text:
California Saints was written for the 150 year anniversary of the Saints in California. It was written by Richard O. Cowan and William E. Homer and published by Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1996. There are a few parts where the story told in this book, intersects with that of my family history, so wanted to mention these here.
In my family history, the first contact with California that I am aware of is William Ashton who served in the infantry from 1856-1861. As part of his duties he marched from the Northern part of California to the Southern. On another occasion he traveled from the Bay area south by steam boat. He was discharged in 1861 from Benicia; and from there returned to England, from where he immigrated in his old age, and went to live with his one surviving daughter Sara Ashton Beckstead, and is buried in the Whitney Cemetery. The book does not talk about this. But it does provide insight into a couple other family history contacts with California.
In the 1880s the Edmunds Tucker Act intensified persecution against the Saints, particularly those who were practicing polygamy. Many Saints left their homes and fled to California, some as families and some as individuals. Among those was Isaac Wardle, my great-great Grandfather. Often wives and families suffered, being left without any means of support.
WWII also brought an influx of Mormons to California, some of whom stayed. My father was stationed on Treasure Island for over six months. Among other things he said the mutual in Berkeley was like none he had ever seen. He mentioned something in his writings I did not understand, having mother's day for someone. I thought perhaps it was a general or admiral's wife, but this book answered the mystery for me. "The servicemen brought wives, mothers and sweethearts to meet "mom and pop." For three years the LDS military personnel at nearby Treasure Island honored Sister [Anna] Patton on Mothers' Day with a special program. Over the years Anna compiled more than twenty scrapbooks of correspondence from servicemen as they scattered throughout the world."
Of course family members have made California their permanent home. I have lived here with my family since 1993. However Uncle Orrin, Leo and Vernal all brought their families long before this. I know Uncle Vernal lived in the Fresno area, Uncle Leo in the Bay area, working for the railroad during the war, and Uncle Orrin in Southern California. We have all been part of the growth of the Mormon Church in California, where there are now (as of 1996) more than three quarter million members and 162 stakes.
This is a place for my genealogy. At this time I am researching Isaac John Wardle History. He was a Mormon handcart pioneer.
Saturday, November 26, 2011
Book "California Saints", as it Pertains to my Family HIstory
2 comments:
Thank you for sharing these insights. I have the book on my shelf (I grew up in the Bay area). It is fascinating to see how our family was connected to the Saints in California.ReplyDelete
I agree, There are more common points than I ever thought before moving here. I have visited most of the places my Dad was during the war. I have also visited Benecia where great-great-great Grandpa Ashton discharged from the infantry.ReplyDelete
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Summary: C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylase
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DNA methyltransferase Edit Wikipedia article
|N-6 DNA Methylase
crystal structure of type i restriction enzyme ecoki m protein (ec 188.8.131.52) (m.ecoki)
|Pfam clan
|HsdM N-terminal domain
|C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylase
structure of human dnmt2, an enigmatic dna methyltransferase homologue
|Pfam clan
|1hmy / SUPFAM
|DNA methylase
crystal structure of methyltransferase mboiia (moraxella bovis)
|Pfam clan
|1boo / SUPFAM
In biochemistry, the DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase) family of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to DNA. DNA methylation serves a wide variety of biological functions. All the known DNA methyltransferases use S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor.
MTases can be divided into three different groups on the basis of the chemical reactions they catalyze:
- m6A - those that generate N6-methyladenine EC 184.108.40.206
- m4C - those that generate N4-methylcytosine EC 220.127.116.11
- m5C - those that generate C5-methylcytosine EC 220.127.116.11
m6A and m4C methyltransferases are found primarily in prokaryotes (although recent evidence has suggested that m6A is abundant in eukaryotes[1]). m5C methyltransfereases are found in some lower eukaryotes, in most higher plants, and in animals beginning with the echinoderms.
The m6A methyltransferases (N-6 adenine-specific DNA methylase) (A-Mtase) are enzymes that specifically methylate the amino group at the C-6 position of adenines in DNA. They are found in the three existing types of bacterial restriction-modification systems (in type I system the A-Mtase is the product of the hsdM gene, and in type III it is the product of the mod gene). These enzymes are responsible for the methylation of specific DNA sequences in order to prevent the host from digesting its own genome via its restriction enzymes. These methylases have the same sequence specificity as their corresponding restriction enzymes. These enzymes contain a conserved motif Asp/Asn-Pro-Pro-Tyr/Phe in their N-terminal section, this conserved region could be involved in substrate binding or in the catalytic activity.[2][3][4][5] The structure of N6-MTase TaqI (M.TaqI) has been resolved to 2.4 A. The molecule folds into 2 domains, an N-terminal catalytic domain, which contains the catalytic and cofactor binding sites, and comprises a central 9-stranded beta-sheet, surrounded by 5 helices; and a C-terminal DNA recognition domain, which is formed by 4 small beta-sheets and 8 alpha-helices. The N- and C-terminal domains form a cleft that accommodates the DNA substrate.[6] A classification of N-MTases has been proposed, based on conserved motif (CM) arrangements.[5] According to this classification, N6-MTases that have a DPPY motif (CM II) occurring after the FxGxG motif (CM I) are designated D12 class N6-adenine MTases. The type I restriction and modification system is composed of three polypeptides R, M and S. The M (hsdM) and S subunits together form a methyltransferase that methylates two adenine residues in complementary strands of a bipartite DNA recognition sequence. In the presence of the R subunit, the complex can also act as an endonuclease, binding to the same target sequence but cutting the DNA some distance from this site. Whether the DNA is cut or modified depends on the methylation state of the target sequence. When the target site is unmodified, the DNA is cut. When the target site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a maintenance methyltransferase, modifying the DNA so that both strands become methylated. hsdM contains an alpha-helical domain at the N-terminus, the HsdM N-terminal domain.[7]
Among the m6A methyltransferases (N-6 adenine-specific DNA methylase) there is a group of orphan MTases that do not participate in the bacterial restriction/methylation system.[8] These enzymes have a regulatory role in gene expression and cell cycle regulation. EcoDam from E. coli [9] and CcrM from Caulobacter crescentus [10] are well characterized members of these family.
m4C methyltransferases (N-4 cytosine-specific DNA methylases) are enzymes that specifically methylate the amino group at the C-4 position of cytosines in DNA.[5] Such enzymes are found as components of type II restriction-modification systems in prokaryotes. Such enzymes recognise a specific sequence in DNA and methylate a cytosine in that sequence. By this action they protect DNA from cleavage by type II restriction enzymes that recognise the same sequence
m5C methyltransferases (C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylase) (C5 Mtase) are enzymes that specifically methylate the C-5 carbon of cytosines in DNA to produce C5-methylcytosine.[11][12][13] In mammalian cells, cytosine-specific methyltransferases methylate certain CpG sequences, which are believed to modulate gene expression and cell differentiation. In bacteria, these enzymes are a component of restriction-modification systems and serve as valuable tools for the manipulation of DNA.[12][14] The structure of HhaI methyltransferase (M.HhaI) has been resolved to 2.5 A: the molecule folds into 2 domains - a larger catalytic domain containing catalytic and cofactor binding sites, and a smaller DNA recognition domain.[15]
De novo vs. maintenance
De novo methyltransferases recognize something in the DNA that allows them to newly methylate cytosines. These are expressed mainly in early embryo development and they set up the pattern of methylation.
Maintenance methyltransferases add methylation to DNA when one strand is already methylated. These work throughout the life of the organism to maintain the methylation pattern that had been established by the de novo methyltransferases.
Three active DNA methyltransferases have been identified in mammals. They are named DNMT1,[16] DNMT3a,[17] and DNMT3b.[18] A fourth enzyme previously known as DNMT2 is not a DNA methyltransferase (see below).
DNMT3L[19] is a protein closely related to DNMT3a and DNMT3b in structure and critical for DNA methylation, but appears to be inactive on its own.
DNMT1 is the most abundant DNA methyltransferase in mammalian cells, and considered to be the key maintenance methyltransferase in mammals. It predominantly methylates hemimethylated CpG di-nucleotides in the mammalian genome. This enzyme is 7– to 100-fold more active on hemimethylated DNA as compared with unmethylated substrate in vitro, but it is still more active at de novo methylation than other DNMTs. The recognition motif for the human enzyme involves only three of the bases in the CpG dinucleotide pair: a C on one strand and CpG on the other. This relaxed substrate specificity requirement allows it to methylate unusual structures like DNA slippage intermediates at de novo rates that equal its maintenance rate.[20] Like other DNA cytosine-5 methyltransferases the human enzyme recognizes flipped out cytosines in double stranded DNA and operates by the nucleophilic attack mechanism.[21] In human cancer cells DNMT1 is responsible for both de novo and maintenance methylation of tumor suppressor genes.[22][23] The enzyme is about 1,620 amino acids long. The first 1,100 amino acids constitute the regulatory domain of the enzyme, and the remaining residues constitute the catalytic domain. These are joined by Gly-Lys repeats. Both domains are required for the catalytic function of DNMT1.
DNMT1 has several isoforms, the somatic DNMT1, a splice variant (DNMT1b) and an oocyte-specific isoform (DNMT1o). DNMT1o is synthesized and stored in the cytoplasm of the oocyte and translocated to the cell nucleus during early embryonic development, while the somatic DNMT1 is always found in the nucleus of somatic tissue.
DNMT1 null mutant embryonic stem cells were viable and contained a small percentage of methylated DNA and methyltransferase activity. Mouse embryos homozygous for a deletion in Dnmt1 die at 10–11 days gestation.[24]
Although this enzyme has strong sequence similarities with 5-methylcytosine methyltransferases of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, in 2006, the enzyme was shown to methylate position 38 in aspartic acid transfer RNA and does not methylate DNA.[25] The name for this methyltransferase has been changed from DNMT2 to TRDMT1 (tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1) to better reflect its biological function.[26] TRDMT1 is the first RNA cytosine methyltransferase to be identified in human cells.
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DNMT3 is a family of DNA methyltransferases that could methylate hemimethylated and unmethylated CpG at the same rate. The architecture of DNMT3 enzymes is similar to that of DNMT1, with a regulatory region attached to a catalytic domain. There are three known members of the DNMT3 family: DNMT3a, 3b, and 3L.
DNMT3a and DNMT3b can mediate methylation-independent gene repression. DNMT3a can co-localize with heterochromatin protein (HP1) and methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCBP). They can also interact with DNMT1, which might be a co-operative event during DNA methylation. DNMT3a prefers CpG methylation to CpA, CpT, and CpC methylation, though there appears to be some sequence preference of methylation for DNMT3a and DNMT3b. DNMT3a methylates CpG sites at a rate much slower than DNMT1, but greater than DNMT3b.
DNMT3L contains DNA methyltransferase motifs and is required for establishing maternal genomic imprints, despite being catalytically inactive. DNMT3L is expressed during gametogenesis when genomic imprinting takes place. The loss of DNMT3L leads to bi-allelic expression of genes normally not expressed by the maternal allele. DNMT3L interacts with DNMT3a and DNMT3b and co-localized in the nucleus. Though DNMT3L appears incapable of methylation, it may participate in transcriptional repression.
Clinical significance
DNMT inhibitors
Because of the epigenetic effects of the DNMT family, some DNMT inhibitors are under investigation for treatment of some cancers:[27]
- Vidaza (azacitidine) in phase III trials for myelodysplastic syndromes and AML
- Dacogen (decitabine) in phase III trials for AML and CML. EU approved in 2012 for AML.[28]
- guadecitabine, an experimental drug under development by Astex Pharmaceuticals and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. It failed to meet primary endpoints in a 2018 Phase III AML trial.
See also
- ^ Iyer LM, Zhang D, Aravind L (January 2016). "Adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Apprehending the complex evolutionary history and functional potential of an epigenetic modification". BioEssays. 38 (1): 27–40. doi:10.1002/bies.201500104. PMC 4738411. PMID 26660621.
- ^ Loenen WA, Daniel AS, Braymer HD, Murray NE (November 1987). "Organization and sequence of the hsd genes of Escherichia coli K-12". Journal of Molecular Biology. 198 (2): 159–70. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(87)90303-2. PMID 3323532.
- ^ Narva KE, Van Etten JL, Slatko BE, Benner JS (December 1988). "The amino acid sequence of the eukaryotic DNA [N6-adenine]methyltransferase, M.CviBIII, has regions of similarity with the prokaryotic isoschizomer M.TaqI and other DNA [N6-adenine] methyltransferases". Gene. 74 (1): 253–9. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(88)90298-3. PMID 3248728.
- ^ Lauster R (March 1989). "Evolution of type II DNA methyltransferases. A gene duplication model". Journal of Molecular Biology. 206 (2): 313–21. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(89)90481-6. PMID 2541254.
- ^ a b c Timinskas A, Butkus V, Janulaitis A (May 1995). "Sequence motifs characteristic for DNA [cytosine-N4] and DNA [adenine-N6] methyltransferases. Classification of all DNA methyltransferases". Gene. 157 (1–2): 3–11. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)00783-O. PMID 7607512.
- ^ Labahn J, Granzin J, Schluckebier G, Robinson DP, Jack WE, Schildkraut I, Saenger W (November 1994). "Three-dimensional structure of the adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase M.Taq I in complex with the cofactor S-adenosylmethionine". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (23): 10957–61. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.10957. PMC 45145. PMID 7971991.
- ^ Kelleher JE, Daniel AS, Murray NE (September 1991). "Mutations that confer de novo activity upon a maintenance methyltransferase". Journal of Molecular Biology. 221 (2): 431–40. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(91)80064-2. PMID 1833555.
- ^ Adhikari, Satish; Curtis, Patrick D. (2016-09-01). "DNA methyltransferases and epigenetic regulation in bacteria". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 40 (5): 575–591. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuw023. ISSN 0168-6445.
- ^ Chahar, Sanjay; Elsawy, Hany; Ragozin, Sergey; Jeltsch, Albert (January 2010). "Changing the DNA Recognition Specificity of the EcoDam DNA-(Adenine-N6)-Methyltransferase by Directed Evolution". Journal of Molecular Biology. 395 (1): 79–88. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.09.027.
- ^ Maier, Johannes A. H.; Albu, Razvan F.; Jurkowski, Tomasz P.; Jeltsch, Albert (2015-12-01). "Investigation of the C-terminal domain of the bacterial DNA-(adenine N6)-methyltransferase CcrM". Biochimie. 119: 60–67. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.011. ISSN 0300-9084.
- ^ Pósfai J, Bhagwat AS, Roberts RJ (December 1988). "Sequence motifs specific for cytosine methyltransferases". Gene. 74 (1): 261–5. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(88)90299-5. PMID 3248729.
- ^ a b Kumar S, Cheng X, Klimasauskas S, Mi S, Posfai J, Roberts RJ, Wilson GG (January 1994). "The DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases". Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1093/nar/22.1.1. PMC 307737. PMID 8127644.
- ^ Lauster R, Trautner TA, Noyer-Weidner M (March 1989). "Cytosine-specific type II DNA methyltransferases. A conserved enzyme core with variable target-recognizing domains". J. Mol. Biol. 206 (2): 305–12. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(89)90480-4. PMID 2716049.
- ^ Cheng X (February 1995). "DNA modification by methyltransferases". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 5 (1): 4–10. doi:10.1016/0959-440X(95)80003-J. PMID 7773746.
- ^ Cheng X, Kumar S, Posfai J, Pflugrath JW, Roberts RJ (July 1993). "Crystal structure of the HhaI DNA methyltransferase complexed with S-adenosyl-L-methionine". Cell. 74 (2): 299–307. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90421-L. PMID 8343957.
- ^ "DNMT1". Gene Symbol Report. HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
- ^ "DNMT3A". Gene Symbol Report. HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
- ^ "DNMT3B". Gene Symbol Report. HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
- ^ "DNMT3L". Gene Symbol Report. HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. Retrieved 2012-09-27.
- ^ Kho MR, Baker DJ, Laayoun A, Smith SS (1998). "Stalling of Human DNA (Cytosine-5) Methyltransferase at Single Strand Conformers form a Site of Dynamic Mutation". Journal of Molecular Biology. 275 (1): 67–79. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1430. PMID 9451440.
- ^ Smith SS, Kaplan BE, Sowers LC, Newman EM (1992). "Mechanism of human methyl-directed DNA methyltransferase and the fidelity of cytosine methylation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (10): 4744–4748. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.10.4744. PMC 49160. PMID 1584813.
- ^ Jair KW, Bachman KE, Suzuki H, Ting AH, Rhee I, Yen RW, Baylin SB, Schuebel KE (2006). "De novo CpG Island Methylation in Human Cancer Cells". Cancer Research. 66 (2): 682–692. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1980. PMID 16423997.
- ^ Ting AH, Jair KW, Schuebel KE, Baylin SB (2006). "Differential Requirement for DNA Methyltransferse 1 In Maintaining Cancer Cell Gene Promoter Hypermethylation". Cancer Research. 66 (2): 729–735. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1537. PMID 16424002.
- ^ Li E, Bestor TH, Jaenisch R (1992). "Targeted Mutation of the DNA Methyltransferase Gene Results in Embryonic Lethality". Cell. 69 (6): 915–926. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90611-F. PMID 1606615.
- ^ Goll MG, Kirpekar F, Maggert KA, Yoder JA, Hsieh CL, Zhang X, Golic KG, Jacobsen SE, Bestor TH (2006). "Methylation of tRNAAsp by the DNA Methyltransferase Homolog Dnmt2". Science. 311 (5759): 395–398. doi:10.1126/science.1120976. PMID 16424344.
- ^ "TRDMT1 tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (Homo sapiens)". Entrez Gene. NCBI. 2010-11-01. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
- ^ Mack GS (2010). "To selectivity and beyond". Nat. Biotechnol. 28 (12): 1259–66. doi:10.1038/nbt.1724. PMID 21139608.
- ^ "EC Approves Marketing Authorization Of DACOGEN For Acute Myeloid Leukemia". 2012-09-28. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
Further reading
- Smith SS (1994). "Biological implications of the mechanism of action of human DNA (cytosine-5)methyltransferase". Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 49: 65–111. PMID 7863011.
- Pradhan S, Esteve PO (2003). "Mammalian DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases and their expression". Clin. Immunol. 109 (1): 6–16. doi:10.1016/S1521-6616(03)00204-3. PMID 14585271.
- Goll MG, Bestor TH (2005). "Eukaryotic cytosine methyltransferases". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 74: 481–514. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.010904.153721. PMID 15952895.
- Svedruzić ZM (2008). "Mammalian cytosine DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1: enzymatic mechanism, novel mechanism-based inhibitors, and RNA-directed DNA methylation". Curr. Med. Chem. 15 (1): 92–106. doi:10.2174/092986708783330700. PMID 18220765.
External links
- Information about DNA methyltransferases and DNA methylation at epigeneticstation.com
- Data for a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) Antibody
- DNA+Modification+Methyltransferases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylase Provide feedback
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Internal database links
|Cons_hypoth95 FtsJ Met_10 Methyltransf_11 Methyltransf_15 Methyltransf_25 Methyltransf_31 MTS PrmA UPF0020
External database links
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR001525
C-5 cytosine-specific DNA methylases (EC) (C5 Mtase) are enzymes that specifically methylate the C-5 carbon of cytosines in DNA to produce C5-methylcytosine [PUBMED:3248729, PUBMED:8127644, PUBMED:2716049]. In mammalian cells, cytosine-specific methyltransferases methylate certain CpG sequences, which are believed to modulate gene expression and cell differentiation. In bacteria, these enzymes are a component of restriction-modification systems and serve as valuable tools for the manipulation of DNA [PUBMED:7773746, PUBMED:8127644]. The structure of HhaI methyltransferase (M.HhaI) has been resolved to 2.5 A [PUBMED:8343957]: the molecule folds into 2 domains - a larger catalytic domain containing catalytic and cofactor binding sites, and a smaller DNA recognition domain.
This entry also includes tRNA (cytosine(38)-C(5))-methyltransferase (EC), also known as DNMT2 (DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase-like protein 2), that specifically methylates cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop of tRNA (Asp) [PUBMED:16424344].
Gene Ontology
The mapping between Pfam and Gene Ontology is provided by InterPro. If you use this data please cite InterPro.
|Molecular function
|methyltransferase activity (GO:0008168)
Domain organisation
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Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan NADP_Rossmann (CL0063), which has the following description:
A class of redox enzymes are two domain proteins. One domain, termed the catalytic domain, confers substrate specificity and the precise reaction of the enzyme. The other domain, which is common to this class of redox enzymes, is a Rossmann-fold domain. The Rossmann domain binds nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and it is this cofactor that reversibly accepts a hydride ion, which is lost or gained by the substrate in the redox reaction. Rossmann domains have an alpha/beta fold, which has a central beta sheet, with approximately five alpha helices found surrounding the beta sheet.The strands forming the beta sheet are found in the following characteristic order 654123. The inter sheet crossover of the stands in the sheet form the NAD+ binding site [1]. In some more distantly relate Rossmann domains the NAD+ cofactor is replaced by the functionally similar cofactor FAD.
The clan contains the following 204 members:2-Hacid_dh_C 3Beta_HSD 3HCDH_N 3HCDH_RFF adh_short adh_short_C2 ADH_zinc_N ADH_zinc_N_2 AdoHcyase_NAD AdoMet_MTase AlaDh_PNT_C Amino_oxidase ApbA AviRa B12-binding Bac_GDH Bin3 Bmt2 CbiJ CheR CMAS CmcI CoA_binding CoA_binding_2 CoA_binding_3 Cons_hypoth95 DAO DapB_N DFP DNA_methylase DOT1 DRE2_N DREV DUF1188 DUF1442 DUF1611_N DUF166 DUF1776 DUF2431 DUF268 DUF2855 DUF3410 DUF364 DUF43 DUF5129 DUF5130 DUF938 DXP_reductoisom DXPR_C Eco57I ELFV_dehydrog Eno-Rase_FAD_bd Eno-Rase_NADH_b Enoyl_reductase Epimerase F420_oxidored FAD_binding_2 FAD_binding_3 FAD_oxidored Fibrillarin FMO-like FmrO FtsJ G6PD_N GCD14 GDI GDP_Man_Dehyd GFO_IDH_MocA GIDA GidB GLF Glu_dehyd_C Glyco_hydro_4 Glyco_tran_WecB GMC_oxred_N Gp_dh_N GRAS GRDA HI0933_like HIM1 IlvN ISPD_C K_oxygenase KR LCM Ldh_1_N LpxI_N Lycopene_cycl Malic_M Mannitol_dh MCRA Met_10 Methyltr_RsmB-F Methyltr_RsmF_N Methyltrans_Mon Methyltrans_SAM Methyltransf_10 Methyltransf_11 Methyltransf_12 Methyltransf_14 Methyltransf_15 Methyltransf_16 Methyltransf_17 Methyltransf_18 Methyltransf_19 Methyltransf_2 Methyltransf_20 Methyltransf_21 Methyltransf_22 Methyltransf_23 Methyltransf_24 Methyltransf_25 Methyltransf_28 Methyltransf_29 Methyltransf_3 Methyltransf_30 Methyltransf_31 Methyltransf_32 Methyltransf_33 Methyltransf_34 Methyltransf_4 Methyltransf_5 Methyltransf_7 Methyltransf_8 Methyltransf_9 Methyltransf_PK MethyltransfD12 MetW Mg-por_mtran_C MOLO1 Mqo MT-A70 MTS Mur_ligase N2227 N6-adenineMlase N6_Mtase N6_N4_Mtase NAD_binding_10 NAD_binding_2 NAD_binding_3 NAD_binding_4 NAD_binding_5 NAD_binding_7 NAD_binding_8 NAD_binding_9 NAD_Gly3P_dh_N NAS NmrA NNMT_PNMT_TEMT NodS NSP11 NSP16 OCD_Mu_crystall Orbi_VP4 PALP PARP_regulatory PCMT PDH PglD_N Polysacc_syn_2C Polysacc_synt_2 Pox_MCEL Pox_mRNA-cap Prenylcys_lyase PrmA PRMT5 Pyr_redox Pyr_redox_2 Pyr_redox_3 Reovirus_L2 RmlD_sub_bind Rossmann-like rRNA_methylase RrnaAD Rsm22 RsmJ Sacchrp_dh_NADP SAM_MT SE Semialdhyde_dh Shikimate_DH Spermine_synth TehB THF_DHG_CYH_C Thi4 ThiF TPM_phosphatase TPMT TrkA_N TRM TRM13 TrmK tRNA_U5-meth_tr Trp_halogenase TylF Ubie_methyltran UDPG_MGDP_dh_N UPF0020 UPF0146 Urocanase V_cholerae_RfbT XdhC_C YjeF_N
We store a range of different sequence alignments for families. As well as the seed alignment from which the family is built, we provide the full alignment, generated by searching the sequence database (reference proteomes) using the family HMM. We also generate alignments using four representative proteomes (RP) sets, the UniProtKB sequence database, the NCBI sequence database, and our metagenomics sequence database. More...
There are various ways to view or download the sequence alignments that we store. We provide several sequence viewers and a plain-text Stockholm-format file for download.
Alignment types
We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family:
- seed
- the curated alignment from which the HMM for the family is built
- full
- the alignment generated by searching the sequence database using the HMM
- Representative Proteomes (RPs) at 15%, 35%, 55% and 75% co-membership thresholds
- UniProt
- alignment generated by searching the UniProtKB sequence database using the family HMM
- alignment generated by searching the NCBI sequence database using the family HMM
- meta
- alignment generated by searching the metagenomics sequence database using the family HMM
You can see the alignments as HTML or in three different sequence viewers:
- jalview
- a Java applet developed at the University of Dundee. You will need Java installed before running jalview
- an HTML page showing the whole alignment.Please note: full Pfam alignments can be very large. These HTML views are extremely large and often cause problems for browsers. Please use either jalview or the Pfam viewer if you have trouble viewing the HTML version
- PP/Heatmap
- an HTML-based representation of the alignment, coloured according to the posterior-probability (PP) values from the HMM. As for the standard HTML view, heatmap alignments can also be very large and slow to render.
You can download (or view in your browser) a text representation of a Pfam alignment in various formats:
- Selex
- Stockholm
You can also change the order in which sequences are listed in the alignment, change how insertions are represented, alter the characters that are used to represent gaps in sequences and, finally, choose whether to download the alignment or to view it in your browser directly.
You may find that large alignments cause problems for the viewers and the reformatting tool, so we also provide all alignments in Stockholm format. You can download either the plain text alignment, or a gzipped version of it.
View options
We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family. You can see a description of each above. You can view these alignments in various ways but please note that some types of alignment are never generated while others may not be available for all families, most commonly because the alignments are too large to handle.
|Representative proteomes
1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
Key: available, not generated, — not available.
Format an alignment
Download options
We make all of our alignments available in Stockholm format. You can download them here as raw, plain text files or as gzip-compressed files.
|Representative proteomes
|Raw Stockholm
You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
HMM logo
HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...
If you find these logos useful in your own work, please consider citing the following article:
This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family's seed alignment. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed alignment.
Note: You can also download the data file for the tree.
Curation and family details
This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.
|Seed source:
|Previous IDs:
|Sequence Ontology:
|Sonnhammer ELL
|Number in seed:
|Number in full:
|Average length of the domain:
|256.00 aa
|Average identity of full alignment:
|17 %
|Average coverage of the sequence by the domain:
|53.26 %
HMM information
|HMM build commands:
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 45638612 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
|Model details:
|Model length:
|Family (HMM) version:
|download the raw HMM for this family
Species distribution
Sunburst controlsHide
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|Other sequences
|Unclassified sequence
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This visualisation provides a simple graphical representation of the distribution of this family across species. You can find the original interactive tree in the adjacent tab. More...
This chart is a modified "sunburst" visualisation of the species tree for this family. It shows each node in the tree as a separate arc, arranged radially with the superkingdoms at the centre and the species arrayed around the outermost ring.
How the sunburst is generated
The tree is built by considering the taxonomic lineage of each sequence that has a match to this family. For each node in the resulting tree, we draw an arc in the sunburst. The radius of the arc, its distance from the root node at the centre of the sunburst, shows the taxonomic level ("superkingdom", "kingdom", etc). The length of the arc represents either the number of sequences represented at a given level, or the number of species that are found beneath the node in the tree. The weighting scheme can be changed using the sunburst controls.
In order to reduce the complexity of the representation, we reduce the number of taxonomic levels that we show. We consider only the following eight major taxonomic levels:
- superkingdom
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
Colouring and labels
Segments of the tree are coloured approximately according to their superkingdom. For example, archeal branches are coloured with shades of orange, eukaryotes in shades of purple, etc. The colour assignments are shown under the sunburst controls. Where space allows, the name of the taxonomic level will be written on the arc itself.
As you move your mouse across the sunburst, the current node will be highlighted. In the top section of the controls panel we show a summary of the lineage of the currently highlighed node. If you pause over an arc, a tooltip will be shown, giving the name of the taxonomic level in the title and a summary of the number of sequences and species below that node in the tree.
Anomalies in the taxonomy tree
There are some situations that the sunburst tree cannot easily handle and for which we have work-arounds in place.
Missing taxonomic levels
Some species in the taxonomic tree may not have one or more of the main eight levels that we display. For example, Bos taurus is not assigned an order in the NCBI taxonomic tree. In such cases we mark the omitted level with, for example, "No order", in both the tooltip and the lineage summary.
Unmapped species names
The tree is built by looking at each sequence in the full alignment for the family. We take the name of the species given by UniProt and try to map that to the full taxonomic tree from NCBI. In some cases, the name chosen by UniProt does not map to any node in the NCBI tree, perhaps because the chosen name is listed as a synonym or a misspelling in the NCBI taxonomy.
So that these nodes are not simply omitted from the sunburst tree, we group them together in a separate branch (or segment of the sunburst tree). Since we cannot determine the lineage for these unmapped species, we show all levels between the superkingdom and the species as "uncategorised".
Since we reduce the species tree to only the eight main taxonomic levels, sequences that are mapped to the sub-species level in the tree would not normally be shown. Rather than leave out these species, we map them instead to their parent species. So, for example, for sequences belonging to one of the Vibrio cholerae sub-species in the NCBI taxonomy, we show them instead as belonging to the species Vibrio cholerae.
Too many species/sequences
For large species trees, you may see blank regions in the outer layers of the sunburst. These occur when there are large numbers of arcs to be drawn in a small space. If an arc is less than approximately one pixel wide, it will not be drawn and the space will be left blank. You may still be able to get some information about the species in that region by moving your mouse across the area, but since each arc will be very small, it will be difficult to accurately locate a particular species.
Tree controlsHide
Download tree
- Save a text representation
Selected sequences
- (Uncheck all)
- graphically
- as an alignment
- sequence accessions
- sequences in FASTA format
The tree shows the occurrence of this domain across different species. More...
Species trees
We show the species tree in one of two ways. For smaller trees we try to show an interactive representation, which allows you to select specific nodes in the tree and view them as an alignment or as a set of Pfam domain graphics.
Unfortunately we have found that there are problems viewing the interactive tree when the it becomes larger than a certain limit. Furthermore, we have found that Internet Explorer can become unresponsive when viewing some trees, regardless of their size. We therefore show a text representation of the species tree when the size is above a certain limit or if you are using Internet Explorer to view the site.
If you are using IE you can still load the interactive tree by clicking the "Generate interactive tree" button, but please be aware of the potential problems that the interactive species tree can cause.
Interactive tree
For all of the domain matches in a full alignment, we count the number that are found on all sequences in the alignment. This total is shown in the purple box.
We also count the number of unique sequences on which each domain is found, which is shown in green. Note that a domain may appear multiple times on the same sequence, leading to the difference between these two numbers.
Finally, we group sequences from the same organism according to the NCBI code that is assigned by UniProt, allowing us to count the number of distinct sequences on which the domain is found. This value is shown in the pink boxes.
We use the NCBI species tree to group organisms according to their taxonomy and this forms the structure of the displayed tree. Note that in some cases the trees are too large (have too many nodes) to allow us to build an interactive tree, but in most cases you can still view the tree in a plain text, non-interactive representation. Those species which are represented in the seed alignment for this domain are highlighted.
You can use the tree controls to manipulate how the interactive tree is displayed:
- show/hide the summary boxes
- highlight species that are represented in the seed alignment
- expand/collapse the tree or expand it to a given depth
- select a sub-tree or a set of species within the tree and view them graphically or as an alignment
- save a plain text representation of the tree
Please note: for large trees this can take some time. While the tree is loading, you can safely switch away from this tab but if you browse away from the family page entirely, the tree will not be loaded.
There are 6 interactions for this family. More...
We determine these interactions using iPfam, which considers the interactions between residues in three-dimensional protein structures and maps those interactions back to Pfam families. You can find more information about the iPfam algorithm in the journal article that accompanies the website.
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the DNA_methylase domain has been found. There are 85 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein sequence.
Loading structure mapping...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
No one likes spam. And no one should! Which is why the reported uptick in AIM spammers—thanks again for pulling support, Aol—be so frustrating. But it doesn't have to be. Why not have a little fun?
When interacting with a spambot, you've got a few options. There's the obvious "block and ignore" for when you've got too many real human people to talk to. As Brent Rose pointed out a few months back, there's the timeless "call them out early and often." But me? I like to engage my subject. Make a friend.
Thursday, March 29, 2012
Brian Barrett
good morning!
null null
hey there. 23 femaIe here.. you?
Brian Barrett
30 male, thank you for asking
null null
hmmm. have wee chattted b4?
Brian Barrett
don't think so! I knew a kid in middle school named null null but we fell out of touch
null null
oh ok sorrry i wasn't sure im aIways meeeting new peopIe. anywaysz.. whats up?
Brian Barrett
oh not much. I've just been trying to get people to click links I send them on AIM but no one's into it!
null null
im sooooooo bored... i have somme pics on my proffiIe on this webssite if you want 2 see?
Brian Barrett
wait, does this mean you're ALSO trying to get people to click links? how's it been going on your end?
any "takers" hahaha that's not a pun.
null null
http://referer.us/3/9EEry1 jusst go theree and make a frree profilIe
you have to signupp causee i have some nakeed pictures on there so the sitte makes sure u r ovr 18 b4 u can see themm
and don't worrry it iss 100% freeee i promiise. mk?
Brian Barrett
wait, it's free? honestly if this is something you put time and effort into the least I can do is pay
would you like my credit card number?
null null
when you get signnedd up and lIogged in theen search for my profiiIe itts "sexyashey1988"
my passswoord for my private gaIIery is "imsosexyy88" if u wantt 2 see my naked piics
Brian Barrett
you must love 1988! are you a big dodgers fan?
null null
brb phonne caII.
Brian Barrett
oh that reminds me, let me know if you want my phone number too! IM can be so impersonal.
also while we're talking and since I feel like we're pretty friendly at this point, have you noticed an increase in AIM spammers lately?
especially since AOL cut off support to AIM?
is now a good time to talk about your spelling?
it just seems like you're holding down certain keys too long.
As of this posting, null null is still on the phone.
The important thing to remember is that AIM spam is here to stay, so we might as well have some fun with it. Don't click on any links, don't give out any personal information. But do make a spambot friend today. It's lonely out there on the digital corner.
Image credit: Shutterstock/Aleksandr Doodko


text:
Wheeler, Arenado scale Rockies system
Sluggers lead strong class of players from Modesto and Tulsa
By David Heck / Special to MLB.com | November 2, 2011 6:00 AM
The Rockies didn't necessarily get everything they could have hoped from their Minor League system in 2011, but they came pretty close. While some players struggled or remained stagnant, many touted players lived up to expectations and several others came out of nowhere to make names for themselves.
As a team, Class A Advanced Modesto enjoyed the best year, going 74-66 in the regular season and earning the only playoff berth among Colorado's full-season affiliates. The Nuts also lead the organization by placing seven names on the following All-Star list.
Catcher -- Bryce Massanari, Asheville (69 games): Among catchers in the Rockies organization who played in as many games as he did, Massanari placed first in average (.328), on-base percentage (.419) and slugging percentage (.564). In terms of raw offensive totals, he tallied 14 homers, 19 doubles, 43 RBIs and 44 runs. He also controlled the running game behind the plate, catching 47 percent of baserunners who attempted to steal on him. His overall performance earned him a nod as a South Atlantic League All-Star.
Honorable mention to Wilin Rosario, who tied for fifth in the system with 21 homers (first among catchers) and was selected to the All-Star Futures Game in Arizona.
First baseman - Mike Zuanich, Modesto (58 games), Tulsa (30 games): The 25-year-old first baseman hit .366 with 14 homers and 49 RBIs for the Nuts, earning a spot in the California League All-Star Game. Upon his promotion to the Drillers, his batting average dropped to .261, but he still posted an .853 OPS. Across both levels, he combined to smack 20 homers and put together a 1.051 OPS that led qualified batters in the organization.
"He was a guy that showed very good power, especially there at the end of the season," Drillers manager Duane Espy said. "I think he had a streak for us where it seemed like he was homering every game. ... There at the end, he did DH and swing the bat very well and show some plus power."
Second baseman -- Chris Nelson, Colorado Springs (73 games), Colorado (63 games): The Sky Sox were loaded with second baseman, as four posted OPS figures of .829 or above. Nelson got the most playing time among them, batting .329 with 11 homers and 158 total bases. Despite spending so much of the year in the big leagues, he still led all of the Rockies' Minor League second basemen with 65 RBIs.
Shortstop -- Josh Rutledge, Modesto (113 games): The 2010 third-round Draft pick hit .348 to lead all players in the Rockies system and also placed first among shortstops with 91 runs, 71 RBIs, 238 total bases and a .931 OPS. He showed a good blend of power and speed, tallying nine homers, nine triples, 33 doubles and 16 stolen bases in 19 attempts. The most amazing thing about Rutledge's year is that almost all of his success came in the second half. After batting .262 and failing to go deep once before the All-Star break, he hit. 411 with 42 extra-base hits, 53 RBIs and a 1.125 OPS in the season's final three months.
"He's got a compact swing," said 2011 Modesto manager Jerry Weinstein, who is now the Rockies' catching coach. "A swing arc that's in the plane of the pitch for a long time. ... He's got surprising power at times, but that's not his game. He uses the whole field and hits the ball back to the middle. When he got pitches, he didn't miss them, especially in the esecond half."
Third baseman -- Nolan Arenado, Modesto (134 games): Arenado was an RBI machine for the Nuts, knocking in 122 runs to lead the Minor Leagues. His 252 total bases were second overall in the organization, while his .298 batting average checked in at seventh. Overall, he tallied 55 extra base hits -- 20 homers, 32 doubles and three triples -- en route to an .836 OPS. Perhaps even more impressive, however, was Arenado's eye at the plate: He struck out just 53 times on the year while racking up 47 walks.
"I knew it was going to be a long season, and I was ready for it and I was excited," Arenado said. "God blessed me a lot, and it all worked out. I worked hard to do what I do. There's still a lot to be done, but it was very exciting. I'm glad the Rockies are happy with it."
"He had a tremendous routine for himself every day, not only to improve but to get ready for games both offensively and defensively," Weinstein added. "He's probably the best young defender I've ever seen. He'd make a SportsCenter play every night. It was incredible."
Tim Wheeler, Tulsa (138 games): After hitting just .249 with 12 homers at Class A Advanced in 2010, Wheeler showed why he was a former first-round pick when he became an offensive juggernaut this season. The 23-year-old batted .287 with a system-leading 33 homers, 105 runs and 300 total bases, while also tallying 86 RBIs and 21 stolen bases. His hottest streak came in May, as he hit .389 with eight homers 24 RBIs and a 1.169 OPS to earn Texas League Player of the Month honors. He also racked up three Player of the Week awards and was named both a midseason and postseason All-Star.
"Just having an approach and staying with it, instead of trying to make both mechanical changes and mental changes week to week," Wheeler said of his outlook. "I had a lot more faith in myself an my abilities, and that was the biggest difference."
"The adjustments he made from the one year to the next -- and basically the big adjustments were his posture and his hitting position -- obviously it generated a lot more power for him," Espy added. "From start to finish, he was a clutch hitter, a guy that drove the ball and used the whole ballpark."
Kent Matthes, Modesto (93 games): The 24-year-old had easily the best year of his career in 2011, ranking among the top Rockies Minor Leaguers in almost every offensive category. He placed first in slugging percentage (.642), second in batting average (.334) and OPS (1.020) and tied for third in homers (23) and RBIs (95). At the end of the year, he was named the California League MVP, even though he was injured for the final weeks of the season.
"He would've had the best stats of any of [the Modesto players], but he got hurt for last five to six weeks," Weinstein said. "He was hit by a pitch and broke a bone in his left hand.
"He gets into the plane of the pitch early, and he also can hit the ball over the ballpark with power. His raw power is tremendous -- well above average. And he's not a big swing-and-miss guy either."
Corey Dickerson, Asheville (106 games): An eighth-round Draft pick in 2010, Dickerson launched 32 home runs in his first full professional season, trailing only Wheeler in the organization. Despite taking part in that kind of grind for the first time, the 22-year-old did not fade at the end of the year. In fact, he put together his best stretch in August, when he batted .330 with 11 homers and 28 RBIs in 23 games.
Utility -- Mike Jacobs, Colorado Springs (117 games): Jacobs might be a controversial pick after testing positive for human growth hormone and being suspended for 50 games, but his numbers are too strong to brush aside. The Major League veteran hit .298 with 23 homers and 97 RBIs at Triple-A, putting together a .910 OPS. He paced the Sky Sox in almost every offensive statistic, including home runs, RBIs, total bases (229) and walks (58).
Right-handed pitcher -- Chad Bettis, Modesto (27 games): Bettis led the Rockies system with 12 wins, putting together a 3.34 ERA and a 1.10 WHIP. He also showed the ability to miss bats, striking out 184 batters in 169 2/3 innings (second in the organization). Despite fanning so many, he was still stingy when it came to bases on balls, issuing only 45 walks. He was named the California League Pitcher of the Week three times and earned selections as both a midseason and postseason All-Star.
"When he needs to make a pitch, his velocity may jump 3-4 mph," Weinstein said. "His higher gun readings were late in games when the game was on line. He holds his stuff extremely well. He's got a well above-average fastball -- it probably sits around 95 but tapped 100 this year. Breaking ball, slider. Both of them are power pitches. And he's developing the change-up."
Left-handed pitcher -- Edwar Cabrera, Asheville (13 games), Modesto (13 games): The 24-year-old southpaw came out of nowhere to dominate in his first full pro season, leading the Minor Leagues with 217 strikeouts in 167 innings. He went 8-3 on the year, posting a combined 3.34 ERA across Class A and Class A Advanced. Like Bettis, he was able to limit his walks despite his high strikeout rate, allowing just 41 free passes. His 5.29 strikeout-to-walk ratio ranked first among pitchers with at least 16 starts.
"He's got as good a swing-and-miss change-up as you'll ever see," Weinstein said. "Forty-six percent of his change-ups were swung at and missed, and he's got enough fastball velocity to get in on you. And he does have a good breaking ball, just with the change-up, he doesn't use it a whole lot. He'll have to use it more for left-handed hitters. He's also a competitive guy, holds runners and is athletic on the mound."
Relief pitcher -- Michael Marbry, Modesto (50 games): The 27-year-old righty only ranked third in the organization with 16 saves, but was the most dominating reliever in the system. He compiled a 2.92 ERA in 64 2/3 innings, striking out 66. He also posted the best opponents' batting average of his career, allowing hits in just under 24 percent of at-bats.
"He didn't close for us the first half of the season, but then Marbry more or less graduated into that role," Weinstein said. "He's got three legitimate swing-and-miss pitches. ... He's just really scratching the surface. I think obviously age becomes a factor, but this was a breakthrough year for him."
David Heck is a contributor to MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More


text:
Submitted by Sabin on
The open-access journal, PLoS NTDs, celebrated its fifth anniversary. To commemorate this great achievement, the journal compiled editorials and research papers published over the last five years to create a collection, called "The Geopolitics of NTDs."
The collection focuses on the geographic distribution of NTDs by region to highlight the key differences as well as similarities between the diseases in different areas around the world.
Dr. Peter Hotez, along with his co-editor, Dr. Serap Askoy, oversaw this collection, which features several articles written by Dr. Hotez, Dr. Askoy and many other renowned global health experts.
You can read and download the full collection and you can read an exclusive question and answer interview with Drs. Hotez and Askloy on PLoS' "Speaking of Medicine Blog."


text:
Meet and Eat: Rabi Abonour, Spring Editorial Intern
Name: Rabi Abonour
Location: Brooklyn, NY
Occupation: Freelance photographer
Website/Twitter: rabiabonour.com / @rabonour
Guilty pleasures? Oozing, artificial nacho cheese. The more unnaturally neon, the better.
Describe your perfect meal. To me, the perfect meal is all about company. As much as I care about food and am discerning in what I eat, when I think back to the best meals of my life, what I remember most is the company, whether it be family, friends, or friendly strangers.
What food won't you eat? I'll eat just about anything, but cheap canned olives are tough for me to choke down.
Favorite food person? It's a tie between Alton Brown and Anthony Bourdain. When I was young, watching Good Eats with my father was one of my first introductions to the food world outside my home. Brown's technique-driven cooking style still is the biggest influence on how I cook. Later, Bourdain's books and TV shows were what drove me to food writing; his no-nonsense nonsense voice has always appealed to me.
When did you first realize you were a serious eater? Food has been a huge part of my life as long as I can remember. My parents were always cooking interesting foods. I think I realized I was a little different when I learned most of the other middle school kids in my town weren't eating things like artichokes and lamb chops regularly.
What do your family and your friends think of your food obsessions? My family is accepting. I inherited my love of food from my father—if he didn't want me to be obsessed with food, he shouldn't have started taking me to sushi bars before I was ten. Most of my friends love food enough to get my obsession, but I've shocked my share of roommates with the food I cook.
Favorite food sites or blogs? Besides Serious Eats, which I would say is my daily source for food information even if my bosses weren't reading this, I get recipes from The Kitchn, keep up on general food news with Eater, and turn to Food Porn Daily for food photography inspiration.
Everyone has a go-to person they call for restaurant recommendations. Who's yours? I don't really have one go-to for recommendations. When I need to find a place to eat, I ask all my food-loving friends in the area where to go. I'm a very recent New York transplant, so right now I'm asking basically everyone I meet where to eat.
What is your favorite meal of the day and where do you get it? In general, I tend to put the most energy into dinner; I love coming home at the end of the day and barricading myself in the kitchen. On special occasions, however, I think the ideal meal is the long lunch. There's nothing better than a big, indulgent, I-need-a-nap-after-this lunch with good company.
Do you ever cook? What's the best dish you make? I love to cook. Most of my cooking falls into the category of "vaguely Asian," with specialties being sautéed kale and cold noodle salads.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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he has two vehicles, but I don't because I don't know how to ride a motorcycle. I only have one vehicle. Well, I do know how to ride a motorcycle, but I don't know how to drive one. You get the point.
There are lots of reasons why we only have one car. Economically it makes sense. Environmentally it makes sense. Practically it makes sense. Most of the time we don't need that extra car. It would sit in our driveway almost all day every day. Even when we do need an extra car, usually one of can hustle a ride. The ride hustler is generally the parent in charge of the fewest children at the time.
Every once in a while, however, one of us gets stuck.
Take this week. I had a conference to attend for three days. Because my husband had all three kids, he needed the car more. So the whole family got up early and drove me to the conference where they dropped me off. But then when it was time to pick me up on the first day, my husband was stuck at the house with an installation guy from DirecTV.
Especially since said conference was hell and gone from where I live. Consequently, I had to embark on an hour and forty minute, two-bus voyage home.
At least I didn't have all three kids with me. I've done that. It's not awesome.
But still? Lame.
I used to ride the bus everywhere. I didn't have a car for the five years between high school and grad school. I owned a bus pass and could get anywhere in the San Francisco Bay Area on public transportation. When I was getting ready to move to Los Angeles for graduate school, I started looking for a car. I have vivid memories of standing at bus stops looking wistfully at cars passing by.
I was emotionally transported back into that headspace last week as I stood at a soggy bus stop sadly waiting for my bus. It is dispiriting to know that if I had a car I could be back home in 20 minutes, but knowing I had an hour and a half on a bus ahead of me. Don't get me wrong, I'm grateful for the public transportation option. I'm just glad that I don't have to take it all the time.
I wound my way home via the most circuitous route possible. If you ever want a tour of scenic suburban Rockville, take the number 48 bus.
We'll most likely stick with the one-car system for the foreseeable future. It doesn't make any sense to get a new car for the very occasional use we would get from it. But I may just have to learn how to drive a motorcyle. That would make sense.
Stimey painstakingly pecked out much of this post on her iPhone while waiting at the bus stop. You can find her blogging at Stimeyland. She also runs an autism events website for Montgomery County at AutMont and writes a column for the Washington Times Communities called Autism Unexpected.


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RIVERSIDE, Calif. – After UCSB and UC Riverside scored a combined 17 runs in Friday's series opener, Saturday's game had a decidedly different tone, as the Gauchos rode a 7 2/3 inning, two-hit gem from starter Justin Jacome to a 2-0 victory over the Highlanders.
The Gauchos – winners of five of their last six – improved their record to 23-18, 8-6 with the win. The Highlanders, who are now in the midst of a seven game losing streak, fell to 17-21, 6-8. It was the third shutout of the season for the Gauchos and second this month after defeating No. 4 Cal State Fullerton 2-0 on Apr. 14.
Jacome, a freshman lefty, turned in the finest performance of his young career on Saturday night, surrendering just two hits and no runs over 7 2/3 innings. It was the first outing for Jacome where he didn't allow a run. He also matched a career high by fanning six batters.
Jacome cruised through the majority of the game, only having to pitch out of trouble in a pair of situations. He issued back-to-back walks in the fourth inning – his only free passes of the game – but got a lazy fly out to end the inning. Clayton Prestridge doubled to start the bottom of the sixth, but the next three Highlanders were retired in order to snuff out the potential rally.
With the win, Jacome improved to 4-3 on the season. It was his seventh quality start of the season.
With two outs and nobody on in the eighth, Jacome made way for closer Dylan Hecht. The freshman righty started off his outing with a four pitch walk, but then retired the next four batters he faced – three of those via the strikeout – to pick up second consecutive and sixth overall save.
The Gauchos got all the offense they needed in the sixth inning as Robby Nesovic and Tyler Kuresa opened up the inning with singles, advancing to second and third after a Cameron Newell sac bunt. Jackson Morrow then bounced a grounder to third baseman Joe Chavez, who tried to retire Nesovic at home. However, catcher Bart Steponovich couldn't handle Chavez's throw, allowing the UCSB designated hitter to score and make it 1-0.
The Gauchos added another run in the ninth, with Joey Epperson scoring on a Woody Woodward single after reaching on a one-out base hit and stealing second.
UC Riverside starter Ben Doucette was the hard luck loser on Saturday, falling to 2-4 despite allowing just a single unearned run in seven innings of work.
Woodward, Nesovic, Kuresa, and Brandon Trinkwon each collected a pair of hits for the Gauchos. Newell's eighth inning double represented the only UCSB extra base hit.
The Gauchos and Highlanders will finish up their three-game set on Sunday afternoon, with the first pitch coming at 1:00 p.m.


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No man should have to drink alone — that's why we have pets. But assuming you don't want an angry PETA protest outside your house yelling about how "alcohol is bad for dogs" and you need to "stop" and "get a job", you're going to need to find an alternative solution to your solitary drinking problem.
Fortunately for you, Oregon resident Daniel Keeton has started to produce what is essentially O'Doul's for dogs: a canine-exclusive "beer" dubbed Dawg Grog. The doggy booze doesn't actually contain any alcohol, but it does blend spent grain (which is left over from the beer brewing process) with vegetable broth. Because what's soup without a little beer mixed in, as Grandma used to say before she started going to the meetings.
According to Keeton, though, his dog, Lola Jane "has never walked away from it", and she usually licks the bowl clean. But before you get too far gone, Lola, just remember, the Dawg Grog can't love you back. [Foodbeast]


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25 Splendid Digital Art Illustrations for Inspiration
February 10, 2013 Design No Comments
Digital art illustrations encompasses a wide range of modern art forms created with the aid of powerful graphic software. It can be digital painting, a cartoon or character illustrations, 3D models or photo manipulations. Nowadays, digital art illustrations are common and they are used in advertising media such as posters and infographics; in magazines and many more.
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Obama to meet Japan PM to talk economy, security issues
WASHINGTON — When President Obama sits down on Friday with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, the conversation will focus primarily on trade and economic issues. But the two leaders will also dedicate plenty of time to two hot-button security issues.
Abe's visit to the White House comes as his country is gripped in a territorial dispute with China and days after North Korea conducted its third nuclear test despite stiff opposition from the USA and other allies.
On North Korea, Obama and Abe are more or less on the same page. Both quickly expressed support of new measures against Pyongyang by the U.N. Security Council after North Korea conducted its latest nuclear test on Feb. 12.
But on Tokyo and Beijing's ongoing dispute over disputed islands in the East China Sea (known as Senkaku in Japan and Diaoyu in China), the Obama administration has cautioned both sides to show restraint. The islands, which are under administrative control of Japan, are also claimed by Taiwan.
Over the years, there has been intermittent spats and heated rhetoric between the two countries over the islands. Last month, China agitated Japan when it announced it would carry out a geological survey of the islands as part of an effort to safeguard its "maritime rights and interests."
Both China and Japan have ships in waters around the eight uninhabited islands, which are rich fishing grounds and thought to contain oil deposits, leading to fears of a clash.
In the lead-up to his visit, Abe suggested in an interview with TheWashington Post that he wants the Obama administration to make clear to China that coercion on the issue is unacceptable.
But White House officials made clear Thursday that maintaining stability in the region is its top priority on the matter.
"I, frankly, am confident that both leaders (Obama and Abe) believe that constructive bilateral relations with China are important — are essential, frankly, for regional growth, and that managing differences is an important part of every bilateral relationship," said Danny Russel, White House National Security Council senior director for Asia.
"Sino-Japanese relations have significant impact on all of us and on all the countries in the region, so it's something that we all pay close attention to. The East China Sea and, frankly, the broader Asia-Pacific region is an area in which stability is in all of our interests."
Another issue that could come up in Friday's meetings is Abe's stance on a 1993 statement from the Japanese government apologizing for forcing about 200,000 women from neighboring countries into sexual servitude during World War II. The victims of the practice were known as "comfort women."
Soon after Abe's victory in December, one of his top deputies suggested that Abe would review the 1993 apology, but Abe subsequently said he would refrain from making further remarks on the matter.
Reps. Steve Israel, D-N.Y., and Mike Honda, D-Calif., wrote to Japan's envoy to Washington earlier this week expressing their concerns. "Japan's government must fully acknowledge, apologize and increase awareness of its history of comfort women," Israel said in a statement.
Russel added that "Obama knows full well that there are very sensitive legacy issues from the last century and believes that it's important to take steps to promote healing. "


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Screen Reader
A great performing joint venture of Bharat Petroleum, NRL was incorporated with an authorized share capital of Rupees 1,000 crores in 1993.
PLL was formed in April, 1998 for importing LNG and setting up LNG terminals with facilities like jetty, storage, regasification etc. to supply Natural Gas to various industries in the country. The Company has an authorised capital of ` 1,200 crores and paid up capital of ` 750 crores. PLL was promoted by four public sector companies viz. BPCL, Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOC), Oil and Natural Gas Limited (ONGC) and GAIL (India) Limited (GAIL). Each of the promoters holds 12.5% of the equity capital of PLL. PLL is a listed Company. BPCL's equity investment in PLL currently stands at ` 98.75 crores. As at 31st March, 2016, PLL had a consolidated net worth of ` 6,424.47 crore.
During the year 2015-16, PLL registered a consolidated Revenue from Operations of ` 27,222.95 crores as against ` 39,626.97 crores reported in 2014-15. The Company's net profit for the year is at ` 928.53 crores against ` 904.80 crores in the last year. It recorded an EPS of ` 12.39 during the year under review as against EPS of ` 12.06 in 2014-15. The PLL Board has recommended dividend of ` 2.50 per share for the Financial Year 2015-16 against ` 2.00 per share paid last year.
BPCL has 16% equity participation with an investment of ` 16 crores in PIL which was formed as a non-government financial holding Company to give impetus to the development of a pipeline network throughout the country. PIL has facilitated pipeline access on a common carrier principle through Joint Ventures for pipelines put up by them viz., Vadinar-Kandla, Kochi-Coimbatore-Karur and Mangalore - Hassan - Bangalore. PIL registered other income of ` 14.08 crores and a net profit of ` 13.72 crores for the Financial Year ending 31st March, 2016 as against other income of ` 1.54 crores and a net profit of ` 1.14 crores in the previous year.The changes in pipeline policy have affected the future of the Company as interested Companies are permitted to undertake pipeline projects.
PIL does not have any new projects in hand and is considered not viable. PIL has recently sold its 26% share in Petronet CCK Ltd to BPCL. Accordingly, the process of divesting PIL's 26% equity in the balance two Joint Venture Companies promoted by it is in progress. The Company would be wound up thereafter.
2019 Copyright Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited All Rights Reserved. Site by L & K | Saatchi & Saatchi


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John Getter / NBC News
Gerardo Gamboa, a Las Vegas taxi driver, returned $300,000 to a passenger.
A Vegas taxi driver who returned $300,000 left by a big-time poker player in his cab was rewarded for the good deed with $10,000 cash of his own.
Yellow Checker Star Cab Company CEO Bill Shranko said on Friday that the poker player, whom Las Vegas police would not identify, called to inquire about the driver who found his $300,000 and returned it.
Shranko said Gerardo Gamboa, the Yellow Checker Star cab driver with more than 13 years of experience in Las Vegas, was then rewarded with $10,000 by the caller.
The poker player had left a brown suit case stuffed with cash behind when Gamboa dropped him off on Monday at the $500-a-night Palms Place hotel and spa.
The doorman at Gamboa's next stop alerted him to the bag, and when the taxi driver opened it he pulled out about $50,000 in cash.
"It's all hundred-dollar bills. I said: 'Oh, my God! That's a lot of money in here!'" he said. "So I put back the money, and I called dispatch right away."
Gamboa said he immediately called his dispatcher and asked his next passenger to witness that he had not taken anything.
"Why? Because it [doesn't] belong to me," the honest driver told NBC affiliate KSNV on Tuesday. "I just want to do the right thing."
The taxi company has also rewarded Gamboa with the title Driver of the Year, $1,000 and a dinner for two at a pricey restaurant, The Las Vegas Sun reported.
Vegas cabbie, wanting 'to do the right thing,' turns in $300,000 left behind by gambler


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Paisios of Mount Athos
Elder Paisios (Eznepidis) was a very well-known monk on Mt Athos.
On July 25, Arsenios Eznepidis was born in Farasa, Cappadocia, shortly before the population exchange between Greece and Turkey. Arsenios' name was given to him by St Arsenios the Cappadocian, who baptised him, named the child for himself and foretold Arsenios' monastic future. After the exchange, the Eznepidis family settled in Konitsa, Epirus. Arsenios grew up here, and after intermediate public school, he learned carpentry.
During the civil war in Greece, Arsenios served as a radio operator. He worried about his compatriots who had family, whereas he didn't worry for himself because he was single and had no children. He was noted for his bravery, self-sacrifice and moral righteousness. After the civil war ended, he wanted to begin the monastic life, but had to provide for his sisters. In 1950, this was accomplished, and he went to Mt Athos: first to Fr Kyril, the future abbot of Koutloumousiou Monastery (Athos), and then to Esphigmenou Monastery (although he was not supportive of their later opposition to the Ecumenical Patriarchate).
Arsenios, having been a novice for four years, was tonsured a monk and was given the name Averkios. Soon after, Fr Averkios went to the (then) idiorrhythmic brotherhood of Philotheou, where his uncle was a monk. While there, he was in obedience to Elder Symeon. In 1956, Elder Symeon was to tonsure Fr Averkios to the small schema, giving him the name Paisios.
- 1958: Fr Paisios was asked to spend time in his home village to support the faithful against Protestantism.
- 1962: Fr Paisios went to Sinai.
- 1964: On his return to Mt Athos, Fr Paisios took up residence at the Skete of Iviron, then at Katounakia. His failing health may have led him to leave Katounakia.
- 1966: Fr Paisios had an operation, and part of his lungs were removed. During this time, his friendship with the sisterhood of St. John the Theologian, Souroti, began. Elder Paisios would place the relics of St Arsenios the Cappadocian in this monastery.
- 1968: Fr Paisios went to Stavronikita Monastery and helped in its spiritual and material renovation. While there, he was the disciple of Elder Tychon, who lived in the hermitage of the Holy Cross. Fr Paisios was then clothed in the Great Schema by Elder Tychon, and after Elder Tychon's repose, Fr Paisios resided in that hermitage.
- 1979: Elder Paisios moved to Panagouda, a hermitage belonging to Koutloumousiou Monastery. It was here that his fame grew. Between prayer and assisting his visitors, he only rested for two or three hours each night.
- 1993 Oct 5: Elder Paisios left Mt Athos for medical attention. Despite his wish to be gone only a few days, he was diagnosed with cancer, requiring immediate surgery. After recovery, he was transferred to the Monastery of St. John the Theologian, Souroti.
- Despite wishing to return to Mt Athos, his health did not allow it.
- 1994 Jul 12: Having received Communion the previous day, Elder Paisios reposed and was buried at the Monastery in Souroti, next to the church of St Arsenios the Cappadocian.
Asceticism: "The soft life makes people useless. Without toil and struggle sanctification won't come." -- in Precious Vessels of the Holy Spirit, p.139
Ecclesiology: "Unfortunately, in our days, there are many people who upset the mother Church. Of these, those that are educated have understood dogma with their minds and not with the spirit of the Holy Fathers. At the same time, those who are unlettered have grabbed hold of dogma with their teeth, which is why they grind their teeth when they speak about ecclesiastical topics. In this way, greater harm is caused by those in the Church than by those who battle it from without." -- in Precious Vessels of the Holy Spirit, p.131
Education: "One word of a humble and (spiritually) experienced man that is painfully born from the depths of his heart has greater worth than a bunch of clever sayings of an external man that come out quickly from his educated mouth. His words don't speak truth to the souls of men, for they are fleshly words and not the flames of the fire of Pentecost." -- in Precious Vessels of the Holy Spirit, p.134
Fleeing the world: "The monk flees far from the world, not because he detests the world, but because he loves the world and in this way he is better able to help the world through his prayer, in things that don't happen humanly but only through divine intervention. In this way God saves the world." -- in Precious Vessels of the Holy Spirit, p.132
Missions: "That which is asked of every Orthodox person is to instill a 'good uneasiness' into the heterodox, that they might understand that they are in delusion. This is so they will not falsely calm their conscience and thus be deprived in this life of the rich blessings of Orthodoxy and in the life to come of the even greater and eternal blessings of God." -- in Precious Vessels of the Holy Spirit, p.131-2
Prayer: "If you want to grab God's attention so He'll hear you during prayer, turn the dial to humility, for God always works in this frequency, then humbly ask for His mercy." -- in Precious Vessels of the Holy Spirit, p.137
Renouncing the world: "The monk is helped greatly when the monastery is far from the world, far from archeological sites and worldly noises. Even monasteries that are great sites of pilgrimage lose sight of their true goal, for many times from being a monastery they end up as a business." -- in Precious Vessels of the Holy Spirit, p.132-3
Translated into English
- Saint Arsenios the Cappadocian, translated into English and published in 1989 and 2001 by Holy Monastery "Evangelist John the Theologian", Souroti, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Elder Hadji-Georgis the Athonite, translated into English and published in 1996 by Holy Monastery "Evangelist John the Theologian", Souroti, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Athonite Fathers and Athonite Matters, translated into English and published in 1999 by Holy Monastery "Evangelist John the Theologian", Souroti, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Epistles, by Elder Paisios of Mount Athos, translated into English and published in Feb 2002 by Holy Monastery "Evangelist John the Theologian", Souroti, Thessaloniki, Greece; distributed in the U.S.A. by St. Herman of Alaska Monastery.
- Discourses 1: With Pain and Love for Contemporary Man.
Others, as yet untranslated
- Discourses 2 - Spiritual Wakefulness, 1999 & 2000.
- Discourses 3 - Spiritual Struggle, 2001.
- Discourses 4 and 5 (unknown titles).
Other sources
- Middleton, Herman A., 2004,"Elder Paisios the Athonite", in Precious Vessels of the Holy Spirit: The Lives & Counsels of Contemporary Elders of Greece, 2nd edn., Protecting Veil Press, Thessalonica, Greece [1]
- "Talks with Father Paisios", by Athanasios Rakovalis, published in Thessaloniki in 2000, distributed by St. Nicodemos Publications [2]
External link
Categories > Church History
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Categories > People > Monastics > Athonite Fathers
Categories > People > Monastics > Elders
Categories > People > Saints > Greek Saints
Categories > People > Saints > Saints by century > 20th-century saints
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Hurdle striving for stability with Pirates' lineup
PITTSBURGH -- Clint Hurdle has often talked admiringly of the 2012 Reds' starting rotation having included a quartet of 200-plus innings pitchers, viewing it as a key to their runaway NL Central title.
But perhaps the Pirates manager was also envious of the Reds' stable lineup, and has taken an early step to trying to keep up with it.
"There's something to be said for continuity, guys walking in and not having to look at the lineup [to see who is playing]," Hurdle said. "The more guys you have who can play every day, the better team you're going to have."
Hurdle was speaking generically, not about the Reds. But Cincinnati last season did have four players with over 490 at-bats (even with Joey Votto missing much of the season with a left-knee injury). The Bucs had a pair, Andrew McCutchen and Pedro Alvarez.
For Wednesday night's game against the Cubs and Edwin Jackson, Hurdle rolled out the identical lineup he deployed in Monday's opener against another right-hander, Jeff Samardzija.
All last season, Hurdle used the same lineup in back-to-back games only six times, and not before May 25-26. Only once was it the same lineup for three straight games, wrapped around the All-Star break. With left-hander Travis Wood going for Chicago in Thursday afternoon's series finale, that isn't going to happen yet.


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Burglary ring arrests in Mid-County
According to a news release from the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office, the agency has identified and arrested three adults and one juvenile involved in a Mid-County burglary ring. The arrests were the result of collaboration between the JCSO and the police departments of Nederland and Groves. JCSO Deputy Rod Carroll identified the suspects as 22-year-old Don McCray of Nederland, 20-year-old David Pennell of Nederland, 20-year-old Jonathon Miller of Nederland and an unidentified 16-year-old.
Franklin is being held on bonds for Burglary of Habitation, $15,000; and Marijuana Possession, $5,000. Pennell faces one charge of Burglary of Habitation, $15,000 bond. Miller has two charges of Burglary of Habitation, each carrying a $15,000 bond. Carroll said the juvenile's information is being withheld due to legal requirements.
"These individuals are responsible six Burglaries of Habitation (two in Groves, two in Nederland, two in Mid-County)," Carroll stated in the JCSO's official statement regarding the arrests. "Deputies acting on a tip from the Nederland Watchdog Facebook page were able to identify the suspects and recover a large amount of stolen property.
"Included in the stolen property were 16 guns, 10 flat screen TVs, and numerous computers. The total value of the stolen property was $20,000. The Jefferson County Sheriff's Office would like to thank the individuals that assisted us in locating and identifying this group," Carroll said.


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i donated 7.50€ (IBAN not paypal.)
This was almost 3 weeks ago and i also wrote 3 emails but i didnt got any feedback.....
I also sended a printscreen of the bank transaction... but i never got the link to download fpse.... or any answer.
i also tried to request the download through http://fpsece.net/request.htm
but nothing worked..