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Difference between revisions of "Pokémon Platinum Version"
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**In the [[Turnback Cave]], however, the item in the last room by the portal still has this mistake.
**In the [[Turnback Cave]], however, the item in the last room by the portal still has this mistake.
*On occasions in [[Pastoria City]], if the player stands behind the Croagunk Wall with the player's head sticking out of it, a wild Croagunk will come, but it will just cry and walk into the Great Marsh building.
*On occasions in [[Pastoria City]], if the player stands behind the Croagunk Wall with the player's head sticking out of it, a wild Croagunk will come, but it will just cry and walk into the Great Marsh building.
*All of the Pokémon in the Sinnoh Pokédex as well as a few
*All of the Pokémon in the Sinnoh Pokédex as well as a few got new sprite designs, as is customary for third versions. However, the {{2v2|Diamond|Pearl}} sprites are still used when the player dresses up the Pokémon either in [[Super Contest]]s or in the [[Jubilife TV]] station. Over half of the 493 Pokémon had either minor or major tweaks in their backsprites.
*In the Help Booklet included with the game, they say that there are 493 Pokémon to be discovered. However, this game was released before {{p|Arceus}},
*In the Help Booklet included with the game, they say that there are 493 Pokémon to be discovered. However, this game was released before {{p|Arceus}}, , was officially revealed.
* This is the first game where the player can battle an [[Non-player character|NPC]] in a Pokémon Center.
* This is the first game where the player can battle an [[Non-player character|NPC]] in a Pokémon Center.
* With a total of eighteen legendary Pokemon, Pokémon Platinum has the most legendary Pokemon out of any [[version|main series]] game.
* With a total of eighteen legendary Pokemon, Pokémon Platinum has the most legendary Pokemon out of any [[version|main series]] game.
Revision as of 15:36, 14 February 2010
- This article is about the main series game. For the Pokémon Adventures character, see Platinum. For the Trading Card Game expansion, see Platinum (TCG).
|This article is a featured article candidate. There may be ongoing discussion on the talk page.
Pokémon Platinum Version (Japanese: ポケットモンスター プラチナ Pocket Monsters Platinum) is the third game to Pokémon Diamond and Pearl, and is the third Generation IV main series game. The game was first seen on May 11, 2008 when a low-resolution cell-phone picture of an upcoming issue of CoroCoro magazine was leaked around the Internet. On May 15, the magazine was officially released and the game was also officially confirmed by Nintendo. The game was released in Japan on September 13, 2008, in North America on March 22, 2009, in Australia on May 14, 2009, in Europe on May 22, 2009 and in Korea on July 2, 2009.
Like previous third versions, the region and starting area remain the same as in previously released paired versions; in Platinum, the player begins his or her journey from Twinleaf Town across all of Sinnoh.
Changes from Pokémon Diamond and Pearl
Aesthetic changes
- Lucas, Dawn, and Barry have different outfits designed for colder weather, as the entire Sinnoh region has changed in temperature.
- The template for the level, HP, and name of Pokémon in battle is a dark gray instead of white, and its shape has changed.
- The Pokétch has been redesigned. Players can now move up and down between apps instead of having to go through all of them to return to a previous one.
- Some of the moves have been redesigned and have a different animation, such as Razor Leaf and Spacial Rend.
- When Pokémon are sent out from their Poké Balls, their back sprites now animate much like their front sprites have since Emerald (i.e., multiple frames of animation in addition to the various distortions and filters already used). Front sprites for Generation IV Pokémon and other Pokémon in the Sinnoh Pokédex have also changed. Certain Pokémon not in the Sinnoh Pokédex, like Meowth, also received a change in sprites.
- When battling certain Trainers such as Gym Leaders, Frontier Brains and Barry, the Trainers' sprites are now animated to move in the same manner as Pokémon.
- Some trainers now use seals when sending out some of their Pokémon.
- The Template:Gym, Template:Gym, and Veilstone Gyms have all had complete redesigns in the interior.
- Closeups of Gym Leaders, just before a battle, have been changed from enlarged sprites to higher-quality drawings and the terms VS; the Frontier Brains also have this feature. The Elite Four have this as well, but the animation includes the player on the left side of the "VS." and the Elite Four member on the right side.
- The rooms where the player battle the Elite Four have been redesigned. Aaron now has logs and foliage in his room. Bertha now has rocks in her room. Flint now contains lava pits in his room. Lucian's room has only had minor changes to now include four large lights or glowing orbs on the floor. Cynthia's room has changed its color scheme and the lift leading up to the Hall of Fame is now partially contained. The Pokémon Center at the Elite Four has also been redesigned.
- When entering new areas, the location "labels" on the top-left corner have been redesigned, much like they were between Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire and Pokémon Emerald.
- All gyms now only have Pokémon of their type specialty.
- Pikachu and Pachirisu are now featured when entering Wi-Fi.
- The Pal Pad has been given a new design.
- The game director at Hotel Grand Lake now has an overhead sprite of his own. The Diploma also was redesigned.
- When the player starts the battle with the Giratina in the Distortion World, instead of displaying "A wild GIRATINA appeared!", it displays "The Distortion World's GIRATINA appeared!".
- Legendary Pokémon (e.g. Uxie) will reappear where they are usually found after a week if they have fainted in battle. However, they will not appear again if they have been caught.
- The trees on the mainland have sharper angles and a point at the top, compared to rounded branches and a rounded top in Diamond and Pearl.
- The battle menu was redesigned.
Storyline changes
- The player meets Professor Rowan and the opposite gender character earlier, and obtains his or her starter Pokémon on Route 201.
- The first battle is against the player's rival, who, as always, has chosen the starter Pokémon that weakens that of the player.
- The player and the rival now encounter Cyrus at Lake Verity at the start of the game. The player can also meet Cyrus at different venues such as the Eterna City statue.
- Both Dialga and Palkia appear on Spear Pillar. Giratina, the mascot of Platinum, then phases into the world in front of Cyrus.
- A new area known as the Distortion World (Japanese: やぶれたせかい Torn World) is playable. It has floor-like sections floating at ninety-degree angles from each other, creating an effect similar to the art of M. C. Escher. It doesn't follow the Laws of Physics, making things like surfing down a waterfall going up possible. The camera angle switches between perspective and isometric views to suit the angle of the player. It also has moving platforms with jumpable gaps between them. Giratina, when here, will be in its Origin Forme and is also the only wild Pokémon located here.
- Two new characters to the main storyline were added. One is Charon, a professor and commander of Team Galactic, and the other is a police officer spying on Team Galactic, using the codename "Looker".
- A tag battle between the player and his or her rival against Flint and Volkner takes place at the entrance to the Battle Frontier when the player first arrives there.
- Team Galactic's plans to re-create the world have changed slightly. The layouts of their HQs, such as the one in Eterna, have been changed. Team Galactic now utilizes more resources in order to reach their goal, as well as explaining why, in-game, such as the power from the Valley Windworks, as well as planting a bomb on the Great Marsh for attention in order to allow more people to realize what they're trying to do.
- Some of the Gym Leaders have been reordered: Fantina is now the third Gym Leader, Maylene is the fourth and Crasher Wake is the fifth. The appearance of players' gym badge case stays the same though.
- Dawn/Lucas no longer gives the player the Dowsing Machine or the Vs Seeker near the Route 206 junction; instead he/she meets the player at the entrance to Mt. Coronet.
- Team Galactic appears in Stark Mountain under the command of Charon, who seeks to use the destructive power of the volcano to extort money from the people of Sinnoh. The player, with help from Buck, must defeat them. During this event, Mars and Jupiter quit Team Galactic because Charon does not share the same ideals as ex-boss Cyrus. Ultimately, Charon and his two accompanying grunts are apprehended by Looker and two policemen.
- After the aforementioned event, the player is able to challenge all the Gym Leaders of Sinnoh to rematches in the Battleground. The player's tag battle partners from throughout the game (Cheryl, Buck, Marley, Mira, and Riley) are also able to be challenged in this place. Each of the 13 characters has a team of five Pokémon, whose levels are between 61 and 66.
- The Elite Four increase their Pokémon's levels after the player has completed the Stark Mountain event. Their levels are now between 65 and 78.
- When one finishes the Stark Mountain quest, instead of the rival appearing at the Fight Area on weekends, he now appears at the Survival Area in front of the Battleground. During the first battle, the levels of the Pokémon in his party range from 59-65, second battle 69-75, and third and beyond 79-85. On his last battle, he was the trainer with the highest-leveled Pokémon in all main series games, until Red's team in Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver.
- When first visiting the Resort Area, the player receives a villa. Inside on a table is a catalog that lists items that can be purchased to furnish the house in the same manner as decorating a secret base. The player will be visited by NPCs such as the Sinnoh Gym Leaders, the player's mom, Professor Rowan, and the rival.
Gameplay changes
- Giratina's cry will be heard when "Start" or "A" are pressed at the title screen, unlike in Pokémon Diamond and Pearl which just play a snippet of the title theme's melody. It shares this trait with some games from previous generations.
- The Wi-Fi area has been enhanced with the Wi-Fi Plaza, which supports up to 20 people at a time. The new area seems to focus exclusively on mini-games, which include Wobbuffet Pop, where players hit a Wobbuffet, Mime Jr. Top, where players can balance Mime Jr. on a ball and Swalot Plop where players throw berries at a Swalot machine.
- There is a new key item called the Vs. Recorder (given by Looker when the player first meets him in Jubilife City), which allows players to record battles in Battle Frontier and Wi-Fi, and share the records with other players over the GTS. Players can also take pictures of their PC boxes and share them with other players in a similar fashion.
- The GTS has incorporated an e-mail system that allows players to be notified of completed trades. Notification messages are sent to the player's e-mail account, which can be viewed through the player's PC, mobile phone, or Wii system.
- In non-Japanese versions, however, the system was downgraded to Wii messaging only. Thus, in these versions, notification messages are sent and must be viewed through the Wii's Message Board.
- The Sinnoh starters and their evolutions are now allowed in an expanded Amity Square, making a total of 20 Pokémon allowed in the Square.
- Over local wireless, there is a new feature called Spin Trade where the player and their friends can put their Pokémon eggs in and randomly swap. Trainers that obtain eggs that land on the Bonus Area, the spotted ones, get a berry too.
- HM05 (Defog) is now located inside the Solaceon Ruins instead of the Pastoria Great Marsh.
- The player now receives HM04 (Strength) from Riley on Iron Island instead of in the Lost Tower.
- The player can now challenge other trainers in certain Pokémon Centers. The trainer(s) are located in front of the desk. These trainers change location every day.
- In addition to the move tutors in Diamond and Pearl, three new move tutors are added, in Snowpoint City, on Route 212 and in the Survival Area.
- The Accuracy of Hypnosis was changed back to 60.
- The game's speed with some features is faster compared to Diamond and Pearl, particularly while surfing and during battles. These improvements make the game almost as fast as the Generation III games, though the player still walks slower than the Generation III standard, and the FPS of Platinum is only 30.
- Poffins can be made with others via Wi-Fi.
- A man in the Veilstone Game Corner's Prize Exchange House can tell the player the type of Hidden Power their Pokémon has, and a man in the Battle Tower is able to judge the Individual values of the player Pokémon.
- The price of the accessories at Pick a Peck of Colors Flower Shop on Floaroma Town has been reduced.
- European versions of the game are no longer able to play slot machines. These versions of the game replace slot machines with game machines, a machine that simply gives coins to the player with little interactivity. The reason this was done is due to recent implementation of stricter legislation against gambling in the European Union. This issue will cause similar changes in future European versions of Pokémon games as well.
- As in Generations II and III, it is possible to ride a bicycle in gatehouses separating cities or towns and routes, something that was made impossible in Diamond and Pearl.
- When the player uses his or her radar while in the Underground, it takes two seconds before another radar signal to be used. In Diamond and Pearl, it only took one second.
- To be able to catch Dialga and Palkia, the player must have obtained the Adamant Orb and the Lustrous Orb in a cave accessed through the snowfields of Mt. Coronet and must have faced Giratina, whether it was caught or not. Then the player can go up Mt. Coronet to where Giratina took the player and Cyrus in to the Distortion World.
- The Lustrous and Adamant Orbs are no longer found at the back of where they are faced in Diamond and Pearl, instead it must be found in a cave somewhere in the snow fields of Mt. Coronet.
Obtainable Pokémon
- 59 more Pokémon have been added to the Sinnoh Pokédex to give it a grand total of 210 entries, with all non-legendary Pokémon introduced in Generation IV now included, along with their pre-evolved forms and several other Pokémon. The added Pokémon, such as Rotom and Giratina, are now available prior to the Elite Four challenge.
- Giratina can appear both as Altered Forme and Origin Forme in Platinum. It will appear in Origin Forme while in the Distortion World, and in Altered Forme while out of it. A Griseous Orb is required to transform it to its Origin Forme outside of the Distortion World.
- The ability of Origin Forme is Levitate and its base stats mirror those of Altered Forme in that the offensive stats have been switched with their respective defensive stats.
- Shaymin's new Forme is called Sky Forme and takes on a canine appearance. Its ability is Serene Grace and the forme is focused on Speed and Special Attack. It is able to learn new moves like Quick Attack, Air Slash and Leaf Storm.
- Rotom has new forms as well. Each of the five forms is a Rotom that has possessed an electrical appliance. Despite having visual characteristics of other types, the five forms share the original Rotom's Electric and Ghost types, whereas their base stats are far higher. They also share the original Rotom's ability: Levitate. These Pokémon are not normally available and are therefore banned from official tournaments. The item to unlock these Pokémon in the game, the Secret Key, is an event-only item.
- Regirock, Regice and Registeel can be caught at level 30 with the help of an event Regigigas that has been distributed in Nintendo events.
- Regigigas is now found at level 1, making it the lowest-level non-glitch wild Pokémon in a game, along with Magikarp. It's also the lowest-level non-glitch legendary in a game.
- The legendary birds can be found as roaming Pokémon after the National Pokédex is obtained. They roam Sinnoh much like Mesprit and Cresselia do. The player has to talk to Professor Oak in Eterna City to trigger their appearance. They are all at level 60.
- Dialga and Palkia appear on Spear Pillar one at a time after the player has spoken with Cynthia's grandmother in Celestic Town, and obtained the Adamant and Lustrous Orbs in Mt. Coronet.
- Cynthia now gives the player a Pokémon egg containing Togepi after the player has defeated Team Galactic at the Galactic Eterna Building, replacing the Happiny Egg previously obtainable in Hearthome City.
- Bebe now gives the player an Eevee before the player receives the National Pokédex; Eevee can now be obtained from the first time the player arrives in Hearthome City. It is at level 20.
- A man in Veilstone City gives the player a level 25 Porygon as a gift.
- Manaphy, while still uncatchable in-game, is now required to obtain the National Pokédex. It can be added to the Sinnoh Pokédex from finding its picture in a book in the Pokémon Mansion.
Map changes
- Much like the third version of the last generation, a new Battle Frontier takes the place of the Battle Park. It has the Battle Tower, Battle Factory, Battle Castle, Battle Arcade and Battle Hall as venues.
- Twinleaf Town and nearby routes now have snow patches.
- Jubilife City has been refurbished with new pathways and some buildings have animated roof lights.
- The Global Trade Station in Jubilife City has been redesigned and now includes a bigger global terminal. It has been renamed as the Global Terminal.
- Oreburgh Mine now has twin coal transporters starting from the entrance and ending at the entrance to the last section of the mine and are now moving.
- An arch now represents the entrances to Floaroma Town.
- The trees in Eterna Forest, as well as Fullmoon Island and Newmoon Island, cast shadows that cover the ground.
- Eterna City has been refurbished with new foliage and pathways. Also the Galactic Eterna Building has had a complete redesign, inside and out. It now contains a secret room where Rotom can switch between its forms.
- Cycling Road has been redesigned and now has tunnel-like shelters in the middle of the Cycle Route, as well as lights along the sides of it.
- Hearthome City has been refurbished with new pathways.
- Amity Square has been completely remodeled. It now includes a small pond, more paths and more upper levels. The old buildings that previously inhabited Amity Square now contain Warp Panels which transport the player to the other old buildings within Amity Square.
- Lost Tower has had its color scheme changed and now has fog on three of its five floors, which can be cleared by HM05 (Defog).
- Solaceon Town's houses have been remodeled and the Pokémon Daycare now has a trough filled with water and tent-like shelters.
- Veilstone City has been refurbished with new pathways. The Galactic Veilstone Building has been redesigned, inside and out. The Veilstone Department Store now has a basement, in which contest items can be sold and bought. Berries and Lava Cookies can be bought as well.
- The Hotel Grand Lake has been refurbished with new pathways.
- Pastoria City's houses have been remodeled and now also includes a board with a Croagunk on it which is located in front of the Great Marsh.
- The Great Marsh has had its color scheme changed and has also had foliage changed and added.
- Celestic Town's houses have been remodeled.
- Canalave City has been refurbished with new pathways and its houses and library have also been remodeled.
- The player now needs to use HM08 (Rock Climb) to reach Lake Acuity.
- The area of water to the south of Snowpoint City where the player can get a boat to the Battle Zone now contains a small amount of icebergs. These can also be seen in the ocean when the boat is crossing to the Battle Zone. The boat has also been redesigned, most likely due to the icebergs in the sea.
- The back area of Spear Pillar has been slightly redesigned to allow more room for the Dragon Trio when they appear.
- Sunyshore City has been refurbished with new pathways and its houses have been remodeled.
- The entrance and exit of Victory Road have become wider, having a Poké Ball at the center of the arch.
- The Battle Zone is now warmer, and palm trees can be found there.
- Stark Mountain now has more features evocative of a volcano, such as crags and pits of lava.
- The Pokémon Mansion is surrounded by golden railings.
Missing Pokémon
These Pokémon are unavailable in Platinum. To be obtained they must be traded from the other games of Generation IV or imported from a game from Generation III.
Upon its release, Pokémon Platinum received very good review scores from critics. IGN gave the game a "Great" score with an 8.8 out of 10 stating that, "Yes, It's still good. Even two years later".[1] It currently holds an 83% rating on Gamerankings.com, while being reviewed by a total of 34 sources.[2]
Famitsū, a Japanese video game magazine, noted that Platinum was the fastest selling game released for the Nintendo DS. It also had the tenth highest selling figures of any game for 2009, and was the only game for the DS to place in the top ten.[3]
The game can connect automatically to Pokémon Diamond and Pearl and Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver once players have access to a Pokémon Center. It can also connect to Pokémon Ranger: Shadow of Almia and obtain Pokémon received from Ranger Net Special Missions. It retains the same compatibility with Generation III games and Pokémon Battle Revolution as its predecessors, but My Pokémon Ranch requires an update to work with Platinum that is only available in Japan. Pokémon Battle Revolution also wasn't programmed to be compatible with Platinum, so new formes will not appear.
In other languages
See also
See Also
External links


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
The breast cancer treatment brachytherapy - heralded for its low complication rates - actually results in more complications than whole-breast radiation one year after treatment, Yale School of Medicine researchers report in the October issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
The standard treatment for older women with early stage breast cancer includes breast-conserving surgery, typically followed by radiation therapy to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Rather than irradiating larger areas of the breast, as in whole breast irradiation, brachytherapy temporarily implants radiation sources in catheters within the surgical site. This technique delivers larger and fewer radiation doses directly to the breast tissue, which results in a shortened treatment time and, proponents of the therapy believe, decreased toxicity to surrounding healthy tissue.
"This treatment method seems ideal in theory, but we found it concerning that such an important clinical decision that affects so many women was being made on the basis of theory, rather than scientific evidence," said the study's lead author Cary P. Gross, M.D., associate professor of internal medicine at Yale School of Medicine. "Despite the absence of large randomized controlled trials comparing these two treatments, brachytherapy has become increasingly popular, in part because of a theoretically lower rate of complications."
To test the theory, Gross' team studied a national sample of approximately 30,000 women with Medicare coverage and found that 15.8% of women undergoing radiation therapy received brachytherapy in 2008-2009, up from less than 1% in 2000 and 10% in 2006. There was substantial variation in brachytherapy use across the country, ranging from less than 5% of patients in some areas to over 70% in others.
The team found that the use of brachytherapy was associated with a 16.9% higher rate of wound and skin complications in the year after treatment compared to whole breast irradiation. There was no significant difference in the rate of deep tissue or bone complications between the two treatments.
"This study highlights the importance of conducting comparative effectiveness research before a new treatment becomes widespread," said Gross, who is co-director of the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program at Yale. "Medicare is spending significantly more money to cover this treatment, which potentially exposes women to a higher risk of complications than the 'tried and true' whole breast irradiation."
Brachytherapy Leads To More Complications In Older Breast Cancer Patients
The breast cancer treatment brachytherapy - heralded for its low complication rates - actually results in more complications than whole-breast radiation one year after treatment, Yale School of Medicine researchers report in the October issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.


text:
This week, Matt Holmes joins Aaron to talk about his start and history in performing comedy, the rise of improv in Philadelphia over the past ten years, and Matt's approach to improv from his point of view as both a performer and director. You can listen to this week's episode below, or subscribe on iTunes.
Matt will be teaching a workshop at Philly Improv Theater this Saturday from 2:30 – 5:30PM. He will also be performing with a stranger in his show Matt& onstage at PHIT Saturday at 7:00PM.


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Belmont boom: First of three cafes opens
This could be the year for downtown Belmont. With three new businesses planning to open this summer, it looks like the café-restaurant scene is finally catching up to the residential boom.
Belmont's lucrative appeal didn't escape the attention of Jeff and Melissa Easter, who purchased the neighborhood's choicest building– the old Pepsi bottling plant on Monticello Road– last year and have since undertaken a complete renovation. The eye-catching building with its multi-colored facade already houses Jeff Easter Remodeling, as well as his cabinet shop and several art and architecture studios.
Slated to open on Thursday, June 16 in one of the building's key corner spaces is Melissa's much-anticipated creation, La Taza Coffeehouse. When I stopped in last Friday afternoon, the place was so abuzz with activity and excitement that it seemed open already.
Smiling young employees were busy arranging wooden tables and Costa-Rican leather and mahogany rocking chairs on the front patio. Inside the exquisitely decorated café seven or eight baristas studied the art of perfect coffee-making from trainer Chris Moriarty (of The Grounds). Every few minutes, someone new would wander in to check the place out, have a cup of coffee, and admire the décor.
Designed by Melissa and built by Jeff and his team, La Taza's luminous, cheerful interior infuses Belmont with a breath of fresh Latin air. High-ceilings, generous windows, and colorful painted walls (dark salmon, nacho cheese yellow, tangerine) and floors combine with natural accents. For instance, a waterfall cascades behind the front counter, supporting columns are actually poplar trees, while other trees function as signs and table tops - to create the feel of a Costa Rican or Peruvian café.
Cuba and Key-West are other geographic muses. Musician Jose Lorenzo's colorful paintings bring the landscape of his native Cuba to La Taza's main seating area.
In addition to Melissa's handy husband (he was adjusting wobbly tables during my visit), Melissa found Chris Moriarty through her roaster, Shenandoah Joe. Moriarty, who is in the process of selling The Grounds Café in the Seminole Trail shopping center, will be training Melissa's staff in coffee-making and customer service for the first two months of operation.
Also part of La Taza's team is chef Alex Montiel, owner of La Cocina del Sol in Crozet as well as his own catering business. Montiel worked with Melissa on La Taza's Latin-flavored breakfast, lunch, and light dinner menu. Breakfast burritos and sandwiches include "Santiago de Cuba" (two eggs with Cuban rice, black beans, fresh tomatoes, and queso cotija wrapped in a flour tortilla with habanero sauce) and "Granma" (egg, sausage, fresh mozzarella with basil spread on Cuban bread).
La Taza's summer menu stars soups like a chilled watermelon gazpacho and a classic tortilla soup, salads like "La Tropical" (cucumber and mango with a coconut dill vinaigrette) and several sandwiches and wraps. If you're feeling creative– and you likely will– you can also create your own sandwich picking from a selection of breads, meats, cheeses and spreads.
As for the beverages, La Taza will have a serious coffee selection as well as fresh fruit smoothies, wine, and beer.
Located at 407 Monticello Road, wi-fi friendly La Taza will be open 7am-9pm Sunday to Wednesday and 7am-11pm Thursday to Saturday.
Later this summer, La Taza will likely be joined by Sax, a new restaurant and jazz club, which will occupy the space at the opposite end of the Easter building. Check out Dish next week for more on Sax and Belmont's third new business, Creature– wildlife photographer Hal Brindley's organic restaurant and gallery.
La Taza opens Thursday, June 16 near Mas in Belmont.


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Hot flashes can cause a variety of uncomfortable symptoms in early menopause . It can cause a feeling of warmth that spreads through upper body and face, flushing of face and neck, sweating, and rapid heart rate. Most women have mild to moderate symptoms that can be managed through lifestyle changes. Some women may have more severe symptoms that interfere with their daily activities. Hormone replacements therapy (HRT) with estrogen is an effective treatment. However, recent concerns about the safety of HRT have lead to efforts to find alternative therapies. Some studies have shown that antidepressant medication may provide some relief.
Researchers from the Eastern Virginia Medical School reviewed the benefits and risks of an antidepressant drug called desvenlafaxine . The study found that the drug may be effective in relieving hot flash symptoms.
About the Study
The study was a randomized trial , comparing the effects of desvenlafaxine to a placebo . The study followed 567 healthy postmenopausal women who had reported at least 50 moderate to severe hot flashes weekly. The women were randomly divided into one of three groups:
- Placebo
- Desvenlafaxine 100 mg
- Desvenlafaxine 150 mg
Each week the women were asked to record the number and severity of the hot flashes. After 12 weeks, compared to their records at the beginning of the study, the women reported:
- 4.9 fewer hot flashes per week in the placebo group
- 6.3 fewer flashes per week in the desvenlafaxone 100 mg group
- 7.0 fewer flashes per week in the desvenlafaxone 150 mg group
During the first week there was a higher drop-out rate for women in the desvenlafaxine groups than the placebo groups. This was probably linked to the negative side effects of the drug, including loss of appetite, constipation , diarrhea , dry mouth, nausea, insomnia , and dizziness.
How Does This Affect You?
This study was a follow-up to a previous clinical trial. The earlier study published in the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology , also found this drug to be effective in treatment of hot flashes. These new results seem to confirm the benefits of desvenlafaxine to relieve hot flashes.
Mild to moderate hot flashes can usually be managed through lifestyle changes . However, if they are significantly interfering with your personal and professional lives, talk to your doctor about treatment options. Although desvenlafaxine and similar medications are not without their side effects, at this point, it appears they are likely to be safer than HRT over the long term. Hot flashes last about 1-2 years without treatment.
- Reviewer: Richard Glickman-Simon, MD
- Review Date: 04/2009 -


text:
Correction Appended
Wal-Mart Stores, the nation's largest retailer, has agreed to pay $135,540 to settle federal charges that it violated child labor laws in Connecticut, New Hampshire and Arkansas.
Labor Department officials said most of the 24 violations covered by the settlement involved workers under age 18 operating dangerous machinery, including cardboard balers and chain saws. In the agreement, Wal-Mart denied any wrongdoing.
Department officials said that one of the violations was in New Hampshire, three were in Arkansas, and 20 were in Connecticut, where the investigation began in 2001. Investigators said the stores in Connecticut with violations were in Hartford, New Britain, Norwich, North Windham, Old Saybrook, Putnam, Rocky Hill, Shelton, Southington and Torrington. One violation involved a youth who injured his thumb while using a chain saw to cut Christmas trees.
The Labor Department and Wal-Mart signed the agreement on Jan. 6, but made no public announcement. The department disclosed the settlement yesterday after a reporter questioned officials about concerns raised by several department employees that the deal provided special favors to Wal-Mart.
The agreement states, "Compliance with the child labor laws and regulations will be an important factor in evaluating the performance of managers."
A provision of the agreement also promises to give Wal-Mart 15 days' advance notice before the department investigates any other "wage and hour" accusations, like failure to pay minimum wage or overtime.
That provision drew criticism yesterday from Representative George Miller of California, the senior Democrat on the House Education and Workforce Committee. It also prompted complaints from some Labor Department investigators who spoke on the condition of anonymity for fear of retaliation.
"With child labor cases involving the use of hazardous machinery, why give 15 days' notice before we can do an investigation?" asked a district office supervisor who has worked in the wage and hour division for nearly 20 years. "What's the rationale?"
Victoria Lipnic, assistant labor secretary for employment standards, called the settlement typical, saying that giving Wal-Mart advance notice before conducting investigations would encourage the company to correct the problems sooner.
"When we entered into the settlement, one way to ensure future compliance is to make sure they know we're going to come in and they had better be in compliance," Ms. Lipnic said.
The employees also said the agreement was unusual because the department had never announced it.
Department officials said they were preparing a news release and were waiting for Wal-Mart to pay the $135,540 before making the settlement public.
In the settlement, Wal-Mart agreed not to employ any worker under age 14 and agreed to prohibit any employee under 18 from operating cardboard balers. It also agreed to post a notice on each cardboard baler saying that minors may not use or touch the balers. Wal-Mart also agreed to train new store managers about compliance with child labor laws and to provide more training to current managers on the subject.
"We worked with the Department of Labor to strengthen our training and compliance programs," said Gus Whitcomb, a spokesman for Wal-Mart, which is based in Bentonville, Ark. "Again, our focus is to be 100 percent compliant with all applicable laws."
Wal-Mart has faced previous child labor charges. In March 2000, Maine fined the company $205,650 for violations of child labor laws in every one of the 20 Wal-Marts in the state. In January 2004, a weeklong internal audit of 128 Wal-Mart Stores found 1,371 instances in which minors apparently worked too late at night, worked during school hours or worked too many hours in a day. Wal-Mart officials said that the audit was faulty and had incorrectly found that some youths had worked on school days when, in fact, those days were holidays.
Under the new agreement with Wal-Mart, the Labor Department did not waive its right to conduct future investigations of the chain. Still, several Labor Department officials suggested that the agreement to give 15 days' advance notice to Wal-Mart of future investigations might give it an opportunity to hide violations.
John R. Fraser, the government's top wage official under the first President Bush and President Bill Clinton, said the advance notice provision was unusually expansive.
"Giving the company 15 days' notice of any investigation is very unusual," Mr. Fraser said. "The language appears to go beyond child labor allegations and cover all wage and hour allegations. It appears to put Wal-Mart in a privileged position that to my knowledge no other employer has."
Ms. Lipnic, the assistant labor secretary, countered that the advance notice provision applied only to accusations about violations of child labor laws.
"We usually call employers before we go to investigate," Ms. Lipnic said. "There's nothing uncommon or unprecedented about that."
Several federal employees voiced concern about a Jan. 10 e-mail message sent by the director of the Little Rock, Ark., office for the department's Wage and Hour Division after the settlement was reached, that said, "Wage & Hour will not open an investigation of Wal-Mart without first notifying Wal-Mart's main office and allowing them an opportunity to look at the alleged violations and, if valid, correct the problem."
But Cynthia Watson, the division's Southwest regional director, said advance notice would speed compliance. "We are seeking to centralize the points of contact in order to get the people involved to resolve the issue and get them corrected as quickly as possible," she said.
Correction: February 15, 2005, Tuesday Because of an editing error, an article on Saturday about the settlement of a child labor case against Wal-Mart omitted a response from the Labor Department in some copies to an assertion that the agreement granted Wal-Mart privileged treatment by giving it 15 days' notice of future investigations of any wage-and-hour complaints. Victoria Lipnic, assistant labor secretary for employment standards, said the advance notice applied only to complaints alleging child labor violations.


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I have one more exam remaining before I am free from the clutches of academia (for two weeks). My posts have been getting sparser and a little irregular and I apologize. The past few weeks have been fairly rough. Carnage lost a Druid, a Mage, and a Shaman to real life. I'm waiting for the word from the boss to see if I should go out headhunting for any of those three classes. Both the Druid and Shamans were resto. If there are any disgruntled resto druids, resto shamans, or mages who want to progress in the game and see the world before wrath hits, we do have openings. Feel free to drop me a line.
Now that my plug has finished, here's a "finish the sentence" question I want to post to everyone.
Raiding is like…
For me, raiding is like writing a test. There's an unbelievable amount of pressure to do well in front of your peers.


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Under former coach Charlie Strong, the Louisville football team's "core values" were out in the open for everyone to see. On wallpaper outside the Cardinals' team meeting room, Strong listed the five things he most expected from his players:
1. Honesty
2. Treat women with respect
3. No drugs
4. No stealing
5. No guns
Anyone have an eraser?
I'm not surprised Bobby Petrino is returning to big-time college football. After the scandalous end to his four-year tenure at Arkansas in April 2012, in which he was fired after wrecking his motorcycle with his mistress on the back and then lying to his boss about it, you knew it was only a matter of time before he was hired by a desperate football program.
Petrino has an 83-30 record as a college coach and knows X's and O's as well as anyone. Petrino might be morally bankrupt, but he wins games and sells tickets, which seem to be the only things that really matter in major college athletics anymore.
But I never thought it would be Louisville that hired him. Petrino, 52, will be named the Cardinals' coach for a second time on Thursday, replacing Strong, who left last week for Texas.
Sure, Louisville is heading to the ACC next season and might be trying to salvage the momentum Strong built, but the Cardinals aren't desperate. In fact, they're coming off two of their best seasons in school history. Strong guided them to a 23-3 record during the past two seasons, including a 33-23 victory over Florida in the 2013 Allstate Sugar Bowl. Throw in Louisville's NCAA championship in men's basketball last season and it has been the golden age of Cardinals athletics.
Louisville athletics director Tom Jurich is one of the best in the business, helping the Cardinals build an athletics program that is the envy of schools with far more resources and tradition. That's why it's so surprising that Jurich didn't learn from the past -- or at least ignored his conscience.
Petrino has already burned the Cardinals before, leaving for the NFL's Atlanta Falcons only a few months after he signed a lucrative 10-year contract to stay at Louisville. Given what Strong built, Jurich might have had his choice of up-and-coming coaching candidates. He reportedly interviewed Michigan State defensive coordinator Pat Narduzzi, Clemson offensive coordinator Chad Morris and Stanford defensive coordinator Derek Mason, among others, before somehow settling on Petrino.
Any of the other candidates would have come with far less baggage -- and a lot less road rash -- than Petrino.
But Petrino won big at Louisville the first time, going 41-9 from 2003 to 2006, and Jurich must be convinced he'll do it again. Hopefully, Petrino's second tenure will come without the lying and deception that made him one of the sport's most despised and mistrusted coaches.
During his first stop at Louisville, Petrino notoriously shopped for other jobs, infamously interviewing with Auburn officials at a small Indiana airport in 2003 even though he was still coaching the Cardinals and his former boss, Tommy Tuberville, was still employed at Auburn. Initially, Petrino denied published reports about the clandestine interview, but then admitted it and apologized for going behind Jurich's back.
The next year, Petrino interviewed for the Notre Dame job, and then, just five days after accepting a contract extension from Louisville, interviewed with LSU. In 2005, it was the NFL's Oakland Raiders.
Finally, after signing a 10-year deal with Louisville that would have paid him about $25 million, Petrino left to coach the NFL's Atlanta Falcons in January 2007. The fallout at Louisville was dramatic. Petrino's successor, former Tulsa coach Steve Kragthorpe, went 15-21 in three seasons. Jurich told Louisville-based reporter Eric Crawford that the Cardinals had to dismiss 21 players for disciplinary reasons after Petrino left.
Of course, Petrino didn't last a full season in the pros, resigning as the Falcons' coach with three games left in the 2007 season to become Arkansas' new coach. Petrino announced his departure by having a typed statement taped to each of the Falcons players' lockers after he bolted out of town.
Arkansas fans were blinded by Petrino's success, too. It took him only two seasons to produce a winner at Arkansas, guiding the Hogs to a 10-3 record and the Sugar Bowl in 2010, followed by an 11-2 record the next season. Then came that fateful spring day on a rural Arkansas highway when Petrino crashed his Harley-Davidson motorcycle and tried to cover up the fact that his mistress was riding with him. The 25-year-old woman, a former Arkansas volleyball player, was engaged to one of the school's strength and conditioning coaches. Petrino, who is married, even circumvented the state's employment laws by hiring his mistress as an assistant in the football office.
Petrino and the woman exchanged more than 7,000 text messages on his university-issued cell phone -- some of them on game days -- and he gave her $20,000 as a Christmas gift.
After spending the 2012 season in hiding, Petrino re-emerged at Western Kentucky this past season, where he led the Hilltoppers to an 8-4 record. WKU got Petrino on the cheap, hiring him to a four-year contract that paid him about $850,000 annually. The school even included a $1.2 million penalty that Petrino would have to pay if he left before the end of the deal. At the time, WKU athletics director Todd Stewart said, "I'm confident he'll be here awhile. I hope he's here for a long time."
Somehow, Petrino fooled them again, just like he hoodwinked Falcons owner Arthur Blank and Arkansas athletics director Jeff Long.
Now, Jurich has been blinded by the glorious possibilities of victories and championships again.
What's even harder to believe? That Petrino is actually a changed man.


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(AP) Booker shows Christie 'guv love' during NJ race
By ANGELA DELLI SANTI
Associated Press
Democratic U.S. Senate candidate Cory Booker showed Republican Gov. Chris Christie some "guv love" at a charter school ribbon-cutting on Wednesday as he stood to benefit from Christie's popularity during a difficult stretch in the campaign.
Christie is officially backing Republican Steve Lonegan in the Senate race but remains close to Booker, Newark's mayor, and the two share common ground on issues including charter schools.
Lonegan, a former Bogota mayor, has relentlessly attacked Booker over his closeness to celebrities and his many out-of-state trips and for what he calls his failure to focus enough attention on the problems in Newark, New Jersey's largest city. He rolled out a red carpet outside a restaurant on Monday to mock Booker's simultaneous appearance at a California fundraiser with Matt Damon and Ben Affleck.
In early August, Lonegan campaigned at the site of a killing to call attention to crime in Newark, where nine homicides in nine days later in the month led Booker to announce new measures to curb gun violence. More recently, Lonegan held a press conference outside a derelict property that a newspaper disclosed had been owned by Booker.
The barrage of Booker criticism may be starting to stick. Pollsters at Quinnipiac University say Booker's lead appears to have tightened ahead of the Oct. 16 special election to replace the late Democratic Sen. Frank Lautenberg.
Their recent poll of likely voters showed Booker with a lead of 12 percentage points compared with an early August poll of registered voters that showed a lead of 25 percentage points. Elections often appear tighter in polls among likely voters than they do among registered voters.
Booker hasn't answered Lonegan's attacks directly, though he seemed well aware of them as he welcomed Christie.
"To our governor, I want to give some guv love right now because we happen to be in this silly season of politics," Booker said.
Booker hadn't been out in public as mayor in more than a week and has held six public campaign events since Labor Day, when campaigns typically kick into high gear in New Jersey. On Wednesday, he didn't take questions.
Last week, however, he released his first televised ad of the general election campaign to air in the Philadelphia market. The ad doesn't mention Lonegan by name but accuses his opponent of wanting to outlaw abortion, rejecting any compromise and supporting the privatization of Social Security.
Christie appears to have an insurmountable lead in his re-election bid against a Democratic challenger seen as weak. So he's spending more time in cities such as Newark, where traditionally Democratic voters can help him run up a big margin of victory to take to a potential run for president in 2016.
Booker could get a boost along the way from a governor whose job approval rating is the envy of most politicians.
But Christie downplayed the significance of his appearance with Booker, saying on his monthly radio show the charter school building construction schedule rather than politics dictated the timing.
The Christie-Booker alliance goes back four years. As Booker tells it, he and Christie drove around the streets of Newark late one night before Christie took office finding areas on which they could agree, settling on education and development.
"The governor and I can write a dissertation on our disagreements," Booker said. "In the areas we agreed, we said we were going to do amazing things together. Today shows that when people can reach over those lines that divide and make ties that bind, what can be accomplished together."
Lonegan dismissed Wednesday's Christie-Booker appearance as something a governor does.
"Governor Chris Christie made a very clear point today," he said, "which is that Cory Booker cannot govern Newark without the governor's help."
Booker shows Christie 'guv love' during NJ race
(AP) Booker shows Christie 'guv love' during NJ race


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MONTREAL — My mother, Carol Stoodley, was diagnosed eight years ago with inoperable Non Small Cell Stage 3 Lung Cancer. Her treatment was complicated by the fact she also had multiple sclerosis, diabetes and arthritis. She was told she might have nine months to live without treatment, and it was suggested that she just go home and enjoy her family rather than have treatment, as the chemo would probably kill her.
She was a real fighter, and she insisted on treatment. Four years later, at age 67, after many chemo and radiation treatments, my mother was readmitted to the hospital with a collapsed lung, and with her second lung collapsing. The cancer had spread, and she wasn't able to eat any more. She said she felt like she was drowning, her biggest fear.
There was nothing more that the doctors could do except try to keep her comfortable. After numerous family meetings and conversations with her palliative-care doctors at the hospital, my mother repeatedly insisted that she finally had had enough, that she was done fighting.
She was not getting any better, and would only get worse. She told us she wanted to go to sleep now and never wake up; to die quickly and peacefully. We all supported her decision to have palliative sedation, and we all took turns staying by her bedside.
My mother gave me the great task of making sure she would not wake up. I watched the clock to ensure her hydromorphone came regularly. I moisturized her dry feet, legs and face, and I put a moisturizing gel on her lips, in her mouth and on her tongue that had become hard and dried like leather in those last few days. Her skin became paper thin on her hands, and my dad rubbed some off with his thumb by accident one day when he was holding her hand. He was horrified and cried. It was awful seeing her slowly die like this.
I can only hope that her morphine induced coma kept her truly unaware of her final dying days under palliative care. I have my doubts, though. She did wake up twice when out-of-town family members came to say goodbye, and again, lastly and frantically, when she was 20 minutes overdue for her next dose of hydromorphone.
She died 20 minutes after this last injection.
Did she awaken to say goodbye to all of us?
Or did she awaken because the nurse was late with the hydromorphone?
We will never know for sure.
But I do know this: When pets reach this stage, we can have them euthanized out of compassion. After seeing my mom slowly dehydrate and starve to death, if ever I am in the same situation, I would prefer to be euthanized, rather than kept on palliative sedation.
I know of some people who "lived" under palliative sedation for a week or more. My uncle lived for 11 days like this, and just very recently, my father-in-law died under palliative sedation.
Why do we have to watch our loved ones slowly dehydrate and whither away and die like this? Is this really humane? Where is the dignity?
Two and a half years ago, I submitted a brief to the Quebec General Consultation on Dying with Dignity after having experienced my mother's death in palliative care. The general population does not seem to realize that palliative care often means palliative sedation, which is basically a morphine-induced coma leading to death by dehydration.
How is this comforting to anyone?
I know that my mother would have opted for a physician-assisted death over palliative sedation if she could have.
I miss my mother every day, but I still think of her poor hand, mouth and tongue. There must be a better way to die with dignity than the way she died.
Dianne Laheurte (right), a resident of Hudson, became an advocate of the right to "die with dignity," or euthanasia, as a result of her own experience with her mother Carol Stoodley's (left) death.


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The Adaptable Gas Turbine
By Lee S. Langston
Whether creating electricity or moving planes, this engine continues to inspire innovation
Whether creating electricity or moving planes, this engine continues to inspire innovation
Turbines have been around for a long time—windmills and water wheels are early examples. The name comes from the Latin turbo, meaning vortex, and thus the defining property of a turbine is that a fluid or gas turns the blades of a rotor, which is attached to a shaft that can perform useful work. Hydrocarbon-fueled turbines, however, are one of the youngest energy conversion devices: Their first use in either generating electricity or powering jet aircraft flight took place in 1939. Through the efforts of many thousands of engineers in the intervening 70 years or so, such gas turbines have come to dominate aircraft propulsion and, with their now-unmatched thermal efficiency and low cost, are the superstars of electric power plants. With energy a central concern in modern society, gas turbine technology continues to be innovative.
Much of my efforts as a mechanical engineer, both in industry and academia, have been guided by the first law of thermodynamics (stated in the principle of the conservation of energy): Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but can be changed in form. The "changed in form" part of the law is what many mechanical engineers do, as they research and develop energy conversion devices. An example of this conversion is transforming heat (say, from the combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel) into motive power (such as a jet powered airplane) or electricity. Devices that perform this transformation are called prime movers.
The major modern-day prime movers convert heat supplied by nuclear or chemical reactions into useful forms of energy. The gas turbine, co-invented by Hans von Ohain, Frank Whittle and the engineers at the Swiss firm Brown, Boveri & Cie, succeeded the steam engine, realized in 1769 by Thomas Newcomen and James Watt; the spark ignition engine of Nikolaus Otto from 1876; the compression ignition engine of Rudolf Diesel from 1884 and the steam turbine of Charles Parsons from 1897.
The name gas turbine is somewhat misleading, for it implies a simple turbine that uses gas as a working fluid. Actually, a gas turbine has a compressor to draw in and compress gas (usually air), a combustor (or burner) to add combustive fuel (usually a hydrocarbon liquid or gas) to heat the compressed gas, and a turbine (or expander) to extract power from the hot gas flow with its rotation of the turbine blades.
Because the origin of the gas turbine lies in both the electric power field and aviation, there has been a profusion of other names for the gas turbine. For land and marine applications the gas turbine moniker is most common, but it is also called a combustion turbine, a turboshaft engine and sometimes a gas turbine engine. For aviation applications it is usually called a jet engine, and various other names (depending on the particular aviation configuration or application) such as jet turbine engine, turbojet, turbofan, fanjet and turboprop or prop jet (if it is used to drive a propeller). The compressor-combustor-turbine part of the gas turbine is commonly called the gas generator.
In an aircraft gas turbine, all of the turbine power is used to drive the compressor (which may also have an associated fan or propeller). The gas flow leaving the turbine is then accelerated to the atmosphere through an exhaust nozzle to provide thrust or propulsion power. Gas turbine or jet engine thrust power is equal to the momentum increase in the mass flow from engine inlet to exit, multiplied by the flight velocity. The actual thrust force produced in the engine (and pulling the plane forward) is the summation of all the axial components of pressure forces on the internal surfaces of the engine exposed to the gas path flow.
A jet engine can be small enough to be handheld and produce a few pounds of thrust (1 pound of thrust is equivalent to 4.45 newtons of force) to be used on model airplanes or military drones. (The retired Swiss pilot Yves Rossy, nicknamed "Jetman," attached four such small jet engines—each producing 50 pounds of thrust or about 223 newtons—to a back-mounted wing and flew across the English Channel in 2008 and over the Grand Canyon in 2011.) On modern commercial jet aircraft, gas turbines are typically in the range of 30,000 pounds of thrust (or 136,000 newtons), with the largest currently at about 100,000 pounds of thrust (445,000 newtons) on Boeing's long-range 777 airplanes.
The jet engine shown in the figure above is a turbofan engine, with a larger-diameter compressor-mounted fan. Thrust is generated by air passing through the fan alone (called bypass air) and through the gas generator itself. The combination of mechanisms greatly increases the fuel efficiency of the engine. With a large frontal area to pull in a higher mass of air (with the trade-off that the configuration does engender higher aerodynamic drag forces at cruising flight velocities), the turbofan engine generates peak thrust at takeoff speeds. It is therefore most suitable for commercial aircraft, which need most of their lift to get off the ground, not to maneuver once in the air. In contrast, a turbojet does not have a fan and generates all of its thrust from air that passes through the gas generator. Turbojets have smaller frontal areas (and thus lower drag at high flight velocities) and generate peak thrusts at high speeds, making them most suitable for fighter aircraft that travel at much higher velocities than commercial craft.
In nonaviation gas turbines, only part of the turbine power is used to drive the compressor. The remainder is used as output shaft power to turn an energy conversion device, such as an electrical generator, or to compress natural gas in a pipeline so it can be transported. Shaft power land-based gas turbines can get very large (with an output as high as 375 megawatts, enough to power about 300,000 homes). The unit shown in the figure at right is called an industrial or frame machine. It is constructed for ruggedness and long life, so weight is not a major factor as it is with a jet engine. Typically frame machines are designed conservatively but have made use of technical advances in jet engine development when it has made sense to do so.
Lighter-weight gas turbines derived from jet engines and used for nonaviation applications are called aeroderivative gas turbines. Aeroderivatives are used to drive natural gas pipeline compressors, power ships and produce electric power. They are used particularly to provide peaking and intermediate power for electric utilities, because they can start up quickly. Peaking power supplements a utility's normal output during high-demand periods, such as summer air conditioning in major cities.
The gas turbine has some design advantages over other power systems. It is capable of producing large amounts of useful power for a relatively small size and weight. Because motion of all its major components involves pure rotation (there is, for instance, no reciprocating motion as in a piston engine), its mechanical life is long and the corresponding maintenance cost is relatively low. However, during its early development, the deceptive simplicity of the gas turbine caused problems, until aspects of its fluid mechanics, heat transfer and combustion were better understood. In the words of Edward Taylor, the first director of the MIT Gas Turbine Laboratory, early gas turbine compressor designs foundered on a rock, and the rock was stall. Stall is the sudden blockage and even reversal of engine flow, caused when fluid separated away from the compressor airfoil surfaces instead of flowing evenly over them. Taylor paraphrased P. T. Barnum's words to describe two kinds of stall: You can operate a compressor so it stalls all of the blades some of the time (called surge) or some of the blades all of the time (called rotating stall). It took much early research and development to avoid such stall conditions.
Although a gas turbine must be started by some external means (a small external motor or other source, such as another gas turbine), it can be brought up to full load (peak output) conditions in minutes, in contrast with a steam turbine plant whose startup time is measured in hours.
Gas turbines can also use a variety of fuels. Natural gas is commonly used in land-based gas turbines, whereas light distillate (or kerosene-like) oils power aircraft jet engines and marine gas turbines. Diesel oil or specially treated residual oils (such as biodiesel) can also be used, as well as combustible gases (such as methane) derived from blast furnaces, refineries, landfills, sewage and gasification of solid fuels such as coal, wood chips and bagasse (the crushed stalks of sugarcane or sorghum). Some recent work in South Africa on a type of nuclear power plant called a pebble bed reactor (which uses tennis ball–sized spheres of graphite embedded with fissile material) provided helium gas to power a type of turbine that has a closed cycle, meaning it uses a gas preheated by an external source that is recirculated through the system.)
An additional advantage of gas turbines is that the usual working fluid is atmospheric air, and the machine does not require liquid cooling—an important consideration in many parts of the world, where cooling water is in short supply.
In the early days of its development, one of the major disadvantages of the gas turbine was its lower efficiency (hence higher fuel usage) when compared to other engines and steam turbine power plants. However, over the past 70 years, continuous engineering development has pushed the thermal efficiency (18 percent for the 1939 Brown Boveri gas turbine) to present levels of about 45 percent for simple cycle operation. Efficiencies can reach over 60 percent for combined-cycle operations, where exhaust gases are put to additional use.
It is now hard to remember when the aviation gas turbine—the jet engine—was not part of aircraft flight. Before jet engines, an aviation piston engine manufacturer could expect to sell 20 to 30 times the original cost of the engines in aftermarket parts. With the advent of the jet engine, this aftermarket figure dropped to three to five times the original cost (an important reduction that made air travel affordable and reliable, and airlines profitable, although engine manufacturers have had to alter their business models). In recent years, technology and market demands have resulted in even longer lasting engine components, dropping the aftermarket figure to increasingly lower levels.
A well-managed airline will try to keep a jet-powered plane in the air as much as 18 hours a day, 365 days a year. If well maintained, the airline expects the engines to remain in service and on the wing for 15,000 to 30,000 hours of operation, depending on the number of takeoffs and landings experienced by the plane. After this period, the jet engine will be taken off and overhauled, usually with replacement of parts that experience heating, such as the combustor and turbine. (Currently the in-flight shutdown rate of a jet engine is less than 1 per 100,000 flight hours. In other words, on average, an engine fails in flight once every 30 years.)
Aircraft jet engines make up about 25 percent of the cost of the airplane. In 2011 the worldwide aviation gas turbine market amounted to $32 billion, of which $27 billion was for commercial aircraft, with the remainder for military applications. Currently there are about 19,400 airplanes in the worldwide air transport fleet. Both major airplane manufacturers, Boeing in the United States and Airbus in Europe, project that there will be 34,000 aircraft in world fleets by 2030.
This promising market is stimulating jet engine development for commercial airlines, with an emphasis on fuel economy. Currently, 40 to 60 percent of airline operating expenses are jet fuel costs. The Pratt & Whitney turbofan engine shown in the second figure is currently being developed for new, single-aisle, 90- to 200-passenger aircraft. This engine has a hub-mounted gearing system that drives the front mounted fan at lower speeds, permitting as much as 16 percent less fuel consumption and much reduced engine noise. Later, the geared-fan technology may be applied to higher-thrust engines for larger airplanes.
Although military jet engines represent a smaller segment of the gas turbine market, the technology developed there has historically resulted in benefits for commercial aviation. The new U.S. F135 Joint Strike Fighter engine, at 40,000 pounds of thrust, is a case in point. It powers three variants of aircraft: An Air Force fighter that takes off conventionally, a carrier-based Navy jet and a short takeoff/vertical landing aircraft for the Marines.
Temperatures in the Joint Strike Fighter engine run 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit (1,982 degrees Celsius). How do the cobalt-nickel alloy turbine airfoils survive such running conditions? The vanes and blades are cooled to some eight-tenths to nine-tenths of their alloy melting temperatures (2,200 to 2,600 degrees Fahrenheit). Each high- temperature turbine airfoil is formed from an elaborate casting to accommodate the intricate internal passages and surface hole patterns necessary to channel and direct cooling air (bled from the compressor) within and over its external surfaces. An error in hole location or cooling air pressure ratios could cause airfoil gas path inhalation rather than cooling exhalation, which at such high temperatures would be catastrophic. The cooling design is based on some 30 years of research and unequivocally pushes forward the state-of-the-art of turbine performance and durability.
In the past 30 years, advances in non-aviation technology have almost doubled the thermal efficiency of new gas turbine electric power plants. In 2011, the worldwide market for nonaviation gas turbines came in at $16 billion, most of it for new electrical plants. Modern gas turbine combined-cycle power plants produce electric power at levels as high as half a gigawatt, with thermal efficiencies that now exceed the 60 percent mark—almost twice what I learned about as an undergraduate mechanical engineering student.
A combined-cycle gas turbine power plant uses a gas turbine (usually fueled by natural gas) to drive an electrical generator. The hot exhaust is then used to produce steam in a heat exchanger (called a heat recovery steam generator) to supply a steam turbine whose useful work output provides the means to generate more electricity. (If the steam is used instead to heat buildings, the unit would be called a cogeneration plant.) A good efficiency value for modern gas turbines is 40 percent, whereas a steam turbine at typical combined-cycle conditions is about 30 percent. Using the first law of thermodynamics and the definition of thermal efficiency, the combined efficiency of the two is about 58 percent, greater than either of the individual devices alone.
The heart of the combined-cycle plant (or more accurately, the combined power plant, because the thermodynamic cycles aren't combined) is the gas turbine with its gas exhaust temperature, typically at about 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit (or 538 degrees Celsius), sufficient to produce steam to power the steam turbine. The Siemens 375 megawatt gas turbine shown in the third figure is the center of a new 578-megawatt combined-cycle gas turbine plant in Irsching, Germany. On May 19, 2011, Siemens announced it had reached a thermal efficiency of 60.75 percent, which probably makes it the most efficient heat engine ever operated.
"I sell here, sir, what all the world desires to have—POWER." These were the words of early British industrialist Matthew Boulton to James Boswell, quoted in Boswell's 1791 book The Life of Samuel Johnson. Boulton and his partner, Scottish engineer James Watt, manufactured the first steam engines. Their firm went out of business long ago, but the world's need for power has multiplied many times over since Boulton met Boswell.
Such increasing need for power is being fulfilled by gas turbines, in both flight propulsion and electrical generation. One can safely predict that the gas turbine will increase its role as a prime mover, as engineers continue to improve its performance and find new uses for it.
Click "American Scientist" to access home page


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Vale Christobel Mattingley, whose award-winning books have, and will continue, to inform and delight readers for many years to come.
Congratulations to our Miles Franklin Award-longlisted titles:?Robbie Arnott's?Flames?and?Gail Jones's?The Death of Noah Glass.
Explore the amazing new books coming from Text in the second half of 2019...
Text is thrilled to announce that Georgina Young is the winner of the 2019 Text Prize for her sharply observed YA novel?Loner,?a humorous and heartfelt exploration of new adulthood set in the South Eastern suburbs of Melbourne.?
This month we feature two classics by Patrick White:? essential story collection?The Cockatoos, introduced by Gail Jones, and the late novel?Memoirs of Many in One, introduced by Sophie Cunningham.
'A strong case could be made for White as the finest and most profound novelist anywhere in the world now working in English…Memoirs of Many in One?will fascinate any reader.'?Washington Post
'The Cockatoos…is superb. It is a slow, beautiful dance of love and death.'Chicago Tribune Book World


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Elizabeth Cole is a brand with a fairly fearless aesthetic that has slowly gained ground since it was first set up in 2005. It is the work of former fashion PR Stephanie Owen who has used her own considerable talents, as well as years at the forefront of trends and style to create jewellery lines that incorporate the quality of great craftsmanship alongside exciting contemporary style. This translates through all the lines from the brand, from jewellery to necklaces and earrings too. Each piece in the earrings line is unique, from the tiniest of studs through to the statement Swarovski styles. The look is glamorous, eye-catching, colourful and stand out but there are more subtle designs too 'it's a very versatile range.
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Homer Simpson, the animated star of Matt Groening's "The Simpsons," voted for Mitt Romney in an online promotional clip for the show's new season.
The ad for the new season, set to air Sept. 30, shows Simpson weighing his options at a polling station, Politico reported Friday.
When considering President Barack Obama and Republican nominee Romney, Simpson says, "Barack Obama, I don't know. I already got one wife telling me to eat healthy. And, plus, he promised me death panels and grandpa is still alive. Mitt Romney? I hear he wears magic underpants. I expect the leader of the free world to go commando. Plus, his horse totally choked at the Olympics. On the other hand, he did invent Obamacare."
Simpson then casts a vote for Romney and is told he can view Romney's tax returns.
"The government paid him taxes for five years. I've got to tell the press!" Simpson says. He is then sucked into a tube and dropped into a factory in China.
"Well, at least I've got a steady job," he says.


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Chocolate Covered Peeps For Your Easter Basket
Just in time for Easter, Just Born Inc., Bethlehem, Pa., rolls out Peeps Chocolate Covered Marshmallow Chicks, the first time its iconic Peeps Chick shape has been covered in chocolate. Available in Creamy Milk Chocolate and Rich Dark Chocolate, they are wrapped in conveniently sized 1-oz. single-serve packages for your Easter basket or just a fun treat.
Just Born also welcomes new Peeps Orange Marshmallow Chicks and Bunnies into the growing Peeps family. They are available in all of the season's favorite colors: yellow, pink, blue, lavender, green and orange.
Eating Peeps brings a smile to people of all ages, so it is no surprise that Just Born produces enough Peeps in one year to circle the Earth twice. According to the company, it takes six minutes to create one Peeps chick, and consumers do curious things with them – age them for a different consistency, microwave them (they expand greatly!), freeze them, roast them and even cook with them.
"We are really excited about this new offering," says brand manager Chris Schneeweiss. "We chose the chick shape because it is a popular Easter icon that everyone loves. We wanted to appeal to all taste buds, so we are offering this item in both milk and dark chocolate. These Peeps will please loyal fans and entice newcomers, perhaps becoming our biggest hit ever."
Suggested retail price is less than $1.


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Add a vintage-inspired touch to your formal wardrobe with our monochrome jersey trousers featuring a herringbone check pattern. Slim fit with a mid-rise waist, ankle grazer length and added stretch for comfort. Classic elasticated waist fastening.
35 days to return
You may return unused products within 35 days of purchase with a valid parcel summary document. Your items don't need to be in the original box or bag as long as they're securely packaged.
How to return
Simply use our returns portal to print a returns label and returns note. You will then be able to return all or part of your order at your own cost through your preferred carrier. To create a returns label, visit our returns portal select this option and follow the instructions.
Express Delivery: FREE over ALEK12,000 (otherwise ALEK 1,000); 2-3 working days


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Easton has announced a bearing upgrade for its M1-series rear hubs to boost durability and make the hubs compatible with the popular rear thru-axle systems. Easton currently uses these hubs in its EC90 XC, EA90 XC, EC70 Trail, Haven, Haven Carbon, Havoc, and EA90 XD wheelsets.
The first change is the elimination of the adjustable bearing preload cap. Riders were able to change the preload on their bearings to optimize friction and lateral play. But this feature was more of a liability as the perfect setting was rarely achieved as the cap could work itself loose on trail rides. A new cap leaves it at the perfect setting.
The second improvement are bigger bearings with a support sleeve between the two bearings. This reduces load on the bearings.
This upgrade is available for compatible hubs free of charge. But the upgrade kit cannot be parted out as all the pieces need to be used together for proper operation. If the customer wants to switch from rear skewer to rear thru-axle type, they can purchase the compatible end caps from Easton.
If the customer has a hub that cannot be upgraded to the new system, they can send their wheels back to Easton where the hub can be replaced and the wheelset rebuilt for a fee.
These upgrades can be done by the consumer now since there are a ton of awesome How-To videos on the Easton website.
Video: Replacing Hub Bearings
Video: Convert from QR to thru-axle
For ordering requests call (800) 969-4476 or email [email protected] For more information contact your local Easton-Bell Sports representative.


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#SubwayDancers Poem | Ryan Ngala
Edited, Recited, Typed & Written
Mr. Ryan Ngala
Ryan Ngala's Poems™ | STN® Poetry™
As I stumble upon a train,
When I enter on an 8th Avenue local stop,
I see some upcoming dancers introducing themselves,
As they started to perform straight to the top.
Doing tricks and flips like I've never ever seen,
It became a social media phenomenon,
As I scroll upon my Instagram,
As these dancers came and show their stuff.
Many dancers were moving to the body,
To the music that they were shaking to,
No distraction from them other train passengers,
Listening to the sound of wherever the music was playing from.
They Started to get warm up,
Get ready to burn up,
When they turn up the sound to their speakers,
They made some room to make some clear space.
One, Two, Three all eyes are on them,
Many of the moves that I see,
They already practice for themselves,
As They listen to the sound of the rhythm.
I wish that the hashtag topic #SubwayDancers will always be trending worldwide,
As many subway dancers could also become great celebrity dancers one day,
As for someone who will entertain young children in making sure the moves are always straight to perfection, But that they will always look forward in their right direction.
Copyright © 2008 - 2020 Ryan Ngala's Poems™ | STN® Poetry™. All Rights Reserved.


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Marianne Schell
Marianne Schell was educated at Musikhögskolan, solistlinjen, and Teater- och Operahögskolan in Gothenburg. She made her debut in 1975 at Stora Teatern as Elsalill in Herr Arnes penningar. Next followed a large number of roles such as Amanda in Tintomara, the female title role in Brudköpet and Flickan i ögat, Papagena in Die Zauberflöte, Micaela and Mercedes in Carmen, Tigrinnan in Animalen, Pallas Athena in The Return of Odysseus, Prins Orlofsky in Die Fledermaus in Stora Teatern's production at Scandinavium, Sophie in Werther, Composer in Ariadne auf Naxos, Cherubin in Le Nozze di Figaro, Juno in Orpheus in the Underworld and Frau Peachum in Der Dreigroschenoper.
At the Göteborg Opera Marianne Schell has sung Cherubin and Marcellina in Le Nozze di Figaro, Mary in Der Fliegender Holländer, Suzuki in Madama Butterfly, Eberharda Lindberg in Äppelkriget, Herodias in Salome, The Mother in Les Contes d'Hoffmann, Mrs Sedley in Peter Grimes, Flora in La traviata, Margret in Wozzeck, Third Lady in Die Zauberflöte, Klytaimestra in Elektra, Mme Thérnardier in Les Misérables, Mother de Croissy in Les Dialogues des Carmelites, A Mother in Lulu, Annina in Der Rosenkavalier, Leona in La Belle Helene and The Old Countess in Pique Dame.
She has also sung in a number of concerts. Marianne Schell has been a guest soloist at Drottningholmsteatern and Riksteatern, and been a solist at romance and orchestra concerts both in Sweden and abroad.


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The Sri Lanka page around Sinhalese (Sinhala)
The Sri Lanka page around Sinhalese (Sinhala)
Hello at the Sinhala Page
This site is more dedicated to the sinhala language than the general
site and we will try to give you as much information about the singhalese language as possible.
Go To Dictionary
Additionally to the original site at
I improved the rendering of the sinhala signs to make them nicer looking and try to give more info than on most other sites (and there have not been many out there).
Due to I am austrian and this project is only done in my spare time, please forgive me my englisch and don't be impatient.
For our german speaking guest there is also a
german version
available. I hope you enjoy the page and the sinhala language and I am always happy to get some feedback and suggestions for improvement at
Wish you a nice day.
If someone is wondering what singhalese (or sinhala) is - it is a language spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of Sri Lanka and especially the writing is really cute (go here to see the
New travel and language community started! First version available at
- Join us and become part of the new page. Plans are to move the sinhala page over there as well when enough features are available.
© 2019 -
Sinhala Dictionary
Sinhala Grammar
Sinhala Signs
Jerga Urbana
Sinhala (also known as Sinhalese (older spelling: Singhalese) in English, also known locally as Helabasa, is the mother tongue of the Sinhalese people, who make up the largest ethnic group in Sri Lanka, numbering about 15 million. Sinhala is also spoken, as a second language by other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, totalling about 3 million. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. Sinhala is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka, along with Tamil. Sinhala, along with Pali, played a major role in the development of Theravada Buddhist literature. Sinhala has its own writing system, the Sinhala alphabet, which is a member of the Brahmic family of scripts, and a descendant of the ancient Indian Brahmi script. The oldest Sinhala inscriptions found are from the 6th century BCE, on pottery; the oldest existing literary works date from the 9th century CE. The closest relative of Sinhala is the language of the Maldives and Minicoy Island (India), Dhivehi.
In 1977 the Free market economy was introduced to the country, incorporating privatisation, deregulation and the promotion of private enterprise and loans. While the production and export of tea, rubber, and other commodities remain important, industrialisation has increased the importance of food processing, textiles, telecommunications and finance. Main economic sectors of the country are tourism, tea export, clothing, rice production and other agricultural products. In addition to these economic sectors, overseas employment contributes highly in foreign exchange, most of them from the Middle East.
The per capita income of Sri Lanka has doubled since 2005. During the same period, poverty and unemployment has dropped, market capitalisation has quadrupled and budget deficit has doubled. 90% of the households in Sri Lanka are electrified. Income inequality has also dropped in recent years.
Sri Lanka is next only to Maldives in the South Asian region in terms of per capita income.
It is possible to get loans at various banks where no personal guarantors or down payments are required, e.g. for wedding loans or car loans. There are option of repaying the loan based on a reducing balance or an equal installment scheme and the flexibility to choose the repayment period of up to 5 years. Processing fee is typically low and there is the choice of both fixed and floating rate interest rate options.
Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. Known until 1972 as Ceylon, Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the Maldives. As a result of its location in the path of major sea routes, Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia. It was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road. Sri Lanka has also been a center of the Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times, being the nation where the Buddhist teachings were first written down as well as the oldest continually Buddhist country. Sri Lanka boasts a diverse range of cultures, languages and religions. The Sinhalese people form the majority of the population; Tamils, who are concentrated in the north and east of the island, form the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include Moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays and the aboriginal Vedda people. Sri Lanka is a republic and a unitary state which is governed by a semi-presidential system with its official seat of government in Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte, the capital. The country is famous for the production and export of tea, coffee, gemstones, coconuts, rubber and cinnamon, the last of which is native to the country. Sri Lanka has been called The Pearl of the Indian Ocean.


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Green Living Challenge 2013: Practicing Green Living
Another year — another Green Living Challenge! How will you reduce, reuse, and recycle in 2013?
Happy New Year! Three years ago to the day I tried to launch a green living challenge. I'm not sure how many readers got into it, but I wanted to give it another shot. Reducing, reusing, and recycling everything and anything you can makes the most sense financially and environmentally. Especially when you have kids. So here's how it works: Every two weeks integrate some new "green lifestyle" practice into your life. Then jump on the Hudson Valley Magazine Facebook page and tell us what you did. This way we can inspire each other and share tips for best practices. If you're not sure where to start, here is a list of ideas. Feel free to share anything else you think might help get another mama's ball rolling.
- Buy a countertop water filter system whose filters last for one-to-two years, instead of using unfiltered water or pitcher filters that need to be frequently replaced.
- Stop buying bottled water and use aforementioned water filter to fill your own reusable water bottles.
- Try eating vegetarian for one or two meals a week.
- Replace plastic snack bags with the cute reusable kind, and brown paper lunch bags with lunch boxes.
- Wash your clothes in cold water (it's just as effective as warm, I promise).
- Turn off all lights in rooms not being used and unplug electronics when not in use.
- Buy your meat and eggs from a local farm where they are humanely raised and slaughtered. Avoid factory-farmed meat and eggs at all costs.
- Switch to naturally derived cleaning products, or make your own.
- Use cloth diapers (or make a baby step by switching to a chlorine-free brand like Seventh Generation).
- Use rags instead of paper towels (or make a baby step by switching to recycled paper towels).
- Shop for kid's clothes at consignment shops.
- Walk or bike more, drive less.
- Sign onto Catalog Choice and opt out of receiving catalogs and unsolicited mail.
» More from Mama Greenest blog
» Find a Hudson Valley healthcare provider or rescource
» Find a Hudson Valley kids resource


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Views: 227
I see on my Atheist Nexus page an advertisement for jesus t shirts by www.MyGodDesigns.com. Isn't this religious spamming or proselytizing or both? Shouldn't this vendor be banned?
There is, actually. It can only catch them after the fact, though. That's the bad part about allowing members of groups to send e-mails directly to members. The e-mail goes out instantly, and there's nothing that can be done to retrieve it.
Just do what you should do whenever you get an e-mail even from a friend, who tells you you should go to a site that looks sketchy. I've had 3 or 4 friends who got their address book hijacked, in the past 5 or 6 months. When I got the e-mail from them, I just sent back an e-mail asking if they sent it.
If you ever look for the person's profile, after the fact, you'll notice that it's never there. That's because someone from the Nexus team nukes it the instant it's detected ... but the e-mails are already on their way.
© 2019 Atheist Nexus. All rights reserved. Admin: The Nexus Group. Powered by


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Encephalitis is an uncommon but serious condition in which the brain becomes inflamed (swollen).
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain, usually caused by an infection. It's a rare but serious condition.
Encephalitis may start off with flu-like symptoms. More serious symptoms include confusion, seizures, difficulty speaking and feeling weak.
Encephalitis needs urgent treatment in hospital. Depending on the cause, treatment may include antiviral medicines, steroids or antibiotics.
Some of the infections that cause encephalitis can be prevented with vaccines, such as the MMR and Japanese encephalitis vaccines.
Page last reviewed: 03/12/2019
Next review due: 03/12/2022


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The real world awaits you. This book prepares you. From rockets to robots, control systems play a major role in today's technology. You'll find them in applications in nearly every field-electrical, mechanical, aerospace, biomedical, and chemical engineering. Control systems engineering is a real-world discipline, and you need a text that prepares you to design for that real world. Control Systems Engineering, now in its Fifth Edition, takes a practical approach to control systems engineering. Presenting clear and complete explanations, the text shows you how to analyze and design feedback control systems that support today's modern technology. By working with the same physical system in each chapter, the book's progressive case studies give you a realistic view of each stage of the control design process while a combination of qualitative and quantitative explanations provide insight into the design of parameters and system configurations. Best of all, you'll get extensive practice in using MATLAB, Simulink, and the SISO Design Tool-industry standards that you will use in your future career. You'll find this Fifth Edition especially valuable for these features: Case studies that use the same system progressively, chapter after chapter, to show the analysis and design process with clarity are presented. Helpful skill-assessment exercises, numerous in-chapter examples, review questions, and problems. Tutorials on the latest versions of MATLAB, the Control System Toolbox, Simulink , the Symbolic Math Toolbox, and MATLAB's graphical user interface (GUI) tools. "What if" experiments that expand your knowledge and skills. Companion Web site with computer programs for use with MATLAB, additional appendices, and complete solutions to skill-assessment exercises. Illustrations from the book available at http://www.wiley.com/college/niseNise, Norman S. is the author of 'Control Systems Engineering', published 2007 under ISBN 9780471794752 and ISBN 0471794759.[read more]
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The 28th Annual F-100 Western Nationals - Ford Trucks En Masse Featherly Park
What better way to spend a summer day than in the company of like-minded Ford truck enthusiasts? Lump all those sparkling F-1s and F-100s in one of the best show venues in Southern California, Anaheim's Featherly Park, and you've got the makings for one of the best truck-only shows in the country. Put on by Orange County Pickups Limited, a club formed for those of the early Ford ('48-56) persuasion, this small group of volunteers manages to host over 200 all-Ford pickups while handing out a myriad of awards.
And with nearly 30 years under their belt, it's hard to imagine that this year's winner for Best of Show was the first post-'56 truck ever to achieve such an accomplishment. Glen Van Buskirk was the big winner and his bright yellow '65 Stepside was worth every glint of attention doted to it. Take a look at a full feature CCT ran of this fantastic Ford in the April 2009 issue ("Flash Yellow Slick").
While the show took place on a Saturday, it's really a weekend-long affair. This year kicked off with a meet and greet at Surf City Garage followed by a cruise that took the truckers through Seal Beach, down Pacific Coast Highway, through Newport Beach, then back to Anaheim where the group was treated to a rare tour of John Force Racing headquarters. Check the OC Pickups Limited website at www.f100westernnationals.com frequently for details on next year's show. At this point we've got June 25, 2011 marked as "busy." Hope to see you there!