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From Openmoko
Questions and Answers that don't seem to fit elsewhere
Q: What is OpenMoko and Neo1973?
A: OpenMoko is a software platform, an attempt to create the world's first completely open mobile phone software stack. The FIC Neo1973 is the first fully supported OpenMoko phone.
Q: How do I install and manage software on OpenMoko?
A: ipkg: http://handhelds.org/moin/moin.cgi/Ipkg
Q: Is there an emulator available for OpenMoko?
A: QEMU is a good place to start, and we should be able to run almost all OpenMoko apps with it. For a good start with the QEMU emulator visit: http://www.aurel32.net/info/debian_arm_qemu.php
Another is Xoo. Koen says: "Xoo should be enough for most apps people will develop, since most don't need access to the gsm uart directly. If you're hardcore you could use qemu + xoo, but that still doesn't emulate all the hardware quirks (e.g. unaligned access)". Xoo is at: http://projects.o-hand.com/xoo
Update: Stefan Schmidt has resized the Neo1973 Mock-up and written a small description for xoo. In his words:
It's not really useable at all, as you need a really high screen resolution to fit the whole picture on your screen. And of course the dpi are wrong. Even no buttons because I can't remember where they are at the case.
Start with 'xoo --device /path/to/neo1973.xml'
Q: Where can I find some type of tutorial for a 'Hello, world' on OpenMoko?
A: This should get you started: http://www.gtk.org/tutorial/
Q: What is the rationale behind the exclusion of WiFi?
A: No suitable low power open source WiFi device was available when the Neo1973 was designed. A closed source WiFi device would have been restrictive for developers and users alike. The form of wireless connectivity that is included in the Neo1973 is Bluetooth. An option that has been discussed on the mailing list(s) is to use a USB WiFi adapter. (however, the USB on the Neo1973 is unpowered.)
Neo1973 is (hopefully) the first in a long line of devices that can run OpenMoko. Future versions of the device may have wifi.
See also: Sean Moss-Pultz's comment on this
Q: Can I bridge to an Ethernet (wired or unwired) network via a suitable Bluetooth enabled router?
A: Yes - see this howto for how to configure a linux computer to act as such a router and Bluetooth Support.
Q: How can I compile programs for the Neo1973?
A: See Toolchain.
Q: What providers in the USA provide the GSM required for Neo 1973?
A: Wikipedia has a list of providers and technologies here. A brief look gives the impression that T-Mobile and Cingular (which is renaming itself AT&T) seem to be the only major ones.
Q: Why is only USB 1.1 provided?
A: The SoC handles the USB, and it's only capable of 1.1. As to why not a spiffier SoC, we presume that keeping the costs reasonable has something to do with it. But this shouldn't have too negative an impact: USB 1.1 are almost certainly OK for a phone: this is not a high-performance cluster node, just a power-saving phone. In particular, 11mps WLan works perfect with USB 1.1. I guess 54mps will work ok too, albeit perhaps a bit slower then they could.
The main problem (with more powerful SoC) is not to provide a USB2.0 host port in the device. The main problem is power. You need a pretty powerful DC/DC step-up converter to provide the 5V power supply to the USB bus. And you have to provide at least up to 100mA - but to support all devices, 500mA.
It's not a technical problem, per se.
It's just that you have to have one extra (powerful) DC/DC step-up converter in the device, something that vendors of phones (and other devices) usually don't put there for cost, battery life time and PCB footprint reasons.
Q: Can the Neo charge and use devices on a USB hub at the same time?
- When the Neo is connected to a device port on a USB hub, it will start charging. If the hub is a powered hub, then it will charge fast (3h), otherwise around 12h.
- If you plug the Neo into the host port of a USB hub you can use devices on that hub but the Neo will not charge. (Some/many USB hubs will not accept an unpowered host as valid, hence the need for the below cable.)
- This is because the host socket on USB hubs is not powered.
FIC product development is looking into providing something that conveniently solves this problem.
The USB port on the Neo is not a properly compliant USB host port, all USB host ports must provide 5V - though powered devices or hubs may not draw any current from this, they may refuse to work. (The Belkin Tetrahub is an example of a hub that will not work.)
One solution is a three headed cable.
One end plugs into the Neo. One end plugs into a device port of a powered hub, or the Neo charger. One end plugs into the host port of a hub.
The Charger/USB device plug only has +5V and 0V connected in the simple cable, which are connected to the other ends.
For a more complex cable, when the host socket is not plugged in, the cable acts as a simple USB cable.
Q: What are the details of the USB port on the Neo1973? How does it compare to USB On-The-Go?
A: The Neo1973 will have mini-USB-B, and will be able to function as either a host or a device. It will NOT be USB On-The-Go. OTG is a complex specification, and it comprises way more than just a AB socket, but also electrical and software components which cannot be provide by the S3C2410.
You will need a special Mini-B to regular-B cable (note that this won't actually comply with the USB standard: a compliant cable has to have an A or Mini-A plug on one end, and B or Mini-B on the other).
Q: Will OpenMoko "Just Work" with Mac OS X?
A: There has been some discussion of this on the mailing list. There is motivation, and there are interested developers. Not being a Mac OS X user, I don't know enough to summarize the discussion to answer this question. Can someone please fill in?
A: For IP over USB cable connectivity, it is planned to improve/adapt the AJZaurusUSB driver, allowing ssh into the OpenMoko.
A: It is expected that (Bluetooth/UB) SyncML based interoperation for contacts and events can easily be achieved by a patch to the Apple iSync configuration tables.
A: There is an open source implementation of Cocoa (GNUstep) that aims to run MacOS X compatible applications (sort of PPC/x86/ARM universal binaries) on OpenMoko devices: mySTEP.
Q: Can PalmOS apps applications be ported to run on OpenMoko?
A: Making legacy apps written for the "Garnet" OS (née "Palm OS") run on Linux is decidedly non-trivial. An emulator for this is going to be part of the ACCESS Linux Platform.
PalmOS uses a very different model from Linux: it doesn't really have a concept of a file, per se; instead, all memory is seen as a "soup" of records to access and manipulate (this isn't strictly true, as files had to be grafted on when removable flash was supported, but it's close enough, from a developer's standpoint). Also, the GUI toolkit looks very, very different from GTK. The result is that a very well-written, modular program that carefully separates its core algorithms from its user interface and data input and output can be ported by replacing those components. A program written by a mere mortal programmer is likely to have all these components intertwined to a point that a port will be challenging to say the least.
The ACCESS Linux Platform will include POSE, an emulator that simulates a Palm device on a Linux host. This emulator has been around a long time; one expects that it will also run on OpenMoko, but this has to be considered a short-term bandaid rather than a long-term solution.
Q: Will a JTAG port be made available?
A: The "Hacker's Lunchbox" will make this kind of stuff easy. Details will be provided by Sean/FIC later.
Q: What are the relevant X11 details?
A: See xdpyinfo output.
Q: Does it include a camera?
A: No, see Neo1973_Hardware for details on what it does include (and Wish_List_-_Hardware for what some want in the future.) With the USB port and a powered hub, or bluetooth, you should be able to attach many external cameras.
Q: What is the battery life?
A: There has been no word on this so far, but see these estimates for a rough idea.
Q: How heavy is it?
A: 184 +/- 5 g
Q: How I can put my hands on Neo1973? How can I buy one?
A: See the time line for when the phone is available. To be informed when it is available, subscribe to the mailing list announce.
Q: Who is eligible to buy a Neo1973 in Phase 1 (developer phase)?
A: These are the official Neo1973 requirements: Phase 1 buyers need to:
- Have fun hacking devices.
- Find their way through prototype software and hardware without much documentation.
- Share the dream of a device powered by free software.
- Not expect a consumer-level device.
- Come up with new ideas for exploring the age of mobile computing.
- Have $350.
Ideally they also:
- Can spot bugs and submit patches.
- Love to cooperate with a community improving the software.
(Michael Lauer http://openmoko.org/)
Q: On the lists on lists.openmoko.org, should replies be added above or below the original text?
A: Please reply UNDER post.
Q: What is the relationship of OpenMoko to the Neo 1973? What is the hardware and what is the software?
A: Neo1973 is the hardware from FIC. OpenMoko is pure software.
Q: How can I find out if a question or topic has already been discussed on the mailing lists?
A: By searching the mailing list archives. For example, using Google searches:
site:openmoko.org text
For example, to search for accelerometer:
site:openmoko.org accelerometer
If you only want to read the "official" mails from FIC people or from OpenMoko people:
site:openmoko.org text "at fic.com.tw" site:openmoko.org text "at openmoko.org"
For example to search for "release date" from FIC people:
site:openmoko.org "release date" "at fic.com.tw"
Alternatively you can use the custom OpenMoko search engine which has been created using Google Co-op.
Q: Are there any LEDs on the Neo 1973?
A: The Neo1973 v1 will have no LEDs besides the screen backlight.


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The Reference Collection houses resources ranging from family histories and printed minutes kept by local literary societies to Missouri official publications and scholarly monographs on the history of the state and the lives of its citizens.
Local historians and genealogists can find a multitude of sources such as county and town histories, city directories, compiled cemetery records, and indexes to local records.
Primary and secondary sources on many aspects of the state's and the nation's history and culture await the specialized researcher.
The Reference Collection contains several card catalogs to assist patrons and staff in accessing the holdings. SHSMO houses other smaller, unique finding aids. Patrons can use these card catalogs when they visit SHSMO's Reference Collection, and staff members routinely use them to answer correspondence and to reply to telephone calls.
The Missouri Surname Index provides citations to biographies in early Missouri county histories and to selected biographical items in newspapers, periodicals, vertical files and books. Although this index is not an "every name file," the Missouri Surname Index is a good place for historians to begin their research on an individual.
The vertical files contain magazine and newspaper clippings, handwritten information donated by patrons, bibliographies, programs, brochures, flyers and other materials that, by reason of their physical formats, cannot be placed on the shelves with books. Patrons locate these files through subject cards in the card catalog and/or the Vertical File shelf list cards. The files are not open to public browsing; Society staff retrieves folders upon request.
Although the Surname vertical files are primarily Family Surname Files, they include files on individual Missouri politicians, pioneers, past and present celebrities, outlaws, and architects. Examples of individuals included are Daniel Boone, Jesse James, Harry S. Truman, Morris Frederick Bell, Sheryl Crow, and Brad Pitt. Within this collection are purple vertical file folders for Missouri Military Personnel Deaths occurring during the past twenty-five years.
The Missouri Artists vertical files are orange files containing information about native Missouri artists or artists who have focused on Missouri for inspiration in their work. Included are multiple files on well-known Missouri artists Thomas Hart Benton and George Caleb Bingham. There are also files on artistic organizations and galleries throughout the state.
The Missouri Authors vertical files are green files containing information about native Missouri authors or authors who have focused on Missouri in their writings. This includes multiple files on author Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) and poet Eugene Field.
In the early 1990's, the Missouri State Lodge of the Fraternal Order of the Police and the Missouri State Trooper's Association established a memorial to Missouri Law Enforcement personnel who lost their lives in the line of duty. Society staff members helped in this project by researching and documenting line-of-duty deaths. A large set of blue vertical files containing information on the service and deaths of these law enforcement personnel grew out of the project. Society staff members still help to document and verify the eligibility of past law enforcement personnel whose names are added to the memorial in Jefferson City. Information concerning the deaths of current law enforcement personnel is also gathered, and each individual's name is added to the collection of blue vertical files.
In 2003, the Reference Library staff began the Fallen Firefighters Memorial vertical files as a companion to the Law Enforcement Memorial vertical files. The Fallen Firefighters Memorial in Kingdom City, Missouri, was the inspiration and starting point for this collection. Information has been located on almost all of the firefighters listed on the memorial, and additional red folders are added to the collection when new information becomes available about past or present line-of-duty deaths. The collection also includes the names of emergency medical personnel who have been killed in the line-of-duty.
The Reference Collection holds several collections of rare and special interest books. Included among these are:
Also in the regular collection are some interesting and useful sub-groups:
The Reference Collection houses the Missouri County Atlases/Plat Maps, while the Newspaper Collection maintains the microfilm that is used to make copies of the plat maps. These atlases/plat maps are a wonderful resource for researchers seeking to locate the land their ancestors owned or the location of historic towns, roads, water bodies, and railroads.
The Reference Collection has a large collection of Missouri County Record Indexes, which are cataloged under call number F508.3. The majority of these indexes are to county birth/death registers, marriage licenses, and cemetery transcriptions. There are additional record indexes, including probate/will, taxes, and other county government records. These indexes refer to records held by individual counties. SHSMO does not have these records in its collection; instead many of these records are available on microfilm at the Missouri State Archives in Jefferson City. The availability of county records varies greatly by county due to courthouse fires, neglect, natural disasters, and economics. A portion of these county record indexes can be found online through the online catalog.
The Reference Collection of official Missouri state publications is catalogued under the letter "M." Since SHSMO is a state depository library, this collection grows constantly, with additions from all branches and departments of Missouri state government. Many researchers use the rosters, pictures, and laws within these official state manuals to find current and historical information. The Missouri Official Manuals, nicknamed "blue books," include a wealth of information about Missouri and its government officials. The biographical sketches in these "blue books" are cited in the Missouri Surname Index. The Missouri Official Manuals are accessible to the public in the reference collection. The majority of the Missouri official collection, excluding the Missouri Official Manuals, is not browsable by the public and must be retrieved from closed stacks by the reference staff.
While the MSSDAR maintains this collection, it is housed in the Reference Collection room at the State Historical Society and is available to everyone.

subset: commoncrawl


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It's not uncommon for books to become television shows (hello, M*A*S*H!). It's far less common for TV to give us a book.
But "Mad Men" is not your average series and the bemused, hard-drinking soul of the program, ad industry lifer Roger Sterling, is not your typical character. And so the volume Sterling began writing on the most recent season of "Mad Men," a memoir of Madison Avenue love and loss called Sterling's Gold, is out this week as a real-life book featuring the "wit and wisdom of an ad man."
The speedily published project (it took about three months from TV episode to hardcover book) collects many of Sterling's most glittering bon mots on topics such as: Clients, Creatives, Seduction, Women, The Good Life and Business Ethics. It's closer to a page-a-day calendar than a meaty memoir, but as big fans of the show and the character, we ain't complaining.
So how much wit and wisdom, exactly, does Roger Sterling (or, really, the writers behind the actor John Slattery who plays him) have? To find out, we asked real-life Mad Man, Donny Deutsch, TV host and Chairman of Deutsch Inc. Advertising Agency, to comment on five of our favorite Sterling-isms. Here's what Deutsch had to say:
1. Sterling: "I'll tell you what brilliance in advertising is: ninety-nine cents. Somebody thought of that."
Deutsch: "Couldn't agree more. It's always the simplest and most basic selling propositions that are the best. Bravo!"
2. Sterling: "I don't know if anyone ever told you that half the time business comes down to: 'I don't like that guy.'"
Deutsch: "How true. Advertising is a relationship business and that's a reality you just have to deal with. By the way, even if a client loves your idea and they don't like you, they're probably not going to work with you ... nor should they. Would you hire someone you didn't like?"
3. Sterling: "You know what my father used to say? Being with a client is like being in a marriage. Sometimes you get into it for the wrong reasons and eventually they hit you in the face."
Deutsch:"The reality is when you're pitching a client you need to be true to who you are. If you sell yourself based on who you're not, it's not going to work."
4. Sterling: "When a man gets to a point in his life when his name's on the building, he can get an unnatural sense of entitlement."
Deutsch: "Don't I know it!"
5. Sterling: "The day you sign a client is the day you start losing them."
Deutsch: "Understand that no client is forever and who said they're supposed to be?"
And there you have it. Seems that the boozy, blustery character of Roger Sterling actually makes a lot of sense in real life.


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Events Around the World
The Roof
Floating above Brookfield Places' Winter Garden, The Roof is a site-specific suspended sculpture by Thai artist, Pinaree Sanpitak that celebrates collaboration and coexistence. The Roof is composed of translucent canopies hanging among the Winter Garden palm trees that create a literal but temporary 'roof.' Made from raw silk, glass fiber, non-woven fabric, wires, hooks, chains and aluminum modular truss, The Roof was constructed to interact with the architecture of Brookfield Place — as well as the palms and the people who pass through each day, forming a delicate, surreal shelter within the walls of the Winter Garden.
Pinaree Sanpitak,from Thailand, was in a residency at Headlands Center for the Arts in 2000 with support from ACC.
Grantee: Pinaree Sanpitak
Sonata: Print Series by Nam June Paik
Sonata: Print Series by Nam June Paik offers a series of prints, including Paik's musical compositions, drawings, photographs, performances, events and video sculptures. Nam June Paik, the Korean-American artist who died in 2006 at age 73, is widely known as the father of video art. He produced a large body of work while exploring the influence of electronic media on the arts.
Nam June Paik received ACC Fellowships in 1965 and 1970 for research in the United States.
Grantee: Paik Nam June
Mode of Liaisons
Bangkok Art and Culture Centre and the Japan Foundation Asia Center present Mode of Liaisons exhibition as a part of "Condition Report", a collaborative art project with curators from Japan and Southeast Asian countries with the objectives to incubate young curators through working in collboration with senior curators. The Condition Report Project is composed of 2 parts of the curatorial works under the main theme "What is Southeast Asia?". The first part is 4 exhibitions curated by the senior curators in 4 cities: Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Bangkok to demonstrate their concepts, phenomenons, and contents of contemporary art as well as to employ the exhibition as an opportunity to train young curators. The second part is 14 separated exhibitions curated independently by young curators.
Grantees: Myat Htay Aung, Ismail Roslisham
Hi! Houses
Hi! Houses art project is carried out in 4 significant historic sites in Hong Kong, bringing audience a journey into the century-old houses. Wilson Shieh, Lam Tung-pang, Fiona Wong and Jaffa Lam, are invited to pay tribute to the long tradition and historical legacies of 4 selected monuments namely Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum, Old House at Wong Uk Village, Law Uk Folk Museum and Sam Tung Uk Museum respectively. The 4 artists develop interpretative works together with their artist teams using their own visual vocabularies, based on field research, historical narratives, regional context as well as their personal experience.
Grantees: Wong Fiona Lai-ching, Hui Ngo Shan, Lam Tung Pang
Aki Inomata
Out of Hand: Materialising the Digital examines the place and impact of new digital manufacturing technologies – 3D printing in its various forms, CNC machining, laser cutting, and digital knitting and weaving. The exhibition features works by more than 60 artists, designers and architects from around the world.
Aki is an artist from Japan who will begin her ACC fellowship in New York in spring 2017.
Grantee: Inomata Aki
REWOVEN: Innovative Fiber Art
Rewoven: Innovative Fiber Art is a collaboration between the Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts, Taiwan, Taiwanese American Arts Council, New York, the Godwin-Ternbach Museum, Queens College and the QCC Art Gallery / CUNY. The exhibition showcases twenty-four artists whose extraordinary creativity and commitment to nature, environmental, and social issues are addressed in a convergence of painted, woven, netted, sewn, assembled and installed artworks.
Visual artist Wen-Fu Yu is part of the exhibition. Wen-Fu Yu received an ACC Fellowship in 2002 to undertake a residency in the U.S. and for research in New York.
Grantee: Yu Wen-Fu
Lesson Zero
The exhibition Lesson Zero aims to elicit collective contemplation of key issues of contemporary life. The works on display pose questions about teaching and learning, and the customs and circumstances of education. They explore the fundamental premises of these acts along with the resulting cultural implications, provoking thought on how the working principles of these methods are manifested in society. Through artistic observation and ideation, the works of local and international artists question the idea of education, which shapes an individual, and at the same time remind the viewer of the individuals who resist group norms of socialization in classroom and school settings.
Grantees: Okada Hiroko, Yamamoto Takayuki
CULTURE SHIFTS: GLOBAL | LOOK/17 Liverpool International Photography Festival
LOOK/17 presents a unique opportunity for trans-global sharing of images and ideas. Working with Hong Kong based curator Ying Kwok, the festival will focus on exchange with China, welcoming Chinese photographers to our city, and exploring images taken in Hong Kong and Liverpool – cities with a long history of exchange.
Grantees: Wong Wo Bik, Kwok Ying
Embrace or Rebel? Traditional Asian Art Techniques in Contemporary Practice Art Exhibition
Embrace or Rebel? Traditional Asian Art Techniques in Contemporary Practice, a group exhibition curated by gallery director Hyewon Yi, presents works in various media by seven Contemporary East Asian artists who interpret traditional methods in innovative ways. Embrace or Rebel? considers long-established Asian techniques and styles that have taken a backseat to Contemporary East Asian art, partly due to their being viewed as antithetical to Modernism.
Enrico Isamu Oyama received an ACC Fellowship in 2011 to research contemporary art, meet artists and curators, and create new work while participating in an artist residency program in the United States.
Grantee: Enrico Isamu Oyama
VOICE of the WOODS
To commemorate the 200th anniversary of Henry David Thoreau's birth in 2017, Koichiro Kurita's work from the project Beyond Spheres will be exhibited in the Main Gallery of the Griffin Museum of Photography, Winchester, MA from April 6 through May 28, 2017. In response to Thoreau's writings and overriding philosophy regarding timeless man's relationship with nature, these photographs are an answer to the question "What if Thoreau had been a photographer?"
Koichiro Kurita launched the Beyond Spheres project in 2010. The aim of this project was, and is, to give pictorial form to Thoreau's ideas and writings by employing the existing photographic methods in Thoreau's time and invented by his contemporary, photography pioneer William Henry Fox Talbot. In homage to Thoreau and Talbot, Kurita has created handmade photographs with the same depth of thought and reflection on man's coexistence with nature in this project. This approach provides a unique opportunity to experience Thoreau's philosophy of man's relationship to nature in visual form and to demonstrate the value of photography made by hand in today's fast-paced world.
Mr. Kurita received an ACC fellowship in 1990 for creative work in photography in the U.S.
Grantee: Kurita Koichiro
Yayoi Kusama: Infinity Mirrors
Yayoi Kusama: Infinity Mirrors is a celebration of the legendary Japanese artist's sixty-five-year career and promises to be one of 2017's essential art experiences. Visitors will have the unprecedented opportunity to discover six of Kusama's captivating Infinity Mirror Rooms alongside a selection of her other key works, including a number of paintings from her most recent series My Eternal Soul that have never been shown in the US. From her radical performances in the 1960's, when she staged underground polka dot "Happenings" on the streets of New York, to her latest Infinity Mirror Room, All the Eternal Love I Have for the Pumpkins, 2016, the Hirshhorn exhibition will showcase Kusama's full range of talent for the first time in Washington, DC. Don't miss this unforgettable sensory journey through the mind and legacy of one of the world's most popular artists.
Yayoi Kusama received ACC Fellowships in 1964 and 1996 for travel in the United States.
Grantee: Kusama Yayoi
Japanese Artists in New York - 1971, Photographs by Tom Haar
During the early years of Tom Haar's residence in New York, from 1968 to 1983, he learned of a large group of Japanese artists. intrigued by their exciting lifestyle in New York, and having grown up in Japan himself, he decided to capture their creative lives in a photo essay, "Japanese Artists in New York - 1971."
"New York was very stimulating in the early 1970s—in areas gritty and seedy—especially in lower Manhattan, where many of the artists lived. soho and the artists' housing, westbeth, were still in their infancies."
It has been forty-six years since Haar worked on this project. today, many of these artists are still creatively active in new york. one of the photographed artists, Yayoi Kusama, now a well-known artist with international celebrity status, will be highlighted at this year's Honolulu Biennial, March 8th to May 8th.
Tom Haar received ACC Fellowships in 1983 and 1985 for travel to Korea and Japan for photograph is documentation.
Grantee: Tom Haar
The Assignment
The world premiere of The Assignment, an original play by Camilo Almonacid, developed by Houses on the Moon Theater Company, in association with Rhymes Over Beats, and directed by Emily Joy Weiner, features Erick Betancourt as Julian J. Torres, and ACC grantee Karen Kandel as Helen Payne in this two-character play about an English professor who is shaken when a student's personal essay reopens long buried wounds.
Grantee: Karen Kandel
Sandra Eula Lee: Make of/Make Do
Sandra Lee's installations incorporate sculptural, photographic, and drawing traditions to consider ways in which place is created among changing urban and environmental conditions. The sculptures and installations she constructs are informed by her observations of daily life and through the collecting and reconfiguring of the materials that pass through it.
Sandra Eula Lee received an ACC Fellowship in 2009 to travel to Korea.
Grantee: Sandra Eula Lee
New Mexico Philharmonic with Violinist Jennifer Koh
ACC granttee and 1994 International Tchaikovsky Competition winner will perform the Brahms Violin Concerto with the New Mexico Philharmonic in Popejoy Hall on Saturday, April 22. Music director candidate Roberto Minczuk will conduct.
Jennifer Koh received an ACC fellowship in 2012 for research and creative work in Korea, China, Cambodia, India, and Indonesia.
Grantee: Jennifer Koh
Between Blossoms
In his new photographic series Between Blossoms, New York-based Chinese photographer Shen Wei has taken a meditative journey across continents, from the United States to Europe and Asia. His seductive photographs capture a unifying sense of other-worldliness within the changing landscape, generating an abstracted sensation of place that he describes as "deeply connected to my inner melancholy, a dream-like state of mind."
Shen Wei received an ACC fellowship in 2012 to explore and document Buddhist temple life in Thailand.
Grantee: Shen Wei, Photographer
From Nirvana to Catastrophe – Matsuzawa Yutaka and his 'Commune in Imaginary Space'
Curated by Yoshiko Shimada, From Nirvana to Catastrophe: Matsuzawa Yutaka and his 'Commune in Imaginary Space' focuses on the period 1969 - 1973, which has been the most active years of Matsuzawa's activities. Reflecting on the exhibition Nirvana (1970), the pioneer of international exhibitions on Conceptualism in Japan, the exhibition traces the formation of Matsuzawa's thoughts and his idea of 'free commune' in a chronological order through nine document and material bodies.
Grantee: Shimada Yoshiko


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Riedel "O" Wine Decanter
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- Summary
Maximilian Riedel designed this distinctive decanter to complement the company's casual "O" wine tumblers. One noteworthy feature is its integral thumb hold in the base that assists one-handed pouring, a design attribute that increases aeration. The decanter's wide, elliptical mouth facilitates filling and promotes a smooth, drip-free pour. Perfect for entertaining or everyday use, the lead-crystal serving vessel is masterfully handcrafted in Austria by Riedel, a family-owned company famous for fine glassware since 1756.
- 9" high; 34.5-oz. cap. (holds the contents of a standard 750-ml. bottle).
- Made in Austria.
- Dimensions & More Info
- 9" high.
- 34.5-oz. cap.
- Made in Austria.
- Use & Care
- Hand-wash.
- Shipping
Shipping Information
UPS can deliver most in-stock items within 3–5 business days. UPS is unable to deliver to P.O. boxes.
Shipping Rates
The shipping rate varies depending on your order total and shipping destination. View Shipping Options and Charges.
Next Day Delivery
For an additional charge of $26 per address, we can expedite delivery to most destinations. This service is not available for some oversize items, items shipped directly from the supplier (including perishable and custom-manufactured items), out-of-stock items and items to be shipped outside the contiguous 48 states.
Orders received by 9:00 p.m. ET Monday through Thursday will arrive the next business day; orders placed Friday through Sunday will arrive on the following Tuesday.
Return Policy
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Rated 3 out of 5 by NYCBride from Picture is deceiving We ordered this online, based on what we thought it would be - an oval shape with a hold in the middle (easy grip and cool-looking?) It's actually quite small, round, and the bump in the picture isn't a hole, it's just a piece of glass sticking up on the inside from the bottom. So if wine was filled a little more, you wouldn't see it. May have served it's purpose, but we returned. Didn't think it was beautiful enough to warrant such a high price tag.Date published: 2013-08-15


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Michigan's 10-year dissociation from Webber, other stars ends
ANN ARBOR, Mich. -- Maurice Taylor and Louis Bullock are eager to reconnect with Michigan.
In their first interviews about the Ed Martin booster scandal, both former players told The Associated Press they hope to re-establish a relationship with the university now that a decade-long dissociation ordered by the NCAA has ended.
Taylor and Bullock said they both regret choices they made as young men that ended up staining the school and stunting the basketball program.
What about Chris Webber? The public may have to wait for him to publish his book. But as of Wednesday, Webber, Taylor and Bullock all have the option of renewing their relationship with the Wolverines.
Athletic director Dave Brandon insisted the door is open for all three former players. Bullock and Taylor, at least, say they plan to take advantage of the invitation.
"This morning, I felt really good about the dissociation being over and having the opportunity to reunite with the University of Michigan," Taylor said. "I'm excited to talk to Mr. Brandon and coach (John) Beilein. While I had some success in the NBA, there was a void in my life because of the circumstances. I had three of the best years of my life there and I love that school and all that it stands for."
The NCAA forced Michigan to dissociate from Webber, Taylor, Bullock and the late Robert Traylor for a decade because a federal investigation revealed the now-deceased Martin gave them more than $600,000 when they were students.
"When each one of us took money or gifts from Ed, long before we were in college, we were looking through innocent eyes," Taylor said in an interview Wednesday. "We weren't trying to hurt Michigan. I think it was a little harsh that we were punished for such a long period of time for what we did as kids."
Bullock said he accepted money from Martin because he simply thought everyone was doing it.
"When I was 18, I thought that's just how life was on college campuses," Bullock told AP. "I wish it didn't happen, but my parents taught me to admit it when you do something wrong and accept the consequences."
Bullock said he simply blocked out the situation while playing professionally in Europe until taking this past season off. While Taylor said one of his aunts was counting down the days until the dissociation ended, Bullock said he had lost track of the time.
"It was easier for me to basically forget about it than it was for C-Webb, Mo and Rob because they were in the NBA," said Bullock, who lives in Maryland and is contemplating ending his playing career. "I was off in Europe and I was the guy who was kind of forgotten about."
Brandon said he has never spoken to Webber, Taylor or Bullock. He declined to say whether each would have to apologize for what they were accused of doing to be welcomed back.
"I wasn't around when all of this happened," Brandon said. "I've never had an opportunity to interact with them to talk about anything and I am hopeful that opportunity will present itself."
Martin pleaded guilty to conspiracy to launder money, saying he took gambling money and combined it with other funds in loans to Webber, other players and their families. Martin died in February 2003 on the same day Michigan officials met with the NCAA infractions committee.
"Ed was made out to be something he wasn't, he wasn't a booster who steered you to a school or guy who preyed on kids," said Taylor, a retired NBA player who lives in Houston and works for a private equity business. "He was just a great guy in Detroit, who helped out anybody playing ball of any kind in the city."
Messages seeking comment were left for Webber, Beilein, former coach Steve Fisher and school president Mary Sue Coleman,. Traylor died in 2011, when police in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where he was playing professionally, found him dead in his oceanfront apartment.
"I know Lou and Mo would love to come back, but Chris is the wild card," said Dugan Fife, who played at Michigan with all four of the formerly dissociated players. "Some people go to college and never come back and if that happens with Chris, I think that would be sad."
A decade ago, the NCAA barred the Wolverines from postseason play for one year, took scholarships away and put the school on probation for what the governing body said was "one of the most egregious violations of NCAA laws in the history of the organization."
Martin's name surfaced after Taylor lost control of his car on Feb. 17, 1996. He was returning from a party in Detroit with four teammates who were entertaining Mateen Cleaves on his official recruiting visit. Cleaves later signed with Michigan State and led that team to the 2000 NCAA title.
The well-publicized crash led to the first of three investigations, the firing of Fisher and a cloud that hovered over Michigan's basketball program until recently.
Webber pleaded guilty to a criminal contempt charge in July 2003, a day before jury selection was scheduled to start for his trial on a perjury charge. He was accused of lying about money authorities say the player received from Martin.
In his plea, Webber admitted lying to the grand jury in 2000, saying he did not recall giving money to Martin. Webber acknowledged in the plea that in 1994 he gave Martin about $38,000 in cash as partial repayment for expenditures Martin made on his behalf.
Webber was ordered to pay a $100,000 fine, completed 330 hours of community service and paid expenses of more than $78,000.
Webber has rarely addressed the scandal or its fallout.
"I didn't do anything, so I don't feel sorry for them," Webber once said.
Jalen Rose, Jimmy King and Ray Jackson -- three-fifths of the famed Fab Five -- were honored by the school in a bittersweet ceremony Nov. 21, 2010, during halftime of a game at Crisler Arena. Above their heads in the rafters, the 1992 and 1993 Final Four banners they helped the Wolverines earn were missing. The school took them down, rolled them up, wrapped them in plastic and tucked them behind a locked door on the bottom shelf of a narrow cage near other artifacts such as Civil War diaries.
Juwan Howard, who plays for the Miami Heat, joined Rose, King and Jackson last month in Atlanta to watch the Wolverines play Louisville in the NCAA final. Webber was there, too, in a suite.
Michigan also removed championship banners from the 1997 National Invitational Tournament -- when Taylor, Traylor and Bullock were teammates -- and the Big Ten tournament in 1998, the year after Taylor entered the NBA draft.
"Now that the program is back to where it was when we were back in school, I hope we're all embraced again," Rose told The AP earlier this year. "I don't think Chris is interested in apologizing and if that is the only criteria, I hope that isn't held against all the guys who put a lot of sweat equity into that school and program."


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|Wading River, N.Y.
|High School:
|Shoreham-Wading River
|Mechanical Engineering
2011-12: Competed in the varsity four boat in the #3 seat against Yale (4/7); versus Cornell (4/21) and at Penn (4/28) … rowed in the freshman boat in the #1 seat at the Head of the Charles (10/22).
Off The Water at MIT: Majoring in mechanical engineering … minor in energy studies … internship with Management and Energy Consulting … research in energy initiatives and alternatives in third-world countries and biofuels … Next House executive board as treasurer.
High School: A 2010 graduate of Shoreham-Wading River High School … 2009 New York State Scholastic Champion (jr. men double) … 2010 New York State Scholastic Champion (sr men club double) … fourth at 2009 SRAA Nationals (jr. men double) … also lettered in wrestling … Principal's List … Math League team … Eagle scout.


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NYSA's Organizational Structure
The Northshore Youth Soccer Association functions much like a co-op in one major way: NYSA is run by the members. From team snack person to the NYSA President, all are members (and usually parents). As you will see from the following description of how NYSA functions, this requires the volunteer help of thousands of people. NYSA would not exist without that volunteer participation.
Note: Anyone working, in any way, with children within NYSA is required to complete a national background check (RMA) through the WA Youth Soccer Affinity Sports System. There is a link to the Affinity logon on the NYSA website in Member: Risk Management.
NYSA Board
At the top of the Northshore Youth Soccer Association pyramid is the NYSA Board of Directors. Officers include: President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Registrar. Club Presidents are NYSA Board members and represent their clubs. There are various Committee Chairs including: Judicial, Equipment, Risk Management, etc.
The Board meets on the first Tuesday of each month and is responsible for compliance with all NYSA, Washington Youth Soccer, USYSA, USSF, and FIFA rules. The Board oversees NYSA's business and operations.
NYSA is a member association of Washington Youth Soccer. Washington Youth Soccer is divided into seven administrative Districts - each overseen by a District Commissioner. NYSA is in District 2, with Lake Washington Youth Soccer Association (LWYSA), Eastside Youth Soccer Association (EYSA), and Snoqualmie Valley Youth Soccer Association (SVYSA).(For more information on the structure of Washington Youth Soccer and its parent organizations, see the Washington Youth Soccer website.)
NYSA Clubs
NYSA is divided into clubs for administrative purposes. NYSA has 4 Clubs for the U6 to U12 recreation players: Bothell, Inglemoor, North Creek, and Woodinville Clubs. These clubs are formed around the Northshore School District's elementary school feeder pattern to the high schools.
United Club serves the U13 through U19 recreational players. The NSC club is NYSA's select program for U10 to U19 teams; and the Sound FC Club is NYSA's premier program for U9 through U19 players.
The Sound FC and NSC clubs meet monthly while the rec clubs meet monthly prior to, during, and after the fall season to get input from the clubs and attend to club business. Your Club is your communication link with the NYSA. All teams should have a coach and, ideally, a manager attend these meetings. The Club meetings (and email communications) are NYSA's vital link to its membership.
Clubs are responsible for many administrative and association duties. Those duties can include: overseeing the club's returning and new player registration, finding coaches, allocating practice fields, soliciting referees to referee games that do not have a referee, lining fields, etc.
Club officers can include President, VP's (that match NYSA's VPs), Secretary, Treasurer, and Registrar (Club registrars serve under the NYSA Registrar). Other jobs include: Referee Assignor, Equipment Manager, Practice Field Scheduling, Risk Management, etc.
All teams must have a coach and preferably, an assistant coach. Coaches must become licensed through the appropriate coach license clinic offered by NYSA.
Coaches plan and run practices each week, coach the weekend games, and attend the appropriate coach training offered by NYSA. Coaches are responsible for maintaining proper behavior on their team's sidelines at games.
NYSA strongly recommends that each team have a manager. Managers (or team parents as they are sometimes called) do the organizational work for the coach and attend club meetings with the coach. Managers distribute information, coordinate uniform purchase (if necessary), coordinate team travel (if necessary), distribute game schedules, and find other team parents to handle additional tasks such as picture person, snack person, and parent referee.


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View of The Garrison, Millport.
Description View of The Garrison, Millport.
Date c. 1991
Collection RCAHMS
Catalogue Number SC 1462193
Category On-line Digital Images
Copy of B 48068 CT
Scope and Content General view of The Battery, Millport from the S.
Permalink http://canmore.org.uk/collection/1462193
Attribution: © Crown Copyright: HES
Licence Type: Full
You may: copy, display, store and make derivative works [eg documents] solely for licensed personal use at home or solely for licensed educational institution use by staff and students on a secure intranet.
Under these conditions: Display Attribution, No Commercial Use or Sale, No Public Distribution [eg by hand, email, web]


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The World at Night Newsletter October 2010
14 October 2010
- New Publications: TWAN Book in German and Dutch: The World at Night has its first official book published in Europe. The large coffee-table book is illustrated with some of the most beautiful TWAN photos.
- New Topics Galleries: Each month there will be new topical galleries on TWAN to make searching through TWAN enlarging archive easier. The new topical galleries are Moon, Milky Way, Meteors, Comets, Eclipses, Aurora, and stunning Virtual Reality animations of night sky.
- Join TWAN fans on Facebook: Learn about the latest updates on the project and communicate with TWAN photographers at The World at Night page on Facebook page.
- Host a TWAN event: TWAN events have traveled to about 30 countries since 2008. New planning for TWAN exhibits and educational workshops is started and we seek for the best venues around the world with interest to host TWAN events in 2010 and beyond. Contact us
There are new stunning photos and time-lapse videos on the TWAN website, featuring starry nights of our planet's landmarks from around the world:
- Sagittarius above the Sahara by Babak A. Tafreshi
- River of Heaven by Kwon O Chul
- A Complete Night of Mount Kilimanjaro (VR/video) by Kwon O Chul
- Sky Motion above Kilimanjaro (VR/video) by Kwon O Chul
- Aurora Reflection by Yuichi Takasaka
- Northern Lights over Prelude Lake by Yuichi Takasaka
- Alberta Summer Night by Yuichi Takasaka
- Northern Lights above Clouds by Yuichi Takasaka
- The Color of Polar Nights by Yuichi Takasaka
- Creek Milky Way by Wally Pacholka
- Galaxy Reflection by Wally Pacholka
- Pegasus and Andromeda in the Crater Lake by Wally Pacholka
- Emerald Beauty by Wally Pacholka
- Above the Clouds in Himalaya by Babak A. Tafreshi
- Beehive above Himalaya by Babak A. Tafreshi
- A Summer Night of Siberia by Aleksandr Yuferev
Australia and Pacific
- Starry Sky above Siding Spring by Kwon O Chul
- Siding Spring Milky Way by Kwon O Chul
- Easter Island Milky Way by Juan Carlos Casado
- Moments with Moais by Stephane Guisard
- Hessdalen Northern Lights (time-lapse video) by Bernd Proschold
Cook Islands
- Galactic Paradise by Tunc Tezel
- The Bands of Zodiac and Milky Way by Tunc Tezel
- Captain Cook Sky by P.K. Chen
New Zealand
- Starry Night of New Zealand by Tunc Tezel
- New Zealand All Sky View by Tunc Tezel
- Milky Way and Two Satellites by P.K. Chen
- Sky Gazing from Lake Takepo by P.K. Chen
- Our Cosmic Neighbors by P.K. Chen
- Winter Night of Southern New Zealand by P.K. Chen
- Jupiter above Brittany by Laurent Laveder
- Balanced with Moon by Laurent Laveder
- Moon and Planets above Atlantic Ocean by Serge Brunier
- Full Moon and King Gradlon by Laurent Laveder
- The Rare Parhelic Circle by Laurent Laveder
- Starry Sky of Switched Off Village by Laurent Laveder
- Moon and Jupiter above Quimper Cathedral by Laurent Laveder
- Photographer and Jupiter by Tamas Ladanyi
- Moon and Jupiter by Tamas Ladanyi
- Observing Jupiter and Uranus by Tamas Ladanyi
- Meteor and Sundial by Tamas Ladanyi
- Aurora and Meteor by Bernd Proschold
- Frosty Moonrise by P-M Heden
- The Falling Star by P-M Heden
- Crescent Venus by P-M Heden
- My Galactic Home by P-M Heden
- Milky Way above Faro by P-M Heden
Middle East
- Jupiter and Uranus by Babak A. Tafreshi
- Celestial Conjunction above Ancient Ruins by Oshin D. Zakarian
- Conjunction Observers by Babak A. Tafreshi
- Moon, Venus, and Observers in Motion (VR/video) by Babak A. Tafreshi
- Flying to the Stars by Amir H. Abolfath
- Moon and Planetary Triangle in the Evening Sky by Amir H. Abolfath
- Galaxy Gazer by Amir H. Abolfath
- Moon, Venus, and Photographer by Amir H. Abolfath
- Desert Night by Amir H. Abolfath
- Winter Night of Alborz by Oshin D. Zakarian
- Hormozd Shines above Persia by Oshin D. Zakarian
- Lights from the Earth and Space by Oshin D. Zakarian
- Astronomy for Public by Babak A. Tafreshi
- Sky Photographer Meets with Three Planets by Babak A. Tafreshi
- A King of Liberty by Babak A. Tafreshi
- Night, Camera, Action! (VR/video) by Babak A. Tafreshi
- Walking Under Milky Way by Babak A. Tafreshi
- Starry Love Story by Oshin D. Zakarian
- Engaged with Stars by Oshin D. Zakarian
- Jupiter and Milky Way by Tunc Tezel
- Ending Summer's Evening by Tunc Tezel
- Seven Months of Venus (time-lapse video) by Tunc Tezel
The Guest Gallery is a well-received section on the TWAN website, featuring selected outstanding Earth and sky photos by non-TWAN creative photographers from around the globe. If you have such remarkable photos to share with the TWAN Guest Gallery then please contact us. There are new featured photos in the Guest Gallery:
- Spring and the Milky Way (Locho mountain, Zahedan, Iran) by Mojtaba Moghadasi
- Star Trails in Sohrein (Sohrein, Zanjan, Iran) by Amir Ali Nasiri
- Sky over Sattelegg #1 (Sattelegg, Switzerland) by David Kaplan
- Niyasar Fire Temple and Star Trails (Niyasar, Kashan, Iran) by Abdolhossein Hashemizadeh
- Milky Way from Light to Dark (Zahedan, Iran) by Arman Golestaneh
- Heavenly Milky Way Arch (Weikersheim, Germany) by Jens Hackmann
- Arrabida Mountain Star Trail (Portinho da Arrabida, Setubal, Portugal) by Miguel Claro
- Windmill Milky Way (Mazra'eye Soleyman, Ardakan, Iran) by Ehsan Sanaei
- Rainbow in Full Moonlight (Iguacu Falls, Brazil-Argentina) by Renato Seerig
- Messier Marathon (Abadeh, Fars, Iran) by Ariana Ahangary
- Moon and Venus above Nyakas Hill (Zsambek, Hungary) by Tamas Abraham
- Full Moon between the Steeples (Allgau, Germany) by Timm Kasper and Robert Blasius
- Orion and Star Trail Cones (Mazari Sharif, Afghanistan) by Mohammad Javad Saffaran
- All Sky View (Taftan Mountain, Iran) by Arman Golestaneh
- Conjunction over Ince Minaret Medrese (Konya, Turkey) by M. Rasid Tugral
- Emu at the Beach (Miramar, Argentina) by Luis Argerich
- Surveillance and Stars (National Pine Forest, Marinha Grande, Portugal) by Goncalo Lemos
- Trailing Tijara Fort (Tijara Fort, Rajasthan, India) by Preshanth Jagannathan
- Moon and Venus from Mercedes (Mercedes, Argentina) by Luis Argerich
- ISS Crossing the Sky (Almada, Portugal) by Miguel Claro
- Venus and Mercury Rising (Snake Valley, Victoria, Australia) by Rob Kaufman
- Falls in Full Moonlight (Iguacu Falls, Brazil-Argentina) by Renato Seerig
- Crossroads Under the Stars (Leh, Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, India) by Ajay Talwar, Vikrant Narang, Raghu Kalra
- Night Dreams (Wasco, Oregon, USA) by Larry Andreasen
Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD), a NASA's world-known website, has featured new images by TWAN photographers:
- Opposite the Sun by Babak Tafreshi
- Northern Lights over Prelude Lake by Yuichi Takasaka
TWAN is featuring 13 special galleries:
Dark Skies Importance
World Heritage Sites
TWAN APODs
TWAN on National Geographic News
TWAN is a global program of Astronomers Without Borders (www.astrowb.org) and a Special Project of International Year of Astronomy, an initiative by IAU and UNESCO. The World at Night is to produce and present a collection of stunning photographs of the world's most beautiful and historic sites against the nighttime backdrop of stars, planets and celestial events. The eternally peaceful sky looks the same above all symbols of different nations and regions, attesting to the truly unified nature of Earth as a planet rather than an amalgam of human-designated territories.
Building bridges through the sky
The World at Night
Search IYA2009 Updates
National Nodes: 148
Organisational Nodes: 40
Organisational Associates:33
National Websites: 111
Cornerstone Projects: 12
Special Task Groups: 11
Special Projects:16
Official Products:8
Media Partners:22


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Burpee Table Top Grow Light
Short Description
Just plug in and grow.
Full Description
Give your seeds the right kind of light so they will grow healthy and strong. Plug in our new portable wide-spectrum light and let the growing begin. Comes with sturdy frame, fully adjustable light box, and two 20-watt wide-spectrum bulb. Measures 24" h x 30" w x 12" deep. Ships 7-14 business days
Buy this product
Item # Product
Order: 1 Grow Light
- +
Product properties
Item 93230 cannot ship to: AE, AK, AP, AS, CN, FM, GU, HI, MH, MP, PR, PW, VI
See all Burpee plant shipping restrictions for your state
the burpee
since 1876
Burpee Table Top Grow Light is rated out of 5 by 7.
Rated 1 out of 5 by Deuce from BURPEE TABLE TOP GROW LIGHT "VERY POOR QUALITY" I am very disappointed with this item, poor construction and cheaply made.
Date published: 2013-11-02
Rated 3 out of 5 by EJSTeeter from Good construction but... I just got this today, and it was very easy to put together and seems quite sturdy, but I waited way too long for it to arrive (over 2 weeks) and one of the bulbs is broken! I have already started my seeds and needed the grow light several days ago, so this is particularly annoying. I will have to find a replacement bulb in town.
Date published: 2013-02-27
Rated 1 out of 5 by Benjamin from Terrible quality Whole assembly is wobbly, one side of the bracket has to be taped up because the screw hole the black tab goes into isn't perfectly round. One light bulb arrived burned out as well.
Date published: 2013-02-13
Rated 4 out of 5 by tinab from A few shortcomings! Received this tabletop growlight in a timely manner. Easy to assemble, even for someone with arthritis. However, one of the bulbs that came with the growlight did not work. I know it was the bulb because I tried the good bulb in both light fixtures and it worked fine. Burpee really should offer replacement bulbs on their website, or at least recommend somewhere to obtain them. I had to search the internet to find a bulb, only hope I ordered the right one.
Date published: 2012-03-04
Rated 5 out of 5 by Irishbarbie from I love this Grow Light I am amazed at the progress of my seedlings! It has been one week since I planted my seeds and my seedlings look healthy and happy! I also used the Burpee heating mat. Easy to put together. My four year old help me do it :)
Date published: 2011-04-29
Rated 5 out of 5 by pcthiker from Excellent quality; low price This was the lowest price grow light I found on the Internet. It took me 5-10 minutes to assemble. The only drawback I can think of is that it is a bit cumbersome to adjust. But it works exactly as advertised. And my seedlings are the beneficiaries. It is an attractive unit, and looks good in what I call my sun room. Order early. It took about 18 days for mine to arrive.
Date published: 2009-02-28
Rated 5 out of 5 by formyCyn from Wonderful tool Easy to setup and with a timer it becomes automatic and works wonders on seedlings. This set up makes growing seedlings effortless. Finally, I have found a high quality, fair priced growlight kit. With this, I was able to finally beat my neighbor to the garden with bigger, stronger, well developed plants. He was amazed at their size and healthiness. Thanks.
Date published: 2008-06-17


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Cozart, Frazier each drill two homers to down Nats
CINCINNATI -- You needed to see home runs? Yeah, the Reds had some home runs on Friday night. Plenty of them, bunches of them. In fact, they had all kinds of home runs for your perusal.
Missed one? Don't worry, it felt like another long ball would be along soon enough.
Against the Nationals during a 15-0 rout, Cincinnati had solo shots, two-run blasts, three-run dingers and even a pinch-hit grand slam. There were two players -- Todd Frazier and Zack Cozart -- who enjoyed multi-homer games. All total, six of their 19 hits in the game came via home runs.
"It was exciting, team-wise," said Frazier, who was 4-for-5 with three runs scored and four RBIs. "Cozart was doing his thing and everybody was contributing. It was pretty cool. You wish you could have those games every day. We can live in this moment for a little longer and then we've got another game tomorrow."
Pitcher Dan Haren's Nationals debut did not go well as he was pounded for six runs and nine hits, including the game's first four home runs, over only four innings. Frazier got it started in the second inning when he crushed a one-out pitch 437 feet to the left-field upper bleachers for a solo homer.
On the very next pitch, a fastball, Cozart began his career-best five-RBI night when he went deep to the first row of seats in left field for his first homer that snapped an 0-for-11 skid to begin the season.
"For me personally, you don't want to think about it -- starting 0-for-11 -- because it's such a long season. But you're going to think about it," Cozart said. "I was just going up there trying to get a hit and ran into one. I can't hit them as far as [Frazier] obviously, so I just try to get them over the wall."
Cozart returned with two outs in the third inning and hit an 0-1 pitch to left field for a three-run homer and the first multi-homer game of his career. In the fourth inning with one out, Shin-Soo Choo hit a 2-1 Haren pitch into the first row in right-center field for his second homer in two days. The solo homer was reviewed on video replay by umpires for three minutes and 39 seconds before the call was upheld.
In the fifth inning against reliever Zach Duke, Cozart's sacrifice fly to right field scored Frazier for the fifth RBI, making it a 7-0 game. The run support was an embarrassment of riches for Reds starter Homer Bailey.
"Sometimes it might make you relax a little too much," Bailey said.
Bailey allowed two singles, three walks and struck out six. However, he didn't feel like it was his best night.
"Homer wasn't that sharp tonight, but was able to get out of trouble," Reds manager Dusty Baker said.
Bailey's fastball was working well and he used it for the majority of his 98 pitches. Of his four called strike threes, a pair were 95-mph heaters that locked up Ryan Zimmerman to begin the second inning and put down Ian Desmond to end the fourth.
"I'll take six shutout innings any night," Bailey said. "You have, like, 10 guys in here with home runs, so I'm sure you don't want to talk to me too much."
As the Reds began the week losing Ryan Ludwick until the All-Star break for right shoulder surgery, other key contributors were struggling in the first series besides Cozart. Although they did not get homers, Joey Votto, who came in 1-for-10, went 3-for-4. Jay Bruce was 1-for-13 with seven strikeouts, but was 2-for-5 on Friday with two doubles and narrowly missed a homer with a double off the left field wall.
Even Bailey was involved in the hitting, with a two-out double to right field in the third inning.
"That's when you know your team is having a good night -- if I get a hit," Bailey said. "Hey, it's contagious, right?"
It sure seemed so. The rout was in full swing by the bottom of the seventh inning as 11 men batted. Following a Jay Bruce RBI double off the left-center field wall, Frazier added a two-run homer to right field -- his third in two games.
"You've got to keep tacking on because you never know what can happen," Frazier said. "We play a lot of one-run games and to see us keep tacking on was pretty cool."
By this point, Baker became liberal with the substitutions. One of them was Xavier Paul, who was pinch-hitting with two outs and the bases loaded. He hit a grand slam to right field -- the first of his career.
"There was something in the air tonight, I think," Paul said. "We swung the bats real well. Fortunately, I got in there and got a piece of the action."
The single-team record for homers in a game at Great American Ball Park is seven, done three times by the Reds -- most recently in 2011.
Coming into the game, the Nationals completed a three-game sweep of the Marlins and allowed only one run. They were the only team without a loss.
Last season's best team in baseball with 98 wins, one more than Cincinnati, the Nationals claimed the season series by winning five of seven games. However, six of those seven were decided by three runs or less, including three by one run and three that went to extra innings.
"A lot of people questioned how we're hitting the first series [vs. the Angels], even though we won two out of three," Cozart said. "We showed that we can hit. Tonight was obviously a good night. They've got good pitching and we hit their good pitching. Hopefully, we can keep it going this weekend."


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If 76 million boomers are retiring over the coming two decades — one every six seconds — then surely Merrill Lynch, because of its size, will be helping more of them than other firms.
Is there a uniquely Merrill approach to this demographic challenge?
Indeed, there is and David Laster, the firm's director of investment analytics, laid out that case Tuesday in a presentation at the Retirement Income Industry Association (RIIA) spring conference in Chicago.
Known for, among other things, a seminal paper published in the late '90s highlighting the value of global diversification, at a time when foreign investing was still too exotic for most U.S. stock portfolios, Laster is Merrill's thought leader on the how-to of investing.
And the how-to as regards retirement success is a unique challenge because of the profound differences between accumulation and decumulation.
The former involves the largely straightforward tasks of saving and investing, whereas the latter involves living off of that savings, a tricky balancing act given profound unknowables such as one's date of death.
The odd decumulation universe is akin to "non-Euclidean geometry," Laster says, where bedrock "Euclidean" investing principles no longer apply.
Indeed, the PhD and CFA parenthetically appealed for the development of a new field of study, noting limited work on the problems of retirement economics in academic isolation. In contrast, Laster called agricultural economics — disseminating knowledge about a field representing just 5% of the economy— an established discipline. RIIA's leadership, in later comments, was eager to take up that challenge.
Four key risks inhabit the Bizarro World of retirement: longevity and health care, which are personal risks, and the market risks of sequence of returns and inflation.
Retirees will differ one from another as to how long they live and their health spending needs, including whether costly long-term care will be needed.
Sequence of returns refers to the critical performance of the market in the years just before and after retirement. Retiring into a 2008-style market crash may adversely alter spending plans for the rest of a client's life.
(Indeed, Laster cites a study showing a sharp recent decline in investor confidence of retirement readiness, falling from 41% of investors in 2007 to just 18% in 2013 saying they were confident they would have enough money for retirement.)
Inflation is a more perfidious threat to retirees, since their sources of income — unlike working wages — are less likely to adapt to the dollar's reduced purchasing power.
With that understanding of the retirement challenge, Merrill's retirement framework is designed to provide clients with lifetime income, deal with contingencies and address clients' legacy concerns.
A significant income source for most retirees is Social Security, and Laster notes "it's the rare person who waits past 66" to claim benefits.
Citing the behavioral economics concept of "framing," Laster notes that age 66 is known, officially, as full retirement age.
"I would argue that you frame it so that 70 is the age you get the maximum amount of income, rather than say you get a bump up as you go up from 66," suggesting clients will show greater reluctance to leave money on the table if advisors engaged in retirement planning framed matters that way early on.
Thus, a key insight for advisors is to "decouple" the question of when clients retire and when they claim Social Security, Laster says.
"One way to get around [the gap between age 66 and 70] is to provide an annuity which would provide the income over those four years, and they would get the step up at age 70," Laster says.
The Merrill expert noted that the calculus as to claiming Social Security could change dramatically in individual circumstances, for example when a client is in poor health.
Another key factor in providing adequate lifetime income involves decisions about drawing down the portfolio, and the composition of that portfolio.
While Merrill favors equity allocations of at least 30% to 40%, Laster says "spending rates are the critical success factor for a safe retirement — in other words, restraining spending matters most."
Merrill's research uses age as a key determinant of a sustainable spending rate: Obviously, an 85-year-old can spend much more than a 55-year-old because of his reduced life expectancy, and Merrill offers tables reflecting these varying rates.
Another approach to improving portfolio sustainability are investments with downside protection, Laster says:
"We recommend combinations of variable annuities with guaranteed lifetime income; immediate annuities; or deferred income annuities (longevity insurance)," in part depending on results of an investment personality assessment Merrill has developed for clients.
The Merrill retirement path also factors in contingencies, particularly the wealth-draining possibility of debilitating illness necessitating assistance in daily living.
Common misconceptions regarding the need for long-term care (LTC) are that "it won't happen to me" or that "the government will pay for my LTC," but the realties are that over 70% of those over 65 will need some LTC and that need will either burden loved ones or exhaust one's own savings, Laster says.
He enumerates five ways of addressing the problem: self-funding, an approach that clients with substantial assets could undertake if they wish; Medicaid, a governmental solution for the destitute; the highly limited support of Medicare; a traditional LTC insurance policy; or a hybrid life insurance policy including an LTC rider. For those not rich enough or poor enough to avoid LTC insurance, Laster notes that such policies are more affordable when purchased in one's healthier 50s and 60s.
As to legacy concerns — the desire to leave a bequest to loved ones and charities — Laster cautions advisors not to make any assumptions, noting that results of Merrill's investment personality assessments reveal many clients lack this desire, perhaps because of strained family relationships.
For those who do have this goal, Laster notes that life insurance may serve as an appropriate tool (and indeed notes that each investor goal is tied to a variety of products in Merrill's retirement matrix).
Not all Merrill advisors follow the firm's guidance on retirement planning. Laster told ThinkAdvisor that the firm disseminates its approach via white papers available to advisors and their clients, "which have had thousands of downloads;" breakout sessions at Merrill conferences; and other training and tools the firm provides.
"Penetration, though far from universal, is growing," Laster says.
But advisors following the approach, which he terms "holistic," have the opportunity to assist their clients with more than just investments and to broaden their discussion with clients to the deeper touch points surrounding health, family and legacy goals.
Or, as Laster bracingly puts it:
"If an advisor cannot address a client's most meaningful retirement concerns, there will be other advisors who can."
Related story on ThinkAdvisor:


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Variety is what makes things seem alive and certainly interesting. Some commenters have called this comedy acting "broad" and I have to challenge that. Yes, it's partly broad when Ralph screams and hits Norton, but even within the broad gestures there are very subtle nuances in the facial expressions and body language that make Ralph a specific character, not just a generic blusterer as you see in many cartoons.
Now these expressions are very obviously subtle to me but some would call them extreme, just because they are noticeable at all. We are so used to blandness today, especially in cartoons, that anything that makes a clear statement is considered broad or extreme. I disagree.
Subtle means nuanced to me. It means very slight twists and turns of details that add rich information to the main statement. The difference between "mad" and "sarcastically pleasant while trying to convince Norton that Ralph is not mad so he can lull Norton into blind trust and then strangle him".
That second emotion cannot be made simply. It can be done with a single expression though that you can recognize in an instant, just as fast as you can read "mad". But it's a lot funnier and interesting. Here is cartoon mad:
Gleason's mads have subtle nuances in meaning and appearance. And he has a million different ways to be mad.
And on top of that, an entertainer such as an actor or cartoonist has to do more than achieve merely a rich meaning with his skill of subtlety. He has to make it entertaining.
That's what Jackie Gleason and Art Carney do that the average person down the street can't and even 90% of professional entertainers can't. That's what makes them great and lasting. And cabable of extreme subtlety. They have a wide range of specific expressions, gestures, rhythms, vocal control and on and on. That's why they have lasted 50 years and are still laugh out loud funnier than most other sitcoms.
If you don't believe these expressions are subtle, tell you what. Try drawing them and see if you can capture the nuances in the expressions. Then post your drawings and we can all start to see why it's so hard to get specific acting in animation.
I know someone who could probably do it:
Kristen not only caricatures real people's heads, she caricatures their specific expressions. She oughta be an animator, if she isn't already.
It's admittedly very hard to animate subtle specific nuances, but I'm not sure why so few have tried. I don't expect every animator to even want to. Animation is primarily about motion. Acting is another thing to add on to all the skills it takes just to move something smoothly at all.
But I'm hoping that once animators start to see the difference between specific and generic acting, some may be interested enough to want to add specific acting to their own characters.
What makes a character a specific personality?
Specific personalities are only specific in the evidence that our senses take in.
Personality cannot be explained in words as richly as it can be shown in actions by a creative skilled performer. You can promise in your script that a character has a rich personality, but someone has to prove it with evidence that our senses agree with.
Visual evidence. Audio evidence. An actor and an animator has to tell the story with pictures and some of the time, with added sound.
Their design, their unique and varied mannerisms, but first of all their expressions are what the visual evidence is. This has to work in context and coordination with the dialogue- the sound evidence.
These artificial artistic signals have to relay a clear and entertaining message to the audience. It can be broad like most classic animation, subtle like some old animation, or a combination -like the best of Warner Bros. cartoons, or it can be extremely bland, limited and formulaic as in most of today's cartoons. (Yes, you can find exceptions but too few.)
Animation tends to re-use the same expressions over and over again, many of which are not even general human expressions. Instead we rely on "animation acting" which is very limited because we animators blindly choose it to be. Probably not even on purpose. We are just so used to it being done the same way over and over again that we don't stop to question it.
The expensive studios even spend a lot of money pretending to study from life, but then make the final decisions to just animate and design things the same way they did in the last 15 pictures.
I put this live action acting up to show how much higher we have to aim if we truly want to have our animation heralded as good acting, or "realistic" acting.
This is great acting. It reminds me of many real life incidents I have personally been part of or have witnessed-with the boring parts cut out. That's what entertainers and artists ought to aim for- relate something about their view of the world to you in their style, but cut the damn boring parts out.
Great performers are also great editors. If they were perfectly realistic, then what would be the point of them? You can sit around the house and watch realism all day.
All this applies equally to "serious" actors but I'll leave that for another day...
Ralph exposition
Uploaded by chuckchillout8
Uploaded by chuckchillout8
Look what Gleason does with exposition. Exposition is generally considered a bad writer's sin, but in some comedy it can be very funny. Moe Howard was great at reading exposition; he made it funny and obvious that he was just telling you an elaborate setup for a great payoff.
Tex Avery started almost every MGM cartoon with the boldest exposition, just to get the idea of the story over with fast so he could get to the jokes.
Clampett made many of his setups entertaining without exposition ... through character, atmosphere, music and tension.
In this great episode of the Honeymooners, Ralph just tells Norton (and the audience) the setup for a gag, and he does it with such entertainment that we aren't bored by it. At least I'm not.


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Hallo, all.
I just got my used burgundy Dvorak TouchStream in the mail last night, and I'm just getting used to it today. I'm typing on it right now, with many corrections.
So far my left hand is always spot on; 99% of my mistakes are on the right, and especially involve the 'l' key, but also occasionally every other key on the right. I already touch-type in Dvorak, so it's not the layout. Weird. Anyone else had this experience?


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Topic: Boba Fett Character Key
Another item listed in this month's Star Wars Insider is an animated Boba Fett character key, limited to one thousand pieces. They're going for $29.99, which isn't too bad at all. Looks pretty sharp. Again, here's another picture of the page (sorry again, need to get a new scanner).
However, I have found them on eBay already, so these will have some crisper images of what it's going to look like. Here's just one of the auctions with a decent picture on it.
http://cgi.ebay.com/STAR-WARS-BOBA-FETT … dZViewItem
"I'm just a simple Fan, trying to make my way in the universe."


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High Court asked to keep 'cheap DVD' VAT loophole open
Judicial review begins this week
The English High Court will tomorrow begin an investigation to determine whether online retailers should be allowed to avoid paying VAT on CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray Discs.
The judicial review, demanded by the Governments of Jersey and Guernsey, follows Chancellor George Osborne's decision to close the Low Value Consignment Relief (LVCR) loophole on 1 April 2012.
LVCR allowed online retailers shipping low-cost goods from the Channel Islands to avoid VAT. For the past decade, that has allowed the likes of Amazon, Play, Sendit and others to slash the prices of discs.
Disc buyers love it, but small retailers and, crucially, the Treasury hate it. The UK government's finance arm estimates that the loophole, a gap in the tax legislation governing the importation into the EU of goods costing less than £15, costs the Exchequer £110m a year.
Since Jersey and Guernsey aren't part of the EU, retailers have been able to ship low-cost goods there then sell them on to UK punters at VAT-free prices. The government of both territories are keen to maintain LVCR. They say closing the loophole is discriminatory and illegal.
Others argue that LVCR is an anachronism, intended to cover perishable goods sent by post. They argue that the loophole now does nothing but benefit big companies who can afford to ship goods to the Channel Islands and have them shipped out again to the UK.
That, they say, harms small, local retailers across the UK.
The judicial review takes place at the High Court of Justice Queen's Bench Division Administrative Court concludes on Thursday. It could force the government to maintain LVCR. ®
Sponsored: How to get more from MicroStrategy by optimising your data stack


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Accelerate with ATS: SAN Volume Controller Version 7.3 and 2145-DH8 Hardware
Abstract: IBM turns the crank, yet again, on SAN Volume Controller code and SVC hardware. Join us to learn about the exciting new features in SVC code level 7.3 as well as the brand new hardware for SVC nodes, the 2145-DH8. We will be covering new/enhanced code features like: Cache redesign, Easy Tier V3, and Storage Pool Rebalancing as well as new ease of use features. Plan to join us for this exciting call!
August 7, 2014 Noon New York, 5 p.m. London, 6 p.m. Paris, 17:00:00 GMT
Duration: 1.5 hours
Space is limited. Reserve your Webinar seat now at: https://www1.gotomeeting.com/register/806041193
We recommend that you pre-register at least two days in advance!
Find out about upcoming Accelerate with ATS webinars by subscribing to our blog:
Join our Accelerate mailing list to hear about upcoming webinars by sending an email to


text: I don't think it is ever going to be possible to beat this amazing, inspiring and strangely moving David Bowie cover. It featured Canadian commander Chris Hadfield covering Space Oddity, which he recorded on the International Space Station shortly before handing over command of the space station to Russia's Pavel Vinogradov. Follow him on Twitter @cmdr_Hadfield


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Scotch Photo Mailers
by 3M
Protect photos and important documents. Smaller size holds photo or documents up to 5 in. x 7 in. Larger size holds photos or documents up to 8 1/2 in. x 11 in. Each envelope is made from 100% recycled fibers and contains a minimum of 35% post-consumer waste and is self-sealing. Preprinted To and From lines make addressing convenient.
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Your favorite musicals now have brand-new iconic artwork, bringing the professional look of Broadway straight to your theater. For the first time ever, Rodgers & Hammerstein offers you show posters, print ads, Facebook graphics, and marketing materials - all available in customizable formats.
This new official artwork gives a modern look to the classic R&H shows, drawing from the notability of historic images and provides an affordable alternative to hiring your own designer.
At clear, high resolutions, these graphics give you broad flexibility for edits, and come in even larger formats by specific request.
So how can this artwork be customized to fit your production?
If your theater uses Adobe Photoshop, layered graphic files will give you full editing capability, as well as guiding notes. The graphic elements separate, letting you rearrange design components while cropping or resizing the image. Each show's iconic title treatment can be used by itself, or paired with other parts of the poster. Add the title treatment to your production photos, for an even more personalized look.
But even without Photoshop, flat images are available. We designed these flat graphics to let you customize them with even the simplest free paint or photo editing program. You can type over the graphics to add show dates, directions, and other essential information.
All artwork files come with detailed step-by-step text and video instructions.
Whether your choose our versatile layered artwork or our easy-to-edit flattened files, Rodgers & Hammerstein offers you simple execution for a look that will dazzle your fans.
If you have any questions please feel free to email us at [email protected]
Broadway quality show art in a 14" x 22" poster format.
Don't worry about optimizing your poster for printing – at 300 pixels per square inch, this poster comes at a high resolution, with CMYK colors ready for printing.
Don't worry about leaving a blank margin around your show's artwork: This poster comes with a .25" margin on all sides, letting you trim the edges of the graphic for beautiful, full-bleed, edge-to-edge color.
Don't worry about adding social media icons to your poster – Facebook and Twitter logos are included with the art.
Don't worry about needing fancy design programs – these flat .JPG and .TIFF files are ready to use with any free paint or photo editing programs. Free text and video instructions show you how to customize graphics with your theater's text.
Choose between .JPG files that give you compatibility with any program, and .TIFF files providing the highest quality graphics for premium printing, compatible with many programs.


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Municipal Light Department
When Boston Edison stopped its distribution lines at the Stoneham-Reading line, voters in Reading approved the establishment of an electric light plant on October 2, 1891. With $50,000 in bonds voted by the Town that year, the plans were laid. By 1895, under the direction of a three-member elected board, Reading Municipal Light Department (RMLD) began providing electricity to 81 customers and 123 street lamps in town.
Soon the surrounding towns of Lynnfield, Wilmington and North Reading requested power from the Town of Reading, having been without electric power because of the distance between the communities and the power sources. The Light Board was authorized to extend distribution lines to Lynnfield Center in 1909, North Reading in 1911 and Wilmington in 1912.
Today, RMLD services more than 29,000 residential and commercial customers. Today a five-member elected board and a professional staff of 70+ employees bring a broad scope of utility experience to RMLD's daily operation and an up-to-date understanding of the evolving energy market, including renewable sources. Surveys show RMLD is rated highly by its customers for reliability, responsiveness and customer service.
Staff Contacts
|Coleen O'Brien
|RMLD Director
|Tracy Schultz


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ARRI 35 mm Cameras
ARRI 35 mm cameras are renowned for their reliability and innovative features. Latest generation cameras such as the ARRICAM Studio and Lite, and the ARRIFLEX 235, are simply the most advanced in the world and offer cinematographers unprecedented creative possibilities. An ever growing range of accessories, upgrades and options keep these cameras at the head of the field, stretching the boundaries of 35 mm camera technology and its interaction with digital processes.


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INF 181 - Individual Studies - RESTRICTED
|Summer Whole 2019
Graduate standing and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.
In-depth study of a problem or topic related to information studies, usually culminating in an examination or a scholarly written report. With the consent of the graduate advisor, may be repeated for credit.
pdf | word
Individual instruction.
INF 181 is only worth 1 hour of semester credit. Students wanting 2 or 3 hours of credit should take INF 281 or INF 381 respectively.
View all classes with this course number


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Feeling stressed? Take five minutes out to listen to this fantastic new song by the Stereophonics because who doesn't love the voice of Kelly Jones? The track is taken from their new album 'Graffiti On The Train' and the video below shows footage of the recording process. The track in the video is actually a special studio version, as featured on a special Deluxe version of the album.
The producer behind the Graffiti On The Train album, Jim Lowe, gave an interview to sE Electronics, as the Gemini II dual-valve condenser microphone was used extensively on the album. You can even see it in the video below! CLICK HERE to read the full interview with Jim.
For more information on the sE Electronics Gemini II dual-valve consenser microphone, click the link below or give us a call on 01202 597180.
sE Electronics Gemini II - More Info/Buy


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HIV/AIDS News
Fauci to Present AIDS Vaccine Update at Philadelphia Meeting: Accelerated Commitment to Research Has Led to Important Advances
At the AIDS Vaccine 2001 meeting in Philadelphia Sept. 5-8, Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), will review recent research progress as well as key challenges in the search for a vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). He also will detail the robust commitment of NIH and its domestic and international research partners to HIV vaccine development.
Dr. Fauci's keynote lecture, entitled NIAID and Vaccine Research: Science and Policy, is scheduled for Wednesday, Sept. 5 at 5:00 p.m. at the Philadelphia Marriott Hotel. The slides from Dr. Fauci's lecture will be available simultaneously at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/director/director.htm. In addition, the Web site for the meeting, http://www.AIDSvaccine2001.org, will feature videocasts of his and other major lectures. Dr. Fauci also will participate in a press conference that same day at 3:30 p.m. in Room 310 of the hotel.
Despite recent progress in treatment and prevention, HIV disease and AIDS continue to exact an enormous toll throughout the world. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), more than 58 million people worldwide have been infected with HIV since the beginning of the pandemic; 22 million of these individuals have died. An estimated 5.3 million people, most of whom live in developing countries, were infected with HIV in the year 2000 alone.
"Historically, vaccines have provided safe, cost-effective and efficient means of preventing illness, disability and death from infectious diseases," says Dr. Fauci. "The development of a safe and effective vaccine for HIV infection is a central goal of AIDS research and a necessary tool to bring the HIV epidemic under control."
Dr. Fauci adds: "NIAID has played a major role in the development of vaccines for many other important diseases, such as hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type B, pertussis and pneumococcal infections. We fully expect that the experience, expertise and commitment of NIAID-funded investigators and our partners in the United States and abroad will lead to the development of a useful HIV vaccine as well."
Ramping Up Research Resources
To speed the pace of HIV vaccine discovery, NIH has increased HIV vaccine research funding more than six-fold since 1990, to an estimated $356.6 million for fiscal year (FY) 2002. NIAID is the lead NIH institute for HIV vaccine research, and accounts for more than 75 percent of NIH vaccine spending. At NIAID, an estimated $450.7 million will be devoted to all vaccine research in FY 2002, with 61 percent of that total ($276.5 million) dedicated to HIV vaccine development.
"The field of vaccine research owes great thanks to the largesse of the American people, the Administration and Congress for making these resources available," Dr. Fauci notes.
In addition to an extensive portfolio of basic research, NIAID-supported investigators are testing diverse HIV vaccine strategies in animal models and human volunteers. NIAID recently launched the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN, http://www.hvtn.org, a global research network that will conduct all phases of clinical HIV vaccine research. FY 2002 funding for the HVTN is an estimated $35.6 million. The HVTN, formerly known as the AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group, has already provided a wealth of data that contribute to many researchers' optimism that a safe and effective HIV vaccine can be developed. This network will be central to the NIAID's capabilities to perform clinical testing on a variety of candidates in the HIV vaccine "pipeline."
Another important NIAID initiative is the Comprehensive International Program of Clinical Research on AIDS (CIPRA, http://www.niaid.nih.gov/daids/cipra/). CIPRA, with estimated FY 2002 funding of $15.0 million, will provide long-term support for development of research infrastructure and fundamental laboratory and clinical studies of practical and affordable methods for prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS in international settings, especially in developing regions. These efforts will enhance the ability of host countries to conduct relevant research, to prepare for and participate in large-scale HIV therapeutic, vaccine and prevention clinical trials, and to study diagnostic and treatment interventions in local populations.
On the NIH campus, NIAID's Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center (VRC, http://www.niaid.nih.gov/vrc) conducts all stages of HIV vaccine research, from basic investigations to clinical trials. FY 2002 funding for the VRC is an estimated $40.0 million. The VRC recently began its first clinical trial of a candidate HIV vaccine: a Phase I study of a product made from the DNA of two HIV proteins called "gag" and "pol." When injected into a person, the viral DNA induces the production of small amounts of the HIV proteins but not the intact virus. This study will see if the body mounts an immune response to these proteins. This candidate HIV vaccine, like all other NIAID-sponsored candidates, cannot lead to HIV infection in people.
NIAID also supports numerous other programs in HIV vaccine development, such as a network of Simian Vaccine Evaluation Units; and HIV Vaccine and Design Development Teams, public-private partnerships of scientists from industry and/or academia, which have identified specific vaccine concepts amenable to accelerated development.
The Research Pipeline
In preclinical and clinical studies, NIAID-supported investigators are testing a wide range of vaccine strategies such as recombinant HIV proteins, synthetic peptides, recombinant viral vectors, recombinant bacterial vectors, DNA vaccines and synthetic HIV-like particles. Currently, NIAID has a diverse research "pipeline" of approximately two dozen vaccine candidates. Approximately 16 of these candidates are directed against the subtypes ("clades") of HIV found in the developing world, such as clade A (common in Africa) and clade C (common in Africa and Asia).
Among many promising studies, several groups working with vaccines against an HIV-like virus known as simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or a combination virus called SHIV (made of components of both HIV and SIV) have shown that vaccinated monkeys challenged with lethal doses of virus do not become sick, and maintain very low levels of virus in their bloodstream.
"A number of studies suggest that a vaccine that does not prevent HIV infection, but slows the course of disease may not only benefit vaccinated individuals, but could slow the dynamics of the HIV epidemic by lowering viral load in infected individuals and thereby reduce transmissibility of the virus," says Dr. Fauci.
Despite many exciting advances, a number of obstacles remain in the search for a safe and effective HIV vaccine.
"Perhaps the greatest obstacle to HIV vaccine development is an insufficient understanding of the correlates of immune protection, which are better understood for other viral diseases," says Dr. Fauci. "Among many challenges, it is essential to further illuminate the roles of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antibodies in HIV disease. Other important challenges to HIV vaccine development include the high rate of HIV mutation within populations and individuals, the limitations of all current animal models of HIV disease, and the fact that HIV integrates itself into the DNA of host cells, where it can escape immune surveillance."
AIDS Vaccine 2001 is sponsored by the Foundation for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development in Alexandria, Virginia. Co-sponsors include agencies of the NIH (NIAID, Office of AIDS Research, and the National Cancer Institute), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, UNAIDS, the World Health Organization, and the Agence Nationale Recherches sur le SIDA (France).
NIAID is a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIAID conducts and supports research to prevent, diagnose and treat illnesses such as HIV disease and other sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, malaria, asthma and allergies. NIH is an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Press releases, fact sheets and other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID Web site at http://www.niaid.nih.gov.