text:
You are not logged in.
Dear visitor, welcome to Loong Forum. If this is your first visit here, please read the Help. It explains in detail how this page works. To use all features of this page, you should consider registering. Please use the registration form, to register here or read more information about the registration process. If you are already registered, please login here.
Ihr sucht Gegenstände, die ihr gerne erwerben würdet?
By MonkeyDRuffy (Nov 26th 2015, 6:57pm)
Das Auktionshaus, in welchem ihr eure Dinge versteigern könnt.
By *RushOrDie* (Sep 24th 2017, 10:45pm)
There are no threads available in this forum.
0 threads - 0 posts (0 posts per day)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Seekonk, MA
|High School:
Before SHU: Lettered four times in swimming at Seekonk High School for coach Raymond Grant...Served as team captain in her senior year...Two-time Sun Chronicle All-Star...2010 Long Course top ten finish in the 1650 in New England.
Personal: Amy Nunes. Born: 9/23/91. Parents: Susan and Michael. Siblings: Danielle and Emily. Major: Elementary Education. Hobbies: Drawing, watching movies, eating. Favorite Sports Team: Boston Red Sox. Favorite Athlete: Jon Lester. Favorite Book: Into the Wild. Favorite Movie: Ferris Beuller's Day Off. Favorite TV Show: Big Bang Theory, Boy Meets World. Favorite Music: John Mayer. Favorite Food: Steak, mac & cheese. Plans for after graduation: Earn a master's in elementary education and teach third grade. Role Model: Mom. Would like to have dinner with John Mayer.


text:
# minke - Saturday 23 July, 2016
Whales are dying off the coast of Kerry, and no one seems to know why
At least three dead minke whales have been spotted off the Dingle peninsula in three months – a quarter of all strandings since 2000.Share277 Tweet
Your sayView more polls
Poll: Do you support protests and blockades by farmers?
FARMERS ARE CURRENTLY staging a protest outside a major Aldi distribution centre in Naas, Co Kildare.
Organised by the Irish Farmers' Association, the protest began at 7am and is expected to last all day.
Farmers are blocking exits and entrances at the site. IFA President Joe Healy said farmers are sick of "being short-changed" by meat factories and retailers.
The action comes after a taskforce was agreed by beef farmers and representatives of the beef processing sector in October, following weeks of protests.
So what do you think? Do you support these protests by beef farmers?
Poll Results:
How I Spend My Money: A 33-year-old HR manager in Cork on €50,000 putting in a lot of hours at work
Opinion: 'Hong Kong people are more tolerant of radical protest because of guilt - not anger'
Dr Chung Kam Kwok, a Research Fellow at Trinity College, gives some background to the violent protests seen in 2019 and asks what's next for the territory.
How I Spend My Money: A 25-year-old civil servant on €38,000 struggling to save while commuting to Dublin
The 25-year-old moved from Dublin to Kildare to cut down on expenses
Hanna Sheehy Skeffington: 'The ablest of all the fearless women who worked for Ireland's freedom'
Sheehy Skeffington fought for equality and the republican cause – but why wasn't she put forward as a candidate in the crucial 1918 election?
Dublin WeatherChange location
- Friday A couple of showers this morning Max: 11 °C Min: 6 °C
- Saturday Some sun, then turning cloudy Max: 11 °C Min: 6 °C
- Sunday Variably cloudy, a shower or two; windy Max: 8 °C Min: 5 °C
Most Popular
Most Commented
Trending Opinions
How I Spend My Money: A 33-year-old HR manager in Cork on €50,000 putting in a lot of hours at work
TheJournal.ie reader
Opinion: 'Hong Kong people are more tolerant of radical protest because of guilt - not anger'
Dr Chung Kam Kwok


text:
Baltimore- The UMBC men's lacrosse America East contest vs. Albany on Sat., April 21 will be televised live by Live Well Network, WMAR-TV's (ABC2) digital channel. UMBC will also honor its three seniors competing in their final regular season home game before the contest. The pre-game show and senior ceremony will take place at 1:00 p.m., and the opening face-off is slated for 1:10 p.m.
The network can be accessed over the air at channel 2.2, on Comcast on channel 204, and on Verizon on channel 463. The game will be produced by Jomar Productions and Steve Stofberg will be performing play-by-play duties.
The Retrievers and Great Danes have forged an outstanding north-south rivalry in America East. The two teams have met in three league championship games, with UMBC prevailing twice (2006, 2008) and Albany taking the 2007 title match-up. The Retrievers have won five of the last six games, including a 13-9 decision in New York in 2011. UMBC leads the all-time series, 9-4.
This will be UMBC Athletics' sixth televised game on LWN in the 2011-12 academic year. The fledgling network previously aired three men's soccer games and a women's and men's doubleheader.


text:
Call Us913-829-6969
Toll Free866-980-0429
Thank you for your service! Qualifying military members will receive $500 for Zero S, Zero DS, Zero SR and Zero DSR models or $250 for Zero FX and Zero FXS models at the time of purchase.
Military Purchase Program ("Program")
Who Qualifies?
Active members (including active reservists) of the US Armed Forces.
What You Need:
Program Terms and Conditions:


text:
|Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Arts and Sciences
|Social Welfare and Human Services
|Three semester hours.
|An introduction to the helping professions with emphasis on human service organizations, and models of social service delivery. Discourse on current controversial issues, social welfare policies and the code of professional ethics.
Home - General Information - Student Services -
Academic Undergraduate Regulations -
Undergraduate Degrees - Academic Graduate Regulations -
Graduate Degrees - Course Descriptions - Faculty -
Appendix A - Appendix B - Appendix C - Appendix D


text:
NBC's Bob Costas led a five-second moment of silence when Israeli athletes walked into Olympic Stadium yesterday, which the International Olympic Committee refused to do.
Costas was acknowledging the 11 Israeli athletes and coaches murdered 40 years ago during the Munich Games in 1972 by Palestinian gunmen.
"There have been calls from a number of quarters for the IOC to acknowledge that with a moment of silence at some point in tonight's ceremony, the IOC denied that request noting it had honored the victims on other occasions," Costas said on the telecast.
"Still, for many, tonight with the world watching is the true time and place to remember those who were lost and how and why they died," he continued.
Following his comments, Costas went silent for five-seconds before sending it to commercial.
Watch the full video here.
SEE ALSO: The 12 most ridiculous moments from the opening ceremonies >


text:
Call Buyer's Agent for info: (888) 790-3488
Tampa FL 33609
2009 is a home with 4 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms and 2-car garage. Features include master bed downstairs.View all new homes in Tampa, FL
Get the latest news and deals delivered weekly!
We will never share your email address.
Privacy policy


text:
National Park Vacations
|Adventure Travel > National Park Vacations
National Park Vacations
Displaying 1 - 10 of 97 national park packages.
Bookmark this on Delicious
United States
Alabama Alaska Washington Washington DC Asia
Cambodia Indonesia Vietnam Central America
Costa Rica Panama Europe
Austria Croatia Italy Slovenia North America
Mexico United States South America
Argentina Chile Ecuador Peru
Related CategoriesArts, Culture & History
Archaeological Tours Castle Vacations Cultural Tours Dude Ranches Educational Travel Photography Tours Walking Tours Wine Tours Eco Adventures
Bird Watching Tours Canoeing Eco Lodges Ecotourism Hiking Vacations Kayaking Polar Expeditions Whale Watching Tours Wildlife Viewing Tours Learning Vacations
Bird Watching Tours Culinary Vacations Educational Travel Kids Vacations Photography Tours Volunteer Travel Wilderness Adventures
Bird Watching Tours Eco Lodges Fishing Guides Fishing Lodges Hiking Vacations Horse Pack Trips Polar Expeditions Trail Rides Wildlife Viewing Tours
|Copyright © 2019 Gordon's Travel Guide. About Us | Contact Us | Advertise Here | Supplier Sign-In | Affiliate Sign-In | Privacy Policy |


text:
|Gold Coins / Bars
|Silver Coins / Bars
|Platinum Coins / Bars
|All Precious Metals
|Scrap Gold Prices
|Palladium Coins / Bars
Silver Bars - Silver Rounds - Silver Medallions
Even Weight = One, Five, Ten, One Hundred Ounce Bars
Pure Silver Bars and Silver Rounds -Goldmasters Buying Price
United States Silver Coins
Silver Dimes, Quarters, Halves, Dollars Issued Prior to 1971
Goldmasters Buying Price
U.S. Silver Dollars Issued Before 1936
United States Silver Dollar Coins - Undamaged - VG-Better
Goldmasters Buying Price
United States Silver Eagle Dollars
Picture of Silver Eagles
Picture of Silver Eagle Coin Mint Rolls
United States Proof Silver Eagle Dollars
Picture of Silver Eagles Picture of Silver Eagle Coin Mint Rolls
GoldmastersUSA requires your sending the registered mail number(s)
Click here to provide your shipping numbers
You may check the status of your order anytime by clicking here!
Goldmasters Precious Metals Selling Prices
Important: If you have entered items into your shopping basket and you wish to continue shopping
(after you have viewed our selling prices) simply click on the back arrow key on your
browser to return to this page and continue where you left off or your selections will be lost.
Note: Buy and Sell order requests cannot be combined you must place them separately.
|Goldmasters Coins & Precious Metals - Featuring Live Online Trading Since 1997
Goldmasters Coins & Precious Metals * Established 1970 *


text:
"Together is our favorite place to be!" - One of my favorite quotes from Pooh's Grand Adventure.
Please allow up to a week for processing before shipping. If you need your shirt within two weeks, it is recommended you upgrade to priority shipping. Please include any travel dates you need your shirt by. We cannot guarantee delivery, but will do our best to meet any deadlines.
All items are set to process in 2-3 weeks, but typically ship in 1 - 2 weeks.VISIT US
INSTAGRAM: @jesslyonsandtigers
FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/mainstreetprintingcompany
BLOG: www.jesslyons.com
Payment must be made for all transactions within 24 hours. Orders will not enter the queue until payment is made in full.
We ship Monday-Friday. Wise Owl products are typically shipped within 1-3 business days. Shirts and accessories may take up to 2 weeks but typically ship within 1 week.
Please remember that while we try to ship all items within one business week of ordering, they may take up to 2 weeks to ship. If you have any questions or concerns, absolutely do not hesitate to contact us. However, please remember this is a small business, not Amazon Prime and we are absolutely doing out best to fulfill orders in a timely and professional manner.
USPS First Class Shipping is estimated to take 7 days. However, 2-3 day priority shipping is available for an additional fee. If you would like this option please contact me BEFORE you order.
Delivery deadlines and custom modifications left in notes of an order without prior discussion and acknowledgement by the shop owner do not constitute an agreement and will not be grounds for a return or exchange.
PLEASE NOTE: All packages will be sent to the address listed on your Etsy accounts, Please confirm that this is the correct address!
Just contact me within: 7 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 14 days of delivery
But please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
Because of the nature of these items, unless they arrive damaged or defective, I can't accept returns for:
Unworn, non-custom shirts and accessories may be returned or exchanged according to shop policies. Shipping will not be refunded and return shipping is the responsibility of the buyer. Items will be processed up arrival in brand new condition.
Items that are damaged in transit or upon arrival must be reported to the seller with photos within 24 hours of delivery for replacement.
Wise Owl products will be assessed on a case by case basis. Unopened salve or wax may be returned or exchanged providing the seal is intact. Paint, glaze, enamel, etc. Is not eligible for return. Please contact me for sample cards. Orders are generally processed immediately, as such, cancelled orders will be assessed on a case by case basis and will be allowed whenever an order has not yet been processed.
Delivery deadlines and custom modifications left in notes of an order without prior discussion and acknowledgement by the shop owner do not constitute an agreement and will not be grounds for a return or exchange.
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have a problem with your order.


text:
If I generalize every generation tries to create their own thing to dissociate itself from its Parent, but every generation also ends up becoming its Parent at one point or another.
There was, there is and always will be bad and good music in every generations!
What is called music by the current generation is often not considered as such by the previous generations.
If i go into specific individuals, there have been, there is and will always be people digging by their own the qualities of past generations music....every note has an origin and a destination...
- Tal Farlow
As the song says ............"What is Hip?"
The music I target often depends on what phase or cycle I'm at. Obviously I listen to contemporary originals, no one can avoid it, sometimes I'm lucky to find something that inspires me. Here's an up and coming artist I like:
No doubt the technical abilities of more musicians are better. But due to the nature of gigs these days,or lack thereof. There aren't the venues to support them 5 to 7 days a week, and or as a livable income.
I don't care how much anyone practices, it's the actual gigging that teaches your skills. And without that platform you are nothing more than well studied amateur.
It's not about impressive chops, nor amount of Facebook Likes. It's about musical communication with others to create the song, and bring the audience along with you in the process. And this situation along with lack of monetary support of real pros has brought what I have been referring to the "Sad State of Music" we are now in.
Look at interviews with people like Larry Carlton, John McGlaughlin ,Vinnie Caliuta,etc. And see what they are saying about current state of music.
When they have said this we should all, pay attention.
If you've had quality engagements to enjoy and learn from, fantastic, because playing sh*t gigs can be absolutely soul-destroying.
By the way, composing music, at home or in private, of course, is a rigorous way of honing skills.
So being old and acquiring this new tablet,I'm not sure how to post videos from YouTube ?
But I can be found in mostly older videos from the Twin Cities music scene over the past decades or so. The ones I know about are Doug Maynard Band, Jay Bee& The Routine, Steve Clark & The Working Stiffs, an amp demo with Eric Gayles at American Guitar Boutique, various others.
As far as national artist's I've worked with have been Doc Severensen, Bonnie Raitt, Alexander O'Neil, Cynthia Johnson (Funkytown), Prudence Johnson (Prairie home companion ),Roy Buchanon, Martha Reeves and The Vandellas, Sister Sledge, The Drifters, Gloria Gaynor, The Shirelles, Otis Day, Al Wilson, The Steeles, Flyte Time,
The Jets, Badfinger,etc.
I've been playing in the Twin Cities for over 40 years with just about every scene sans the Alternative Music, Garage Rock Scene. A also done lots of jingle work and some teaching here as well.
I'll also stipulate I'm a professional guitarist,not a song writer. But I certainly can tell when someone has had musical training or upbringing.
Yeah the relative lack of live opportunities is a big problem for developing as a musician. Lot of bedroom players on youtube.
A book review in the Economist, of Rockonomics by Alan Krueger, includes this statistic: "Today the top 5% of performers claim 85% of concert revenue, for example, and the top 1% take 60%." This is happening in a market where artists cannot make money from recordings, so must tour constantly.
It is easy to blame the music industry for the sad state of music, but the music reflects profound social changes, particularly a trend towards conformity where everybody wants to do the same thing at once. The raw, angry rock of the past reflected a prevalent teenage attitude. The kids of today have The 1975, a band which makes Coldplay look dangerous. Meanwhile, the Rolling Stones, a band which has not made an album of original material since 2005, is touring once again.
Needless to say, there is not much room for jazz in this environment.
Engaging someone I can't "see" over the internet is not really a favourite pastime, but I was beginning to get a bit miffed with the assertion that gigging is the only way etc. Personally, I live in a place where interaction with other like-minded musicos is rather limited and a lot of so-called pros just play rehashed pop in village fiestas.
So, Martha Reeves and The Vandellas, eh? If so, count me as very jealous. So, to check y'all out, one looks up "jads57-Twin Cities-Jay Bee& The Routine"?
John Della Selva playing 80s fusion on a Strat? That you?
Regarding the original post, the reality is that the majority of people in the world have no interest in studying music. On top of that, everyone has a different personality and, as a result, will be drawn to a different type of music. Personally, it doesn't bother me that many people prefer pop, or rap, or anything other than jazz. Jazz music can benefit from pop and rap just as much as it can benefit from blues, and I would hate to think my musical options could ever be so limited as they would b if everyone appreciated the same music. In this advancing age of technology all forms of music will likely be available to anyone who cares, and if you want to know which chord or line to play at any given moment there are literally endless options...unless everyone had the same musical interests.
Peter C : I played a red strat back in 1981 with Doug Maynard. More recently a variety of Gibsons, Teles, etc.
As far as making music on the internet, or recording separately. While overturning has been around for over 60 years. I still equate it to having sex without another person, for lack of a better description.
You are relating to what's been done already. There is no reaction from the other musicians to what you play. Hence no real,spontaneity or true improvisation.
And while it can be somewhat fun,it's nowhere near live playing in practice.
And learning to play live is also the training ground to understand ensemble playing, at least in my opinion.
Jads57 impressive background.
Love Motown. Joe Messina, Robert White, Eddie Willis, Earl VanDyke, Benny Benjamin and of course the backbone James Jamerson, and the rest of players who placed Motown at so great musical heights throughout the world.
Yesterday was listening to some Martha Reeves and the Vandellas' legendary hits like Nowhere to Run, Dancing in the Street, her excellent versión of Ain´t that Peculiar, etc.
Great music.
Just so as to not confuse anyone .When I backed up most of these national performers,I was just a hired hand for that particular gig or gigs.
Sometimes it went a bit further ,especially with local people who had record deals.
Jads, I'm assuming you're the guy I saw in a couple of 80s clips, one with a kind of blond Strat, maybe Lace Sensors on that one. Cool.
I cut my teeth as a teen jamming and performing with bands - it was my life - so I know where you're coming from and respect that. However, musical onanism is not restricted to bedrooms, I can tell you, and it can completely ruin a live jam. Have unplugged and gone home on more than one occasion. For what you're saying to work, it's gotta be with the right people.
I was put in touch with a great drummer a couple of years ago. He was in a popular European band and made enough money to buy a property up in the hills. We jammed all weekend and really hit it off, but the lack of a suitable bass player in a 100 mile radius and the ride to his house just made it unworkable.
If you're lucky enough to be surrounded by hot (and "giving") players, the potential for sharing and learning is obvious, but I actually don't want anyone around when making up tunes. On the other hand, I love to hear others play my stuff.
BTW, I can post a rough and ready vid if requested. I ain't shy
PS One thing, do/did you make enough money to support a family, pay off a mortgage, stuff like that?
Last edited by Peter C; 06-23-2019 at 05:58 PM.
I'm not saying it doesn't suck to lack live scenes, but I have hope for the future.
I think the music industry reached its nadir around the time of the Black Eyed Peas and Lady Gaga, and has been slowly on the mend since. In 15-20 years we can expect to see acts of the same musical stature as Right Said Fred and Scatman John.
This technology thing has gotten so pervasive that it's hit every aspect of the music world.
Tonight I had a paid rehearsal for a musical I'm playing (Mama Mia) for the next month (30 shows!), and there were three keyboard players there, along with bass, drums and guitar. No horns...
When I'd look up from the music at some dazzling keyboard sound, there'd be nobody playing it.
Apparently, two of the keyboard players have some tracks player called a Symphonia that plays a bunch of pre-programmed tracks.
When we were playing the Entr'acte, one of the Symphonias was out of sync with what the band was playing, and it sounded like a bi-tonal, Stravinsky piece. They kept playing, anyway.
It hasn't gotten to the point where they're using drum machines yet, but I'm outta there if that happens.
Another thing nowadays, seems like being the Entertainer is the primary goal. We were happy to be just players backing the front person.
Maybe they have it correct since there never was any real future in being a musician.Even when gigs were plentiful and actually paid at least $100,lol!
Pop music is characterized by vocals. Various pop genres with staying power were always built around some vocal stereotype. Words are sung or spoken in a certain fashion, using genre specific song techniques, lyrics and recording equipment. Without vocals it wouldn't fit in a pop pigeon hole and would have to go into the instrumental bin together with misc. lounge music and assorted Jazz.
Typically the vocalist is the main attraction, musicians are disposable sidekicks. In the 21st century, musicians playing instruments have gradually been replaced by a producer with DAW synth plugs, sometimes referred to as a "DJ". Over the last decades Electronic Dance Music (EDM) turned the "DJ" into a super star and vocalists became supporting actors. The DJ is the song writer, the producer and the guy leading a stadium concert, the concert arena turned into a dance floor.
Jazz used to be dance music (a long time ago). The vocalist was there as well as the DJ counterpart in the shape of a swing band leader, like Count Basie and Duke Ellington ("DJ Basie" and da Duke"). Ellington, Miller and Basie standards will still be played by big bands in 50 years, just like there are still Symphonic orchestras playing music that was written 300 years ago. The caretakers and watchmen of the music heritage typically belong to an educated elite, who's primary focus is on the tones (not vocals in particular) and with no direct purpose to provide pop to the masses (uneducated consumers, demographic marketing targets, mostly teenagers).
The sax gave the voice to Jazz, the electric guitar gave the voice to Rock. Now we live in the age of the DAW and music is supposed to be a free giveaway on the internet, this is the problem and you know it. But the table is about to turn as the musical drought has become unbearable. Embrace the opportunity.
Btw in the baroque era no one gave a shit about instrumental music and it was all about the singers.
I've been thinking about this since the thread started and I would be interested to see how music (in the US, anyway) would change if there was a greater emphasis on teaching it in schools. I know when I was in college and we were introduced to a new (to us) concept in a psychology class, for instance, we basically went out looking for it, excited about our newfound knowledge.
So my thinking is that the popcorn pop music of today is thriving because it's listeners don't know any better. But if they were taught some of the intricacies of music, they would look out for them more and might seek more complex music.
I knew a bassist that would yawn at what I thought was impressive guitar work and say it's just the same four chords with a finger-roll pattern and then a chord change to keep everyone from getting bored. He couldn't stand pop, but did enjoy EDM because his theory was that it was all in the key of B (if I remember him right) and he liked hearing how someone operated under that kind of constraint. It always made for interesting conversations.
Instruments in general have got louder and more flexible. This might not always be an improvement in tone quality. In jazz we see this - modern trombones are louder than early 20th century ones, Selmer Mark 6 is louder than balanced action, steel strings louder than guts and so on, but they all have their adherents.
From the point of view of the guitar, I prefer the sound of 18th century style guitars to modern classical, but there's no doubt that the latter is a more versatile and capable instrument.
Harpsichord? Well for an instrument that Sir Thomas Beecham once described as 'two skeletons copulating on a tin roof' there's been a renaissance in recreation of 17th/18th century instruments and some of them sound almost quite nice.
But yeah you could argue that the drive towards the development of the instruments of the orchestra were in response to ever more complex orchestral music. Also inventors were hard at work coming up with stuff for composers.
Look at all the stupid instruments they had like the Ophecliede, they were always inventing things. Instruments needed patronage, music written for them. The abortive career of the Sax in the orchestra is an interesting and sad footnote, Ravel aside.
But as nowadays many people listen to Vivaldi's concertos or whatever for pleasure I wouldn't necessarily agree the quality of the instruments was the reason for this. Just changing fashions.
After all before Sinatra, the big band (Dorsey, Miller, Goodman, whatever) was the main attraction and the singer was a sidekick....
I think maybe the reason that the current state of music is so sad is because there are so many more great musical craftsmen than great musical artists. IMO, a good blend of both qualities is required for great music. When music is focused only at one extreme or the other it gets pretty boring.
Today we were performing the overture to a show to a large audience, and the people were talking louder than we were playing!
Then, when we finished and segued into the first number with a vocalist, they started shushing each other, and the hall was completely quiet.
Some of them must have felt guilty or something, because a bunch of them told us we sounded great after the show was over.
One time I was at a little venue and a stand-up comic came on. He was doing the best he could, but he was getting no reaction, silence. You could hear a pin drop in the place. You could see him getting increasingly frustrated and agitated. He finally burst out in an angry tirade against the audience. "Why aren't you laughing?! ... Don't you know good humor when you hear it?!" On and on...it was apparently all our fault. One of the most embarrasing things I've ever seen on a stage.
I sure hope jazz hasn't come to that.
A lot of my favorite pop music from, say, 50s-80s isn't all that musically complex. But one thing I have noticed that has been dying out is a good melodic hook. You can sometimes see them struggling, but they can't quite seem to write melodies anymore. It all sounds like harmony instead of melody.
Actually a band called Go West from thhat era was quite interesting. Richard Page from Mr.Mr. also has written so e great songs under the band name Pages.
As we get away from real musicians being involved in actual Pop Music. We are left with simplistic background for the singers to sell their songs
This why music so awfully these days. But it goes further since we are not funding all aspects from arrangers,engineers,musicians,etc.
The same holds true for any field that is underfunded. No one that's any good works for free or promises of exposure to their name. Until this changes, We are stuck with older music as the only alternative.
Another question to most of you. How many here are or were making their living in the music industry ? If not would you work for free at your day job?
Jazz is fun because musicians get attention...provided there's an audience...
You know jads, The music industry is not the only sector where computers replace humans. Many jobs are gone. Fortunately, music is a free form of art that will find new ways going forward. Meanwhile, being the caretaker of older music could be a healthy niche as the fan base is significant. People, young and old, love to hear live music by real musicians.
Dont know, always I listen "todays music its bad because now you turn on the TV and theres..." or "look who is selling most tickets now...", i just can think "so ? that really cares ?".
I mean, why its important which musician is the most selling nowadays ?
Music is many things, for other people music its a show to go and have fun, its a party time, not about listen the arrangements and the complex melody.
Nowadays you want classical music ? Shure theres an orchestra should be playing something.
You want jazz ? Shure theres jazz at some place.
It doesnt cares what music is the top selling.
With internet now everyone can make a specific forum of each music and just have full of what they want.
Doesnt matter if the artist you like its not rich and cant tour all over the world, now artists can upload their music and be shared with the whole world. At least i dont care about go to listen music to a big crowded place to legitimize the music work of the musician. Music is just important if the musician can live a filthy life earned by his music ?
And always think that all we into music, are going to be spreading the appreciation of "music for musicians" and music its going to be going on.
The words "too many notes, Mozart" attributed to Emperor Joseph II on hearing The Marriage of Figaro reflect a reality: that which can induce states of rapture in musicians often has an overloading or numbing effect on others. Watcha gonna do?


text:
The City of Clemson and the surrounding areas are full of historical sites and beautiful scenery! Many of these places are free to visit and are open year round. For more information on historical sites in our community, please visit the following links:
Ashtabula House
Fort Hill
The Hanover House
The Heritage Corridor
The Hunt Cabin
The Madren Center
The Old Stone Church
South Carolina Botanical Garden
Woodburn Plantation
Copyright 2019 by City of Clemson, SC
Terms Of Use | Privacy Statement


text:
If you've been working out for a while then you most certainly would have heard people talking about "low impact". The term; "low impact cardio" refers to a workout or virtually any type of fitness based activity that significantly reduces/eliminates the level of impact that is generated when your body's limbs strike a rigid, solid surface.
While this may be the first time that you are actually hearing about this type of workout routine, it is actually not even remotely new in any way. Quite the opposite, this type of workout routine has existed and been utilized for a relatively long time.
Some examples of fairly common low impact cardio exercises are: yoga, swimming, and elliptical machine workouts. As a type of exercise machine, elliptical trainers are vastly superior to virtually all others, as it relates to low impact cardio. Common forms of exercise, such as: weightlifting, running/jogging, and various sports, have several adverse side effects On the other hand, elliptical trainers give you the ability to avoid these adverse side effects by allowing you to work out through zero impact motions that are controlled. Unlike the aforementioned high impact exercises that can cause injuries and possible long term problems, elliptical trainers are relatively safe to use.
Furthermore, the cardio workout that an elliptical trainer provides is extremely efficient at burning away unwanted fat – without putting undue stress or stain on any of your joints. The foot pedals of any elliptical trainer move in an elliptical configuration (hence the name) in an effort to effectively simulate your natural running motion perfectly. However, unlike actually running, when you properly utilize an elliptical machine, both your hands and your feet remain fixed to the machine.
This is why there is no impact and as a result, your ankles, knees, and other joints thank you. If that wasn't enough, literally all proper elliptical trainers have the versatility and customizability that gives you're the power to adjust and alter factors such as speed and/or resistance. This means that any workout that you choose to do on an elliptical trainer is personalized to suit your body and your needs.
At the same time, what about weight loss? Well, as stated before, elliptical trainers are good for weight loss and fat burning as well. On average, your typical low impact cardio elliptical trainer workout can singlehandedly burn 500 -1000 calories (the exact value depends largely on the overall intensity of your workout). It goes without saying that this amount can be significantly augmented with appropriate nutrition and a proper diet that essentially gives you sustainable energy levels for a balanced workout. Proper refueling after an elliptical trainer workout is also a must as well.
Low impact elliptical trainer exercises have high levels of accessibility and as a result virtually anyone can utilize this workout. Elderly persons can use this workout to stay limber without stressing their weak joints Similarly, individuals who are recuperating after an injury or are in physical therapy can make use of this low impact workout as well.
Most low impact workouts focus on the ankles, knees, and hips. This is because these are the areas that are consistently under the most physical stress. So, if like so many others, you are ready to forgo running and other high impact exercises, an elliptical trainer is most certainly the best choice.


text:
Rose Mini Marble Chill Pills
£2.00 – £9.00
Why buy a large bath bomb when you can have just as much fun with these mini treats!
Select from either an organza bag or a clear filled tube with 10, 30 or 50 Mini Marble Chill Pill Bath Bombs. These can come as one scent or as an assorted arrangement.
With so many amazing , vibrant scents it is little wonder that the Mini Marble Bath bombs are one of Bathtime Boutique's best sellers.
Simply drop one or two pills in a nice hot bath , then all that's left to do is to lay back and relax!
10, 30, 50
Organza Bag, Tube
Sodium Bicarbonate, Citric Acid, Parfum, Aqua, CI18050, Citronellol, Geraniol, Linalool


text:
(April 15, 2014) – The foremost crane experts in North America heard encouraging news for Louisiana's experimental whooping crane population when news of eggs produced by a mating pair was announced at the 13th North American Crane Workshop in Lafayette, La.
"I am proud today to announce to you that our small population of whooping cranes is adjusting well to life in the wild and a mating pair has produced eggs in the wild for the first time in over 70 years on the Louisiana landscape," said Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF) Secretary Robert Barham. "Our biologist team and partners including the International Crane Foundation, the Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the U.S. Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries Foundation and project funding donors have all made this moment possible."
Barham and Lt. Governor Jay Dardenne welcomed the workshop group on Tuesday morning at Hotel Acadiana.
"Thanks to the completion of our state birding guide—published through my office in partnership with the American Birding Association and the Atchafalaya National Heritage Area -- Louisiana has become a strong competitor for birding-related tourism," said Dardenne. "Similarly, conservation efforts such as the reintroduction of the whooping crane to Louisiana since 2011 are positive steps toward ecotourism in our state."
The state whooping crane reintroduction project began with the release of an initial cohort of juvenile cranes in 2011 at White Lake Wetlands Conservation Area in Vermilion Parish. The single nest with eggs, on the northern end of the Cajun prairie, remains under observation by project biologists.
Including subsequent cohorts, 50 whooping cranes have been released in Louisiana. Thirty of those birds have survived. Some have been lost to predators, some to naturally occurring health problems, and five in total have been confirmed as killed or wounded in shooting incidents.
The North American Crane Working Group, meeting this week in southwest Louisiana, is being briefed on Louisiana's whooping crane reintroduction, the wild Aransas/Wood Buffalo whooping crane flock, the technology utilized in crane research and challenges to crane survival.
To learn more about LDWF's whooping crane re-population project, visit http://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/wildlife/whooping-cranes [4] .
For information LDWF's whooping crane reintroduction project, contact Bo Boehringer at 225-765-5115 or email@example.com [5]. For more information on the workshop, call Sammy King at 225-578-4179 or email@example.com [6] .
Photo 1: Lt. Governor Jay Dardenne welcomes North American Crane Workshop attendees to Lafayette.
Photo 2: LDWF Secretary Robert Barham announces news of the first whooping crane eggs produced in the wild in Louisiana in 70 years.
Photo 3: Whooping crane nest with eggs on the northern end of Louisiana's Cajun prairie.


text:
eBooks from Overdrive
OverDrive@SLU includes popular titles, fiction, current events titles, biography, and audiobooks to complement our Browsing Collection. You can check out and download the titles you want to your computer, e-reader, MP3 player, or other handheld device.
OverDrive Next Generation
OverDrive@SLU, our downloadable collection of e-books and audiobooks, has a fresh look and some new features designed to make your reading and listening experiences better than ever. The new site expands your options with the launch of OverDrive Read, a browser-based ebook format that allows you to check out a book and begin reading with a single click: no software to install or files to download.
OverDrive Read works on any computer or device with access to a modern web browser. OverDrive still supports (and provides easier borrowing for) all previously compatible e-book and audio devices including Kindle, Android, iPad, and Nook.
Our OverDrive collection is available 24/7 with your SLU ID, and includes bestsellers, award-winners, biographies, contemporary poetry, humor, and other popular fiction and nonfiction.
Questions? For technical assistance, visit the IT Help Desk on the lower level of ODY or call (315) 229-5770. If you have comments on the collection or ideas for new content, contact Michelle Gillie at ODY (email@example.com or (315) 229-5834). We always welcome suggestions for new titles from the SLU community.


text:
The #1 Reason Why Men and Women Over 50 Cheat (It's Not What You Think!)
By Barbara Hannah Grufferman , October 11, 2012 06:00 AM
According to Dr. Helen Fisher, the biological anthropologist, there is an ancient human tendency to partner and re-partner, which she calls the "four year itch." A long time ago, it was assumed that if a child lived to see age four, he or she would survive. The biological parents were then free to move on to new sexual adventures, and the child would be passed on to the group, at which time the "it takes a village" mentality would kick in.
This dates back millions of years to a time when men and women were equal on many different levels -economically, socially and sexually. Some gathered, some hunted, but there's one thing they all did, rather frequently, too -they had sex. They had to! How else could the human race survive and thrive? The only way to secure the future was to have lots and lots of sex, with lots and lots of different partners. And, boy did they ever! We're all here, so the system must have worked.
Join the discussion: Have You Ever Been to a Nude Beach?
While all this hanky-panky was going on, according to Dr. Fisher, different hormones kicked in with each new sexual experience to increase the pleasure, creating a feeling of passion and euphoria, causing everyone to want more. Clearly, the human body was designed to be this highly efficient hunting, gathering, sexual, and procreating machine. So, why am I telling you this? To try to make some sense out of why people have affairs. Why so many men and women risk everything -families, jobs, lives -for a night or two (or more) of passion and fun. At a recent lecture, Dr. Fisher proclaimed that we have affairs because we are biologically hard-wired to have them and we simply can't help ourselves. Anthropologically and biologically speaking, men need to spread the sperm and women need to procreate.
But, Dr. Fisher also believes in free will. We may be programmed to do this, but it does not mean we have to. That's the crux of it. Isn't it better to focus our energy, love, and bodies on the partner with whom we chose to make a home and a family? Esther Perel, author of "Mating in Captivity" and the expert I consulted for my chapter on sex in "The Best of Everything After 50" (and who was on the panel with Dr. Fisher) explained the psychology behind it all.
Very often, men and women have affairs because they have lost something or someone in the previous year or two. Perhaps someone close to them died, or left home, or they lost a job. Even more profound, Esther has found that women especially can feel as though they've lost a part of themselves, and by having an affair, they can reclaim it. For both men and women, it can be neatly tied up in a big bow and called "midlife crisis."
Interestingly enough, people usually don't have affairs because they no longer love their partners. So, we're presented with a mixed bag of biological and psychological tendencies to cheat. None of us, according to both experts, are immune. What to do? I spent a great deal of time with Esther when researching and writing my chapter on sex and it comes down to this: unless you're in a relationship that is detrimental to your physical, emotional, spiritual, and psychological well being, the recommendation is to fight against these tendencies with every ounce of will power you have.
We're over 50. Maybe we're bored with our partners, or annoyed by those same qualities and characteristics that we found so charming twenty years ago. Or possibly sex has slowed down because we're all a combination of tired, over-worked, and too busy. There are zillions of reasons one could give as to why sex is often placed on the back burner and why you might want to succumb to the urges that are inherent in all of us by having a fling with someone new.
But, consider this: Why not make that "someone new" the partner you already have? How? Excellent question. For some answers, check out this video based on a conversation I had with Esther Perel about getting--and keeping--your sex life back on track:
For more tips on living your best life after 50 (or 60, or 70...) check out "The Best of Everything After 50: The Experts' Guide to Style, Sex, Health, Money and More" and www.bestofeverythingafter50.com. Keep me posted on how you're doing by subscribing to me on Facebook and "tweeting" me on Twitter at @BGrufferman.
Photos: 123rf.com, thedailymarriage.com, writingwomenshistory.com


text:
Wirefly helps you save on cell phones and plans by offering innovative comparison tools so consumers can make educated choices. Start saving today with Wirefly!
Wirefly helps you save on Internet service by offering innovative comparison tools to compare Internet providers in your area.
Test your current internet connection with our speed test and see what services your provider can handle. Find out your download speed, upload speed, latency, and more.
Test Your Internet SpeedInternet Speed Test
Health insurance is a type of insurance that helps cover costs of expensive health, surgical, and medical costs. Among the many different types of payment medical providers support, your health care insurance can help reimburse what you paid or directly pay the provider itself. One of the easiest ways to help compare health plans in Efland, NC is to receive your own free online quote via Wirefly. This is an easy to use and helpful service that can make finding and signing up for health insurance simple.
You can easily identify which health care plans are available to you through either your private insurance or your job's employers. If you're a senior citizen you can view your plans through Medicare and if you are part of a low income family you can view your plans through Medicare or Medicaid. However, another thing to keep in mind is what level of health care coverage you require. If you need to cover more serious injuries or preexisting conditions you will need higher-costing plans versus those who only need anticipate fewer health care needs.
The future healthcare needs of any person are quite unpredictable. As such, correctly determining the amount of coverage you will need for the coming year might prove difficult. An individual's past is the best indicator to use for his/her future healthcare needs since it offers an educated guess about what one might need in future. For instance, if you are healthy more often than not and rarely need to see a medical service provider, you will most likely get adequate coverage from a low-cost health insurance plan. On the other hand, looking into a medical insurance plan that offers a broad range of coverage is probably the best option if you are suffering from a chronic health condition and need to pay a specialist or your primary healthcare physician regular visits.
The catastrophic only insurance is one of the health insurance plans available at a low price in Efland, NC. This insurance plan is ideal for those who rarely visit medical service providers and only want to be covered in case of a serious emergency. For those who participate in dangerous activities or travel on a regular basis, an insurance plan that covers frequent trips to the doctor's office, as well as ER visits, is probably the best choice.
Higher coverage is usually available at a higher monthly premium, meaning the more your monthly payments, the more your insurer pays towards your medical needs. As such, considering your lifestyle and medical history is important. It helps you to determine the most economical option for your healthcare needs. Aside from ensuring you have the basics covered, adding more coverage based on affordability and necessity is also recommended.
When individuals shop for health insurance coverage in Efland, NC, they have many options. Some of the types of plans include PPO, HMO, POS, HSA, HRA, FSA, and a MSA. People need to find the right one that is best for them. These plans each differ in what they will offer. The terms and flexibility will vary. Selecting an insurance plan can seem complex; therefore, it is important that people understand each type of plan, so they will know what to expect from each one.
A Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) is a plan in which people usually have less out-of-pocket expenses, but they will also have fewer choices in the doctor's they can see. Normally, with an HMO, people will have coverage for most preventative medical procedures. One of the best things about HMOs is that people will not be required to pay a deductible. Most of the time, the co-payment will be small. Individuals must choose a physician inside the network with proper authorization from the primary doctor, so sometimes the options are limited. This type of coverage is good for people who prefer lower premiums, and want certain preventative coverages for regular check-ups.
A Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) is a plan that offers a larger network of providers. These doctors are contracted to offer services to members at a lower or discounted price. The insured is not required to choose a primary care doctor, but has the option to see a choice of physicians within the network. Individuals normally have a yearly deductible that they must pay before coverage can begin. Many of the services require a copayment that the insured needs to pay. With this option, there are also limits on how much a person can spend annually. If a person chooses a doctor out of the network, the out-of-pocket expenses will be higher. No referral is needed for a PPO. This type of coverage is good for people who like flexibility and the freedom to choose their doctor and do not mind the higher premiums.
A Point of Service (POS) plan is a combination of an HMO and PPO. The insured will choose a primary care doctor in Efland, NC from the network of providers. Co-payments are minimal, and no deductible is needed. If a person goes to see a doctor out of the network, the prices are much higher. This is good for individuals who prefer flexibility when choosing doctors and enjoy the balance of more choices as opposed to lower premiums.
In Efland, NC, there are some unconventional options to health insurance. A Health Savings Account (HSA), a Health Reimbursement Account (HRA), a Health Flexible Spending Arrangement (FSA), and a Medical Savings Account (MSA) are options for health insurance in Efland, NC. With these choices, individuals will set up a tax-exempt savings account and put money aside to pay for anything that people need for medical care. This can include prescriptions, routine doctor's visits, and surgeries. In some cases, the money can even be used for over the counter medications. This option has lots of flexibility when it comes to how the money is distributed, and any extra funds can be applied to the next year.
When considering a health care plan in Efland, NC, there are a lot of terms that might be unfamiliar and can be difficult to understand for those who've never come across them before. A premium is a monthly cost that's paid to cover the health insurance plan that's being provided. Even if the insurance isn't used during the course of the year, the money isn't returned.
As for the deductible, certain plans will require the insured individual to pay a small portion of money for the healthcare service before insurance covers the remainder. This is typically set to an annual amount. On the other hand, out-of-pocket expenses are the amount that has actually been paid of the deductible. Upon reaching the deductible limit, the remainder of the costs will be covered. However, if the deductible has not been reached by the end of the year, the out-of-pocket costs will go back to $0.
Co-payments with an insurance plan involve any necessary costs during the initial visit to a doctor or physician. This is usually something low like $20 or $30 for a doctor's visit. If the services provided during the visit are covered by the insurance plan, the remainder of costs will be covered. Some plans come with a maximum benefit for an individual that extends to multiple years. Once this limit is reached, the insurance company may refuse to cover any additional healthcare costs. Thankfully, this limit is usually set very high and isn't allotted by all insurance providers. Some larger Efland, NC businesses and corporations will offer group plans that are available to all employees. These plans tend to be more affordable than individual plans.
In today's world, more and more people are self-employed. Any individual that's self-employed, and even those who are currently unemployed, have the ability to purchase a private health insurance plan on an individual basis. The premiums for these plans can be more expensive, so make sure to weigh the benefits. Senior citizens will usually be able to receive government assistance through plans like Medicare and Medicaid. These plans are typically available to anyone 65 years of age and older, though younger people with severe disabilities may also apply. To identify which health plans are best, simply speak with your doctor, as they have a better understanding of your healthcare needs. When changing health care plans, make sure that the primary care physician knows about this change. The actual provider of the insurance plan will be able to answer any questions.
You already know how important it is to have a good health insurance plan for yourself and your family. Now you need to find out which plan and company offer the best options that fit your needs. There are many options to consider, and choosing a health insurance plan in Efland, NC can be an overwhelming experience. That is why Wirefly has made it easy to get a quote quickly, just by entering your ZIP code.
Don't miss out on the health coverage that you need just because you don't have time to compare health insurance plans and rates in Efland, NC. Wirefly can help you find the right plan with the amount of coverage you need at a price that you can afford. It only takes a few minutes for you to get your free health insurance quote, let us help you simplify one of the biggest decisions you will make by helping you compare health insurance rates today here at Wirefly.
Wirefly offers great deals on a large selection of smartphones, cell phones, tablets, mobile hotspots, and other wireless devices for the nation's most popular carriers. Use Wirefly's innovative cell phone and plan comparison tools to ensure you are getting the best deal on the market. Shop with confidence knowing that Wirefly wants to help you find the best prices on cell phones, cell phone plans, TV, and Internet service.


text:
887 S. Matlack Street
West Chester, PA 19383
Fax: 610-436-2635
Email: Institutional Research
The Common Data Set (CDS) contains standardized data on a variety of items that pertain to the University. These include enrollment and persistence, admissions, expenses, degrees conferred, etc. The actual measures and calculations have been determined by the Common Data Set Advisory Board. By utilizing these standardized measures all colleges ensure that they are collecting comparable data which can then be easily reviewed by perspective students. This data set is utilized by various publishers when determining their annual college/university rankings.


text:
Lafourche Parish President Charlotte Randolph will appear before the Ethics Adjudicatory Board this spring regarding ethics charges against her.
Lafourche Parish President Charlotte Randolph will appear before the Ethics Adjudicatory Board this spring regarding ethics charges against her.
The hearing is set for March 7.
Randolph faces charges related to a Grand Isle camp she owns and rented to BP in the wake of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill.
According to the state's documents, Randolph, her husband, George, and their company, Randolph Publications, got $50,000 in rental fees from BP between June and October 2011.
That constitutes a conflict of interest because Lafourche Parish government got $1 million from BP to cover spill-related expenses, state officials said.
"She was prohibited from having any personal dealings with them," Ethics Board spokeswoman Alainna Giacone has said.
Randolph met with Ethics Board attorneys on multiple occasions in 2012, according to Giacone.
Giacone has said settlement negotiations were being discussed.
In May, an Ethics Board attorney told Randolph the board rejected a settlement proposal that would have dismissed the charges. The attorney said the board would be open to reviewing subsequent proposals.
A settlement counter offer was rejected by the Board of Ethics in October, according to the conference report.
Though Giacone said a hearing is scheduled, it is unclear what other action was taken at last week's telephone conference. A conference report about the meeting will be available later this week.
Last week, Randolph declined to comment on the conference aside from saying she is hopeful the matter will be settled soon.
Any resulting penalty would be decided by the Adjudicatory Board.
Reports provided by Giacone indicate Randolph and her husband argued in a February conference they self-reported the infraction and believe they acted diligently.
Randolph will have an opportunity to defend herself at the hearing, Giacone has said.
State law says the board is authorized to order Randolph to forfeit the money from BP and order payment of other penalties.


text:
WALTHAM, Mass.- In a grind-it-out, sometimes sloppy, and very physical contest, the sixth-ranked Washington University (Mo.) Bears snapped the Brandeis University women's basketball team's six game winning streak at Red Auerbach Arena, 61-51. The Bears improve to 19-2, 9-1 in the University Athletic Association (UAA) while the Judges fall to 12-9, 6-4 in the UAA.
The game opened up with four missed shots and five turnovers in the first two and a half minutes before WashU's junior guard Maddy Scheppers (Bossier City, La./Airline) hit a 3-pointer from the left wing. The Bears would push their lead to 5-0 on a layup by senior forward Jordan Rettig (Sugar Grove, Ill./Rosary) but that would be their largest, and only, advantage of the period. Brandeis' senior guard Kasey Dean (Southbury, Conn./Pomperaug) got the Judges on the board with a put-back of her own missed jumper, sparking a 15-2 run over the next four and a half minutes. Rookie guard Paris Hodges (Southampton, N.Y./Southampton) capped the surge with a trifecta at the 12:03 mark to give Brandeis a 15-7 lead.
The Bears never backed down and answered right back with seven straight points to cut their deficit down to 15-14. The Judges were able to push the lead back up to six on a pair of free throws from sophomore guard Samantha Mancinelli (Durham, Conn./Coginchaug Regional) but WashU responded with the last five points of the half and Brandeis headed to the locker rooms clinging to a 21-20 advantage.
In the second half, the fouls piled up as the Judges were called for seven fouls before five minutes had even come off the clock. Both Dean and rookie forward Maria Jackson (Rochester, N.Y./Hilton) were forced out of the game with four fouls apiece. At the time, the Bears led 30-28 but once Dean and Jackson headed to the bench, WashU embarked on a 9-2 run that gave them their largest lead of the contest with 9:57 remaining in the game, 39-30. From there, Brandeis would get no closer than five points. With 8:38 to play, a layup by senior center Angela Miller (Sicklerville, N.J./Timber Creek) made it 39-34. The Judges cut it back down to five for the last time with 6:26 on the clock when senior guard Janelle Rodriguez (Peabody, Mass./Peabody Veterans) drained a long trifecta to make it 42-37. After that basket, WashU put the contest to bed with an 8-0 surge and Brandeis was unable to cut the lead to single digits the rest of the way.
The Judges played an excellent defensive 40 minutes, holding the Bears to under 30% shooting from the field (29.8%) for the first time this season, their fewest made field goals (14), and their lowest scoring output (61). The Judges were called for 26 fouls while the Bears had 13 for the game. That translated into a 35 shot disparity at the charity stripe where WashU went 29-for-43 while Brandeis was 5-for-8.
Brandeis put two starters in double-figures as Dean netted a team-high 13 points followed by Rodriguez who scored 11, including 3-for-5 shooting from beyond the arc. Miller led the squad with seven rebounds while Rodriguez and senior forward Nicolina Vitale (Clinton Township, Mich./Chippewa Valley) each grabbed five caroms. Miller and Vitale also shared game-high honors with a block apiece. Mancinelli led the Judges with three assists while rookie forward Sydney Sodine (Dix Hills, N.Y./Half Hollow Hills West) had one of her best efforts of the season with seven points, three boards, and a team-high two steals.
WashU won with an even scoring offense that had four players in double-digits. Scheppers led the squad with a double-double featuring game-highs of 16 points and 10 rebounds. Junior forward Melissa Gilkey (Woodinville, Wash./Woodinville), sophomore guard Jordan Thompson (Webster Groves, Mo./Webster Groves), and junior guard Alyssa Johanson (Orinda, Calif./Miramonte) each added 10 points. Scheppers and Thompson shared squad-high honors with three assists apiece while Scheppers added a game-high three steals.
Brandeis continues their UAA slate with a game against the University of Chicago on Sunday February 16th at 2:00 p.m. The Bears resume their weekend UAA road trip against NYU.


text:
A Newtown man was sentenced in federal court in Hartford Wednesday to 23 years in prison for producing, possessing and distributing child pornography, federal prosecutors said.
Edward Wilson, 29, filmed and photographed himself with an iPhone sexually abusing a 4-year-old girl and stored the files on laptops at his home, prosecutors said. According to authorities, Wilson drugged the young girl, who was 2 or 3 when the abuse started, with NyQuil "in order to lower her senses" and then molested her.
When authorities searched his house in April 2012 they found more than 2,500 images and 200 videos of child pornography stashed on two laptops, depicting "children under 16 years old" engaged in various sex acts, according to papers filed in U.S. District Court in Hartford.
Wilson, who worked as a landscaper in Monroe, previously pleaded guilty to one federal count of production of child pornography. On Wednesday, he was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Vanessa Bryant to 280 months of prison time and 10 years of supervised release.
Federal investigators began investigating his online activities after receiving a complaint from America Online that Wilson was using his AOL email account to trade pornographic material involving children, the court documents said.
Wilson also faces state charges, including sexual assault and child pornography possession. His next court date at Superior Court in Danbury is June 10.
"The U.S. Attorney's Office is steadfastly committed to working with our state counterparts to use the full weight of federal child exploitation laws to prosecute those who commit these heinous crimes," U.S. Attorney David Fein said in a news release. "Together we can protect society from dangerous offenders, often in ways that protect young victims from having to testify and being further victimized. I want to thank the Danbury State's Attorney's Office, the Connecticut State Police, the Newtown Police Department, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Connecticut Child Exploitation Task Force for their critical assistance and cooperation during the course of this investigation."
Prosecutors said that while sitting in prison awaiting sentencing, Wilson kept a "handwritten journal, over 100 pages long, in which he tells made-up stories in extremely graphic detail about a 4-year-old girl and her 7-year-old sister engaging in sexual acts with the defendant."
firstname.lastname@example.com; 203-731-3350; http://www.twitter.com/ljanyNT


text:
Summary: Thiolase, N-terminal domain
Pfam includes annotations and additional family information from a range of different sources. These sources can be accessed via the tabs below.
This is the Wikipedia entry entitled "Thiolase". More...
The Wikipedia text that you see displayed here is a download from Wikipedia. This means that the information we display is a copy of the information from the Wikipedia database. The button next to the article title ("Edit Wikipedia article") takes you to the edit page for the article directly within Wikipedia. You should be aware you are not editing our local copy of this information. Any changes that you make to the Wikipedia article will not be displayed here until we next download the article from Wikipedia. We currently download new content on a nightly basis.
Does Pfam agree with the content of the Wikipedia entry ?
Pfam has chosen to link families to Wikipedia articles. In some case we have created or edited these articles but in many other cases we have not made any direct contribution to the content of the article. The Wikipedia community does monitor edits to try to ensure that (a) the quality of article annotation increases, and (b) vandalism is very quickly dealt with. However, we would like to emphasise that Pfam does not curate the Wikipedia entries and we cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information on the Wikipedia page.
Editing Wikipedia articles
Before you edit for the first time
Wikipedia is a free, online encyclopedia. Although anyone can edit or contribute to an article, Wikipedia has some strong editing guidelines and policies, which promote the Wikipedia standard of style and etiquette. Your edits and contributions are more likely to be accepted (and remain) if they are in accordance with this policy.
You should take a few minutes to view the following pages:
How your contribution will be recorded
Anyone can edit a Wikipedia entry. You can do this either as a new user or you can register with Wikipedia and log on. When you click on the "Edit Wikipedia article" button, your browser will direct you to the edit page for this entry in Wikipedia. If you are a registered user and currently logged in, your changes will be recorded under your Wikipedia user name. However, if you are not a registered user or are not logged on, your changes will be logged under your computer's IP address. This has two main implications. Firstly, as a registered Wikipedia user your edits are more likely seen as valuable contribution (although all edits are open to community scrutiny regardless). Secondly, if you edit under an IP address you may be sharing this IP address with other users. If your IP address has previously been blocked (due to being flagged as a source of 'vandalism') your edits will also be blocked. You can find more information on this and creating a user account at Wikipedia.
If you have problems editing a particular page, contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we will try to help.
Contact us
The community annotation is a new facility of the Pfam web site. If you have problems editing or experience problems with these pages please contact us.
Thiolase Edit Wikipedia article
|Thiolase, N-terminal domain
|1pxt / SUPFAM
|Thiolase, C-terminal domain
|1pxt / SUPFAM
Thiolases, also known as acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferases (ACAT), are enzymes which convert two units of acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl CoA in the mevalonate pathway.
Thiolases are ubiquitous enzymes that have key roles in many vital biochemical pathways, including the beta oxidation pathway of fatty acid degradation and various biosynthetic pathways.[1] Members of the thiolase family can be divided into two broad categories: degradative thiolases (EC 220.127.116.11) and biosynthetic thiolases (EC 22.214.171.124). These two different types of thiolase are found both in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes: acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (EC:184.108.40.206) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (EC:126.96.36.199). 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (also called thiolase I) has a broad chain-length specificity for its substrates and is involved in degradative pathways such as fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (also called thiolase II) is specific for the thiolysis of acetoacetyl-CoA and involved in biosynthetic pathways such as beta-hydroxybutyric acid synthesis or steroid biogenesis.
The formation of a carbon–carbon bond is a key step in the biosynthetic pathways by which fatty acids and polyketide are made. The thiolase superfamily enzymes catalyse the carbon–carbon-bond formation via a thioester-dependent Claisen condensation[2] reaction mechanism.[3]
Thiolases are a family of evolutionarily related enzymes. Two different types of thiolase[4][5][6] are found both in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes: acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (EC 126.96.36.199) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (EC 126.96.36.199). 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (also called thiolase I) has a broad chain-length specificity for its substrates and is involved in degradative pathways such as fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (also called thiolase II) is specific for the thiolysis of acetoacetyl-CoA and involved in biosynthetic pathways such as poly beta-hydroxybutyrate synthesis or steroid biogenesis.
In eukaryotes, there are two forms of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase: one located in the mitochondrion and the other in peroxisomes.
There are two conserved cysteine residues important for thiolase activity. The first located in the N-terminal section of the enzymes is involved in the formation of an acyl-enzyme intermediate; the second located at the C-terminal extremity is the active site base involved in deprotonation in the condensation reaction.
|EC number
|Alternate name
|Subcellular distribution
|Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase
|thiolase II;
Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase
|Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
|thiolase I;
3-Ketoacyl-CoA thiolase;
|Propionyl-CoA C2-trimethyltridecanoyltransferase
|3-Oxopristanoyl-CoA thiolase
|3-Oxoadipyl-CoA thiolase
|β-Ketoadipyl-CoA thiolase
|Propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
|Peroxisomal thiolase 2
Mammalian nonspecific lipid-transfer protein (nsL-TP) (also known as sterol carrier protein 2) is a protein which seems to exist in two different forms: a 14 Kd protein (SCP-2) and a larger 58 Kd protein (SCP-x). The former is found in the cytoplasm or the mitochondria and is involved in lipid transport; the latter is found in peroxisomes. The C-terminal part of SCP-x is identical to SCP-2 while the N-terminal portion is evolutionary related to thiolases.[6]
Thioesters are more reactive than oxygen esters and are common intermediates in fatty-acid metabolism.[7] These thioesters are made by conjugating the fatty acid with the free SH group of the pantetheine moiety of either coenzyme A (CoA) or acyl carrier protein (ACP).
All thiolases, whether they are biosynthetic or degradative in vivo, preferentially catalyze the degradation of 3-ketoacyl-CoA to form acetyl-CoA and a shortened acyl-CoA species, but are also capable of catalyzing the reverse Claisen condensation reaction. It is well established from studies on the biosynthetic thiolase from Z. ramigera that the thiolase reaction occurs in two steps and follows ping-pong kinetics.[8] In the first step of both the degradative and biosynthetic reactions, the nucleophilic Cys89 (or its equivalent) attacks the acyl-CoA (or 3-ketoacyl-CoA) substrate,leading to the formation of a covalent acyl-CoA intermediate.[9] In the second step, the addition of CoA (in the degradative reaction) or acetyl-CoA (in the biosynthetic reaction) to the acyl–enzyme intermediate triggers the release of the product from the enzyme.[10] Each of the tetrahedral reaction intermediates that occur during transfer of an acetyl group to and from the nucleophilic cysteine, respectively, have been observed in X-ray crystal structures of biosynthetic thiolase from A. fumigatus.[11]
Most enzymes of the thiolase super family are dimers. However, monomers have not been observed. Tetrameters are observed only in the thiolase subfamily and, in these cases, the dimers have dimerized to become tetramers. The crystal structure of the tetrameric biosynthetic thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera has been determined at 2.0 Å resolution. The structure contains a striking and novel 'cage-like' tetramerization motif, which allows for some hinge motion of the two tight dimers with respect to each other. The enzyme tetramer is acetylated at Cys89 and has a CoA molecule bound in each of its active-site pockets.[12]
Biological function
In eukaryotic cells, especially in mammalian cells, thiolases exhibit diversity in intracellular localization related to their metabolic functions as well as in substrate specificity. For example, they contribute to fatty-acid β-oxidation in peroxisomes and mitochondria, ketone body metabolism in mitochondria,[13] and the early steps of mevalonate pathway in peroxisomes and cytoplasm.[14] In addition to biochemical investigations, analyses of genetic disorders have made clear the basis of their functions.[15] Genetic studies have also started to disclose the physiological functions of thiolases in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[16] Thiolase is of central importance in key enzymatic pathways such as fatty-acid, steroid and polyketide synthesis. The detailed understanding of its structural biology is of great medical relevance, for example, for a better understanding of the diseases caused by genetic deficiencies of these enzymes and for the development of new antibiotics.[17] Harnessing the complicated catalytic versatility of the polyketide synthases for the synthesis of biologically and medically relevant natural products is also an important future perspective of the studies of the enzymes of this superfamily.[18]
Disease relevance
Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency, known earlier as β-ketothiolase deficiency,[19] is an inborn error of metabolism involving isoleucine catabolism and ketone body metabolism. The major clinical manifestations of this disorder are intermittent ketoacidosis but the long-term clinical consequences, apparently benign, are not well documented. Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency is easily diagnosed by urinary organic acid analysis and can be confirmed by enzymatic analysis of cultured skin fibroblasts or blood leukocytes.[20]
β-Ketothiolase Deficiency has a variable presentation. Most affected patients present between 5 and 24 months of age with symptoms of severe ketoacidosis. Symptoms can be initiated by a dietary protein load, infection or fever. Symptoms progress from vomiting to dehydration and ketoacidosis.[21] Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia may be present, as can moderate hyperammonemia. Blood glucose is typically normal, but can be low or high in acute episodes.[22] Developmental delay may occur, even before the first acute episode, and bilateral striatal necrosis of the basal ganglia has been seen on brain MRI.
- ^ Thompson S, Mayerl F, Peoples OP, Masamune S, Sinskey AJ, Walsh CT (July 1989). "Mechanistic studies on beta-ketoacyl thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera: identification of the active-site nucleophile as Cys89, its mutation to Ser89, and kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of wild-type and mutant enzymes". Biochemistry. 28 (14): 5735–42. doi:10.1021/bi00440a006. PMID 2775734.
- ^ Heath RJ, Rock CO (October 2002). "The Claisen condensation in biology". Nat Prod Rep. 19 (5): 581–96. doi:10.1039/b110221b. PMID 12430724.
- ^ Haapalainen AM, Meriläinen G, Wierenga RK (January 2006). "The thiolase superfamily: condensing enzymes with diverse reaction specificities". Trends Biochem. Sci. 31 (1): 64–71. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2005.11.011. PMID 16356722.
- ^ Baker ME, Billheimer JT, Strauss JF (November 1991). "Similarity between the amino-terminal portion of mammalian 58-kD sterol carrier protein (SCPx) and Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA acyltransferase: evidence for a gene fusion in SCPx". DNA Cell Biol. 10 (9): 695–8. doi:10.1089/dna.1991.10.695. PMID 1755959.
- ^ Yang SY, Yang XY, Healy-Louie G, Schulz H, Elzinga M (June 1990). "Nucleotide sequence of the fadA gene. Primary structure of 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase from Escherichia coli and the structural organization of the fadAB operon". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (18): 10424–9. PMID 2191949.
- ^ a b Igual JC, González-Bosch C, Dopazo J, Pérez-OrtÃn JE (August 1992). "Phylogenetic analysis of the thiolase family. Implications for the evolutionary origin of peroxisomes". J. Mol. Evol. 35 (2): 147–55. doi:10.1007/BF00183226. PMID 1354266.
- ^ Enzymatic reaction mechanisms. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. 1979. ISBN 978-0-7167-0070-8.
- ^ Masamune, Satoru; Walsh, Christopher T.; Gamboni, Remo; Thompson, Stuart; Davis, Jeffrey T.; Williams, Simon F.; Peoples, Oliver P.; Sinskey, Anthony J.; Walsh, Christopher T. (1989). "Bio-Claisen condensation catalyzed by thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera. Active site cysteine residues". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 (5): 1879, 1991. doi:10.1021/ja00187a053.
- ^ Gilbert HF, Lennox BJ, Mossman CD, Carle WC (July 1981). "The relation of acyl transfer to the overall reaction of thiolase I from porcine heart". J. Biol. Chem. 256 (14): 7371–7. PMID 6114098.
- ^ Mathieu M, Modis Y, Zeelen JP, et al. (October 1997). "The 1.8 A crystal structure of the dimeric peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: implications for substrate binding and reaction mechanism". J. Mol. Biol. 273 (3): 714–28. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1331. PMID 9402066.
- ^ Marshall, Andrew C.; Bond, Charles S.; Bruning, John B. (January 25, 2018). "Structure of Aspergillus fumigatus Cytosolic Thiolase: Trapped Tetrahedral Reaction Intermediates and Activation by Monovalent Cations". ACS Catalysis. 8 (3): 1973–1989. doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b02873.
- ^ Modis Y, Wierenga RK (October 1999). "A biosynthetic thiolase in complex with a reaction intermediate: the crystal structure provides new insights into the catalytic mechanism". Structure. 7 (10): 1279–90. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(00)80061-1. PMID 10545327.
- ^ Middleton B (April 1973). "The oxoacyl-coenzyme A thiolases of animal tissues". Biochem. J. 132 (4): 717–30. doi:10.1042/bj1320717. PMC 1177647. PMID 4721607.
- ^ Hovik R, Brodal B, Bartlett K, Osmundsen H (June 1991). "Metabolism of acetyl-CoA by isolated peroxisomal fractions: formation of acetate and acetoacetyl-CoA". J. Lipid Res. 32 (6): 993–9. PMID 1682408.
- ^ Middleton B, Bartlett K (March 1983). "The synthesis and characterisation of 2-methylacetoacetyl coenzyme A and its use in the identification of the site of the defect in 2-methylacetoacetic and 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric aciduria". Clin. Chim. Acta. 128 (2–3): 291–305. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(83)90329-7. PMID 6133656.
- ^ Kanayama N, Ueda M, Atomi H, Tanaka A (February 1998). "Genetic evaluation of physiological functions of thiolase isoenzymes in the n-alkalane-assimilating yeast Candida tropicalis". J. Bacteriol. 180 (3): 690–8. PMC 106940. PMID 9457876.
- ^ Price AC, Choi KH, Heath RJ, Li Z, White SW, Rock CO (March 2001). "Inhibition of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases by thiolactomycin and cerulenin. Structure and mechanism". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (9): 6551–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007101200. PMID 11050088.
- ^ Keatinge-Clay AT, Maltby DA, Medzihradszky KF, Khosla C, Stroud RM (September 2004). "An antibiotic factory caught in action". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11 (9): 888–93. doi:10.1038/nsmb808. PMID 15286722.
- ^ Daum RS, Lamm PH, Mamer OA, Scriver CR (December 1971). "A "new" disorder of isoleucine catabolism". Lancet. 2 (7737): 1289–90. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(71)90605-2. PMID 4143539.
- ^ Mitchell GA, Fukao T (2001). "Inborn errors of ketone body metabolism". In Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D (eds.). The metabolic & molecular bases of inherited disease. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 2326–2356. ISBN 978-0-07-913035-8.
- ^ Hillman RE, Keating JP (February 1974). "Beta-ketothiolase deficiency as a cause of the "ketotic hyperglycinemia syndrome"". Pediatrics. 53 (2): 221–5. PMID 4812006.
- ^ Robinson BH, Sherwood WG, Taylor J, Balfe JW, Mamer OA (August 1979). "Acetoacetyl CoA thiolase deficiency: a cause of severe ketoacidosis in infancy simulating salicylism". J. Pediatr. 95 (2): 228–33. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(79)80658-7. PMID 36452.
External links
- Acetyl-CoA+C-Acetyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P28790 (3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase) at the PDBe-KB.
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q56WD9 (3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 2, peroxisomal ) at the PDBe-KB.
This page is based on a Wikipedia article. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
This tab holds the annotation information that is stored in the Pfam database. As we move to using Wikipedia as our main source of annotation, the contents of this tab will be gradually replaced by the Wikipedia tab.
Thiolase, N-terminal domain Provide feedback
Thiolase is reported to be structurally related to beta-ketoacyl synthase (PF00109), and also chalcone synthase.
Literature references
Mathieu M, Modis Y, Zeelen JP, Engel CK, Abagyan RA, Ahlberg A, Rasmussen B, Lamzin VS, Kunau WH, Wierenga RK; , J Mol Biol 1997;273:714-728.: The 1.8 A crystal structure of the dimeric peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: implications for substrate binding and reaction mechanism. PUBMED:9402066 EPMC:9402066
Internal database links
|ACP_syn_III ACP_syn_III_C Chal_sti_synt_N FAE1_CUT1_RppA HMG_CoA_synt_N ketoacyl-synt Peptidase_M22 SpoVAD
|Similarity to PfamA using HHSearch:
External database links
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR020616
Two different types of thiolase [PUBMED:1755959, PUBMED:2191949, PUBMED:1354266] are found both in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes: acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (EC) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (EC). 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (also called thiolase I) has a broad chain-length specificity for its substrates and is involved in degradative pathways such as fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (also called thiolase II) is specific for the thiolysis of acetoacetyl-CoA and involved in biosynthetic pathways such as poly beta-hydroxybutyrate synthesis or steroid biogenesis.
In eukaryotes, there are two forms of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase: one located in the mitochondrion and the other in peroxisomes.
There are two conserved cysteine residues important for thiolase activity. The first located in the N-terminal section of the enzymes is involved in the formation of an acyl-enzyme intermediate; the second located at the C-terminal extremity is the active site base involved in deprotonation in the condensation reaction.
Mammalian nonspecific lipid-transfer protein (nsL-TP) (also known as sterol carrier protein 2) is a protein which seems to exist in two different forms: a 14 Kd protein (SCP-2) and a larger 58 Kd protein (SCP-x). The former is found in the cytoplasm or the mitochondria and is involved in lipid transport; the latter is found in peroxisomes. The C-terminal part of SCP-x is identical to SCP-2 while the N-terminal portion is evolutionary related to thiolases [PUBMED:1755959].
Gene Ontology
The mapping between Pfam and Gene Ontology is provided by InterPro. If you use this data please cite InterPro.
|Molecular function
|transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups (GO:0016747)
|Biological process
|metabolic process (GO:0008152)
Domain organisation
Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...
The graphic that is shown by default represents the longest sequence with a given architecture. Each row contains the following information:
- the number of sequences which exhibit this architecture
a textual description of the architecture, e.g. Gla, EGF x 2, Trypsin.
This example describes an architecture with one
Gladomain, followed by two consecutive
EGFdomains, and finally a single
- a link to the page in the Pfam site showing information about the sequence that the graphic describes
- the UniProt description of the protein sequence
- the number of residues in the sequence
- the Pfam graphic itself.
Note that you can see the family page for a particular domain by clicking on the graphic. You can also choose to see all sequences which have a given architecture by clicking on the Show link in each row.
Finally, because some families can be found in a very large number of architectures, we load only the first fifty architectures by default. If you want to see more architectures, click the button at the bottom of the page to load the next set.
Loading domain graphics...
Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan Thiolase (CL0046), which has the following description:
Thiolases are ubiquitous and form a large superfamily. Thiolases can function either degradatively, in the beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids, or biosynthetically. Biosynthetic thiolases catalyse the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA . This is one of the fundamental categories of carbon skeletal assembly patterns in biological systems and is the first step in a wide range of biosynthetic pathways [1]. Thiolase are usually dimeric or tetrameric enzymes. Within each monomer there are two similar domains related by pseudo dyad. The N-terminal of these two domains contains a large insertion of about 100 amino acids.
The clan contains the following 16 members:ACP_syn_III ACP_syn_III_C Chal_sti_synt_C Chal_sti_synt_N Docking FAE1_CUT1_RppA HMG_CoA_synt_C HMG_CoA_synt_N KAsynt_C_assoc ketoacyl-synt Ketoacyl-synt_2 Ketoacyl-synt_C PikAIV_N SpoVAD Thiolase_C Thiolase_N
We store a range of different sequence alignments for families. As well as the seed alignment from which the family is built, we provide the full alignment, generated by searching the sequence database (reference proteomes) using the family HMM. We also generate alignments using four representative proteomes (RP) sets, the UniProtKB sequence database, the NCBI sequence database, and our metagenomics sequence database. More...
There are various ways to view or download the sequence alignments that we store. We provide several sequence viewers and a plain-text Stockholm-format file for download.
Alignment types
We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family:
- seed
- the curated alignment from which the HMM for the family is built
- full
- the alignment generated by searching the sequence database using the HMM
- Representative Proteomes (RPs) at 15%, 35%, 55% and 75% co-membership thresholds
- UniProt
- alignment generated by searching the UniProtKB sequence database using the family HMM
- alignment generated by searching the NCBI sequence database using the family HMM
- meta
- alignment generated by searching the metagenomics sequence database using the family HMM
You can see the alignments as HTML or in three different sequence viewers:
- jalview
- a Java applet developed at the University of Dundee. You will need Java installed before running jalview
- an HTML page showing the whole alignment.Please note: full Pfam alignments can be very large. These HTML views are extremely large and often cause problems for browsers. Please use either jalview or the Pfam viewer if you have trouble viewing the HTML version
- PP/Heatmap
- an HTML-based representation of the alignment, coloured according to the posterior-probability (PP) values from the HMM. As for the standard HTML view, heatmap alignments can also be very large and slow to render.
You can download (or view in your browser) a text representation of a Pfam alignment in various formats:
- Selex
- Stockholm
You can also change the order in which sequences are listed in the alignment, change how insertions are represented, alter the characters that are used to represent gaps in sequences and, finally, choose whether to download the alignment or to view it in your browser directly.
You may find that large alignments cause problems for the viewers and the reformatting tool, so we also provide all alignments in Stockholm format. You can download either the plain text alignment, or a gzipped version of it.
View options
We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family. You can see a description of each above. You can view these alignments in various ways but please note that some types of alignment are never generated while others may not be available for all families, most commonly because the alignments are too large to handle.
|Representative proteomes
1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
Key: available, not generated, — not available.
Format an alignment
Download options
We make all of our alignments available in Stockholm format. You can download them here as raw, plain text files or as gzip-compressed files.
|Representative proteomes
|Raw Stockholm
You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
HMM logo
HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...
If you find these logos useful in your own work, please consider citing the following article:
This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family's seed alignment. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed alignment.
Note: You can also download the data file for the tree.
Curation and family details
This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.
|Seed source:
|Previous IDs:
|Sequence Ontology:
|Sonnhammer ELL , Griffiths-Jones SR
|Number in seed:
|Number in full:
|Average length of the domain:
|244.80 aa
|Average identity of full alignment:
|30 %
|Average coverage of the sequence by the domain:
|61.75 %
HMM information
|HMM build commands:
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 45638612 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
|Model details:
|Model length:
|Family (HMM) version:
|download the raw HMM for this family
Species distribution
Sunburst controlsHide
Weight segments by...
Change the size of the sunburst
Colour assignments
|Other sequences
|Unclassified sequence
Align selected sequences to HMM
Generate a FASTA-format file
Clear selection
Currently selected:
- 0 sequences
- 0 species
This visualisation provides a simple graphical representation of the distribution of this family across species. You can find the original interactive tree in the adjacent tab. More...
This chart is a modified "sunburst" visualisation of the species tree for this family. It shows each node in the tree as a separate arc, arranged radially with the superkingdoms at the centre and the species arrayed around the outermost ring.
How the sunburst is generated
The tree is built by considering the taxonomic lineage of each sequence that has a match to this family. For each node in the resulting tree, we draw an arc in the sunburst. The radius of the arc, its distance from the root node at the centre of the sunburst, shows the taxonomic level ("superkingdom", "kingdom", etc). The length of the arc represents either the number of sequences represented at a given level, or the number of species that are found beneath the node in the tree. The weighting scheme can be changed using the sunburst controls.
In order to reduce the complexity of the representation, we reduce the number of taxonomic levels that we show. We consider only the following eight major taxonomic levels:
- superkingdom
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
Colouring and labels
Segments of the tree are coloured approximately according to their superkingdom. For example, archeal branches are coloured with shades of orange, eukaryotes in shades of purple, etc. The colour assignments are shown under the sunburst controls. Where space allows, the name of the taxonomic level will be written on the arc itself.
As you move your mouse across the sunburst, the current node will be highlighted. In the top section of the controls panel we show a summary of the lineage of the currently highlighed node. If you pause over an arc, a tooltip will be shown, giving the name of the taxonomic level in the title and a summary of the number of sequences and species below that node in the tree.
Anomalies in the taxonomy tree
There are some situations that the sunburst tree cannot easily handle and for which we have work-arounds in place.
Missing taxonomic levels
Some species in the taxonomic tree may not have one or more of the main eight levels that we display. For example, Bos taurus is not assigned an order in the NCBI taxonomic tree. In such cases we mark the omitted level with, for example, "No order", in both the tooltip and the lineage summary.
Unmapped species names
The tree is built by looking at each sequence in the full alignment for the family. We take the name of the species given by UniProt and try to map that to the full taxonomic tree from NCBI. In some cases, the name chosen by UniProt does not map to any node in the NCBI tree, perhaps because the chosen name is listed as a synonym or a misspelling in the NCBI taxonomy.
So that these nodes are not simply omitted from the sunburst tree, we group them together in a separate branch (or segment of the sunburst tree). Since we cannot determine the lineage for these unmapped species, we show all levels between the superkingdom and the species as "uncategorised".
Since we reduce the species tree to only the eight main taxonomic levels, sequences that are mapped to the sub-species level in the tree would not normally be shown. Rather than leave out these species, we map them instead to their parent species. So, for example, for sequences belonging to one of the Vibrio cholerae sub-species in the NCBI taxonomy, we show them instead as belonging to the species Vibrio cholerae.
Too many species/sequences
For large species trees, you may see blank regions in the outer layers of the sunburst. These occur when there are large numbers of arcs to be drawn in a small space. If an arc is less than approximately one pixel wide, it will not be drawn and the space will be left blank. You may still be able to get some information about the species in that region by moving your mouse across the area, but since each arc will be very small, it will be difficult to accurately locate a particular species.
Tree controlsHide
Download tree
- Save a text representation
Selected sequences
- (Uncheck all)
- graphically
- as an alignment
- sequence accessions
- sequences in FASTA format
The tree shows the occurrence of this domain across different species. More...
Species trees
We show the species tree in one of two ways. For smaller trees we try to show an interactive representation, which allows you to select specific nodes in the tree and view them as an alignment or as a set of Pfam domain graphics.
Unfortunately we have found that there are problems viewing the interactive tree when the it becomes larger than a certain limit. Furthermore, we have found that Internet Explorer can become unresponsive when viewing some trees, regardless of their size. We therefore show a text representation of the species tree when the size is above a certain limit or if you are using Internet Explorer to view the site.
If you are using IE you can still load the interactive tree by clicking the "Generate interactive tree" button, but please be aware of the potential problems that the interactive species tree can cause.
Interactive tree
For all of the domain matches in a full alignment, we count the number that are found on all sequences in the alignment. This total is shown in the purple box.
We also count the number of unique sequences on which each domain is found, which is shown in green. Note that a domain may appear multiple times on the same sequence, leading to the difference between these two numbers.
Finally, we group sequences from the same organism according to the NCBI code that is assigned by UniProt, allowing us to count the number of distinct sequences on which the domain is found. This value is shown in the pink boxes.
We use the NCBI species tree to group organisms according to their taxonomy and this forms the structure of the displayed tree. Note that in some cases the trees are too large (have too many nodes) to allow us to build an interactive tree, but in most cases you can still view the tree in a plain text, non-interactive representation. Those species which are represented in the seed alignment for this domain are highlighted.
You can use the tree controls to manipulate how the interactive tree is displayed:
- show/hide the summary boxes
- highlight species that are represented in the seed alignment
- expand/collapse the tree or expand it to a given depth
- select a sub-tree or a set of species within the tree and view them graphically or as an alignment
- save a plain text representation of the tree
Please note: for large trees this can take some time. While the tree is loading, you can safely switch away from this tab but if you browse away from the family page entirely, the tree will not be loaded.
There are 6 interactions for this family. More...
We determine these interactions using iPfam, which considers the interactions between residues in three-dimensional protein structures and maps those interactions back to Pfam families. You can find more information about the iPfam algorithm in the journal article that accompanies the website.
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the Thiolase_N domain has been found. There are 332 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein sequence.
Loading structure mapping...