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OAKLAND — Local law enforcement officials are seeking a $67 million federal grant to establish the largest ever Alameda County crime suppression team and help replenish Oakland's understaffed police department.
The grant would include money to hire 30 Oakland police officers, 30 Alameda County sheriff's deputies and 30 California Highway Patrol officers.
The three agencies then would assign veteran officers to staff the 90-member task force that would saturate high-crime areas every day of the week throughout the county.
The patrols would be modeled on those being conducted by the Sheriff's Office and CHP in Oakland to help the city while it rebuilds its police force which has been whittled down to its lowest staffing level in well over a decade.
However, as a key member of the task force, Oakland police would be expected to take part in crime suppression actions outside city limits, Sheriff Greg Ahern said.
Oakland City Administrator Deanna Santana said the city is willing to do its fair share in other jurisdictions, but several elected officials questioned whether Oakland could afford to send any officers outside city boundaries.
"I would certainly hope that the full focus and attention of (the task force's) work would be on making Oakland safer," Councilwoman Libby Schaaf said.
Alameda County Supervisor Nate Miley, who represents District 4 in Oakland, said the task force should have enough members not to require Oakland officers to help out elsewhere. "I can't believe OPD will be spending much time if any at all outside Oakland," he said.
Prospects for the grant are tied to Congress finding additional funding for the federal COPS Hiring Program, which is already paying for 25 Oakland officers.
Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Oakland, earlier this month urged House leadership to bolster funding for the program.
The Sheriff's Office spearheaded the grant application, which would fund the new officers for three years and also involve county prosecutors and probation officers.
The crime suppression teams would focus on gangs, drugs and street crimes.
While many of the operations would take place in Oakland — the state's most violent city — Undersheriff Richard Lucia told county supervisors Thursday that Oakland wouldn't be the sole focus. "It would truly be a countywide task force," he said. "If Hayward has a problem, the task force could go there."
Oakland has lost more than one-fourth of its police force over the past four years due to layoffs, retirements and resignations. With just 611 officers and only 240 assigned to patrols, the city has had to mandate overtime for officers and pay for outside help while major crimes jumped 23 percent last year.
On Tuesday, the City Council is expected to formally ask the county for help in funding additional police academies and doubling the Sheriff's deputy patrols to four days a week.
Supervisor Scott Haggerty, who has been critical of past city actions, said he would be open to the city's request.
"I do believe Oakland needs the help," he said. "And this is the first city council that has stepped up and said they're going to deal with the crime problem."
Contact Matthew Artz at 510-208-6435.


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Temps de lecture :3 minutes
WASHINGTON – (AFP) – A government report warned the United States could face more frequent severe weather including heat waves and storms for decades to come as temperatures rise far beyond levels being planned for.
The draft Third National Climate Assessment, a scientific study legally mandated to advise US policymakers, made few bones that carbon emissions have been causing climate change — a source of controversy among some lawmakers.
"Evidence for climate change abounds, from the top of the atmosphere to the depths of the oceans," the study said. "The sum total of this evidence tells an unambiguous story: The planet is warming."
The study, which was submitted for public and expert review and could be revised, said there was "strong evidence" that human activity had already roughly doubled the probability of extreme heat of the kind seen in Texas and Oklahoma in the summer of 2011.
The assessment expected temperatures to keep rising and offered different scenarios for the future — including temperatures rising between 2.8 and 5.6 degrees Celsius (5 and 10 degrees Fahrenheit) after 2050 if emissions climb further.
Such a rise would be far beyond the level anticipated by world leaders in UN-backed climate change negotiations, which have committed to holding warming to no more than two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
The report warned that climate change "threatens human health and well-being in many ways," including through more frequent storms, wildfires, diseases and worse air quality.
Rising sea levels have already damaged infrastructure and climate change could increasingly reduce the reliability of water supplies, particularly in the southern half of the United States and Great Plains, the report said.
While US agriculture will likely remain resilient in the next 25 years, yields of major crops could start declining by mid-century and warming oceans could threaten fish, the study said.
The draft assessment said that some additional climate change was "now unavoidable" but said that the United States still could decide how much to allow.
The draft assessment was released three days after the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said that 2012 was easily the warmest year on record in the continental United States and ranked second for extreme weather.
Environmental advocates hoped that the release of the draft report would bring fresh momentum to efforts to tackle climate change.
"Climate change is taking its toll on people and their economies, and will only become more intense without a strong and rapid response here in the United States and around the globe," Andrew Steer, president of the World Resources Institute, said in a statement.
President Barack Obama has hinted he will make a new effort on climate change in the wake of his November 6 re-election and massive storm Sandy, which killed at least 120 people in the US Northeast.
Efforts by Obama's Democratic Party to mandate cuts in carbon emissions failed in 2010 in the Senate. Lawmakers of the rival Republican Party said that legislation would be too costly and voiced doubt over climate science.
Since then, the Obama administration has ordered higher standards for power plants. US emissions dropped in 2011, largely due to increased use of natural gas instead of coal.
World Bank president Jim Yong Kim, who released a report in November that warned of potentially catastrophic 4.0 degree Celsius warming if no action is taken, said that evidence is "overwhelming" on climate change.
Speaking Friday at a luncheon honoring Korean Americans, Kim voiced fear that his three-year-old son would live "a world that looks completely different from the world we have today" when he nears his father's age in 2060.
"If you have a three-year-old child, or if you have a three-year-old grandchild, what you've got to understand is, if we don't act aggressively on climate change, the world they live in will be daily fights over access to water, daily fights over access to food," he said.

subset: commoncrawl


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Cherry Grove Beach
RE/MAX Southern Shores Sells Cherry Grove Real Estate
While the Grand Strand area of South Carolina has more than 60 miles of beautiful sparkling beaches and breathtaking scenery, there are communities, like Cherry Grove, that afford propspective property buyers a special treat. Behind the many tourists who visit Cherry Grove each year, is the thriving community that welcomes new residents every year. With all of the exciting venues and attractions nearby, the area moves at a slower pace and will truly gives you and your family a peaceful yet appealing beachfront community in which to reside.
At RE/MAX Southern Shores, you will find only knowledgeable and qualified real estate agents who can help you with all your real estate dreams. Local real estate is in high demand, so as primary residence, second-home, or first-time home buyers you'll find coastal living at a reasonable price. All of RE/MAX Southern Shores real estate agents have been in the area for many years and can offer local, first-hand knowledge of real estate trends, neighborhoods, local schools, and activities. So when you want to make your North Myrtle Beach homeownership dream a reality, whether it's a second home owner, or commercial property, or year round residence, please give us a call at 843-839-0200.
Dreaming of a slower pace? Great fishing? Marsh and ocean views? Luxury? Come to RE/MAX Southern Shores where our North Myrtle Beach agents can make your dreams come true at family-oriented Cherry Grove! We will find you a home or condo on the beach, on a channel, oceanview and close to a fisherman's paradise. Use the search tool or call RE/MAX Southern Shores at 843-839-0200 to speak with one of our expert agents.
RE/MAX Southern Shores sells Cherry Grove Beach!
RE/MAX Southern Shores agents are experts who know and sell properties in Cherry Grove Beach. RE/MAX Southern Shores agents are the #1 selling agents in the entire Grand Strand area so they will be able to find exactly the RIGHT property for you at the RIGHT price.
Using the RE/MAX Southern Shores search page you can input specific criteria to search all of North Myrtle Beach or just Cherry Grove Beach to get an idea of the home styles, price ranges, and amenities that are available. Then, call RE/MAX Southern Shores at 843-839-0200 to speak with an agent, licensed in both North and South Carolina, who can find the home, vacation home, investment property, or lot that is RIGHT for you!
Contact our office at 843-839-0200 where our agents will help you preview the properties that are currently for sale to find the right one! Call RE/MAX Southern Shores today at 843-839-0200 to explore all of the North Myrtle Beach area neighborhoods!
Why work with a RE/MAX Southern Shores agent?
Locating the RIGHT property that meets YOUR personal needs is the #1 priority of every RE/MAX Southern Shores agent. The first step in finding the perfect property is identifying the NEIGHBORHOOD that feels like "home" to YOU! RE/MAX agents know the Southern Shore from Wilmington, NC to Georgetown, SC and can show you the diverse neighborhoods waiting for YOU.
RE/MAX Southern Shores has a reputation of excellence and personal integrity. Our goal is to exceed your expectations throughout the entire real estate process. Our skilled agents are dedicated to your needs; whether your interest is purchasing a primary residence, a second home for vacation, or an investment, RE/MAX Southern Shores agents draw upon a wealth of knowledge and experience.
Search Cherry Grove Beach Homes for Sale
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* All data pertains to single-family homes


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When it comes to expansions, the Civilization series seems to be trending in the opposite direction of the rest of the game industry. Back in the 1990s, it seemed like every remotely successful game had at least one $20 to $30 expansion pack released around a year after the main game. Yet the first Civilization remained un-expanded, and the expansions for the second title merely amounted to optional collections of scenarios and a disastrous multiplayer version—the Civilization II experience was complete with the original game itself.
By the 2000s, most publishers were prioritizing full sequels over expansion packs, with the exception of massively multiplayer games (Everquest has had eighteen expansions!) or the most popular PC games, like Blizzard's Warcraft III, Creative Assembly's Total War series, and the Civilization games. In the last decade or so, expansions have become essential components of the Civilization experience—if you didn't play Civ III with Conquests, or Civ IV with Warlords and Beyond The Sword, you weren't getting the best versions of the game. Civilization V: Gods & Kings follows the model of those expansions, delivering more content as well as notable gameplay changes and improvements.
The most impressive aspects of Gods & Kings take place "under the hood." When I started playing the original Civilization V, two aspects of the game frustrated me. First, my computer started struggling with even modest-sized maps by the Renaissance era, and the 20th Century was virtually unplayable due to excessive time waiting between turns. Second, the computer-controlled opponents were extraordinarily passive, only declaring war on me occasionally, and never on each other, which made the game more artificial. Both are improved in Gods & Kings. I was able to finish games on maps that had previously given me trouble, and the AI was more aggressive, and more successful in that aggression, than I had seen before.
Another major change to the game happened this week before the expansion was even released: Civilization V was added to Steam Workshop, for easier distribution of modifications. Civilization V was a disappointing step back from its predecessor in terms of mod-friendliness, so this is a fairly exciting development if you, like me, sank hours of time into mods like Fall From Heaven or Rhye's And Fall Of Civilization. While the developers have yet to release the game's DLL files—the holy grail for in-depth modders—they did say at a GDC panel earlier this year that it was their goal to release them, a move that would increase the long-term play value of Civilization V dramatically.
Gods & Kings introduces two major new gameplay elements: Faith and Espionage. Civilization has struggled with its depiction of religion—I liked Civilization IV's take on it, but it was divisive enough that it wasn't included at all in the original form of Civilization V. In Gods & Kings, you earn Faith in the game much like Culture and Gold, and use it to start up a religion. Establishing a religion allows for relatively minor customization traits, like increasing food output when not at war, or giving more Faith on desert tiles. It fits quite well with the overall form of the game, where long-term planning and proper customization lead to victory.
Further Faith can be used to purchase Cathedrals or Pagodas to great effect, but I found the system a little bit too easy to manipulate. When I played using a high Culture/Faith strategy, I was able to dominate the world's religions too easily, and had more faith than I knew what to do with—which I ended up spending on Great People to maintain a constant state of Golden Age. The system doesn't seem totally balanced just yet.
Espionage kicks in around the time in a game that Faith becomes less effective, with your first Spy becoming available during the Renaissance. Spies can be used to discover what other civilizations are planning, to bring city-states under your influence, and, in their most important role, to steal technologies from more advanced rivals. One of the largest long-term flaws of Civilization V was the way that it was nearly impossible to catch up with tech leaders—now it's possible but time-consuming. The best part of Espionage is that it is detached from the map. I avoided the use of spies in previous Civilizations because maneuvering them across the map was slow and didn't behave like much of the rest of the game. The simple interface and clear benefits of Espionage in Gods & Kings make it the best form of spying in any Civilization game.
There's also a significant amount of new content in Gods & Kings. As a fan of varied civilizations, I was pleased to see Carthage, the Netherlands, the Celts, and others on offer, each with unique powers that are fairly interesting (the Celts, for instance, gain Faith from forests, giving them a notable early-game advantage). Their leaders are also beautifully depicted—I was particularly impressed by Queen Dido of Carthage, a petite woman under a starry sky. There are also several new units most specifically focused on World War I, which indicates a further prioritization of the later parts of the games.
The one thing that Civilization V: Gods & Kings won't do is change the core concepts of Civilization V, which have been controversial among fans. The need to plan your victory path well in advance and specialize all of your cities remains critical, and the city-states may have more diverse quests, but they're still more obtrusive than interesting. But by smoothing out many of the most frustrating aspects of the original form of Civilization V while adding more dimensions, Gods & Kings does everything an effective expansion pack should.
The Good
- The game runs smoother and faster than before
- Artificial intelligence no longer a total oxymoron
- New civilizations and leader heads are excellently done
- Modding is easier than before
- Simple Espionage system improves issues from previous Civilizations
The Bad
- New Faith system intrigues but feels unbalanced
- City-states still don't fit well within the Civilization system
The Ugly
- Your face when the Huns bring up one of their battering rams and take down a city almost instantly
Verdict: Buy it


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Motocross races in Fort Nelson July 16 & 17, 2016. Order prints: 8" x 12" for $30 including tax. Larger prints also available. Email me email@example.com
or call/text me at 250-321-0076.
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While Consumer Reports recently tested more than 600 smartphones, tablets, TVs and more, only 10 standout products made the short list for performance and innovation.
The products from the list are:
•Groundbreaking tablet: Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1 (16 GB, $500). The 10-inch Galaxy Note adds capabilities that no other tablet, not even the Apple iPad, currently offers. An excellent performer overall, it almost matches the superb battery life of the iPad and adds a memory card slot that its rival lacks.
•Apple's best phone yet: iPhone 5 (16 GB, $200). The iPhone 5 builds on its predecessors' strengths and adds new features, putting it head and shoulders above previous iPhones. It has a bigger screen with excellent sharpness, a thinner profile, 4G access and an expanded role for Siri, the super voice assistant. Also, it's the best phone camera Consumer Reports' testers have seen yet. Requires a two-year contract.
•Android champion: Samsung Galaxy S III (16 GB, $100 to $200 with two-year contract). If any phone deserves to be dubbed an iPhone 5 killer, this is it. Flaunting an excellent screen that's bigger (at 4.8 inches) than the iPhone 5's, this Android model offers some features you can't get on Apple's phone. You can watch a video while doing other tasks on the desktop, for example, and the screen is smart enough not to time out when you're looking at it.
•Tip-top TV: Panasonic Viera TC-P55VT50 ($2,500). OK, it costs a bundle, but this 55-inch plasma is one of the best TVs Consumer Reports has ever tested. Deep, rich blacks and spot-on colors contribute to superb picture quality, and it has an unlimited viewing angle, plus very good 3-D performance and sound.
•The Fire gets hotter: Amazon Kindle Fire HD (7-inch, 16 GB, from $210 with charger). Amazon's top-of-the-line 7-inch tablet is one of the best for the price (though the new Barnes & Noble Nook tablets that just came out promise stiff competition). Videos look great on the HD display, and the screen is readable even in bright light.
•The world's smartest camera: Nikon Coolpix S800c ($350). This 16-megapixel, Wi-Fi-enabled point-and-shoot camera is the first that Consumer Reports has seen that runs Google's Android operating system and the apps that go with it. The apps enable users to edit an image, quickly and easily post it on Facebook, and create a slideshow with music.
•Loaded lightweight: Sony Cyber-shot RX100 ($650). You don't have to lug around a big, heavy camera to get great photos. This 20-megapixel point-and-shoot weighs about 9 ounces — half as much as many models of this type — but doesn't cut corners.
•Excellence in a box: Samsung HT-E6730W ($800). This 7.1-channel system marries old-school vacuum tubes with digital amps to produce excellent sound, which is rare in Consumer Reports' tests of home-theater-in-a-box systems. It comes with a 3-D-capable Blu-ray player, wireless amplifiers for the rear surround speakers, Wi-Fi, an iPod dock and Samsung's Smart TV platform.
•First ultrawide TV: Vizio CinemaWide XVT3D580CM ($1,530). Cinephiles finally have a TV that displays flicks in all their wide-screen splendor. This 58-inch LED set is the first Consumer Reports has tested with an ultrawide, 21:9 display that mimics the shape of a movie theater screen.
•Wi-Fi winner: Sonos Play:3 ($300). This compact stereo speaker system is a great, easy way to enjoy music throughout the house. Pair it with the Sonos Bridge adapter and you can wirelessly access streaming Internet radio stations and music from a computer that's on your Wi-Fi network.


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Activities: Exabis Games
Exabis games for Moodle
The goal of this activity is to bring the aspect of game-based-learning into Moodle-courses. Yes, game-based-learning is much more than using some funny animations and yes, HTML 5 is cooler than Flash - but these are developments that we have made in the past and just want to share for the fun of it.
The way the acitivity works is that two of our exagames are based upon quizzes given to students within a Moodle-course. This way exagames can be seen as another fun-way to acquire knowledge being an "enhancement" of quizzes.
We started out with the "braingame" which basically reads out questions from quizzes. During the answering of questions there is a small animation (brain growing for given correct answers). The ultimate goal is to catapult the scientist into outer space – otherwise he drops into the ocean. Highscores are given back to Moodle-courses – we used the course-results block which is not supported under Moodle 2.x so far.
This year we have enhanced the activity with another game called exaclick. The principles were taken from an old television-show where tiles would cover up a whole picture and then would be uncovered one by one. In our version this is also combined with Moodle-quizzes but in addition questions can be enhanced with a video or picture that can be covered with tiles. These questions can be categorized with difficulty-levels – the enhancement is done with an integrated Flash-based editor.
Regarding gameplay: after one recognizes the picture or video the stop-button is pressed and a question (it could be related to the picture) is then displayed which should be answered correctly. If the question answered incorrectly one heart is lost, three lost hearts equals to "game over".
Bonus points (for a game-highscore) are given for the factor speed (the sooner the picture is recognized the more bonus-points are gained).
For exaclick to work you need to configure the questions that you have added to a test that the game is based upon.
1. Upload some pictures and/or videos to a folder within your Moodle-course
2. Create a test based upon a question bank
3. Create a game using the activity "exabis games" and choosing "exaclick" from the pulldown-menu
4. Configure your question in the tab "configure question". Here you can choose a question. By clicking on the question a flash-based editor is opened. Insert a link to a picture or video that was previously uploaded.
5. Save the question
6. Continue configuring questions on different difficulty-levels.
7. Have your students play the game – Highscores are displayed within the exabis games-activity.
This is a mere embedding of a platform we have started to develop two years back. Here students can create individual games based upon the adventure-principle. Take a look at the game "Hallo Welt" to get a basic idea. The platform was financed by the Federal Austrian Ministry of Education and is free to use for everyone.
Register a new user and try out gamelabs to experiment.
- Fri, Jul 13, 2012, 10:20 PMpassword should be Ilovegamelabs (that is, without the exclamation mark)
- Thu, Dec 27, 2012, 10:35 PMPlease, thousands of people would love to have this fantastic plugin for Moodle 2.4 or 2.x ... Please! See you later!
- Wed, Jan 9, 2013, 6:06 PMok, new flash library has been updated, newest code is on github!
- Thu, Jan 10, 2013, 3:12 AMThere seems to be a problem with the latest version of this plugin. Each time I try to install it, the system freezes and won't move past the update page. I'm currently running Moodle 2.4+
- Mon, Jan 14, 2013, 2:52 PMhello paul, the code should work now
- Fri, Jan 18, 2013, 7:12 AMThe plugin does not work in moodle 2.4 in Chrome or Firefox ...
When the warning appears to lack the flash, but the browsers already have the latest version of Flash installed.
I believe it is an error in the plugin ..
If anyone knows fix, thanks
thank you


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Gena Hamshaw of the blog Choosing Raw eats a mostly raw, vegan diet without losing time, money, or her sanity. Let her show you how to make "rabbit food" taste delicious and satisfying every other Thursday on Food52.
Today: all about hummus, the perfect food for vegans and the busy alike. Gena's got us covered with pro tips on making the most of your chickpeas, plus a recipe for Sweet Pea Hummus.
When was the last time you made your own hummus?
Maybe it was yesterday. Maybe it was an hour ago. But I'm asking because, no matter how popular is the marriage of chickpeas and tahini, a great many hummus lovers still resist making their own hummus from scratch. And they shouldn't. Done right, homemade hummus is so much tastier and more versatile than brand name versions--not to mention cheaper. As a student, I rely on hummus the way some folks rely on coffee: it's easy to make, rich in protein and healthy fats, satisfying, a perfect vehicle for vegetables, and easy to transport. Today, I'll show you how you, too, can master the art of homemade hummus.
I've been known to whip up hummus in a 20 minute break between classes, as a late night snack, or first thing in the morning. If you have beans at the ready, the blending itself only takes a matter of minutes. Isa Chandra Moskowitz, an esteemed vegan food writer, once said that hummus is a food group for vegans. I agree, but I think it's also a food group for students, busy working people, and anyone who likes amazing, nutrient rich food that's ready in minutes. If you are vegan, working in your favor is the fact that hummus is familiar to one and all, which means it's an easy vegan food to share. Attending a summertime party? Bring hummus as an appetizer. Making lunch for someone who's skeptical about meatless fare? Try a hummus panini. Last minute guests? Let them eat hummus.
Most hummus recipes call for a base of chickpeas, lemon, cumin, tahini, salt, garlic, and sometimes olive oil as well. The proportions vary: some are very garlicky, while others are more mild; some call only for olive oil, while others call only for tahini (as you'll see in a second, I think a mix of both works best). Some invite you to add fresh parsley. To start with, you'll want to pick a basic recipe that sounds good, and then modify it to suit your own tastes. I like my hummus thick, tart, and not-too-garlicky, but you'll find a version that's just right for you. No matter what, you'll want to use a food processor (full size, not mini) or a high speed blender.
It's really easy to make hummus, but unfortunately it's also easy to make bad hummus. Tiny factors--how much liquid you use, how much lemon, how much salt--can make or break a hummus recipe. With that in mind, I thought I'd share the things I've learned through trial and error.
`1. Cook your own chickpeas. Yes, it's a little easier to use canned. And it's OK to use canned; sometimes real life calls for real shortcuts. But if you can set aside a total of five minutes to a) submerge some beans in some water for a soak, b) turn on the stove to boil them, and c) strain them when they're done, you can cook your own beans. It's really easy to cook dried beans, and the hummus you make will be so much creamier than it will be with canned beans. Added bonus? Most folks find beans that have been soaked and cooked easier to digest.
2. If you do use canned beans, use canning liquid instead of water in the mixture. You know how some recipes call for using the water you boiled pasta in? Same concept: the starch will help thicken the hummus.
3. Warm up your beans. The absolute best hummus results from beans that have just been cooked and are still warm. If you're using canned, you can also warm the beans up by blanching them in boiling water for just a minute or two, or even nuking them. If you can't use warm beans, your hummus will still be delightful, but trust me when I say that the warmer your beans, the better your blend.
4. Drizzle in 1 tablespoon of olive oil at the end. There are a ton of hummus varieties out there. Some call for olive oil as the fat source, others for tahini. I personally prefer tahini--and lots of it--but drizzling in some oil at the very end will make your hummus take a magical turn; it'll be as if the whole bowl just got elevated to new heights.
5. Don't add too much liquid. The #1 reason most homemade hummus goes wrong is that people add way too much water, which results in a kind of chickpea soup--not the thick, creamy stuff we've come to expect from store-bought brands. Be conservative with your liquid at first; you can always add more later.
6. Use real ingredients. This means freshly squeezed lemon juice and garlic cloves: no bottled juice, no garlic powder, no compromises.
The following hummus recipe indicates one final, important point about homemade hummus: you get to pick and choose your flavors. Don't get into a rut. Sundried tomato hummus, beet hummus, edamame lime hummus, sweet potato hummus--these are just some of the creative, seasonal hummus varieties I've tried. Today's version features spring peas: I know you all just saw them in my quinoa with spring peas, basil, and hemp, but hey, we have to take advantage while they're in season! And you'll find that using them along with chickpeas yields a particularly light, delicate, and delicious hummus blend.
Sweet Pea Hummus
Serves 8
2 cups cooked garbanzo beans1 1/2 cups green peas, lightly steamed3 tbsp tahini2-3 tbsp lemon juice (to taste)1/2 tsp sea salt1 clove garlic, minced1 tbsp olive oil (plus extra)2 tsp lemon zestOptional: 2 tbsp chopped fresh herbs: parsley, dill, etc.
See the full recipe (and save and print it) here.
The Food52 Vegan Cookbook is here! With this book from Gena Hamshaw, anyone can learn how to eat more plants (and along the way, how to cook with and love cashew cheese, tofu, and nutritional yeast).
See what other Food52 readers are saying.


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Chief learning officers are well aware that education and training is critical to the bottom line. They know this from their own experience and from research such as the American Management Association 2001 Staffing Survey, which reported that "companies that increased their training activities were three times more likely to report increased profits and shareholder value than companies that cut back on training."
Partnerships with colleges and universities can help provide training activities that are specifically designed for your workforce and business needs, and they can do so in a cost-effective way. But many CLOs choose to "go it alone" using in-house trainers or bringing individual trainers from commercial firms on-site for company-sponsored education and training opportunities. Since the quality of this training is often very high, what is the added value of a partnership with a higher-education institution?
Employee Retention and the Power of the Degree
What can be gained by working with colleges and universities? One obvious answer is, of course, certificates, degrees and credentials for your employees. Although high-quality instruction can be delivered through in-house trainers, providing programs of study that are accredited, offer college credits and have value in the labor market is a much more difficult undertaking.
Degrees and credentials matter the most to your employees because they are increasingly aware of the central role credentials play in their employability. The U.S. Census Bureau reports that the estimated lifetime earnings of high school graduates is only $1.2 million, compared to $1.6 million for workers with associate's degrees and $2.1 million for workers with bachelor's degrees. Though individual workers may not be familiar with the Census reports, they know from their own informal observations that earnings and opportunities increase with educational attainment.
Because degrees matter so much, they are an important motivator for your employees. Partnerships with colleges and universities can help you offer your employees college credit as a reward for their efforts to gain new skills and knowledge.
Some employers are concerned about footing the bill for degree programs, for fear that employees will leave for higher-paying jobs elsewhere. Employers, however, often benefit as much as workers do. In managing tuition assistance programs for 400,000 eligible workers annually, the Council for Adult and Experiential Learning (CAEL) has found that employees invariably choose courses of study that benefit their careers with their current employer. In addition, in an unpublished 2000 CAEL study of employees at a major telecommunications company, we found that tuition benefits had a positive impact on employee retention. Other studies support this finding as well: A 1999 report by Don L. Bohl in the Compensation and Benefits Review noted that human resources professionals rank "training and educational opportunities" as the second most important retention program.
In short, helping your employees gain degrees and credentials is a "win-win" for you, especially if you communicate your business goals to them and they can align their learning with those goals. You benefit from having loyal employees with higher skills, and they are rewarded with degrees or credentials that, at a minimum, give them peace of mind. Should their jobs unexpectedly disappear – as so many jobs do today – they have credentials that will help in both their re-employment and long-term employability.
Shaping the Skills of New Employees
Partnerships with colleges and universities are not just for the benefit of the incumbent workforce. Many employers routinely benefit from these partnerships because they help to develop the skills needed in new recruits.
This is a particularly important consideration for employers facing workforce and skill shortages. In a survey we conducted of employers in Oklahoma, for example, employers reported that there is often a disconnect between the skills that recent college graduates possess and the demands of the labor market. Strong working relationships with colleges and universities can provide an opportunity for employers to communicate their skill needs to the institutions, so that coursework is more likely to develop the skills that employers need.
Partnerships can also help employers find new employees. Many educational institutions work regularly with employers to select and pre-screen job candidates specifically for that employer – some will even provide guarantees of "workplace readiness" for their graduates. Creating these kinds of pipelines can aid tremendously in finding the best new talent for your company while keeping recruiting costs down. Educational institutions are often happy to provide this service. While you might really need to find new talent, they are just as eager to improve their performance in terms of post-graduation employment for their students.
Creating a Learning Culture
Most importantly, partnerships with educational institutions are central to creating a learning culture within an organization. In research that CAEL has carried out with employers in the Chicago metropolitan area called Workforce 2.0, we have identified nine "Exemplary Practices" in employee learning and development:
- Leadership vision and commitment: The CEO and senior management are the driving forces in elevating the importance of learning and development.
- Aligning business goals with employee learning: Top leadership adopts clear goals and communicates them throughout the organization and ensures that learning and development activities are aligned with the goals.
- Learning and development strategically positioned within senior management: The human resources leader or the chief learning officer is part of the executive management team.
- Leadership development emphasized at all levels of the organization: Management recognizes that leadership skills are essential for employees at all levels, and efforts are made to develop talent from within the organization.
- Commitment to expanding skills and knowledge beyond job-related or technical skills: Investments are made to develop well-rounded, versatile employees through tuition assistance programs, customized on-site training and personal development options.
- Informal learning opportunities are structured at the workplace: Investments are made to intentionally integrate work and learning through team projects, cross-training, rotational assignments and problem-solving exercises.
- Strategic use of technology for meeting learning objectives: Innovative technologies are used to support and reinforce learning and to manage the firm's education and training offerings.
- Alliances with educational institutions are central to learning strategy: Customized degree, certificate and non-credit programs are developed collaboratively to meet business and employee needs.
- Emphasis on assessment of impact: A mixture of measurement strategies is used to assess the impact of training and development investments.
The common theme of these practices is that employee learning is embedded in the organization's culture and operations, sustained through a process of re-evaluation and continuous improvement.
One of those practices is the formation of alliances with educational institutions. In our research, we found that in firms with the most developed learning cultures – and where the firms were seeing the most business payoff from learning investments – the human resources staff was skilled at building successful partnerships with educational institutions. HR directs these relationships, establishes well-defined criteria for educational providers and expects them to be flexible in scheduling courses and developing course content that meets the company's needs. HR also routinely works closely with educational providers to create customized certificate and accelerated degree programs.
The result is that learning is more convenient for employees, with degree and certificate programs often brought on-site or offered online. In some cases, educational institutions allow students to enroll and order books from the workplace. These partnerships also can make possible cohort programs, where peers work side by side in the classroom, building camaraderie and shared learning in the organization. (For more information on Workforce 2.0, consult CAEL's Web site, www.cael.org or www.workforcechicago2.org.)
Ensuring the Success of a Workplace Learning Culture
As the list of exemplary practices suggests, partnerships with educational institutions are important, but they alone do not create a learning culture. There are many things that employers need to do independently to make sure that learning is embedded in an organization.
The list of nine practices can be daunting to tackle all at once. In our consulting practice, we often advise companies to start with some concrete steps that are manageable and that make excellent building blocks for developing a learning culture in an organization. Four of those initial steps are:
- Commit to a progressive tuition-assistance policy.
- Make supervisors' coaching and mentoring around learning and development a priority and part of the performance review process.
- Develop and promote internal career paths for employees.
- Support informal learning in the workplace.
A Progressive Tuition-Assistance Policy
Many organizations provide some sort of tuition assistance to their employees, but progressive companies will make sure that their tuition program is truly supportive of their employees' range of learning needs and enables all learners to be successful. Important components of a tuition policy are:
- Paying tuition "up front" through a voucher or letter of credit that is given to the educational institution: Many employees do not have the resources to pay for courses and wait for the company's reimbursement check. With a prepaid tuition program, employers will ensure that even workers with great financial barriers can pursue educational opportunities.
- Educational advising for employees: Employees often know that they want to pursue education but do not know what to study to best position themselves with their current employer or in the larger labor market. Advising is an important service that helps save you and your employees not only time and considerable money.
- Coverage for a broad range of courses and programs, rather than job-specific learning: A greater range of choice about what to study, where and how will enhance employee involvement in learning. But fear not: CAEL's experience in administering tuition programs has shown that even when policies are broad and comprehensive, employees usually choose study related to advancing their job or career-related skills, especially when the company actively disseminates information about the skills, abilities, competencies and knowledge that are desired.
Prioritizing Supervisor Coaching and Mentoring
Employers can help embed learning and make it relevant to the workplace by developing supervisors' skills and holding them responsible for supporting employee development. Their responsibilities around employee learning and development could include:
- Providing job-shadowing opportunities.
- Helping employees build development plans linked to performance evaluations.
- Finding learning opportunities for employees through team assignments, committees and task forces.
- Learning about career and education resources and child-care and transportation options and referring employees to them.
- Describing career-path opportunities to employees.
Internal Career Paths
A key to ensuring that learning is an attractive pursuit for employees is showing them that there are real rewards – that their efforts in the classroom will be recognized through a change in responsibilities and/or improved pay. An excellent way to do this is to establish internal career paths so that employees know what skills are needed to advance to other jobs, either vertically or laterally.
For example, many health care organizations, needing to address a critical shortage in skilled positions, have established internal "career lattices," where entry-level staff can see how they can advance to higher-skilled and higher-paid nursing jobs or, at the very least, become specialists in their current positions. The key to making these career ladders, or lattices, effective is to make sure that they are well publicized within your organization, particularly for the group of workers you would like to gain new skills and advance in the organization.
Another approach is to collaborate with others in your industry on defining career paths and linking with educational institutions to provide the training needed for higher-skilled positions in the industry. Good examples of such alliances are the National Coalition for Telecommunications Education and Learning (www.nactel.org) or the Energy Providers Coalition for Education (www.epceonline.org).
Support Informal Learning
Although formal learning – and especially learning leading to educational credentials – is a critical tool for developing your employees, you also need to acknowledge and address head-on the fact that most work-related learning occurs informally, on the job. A 1998 study by the Center for Workforce Development estimated that more than 60 percent of the most critical knowledge and skills are learned at work, not in a classroom.
The trick for employers is to learn how to encourage informal learning and provide more opportunities for informal learning to take place. Examples of such opportunities include:
- Cross-training.
- Peer training.
- Working in teams, especially cross-functional ones.
- Problem-solving sessions.
- Rotational assignments between departments.
- Mentoring relationships.
These informal learning opportunities can provide a valuable complement to the formal learning that is offered, primarily by providing workers with exposure to the many functions and units of the company before deciding on a specialty area.
Partnerships with educational institutions are a critical tool for any company wishing to develop its employees. The institutions provide the degrees and the credentials that are needed to motivate employees, and colleges and universities can help to establish a cost-effective recruiting pipeline for new talent. But institutional partnerships are also critical for helping develop a continuous learning culture in your organization – provided that you do your part as well.
Pamela Tate is the president and CEO of the Council for Adult and Experiential Learning (CAEL), a nonprofit that helps employers develop and administer workplace-learning programs and builds collaborations between companies and higher education institutions. Becky Klein-Collins is a project manager and researcher with nine years of experience in workforce development and practice. She has spent much of her professional career with CAEL. You can reach Pamela and Rebecca at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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It was inevitable that Facebook would eventually need more space with more users than people actually living in the United States on the social network.
Tuesday Facebook confirmed the rumors and announced it is shifting its headquarters from Palo Alto to a 57-acre campus in Menlo Park, once home to Sun and now owned by Oracle.
Facebook said it will lease back the 11-building campus from the real estate investment firm RREEF, according to Palo Alto Online.
The move sets Facebook up for the long haul as the company looks to expand to help build upon its recent $50 billion valuation and the growing number of people across the globe flocking to the site.
Facebook currently has about 2,000 employees globally and the new campus alone will be able to house 6,100, if the company chooses to expand that much.


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Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol. 2, by Edward Gibbon, [1781], at sacred-texts.com
The assurance that the elevation of Constantine was intimately connected with the designs of Providence, instilled into the minds of the Christians two opinions, which, by very different means, assisted the accomplishment of the prophecy. Their warm and active loyalty exhausted in his favor every resource of human industry; and they confidently expected that their strenuous efforts would be seconded by some divine and miraculous aid. The enemies of Constantine have imputed to interested motives the alliance which he insensibly contracted with the Catholic church, and which apparently contributed to the success of his ambition. In the beginning of the fourth century, the Christians still bore a very inadequate proportion to the inhabitants of the empire; but among a degenerate people, who viewed the change of masters with the indifference of slaves, the spirit and union of a religious party might assist the popular leader, to whose service, from a principle of conscience, they had devoted their lives and fortunes. 25 The example of his father had instructed Constantine to esteem and to reward the merit of the Christians; and in the distribution of public offices, he had the advantage of strengthening his government, by the choice of ministers or generals, in whose fidelity he could repose a just and unreserved confidence. By the influence of these dignified missionaries, the proselytes of the new faith must have multiplied in the court and army; the Barbarians of Germany, who filled the ranks of the legions, were of a careless temper, which acquiesced without resistance in the religion of their commander; and when they passed the Alps, it may fairly be presumed, that a great number of the soldiers had already consecrated their swords to the service of Christ and of Constantine. 26 The habits of mankind and the interests of religion gradually abated the horror of war and bloodshed, which had so long prevailed among the Christians; and in the councils which were assembled under the gracious protection of Constantine, the authority of the bishops was seasonably employed to ratify the obligation of the military oath, and to inflict the penalty of excommunication on those soldiers who threw away their arms during the peace of the church. 27 While Constantine, in his own dominions, increased the number and zeal of his faithful adherents, he could depend on the support of a powerful faction in those provinces which were still possessed or usurped by his rivals. A secret disaffection was diffused among the Christian subjects of Maxentius and Licinius; and the resentment, which the latter did not attempt to conceal, served only to engage them still more deeply in the interest of his competitor. The regular correspondence which connected the bishops of the most distant provinces, enabled them freely to communicate their wishes and their designs, and to transmit without danger any useful intelligence, or any pious contributions, which might promote the service of Constantine, who publicly declared that he had taken up arms for the deliverance of the church. 28
The enthusiasm which inspired the troops, and perhaps the emperor himself, had sharpened their swords while it satisfied their conscience. They marched to battle with the full assurance, that the same God, who had formerly opened a passage to the Israelites through the waters of Jordan, and had thrown down the walls of Jericho at the sound of the trumpets of Joshua, would display his visible majesty and power in the victory of Constantine. The evidence of ecclesiastical history is prepared to affirm, that their expectations were justified by the conspicuous miracle to which the conversion of the first Christian emperor has been almost unanimously ascribed. The real or imaginary cause of so important an event, deserves and demands the attention of posterity; and I shall endeavor to form a just estimate of the famous vision of Constantine, by a distinct consideration of the standard, the dream, and the celestial sign; by separating the historical, the natural, and the marvellous parts of this extraordinary story, which, in the composition of a specious argument, have been artfully confounded in one splendid and brittle mass.
I. An instrument of the tortures which were inflicted only on slaves and strangers, became on object of horror in the eyes of a Roman citizen; and the ideas of guilt, of pain, and of ignominy, were closely united with the idea of the cross. 29 The piety, rather than the humanity, of Constantine soon abolished in his dominions the punishment which the Savior of mankind had condescended to suffer; 30 but the emperor had already learned to despise the prejudices of his education, and of his people, before he could erect in the midst of Rome his own statue, bearing a cross in its right hand; with an inscription which referred the victory of his arms, and the deliverance of Rome, to the virtue of that salutary sign, the true symbol of force and courage. 31 The same symbol sanctified the arms of the soldiers of Constantine; the cross glittered on their helmet, was engraved on their shields, was interwoven into their banners; and the consecrated emblems which adorned the person of the emperor himself, were distinguished only by richer materials and more exquisite workmanship. 32 But the principal standard which displayed the triumph of the cross was styled the Labarum, 33 an obscure, though celebrated name, which has been vainly derived from almost all the languages of the world. It is described 34 as a long pike intersected by a transversal beam. The silken veil, which hung down from the beam, was curiously inwrought with the images of the reigning monarch and his children. The summit of the pike supported a crown of gold which enclosed the mysterious monogram, at once expressive of the figure of the cross, and the initial letters, of the name of Christ. 35 The safety of the labarum was intrusted to fifty guards, of approved valor and fidelity; their station was marked by honors and emoluments; and some fortunate accidents soon introduced an opinion, that as long as the guards of the labarum were engaged in the execution of their office, they were secure and invulnerable amidst the darts of the enemy. In the second civil war, Licinius felt and dreaded the power of this consecrated banner, the sight of which, in the distress of battle, animated the soldiers of Constantine with an invincible enthusiasm, and scattered terror and dismay through the ranks of the adverse legions. 36 The Christian emperors, who respected the example of Constantine, displayed in all their military expeditions the standard of the cross; but when the degenerate successors of Theodosius had ceased to appear in person at the head of their armies, the labarum was deposited as a venerable but useless relic in the palace of Constantinople. 37 Its honors are still preserved on the medals of the Flavian family. Their grateful devotion has placed the monogram of Christ in the midst of the ensigns of Rome. The solemn epithets of, safety of the republic, glory of the army, restoration of public happiness, are equally applied to the religious and military trophies; and there is still extant a medal of the emperor Constantius, where the standard of the labarum is accompanied with these memorable words, By This Sign Thou Shalt Conquer. 38
II. In all occasions of danger and distress, it was the practice of the primitive Christians to fortify their minds and bodies by the sign of the cross, which they used, in all their ecclesiastical rites, in all the daily occurrences of life, as an infallible preservative against every species of spiritual or temporal evil. 39 The authority of the church might alone have had sufficient weight to justify the devotion of Constantine, who in the same prudent and gradual progress acknowledged the truth, and assumed the symbol, of Christianity. But the testimony of a contemporary writer, who in a formal treatise has avenged the cause of religion, bestows on the piety of the emperor a more awful and sublime character. He affirms, with the most perfect confidence, that in the night which preceded the last battle against Maxentius, Constantine was admonished in a dream *_0048 to inscribe the shields of his soldiers with the celestial sign of God, the sacred monogram of the name of Christ; that he executed the commands of Heaven, and that his valor and obedience were rewarded by the decisive victory of the Milvian Bridge. Some considerations might perhaps incline a sceptical mind to suspect the judgment or the veracity of the rhetorician, whose pen, either from zeal or interest, was devoted to the cause of the prevailing faction. 40 He appears to have published his deaths of the persecutors at Nicomedia about three years after the Roman victory; but the interval of a thousand miles, and a thousand days, will allow an ample latitude for the invention of declaimers, the credulity of party, and the tacit approbation of the emperor himself who might listen without indignation to a marvellous tale, which exalted his fame, and promoted his designs. In favor of Licinius, who still dissembled his animosity to the Christians, the same author has provided a similar vision, of a form of prayer, which was communicated by an angel, and repeated by the whole army before they engaged the legions of the tyrant Maximin. The frequent repetition of miracles serves to provoke, where it does not subdue, the reason of mankind; 41 but if the dream of Constantine is separately considered, it may be naturally explained either by the policy or the enthusiasm of the emperor. Whilst his anxiety for the approaching day, which must decide the fate of the empire, was suspended by a short and interrupted slumber, the venerable form of Christ, and the well-known symbol of his religion, might forcibly offer themselves to the active fancy of a prince who reverenced the name, and had perhaps secretly implored the power, of the God of the Christians. As readily might a consummate statesman indulge himself in the use of one of those military stratagems, one of those pious frauds, which Philip and Sertorius had employed with such art and effect. 42 The praeternatural origin of dreams was universally admitted by the nations of antiquity, and a considerable part of the Gallic army was already prepared to place their confidence in the salutary sign of the Christian religion. The secret vision of Constantine could be disproved only by the event; and the intrepid hero who had passed the Alps and the Apennine, might view with careless despair the consequences of a defeat under the walls of Rome. The senate and people, exulting in their own deliverance from an odious tyrant, acknowledged that the victory of Constantine surpassed the powers of man, without daring to insinuate that it had been obtained by the protection of the gods. The triumphal arch, which was erected about three years after the event, proclaims, in ambiguous language, that by the greatness of his own mind, and by an instinct or impulse of the Divinity, he had saved and avenged the Roman republic. 43 The Pagan orator, who had seized an earlier opportunity of celebrating the virtues of the conqueror, supposes that he alone enjoyed a secret and intimate commerce with the Supreme Being, who delegated the care of mortals to his subordinate deities; and thus assigns a very plausible reason why the subjects of Constantine should not presume to embrace the new religion of their sovereign. 44
III. The philosopher, who with calm suspicion examines the dreams and omens, the miracles and prodigies, of profane or even of ecclesiastical history, will probably conclude, that if the eyes of the spectators have sometimes been deceived by fraud, the understanding of the readers has much more frequently been insulted by fiction. Every event, or appearance, or accident, which seems to deviate from the ordinary course of nature, has been rashly ascribed to the immediate action of the Deity; and the astonished fancy of the multitude has sometimes given shape and color, language and motion, to the fleeting but uncommon meteors of the air. 45 Nazarius and Eusebius are the two most celebrated orators, who, in studied panegyrics, have labored to exalt the glory of Constantine. Nine years after the Roman victory, Nazarius 46 describes an army of divine warriors, who seemed to fall from the sky: he marks their beauty, their spirit, their gigantic forms, the stream of light which beamed from their celestial armor, their patience in suffering themselves to be heard, as well as seen, by mortals; and their declaration that they were sent, that they flew, to the assistance of the great Constantine. For the truth of this prodigy, the Pagan orator appeals to the whole Gallic nation, in whose presence he was then speaking; and seems to hope that the ancient apparitions 47 would now obtain credit from this recent and public event. The Christian fable of Eusebius, which, in the space of twenty-six years, might arise from the original dream, is cast in a much more correct and elegant mould. In one of the marches of Constantine, he is reported to have seen with his own eyes the luminous trophy of the cross, placed above the meridian sun and inscribed with the following words: By This Conquer. This amazing object in the sky astonished the whole army, as well as the emperor himself, who was yet undetermined in the choice of a religion: but his astonishment was converted into faith by the vision of the ensuing night. Christ appeared before his eyes; and displaying the same celestial sign of the cross, he directed Constantine to frame a similar standard, and to march, with an assurance of victory, against Maxentius and all his enemies. 48 The learned bishop of Caesarea appears to be sensible, that the recent discovery of this marvellous anecdote would excite some surprise and distrust among the most pious of his readers. Yet, instead of ascertaining the precise circumstances of time and place, which always serve to detect falsehood or establish truth; 49 instead of collecting and recording the evidence of so many living witnesses who must have been spectators of this stupendous miracle; 50 Eusebius contents himself with alleging a very singular testimony; that of the deceased Constantine, who, many years after the event, in the freedom of conversation, had related to him this extraordinary incident of his own life, and had attested the truth of it by a solemn oath. The prudence and gratitude of the learned prelate forbade him to suspect the veracity of his victorious master; but he plainly intimates, that in a fact of such a nature, he should have refused his assent to any meaner authority. This motive of credibility could not survive the power of the Flavian family; and the celestial sign, which the Infidels might afterwards deride, 51 was disregarded by the Christians of the age which immediately followed the conversion of Constantine. 52 But the Catholic church, both of the East and of the West, has adopted a prodigy which favors, or seems to favor, the popular worship of the cross. The vision of Constantine maintained an honorable place in the legend of superstition, till the bold and sagacious spirit of criticism presumed to depreciate the triumph, and to arraign the truth, of the first Christian emperor. 53
The Protestant and philosophic readers of the present age will incline to believe, that in the account of his own conversion, Constantine attested a wilful falsehood by a solemn and deliberate perjury. They may not hesitate to pronounce, that in the choice of a religion, his mind was determined only by a sense of interest; and that (according to the expression of a profane poet 54 he used the altars of the church as a convenient footstool to the throne of the empire. A conclusion so harsh and so absolute is not, however, warranted by our knowledge of human nature, of Constantine, or of Christianity. In an age of religious fervor, the most artful statesmen are observed to feel some part of the enthusiasm which they inspire, and the most orthodox saints assume the dangerous privilege of defending the cause of truth by the arms of deceit and falsehood. Personal interest is often the standard of our belief, as well as of our practice; and the same motives of temporal advantage which might influence the public conduct and professions of Constantine, would insensibly dispose his mind to embrace a religion so propitious to his fame and fortunes. His vanity was gratified by the flattering assurance, that he had been chosen by Heaven to reign over the earth; success had justified his divine title to the throne, and that title was founded on the truth of the Christian revelation. As real virtue is sometimes excited by undeserved applause, the specious piety of Constantine, if at first it was only specious, might gradually, by the influence of praise, of habit, and of example, be matured into serious faith and fervent devotion. The bishops and teachers of the new sect, whose dress and manners had not qualified them for the residence of a court, were admitted to the Imperial table; they accompanied the monarch in his expeditions; and the ascendant which one of them, an Egyptian or a Spaniard, 55 acquired over his mind, was imputed by the Pagans to the effect of magic. 56 Lactantius, who has adorned the precepts of the gospel with the eloquence of Cicero, 57 and Eusebius, who has consecrated the learning and philosophy of the Greeks to the service of religion, 58 were both received into the friendship and familiarity of their sovereign; and those able masters of controversy could patiently watch the soft and yielding moments of persuasion, and dexterously apply the arguments which were the best adapted to his character and understanding. Whatever advantages might be derived from the acquisition of an Imperial proselyte, he was distinguished by the splendor of his purple, rather than by the superiority of wisdom, or virtue, from the many thousands of his subjects who had embraced the doctrines of Christianity. Nor can it be deemed incredible, that the mind of an unlettered soldier should have yielded to the weight of evidence, which, in a more enlightened age, has satisfied or subdued the reason of a Grotius, a Pascal, or a Locke. In the midst of the incessant labors of his great office, this soldier employed, or affected to employ, the hours of the night in the diligent study of the Scriptures, and the composition of theological discourses; which he afterwards pronounced in the presence of a numerous and applauding audience. In a very long discourse, which is still extant, the royal preacher expatiates on the various proofs still extant, the royal preacher expatiates on the various proofs of religion; but he dwells with peculiar complacency on the Sibylline verses, 59 and the fourth eclogue of Virgil. 60 Forty years before the birth of Christ, the Mantuan bard, as if inspired by the celestial muse of Isaiah, had celebrated, with all the pomp of oriental metaphor, the return of the Virgin, the fall of the serpent, the approaching birth of a godlike child, the offspring of the great Jupiter, who should expiate the guilt of human kind, and govern the peaceful universe with the virtues of his father; the rise and appearance of a heavenly race, primitive nation throughout the world; and the gradual restoration of the innocence and felicity of the golden age. The poet was perhaps unconscious of the secret sense and object of these sublime predictions, which have been so unworthily applied to the infant son of a consul, or a triumvir; 61 but if a more splendid, and indeed specious interpretation of the fourth eclogue contributed to the conversion of the first Christian emperor, Virgil may deserve to be ranked among the most successful missionaries of the gospel. 62
25 In the beginning of the last century, the Papists of England were only a thirtieth, and the Protestants of France only a fifteenth, part of the respective nations, to whom their spirit and power were a constant object of apprehension. See the relations which Bentivoglio (who was then nuncio at Brussels, and afterwards cardinal) transmitted to the court of Rome, (Relazione, tom. ii. p. 211, 241.) Bentivoglio was curious, well informed, but somewhat partial.
26 This careless temper of the Germans appears almost uniformly on the history of the conversion of each of the tribes. The legions of Constantine were recruited with Germans, (Zosimus, l. ii. p. 86;) and the court even of his father had been filled with Christians. See the first book of the Life of Constantine, by Eusebius.
27 De his qui arma projiciunt in pace, placuit eos abstinere a communione. Council. Arelat. Canon. iii. The best critics apply these words to the peace of the church.
28 Eusebius always considers the second civil war against Licinius as a sort of religious crusade. At the invitation of the tyrant, some Christian officers had resumed their zones; or, in other words, had returned to the military service. Their conduct was afterwards censured by the twelfth canon of the Council of Nice; if this particular application may be received, instead of the lo se and general sense of the Greek interpreters, Balsamor Zonaras, and Alexis Aristenus. See Beveridge, Pandect. Eccles. Graec. tom. i. p. 72, tom. ii. p. 73 Annotation.
29 Nomen ipsum crucis absit non modo a corpore civium Romano rum, sed etiam a cogitatione, oculis, auribus. Cicero pro Raberio, c. 5. The Christian writers, Justin, Minucius Felix, Tertullian, Jerom, and Maximus of Turin, have investigated with tolerable success the figure or likeness of a cross in almost every object of nature or art; in the intersection of the meridian and equator, the human face, a bird flying, a man swimming, a mast and yard, a plough, a standard, &c., &c., &c. See Lipsius de Cruce, l. i. c. 9.
30 See Aurelius Victor, who considers this law as one of the examples of Constantine's piety. An edict so honorable to Christianity deserved a place in the Theodosian Code, instead of the indirect mention of it, which seems to result from the comparison of the fifth and eighteenth titles of the ninth book.
31 Eusebius, in Vit. Constantin. l. i. c. 40. This statue, or at least the cross and inscription, may be ascribed with more probability to the second, or even third, visit of Constantine to Rome. Immediately after the defeat of Maxentius, the minds of the senate and people were scarcely ripe for this public monument.
32 Agnoscas, regina, libens mea signa necesse est; In quibus effigies crucis aut gemmata refulget Aut longis solido ex auro praefertur in hastis. Hoc signo invictus, transmissis Alpibus Ultor Servitium solvit miserabile Constantinus.
Christus purpureum gemmanti textus in auro Signabat Labarum, clypeorum insignia Christus Scripserat; ardebat summis crux addita cristis.
Prudent. in Symmachum, l. ii. 464, 486.
33 The derivation and meaning of the word Labarum or Laborum, which is employed by Gregory Nazianzen, Ambrose, Prudentius, &c., still remain totally unknown, in spite of the efforts of the critics, who have ineffectually tortured the Latin, Greek, Spanish, Celtic, Teutonic, Illyric, Armenian, &c., in search of an etymology. See Ducange, in Gloss. Med. et infim. Latinitat. sub voce Labarum, and Godefroy, ad Cod. Theodos. tom. ii. p. 143.
34 Euseb. in Vit. Constantin. l. i. c. 30, 31. Baronius (Annal. Eccles. A. D. 312, No. 26) has engraved a representation of the Labarum.
35 Transversa X litera, summo capite circumflexo, Christum in scutis notat. Caecilius de M. P. c. 44, Cuper, (ad M. P. in edit. Lactant. tom. ii. p. 500,) and Baronius (A. D. 312, No. 25) have engraved from ancient monuments several specimens (as thus of these monograms) which became extremely fashionable in the Christian world.
36 Euseb. in Vit. Constantin. l. ii. c. 7, 8, 9. He introduces the Labarum before the Italian expedition; but his narrative seems to indicate that it was never shown at the head of an army till Constantine above ten years afterwards, declared himself the enemy of Licinius, and the deliverer of the church.
37 See Cod. Theod. l. vi. tit. xxv. Sozomen, l. i. c. 2. Theophan. Chronograph. p. 11. Theophanes lived towards the end of the eighth century, almost five hundred years after Constantine. The modern Greeks were not inclined to display in the field the standard of the empire and of Christianity; and though they depended on every superstitious hope of defence, the promise of victory would have appeared too bold a fiction.
38 The Abbe du Voisin, p. 103, &c., alleges several of these medals, and quotes a particular dissertation of a Jesuit the Pere de Grainville, on this subject.
39 Tertullian de Corona, c. 3. Athanasius, tom. i. p. 101. The learned Jesuit Petavius (Dogmata Theolog. l. xv. c. 9, 10) has collected many similar passages on the virtues of the cross, which in the last age embarrassed our Protestant disputants.
*_0048 Manso has observed, that Gibbon ought not to have separated the vision of Constantine from the wonderful apparition in the sky, as the two wonders are closely connected in Eusebius. Manso, Leben Constantine, p. 82 - M.
40 Caecilius de M. P. c. 44. It is certain, that this historical declamation was composed and published while Licinius, sovereign of the East, still preserved the friendship of Constantine and of the Christians. Every reader of taste must perceive that the style is of a very different and inferior character to that of Lactantius; and such indeed is the judgment of Le Clerc and Lardner, (Bibliotheque Ancienne et Moderne, tom. iii. p. 438. Credibility of the Gospel, &c., part ii. vol. vii. p. 94.) Three arguments from the title of the book, and from the names of Donatus and Caecilius, are produced by the advocates for Lactantius. (See the P. Lestocq, tom. ii. p. 46-60.) Each of these proofs is singly weak and defective; but their concurrence has great weight. I have often fluctuated, and shall tamely follow the Colbert Ms. in calling the author (whoever he was) Caecilius.
41 Caecilius de M. P. c. 46. There seems to be some reason in the observation of M. de Voltaire, (Euvres, tom. xiv. p. 307.) who ascribes to the success of Constantine the superior fame of his Labarum above the angel of Licinius. Yet even this angel is favorably entertained by Pagi, Tillemont, Fleury, &c., who are fond of increasing their stock of miracles.
42 Besides these well-known examples, Tollius (Preface to Boileau's translation of Longinus) has discovered a vision of Antigonus, who assured his troops that he had seen a pentagon (the symbol of safety) with these words, "In this conquer." But Tollius has most inexcusably omitted to produce his authority, and his own character, literary as well as moral, is not free from reproach. (See Chauffepie, Dictionnaire Critique, tom. iv. p. 460.) Without insisting on the silence of Diodorus Plutarch, Justin, &c., it may be observed that Polyaenus, who in a separate chapter (l. iv. c. 6) has collected nineteen military stratagems of Antigonus, is totally ignorant of this remarkable vision.
43 Instinctu Divinitatis, mentis magnitudine. The inscription on the triumphal arch of Constantine, which has been copied by Baronius, Gruter, &c., may still be perused by every curious traveller.
44 Habes profecto aliquid cum illa mente Divina secretum; qua delegata nostra Diis Minoribus cura uni se tibi dignatur ostendere Panegyr. Vet. ix. 2.
45 M. Freret (Memoires de l'Academie des Inscriptions, tom. iv. p. 411-437) explains, by physical causes, many of the prodigies of antiquity; and Fabricius, who is abused by both parties, vainly tries to introduce the celestial cross of Constantine among the solar halos. Bibliothec. Graec. tom. iv. p. 8-29.
Note: The great difficulty in resolving it into a natural phenomenon, arises from the inscription; even the most heated or awe-struck imagination would hardly discover distinct and legible letters in a solar halo. But the inscription may have been a later embellishment, or an interpretation of the meaning which the sign was construed to convey. Compare Heirichen, Excur in locum Eusebii, and the authors quoted.
46 Nazarius inter Panegyr. Vet. x. 14, 15. It is unnecessary to name the moderns, whose undistinguishing and ravenous appetite has swallowed even the Pagan bait of Nazarius.
47 The apparitions of Castor and Pollux, particularly to announce the Macedonian victory, are attested by historians and public monuments. See Cicero de Natura Deorum, ii. 2, iii. 5, 6. Florus, ii. 12. Valerius Maximus, l. i. c. 8, No. 1. Yet the most recent of these miracles is omitted, and indirectly denied, by Livy, (xlv. i.)
48 Eusebius, l. i. c. 28, 29, 30. The silence of the same Eusebius, in his Ecclesiastical History, is deeply felt by those advocates for the miracle who are not absolutely callous.
49 The narrative of Constantine seems to indicate, that he saw the cross in the sky before he passed the Alps against Maxentius. The scene has been fixed by provincial vanity at Treves, Besancon, &c. See Tillemont, Hist. des Empereurs, tom. iv. p. 573.
50 The pious Tillemont (Mem. Eccles. tom. vii. p. 1317) rejects with a sigh the useful Acts of Artemius, a veteran and a martyr, who attests as an eye-witness to the vision of Constantine.
51 Gelasius Cyzic. in Act. Concil. Nicen. l. i. c. 4.
52 The advocates for the vision are unable to produce a single testimony from the Fathers of the fourth and fifth centuries, who, in their voluminous writings, repeatedly celebrate the triumph of the church and of Constantine. As these venerable men had not any dislike to a miracle, we may suspect, (and the suspicion is confirmed by the ignorance of Jerom,) that they were all unacquainted with the life of Constantine by Eusebius. This tract was recovered by the diligence of those who translated or continued his Ecclesiastical History, and who have represented in various colors the vision of the cross.
53 Godefroy was the first, who, in the year 1643, (Not ad Philostorgium, l. i. c. 6, p. 16,) expressed any doubt of a miracle which had been supported with equal zeal by Cardinal Baronius, and the Centuriators of Magdeburgh. Since that time, many of the Protestant critics have inclined towards doubt and disbelief. The objections are urged, with great force, by M. Chauffepie, (Dictionnaire Critique, tom. iv. p. 6 - 11;) and, in the year 1774, a doctor of Sorbonne, the Abbe du Veisin published an apology, which deserves the praise of learning and moderation.
Note: The first Excursus of Heinichen (in Vitam Constantini, p. 507) contains a full summary of the opinions and arguments of the later writers who have discussed this interminable subject. As to his conversion, where interest and inclination, state policy, and, if not a sincere conviction of its truth, at least a respect, an esteem, an awe of Christianity, thus coincided, Constantine himself would probably have been unable to trace the actual history of the workings of his own mind, or to assign its real influence to each concurrent motive. - M
54 Lors Constantin dit ces propres paroles: J'ai renverse le culte des idoles: Sur les debris de leurs temples fumans Au Dieu du Ciel j'ai prodigue l'encens. Mais tous mes soins pour sa grandeur supreme N'eurent jamais d'autre objet que moi-meme; Les saints autels n'etoient a mes regards Qu'un marchepie du trone des Cesars. L'ambition, la fureur, les delices Etoient mes Dieux, avoient mes sacrifices. L'or des Chretiens, leur intrigues, leur sang Ont cimente ma fortune et mon rang.
The poem which contains these lines may be read with pleasure, but cannot be named with decency.
55 This favorite was probably the great Osius, bishop of Cordova, who preferred the pastoral care of the whole church to the government of a particular diocese. His character is magnificently, though concisely, expressed by Athanasius, (tom. i. p. 703.) See Tillemont, Mem. Eccles. tom. vii. p. 524-561. Osius was accused, perhaps unjustly, of retiring from court with a very ample fortune.
56 See Eusebius (in Vit. Constant. passim) and Zosimus, l. ii. p. 104.
57 The Christianity of Lactantius was of a moral rather than of a mysterious cast. "Erat paene rudis (says the orthodox Bull) disciplinae Christianae, et in rhetorica melius quam in theologia versatus." Defensio Fidei Nicenae, sect. ii. c. 14.
58 Fabricius, with his usual diligence, has collected a list of between three and four hundred authors quoted in the Evangelical Preparation of Eusebius. See Bibl. Graec. l. v. c. 4, tom. vi. p. 37-56.
59 See Constantin. Orat. ad Sanctos, c. 19 20. He chiefly depends on a mysterious acrostic, composed in the sixth age after the Deluge, by the Erythraean Sibyl, and translated by Cicero into Latin. The initial letters of the thirty-four Greek verses form this prophetic sentence: Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior of the World.
60 In his paraphrase of Virgil, the emperor has frequently assisted and improved the literal sense of the Latin ext. See Blondel des Sibylles, l. i. c. 14, 15, 16.
61 The different claims of an elder and younger son of Pollio, of Julia, of Drusus, of Marcellus, are found to be incompatible with chronology, history, and the good sense of Virgil.
62 See Lowth de Sacra Poesi Hebraeorum Praelect. xxi. p. 289- 293. In the examination of the fourth eclogue, the respectable bishop of London has displayed learning, taste, ingenuity, and a temperate enthusiasm, which exalts his fancy without degrading his judgment.


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Motivated seller! In 2013 major mechanical overall with pumps, engine hoses, fuel fill hoses, fuel lines all professionally checked and replaced as necessary. Fresh water use prior. On land until sold.
New bilge pump in 2016.
Please call ahead to arrange to inspect this boat.
Twin gas engines, 1979 Mercury Marine MerCruiser 5.7 L, engine water hoses have been replaced.
Camper Canvas - top, side curtains and aft cover (top and side curtains have been restitched).
Solid fiberglass deep semi-vee planing hull with a steep 23 degrees of transom deadrise - a key factor in her ability to handle a chop without the pounding usually associated with a more flat-bottomed hull design. Good engine access; underwater exhaust system. One of only a few Sea Ray SRV 300 Weekenders built with a 12' beam. Light use by current owner.
Major Mechanical overhaul in 2013.
Please call ahead to arrange to see this boat.
4520 Harbor Road
Shelburne, VT 05482
United States


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Inventory of the county archives of Texas : Gillespie County, no. 86
Description: Inventory of records of Gillespie County housed in the Gillespie County Courthouse as of 1941. Begins with a historical sketch of the county along with a governmental organization chart, and information on the housing, care, and accessibility of the records. Describes the records of the County Commissioners Court, County Clerk as Recorder, District Court, County Court, Justices of the Peace, District Attorney, County Attorney, Sheriff, Constables, Tax Assessor-Collector, Board of Equalization, County Treasurer, County Board of School Trustees, County School Superintendent, County Health Officer, County Surveyor, Coroner (Defunct), and Inspector of Hides and Animals (Defunct). Includes a bibliography as well as chronological and subject indexes.
Date: October 1941
Creator: Historical Records Survey. Texas.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Book
Partner: UNT Libraries


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Superintendent Message - Have a voice in education
In January and February many parents will receive a survey in their mailbox from Alberta Education. Please take a few moments to complete this survey - your participation is very important to us.
The responses collected in the survey are provided to and reviewed by all school staff, the board of trustees and the Alberta Government so that we can learn what is working in schools and what needs improvement. Your answers to the questions in the survey will be considered in school and divisional planning and therefore will have a direct impact on your child's educational experience. This important annual survey provides you with another way to be involved in decision making at your child's school.
The survey is mailed to parents in grades 4, 7 and 10 (unless the school has fewer than 120 students in grades 4-12 in which case the survey will be expanded to include all students and parents). To ensure we receive as many responses back from parents as possible, the survey comes with a postage paid return envelope.
Thank you in advance for your time spent in completing the survey. Through working and learning together, your input and involvement makes our schools great places to grow, learn and be.
Paul Bennett
Superintendent of Schools
Peace River School Division No. 10


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The Ninth Circuit as a Denial of Service Attack on American Justice
The Supreme Court is expected to decide tomorrow whether to summarily overturn a Ninth Circuit Court ruling, hear an appeal of that ruling, or let the Ninth Circuit's decision stand. The case involves Arizona's k-12 scholarship tax credit program that helps families afford private schooling, which the Ninth Circuit found last year to violate the First Amendment.
Before the Ninth Circuit handed down its decision, I predicted that it would rule against the tax credit program, and that it would eventually be overturned by the Supreme Court. The first part of that prediction came to pass, and I still expect the second part to as well. For the reasons why SCOTUS will overturn the Ninth Circuit, see Cato's brief in the case.
Ilya Shapiro (with whom I co-wrote that brief) draws attention today to a great column by George Will in which Will likens the Ninth Circuit to a "stimulus package" for the Supreme Court. It's a funny analogy, but it's too benign. It's more accurate to see the Ninth Circuit as a Denial of Service Attack on American justice. A D.O.S. is a computer attack that prevents Internet surfers from accessing a particular website/server by flooding it with spurious requests. By failing to take Supreme Court precedents seriously, as the Ninth Circuit routinely does, it creates a torrent of ridiculous rulings that demand the Supreme Court's attention, thereby preventing the nation's highest court from taking other important cases.
If there is a way for SCOTUS to reprimand the Ninth Circuit for spuriously consuming the nation's most important legal resources, it would be in the interest of justice for it to do so.


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How to Share Stock Ratings with Other Investors Online
Several online sites are trying to harness the wisdom of crowds and provide information you can use to boost your investment returns. Some good sources for this collective intelligence are listed here:
The Motley Fool CAPS: This particular corner of the Motley Fool website allows members to enter their ratings on thousands of stocks. The ratings are then compiled into a single average rating that's available to all users of the website.
Just enter a stock's symbol into the Enter Keywords or Ticker field and click the Search button, and you see how other CAPS users rate the stock, based on a star rating. A stock with five stars is a strong buy, and a stock with a one-star rating is a strong sell.
But CAPS gets more interesting the more you dive into the menus. Try this. Scroll down a bit until you see the stock chart. Click the On link located below the chart, next to where it says CAPS Rating. Now you can see how the CAPS rating has changed over the past few months, shown by the gold line on the chart.
If you scroll down further, you can also read why certain CAPS members rated a stock the way they did. And even these blurbs are rated by members, so you can read the most highly rated comments on a stock. Anyone can view most CAPS ratings and information, but to rate stocks yourself, you need to register with the site, which is free.
And what does CAPS stand for? You're going to be sorry you asked. CAPS doesn't appear to stand for anything, but rather seems to be a play on the word cap, because the Motley Fool's founders are known for wearing jester hats. Participants in the CAPS system are assigned a color-coded hat, or cap, icon to signal how good they have been at picking stocks.
Stockpickr: This site allows you to enter your portfolio, and the system allows you to look at other investors' portfolios to get ideas. Stockpickr then spotlights stocks that commonly appear in these similar portfolios and also lets you view popular portfolios. You must register for a free username and password to use the site.
PredictWallStreet: PredictWallStreet lets you start sharing recommendations with others pretty quickly and easily. From the front page, just enter a stock symbol into the search field and click the Up button if you recommend the stock and the Down button if you think the stock will fall.
You can see the average recommendations of other users for other popular stock market indexes or popular stocks. One of the nice things about this site is that you can use it without registering.
Piqqem: The site with the funny name provides a constantly updating summary of recommendations and ratings submitted by its users. The site also lets you practice buying and selling stocks based on information from other users with a simulator.
Wikinvest: If you've used Wikipedia to look up obscure facts, you understand that it's an encyclopedia updated by users. The same idea applies to Wikinvest. The site allows users to submit information about a variety of stocks, and those comments are summarized into a bull case and a bear case for the stock.
To access Wikinvest's information on stocks, you just set up an account first, which is free, or you can go straight to Wikinvest's comments by clicking on the "Search the Wiki" link in the upper-right corner of the screen.
Following the crowd when it comes to investing can often be a bad idea. During periods of market manias, when investors become overly bullish about particular types of stocks, they often bid stock prices up too high and set themselves up for disappointments.
Some investors, who call themselves contrarians, instead figure out what the crowd is doing and then do the opposite. If the crowd is bullish about a stock, a contrarian would assume that the group is wrong and be bearish about the stock.


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Product Description
Ripcare Shoe Repair Glue – Clear or Black
- Shoe Repair Glue
- Water Repellent And Elastic Formula
- Made In Germany
- By Skateboarders For Skateboarders
- Colour – Clear
Ripcare Shoe Repair Glue – Clear or Black
Black, Clear
Customers are responsible for the cost of returning item(s), and for your parcel until it arrives at Roots Skate Shop.
Roots Skate Shop have a 100 day returns policy from the receipt of your parcel, for an exchange or refund. Worn or used products will not be accepted unless faulty.
With all returns, please include a completed returns form (including order number or billing postcode). This can be found on the back of your invoice.
Please wrap items appropriately for transit to avoid damage to goods or boxes. Please do not stick labels or tape directly to the products packaging (e.g. shoe box ) as if tampered with in any way, we can no longer accept the return.
Please allow 3-5 working days once the goods have reached us, to give us time to process your returns. Any returns received after 100 days, can no longer be processed.
All refunds will be credited back to the original method of payment used to place the order. Credit/debit card transactions can take 3-5 working days to show up on your bank statement.
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You can hardly go anywhere without seeing something to do with a BlackBerry (which, for the uninitiated, is the king of all Personal Digital Assistants). People up and down the country simply must have one – a new status symbol? These often-tiny little things have the ability to send and receive emails, text messages, telephone calls, as well as update our Twitter and Facebook pages. Our whole world can be condensed into something no heavier than 88 grams.
Yet whilst these devices can be a blessing in certain situations, it's vital that we don't forget our manners. We can sometimes get so focused on who we're communicating with digitally through our PDAs, we forget those slightly nearer to us.
The usual rules of mobile telephone etiquette apply with BlackBerries but there are perhaps a few more rules to add for these demi-gods.
When you have a face-to-face meeting, whether it be with one person or a whole group, turn your device to vibrate: don't have it sitting on the normal (loud) setting so that it pings, flashes and shakes every time you get an email or text. People often think that it's a popularity contest. It's not. Focus on who is in front of you in real life.
Never place your BlackBerry on any surface during a meeting or lunch appointment, even if it's turned to silent. The BlackBerry has a data light, which will flash every time data is being transferred. This can be very off-putting to others and you will no doubt be distracted too. Out of sight is out of mind.
After a day's work, don't go back home to your family or friends and sit constantly on your device, unless it's vital. We have to switch off sometimes and it can make loved ones feel devalued if your conversation dries up with them but seems to flourish on your BlackBerry.
BlackBerries can be wonderful sources of communication and entertainment but whilst we may revel in their multiple features, others probably won't. Take care to think about others before using your device. Of course, if there's no one around…
William Hanson
Tutor, The English Manner


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October 11, 2011
Gary Jenkins, Chief of Police
Pullman Police Department
(509) 334-0802
PULLMAN – Pullman residents can now report non-urgent nuisance violations and graffiti online on the Pullman Police Department's website (www.pullman-wa.gov/police) under the menu item "Report a Crime/Incident". Also, due a recent rash of credit card fraud in the area, Pullman residents and businesses can also submit credit card fraud reports online on a temporarily basis.
When reporting non-urgent nuisance violations, residents should be aware that follow up to online nuisance reporting can take up to three days, so online nuisance reporting should be limited to those nuisances that are not an eminent public hazard. For timelier follow up, residents should report the nuisance by calling the dispatch center at (509) 332-2521. Examples of nuisance violations include storing junk exposed to view from any public place; accumulation of building materials or other objects that endangers safety or is an attractive nuisance; visible un-mounted vehicle tires, vehicle bodies or parts; visible bed mattresses, water heaters, household appliances, and damaged or discarded furniture. A more detailed list of nuisance violations can be found in Section 5.01 of the Pullman City Code on the City's website (www.pullman-wa.gov) under the menu item "City Code".
Residents can also report graffiti online to facilitate timely clean-up from public and private property. Research and experience show that rapid removal is the most effective way to reduce repeat attacks of illegal graffiti.
If you are a renter or property owner/manager, there are local resources and organizations available to assist you in removing graffiti from your property. The City of Pullman works cooperatively with Washington State University, Center for Civic Engagement (WSU CCE) and Associated Students of Washington State University (ASWSU) to abate graffiti from public property and assist responsible parties with the abatement of graffiti from private property. Additional graffiti abatement information is available online including instructions for reporting by phone.
# # # #


text: CPYFRMQRYF FROMOPNID( myqryf ) TOFILE( QTEMP/qryf ) CRTFILE(*YES) NBRRCDS(1) POSDBF OPNID( myqryf ) POSITION(*START)The CPYFRMQRY command will try to copy one record into a file in QTEMP. It'll find a record or it won't. If it doesn't find any, there will be messages you can test to skip calling the problem program. The POSDBF command will position the file pointer back to the *START. When you call the problem program, it should be able to read the first record along with any others that follow. Does that make sense? You'll want to run some test CL in a small program in order to see how and when the messages will appear. Tom


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Paul Edward Williams (born December 2, 1983) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the third round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at Fresno State.
Williams has also been a member of the Houston Texans.