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Reasonable price 3 Way Mirror For Hair Cutting - T9P Dual Dash Cam Rearview Mirror Backup Camera 4" IPS Screen FHD 1080P Front and Rear Dash Camera with G-Sensor,WDR,Loop Recording,Super Night Vision Car Dashcams Pro – TRYACE
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Reasonable price 3 Way Mirror For Hair Cutting - T9P Dual Dash Cam Rearview Mirror Backup Camera 4" IPS Screen FHD 1080P Front and Rear Dash Camera with G-Sensor,WDR,Loop Recording,Super Night Vision Car Dashcams Pro – TRYACE Detail:
1. Product Features:
Non-borders mirror, product light & thin
Fashion touch-key
On/Off, gesture control via infrared sensor switches
Video lock
Magnet fixing, Quick & Convenient installation
Car charge/step-down cable, system integration design
HD 1080p / 30FPS video
Support rear camera VGA/30 FPS
Reversing image
Automatic power on/off, automatic circular video, WDR wide dynamic video shooting, SOS automatic protection, parking monitor
2. Product parameters:
|Rear Camera
|Front Camera
|Rear Camera resolution
|Storage mode
|External SD card(4-64G class10)
|Front Camera Video format
|Screen size
|4.0 Inch MIPI
|Front Camera Video format
|Front Camera resolution
|Rear Camera Video format
|Menu select
|Angle of view
|Picture format
|Low voltage reminding
|Power supply
|Car power
|Operation temperature
|Working current
|Device material
|Working voltage
|Fixed mode
|Magnet fixing
|License plate watermark
|Device dimensions
|Net weight
|Infrared sensor
|Step-down cable, manual
3. Appearance/interface description
2.Operation interface
Standby status: Pending Video status, device can perform the menu setting or preview mode shift
Video status: It is working when the red indicator light is flashes
Reduce FPS video: Video is working from 30FPS/m reduced to 5FPS/m
Memory card status: Memory card were inserted
Memory cars status: Non- memory card status or can't identify memory card
Capture picture: The device is taking the picture when it is on video status
Lock: The file that circular video can't be deleted during circular video status
Full file locked: The file is full (need to manually delete)
Lock video volume: When locked video reaches a certain volume, it will be showed by percentage
Open the recording: It displays when device is open
Close the recording: It displays when device is close .0
4.Special function introduction
- 1.Infrared function
Shift screen: infrared trigger and open screen with moving hands or close the screen protection
- 2.Reduce FPS video
Video shooting is reduced to 5 frames, the front Camera resolution is reduced to 720 p, rear Camera resolution is reduced to WVGA
- 3.Power wire connection
Red wire (positive) and black wire (negative) connect to the car power supply respectively , the yellow wire (device on/off trigger) connect to the ACC (ACC trigger device on/off)
- 4.Parking monitoring
Function introduction,
This function is designed for the parking monitoring, video into time lapse video mode automatically after entering parking monitoring mode to assure memory capacity.
Operation introduction,
the device will remind "please press P button for into parking monitoring mode",press P into parking monitoring mode, the device will be shut down automatically after 15 seconds no operation (attention, the others buttons invalid when above reminder pop-up )
5. Product operation instructions
1.The button description:
Video shooting mode
|Camera display shift
|Manual lock
|Shift audio recording open/close
|Taking picture
|Reduce FPS video
|Short pressing is to stop video/keeping pressing is to power-off
Standby mode
|Camera display shift
|Enter menu settings
|Shift audio recording open/close
|Enter the replay mode
|Reduce FPS video
|Short press to open video/long press to shutdown
Replay mode
|Before the play
|In the play
|To select previous file
|Retreat quickly(-2X、-4X、-8X)
|Press it to enter into system setting menu
|To select next file
|Fast forward(2X、4X、8X)
|The playback, and switch to standby mode
|Stop the video
|Short pressing is to play video
|Keeping pressing is to power-off
2.The recorder menu:
|Manually set the device time (press "0" to enter into time setting, 、 choose the digital, press"0" jump to the next setting, press "M" to exit)
|Format the memory card
|Delete all the files in the memory card , and format the memory card (standby mode, press "M" to enter, and confirm by pressing "0" key, exit the settings menu when press "M" key)
|Restore the default settings
|Reset the device to initial status(Default setting is the best)
|Video resolution
|Set the video resolution "1080 p" and "WVGA" (default 1080 p)
|Video Camera selection
|"Only front Camera video shooting", "Front and Rear Camera video shooting"(default)
|Video shooting length
|Divided into different sections to keep them, 2/3 minutes is alternative (3minutes is default)
|Audio recording
|Setting audio recording is open/close when video shooting mode is open (default audio recording is open)
|Screen saver
|After working for 20 seconds, device will enter into screen saver status, and it can be controlled by infrared (Tips: the device is still keep working during the screen saver mode)
|"Close", "low"(default), "high"
|Automatic power-off
|When there is no video capture, no operation, the device will be power off in 3 minutes automatically (default)
|License plate watermark
|Set up your license plate number, and it can be seen in the video recorder
(standby state, press "0" key to enter into setting, 、 select the license plate area, press "0" to skip to the next setting)
|Reverse leading line
|"Close reverse leading line", "open reverse leading line" (default)
|Software version
|Software version: the software version used by current device
- 1.Can't be opened
Answer A: Please check whether the power supply is ok
Answer B: Please check whether the ACC trigger cable(yellow) connection is correct
Answer B: Please check whether the opening device method is correct(there are two kinds of trigger mode)
Answer C: Please check whether the car power voltage is ok
- 2.Can't be recorded
Answer A: Please check whether insert the memory card
Answer B: Please check whether memory card is good status(could be format)
Answer C: Please check whether TF card is high speed(support 4-64G class10 above)
- 3.Infrared insensitive or trigger automatically
Answer A: Please check whether there is something blocking in front infrared sensor
Answer B: Pay attention no anything block the hole in front the infrared sensor once open the device
Answer C: Please restore the default setting (automatic repair infrared)
- 4.The reversing display can't be automatic shifting when car reversing
Answer A: Please check whether rear Camera connection is ok
Answer B: Please check whether the trigger cable is properly connected
Product detail pictures:
Related Product Guide:
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By Betsy from Dominica - 2015.11.28 16:25


text:
It was just a few years ago that lawmakers in South Carolina and other poor-performing states realized that for their state to succeed, they had to invest in education.
So the long, and expensive, journey of improving schools began.
Key to that improvement was elevating teachers - the ones charged with educating the next generation. That was done with respect. Respect for the job, respect for the person doing the job, respect for the profession. And that respect was rewarded with higher salaries that made the profession much more appealing and raised the caliber of our teachers. It was also rewarded with training and support to do their job better.
More college students majored in education and professionals in other fields took advantage of programs that let them become teachers without going back to college.
Then the money got tight. In South Carolina, teachers went two years without a pay raise. Last year, they got a raise, but part of it was paid for with funds allocated for just one year. At the same time, teachers, as a group, came under fire from pundits who insisted they weren't doing their jobs. That respect was slipping away quickly.
Recently, state school Superintendent Mick Zais said he wants teachers to get a pay raise - but he's putting the burden for that back on the local districts to come up with the money.
That means the district would have to cut spending one place and put that money toward salaries, or raise taxes.
Because owner-occupied homes aren't assessed property taxes for school operations, and tax increase would fall mostly on businesses.
That puts teachers even more in the line of fire of tax-hating residents who don't want to shell out any more money for taxes.
Zais' rationale is that districts are top-heavy - too much money goes to administrators. That may be true in some districts, but not in all. So what are those districts to do? ...
While Zais may be short-sighted when it comes to taking care of the state education system's greatest assets, its teachers, he is working within a broken system - the dysfunctional S.C. General Assembly.
Years of inconsistent funding, an ineffective school taxing system and a general inability to get anything done have hurt our schools. And we're going to have to ante up. If higher standards for education are demanded by the state, then the money has to be there, consistently, to make it happen.
So long as the feds are into deficit spending, a few more dollars tossed South Carolina's way ought not make a big difference.
The Palmetto State thinks its residents' right to vote should be protected, perhaps more so than their Social Security numbers and other personal information, but that's another matter. To help guard against potential voter fraud and ensure a person who casts a ballot at the polls is, in fact, the person he claims to be, South Carolina enacted a voter ID law.
People can - and certainly have - go back and forth about the intent of the law. South Carolina certainly has a tainted history when it comes to voting rights, but every effort was taken to ensure this new law does not disenfranchise the poor, the elderly or minorities.
The law was rejected by the U.S. Department of Justice under the premise it violated a portion of the federal Voting Rights Act. DOJ apparently is unaware the Palmetto State has progressed fairly well beyond the Jim Crow days.
We're not perfect, mind you, but the majority of the residents and those in power really don't have a problem with letting every properly registered voter fulfill his duty, right and obligation to cast a ballot. Simply, the new law provides proof a voter is who he claims to be, just as a photo ID is used to establish proper identification in financial transactions, such as check cashing.
Anyway, the state sued the federal government because of the DOJ's rejection of the law. And won. Now, $3.5 million later, the state hopes to recoup some of its financial burden brought on by the suit. Three judges who presided over the state's suit said the feds are obligated to pony up.
As much as we hate to see that national deficit spending number keep soaring, we agree and think the feds should come off the money soon, and for more than the $90,000 attorney general Alan Wilson was seeking; after all, if DOJ had not treated the state as though it was stuck in 1965, the lawsuit would not have been necessary.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
When Chef Alessandra invited me to her transplanted-from-Oregon (and before that, Spain) underground supper club, I was intrigued. The theme of the night was of the lovers' variety. And so I traveled to a quaint backyard somewhere in a lovely LA neighborhood to partake in her Aphrodisiac Dinner. I went solo, but was comforted when I found the dinner party also included fun company – no doubt a result of the kind of company the exuberance of the chef naturally attracted.
It was a beautiful setting – and one in which it was comfortable to enjoy a full-on eight courses (plus a bonus course) with wine pairings. Though I admit I was worried when I saw it was to take place outside, it was not too cold nor too warm underneath that cozy, red light-tinged tent. The setting is no detail to be glossed over when it comes to underground supper clubs, but in Orgasmo de la Boca's case, it was perfect. The explanations behind what was going on through Chef Allesandra's mind while constructing each dish were lovely to behold as my fellow diners and I pondered each bite.
And so was the pacing. Coupled with the quality and tastiness of the dishes, the dining experience was top-notch. Of course, there was at least one love- (or lust-?) inducing ingredient by any interpretation in each course. Oysters two ways; pork via "Bacon and Eggs" – that is, Poached Arauncana Egg in Iberico Nest with Sundried Tomato Butter poached Fingerlings and Ovan Roasted Grape Tomatoes; chili via Fried Mushroom Salad with Chipotle Chervil Aioli and strawberry via a Strawberry-Ginger Granite as a mid-dinner palate cleanser. The wine pairings were also stellar, bringing in another dimension to each course and even the wine itself as proper pairings should.
I always love oysters – especially on the halfshell – and the spicy Fried Mushroom Salad was absolutely lovely, especially when paired with the '09 Marina Alta Blanco. My favorite was actually a main – the duck breast with the cauliflour and basil puree with dried fig and brandy gastrique as well as fennel. Apparently, women used to dust powdered basil on themselves as a scent and figs were Cleopatra's favorite fruit. With fennel (which the Egyptians used as a libido enhancement) making the third aphrodisiac ingredient in this dish, perhaps I was really into the thematics and this is why my appetite ultimately "culminated" with this one!
Also delicious was the Coriander Crusted Salmon with Sunchoke Puree and Latke in Tomato and Asparagus Broth. With asparagus and especially coriander being the key ingredients here, I admit there is rarely an experience where I don't enjoy salmon and this night would have been no exception. The coriander was a really nice touch, highlighting the richness of the fish.
Of course, it's not a proper "love" dinner without dessert, and the "Chocolate Covered Menage a Trois" with sea salt panna cotta, frozen bananas and almond brittle (or manage a quatre with the '09 Monticelli Muscato d'Asti) did not disappoint. The saltiness, sweetness from both chocolate and fruit and multiple textures just bombarded the senses and was a conclusion to behold.
While Allesandra is known for her smoked olives (see: Artisanal LA), it is clear that she deserves an honest look at her underground dinners. They're delicious, professional yet hospitable and are a multiple-course tour de force to be reckoned with. The themes change according to her whimsy and inspiration, so there's a different experience awaiting each diner every time. One thing is constant, however: You can sense her passion in each bite.
For the next dinner on June 4, be sure to reserve here.
All food and wine were hosted.
Special thanks to Tricia Romano for the photos.
Undisclosed location
Dinners organized on case-by-case basis
Average cost: $125 per person


text:
cosmos, multicategory, bicategory, double category, virtual double category
product, fiber product, base change, coproduct, pullback, pushout, cobase change, equalizer, coequalizer, join, meet, terminal object, initial object, direct product, direct sum
The Kan extension of a functor with respect to a functor
is, if it exists, a kind of best approximation to the problem of finding a functor such that
hence to extending the domain of through from to .
More generally, this makes sense not only in Cat but in any 2-category.
Similarly, a Kan lift is the best approximation to lifting a morphism through a morphism
to a morphism
Kan extensions are ubiquitous. See the discussion at Examples below.
There are various slight variants of the definition of Kan extension . In good cases they all exist and all coincide, but in some cases only some of these will actually exist.
We (have to) distinguish the following cases:
"ordinary" or "weak" Kan extensions
These define the extension of an entire functor, by an adjointness relation.
Here we (have to) distinguish further between
which define extensions of all possible functors of given domain and codomain (if all of them indeed exist);
which define extensions of single functors only, which may exist even if not every functor has an extension.
"pointwise" or "strong" Kan extensions
These define the value of an extended functor on each object (each "point") by a weighted (co)limit.
Furthermore, a pointwise Kan extension can be "absolute".
If the pointwise version exists, then it coincides with the "ordinary" or "weak" version, but the former may exist without the pointwise version existing. See below for more.
Some authors (such as Kelly) assert that only pointwise Kan extensions deserve the name "Kan extension," and use the term as "weak Kan extension" for a functor equipped with a universal natural transformation. It is certainly true that most Kan extensions which arise in practice are pointwise. This distinction is even more important in enriched category theory.
be a functor. For any other category, write
for the induced functor on the functor categories: this sends a functor to the composite functor .
If has a left adjoint, typically denoted
then this left adjoint is called the ( ordinary or weak ) left Kan extension operation along . For we call the left Kan extension of along .
Similarly, if has a right adjoint, this right adjoint is called the right Kan extension operation along . It is typically denoted
The analogous definition clearly makes sense as stated in other contexts, such as in enriched category theory.
If is the terminal category, then
The functor in this case sends objects of to the constant functor on . Notice that for any functor,
a natural transformation is the same as a cone over ;
a natural transformation is the same as a cocone under .
Therefore the natural hom-isomorphisms of the adjoint functors and
assert that
There is also a local definition of "the Kan extension of a given functor along " which can exist even if the entire functor defined above does not. This is a generalization of the fact that a particular diagram of shape can have a limit even if not every such diagram does. It is also a special case of the fact discussed at adjoint functor that an adjoint functor can fail to exist completely, but may still be partially defined. If the local Kan extension of every single functor exists for some given and , then these local Kan extensions fit together to define a functor which is the global Kan extension.
Thus, by the general notion of "partial adjoints"; we say
The local left Kan extension of a functor along is, if it exists, a functor
equipped with a natural isomorphism
hence a (co)representation of the functor .
The local definition of right Kan extensions along is dual.
As for adjoints and limits, by the usual logic of representable functors this can equivalently be rephrased in terms of universal morphisms:
The left Kan extension of along is a functor equipped with a natural transformation .
with the property that every other natural transformation factors uniquely through as
Similarly for the right Kan extension, with the direction of the natural transformations reversed:
By the usual reasoning (see e.g. Categories Work, chapter IV, theorem 2), if these representations exist for every then they can be organised into a left (right) adjoint () to .
The definition in this form makes sense not just in Cat but in every 2-category. In slightly different terminology, the left Kan extension of a 1-cell along a 1-cell in a 2-category is a pair where is a 2-cell which reflects the object along the functor . Equivalently, it is such a pair such that for every , the function
is a bijection.
In this form, the definition generalizes easily to any n-category for any . If is an -category, we say that the left Kan extension of a 1-morphism along a 1-morphism is a pair , where is a 1-morphism and is a 2-morphism, with the property that for any 1-morphism , the induced functor
is an equivalence of -categories.
We say that a Kan extension is preserved by a functor if the composite is a Kan extension of along , and moreover the universal natural transformation is the composite of with the universal transformation .
If the codomain category admits certain (co)limits, then left and right Kan extensions can be constructed, over each object ("point") of the domain category out of these: Kan extensions that admit this form are called pointwise. (Reviews include (Riehl, I 1.3)).
The notion of pointwise Kan extensions deserves to be discussed in the general context of enriched category theory, which we do below. The reader may want to skip ahead to the section
which discusses the situation in ordinary (Set-enriched) category theory in terms of ordinary limits ("conical" limits, defined in terms of cones, to be distinguished from the more general weighted limits). While the formulas in that case are classical and fundamentally useful in practice, they do rely heavily on special properties of the enriching category Set.
The general formulation of pointwise Kan extensions in general enriched contexts is
In the case that the codomain category is (co)tensored these may be expressed equivalently
First, here is a characterization that doesn't rely on any computational framework:
A Kan extension, def. , is called pointwise if and only if it is preserved by all representable functors.
(Categories Work, theorem X.5.3)
Suppose given and such that for every , the weighted limit
exists. Then these objects fit together into a functor which is a right Kan extension of along . Dually, if the weighted colimit
exists for all , then they fit together into a left Kan extension . These definitions evidently make sense in the generality of -enriched category theory for a closed symmetric monoidal category. (In fact, they can be modified slightly to make sense in the full generality of a 2-category equipped with proarrows.)
In particular, this means that if is small and is complete (resp. cocomplete), then all right (resp. left) Kan extensions of functors exist along any functor .
One can prove that any Kan extension constructed in this way must be pointwise, in the sense of being preserved by all representables as above. Moreover, conversely, if a Kan extension is pointwise, then one can prove that must be in fact a -weighted colimit of , and dually; thus the two notions are equivalent.
If the -enriched category is powered over , then the above weighted limit may be re-expressed in terms of an end as
So in particular when this is
Similarly, if is tensored over , then the left Kan extension is given by a coend.
(coend formula for left Kan extension of presheaves)
The coend formula for the left Kan extension is nicely understood when thinking of and above as opposite categories and for , so that it takes presheaves on along to presheaves on , by the formula
Using the Yoneda lemma to rewrite , this is
In this form one sees that the coend produces the set whose elements are equivalence classes of pairs of morphisms
where two such are regarded as equivalent whenever there is such that
This is particularly suggestive in cases when we may think of the objects of and on the same footing, notably when is a full subcategory inclusion. For in that case we may imagine that a representative pair is a stand-in for the actual pullback of elements of via forming the composite "", only that this composite is not defined. But the above equivalence relation is precisely that under which this composite would be invariant.
In the case of functors between ordinary locally small categories, hence in the special case of -enriched category theory for Set, there is an expression of a weighted (co)limit and hence a pointwise Kan extension as an ordinary ("conical", meaning: in terms of cones) (co)limit over a comma category:
be a small category;
have all small limits.
Then the right Kan extension of a functor of locally small categories along a functor exists and its value on an object is given by the limit
is the comma category;
is the canonical forgetful functor.
Likewise, if admits small colimits, the left Kan extension of a functor exists and is pointwise given by the colimit
This appears for instance as (Borceux, I, thm 3.7.2). Discussion in the context of enriched category theory is in (Kelly, section 3.4).
A cartoon picture of the forgetful functor out of the comma category , useful to keep in mind, is
The comma category here is equivalently the category of elements of the functor
Consider the case of the left Kan extension, the other case works analogously, but dually.
First notice that the above pointwise definition of values of a functor canonically extends to an actual functor:
for any morphism in we get a functor
of comma categories, by postcomposition. This morphism of diagrams induces canonically a corresponding morphism of colimits
Now for the universal property of the functor defined this way. For denote the components of the colimiting cocone by , as in
We now construct in components a natural transformation
for defined as above, and show that it satisfies the required universal property. The components of over are morphisms
Take these to be given by
(this is similar to what happens in the proof of the Yoneda lemma, all of these arguments are variants of the argument for the Yoneda lemma, and vice versa). It is straightforward, if somewhat tedious, to check that these are natural, and that the natural transformation defined this way has the required universal property.
We have seen that if has enough limits or colimits, then a pointwise Kan extension can be defined in terms of these limits, and will necessarily satisfy the universal property described first. However, not all Kan extensions are pointwise: that is, having a universal transformation does not necessarily imply that the individual values of are limits or colimits in its codomain. Non-pointwise Kan extensions can exist even when does not admit very many limits.
It should be noted, though, that pointwise Kan extensions can still exist, and hence the particular requisite limits/colimits exist, even if is not (co)complete. For instance, the Kan extensions that arise in the study of derived functors are pointwise, and in fact absolute (preserved by all functors), even though their codomains are homotopy categories which generally do not admit all limits and colimits.
Non-pointwise Kan extensions seem to be very rare in practice. However, the abstract notion of Kan extension (sometimes called simply "extension") in a 2-category, and its dual notion of lifting, can be useful in 2-category theory. For instance, bicategories such as Prof admit all right extensions and right liftings; a bicategory with this property may be considered a horizontal categorification of a closed monoidal category.
Am absolute Kan extension is one which is preserved by all functors out of the codomain of :
(same for right Kan extensions).
The most prominent example of absolute Kan extensions is given by adjoint functors; in fact they can be defined as certain absolute Kan extensions. See there for the precise statement.
Absolute Kan extensions are always pointwise, as the latter can be defined as those preserved by representables; there are (lots of) examples of pointwise Kan extensions which are not absolute.
Note that in a general 2-category, absolute Kan extensions make perfect sense, while for defining pointwise ones more structure is needed: comma objects and/or some structure which would let us work with (co)limits inside that 2-category (such as a (co)Yoneda structure or a proarrow equipment).
The global definition of Kan extensions for functors in terms of left/right adjoints to pullbacks may be interpreted essentially verbatim in the context of (∞,1)-categories
See at (∞,1)-Kan extension.
The Kan extension of a functor may be regarded more abstractly as an extension-problem in the 2-category Cat of categories. The same extension problem can be stated verbatim in any 2-category and hence there is a corresponding more general notion of Kan extensions of 1-morphisms in 2-categories. This is discussed in (Lack 09, section 2.2).
The question of defining a pointwise Kan extension in a general 2-category is more subtle, and there are at least two distinct approaches. If the 2-category has comma objects, then we can define a Kan extension to be pointwise if it remains a Kan extension upon pasting with any comma object; this is an "internalization" of the above definition in terms of conical colimits. On the other hand, in a 2-category equipped with proarrows we can define pointwise Kan extensions as particular weighted (co)limits using a representable weight; this generalizes the above definition as a weighted (co)limit.
In some 2-categories such as , both definitions agree; but in others they do not, and in general in this case it is the equipment-theoretic version that is "correct". For instance, in the equipment-theoretic version gives the right notion of pointwise Kan extension, whereas the comma-object one is too strong.
As a concrete example, let , so that ; then comma objects are not informative enough because they "don't see the 2-cells". In even more specificity, let be the walking 2-cell and the walking pair of parallel 1-morphisms, with and the inclusions of the common domain of the parallel 1-morphisms; then the equipment-theoretic-pointwise is constant at the domain object, whereas the comma-object-pointwise does not exist. See (Roald, Example 2.24) for details.
Let be a suitable enriching category (a cosmos). Notably may be Set.
For a -enriched functor between small -enriched categories we have
the left Kan extension along takes representable presheaves to their image under :
for all .
if is a full and faithful functor then and in fact the -unit of an adjunction is a natural isomorphism
whence it follows (by this property of adjoint functors) that is itself a full and faithful functor.
The second statement appears for instance as (Kelly, prop. 4.23).
For the first statement, using the coend formula for the left Kan extension above we have naturally in the expression
Here the last step is called sometimes the co-Yoneda lemma. It follows for instance by observing that is equivalently dually the expression for the left Kan extension of the non-representable along the identity functor.
Similarly for the second, if is any -enriched functor with tensored over , then its left Kan extension evaluated on the image of is
The following statement says that left exact functors into toposes have left exact left Kan extension along the Yoneda embedding (Yoneda extension) and that this is the inverse image of a geometric morphism of sheaf toposes if the original functor preserves covers.
(We state this in (∞,1)-category theory, the same statement holds true in plain category theory by just disregarding all occurences of "".)
Let be an (∞,1)-topos and let be an (∞,1)-site with (∞,1)-sheaf (∞,1)-category . Then the (∞,1)-functor
given by precomposition with ∞-stackification/sheafification and with the (∞,1)-Yoneda embedding is a full and faithful (∞,1)-functor. Moreover, its essential image consisist of those (∞,1)-functors which are left exact and which preserve covers in that for a covering in , then is an effective epimorphism in .
This appears as Lurie, HTT, prop. 22.214.171.124.
Prop. is a central statement in the theory of classifying toposes. See there for more.
For more discussion of left exactness properties preserved by left Kan extension see also (Borceux-Day, Karazeris-Protsonis).
Let be a small opfibration of categories, and let be a category with all small colimits. Then for each the inclusion
of the fiber over into the comma category given by
has a left adjoint. given by
where is a coCartesian lift of .
Therefore (by the discussion here) it is a cofinal functor. Accordingly, the local formula for the left Kan extension
is equivalently given by taking the colimit over the fiber:
A similar result holds for -categories. See Lurie, HTT, prop. 188.8.131.52, set and .
The central point about examples of Kan extensions is:
Kan extensions are ubiquitous .
To a fair extent, category theory is all about Kan extensions and the other universal constructions: limits, adjoint functors, representable functors, which are all special cases of Kan extensions – and Kan extensions are special cases of these.
Listing examples of Kan extensions in category theory is much like listing examples of integrals in analysis: one can and does fill books with these. (In fact, that analogy has more to it than meets the casual eye: see coend for more).
Keeping that in mind, we do list some special cases and special classes of examples that are useful to know. But any list is necessarily wildly incomplete.
For the point, the right Kan extension of is the limit of , and the left Kan extension is the colimit .
For a morphism of sites coming from a functor of the underlying categories, the left Kan extension of functors along is the inverse image operation .
see also examples of Kan extensions
Examples of Kan extensions that are not point-wise are discussed in Borceux, exercise 3.9.7.
For more on the following see also
The basic example for left Kan extensions using the above pointwise formula, is in the construction of the pullback of sheaves along a morphism of topological spaces. Let be a continuous map and a presheaf over . Then the formula clearly defines a presheaf on , which is in fact a sheaf if is. On the other hand, given a presheaf over we can not define pullback presheaf because might not be open in general (unless is an open map). For Grothendieck sites such would not make even sense. But one can consider approximating from above by for all which are open and take a colimit of this diagram of inclusions (all are bigger, so getting down to the lower bound means going reverse to the direction of inclusions). But inclusion implies . The latter identity involves only open sets. Thus we take a colimit over the comma category of . If is a sheaf, the colimit understood as a rule is still not a sheaf, we need to sheafify. The result is sheaf-theoretic pullback
which is a sheaf, and one can analyze this construction to show that is a left adjoint to . This usage of left Kan extension persists in the more general case of Grothendieck topologies.
We list here some occurrences of Kan extensions in physics.
Notice that since, by the above discussion, Kan extensions are ubiquitous in category theory and are essentially equivalent to other standard universal constructions such as notably co/limits, to the extent that there is a relation between category theory and physics at all, it necessarily also involves Kan extensions, in some guise. But here is a list of some example where they appear rather explicitly.
In extended quantum field theory on open and closed manifolds, usually the theory "in the bulk" (on closed manifolds) is induced by "extending" that "on the boundary", and in good cases this extension is explicitly a (homotopy)-Kan extension. This is the case notably for 2d TQFT in the form of TCFT (Costello 04), see at TCFT – Classification for details.
When path integral quantization is formalized in terms of fiber integration in generalized cohomology (as surveyed at motivic quantization) then the push-forward step, hence the path integral itself, is given by left homotopy Kan extension of parameterized spectra. For explicit details see (Nuiten 13, section 4.1), also (Schreiber 14, section 6.2). By example 6.3, a special case of this is the integration formulas via Kan extension in (Hopkins-Lurie 14, section 4).
Generally, for a functor, the induced "precomposition" functor on functor categories
is spoken of as pulling back a functor on to a functor on , as this operation goes in the direction opposite to that of itself. For this reason, we have above denoted this functor by . Likewise, one might call the (left or right) Kan extensions along a push forward of functors from to functors on .
This notation also coincides with that for geometric morphisms in one case: any functor between small categories induces a geometric morphism of presheaf toposes, whose inverse image is the above and whose direct image is the right Kan extension functor. Note that preserves (finite) limits, as required of an inverse image functor, since it has a left adjoint, namely left Kan extension.
On the other hand, if is additionally a flat functor, then the above precomposition functor is also the direct image of a geometric morphism, whose inverse image is given by left Kan extension (which preserves finite limits when is flat). More generally, if and are sites and is flat and preserves covering families (i.e. it is a morphism of sites), then precomposition is the direct image of a geometric morphism between sheaf toposes.
For example, and might be the posets and of open subsets of topological spaces (or locales) and and inclusions, in which case
come from continuous maps of topological spaces going the other way
via the usual inverse image of open subsets.
Thus, in such cases, the functor , which looks like a pullback of functors along , corresponds geometrically to a push-forward of (pre)sheaves along . Therefore, in presheaf literature (such as Categories and Sheaves) the precomposition functor induced by is usually denoted and not .
It is however noteworthy that also the opposite perspective does occur in geometrically motivated examples. For instance
if is the discrete category on smooth space and is the discrete category on the smooth space underlying the Lie group , then smooth functors (i.e. functors internal to smooth spaces) can be identified with smooth -valued functions on , and the functor on these functor categories induced by a smooth functor does correspond to the familiar notion of pullback of functions;
and similar in higher degrees: if is the smooth path groupoid of a smooth space and the smooth group regarded as a one-object Lie groupoid, then smooth functors correspond to smooth 1-forms on , and precomposition with a smooth functor corresponds to the familiar notion of pullback of 1-forms.
This means that whether or not Kan extensions correspond geometrically to pushforward or to pullback depends on the way (covariant or contravariant) in which the domain categories , are identified with geometric entities.
Kan extension, (∞,1)-Kan extension
Textbook sources include
Francis Borceux, section 3.7 of Handbook of Categorical Algebra I
Kashiwara and Shapira, section 2.3 in Categories and Sheaves
The book
has a famous treatment of Kan extensions with a statement: "The notion of Kan extensions subsumes all the other fundamental concepts in category theory". Of course, many other fundamental concepts of category theory can also be regarded as subsuming all the others.
Lecture notes with an eye towards applications in homotopy theory include
For Kan extensions in the context of enriched category theory see
and chapter 4 of
Cambridge University Press, Lecture Notes in Mathematics 64, 1982, Republished in: Reprints in Theory and Applications of Categories, No. 10 (2005) pp. 1-136 (pdf)
The (∞,1)-category theory notion is discussed in section 4.3 of
For uses of Kan extension in the study of algebras over an algebraic theory see
Preservation of certain limits by left Kan extended functors is discussed in
Francis Borceux, and Brian Day, On product-preserving Kan extension, Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society, Vol 17 (1977), 247-255 (pdf)
Panagis Karazeris, and Grigoris Protsonis, Left Kan extensions preserving finite products (pdf)
The general notion of extensions of 1-morphisms in 2-categories is discussed in
Steve Lack, A 2-categories companion, in John Baez, Peter May, Towards Higher Categories, Springer, (2009) (arXiv:math/0702535)
Seerp Roald Koudenburg, Algebraic weighted colimits, arXiv
Last revised on June 15, 2019 at 18:16:34. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.


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Best practices for submitting and reporting on actual work (Project Server 2010)
Applies to: Project Server 2010
Topic Last Modified: 2012-01-30
Organizations choose to track work that is performed by resources in many ways. Microsoft Project Server 2010 supports flexibility for the varying tracking needs of organizations. Some organizations require the work submitted by resources to be recorded on a day-to-day basis, especially if the actual work is used for billing, payroll, or other financial purposes. Project Server 2010 can be used to capture actual work submitted by users. Some organizations choose to transfer actual work to other enterprise resource planning (ERP) and reporting systems. For example, an organization might choose to use Project Server 2010 to capture actual work, but then transfer the actual work to an accounting tool to drive invoicing to internal and external customers.
Because Project Server helps you manage projects, actual work can be captured in multiple ways, and it is displayed in the way that makes it most useful for the user who is accessing it. For example, in the timesheet the focus is on user-entered data on a per-day (or per-period) basis, whereas in the Microsoft Project client the focus is on the aggregate, or scalar, value for work completed and remaining on a task to help with planning.
This article outlines the set of best practices for submitting and reporting on actual work in Project Server 2010.
1. Use single entry mode
The best practice to help make sure that actual work is populated correctly throughout Project Server 2010 is to use single entry mode and have resources only enter actual work through the Timesheet view.
To turn on single entry mode:
On the Quick Launch, in the Settings section, click Server Settings.
On the Server Settings page, in the Time and Task Management section, click Timesheet Settings and Defaults.
In the Single Entry Mode section, select the Single Entry Mode check box.
If your organization is using single entry mode, it may be in your best interests to hide the Tasks view completely so that resources can only enter actual work by using the Timesheet view. When both views are available, users can enter actual work in either view, and the data is persisted in both views. If your organization pulls data from timesheets to drive billing or payroll, for example, the best practice is to only allow users to enter actual work in the Timesheet view. This reduces the possibility for actual work to be incorrectly overwritten if a user can also enter actual work in the Tasks view.
An exception to this best practice is if there are material resources. Assignment owners for material resources must enter time for those material resources by using the Tasks view. If your organization has assignment owners that record time for material resources, the Tasks view should remain visible, and users should be instructed to only enter actual work for their assignments in the Timesheet view.
To hide the Tasks view:
On the Quick Launch, in the Settings section, click Server Settings.
On the Server Settings page, in the Look and Feel section, click Quick Launch.
Under Set Menu Item Details, click the Tasks view, in the Name column.
Click No in the Display link in Quick Launch list, and then click OK.
There are a few important notes to consider when single entry mode is enabled in your organization. Let's say a user's timesheet contains a line for a particular assignment, and that assignment is deleted. The next time that the user opens that timesheet, the line associated with the deleted assignment may be removed, depending on the following conditions:
If the line contains no user entries, it is removed.
If user updates are not protected, and the line contains approved actual work, it is removed.
If user updates are protected, and the line contains approved actual work, the line remains in the timesheet. However, if the approved timesheet is recalled, then the line is removed.
If the line contains actual work that has been entered into the timesheet but that is still pending approval, the line is removed, even when user updates are protected.
Project managers should use caution when deleting or changing assignments, to be sure that all submitted actual work is reviewed before the change or deletion. This helps to ensure that valid user-entered data is not lost. Assignments can be explicitly or implicitly changed in any of the scenarios listed below:
The project manager explicitly deletes an assignment for which there are pending actual work updates.
The project plan containing the assignment is restored from its archive.
The project plan containing the assignment is deleted.
The project plan containing the assignment is overwritten, using the Save As functionality in Microsoft Project 2010.
2. Protect user updates
Some organizations might choose to prevent a project manager from updating a team member's actual work inside the project.
Project managers are unable to update a resource's actual work recorded on a timesheet.
If your organization wants to maintain resource-entered values for actual work in the timesheets and make sure that value is reflected in the project plan, then the best practice is to turn on the feature in Project Server 2010 that protects user updates.
To protect user updates:
On the Quick Launch, in the Settings section, click Server Settings.
On the Server Settings page, in the Time and Task Management section, click Task Settings and Display.
In the Protect User Updates section, select the Only allow task updates via Tasks and Timesheets check box.
When you protect user updates, timesheets always maintain exactly what the user entered for timephased work, and the scalar values between timesheets and the project plan are always consistent. However, the timephased distribution of the scalar value may be slightly different in the project plan, as it is geared toward future work planning and not maintenance of actual work historical values. The scheduling engine may adjust some timephased actual work to keep the plan consistent.
3. Use submitted actual work from timesheets, instead of project plans, for timephased reporting
Actual work can be captured by using either the project client (project plan) or timesheets. However, many users only capture actual work directly from their resources by using timesheets, especially if they are also protecting actual updates as previously described. When you are using timesheets to track the submission of actuals on a daily or weekly basis, the best practice is to report directly against the actual work captured in timesheets when syncing with external ERP and reporting systems. The timesheet data is specifically rendered to ensure accuracy on a historical and per-period basis exactly as the user entered it, even when conditions in the project plan have changed.
While many calculations are made in a project plan, such as cost based on cost rates, these can be easily replicated with timesheet data. The project plan, on the other hand, renders the actual work data (and other schedule data) with an emphasis on future work planning (analytics and earned value calculations). Therefore, there may be circumstances where the user-entered value in the timesheet does not exactly match the same value in the project plan for a specific day. However the overall aggregate, or scalar, value for the assignment will be consistent between the project plan and the timesheet when protected actuals is enabled.
If you are reporting on submitted actual work from timesheets, it is important that resources be asked not to reassign or self-assign tasks. All assignments should go through the project manager or resource manager. This helps ensure proper handling of actual work data.
The BI Center in Microsoft Project Web App provides report templates that take advantage of the reporting database (T-SQL) and Analysis Services (OLAP). These templates may help you author reports against the timesheet's data store.
4. Use administrative time categories to track non-project work
Some organizations require the tracking of administrative activities, or non-project work. Examples of administrative activities include sick time, vacation, and work-related repetitive activities such as customer support, system maintenance, or meetings. We recommend that these activities be tracked by using administrative time categories. These categories require minimal maintenance, and time that is captured in these categories can be used to generate data analysis reports from the corresponding OLAP cube.
For more information about how to set up administrative time categories, see Administrative Time (Project Server 2010 settings).
If administrative time categories do not meet your organization's needs, and you decide to use projects to track administrative activities, the project owner should follow these guidelines for more efficient projects:
Limit the number of resources assigned to the project plan to less than 100 resources.
Limit the duration of the project plans to track administrative activities on a quarterly or half-yearly basis.
Keep tasks in the project plan automatically scheduled, with a fixed units task type.
Keep the project plan's schedule in line with time reporting periods.
5. Close tasks to updates, instead of using the Publish and Booking Type fields
Project managers may find the Publish and Booking Type fields helpful for controlling task and resource visibility. The Publish field can be used to control which tasks are visible in Project Web App, and the Booking Type field can be used to control which resources are visible during the resource planning process. However, be aware that these fields are part of the early planning process. They are not designed for limiting users' ability to continue to track time on a particular task. If the Publish and Booking Type fields are used incorrectly, they can result in the removal of task entries from a user's timesheet or task status. This is especially critical because the removal of task entries may mean the loss of submitted time.
For more information about the Publish and Booking Type fields, see the following Help articles:
If you want to close a particular task so that no additional time can be submitted, you can use the Close Task to Update option in Project Server 2010.
For more information about how to close a task to updates, see Close tasks to update (Project Server 2010 settings).
If you want to close a task to updates, perform this action at the beginning of the new timesheet period, after the previous period has been closed. This can help prevent the accidental removal of tasks that have recorded actual work. Tasks that require closure to updates are typically administrative, and the best practice is to use administrative time categories, instead of projects.
If your organization uses actual work captured in Project Server 2010 together with other ERP or reporting systems, it is in your best interests to follow the guidelines described in this article:
Use single entry mode
Protect user updates
Use submitted actual work from timesheets, instead of project plans, for timephased reporting
Use administrative time categories to track non-project work
Close tasks to updates, instead of using the Publish and Booking Type fields
By following these best practices, you are working to preserve the accuracy of the actual work data that is entered in timesheets by your organization's resources.
To maintain the actual work data for a project that has been completed or is no longer active, follow the guidance offered in Archive a completed project (Project Server 2010).
The Project Server Content Publishing team thanks the following contributors to this article:
Bobby Burns, Program Manager II, Project/Project Server
Aik Chen, Senior Support Escalation Engineer, Project/Project Server
Christophe Fiessinger, Senior Technical Product Manager, Project/Project Server
Heather O'Cull, Senior Program Manager Lead, Project/Project Server
Keshav Puttaswamy, Principal Group Program Manager, Project/Project Server
Matt Roe, Program Manager, Project/Project Server
Saurabh Sanghvi, Program Manager, Project/Project Server
Eli Sheldon, Program Manager, Project/Project Server
Brian Smith, Senior Support Escalation Engineer, Project/Project Server
Eric Zenz, Senior Program Manager Lead, Project/Project Server


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By Brian DeCandia, Sports Information Graduate Assistant
FLORENCE, S.C. – The Georgia College women's basketball team (4-12, 2-5 PBC) recorded their second Peach Belt Conference (PBC) victory of the season in a hard-fought battle at Francis Marion University (6-9, 2-7 PBC), 58-50 Friday night.
Three players in double-digit points guided the Bobcats in this matchup. Freshman Enisha Donley (Loganville, Ga.) was tied for the game-high in scoring with a career-high 17 points on 7-of-11 (.636) from the field. She also chipped in five boards, three assists and a steal. Fellow classmate Shanteona Keys (Roswell, Ga.) netted 13 of her own contributing six rebounds, six assists, three steals and three blocks.
Krysta Lewis (Woodstock, Ga.) had double-digit points off the bench, scoring 11 on 4-of-6 (.667) shooting. Forwards Belinda Schaafsma (Momence, Ill.) and Abby Slocumb (Suwanee, Ga.) were beasts on the boards again grabbing eight and nine, respectively. Christian was the only bright spot for the Patriots, scoring 17 on 5-of-12 (.417) shooting from beyond the arc.
GC went down quickly 3-0 with a triple from Brittany Christian at the 18:15 mark, but the Bobcats busted out of their cage, going on a 15-2 run over the next eight minutes. The remainder of the first half was back-and-forth as the 'Cats went up 32-20 into the break.
In the second stanza GC quickly went up by 16, 36-20. The Patriots would not go quietly into that good night cutting the Bobcat lead to a mere six points with 2:16 remaining. That would not be enough time as the 'Cats held off Francis Marion's final march.
The Bobcats shot 42.6 percent (20-47) from the field and 7-of-16 (.438) from three. GC struggled from the line shooting 11-of-16 (.688). The Bobcats limited Francis Marion to just 25.4 percent (16-63) shooting from the field and 7-of-26 (.269) from long range. Rebounds were tied at 40 apiece, while the Bobcats lost the turnover battle 29-24. GC recorded double-digit blocks for the first time this season with 10.
The Bobcats continue their weekend road trip traveling to PBC foe UNC Pembroke Sunday, Jan. 22 set for a 1:30 p.m. start.
The Georgia College Department of Athletics, two-time winners of the PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 10 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Bobcat Athletics prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the teams' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at www.twitter.com/BobcatSports and www.facebook.com/gcbobcats for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit www.GCBobcats.com for more information, and to nominate your favorite former Bobcats and Colonials to the GC Athletics Hall of Fame.


text:
BBC News
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Friday, November 5, 2010
Pigtales and Quilts embellished Doll Quilt story...
Thearica from Pigtales and Quilts made this darling quilt for her granddaughter's 7th birthday. What a wonderful gift that she will always cherish. The story about her granddaughter is sweet. Thanks for this sweet submission. Make sure to check out Thearica's blog!
I presented this to my granddaughter on a visit she made to our home with her aunt and uncle. She knelt down on her knees and started finding all of the fairies I had hidden among the flowers. She spotted the little pig that I included right away! She loved it and that made all of those many hours of laborous work absolutely worth it!
11 comments:
- Quiet Quilter said...
- November 5, 2010 at 3:09 AM
- Penny said...
Precious :)
- November 5, 2010 at 3:20 AM
- Leslie said...
oh my goodness this is amazing...such intricate detailed work. such a great job!
- November 5, 2010 at 6:30 AM
- creativedawn said...
WOW! what a wonderful gift!
- November 5, 2010 at 6:35 AM
- Happy Cottage Quilter said...
- November 5, 2010 at 7:06 AM
- Ruby said...
Beautiful and sweet! Makes you want to be 7 again and have tea parties with the dolls and bears!! :)
- November 5, 2010 at 5:52 PM
- SewSara said...
the details are amazing!! i'd never have the patience for that. so beautiful!!
- November 5, 2010 at 7:21 PM
- Thearica said...
Thank you very much for running my story! :)
- November 7, 2010 at 2:42 AM
- Micki said...
I love the quilt...the details in it are amazing!
- November 7, 2010 at 10:17 AM
- Jen said...
I have seen the pictures of your grand-daughter playing tea and I bet she loved this! I know I would have loved it as a little girl! So much love in this :)
- November 8, 2010 at 8:50 PM
- amy smart said...
- November 9, 2010 at 10:41 PM
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When: Sun 17th of February 2008
Where: Varingskollen, Norway
Man of the Night
The Swatch TTR THREE(3)STAR DnB NOR Arctic Open wrapped up this week hosting some insane riding on an international level. The ten man final was packed to the brim with Norwegian riders, with Fredrik Schuderi taking home the win with huge airs that also qualified him for the SIX(6)STAR Oakley Arctic Challenge taking place this week. Schuderi also claimed the 550 TTR ranking points up for the taking and a big piece of the $10 000 USD prize purse.
Friday's qualification had twenty riders move to the semi final on Saturday afternoon. After a late afternoon warm up session, Italian rider Manuel Pietropoli, known this season for his sky-touching airs, dropped out of the event a high impact landing in the flat. Pietropoli, who finished 12th, would have been a serious contender for highest air at the Arctic Open but decided it best to save his strength for the upcoming Oakley Arctic Challenge in Oslo. He moves into Swatch TTR World No. 23.
After a high-class semifinal, ten riders moved on to a final that consisted of Norwegian riders only. Fredrik Schuderi took home the win, despite a huge slam on the deck earlier on in the competition and has moved into the TTR Top 200. Ulrik Badertecher, who has won 2 TTR TWO(2)Star events this season and sits in the TTR Top 80, finished second with insane chuck 7s, pushing Daniel Josefsen down to third. Josefsen still proved himself a worthy competitor pushing his limits with massive airs, closing in on the seven-meter mark with the highest air of the competition. Josefsen, who posted his first ever TTR result, moves on to the Arctic Challenge along with Schuderi, where both riders will have to bring their A-game if they hope to repeat their success in Varingskollen.
Terje Haakonsen was present at the THREE(3)STAR Arctic Open and decided to give personal invitations to Freddie Austbo, who now sits at TTR World No 22., and Jody Koenders to compete in the Oakley Arctic Challenge, one of the most prestigious snowboarding events in the world.


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Very interested. I very much enjoy and appreciate this thread.
Very interested. I very much enjoy and appreciate this thread.
48 years - 50 hives - TF
Joseph Clemens -- Website Under Constructioni
Here is the latest pic of the hive:
The same hive is on the far right in this picture. It is the only hive that actually has bees in it:
Not much to report other than that the bees are flying and active. And not glowing.
further updates on a.c. japonica will be on me and my father's bee blog. I think my father is hoping for some conversation and feedback, so comments/questions welcome.
Enjoyed reading your post, and will look at yall's blog.
I do have a question. Has any of the A. cerana japonica or other asian honeybees been exported/imported to the states?
I wondered how they faired agianist the Varroa mites? SHB if there are any in Japan?
I have a couple hives of mixed A.M. bees, as well being in a swampy area with A.M.M's flying around my feeders and various plants.
I believe japonica is highly resistent to Varroa, having evolved with it. Isn't varroa thought to have arrived in the US from some kind of Asian importation/infestation? So I'm fairly certain that importation of japonica is banned. Plus japonica has little commercial value, as they don't take to Langstroth hives well and are very prone to swarm. I don't know about SHB. If you pose your questions to my father on one of his posts on the blog (just updated today btw), I'm sure he will answer you more specifically.
I am not sure how the V mite arrived in the states. I will investagate, and look into it. I just a curious fellow. I am an education major (math/science), so I am always looking for lesson plan ideas, that I think students will enjoy.
I can't find much about cerana imports to the states, other than they kill the Giant Hornet, which I have seen in documentories, AWESOME! Those things are scary, I would RUN away fast if I saw one.
I just wondered about the SHB in Japan, since they have closed imports of EU bees. I know they came here via Florida by way of Africa. Florida seems to be a gateway for introducing aliens (non-native animals) to our eco-system. I did not know, if all species of cerana were banned. As I know some species in India are used in honey producton. I enjoyed yall's blog.
Last edited by JRing; 07-07-2011 at 08:31 PM. Reason: grammer >-/
Very cool thread Arthur. Thanks.
My understanding is that apis m. do not do all that well in Japan. It takes a lot of TLC to keep the hives going according to reports from my father who has talked to beekeepers in Japan.
I'm looking forward to my first taste of japonica honey, which I understand is a different experience than apis m. honey.
Btw, it's not that japonica doesn't make honey you can eat, it's that it's not suited for large commercial production.
japonica cutout placed in langstroth style hives...
my father's recent updates and pics from Japan...
our shared blog:
My father took a photo of this japonica swarm. Successfully hived.
Our blog: http://bees.arthurwestover.com/
Lots more updates from my father in Japan with A. c. japonica.
Here's the very latest from last week.
There are a few very nice You tube videos on the traditional Japanese hive. There are rumors of these type hives influencing Abbot Warre in his hive designs.
It would be interesting to set up a Warre hive with the inner parts of the Japanese hive. Said to be a design more than 1000 years old , it's simple, and elegant.
Perhaps wild bees would do well in them, as they are often smaller colonies.


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WellPoint's first-quarter net income fell 21 percent as the nation's second-largest health insurer adjusted to coverage changes introduced by the health care overhaul.
But the Blue Cross Blue Shield insurer touted the underlying strength of its business and once again raised its 2014 forecast after reporting on Wednesday quarterly earnings that topped Wall Street expectations. Its stock climbed in premarket trading after it released results.
The federal overhaul expanded coverage to millions of people starting this year, but the law also enacted taxes and fees, as well as changes to how insurers write their coverage.
Those changes led to insurance coverage with richer benefits and higher costs at the start of the year, spokeswoman Kristin Binns said. Those higher costs came from items like the law's requirement for complete coverage of preventive services and from plans with lower deductibles, which don't encourage patients to hold off on using their insurance.
Deductibles are the amount a patient must pay out of pocket before most insurance coverage starts. With high deductible plans, insurers typically see a rise in claims or expenses at the end of the year as customers pay off their deductibles and then rush to use their coverage before that deductible resets in the new year.
The insurer's general and administrative expenses climbed 28 percent to $2.49 billion in the quarter in part because of these factors, Binns said.
WellPoint has made a bigger bet than some of its competitors on the overhaul, which expands the state-federal Medicaid program and introduced state-based insurance exchanges on which people can buy coverage with help from income-based tax credits. The insurer is counting on its well-known Blue Cross-Blue Shield brand to help sell coverage on 14 exchanges.
It also expects significant growth from the Medicaid expansion. WellPoint's 2012 acquisition of fellow insurer Amerigroup gave it a presence in several states where coverage is expanding. The insurer said Wednesday it added 121,000 Medicaid members in the first three months of the year.
Overall, WellPoint earned $701 million, or $2.40 per share, in the three months that ended March 31. That's down from $885.2 million, or $2.89 per share, in last year's quarter. Earnings excluding one-time items totaled $2.30 per share.
Operating revenue climbed slightly to $17.64 billion. That excludes investment gains or losses.
Analysts, who typically exclude one-time items from their estimates, expected earnings of $2.10 per share on $17.95 billion in revenue, according to FactSet.
Citi analyst Carl McDonald said in a research note that it wasn't clear whether any of the factors that helped WellPoint top earnings forecasts will continue for the rest of the year.
WellPoint Inc. indicated otherwise by raising its 2014 adjusted earnings to greater than $8.40 per share after predicting earnings of more than $8.20 per share last month.
"We are off to a strong start, supporting an increase in our earnings guidance for the full year," CEO Joseph Swedish said in a statement.
Analysts expect, on average, $8.41 per share.


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TAIHE, China (Reuters) - The Chinese investment vehicle known as "Golden Elephant No. 38" promises buyers a 7.2 percent return per year. That's more than double the rate offered on savings accounts nationally.
Absent from the product's prospectus is any indication of the asset underpinning Golden Elephant: a near-empty housing project in the rural town of Taihe, at the end of a dirt path amid rice fields in one of China's poorest provinces.
"They haven't even built a proper road here," said Li Chun, a car repairman, who said he lives in the project. "The local government is holding onto the flats and only wants to sell them when prices go up."
Golden Elephant No. 38 is one of thousands of "wealth-management products", instruments aimed at monied investors, which have shown phenomenal growth over the last five years. Sales of them soared 43 percent in the first half of 2012 to 12.14 trillion yuan ($1.90 trillion), according to a report by CN Benefit, a Chinese wealth-management consultancy.
They are usually created in China's "shadow banking" system - non-banking institutions that are not subject to the same regulations as banks - which has grown to account for around a fifth of all new financing in China.
Like the subprime-debt lending spree in the United States that helped spark the 2008 financial crisis, the products are often opaque, and usually dependent on high-risk underlying assets, such as the Taihe housing project.
Financial instability in the world's second-largest economy could have global ramifications, and warning bells have begun to sound about the way these products are marketed in China.
It has become a mammoth industry, comprising an array of financial products. Analysts have different ways of measuring the size of the sector. Barclays estimates some 22 trillion yuan worth of wealth management products will be issued this year. Fitch Ratings says China's banks had about 10.4 trillion yuan in wealth management product liability at the end of June this year
Reuters reviewed more than 50 wealth-management and trust loan products, available online and at bank branches in China, with the aim of tracking, for the first time in certain cases, where investors' money in these products ends up.
All, except two, failed to explain or even display the underlying asset behind the product.
The China Banking Regulatory Commission, which oversees banking products, said more than 20,000 wealth management products were now in circulation, from a few hundred just five years ago.
In an email response to the questions raised in this story, the regulator told Reuters new banking regulations require more transparency about these products.
"It is uncommon to find wealth management products that fail to clearly specify the underlying securitized assets," it said, adding that a regulation issued last year "clearly states that WMP prospectuses must indicate how the money is being used, and the percentage of money that is being put into each asset class."
The commission is looking into further strengthening the regulatory framework over these products, and "will continue to encourage the wealth management industry's growth under the principles of transparency and sufficient risk control".
After a five-year bonanza in sales of these products, signs of trouble are building. China Credit Trust Co, one of the country's biggest trust companies, has disclosed that one of its wealth funds, Jinkai #1, is at risk of default because of money it lent to coal company Zhenfu energy Group. Zhenfu's boss has been arrested, amid reports he owed a total of 500 million yuan.
"Zhenfu Group and related companies have already been sued three times in the second quarter, all because of off-the-balance-sheet fundraising from underground channels," China Credit Trust said on its website, adding that government teams were trying to sort out who was owed what.
If the fund were to fail, it would be one of the first in China's fast-growing trust industry and open up a test case on who is ultimately liable when investment products go bad.
It called to mind the massive losses and widespread bankruptcies in China's trust industry a decade or so ago, when the Guongdong International Trust and Investment Corporation, then one of China's largest state-owned companies, went bankrupt. Some analysts are warning of potential fraud in the industry.
"Some banks have been using new (wealth-management product) proceeds to cover losses from previous products in the pool," said David Cui, a strategist at BofA Merrill Lynch. "In our view, this is not fundamentally different from a Ponzi scheme. The music may stop at a certain point if and when WMP asset size stops expanding."
Wealth management products are investment tools with a short maturity that banks market as a low risk vehicle for returns higher than savings deposits. The products pool money to invest in a variety of different assets. Some of them, such as the Golden Elephant and Jinkai #1, are linked to high-risk trust loans, with the banks playing a middleman role between the trust company and investor.
At first, products such as Golden Elephant were viewed as a beneficial way for China's banks to manage troubled loans and for its citizens to grow their money by investing beyond the government-set savings rate.
But as China's growth engine slows, concerns are rising that the mountain of products, many with a maturity of a mere four weeks, will struggle to keep the money flowing in. That would leave banks and investors on the hook for any bad lending stemming from these products and strain the financial system at a time when the country's economy looks fragile.
"The concern is if some investors begin to experience losses in these products, this could create a panic among other investors," said Mike Werner, an analyst at Sanford Bernstein. "This could result in investors fleeing these products and result in a liquidity squeeze for this market."
Especially worrisome is the quality and transparency of the products. Liu Shiyu, a vice-governor at the country's central bank, said in June many banks had failed to sufficiently disclose the risks involved in investing in these products, but he did not announce any measures to curb the sector's growth.
The 14-page prospectus for "Wealth Management Plan No. 350", sold by China Merchants Bank, says it aims to raise 200 million yuan ($35 million). Not until page 5 is it revealed that the product is linked to the Railway Ministry - whose 2.2 trillion yuan debt ($346 billion) exceeds the combined worth of all major U.S. banks.
The railway operator is seeking to refinance 2.43 trillion yuan ($392 billion). The state-run Beijing Times said it lost 7 billion yuan in the first quarter of this year alone, hit by debt repayments of more than 28 billion yuan in January-March.
The prospectus also says up to 70 percent of the product's proceeds can be used for investments in "other assets", without saying what these assets are. Bank officials said the money is usually put into a common pool for investments, but said they were unable to say exactly where the money was invested.
In the American subprime-mortgage bubble, much of the credit-derivative obligations and other investment instruments underpinned by risky home loans were deemed AAA by ratings agencies. In China, domestic agencies give the railway ministry's bonds their highest ratings — higher even than U.S. treasuries.
A product called "Wealth Accumulator," sold by Bank of China, only states that the money is being put into high-quality assets that will yield guaranteed returns "significantly higher than term deposits of similar tenor." No other details are offered.
"The problem is that not even high net-worth Chinese people may fully understand the risks involved," said Gigi Chan, who runs the China Opportunities Fund at Threadneedle Investments, which manages more than $123 billion in assets globally.
"They're being told there are guaranteed returns, and people need to consider if these returns are really guaranteed."
The 5 trillion yuan trust industry, sometimes referred to as "shadow banks", emerged soon after China began opening up in 1979. It was meant to encourage innovation within the financial services sector by lending to higher risk companies that traditional banks would not lend to.
Initially, the trust companies handed out loans by channeling money from institutional investors to companies that needed them, taking a cut in the process. That has changed in the past few years.
Banks started working closely with trust companies by packaging trust loans into bite-sized wealth management products to cater to yield-chasing depositors, or by selling trust loan products directly to its depositor base at their retail branches.
Banks also began transferring non-performing debts to roughly 60 trust companies, which in turn packaged the debt into investment products that were sold back to retail customers or marketed with a bank. These vehicles typically focused on property investments, because Beijing was cracking down on bank loans to developers.
Around the same time, many Chinese banks began offering higher returns on securities they labeled "wealth management products" to people looking for a better return on their money.
Deposit growth at Chinese banks, meanwhile, slowed to around 13 percent last year, its slowest pace in decades.
Money flowing out of saving deposits and into wealth-management products poses a potential threat to banking stability, because it reduces the amount of money banks have on hand to lend and could lead to cash pressures, analysts warn.
"Fitch has long emphasized that the greatest risk associated with Chinese banks' wealth management activity is the strain it places on funding and liquidity," Fitch analyst Charlene Chu said in a research note. "The risk was easily controllable when the amount of outstanding products remained small. But it is increasingly difficult for Chinese banks to manage."
Chinese banks say they prefer straight deposits, but that the wealth tools are a response to the demands of a market that has shown explosive growth.
"Customer expectations on financial services have been rising," China Construction Bank President Zhang Jianguo told Reuters. "To ensure our wholesome development, to keep customers and attract new ones, wealth management products have now become an essential part of any financial offering."
All other banks mentioned in this report declined to comment.
The banking regulator implemented rules last year to curb sales of some of the riskier products, including those with one-month or less maturity dates, and those linked to Chinese pawn shops.
But most products still carry tenures of less than one year — advisory firm KPMG says only 3 percent extend beyond two years. Information is opaque, rules are open to interpretation.
"One of the key problems is that short-term financing is being used to pay for a long-term project," said May Yan, head of China bank research at Barclays in Hong Kong. "Infrastructure projects should be funded by long-term bonds. Unfortunately, China doesn't have that."
The banking regulator has tried to protect the small investor with a rule issued last year requiring that only individuals with more than 1 million yuan in cash could invest directly into trust products.
At bank branches in two Chinese cities visited as part of the Reuters review, that rule was easy to get around.
Customers at banks in Nanchang and Shenzhen, unable to cough up the initial 1 million yuan investment, were offered the option of pooling their money together with others to meet the minimum sum required.
The trusts, also called "shadow banks", create the wealth management products and then give them to banks to sell to their customers.
The bank staff Reuters spoke to stressed the low-risk nature of the products, despite the higher-than-normal returns being promised. They often could not say where the proceeds of the product would be invested.
"On paper, these are not principal guaranteed but you don't have to worry about that," said a wealth manager at a local branch of Bank of Communications, China's No. 5 lender. "All our clients who've previously bought these products got their principal plus interest back."
It is not entirely clear who bears the risk if the products default.
China's courts have in the past ordered banks to compensate investors who had lost money buying mutual funds and other financial products, prompting some to suggest a string of such defaults could weigh heavily on China's major lenders.
But the fine print in most of the documentation for these products puts the onus squarely on the investor.
"The question really is, at the end of the day, who is on the hook?" said Werner at Sanford Bernstein.
Hao Xueqi, a homemaker who was at Shenzen branch of China Construction Bank, was unfazed.
"I've bought these products and have always gotten my money back," she said. "I usually go with the bigger banks because they have a better reputation and won't close down with my money."
The proceeds from sales of the "Golden Elephant" product were channeled to Taihe City Construction Co., a local government financing vehicle. Taihe is an agricultural town in impoverished Jiangxi province, where annual incomes reached 4,500 yuan a year in 2010, barely a tenth of Beijing residents.
Taihe City Construction Co. used the 50 million yuan raised to pay off part of the cost of constructing the subsidized housing units, according to the product's prospectus.
"The central government wanted more subsidized housing, so they just removed all the farmers here and told them to leave," said Taihe resident Xiao Hongmei. "The farmers who used to live here were promised flats, but many of them haven't got anything so far."
A spokesman at the publicity department of the Taihe government office declined to comment, referring queries to the Jiangxi provincial government.
Xu Weiguo, a deputy director at the province's economic planning department, said Jiangxi was a model province in keeping any economic risks to a minimum.
"We always study the central government's instructions very closely and follow the rules," Xu said in a telephone interview. "There will not be any problems with our books."
Editing by Bill Tarrant


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Religious rights debate delays same-sex marriage vote
Senate GOP acts to shield religious groups in talks about same-sex marriage
ALBANY -- State Senate Republican worries about inadequate protection of religious organizations continue to delay passage of a bill to legalize same-sex marriage.
"There is a concern right now as to the unintended consequences of some of the religious clauses, carve outs, protections, and we're reviewing that," said Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos, R-Long Island.
Skelos said Gov. Andrew Cuomo is "receptive" to changes, but the Senate GOP spent another three hours Friday morning privately discussing same-sex marriage before declaring, again, that further deliberation was needed.
While 31 senators support the bill, one less than needed for its passage, Republicans who control the chamber have not scheduled it for a vote. A bill drafted by Cuomo passed the Assembly Wednesday night.
The Legislature adjourned for the weekend, pushing the issue into next week. The session is scheduled to end Monday, but lawmakers face other crucial unfinished business, including New York City rent control and a property tax cap.
Cuomo remained confident same-sex marriage would "pass at the right time," and left open the possibility he would extend the legislative session beyond Monday if a resolution was not reached this weekend.
Religious leaders and legal experts disagree about the exact impacts of the current bill. New York City Roman Catholic Archbishop Timothy Dolan said on Talk 1300 that it contains only reiterations of existing protections, and that "what government gives, government can take away."
Existing state law prohibits discrimination against people based on their sexual orientation (as well as race and gender) but exempts private organizations and religious organizations. The bill reiterates that churches and private, fraternal organizations like the Knights of Columbus are "distinctly private" and not forced to give facilities related to a same-sex ceremony.
The bill further states that any religious groups, as well as any organization it operates for "charitable or educational purposes" cannot be faulted for any act "calculated by such organization to promote the religious principles for which it is established or maintained."
Edward Mechmann, an attorney who works for the Catholic Conference, met with Cuomo's top aides to point out what it sees as problems. The bill's language only references parts of the human rights law, but doesn't tie in to the public accommodations law, which mandates any restaurant, hotel or catering hall that isn't completely private must serve everybody. "Unless you're given a specific exemption from that, you're required to comply," he said.
Robin Fretwell Wilson, a professor at Washington and Lee University Law School in Virginia, said the promoting religious principles clause was "broad, yet ambiguous." While the bill specifically provides protection against lawsuits for organizations, Fretwell and Mechmann fear government entities might strip away contracts, deny funding or even tax-exempt status for religious entities that are legally discriminating.
"Such risks are not speculative," said Fretwell, noting the City of San Francisco stripped the Salvation Army of $3.5 million in social service contracts. Other states, including Connecticut and Vermont, provided a specific protection, and Mechmann was concerned for religious charity organizations.
But Russell Pearce, a professor of law and religion at Fordham University in New York City, said such provisions don't currently exist in New York's non-discrimination laws, and as such, can't be impacted if same-sex marriage passed.
More Information
"It has nothing, necessarily, to do with this legislation and is trying to carve out a new privilege," he said. "The Cuomo bill is both clearer and broader about the exemption for religious institutions and charities."
Agreeing, Suzanne Golberg, director of the Columbia Law School Sexuality & Gender Law Clinic, called Mechmann's concerns "a red herring in the political debate."
But apparently one Cuomo will entertain -- for now.
"The words are very, very important," he said. "The issue here is, literally, religious freedom."
Reach Vielkind at 454-5081 or email@example.com.


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ATLANTA (AP) — Chris Smith remembered his Kris Kross hip-hop partner Chris Kelly Thursday as a true friend who he's sure is in heaven now.
Smith struggled to blurt out words at the pulpit of Jackson Baptist Memorial Church at Kelly's funeral attended by some 300 friends, family and fellow entertainers
The 34-year-old Kelly, who had the 1992 hit "Jump" with Smith, was found dead May 1 of a suspected drug overdose. His mother and uncle told authorities Kelly had a history of drug abuse and experienced similar episodes in the past, according to a police report.
"It's been a struggle for me every day, but there was a peace that came over me this morning because I know he's in heaven," Smith said, as tears fell down his face.
Kelly's mother, Donna Kelly Pratte, continuously wept while she stared at her son's casket. At the beginning of the service, she pleaded for two of the deacons not to close the coffin.
"Please don't close it," she screamed. "Please don't close it on my baby."
Before the service began, Smith walked into the church alongside rapper-producer Jermaine Dupri, who discovered the 1990s teen duo, at an Atlanta mall. Smith also talked about the last time performed he and Kelly performed together at the 20th anniversary of Durpri's label, So So Def., in late February.
"We had so many memories," Smith said. "He was a true friend. He wanted to see if I was all right. So I just want to say I love you, man, and I'll miss you."
Robert Barber, who described himself as a father figure to Kelly, said Kelly told him that he felt fulfilled after that performance.
"He called me and said, 'Unc, I feel alive,'" Barber recalled.
All of Kelly's other family and friends from DJ Nabs to his cousin LaToya Wise also had a hard time speaking at the funeral. Each of them said it's going to take a while to cope with Kelly's loss.
"It's supposed to be a celebration, but it's tough to do that today," said Wise, who read a poem about Kelly that said he was a fearless character.
Dupri and Da Brat wore their pants backward to pay homage to Kris Kross, who was known for wearing their clothes backward, but won over fans with their infectious rap hooks.
Throughout the nearly two-hour service, numerous photos were shown behind the pulpit of Kelly posing with music legends such as Michael Jackson, Gerald Levert and Patti LaBelle.
Two of the four members of the band Xscape, sisters LaTocha and Tamika Scott also performed.
"He just wanted to smile. That's all he wanted," Tamika Scott said when she arrived. "He was known to be a happy person."
Da Brat tried to speak to reporters when she arrived but stopped when she got choked up and went on into the church.
Kris Kross was introduced to the music world in 1992 by Dupri after he discovered the pair at Greenbriar Mall in southwest Atlanta. Kelly was known as "Mac Daddy" and Smith was known as "Daddy Mac."
"Jump" was the duo's first, and by far most successful song. The hit was off their multiplatinum 1992 debut album "Totally Krossed Out," featured the two trading verses and rapping the refrain, the song's title. The duo had surprising maturity in their rap delivery, though the song was written by Dupri. It would become a No. 1 smash in the United States and globally, and one of the most popular of that year.
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