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hello, this is my first post!
I am coding an 8 puzzle program to solve any instance of the eight puzzle. An input file for this program contains an initial state and a goal state separated by a blank line. 'B' Stands for the blank in the puzzle. Top is initial bottom is goal state. For this particular instance the algorithm does not work:
There are many others it does not work for, this is just one. I find one thing weird is that when checking the open list for a node with the same state with a greater gcost value(level in the tree), it never has a greater cost and never gets updated with a lesser cost. Not sure if this is a problem though. The only code that you most likely have to look at is solvePuzzle() and inListWithGreaterCost(). inListWithGreaterCost() checks a list(open) to see if there is a Node with the same state with a better cost than its current level. If the gcost of the node in the list is lower, the new Node updated with the lesser cost and the old one is removed. The open list is sorted by heuristic + gcost(level of tree) on every iteration of A* algorithm to prioritize open list. Can someone please help me out, I am very stuck as it seems that i am following the algorithm's pseudocode perfectly(I have found many versions). Here is most of the code for the EightPuzzle class, it is lengthy but you will most likely have to look at those two functions i mentioned. I just wanted to post all so you will have a better reference. I'm just not so sure what is wrong with my code that is causing me to repeat states and the loop runs infinitely, can someone please help point out what is wrong? I also posted the tree and node classes for reference,Thanks!
import java.io.*; import java.text.*; import java.util.*; public class EightPuzzle{ //puzzle holds current state of puzzle, and goal holds goal state private char [][] puzzle = new char [3][3]; private char [][] goal = new char [3][3]; //moves that can be made for current puzzle state private ArrayList<Character> moves; //frontier for A* search, static so it doesn't need to be allocated for //each object, and is a member because it is used in multiple methods private static Tree <EightPuzzle> frontier = new Tree<EightPuzzle>(); private static final int STEPCOST = 1;//cost to make a move //used to keep track of heuristic being used private String heuristicID = new String(); //heuristic value for EightPuzzle to goal, calculated by h1 or h2 private int heuristic; /* constructor for an EightPuzzle takes a file and saves it in a string and * initializes both goal and puzzle arrays in initialize function. Also gets * the possible moves for the current state of the EightPuzzle and * initializes the frontier for A* search to this object just created. * This is used to construct the initial state of the puzzle. */ public EightPuzzle(File in, String heuristicID) { moves = new ArrayList<Character>(); String str = buildPuzzle(in); this.initialize(str); this.getPossibleMoves(); frontier = new Tree<EightPuzzle>(this); this.heuristicID = heuristicID; if(heuristicID.equals("h1")) this.heuristic = heuristic1(this.puzzle); else if(heuristicID.equals("h2")) this.heuristic = heuristic2(this.puzzle); else this.heuristic = heuristic1(this.puzzle);//default } /* constructs an EightPuzzle from the array passed in. Sets the puzzle value * to state and gets the possible moves for that state. */ public EightPuzzle(char[][] state,String heuristicID) { moves = new ArrayList<Character>(); this.puzzle = state; this.getPossibleMoves(); this.heuristicID = heuristicID; if(heuristicID.equals("h1")) this.heuristic = new Integer(heuristic1(this.puzzle)); else if(heuristicID.equals("h2")) this.heuristic = new Integer(heuristic2(this.puzzle)); else this.heuristic = new Integer(heuristic1(this.puzzle));//default } /* copy constructor, makes a deep copy of p. */ public EightPuzzle(EightPuzzle p) { for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)//deep copy puzzle for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { this.puzzle[i][j] = new Character(p.puzzle[i][j]); } this.moves = new ArrayList<Character>(); final int SIZE = p.getMoves().size(); for(int i =0; i < SIZE;i++)//deep copy moves this.moves.add(new Character(p.moves.get(i))); //point to same goal in memory, doesn't need deep copy this.goal = p.getGoal(); if(p.heuristicID.equals("h1")) this.heuristic = new Integer(heuristic1(this.puzzle)); else if(p.heuristicID.equals("h2")) this.heuristic = new Integer(heuristic2(this.puzzle)); else this.heuristic = new Integer(heuristic1(this.puzzle));//default } //accessor method for puzzle member public char [][] getPuzzle() { return this.puzzle; } //accessor method for heuristic public int getHeuristic() { return this.heuristic; } //accessor method for goal member public char [][] getGoal() { return this.goal; } //accessor method for frontier member public Tree<EightPuzzle> getFrontier() { return frontier; } //accessor method for moves member public ArrayList<Character> getMoves() { return this.moves; } //entry point public static void main(String [] args) { //EightPuzzle for h1 EightPuzzle p1 = new EightPuzzle(new File("in.txt"),"h1"); //solve puzzle with heuristic 1 and save it in pathH1 ArrayList<EightPuzzle> pathH1 = p1.solvePuzzle(); System.out.println("Solving with heuristic h1: \n"); final int SIZEH1 = pathH1.size(); for(int i = 0; i < SIZEH1;i++)//print pathH1 { System.out.println("Step " + i + ":"); System.out.println(pathH1.get(i)); } //EightPuzzle for h2 EightPuzzle p2 = new EightPuzzle(new File("in.txt"),"h2"); //solve puzzle with heuristic 2 and save it in pathH2 ArrayList<EightPuzzle> pathH2 = p2.solvePuzzle(); System.out.println("\nSolving with heurstic h2: \n"); final int SIZEH2 = pathH2.size(); for(int i = 0; i < SIZEH2; i++)//print pathH2 { System.out.println("Step "+ i + ":"); System.out.println(pathH2.get(i)); } //write the results to out.txt EightPuzzle.writeResultsToFile("out.txt", pathH1,pathH2); } /* Writes the results for heuristics 1 and 2 to a textfile specified by the * string file. */ public static void writeResultsToFile(String file, ArrayList<EightPuzzle> pathH1,ArrayList<EightPuzzle> pathH2) { try { BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file)); final int SIZEH1 = pathH1.size(); final int SIZEH2 = pathH2.size(); out.write("Solving with heuristic h1: \n\n"); for(int i = 0;i < SIZEH1;i++)//write h1 results to file { out.write("Step " + i + ":\n"); out.write(pathH1.get(i) + "\n"); } out.write("\nSolving with heuristic h2: \n\n"); for(int i = 0;i < SIZEH2;i++)//write h2 results to file { out.write("Step " + i + ":\n"); out.write(pathH2.get(i) + "\n"); } out.close();//closed the buffer }catch(IOException E) { E.printStackTrace(); } } /*returns a string representation of the puzzle's initial state and goal state from a textfile. */ public String buildPuzzle(File in) { //for building a string to ouput all at once StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); try//buffered reader reads one line at a time { BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(in)); try { String line = null; while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { sb.append(line); sb.append(System.getProperty("line.separator")); } } finally{reader.close();}//close input stream } catch(IOException E)//if file not found { E.printStackTrace(); } return sb.toString(); } /* * Initializes the char 2-d array puzzle and goal. The string "puzzles" * contains the initial state, which is initialized to puzzle array, and * the goal state is separated by a blank line and is initialized to the * goal array */ public void initialize(String puzzles) { CharacterIterator iter = new StringCharacterIterator(puzzles); int row = 0;//row index for puzzle and goal int column = 0;//column index for puzzle and goal char c; //stop iterating when row and column is equal to 3 so we can assign goal //after done with puzzle assignment for(c = iter.first();(row!=3&& column !=3);c=iter.next()) { //if c is a digit or 'B', save it in puzzle if(Character.isDigit(c) || c == 'B') { this.puzzle[row][column] = c; if(column<2) column++; else { row++; column = 0;//reset column, new line } } } row=column=0;//reset row and column to zero for(c = iter.next();(row!=3&&column!=3);c=iter.next()) { //if c is a digit or 'B', save it in goal if(Character.isDigit(c) || c == 'B') { this.goal[row][column] = c; if(column < 2) column++; else { row++; column = 0;//reset column, new line } } } } /* Find the possible moves for the current state of the puzzle, finds the * row and column indices of 'B' in the EightPuzzle and adds the * elements at compatible positions that can be swapped with 'B' to the * moves member. */ public void getPossibleMoves() { //row and column index of 'B' in puzzle int row=0; int column=0; //find index of 'B' in for(int i = 0; i < 3;i++) for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { if(puzzle[i][j] == 'B') { row = i; column = j; break;//break out of loop, found 'B' } } //if 'B' is at [0][0], these are the two characters(digits) that it //can be switched with if(row == 0 && column == 0) { moves.add(puzzle[1][0]); moves.add(puzzle[0][1]); } else if(row == 0 && column == 1) { moves.add(puzzle[0][0]); moves.add(puzzle[0][2]); moves.add(puzzle[1][1]); } else if(row == 0 && column == 2) { moves.add(puzzle[0][1]); moves.add(puzzle[1][2]); } else if(row == 1 && column == 0) { moves.add(puzzle[0][0]); moves.add(puzzle[1][1]); moves.add(puzzle[2][0]); } else if(row == 1 && column == 1) { moves.add(puzzle[1][0]); moves.add(puzzle[0][1]); moves.add(puzzle[1][2]); moves.add(puzzle[2][1]); } else if(row == 1 && column == 2) { moves.add(puzzle[1][1]); moves.add(puzzle[0][2]); moves.add(puzzle[2][2]); } else if(row == 2 && column == 0) { moves.add(puzzle[1][0]); moves.add(puzzle[2][1]); } else if(row == 2 && column == 1) { moves.add(puzzle[2][0]); moves.add(puzzle[1][1]); moves.add(puzzle[2][2]); } else if(row == 2 && column == 2) { moves.add(puzzle[2][1]); moves.add(puzzle[1][2]); } } //returns string representation of the puzzle @Override public String toString() { //use to append each object before returning string StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { sb.append(puzzle[i][j]); if(j==2)sb.append("\n");//end of line add a newline character } return sb.toString(); } /* heursitic1() defines the heursitic for the 8 puzzle. It returns how many * misplaced characters are in the 8 puzzle. */ public int heuristic1(char[][] state) { int count = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { if(state[i][j] != goal[i][j])//if the character is misplaced count++; } return count; } /*Returns the sum of the manhattan distance of each misplaced character. *///have not checked if this works public int heuristic2(char [][] state) { //sum will be sum of manhattan distances of all misplaced elements int sum = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)//for loops to find a misplaced element for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { if(state[i][j]!=goal[i][j]) { //for loops for manhattan distance computation for(int m = 0; m < 3; m++) for(int n = 0; n < 3; n++) { if(state[i][j] == goal[m][n]) { sum += (Math.abs((m-i)) +Math.abs((n-j))); } } } } return sum; } /* swaps the 'B' element of the EightPuzzle with c if c is in range '1'-'8'. * finds the row and column indice's of 'B' and c in the puzzle and swaps * the two. */ private EightPuzzle swap(char c) { EightPuzzle p = new EightPuzzle(this); //check if in range if((Character.digit(c, 10) > 0) && (Character.digit(c,10) <9)) { //x is location of row of c, y is column of c, m is row of 'B', //and n is column of 'B' int x,y,m,n; x = y = m = n = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)//find 'B' and c for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { if(p.getPuzzle()[i][j] == 'B') { m = i; n = j; } if(p.getPuzzle()[i][j] == c) { x = i; y = j; } } //found positions of 'B' and c, so now we swap p.puzzle[m][n] = c; p.puzzle[x][y] = 'B'; } else System.out.println("Illegal move, \'" + c +"\' is out of range!"); return p; } /* Check if the current state is the goal state. * Checks each element to see if it matches goal[row][column] * if one element does not match, it returns false immediately, * if all match it returns true. */ public boolean goalCheck() { for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { if(puzzle[i][j] != goal[i][j]) return false; } return true; } /* solvePuzzle(String heuristic), solves the EightPuzzle using the A* * search algorithm with the heuristic denoted by the string passed in. * open is an ArrayList for the nodes that haven't been examined. closed * is an ArrayList for the nodes that have been examined. path holds all of * the nodes stored in order, so the path can be returned as the solution * to the EightPuzzle. the initial state is added to the open list. while * open isn't empty, items are dequeued from the sorted open list. open is * sorted by increasing heursitic values, and sorted by the method defined * by the heuristic passed in. The node examined is added to path, it is * tested to see if it is the goal state, if so path is returned. Otherwise, * The examined node is added to the closed list, the neighbor nodes are * added to the frontier with getNeighborNodes(). gcost is updated because * we are at a new level in the frontier. this is updated with * node.getData().puzzle and node.getData().moves so the program will not * use the moves and puzzle from the initial state. if the child node is in * the open or closed list with a greater cost than gcost, the cost is * updated in open or closed list. If the child is not in either list, it * is added to the open list and the while loop continues until we find a * solution or the open list runs out. */ public ArrayList<EightPuzzle> solvePuzzle() { //Nodes that haven't been examined yet ArrayList<Node<EightPuzzle>> open = new ArrayList<Node<EightPuzzle>>(); //Nodes that have been examined ArrayList<Node<EightPuzzle>> closed = new ArrayList <Node<EightPuzzle>>(); //Nodes that have been explored, will contain path to goal ArrayList<EightPuzzle> path = new ArrayList<EightPuzzle>(); //keep track of how far down tree we are for comparing gcost's of nodes int gcost = 0; //add the root node to the open ArrayList open.add(frontier.getRoot()); while(!open.isEmpty()) { //sort by best(lowest cost) e(n) = g(n)+h(n) open = sort(open); Node<EightPuzzle> node = new Node<EightPuzzle> (new EightPuzzle(open.get(0).getData())); //this level is STEPCOST + node's gcost //gcost = STEPCOST + node.getgcost(); this.puzzle = node.getData().puzzle;//update this this.moves = node.getData().getMoves();//update this open.remove(0); path.add(node.getData());//keep track of nodes visited in order closed.add(node);//node has been visited //check if we are at the goal if(node.getData().goalCheck()) return path; else { node.getData().getNeighborNodes(node,open,closed); //this level is STEPCOST + node's gcost //gcost = STEPCOST + node.getgcost(); final int SIZE = node.getNeighbors().size(); for(int i = 0; i < SIZE;i++) { //if node in the open list with greater cost, update it //with the lower cost inListWithGreaterCost(open,node.getNeighbors().get(i)); //if it is in neither list, add it to open //if node in the closed list with greater cost, update it //with the lower cost inListWithGreaterCost(closed,node.getNeighbors().get(i)); if(!in(open,node.getNeighbors().get(i)) && !in(closed, node.getNeighbors().get(i))) open.add(node.getNeighbors().get(i)); } } } return path; } /* in() checks if node is in the ArrayList list. Each individual Node in the * list is checked by counting how many elements are the same as node for * that node in the list. If the count is 9, which means all elements are * the same, in returns true, otherwise we keep going until count = 9 or * the list runs out and in returns false when the list runs out because no * match */ private boolean in(ArrayList<Node <EightPuzzle>> list, Node<EightPuzzle> node) { int count = 0; final int SIZE = list.size(); for(int i = 0; i < SIZE;i++) {//check if this element of list is equal to node for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++) for(int k = 0; k < 3; k++) if(list.get(i).getData().puzzle[j][k] == node.getData().puzzle[j][k]) count++; if(count == 9)//the node is in list return true; }//if not in list return false; } /* inListWithGreaterCost() starts out like in() by checking to see if it * is in list. If it is in the list the index is saved and the node at that * index's gcost is compared to the gcost passed in. If it is less than the * one passed in it is updated with that value and it's parent is updated * and is added to the frontier with node as the parent. */ private void inListWithGreaterCost(ArrayList <Node<EightPuzzle>> list , Node<EightPuzzle> node) { int index = -1;//will be index of node in list after it is found final int SIZE = list.size(); for(int i = 0;i < SIZE;i++) {//check if this member is in the list first, just like in int count = 0; for(int j = 0 ; j < 3; j++) for(int k = 0; k < 3; k++) { if(list.get(i).getData().puzzle[j][k] == node.getData().puzzle[j][k]) count++; } if(count == 9) {//only difference between in and first part of this function index = i; break; } } if(index == -1)//not found in list return; //if gcost passed in is better than the gcost in the found node //update the gcost of the node in the list with gcost else if(node.getgcost() > list.get(index).getgcost()) { //remove node from current parent node.setgcost(list.get(index).getgcost()); list.set(index,node); //list.remove(index); //list.get(index).getParent().getNeighbors().remove(list.get(index)); //list.get(index).setgcost(gcost);//update gcost of node //list.get(index).setParent(node.getParent());//change the parent to node //append list.get(index) to frontier //frontier.append(node.getParent(),list.get(index)); } return; } /* sort() sorts list in order of increasing e(n). e(n) = h(n) + g(n). * sort's behavior depends on the heuristic string, if "h1", heuristic1() * is used to sort the list. If "h2", heuristic2() is used to sort the list. * This is a bubblesort method. */ public ArrayList<Node<EightPuzzle>> sort(ArrayList<Node<EightPuzzle>> list) { boolean swapped = false; do { swapped = false; final int SIZE = list.size(); for(int i = 0; i < SIZE-1;i++) {//if(e(ni) > e(ni+1) swap them if((list.get(i).getData().getHeuristic() + list.get(i).getgcost()) > (list.get(i+1).getData().getHeuristic() + list.get(i+1).getgcost())) { //swap the two members that are out of place Node<EightPuzzle> temp = new Node<EightPuzzle> (new EightPuzzle(list.get(i).getData())); list.set(i, list.get(i+1)); list.set(i+1,temp);//.setData(new EightPuzzle(temp)); swapped = true; }//else if it is equal, deepest node wins else if((list.get(i).getData().getHeuristic() + list.get(i).getgcost()) == (list.get(i+1).getData().getHeuristic() + list.get(i+1).getgcost())) { if(list.get(i).getgcost() < list.get(i+1).getgcost()) { //swap the two members that are out of place Node<EightPuzzle> temp = new Node<EightPuzzle> (new EightPuzzle(list.get(i).getData())); list.set(i, list.get(i+1)); //list.get(i).setData(new EightPuzzle //(list.get(i+1).getData())); list.set(i+1,temp);//.setData(new EightPuzzle(temp)); swapped = true; } } } }while(swapped); return list; } /* getNeighborNodes() adds the neighbor nodes of node to the frontier(tree). * It is done by traversing the moves element of the EightPuzzle contained * in node and creating a new EightPuzzle by swapping the blank with the * character corresponding to the index in moves. */ private void getNeighborNodes(Node<EightPuzzle> node, ArrayList<Node<EightPuzzle>> open, ArrayList<Node<EightPuzzle>> closed) { final int SIZE = node.getData().getMoves().size(); for(int i = 0; i < SIZE;i++)//traverse node.getData().getMoves { //make a new EightPuzzle by swapping the blank('B') with //the corresponding character in the moves ArrayList inside the //node's EightPuzzle member. EightPuzzle p = new EightPuzzle (swap(node.getData().getMoves().get(i))); //Make a node for the new EightPuzzle Node <EightPuzzle> child = new Node<EightPuzzle>(p); //clear moves because the moves from node's EightPuzzle are copied //to the new EightPuzzle child.getData().moves.clear(); child.getData().getPossibleMoves();//get the available moves if(!in(open,child) && !in(closed,child)){ child.setgcost(STEPCOST + node.getgcost());//set it's gcost frontier.append(node, child);//add to the frontier } } } } import java.util.*; public class Node <E>{ private ArrayList<Node> neighborNodes;//children of this node private E data;//data inside node private Node<E> parent;//parent of this /*gcost is the cost to get to the current level in the tree, must be assigned it's "real value" as tree is constructed*/ private int gcost = 0; /*assign Node's data value with value passed in constructor we don't set gcost, it could be 1 + parent.gcost, but for root, this would not work*/ public Node(E data) { neighborNodes = new ArrayList<Node>(); this.data=data; } /*No data assignment, allocates memory for neighborNodes ArrayList*/ public Node() { neighborNodes = new ArrayList<Node>(); } //accessor method for neighborNodes ArrayList. public List<Node> getNeighbors() { return this.neighborNodes; } //accessor method for gcost public int getgcost() { return gcost; } //method for setting gcost member public void setgcost(int n) { gcost = n; } /*adds n to the neighborNodes ArrayList and sets n's parent to this.*/ public void append(Node<E> n) { n.parent = this; neighborNodes.add(n); } /*Accessor method for the data member*/ public E getData() { return data; } /*method for setting the data for the Node*/ public void setData(E data) { this.data = data; } //accessor method for the parent member public Node<E> getParent() { return this.parent; } //changes the parent of the current node public void setParent(Node<E> parent) { //check if it has a parent, if so remove it from the parents' //neighborNodes ArrayList if(this.parent != null) parent.neighborNodes.remove(this); this.parent = parent; //add this to make it available in the parents neighborNode ArrayList parent.neighborNodes.add(this); } } import java.util.*; public class Tree <E> { private Node<E> root; //constructor: assigns root with data public Tree(E data) { root=new Node(data); } public Tree(){}//empty constructor, no data assignment //accessor method to return the root of the Tree public Node<E> getRoot() { return root; } /* Finds the parent by comparing the toString() value of parent and * the current Node in the frontier and making sure it is the same Node by * comparing the gcost of the parent to the node. If it is, the child is * appended to the parent. The search used is Breadth first search */ public void append(Node<E> parent, Node <E> child) { //Node<E> temp = root; ArrayList<Node<E>> frontier = new ArrayList<Node<E>>(); frontier.add(root); while(!frontier.isEmpty()) { Node<E> N = frontier.get(0);//get a Node frontier.remove(0); if(N.getData().toString().equals(parent.getData().toString()) && N.getgcost() == parent.getgcost())//is this the parent? { parent.append(child);//if yes add child break;//no more work to be done! } final int SIZE = N.getNeighbors().size(); for(int i = 0; i < SIZE;i++)//get neigbors frontier.add(N.getNeighbors().get(i)); } } }


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•Conduct research to provide evidence-based safe medication practices.
Review Date: Friday, January 27, 2012
Founded in 1904, the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) is the impartial professional organization that supports the state boards of pharmacy in protecting public health. NABP aims to ensure the public's health and safety through its pharmacist license transfer and pharmacist competence assessment programs, as well as through its VIPPS, Vet-VIPPS, VAWD, and DMEPOS accreditation programs. NABP's member boards of pharmacy are grouped into eight districts that include all 50 United States, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Australia, eight Canadian provinces, and New Zealand.
Review Date: Tuesday, May 01, 2012
The National Consumers League (NCL) is America's oldest consumer organization, representing consumers and workers on marketplace and workplace issues since our founding in 1899. NCL provides government, businesses, and other organizations with the consumer's perspective on concerns including child labor, privacy, food safety, and medication information. NCL is home to the LifeSmarts program, Child Labor Coalition, NCL's Fraud Center, and SOS Rx Coalition. NCL is a private 501(c)(3) membership organization.
Review Date: Thursday, June 26, 2008
The National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) is a nonprofit research and education organization dedicated to improving patient safety and reducing medical errors in the delivery of health care. The Foundation is comprised of health care practitioners, institutional providers, health product providers, health product manufacturers, researchers, legal advisors, patient/consumer advocates, regulators, and policy makers who are committed to making health care safer for patients.
Review Date: Wednesday, October 14, 2009
The Stevens Johnson Syndrome Foundation (The Julie Foundation) is a nonprofit organization established in 1995, dedicated to bringing public awareness and research to adverse drug reactions that cause Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and TEN (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) through the use of prescription and over the counter medications. The SJS Foundation was founded to be a resource to SJS victims and their families. The organization's mission is to provide support services, and compile and distribute valuable information about SJS to the public and medical professionals regarding treatments and therapies that prove beneficial to SJS sufferers. They work to promote public awareness about the signs of SJS so that a quick diagnosis can be made and the offending drug stopped as soon as possible.
Review Date: Monday, October 05, 2015
USP promotes the public health and benefits practitioners and patients by disseminating authoritative standards and information developed by its volunteers for medicines, other healthcare technologies, and related practices used to maintain and improve health and promote optimal healthcare delivery.
Review Date: Monday, February 09, 2009
Note: Documents in PDF format require the Adobe Acrobat Reader®. If you experience problems with PDF documents, please download the latest version of the Reader®.
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subset: commoncrawl


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|Photo, media and video credentials should be applied
for through the VCU Athletic Communications Office. We require at least 24 hours
notice prior for all requests. Please feel out the form
below and a member of
our staff will contact you.
|Credential Form
This page is designed to assist the media in its coverage of VCU Athletics. If you need information not found or linked on this page, please call the communications office at (804) 828-3440.
VCU Athletics Communications
Sports Medicine Building, Second Floor
PO Box 82003
1300 W. Broad Street
Richmond, VA 23284-2003
Phone: (804) 828-3440
Fax: (804) 828-9248
Covering Practice
Practices are generally closed to the media. Working members of the media are required to contact the athletic communications office for clearance as well as for current practice times and locations. Photographers shooting practice are asked to remain off the court and away from the vicinity of workouts.
Photography credentials will be issued to certified photographers of daily newspapers and television stations in the viewing area of the competing teams. Credentials will not be granted to freelance photographers. Photographers may shoot along the baseline of the Verizon Wireless Arena at the Stuart C. Siegel Center but must stay in the designated photography boxes.
Photographers may not shoot from along the sideline either in front or behind the press/officials tables and must stay clear of free-throw lanes. Credentials will not be issued for equipment handlers. Camera-mounted strobe lights are strictly prohibited.
Postgame Interviews
Both the VCU and visiting locker rooms are located behind the south stands at the Verizon Wireless Arena. VCU head coach Will Wade and selected Rams players will be available for one-on-one interviews after the game.
Media Services
Pregame packets including game notes and statistics will be available in the Terry Sisisky Media Room prior to tipoff. Halftime and final statistics, as well as a running play-by-play, will be provided following the conclusion of the game. Statistical updates will be given to live media during timeouts.
Chris Kowalczyk
Evan Nicely
Hannah Jo Riley
Sport Responsbilities:
Men's Basketball,
Sport Responsbilities:
Sport Responsbilities:
|Responsbilities Include:
Ram Replay, Ram TV and
Ram Radio
|E-mail: email@example.com
|Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
|Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
|E-mail: email@example.com
|Phone: 804-828-8818
|Phone: 804-828-1727
|Phone: 804-828-8496
|Phone: 804-828-2319
|Cell Phone: 330-348-6869
|Cell Phone: 540-330-8755
|Cell Phone: 270-227-6485
|Cell Phone: 804-218-5806
Athletic Communications
Graduate Assistant
Sports Responsibilities:
Men's & Women's Track & Field,
Sports Responsibilities:
Men's & Women's Tennis
|E-mail: email@example.com
|E-mail: email@example.com
|Phone: 804-828-3440
|Phone: 804-828-3440
|Cell Phone:
|Cell Phone:


text:
Shop All Sale
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Hit the road, take to the sky?Away You Go as you assemble this puzzle featuring a collage of travel-inspired ephemera. This 1000-piece jigsaw puzzle measures 19 5/8" x 29 1/2" when complete. A great gift for anyone who loves travelling! Exclusively available for purchase online here at Go! Games and Puzzles. For ages 13+


text:
lindasheltonmartin on Family Tree Circles
sort: Date Alphabetical
view: full | list
view: full | list
Journals and Posts
I am searching for the parents of Melatiah Martin-wife Marilda Porter
My research is stalled with the parents of Melatiah Martin who married Marilda Porter in Mass. Their son Horace Stephen Martin is my husband's ancester. I have found a Melatiah Martin who married a Mary Stephens in Thompson, Conn 22 April 1782, but can't make a connection. Can anyone help? I am always willing to share what I have.
- Displaying 1-1 of 1 Journals
- 1
- of1


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text:
Cornet beats Giorgi to win Katowice Open
KATOWICE, Poland (AP) — Alize Cornet saved a match point before beating Camila Giorgi of Italy 7-6 (3), 5-7, 7-5 Sunday in a three-hour final to win the Katowice Open for her fourth career WTA title.
The Frenchwoman led 5-3 in the second set before dropping four straight games against Giorgi, who was playing her first career tour final. Cornet bounced back by taking a 3-0 lead in the decider but then had another mini-slump as Giorgi won five of the next six games to take a 5-4 lead. The Italian had a match point in the next game, but missed a backhand return as Cornet held and then won the next two games as well.
The match lasted 3 hours, 11 minutes. Cornet said "it was definitely a huge fight."


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Rebar Fixtures
The cold bend fixture consists of a base with two infinitely adjustable supports and a plunger (loading strut). Different size bending pins can be ordered to mount on the loading strut to change the radius of the bend. The fixture is designed to bend steel into a "U" shape bend. The finished bend can be near (but never more than) 180 degrees.
Conforms to ASTM A615, A706, A966A and BS4449. The heavy duty base with adjustable span is designed to perform a nominal 90 / 180 degree bend test on # 3 through # 18 (M8-M50) reinforcement bar (rebar), when used with the appropriate bending pins.
Principe de fonctionnement
The loading strut is mounted in the compression space of a testing machine. The fixture base rests on the machine table and is aligned with the loading strut using a centering pin.
The supports are adjustable to any desired span using a scale that has an origin at the center of the base. Both English and Metric scales are located on the base. The supports clamp to the base by T-slots and use threaded rods to resist deflection during loading. The base is designed to be supported by the machine table or base and can only achieve full capacity when supported with an overhang of 64 mm (2.5 in) or less on each side.
- Type of Loading: compression cold bend
- Specimen Material: steel
- Specimen Types: round, rebar
|Cat #
|Cold Bend Testing Fixture for Steel Reinforcement Bar


text:
Clippers beat Lakers led by Griffin, Paul
LOS ANGELES (AP) With four games left before the playoffs, including one against second-place Oklahoma City, the Los Angeles Clippers are focused on fine-tuning themselves.
Sure, they will take another victory over the Lakers, but as Blake Griffin said, "It doesn't mean that much to us."
Griffin and Chris Paul scored 23 points apiece, and the Clippers hung their third consecutive rout on the Lakers, 120-97 Sunday to take three of four games this season from their beleaguered Staples Center co-tenants.
"Our whole message is to worry about ourselves," Griffin said. "We know who we are. We just want to sharpen the things we do."
It wasn't quite the blowout of the Clippers' previous two wins - 48 points on March 6 and 36 points on Jan. 10 - but they were easily in command as the designated home team.
"They were bigger, talented, and they played better," Lakers coach Mike D'Antoni said.
J.J. Redick added 15 points in his second game back from injury and DeAndre Jordan had 11 points and 12 rebounds for the Pacific Division-winning Clippers, who improved to 32-6 at home while shooting 57 percent.
"It's a game that we expected to win," guard Jared Dudley said. "We got up, went out there and did a good job."
The injury-plagued Lakers were down to just eight players after guard Kent Bazemore got hurt in the second quarter. Jordan Hill led them with 22 points and Nick Young added 18 points off the bench, where there were plenty of empty seats. Jodie Meeks had 17 points.
"It's one of those years," forward Wesley Johnson said. "It's tough to fight through it."
The Lakers' lone win in the series, a 116-103 victory on opening night, came well before they lost Kobe Bryant and their season rapidly went downhill as the Clippers surged under new coach Doc Rivers.
The Lakers lost their fourth in a row overall, seventh straight on the road, and 10th in 13 games for their 52nd defeat of the season.
Having built a 22-point lead, the Clippers' starters rested in the fourth, having already had two days off since their previous game.
"It's nice to win when guys have relatively low minutes," Rivers said.
Hedo Turkoglu roused his teammates with a driving dunk in the final three minutes.
"That might be the top team moment this year," Griffin said. "I've never seen him move that fast or jump that high."
The Clippers reeled off eight straight points to open the third, including four by Griffin, for a 65-49 lead. Jordan dunked back-to-back, Paul made two 3-pointers, and Griffin hit 3 of 4 free throws, extending the lead to 84-65.
It grew bigger with a 10-3 spurt that sent the Clippers into the fourth leading 94-72.
The Clippers shot 62 percent and outscored the Lakers 37-23 in the third.
Young scored the first five points of the second quarter, giving the Lakers a two-point lead, their first of the game. They kept it close over the next 4 1/2 minutes before the Clippers used a 19-12 run to lead 57-49 at halftime. Griffin had eight points and Paul six in the team's first extended offensive burst of the game.
Notes: The Lakers said Bazemore sprained his right foot and will undergo an MRI on Monday. ... The Lakers were already thin, with Pau Gasol (vertigo), Steve Nash (nerve root irritation), Chris Kaman (strained right calf), Jordan Farmar (strained right groin), Xavier Henry (ligament, wrist and knee injuries), and Bryant sidelined. ... Paul and Redick started their 18th game in the backcourt together, but first since Nov. 27, with injuries having sidelined both at various times. ... Clippers F Danny Granger sat out with a strained left hamstring, while G Jamal Crawford remains out with a strained left calf. ... Paul McCartney and wife Nancy took in the game sitting midway up from the court.


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|'Aqua Blue Rim' drinking glasses (set of 6)
|Confetti rocks tumbler (set of 6)
|Large mexican friendship bracelet with golden hooks clasp - Style LH0010
Small Mexican friendship bracelet with golden hooks clasp - Style SH0002Unique hand woven bracelets that reflect the colorful mexican culture while keeping it chic. From the beach, to the bar, from the mountain, to the club, these bohemian art pieces are right for every occasion.
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text:
The Ministry of National Defense (MND) yesterday for the first time publicly confirmed that its US$1.3 billion long-range early-warning radar (EWR) system in Hsinchu was operational and said it had tracked a highly controversial rocket launch shortly after it blasted off in North Korea.
In a statement, the ministry said it closely monitored the launch and that the rocket's flight did not pose any threat to national security.
"Our long-range early-warning radar system detected the North Korean rocket flying over waters about 200km east of Taiwan, and that the first and second stages of the rocket crashed into waters off South Korea and the Philippines respectively," the ministry said in a statement.
Ministry spokesman Major General David Lo (羅紹和) said Chief of General Staff General Lin Chen-yi (林鎮夷) was charged with monitoring the situation at Hengshan Headquarters during the launch, adding that US-made Patriot missiles, domestically built Tien Kung air defense systems and Kidd-class destroyers equipped with surface-to-air missiles monitored the launch and were ready to respond.
This was the first time the ministry mentioned the radar system, which was built by US-based Raytheon Corp, as being operational. To date, the military has revealed few technical details about the radar installation, known as the "Anpang Project," at Leshan (樂山) in Hsinchu County.
Lo later said that the radar system was formally inaugurated on Tuesday and has been operational since.
The installation's development began in 1999, when US defense officials stressed the importance of Taiwan having early-warning capabilities to track Chinese missiles.
Following a series of debates in the legislature, a US$800 million request by the ministry was granted in November 2003 to fund one EWR site. In March the following year, a notification to US Congress made provisions for two EWR systems for US$1.8 billion, but in June 2005, Taiwan signed a US$752 million contract with Raytheon for only one radar system, with delivery in 2009, the Congressional Research Service said in its annual report on US arms sales to Taiwan, released last month.
Despite reports alleging that the current administration had abandoned plans to acquire a second EWR system, the decision not to do so was made in 2007, with industry sources saying it may have occurred as early as 2003.
From the onset, the program was plagued by a series of delays and cost overruns, bringing the total bill to about US$1.37 billion after three requests for additional funding.
Critics of the program have said Taiwan has paid far more than other US allies for such capabilities and accused Washington of using the EWR as a "money pit."
Described as the most powerful EWR installation on the face of the planet, Taiwan's radar can simultaneously track as many as 1,000 airborne targets the size of a golf ball within a range of 3,000km. The system can also track aircraft and may have the ability to monitor targets at sea, though there are doubts that the satellite-tracking is active.
The radar's reach will give Taiwan a six-minute warning of a missile launch by China. Although defense officials have refused to confirm this publicly, Taiwan will likely share some of the data acquired through the radar with US forces based in the Pacific.
A spokesman for President Ma Ying-jeou (馬英九) quoted him as saying that Pyongyang's launch was "unwise" and created regional tensions.


text:
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text:
BTRG_MikeMartin You must increase control of wasteful data even with Big Data Management, archive/retire & dispose. Big Data doesn't change retention. Keep the data you need, get rid of the rest . You can't afford to keep it all. Big Data is not immune to the laws of information economics. You must increase control of wasteful data even w Big Datamgmt, archive/retire & dispose. Infosphere Optim helps you get control of structured data to feed only the good into Big Datamgmt.
- Reduce IT, Legal and Compliance costs through Value Based Archiving and Defensible Disposal
- InfoSphere Optim Data Lifecycle Management Solutions: Manage data from requirements through retirement to promote business driven governance
PPB13 How do practitioners overcome emerging skepticism in the marketplace?
BTRG_MikeMartin Without good data stewardship & Big Datamgmt it will difficult to unlock the value of big data. To deal with Big Data, speed, and volume: be proactive by starting Big Data Management across the enterprise now & maintain. Start now on data quality because if you don't have it in now Big Data only magnifies data issues.
BTRG_MikeMartin For more Big Datamgmt resources Data Privacy and Security. Exploring Big Data still requires trusted data so you must secure and govern even more so.
craigmullins Big Data refers to datasets whose size, type and speed of creation make it impractical to process and analyze with traditional tools. That Big Data definition comes from wikibon; see Big Data Vendor Revenue and Market Forecast 2012-2017. So given that, definitionally then, traditional concepts are at the very least "impractical"… no?
BTRG_MikeMartin You can't make good business decisions on bad data.
BTRG_MikeMartin Data governance is critical in the Big Data management era as it makes small problems bigger. You need data quality to enable Biginsights
searchCIO Metadata practices are gaining momentum as companies tackle Big Data.
searchCIO Data Quality is essential to master Big Data Management
dvellante Perspectives from a former CIO on the importance of data quality
furrier Dirty data equals poor user experience. I wrote about it in 2009 re: twitter facebook & social data
craigmullins Consider non-intrusive data governance; see this article by my friend Bob Seiner
What great resources! For our next tweetchat, we'd like to build a reading list that is sent out prior to the chat. Wednesday, March 15: Topic: Mobile Challenges for the Enterprise. Stay tuned for more information about this event.
To find out more about managing big data, join IBM for a free event on April 30: Big Data at the Speed of Business
See also:
What are you sacrificing for the promise of big data?
Recap of Tweetchat: "Getting Control of Data in Big Data Era"
Part 2: Recap of Tweetchat: "Getting Control of Data in Big Data Era"
What is a Tweetchat and why should you join us?
Big Data & Database Technology


text:
As Metro Vancouverites lounged in the weekend sun, over 150 enthusiastic programmers spent a manic 48 hours together at the Centre for Digital Media creating mini video games featuring strong female protagonists in a medium where women are often non-existent or hypersexualized.
At the end of the "game jam," about 40 teams of programmers and artists — suffering from varying degrees of sleep deprivation or excess pizza consumption — showcased their simple games featuring lesbian rodeo champions, women of colour and even a rocket-launching heroine in a wheelchair.
It is the dearth of women characters in traditional video games that led Vancouver-based digital artist Akari Nakashige to help her boyfriend Alex McGilvray's team design the character of Athena, a feisty girl trying to regain her place as the protagonist in a fictional video game after game developers replaced her with a male character.
"When I play a game I always choose the girl characters, so I thought it would be fun making (them)," Nakashige said.
Team member Jason Bolanos said he agreed with the mission of the game jam, but didn't think most gamers purposely discriminated against titles with female protagonists.
"To most gamers the way it works is: you got a good game, you play the game," Bolanos said. "You don't really care whether the character's male or female, as long as they kick ass in that game."
Their project, Game Changer, was a tongue-in-cheek indictment of an industry still reluctant to cast female characters in lead roles, McGilvray said.
"At the end of the game, once you win, the game is released without (the programmer's) knowledge with the female protagonist back in there," McGilvray said. "And it's more profitable than they expected in the first place."
Kimberly Voll, a senior professor in the Masters of Digital Media Program at the Centre for Digital Media, said she was inspired to create the event after becoming incensed by an online article she read in March that quoted an industry insider as saying that video games with strong, female lead characters will not sell.
The thirst for such characters was so great that once word got out, satellite game jams were set up in Denver, San Francisco, Boston and San Diego and programmers from as far away as Germany and Brazil participated, Voll said.
About 40 per cent of all the participants at the event on the Great Northern Way campus were women, she added.
"There's nothing intrinsically male or female about games, we all play, we all enjoy games," Voll said. "Our main mandate is to increase representation, increase awareness of these kinds of issues.
"Even if industry can be risk-averse and respond to perceived market pressures, we can, as a community, step up and say when we think they're off base — and we're willing to work 48 hours to produce content to show otherwise."
About 30 per cent of graduates from the Centre for Digital Media find work in the gaming sector after graduation.
All of the submitted games from the weekend jam can be played for free at http://jam.iamagamer.ca/submissions.


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Skip navigation
Sunday, February 19th 2012, 9:27pm
This post has been edited 1 times, last edit by "RMSCANADA" (Feb 19th 2012, 9:28pm)
Thursday, February 23rd 2012, 11:28am
Thursday, February 23rd 2012, 6:17pm
Quotedbased on what I've seen of their navigational "skills" and seamanship I'm surprised they even made it to the Southern Hemisphere in the first place.
Quotedthey would have been arrested as pirates a long time ago
The Shadow
Thursday, February 23rd 2012, 6:27pm
QuotedOriginally posted by Rooijen10
You call 'em pirates, I call 'em eco terrorists.
Mad Scientist at Work
Thursday, February 23rd 2012, 7:07pm
The Chosen One
Monday, March 7th 2016, 10:20am
Monday, March 7th 2016, 3:53pm
QuotedWhen you use a ship such as Ady Gil in the way that she was on her last voyage I don't call it bravely fighting for whales, I call it willful stupidity.
QuotedI think I'd prefer watching Kanye West make another self agrandizing comment on t.v. rather than watch another clip of the sea sheperds talk tough and crash another sexy boat into the bow of another ship.
QuotedIt was signed by 15 nations in Washington, D.C. on 2 December 1946[3] and took effect on 10 November 1948. Its protocol (which represented the first substantial revision of the convention and extended the definition of a "whale-catcher" to include helicopters as well as ships) was signed in Washington on 19 November 1956.
Ex chaos ordo
Monday, March 7th 2016, 4:48pm
Quoted... looking at Wesworld, do you think that the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling has taken place here?
The Shadow
Monday, March 7th 2016, 5:20pm
Monday, March 7th 2016, 5:40pm
The Chosen One
Tuesday, March 8th 2016, 7:12am
Ugly Aircraft, Inc
Tuesday, March 8th 2016, 9:29am
Forum Software: Burning Board® Lite 2.1.2 pl 1, developed by WoltLab® GmbH


text:
The cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) looks like a Lady in White when she perches on catmint.
The colors are striking: A long, flowing white gown nestled among the rich lavender blossoms and earthy green leaves.
UC Davis Butterfly expert Art Shapiro says this insect flies an average of 44 weeks of the year in the Davis-Sacramento area. It seems to particularly love the catmint in our garden.
Last night, however, it was flying in our kitchen.
There is no catmint in the kitchen.
There is only a cat.
The confused butterfly probably entered the kitchen through an open door--or the cat door.
My mission: Rescue the butterfly bouncing around in the kitchen and let it go before the cat, aka Xena the Warrior Princess, developed a culinary interest in it.
Mission accomplished.
Back to the catmint it went. I did not take it to Shapiro and ask "Did I win?"
You see, every year Shapiro sponsors a cabbage white contest in the Davis-Sacramento area. The first person who delivers a cabbage white to him, starting the first of the year, wins a pitcher of beer. The contest always ends in January or February.
"Almost every year," he says, "someone brings one in May or June and asks 'Did I win?'"
No losers this time, though. The Lady in White won.
She won the how-to-get-out-of-the-kitchen-unscathed-and-back-to-the-catmint contest.
Author - Communications specialist
Attached Images:
Cabbage White


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Posts Tagged 'British'
Ok, so I was realizing that I had not made a post in a while, so I am coming out of my sleep deprived, test fogged brain state to write a new one for you guys.
I have no idea how much anyone has read or had been following about the British Airlines going on strike, but yesterday, at least I think it was, the British airlines went on a complete strike. I am not sure what about, or what they are wanting…I probably should go research that….but they are not operational at this point. I first heard about it because I follow Tom Felton, the British actor who plays Draco Malfoy in Harry Potter, on Twitter. he tweeted earlier in the day that he was stuck in the airport because his flight might be canceled. Then about an hour later, he tweeted again that he was definitely stuck because British airlines had gone on strike and how there was no way he could get to Miami now. Of course I felt for him in his situation…
Then to top that whole twitter news source off, I also follow the website moviemistakes.com (which is one of the best websites ever might I add) and this is what they tweeted a few hours ago putting in their comment about the strike. "I hope plenty of postmen were intending to fly British Airways this Christmas. See how they like it." I thought that was genius and thought I needed to share.
Second topic, finals and the end of semester. Those who are in college or who remember that time in their life should remember the experience of this time of the year….You are excited about the holiday season, going home to see your family, and of course the semester ending, but you just wish it did not have to come with final projects and exams. This is where I am at right now. It is driving me crazy. I am taking 18 credits this fall, and our exam schedule starts…well tomorrow morning actually, and goes until Friday. So we have all semester to freak out, and then it is over in the span of three days. Am I the only one who finds this odd? Oh well.
So….because it is the last few days, I cannot think of anything else to talk about at this point, so I will sign off for now. I hope my readers have a Merry Christmas and enjoy the time with their families. I will post again after the new years…so Happy New Year as well 😀


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1st of the AstroPulse v6 v6.01 my system done took Run time (sec) 287,726.04 CPU time (sec) 254,638.80 and got 909.91 Credit for ap_26my11aa_B1_P1_00232_20120329_06100.wu.
Nice credit for the about 80 hours it took on my old slow AMD XP-M on just DDR memory.
That's about 273 credit per day, which is about 2 times I get for the other type of work units.
The other work unit also a AstroPulse v6 v6.01 is pending waiting on my wingman, it's run time(sec) is 300,789.06 and CPU time (sec) 264,263.00, maybe will get about 944 credit.
So you guys with them fast systems, should check the box on SETI@home preferences for AstroPulse v6 for better recent average credit (RAC) and help PC Perspective Killer Frogs stats.
edit: 3rd workunit done ap_26dc11ab_B5_P1_00342_20120402_14887.wu Run time (sec) 304,096.78 CPU time (sec) 240,471.60 Credit 617.90 (guess credit are random)


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|Wading River, N.Y.
|High School:
|Shoreham-Wading River
Career Highs
Goals: 2 (twice, most recent vs. Dartmouth, 5/6/11)
Assists: 1 (several times)
Points: 3 (Yale, 3/26/11)
Ground Balls: 2 (several times)
Draw Controls: 3 (Columbia, 4/23/11)
Caused turnovers: 1 (twice)
Freshman · 2011
Started in all 16 games … Sixth on the team in goals (10) and points (13) and fourth in assists (3) … Won eight draws, collected 17 ground balls and caused two turnovers this season… Scored two goals and had an assist in win over Yale … Also had two goals in Harvard's upset of No. 10 Dartmouth in the Ivy League tournament.
Before Harvard
Three-year letterwinner in lacrosse at Shoreham Wading and two-year letter-winner at Guilderland High School … Played three seasons of soccer … Captained lacrosse team as a senior … Academic All-American … Honorable mention All-American as a senior … Earned second-team All-Suffolk County as a sophomore and first-team as a junior … Member of the 2007 and 2008 Adirondack Empire State Lacrosse team … Member of the 2009 Under Armour Underclassmen New York Team and the National Tournament New York Team 1 … As an eighth grader helped Shoreham Wading River to New York state semifinals … Helped Guilderland to state quarterfinals as a freshman and semifinals as a sophomore … Won state Class C championship for Shoreham Wading as a junior and senior … Selected by U.S. Lacrosse to play in the 2010 Champion High School Showcase televised on ESPN …Member of the National Honor Society.


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Moderator: Cartographers
Boler wrote:Interesting game play, it looks like it would work, but you would need a better opinion than mine for that.
Besides that, for a start I would make the warrior group's areas who have 3 warriors a shade darker than the ones with 2 warriors. It would make it easier to judge bonuses.
And the tree layer should be above the *rocks on edge of river* layer. One tree is underneath the rocks.
Dibbler wrote:This looks very interesting and look forward to seeing this get done. Quick question for better understanding. What do you mean by degrading neutrals? Do you mean after they are taken they degrade as per normal or is there some other plan that you have?
natty_dread wrote:Well, for a first draft this looks pretty good. Which graphics software are you using?
natty_dread wrote:The first thing that I would advise is to get rid of all the line connections and replace them with territories & borders. Seriously, it's like a mess of lines there, making for a very confusing look, and you need to simplify this a lot - when I say simplify I don't mean the gameplay, but the visual look of the map... you need to make the map easier to read, and eliminating that criss-cross of lines is a good first step towards that.
natty_dread wrote:Secondly, you have lots of pixelated lines. Depending on what software you're using, it may or may not be easy to fix.
natty_dread wrote:Thirdly... you have the right idea with using textures on the map, but they will need some work. Especially the canvas effect on the right/upper right of the map - the left side looks like it's trying to imitate grassland terrain, so why would you have a paper/canvas type texture on the right? The cork texture on the legend is pretty nice though. But why is there a bare slab of grey in the middle? It looks bland compared to the rest of the map.
Anyway, keep on working, there's good potential here.
natty_dread wrote:You can have troops decaying by any amount, but it only works down to 1 troop, and it doesn't affect neutral troops, only player troops. The territory can start neutral, but the neutrals won't decay, only the player troops will after the territory is conquered.
Alternatively you can have killer neutrals, which are territories that reset to neutral at the beginning of your next turn.
koontz1973 wrote:Any tips to help solve this problem or a point in the right direction would be gratefully accepted.
koontz1973 wrote:Your aims/design style: To design a map that people like. Design style is old school. To many complicated maps coming out of the foundry.
Uniqueness: Nothing inherently unique, but it is a well known small scale battle that took place over a very limited area.
Dukasaur wrote:koontz1973 wrote:Your aims/design style: To design a map that people like. Design style is old school. To many complicated maps coming out of the foundry.
It's "Too many" not "To many" Other than that, very true...Uniqueness: Nothing inherently unique, but it is a well known small scale battle that took place over a very limited area.
And the scene of one of the greatest war movies ever made! I would mention that in the intro, for those who don't immediately get it.
I think the term "killer neutrals" needs to be replaced with something else. Define the area and show it in the legend. Most of us know what a killer neutral is, but a map is supposed to give all relevant information even to a person who has never played before.
Dukasaur wrote:It's "Too many" not "To many" Other than that, very true...
dagdam0r wrote:I believe it wats the battle of "Rorke's drift" and not "Rourke's drift", and it's not the battle with most victoria's crosses, it's the battle with most victoria's crosses for a single regiment (7)
koontz1973 wrote:But I take your point and have changed the wording a bit to stop confusion. I wanted it in as it is a remarkable feet but if anyone can come up with a better wording, I will put it in.
koontz1973 wrote:Dukasaur wrote:It's "Too many" not "To many" Other than that, very true...
The use of too or to is subjective. To use too, it applies that it is in the extreme. There are complicated maps coming out of the foundry but there are still some very nice classical game play ones coming to.
Bruceswar wrote:your legend font is hard to read if you ask me.
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Larry King read a message from Jenny's "mate" on his show:
"Vaccines are more of a profit engine than a means of prevention. And that's why there are so many vaccines."Since when did Jim Carrey become an expert on anything in the medical world? On vaccines? On Autism? I realize he is the "Autism Whisperer," but wow, never realized he had received his PhD. To that point, why is anyone listening to a ditsy Playboy model? And, David Kirby, a PR person, again, not a physician or scientist. Really makes you wonder...
Jenny herself may need some medication (or perhaps she should try the GFCF diet, chelation, HBOT??). You don't go on Larry King, scream "bulls**t" to respected physicians, ranting and raving. Her voice is shaky, she really needs to sip some water and take a deep breath. I too get very emotional over my child. I have to really prepare myself prior to her IEP meetings. I bring a bottle of water, take slow deep breaths, read some inspirational quotes I have written in my notebook, and look at her picture I bring in with me. I remind myself continually to remain calm, regardless. I realize I will look like a raving lunatic if I lose my cool. I also am aware that if I get emotional and go off-course, nothing will get accomplished.
She wants measles over autism, any day??? Wow, is all I can say. She's been brainwashed by the conspiracy theorists, she is insisting that all the multiple studies on vaccines are whack, demanding an independent study.
Jim & Jenny are marching on June 4 for Generation Rescue/TACA Now, in Washington D.C. Joy. Gives new meaning to Dumb and Dumber. I'm curious if the walk in Atlanta, against the CDC is still on? I hope so, otherwise my plane ticket will go to waste (sarcasm!).


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kidzsearch.com > wiki Explore:images videos games
United Kingdom
|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
"God Save the Queen"[note 1]
Location of United Kingdom (dark green)
– on the European continent (green & dark grey)
and largest city
|Official languages
|Recognised regional languages
|Irish, Ulster Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Scots, Welsh, Cornish[note 2]
|Ethnic groups (2001
See: UK ethnic groups list[4])
|92.1% White
4.0% South Asian
2.0% Black
1.2% Mixed race
0.4% Chinese
0.4% Other
|British or Briton
|Unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
|Elizabeth II
|Prime Minister
|David Cameron MP
|Upper house
|House of Lords
|Lower house
|House of Commons
|Acts of Union 1707
|1 May 1707
|Acts of Union 1800
|1 January 1801
|Anglo-Irish Treaty
|12 April 1922
|243,610 km2 (80th)
94,060 sq mi
|Water (%)
|2012 estimate
|63,705,000[5] (22nd)
|2011 census
|255.6/km2 (51st)
661.9/sq mi
|2014 estimate
|$2.497 trillion[7] (8th)
|Per capita
|$38,710[7] (21st)
|GDP (nominal)
|2014 estimate
|$2.827 trillion[7] (6th)
|Per capita
|$43,829[7] (24th)
|Gini (2012)
|▼ 32.8[8]
medium · 33rd
| 0.875[9]
very high · 26th
|Pound sterling (
|Time zone
|Summer (DST)
|Date format
|dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
|Drives on the
|left[note 3]
|Calling code
|Internet TLD
|.uk[note 4]
|A second coat of arms is used in Scotland.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, called the United Kingdom, GB or UK, is a sovereign state in Western Europe. It is made up of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.[10] It is a member of the European Union, the United Nations, the Commonwealth, NATO and the G8. It has the sixth largest economy in the world.[11][12]
About 63 million people live in the UK.[6] Most people in the UK speak English. There are five native languages other than English. They are Welsh in Wales, Gaelic and Scots in Scotland and Northern Ireland, Irish in Northern Ireland, and Cornish in Cornwall.
Between the 17th and mid 20th-centuries Britain was an important world power. It became a colonial empire that controlled large areas of Africa, Asia, North America and Oceania.[13] Today this empire does not exist, although Britain keeps links with most countries of its former empire.
Some well-known cities in the UK are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast, Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, York and Glasgow.
Archaeological remains show that the first group of people to live in the British Isles were hunter-gatherers after the last ice age ended. The date is not known: perhaps as early as 8000BC but certainly by 5000BC. They built mesolithic wood and stone monuments. Stonehenge was built between 3000 and 1600BC.[14] Later, Celtic tribes arrived from mainland Europe. Britain was a changing collection of tribal areas, with no overall leader. Julius Caesar tried to invade (take over) the island in 55BC but was not able to do so. The Romans successfully invaded in 43AD.[15]
- See also: History of the United Kingdom
History begins when there is a written record. Writing, like so much else, was brought to Britain by the Romans. Rome ruled in Britain from 44AD to 410AD, but they only ruled England and Wales. The Romans never ruled Scotland north of the Clyde-Forth valley, or Ireland; their northern boundary varied from time to time, and was marked for a while at Hadrian's Wall.
After the Romans, two waves of immigrants came to Britain. The first were German tribes: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. English, the language, is a development from Anglo-Saxon Old English, and is a Germanic language. The second were the Vikings.
Britain unified
After a long period when England was split into various kingdoms, it was finally made into one country by Æthelstan (Athelstan) in 945AD. England and Wales were unified by Edward I (Longshanks) by force in the 13th century. This union is known as Britain.
Union with Scotland took much longer; there were hundreds of years of conflicts between the two countries. This union is known as Great Britain. In 1603, when Queen Elizabeth I of England died, her closest relative was King James VI of Scotland. He became king of England as well as king of Scotland, but the two countries stayed separate. In 1707, the Scottish and English Parliaments agreed the Treaty of Union, which joined the two countries into one country called The Kingdom of Great Britain under Queen Anne.
By 1800, both Scotland and England had already independently had much influence over Ireland for over 600 years. In that year laws were passed in Great Britain and Ireland to merge the two states. The new country was called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 much of Ireland became independent as the Irish Free State (now called Ireland) from the United Kingdom. However, six northern counties (called Northern Ireland) continue to be part of the United Kingdom. The country was renamed The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The British people today are ruled by Parliament, not by monarchs. Parliament started a thousand years ago as an advisory body for the monarch, but by the 17th century it had gained enough power to successfully defeat Charles I, in the English Civil War. Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector. Though the monarchy was restored after his death, the Crown slowly became the secondary power, and Parliament the first. Members of Parliament (called MPs) were elected, but until the early twentieth century, only men who owned property could vote. In the nineteenth century, more people were given suffrage (the right to vote), but even so, by 1900, women could not vote, and only 40% of men were rich enough to vote. But in 1928, all adults, male and female, got the vote: this is called universal suffrage.
Parliament is in London, but it has power over the whole of the UK. Today, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland each have their own parliaments as well, but they have more limited powers. There are also parliaments in the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, which are islands that are partly controlled by the UK, and partly independent.
The members of Parliament belong to political parties: the biggest parties are the Labour Party, the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats. Members of the same party agree to act and vote more or less together. A party with more than half the seats (a majority) forms the government; the leader of the party becomes the Prime Minister, who then appoints other ministers. Because the government has a majority in Parliament, it can normally control what laws are passed.
Major languages spoken in the United Kingdom other than English include Polish (500,000 - approximate number of speakers in the United Kingdom), Eastern Panjabi or Punjabi (471,000), Bengali (400,000), Urdu (400,000), Cantonese (300,000), Greek (200,000), Southwestern Caribbean Creole English (170,000).[16]
The UK is made up of four different countries: Wales, England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The capital city of Wales is Cardiff. The capital city of England is London. The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh and the capital city of Northern Ireland is Belfast. Other large cities in the UK are Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle upon Tyne, Leeds, Sheffield, Glasgow, Southampton, Leicester, Coventry, Bradford and Nottingham.
The UK is north-west off the coast of mainland Europe. Around the UK are the North Sea, the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean. The UK also rules, usually indirectly, a number of smaller places (mostly islands) round the world, which are known as overseas territories. They are remnants of the once great British Empire.
The weather of the United Kingdom is changeable and unpredictable. Summers are moderately warm, winters are cool to cold. Rain falls throughout the year, and more on the west than the east. The reasons include its northerly latitude and the warm water from the Atlantic Ocean's Gulf Stream. The usually moderate prevailing winds from the Atlantic may be interrupted by Arctic air from the north-east or, less often, hot air from the Sahara.
The UK is a parliamentary democracy based on a constitutional and hereditary monarchy. The people of the United Kingdom vote for a members of Parliament to speak for them and to make laws for them. Queen Elizabeth II is the queen of the UK and is the head of state. Even though she is the head of state, she does not actually govern the country. The government, led by the Prime Minister, governs the country and decides policy. Today, the Prime Minister is David Cameron, who is the leader of the Conservative party.
Parliament is where laws are made. It has three parts: the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the Queen. The House of Commons is the most powerful part. It is where Members of Parliament sit. The Prime Minister sits here as well, because he is a Member of Parliament. The people who sit in the House of Lords are called peers: they are not chosen by the people. Most peers are now appointed by the government. There are some who are hereditary peers (their fathers were peers); and a few others, such as certain bishops in the established Church of England, and the Judiciary (Law Lords).
Scotland has its own devolved Parliament with power to make laws on things like education, health and Scottish law. Northern Ireland and Wales have their own devolved Assemblies which have some powers but less than the Scottish parliament. The UK Parliament remains sovereign and it could end the devolved administrations at any time.
The UK has a military of around 223,000 people, not including reserve forces. The UK has one of the most advanced military in the world, alongside such countries such as the USA and France, and operates a large army (British Army), a sizable navy (Royal Navy) and air force (Royal Air Force). From the 18th century to the early 20th century, the UK was seen as the most powerful nation in the world, with a huge navy (due to the fact it was surrounded by sea, so a large navy was the most practical option). This status has faded in recent times, but the UK remains a member of various military groups such as the UN Security Council and NATO. It is also still seen as a great military power.
The UK is a developed country with fifth largest economy in the world. It was a superpower during the 18th, 19th and early 20th century and was considered since the early 1800s to be the most powerful and influential nation in the world, in politics, economics (For it was the wealthiest country at the time.) and in military strength. Britain continued to be the biggest manufacturing economy in the world until 1908 and the largest economy until the 1920s. The economic cost of two world wars and the decline of the British Empire in the 1950s and 1960s reduced its leading role in global affairs. The UK still has strong economic, cultural, military and political influence and is a nuclear power. It is a member state of the European Union. The UK holds a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and is a member of the G8, NATO, World Trade Organization and the Commonwealth of Nations.
London, the capital, is famous as being the largest centre of finance in the world, along with New York City in the United States.
- See also: English literature
William Shakespeare is perhaps the most famous English playwright. He wrote plays in the late 16th century including Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. In the 19th century, Jane Austen and Charles Dickens were popular novelists. Twentieth century writers include the science fiction novelist H.G. Wells and J.R.R. Tolkien. The children's fantasy Harry Potter series is written by J.K. Rowling. Aldous Huxley was also from the United Kingdom.
English literature is written by authors from many countries. The UK has eight Nobel laureates in literature. Seamus Heaney is a well-known writer who was born in Northern Ireland.
Arthur Conan Doyle from Scotland wrote the Sherlock Holmes detective novels. He was from Edinburgh. The poet Dylan Thomas has brought Welsh culture to international attention.
England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales have separate, but similar, systems of education. They all have rules that education is required from ages five to eighteen. The majority of children attend state schools but a small amount attend private schools.
Britain's most well known universities include the University of Cambridge and University of Oxford, as well as the London universities (University College London, the London School of Economics, King's College London and Imperial College London) which collectively form the 'Golden Triangle' of UK universities.
A broader group of twenty universities form the Russell Group, which account for two thirds of research grants and contract funding out of the total of 100 universities.
Road traffic in the United Kingdom drives on the left hand side of the road (unlike the Americas and some of the rest of Europe), and the driver steers from the right hand side of the vehicle. The road network on the island of Great Britain is extensive, with most local and rural roads having evolved from Roman and Medieval times. Major routes developed in the mid 20th Century were made to the needs of the motor car. The high speed motorway (freeway) network was mostly constructed in the 1960s and 1970s and links together major towns and cities.
The system of rail transport was invented in England, so the United Kingdom has the oldest railway network in the world. It was built mostly during the Victorian era. At the heart of the network are five long distance main lines which radiate from London to the major cities and secondary population centres with dense commuter networks within the regions. The newest part of the network connects London to the Channel Tunnel from St Pancras station and is built to the same standard as the French TGV system. The network is part privatised, with privately owned train operating companies providing service along particular lines or regions, whilst the tracks, signals and stations are owned by a Government controlled company called Network Rail. The system of underground railways in London, known as the Tube, has been copied by many other cities.
Most domestic air travel in the United Kingdom is between London and the major cities in Scotland and the North of England. London-Heathrow is the nation's largest airport and is one of the most important international hubs in the world. Other major airports with principal international service include London-Gatwick, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow.
An extensive system of ferry networks operate between the Scottish islands, and major ferry routes operate between England and France (via the English Channel), Scotland-Northern Ireland (via the Irish Sea) and England/Wales-Republic of Ireland (from Liverpool/Holyhead).
- ↑ No law was passed making God Save the Queen the official anthem. In the British tradition, such laws are not necessary; proclamation and usage are sufficient to make it the official national anthem. God Save the Queen also serves as the Royal anthem for several other countries.
- ↑ Under the Council of Europe's European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish, Irish, Scots and its regional variant Ulster Scots are officially recognised as Regional or Minority languages by the UK Government for the purposes of the Charter.[3] See also Languages of the United Kingdom.
- ↑ British dependencies drive on the left except for BIOT and Gibraltar.
- ↑ ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 states that this should be GB and .gb was initially used by the Government, but registration has been suppressed in favour of .uk. The .eu domain is shared with other European Union member states.
- ↑ "Directgov: English language – Government, citizens and rights". Directgov. http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ↑ "Commonwealth Secretariat – UK". Commonwealth Secretariat. http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookHomeInternal/139560/. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ↑ "European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages". Scottish Government. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCulture/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
- ↑ "United Kingdom population by ethnic group" (XLS). United Kingdom Census 2001. Office for National Statistics. 1 April 2001. Archived from the original on 21 December 2003. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221162206/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D6588.xls. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
- ↑ "Annual Mid-year Population Estimates, 2011 and 2012". Office for National Statistics. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_320900.pdf. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "2011 UK censuses". Office for National Statistics. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/uk-census/index.html. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "United Kingdom". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2014&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=46&pr1.y=7&c=112&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
- ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)". Eurostat Data Explorer. http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2013". United Nations. http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2013/. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ↑ "The Countries of the UK". www.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2002-03-29. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
- ↑ http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf
- ↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html
- ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/
- ↑ English Heritage. "Stonehenge and Avebury: A World Heritage Site". http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/world-heritage-sites/. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ↑ Branigan, Keith, 1980, Roman Britain: Life in an Imperial Province, Readers Digest, pp12-16
- ↑ Gordon, Raymond G. Jr. (ed) 2005.. "Languages of the UK". Ethnologue: languages of the world, 15th ed,. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=gb.


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Tiger cubs romping in the snow are super cute. And these Amur tiger cubs living at the Columbus Zoo & Aquarium are no exception. The cubs are six months old and weigh about ninety pounds and as you can see in the zoo's video, they are happy as can be frolicking together around their habitat.
Amur Tiger Cubs Snow Adventure at the Columbus Zoo & Aquarium
Watching my young big cat cousins inspired me. While in my heated thinking circle today, I thought perhaps I should feed my inner Amur tiger and venture out to frolic in the snow. After all, it is winter here in Ohio and my backyard is completely covered in white fluffy snow. The neighbor children are all suited up and sledding down the hills and they seem to be enjoying themselves. So I thought, why not brave the cold and pounce around a bit in the snow. So I left the comfort and warmth of my heated thinking circle and I went into the wild.


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Button collecting has been popular since the nineteenth century. Buttons have been known throughout the centuries, and there are millions of styles. Buttons were first used as ornaments, not fasteners. Gold, silver, or precious stones were used for the best buttons, but most were made of natural materials, like bone or shell, or from inexpensive metals. Political buttons may also be listed in Political.
Enter your email below to receive Kovels Komments for the latest antiques & collectibles news, answers to readers questions, marks and tips. In your inbox every Wednesday.
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Hey folks! There is now a better mousetrap for accessing the forums from a mobile device. Here is a video on how to install it and how to use it. If you are using Tapatalk already, it is really just a branded version of that - so if you have multiple forums connected, you may want to stay with Tapatalk, or not, your choice (you CAN have both!).
One of the great things about the new app, is it makes it really easy to post pictures from your phone. I will soon be starting a "travelog" area where folks can start posts about their trips and share for all to see.
Click here for the Android App
Click here for the iPad/iPhone app


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Leather Slide Sandals
Free Shipping on All U.S. Orders. See Details
- 1.5"/40mm midsole (approximately).
- Open toe.
- Slips on.
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- Rubber sole.
- Available in Blue.
- Made in Italy.
Need Help? Have Questions? Contact Us.
Please call 1.888.222.7639 to speak with a Customer Service Representative.
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If you prefer email, we can be reached anytime at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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- Red Bull news
Buemi targets Webber's seat
- Drivers:
- Sébastien Buemi
- |
- Mark Webber
- Teams:
- Red Bull
Sebastien Buemi hopes that he will be the number one candidate to take over Mark Webber's seat in the future if he can impress as Red Bull test driver.
Buemi was named as test and reserve driver for Red Bull this week after being dropped by sister team Toro Rosso. Although admitting that there was no certainty beyond the end of 2012 he told Le Matin that he hoped working closely with the team would give him the best chance of replacing Webber in the future.
"The contract I've signed covers just one year," Buemi said "After that I have not been promised anything so we'll see. Actually I think it's better to be the third driver in the best team than to race at the bottom of the grid. Since December I was in contact with other teams as I had opportunities elsewhere. But ultimately the best solution was to stay with Red Bull.
"Now it's up to me to do my best in the simulator to prove to them that I am qualified in case Mark Webber's contract is not renewed for 2013."
With the replacement of both Toro Rosso drivers coming as a surprise to onlookers, Buemi admitted it was an unexpected development for him as well.
"Obviously I was surprised and was not expecting the (Toro Rosso) decision at all. But the Red Bull people immediately offered me the job as third driver and I thought about it before agreeing. Being close to them will be the best way to get a spot on their team one day in the future."
With only one in-season test this season, Buemi also said that he would like to "find a complementary programme" to help him stay race sharp.
"Ideally I would couple F1 with a different one, such as endurance - I like the Le Mans 24 a lot. There is no grand prix on that (Le Mans) weekend, so it would be possible. The big teams will start their testing soon, so I could participate as well. I will probably be able to announce the details of what I will be doing in 2012 fairly soon."


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EcoStruxure: Innovation at Every Level
EcoStruxure is our IoT-enabled, plug-and-play, open, interoperable architecture and platform, in Homes, Buildings, Data Centers, Infrastructure and Industries.
EcoStruxure Building
Building automation and management system innovation for energy performance, occupant comfort and engineering efficiency.
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Innovative solutions for safer, more reliable, efficient, profitable, and sustainable industrial operations.
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Solutions enabling electricity companies to create smart grids and integrate renewable generation for sustainable, efficient networks.
EcoStruxure IT
Industry-leading data center technologies ensuring reliability and operational efficiency, in the cloud and at the edge.
EcoStruxure Power
Safe, reliable and efficient IoT-enabled electrical distribution with enhanced connectivity, real-time operations and smart analytics.
EcoStruxure Platform
The digital backbone connecting best-in-class OT solutions with the latest in IT technology to tap into the true potential of IoT.
- View all


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Straw Mushroom in brine. This straw whole mushroom is ready to add in your soup or dishes. Many popular Thai soups are calling for this mushroom such as Tom Yum or Tom Kha soup, also in stir fried dishes and curry soups. Straw mushroom is plain and little crushy texture. Ingredients: Straw mushrooms, water, salt. Net Weight: 15.0 oz. Drain weight 7.4 oz. Product of Thailand
Copyright © 2004 - 2019 GroceryThai.com


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Before Glenmary, we were driving an hour-and-a-half to church.
- Ken B., St. Teresa of Kolkata, Union County, Tenn.
Taking a trip to the missions taught me that I can't take my faith and the ability to practice that faith for granted.
- Rita M., Glenmary supporter.
The amazing thing about being a Glenmary volunteer is that the Glenmary spirit of ecumenism and charity is everywhere.
- Alyson M., mountain manager at Toppa Joppa, Grainger County, Tenn.
Becoming a Glenmarian fulfilled my heart's desire to be with the people who are marginalized.
- Father Richard Toboso, Glenmarian


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Investor Relations
Interroll share data
|Stock Exchange
|SIX Swiss Exchange, Zürich
|Share number
|637 289
|Number of shares
|Nominal value (CHF)
Notification of voting rights
Details of the notifications of voting rights are accessible on the website of the SIX Exchange.To SIX Exchange
How many Interroll shares are issued?
There are 854.000 Interroll Holding AG shares with a nominal value of CHF 1,00 issued
Where are the Interroll shares traded?
The Interroll shares are traded at the SIX Swiss Exchange Zurich
What is the share number and the International Securities Identification Number (ISIN)?
Share number: 637 289
What is the ticker symbol for the Interroll share?
The ticker symbol is INRN
Is the Interroll share listed in indices?
The Interroll share is listed in the SPI, SPI Extra, SPI ex SLI and Swiss All Share Index
What standard in the Interroll share listed in?
The Interroll share is listed in the Main Standard and therefore complies with the highest transparency requirements
When was the first listing of Interroll shares?
Interroll shares were listed on 5 June 1997 for the first time
Where do I find information about the share price development of the Interroll shares?
Updated share price information can be found on our homepage in the Investor Relations section.
The website of the SIX Swiss Stock Exchange also provides information of the share price development of the Interroll share: Please click here for the SIX Swiss Stock Exchange Website
According to which financial accounting standards does Interroll report?
The annual financial statements of Interroll are prepared according to the International Financial Reporting Standards.
What is the business year of Interroll?
Interroll's business year equals the calendar year (1 January to 31 December)


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A mystery ticket-holder has scooped a £93,388,943 EuroMillions jackpot, placing them sixth on the National Lottery rich list.
The prize is the biggest win in the UK so far this year.
The ticket matched the five main numbers - 5, 8, 10, 11 and 37 - plus the two Lucky Star numbers - 7 and 9 - picked for Friday night's (12 June) draw.
The top prize had not been won since May 26.
The owner of the ticket has plenty of champagne on ice awaiting them when they come forward, a spokeswoman for Camelot said.
She added: "It's the fourth - and largest - EuroMillions jackpot win in this country already this year, and the lucky ticket-holder enters the National Lottery rich list in sixth place."
Biggest lottery wins
Top of the list are Colin and Chris Weir from Largs, North Ayrshire, who banked £161 million in July 2011, making them the biggest lottery winners in Europe.
A year after the Weirs struck it lucky, Adrian and Gillian Bayford won £148,656,000. They separated in 2013.
In 2010 a winner who chose to remain anonymous collected £113 million.
Last year Neil Trotter, a former car mechanic from south London, won £107,932,603.
In 2011 Dave and Angela Dawes from Cambridgeshire proved it was third time lucky when they won £101,203,600, having only played EuroMillions twice before.
Find out more at the EuroMillions checker - national-lottery.co.uk