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Brutus 164 comments Posted by HCPS at Thursday, April 10, 2008
April 10, 1788
When great and extraordinary powers are vested in any man, or body of men, which in their exercise, may operate to the oppression of the people, it is of high importance that powerful checks should be formed to prevent the abuse of it.
Perhaps no restraints are more forcible, than such as arise from responsibility to some superior power. — Hence it is that the true policy of a republican government is, to frame it in such manner, that all persons who are concerned in the government, are made accountable to some superior for their conduct in office. — This responsibility should ultimately rest with the People. To have a government well administered in all its parts, it is requisite the different departments of it should be separated and lodged as much as may be in different hands. The legislative power should be in one body, the executive in another, and the judicial in one different from either — But still each of these bodies should be accountable for their conduct. Hence it is impracticable, perhaps, to maintain a perfect distinction between these several departments — For it is difficult, if not impossible, to call to account the several officers in government, without in some degree mixing the legislative and judicial. The legislature in a free republic are chosen by the people at stated periods, and their responsibility consists, in their being amenable to the people. When the term, for which they are chosen, shall expire, who will then have opportunity to displace them if they disapprove of their conduct — but it would be improper that the judicial should be elective, because their business requires that they should possess a degree of law knowledge, which is acquired only by a regular education, and besides it is fit that they should be placed, in a certain degree in an independent situation, that they may maintain firmness and steadiness in their decisions. As the people therefore ought not to elect the judges, they cannot be amenable to them immediately, some other mode of amenability must therefore be devised for these, as well as for all other officers which do not spring from the immediate choice of the people: this is to be effected by making one court subordinate to another, and by giving them cognizance of the behaviour of all officers; but on this plan we at last arrive at some supreme, over whom there is no power to controul but the people themselves. This supreme controling power should be in the choice of the people, or else you establish an authority independent, and not amenable at all, which is repugnant to the principles of a free government. Agreeable to these principles I suppose the supreme judicial ought to be liable to be called to account, for any misconduct, by some body of men, who depend upon the people for their places; and so also should all other great officers in the State, who are not made amenable to some superior officers. This policy seems in some measure to have been in view of the framers of the new system, and to have given rise to the institution of a court of impeachments — How far this Court will be properly qualified to execute the trust which will be reposed in them, will be the business of a future paper to investigate. To prepare the way to do this, it shall be the business of this, to make some remarks upon the constitution and powers of the Senate, with whom the power of trying impeachments is lodged.
The following things may be observed with respect to the constitution of the Senate.
1st. They are to be elected by the legislatures of the States and not by the people, and each State is to be represented by an equal number.
2d. They are to serve for six years, except that one third of those first chosen are to go out of office at the expiration of two years, one third at the expiration of four years, and one third at the expiration of six years, after which this rotation is to be preserved, but still every member will serve for the term of six years.
3d. If vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the executive is authorised to make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature.
4. No person can be a senator who has not arrived to the age of thirty years, been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who is not at the time he is elected an inhabitant of the State for which he is elected.
The apportionment of members of Senate among the States is not according to numbers, or the importance of the States; but is equal. This, on the plan of a consolidated government, is unequal and improper; but is proper on the system of confederation — on this principle I approve of it. It is indeed the only feature of any importance in the constitution of a confederated government. It was obtained after a vigorous struggle of that part of the Convention who were in favor of preserving the state governments. It is to be regretted, that they were not able to have infused other principles into the plan, to have secured the government of the respective states, and to have marked with sufficient precision the line between them and the general government.
The term for which the senate are to be chosen, is in my judgment too long, and no provision being made for a rotation will, I conceive, be of dangerous consequence.
It is difficult to fix the precise period for which the senate should be chosen. It is a matter of opinion, and our sentiments on the matter must be formed, by attending to certain principles. Some of the duties which are to be performed by the senate, seem evidently to point out the propriety of their term of service being extended beyond the period of that of the assembly. Besides as they are designed to represent the aristocracy of the country, it seems fit they should possess more stability, and so continue a longer period than that branch who represent the democracy. The business of making treaties and some other which it will be proper to commit to the senate, requires that they should have experience, and therefore that they should remain some time in office to acquire it. — But still it is of equal importance that they should not be so long in office as to be likely to forget the hand that formed them, or be insensible of their interests. Men long in office are very apt to feel themselves independent [and] to form and pursue interests separate from those who appointed them. And this is more likely to be the case with the senate, as they will for the most part of the time be absent from the state they represent, and associate with such company as will possess very little of the feelings of the middling class of people. For it is to be remembered that there is to be a federal city, and the inhabitants of it will be the great and the mighty of the earth. For these reasons I would shorten the term of their service to four years. Six years is a long period for a man to be absent from his home, it would have a tendency to wean him from his constituents.
A rotation in the senate, would also in my opinion be of great use. It is probable that senators once chosen for a state will, as the system now stands, continue in office for life. The office will be honorable if not lucrative. The persons who occupy it will probably wish to continue in it, and therefore use all their influence and that of their friends to continue in office. — Their friends will be numerous and powerful, for they will have it in their power to confer great favors; besides it will before long be considered as disgraceful not to be re-elected. It will therefore be considered as a matter of delicacy to the character of the senator not to return him again. — Every body acquainted with public affairs knows how difficult it is to remove from office a person who is [has?] long been in it. It is seldom done except in cases of gross misconduct. It is rare that want of competent ability procures it. To prevent this inconvenience I conceive it would be wise to determine, that a senator should not be eligible after he had served for the period assigned by the constitution for a certain number of years; perhaps three would be sufficient. A farther benefit would be derived from such an arrangement; it would give opportunity to bring forward a greater number of men to serve their country, and would return those, who had served, to their state, and afford them the advantage of becoming better acquainted with the condition and politics of their constituents. It farther appears to me proper, that the legislatures should retain the right which they now hold under the confederation, of recalling their members. It seems an evident dictate of reason, that when a person authorises another to do a piece of business for him, he should retain the power to displace him, when he does not conduct according to his pleasure. This power in the state legislatures, under confederation, has not been exercised to the injury of the government, nor do I see any danger of its being so exercised under the new system. It may operate much to the public benefit.
These brief remarks are all I shall make on the organization of the senate. The powers with which they are invested will require a more minute investigation.
This body will possess a strange mixture of legislative, executive and judicial powers, which in my opinion will in some cases clash with each other.
1. They are one branch of the legislature, and in this respect will possess equal powers in all cases with the house of representatives; for I consider the clause which gives the house of representatives the right of originating bills for raising a revenue as merely nominal, seeing the senate be authorised to propose or concur with amendments.
2. They are a branch of the executive in the appointment of ambassadors and public ministers, and in the appointment of all other officers, not otherwise provided for; whether the forming of treaties, in which they are joined with the president, appertains to the legislative or the executive part of the government, or to neither, is not material.
3. They are part of the judicial, for they form the court of impeachments. It has been a long established maxim, that the legislative, executive and judicial departments in government should be kept distinct. It is said, I know, that this cannot be done. And therefore that this maxim is not just, or at least that it should only extend to certain leading features in a government. I admit that this distinction cannot be perfectly preserved. In a due ballanced government, it is perhaps absolutely necessary to give the executive qualified legislative powers, and the legislative or a branch of them judicial powers in the last resort. It may possibly also, in some special cases, be adviseable to associate the legislature, or a branch of it, with the executive, in the exercise of acts of great national importance. But still the maxim is a good one, and a separation of these powers should be sought as far as is practicable. I can scarcely imagine that any of the advocates of the system will pretend, that it was necessary to accumulate all these powers in the senate.
There is a propriety in the senate's possessing legislative powers; this is the principal end which should be held in view in their appointment. I need not here repeat what has so often and ably been advanced on the subject of a division of the legislative power into two branches — The arguments in favor of it I think conclusive. But I think it equally evident, that a branch of the legislature should not be invested with the power of appointing officers. This power in the senate is very improperly lodged for a number of reasons — These shall be detailed in a future number.
The Federalist No. 77 - The Appointing Power Continued and Other Powers of the Executive Considered3 comments Posted by PUBLIUS at Friday, April 04, 2008
To the People of the State of New York:
IT HAS been mentioned as one of the advantages to be expected from the co-operation of the Senate, in the business of appointments, that it would contribute to the stability of the administration. The consent of that body would be necessary to displace as well as to appoint. A change of the Chief Magistrate, therefore, would not occasion so violent or so general a revolution in the officers of the government as might be expected, if he were the sole disposer of offices. Where a man in any station had given satisfactory evidence of his fitness for it, a new President would be restrained from attempting a change in favor of a person more agreeable to him, by the apprehension that a discountenance of the Senate might frustrate the attempt, and bring some degree of discredit upon himself. Those who can best estimate the value of a steady administration, will be most disposed to prize a provision which connects the official existence of public men with the approbation or disapprobation of that body which, from the greater permanency of its own composition, will in all probability be less subject to inconstancy than any other member of the government.
To this union of the Senate with the President, in the article of appointments, it has in some cases been suggested that it would serve to give the President an undue influence over the Senate, and in others that it would have an opposite tendency, a strong proof that neither suggestion is true.
To state the first in its proper form, is to refute it. It amounts to this: the President would have an improper INFLUENCE OVER the Senate, because the Senate would have the power of RESTRAINING him. This is an absurdity in terms. It cannot admit of a doubt that the entire power of appointment would enable him much more effectually to establish a dangerous empire over that body, than a mere power of nomination subject to their control.
Let us take a view of the converse of the proposition: "the Senate would influence the Executive.'' As I have had occasion to remark in several other instances, the indistinctness of the objection forbids a precise answer. In what manner is this influence to be exerted? In relation to what objects? The power of influencing a person, in the sense in which it is here used, must imply a power of conferring a benefit upon him. How could the Senate confer a benefit upon the President by the manner of employing their right of negative upon his nominations? If it be said they might sometimes gratify him by an acquiescence in a favorite choice, when public motives might dictate a different conduct, I answer, that the instances in which the President could be personally interested in the result, would be too few to admit of his being materially affected by the compliances of the Senate. The POWER which can ORIGINATE the disposition of honors and emoluments, is more likely to attract than to be attracted by the POWER which can merely obstruct their course. If by influencing the President be meant RESTRAINING him, this is precisely what must have been intended. And it has been shown that the restraint would be salutary, at the same time that it would not be such as to destroy a single advantage to be looked for from the uncontrolled agency of that Magistrate. The right of nomination would produce all the good of that of appointment, and would in a great measure avoid its evils. Upon a comparison of the plan for the appointment of the officers of the proposed government with that which is established by the constitution of this State, a decided preference must be given to the former. In that plan the power of nomination is unequivocally vested in the Executive. And as there would be a necessity for submitting each nomination to the judgment of an entire branch of the legislature, the circumstances attending an appointment, from the mode of conducting it, would naturally become matters of notoriety; and the public would be at no loss to determine what part had been performed by the different actors. The blame of a bad nomination would fall upon the President singly and absolutely. The censure of rejecting a good one would lie entirely at the door of the Senate; aggravated by the consideration of their having counteracted the good intentions of the Executive. If an ill appointment should be made, the Executive for nominating, and the Senate for approving, would participate, though in different degrees, in the opprobrium and disgrace.
The reverse of all this characterizes the manner of appointment in this State. The council of appointment consists of from three to five persons, of whom the governor is always one. This small body, shut up in a private apartment, impenetrable to the public eye, proceed to the execution of the trust committed to them. It is known that the governor claims the right of nomination, upon the strength of some ambiguous expressions in the constitution; but it is not known to what extent, or in what manner he exercises it; nor upon what occasions he is contradicted or opposed. The censure of a bad appointment, on account of the uncertainty of its author, and for want of a determinate object, has neither poignancy nor duration. And while an unbounded field for cabal and intrigue lies open, all idea of responsibility is lost. The most that the public can know, is that the governor claims the right of nomination; that TWO out of the inconsiderable number of FOUR men can too often be managed without much difficulty; that if some of the members of a particular council should happen to be of an uncomplying character, it is frequently not impossible to get rid of their opposition by regulating the times of meeting in such a manner as to render their attendance inconvenient; and that from whatever cause it may proceed, a great number of very improper appointments are from time to time made. Whether a governor of this State avails himself of the ascendant he must necessarily have, in this delicate and important part of the administration, to prefer to offices men who are best qualified for them, or whether he prostitutes that advantage to the advancement of persons whose chief merit is their implicit devotion to his will, and to the support of a despicable and dangerous system of personal influence, are questions which, unfortunately for the community, can only be the subjects of speculation and conjecture.
Every mere council of appointment, however constituted, will be a conclave, in which cabal and intrigue will have their full scope. Their number, without an unwarrantable increase of expense, cannot be large enough to preclude a facility of combination. And as each member will have his friends and connections to provide for, the desire of mutual gratification will beget a scandalous bartering of votes and bargaining for places. The private attachments of one man might easily be satisfied; but to satisfy the private attachments of a dozen, or of twenty men, would occasion a monopoly of all the principal employments of the government in a few families, and would lead more directly to an aristocracy or an oligarchy than any measure that could be contrived. If, to avoid an accumulation of offices, there was to be a frequent change in the persons who were to compose the council, this would involve the mischiefs of a mutable administration in their full extent. Such a council would also be more liable to executive influence than the Senate, because they would be fewer in number, and would act less immediately under the public inspection. Such a council, in fine, as a substitute for the plan of the convention, would be productive of an increase of expense, a multiplication of the evils which spring from favoritism and intrigue in the distribution of public honors, a decrease of stability in the administration of the government, and a diminution of the security against an undue influence of the Executive. And yet such a council has been warmly contended for as an essential amendment in the proposed Constitution.
I could not with propriety conclude my observations on the subject of appointments without taking notice of a scheme for which there have appeared some, though but few advocates; I mean that of uniting the House of Representatives in the power of making them. I shall, however, do little more than mention it, as I cannot imagine that it is likely to gain the countenance of any considerable part of the community. A body so fluctuating and at the same time so numerous, can never be deemed proper for the exercise of that power. Its unfitness will appear manifest to all, when it is recollected that in half a century it may consist of three or four hundred persons. All the advantages of the stability, both of the Executive and of the Senate, would be defeated by this union, and infinite delays and embarrassments would be occasioned. The example of most of the States in their local constitutions encourages us to reprobate the idea.
The only remaining powers of the Executive are comprehended in giving information to Congress of the state of the Union; in recommending to their consideration such measures as he shall judge expedient; in convening them, or either branch, upon extraordinary occasions; in adjourning them when they cannot themselves agree upon the time of adjournment; in receiving ambassadors and other public ministers; in faithfully executing the laws; and in commissioning all the officers of the United States.
Except some cavils about the power of convening EITHER house of the legislature, and that of receiving ambassadors, no objection has been made to this class of authorities; nor could they possibly admit of any. It required, indeed, an insatiable avidity for censure to invent exceptions to the parts which have been excepted to. In regard to the power of convening either house of the legislature, I shall barely remark, that in respect to the Senate at least, we can readily discover a good reason for it. AS this body has a concurrent power with the Executive in the article of treaties, it might often be necessary to call it together with a view to this object, when it would be unnecessary and improper to convene the House of Representatives. As to the reception of ambassadors, what I have said in a former paper will furnish a sufficient answer.
We have now completed a survey of the structure and powers of the executive department, which, I have endeavored to show, combines, as far as republican principles will admit, all the requisites to energy. The remaining inquiry is: Does it also combine the requisites to safety, in a republican sense, a due dependence on the people, a due responsibility? The answer to this question has been anticipated in the investigation of its other characteristics, and is satisfactorily deducible from these circumstances; from the election of the President once in four years by persons immediately chosen by the people for that purpose; and from his being at all times liable to impeachment, trial, dismission from office, incapacity to serve in any other, and to forfeiture of life and estate by subsequent prosecution in the common course of law. But these precautions, great as they are, are not the only ones which the plan of the convention has provided in favor of the public security. In the only instances in which the abuse of the executive authority was materially to be feared, the Chief Magistrate of the United States would, by that plan, be subjected to the control of a branch of the legislative body. What more could be desired by an enlightened and reasonable people?
Labels: Federalist Papers
The Federalist No. 76 - The Appointing Power of the Executive0 comments Posted by PUBLIUS at Tuesday, April 01, 2008
To the People of the State of New York:
THE President is "to NOMINATE, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not otherwise provided for in the Constitution. But the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper, in the President alone, or in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. The President shall have power to fill up ALL VACANCIES which may happen DURING THE RECESS OF THE SENATE, by granting commissions which shall EXPIRE at the end of their next session.''
It has been observed in a former paper, that "the true test of a good government is its aptitude and tendency to produce a good administration.'' If the justness of this observation be admitted, the mode of appointing the officers of the United States contained in the foregoing clauses, must, when examined, be allowed to be entitled to particular commendation. It is not easy to conceive a plan better calculated than this to promote a judicious choice of men for filling the offices of the Union; and it will not need proof, that on this point must essentially depend the character of its administration.
It will be agreed on all hands, that the power of appointment, in ordinary cases, ought to be modified in one of three ways. It ought either to be vested in a single man, or in a SELECT assembly of a moderate number; or in a single man, with the concurrence of such an assembly. The exercise of it by the people at large will be readily admitted to be impracticable; as waiving every other consideration, it would leave them little time to do anything else. When, therefore, mention is made in the subsequent reasonings of an assembly or body of men, what is said must be understood to relate to a select body or assembly, of the description already given. The people collectively, from their number and from their dispersed situation, cannot be regulated in their movements by that systematic spirit of cabal and intrigue, which will be urged as the chief objections to reposing the power in question in a body of men.
Those who have themselves reflected upon the subject, or who have attended to the observations made in other parts of these papers, in relation to the appointment of the President, will, I presume, agree to the position, that there would always be great probability of having the place supplied by a man of abilities, at least respectable. Premising this, I proceed to lay it down as a rule, that one man of discernment is better fitted to analyze and estimate the peculiar qualities adapted to particular offices, than a body of men of equal or perhaps even of superior discernment.
The sole and undivided responsibility of one man will naturally beget a livelier sense of duty and a more exact regard to reputation. He will, on this account, feel himself under stronger obligations, and more interested to investigate with care the qualities requisite to the stations to be filled, and to prefer with impartiality the persons who may have the fairest pretensions to them. He will have FEWER personal attachments to gratify, than a body of men who may each be supposed to have an equal number; and will be so much the less liable to be misled by the sentiments of friendship and of affection. A single well-directed man, by a single understanding, cannot be distracted and warped by that diversity of views, feelings, and interests, which frequently distract and warp the resolutions of a collective body. There is nothing so apt to agitate the passions of mankind as personal considerations whether they relate to ourselves or to others, who are to be the objects of our choice or preference. Hence, in every exercise of the power of appointing to offices, by an assembly of men, we must expect to see a full display of all the private and party likings and dislikes, partialities and antipathies, attachments and animosities, which are felt by those who compose the assembly. The choice which may at any time happen to be made under such circumstances, will of course be the result either of a victory gained by one party over the other, or of a compromise between the parties. In either case, the intrinsic merit of the candidate will be too often out of sight. In the first, the qualifications best adapted to uniting the suffrages of the party, will be more considered than those which fit the person for the station. In the last, the coalition will commonly turn upon some interested equivalent: "Give us the man we wish for this office, and you shall have the one you wish for that.'' This will be the usual condition of the bargain. And it will rarely happen that the advancement of the public service will be the primary object either of party victories or of party negotiations.
The truth of the principles here advanced seems to have been felt by the most intelligent of those who have found fault with the provision made, in this respect, by the convention. They contend that the President ought solely to have been authorized to make the appointments under the federal government. But it is easy to show, that every advantage to be expected from such an arrangement would, in substance, be derived from the power of NOMINATION, which is proposed to be conferred upon him; while several disadvantages which might attend the absolute power of appointment in the hands of that officer would be avoided. In the act of nomination, his judgment alone would be exercised; and as it would be his sole duty to point out the man who, with the approbation of the Senate, should fill an office, his responsibility would be as complete as if he were to make the final appointment. There can, in this view, be no difference others, who are to be the objects of our choice or preference. Hence, in every exercise of the power of appointing to offices, by an assembly of men, we must expect to see a full display of all the private and party likings and dislikes, partialities and antipathies, attachments and animosities, which are felt by those who compose the assembly. The choice which may at any time happen to be made under such circumstances, will of course be the result either of a victory gained by one party over the other, or of a compromise between the parties. In either case, the intrinsic merit of the candidate will be too often out of sight. In the first, the qualifications best adapted to uniting the suffrages of the party, will be more considered than those which fit the person for the station. In the last, the coalition will commonly turn upon some interested equivalent: "Give us the man we wish for this office, and you shall have the one you wish for that.'' This will be the usual condition of the bargain. And it will rarely happen that the advancement of the public service will be the primary object either of party victories or of party negotiations.
The truth of the principles here advanced seems to have been felt by the most intelligent of those who have found fault with the provision made, in this respect, by the convention. They contend that the President ought solely to have been authorized to make the appointments under the federal government. But it is easy to show, that every advantage to be expected from such an arrangement would, in substance, be derived from the power of NOMINATION, which is proposed to be conferred upon him; while several disadvantages which might attend the absolute power of appointment in the hands of that officer would be avoided. In the act of nomination, his judgment alone would be exercised; and as it would be his sole duty to point out the man who, with the approbation of the Senate, should fill an office, his responsibility would be as complete as if he were to make the final appointment. There can, in this view, be no difference between nominating and appointing. The same motives which would influence a proper discharge of his duty in one case, would exist in the other. And as no man could be appointed but on his previous nomination, every man who might be appointed would be, in fact, his choice.
But might not his nomination be overruled? I grant it might, yet this could only be to make place for another nomination by himself. The person ultimately appointed must be the object of his preference, though perhaps not in the first degree. It is also not very probable that his nomination would often be overruled. The Senate could not be tempted, by the preference they might feel to another, to reject the one proposed; because they could not assure themselves, that the person they might wish would be brought forward by a second or by any subsequent nomination. They could not even be certain, that a future nomination would present a candidate in any degree more acceptable to them; and as their dissent might cast a kind of stigma upon the individual rejected, and might have the appearance of a reflection upon the judgment of the chief magistrate, it is not likely that their sanction would often be refused, where there were not special and strong reasons for the refusal.
To what purpose then require the co-operation of the Senate? I answer, that the necessity of their concurrence would have a powerful, though, in general, a silent operation. It would be an excellent check upon a spirit of favoritism in the President, and would tend greatly to prevent the appointment of unfit characters from State prejudice, from family connection, from personal attachment, or from a view to popularity. In addition to this, it would be an efficacious source of stability in the administration.
It will readily be comprehended, that a man who had himself the sole disposition of offices, would be governed much more by his private inclinations and interests, than when he was bound to submit the propriety of his choice to the discussion and determination of a different and independent body, and that body an entier branch of the legislature. The possibility of rejection would be a strong motive to care in proposing. The danger to his own reputation, and, in the case of an elective magistrate, to his political existence, from betraying a spirit of favoritism, or an unbecoming pursuit of popularity, to the observation of a body whose opinion would have great weight in forming that of the public, could not fail to operate as a barrier to the one and to the other. He would be both ashamed and afraid to bring forward, for the most distinguished or lucrative stations, candidates who had no other merit than that of coming from the same State to which he particularly belonged, or of being in some way or other personally allied to him, or of possessing the necessary insignificance and pliancy to render them the obsequious instruments of his pleasure.
To this reasoning it has been objected that the President, by the influence of the power of nomination, may secure the complaisance of the Senate to his views. This supposition of universal venalty in human nature is little less an error in political reasoning, than the supposition of universal rectitude. The institution of delegated power implies, that there is a portion of virtue and honor among mankind, which may be a reasonable foundation of confidence; and experience justifies the theory. It has been found to exist in the most corrupt periods of the most corrupt governments. The venalty of the British House of Commons has been long a topic of accusation against that body, in the country to which they belong as well as in this; and it cannot be doubted that the charge is, to a considerable extent, well founded. But it is as little to be doubted, that there is always a large proportion of the body, which consists of independent and public-spirited men, who have an influential weight in the councils of the nation. Hence it is (the present reign not excepted) that the sense of that body is often seen to control the inclinations of the monarch, both with regard to men and to measures. Though it might therefore be allowable to suppose that the Executive might occasionally influence some individuals in the Senate, yet the supposition, that he could in general purchase the integrity of the whole body, would be forced and improbable. A man disposed to view human nature as it is, without either flattering its virtues or exaggerating its vices, will see sufficient ground of confidence in the probity of the Senate, to rest satisfied, not only that it will be impracticable to the Executive to corrupt or seduce a majority of its members, but that the necessity of its co-operation, in the business of appointments, will be a considerable and salutary restraint upon the conduct of that magistrate. Nor is the integrity of the Senate the only reliance. The Constitution has provided some important guards against the danger of executive influence upon the legislative body: it declares that "No senator or representative shall during the time FOR WHICH HE WAS ELECTED, be appointed to any civil office under the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time; and no person, holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office.''
Labels: Federalist Papers


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CSU leads returning MWC teams in recruiting race
It's that time of year when for four weeks I obsessively check rivals.com and scout.com every half hour for any trends, commitments, de-commitments and assorted other time-killers. Then I get my life back and return to clicking status updates from fifth-grade classmates on Facebook.
There are some interesting numbers on the rivals.com Mountain West football recruiting site. Not surprisingly departing TCU, Utah and BYU lead the league. Utah and BYU are gone next year and by the time Gary Patterson redshirts this class, the Horned Frogs will be in the Big East and not beating up on Front Range teams.
Here's the surprise in very preliminary numbers: Colorado State, which finished last and tied for sixth in the standings over the last two years, leads all current returning MWC teams. The Rams have 11 three-star commits in an 18-man class.
The surprise is San Diego State, considered the most likely team to rush into the void created by the three defectors, is below CSU. The Aztecs have nine three-star commits, a number that can be assembled within an hour's drive from that campus.
The only cloud on San Diego State's horizon: Brady Hoke remains a name on coaching hot lists.
Among incoming teams from the WAC, Boise State leads with 11 three-star commitments. Fresno State, Hawaii and Nevada are third, fourth and sixth in the WAC. All join the MWC in 2012.

subset: commoncrawl


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From skydiving to cycling and dressing up to baking, our supporters do amazing things every year to raise money for Roald Dahl's Marvellous Children's Charity.
Whatever takes your fancy, you can do something marvellous to help seriously ill children.
We have lots of ideas to choose from - join in with a challenge event, the Dahlicious Dress Up Day or come up with your own fundraising idea.
Fizzy lifting drinks at the ready - the sky's the limit!


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SVOTS Dean Celebrates 101st Anniversary of PA Parish
November 7, 2010
Our Dean, Archpriest John Behr, recently helped celebrate the 101st anniversary and Feast Day of St. Michael Orthodox Church in Jermyn, PA. His Grace Tikhon, bishop of Philadelphia and Eastern Pennsylvania, presided at the Divine Liturgy, concelebrating with Fr. Behr and Archpriest John Kowalczyk, rector, and Archpriest Eugene Pianovich. Fr. Behr offered his hearty congratulations to the parish at the banquet that followed the service.
[Photos: courtesy of Sub-Deacon Vasily Gardecki and the Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania]


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Inkwells, of course, held ink. Ready-made ink was first made about 1836 and was sold in bottles. The desk inkwell had a narrow hole so the pen would not slip inside. Inkwells were made of many materials, such as pottery, glass, pewter, and silver. Many inkwells are from the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Look in these categories for more listings of inkwells.
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Tooth Extracting Forceps #1 | Oral Surgery Instruments
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Tooth Extracting Forceps #1 | Oral Surgery Instruments
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Ex Tax: $39.95
Price in reward points: 400
Tooth Extracting Forceps #1
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Product Name Tooth Extracting Forceps #1
Product Code C-0214
Condition New
Warranty Life time
Material Stainless Steel High Grade
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- All instruments are hand made, precise, durable and professionally crafted.
- All our instruments are guaranteed for no rust.


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Every week -- often with your help -- FOOD52's Senior Editor Kristen Miglore is unearthing recipes that are nothing short of genius.
Today: Take one head of cauliflower. Add almost nothing. Serves two.
Cauliflower has all kinds of noble ends -- sleek soups, fritters, "couscous" -- but its most impressive feat yet is hidden away inside.
If you carve two inch-thick planks from a cauliflower's middle, not only do these cross-sections hold together much better than you'd think, they look like a tree! A beautiful little oak you can fry up like a steak and eat.
There are plenty of cauliflower steaks out there on the internet, but I'm partial to this recipe from farm-to-table genius Dan Barber -- true to his mission, it's the fullest celebration of cauliflower's talents.
He sears the steaks in a little vegetable oil, salt, and pepper and finishes roasting them in the oven, which gives them a deep brown crust. The remains of the cauliflower becomes florets that are simmered till soft in water and milk, then blitzed into a weightless white cloud.
He uses every part of the buffalo, as they say, and adds almost nothing to distract you. The cauliflower's sweet, subtle flavors are unobscured; its textures are at their best. He brings together the nutty crisped edges you get from roasting, and the unearthly creaminess of a purée (remember, whipping up cauliflower's natural pectin turns it creamy even without dairy).
Of course, you could just make one part of this recipe or the other. If you wanted to stick with the steaks and top them with olive relish or gremolata, I for one have no problem keeping a tupperware of squeaky florets in the fridge for a satisfyingly punishing snack. But there is something deeply appealing about slashing through your slab of cauliflower, and plunging it into the downy bed of puree -- like a chicken-fried steak surrendering to its cream gravy.
How to serve it? I admit it's not exactly a complete meal. So add a salad, maybe with some lentils or meaty lardons. Or serve it as a first course at a dinner party, before winey braised short ribs or a shank of some sort.Or maybe with a side of cauliflower. Just kidding.
Dan Barber's Cauliflower Steaks with Cauliflower Purée
Recipe adapted from Bon Appétit (February 2008)
Serves 2
One 1 1/2-pound head of cauliflower1 1/2 cups water1 cup whole milk2 tablespoons vegetable oil plus additional for brushingSalt and freshly ground pepper
See the full recipe (and save and print it) here.
Got a genius recipe to share -- from a classic cookbook, an online source, or anywhere, really? Please send it my way (and tell me what's so smart about it) at [email protected].
Photos by James Ransom
More ways to work a cauliflower:
Roasted with Gremolata Crumbs
Paul Bertolli's Cauliflower Soup
Moorish Paella
The Genius Desserts cookbook is here! With more than 100 of the most beloved and talked-about desserts of our time (and the hidden gems soon to join their ranks) this book will make you a local legend, and a smarter baker to boot.
See what other Food52 readers are saying.


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|Assistant Athletic Director - Communications
|(478) 445-1779
|12th Season
|Previous College:
|Kent State '00
The Georgia College Department of Athletics and Director of Athletics Wendell Staton announced the promotion of Al Weston to Assistant Athletic Director for Communications in August 2015. Weston has served Georgia College for nine years as the school's Sports Information Director.
"Al is incredibly talented, has a great work ethic that produces results, and has the respect of our staff and the University community as he is a leader in the communications field that is constantly changing," said Staton. "This title change not only reflects those changes and additional duties added over the years, but it is a reflection of the value he adds to our University. Al is a key member of our administrative team and provides valuable counsel for the vision of our department. I look forward to working with Al for many years and appreciate his efforts for Georgia College."
The GC Sports Information office, in which Weston is the lone full-time employee, was named Peach Belt Conference (PBC) Sports Information Staff of the Year for 2014-15.
Under Weston's guidance over his nine seasons, Bobcat Athletics has launched a new athletic web site at GCBobcats.com, has developed a top-tier social media influence through all formats, and has been a leader in live streaming of all home athletic events with HD quality graphics and video. He has also helped promote the launch of the school's 11th varsity sport, as Volleyball was added in 2013.
Weston is a graduate of Kent State University with an undergrad in public relations and a master's in sport and recreation management. During his master's program, Weston joined the sports information office for the Division I Golden Flashes, serving as contact for field hockey, cross country and preseason women's basketball.
After graduation from KSU, he served as the Sports Information Director at Division II Lock Haven University, promoting all 18 varsity sports. The Bald Eagles have Division I Wrestling and Field Hockey, and also won a National Championship in Softball during Weston's two seasons.
Weston is a member of the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA), and is a District Coordinator for the Capital One Academic All-America Program as well as a region coordinator for the D2CCA Division II All-America Program. Weston also served on the NCAA Division II Selection Committee for Women's Tennis.
Weston and his wife, Erin have two children Torin and Alan; the Westons live in Gordon.


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Motorists are being advised to avoid the M62 after a three-car crash between Brighouse and Chain Bar.
The crash this afternoon has caused rush-hour traffic chaos after the road between junction 25-26 has been closed by emergency services.
Police, ambulance and the fire service are at the scene and are working to re-open the road asap.


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Sequestration: Where will cuts hit?
When it comes to sequestration, President Barack Obama and most lawmakers would prefer to just not go there.
That's especially true in talking about how the administration would go about implementing the first installment of about $100 billion in across-the-board spending cuts set to go into effect Jan. 2 absent a last-minute deal with Congress to avert them.
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Searching anxiously for answers are defense contractors, teachers, health care workers and, for that matter, all Americans who rely on government services like meat inspectors, airport baggage screeners and national park rangers.
But as they wait for the White House and House Speaker John Boehner's office to show sign of progress, some of the most basic questions linger about what happens to government operations if talks break down. And budget experts say there's good reason for the information vacuum.
"This is virgin territory," said Jim Dyer, a Republican who was House Appropriations Committee staff director. "We've not been here before."
In the spirit of at least talking about uncomfortable things, here's a look at five key questions surrounding sequestration:
Who's in charge?
Introducing Jeffrey Zients.
He's a multimillionaire former CEO with a pedigree in making government more efficient. For the purposes of the fiscal cliff, he's also the acting director of the White House Office of Management and Budget, meaning he'll be the one making many key decisions and writing critical guidance memos explaining what the government agencies should do if sequestration starts.
While White House aides have insisted for months that they weren't planning for this scenario, Zients has been told to get started — just in case. That's meant sending warnings to budget officers and legal counsel across the government ordering them to start crunching their own numbers ahead of the fiscal cliff deadline.
One of Zients's toughest calls will involve how much wiggle room to give agencies when they apply the across-the-board cuts to their programs, projects and activities.
Most agencies will want considerable discretion to decide what's best for them within each of those broadly defined categories. But it's far from clear that OMB will let them have it.
How specific will OMB and the agencies be?
Zients is likely to issue a report as early as Jan. 3 — the day after sequestration would take effect — explaining a good bit about implementation of the spending cuts.
What's clear now is that the Budget Control Act, which passed last year, prompting this entire process, included specific percentages for agencies to cut over the next decade in order to reach total savings of $1.2 trillion: a 9.4 percent reduction for most parts of the Pentagon and 8.2 percent drop for most discretionary nondefense agencies.
There are also some exemptions, including for military personnel and the Defense Department, which has the freedom to shuffle money around for war and military readiness. But the cuts are sure to hurt, especially now because the first installment needs to be squeezed into the final nine months of the current fiscal year.


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Sea Turtle Goes The Distance
A leatherback sea turtle tracked by satellite tagging was reported to have traveled from Jamursba-Medi, Indonesia to the coast of Oregon-a total of 12,774 miles-over the course of 647 days. National Marine Fisheries Service scientists report that the leatherback's journey is the longest ever to have been recorded for any ocean-going vertebrate, according to an article in The State of the World's Sea Turtles magazine, launched by Conservation International and the IUCN Marine Turtle Specialist Group.
Climate Change Devastates Seal Pup Population
The Baltic Sea has experienced its warmest winter since records began to be kept in 1720, and approximately 500 baby ring seals living north of Germany have died as a result. Ring seals, which are listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union, normally give birth on sea ice and care for their pups for about 40 days.
Because ice floes are melting more quickly, the pups are leaving the birthing lairs and entering the water before they are ready. Unprepared to take care of themselves and without enough blubber to stay warm, the animals often starve and die. Additionally, the lack of ice floes has caused mother seals to move to the mainland to give birth. On land, the baby seals are vulnerable to predators.
The species' once-strong population of 180,000 animals in 1900 was dramatically reduced over the 20th century due to hunting and pollution. However, prior to encountering difficulties this winter, its numbers of 7,000 to 10,000 animals were growing steadily, with the hope of recovery.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch: A Deadly Landfill at Sea
A plastic refuse twice the size of the continental United States, nicknamed "Plastic Soup" by scientists, is floating in the Northern Pacific Ocean. The polluted expanse was formed when two areas on either side of Hawaii-the Western and Eastern Pacific Garbage Patches-merged to form the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The mass was discovered 11 years ago by US oceanographer Charles Moore as he traveled by boat through the "North Pacific gyre" on his way between Hawaii and Los Angeles.
Inside territory normally avoided due to strong high pressure systems and a lack of wind, Moore uncovered an approximate 100 million tons of debris stretching from about 500 miles off the coast of California nearly all the way to Japan. A committed environmentalist today, he believes this patch could double in size over the next decade if people do not cut back on their use of disposable plastics.
University of Hawaii professor David Karl now wants to see the mass on an expedition to be held later this year. The "soup" can only be seen by traveling through it, he says, because the plastic is translucent and lies just under the ocean surface, making it undetectable by satellite photography. However, the threat to marine animals living in these waters is unavoidable.
An example of the lethal hazard posed by plastics in the ocean is the case of a young female minke whale who washed up from the English Channel in 2002 and was found to have swallowed almost two lbs. of plastic bags. Scientists discovered that she starved to death, with nothing besides the bags in her stomach. Plastic can cause serious damage and death by impeding the digestive tracts of whales and other marine animals, making them feel full and preventing them from eating.


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BWW TV: Sneak Peek of Katie Finneran, Anthony Warlow & Lilla Crawford in ANNIE- Performance Highlights!
Annie, the new production of the Tony Award-winning musical opens November 8, 2012 at the Palace Theatre (Broadway at 47th Street). Annie features a book by Thomas Meehan, music by Charles Strouse and lyrics by Martin Charnin, with all three authors receiving 1977 Tony Awards for their work. Annie is directed by Pulitzer Prize and three-time Tony Award-winner James Lapine and choreographed by Tony Award-winner Andy Blankenbuehler.
BroadwayWorld brings you just-released highlights below!
Annie stars two-time Tony Award winner Katie Finneran as Miss Hannigan, Australian star Anthony Warlow making his Broadway debut as Daddy Warbucks and 11-year-old Lilla Crawford as Annie, with Brynn O'Malley as Grace Farrell, Clarke Thorell as Rooster Hannigan and J. Elaine Marcos as Lily St. Regis. The Orphans are Madi Rae DiPietro as July,Georgi James as Pepper, Junah Jang as Tessie, Tyrah Skye Odoms as Kate, Taylor Richardson as Duffy, Emily Rosenfeld as Molly and Jaidyn Young as standby for the roles of Annie, Pepper, Duffy and July. The production also features Ashley Blanchet, Jane Blass, Jeremy Davis, Fred Inkley, Merwin Foard, Joel Hatch, Amanda Lea LaVergne, Gavin Lodge,Liz McCartney, Desi Oakley, Keven Quillon, David Rossetti, Sarah Solie, Dennis Stowe and Ryan VanDenBoom.
The original production of Annie opened April 21, 1977 at the Alvin Theatre and went on to win the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Musical, seven Drama Desk Awards including Best Musical, the Grammy for Best Cast Show Album and seven Tony Awards®, including Best Musical, Best Book (Thomas Meehan) and Best Score (Charles Strouse,Martin Charnin). The show was one of the biggest Broadway musical hits of the 1970s, running for almost six years and playing 2,377 performances.Buy Tickets to Annie - click here.


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NEW YORK - A publishing house is reissuing a Navy SEAL novel set in Vietnam that helped inspire author Mark Owen of the best-selling "No Easy Day."
St. Martin's Press announced Friday that a new edition of "Men in Green Faces," by former SEAL Gene Wentz and B. Abell Jurus, will come out in November. The book, based on Wentz's experiences in Vietnam, was first released in 1992.
"No Easy Day" is a firsthand account of the SEAL mission in Pakistan that killed Osama bin Laden last year. Owen is a pseudonym for former SEAL Mark Bissonnette. He praises "Men in Green Faces" as a page-turner that made him wonder if he "could measure up."


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Obama, the puppet master
President Barack Obama is a master at limiting, shaping and manipulating media coverage of himself and his White House.
Not for the reason that conservatives suspect: namely, that a liberal press willingly and eagerly allows itself to get manipulated. Instead, the mastery mostly flows from a White House that has taken old tricks for shaping coverage (staged leaks, friendly interviews) and put them on steroids using new ones (social media, content creation, precision targeting). And it's an equal opportunity strategy: Media across the ideological spectrum are left scrambling for access.
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( PHOTOS: Obama, the puppet master)
The results are transformational. With more technology, and fewer resources at many media companies, the balance of power between the White House and press has tipped unmistakably toward the government. This is an arguably dangerous development, and one that the Obama White House — fluent in digital media and no fan of the mainstream press — has exploited cleverly and ruthlessly. And future presidents from both parties will undoubtedly copy and expand on this approach.
"The balance of power used to be much more in favor of the mainstream press," said Mike McCurry, who was press secretary to President Bill Clinton during the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Nowadays, he said, "The White House gets away with stuff I would never have dreamed of doing. When I talk to White House reporters now, they say it's really tough to do business with people who don't see the need to be cooperative."
( Also on POLITICO: W.H. press corps: 'Extreme frustration' over 'having absolutely no access')
McCurry and his colleagues in the Clinton White House were hardly above putting their boss in front of gentle questions: Clinton and Vice President Al Gore often preferred the safety of "Larry King Live" to the rhetorical combat of the briefing room. But Obama and his aides have raised it to an art form: The president has shut down interviews with many of the White House reporters who know the most and ask the toughest questions. Instead, he spends way more time talking directly to voters via friendly shows and media personalities. Why bother with The New York Times beat reporter when Obama can go on "The View"?
At the same time, this White House has greatly curtailed impromptu moments where reporters can ask tough questions after a staged event — or snap a picture of the president that was not shot by government-paid photographers.
( Also on POLITICO: Ed Henry: 'This isn't about a golf game')
The frustrated Obama press corps neared rebellion this past holiday weekend when reporters and photographers were not even allowed onto the Floridian National GolfClub, where Obama was golfing. That breached the tradition of the pool "holding" in the clubhouse and often covering — and even questioning — the president on the first and last holes.
Obama boasted Thursday during a Google+ Hangout from the White House: "This is the most transparent administration in history." The people who cover him day to day see it very differently.
"The way the president's availability to the press has shrunk in the last two years is a disgrace," said ABC News White House reporter Ann Compton, who has covered every president back to Gerald R. Ford. "The president's day-to-day policy development — on immigration, on guns — is almost totally opaque to the reporters trying to do a responsible job of covering it. There are no readouts from big meetings he has with people from the outside, and many of them aren't even on his schedule. This is different from every president I covered. This White House goes to extreme lengths to keep the press away."


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Credit goes to the pilot of this Polish LOT Boeing 767 who was forced to land at Warsaw's airport with no landing gear. The flight originated in New York and was forced to circle the airport as it burned fuel before attempting this successful emergency landing.
None of the 230 were injured according to the airline. Also, none of the non-Polish people on the plane will ever make a joke about Polish people again.


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Check out the interior of Eli Roth's "Goretorium" haunted house in Las Vegas. If you follow him on twitter he was posting pictures of lines around the block for its opening last night. Sounds great, except you'd have to live in Vegas and that sounds awful.
People are using GIF's now to promote their horror films, like that one for the Ethan Hawke film "Sinister". I could have used a few GIF's of Jennifer Lawrence last week to keep me interested in "House at the End of the Street"... missed opportunity.
Go behind the scenes of "Hotel Transylvania". We decided it looked too "Dreamworksy" for us to review it on the podcast. If a vampire doesn't make that stupid Dreamworks face at one point I'll give you my TV.
Joe Dante has announced some select screening dates and cities for "The Hole 3D". This has led other horror site owners to nearly have an aneurysm trying to come up with pun headlines. Get it, HE'S OPENING HIS HOLE. Congrats guys, we're all stupider for having read that.
There's a lot of awful things I would like to see happen to Los Angeles but I can honestly say a dinosaur attack has never crossed my mind. Universal though has decided to move forward with a picture that will be co-written and directed by John Clisham about just such an event happening. I for one welcome out new dino-overloads.
Wait Seth Rogen and Jay Baruchel are doing a movie called "The Apocalypse" and Jason Segel has decided to join the cast? This is unprecedented. After years of demanding these guys have finally decided to maker a movie! This will be the most original film ever imagined with a cast no one has seen before. What's it about? Well the title is elusive but it's about the end of the world. I KNOW! Breaking new ground. Emma Watson has joined the cast too, but that's not really funny.
Everyone loves Amber Heard. Not enough to watch that Playboy show she was on for about 3 weeks but they still love her. Word around campus is that she'll soon be cast in "Subject 6", a new film about a student who is a paid participant in a month-long behavioral study but quickly begins to suspect she's actually a prisoner. I mean I don't think anyone actually loves her enough to see any of her movies. But still, we adore her.
Eli Roth has announced that he will be opening a new haunted house attraction in Las Vegas this coming September. The year round attraction will be called Goretorium and will be a multilevel experience for super horror fans around the globe. This actually sounds pretty cool. I'd like to go there with you and maybe take in a show. I love buffets.


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Don't Throw Out Those Rabbit Ear Antennas
A version of this article appears in the May/June 2008 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
May 01, 2008
As of February 17, 2009, when all the major TV broadcasters will begin to transmit using a digital signal, no one with an analog, rabbit-eared television set will be able to get anything without a digital-to-analog converter box. The switch from analog broadcast to digital has something to do with leaving the airwaves free for police and emergency responder radios, and also the fact that already, millions of digital TVs have been sold, bringing better-quality television to millions of people. If you have a digital TV, or pay for cable or satellite TV service, you're good—you don't have to do anything. But if you have an old analog set, you'll need to buy a converter box costing about $50. But don't fret, because your government has come to the rescue—with coupons worth $40. Between January 1, 2008, and March 31, 2009, all U.S. households will be able to request up to two coupons, worth $40 each, for the purchase of eligible digital-to-analog converter boxes. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) is administering the coupon program and has a list of eligible converter boxes as well as information about getting coupons. The entry of perhaps millions ...
To read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an Online Subscription.
Once an order has been placed there is an automatic $10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation.
The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Attention paid to every facet of comfort and a casual take on sophisticated style make this sofa a must-have. The sink-in comfort of this model comes from a wrapped down layer and a high density foam core, ensuring long-lasting performance and feather-down softness without the prickly feathers of lower quality cushions. The sofa offers a timeless look with its elegant flare arms and Vintage Tack nailheads lining the arms and base.
The 7363 Transitional Sofa with Flare Tapered Arms and Vintage Tack Nailheads by Hickorycraft at Howell Furniture in the Beaumont, Port Arthur, Lake Charles, Texas, Louisiana area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
Browse other items in the 7363 collection from Howell Furniture in the Beaumont, Port Arthur, Lake Charles, Texas, Louisiana area.
This item has been tagged as: Sofa, Couch, Couches, Backless Sofas, Conversation Sofas, Conversational Sofas, Theater Seating, Theatre Seating, Home Theater Furniture, Angled Sofa, Davenport, Stationary Sofa, Stationary Couch, Home Theater Seating, Upholstered Sofa, Upholstered Furniture, Sofa Couch, Living Room Furniture, Furniture, Seating
Nothing on this page may be copied or reproduced without explicit permission.


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DOVER — It would be hard to find any local athlete whose college career got off to as good a start as Greenland's Bri Keenan.
A two-sport sophomore athlete at Tufts University in Medford, Mass., the former Portsmouth High School standout was part of the Jumbos softball team which advanced to the Division III World Series last spring, and was the starting goalie on the school's field hockey team which recently won the NCAA D-III championship.
"It's still pretty awesome," Keenan said. "It's kind of unbelievable, but it's starting to sink in. It's really exciting. It's something you always dream about."
Keenan made five saves in the Jumbos' 2-1 win over Montclair (N.J.) State in the championship game on Nov. 18, clinching the program's first national championship and capping a 19-2 season.
Keenan entered the season unsure how much playing time she would get at goalie this year. She rode the bench in the Jumbos' first game, a 5-2 loss at Middlebury (Vt.). She entered in the second half of the next game, a 3-2 win at Babson (Mass.), the first in a 14-game winning streak. She started every game the rest of the season.
The Jumbos weren't necessarily expected to do poorly in 2012, but Keenan said the NCAA title run came as a complete surprise.
"Nobody expected it," Keenan said. "The coaches wrote the season off. We didn't make the NCAAs the year before, we had a new goalie, a lot of kids were moving around. Then we lost our first game 5-2, and it wasn't even that close. We were absolutely blown out. We knew we had a lot of work to do.
"We thought it was a rebuilding year," she continued. "Our coach joked that he was going to look for a new job after that Middlebury game. But after that we regrouped, worked well together, worked hard. Everyone looked forward to practice and we got better every game, through the championship game."
A standout softball and field hockey player at Portsmouth (all-state in the latter and the Division II player of the year in the former), Keenan originally planned to focus solely on softball at Tufts. But the summer before her senior year of high school, she made the decision to give both sports a try.
The Jumbos lost 4-1 to Bowdoin (Maine) in the NESCAC semifinals (the game was held, coincidentally, at Middlebury, the same place they lost their only previous game), but secured a spot in the NCAA tournament. Tufts was an 8-0 winner over Castleton (Vt.) in the first round, a 4-2 winner at William Smith (N.Y.) in the second round and avenged their NESCAC tournament loss with a 2-1 win over Bowdoin to advance to the final four.
"It was incredible," Keenan said. "We had so much fun. They did such a good job. We're D-III athletes but they treat us like we're D-I. It was so professional and organized. We were so excited to be there. It's one of those things you dream about, but to live it out is really exciting."
Keenan said her experience in the softball World Series helped her prepare mentally for the field hockey national semifinals.
"I kind of knew what to expect with the whole thing, even though it was a different sport," she said. "Experiencing the World Series was great. I knew what it would take to win those games. Nothing was guaranteed and I knew we had to give it everything we had."
A 2-0 win over DePauw (Ind.) put the Jumbos into the championship game. Neither Keenan nor her teammates panicked when Montclair State scored just over 10 minutes into the match.
"It was on a corner and we'd had some trouble with our corners," Keenan said. "I was so nervous going into the game. They were a powerhouse and everyone was expecting them to win it."
It didn't take long for Tufts to realize it was going to be a competitive game.
"We knew we had a real chance," Keenan said. "We'd come back so many times this year. It didn't even occur to me to worry about them scoring first."
Tufts scored twice before halftime and took a 2-1 lead into the second half. Keenan said the second half felt like one of the longest periods of field hockey she had ever played in.
"They had a goal called back on a corner because one of their players went into the circle early," she said. "They were really aggressive. With about 20 minutes left, we started to dominate. That's when the countdown started. That was the longest 20 minutes."
The Jumbos kept up the pressure until there was no time left.
"By that time I had my hands on top of my head," Keenan said. "I couldn't believe we'd just won the national championship."
Keenan said she appreciates the flexibility playing in D-III has given her, and knows that playing on two highly competitive athletic teams likely would not be possible at a higher level.
"That's one of the big reasons I chose Tufts," she said. "It's been my No. 1 school choice since my sophomore year of high school. I went to a softball game and absolutely loved the way they played. I told my dad that day that's where I want to go. It was the only school that had a chance of winning two championships."
Softball practice starts in just weeks with weight training and full practices begin in early February. Keenan said she expects her spring team to make a run at a national championship of its own.
"We have a lot of talent and depth," Keenan said. "If we work hard, take it game by game, maybe we can win. It's definitely a possibility."
Jumbo effort: Keenan backstops Tufts to national title
DOVER — It would be hard to find any local athlete whose college career got off to as good a start as Greenland's Bri Keenan.


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I don't know when optical quantum computers are going to arrive, but I sure hope they look like this crazy Toshiba visualisation of an Entangled Light Emitting Diode. This new LED type could finally make practical quantum computers possible.
According to Mark Stevenson - from Toshiba Research Europe - experts, the current breed of laser-based optical quantum computing experiments can't result in a practical device. His team has been the first to create something compact enough to form the basis for this kind of computer without the complexity, price and size of laser-based options:
We have generated entangled light using an electric current for the first time. All previous sources of entangled light used lasers to drive them. As ELEDs are electrically controlled and many devices can be integrated on a single chip, they could meet these demands in a simple, compact and affordable way. Although one could imagine a quantum computer running on laser-driven sources, the complexity and demands on space and maintenance for a large number of sources means this would be impractical.
Toshiba hopes this new invention will lead to commercial versions that could be applied for quantum processors, imaging and communications. [Optics]


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Committee Opinion Number 698, May 2017
ABSTRACT: Primary ovarian insufficiency describes a spectrum of declining ovarian function and reduced fecundity due to a premature decrease in initial follicle number, an increase in follicle destruction, or poor follicular response to gonadotropins. The sequelae of primary ovarian insufficiency include vasomotor symptoms, urogenital atrophy, osteoporosis and fracture, cardiovascular disease, and increased all-cause mortality. In women with primary ovarian insufficiency, systemic hormone therapy (HT) is an effective approach to treat the symptoms of hypoestrogenism and mitigate long-term hea...
Committee Opinion Number 565, June 2013
(Replaces No. 420, November 2008) (Reaffirmed 2018)
ABSTRACT: Menopausal hormone therapy should not be used for the primary or secondary prevention of coronary heart disease at the present time. Evidence is insufficient to conclude that long-term estrogen therapy or hormone therapy use improves cardiovascular outcomes. Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests that women in early menopause who are in good cardiovascular health are at low risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and should be considered candidates for the use of estrogen therapy or conjugated equine estrogen plus a progestin for relief of menopausal symptoms. There is some evidence...
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
409 12th Street SW, Washington, DC 20024-2188
Mailing Address: PO Box 96920, Washington, DC 20024-9998


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Theory & Struggle is the journal of the Marx Memorial Library. Currently published annually, the journal's articles critically engage with current debates within Marxism, including contemporary cultural debates. In addition, the journal reviews studies on the development of labour and progressive movements world-wide, including movements for gender equality, for racial equality and for peace.
Subscrbe to the MML's annual journal
Data Policy


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Point Pleasant Chat
Chat with thousands of people in Point Pleasant who are online right now!
Chat with thousands of people in Point Pleasant who are online right now!
No one lives here!
|Abbott Barboursville Beckley Belle Berkeley Springs Bluefield Bridgeport Buckhannon Bunker Hill Chapmanville Charles Town Charleston Clarksburg Danville Dunbar Elkins Elkview Fairmont Falling Waters Fayetteville Grafton Harpers Ferry Harrisville Hedgesville Huntington Hurricane Inwood Kenova Keyser Kingwood Lewisburg Logan Martinsburg Milton Moorefield Morgantown Moundsville New Martinsville Nitro Oak Hill Oceana Ona Parkersburg Philippi Poca Point Pleasant Princeton Ranson Ravenswood Ripley Scott Depot Shinnston Spencer St. Albans Summersville Vienna Weirton Weston Wheeling Williamson


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Miller & Carter Bristol City Centre
Marriott Bristol Royal, College Green, Bristol, BS1 5TA 0117 456 9606
Marriott Bristol Royal, College Green, Bristol, BS1 5TA 0117 456 9606
January has arrived and that familiar 'back-to-work' dread is in the air... but this year we have the perfect solution to beat the January blues . Forget the detox diets and juice fasts and enjoy a little treat from the steak experts to help you keep feeling positive.
Treat yourself to our two or three course January set menu and enjoy our succulent 30-day aged 8oz rump steak, grilled to perfection by our expert chefs at your local Steakhouse in College Green. Or why not try something new and upgrade your steak experience to a 50-day aged grass fed ribeye (supplement required) and experience fine marbling and an intensely packed flavour — we'd recommend medium.
If being healthier is one of your new year's resolutions, then our lighter serve steak, served with a delicious salad, or even our Grilled Seabass is packed with goodness to help you feel better and brighter this new year. Available on our January set menu at .
So, crawl out from under the duvet, enjoy an indulgent steak experience and for the first time ever, beat the January blues...
Beat the New Year blues with our January set menu for just £16.95.
Please note this is a promotional menu and is therefore not valid with any other voucher or discount.
Please note: This is a promotional menu, therefore no other voucher or discount can be redeemed alongside it.


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State Codes and StatutesStatutes > West-virginia > 16 > 16-33-8
§16-33-8. Responsibilities of advisory committee; establishment of covered services, limitation of services and procedures; authorization for payment; promulgation of rules; annual reports.
(a) The advisory committee shall establish procedures and requirements regarding participation in the fund, including, but not limited to, the following:
(1) Establishing a list of covered services approved for payment through the fund, including (A) diagnostic and treatment services for breast or cervical cancer or a condition suggestive of cancer, and (B) ancillary diagnostic studies which may be authorized only when it is determined by the bureau to be directly related to the confirmation of a diagnosis of cancer or is necessary for treatment planning;
(2) Establishing procedures for emergency admissions or immediate patient entry into the health care system upon a determination that covered services are necessary so as to ensure prompt testing, diagnosis or treatment of breast or cervical cancer.
(3) Setting a limitation on days of service covered by the fund, and authorizing that the number of days for reimbursement be based on the medical condition of the patient and the procedure to be performed;
(4) Reviewing requests and providing authorization for payment of diagnostic or treatment services covered by the fund;
(5) Promulgating rules, in conjunction with the bureau,
in accordance with the provisions of chapter twenty-nine-a of this code regarding the administration of the fund; and
(6) Submitting annual reports to the state bureau of public health regarding the operation and progress of the fund, the number of patients treated through the fund, and other statistical data as may be required by the bureau.
(b) The advisory committee shall study the possibility of and the cost associated with establishing a fund to provided financial assistance to qualified applicants for diagnostic and treatment services for prostate and colon cancer. The committee shall provide a report to the joint committee on government and finance on or before the first day of January, one thousand nine hundred ninety-seven.


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Completion of transition to Giovanni-4 set for March 31
After successfully serving the Earth science community for several years, the Giovanni-3 system will be shutdown on March 31, 2016.
The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) will be shutting down all remaining Giovanni-3 data portals on March 31, 2016. This shutdown of Giovanni-3, and the transition to Giovanni-4, will enable us to provide greater efficiency, improved performance, and enhanced capabilities to users of the Giovanni-4 system (http://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/).
Giovanni users who wish to request the addition of data variables or analytical services to Giovanni-4 should continue to do so via the GES DISC Help Desk, firstname.lastname@example.com.
Stay in touch with Giovanni :
► Giovanni users are invited to join the Giovanni Users mailing list for regular updates on the development of Giovanni-4:
To subscribe, send a message (any content) to firstname.lastname@example.com. Approval of the subscription will be accomplished soon after the message is received.
► Giovanni users and the interested public are also invited to join The Giovanni News mailing list, which provides a PDF newsletter approximately monthly, with articles about how to use Giovanni, who's using it, and what it's being used for:
To subscribe, send a message (any content) to firstname.lastname@example.com. Subscription approval will be accomplished soon after your message is received.
► The Giovanni Twitter feed is @nasa_giovanni. Follow us!
Questions or comments? Email the NASA GES DISC Help Desk: email@example.com


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Let's Celebrate KDLville at the Grandville Public Library | Arts & Culture
Title (Max 100 Characters)
It's party time! Celebrate with Katie L. the elephant as she cuts the ribbon and welcomes you to KDLville, KDL's new early literacy play space. Families with children ages 6 and under are invited to have fun with crafts, games, balloon animals, face painting, and a dance party. And what's a party without dessert? Come enjoy a piece of our special KDLville cake!
Tuesday, September 13, 10:00 AM – Grandville branch
Sunday, October 16, 2:00 PM – Cascade Township branch
Tuesday, November 15, 10:00 AM – Kentwood branch
KDLville is an interactive early literacy learning center where young children and their caregivers can play, grow, and read. The spaces contain a variety of fun, developmentally appropriate activities that focus on different skills that will help children get ready to read. Some examples might include a puppet theater, a play grocery store, a train table, pre-writing games, etc. The activities will be rotated so patrons will get fresh experiences every couple of months. Promotional materials that contain caregiver education on reading readiness will also be provided in the play spaces.
A big thank you goes out to the Friends of the Library groups that funded the KDLville projects!
Come celebrate with us!


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Fried white scale fish, serve as appetizer, snack or add as meat in your soup. Fried white scale fish is very crispy and a little salty. Fried white scale fish is self opening can for your convenience at home or away. Ingredients; white scale fish, soy bean sauce, sugar, chili powder, palm oil. Net weight : 50 grams. Product of Thailand.
Copyright © 2004 - 2019 GroceryThai.com


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London, South Kensington
12 October 2000
Price realised
Jean Hippolyte Marchand (French, 1883-1940)
Les laveurs le long de la rivière
oil on canvas
44¾ x 34½ in. (114 x 87.5 cm.)
Pitt and Scott Ltd, Paris.
Contact Client Service
New York +1 212 636 2000
London +44 (0)20 7839 9060
Asia +852 2760 1766
Special Notice
No VAT will be charged on the hammer price, but VAT at 17.5% will be added to the buyer's premium which is invoiced on a VAT inclusive basis. All sold lots not cleared by 2:00pm on Monday 23 October 2000 will be removed to the warehouse of:
Cadogan Tate Ltd., Fine Art Services
Cadogan House, 2 Relay Road,
London W12 7JS
Telephone: 44 (0)20 8735 3700
Facsimile: 44(0)20 8735 3701
Lots will be available for collection following transfer to Cadogan Tate every week-day from 9:00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m.
An initial transfer and administration charge of £3.20 and a storage charge of £1.60 per lot per day will be payable to Cadogan Tate.
These charges are subject to VAT and an insurance surcharge.
(Exceptionally large pictures will be subject to a surcharge).
Please note: All charges due to Cadogan Tate must be paid at the time of collection from there warehouse.
The series of 15 sales was led by two exceptional predella panels by artist Giovanni di Paolo
A look back at the standout moments, extraordinary objects and storied collections offered at Christie's this year


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Get 24/7 Emergency Service From
Your Local Livingston Plumber
Extensive Services and Professional Expertise Sets Plumbers 911 Above the Rest
Like a reliable friend, Plumbers 911 is always available to help you out. We welcome your calls both day and night, every day year round. Whether it is a simple repair or installing new appliances and plumbing fixtures for your remodel project; we are here to offer you our full services.
When an emergency strikes, our contractors understand that tie is of the essence. Our quick response and professional training will help resolve your emergency quickly, minimizing your damage and depressing your stress.
Remodels, in particular, require the help of a knowledgeable professional. You don't want to do it yourself only to discover your plumbing is not working properly.
Our advice is to be trusted and our service dependable. Each of our technicians has had over 10,000 hours of training. So you can be rest assured that you are speaking with an expert on the subject, not a newbie.
Types of Services Offered
• Water Heater Repair
• Home Remodeling
• Faucet Repair
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We realize that you may have had run-ins with less than professional technicians and are hesitant to reach out for assistance again. We guarantee that all of our specialized technicians are well trained and have clean backgrounds and drug screening results.
We always treat your home as if it were our own and maintain a clean work space and work vehicle. We will gladly answer any questions you may have about prices, our policies, and any concerns you may have.
We can fix all of your plumbing problems, for both residential and commercial. Whether it's a leaky shower head or a broken boiler, we have you covered.
Drain Cleaning
Slow or clogged drains are a frequent nuisance around homes. We can quickly tackle this problem for you. Ensuring the water drains effectively is important for the efficient operation of the entire system. Whether it's a small clog or a bigger problem with the sewer line, we can help.
Our specialists can identify the problem using a video inspection to capture screen shots of what exactly is causing the blockage, and then treating the problem correctly. This process ensures that the job is done right, and done correctly the first time.
A variety of reasons can cause clogged or slow draining water. It can be a clog caused by hair, grease, residual buildup, or foreign objects. Root invasion can also cause it.
So skip the harmful chemical drain cleaners. These cleaners can corrode your pipes, leading to expensive repairs. Instead, allow our Livingston NJ plumbers can clean your pipes using powerful hydro-jetting and snaking.
Schedule an appointment today.
• Drains
• Water pipe repair and replacements
• Cleaning of main sewers
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Our well-organized trucks carry the vast majority of tools and parts needed for faster repairs, fewer trips, and less wasted time.
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We value honesty and provide upfront quotes for the work that we will be doing. If we cannot give you a quote over the phone, as the job requires a visual inspection, you can be assured that that a visual assessment will identify the cost and you will know exactly how much you will need to pay before the work begins. This will eliminate any of those unpleasant surprises.
Prompt Scheduling
For plumbing that does not require urgent service, we will schedule your appointment promptly based on your convenience. We will accommodate your schedule. By scheduling the majority of non-emergency needs during the day, we greatly reduce our overhead costs and apply those savings to you.
Maintenance Services
Why wait for an emergency to strike? Regular and consistent maintenance can spot and prevent serious problems from occurring. Here at Plumbers 911 New Jersey we can provide you with
• Yearly inspections all exposed gas connections and piping in your home
• test your water main pressure
• Flush out your water heater and draft and test relief valve
• Inspect outdoor hose spigots
• Inspect Sump Pump
• Inspect drains for proper water flow
• Check toilets, showers, and sinks for leaks
Call Us Today
All of our technicians are trained, knowledgeable, and current on all the latest advancements. Our specialists will fix your problem will ensuring you are safe and comfortable.
We pride ourselves in providing an accurate diagnosis, fair pricing, and prompt service. You and your home will be treated with respect and courtesy.


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Music to Your Ears
"Euphoria" and Pulse Part Ways—New Mexico's premier gothic and industrial dance party is moving on to darker pastures, so to speak. Promoter Brad Cole says that after several years at Pulse Nightclub, "Euphoria" has been dissolved, renamed and relocated to Downtown's OPM Nightclub. The move is being engineered by Cole and resident DJs Kentifyr and Church, all of whom are deeply rooted in Albuquerque's gothic and industrial scene. And like a macabre phoenix risen from its own jet-black ashes, "this night has already gone through many types of incarnations and names, and no two are ever the same," Cole says. "It's always a little different, which is a good thing."
Music Magnified
Tiempo Libre
with Racine & Kreyol
Saturday, Sept. 10; El Rey Theatre (21-and-older): Tiempo Libre plays the type of music that makes you feel justified for spending hours with your partner taking Latin dance classes. As Tiempo's unabashedly piquant brass and layered percussion invades your eardrums, you'll want to know the proper maneuvers when your waist (through no fault of your own) starts winding this-way-and-that. If you do not have the necessary training, don't be surprised if your hips feel like shit in the morning. Tiempo plays a unique style of Cuban music called timba, which differentiates itself from most other forms of Latin music by using a full drum set, as well as the more traditional congas and timbales, to form the rhythm section. The band's latest release, Arroz Con Mango, proves the band can go low-key by utilizing lounge-ish keyboard and cooled-out percussion. The primo Tiempo cuts, however, are filled to capacity with complex arrangements and frenzied tempos that can't help but elevate your mood. Tiempo's distinctive authenticity (which stems from the fact that each of the band's seven members are originally from Cuba) has cultivated a following in such unexpected places as Southeast Asia. As for the fear of not having the right moves on the dance floor, Tiempo's bandleader and pianist Jorge Gomez offered some comforting words to the Chicago Tribune: "We're just trying to encourage people to get up and feel free; that's the secret of timba." Just bring a few ICY HOT Sleeves™ to the show and you should be fine. Call 249-7638 for ticket information.
Music Magnified
The Posies
with The Deathray Davies and The Mindy Set
Monday, Sept. 12; The Launchpad (21-and-older), $8: After a six-year hiatus, The Posies found themselves in a recording studio in February of 2004 with three weeks to put together a full-length release. The fruits of their labor came in the form of 2005's Every Kind of Light, a beautifully crafted, 12-song LP with a level of quality that gives no indication of the album's rushed construction. EKOL most definitely does not leave the band's past work in the dust. But The Posies are careful to avoid the treacherous path traveled by some bands that erroneously cling to a past that no longer holds any creative nectar (I'm looking at you, Sonic Youth). The band takes the playfully distraught tone of Nada Surf, and combines it with Elliot Smith-ish vocals and Weezer-esque guitar to produce eccentric tracks that never lose their pop presence. The Posies are the type of musical outfit that would get their fair share of radio play if we had more than one decent goddamn radio station in this state (KUNM can only carry so much of the burden). But never mind the lack of airtime; your chance to hear The Posies live arrives on Monday. The 21-and-older show at the Launchpad will also feature Albuquerque's The Mindy Set, whose songs should complement The Posies new, more indie sound quite nicely.
Sonic Reducer
The Volebeats Like Her (Turquoise Mountain)
Country riffs and ballads about pretty girls, combined with '60s pop percussion and organs, create an atmosphere like that of a dance in the old high school gym. When Johnny can't muster the courage to ask Suzy to put her back into it—er, shake a leg—he huffs off to his '48 Buick to take a few swigs of hooch. Later at Inspiration Point, Johnny gets to first base. Way to go, Johnny! The Volebeats hail from Detroit, have singer/guitarist Matthew Smith in common with Outrageous Cherry and have been making country-esque pop rock since 1988. With their simplicity, lo-fi recording and tales of romantic triumph, Like Her is both nifty and swell.
Flyer on the Wall
Why the hell isn't your band's flyer here? Because you didn't post one up at alibi.com/ads, like the Ya Ya Boom Project did. They're playing an over-21 show this Saturday, Sept. 10, at Burt's with the Bellmont and the Giranimals. (LM)
A Shocking Interview with the Shock Master, Alice Cooper!
Actually, for it to really be shocking, I'd have to chop your head off
While Alice Cooper really needs no introduction, the rockstar-golfer-radio personality-sportsbar owner is still alive and purveying blood and guts in front of live audiences around the world. He and his guillotine will be visiting Albuquerque this week, and recently the Alibi was allocated 15 minutes to speak with him. Welcome to our nightmare.
Luke, I Am Your Son
'90s Grand Opening Party • 69 Boyz • hip-hop, bass
We might get in trouble for saying so, but the Miami bass subgenre of hip-hop has some of the hottest dang beats out there. We'll never forget the time Daily Lobo staffer Juliette Torrez played "Me So Horny" in the college newsroom back in 1989. You just can't unhear stuff like that. Flash forward 30 years and other bassy bands from deep in the panhandle are still rocking it. Check out a saucy second generation of that Southern flavor on Friday, Dec. 13 at 8pm when Hush Ultra NightLife hosts a '90s Grand Opening Party featuring the somewhat still notorious 69 Boyz. That's right, you OG cabrones, the folks responsible for the 1994 platinum single "Tootsie Roll" are in town and getting down. Join them at this 21-plus show for only a nominal fee. Telephone or text 269-3301 for more details.
Wearing Only Flowers
Big Head Todd and the Monsters • alternative, blues
After more than 30 years of touring and with an almost cultlike following of mountain-sprung funk fairies gamboling along with them, Big Head Todd and the Monsters are a jam band, which is a very American thing. Their music—distilled by determination, a deep groove and driving around the mountain West and Left Coast in a van called "the Colonel"—is pretty, pretty good…


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Argentina: Worldwide Travel Information World Countries > America > Argentina
Argentina: Worldwide Travel Information World Countries > America > Argentina
ArgentinaArgentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in South America, bordered by Chile to the west and south, Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, and Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast. Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica the Falkland Island and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Island .
The country is a federation of 23 provinces and the autonomous city of Buenos Aires its capital and largest city. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish speaking nations. Argentina is a founding member of the United Nations, Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations, the Organization of Ibero-American States, the World Bank Group and the World Trade Organization, and is one of the G-15 and G-20 major economies.
A recognised regional power, Argentina is Latin America's third-largest economy, with a "very high" rating on the Human development index. Within Latin America, Argentina has the fifth highest nominal GDP per capita and the highest in purchasing power terms.
Argentina is situated in southern South America, with the Andes on the west and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east and south.
Argentina has six main regions. The Pampas are fertile lowlands located in the center and east. The Mesopotamia is a lowland enclosed by the Paraná and Uruguay rivers, and the Gran Chaco is between the mesopotamia and the Andes Cuyo is at the east side of the Andes and the Argentine Northwest is at the North of it. The Patagonia is a large plateau to the south.
The highest point above sea level is in the Mendoza province at Cerro Aconcagua (6,959 m), also the highest point in the Southern and Western Hemisphere.
The lowest point is Laguna del Carbón in Santa Cruz province, −105 m below sea level.[88] This is also the lowest point in South America.
The generally temperate climate ranges from subtropical in the north to subpolar in the far south. The north is characterized by very hot, humid summers with mild drier winters, and is subject to periodic droughts. Central Argentina has a temperate climate, with hot summers with thunderstorms, and cool winters; and higher moisture at the east. The southern regions have warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall, especially in mountainous zones.
[Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina]