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Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. 6, by Edward Gibbon, [1788], at sacred-texts.com
Civil Wars, And Ruin Of The Greek Empire. - Reigns Of Andronicus, The Elder And Younger, And John Palaeologus. - Regency, Revolt, Reign, And Abdication Of John Cantacuzene. - Establishment Of A Genoese Colony At Pera Or Galata. - Their Wars With The Empire And City Of Constantinople.
The long reign of Andronicus 1 the elder is chiefly memorable by the disputes of the Greek church, the invasion of the Catalans, and the rise of the Ottoman power. He is celebrated as the most learned and virtuous prince of the age; but such virtue, and such learning, contributed neither to the perfection of the individual, nor to the happiness of society A slave of the most abject superstition, he was surrounded on all sides by visible and invisible enemies; nor were the flames of hell less dreadful to his fancy, than those of a Catalan or Turkish war. Under the reign of the Palaeologi, the choice of the patriarch was the most important business of the state; the heads of the Greek church were ambitious and fanatic monks; and their vices or virtues, their learning or ignorance, were equally mischievous or contemptible. By his intemperate discipline, the patriarch Athanasius 2 excited the hatred of the clergy and people: he was heard to declare, that the sinner should swallow the last dregs of the cup of penance; and the foolish tale was propagated of his punishing a sacrilegious ass that had tasted the lettuce of a convent garden. Driven from the throne by the universal clamor, Athanasius composed before his retreat two papers of a very opposite cast. His public testament was in the tone of charity and resignation; the private codicil breathed the direst anathemas against the authors of his disgrace, whom he excluded forever from the communion of the holy trinity, the angels, and the saints. This last paper he enclosed in an earthen pot, which was placed, by his order, on the top of one of the pillars, in the dome of St. Sophia, in the distant hope of discovery and revenge. At the end of four years, some youths, climbing by a ladder in search of pigeons' nests, detected the fatal secret; and, as Andronicus felt himself touched and bound by the excommunication, he trembled on the brink of the abyss which had been so treacherously dug under his feet. A synod of bishops was instantly convened to debate this important question: the rashness of these clandestine anathemas was generally condemned; but as the knot could be untied only by the same hand, as that hand was now deprived of the crosier, it appeared that this posthumous decree was irrevocable by any earthly power. Some faint testimonies of repentance and pardon were extorted from the author of the mischief; but the conscience of the emperor was still wounded, and he desired, with no less ardor than Athanasius himself, the restoration of a patriarch, by whom alone he could be healed. At the dead of night, a monk rudely knocked at the door of the royal bed-chamber, announcing a revelation of plague and famine, of inundations and earthquakes. Andronicus started from his bed, and spent the night in prayer, till he felt, or thought that he felt, a slight motion of the earth. The emperor on foot led the bishops and monks to the cell of Athanasius; and, after a proper resistance, the saint, from whom this message had been sent, consented to absolve the prince, and govern the church of Constantinople. Untamed by disgrace, and hardened by solitude, the shepherd was again odious to the flock, and his enemies contrived a singular, and as it proved, a successful, mode of revenge. In the night, they stole away the footstool or foot-cloth of his throne, which they secretly replaced with the decoration of a satirical picture. The emperor was painted with a bridle in his mouth, and Athanasius leading the tractable beast to the feet of Christ. The authors of the libel were detected and punished; but as their lives had been spared, the Christian priest in sullen indignation retired to his cell; and the eyes of Andronicus, which had been opened for a moment, were again closed by his successor.
If this transaction be one of the most curious and important of a reign of fifty years, I cannot at least accuse the brevity of my materials, since I reduce into some few pages the enormous folios of Pachymer, 3 Cantacuzene, 4 and Nicephorus Gregoras, 5 who have composed the prolix and languid story of the times. The name and situation of the emperor John Cantacuzene might inspire the most lively curiosity. His memorials of forty years extend from the revolt of the younger Andronicus to his own abdication of the empire; and it is observed, that, like Moses and Caesar, he was the principal actor in the scenes which he describes. But in this eloquent work we should vainly seek the sincerity of a hero or a penitent. Retired in a cloister from the vices and passions of the world, he presents not a confession, but an apology, of the life of an ambitious statesman. Instead of unfolding the true counsels and characters of men, he displays the smooth and specious surface of events, highly varnished with his own praises and those of his friends. Their motives are always pure; their ends always legitimate: they conspire and rebel without any views of interest; and the violence which they inflict or suffer is celebrated as the spontaneous effect of reason and virtue.
After the example of the first of the Palaeologi, the elder Andronicus associated his son Michael to the honors of the purple; and from the age of eighteen to his premature death, that prince was acknowledged, above twenty- five years, as the second emperor of the Greeks. 6 At the head of an army, he excited neither the fears of the enemy, nor the jealousy of the court; his modesty and patience were never tempted to compute the years of his father; nor was that father compelled to repent of his liberality either by the virtues or vices of his son. The son of Michael was named Andronicus from his grandfather, to whose early favor he was introduced by that nominal resemblance. The blossoms of wit and beauty increased the fondness of the elder Andronicus; and, with the common vanity of age, he expected to realize in the second, the hope which had been disappointed in the first, generation. The boy was educated in the palace as an heir and a favorite; and in the oaths and acclamations of the people, the august triad was formed by the names of the father, the son, and the grandson. But the younger Andronicus was speedily corrupted by his infant greatness, while he beheld with puerile impatience the double obstacle that hung, and might long hang, over his rising ambition. It was not to acquire fame, or to diffuse happiness, that he so eagerly aspired: wealth and impunity were in his eyes the most precious attributes of a monarch; and his first indiscreet demand was the sovereignty of some rich and fertile island, where he might lead a life of independence and pleasure. The emperor was offended by the loud and frequent intemperance which disturbed his capital; the sums which his parsimony denied were supplied by the Genoese usurers of Pera; and the oppressive debt, which consolidated the interest of a faction, could be discharged only by a revolution. A beautiful female, a matron in rank, a prostitute in manners, had instructed the younger Andronicus in the rudiments of love; but he had reason to suspect the nocturnal visits of a rival; and a stranger passing through the street was pierced by the arrows of his guards, who were placed in ambush at her door. That stranger was his brother, Prince Manuel, who languished and died of his wound; and the emperor Michael, their common father, whose health was in a declining state, expired on the eighth day, lamenting the loss of both his children. 7 However guiltless in his intention, the younger Andronicus might impute a brother's and a father's death to the consequence of his own vices; and deep was the sigh of thinking and feeling men, when they perceived, instead of sorrow and repentance, his ill-dissembled joy on the removal of two odious competitors. By these melancholy events, and the increase of his disorders, the mind of the elder emperor was gradually alienated; and, after many fruitless reproofs, he transferred on another grandson 8 his hopes and affection. The change was announced by the new oath of allegiance to the reigning sovereign, and the person whom he should appoint for his successor; and the acknowledged heir, after a repetition of insults and complaints, was exposed to the indignity of a public trial. Before the sentence, which would probably have condemned him to a dungeon or a cell, the emperor was informed that the palace courts were filled with the armed followers of his grandson; the judgment was softened to a treaty of reconciliation; and the triumphant escape of the prince encouraged the ardor of the younger faction.
Yet the capital, the clergy, and the senate, adhered to the person, or at least to the government, of the old emperor; and it was only in the provinces, by flight, and revolt, and foreign succor, that the malecontents could hope to vindicate their cause and subvert his throne. The soul of the enterprise was the great domestic John Cantacuzene; the sally from Constantinople is the first date of his actions and memorials; and if his own pen be most descriptive of his patriotism, an unfriendly historian has not refused to celebrate the zeal and ability which he displayed in the service of the young emperor. *_0022 That prince escaped from the capital under the pretence of hunting; erected his standard at Adrianople; and, in a few days, assembled fifty thousand horse and foot, whom neither honor nor duty could have armed against the Barbarians. Such a force might have saved or commanded the empire; but their counsels were discordant, their motions were slow and doubtful, and their progress was checked by intrigue and negotiation. The quarrel of the two Andronici was protracted, and suspended, and renewed, during a ruinous period of seven years. In the first treaty, the relics of the Greek empire were divided: Constantinople, Thessalonica, and the islands, were left to the elder, while the younger acquired the sovereignty of the greatest part of Thrace, from Philippi to the Byzantine limit. By the second treaty, he stipulated the payment of his troops, his immediate coronation, and an adequate share of the power and revenue of the state. The third civil war was terminated by the surprise of Constantinople, the final retreat of the old emperor, and the sole reign of his victorious grandson. The reasons of this delay may be found in the characters of the men and of the times. When the heir of the monarchy first pleaded his wrongs and his apprehensions, he was heard with pity and applause: and his adherents repeated on all sides the inconsistent promise, that he would increase the pay of the soldiers and alleviate the burdens of the people. The grievances of forty years were mingled in his revolt; and the rising generation was fatigued by the endless prospect of a reign, whose favorites and maxims were of other times. The youth of Andronicus had been without spirit, his age was without reverence: his taxes produced an unusual revenue of five hundred thousand pounds; yet the richest of the sovereigns of Christendom was incapable of maintaining three thousand horse and twenty galleys, to resist the destructive progress of the Turks. 9 "How different," said the younger Andronicus, "is my situation from that of the son of Philip! Alexander might complain, that his father would leave him nothing to conquer: alas! my grandsire will leave me nothing to lose." But the Greeks were soon admonished, that the public disorders could not be healed by a civil war; and that their young favorite was not destined to be the savior of a falling empire. On the first repulse, his party was broken by his own levity, their intestine discord, and the intrigues of the ancient court, which tempted each malecontent to desert or betray the cause of the rebellion. Andronicus the younger was touched with remorse, or fatigued with business, or deceived by negotiation: pleasure rather than power was his aim; and the license of maintaining a thousand hounds, a thousand hawks, and a thousand huntsmen, was sufficient to sully his fame and disarm his ambition.
Let us now survey the catastrophe of this busy plot, and the final situation of the principal actors. 10 The age of Andronicus was consumed in civil discord; and, amidst the events of war and treaty, his power and reputation continually decayed, till the fatal night in which the gates of the city and palace were opened without resistance to his grandson. His principal commander scorned the repeated warnings of danger; and retiring to rest in the vain security of ignorance, abandoned the feeble monarch, with some priests and pages, to the terrors of a sleepless night. These terrors were quickly realized by the hostile shouts, which proclaimed the titles and victory of Andronicus the younger; and the aged emperor, falling prostrate before an image of the Virgin, despatched a suppliant message to resign the sceptre, and to obtain his life at the hands of the conqueror. The answer of his grandson was decent and pious; at the prayer of his friends, the younger Andronicus assumed the sole administration; but the elder still enjoyed the name and preeminence of the first emperor, the use of the great palace, and a pension of twenty-four thousand pieces of gold, one half of which was assigned on the royal treasury, and the other on the fishery of Constantinople. But his impotence was soon exposed to contempt and oblivion; the vast silence of the palace was disturbed only by the cattle and poultry of the neighborhood, *_0023 which roved with impunity through the solitary courts; and a reduced allowance of ten thousand pieces of gold 11 was all that he could ask, and more than he could hope. His calamities were imbittered by the gradual extinction of sight; his confinement was rendered each day more rigorous; and during the absence and sickness of his grandson, his inhuman keepers, by the threats of instant death, compelled him to exchange the purple for the monastic habit and profession. The monk Antony had renounced the pomp of the world; yet he had occasion for a coarse fur in the winter season, and as wine was forbidden by his confessor, and water by his physician, the sherbet of Egypt was his common drink. It was not without difficulty that the late emperor could procure three or four pieces to satisfy these simple wants; and if he bestowed the gold to relieve the more painful distress of a friend, the sacrifice is of some weight in the scale of humanity and religion. Four years after his abdication, Andronicus or Antony expired in a cell, in the seventy-fourth year of his age: and the last strain of adulation could only promise a more splendid crown of glory in heaven than he had enjoyed upon earth. 12 **_0023
Nor was the reign of the younger, more glorious or fortunate than that of the elder, Andronicus. 13 He gathered the fruits of ambition; but the taste was transient and bitter: in the supreme station he lost the remains of his early popularity; and the defects of his character became still more conspicuous to the world. The public reproach urged him to march in person against the Turks; nor did his courage fail in the hour of trial; but a defeat and a wound were the only trophies of his expedition in Asia, which confirmed the establishment of the Ottoman monarchy. The abuses of the civil government attained their full maturity and perfection: his neglect of forms, and the confusion of national dresses, are deplored by the Greeks as the fatal symptoms of the decay of the empire. Andronicus was old before his time; the intemperance of youth had accelerated the infirmities of age; and after being rescued from a dangerous malady by nature, or physic, or the Virgin, he was snatched away before he had accomplished his forty-fifth year. He was twice married; and, as the progress of the Latins in arms and arts had softened the prejudices of the Byzantine court, his two wives were chosen in the princely houses of Germany and Italy. The first, Agnes at home, Irene in Greece, was daughter of the duke of Brunswick. Her father 14 was a petty lord 15 in the poor and savage regions of the north of Germany: 16 yet he derived some revenue from his silver mines; 17 and his family is celebrated by the Greeks as the most ancient and noble of the Teutonic name. 18 After the death of this childish princess, Andronicus sought in marriage Jane, the sister of the count of Savoy; 19 and his suit was preferred to that of the French king. 20 The count respected in his sister the superior majesty of a Roman empress: her retinue was composed of knights and ladies; she was regenerated and crowned in St. Sophia, under the more orthodox appellation of Anne; and, at the nuptial feast, the Greeks and Italians vied with each other in the martial exercises of tilts and tournaments.
The empress Anne of Savoy survived her husband: their son, John Palaeologus, was left an orphan and an emperor in the ninth year of his age; and his weakness was protected by the first and most deserving of the Greeks. The long and cordial friendship of his father for John Cantacuzene is alike honorable to the prince and the subject. It had been formed amidst the pleasures of their youth: their families were almost equally noble; 21 and the recent lustre of the purple was amply compensated by the energy of a private education. We have seen that the young emperor was saved by Cantacuzene from the power of his grandfather; and, after six years of civil war, the same favorite brought him back in triumph to the palace of Constantinople. Under the reign of Andronicus the younger, the great domestic ruled the emperor and the empire; and it was by his valor and conduct that the Isle of Lesbos and the principality of Aetolia were restored to their ancient allegiance. His enemies confess, that, among the public robbers, Cantacuzene alone was moderate and abstemious; and the free and voluntary account which he produces of his own wealth 22 may sustain the presumption that he was devolved by inheritance, and not accumulated by rapine. He does not indeed specify the value of his money, plate, and jewels; yet, after a voluntary gift of two hundred vases of silver, after much had been secreted by his friends and plundered by his foes, his forfeit treasures were sufficient for the equipment of a fleet of seventy galleys. He does not measure the size and number of his estates; but his granaries were heaped with an incredible store of wheat and barley; and the labor of a thousand yoke of oxen might cultivate, according to the practice of antiquity, about sixty-two thousand five hundred acres of arable land. 23 His pastures were stocked with two thousand five hundred brood mares, two hundred camels, three hundred mules, five hundred asses, five thousand horned cattle, fifty thousand hogs, and seventy thousand sheep: 24 a precious record of rural opulence, in the last period of the empire, and in a land, most probably in Thrace, so repeatedly wasted by foreign and domestic hostility. The favor of Cantacuzene was above his fortune. In the moments of familiarity, in the hour of sickness, the emperor was desirous to level the distance between them and pressed his friend to accept the diadem and purple. The virtue of the great domestic, which is attested by his own pen, resisted the dangerous proposal; but the last testament of Andronicus the younger named him the guardian of his son, and the regent of the empire.
Had the regent found a suitable return of obedience and gratitude, perhaps he would have acted with pure and zealous fidelity in the service of his pupil. 25 A guard of five hundred soldiers watched over his person and the palace; the funeral of the late emperor was decently performed; the capital was silent and submissive; and five hundred letters, which Cantacuzene despatched in the first month, informed the provinces of their loss and their duty. The prospect of a tranquil minority was blasted by the great duke or admiral Apocaucus, and to exaggerate his perfidy, the Imperial historian is pleased to magnify his own imprudence, in raising him to that office against the advice of his more sagacious sovereign. Bold and subtle, rapacious and profuse, the avarice and ambition of Apocaucus were by turns subservient to each other; and his talents were applied to the ruin of his country. His arrogance was heightened by the command of a naval force and an impregnable castle, and under the mask of oaths and flattery he secretly conspired against his benefactor. The female court of the empress was bribed and directed; he encouraged Anne of Savoy to assert, by the law of nature, the tutelage of her son; the love of power was disguised by the anxiety of maternal tenderness: and the founder of the Palaeologi had instructed his posterity to dread the example of a perfidious guardian. The patriarch John of Apri was a proud and feeble old man, encompassed by a numerous and hungry kindred. He produced an obsolete epistle of Andronicus, which bequeathed the prince and people to his pious care: the fate of his predecessor Arsenius prompted him to prevent, rather than punish, the crimes of a usurper; and Apocaucus smiled at the success of his own flattery, when he beheld the Byzantine priest assuming the state and temporal claims of the Roman pontiff. 26 Between three persons so different in their situation and character, a private league was concluded: a shadow of authority was restored to the senate; and the people was tempted by the name of freedom. By this powerful confederacy, the great domestic was assaulted at first with clandestine, at length with open, arms. His prerogatives were disputed; his opinions slighted; his friends persecuted; and his safety was threatened both in the camp and city. In his absence on the public service, he was accused of treason; proscribed as an enemy of the church and state; and delivered with all his adherents to the sword of justice, the vengeance of the people, and the power of the devil; his fortunes were confiscated; his aged mother was cast into prison; *_0024 all his past services were buried in oblivion; and he was driven by injustice to perpetrate the crime of which he was accused. 27 From the review of his preceding conduct, Cantacuzene appears to have been guiltless of any treasonable designs; and the only suspicion of his innocence must arise from the vehemence of his protestations, and the sublime purity which he ascribes to his own virtue. While the empress and the patriarch still affected the appearances of harmony, he repeatedly solicited the permission of retiring to a private, and even a monastic, life. After he had been declared a public enemy, it was his fervent wish to throw himself at the feet of the young emperor, and to receive without a murmur the stroke of the executioner: it was not without reluctance that he listened to the voice of reason, which inculcated the sacred duty of saving his family and friends, and proved that he could only save them by drawing the sword and assuming the Imperial title.
1 Andronicus himself will justify our freedom in the invective, (Nicephorus Gregoras, l. i. c. i.,) which he pronounced against historic falsehood. It is true, that his censure is more pointedly urged against calumny than against adulation.
2 For the anathema in the pigeon's nest, see Pachymer, (l. ix. c. 24,) who relates the general history of Athanasius, (l. viii. c. 13 - 16, 20, 24, l. x. c. 27 - 29, 31 - 36, l. xi. c. 1 - 3, 5, 6, l. xiii. c. 8, 10, 23, 35,) and is followed by Nicephorus Gregoras, (l. vi. c. 5, 7, l. vii. c. 1, 9,) who includes the second retreat of this second Chrysostom.
3 Pachymer, in seven books, 377 folio pages, describes the first twenty-six years of Andronicus the Elder; and marks the date of his composition by the current news or lie of the day, (A.D. 1308.) Either death or disgust prevented him from resuming the pen.
4 After an interval of twelve years, from the conclusion of Pachymer, Cantacuzenus takes up the pen; and his first book (c. 1 - 59, p. 9 - 150) relates the civil war, and the eight last years of the elder Andronicus. The ingenious comparison with Moses and Caesar is fancied by his French translator, the president Cousin.
5 Nicephorus Gregoras more briefly includes the entire life and reign of Andronicus the elder, (l. vi. c. 1, p. 96 - 291.) This is the part of which Cantacuzene complains as a false and malicious representation of his conduct.
6 He was crowned May 21st, 1295, and died October 12th, 1320, (Ducange, Fam. Byz. p. 239.) His brother Theodore, by a second marriage, inherited the marquisate of Montferrat, apostatized to the religion and manners of the Latins, (Nic. Greg. l. ix. c. 1,) and founded a dynasty of Italian princes, which was extinguished A.D. 1533, (Ducange, Fam. Byz. p. 249 - 253.)
7 We are indebted to Nicephorus Gregoras (l. viii. c. 1) for the knowledge of this tragic adventure; while Cantacuzene more discreetly conceals the vices of Andronicus the Younger, of which he was the witness and perhaps the associate, (l. i. c. 1, &c.)
8 His destined heir was Michael Catharus, the bastard of Constantine his second son. In this project of excluding his grandson Andronicus, Nicephorus Gregoras (l. viii. c. 3) agrees with Cantacuzene, (l. i. c. 1, 2.)
*_0022 The conduct of Cantacuzene, by his own showing, was inexplicable. He was unwilling to dethrone the old emperor, and dissuaded the immediate march on Constantinople. The young Andronicus, he says, entered into his views, and wrote to warn the emperor of his danger when the march was determined. Cantacuzenus, in Nov. Byz. Hist. Collect. vol. i. p. 104, &c. - M.
9 See Nicephorus Gregoras, l. viii. c. 6. The younger Andronicus complained, that in four years and four months a sum of 350,000 byzants of gold was due to him for the expenses of his household, (Cantacuzen l. i. c. 48.) Yet he would have remitted the debt, if he might have been allowed to squeeze the farmers of the revenue
10 I follow the chronology of Nicephorus Gregoras, who is remarkably exact. It is proved that Cantacuzene has mistaken the dates of his own actions, or rather that his text has been corrupted by ignorant transcribers.
*_0023 And the washerwomen, according to Nic. Gregoras, p. 431 - M.
11 I have endeavored to reconcile the 24,000 pieces of Cantacuzene (l. ii. c. 1) with the 10,000 of Nicephorus Gregoras, (l. ix. c. 2;) the one of whom wished to soften, the other to magnify, the hardships of the old emperor
12 See Nicephorus Gregoras, (l. ix. 6, 7, 8, 10, 14, l. x. c. 1.) The historian had tasted of the prosperity, and shared the retreat, of his benefactor; and that friendship which "waits or to the scaffold or the cell," should not lightly be accused as "a hireling, a prostitute to praise." Note: But it may be accused of unparalleled absurdity. He compares the extinction of the feeble old man to that of the sun: his coffin is to be floated like Noah's ark by a deluge of tears. - M.
**_0023 Prodigies (according to Nic. Gregoras, p. 460) announced the departure of the old and imbecile Imperial Monk from his earthly prison. - M.
13 The sole reign of Andronicus the younger is described by Cantacuzene (l. ii. c. 1 - 40, p. 191 - 339) and Nicephorus Gregoras, (l. ix c. 7 - l. xi. c. 11, p. 262 - 361.)
14 Agnes, or Irene, was the daughter of Duke Henry the Wonderful, the chief of the house of Brunswick, and the fourth in descent from the famous Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, and conqueror of the Sclavi on the Baltic coast. Her brother Henry was surnamed the Greek, from his two journeys into the East: but these journeys were subsequent to his sister's marriage; and I am ignorant how Agnes was discovered in the heart of Germany, and recommended to the Byzantine court. (Rimius, Memoirs of the House of Brunswick, p. 126 - 137.
15 Henry the Wonderful was the founder of the branch of Gruben hagen, extinct in the year 1596, (Rimius, p. 287.) He resided in the castle of Wolfenbuttel, and possessed no more than a sixth part of the allodial estates of Brunswick and Luneburgh, which the Guelph family had saved from the confiscation of their great fiefs. The frequent partitions among brothers had almost ruined the princely houses of Germany, till that just, but pernicious, law was slowly superseded by the right of primogeniture. The principality of Grubenhagen, one of the last remains of the Hercynian forest, is a woody, mountainous, and barren tract, (Busching's Geography, vol. vi. p. 270 - 286, English translation.)
16 The royal author of the Memoirs of Brandenburgh will teach us, how justly, in a much later period, the north of Germany deserved the epithets of poor and barbarous. (Essai sur les Moeurs, &c.) In the year 1306, in the woods of Luneburgh, some wild people of the Vened race were allowed to bury alive their infirm and useless parents. (Rimius, p. 136.)
17 The assertion of Tacitus, that Germany was destitute of the precious metals, must be taken, even in his own time, with some limitation, (Germania, c. 5. Annal. xi. 20.) According to Spener, (Hist. Germaniae Pragmatica, tom. i. p. 351,) Argentifodinae in Hercyniis montibus, imperante Othone magno (A.D. 968) primum apertae, largam etiam opes augendi dederunt copiam: but Rimius (p. 258, 259) defers till the year 1016 the discovery of the silver mines of Grubenhagen, or the Upper Hartz, which were productive in the beginning of the xivth century, and which still yield a considerable revenue to the house of Brunswick.
18 Cantacuzene has given a most honorable testimony. The praise is just in itself, and pleasing to an English ear.
19 Anne, or Jane, was one of the four daughters of Amedee the Great, by a second marriage, and half-sister of his successor Edward count of Savoy. (Anderson's Tables, p. 650. See Cantacuzene, (l. i. c. 40 - 42.)
20 That king, if the fact be true, must have been Charles the Fair who in five years (1321 - 1326) was married to three wives, (Anderson, p. 628.) Anne of Savoy arrived at Constantinople in February, 1326.
21 The noble race of the Cantacuzeni (illustrious from the xith century in the Byzantine annals) was drawn from the Paladins of France, the heroes of those romances which, in the xiiith century, were translated and read by the Greeks, (Ducange, Fam. Byzant. p. 258.)
22 See Cantacuzene, (l. iii. c. 24, 30, 36.)
23 Saserna, in Gaul, and Columella, in Italy or Spain, allow two yoke of oxen, two drivers, and six laborers, for two hundred jugera (125 English acres) of arable land, and three more men must be added if there be much underwood, (Columella de Re Rustica, l. ii. c. 13, p 441, edit. Gesner.)
24 In this enumeration (l. iii. c. 30) the French translation of the president Cousin is blotted with three palpable and essential errors. 1. He omits the 1000 yoke of working oxen. 2. He interprets by the number of fifteen hundred. 3. He confounds myriads with chiliads, and gives Cantacuzene no more than 5000 hogs. Put not your trust in translations! Note: There seems to be another reading. Niebuhr's edit. in los. - M.
25 See the regency and reign of John Cantacuzenus, and the whole progress of the civil war, in his own history, (l. iii. c. 1 - 100, p. 348 - 700,) and in that of Nicephorus Gregoras, (l. xii. c. 1 - l. xv. c. 9, p. 353 - 492.)
26 He assumes the royal privilege of red shoes or buskins; placed on his head a mitre of silk and gold; subscribed his epistles with hyacinth or green ink, and claimed for the new, whatever Constantine had given to the ancient, Rome, (Cantacuzen. l. iii. c. 36. Nic. Gregoras, l. xiv. c. 3.)
*_0024 She died there through persecution and neglect. - M.
27 Gregoras (l. xii. c. 5.) confesses the innocence and virtues of Cantacuzenus, the guilt and flagitious vices of Apocaucus; nor does he dissemble the motive of his personal and religious enmity to the former.
Note: They were the religious enemies and persecutors of Nicephorus.


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By Pat Baird
This is the consummate guiltless dessert: fat- and cholesterol-free! A big, plump strawberry sliced thin (not all the way through) and fanned out makes an attractive garnish.
Makes 12 servings
Ingredients1¼ cups superfine sugar, divided1 cup sifted cake flour12 large egg whites, at room temperature1 teaspoon cream of tartar½ teaspoon salt2 teaspoons vanilla extract
1. Preheat oven to 375 F.
2. In a medium bowl, whisk together ¾ cup of sugar and all of the cake flour. Set aside.
3. In a large bowl, using an electric mixer at medium speed, beat the egg whites until they are thick and foamy. (Having the egg whites at room temperature is important in order for them to beat high and fluffy, so be sure to allow them to sit out for 20 to 30 minutes.) Increase the speed to high, then add the cream of tartar, salt and vanilla. Beat until soft peaks form, then sprinkle the remaining sugar gradually over the top of the batter while still beating. Continue to beat until stiff and glossy. Do not overbeat.
4. In three batches, gently (and quickly) fold the flour mixture into the egg white mixture, using a rubber spatula, slotted spoon or large balloon whisk. Pour the batter into an ungreased 10-inch tube pan with removable sides; use a narrow metal spatula or sharp knife to cut through the batter and eliminate any air pockets.
5. Bake for 30 to 35 minutes, or until a tester inserted in the center comes out clean.
6. Invert the cake over a funnel or narrow bottle to cool. Run a long, thin knife around the side of the cake and release the sides of the pan.
Nutrition information (per serving)Calories: 130Carbohydrate: 28gProtein: 4gFat: 0gSodium: 190gCholesterol: 0mg
Copyright (c) 2010 Studio One Networks. All rights reserved.
Recipe developed by Pat Baird, registered dietitian and member of the National Heartburn Alliance Board of Directors. She is also the author of numerous award-winning articles and cookbooks, including Be Good to Your Gut.
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Browsing Working Papers (ECON) by Author "Hole, Arne Risa"
Now showing items 1-2 of 2
Andersen, Steffen; Harrison, Glenn W.; Hole, Arne Risa; Rutström, E. Elisabet (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We develop an extension of the familiar linear mixed logit model to allow for the direct estimation of parametric non-linear functions defined over structural parameters. A classic application is the estimation of coefficients of utility functions to characterize risk attitudes. There are several unexpected benefits of this extension, apart from the ability to directly estimate structural parameters of theoretical interest. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8171
Files in this item: 1wp4-2010.pdf (174.4Kb)
Andersen, Steffen; Harrison, Glenn W.; Hole, Arne Risa; Rutström, E. Elisabet (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Experimental data exhibit considerable individual heterogeneity. We review the econometric methods employed to characterize that heterogeneity. We pay particular attention to the trade-off between collecting and allowing for observable characteristics, such as the familiar demographics, and the use of statistical methods to allow for unobserved individual heterogeneity. We demonstrate that these tools are complementary. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7802
Files in this item: 1wp2009-6.pdf (420.1Kb)
Now showing items 1-2 of 2


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- 5 Beds
- 5 Full, 1 Half
- 7,736 +/- Sqft
Property TypeResidential – Single Family
SubdivisionPilgrim Downs
Listing Date06/12/19
Year Built1988
AreaLake Creek
Lot Size5.11 Acres (222,592 SqFt)
Parking3 Car Garage
Property Description
Pilgrim Downs Newest Mountain Modern Retreat Situated on 5-acres of gorgeous aspens with water features and reflecting pond. Peaceful, Secluded, Surrounded by Nature all with Coveted Mountain Views. Designed with the finest finishes, electronics and Smarthome features throughout. The home is filled with natural light, sliding egress blurs the line between indoor and outdoor living with extensive outdoor decks and patios. Effective Year Built 2018
Presented By
- Creek or River
- Creek/River
- Meadow
- Mountains
- Woods
- Cross Country Trails
- Equestrian Center
- Hiking/Pedestrian Trail
- On Site Management
- Zoned for Horses
- Cable Available
- Deck
- Dual Flush Toilets
- ESTAR Exhaust Fan
- ESTAR Light Fixture
- Fireplace - Gas
- Jetted Bathtub
- Patio
- Steam
- Vaulted Ceilings
- WaterSense Toilet(s)
- Wired for Cable
- On Site Management
- See Remarks
- Cable TV
- Electricity Avail.
- Natural Gas Avail.
- Phone Available
- Septic In Place
- Trash Pickup
- Well In Place
- Forced Air
- Radiant
- ESTAR Ceiling Fans
- Dryer - Electric
- Dryer - Gas
- Washer
Financial Information
About Lake Creek
Located in a beautiful valley tucked into the hills just west of Edwards, Lake Creek is a community that feels much farther away. While only a few minutes from Edwards, Lake Creek offers a rural setting where many ranching activities still occur. The two gated developments within this valley are Creamery Ranch and Pilgrim Downs. With no two homes alike, this community is perfect for those who value their independence, privacy and the natural surroundings. The quiet, peaceful valley doesn't get a lot of traffic, and the privacy of each property offers unparalleled serenity. Views of the Sawatch Range are spectacular, adding to the feeling of solitude that Lake Creek delivers just minutes from Vail and Beaver Creek. Without many restrictions on what can be built in Lake Creek, homes vary in size and scope. Some of the county's most extraordinary homes are located here. With its dark sky and natural surroundings, within close proximity to all of the valley's world-class outdoor recreation, restaurants and shopping, Lake Creek is a community where you can get away from it all without having to go too far.
Area Market Data
8 Beds 9.5 Baths
7 Beds 8.5 Baths
We get asked this question a lot. Below is a tool that gives you the ability to see what the market is like in your community. Find out what homes like your own are selling for right in your back yard. Simply enter in your address, choose the proximity of the search and find out market data for other homes that are selling near you.
While we'll provide you with plenty of information, this is a snapshot of your market data and there are real people behind the high-tech and automated tools. If you would like more detailed information or help in understanding the results we are here to help.
Until then, enjoy the tools!
The data relating to the real estate for sale on this website comes in part from the Internet Data Exchange program of the Vail Multi-List Service, Inc.
Copyright © 2019 Vail Multi List, Inc. (VMLS). The information displayed herein was derived from sources believed to be accurate, but has not been verified by VMLS. Buyers are cautioned to verify all information to their own satisfaction. This information is exclusively for viewers' personal, non- commercial use. Any republication or reproduction of the information herein without the express permission of the VMLS is strictly prohibited.
Listing courtesy of Engel and Volkers


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|Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Arts and Sciences
|Race and Ethnic Relations
|Three semester hours.
|Critical analysis of the concepts of race and ethnicity and the changing basis for racial and ethnic identity in the multicultural United States. An examination of patterns of dominant-minority relations in the United States as compared to other world societies. An overview of the history and current social conditions of Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans and European Americans. Prerequisite: Junior standing.
Home - General Information - Student Services -
Academic Undergraduate Regulations -
Undergraduate Degrees - Academic Graduate Regulations -
Graduate Degrees - Course Descriptions - Faculty -
Appendix A - Appendix B - Appendix C - Appendix D


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Every day is Oktoberfest at this Cleveland spinoff of the Bavarian beer hall. Sit outside and order pretzels and lager.
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Michigan Theatre to Perform 'Cabaret-Like' Show of Religious Songs From Broadway
To celebrate Easter Sunday, a production company in Michigan will be performing a medley of popular musical pieces from religiously-themed productions.
The Fourth Wall, an arts and entertainment venue in Jackson, will be performing "The Bible According to Broadway" on Friday and Saturday evening.
The production will include talented locals from the Jackson, Michigan area. Songs performed by the extensive cast will include opuses from "Godspell," "Joseph and The Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat," "Fiddler On The Roof," and "Jesus Christ Superstar."
In an interview with local media, Fourth Wall owner Gary Minix explained that the timing for "The Bible According to Broadway" was intentional.
"We really wanted to do something for Easter," said Minix to Zeke Jennings of Mlive Media Group. "It's going to be a real cabaret-like show…It should be a lot of fun."
Minix credited his wife, Marjy, also an experienced performer, with coming up with the idea of compiling songs for a production to commemorate Easter.
This is not the first time Minix has been involved in a mainstream religious production. A couple years ago Minix was involved in a production of "Jesus Christ Superstar."
"I absolutely adored doing 'Godspell' at the Bon Ton Room a few years ago," said Minix, referring to a music venue that is also located in Jackson.
While "The Bible According to Broadway" will likely lack controversy over its performance, other biblically-themed play performances during this Lenten season were not so tame.
In late February, the Royal Shakespeare Company announced that it would perform a "movement piece" inspired by the Song of Solomon. Despite taking many of the lines directly from the Bible, director Struan Leslie vowed to make it secular and erotic.
"…[A]nyone who comes to it (the play) expecting a 'biblical epic' is going to be disappointed, although it will have that energy to it as far as the text goes. But it's not going to be a religious piece at all," said Leslie in an interview with the U.K. publication The Telegraph.
"One of the other things we're interested in doing is escaping the Judeo-Christian tradition of it and opening it up to other possibilities."
The Fourth Wall did not return request for comments by press time.


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US Equestrian's Learning Center is your source for knowledge and information: a vast library of educational videos featuring elite athletes, trainers, and industry experts—plus extra resources.
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Take Action
Our Campaigns
Election 2019: Making our voices heard
Working towards a new era of Australian support for Tibet in 2019
Our Stories
Photo competition – Justice For Tibetan Nomads
Check out the top ten images and the winner of our photo competition, which was linked to our campaign Justice For Tibetan Nomads.read more
Grasslands: Songs and stories from Tibet
Join our Sydney event, 15 June, as we launch a new report that looks at what we can learn from the nomads of Tibet on how we care for our environment.read more
Election 2019: Where do our political parties stand on Tibet?
In the lead up to the federal election on 18 May, we asked the leading political parties where they stand on Tibet. Here are their responses.read more


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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Most volcanoes occur on plate boundaries. Plate boundaries
are areas where Earth's shifting plates meet or split apart,
usually with violent results.
Plate margins that are coming together are called convergent
margins, while those that are splitting apart are called divergent.
A third type, transform-fault margins, are sliding against
each other, going in opposite directions (like those of the
San Andreas Fault). Volcanoes can occur on convergent or divergent
plate margins or over a hotspot, a spot inside the mantle
that heats an area of the plate above it.
Colliding Plates
Along convergent margins, when two plates meet, sometimes one descends, usually of oceanic composition, beneath the other, usually of continental composition, in a process called subduction. As the descending plate is forced deeper into the mantle, parts of it begin to melt and form magma that rises to the surface, often in explosive eruptions. Subduction zones tend to create large, classic, cone-shaped volcanoes called stratovolcanoes, such as Mt. St. Helens in Washington State, or Mt. Shasta in California.
Separating Plates
At divergent margins, plates are coming apart and hot rock
forces its way to the surface. Many divergent plate margins
are under the oceans, creating long undersea rift zones that
fill with lava. In some eruptions at divergent margins, the
relatively calm, smooth flow of lava creates volcanoes with
gently sloping sides, called shield volcanoes.
Hotspots can also cause shield volcanoes to form. As plates
move over hotspots, volcanoes spring up and die down in turn,
often creating an island chain. The Hawaiian Islands are the
result of a hotspot.
[Read More About DYNAMIC EARTH]
"Volcanoes" is inspired by programs
from Earth Revealed.
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


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Romero's rough start in Minors casts doubt on role
Left-hander throws less than half his pitches for strikes while working on mechanics
DUNEDIN, Fla. -- Ricky Romero's troubling Spring Training took another turn for the worse.
Toronto's left-hander started a Minor League game Thursday afternoon, but once again struggled to command the majority of his pitches.
Romero was up in the zone for most of the afternoon and allowed four runs, walking five as he recorded only eight outs. He threw only 29 of his 64 pitches for strikes and has two Spring Training starts remaining to figure it out.
"We're trying to get him back on track," general manager Alex Anthopoulos said. "That's always been the gameplan. Obviously, he wants to get back on track, as well. You can never dictate when it's going to happen, when it's all going to come together.
"You'll see flashes, you'll see glimpses, but it's just for him putting it together from a consistency standpoint. We'll just continue to work at it."
Romero pitched against players who likely will start the year at the Class A Advanced level in an attempt to focus less on results and more on his altered mechanics.
The Blue Jays want Romero to pitch with his hips a little more squared to the plate. The hope is that the adjustment will provide a better finish to his pitches, while also improving overall command.
Romero began throwing that way in his last start against the Tigers and was back at it in the Minor League setting Thursday. There were glimpses of success, but the overall results were mixed.
He was unable to finish the first and second innings. Each frame ended with two out and runners on base as Romero reached his pitch limit and players were called off the field. The problems were less severe in the third, but Romero still surrendered a deep two-run homer to left before being pulled in the fourth with one out.
"It was a tough outing," pitching coach Pete Walker said. "I thought he started off well, a couple of seeing-eye ground balls -- which could have easily been ground-ball outs, which would have been nice to start the day. But it didn't go the way we anticipated.
"Initially, I think he made some strides with the delivery. The subtle changes he's making are a work in progress, and today, in that first inning, I thought it was a step in the right direction, and just the results weren't very good from the second through the fourth inning."
The Blue Jays have been adamant since the start of Spring Training that Romero's job as their No. 5 starter is not in doubt. Both the front office and coaching staff stated his spot was secure, but with less than two weeks to go until Opening Day, that stance could change.
Toronto had Walker and bullpen coach Pat Hentgen on hand to watch Romero's outing. Anthopoulos and assistant general manager Tony LaCava also skipped the club's road game in Port Charlotte, Fla., to watch Romero.
Anthopoulos opened the door -- at least slightly -- for the club to seek an alternative option for its fifth starter when asked if Romero's job was still guaranteed.
"We evaluate it start by start," Anthopoulos said. "We've said we have our five starters, he's one of our five starters. As we go through it, the first conversation I've had about it is right now.
"I'll talk to [manager John Gibbons], talk to Pete. We'll talk to the player, as well. We haven't had any change of plans. The plans are still the same, but just like anything else, you're constantly evaluating."
Anthopoulos was then further pressed on the issue by another reporter. A comment was made that Anthopoulos seemed to be saying Romero could potentially begin the year at Triple-A.
Pressed further -- and asked whether he was implying Romero could start the season with Triple-A Buffalo -- Anthopoulos attempted to downplay the speculation, but did not rule out the scenario. It appears that, for the first time this spring, the club is weighing all of its options with Romero.
"Right now, our plans haven't changed," Anthopoulos said. "I just got done seeing the performance and just giving my first thoughts, but we haven't even talked about it yet. Right now, everything is still status quo. We're still on course to have the team we were planning to have."
Romero's been down this road before and isn't exactly a stranger to pitching with his back against the wall.
He struggled with command while he played for Double-A New Hampshire, but overcame it to earn a promotion to the big leagues and enjoy three quality seasons before struggles arose again last year.
Romero posted a 9-14 record with a 5.77 ERA last season, walking a career-high 105 batters. The struggles carried over into the spring, and now Romero finds himself looking to prove he can overcome it once again.
The 28-year-old still has a pair of starts before the end of camp to solidify his role with the team. The problem is that he's trying to prove he can perform while also working through adjustments.
That's a daunting task for any pitcher in a results-based industry, but the hope and expectation still remains that he'll be ready to go once the season begins.
"I think so, it's happened before," said Romero, asked if there was enough time before Opening Day to make the necessary changes. "As much as I hate going to the past, three years ago I was really, really close to being sent down for the same reason, being inconsistent in the strike zone.
"It's something that can be fixed. We did it before in two weeks, and one day everything kind of clicks. It's about staying mentally strong, talking about it and just letting certain stuff out."


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Workload Manager Policy in XML Format - Part IV
MartinPacker 11000094DH Visits (11668)
So here's yet another way of parsing the WLM XML Service Definition. This time it's on z/OS, using DFSORT. Relatively recent features in DFSORT have made it easier to do useful things with XML. In this example I've made some attempt to make the output pretty - by creating a HTML table. Below is the SYSIN you need to parse the <SchedulingEnvironment> elements. I'm assuming you know how to... [More]


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Everyone knows how exciting camping in a truck can be. Cheapest Cross Country Moving Company in Gauteng nothing can be better than enjoying the nature by yourself. Having your own spacious ride further supplements the experience. Sleeping in your own truck while enjoying the fresh air is an amazing thing to do if traveling is in your blood. However, it is imperative to have a truck bed tent to ensure a pleasant camping experience. Often we consider securing the tent on the ground using ropes. Setting up such tent can be inconvenient.
Truck bed tents come with a number of benefits that every camper is well aware of. Nevertheless, Full Service Moving Nyc there are numerous options available in the market when it comes to purchasing a Tacoma bed tent. This creates confusion while choosing the best one. Here are some factors everyone must consider while purchasing a truck bed tent: Type There is a wide variety of truck tents to choose from but the ideal one depends entirely on the type of ride. Additional cargo space hatchback tents are the most appropriate for smaller SUVs and vehicles.
Tents designed for pickup trucks can be utilized as well but it is advisable to go for a model that is easier to install. Universal camping tents are available for frequent travelers that can fit on any type and size of the vehicle. Size Size is an important factor to take into account. Even though the size of the tent will depend on your vehicle but make sure you choose a truck bed tent that has enough space for you to sleep comfortably. One of the general rules you can apply while purchasing your option is that select a truck bed tent that has the capacity to accommodate more than one needed.
How to Wrap Furniture for Moving and Storage
Durability It is important to look into how durable a truck bed tent is. During the camping experience, you will face harsh climate. There are models designed to protect from external aspects. Go for wind-proof, water-proof and stormproof models. This will enhance the overall comfort. Moreover, Nationwide Moving Services the overall durability also affects how long your tent will last. If you consider your truck bed tent as an investment, then go for the most durable option in the market. Seasonality Truck bed tents are also designed according to their seasonality. There are usually three season tents in common.
These tents are designed for camping in summer, spring and fall. They are designed to maintain good airflow with sufficient ventilation. Four season tents are designed to resist snow and a bit of cold as well. If you want a tent for camping in winters, then choose four season tent. Features Not all truck bed tents are designed in the same manner. All are not created equal. Each tent has different features associated with it. A tent featuring more facilities would cost a bit higher. Nevertheless, consider the height and length of the truck. This will depend on how tall you are. Another important consideration contains tent poles. Normally, the poles are made of lightweight and durable material like fibreglass and aluminium. Choose tent poles that are ideal for camping.
Aluminum poles are the most common option since they can withstand heavy winds. In today's day and age, we have a plethora of options to select from when it comes to purchasing Tacoma bed tents. There is a wide variety available each of them coming with its own set of features. However, consider the options above and make sure you choose it from a reputable retailer. Selecting the right option would enhance the overall experience. Conclusion: If you want to buy a new truck bed tent then you must have to follow the above-mentioned things in this way you will get a good truck bed tent that will fit your needs.
Cheapest Cross Country Moving Company in Gauteng ?
Having spent more than 30 years of my life in the household goods moving industry, I have a lifetime of experiences. Recently, one of my kids asked me: what was the funniest thing that ever happened to me during my years as a mover? Well, I did not even have to think about it . . . I remember it like it was yesterday.
Interesting things can happen to movers and they can meet some "special" people along their journey. Once, while I was at a storage facility in Los Angeles, California, I sat down beside the owner of the company to take a little break. This particular storage facility looked run down and in very poor shape. It was in a bad part of town and basically looked like it needed to be torn down. There was a reason it had this appearance.
From the outside, one would think that it was a meaningless, worthless building . . . but this storage company actually held the belongings of the rich and famous. Celebrities stored their items at this business because of the way it appeared. It was an ingenious concept by the owner of the company. While we sat together chatting, his warehouse guys were "digging" out a very nice automobile for its owner who was on her way down to pick it up. If my memory serves me correctly, it was a black Porsche. Shortly, a young lady came in and walked up to the owner and me. She politely looked at me and said, "hello," and began visiting with the owner. Later, she hopped in the Porsche and drove away. Looking at the owner, I made the comment that she looked very familiar, but I couldn't place her. He just laughed and said, "That was Christina Applegate!" Now, how cool is that? Little did I know that three years later I would be back at this same storage building and it would be the site for the funniest thing that ever happened to me as a mover.
Then, without skipping a beat, she extended her arm and in her hand was my tip . . . a banana. Yes, that's right . . . a banana. Caught in a moment of utter confusion, I was still able to reply with a soft spoken, "Thank you," and with that . . . she was gone. I turned to the owner of the company as if to cry out for help and he did the only thing he could do . . . he just bursted out laughing!
I said my goodbyes and walked out to my Freightliner and made my way back onto Route 110, then Highway 101 to Interstate 210, and finally Interstate 15. As I settled in for my journey out of California toward my next pick up, I just could not stop laughing.
I reached over for my cooler and pulled out a nice, cold soda. I had to admit that I was feeling very tired and a little hungry. I glanced over to the passenger seat and saw my "tip" staring back at me . . . a bright, yellow banana.
Becoming a Furniture Mover
Your floors need special protection when undergoing remodeling, during new construction, moving heavy furniture or equipment, and for other events beyond day-to-day use. Protecting flooring makes sense and saves money. A spill of paint, the drop of a hammer, a scratch from heavy furniture can cost thousands of dollars in replacement and repair costs. This article describes surface protection products for floors so that you can make informed choices on the best product to use for your needs.
Types of Protection Packaging:
Floor protection products are commonly packaged as either:
(1) Products by the roll: These include common adhesive films, rolled paper products and rolled textile protection. Protective materials purchased by the roll are commonly measured in thickness by mils (e.g., 2.5 mils thick up to 48 mils thick).
(2) Products by the sheet: These include corrugated plastic, masonite, and other rigid protection. Protective materials purchased by the sheet are commonly measured in thickness by the inch (e.g., 1/4-inch thick) and normally come as 4 feet by 8 feet.
Type of Flooring Protection:
Paper protection is suitable for all hard surfaces and resilient surfaces but does not work well to protect carpets as it can tear when flexing under footsteps. Paper products are breathable so that glue fumes and cement curing vapors can escape. One disadvantage to paper products as they require tapes to secure them to flooring and tapes can often leave adhesive residue when removed. Common paper protection products include:
· Ramboard™ A coated compressed paper board 38 mils thick that is breathable, water resistant and made from recycled paper.
· Kraft paper is a lightweight brown paper that is inexpensive but does not afford any impact protection and can easily tear
· Scrim paper may incorporate coatings or reinforcements to make them water resistant as well as scrim threads to reinforce the paper and prevent tearing. These improved papers are longer lasting than regular Kraft paper or rosin paper however they are also too thin to offer much impact protection.
- Surface Liner Vapor™ is the newest textile product to market and is both breathable and leakproof. Microscopic pores in the plastic liner allow vapor to escape yet are too small for common liquids to penetrate. This rolled product is also easy to keep clean as the plastic top can be swept daily to keep it looking good.
- EZ Cover™ is manufactured to protect cement slabs or decorative cement while curing. It has a soft felt bottom and compressed paper backing that allows the floor to breathe. EZ Cover is commonly used in both commercial and residential applications and is easy to cut to size as needed.
Applying the Surface Protection
In order to obtain the full benefits of using surface protection, proper application is a must. The floors should be clean (vacuumed or swept) prior to covering with the protection products. The proper choice of protection should be made so that moisture is not trapped on floors that are still curing. Trapping moisture can cause a full product failure and will invalidate a wood floor manufacturer's warranty. For heavy traffic or loads, several protection layers may be needed.
In summary, there are many choices in temporary floor protection available today. When choosing a protection product, it is wise to consider the cost, duration needed, breathability and potential to reuse the product. Successful floor protection also includes proper installation and preparation of the floor. Always follow the manufacturer's recommendation for use so the potential for adhesive transfer is avoided. Protecting valuable floors is a wise investment in time and money. Surface protection experts are also available to help you choose the best floor protection for your needs.


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Salaam and Greetings of Peace:
Seek help in patience and prayer; and truly it is hard save for the humble-minded,
Who know that they will have to meet their Lord, and unto Him they are returning.
(Quran 2:45-46)
Patience and prayer, two attributes that lift the foot in humility to take a step on the path of Love. Prayer by the Sufi zekr, with each inhalation and exhalation of the breath, and patience forged of acceptance of all that happens, in the certain knowledge that to Him we are returning.
In the Mathnawi, Rumi writes that a piece of iron when kept for long in the fire begins not only to look like fire, but to burn like fire. This is the soul purified by patience and prayer, which are each an act of love. Love is the fire that lights the Way.
And this is my resolution for the New Year. God give me the strength to be steadfast, to be resolute, in patience and prayer and love. Amin.
What are your resolutions for this New Year of 2009/1430?
Ya Haqq!


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The Aldrich Alert
A Publication of the Patrick Henry Center for Individual Liberty
by Gary Aldrich - Volume 2, Issue 3
This article appeared on WorldNetDaily.com on Thursday, January 10, 2002.
"Sen. Daschle, may we have our new government, please? Our country is under attack, and we know President Bush's approval ratings are through the roof, and it's understandable that this unforeseen development has you and your fellow liberals nervous. But, you see, we had this constitutional election way back in November of 2000, and it's been more than a year now, but President Bush is not being allowed to build his new government you know, the one we voted in? We think this may be 'Obstruction of Government' and we believe this is endangering national security."
Thus reads an imaginary letter an average citizen might write if they were trying to move an obstructive, dishonest self-serving liberal out of the way so our new president could get on with the business of building our economy while protecting our homeland. But, it didn't start with Sen. Daschle a small man with a smaller population base to support the "monkey-wrenching" he's lately been about. The wholesale obstruction began on Election Day, 2000.
Recall that the presidential election was so close, then Vice-president Gore decided to throw a "Hail Mary pass" to steal away an election. The playing field was the state of Florida, and the players were teams of lawyers flown in to confuse, spin, and lie enough to create serious doubt about the election's outcome. The entire nation was put on hold while the lawyers battled it out in the various courts and, finally, the U.S. Supreme Court visited the issue and put the matter to rest.
As we all know now, President Bush won the election by a whisker but he won nonetheless. Later, comprehensive examinations by well-known liberal news organizations proved what we already knew that Bush won the election. So those of us who worked hard to wrench abuse and corruption not to mention silliness out of the White House, looked forward to getting on with the business of building a new government.
We also yearned for the rebuilding of the various agencies that stand ready to protect us all like the Department of Defense, and the Department of Justice, the Central Intelligence Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and U.S. Customs which had become a cesspool of incompetence and abuse under Bill Clinton. From our point of view, many important agencies had suffered from a liberal's view of how to defend a nation or not defend it, if you believe some of the real skeptics among us, which includes me.
But Clinton and Gore would not allow President-elect Bush to open his transition office and many weeks were lost, from Election Day to Inauguration Day while the lawyers fought it out. Even when it became fairly clear that George W. Bush was going to prevail, still the Clinton administration denied Bush the keys to the offices, and the use of agencies like the FBI, that have responsibility to screen the top-level nominees chosen by the new administration.
So, President Bush got off to a slow start and that would not have been all that bad unless you factor in a significant threat to the well being of this nation. On Sept. 11, 2001, terrorists launched the greatest single attack on our soil that had ever occurred. We are still digging the bodies out of the rubble, 121 days after the attack and 398 days after the election of our new government.
In spite of that, the liberals led by Sen. Daschle and James Carville mean to deny the citizens of this country the new government that we have elected, by doing everything conceivable to deny President Bush the ability to govern. This amounts to "Obstruction of Government" but no federal law exists to prosecute those who would put political party above the national security and economy of this nation. "Let them eat cake and bullets," could be the rallying cry of these unpatriotic parasites, in my view. They want to maintain a tenuous hold on power, and they don't much care how they do it, or who is hurt in the process.
Having made a good-faith effort to work with the Senate liberals, President Bush is now faced with the task of appointing his chosen government officials with recess appointments, which must be making the liberals jump for joy. Bush's need to get on with protecting this nation will give the liberals the "equivalency" argument they have been waiting for. Clinton made a few recess appointments, but that's because his nominees were proven to be unacceptable to a weak-kneed Senate that had allowed so many flawed Clinton selections to flow through the nominating process. Can you imagine what the FBI dug up on Clinton's recess appointees to force our senators to locate their backbones and to refuse to confirm them?
And so federal judges and under-secretaries of state, and high-level managers in every single agency under the supervision of the executive branch must see the appointment process dragged out forever if Sen. Daschle and James Carville have their way.
You thought you elected a new government in the year 2000? Think again. With "patriots" like Daschle and Carville allowed to obstruct government, it will take years for the real Bush administration to emerge. Let's hope we can get the government we elected before the next recession, or before another jetliner is hijacked and plowed into yet another landmark.
Sen. Daschle, James Carville you, sirs, have no shame. It appears you would do anything to maintain your ill-used powers.


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Good people sometimes make bad choices.
We understand the anguish and uncertainty a Pine Lake, Georgia DUI charge can bring. Our legal team has helped hundreds of clients get their life back on track.
We are ready to help you! Call 404-310-9795 or use our free consultation form.
At The Law Offices of Troy P. Hendrick, we take the approach that each and every Pine Lake, Georgia DUI (driving under the influence) case can be won!
We believe that in the overwhelming majority of cases, the Pine Lake police officer or the state of Georgia has made mistakes in the prosecution of your case that will lead to opportunities to achieve a positive outcome in your DUI case.
Experience You Can Trust
Troy P. Hendrick is a former prosecutor in DeKalb County, Georgia, who now exclusively handles criminal defense cases. Troy maintains current certification from the same DUI instructors who train police officers and he has received the same courses in standardized field sobriety evaluation as the officers on the street. Particularly important is the edge this gives Troy in cross-examining police officers. Troy also attends courses regarding the operation of the blood alcohol testing devices, including the Intoxilyzer 5000 and 9000.
Proven Courtroom Trial Record
He has extensive trial experience having handled thousands of cases from DUI, drugs, violent crimes, traffic cases and many others throughout his career. Now as a defense attorney, Troy uses this previous career knowledge to help build more effective cases against the government's attorneys.
Awards and specialized DUI training
When you hire Mr. Hendrick, you have a former Georgia prosecutor with a law degree from Wake Forest University Law School and certification from The National College for DUI Defense program at Harvard Law School representing you and your DUI charges.
Troy has been practicing for 12 years, 10 as a DUI defense attorney. Since 2012, Troy has annually been named one of Georgia's "Legal Elite" by Georgia Trend Magazine as selected by peers in the legal community, and was named a "Rising Star" by Thomson Reuters' "SuperLawyers" publication for 2014 (superlawyers.com).
Saving your license can be the single most important benefit of contacting an attorney immediately upon being charged.
Pine Lake, Georgia Driving Under the Influence Criminal Defense
We approach your Pine Lake driving under the influence case with a "we-can-win-it" attitude, we keep our minds open to any and all possibilities to be successful in the defense of your case and in defense of your Georgia and United States Constitutional Rights. When you hire The Law Offices of Troy P. Hendrick, you have done everything in your power to achieve the best result possible.
If you are arrested for and charged with a DUI, the State of Georgia has been training and funding an entire system to prosecute you for the last 25 years. To level the playing field and get it tipped in your direction look to the Law Offices of Troy P. Hendrick.
He understands that many Pine Lake DUI cases are legally flawed due to a lack of "reasonable suspicion" to pull the vehicle over in the first place or/and there was a lack of "probable cause" to continue the investigation.
Our team works tirelessly through the use of experts, doctors, investigators, technology and the law to find areas of your case in which the state of Georgia has failed to meet its burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
Hiring a committed Georgia DUI lawyer is the first step toward putting your mind at rest and ensuring that you have the best chance at reducing the negative impact that a Pine Lake driving under the influence charge can have on your life and your future.
The best results are achieved when our firm and experts have an opportunity to get involved early and quickly in the legal process. Do not delay, call the Georgia DUI Law Firm of Troy P. Hendrick at 404-310-9795 or use our FREE consultation form here.
One of the most severe consequences of a Georgia DUI charge is the loss of your privilege to drive in Georgia for up to one year. People have to make a living, and to make a living, we all have to drive. Saving your license can be the single-most important benefit of contacting an attorney immediately upon being charged.
The "Ten Day Rule" refers to certain requests that must be made within ten days of a DUI arrest in order to maximize your chances of being able to drive. Begin your search for an attorney immediately upon being charged. Make sure you give him or her ample time to file the necessary paperwork with the Department of Drivers' Services to ensure the maximum opportunity to save your privilege to drive and make a living.


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When I showed that stack of basswood back in September, I had a very good idea of what it would become: wood carvings. There was a problem however with revealing very much or showing you progress along the way. Most of the carvings were intended as gifts for this Christmas season. So, I wrote about other aspects of wood carving, just enough to keep the blog barely alive, and maybe not all that interesting.
In the mean time, I was having a fine time at the carving bench. It is my great fortune to have arrived at a stage of life where I can pursue making things that interest me. I almost said … "in making beautiful things," but that presumes too much. So, I'll just make things. And a lot of them will be whimsical. Caricatures are drawing my attention these days, so these Santa characters are the result. My start was the work of a particular carver, but I veered off in my own direction after only a few in his style. Every character that now emerges from a block of wood is different, and all are fun to create.
All of the carvings have been delivered to their intended recipients, so now I can show some of them here. Some went to family members, some to friends, one to a NY Yankees fan, and some to an Etsy shop. No more commentary. Just the pictures. (As always, click on a picture to see a larger view.)
Merry Christmas everyone!


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Anticipating trends, fashion and behaviour, Michal Negrin remains at the forefront - creating dresses, tunics, blouses, skirts, tops and printed jackets, with each new collection.Our fabrics display colourful images from Michal's fantasy world - printed digitally each garment is individually cut, sewn and finally hand-decorated with crystals and other sparkling elements. Michal Negrin's stunningly beautiful garments are customized according to size and body proportions, using a unique graphic design technique.Accessories include bags, scarves, belts, brooches and more – each an exclusive and exciting original "piece" created with Michal's special touch.
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May 4, 2015. I sat across my Senior Projects professor in his office. He had called me in to discuss some concerns he had with my project. Mainly, he was under the impression that I had pirated software, which I hadn't. I showed him some exchanges I had with a rep at the software company, and he was convinced that I had done my project legitimately. I thought that was it, and I was free to go.
But then he leaned forward and told me he had something he felt was more important to discuss.
Updated 03-20-2017 at 11:06 PM by Nitram


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Internet Use Procedures & Policies
Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU) provides its users with Internet access and electronic communications services as required for the performance and fulfillment of job responsibilities.
Users must understand that this access is for the purpose of enhancing education and/or increasing productivity and not for non-University activities. Users must also understand that any connection to the Internet offers an opportunity for non-authorized users to view or access University information. Therefore, it is important that all connections be secure, controlled, and monitored.
To this end, users at PVAMU should have no expectation of privacy while using University-owned or University-leased equipment. Information passing through or stored on University equipment can and will be monitored. Users should also understand that PVAMU maintains the right to monitor and review Internet use and e-mail communications sent or received by users as necessary.
Permitted Use
The Internet connection and e-mail system of PVAMU is primarily for University use. Occasional and reasonable personal use is permitted, provided that this does not interfere with the performance of work duties and responsibilities.
Users may use PVAMU Internet services for personal improvement, outside of scheduled hours of work, provided that such use is consistent with professional conduct and is not for personal financial gain.
Users may send and receive e-mail attachments that do not exceed 2 MB in size, provided that all attachments are scanned before they are opened by PVAMU's chosen antivirus software (McAfee Virus Scan).
Users must observe professional, ethical guidelines and any University procedures and guidelines; federal or state applicable laws when sending and/or receiving messages for University or non-University purposes.
Prohibited Use
Users shall not use PVAMU Internet or e-mail services to view, download, save, receive, or send material related to or including:
Offensive content of any kind, including pornographic material.
Promoting discrimination on the basis of race, gender, national origin, age, marital status, sexual orientation, religion, or disability.
Threatening or violent behavior.
Illegal activities.
Commercial messages.
Messages of a religious, political, or racial nature.
Gambling of any form or type.
Personal financial gain.
Forwarding e-mail chain letters
Spamming e-mail accounts from PVAMU e-mail services or University machines
Material protected under copyright laws – includes many MP3 music and movie (DVD and other) entertainment files
Sending University-sensitive information by e-mail or over the Internet.
Dispersing confidential University data to PVAMU students, employees, business associates or anyone outside the University without authorization.
Opening files received from the Internet without performing a virus scan.
Tampering with your University handle in order to misrepresent yourself and the University to others.
PVAMU users are responsible for:
Honoring acceptable use policies of networks accessed through PVAMU Internet and e-mail services.
Abiding by existing federal, state, and local telecommunications and networking laws and regulations.
Following copyright laws regarding protected commercial software or intellectual property.
Minimizing unnecessary network traffic that may interfere with the ability of others to make effective use of PVAMU's network resources.
Using logical, professional, ethical, University policy and other applicable laws, guidelines and procedures to maintain the security of sensitive information.
Violations will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. If it is determined that a user has violated one or more of the above use regulations, that user will may receive a University initiated reprimand and his or her future use may be closely monitored. If a gross violation has occurred, IT management in conjunction with Human Resources will take immediate action. Such action may result in losing Internet and/or e-mail privileges, severe reprimand, or termination of employment or student registration at PVAMU.


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Limited Edition A State Of Trance Box 2004-2009!
A perfect gift for the holiday season and perfect present for the A State of Trance fans: The limited edition A State of Trance Box 2004-2009. With 12 cd's and 6 editions of Armin van Buuren's popular A State of Trance compilation series in one special box. This must-have and collector's item for every single trance fan, is out now!
The award-winning series has been going strong since 2004 and will continue doing so in the upcoming years. This A State Of Trance Box will bring back all memories of those 6 years. A must-have for all A State of Trance lovers! Order it on ArmadaShop.com now!
Armada Music now offers you a chance to win yourself this lovely Christmas present. Answer the following question: 'How many tracks are featured on the A State Of Trance Box 2004-2009?'
Send your answer, including your address info, to email@example.com and you might just win one of the limited edition boxes!


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By Gary P Jackson
Evidently there is no such thing in Illinois as an honest politician, or intelligent voter. Jessie Jackson Jr just won re-election in a landslide, and now has resigned, and could face jail time. Of course, we can count on Illinois to replace him with an equally corrupt Anti-American political hack, so this will change nothing but the name on the office door.
From Andrew Breitbart's Big Government:
Jesse Jackson Jr. has resigned from Congress just weeks after winning reelection for a ninth term.
Jackson Jr. has been in treatment for bipolar disorder since June. The timing of his treatment coincides with an FBI investigation into misuse of campaign funds which also reportedly began in June.
The FBI has been looking into claims that Jackson Jr. allegedly used $100,000 in campaign funds to decorate his Washington D.C. home and also purchased a $40,000 Rolex watch for "a female friend."
Days after his reelection, reports revealed that Jackson Jr. had hired attorney Dan Webb to work out a plea agreement with the Department of Justice. Though voters didn't know it when they went to the polls, the pleas deal negotiations had supposedly been taking place "for months" behind the scenes. The possible deal was said to include jail time and to require Jackson Jr.'s resignation from Congress.
Even before the FBI investigation, Jackson Jr. was being investigated by the House Ethics Committee for his alleged attempts to raise money for disgraced former Governor Rod Blagojevich in an attempt to get himself appointed to the US Senate.


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Bloomington's group of Wabash men spent their day at the Rhino Youth Club The center offers an alcohol-and tobacco-free environment for middle school through high school students after school with the focus on computer learning, graphic design, and writing/publishing. They also offer music and entertainment on Friday and Saturday nights.
About a dozen Wabash men turned out to clean up debris and do some exterior painting Oct. 29. (See photo album of Bloomington alums at work.)
"Most stayed well beyond the 1-2 hours we asked them, with easily three-quarters putting in at least 3-4 hours," said co-chair Pat East '00. "The center where we did the volunteer work, could not have been more pleased that someone was willing to volunteer and we had so many eager volunteers! I estimate they would have spent roughly $1,000-1,500 to hire a crew to do the work we did - which they would have done otherwise.
"People stayed longer than they originally volunteered for. Most guys skipped lunch to keep working. Some brought their own tools. Some went out to purchase more tools (which were donated to the center). Overall, this was a very classy event, which was made so by the participants."
And as the Wabash Day organizers have learned, the event has brought alumni together in ways they didn't initially predict.
"We're all getting together at a local bar (where a Wabash alum is manager) for the Colts versus Patriots Monday Night Football game in a few weeks," East said. "I think there's 2-3 of us that will continue to stay in touch beyond that game."
East estimated the dozen men put in 50-75 man hours to benefit the youth center. He has become a big booster, in the process, of the Wabash Day concept.
"I made some good friends, we did some much needed work, and Wabash gained a few new supporters," he reports. "We should definitely do this again next year."
Bloomington area alums participating included: Dave Coates '99, Jason Starkey '99, Bill Steger '66, Mark Manchak '03, Dave Schilling '82, Michael LoPrete '02, Andy Oler '00, Parker Collins '05, Alex Barefoot '04, Matt Warner '01, Han Chuan Ong '00, Pat East '00, Dustin DeNeal '04.
In photo: Pat East rolls on a fresh coat of paint.


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DHAKA, Oct 9 (Reuters) - Luxury leather goods sold across the world are produced in a slum area of Bangladesh's capital where workers, including children, are exposed to hazardous chemicals and often injured in horrific accidents, according to a study released on Tuesday.
None of the tanneries packed cheek by jowl into Dhaka's Hazaribagh neighbourhood treat their waste water, which contains animal flesh, sulphuric acid, chromium and lead, leaving it to spew into open gutters and eventually the city's main river.
"Hazaribagh's tanneries flood the environment with harmful chemicals," said Richard Pearshouse, author of the Human Rights Watch report. "While the government takes a hands-off approach, local residents fall sick and workers suffer daily from their exposure to harmful tannery chemicals."
Pearshouse told Reuters ahead of the release of the study that at least 90 percent of the leather and leather goods produced in Bangladesh come from Hazaribagh, a foul-smelling area where up to 15,000 people are employed in tanneries.
It is a rapidly growing source of export income for the poor South Asian country, worth $663 million in financial 2011/12, with China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, Germany, Spain and the United States the main buyers.
"Foreign companies that import leather produced in Hazaribagh should ensure that their suppliers aren't violating health and safety laws or poisoning the environment," he said.
Bangladesh's industry minister, Dilip Baura, told Reuters the government was aware of the pollution and health hazards in Hazaribagh, but they will be tackled under a plan to relocate the tanneries to an area outside Dhaka by mid-2013.
Human Rights Watch said the move to a dedicated site outside the capital was originally planned for 2005, but the deadline was missed due to bureaucratic delays. Also, the government sought extensions to a 2009 High Court order to relocate the tanneries outside Dhaka and then ignored the order when the extension lapsed, it said.
"Hazaribagh is a glaring example of how indifferent governments can be towards citizens," said Syeda Rizwana Hasan, chief executive of the Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association.
"We raised the issue several times with the authorities, made protests against the deplorable conditions out there but no government took any positive steps to address them. Relocation of the tanneries is on the cards, but the government is delaying it, apparently to appease tannery owners and ensure them maximum benefits," she told Reuters.
Pearshouse, who conducted 134 interviews during five months of research in Dhaka, said the air and soil were "incredibly contaminated" in Hazaribagh. He saw residents of the slum bathing in ponds that were black with pollution.
He also found that children, some as young as 11, were employed by tanneries for around 1,000 taka ($12.30) a month. They were engaged in hazardous work, such as soaking hides in chemicals, cutting tanned hides with razor blades and operating dangerous machinery.
Bangladesh exports both raw leather and finished leather products, mostly footwear, including high-end fashion shoes.
(Writing by John Chalmers; Additional reporting by Anis Ahmed; Editing by Ron Popeski)
((firstname.lastname@example.com)(+91 78385 00591)(Reuters Messaging: email@example.com))
Keywords: BANGLADESH TANNERIES/


text: Weight Loss Recipe: Zesty Turkey & Apple Pecan Salad slimquickcoach | May 26, 2015 Turkey normally hangs in the shadows of classic chicken breast when it comes to protein-packed healthy salad toppers. However, with less saturated fat, cholesterol and total calories per serving than chicken, consider using turkey for more than just Thanksgiving, especially with fantastic, show-stopping left-over turkey ideas like this one on hand. This low-fat protein-packed salad satisfies all the senses: multi-colored… Read More


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Event Babysittng Service
Lucky Lil' Darlings: Ga Ga or Gag?
Imagine heading to an event — say a wedding, grown-up Halloween party, or even a friend's big birthday party — and knowing that when you dropped your tots off in the kiddie area they might have more fun than you do. That's the idea behind Lucky Lil' Darling's Kid Zone, an NYC-based private event babysitting service that may have Mama wishing she could sit at the kids' table.
Just give LLD's sitters some space and they'll set up a "pop-up child center" that will entertain kids for hours on end. Expecting babies at the party? They'll bring infant toys and seats. Have a few arts-and-crafts lovers? They'll set up a jewelry-making station. Want to transport the kids to a fantasy world? Princess, safari, and fairyland entertainers will help them imagine they're there. And when the kids look tired — but the adult party still rages on — they'll get the kids cozied up for a midnight movie fest. With a one-to-three sitter-tot ratio, kids are carefully watched while Mom and Dad party the night away. But all of this fun comes at a cost — a high cost. Kid Zones start at $500, and the prices quickly climb as more activities are added to the package.


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UDAV(4) NetBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual UDAV(4) NAME udav -- Davicom DM9601 USB Ethernet driver SYNOPSIS udav* at uhub? ukphy* at mii? HARDWARE The udav driver supports the following adapters: Corega FEther USB-TXC ShanTou ST268 USB NIC ShanTou ADM8515 SUNRISING SR9600 Ethernet DESCRIPTION The udav driver provides support for USB Ethernet adapters based on the Davicom DM9601 chipset. For more information on configuring this device, see ifconfig(8). DIAGNOSTICS See usbnet(4) for diagnostics. SEE ALSO arp(4), netintro(4), usb(4), usbnet(4), ifconfig(8) Davicom DM9601 data sheet, http://www.davicom.com.tw/big5/download/Data%20Sheet/DM9601-DS- F01-062202s.pdf. HISTORY The udav device driver first appeared in NetBSD 2.0. AUTHORS The udav driver was written by Shingo WATANABE <firstname.lastname@example.com>. NetBSD 9.0 August 24, 2019 NetBSD 9.0
You can also request any man page by name and (optionally) by section:


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Notice: New Scheduling System and WebsiteOn Monday, January 13, 2020, PSI Services LLC will close this website and replace it with a new FAA Airman Knowledge Test (AKT) registration site that includes online scheduling. Registration and test delivery will be temporarily unavailable during implementation of new systems. Currently, AKT maybe be scheduled and delivered up to 20:00 PST on Friday January 10, 2020. Scheduling and test delivery via the new system will begin 08:00 EST on Monday, January 13, 2020. Click here for more upcoming changes to the FAA AKT program.
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don't bother saying ones everyone knows about (ie mark, matt, reynolds)
what's nangle like a sandle in the world of the blog?
i was most interested in my one and i paid less attention after that got cancelled and then when eyelet stopped i got even more disinterested. i read craners. what am i missing out on?


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RENSSELAER - A boil water advisory is in effect for more than half the city of Rensselaer through Monday, officials said. City Hall closed early Friday due to the water emergency. Questions are being forwarded to the Rensselaer Police Department at 462-7453, according to the city. The issue was caused by a large break in the 2 million gallon tank in Rensselaer that serves the city residents. Due to this, some neighborhoods can expect low pressure while others may not receive water at all. "The water department is working to resolve the problem as soon as possible," accordingto a statement on the city website
. Crews had been working on fixing a problem at the tank since yesterday and then the issue expanded, a city employee said. The impacted area is from I-90 south to the port area, so the northern part of the city is unaffected. At one point, a city employee added, there were so many calls coming into the water department about the issue that the phone system had to be reset. The Fire Department has mutual aid on standby for any emergencies, officials said.


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Tapping and Holding Buttons and Icons on Your iPhone 5
On your iPhone 5, if you want to open an app, fill in a text field, or choose a command such as Print or Message, you tap the appropriate icon, field, or button. The tap and hold gesture opens another world of commands on your iPhone:
Text or image: Tap and hold any text or image to see the Select/Select All/Cut/Copy/Paste bar. Tap one of those tabs to perform that function.
123 key: Tap this key, slide your finger to the numeric digit or punctuation you want, and then let go. The number or punctuation is inserted in your text and the keyboard returns to letters.
Any icon on the Home screen: Tap and hold these icons until they begin to wiggle and jiggle. Then tap the X in the corner to delete the app from your iPhone or tap and drag them to a new position.
Any app icon in the multitasking bar (which you open by pressing the Home key twice quickly): Tap and hold one of these icons until you see an X in the corner. Then tap the X to completely close the app. This is very useful if your iPhone starts acting up and you remember you have a streaming app such as a radio program running.
Links in Safari: Tap and hold a link on a web page in Safari and then tap Add to Reading List to add the linked page to your Reading List without opening the link. Alternatively, tap Open in New Page to open the linked page in a new tab, or tap Copy or Save Image to perform those actions.