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Your analysis of your local problem should give you a better understanding of the patterns of domestic violence cases and calls in your jurisdiction. Once you have analyzed your local problem or important aspects of it and established a baseline for measuring effectiveness, you should consider possible responses to address the problem.
These strategies are drawn from a variety of sources, including descriptive materials, research studies, and police reports. It is critical that you tailor responses based on reliable analysis. In most cases, an effective strategy will involve implementing several different responses. Law enforcement responses alone are seldom effective in reducing or solving the problem. Do not limit yourself to considering what police can do: carefully consider others in your community who share responsibility for the problem and can help police better respond to it. In some cases, the responsibility of responding may need to shift toward those who have the capacity to implement more effective responses. (For more detailed information on shifting and sharing responsibility, see Response Guide No. 3, Shifting and Sharing Responsibility for Public Safety Problems).
Although some communities have adopted a more integrated approach engaging advocates, police, and the criminal justice system, for the most part, recidivism remains high. In the small studies of these integrated domestic violence approaches, there is evidence that victim satisfaction is high but insufficient evidence that recidivism and revictimization rates have decreased. One commentary suggests that the small core of persistent batterers (who are violent toward others as well as their intimates) are perhaps resistant to even highly coordinated efforts.[54]
For a fuller description of the different types of integrated approaches adopted and their studies, see Buzawa and Buzawa, chapter 15 (2003).
To improve the likelihood that a comprehensive approach reduces recidivism and victimization requires a continuum of responses depending on the most reliable research and covering the different points in time most important to reducing domestic abuse: before an incident to keep it from occurring, during an incident to stop the immediate violence, and after an incident to reduce or prevent revictimization. It involves responses that focus on victims and potential victims and strategies that focus on offenders and potential offenders. As well, it involves the improved identification and reporting of cases of abuse between current and former intimates and dating partners.
The matrix below may help you organize the strategic focus, goals, and timing of your responses to domestic violence. This section is followed by information on the impact of specific responses to domestic violence strategies. Many of the responses will require the support and collaboration of other governmental agencies and community nonprofits.
|Figure 2. Matrix of Responses to Domestic Violence
|Strategic Focus
|Strategic Times for Responses
|Police Role
|Other Agencies, Organizations, Group
|At-risk population
|Before incidents
|Prevention; persuade those at risk that, if abused, call the police
|Alert and educate at-risk victim population; educate/warn at-risk offending population
|Public health organizations; domestic violence coalitions; schools and educators; medical professionals
|Peers and neighbors of at-risk individuals
|Getting peers and neighbors to call the police if they learn of domestic abuse
|Educate these groups about the importance of calling the police to reduce the violence
|Public health organizations; domestic violence coalitions; educators
|Injured women and men
|During medical care
|Screen the injured for domestic violence; raise awareness of available services; provide medical care
|Engage the medical profession and link medical professionals with appropriate referral organizations
|Medical professionals
|Individual incident
|Violence cessation
|Stop the violence; identify primary aggressor; accurately identify abuse history
|Medical and public health professionals
|Immediately after incident
|After; ongoing
|Prevent revictimization
|Assist with victim safety; develop tailored strategies for victim and offender based on risk/physical violence history; increase focus on high-risk offenders; ensure victim is linked with needed resources; increase focus on high-risk victims; ongoing monitoring
|Domestic violence victim advocates, victims friends and family, shelters, victim services, criminal justice system, treatment services
Graded approaches to both victim and offender can be effective ways to reduce revictimization. British researchers conducted several evaluations and found that significant reductions in repeat victimization are achievable.[56] The key to reduction is that, at each level, police (and others) must focus equal attention on the victim and the offender. The victim and the offender must know about the actions police have and will take in relation to each other. Graded approaches must be applied quickly because the highest risk period for further assault is within the first four weeks of the last assault.[57]
Under a graded approach victims are assigned to one of three follow-up response levels based on the following:
Incidents other than domestic violence are reviewed because they may be indicators of escalating aggressiveness (Hanmer et al. 1999).
Each of the three levels to which a victim is assigned requires some follow-up. There is in an increase in the variety and intensity of safety measures used to protect the victim and to restrict the offender from rebattering if the offenders violence and criminal history indicates he is at an increased risk to re-offend.[59] Evaluations of graded approaches found reduced domestic violence calls and increased time intervals between violence.[60] The methods to protect the victim or deter the offender can include a variety of situational crime prevention opportunity blocking mechanisms, such as the following:
With a victims permission, neighbors, relatives, friends, or all three are asked to look out for the victim and immediately call if the offender returns.
To view the 25 techniques of situational crime prevention, see www.popcenter.org/25techniques/ in the Center for Problem-Oriented Policing. Click on a particular technique to view its description.
Tailoring police responses to particular offenders based on the seriousness and frequency of their offenses has been successfully applied in the context of conventional crime and may be as useful for dealing with domestic batterers. This is likely because much domestic violence is committed by repeat and chronic offenders who may be particularly vulnerable because they often are under various forms of legal supervision due to past offending.[61]
See Kennedy, Waring, and Piehl (2001) for a description of the pulling levers/focused deterrence application in the homicide context, and Spelman (1990) for a discussion of repeat offender programs. See Kennedy (2002) for a discussion of the application of the approach to domestic violence.
According to Buzawa and Buzawa, The criminal justice system must develop the capabilities to identify those batterers for whom normal deterrence can be effective, perhaps the majority in terms of numbers of incidents [i]t should also be able to differentiate, segregate, and incapacitate batterers who must be deterred by special approaches.[62]
The Lancashire (United Kingdom) Police Constabulary placed messages about domestic violence on police vehicles, beer glass coasters in bars, utility bills, and lampposts, and used radio advertising to increase awareness of domestic violence.
As a rule, prevention is more likely to work if highly targeted. General campaigns are not typically effective. Highly targeted campaigns that focus on a specific target group or geographic area can have some impact. Offender-oriented campaigns, which are designed to raise potential offenders perceptions that there will be meaningful consequences to battering, are more likely to be effective than campaigns that appeal to potential offenders morals.
For more in-depth information about prevention campaigns and the conditions under which they are most likely to be effective, see Response Guide No. 5, Crime Prevention Publicity Campaigns.
Prevention efforts targeting potential victims should focus on those at higher risk, such as young women ages 16 to 24, as they experience the highest rates of intimate violence. Special efforts should be made to reach the poorest women in this age group as they are at an even higher risk. In addition, some recent immigrant communities, depending on the laws and privileges in the home country, may show a high level of domestic abuse, particularly if there is a lack of familiarity with assault laws in the adopted country. One of the reasons crime prevention campaigns have had limited success is that potential victims do not see themselves as such; victim-oriented prevention campaigns must overcome this threshold issue.
For a review of the research pertaining to domestic violence and immigrant populations, see Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).
See Overcoming Language Barriers: Solutions for Law Enforcement PDF
The study, which examined felony and misdemeanor violence, male and female offenders, and couples in different types of relationships, tracked victims for three years.
The American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists all endorse screening.
See Isaac and Enos (2001) for guidelines for proper medical documentation of battered patients.
In spite of these professional recommendations, most physicians are reluctant to routinely screen women for domestic violence, citing a lack of training in how to conduct screenings and insufficient knowledge of appropriate responses and referrals when a patient discloses domestic violence.[67]
The first shelter for battered women and their children opened in London in 1972. There are currently more than 2,000 shelters in the United States.[68] In most communities, shelters raise community funds for operation; in some communities, police contribute a portion of their budget to aid in shelter operation. Shelters often rely on volunteers and a few paid personnel to provide round-the-clock assistance to battered women and their families. Little is known about the number of repeat victims served annually, the length of average stays, or the effectiveness of shelter services in preventing subsequent violence.
Although there are confidentiality issues to resolve or respect, police should seek to exchange information with domestic violence victim service providers as much as possible to learn more about the domestic violence victim population, some of whom do not seek out police assistance. This information exchange can aid in identifying the highest risk victims and offenders, targeting prevention efforts, designing safety plans, and learning more about the communitys offenders.
More than 60 U.S. law schools offer student advocacy services for domestic violence victims at court proceedings (Roberts, 2002b).
Recently emerging are family justice centers, which house domestic violence victim services in one location to increase victim survival, independence, and recovery. Formerly, victim services were scattered in different places, sometimes at opposite ends of cities. If victims followed up with these fragmented services, they too often experienced the frustration of retelling the story of violence to every individual provider.
The San Diego Family Justice Center provides victims with advocacy, childcare, clothing, counseling, court support, deaf/hard-of-hearing assistance, emergency housing, food, forensic documentation of injuries, housing for pets, internet access, law enforcement, legal assistance, locksmith services, medical services, military assistance, phones, phone cards, restraining orders, support groups, safety planning, spiritual support, transportation, and victim compensation (San Diego Family Justice Center).
You should supplement official records with the victims personal knowledge about the offender. Keep in mind that for a variety of social and psychological reasons, victims may be reluctant to reveal the extent of the battering, particularly to police.
Police may consider soliciting the assistance of trained medical professionals to help determine a victims abuse history. A study of one initiative in which a doctor and a nurse (or paramedic) accompanied police on domestic violence calls found victims revealing much more about the extent to which their partner battered them than police typically elicit, suggesting that victims may feel more comfortable reporting repeat victimization to medical professionals. Even with the high levels of repeat victimization uncovered, few victims had sought counseling, shelter, or medical treatment for the prior assaults.[69]
There is great interest in developing an assessment instrument police can use to predict and help prevent domestic violence homicides. Although some such instruments exist, they tend to over-predict lethality. This is because only a very small portion of domestic violence victims are murdered and distinguishing between victims who will be murdered and those who will not remains elusive. For instance, even though offender unemployment is a risk factor, the vast majority of unemployed abusers do not murder their current or former intimates. Even when you combine unemployment with other risks it does not give you the profile of a murderer, but someone who is at an increased risk of battering.
More than 300 newspapers reported the results of the study, unprecedented coverage for that time (Fagan, 1996).
Generally, pro-arrest laws and policies apply not only to spouses, but to unmarried partners, former intimates, and persons who had or raised a child together. In many jurisdictions the laws or policies apply to both heterosexual and homosexual relationships.
Police interventions in domestic violence incidents have expanded beyond merely separating and counseling the parties; theyve become full-blown criminal investigations in which witnesses are interviewed, neighbors are canvassed, injuries are photographed, physical evidence is collected, future threats are assessed, and victims are referred to follow-up protective services and helped to plan for their future safety. In addition, some states permit police to seize firearms from alleged batterers,[72] and federal laws generally prohibit convicted misdemeanant batterers or those against whom there is a valid order of protection from possessing a gun.[73] All U.S. states now permit police to make warrantless arrests for both misdemeanor and felony assaults.[74]
The highly influential 1980s study of police interventions in domestic violence incidents in Minneapolis found deterrence value in arrest in misdemeanor domestic assaults, as compared to two other interventions separation of parties or mediation of the dispute at the scene.[75] However, less well-reported replication studies in the late 1980s produced mixed results.[76] A more recent analysis combining five of the replication studies concluded there is only some modest deterrent effect from arrest.[77] However, even this modest effect should be viewed with caution for several reasons:
A more recent study of victims of both misdemeanor and felony assaults concluded the following:
Victim advocacy groups have generally not been swayed by findings of little or modest effect of arrest. For many advocates, batterer arrest is seen as an important symbol of a womans legal right to be free of intimate partner violence[82] and, moreover, argue that police continue to arrest other types of offenders without strong evidence of its effectiveness. Arrest is believed to be an important message to children that abuse of their parent is illegal, and perhaps also a deterrent to male children as they become men. This belief has not yet been properly studied, however.
Nearly ten percent of the more than 3,000 studied battered repeatedly regardless of the intervention. This group of 250 batterers accounted for 7,380 battering incidents in the six months after the initial intervention. Interventions, even arrest, did not deter this small but violent group.
The researchers found that batterers who battered again had an increased likelihood of battering a third time, and offenders who were under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of the incident were more likely to re-offend. The researchers did not find that marital status, poverty, race, education or gender improved the effect of arrest, but because they did not have access to employment information, they could not rule out that arrest deters employed offenders but not unemployed offenders.
Victims of domestic abuse have also called for police agencies to monitor, address, and more appropriately sanction officers engaging in domestic assault. Although some police agencies have been responsive, additional efforts are required for victims to have higher levels of confidence in police agencies domestic violence response policies.
Domestic violence restraining orders are frequently violated although some offenders may be deterred by them. Some research findings suggest that a victim is more likely to seek a protective order if the partner had a criminal history of violent offending, which may be why so many orders are violated; those with robust abuse histories may be the least likely to be deterred by written limits so police are advised that more must be done in these cases.
In most jurisdictions these are obtained from civil court; however, some jurisdictions also grant concurrent jurisdiction to criminal court. Criminal courts can also issue these once a criminal proceeding begins.
Civil restraining orders were in fact developed to counter the reluctance of police, prosecutors, and criminal courts to treat domestic violence as a serious criminal matter (Buzawa and Buzawa, 2003).
For a good review of the research about protective orders, see Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).
The rationale for no-drop policies is that the state has an independent interest in seeing domestic violence offenders prosecuted because of the harm caused to victims, victims children, and potential victims.
Victim recanting remains high. As a result, many prosecutors rely on physical evidence such as photographs and medical reports of victims injuries and out-ofcourt statements (e.g., 911 call tapes of in-progress assaults) to counter uncooperative and fearful victims. For an excellent review of prosecutorial response to the increased numbers of domestic violence cases and studies of prosecutorial case screening practices, see Buzawa and Buzawa chapter 11 (2003).
No-drop policies have some drawbacks. Victim discretion is further reduced, case backlogs increase, and time to disposition is lengthened, which can strain resources devoted to pretrial victim safety.[86] The increase in prosecutorial workload can force prosecutors to trade off the prosecution of other crimes for misdemeanor battering. It is now apparent that prosecutors in no-drop jurisdictions rarely prosecute all cases; they retain some level of discretion in case filing decisions, typically at the intake and case screening point.[87] Police must therefore help prosecutors identify the most severe and chronic cases from among the many arrests and encourage prosecutors to prosecute such cases vigorously, make special efforts to protect the victim, and publicize convictions so as to maximize the general deterrent effect.
See Problem-Specific Guide No. 42, Witness Intimidation, for further information on measures to protect victim-witnesses.
Some of these courts are termed problem-solving courts, but the term in this context should not be confused with its meaning in problem-oriented policing. Problem-solving in the court context refers to solving the individual defendants personal problems that contribute to his offending rather than to addressing an aggregation of incidents. See National Center for State Courts (n.d.).
Typically in specialty courts a single judge works with a community team to develop a case plan for the defendant and uses pending criminal sanctions to compel a defendants compliance with treatment. The judge monitors compliance and imposes criminal sanctions if the defendant fails to keep to the case plan.
Early evaluations of domestic violence courts generally report on how these courts handle their workload, victim satisfaction, and issues of implementation. It remains unclear if these courts impact recidivism. Researchers who examined these courts in New York describe some of the more important unresolved issues:
Many domestic violence advocates are hesitant to embrace the idea that domestic violence courts are problem-solving courts. There are substantial differences between domestic violence courts and other problem-solving courts. Many of these differences stem from how success is measured and to whom services are offered. Drug courts can easily look to see whether defendants are successfully completing their court-mandated drug-treatment programs. But domestic violence courts are not targeted at rehabilitating defendants. Indeed, services are offered primarily to help victims achieve independence. The primary service offered to defendants is batterers programs. But in New York, batterers programs are used by domestic violence courts primarily as a monitoring tool rather than as a therapeutic device. This approach is based on the research about batterers programs, which is extremely mixed. It is unclear whether these programs have any impact at all in deterring further violence.[88]
Batterer treatment programs may take a variety of forms. Many offer group treatment with a focus on anger management. Others include individual assessments and individual counseling, and substance abuse and/or mental health treatment.[90]
Unfortunately, few batterer treatment programs have undergone thorough evaluation, and those that have show a mix of positive and negative results.[91] Court-mandated treatment is more likely to result in batterers completing programs,[92] but there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of one batterer program over another in reducing recidivism.[93]
The quality of the evaluations of batterer treatment programs have improved over time but continue to encounter both methodological and programmatic challenges as illustrated by two recent studies of batterer treatment programs, one in Broward County, Florida and the other in Brooklyn, New York.[94] In both, offender treatment was based on the Duluth treatment model, which is the most commonly used. The Broward evaluation found that treatment attendance did not reduce battering, but that offenders who were married, employed, or homeowners were less likely to batter again (that is, these offenders had a stake in conformity). Also, younger men, particularly those with no stable residence, were more likely to rebatter.[95] In Brooklyn, the evaluation showed minor improvement for some of the batterers
The Duluth model suggests that batterers seek to control their partners (or ex-partners) and this must change for batterers behavior to change (Pence and Paymar, 1993). The model helps offenders to understand how their socialized beliefs about male dominance impede intimacy; that violence is intentional and a choice designed to control their intimate partner; that the effects of abusive behavior damage the family; and that everyone has the ability to change (Minnesota Program Development, Inc.).
(that is, some reduction in the number of battering incidents for those attending a 26-week treatment program rather than the same program condensed into an eight-week schedule). In neither case were batterers attitudes toward domestic abuse changed. Even these evaluation results are not fully reliable because both studies experienced data collection challenges as a result of a high drop-out rate by offenders, difficulty finding relocated victims for follow-up interviews, and inadequate offender attitude assessment tools. In addition, judges sometimes overrode random assignment of batterers, thereby tainting the makeup of the different groups studied.[96] Evaluations of other types of treatment programs, including cognitive-behavior therapy (another widely used approach), have also suffered from similar methodological flaws.
Several experts suggest that greater refinement in assigning batterers to appropriate programs could improve results. The most chronic batterers should receive the most intensive treatment.[97] A one-size fits-all approach to batterer intervention cannot accommodate the diverse population of batterers entering the criminal justice system.[98] The different types of batterersfamily-only, one who is generally violent even to others, dysphoric (mood-disordered)/borderlinemay require tailored treatment.[99]
Experts recommend that treatment programs be designed around explicit theories. In other words, each intervention proposed should have a specific underlying theory. Outcomes expected from each of the interventions should be clearly defined and then evaluated for short-and long-term impact. Designing treatment programs that fit this model requires close collaboration between service providers and researchers. [100] In addition, the timing of treatment may be an important element to success.
Counseling ideally would begin almost immediately after a violent episode, when the offender feels most remorseful, most frightened of the criminal justice system, and most receptive to demands for change.[101]
For a good discussion of dual arrest research and the complexities within the primary aggressor issue, see Buzawa and Buzawa (2003).
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Loveland resident Boyd Johnson holds a copy of his book, "My War Diary," as he poses in his home Friday in front of some memorabilia from his military service during World War II.
Aaron Armstrong, 15, right, learns how Susan Epperson's 4-harness loom works while Erin Epperson, back left, teaches Sidney Callahan, 13, the process of spinning yarn on a spindle during the Fiber Fun Fest on Saturday at The Ranch.
Rebekah Skinner picks up some income tax forms Friday afternoon at a display set up in the Loveland Public Library.
Teresa Mueller, left, performs a financial review for Tim St. Louis on Wednesday afternoon in the conference room at Mueller and Associates, 762 W. Eisenhower Blvd.
Andrew Freese, a certified arborist with Asplundh Tree Expert Co., uses a chain saw to trim trees Thursday afternoon at North Lake Park. Freese said he was removing hazards and dead limbs from the trees.
Aerial view of downtown Loveland on Friday, Jan. 21, 2011. (Richard M. Hackett/Times-Call)
Traffic streams in and around the intersection of Eisenhower Boulevard and Centerra Parkway at the entrances to 2534 and The Promenade Shops at Centerra on Wednesday evening.
Youngsters work on a drill during a pre-kindergarten to kindergarten age indoor soccer class on Tuesday afternoon in the small gymnasium at the Chilson Recreation Center. From left are Owen Walsh, 3, Cole Broccoli, 5, Eva Wald, 4, and Julia Lukton, 4.
City of Loveland budget officer John Hartman, left, speaks during a Financial Sustainablility meeting on Wednesday in the city council chamber.
Loveland resident, Hillary Schefter, plays the harp for the NICU on Friday at St. Joseph's in Denver. Schefter stayed in the NICU 25 years ago when she was born and is now giving back by volunteering here once a week.(Photo by Gabriel Christus)
Laurie Bacheller, RNC, watches as Hillary Schefter plays the harp in the Neo Natal Intensive Care Unit on Friday at St. Joseph's in Denver. Bacheller was Schefter's nurse in the NICU 25 years ago. (Photo by Gabriel Christus)
Big Thompson Elementary School fifth graders Rylee Burton, 10, left, and Seth Keck, 11, dump food scraps they collected over the lunch period into a worm bin located outside the school. The two worm wranglers collected more than 20 pounds of scraps for the bin.
Larimer County Youth Conservation Corps member Cassandra Leverette, center, explains the benefits of a lower flow faucet attachment to Donna Sisson, right, while Sisson's brother, Cliff Carlstrom, looks during an energy audit on Friday in Sisson's apartment in Loveland.
Donna Sisson, right, watches as Larimer County Youth Conservation Corps member Will Wright installs a compact flourescent lightbulb in her apartment Friday during an energy audit by the volunteer group.
Larimer County Youth Conservation Corps member Cassandra Leverette applies a bead of caulk around a window inside Loveland resident Donna Sisson's apartment during an energy audit Friday by the volunteer group.
Larimer County Youth Conservation Corps member Will Wright installs a compact flourescent lightbulb in a hallway fixture in Loveland resident Donna Sisson's apartment Friday during an energy audit by the volunteer group.
Cliff Carlstrom, left, assists Larimer County Youth Conservation Corps member Cassandra Leverette as she installs a retractable clothesline in a bedroom of Donna Sisson's apartment in Loveland on Friday.
1008 HOM Bill Wride-srs.jpg
B.F. Kitchen Elementary School kindergarten teacher Bill Wride plays guitar as he sings a song with his students Tuesday afternoon. Wride is one of only 24 male teachers in the Thompson School District and the only male kindergarten teacher.
Students Michael Bloom, left, and Jordan Johns prepare to test CO2 cars Tuesday. Bloom won first place in hydrodynamics and elastic powered vehicles.

subset: commoncrawl


text: February 4, 2013 at 5:02 PM Poll looks at voter views on extending taxes Posted by Andrew Garber A new Stuart Elway poll found that 49 percent of the voters surveyed consider extending existing taxes to be a tax increase. The survey, commissioned by Washington Realtors, found that 42 percent believe it would not be a tax increase and 9 percent were undecided. The group paid for the poll after Gov. Jay Inslee… More Comments | More in Governor, Politics Northwest | Topics: extending taxes, Gov. Jay, gov. jay inslee


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BRUSSELS (Reuters) - European Union governments on Friday rejected Franco-British efforts to lift an EU arms embargo to allow weapons supplies to Syrian rebels, saying this could spark an arms race and worsen regional instability.
France and Britain found little support for their proposal at an EU summit in Brussels, diplomats said, but EU foreign ministers will consider the issue again next week.
French President Francois Hollande, backed by British Prime Minister David Cameron, pressed for the embargo to be lifted, saying Europe could not allow the Syrian people to be massacred.
Western nations mostly have stood on the sidelines as 70,000 Syrians have been killed, according to a U.N. estimate, during a two-year-old revolt against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel, a leading opponent of lifting the arms embargo, said there was a danger that Assad's allies Russia and Iran could step up arms supplies to his government if the 27-nation EU lifted its restrictions.
Just because Britain and France now wanted to drop the ban, that didn't mean 25 other states must follow suit, she told a news conference in Brussels. "That will not be the case."
"Others have, with, in my view, very good reasons ... pointed to the fact that Iran and also Russia are only waiting for a signal to export arms (and) that one must also be aware of the fragile situation in Lebanon and what that means for the arming of Hezbollah," she said.
German officials cite what happened in North Africa where guns smuggled out of Libya helped arm Islamists in Mali.
European Council President Herman van Rompuy said leaders had asked their foreign ministers to look at the arms embargo "as a matter of priority" at a March 22-23 meeting in Dublin.
Hollande said he had received guarantees from the Syrian opposition that any arms delivered to them would end up in the right hands.
"I will do everything so that at the end of May at the very latest ... a common solution is adopted by the Union," he said.
Syrian insurgents are a disparate array of mostly locally organized units, only some of which are loyal to the Free Syrian Army, which is loosely linked to the internationally recognized political opposition, the Cairo-based Syrian National Coalition.
Others are hardline Sunni Islamist factions, such as the al Qaeda-linked Nusra Front, which Washington calls a terrorist group, but which has won prestige for its battlefield exploits.
French officials say that, for now, Paris is keener to use the scrapping of the embargo as a bargaining chip to put political pressure on Assad than to actually supply arms. Britain, too. has not said it would arm the rebels.
France and Britain reopened the Syrian issue only days after EU states had hammered out a hard-fought compromise to relax the embargo to allow non-lethal aid to the opposition, such as armored vehicles and technical assistance.
A French foreign ministry official said any changes to the arms embargo would be gradual and would likely be implemented only when the current package of EU sanctions on Syria expires at the end of May.
"It is not going to take effect immediately. It will probably take a few weeks to try to agree and probably be effective at the end of May," Justin Vaisse said during the General Marshall Fund's annual Brussels Forum.
Cameron said pressure must be applied to bring about a transition in Syria.
"As things stand today, I am not saying that Britain would actually like to supply arms to rebel groups," he said.
"What we want to do is work with them and try to make sure that they are doing the right thing. And with technical assistance we are able to do that."
The arms ban is part of a package of EU sanctions on Syria that rolls over every three months. An extension agreed last month expires on June 1. Without unanimous agreement to renew or amend it, the embargo lapses, along with the sanctions.
Although an EU agreement to lift the embargo completely is unlikely, there could be scope for a compromise, perhaps expanding the aid that EU governments may give to the rebels.
France and Britain have both suggested they could act alone if no EU-wide agreement can be reached.
"Two countries may want this, but the overwhelming majority don't and to lift the embargo there's got to be unanimity," one senior EU official said. "It's not just Germany that has concerns, but Sweden, Spain, Austria and others too."
Additional reporting by Luke Baker, Robin Emmott, Julien Ponthus, John O'Donnell, Ilona Wissenbach, Andreas Rinke in Brussels, John Irish in Paris, writing by Adrian Croft; Editing by Michael Roddy


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Maria Valencik, Ph.D.Associate Professor
Contact Information
- Email: email@example.com
Phone: (775) 784-1389
Lab: (775) 784-6630
- Fax: 775-784-1419
- Office: Howard Medical Sciences
- Mail Stop: 0330
- Ph.D. University of California Los Angeles, 1991
- B.A. University of California-Berkeley, 1984
Research Interests
We study the role of integrins, dimeric receptors for extracellular matrix, in cardiac myocytes. Integrins are interposed between the contractile machinery of the cardiac muscle and the extracellular matrix skeleton of the heart. The integrin receptors serve as mechanosensors, translating mechanical stress into chemical signals. We study this process using a novel transgenic mouse system, in which integrin expression by cardiac myocytes is turned on and off using a chemical switch (Transgenic Research 10: 269-75). Using a similar approach, we are studying the role of the natriuretic peptide system in mediating diastolic left ventricular function. These projects are ideal for students wishing to learn more about the basic pathobiology of the heart using molecular, cell, transgenic and physiological approaches.
Selected Publications
- Valencik ML, and McDonald JA. Cardiac expression of a gain-of-function alpha(5)-integrin results in perinatal lethality. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280H, 361-7, (2001).
- Keller RS, Shai SY, Babbitt CJ, Pham CG, Solaro RJ, Valencik ML, Loftus JC and Ross RS. Disruption of integrin function in the murine myocardium leads to perinatal lethality, fibrosis and abnormal cardiac performance. Am. J. Pathol. 158, 1079-90 (2001).
- Valencik ML, and McDonald JA. Codon optimization markedly improves doxycycline regulated gene expression in the mouse heart. Transgenic Res. 10, 269-75 (2001).
- Valencik ML, Keller RS, Loftus JC, and McDonald JA. A lethal perinatal cardiac phenotype resulting from altered integrin function in cardiomyocytes. J. Card. Fail. 84, 262-72 (2002).
- Russell, L.K., C.M. Mansfield, J.J. Lehman, A. Kovacs, M. Courtois, J.E. Saffitz, M.L. Valencik, J.A. McDonald, and D. P. Kelley. Cardiac-specific induction of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1a promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and reversible cardiomyopathy in a developmental stage-dependent manner. Circ Res. 2004 Mar 5;94(4):525-33.
- Suarez, J., B. Gloss, D.D. Belke, Y. Hu, B. Scott, T. Dieterle, Y. Kim, M.L. Valencik, J.A. McDonald and W.H. Dillmann. Doxycycline inducible expression of SERCA2a improves calcium handling and reverts cardiac dysfunction in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 Jul 15.


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Survey development a "snap" for this specialist
Nancy Buza has worked at Columbus State for 20 years, mostly in the background providing document services to faculty, administrators and staff at the college, so everyone knows her good work. However in 2008, those services were moved to another department and "Nancy took it upon herself to learn all that she can about some of the other services we provide here in the Data Center," said her supervisor Shawn Ferguson.
"Nancy is not a trained programmer, however I find it valuable to have her sit in on all the programming meetings and she has taken it upon herself to immerse in this new technology, including .NET programming, Colleague Development, SNAP (survey development) and Quality Assurance," said Ferguson.
For her dedication in learning and applying SNAP software, Buza was named the April Staff Employee of the Month. "She makes a difference by tirelessly helping others and ensuring that the task gets completed with 100% satisfaction – ask her clients!" said Ferguson.
As a Quality Assurance Specialist, Buza has learned a whole new way of doing business, according to Ferguson. "She is there when we need her. She continuously asks for new tasks and assignments, no matter how challenging the task may be. Nancy brings a whole bag of sunshine everyday when she comes to work!"
Switch2Semesters now online on the Intranet
Joining 12 community colleges and four state universities in Ohio, Columbus State will begin a semester academic calendar in the fall of 2012. An Intranet site (only accessible on campus) is now live and ready for your use.
Learn about the subcommittees and the work being done in many areas of campus operations for the conversion, including curriculum, enrollment, student services, information technology, communication and college operations. The site has a variety of resources including calendars, quick facts and logos for the change process with more to come as this process moves forward.
Visit the site at http://intranet.cscc.edu/switch2semesters. The conversion is a little more than two years away! Check this site often to see what's new. Be a part of the conversion conversation as we Switch2Semesters!
Volunteers needed for Capital City Half Marathon
HPC seminars focus on children's health
The Sports and Exercise Studies Human Performance Center will hold a seminar titled "Children's Eating Habits: How Can We Better Them," Tuesday, April 13 at 11 a.m. in the DX conference room (third floor). Another seminar, "Exercising with Your Child" will be held on Tuesday, April 20 at 11 a.m. in Delaware Hall, Room 080. Come find out how to help your children get as fit and healthy as you are!
Deadline extended for proposals to Arts & Sciences Spring Symposium
Last call to take kids to work day!
Sponsors and kids will gather again for lunch and activity at noon and then return together to the sponsor's work area. There may be a campus tour opportunity in mid afternoon.
Complete and submit the registration form and return it to: Susan Thompson, HR, RH-115, no later than Friday, April 9 (tomorrow!). For more information on the program contact Rich James in Human Resources (ext. 2175).
James earns certification
Rich James, coordinator for Faculty Development, has been certified by the Learning Resources Network (LERN) as a Certified Faculty Developer. To achieve the certification James participated in three days of workshops related to student engagement, multiple assessments, designing multimedia, hybrid courses and more. He also passed a certification exam earning the right to list the initials CFD after his name. "The certification process is really a validation of all that I have learned working with faculty and instructional technologies since I have been at Columbus State," said James. To learn more about the CFD certification visit the LERN web site.
Take your child (almost) to work… every day!
If you work at Columbus State and want quality childcare, discover the nurturing environment of the Columbus State Child Development Center. The Center serves the community, and is staffed by degreed teachers who are dedicated to fostering your child's development.
And right now, new families can save $350 with no registration fee, plus $100 savings on tuition each month for your first three months. Log on to www.cscc.edu/cdc or call (614) 287-3600 for more information. The offer is good for families who complete an application by May 30. Tuition discount will be taken off first three month's tuition. (Only one discount per child. No additional discounts apply.)
DiPietro work to be performed at OSU
Rocco DiPietro, adjunct faculty member in the Humanities, will have the world premiere of his percussion piece called "Rhizome for Evelyn Glennie" performed in Weigal Hall, in the Ohio State University Music Department, at 8 p.m. Wednesday, April 14.
He will be joined by visiting new music percussion artist Jan Williams, special guest of OSU Percussion Department, who will also be giving a master class before the concert moderated by DiPietro on April 13.
"The Rhizome" will be performed by Ryan Jewell and Matt Evans, the featured percussionists, Jan Williams, and the entire OSU percussion ensemble under the direction of Susan Powel.
"The Rhizome" will also be filmed so that Evelyn Glennie can see it and DiPietro will give her a copy of the work in her honor after her Buffalo Philharmonic concert later in the month. Glennie is a Scottish virtuoso percussionist who performs around the world with a wide variety of orchestras and contemporary musicians, giving more than 100 concerts a year. Glennie has been profoundly deaf since the age of 12, and often performs barefoot in order to better "feel" her music.
General professional development courses offered for Spring Quarter
All employees are eligible to attend the following courses which begin next week:
Emotional Intelligence: Self- Awareness 3.5 hours Spring Quarter
Know Thyself
1:00 p.m.- 4:30 p.m.
Wednesday, April 14, 2010
Emotional Intelligence: Self-Management 3.5 hours Spring Quarter
Manage Thyself
1:00 p.m.- 4:30 p.m.
Friday, May 7, 2010
Know Thy Self: Self-Awareness and Emotional Intelligence
The purpose of this session is to introduce the concept of emotional intelligence and the foundational competency of self-awareness. Participants will learn the importance of E.I. for leadership and team effectiveness. In addition, participants will learn about three self-awareness strategies. Learning methods will include discussion, mini-lectures, structured activities and video. To register for this course please go to: http://intranet.cscc.edu/employeetraining/CoursesByCategory.asp?CID=23
Manage Thy Self: Self-Management and Emotional Intelligence
This session is for participants to begin to read and manage their emotions and learn how to control their responses to new or challenging situations. A key goal of this workshop is for participants to identify strategies for managing themselves when "emotionally hijacked." Learning methods will include discussion, mini-lecture, structured activities and video. To register for this course please go to: http://intranet.cscc.edu/employeetraining/CoursesByCategory.asp?CID=23


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The Curious Case of the Raja's Diamond
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Crowminius in Euro
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Crowminius in Euro
br>Heya folks,
Suit & Tie Guy asked for a module that was the filter/envelope/amp portion of my Crowminius. So, I made what I call "Module B." I am designing module A (osc bank & mod) while waiting for the module B front panel to arrive. I might make these pre-assembled in the future but crOwBX Euro comes first.
More later,
br> br>
br> br>
So are you going to see those preassembled +panel ? br> br>
br>Must have Crow modules soon, Tor. Tor come out of the spaceship. Tor you can't take Santa.' br> br>
br>My goodness! I will buy both modules as soon as they are available. Pre-assembled with panel please and thank you Crow!
br> br>
br>amazing! if you need help with doing preassembled modules, why not cooperate with suit&tie? br> br>
br>Got module A's layouts done. Module A is the oscillator bank/modulation half of Crowminius. It is also a bit more complex than module B.
br> br>
br>A couple notes:
I tried to provide additional input and output signals as befits the modular environment. On module B, each EG has output jacks, and the filter has a spare external mod CV input w/attenuator in addition to the usual 1V/Oct jack (with jack switchover from the pitch CV that can be provided from module A).
Module B has "MIXER B," which has four inputs, the external audio input with its own gain block and overload soft clipper for line level (or lower) signals, and three inputs for modular-sized signals, topping out at around 8V-pp.
Module A connects to module B with a short "module buss" 2x8 ribbon cable so gates and CVs are common to the module set, as well as the audio signal buss from the three oscillators and noise source. This means "MIXER A" found on module A mixes the oscs and noise signals into the common mixer buss alongside MIXER B when connected. Thus you have a 8-channel mixer: three onboard oscs, noise, external input and the three
8V-pp max. modular signal inputs. Module B has an "OSC BUSS enable" switch so you can disconnect the osc side if needed.
Module A has output jacks for each signal source that are under fader control. These same signals are always sent to the module buss header so as to not need to patch the outputs to the inputs--though if that is what you want to do, go for it.
Module A has two sample/hold circuits: one for the LFO S/H mode, and one for implementing a gated or floating glide action. a gated glide stops moving the moment all keys are released while the floating glide continues until it reaches the released key's actual voltage value.
Module A also has external CV input for pitch and mod "wheel" controls, and local controls to act as pitch and mod (though not as "table-saw wheels").
Finally, module A has the two PWM LFOs, one for OSC1 and one for OSC2. OSC3 has an LFOCV input jack. Due to the tight panel constraints of module A, the modulation output CV for modmix (LFO, noise mod) is in fact on module B, although LFO waveforms except for S/H clocking are also accessible from the OSC3 output jack.
All of this is of course on my single-board Crowminius too, I just did a logical split of the synthesizer into two modules, and did a second logical split between the host (panel control) boards and the actual voice circuit boards. I did not include a local MIDICV as in a modular setting you should have one already. I will have a 10HP 4-channel MIDICV module out after this however, designed to work with both crOwBX Euro and Crowminius Euro.
/**/ br> br>
br> br>
br>Initial front panels,
br> br>
br>Wow! You have crammed a lot into those panel layouts. I like the layout and am very excited to once again have a Minimoog but in a more compact package and the added PWM is a huge plus. br> br>
br>Module B all finished. Taking a turkey week break while module A stuff gets sent to me.
br> br>
br>very nice br> br>
br>Time to build module A.
br> br>
br>Module A host board finished.
br> br>
br>Wow! Very impressive build pics!
br> br>
br>I am excited to hear this completed! br> br>
br>Oscillator board with all SMT soldered. Just 3 connectors and 15 trimmers to add, and ready for testing and calibration.
br> br>
br>That moment you realize you ordered top-adjust 10K multiturn trimmers instead of side-adjust.
br> br>
br>Today saw the arrival of the module A panel. Here is how it is all going to go together, once the 10K side-adjust (3296Z) trimpots arrive. Everything is close-fitting, but that is Euro format for you.
The host board is tested and the voice board powers up and the supply rails trim, so I expect no issues.
Host board and panel, the connector on the back is the "module buss" to module B. This is NOT a power connector, although applying power here by mistake is harmless. I will doubtless catch flak for using the same header in two different places, but the idea is to reduce the number of line items in the manufacturing BoM.
Voice board (three oscs and noise+S/H), just need those six 10K trimmers (and the 2N3392 noise source):
The boards stack up like this. The camera angle makes the voice board look larger than the host, but they are the same corner dimension.
It should be all ready to go on Thursday.
/**/ br> br>
br>These look really good. Fantastic work you have done bringing these into life.
How do you plan to sell these? Through your web shop or through distribution, or both? One last thing any idea of the price yet? br> br>
br>I intend to offer the modules assembled and calibrated. The first batch will be exclusive to my web shop but subsequent batches I will open up to a number of places that have expressed interest. I need to iron out the logistics of production on this first series, which is why the web shop gets them first.
In the pipe ahead of Crowminius Euro is crOwBX Euro, however. I am trying to rig production of all of the above at once as they use a common set of parts. Price is not quite known yet. I am estimating US$450 for Module A and US$350~$400 for module B. It really depends on the pricing I can get for the panels and mechanical hardware as those are the bulk of the cost.
nickster wrote:
These look really good. Fantastic work you have done bringing these into life.
How do you plan to sell these? Through your web shop or through distribution, or both? One last thing any idea of the price yet?
br> br>
br>A demo of the fully assembled system. The only thing I did not make myself is the case. Quick audio demo at the link below, a basic tuned interval lead that uses MIDI aftertouch to apply vibrato. I used my vintage Lexicon PCM unit for a touch of reverb. Other demos will by dry mixes to show specific features.
Crowminius Euro Demo #1
br> br>
br>Is that a new Old Crow MIDI to CV module I spy (Corwmidius??). Will that be for sale on CS80.com either as a finished module or DIY in the near future? br> br>
br>I will probably offer bare boards for that. I made it mainly for testing things, but it is a pretty good (12-bit) 4-channel MIDICV. crowbx and crowminius batch builds come first, however.
aquatarkus wrote:
Is that a new Old Crow MIDI to CV module I spy (Corwmidius??). Will that be for sale on CS80.com either as a finished module or DIY in the near future?
br> br>
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Committee Opinion Number 655, February 2016
(Reaffirmed 2018)
ABSTRACT: To prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens, it is important that health care providers adhere to standard precautions, follow fundamental infection-control principles, and use appropriate procedural techniques. All obstetrician–gynecologists who provide clinical care should receive the hepatitis B virus vaccine series. The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America has established guidelines for the management of health care providers who are infected with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The guidelines categorize representative o...
Committee Opinion Number 751, September 2018
(Replaces Committee Opinion No. 234, May 2000)
ABSTRACT: This Committee Opinion is being revised to provide updated guidance on the management of pregnant women during pregnancy and delivery to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Prevention of transmission of HIV from the woman to her fetus or newborn is a major goal in the care of pregnant women infected with HIV. Continuing research into mother-to-child transmission of HIV has suggested that a substantial number of cases of perinatal HIV transmission occur as the result of fetal exposure to the virus during labor and delivery. The precise mech...
Committee Opinion Number 752, September 2018
(Replaces Committee Opinion No. 635, June 2015)
ABSTRACT: Given the enormous advances in the prevention of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it is clear that early identification and treatment of all pregnant women with HIV is the best way to prevent neonatal infection and also improve women's health. Furthermore, new evidence suggests that early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in the course of infection is beneficial for individuals infected with HIV and reduces the rate of sexual transmission to partners who are not infected. Screening should be performed after women have been notified that HIV screening ...
Committee Opinion Number 423, January 2009
Abstract: Applying the principles of motivational interviewing to everyday patient interactions has been proved effective in eliciting "behavior change" that contributes to positive health outcomes and improved patient–physician communication. Current Procedural Terminology codes are available to aid in obtaining reimbursement for time spent engaging patients in motivational interviewing for some conditions.
Committee Opinion Number 389, December 2007
(Reaffirmed 2015)
ABSTRACT: Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection often is detected through prenatal and sexually transmitted disease testing, an obstetrician–gynecologist may be the first health professional to provide care for a woman infected with HIV. Universal testing with patient notification and right of refusal ("opt-out" testing) is recommended by most national organizations and federal agencies. Although opt-out and "opt-in" testing (but not mandatory testing) are both ethically acceptable, the former approach may identify more women who are eligible for therapy and may have public hea...
Committee Opinion Number 595, May 2014
(Reaffirmed 2019)
Abstract: Preexposure prophylaxis is defined as the administration of antiretroviral medications to individuals who are not infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and are at the highest risk of acquiring HIV infection. In combination with other proven HIV-prevention methods, preexposure prophylaxis may be a useful tool for women at the highest risk of HIV acquisition. Obstetrician–gynecologists involved in the care of women using preexposure prophylaxis must reinforce adherence to daily medication. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's guidance for preexposure prophylaxis...
Committee Opinion Number 596, May 2014
(Replaces Committee Opinion Number 411, August 2008) (Reaffirmed 2019)
Abstract: Early diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can improve survival and reduce morbidity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend that females aged 13–64 years be tested at least once in their lifetime and annually thereafter based on factors related to risk. In addition, obstetrician–gynecologists should annually review patients' risk factors for HIV and assess the need for retesting. The opportunity for repeat testing should be made available to all women even in the absence of identi...
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
409 12th Street SW, Washington, DC 20024-2188
Mailing Address: PO Box 96920, Washington, DC 20024-9998


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Sorry if this has already been covered here, but does Theatre mode no longer work with campaign? I wanted to film a clip of me dying during Dawn, I was killed by a flying crate when the two Phantoms boarded the observation deck. lol
Started By KrAzY WiSh, Nov 07 2012 08:18 AMHalo 4
3 replies to this topic
Posted 07 November 2012 - 08:18 AM
GT: KrAzY WiSh
Posted 07 November 2012 - 11:35 AM
There is no theater for Campaign and Spartan Ops. I honestly never used it, but I understand that a lot of people did so it's a bummer. There also is no Campaign scoring which I think is a much bigger loss. I really hope that these are some features they're looking to add with a title update, they said that TUs will be more aggressive for this title and have larger changes.
Posted 07 November 2012 - 11:11 PM
I remember reading that getting the theatre mode working with campaign was hellish in previous Halo games, wouldn't be surprised if 343 looked at how many people actually used it and decided it wasn't worth all that trouble. It's a shame though, had a few cool moments in the campaign that I wouldn't have minded keeping. Would definitely like campaign scoring back though, makes pass the pad more fun when friends come over.
Edited by UHYVE, 07 November 2012 - 11:15 PM.
Posted 08 November 2012 - 01:10 AM
Well I'm a little gutted about that I have to say. I had tonnes of awesome legendary co-op videos from Halo 3 and was hoping to get some great ones for Halo 4. Perhaps they will add it back in at some point in the future...
GT: KrAzY WiSh
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343, why?
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Currently the President for iProspect EMEA and Global Operations, Mark is responsible for the growth and development of iProspect EMEA's 42 offices across 30 markets with a team of 2,100+ performance marketing professionals. iProspect currently manages over $3bn in digital performance spend across Bought, Owned and Earned Media for clients that include PayPal, Burberry and General Motors.
Mark began his career with Overture in 2003, and then, moved to Yahoo, handling their largest clients at the time such as eBay, Lloyds TSB and The Search Works. Mark then launched the London digital office for Green Cathedral and co-founded the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising's first ever search group, serving as Chairman for 2 years and, in 2011, was recognized for his contributions to the UK search market with a Fellowship of the IPA. In 2011, Mark joined iProspect as part of the UK executive team. As Chief Performance Officer, he helped grow his team from 80 to 250 digital performance professionals, with billings of over $190 million and 30%+ year-on-year growth. In 2014, Mark was appointed Regional Managing Director for iProspect Asia Pacific, tasked with developing and growing iProspect's largest growth region. During his time in Singapore and Shanghai, the team grew from 600 to over 1,000 people in 20 offices across 14 markets. In January 2017, Mark moved back to Dublin, Ireland to become President for EMEA and Global Operations.


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Penn Law Washington Seminar Series panel: Are the branches of government broken?
|From left to right: Arlen Specter C'51, Michael A. Fitts, David Mark, the Hon. Gene E.K. Pratter.
On Tuesday, November 8 in Washington, D.C., Penn Law hosted a high-level panel attended by a standing room only audience in the National Press Club ballroom, which examined whether the branches of the federal government are able to effectively compromise to carry out the people's business – or if instead we are headed into a state of permanent crisis, or gridlock, exacerbated by the 2012 election cycle.
Panelists included Michael A. Fitts, Dean of the Law School; Arlen Specter C'51, former U.S. Senator (D-PA) and Adjunct Professor of Law at Penn Law; and the Hon. Gene E.K. Pratter L'75, Judge for the U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania. David Mark, senior editor at POLITICO, served as moderator.
Participants explored whether and how in the current climate of overheated partisan rhetoric the respective branches can work effectively and compromise to solve some of the major problems facing the nation.
Click here to view a video and slideshow of the previous Penn Law Washington Seminar series event, "Are Superpowers Above the Law? The U.S., China, and the Future of the International Legal Order".


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9-11 Research
An Attempt to Uncover the Truth About September 11th, 2001
We all know the official story of September 11th: four jetliners were hijacked by groups of four and five Arabic men armed with box cutters, who proceeded to fly three of the four jets into the Twin Towers and the Pentagon. Subsequently the World Trade Center Towers, weakened by the impacts and fires, collapsed into piles of rubble. The FBI had compiled a list of hijackers within three days, and it was so obvious that Osama bin Laden had masterminded the operation from caves in Afghanistan, that there was no need to seriously investigate the crime or produce evidence. The "retaliatory" attack on the Taliban would soon commence.
Is this story true? Its central assumptions have never been tested by an official government body whose members lack obvious conflicts of interest. There are numerous red flags in the official story, which requires a long series of highly improbable coincidences. Questioning that story is an act of responsible citizenship.
Recommended sites
9-11 Research is an investigation and analysis of the events of September 11, 2001. It archives physical evidence of the crimes, such as photographs and videos, provides referenced reports of events relating to the crime, and offers detailed analysis of theories of the attack, especially those advanced by the official FEMA and NIST investigations.
Widely recognized for the quality of work it presents, 9-11 Research has been deceptively portrayed by media icons such as Scientific American and Popular Mechanics as promoting the very methods and ideas it works to expose as smokescreens to genuine investigation of the crimes of 9/11/01.


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The Royal Family of Great Britain
3 of 7 portraits of Princess Amelia Sophia Eleanora
© National Portrait Gallery, London
The Royal Family of Great Britain
by Unknown artist
mezzotint, after 1724
13 1/2 in. x 9 7/8 in. (344 mm x 251 mm) paper size
Reference Collection
Artistback to top
- Unknown artist, Artist. Artist associated with 6557 portraits.
Sittersback to top
- Princess Amelia Sophia Eleanora (1711-1786), Second daughter of George II. Sitter associated with 7 portraits. Identify
- Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (1709-1759), Daughter of King George II; wife of William Charles Henry Friso, Prince of Orange. Sitter associated with 24 portraits. Identify
- Caroline Wilhelmina of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1683-1737), Queen of George II. Sitter in 36 portraits. Identify
- Princess Caroline Elizabeth (1713-1757), Third daughter of George II. Sitter associated with 14 portraits. Identify
- Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales (1707-1751), Son of George II; father of George III. Sitter associated with 35 portraits. Identify
- King George II (1683-1760), Reigned 1727-60. Sitter associated with 58 portraits. Identify
- Louisa, Queen of Denmark (1724-1751), Daughter of George II; wife of Frederick, King of Denmark. Sitter in 5 portraits. Identify
- Princess Mary of Hesse (1723-1772), Daughter of George II; wife of Frederic, hereditary prince of Hesse-Cassel. Sitter in 6 portraits. Identify
- William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1721-1765), General; third son of George II. Sitter associated with 45 portraits. Identify
Linked publicationsback to top
- Williamson, David, Kings and Queens, 2010, p. 133
Subjects & Themesback to top
Events of 1724back to top
Current affairsNotorious thief and jailbreaker John 'Jack' Sheppard is hanged at Tyburn.
General George Wade is sent to inspect Scotland, initiating an 11-year program of road improvement and bridge building in the Scottish Highlands.
Art and scienceFirst of Jonathan Swift's Drapier's Letters is published; one of seven pamphlets railing against the debasement of Irish coinage.
Blenheim Palace is presented as a gift to the Duke of Marlborough for his involvement in the Battle of Blenheim in 1704.
InternationalThomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle becomes Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Pope Benedict XIII succeeds Pope Innocent XIII as the 245th pope.
King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne.
Tell us more back to top
Can you tell us more about this portrait? Spotted an error, information that is missing (a sitter's life dates, occupation or family relationships, or a date of portrait for example) or do you know anything that we don't know? If you have information to share please complete the form below.
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Bisons Ranked Sixth In Final A-Sun Poll
Both Lipscomb's men's and women's cross country teams are ranked sixth in the Atlantic Sun Conference poll. Head coaches of A-Sun cross country teams vote in the poll.
This is the final of three polls conducted during the season. The A-Sun Cross County Championship will be held in Nashville Oct. 30.


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Nixon's Stance on Abortion
Whether you love him or hate him, Richard Nixon is easily one of the most complex and fascinating characters we seem to tackle. In the magazine, we've talked about how he created the EPA, how he was responsible for a six-fold increase in the National Endowment in the Arts, his funding of methadone clinics as a means of helping to reduce crime (it seemed to have worked), his Quakerism and his engagement with China.
Of course, we've also talked about hatred for soups (he banned them at the White House), that whole Watergate debacle, and his completely pathetic style of dating (he asked his wife Pat to marry him on their first date, and when she said no, he drove her around on dates with other men just to spend a little more time with her.)Â Also, he was kind of a racist.
Today, the NY Times is reporting that the newly released Nixon tapes showcase his "ambivalent" stance on abortion after the Roe v Wade Supreme Court ruling. Part of the reason he didn't make a public statement about the case was because he was in two minds about it:Â
"Nixon worried that greater access to abortions would foster "permissiveness," and said that "it breaks the family." But he also saw a need for abortion in some cases, such as interracial pregnancies.
"There are times when an abortion is necessary. I know that. When you have a black and a white," he told an aide, before adding: "Or a rape.""
I have no interest in fanning an abortion discussion on the blog (we just put out the apolitical, feel good issue of the year, after all!), but I did think this was helpful in getting a little more insight into his complex mind. Â Thanks Lizzie!


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PDGA Worlds 2012 in Charotte, NC was an amazing experience! Over 1,100 disc golfers competing, loads of volunteers, sponsors, spectators and all-around hospitable Charlottians (or whatever you call them. And there was the heat – 95 to 98 degrees each day with 90-95+% humidity. And the tight courses (can you say "Angry Beaver"?).
But one thing is for certain. The best disc golf played in Charlotte last week was played by SoCal disc golfer Paul McBeth (of Huntington Beach), who blistered the bark off the trees on his way to a 5-shot win in the Open Pro division. The "McBeast" was beastly (and Roc-ly, Aviar P&A-ly and Destroyer-ly), catching North Carolina local Michael Johannsen at the end of the week and besting Innova teammates Will Schusterick and Ricky Wysocki. Paul has had a great year on tour, with big wins at the Wintertime Open, Memorial and Masters Cup; along with top-5 finishes at the Gentlemen's Club, St. Patrick's Classic, Glass Blown Open, Kansas City Wide Open and total prize money (so far) of over $14,000. But being World Champ? How do you top that! Maybe with a signature disc? Hmmmm….
For more detailed coverage of Worlds 2012, click on the link from PDGA below and check out the video too!
Dramatic Finish to Worlds | Professional Disc Golf Association.


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Home : White Youth Sweatshirt
Personalized Hanes Youth Sweatshirts. Kids just want to keep warm and keep going. This sweatshirt does both and looks good too. 7.8 oz., 50/50 cotton/polyester. Double-needle stitched neckline and armholes. Rib waistband and cuffs.
Add A ♥
Easy way to add a heart to your design. Type [h1] for a black heart (include the brackets), [h2] for a red heart, [h3] for a pink heart, [h4] for a white heart, [h5] for a yellow heart and [h6] for a gold heart. Perfect for your own custom "I ♥" design.
Hint: For a larger heart, use a larger text size on that line.
from the Image Gallery
from my COMPUTER
To print on both sides, create the front first and then there will be an option to add a design to the back.


text: hothie 1,719 Posted February 24, 2013 First off, as the title says, I'm giving Picasso the credit for this list. He brought it to my attention on another thread, and I think this list is so good that it deserves its own thread. I'm kinda hoping this thread will evolve into a Wave 2 meta thread, but any meta talk must include this list, because it is just that powerful. Han Solo -Chewbacca -Gunner -Marksmanship Rookie Xwing Rookie Xwing First the bad things about this list: -58 points invested into the Falcon is a lot. Sorry, did I say that right? I meant, a LOT. If the Falcon goes down, you'll be hard pressed to win on points alone. -in playing against this squad, the best result I could hope for was for him to do 1 damage on his first attack, so I tried to use my actions (focus and Evade) in such a way that I only took 1 damage if i could help it. So, if the defender can do so, you're not doing as much damage as you could be. -Wedge hurts the Falcon, bad. Especially with Torps - yeah, that's about all I can see for detriments. I played this squad today, and i played against this squad today. Here's how it went: the first game, i ran: Fel's Wrath Backstabber Academy Pilot X5 Ziggy ran the Falcon, and he was honestly taking down a TIE per round. My strategy was to take the Xwings out first, so that he could only attack once per round afterwards. i managed to take the Xwings out, and I put a hurt on the Falcon (5 hull left), but it wasn't enough. The rolling and re-rolling was just so much that he was doing usually minimum 2 damage per turn, often more than that with Han alone. Then the Xwings would clean up before i killed them. Ziggy piloted the Falcon in such a way that it didn't matter much if I blocked him, because all that meant was that he couldn't use marksmanship. And honestly, Marksmanship is just the icing on the cake of this squad. It's nice if you get it, but it's not necessary. The second game I played this squad against a Wedge/Dutch/Garven list. I lost 1 Xwing early to Wedge and a Range 1 primary attack from Dutch, but after that, I didnt lose another ship. Han did take a lot of damage, but he dished out a whole lot more. I even got the "If you hit something you take damage" crit card, but it was later in the game, and I managed to avoid hitting anything. This list is ridiculously powerful, and definitely something to be reckoned with. I haven't played multiple Interceptors against it, but I have a feeling it will handle them without much difficulty. I would guess that the way to beat this squad is to just target Han with everything you have, but then even if you do, you still have 2 Xwings to deal with, and they are more than capable of doing plenty of damage by themselves.Even though I took out Ziggy's Xwings, I had lost so much by that time that I just couldn't hurt the Falcon enough to win. Thoughts? Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Atlanta Braves To-Do List for 2014
So it's been a while since I've written about baseball, but my Braves were eliminated early from the playoffs last night, in what has become an all-too-familiar pattern.
I was saddened by last night's events, but not surprised by them—Braves fans are conditioned to generally expect heartbreak in the postseason, and I was specifically convinced that this Braves team was not assembled in such a way as to contend for a championship (more on that below).
So what do the Braves need in 2014 to be better (And by "better," I don't just mean win more games—the Braves won 96 games in the regular season, so that isn't the problem. I mean win games when it counts.)? Here are a few things:
(1) Get a legitimate ace. The Braves have several good pitchers, but it's been quite a while that we had a legitimate ace who we could trot out in game one of a postseason series and feel confident that a win was coming. I love Tim Hudson, but he will turn 39 next year. Brandon Beachy, Mike Minor, Kris Medlen, and Julio Teheran are all good, promising young pitchers. Maybe one of them will develop into an ace, but for now, we have a bunch of pretty good pitchers who, over the course of a season produce a lot of wins, but are overmatched in the playoffs.
(2) Get a better manager. I don't think there's any way that Fredi Gonzalez gets fired, which is too bad, because he's not very good at his job. I don't dislike him, and think he would make a great bench coach or first base coach, but his decision making is questionable—a lot. In Game 3, he left Teheran out too long when he was clearly off, and then did the same thing with Wood. In Game 4, he let Carpenter blow the game in the 8th inning while Craig Kimbrel, who has arguably put up the best three year stretch of any closer in history, sat on the bench and watched. Stuff like this happens frequently, and in my opinion, it happens because Fredi isn't very good at his job.
(3) Get some guys who know how to field. It is so frustrating to watch Braves players bungle plays, either by making outright errors, or by making poor decisions in the field that turn singles into doubles and short innings into big rallies. By my reckoning, of the eight standard (non-pitcher) positions, the Braves have two excellent fielders, about two more who are above average, two who are mediocre, and two who are train wrecks. When it comes to playoff time, this does not work. You cannot have clueless outfielders at the corners and hope that somehow it won't hurt you. It will, time and time again as this series against the Dodgers showed.
(4) Figure out something—anything—to do with Dan Uggla and BJ Upton. These are two of the biggest free agent busts in history (maybe it's too early to say that about Upton, but with Uggla, it is more than clear by now). So much of Atlanta's money is tied up in these two, and they get almost no return on the investment. I don't know what the solution is, but we can't keep trotting out .180 hitters all season, or the alternative, which is to basically bench two guys who are collectively making over $27 million a year.
Okay, my rant is over. Here is hoping to a more successful 2014!


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Takraw ball no MT 301 from Marathon is the original inventor of Synthetic Takraw ball. This sport is very popular in Thailand and neighboring countries. The ball is usually play on the outdoor field. It can be played in circle with a few players or divided in 2 sides of 3 players with the net. With modern production technology. The quality, standard and safety of Marathon ball can be ensured. This Official sepak takraw ball has been approved by ISTAF. It is also Asian Games and Sea Games Official Competition ball. Diameter : 5.5 inches. Net weight : 180 grams. Product of Thailand.
Copyright © 2004 - 2019 GroceryThai.com


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I've currently got around 700 apps installed on my desktop PC, and 500 installed on my iPad.
I'm trying to remove all of the apps from my iTunes library that aren't on my PC, but it seems the only way of doing this is to delete my entire library and sync them back across which I have to be honest and say I'm not very keen on. It's a nightmare to have to keep clicking between them, especially in the new iTunes. At the moment I'm taking a screenshot every time I delete an app, which is far from ideal.
I'm wondering if there is a way to have one window open with a list of apps, and one window open with a list of my syncs within iTunes?


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Michael Bloomberg, the Mayor of New York who backs the Ground Zero mosque, is a perfect multiculturalist. As such he sees blindness to cultural diversity as a virtue. And so, to prove himself meritorious, he jettisoned all discretion and hosted an Islamic holiday celebration with the mosque's backers. This is extremely dangerous. We need culturist politicians who take diversity seriously.
In their blanket attempts to get us to "celebrate diversity" multiculturalists refuse to acknowledge that cultures can have bad sides. This position commits them to being blind to the possibility of conflict between cultures. In a very Age-of-Aquarius hippy way, they say if we all just celebrate each other no conflict, values-based or actual, need exist on the planet.
According to multiculturalist philosophy, if Bloomberg acknowledged any negative cultural characteristics, he'd have to call himself "racist" or "intolerant." In the real world, culturists note, diversity includes disgusting behaviors that we cannot tolerate, let alone celebrate. Does Bloomberg celebrate the strict dress codes and theocratic despotism in Islamic nations? To wiggle out of this conundrum he has to claim that such practices, like Jihad and Sharia, are just perversions of the true, peaceful, and liberal Islam.
Multiculturalists must constantly whitewash diversity to show they are not racist. In fact, multiculturalism reflects a proper level of American sensitivity over denying the civil rights of black Americans. But, race and culture are different. And avoiding discussing culture frankly in order to avoid being called a racist blinds you to potentially lethal considerations. Fighting Islam is not racist, it is culturist.
Bloomberg's multicultural blindness turns deadly when he feels a need to prove he makes no distinctions between any cultures In his ultimate act of multiculturalism he actually celebrated Islam with people publicly sworn to replacing our Constitution with oppressive Sharia law. As such, Bloomberg and his multiculturalist friends are promoting violence against the West. This is not only treasonous, it is deadly. The Ground Zero mosque will inspire jihadis all over the world. When the first terror attack comes at the hands of a visitor to the mosque, Bloomberg and multiculturalism will have blood on their hands.
The Constitution does not provide Saudi's and other foreign Islamic states the right to build triumphal monuments to the advance of Islam and Sharia in America. We need culturist leaders that show the Muslim world that we know about their aggression and will protect liberal western values. Our safety and rights depend on replacing multicultural politicians like Bloomberg with culturists.
John Press, Ph.D.
President – The Brooklyn Tea Party


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UTSA's Coker says new quarterback will play
Eric Soza is the starting quarterback for the UTSA Roadrunners this season, but junior transfer Tucker Carter will play, coach Larry Coker said.
Soza started all 10 games for the Roadrunners in 2011 in Year 1 of the program. Carter joined the team in the spring as a transfer out of Trinity Valley Junior College.
He has followed a good spring with an impressive fall camp.
"For sure Eric is our starting quarterback, but Tucker can play," Coker said. "I think the thing we've got now is two extremely good quarterbacks that we can win with ... (Carter) will definitely see some action."
In addition, Coker also said he is considering moves to shore up the offensive line.
The coach made the remarks Tuesday after it was announced that junior college transfer Armando Alvarez would not be on the team as expected.
Alvarez had been at Blinn Junior College. UTSA has learned since camp opened Aug. 3 that it would be without the top two tackles on the depth chart.
The No. 1 at the position was Drew Phillips, who started all 10 games in 2011 but has left the team. Alvarez was No. 2 after the spring even though he was not on campus.
With those losses, senior Patrick Hoog has moved from a backup guard position to starting left tackle.
But with Hoog's switch, the No. 2 players at the five line positions have been filled with a sophomore and four freshmen.
"We definitely will look at the rest of the team to see if there's someone that can help us (in the offensive line)," said Coker, who added he wants to assess the matter further after the weekend.
Virginia series scratched: The UTSA-Virginia football series has been canceled because of scheduling conflicts with conference realignment for both schools, according to a UTSA news release.
Wiped off future schedules were games involving the schools in Charlottesville, Va., in 2013 and at the Alamodome in 2014.


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Most people operate from a fixed idea or concept of how things are supposed to be, rather functioning in the moment, where they can change anything as needed to accomplish and create more. This creates a tremendous limitation.
The problem with conceptual constructs is that they put you into conflict with yourself at every turn.
What if generating money and having money was fun and joyful?
What if, in having fun and joy with money, you receive more of it?
This book is dedicated to all of you out there struggling with money. To all of you feeling like the debt or financial worry you are in is a big black hole that you will never climb out of or get beyond . . .
Este no es como ningún otro libro que tú hayas leído. Es acerca de tu cuerpo desde la perspectiva del SER. Te ofrecerá nuevas y sorprendentes maneras de explorar como tú, como el ser infinito que eres, puedes experimentar la grandiosidad de tu cuerpo. ¿Qué sucedería si tu cuerpo fuera una fuente inagotable de gozo?ESCUCHA
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text: Find this wine Find this wine Cornas 2001 Rhone dinner Pin It Tweet 6 years ago by Eva G. More posts Far too easy drinking, fruity and soft syrah Jaboulet grandes terrasses cornas 2009, aldeburgh May 2015 4 years ago by Sharon13 1. Cornas 2008 Granit 30 Raspberries, minerals and rare steak. Wonderful mouth feel. Absolutely wonderful. $21.99 5 years ago by Mjdrum SB-before the Cornas Under 6 years 5 years ago by Lord E. Cornas 2006 Finalement plus léger que je pensais... 5 years ago by Stefff Stephane Robert Cornas Domaine Du Tunnel Wine Excellent. Reasonably priced. From David's lunch 6 years ago by Ella S.


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Is GOP Shifting Perspective on Same-Sex Marriage?
- At February 03, 2013
- By danmclellan
- In Gay Rights, Marriage Equality, News, Politics
- 0
A recent article by Mark Oppenheimer in the New York Times discusses the shifting perspective on same-sex marriage by David Blankenhorn, a traditional marriage advocate. The unprecedented move may illustrate an overall shift in the GOP's acceptance of same-sex marriage.
David Blankenhorn, a traditional-marriage advocate and star witness in the Proposition 8 trial in California in 2010, shocked his allies with an Op-Ed article in The New York Times last June announcing that he was quitting the fight against same-sex marriage. "Instead of fighting gay marriage," Mr. Blankenhorn wrote, "I'd like to help build new coalitions bringing together gays who want to strengthen marriage with straight people who want to do the same."
He is about to find out how much support such a coalition can get.
On Thursday, Mr. Blankenhorn's research group, the Institute for American Values in New York, plans to issue "A Call for a New Conversation on Marriage," a tract renouncing the culture war that he was once part of, in favor of a different pro-marriage agenda. The proposed conversation will try to bring together gay men and lesbians who want to strengthen marriage with heterosexuals who want to do the same.


text:
Item Description
Letter, [Hiram Hill] to S. N. Simpson
Author: Hill, Hiram
Date: December 6, 1856
Hiram Hill wrote from Williamsburgh, Massachusetts, to Samuel Simpson in Kansas Territory, complaining to him that he had not received the map and information on the newly purchased Wyandotte lands Simpson was to send him. Hill expressed a desire to purchase two or three town shares if they were not too expensive, bringing the value of his investments in Kansas to almost half of his total worth. His aim, as he expressed it, was "first to make money, secondly help the Caus [sic] of freedom". Hill also communicated his dislike for President Pierce's recent statements, and that the free state supporters lobbying in Washington were having "pretty warm work."
Location of Original: KSHS Call Number: Hiram Hill Collection, #382, Box 1, Folder 5
Item Number: 102167 Number of images: 2
Keywords: Armstrong, Silas; Hill, Hiram; Pierce, Franklin, 1804-1869; Real estate investment; Robinson, Charles, 1818-1894; Simpson, Samuel Newell; Town companies
pg. 1
pg. 2


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Deism teaches that God made the universe and its natural laws, and then left it running on its own, free from any divine interference or interaction.
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Answers in Genesis is an apologetics ministry, dedicated to helping Christians defend their faith and proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ.


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PARIS (AP) - Dior Homme's designer Kris Van Assche is a self-confessed minimalist.
PARIS (AP) � Dior Homme's designer Kris Van Assche is a self-confessed minimalist.
It sits quite nicely, therefore, that the main motif of his spring-summer 2014 menswear show in Paris was the minimalist, neat and geometric shapes of modernist painters such as Piet Mondrian.
In highly wearable tones of burgundy and a rich mid blue (intense without being garish) Van Assche set about painting on refined Dior suit canvasses a patchwork of squares and rectangles in tonal shades of the signature colors.
The disco-cube staging � a labyrinth of rectangular mirrors � reflected the myriad quadrilaterals and produced a wonderful spectacle when the 49 looks with squarely-cut torsos filed back for the finale recap.
The concept produced some great looks, such as a series of smooth sweaters with tapered arms. But elsewhere, where the square shapes were out of kilter with the proportions of the clothes, it worked less well, and the silhouettes came across as somewhat fractured.
The other nice play in the show was the juxtaposition of the office and the beach.
"I really started this season with a lot of contrasts and contradictions," said Van Assche, who was inspired by the wacky mix of suits and sand at Art Basel in Miami.
Business suits had their arms lopped off, a great and wearable twist, and suit jackets were twinned with shorts.
But the best part of the collection was to be found due south: Sheeny, upper class Oxford shoes, subverted by a great metal suspension spring. Could they be the latest urban trend for fashionistas who have no time to change for the gym after work?
Thomas Adamson can be followed at Twitter.com/ThomasAdamsonAP