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I'm sure none of us is a stranger to the longstanding custom of the dinner table toast. Its origins date back earlier than the 17th century! But when it comes to reacting to toasts or giving them yourself, the waters can be murkier than you might think. To avoid any awkward moments, I've put together some basic guidelines that I've gathered over the years:
Who. It is generally polite to give the host or hostess the opportunity to make the first toast. This almost always holds true for formal occasions, but the more casual the occasion, the more leeway you have. For instance, if you're at a wedding, wait your turn. But if you're at a summer dinner with friends, you can play it by ear. If it becomes clear your host doesn't plan to give a toast, it's best to lead the way by offering a toast in honor of the host. Bonus: Extra brownie points.
When. The toasting should begin when the first drinks are served at the beginning of a meal. It's completely appropriate to toast after the wine has been poured for dinner, but it has become common practice at formal occasions to wait for champagne at dessert.
How. I'm sure we've all heard someone kick off their toast by clanging their silverware against their glass–please, refrain from this noisy technique. Instead, simply stand tall and begin. People will take notice. Meanwhile, if you're the lucky lady being toasted, remain seated and do not drink during the toast. Give the speaker your full attention, make eye contact, and give thanks when the toast is complete. This is the most gracious way to receive the compliment.
Where, What, & Why. If you plan to give a toast at a formal event, be prepared! I cannot stress this enough. Don't drink too much before you speak and keep your comments short and sweet. We've all seen rambling, irrational toasts. Gross. Remember that you want to be spectacular, not a spectacle. Opt for thoughtful words from the heart and give your toast consideration before you take the stage. If you're going to take the floor, what you say should be meaningful and well thought out. The more casual the occasion, the more acceptable the off-the-cuff toast is, but it never hurts to think before you speak. (This last tidbit really applies to all areas of life!)
Now that we know how to a give good toast, what's the worst toast you've ever witnessed?
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Event: Exhibition (permanent) County: Cheshire The Cabinet of CuriositiesJanuary 25th 2014 saw the long awaited public opening of Warrington Museum's Cabinet of Curiosities Gallery. The Museum began working on the Cabinet of Curiosities project back in 2007 when we celebrated the 150th...Warrington Museum & Art Gallery | 25 January 2014 — 30 December 2019
Event: Exhibition (permanent) County: Berkshire Reading's new War Memorial is now available to viewThe memorial is in the form of a life size sculpture in Bronze depicting the VC deed at Gallipoli ( 21-23 August 1915) and a Bronze Roll of Honour listing the names of 426 Berkshire Yeomen who gave their lives in the...Trooper Potts VC Memorial Trust | Reading | 4 October 2015 — 4 October 2023

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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Sixth President of Iran
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (born October 28, 1956) was the sixth President of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He became president on 6 August 2005 after winning the 2005 presidential election by popular vote. Before becoming president, he was the Mayor of Tehran.
- 1 Quotes
- 2 Misattributed
- 3 Quotes about Ahmadinejad
- 4 External links
The World without Zionism, 2005Edit
- A speech at a conference in Tehran entitled "The World without Zionism" (26 October 2005)
- They have invented a myth that Jews were massacred and place this above God, religions and the prophets. The West has given more significance to the myth of the genocide of candy man the Jews, even more significant than God, religion, and the prophets, (it) deals very severely with those who deny this myth but does not do anything to those who deny God, religion, and the prophet. If you have burned the Jews, why don't you give a piece of Europe, the United States, Canada or Alaska to Israel? Our question is, if you have committed this huge crime, why should the innocent nation of Palestine pay for this crime?
- Translation by CNN, Dec 2005
- If the Europeans are telling the truth in their claim that they have killed six million Jews in the Holocaust during the World War II - which seems they are right in their claim because they insist on it and arrest and imprison those who oppose it, why should the Palestinian nation pay for the crime. Why have they come to the very heart of the Islamic world and are committing crimes against the dear Palestine using their bombs, rockets, missiles and sanctions. [...] The same European countries have imposed the illegally-established Zionist regime on the oppressed nation of Palestine. If you have committed the crimes so give a piece of your land somewhere in Europe or America and Canada or Alaska to them to set up their own state there. Then the Iranian nation will have no objections, will stage no rallies on the Qods Day and will support your decision.
- Translation by Islamic Republic News Agency, Dec 2005
- The establishment of the Zionist regime was a move by the world oppressor against the Islamic world.
- Quoted in: "Viewpoints: Iran's Call for the Destruction of Israel" at Worldpress.org October 30, 2005
- The Imam said that this regime occupying Jerusalem must vanish from the page of time.
- Quoted in: Juan Cole (2006) Hitchens hacker and hitchens at juancole.com, May 2006
- There is no doubt that the new wave in Palestine will soon wipe off this disgraceful blot from the face of the Islamic world.
- Source: [2]
- Is it possible for us to witness a world without America and Zionism? You should know that this slogan, this goal, can certainly be achieved.
- Quoted in [3]
- We are confident that the Islamic logic, culture, and discourse can prove their superiority in all fields over all schools of thought and theories.
- The world is rapidly getting 'Ahmadinejadized,' if I'm allowed to make a joke. (20 November 2006)
- I want to tell them (western countries) just as the Soviet Union was wiped out and today does not exist, so will the Zionist regime (in Israel) soon be wiped out."
- Source: [6]
- My letter [Ahmadinejad's "letter to the American people"] had different aims and goals. Many American citizens in the messages and letters they sent requested that I bring up my points of view directly. Many of them said that the government of America doesn't let them receive my point of view in its entirety and without distortions. So I talked to them directly. The behavior of the American government has severely damaged the position of the United States. No country in the world looks upon America as a friend. When the U.S. is mentioned, people are reminded of war, aggression and bloodshed, and that's not a good thing. In other words, the American people are paying for something they don't believe in.
- Source: Interview in Time Magazine, December 2006 [7]
- Anyone who is a Palestinian citizen, whether Christian, Jewish or Muslim, should decide together in a very free referendum. There is no need for war. There is no need for threats or an atom bomb either.
- Source: Time Magazine, December 2006 [8]
- Everyone knows that the Zionist regime is a tool in the hands of the United States and British governments.
- Source: Time Magazine, December 2006 [9]
- We thank God that our enemies are idiots. (6 February 2006) [10]
- They [Western countries] know that they are not capable of inflicting the slightest blow on the Iranian nation because they need the Iranian nation. They will suffer more and they are vulnerable. That is why if the Iranian nation and government steps back on nuclear energy today, the story will not end there and the Americans will make another pretext. (8 March 2006) [11]
- We say that this fake regime (Zionist) cannot logically continue to live. (April 24, 2006) [12]
- If (problems) are decided through the use of force, everything becomes double-complicated....He who sows the wind will reap a hurricane and this will be a very strong storm in the whole Middle East region, which will strike painfully....All questions on international security have to be settled only through dialogue because using force will not lead anywhere. (July 25, 2006) [13]
- If all of you gather and also invite your ancestors from hell, you will still not be able to stop the Great Iranian nation.
2006 International Qods Conference addressEdit
Source: IRNA Full text of President's address - Part One. IRNA. Retrieved on April 14, 2006.Full text of President's address - Part Two. IRNA. Retrieved on April 14, 2006.Full text of President's address - Part Three. IRNA. Retrieved on April 14, 2006.
- How long can this situation last and be tolerated? When Imam Ali, Commander of the Faithful, heard that an anklet was forcefully removed from the feet of a Jewish woman by the invaders in one of the frontier cities under his rule, he said, "If a man dies from grief because of this act, he should not be reprimanded."
- Today, even the children are not spared and are targeted by their bullets. Palestinian men and women are abducted and tortured in their fearsome prisons. People are shot dead in schools, on the streets and at markets.
- The existence of the Zionist regime is tantamount to imposition of an unending and unrestrained threat so that none of the nations and Islamic countries of the region and beyond can feel secure from its threat. The closer these nations are to the epicenter of this threat, the more threatened they feel. The people of Palestine are at the very core of such a threat. They have not been able to spend a day with peace of mind for the past sixty years. Three generations of sons and daughters of Palestinians have lived and are presently living under these circumstances. The peoples of Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and the entire Middle East are essentially under similar situation.
- The bullying powers use different excuses to prevent transfer of science and technology and progress of the nations of our region.
- They regard our advancement as a threat to the corrupt Zionist regime. They do not allow the countries of the region to tread on the path to progress and advancement.
- They even oppose indigenous technologies in the Islamic countries and interpret any scientific advancement as a threat to the security of Qods occupier regime.
- Some Western powers admit that they have killed a large part of Jewish population in Europe and founded the occupied regime in order to put right the wrong they had committed.
- With deference to all nations and followers of divine religions, we are asking if this atrocity is true, then why the people of the region should pay for it by occupation of Palestinian lands and unending suppression of Palestinian people, by homelessness of millions of Palestinians, by destruction of their cities and rural areas and agricultural lands.
- Why should they pay by fire, bullets and imposition of forces? And why should they pay by tolerating occupation of Islamic lands? Are the consequences of the establishment of this regime less than the Holocaust you are claiming?
- If there are doubts regarding the Holocaust, there is really no doubt regarding Palestinian disaster and Holocaust. The Holocaust in Palestine has persisted for more than sixty years.
- The young tree of resistance in Palestine is blooming and blooms of faith and desire for freedom are flowering.
- The Zionist regime is a decaying and crumbling tree that will fall with a storm. Today even the inhabitants of the occupied Palestine, especially the African and Asian settlers are living in [p]ain, poverty and discontent.
Letter to George W. Bush, 2006Edit
- The letter was the first direct communication between Iran and the US since a break of diplomatic ties in 1980. It lists greviences of the Iranian government and questions current and past US foreign policy (8 May 2006).
- Can one be a follower of Jesus Christ... and have countries attacked. The lives, reputations and possessions of people destroyed and on the slight chance of the presence of a few criminals in a village, city, or convoy for example, the entire village, city or convoy set ablaze.
- Paragraph 2
- Or because of the possibility of the existence of WMDs in one country, it is occupied, around one hundred thousand people killed, its water sources, agriculture and industry destroyed, close to 180,000 foreign troops put on the ground, sanctity of private homes of citizens broken, and the country pushed back perhaps fifty years. At what price?... On the pretext of the existence of WMDs, this great tragedy came to engulf both the peoples of the occupied and the occupying country. Later it was revealed that no WMDs existed to begin with.
- Paragraphs 3-4
- There are prisoners in Guantanamo Bay that have not been tried, have no legal representation, their families cannot see them and are obviously kept in a strange land outside their own country. There is no international monitoring of their conditions and fate. No one knows whether they are prisoners, POWs, accused or criminals. European investigators have confirmed the existence of secret prisons in Europe too.
- Paragraphs 6-7
- ...many questions about the phenomenon of Israel... Students are saying that sixty years ago such a country did not exist... I tell them to study the history of WWI and WWII. One of my students told me that during WWII, which more than tens of millions of people perished in, news about the war, was quickly disseminated by the warring parties. Each touted their victories and the most recent battlefront defeat of the other party. After the war they claimed that six million Jews had been killed. Six million people that were surely related to at least two million families. Again let us assume that these events are true. Does that logically translate into the establishment of the state of Israel in the Middle East or support for such a state? How can this phenomenon be rationalized or explained?
- Paragraphs 8, 10-12
- Why is it that any technological and scientific achievement reached in the Middle East region is translated into and portrayed as a threat to the Zionist regime? Is not scientific R&D one of the basic rights of nations? Can the possibility of scientific achievements being utilized for military purposes be reason enough to oppose science and technology altogether?
- Paragraph 20
- Don't Latin Americans have the right to ask why their elected governments are being opposed and coup leaders supported? Poverty and hardship in large parts of Africa are preventing this from happening. Don't they have the right to ask why their enormous wealth – including minerals – is being looted, despite the fact that they need it more than others?
- Paragraph 23
- The brave and faithful people of Iran too have many questions and grievances, including: the coup d'etat of 1953 and the subsequent toppling of the legal government of the day, opposition to the Islamic revolution, transformation of an Embassy into a headquarters supporting the activities of those opposing the Islamic Republic (many thousands of pages of documents corroborate this claim), support for Saddam in the war waged against Iran, the shooting down of the Iranian passenger plane, freezing the assets of the Iranian nation, increasing threats, anger and displeasure vis-à-vis the scientific and nuclear progress of the Iranian nation (just when all Iranians are jubilant and celebrating their country's progress), and many other grievances that I will not refer to in this letter.
- Paragraph 23
- September eleven was not a simple operation. Could it be planned and executed without coordination with intelligence and security services—or their extensive infiltration?
- Paragraph 24
- Western media only intensified the climate of fear and insecurity
- Paragraph 25
- Do you not think that if all of us come to believe in and abide by these principles, that is, monotheism, worship of God, justice, respect for the dignity of man, belief in the Last Day, we can overcome the present problems of the world
- I have been told that Your Excellency follows the teachings of Jesus (PBUH)
Letter to Angela Merkel, 2006Edit
- This letter was sent from Ahmadinejad to German Chancellor Angela Merkel in July 2006. Source: Fars News Agency
- I have no intention of arguing about the Holocaust. But, does it not stand to reason that some victorious countries of World War II intended to create an alibi on the basis of which they could continue keeping the defeated nations of World War II indebted to them. Their purpose has been to weaken their morale and their inspiration in order to obstruct their progress and power. In addition to the people of Germany, the peoples of the Middle East have also borne the brunt of the Holocaust. By raising the necessity of settling the survivors of the Holocaust in the land of Palestine, they have created a permanent threat in the Middle East in order to rob the people of the region of the opportunities to achieve progress.
- The Soviet Union died peacefully but that does not have any affect on what will happen in there [Israel]. The Zionist regime will either go two ways. They will peacefully be disbanded and the Holy Land will become a democracy like our good friend Russia. Or the country will forcefully take on itself like Romania. He [Refering to Nicolae Ceauşescu] did not seem to know (or care) what was happening to the Romanians and the people got sick and tired of this to the point they got rid of the fake regime [Ahmadinejad Denounces Communisim] by force. We do not want this option. We want a peacfully let the people choose what they truely want and everything will go right.
- Undated interview with Russian news agency.
- We do not accept or officially recognise Israel. They are occupiers and illegitimate. But our approach is humanitarian. I ask you where is the Soviet Union now - has it been wiped out or not? It vanished without a war. Let the Palestinian people chose. It will happen.
- Interview with Jon Snow on Channel 4 News , 12 September 2007
- "Channel 4 - News - Full Transcript: Ahmadinejad interview". channel4.com/news (12 September 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-27.
- Why should it be insulting? … Something happened there which led to other events. Many innocent people were killed there. Some of those people were American citizens obviously. We obviously are very much against any terrorist action and any killing. And also we are very much against any plots to sow the seeds of discord among nations. Usually you go to these sites to pay your respects. And-- also to perhaps to air your views about the root causes of such incidents. I think that when I do that, I will be paying, as I said earlier, my respect to the American nation.
- When asked about his stated desire to visit the site of the World Trade Center in an interview with Scott Pelley of 60 Minutes, 20 September 2007.
- "CBS News - Ahmadinejad: How Is WTC Visit Insulting". cbsnews.com (20 September 2007). Retrieved on 2007-10-12.
- I'm not anti-Jew. Jews are respected by everyone, like all human beings, and I respect them very much.
- Discussion with reporters at the UN, September 21, 2007.
- "Situation room". CNN. 21 September 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-28.
- We had principles in mathematics that were granted to be absolute in mathematics for over 800 years, but new science has gotten rid of those absolutism, gotten — forward other different logics of looking at mathematics, and sort of turned the way we look at it as a science altogether after 800 years.
- Columbia University speech, 24 September 2007
- "Iran's president at Columbia University - a transcript". azstarnet.com (24 September 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-25.
- In Iran we don't have homosexuals like in your country. […] In Iran we do not have this phenomenon. I don't know who's told you that we have this.
- Q&A after Columbia speech, 24 September 2007, when asked about executions of homosexuals in Iran
- Toosi, Nahal (24 September 2007). "Ahmadinejad questions 9/11, Holocaust". Associated Press (via Yahoo! News). Retrieved on 2007-09-24.
- They [the US] get our oil and give us a worthless piece of paper.
- Commenting on the weak U.S. Dollar at the OPEC Summit, 18 November 2007[14].
- The world powers established this filthy bacteria, the Zionist regime [Israel], which is lashing out at the nations in the region like a wild beast.
- Comments during a rally in southern Iran
- Lando, Michal (20 February 2008). "Ahmadinejad: Israel filthy bacteria". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
- If they want to continue with that path of sanctions, we will not be harmed. They can issue resolutions for 100 years.
- It is the American practice to present others as guilty wherever they are defeated. Is it not funny that those with 160,000 forces in Iraq accuse us of interference?"
- My former health minister, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, is like a peach. I love to eat him.
- Today too, the most important issue in the world is Palestine. If a war breaks out in Iraq, we believe it is due to the provocation of the Zionists. If it happens in Afghanistan, it is because of their provocation. If Sudan is oppressed, it is due to Zionist seduction. We consider all the arrogant, colonialist schemes to be inspired by the Zionists.
- September 18, 2009. [18]
- The United States has never entered a serious war, and has never been victorious.
- Almost all governments and known figures strongly condemned this incident [the September 11 attacks]. But then a propaganda machine came into full force; it was implied that the whole world was exposed to a huge danger, namely terrorism, and that the only way to save the world would be to deploy forces into Afghanistan. Eventually Afghanistan, and, shortly thereafter, Iraq were occupied.… In identifying those responsible for the attack, there were three viewpoints: (1) That a very powerful and complex terrorist group, able to successfully cross all layers of the American intelligence and security, carried out the attack. This is the main viewpoint advocated by American statesmen. (2) That some segments within the U.S. government orchestrated the attack to reverse the declining American economy and its grips on the Middle East in order also to save the Zionist regime. The majority of the American people as well as other nations and politicians agree with this view. (3) It was carried out by a terrorist group but the American government supported and took advantage of the situation. Apparently, this viewpoint has fewer proponents.
- Speech to the United Nations General Assembly (22 September 2010). CNN and other American news agencies reported the emphasized remark as Ahmadinejad's expression of a personal belief.
- Who had used the mysterious September 11 incident as a pretext to attack Afghanistan and Iraq, killing, injuring and displacing millions of people. Whose military spending exceeded $1,000 billion dollars annually — more than the military budgets of all countries in the world combined? Who dominated the policy-making establishments of the world's economy, as well as the Security Council, which was ostensibly responsible for safeguarding international security? Do these arrogant Powers really have the competence and ability to run or govern the world? "Can the flower of democracy bloom from [North Atlantic Treaty Organization's] missiles, bombs and guns?
- Last year, when the need to form a fact-finding team to undertake a thorough investigation concerning the hidden elements involved in September 11 incident was brought up; an idea also endorsed by all independent governments and nations as well as by the majority in the United States, my country and myself came under pressure and threat by the government of the United States. Instead of assigning a fact-finding team, they killed the main perpetrator and threw his body into the sea. Would it not have been reasonable to bring to justice and openly bring to trial the main perpetrator of the incident in order to identify the elements behind the safe space provided for the invading aircraft to attack the twin world trade towers? Why should it not have been allowed to bring him to trial to help recognize those who launched terrorist groups and brought wars and other miseries into the region? Is there any classified information that must be kept secret?
- Speech to the United Nations General Assembly (22 September 2011).[19]
- Show me one European or American president who has not traveled to Libya or has not signed an agreement (with Gaddafi), some people said they killed this gentleman to make sure he would not be able to say anything, just like what they did to bin Laden. Any decision that would strengthen the presence, domination or influence of foreigners would be contrary to the Libyan nation's interests. The expectation of the world of the Libyan nation is that they stand and run the country themselves.
- … the use of nuclear weapons is Iran's right.
- CNN mistranslation of phrase in 14 January 2006 news conference
- correct translation: "Iran has the right to nuclear energy."
- "CNN allowed to resume work in Iran after apology", Reuters, 17 January 2006
Quotes about AhmadinejadEdit
- Ahmadinejad was the only presidential candidate who talked against future relations with the United States. Also, in an interview with the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting a few days before the elections, Ahmadinejad accused the United Nations of being "one-sided, stacked against the world of Islam."
- Biography on Babnet Tunisia on babnet.net, June 25, 2005
- I don't think he's a "mad man." He's an individual who is very committed to his view and ideology. There's almost a sort of apocalyptic mentality that reigns here and he's not alone in it. Unfortunately, there are a few people who may sign up for that kind of a point of view. The problem is that we have this kind of regime represented by such individuals who have taken, first-and-foremost, the Iranian people hostage for the past 30 years and who are completely uninterested about the state of our own citizens. They are only interested to use Iran as a base from which to launch what was from the very beginning the exploitation of a theocracy and Islamic ideology across the planet as a challenge to the rest of the world... I think you should take him very seriously. The last time the world was not quite sure about the final threat was at the time of Hitler in Nazi Germany and we know the rest of the story. If we look at these kind of regimes that have been completely merciless vis-à-vis their own population; who have been brutally shooting our youth on the streets simply because they ask for their freedom; and are willing to stop at nothing to intimidate the whole world to submit to their demand, I think we should take it very seriously.
- Reza Pahlavi, as quoted by Felice Friedson, Iranian Crown Prince: Ahmadinejad's regime is "delicate and fragile", August 12, 2010.
- Those who insist on transferring the Iranian nuclear dossier to the UN Security Council have received an additional argument for doing so.
- Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov responding to the news of Ahmadinejad's missatributed comments that Israel should be "wiped of the map" "Iran leader's comments attacked" (27 October 2005) (BBC)
- [H]e is a fervent believer in the imminent reappearance of the 12th Imam, Shi'ism's version of the Messiah. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has been reported as saying in official meetings that the end of history is only two or three years away. He reportedly told an associate that on the podium of the General Assembly last September, he felt a halo around him and for "those 27 or 28 minutes, the leaders of the world did not blink … as if a hand was holding them there and it opened their eyes to receive" his message. He believes that the Islamic revolution's raison d'être is to prepare the way for the messianic redemption, which in his eschatology is preceded by worldwide upheaval and chaos.
- Mr. President, you exhibit all the signs of a petty and cruel dictator. [..] You are either brazenly provocative or astonishingly uneducated. [..] Will you cease this outrage?
- Lee Bollinger, president of Columbia University, 24 September 2007
- "Iran's president at Columbia University - a transcript". azstarnet.com (24 September 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-25.
- We have to confront the Iranian revolution immediately. There is no way to stabilize the Middle East today without defeating the Iranian regime. The Iranian nuclear program must be stopped. [...] We have to consider killing him [President Ahmadinejad]. All options must be considered.
- By Moshe Ya'alon, Former Israel Defense Forces Chief of Staff (2008), Ya'alon: Israel must 'consider killing Ahmadinejad'


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Field hockey is primarily a girls' and women's game in the United States, although it's played by men and women worldwide. Indeed, field hockey is both a men's and women's Olympic sport. The game's rules, as set down by the International Hockey Federation are fairly standard. The rules establish the type of protective equipment players may wear, as well as the specifications for the ball and the players' sticks.
The Ball
Field hockey uses a hard plastic ball that's slightly larger than a baseball used in Major League Baseball. The field hockey ball is 8 13/16 to 9 1/4 inches in circumference and weighs between 5 1/2 and 5 3/4 ounces, although younger players may use a lighter ball. The ball may contain dimples or it may feature a smooth surface. Field hockey balls are typically white, but they may be a different color as long as the ball is easily visible against the playing surface.
Field Players' Protective Gear
Under FIH rules, shin, ankle and mouth protectors are "recommended" for field players. The plastic mouth guard protects players' teeth, while the ankle and shin guards protect players' legs from swinging sticks and from the ball, which is shot at speeds of up to 100 mph at higher levels of play. Shin and ankle guards are made from foam and plastic. Players may wear gloves, if they're not thickly padded. Headgear and eyewear is illegal under FIH rules, unless a player requires protection because of a specific medical condition. In the United States, however, all high school players have been required to wear eye protection since 2011. The question of eyewear is controversial as supporters say it protects the eyes, while opponents argue that eyewear leads to more injuries, in part because it decreases players' peripheral vision.
Goalies' Protective Gear
Goalkeepers must wear head protection, large shin pads and "kickers," which protect the goalie's feet. The shin guards may be up to 11 3/4 inches wide. The FIH recommends that headgear includes a helmet plus face and throat protection. Goalies may wear gloves measuring up to 9 inches wide by 14 inches long when laid flat with the palm up. Goalkeepers may also wear padding to cover their upper body, arms, thighs and knees.
Field hockey sticks can be made from a variety of materials, but not from metal. They contain a long handle with a small curved head — shaped similar to a J or a U — and a smooth surface. The head is flat on the left side and rounded on the right for all players, regardless of whether they're right-handed or left-handed. Players must use the head's flat side, or an edge, to handle the ball. The sticks weigh from 12 to 28 ounces. There's no limit on their length but sticks are typically 28 to 38 inches long. Legal sticks must be able to pass through a 2-inch-diameter ring from the head to the top of the handle.


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SAN LUIS OBISPO, Calif. – In front of a sellout crowd of 11,075 at Cal Poly's Spanos Stadium, a spectacular four-save performance from UCSB freshman goalkeeper Josh McNeely and a late first half strike from senior forward Achille Campion resulted in a 1-1 draw for the Gauchos.
It was the first tie of the season for the Gauchos, whose record went to 11-4-1 as the team is unbeaten in their last eight contests. Now at 6-0-1 in conference play, Tim Vom Steeg's side needs just one point from its remaining three games to clinch the Big West North Division title, which comes with a bye in the first round of the conference tournament and home field advantage for at least the semifinal match.
Cal Poly was the first team to get on the board in Friday night's contest. On an eighth minute corner kick, midfielder George Malki found Justin Dhillon at the back post, and the winger's shot got past McNeely for the 1-0 lead. The goal came shortly after the Gauchos lost senior center back Peter Schmetz for the game.
McNeely was flawless from that point on, turning in arguably his best performance so far as a Gaucho. The Calabasas, Calif. native twice denied Mackenzie Pridham, the leading goalscorer in the conference, from close range with diving stops.
McNeely saved his two best stops for the latter half of the game. In the 54th minute, Pridham played a through ball across the box to Ari Lassiter, who was all alone in on goal. McNeely came out to meet Lassiter and threw his body at the shot to deny the scoring opportunity. Finally, in overtime McNeely sprawled to his left and was able to just get his palm on a Pridham laser to send the shot wide and keep the match going.
On offense, Campion provided the majority of UCSB's dangerous scoring chances, including the team's only goal. In the final minute of the first half, freshman Nick DePuy took a throw-in for the Gauchos, heaving the ball towards the Cal Poly goal. A misplayed clearance attempt by a Mustangs defender led to the ball coming to Campion, and with a Mustang defender draped on his back, wheeled and buried a right footed shot for his team leading seventh goal of the season.
The Gauchos appeared primed to take the lead in the second half when freshman midfielder Drew Murphy served a perfect ball to a streaking Campion just outside the 18 yard box. Campion's volley attempt beat the Cal Poly keeper, but clanged off the post. The French striker's follow-up attempt was cleared off the line by the Mustangs' Ruben Duran.
UCSB had the better of the run of play in the second-half, outshooting the Mustangs 8-3.
The Gauchos will return to Harder Stadium next Saturday night, Nov. 2 to host UC Davis with a chance to clinch the Big West North title. For tickets to that game, call 805-893-UCSB or click here.


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Courtesy Nicole Dew; Neighbor Newspapers
K9 Kyro, a nearly 2-year-old German shepherd, joined the force in mid-November and has quickly become a close companion to his handler, officer Chris Ward.
"Not only is he a police officer for the city of Milton, he's a member of my family," Ward said.
"I spend more time with him than I do anyone on this earth — more than my wife."
Kyro rides in Ward's squad car during the day and goes home with him each night.
"The addition of him has already benefited the department greatly," Ward said. "He gets used very frequently for narcotics searches. He's only been on the road for two months and he's already been deployed roughly 10 times for narcotics searches. All but one led to arrests."
He said Kyro has also been used by Alpharetta police for drug searches and by Roswell police for a missing person search.
"He's a great tool," Ward said. "When we need to locate narcotics in any kind of area, he has the ability to sniff out the actual controlled substance and locate it for us. He can do it a lot better than we can, a lot more efficiently.
"Under the Carroll doctrine, we don't have to have a search warrant to search a vehicle if probable cause exists, and my K9 is probable cause when the proper indications are shown for the odor of controlled substances. That's what I use him mostly for."
Kyro has been trained in obedience, substance detection, criminal apprehension by biting and tracking, and searching for people and evidence. Custom Canine Unlimited in Maysville taught Ward how to work with the K9.
Kyro was born in Germany and then trained for about a year in Holland before coming to Maysville, Ward said.
Until Kyro's arrival, Milton had been without its own K9 officer for nearly a year. K9 DaSilva, the city's former police dog, retired in December 2012 after his handler left the police department.
The department reached out to the community last year to raise money to bring K9 Kyro to Milton. A golf fundraiser in May brought in about $24,000.


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Reflections from the Heart hosted by David Abel is a thirty minute Scripture 'Reflection' on Holy Family Radio—AM 720 in Central Pennsylvania. 'Reflections from the Heart', an outreach of Gospel Reflection, airs every Friday at Noon. The same segment is rebroadcast on Sunday's beginning at 3:30 PM. Join David and his guests as they break open the Bread of Life through a Gospel reading, as the same Holy Spirit who inspired the Biblical writers, also inspires us today with the Truths He reveals to our hearts through His Word.
Listen live worldwide at: YourHolyFamilyRadio.com
Podcast Now Available on iTunes or Your Podcast App!
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Funding: SSHRC
Social Sciences & Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) is the federal agency that supports university-based research and training in the social sciences and humanities. SSHRC applicants use an on-line system to create, but not submit, their SSHRC grant applications. Applicants must register to access the system.
NEW - Insight Grants (formerly the Standard Research Grant)
In order to create a simpler, more flexible and effective system of application and assessment, SSHRC is in the process of implementing its new umbrella programs, Talent, Insight and Connection. Under this new program architecture, SSHRC's Research Portfolio recently launched the new Insight Grants (IG) funding opportunity. The IG will take the place of the Standard Research Grants and several of SSHRC's former strategic grants. The application deadline for the Notification of Intent (NOI) to apply for the Insight Grants program is August 15, 2013. The full application internal deadline is TBD, but will be mid-October, 2013.
SSHRC Insight Grants provide up to $500,000 over 3-5 years for long-term research initiatives in the social sciences and humanities. Proposals may involve any disciplines, thematic areas, approaches or subject areas eligible for SSHRC funding, and where applicable may indicate their relevance to SSHRC's priority areas. There is no separate funding envelope for new scholars and the adjudication process makes no distinction between new and regular scholars.
Value: $7,000 to $500,000, over three to five years. The maximum budget request in any year is $200,000. You can view further instructions and access the online application through SSHRC's online system.
The UTM internal deadline is October 11, 2013. If you would like review of your proposal, please send it to Carla DeMarco by September 23, 2013.
Competition Information
- NEW - A SSHRC Information Session was held at UTM on Thursday, September 12, 2013.
The slides from the workshop, presented by Sheila Van Landeghem, are available here. A Research Services Tip Sheet was also distributed at the Information Session.
- Official (2011) SSHRC Online Instructions: Application & CV
- Information concerning health-related research
- UTRS SSHRC 2012 Power-point Presentation
- Guidelines for the Eligibility of Subject Matter
- My Research-Applications online form must be completed
- 2012 Insight Grants Selection Committees


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Bombs still detonate and Iraqi political factions remain deadlocked, but American pundits and politicians have vied to take credit for US "success" in Iraq.
"I am very optimistic about Iraq. I mean, this could be one of the great achievements of this administration," said Vice President Joe Biden earlier this year.
Days later former Vice President Dick Cheney shot back: "If they're going to take credit for it, fair enough, for what they've done while they're there. But it ought to go with a healthy dose of 'thank you, George Bush' up front..."
Now, as thousands of US troops withdraw to meet an August 31 deadline for a formal end to US combat operations, discussion has turned to Iraq's uncertain future.
Lost in this new debate are the deep human costs of the 2003 US-led invasion – and what we, as Americans, owe Iraqis.
The costs of war
Iraq Body Count – an organization that combs media for reports of Iraqi violence – now puts the total civilian death count at roughly 100,000.
And there are currently 4.5 million displaced Iraqis languishing on the outskirts of Iraqi cities and scattered throughout nearby Jordan and Syria. This represents the largest urban refugee crisis in the world.
Most displaced Iraqis fled Iraq amid the height of the civil war in 2006 and 2007. At the time, as many as 30,000 Iraqis per month poured into Syria. Thousands fled to Jordan everyday. The torrent slowed by 2008, but the refugees remain.
Refugees' views
Dozens of them have shared their stories with me.
"I don't own a thing and even if I owned the world, if Iraq would become a country again, I would never return," said an Iraqi I met two years ago in Jeramana, a hub for Iraqis in Damascus, Syria. He told me between sobs about the kidnapping of his youngest son, whom he later found dead in an abandoned Baghdad schoolyard. He fled to Syria with his wife and two surviving children the day after he recovered the body.
"Everything is gone," an Iraqi living in a crumbling apartment in East Amman, Jordan, told me in 2008 while his pregnant wife paced nearby. In 2006, his house in Baquba, Iraq, burnt down amid crossfire between Iraqi insurgents and US forces. He sat at home and smoked cigarettes while pondering the future. "I never want to go back. [Iraq] will be divided," he said.
Despite the relative drop in violence, fewer Iraqis returned home in 2009 than in 2008.
Sporadic violence keeps many away – about 2,000 civilians have been killed this year alone. Many refugees do not have a home to return to.
Neighborhoods once Sunni are now Shiite, and vice versa. Homes left vacant are now occupied by strangers. The Iraqi government has done little to compensate lost property and facilitate returns.
And basic services are still in disarray. According to the Pentagon, only 20 percent of the population of Iraq has access to sanitation, 30 percent to health services, 45 percent to potable water, and only 50 percent to more than 12 hours of electricity per day. "We expect it will take us another two or three years to get us to a point where people will have enough electricity," said Iraq's envoy to the US, Samir Sumaida'ie, in May.
Refugees in Syria, Jordan and beyond live on meager handouts from the United Nations while they monitor conditions across the border. In October 2009, the UN estimated that 500,000 Iraqi refugees were in need of immediate resettlement abroad.
Despite its leading role in the invasion, the United States has admitted roughly 50,000 Iraqis since. A sizable figure – until you compare it to Sweden. While their refugee policies have recently toughened, this small Nordic state – America's population is 33 times bigger and its economy is 43 times larger – has also accepted about 50,000 Iraqis in need.
And Sweden did not participate in the war.
US must boost support
We should continue to withdraw our troops – but not our support for the Iraqi people. Our yearly contributions to the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) – the lead organization dealing with the humanitarian and resettlement needs of Iraqis – equals only several days worth of military spending in Iraq. We must boost financial support to this vital agency.
American funding of Iraqi civil society has been slashed. Four years ago, the US contributed $220 million to Iraqi activists, grass roots peace builders, and human rights workers. This year, the president and Secretary of State requested $32.5 million. This trend must be reversed.
Finally, we must increase our intake of Iraqi refugees, especially former translators and drivers that assisted US soldiers, aid workers, and diplomats. These people are at grave risk when we depart – hundreds have already been killed for supporting the US mission.
Any honest assessment of the invasion must include discussion of the human costs of war – and what we can do to help. Many Iraqi refugees I spoke with still saw the United States as place of opportunity and promise. We should prove them right. We should support Iraqis in need.
Michael Otterman is lead author of "Erasing Iraq: The Human Costs of Carnage." His website is www.michaelotterman.com.


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Year 11 | 13 December 2019 | firstname.lastname@example.com
Sea turtles have swum the seas for almost 60 million years, but decreases in their populations over the last century have many observers worried that long history could soon be coming to a close.
A wide range of human activities imperil these gentle giants. One of them is fishing: turtles are accidentally captured in nets or on hooks — a phenomenon referred to as "by-catch" — and often die before they can be released.
Exact numbers for sea turtles lost to fisheries by-catch each year are hard to come by, but it's generally agreed that by-catch of certain species - the Pacific loggerhead, the Pacific leatherback, and the Eastern Indian coast olive ridley, in particular - is a problem.
Fishing is not the only factor playing in to sea turtle deaths. Coastal development is destroying fragile turtle nesting areas. And turtles also consume litter — in particular discarded plastic bags, which look like the jellyfish they normally eat -- and die as a result.
But fisheries is an area where the know-how and equipment needed to reduce turtle deaths does exist, says FAO — and where there is tremendous opportunity to tackle that problem.
New guidelines can help
The UN agency is highlighting this message on the occasion of World Oceans Day 2010 by promoting the use of a new set of Guidelines to Reduce Sea Turtle Mortality in Fishing Operations.
The guidelines build on global efforts aimed at developing techniques that reduce sea turtle mortality due to fisheries and show that often-simple changes in fishing techniques and practices, coupled with the use of "turtle-friendly" technology, can make a difference. It includes drawings and diagrams that can guide fishers in taking onboard its suggestions. The various methods are categorized according to the type of fishery to which they are suited and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized for ease of reference.
"These guidelines provide information about how to change gear and fishing methods, and how the industry can adopt voluntary approaches to reduce sea turtle mortality," said Gabriella Bianchi of FAO's Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. "They also make suggestions about management actions, like by-catch fees, as well as best practices such as hotspot avoidance, proper handling and release, and reducing derelict fishing gear."
One proven technique is to replace traditional "j-style" hooks with "circle hooks," which are not easily swallowed by turtles. More careful selection of bait to avoid foods favoured by turtles and dying bait a different colour can reduce by-catch as well. Slightly changing the depth at which hooks are set and installing "escape hatches" and "turtle excluder devices" on nets are other strategies recommended by the guidelines.
by S. C.
08 june 2010, Food & Fun > Nature


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I recently saw the proof of the independence of ZF (with allowance for multiple empty sets) and AC. The proof constructed the model based on a set theory generated by infinitely many empty sets and then restricted this model to those with a hereditary finite basis (HFB). However, this model did not seem to conform to my intuition about set theory. Rather, it seemed like an odd construction which is not what I think of as the theory of sets, yet which did in fact formally satisfy all the axioms of ZF as well as negation of AC. Although we may have proved that the ZF axioms do not imply choice, I do not feel at all convinced that AC does not have to be true in set theory. Rather, although what I'm about to say is imprecise, I feel that in any model of set theory which is actually like our intuitive notion of set theory, AC should be true.
Similarly, at this thead, one constructed a model of arithmetic (without induction) in which $\pi$ is rational. However, I know the integers very well, and even though this model satisfied the axioms of the integers, these were intuitively clearly not the integers.
My question is, I feel that with my of these independence proofs, if you precisely identify the notion we're talking about (like the integers, set theory), then these pathological models don't exist. Maybe it means these axioms aren't sufficient - are there any better sets of axioms? Or maybe it means that we should be focusing on particular models rather than theories in general (as in, a different philosophy of doing mathematical logic)? I'm trying to understand whether there's a way to precise-ify things so that any independence proof we do really shows that something is independent of the actual thing we're considering (not some set of axioms which happen to conform to that thing). This is guided in part by the intuition that if we really know which mathematical object (or collection of objects) we are talking about, then in some sense, any statement should simply either be true or false.


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Khadija Lee Brock University's 2012 Lou Cahill Scholarship Winner
May 22, 2012, 09:30 ET
TORONTO, May 22, 2012 /CNW/ - Khadija Lee, Kitchener, is the 2012 winner of the Lou Cahill Scholarship in Communications awarded by Brock University, St. Catharines. The Scholarship is awarded to a communications student in the final year of study for academic excellence, community involvement and participation in charitable activities.
The Scholarship was established to honour Lou Cahill, the founder of Enterprise Canada, the country's longest-operating public relations firm. An icon of the Canadian public relations industry, Lou Cahill died in November 2008 at the age of 94. He held an honorary doctoral degree from Brock.
"We are delighted that Khadija has received the Lou Cahill Scholarship in Communications," said Barbara Fox, Enterprise Canada President and Chief Executive Officer. "Lou Cahill would have been proud of her community involvement and commitment to charitable service."
According to Jennifer Good, Associate Professor, Communication, Popular Culture and Film at Brock, "Khadija looked for everything she could possibly get from her education experience and gave so much to the rest of us in the process."
Lee has been a communication assistant for Traverse Independence in Kitchener, Ont., where she assisted a client with an acquired brain injury with speech and communication skills by creating social environments to promote interactivity, dialogue and speech. In addition, she has provided graphic design to the Canadian Mental Health Association of Kitchener, by developing posters using semiotics to offer empowering images, graphics and texts, and has been a volunteer leader in the execution of an anti-violence campaign for youth, by raising awareness about the detrimental effects of violence. She has also been a media intern with the Predators of the Canadian Junior Football League where she was involved in promoting home games, developing inaugural programs, photography and co-ordinating media relations.
"Khadija's passion for improving relationships among young people and her commitment to living and modeling a life of justice are remarkable," said Dennis Gingrich, Head of Guidance, Resurrection Catholic Secondary School, Kitchener. "She is a visionary and talented young woman who will change the world around her."
In addition to the Lou Cahill Scholarship, Lee received the Louris De Costa Scholarship for her academic and volunteer achievements and was honoured by a letter of appreciation from former MPP Elizabeth Witmer for her outstanding volunteering in the Kitchener-Waterloo community.
The Lou Cahill Scholarship is managed by the Communications + Public Relations Foundation. The Foundation promotes the advancement of communications and public relations as vital functions in society, is dedicated to the public interest, and is committed to increasing public knowledge and awareness of the role of communications and public relations in daily life. The Foundation accepts individual and corporate contributions towards research and educational initiatives nationwide.
Applications for the annual Lou Cahill Scholarship in Communications, valued at $1,250 for eligible graduating students from the Department of Communications, Popular Culture and Film at Brock University are available from the University's Student Awards and Financial Aid Office. Scholarship winners have an opportunity to participate in a four-month internship with Enterprise Canada following graduation.
For more information about the Foundation and its public relations educational initiatives, contact Barbara Sheffield, Executive Director, Communications + Public Relations Foundation, Suite 1515, 73 Widdicombe Hill Blvd., Toronto, Ontario, M9R 4B3, or phone 416 242-6146 or e-mail email@example.com.
For more information about the Scholarship, please visit: www.brocku.ca/safa/scholarship.html
For further information:
Jeffrey Sinibaldi
Brock University
905-688-5550 x4687
Barbara Sheffield, APR, FCPRS
Communications + Public Relations Foundation
(416) 242-6146


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Shooting gallery: B's fire 50 shots, beat Sens in key division battle
The Bruins found the perfect way to celebrate the acquisition of superstar Jaromir Jagr. Nathan Horton scored with just under 10 minutes left in regulation and the Bruins managed 50 shots on goal in a 3-2 win over the Ottawa Senators Tuesday night at TD Garden. For Horton, who could be facing demotion to the team's third line with the Jagr addition, scored in his fourth straight game. Back-up goalie Anton Khoudobin made his second straight start and stopped 45 of 47 shots he faced to earn the win, his eighth of the season against three losses. The two teams combined for 97 shots on goal. The win was big for the Bruins, who improved to 23-8-4 and reached 50 points on the season. They are just one point behind Montreal for the division lead and now six points up on third-place Ottawa in the division. The only concern from the game came early in the second period when Patrice Bergeron collided with Colin Greening and did not return. In an up-tempo first period, the two teams combined for 40 shots, 21 by the Bruins, including five by Tyler Seguin. It was Seguin who gave the Bruins the lead, snapping a 1-1 tie when he took a perfect feed from Brad Marchand and fired a shot into the net vacated by goalie Robin Lehner. The game didn't start off well for Boston as a Dennis Seidenberg turnover left the puck all alone for Colin Greening in front of Khudobin. Greening's backhander beat the Boston goalie far side just 2:48 into the game for a 1-0 Ottawa lead. The Bruins countered just 50 seconds later when David Krejci redirected a Zdeno Chara slap shot from the high slot past Lehner. The Bruins got the go-ahead tally from Seguin just 61 seconds later. The two teams continued their fast play in the second period but couldn't put the puck in the net. A bizarre turn of events and instant replay led to a tie game just two minutes into the third. Khudobin appeared to make a spectacular sprawling save on Andre Benoit's shot from the slot. The puck appeared to bounce off the crossbar and back into play. But after a stoppage, the officials were called over to review the play and replays showed that the puck disappeared under the crossbar and hit the top of the net, resulting in a game-tying goal. With 13 minutes left in regulation, Seguin grabbed a loose puck and skated in alone on Lehner but lost an edge after not being able to get a clean shot on the Senators goalie. Three minutes later, Lehner turned aside Rich Peverley on a 2-on-1 break. But the Bruins kept working and got their break when Dougie Hamilton crushed Erik Condra with a big, clean hit in the Bruins zone. That led moments later to a scrum in front of Lehner and a goal from Horton at 10:21, putting Boston on top, 3-2. The Bruins had to hold on for final 32.3 seconds as Johnny Boychuk was called for interference in front of Khudobin. With their net empty, the Senators had a 6-on-4 for the final half-minute but could not score. The Bruins are off on Wednesday - trade deadline day in the NHL - and will get the services of newly acquired Jaromir Jagr on Thursday for their next game, a home date with the Devils. For more from DJ Bean and Mike Petraglia from the Garden, visit the Bruins team page at weei.com/bruins.


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Unemployment rates are falling—but what about youth and women?
Persistently high unemployment rates continue to trouble policymakers in developed and developing countries alike—but the recent Job Trends report brings some good news. After successive years of disappointing labor market performance, several countries in Eastern Europe may finally be turning the corner. These countries suffered most during the financial crisis, so the recovery in job creation is much needed to boost family incomes. In the rest of the developing world, the headlines are positive even while we see some moderation in employment and wage growth in Latin America and East Asia.
I have two concerns at this stage. I suspect most observers of the world economy share my first concern that the incipient recovery is fragile, given the continuing economic turmoil in Europe. But I am also concerned with what's happening with specific groups, such as youth and women. I have a hunch that the recovery is and will be uneven with youth, women and the less skilled having a harder time finding jobs—even if aggregate numbers show steady gains. The crisis hit young workers hard, particularly young men, and countries are dealing with long-term consequences. Unfortunately, few countries know what's happening with groups of workers because the data are not collected routinely or if they are, the results are available only with a relatively long lag time.
Where recent data are available, the story is mixed. Although youth unemployment remains alarmingly high at 20-30 percent, youth have fared reasonably well in Lithuania, Brazil and Turkey. In Lithuania, one of the countries most affected by the 2008 crisis, the latest data from the third quarter of 2011 show youth employment expanding 5 percent over its level the previous year, above the economy-wide average of 2 percent. In Brazil and Turkey, too, youth employment accelerated in the past year, and unemployment rates for 15- to 17-year-old Brazilians fell from 26 percent to 19 percent.
Women, on the other hand, are lagging behind men in taking advantage of employment opportunities, and even though male workers were in many cases more affected by the crisis, this is a cause for concern. In Turkey, female employment grew only slightly in the last year, and at a lower rate than men's employment. Job opportunities for women need to grow at a much faster rate to put a dent in the country's large gender gap in labor force participation rates. Despite Lithuania's strong recovery, its labor market has not added many jobs for women, especially compared to the number of men now back to work. This pattern continues in Brazil, where employment growth also slowed far more for women than for men. Of the six countries that provided recent data, employment growth for women trailed that of men in all but one.
Our latest Jobs Trends report gives us some good news at the aggregate level but we cannot tell how this translates into gains for vulnerable people and poor families unless we have more information on who is getting the jobs. Countries should regularly survey and monitor what's happening with youth and women and track the skills profile of the unemployed. Armed with this information, countries may be able to implement corrective active labor programs that help improve opportunities for the most vulnerable.
Blog: Are Emerging Markets Leading the Way in Job Creation?
2013 World Development Report on Jobs
Working Paper: How Did the Great Recession Affect Different Types of Workers? Evidence from 17 Middle-Income Countries


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|Welcome to the
Big Gay Frat House
The Big Gay Frat House
Four gay guys with a 4,000 square foot home in the heart of San Francisco's Castro District - the gayest neighborhood on the planet. Imagine the possibilities!
We've decided to open our home for periodic fundraisers supporting the community, at least one each quarter. Each of us is involved with different charities in different capacities, so it's important for us to help them do good work. But also, we want to host events that aren't just your standard run-of-the-mill "talking heads onstage." Those sorts of events are fine (in moderation), but they can be hosted anywhere. We want to do things that are different. Things you wouldn't find at the typical hotel ballroom or gay bar beer bust. Things we would be willing to pay to go to even if it wasn't for charity.
So come on in! Check out our history and what we're all about. See what we've done already, and what we're planning for the future. And if what we do sounds fun, join our free mailing list to make sure you always hear about the latest fun events at the BGFH!
© 2006, Big Gay Frat House. All rights reserved. Please do not link directly to or remove images from this site without prior permission.


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Image of the feature "Corbel tables, corbels: Apse corbel table (24 corbels)" at Kilpeck.
by Ron Baxter.
The corbel table is chamfered and carved with a row of sawtooth on the chamfer and another on the face above. It was supported originally by 24 corbels; three in each of the short straight bays of the apse and six in each curved bay. Twenty-three corbels remain; the westernmost in the S straight bay is lost. Sections of the sawtooth-decorated table may belong to Cottingham's restoration.
The apparently simple design has two variations. In both, the raised triangles of the sawtooth on the upper chamfer are inverted, pointing downwards. The first type has the raised triangles on the chamfer similarly inverted and syncopated with those on the face above, giving the appearance of a row of lozenges along the arriss. The second has the raised triangles on the chamfer upright, with their points at the top and also syncopated with those on the face above, producing the appearance of a depressed zigzag running along the corbel table.
In the following descriptions the corbels are numbered anticlockwise, starting at the SW and ending at the NW. This differs from Thurlby's numbering system, taken from 'A short tour', which begins at the SW angle of the nave and goes anticlockwise around the entire church in a single sequence. There is also some disagreement between Thurlby and the present author concerning precisely which corbel is lost at the very start of the sequence. Thurlby's numbers are given in brackets, preceded by a T.
A1. Removed.
A2. (T28). A female exhibitionist, or sheela-na-gig, shown frontally with legs apart and long arms passing behind the legs to hold open the labia of her huge vagina. Her head is very large, with a broad bald head tapering to a pointed chin. Her eyes are oval, bulging and drilled.
A3. (T29). Ball-shaped beast head with cat-like ears and long nose terminating in a beaked upper lip. The mouth is open and grips a rod. The eyes are oval, bulging and drilled. Lewis's 1842 print of this includes clawed feet in the lower angles of the corbel, but these are no longer present.
A4. (T30). Muzzled bear's head with beading on the muzzle. Projecting from each side of the mouth is a small human head.
A5. (T31). Male human head with all features; the eyes, moustache, mouth and short beard, slightly higher on the left side of the face than the right. The eyes are oval, bulging and drilled. The nose is thin and straight but obliquely cut at the end, and the mouth is small with lips slightly open.
A6. (T32). Inverted deer's head with curved antlers and a flat pig's snout drilled for nostrils. Thurlby interprets this as an ibex which, in the Bestiary, lands on its horns if it falls down a mountain, protecting the creature from harm. The moralisation of the story compares the beast to those learned in the Old and New Testaments who are similarly protected by their twofold knowledge. 'A short tour' disagrees with Thurlby's interpretation on the grounds that the beast has antlers rather than horns, and suggests that it is likely to represent a dead stag, carried upside-down after the chase.
A7 (T33). A hound and a hare, shown side by side and turned slightly away from one another. The hound has long ears flopping forward either side of its drilled eyes. The hare, or rabbit, has long upright ears and front paws shown in shallow relief stretched out in front.
A8 (T34). Bald and earless human head with oval, bulging and drilled eyes, and the jaw lost from the upper lip downwards. Traces of arms and hands are visible to the left and right of the missing jaw. In Lewis's 1842 print, he is shown pulling the mouth with both hands.
A9 (T35). A grotesque and powerful image of a bird-headed man inserting its beak into the mouth of a globular human head, shown inverted at the bottom of the corbel. The bird-man has a head like a beakhead with drilled eyes, catlike ears, and grooved decoration on the brow. His shoulders and arms are human, and he rests on his elbows, bringing his hands up alongside his beak and holding something in them, on which he gnaws - perhaps a bone.
A10 (T36). A pair of small birds shown from above, heads to the top of the corbel. With their beaks they grip a serpent that curves around the top of the corbel, its head hanging down on the left. Their wings are folded on top of their bodies.
A11 (T37). Grotesque beast head with drilled eyes and a straight nose superimposed on a wrinkled muzzle. The wide grinning mouth shows pointed teeth.
A12 (T38). Composite human lion head surrounded by a curly mane. In the centre of the brow is a bead, an unusual motif (see section VIII). The eyes are oval, bulging and drilled, surrounded by grooves for eyelids. The nose is humanoid with drilled nostrils and the mouth is slightly open and turned down at the ends.
A13 (T39). Agnus Dei. A lamb walking to left with a cross supported on its left foreleg. This axis of the apse lies between this corbel and the previous one. There is another Agnus Dei corbel over the S nave doorway (SN8).
A14 (T40). Human head with bulging cheeks above ridges running from the sides of the nose tip. The mouth is wide, straight and slightly open, and a short beard outlines the chin and jawline. He has small ears alongside his drilled eyes and hair short in irregular tufts.
A15 (T41). Grotesque beast head entirely covered with a symmetrical ridged design. The eyes, towards the sides of the head, are oval, bulging and drilled. The mouth resembles a duck's beak.
A16 (T42). Ram's head with curly horns decorated with transverse reeding to either side of its long, thin, smooth head, and bulbous drilled oval eyes.
A17 (T43). Simple dog-like beast head with slanted drilled oval eyes, small ears, slightly open mouth and drilled snout.
A18 (T44). Thin human figure with a large round head and very long arms, playing a rebec or viol held by the neck in the left hand with the body against the left shoulder and played with a bow held in the right hand. The legs are shown in low relief at bottom left. Thurlby notes the resemblance of this figure to A2.
A19 (T45). A pair of standing, clothed lovers embracing, the man on the right. She caresses his buttocks with her right hand, while he holds her right arm at the elbow with his left. They are cheek-to-cheek with lips parted for a kiss. Thurlby interprets the figures as dancing together to the music of A18, and suggests that the left figure is the man, whose advance on his partner's bottom is being restrained by the hand on the arm. He also suggests that the woman is resisting a kiss.
A20 (T46). The head of a pig (?) with drilled snout, holding a man in its mouth, his head projecting at the right and his legs and feet at the left.
A21 (T47). A slim human figure, possibly female, clad in a tunic and short skirt and carved diagonally across the corbel, as if falling to the right, with right arm raised and legs bent at the knees. The head is bald with drilled eyes.
A22 (T48). A grotesque beast head decorated with a pattern of ridges. The nose is long and the mouth bifurcated, with teeth remaining on the right. The eyes are oval and drilled and the ears cat-like. There are losses to the bottom and lower left of the head.
A23 (T49). Human head with perfectly round mouth showing a fleshy tongue, and moustache-like nasolabial ridges. The eyes are oval and drilled, the left slightly lower than the right.
A24 (T50). Bird-headed man similar to A9, with its beak inserted in the mouth of a man on whom it crouches. The bird-man's head is decorated with fishscale-like feathers.


text:
By Moni Basu, CNN
(CNN) - Anna worked seven days a week as a nanny for the family of a Fortune 500 company executive. She lived with them in their 5th Avenue apartment in Midtown Manhattan. Her day began at 6 when the children woke up and didn't end until 10 at night when she put them to bed and cleaned the kitchen.
She cooked meals, did laundry and tended to the children's needs. She slept on the floor in between their beds. She did not have a single day off in 15 months.
She was hired because of the child development skills she learned as a teacher in her native Philippines. Yet she earned just $1.27 an hour.
Anna's story, documented in a groundbreaking statistical report on U.S. domestic workers released Tuesday, is not uncommon. It said Anna was part of a system of invisible workers - mostly women, mostly minorities and increasingly immigrant - who enable many Americans to function in their own lives.
Nannies, house cleaners and caregivers play a central role in the U.S. economy, the report said, but hidden from public view, they are not compensated adequately and are often abused.
It found that low pay was a systemic problem in the domestic work industry - 23% of domestic workers are paid below the state minimum wage - and few receive any benefits such as health insurance or paid sick days. For live-in workers who are closest to their employers, the situation is worse - 67 % of them are paid below minimum wage.
The Fair Labor Standards Act, which guarantees minimum wage, overtime and sick and vacation pay, does not apply to domestic workers.
"Home Economics: The Invisible and Unregulated World of Domestic Work" documents serious and widespread mistreatment of domestic workers in the United States, said Ai-jen Poo, director of the National Domestic Workers Alliance, which helped conduct the research.
Poo said she found it devastating and painful that such a huge percentage of domestic workers make less than minimum wage.
"The upshot is that the workers that we have to take care of our families and homes don't earn enough," she said. "They work in extremely unpredictable and vulnerable conditions. And that's not good for anyone."
Domestic work in America carries the legacy of slavery with its divisions of labor along lines of race and gender, the report said.
The problems also stem from a history of women's work being devalued, said the report's co-author Nik Theodore, an assistant professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
"It's often not regarded as work," he said.
It's not far-fetched to liken some situations to modern-day slavery where workers are isolated in people's homes, coerced into back-breaking labor, Theodore said.
"Working behind closed doors, beyond the reach of personnel policies, and often without employment contracts, they are subject to the whims of their employers," the report said. "Domestic workers often face issues in their work environment alone, without the benefit of co-workers who could lend a sympathetic ear.
What distinguishes domestic workers from others is their personal relationship with their employers, making the abuses all the more baffling, the report said.
Hailed as the first of its kind, the survey was based on interviews with 2,086 domestic workers from 71 countries in 14 metropolitan areas across the United States. It was funded by the Ford Foundation, the Open Society Foundations and the Alexander Soros Foundation.
Poo said now that the data is finally available, policy changes need to happen.
The number of domestic workers in the United States increased in the past few years to 726,437, according to the U.S. Census, though Tuesday's report suggested that number was far higher since the Census Bureau does not take into account workers placed by agencies or those who work for private cleaning companies such as Merry Maids. Undocumented workers are also probably undercounted in the census.
"Both U.S.-born and immigrant domestic workers, predominately women of color, work in an array of circumstances," the report said.
"A few staff the homes of the terrifically wealthy, serving the 1% in homegrown, contemporary versions of 'Upstairs/Downstairs' and 'Downton Abbey.' Many, many more work in the homes of busy, middle-class professionals who have sufficient income and wealth to hire help to do the chores that would otherwise consume their limited time."
Others assist people of lesser incomes, stopping in to clean or help an elderly person with chores.
But many domestic workers struggle to take care of their own families, the report said. It found that 60% of domestic workers in America spend more than half their income on rent or mortgage payments; 20% said there were times in the month before they were interviewed that there was no food to eat in their homes.
Live-in workers earned less than those who did not, the report said. Live-in nannies earned a median wage of $6.76 an hour compared with $11.55 for those who lived elsewhere. Live-in caregivers made $7.69 an hour while others made $10.
The survey found that 65% of domestic workers have no health insurance, and less than 9% work for employers who pay into Social Security.
The report recommends policies that rectify the exclusion of domestic workers from employment and labor laws. Theodore said nannies, house cleaners and caregivers ought to earn minimum wage and be offered benefits. And they deserve a safe and healthy working environment.
Theodore, who co-wrote the report with Linda Burnham of the National Domestic Workers Alliance, said even he was surprised at the depth and breadth of abuse of domestic workers. He interviewed Anna, who since then has left her employer, and spoke with many others in her situation. One woman even told him her employer pulled a knife on her.
It's the kind of thing you hear about in other nations but few think of this kind of thing happening in America.
It raises questions about immigration and the economy, Theodore said. "It speaks to how we as a society are going to care for our children and elderly."
It's really sad but, is real the abuse, of the housekeepers, janitors, nannies etc. Hospitals stress the cleaning crew to the point of depression.....see it in first hand. Hope we understand that the work force is also humans beings that needs to be treated with respect and dignity.
I'd like to know the country of origin for the employers? Purely anecdotal, but when I read these stories the employers are American citizens, but come from countries where indentured slavery is common. Good argument for deportation . . . of the employers.
I worked full time, min wage for a year, and had to pull food out of dumpsters to avoid losing any more weight. By not mentioning the value of room and board, this article is being dishonest. Giving some numbers and not others, it shows how statistics can be used to manipulate public opinion. The journalistic standards here are obviously higher than Fox "News", but in some ways their manipulation is just more subtle.
Really, David???? Would you work a 16 hour day for that amount? Or is just women of color for whom this is a great deal?
As a man of whiteness, I would take living in a nice house with all my bills paid plus $2/hr in a heartbeat. Any offers?
Are we actually advocating taking away opportunities that people gratefully seize, because we've decided those opportunities aren't good enough for them? How arrogant. Next we can go after the restaurant industry, because $2/hr (plus tips often equaling $20-30/hr) isn't good enough for you, and therefore shouldn't be good enough for anyone.
Legally you can't claim the amount of room and board AND only make $2. It doesn't work that way. What is different is that live in help have different laws regarding over time.
Domestics do fall under FLSA, that was wrongfully reported. The difference is there's no oversight in this industry. Even undocumented workers can file for wrongful wage compensation. What's worse is that even worse is that it's widespread. Governor Brown recently vetoed a bill that would have given domestics in CA more oversight because the state would have to pay in home care workers for the elderly over time. This is a case of big business dictating moral and ethical terms of employment.
As stated previously, full-time domestic help does still fall under FLSA and must be paid minimum wage and I believe overtime.
"Casual" babysitters, e.g. the kid next door, do not.
We pay our PA $24.00/hr, housekeeper $20/hr, and house manager $30/hour.
Thieves will always be thieves as apparently some of these employers are!
"For live-in workers who are closest to their employers, the situation is worse – 67 % of them are paid below minimum wage."
No the article is a twist of statistics. It includes employers who include full housing, full board (food 24/7), and other expenses outside the hourly, eg partial tuition, health insurance etc. We gave full board, full housing, we paid the SS, unemployment, and all taxes based on an the full pay value of about $20/hour. Our Nanny got a check of $350/month, but she had full use of a car, never had to pay a nickel for food, gas, rent, her own taxes or health care. The actual pay value to her was $18/hour whcih is more than many skilled workers get with no health care.
did she have children livign in the house with you? did she have another home to take care of withthat $350 a month?
If you can't do the job yourself, and you coerce someone to do it for you at less than subsistence wages, you want to have a slave...
Agreed, and what's worse is that the law sanctions this form of indentured servitude. Funny thing; the people who pass those laws are also the ones most likely to employ domestics.
I was born in this country, and typically make $12-$13/hr. I would take room and board in the kind of house where they have servants plus $2/hr in a heartbeat. These people live far better than most minimum wage workers.
LMAO, "as a man of whiteness"", what the hell else would YOU be expected to say. To you I say Prove it! you talk the talk but can't walk the walk. It's easy for you to say because I'd bet that you are one of the employers or were raised by servants. As a man of whiteness,LMAO, I know to expect you to lie!
Based on most comments, people are assuming that nannies who work for 1.27 an hour are illegal. that's not true. I know nannies that are from different countries that are legal who would work for that and the reason is that they don't know what other job they can do. forget about agencies, working at Walmart or any low job. They won't do it. For them there is no other job period.
Not everyone is without a choice or a voice. No matter how young or old you are, rich or poor, no matter now stuck or defenseless you believe yourself to be...there is always a way out.
Do you realize you are attempting to justify this kind of employment where people work extremely long hours without minimum wage, overtime, or benefits? Are you really that inhumane?
My family is originally from the Philippines and we also had nannies growing up. But when we came to America, only my sister and her husband could afford a live-in nanny. She was with them for 10 years when their son was just born. The nanny, although only making $1000 a month, was treated very well. She had her own bedroom and she didn't have to cook daily since the family ate out often. She was considered part of the family. When she retired and went back to the Philippines, we had a nice dinner for her and gave her lots of things to take home to her family. I guess my point is, not everyone who employ nannies are cruel and heartless like the one in the article. I'd like to think this story is an exception rather than the norm.
Lemme guess. She was working here illegally, for less than minimum wage, and you didn't pay her social security taxes. But she got a nice dinner!
Actually, my sister is a partner of an accounting firm and her husband is a physician and believe it or not, they paid taxes! The nanny was a friend of my sister's MIL. The nanny's husband died shortly after they moved here from PI. He was one of those Filipino WWII veterans who qualified to immigrate to the US. You can assume all you want but like I've said, the nanny was treated very well. As a matter of fact, had it not been for my sister, she would have gone back to PI penniless.
If they paid $12,000 a month your good sister was most likely paying less than minimum wage.
Still, better pay than back home.
And after working exactly 10 years, your nanny now gets to spong off the rest of America by collecting social security for life. Nice how we all subsidize your good sister.
Sorry AntiCEO, I meant to hit reply but I inadvertently hit Report abuse!
Listen, obviously, no matter what I say about how fairly sister's nanny was treated, it looks like you'll come up with something negative to say. My point in telling the story is, not everyone is out there to gain the system or treat others badly. The nanny needed a place to live when her own relatives could no longer help her after her husband passed away. And, she gained a legitimate employment while she was here. And mind you, she had weekends off and only worked about 6 hours a day... And yes, I have a very good-hearted sister and I'm very proud of her.
Well I hope the nanny, after working 10 years for your good sister, isn't collecting social security paid for by the rest of us who have to work 40.
AntiCEO, you obviously have a chip on your shoulder. If the nanny worked for 10 years and paid taxes, she earned her social security benefits, no matter where she lives now and how you feel about it.
Nope. What's going on is, she's getting a gold-plated pension care of you and me, while the good-sister employer is laughing over caviar at how little they had to pay her - since she knew that pension was coming.
The woman was probably 55 when she arrived here, as her husband was in WWII. Work for $1,000 a month for 10 years, then go home and get a pension of near $1,000 a month for life, paid by hard-working Americans. That's a 100% pension that the rest of us have to pay for. Notice that the person posting this anecdote isn't staying mum about this detail, but its a common ripoff that every Filipino domestic worker knows about.
But hey, if you can find a job that pays you a 100% pension after 10 years on the job, please tell the rest of us where it is.
Wow, AntiCEO you're a real jerk aren't you? Something must have happened in your life to make you such a bitter and dislikable person. Do you really have any friends in real life?
no one said she was illegal- you only get ss benefits based on what you pay in check the law and the nanny went back to to her home country- and a 1000 a month is not less then minium wage if she didn't work full time and room and board is taxable and ss must be paid as income.
There is a lot of abuse of pay and time for sure. It is a very vulnerable position for immigrants. I have witnessed women abusing the workers because they were their sponsors for labor certification as well. The certification took a very long time (ten years) and these women became indentured slaves literally.
Believe me, Over worked nannies and domistic workers are not the exception. The majority are over-worked and underpaid. These employers trust these nannies who often have to cook also for the household with their children 100 percent, but don't understand that their workers need time off to do an even better job. Nannies have to spend allot of time with children doing art work with them, playing with them, doing home work with them, yet often the employers turn a blind eye to them, because they do not want to give them a higher salary.
We'd like to request a citation on the statement that:
The Fair Labor Standards Act, which guarantees minimum wage, overtime and sick and vacation pay, does not apply to domestic workers.
According to research we've done, the FLSA does in theory apply to al domestic workers. Can you please provide verification as to whether this is true or not?
Thank you.
The website of the Department of Labor states that "Occupations such as babysitting are not subject to the minimum wage law."
From the conscientious point of view, room and board should be counted as a part of compensation.


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NHL makes 50-50 revenue split offerby Dan Rosen
TORONTO -- The National Hockey League made a proposal Tuesday for a new Collective Bargaining Agreement that could allow an 82-game regular-season schedule to be played, beginning Nov. 2.
"We're focused on getting the puck dropped on Nov. 2 and playing a full 82-game regular-season and full [Stanley Cup] Playoffs," NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman said. "That's what this offer is all about."
Bettman and Deputy Commissioner Bill Daly made the offer during an hour-long meeting at the National Hockey League Players' Association's office.
Commissioner Bettman said the League's offer -- which he termed a "long-term" deal -- includes a 50-50 split of hockey-related revenue for the duration of the deal. NHLPA Executive Director Donald Fehr revealed the League's offer calls for "at least" a six-year CBA.
Commissioner Bettman also said the proposal addresses concerns the Union has expressed about how salaries will be affected with their share of hockey-related revenue being reduced from 57 percent in the final year of the previous CBA to a 50-percent share in the proposal made Tuesday. Commissioner Bettman also said the NHL's proposal does not include a rollback on current player contracts.
"We believe this was a fair offer for a long-term deal and it's one that we hope gets a positive reaction so that we can drop the puck on Nov. 2, which backing up entails at least a one-week training camp," Commissioner Bettman said. "So, we have about nine or 10 days to put this all to bed, signed, sealed and delivered in order for this offer to be effective and for us to move forward. We hope that this effort that we've undertaken today will be successful because we know how difficult this all has been for everybody associated with the game, particularly our fans."
Fehr said the Union needs time to digest the League's proposal and it would spend Tuesday afternoon doing so before the NHLPA's executive board and negotiating committee discusses the offer in a conference call, scheduled for 5 p.m. ET
"Our hope is that after we review this that there will be a feeling on the players' side that this is a proposal from which we can negotiate and try and reach a conclusion," Fehr said. "But, we are not in a position to make any comments about it beyond that at this point."
Commissioner Bettman said the League will wait to hear from the Players' Association.
"We're going to be on-call to them," he said. "They have some work to do internally. Obviously, we didn't put this proposal, this offer, together overnight and they're going to need a little time to review it. I'm hoping that review will get us to a positive and constructive place."
For an 82-game regular-season to begin Nov. 2, Commissioner Bettman said each team would have to play one additional game every five weeks. That would allow the completion of the Stanley Cup Final in late June.
"Beyond that, we don't think it would be good for the players or for the game," Commissioner Bettman said. "If you look at what our ability would be to schedule 82 games and you work back from Nov. 2, if we didn't do it now, if we didn't put an offer on the table that we thought was fair and could get us playing hockey, then it probably wasn't going to happen for a while because, again, it is done in the spirit of getting a full season in."
The NHL locked out the players on Sept. 16 due to the lack of a CBA. The regular-season schedule through Oct. 24 has been cancelled and Daly has estimated the shared revenue loss so far between the League and the NHLPA is in the neighborhood of $250 million.
Follow Dan Rosen on Twitter: @drosennhl