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WWI & Australian military history
A useful starting-point for general archival research of Australian military history is the National Archives of Australia Fact Sheets – enter the term 'military' in the search field to refine your results.
Your next port of call might be the Australian War Memorial. The War Memorial is a rich source of information about specific conflicts, terminologies and people. Examples of documents held by the Australian War Memorial include:
You can also find information specific to Victorian military service on the Veterans' Unit website.
If you're interested in undertaking research on particular soldiers, such as your great-great-grandfather, there are a number of approaches to take:
- Nominal rolls list members of Australia's defence forces who served during particular conflicts. A handy short-cut to the rolls is hosted by the Federal Department of Veterans' Affairs.
- The Australian War Memorial can help you 'Research a Person'.
- The National Archives of Australia holds military service records and attestation documents. World War I records are extensively available online, while World War II records are partially online and may be ordered.
- Trove, hosted by the National Library of Australia, facilitates searches for newspapers, maps, books, images, historic music, archives and more.
Finally, another good source of general information on military history is the museum collection. Today museums typically have at least some of their collections online – the Museum Victoria Collections Online may be a useful starting point, and you could also browse the Australian War Memorial collection online.
While the Shrine of Remembrance is synonymous with the military history of Australia, traditionally it is not a collecting institution, although it does hold a small collection of objects for display purposes.
Beyond Australia, most nations hold national military collections, often in national museums, and some battlefields have museums specific to those conflicts. International collections that may be of particular interest include the National Army Museum and the Imperial War Museums in the UK.
If you have a collection of material you need advice on managing, the Veterans' Unit in Victoria provides workshops and information guides. Museums Australia (Victoria) also provides training workshops and printed information on managing collections.


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Subcooled boiling flows are encountered in many industrial applications such as boilers, nuclear reactors, and the new generation of electronic and computer systems. There have been many efforts to understand and model subcooled boiling flow.
In the field of nuclear Engineering, subcooled boiling flows have been studied as an important issue in the optimum design and safety of nuclear systems because the presence of vapor bubbles has a large effect on the heat transfer characteristics of a nuclear system as well as pressure drops, flow nstability, etc.
However, subcooled boiling flow is very difficult to understand due to the complex behavior of bubbles with heat and mass transfer through the bubble interface. Therefore, in order to understand subcooled boiling flow, which is a challenging problem, it is essential to acquire thorough knowledge on condensing bubbles. There have been many experimental analyses on bubble behavior. In these experimental studies, bubble behavior regarding the bubble size, shape, velocity and moving trajectory was investigated in various conditions.
However, it has been impossible to obtain complete information about the bubble behavior due to the existence of the bubble interface between the vapor and liquid phases. The shape and the area of the varying interface, which governs the behavior of each phase, are very complex and thus difficult to measure.
Moreover, in subcooled boiling flow, bubble condensation significantly affects the change of interface so this complicates the analysis of the behavior of condensing bubbles even more. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out numerical simulations for bubble behavior as a complement to experiments. Such numerical simulations may contribute to a better physical understanding of complex phenomena regarding the behavior of condensing bubbles.
One of the numerical methods for bubble simulation is the volume of fluid model proposed by Hirt and Nichols. It can deal with immiscible fluids with clearly defined interface; the direct simulation of the varying interface is possible. Many numerical studies have analyzed bubble behavior in terms of the bubble size, bubble shape, rise trajectory and bubble velocity using the VOF model.
Wachem and Schouten , Lorstad and Fuchs , and Gopala and Wachem examined the applicability of the VOF model to the analysis of a single rising bubble in liquid. These examinations confirmed that the VOF model can yield good predictions of the bubble shape and terminal velocity. The VOF model also has been used to analyze the following: the effect of a channel wall on bubble shapes and terminal velocities; the velocity distribution and the distribution of the local wall shear stress in slug flow; the effect of the liquid velocity field on bubble motion in a linear shear flow; the trajectories of bubbles with various initial diameters that rise in water; the coalescence of two gas bubbles; the effect of the bubble size/shape and neighboring bubbles on the magnitude and direction of the lift force; etc.
The simulation results showed good agreements with the experimental data. However, most bubble simulations were limited to cases of adiabatic systems such as air bubble-water flow, where the heat and mass transfer between each phase were not considered. Those simulation results for bubble behavior are only valid for analyzing bubble behavior in adiabatic systems. However, in subcooled boiling flow, bubble condensation is the key parameter to describe heat and mass transfer phenomena.
It significantly affects the shape and the area of the varying interface thus the behavior of the condensing bubble becomes different from that of the adiabatic bubble. Therefore, in order to understand bubble behavior in subcooled boiling flow, a numerical study of condensing bubbles considering heat and mass transfer through the bubble interface is required.
This study focused on how to simulate bubble condensation with a CFD code. Moreover, using the VOF model, the behavior of condensing bubbles in subcooled boiling flow was investigated. In order to simulate the condensing bubble with the FLUENT code, the bubble condensation was modeled using the user-defined function.
For the validation of the UDF of bubble condensation, the results of CFD simulation were compared with the SNU experimental results. Through the VOF model coupled with the UDF of bubble condensation, the fundamental behavior of condensing bubble in terms of the bubble velocity, rise distance and moving trajectory was investigated under various conditions.
The effects of condensation on bubble behavior were analyzed by comparing the behavior of condensing bubbles with that of adiabatic bubbles. In this study, the volume of fluid model in a commercial CFD code FLUENT 6.2.16 is used to simulate condensing bubbles in subcooled boiling flow. The gas and liquid phases are considered as incompressible fluids and the flow is assumed to be laminar.

subset: commoncrawl


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If you really want to build your sales, you need to follow these tips on 9 ways to boost your referrals. Quick – think of the Apple brand. Who first introduced you to it? If you love Macs, who was it that first convinced you to … [Read more...]
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By Imoh David-twitter: @ImohDavid
In Nigeria, there are four rams, sorry arms of government: the ExecuTHIEVES, legislathieves, JUJUciary and the unofficially declared Priesthieves. All of them together make a clown out of our nation. They work unanimously in looting, defrauding, abusing and shaming the Nigerian citizens and the state in general. If they disagree between themselves they are merely aggrieved on who is having the biggest loot of the day, or how the man in charge goes about his looting and not because they wish to do anything better for the nation. In those days, we use to have the "Milithieves" but most of them decamped into executhieves since the era of "milithievery" was over.
The priesthieves are the unofficial arm of government in Nigeria. In Nigeria, we have the Aso Rock, National Assembly, the courts of Justice and finally CAN as the citadel that houses our officials. As a Nigerian of this age, if you do not know, please be informed that CAN is now an arm of the government that we have refused to recognize and acknowledge. What else can I say? If it is not an arm of government and the members (who are priests) are not senior government officials, how come they have security details with the size of that of state governors and their properties like private jets are used in the interest of national security like importing weapons unbehalf of the state for our protection? CAN even knows the sponsors of Boko Haram and the security chiefs do not know. Awesome!
In Nigeria, priests are given military protection and riot police personnels for theirs escorts; which other nation in the world practices this type of absurdity? Aren't we so brilliant? We have nothing tangible to make use of our security personnels other than converting them to errand details of some men with the fraudulent title of "men of God". We should be proud of our achievements. These men must be contributing so much to our national GDP.
What a nation puts so importance on defines and shapes her future. In the saner climes of planet earth, the government protect scientists, economists, policy makers and inventors. In those places priests are as useful a skate-board to an ijebu man. And we are still wondering why those nations are doing better than us? In those saner climes, when politicians are about to go for elections, they attach themselves to economists and policy makers that will develop seducing policies that they can appeal to the voters. But here, what does our politicians do? They kneel before priests so that we are convinced they have common sense. Like citizens, like their rulers. Every country deserves the type of leaders they have. Leaders are merely the manifestation of the mass intelligence and sentiments of a geographical clime. We should be proud of our sense of judgment and intelligence.
An average Nigerian who is likely highly religious is more concerned by the newspaper headline that reads "Pastor Adeboye prays for the President" than the one which reads "The President budgets 50 billion naira for education". The later headline is lesser of an appeal to the average Nigerian. The religious Nigerian is of the cognition that once a man calls himself "Man of God", it automatically makes him above the law, socially immune to discussion and criticism, and no matter what he is found guilty of he is certainly right. This is a blessing to the polithiefcian and the pastorpreneurs; they partner in looting the masses and continually aim to reduce their sense of reasoning.
Even in the days of old, Priests were of no good to anyone. Even the biblical Jesus disliked them. Unknown to the religious Nigerians, the character called Jesus was a rebel and not some gentle man. He disliked priests passionately. He fought for the poor and the oppressed and not be taking sides with corrupt politicians to milk the masses and that is why they killed the man. If Jesus was in bed with politicians of his time like how CAN romances with the government, who would have killed him? It was the Priests and politicians that conspired and killed Jesus in the bible. There is nowhere that Jesus spoke highly of Priests. He specifically called them "Brood of vipers", "Deceitful people", thieves, lying tongues, hypocrites, etc. who impoverish the people and take their moneys. This is what drove the man mad at the temple where he whipped all of them that were engaging in trade. Do you think that your pastorpreneur will not whipped by Jesus if he met them in Nigeria? He'll set their private jets ablaze and burn their exorbitant schools down.
If he were to be a Nigerian in this age, Nigerian pastors and Nigerian Christian will hate him. And this is why: if you speak ill of pastors, the religious Nigerian will hate you whether or not you say the truth. In short they do not want to hear anything truthful. Just lie to them and tell them what they want to hear and they'll call you man of God. Nigerian pastors will have hated Jesus if he was a Nigerian living in this age because he would have spoilt their tithe business. Here is what Jesus said to Priests and tithes in the bible (Matthew 23:23):
"Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint and dill and cumin, and have neglected the weightier matters of the law: justice and mercy and faithfulness…." I'm sure pastorpreneurs avoid reading passages like this to their sheeple.
Jesus spoke against injustice and defended the oppressed. Like the case of the woman accused of prostitution and wanted to be stoned to death- Jesus defended that poor woman. But in Nigeria, a man of Jesus slapped a poor woman for saying she "is a witch for Christ". Let me ask you, would Jesus have slapped a woman for saying she is a witch for him? The man never slapped anyone, except for the truth he spoke against injustice. As a matter of Jesus was slapped by a priest in the bible just like how priests slap their sheeple.
John 18:22:
"When He had said this, one of the officers standing nearby struck Jesus, saying, "Is that the way You answer the high priest?"
Religious Nigerians would rather slap and fight another for speaking up against the fraud and lies perpetrated by pastorpreneurs like how Jesus was slapped by a religitard, saying how dare he speak to a priest that way. And this was Jesus' response:
John 18: 23:
"If I said something wrong," Jesus replied, "testify as to what is wrong. But if I spoke the truth, why did you strike me?"
If you are worshiping a God that hates people that express themselves and particular speak the truth, something is wrong with both you and that your God. You cannot be claiming truth and banning scrutiny at the same time; you are a fraud. Dear Nigerians, wake up and hold your priests to ransom; they must come with clean hands!
By Imoh "Son of David"


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next father's day
Fast Food Fun these clever, useful gifts cater to every new dad's lack of sleep, time-management needs, and wide-open heart. Cupcake Buns + Brownie Burgers + Cookie Fries = One Happy Meal! Or many… I can hardly stand how cute these little guys are new dads don't get much sleep. You've probably seen this cold-brew. The 90 Day Super Manifestor Training Program contains over 250 Minutes of Guided Manifesting Meditations on MP3 Audio and over 580+ pages of Enlightening Material read the latest entertainment and celebrity news, tv news and breaking news from tvguide. A few years ago, we asked some of our favorite mental_floss writers to send us their favorite dad-related facts and stories for our newsletter com my first lover was my father. Church of the Resurrection Leawood is a community of people in Kansas City knowing, loving and serving God together it's ugly and, even now, more than 25 years later, difficult for me to say. Celebrate Father s Day with Food Network dads like Guy Fieri with my father, in his bed, i first experienced. Find fun and delicious recipes for grilling, BBQ, desserts, brunch and more father s day is a celebration honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. Find out more about the history of Father's Day, including videos, interesting articles, pictures, historical features and more in catholic europe, it has been. Get all the facts on HISTORY spirits are distilled from fermented drinks, where the pure alcohol spirit and its aromas are collected, leaving behind water and other elements such as sugar, yeast. com It s easy to shop for your husband with these great books, toys, and gadgets all $50 and under father s day is held on the third sunday of june in the united kingdom. Plus, check out 19 super-fun free apps for dads! Twitter Had A Field Day With The Ivanka Trump Brand Father s Day Gift Guide HuffPost; Can You Solve This Riddle Baffling the Internet? Mental Floss Folleto en línea | AVON it is a day to honor fathers and father figures, such as grandfathers and fathers-in-law. Compra en línea los productos más populares de Avon many. El portal de Avon tiene tus productos favoritos de belleza, cosméticos, joyería y raleigh, n. Father s Day Crafts Kids Can Make How to Make Printable Father s Day Cards and Gifts for Father s Day Find and share everyday cooking inspiration on Allrecipes c. Discover recipes, cooks, videos, and how-tos based on the food you love and the friends you follow a former wake county prosecutor withheld evidence from defense attorneys in a 2014 robbery trial because she was upset over her father s kidnapping. Buy Shopper & tote bags from the Womens department at Debenhams april fools day (sometimes called all fools day) is celebrated every year on april 1 by playing practical jokes and spreading hoaxes. You ll find the widest range of Shopper & tote bags products online and delivered to your door the jokes and their victims. Shop These clever, useful gifts cater to every new dad's lack of sleep, time-management needs, and wide-open heart


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Splasher review
What is the concept? Like any prodigious platformer, Splasher is elevated by tautness and nuance during navigation. Control of your purple-haired, hooded protagonist is precise, permitting players to execute the springs required to leapfrog across ...Read More »
X-Morph: Defense review
What is the concept? Since the 1978 release of Space Invaders, players have persistently protected the Earth from alien attack. But with X-Morph: Defense, the tables are turned, with gamers playing the role of intergalactic ...Read More »
Rock of Ages II: Bigger & Boulder review
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Infinite Minigolf review
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Sudden Strike 4 review
Occasionally, a franchise can lose track of the elements that once secured success. Such was the case with 2008's Sudden Strike 3. Developer Fireglow's follow-up retained many of the positive qualities of its predecessors, relinquishing ...Read More »
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As titles like Robotron: 2084, Smash TV, and the sum of the Geometry Wars series have demonstrated, the twin-stick shooter can be a wholly immersive experience. Eluding hordes of encroaching enemies, while simultaneously snatching bonuses ...Read More »
Valkyria Revolution review
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artist: various
album: past present and future (meditation on the ascetic role of music in human existence)
release date: 17/05/2009
For those who use it and want to use it, Music is certainly more than just a form of expression or language, no matter if we consider it to be universal or not. It is part of our existential condition, it is a way of transcending beauty, through love and friendship and all that is around it – Life. Music is beyond religion or judgment, no matter if you are atheist, Agnostic, Christian, Buddhist, or Hindu, open minded or anything else. It is a way to practice Asceticism, no matter if you believe or not in the relationship between macro and micro-structures. It is a way of making a statement about and for the world and ourselves.
In my life I have learned some things, of which the main and most recent discoveries, is that we all make part of the very same thing, and we are all connected. So if Music is a relevant dimension of our existence, we make Music with and for other people. Even if we think that we can make it without other people, something extremely personal, something like a daily-route escape, the seeds of our existence are embedded in it, our dreams, our fears.
In the past year XS Records [pt netlabel] started a gigantic task – creating a circuit for people to share Music, in their own personal way, such that each ones personal vision is not captive to each ones studio, but free for other people to listen to it. And in that way share everything we make and our beliefs, with respect for the differences among all of the people that are inside this boat, this train, this airplane, on this thing that is our Life. The blind man is welcome, the virtuoso is welcome, the average men and women are welcome. Everyone one is Welcome, to share the same embrace that is MUSIC.
And this is not only done by welcoming everyone, but also by breaking all boundaries bringing as much diversity as possible in the name of an ascending quality, and in that sense since the Music in this two sided-release is really good, then consequently a lot of really good people are here represented. And I can say I am proud to share this with these guys, so I will let you discover each one personally.
I've done my best compiling this, and hope you all listen to this Music and have a lot of pleasure listening to it. If you enjoy this compilation then, I can say: I was successful doing it.
Part One
01 – João Clemente – Chamber of Dismemberment by Chariot
02 – Aaldo – Mantra
03 – Minson – Contagious passion
04 – Ziur – The mind of a budist monk
05 – Claudio Moreira – AQUATICA Artificialis & Naturalis
06 – The Astroboy
07 – Isaac de la Concha – Caminos y valles
08 – Subterminal – Still
09 – Light Implant – Barack Obama
10 – Topi Reta – Cuando los Payasos invadieron la Tierra
11 – Hyaena Reich – Zlknf – telegramme de brest cover wampa
12 – Luis Salgado – Pict
13 – Miguel Urbano – Doepfer1
14 – Most People Have Been Trained To Be Bored – Spontaneity less hampered
15 – ocp – Untitled Tower
Part Two
01 – Necrostilet – Amor de cabeça perdida (feat. Valter Hugo Mãe e Luis Fernandes)
02 – João Clemente – Chamber of Heart-digging
03 – Filipe Lopes – Whitemusic
04 – Essl.Burger – EsslMuseum#2
05 – Daily Misconceptions – How to wake up slow and easy in the morning
06 – José Gomes – Distorção 16Bit L2
07 – AGF – minimalTunesia
08 – Adamned.age – In abwesenheit
09 – Jorge Nunes – Tatoo
10 – Hola One – Hipnozia
Last 10 posts in Electronica
- HUO360 is suspended.
- [P36-046] Cursed Chimera - Noisy Side Of Life
- [BP060] Syndrôm - Nomades En No Man's Land
- [prak018] D-Noise - Ann Ditrejns EP
- [S27-045] Meta Program - Meta Programming
- [breakcore_LABS01] V.A. - Compilation Album
- [BP059] Enko - Dush
- [CWZ018] Eniac - Unknown Language
- [pertin-nce_031] V.A. - Things are bad in haiti


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Gråhøe Vandring
Get some views of Mysusæter from up above
Viktig informasjon
- Destinasjon: Rondane
- Sesong: mai-oktober
- Vanskelighetsgrad: Middels
- Lengde: 2.2 kilometer (tur/retur)
- Stigning: 160 meter
- Varighet: 1-1.5 timer
Om Gråhøe
Gråhøe is the name of the little peak just above the downhill slope at Mysusæter. The climb up is strenuous but if you take your time the trail treats you with great views of Mysusæter and Rondane National Park all the way up.
If you have a car you can drive from Otta and up to Mysusæter. When you get close to Mysusæter, you will find Rondane Hotel on your right-hand side. You can ask if it is ok to park your car there or continue for about 500 more meters and park your car behind Musysæter Servicesenter.
Take the train to Otta and the bus from Otta to Mysusæter. Usually, there is one bus in the morning and one in the afternoon. Check out the timetables at Opplandstrafikk.no or call them(+47 61 28 90 00) if it is hard to find the correct departure times.
From Mysusæter Servicesenter follow the gravel road and trail up to the downhill slope. On the far right side of the slopes you can find a trail marked green going up the hill. If you don't find it at first then just follow the right side of the slope and you will find it a bit further up as another trail comes into the same trail from the west side of the mountain.
Follow this green marked trail up as is crosses the downhill slope at the top and reaches Gråhøe.
Questions or comments? Let us know.
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By Angela Moryan, Sports Information Assistant
Full Box Score: http://gcbobcats.com/sports/mbkb/2016-17/boxscores/20161130_bs8b.xml?view=boxscore
MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga. – The Georgia College Men's Basketball team (5-2) brought in another win against the Golden Tigers of Tuskegee University (0-7), this time on the Bobcats' home court. The Bobcats bested the Tigers 65-56 after a dominating first half and gave Coach Mark Gainous his first career five-win streak.
The victory resulted primarily from the hot start the Bobcats had in the first half. Huge blocks from freshman Kohl Roberts (Atlanta) and a nearly perfect half from point guard Desmond Mitchell-LaFlam (New Smyna Beach, Florida) put the Bobcats up early. They went into the locker room with a nine-point lead, 30-21.
The Golden Tigers fought back in the second half, but the nine-point deficit proved too large to overcome. Both teams netted 35 points a piece in the second, but the explosive second half from sophomore Chaz Berry (Fayetteville) kept the Bobcats just far enough in the lead to secure the fifth win of the season.
Berry and Mitchell-LaFlam tied for tops on the Bobcat roster, each recording 13 points. Mitchell-LaFlam was perfect for 19 minutes, gaining all 13 points in the first half. Before missing a three-pointer at the end of the first, Mitchell-LaFlam drained three of three from three, a perfect two free throws and an extra layup.
Berry had a slower start with just one point going into the locker room at halftime. But in true Chaz Berry fashion, the forward found holes in the Golden Tigers defense during the second half, going 4-for-7 from the floor and snagging four free points from the foul line.
Junior Brice Booker (Atlanta) remained a force from the bench, reaching double-digits for the fourth time this season. He went home with three assists and three rebounds as well.
With seven games in the books, Georgia College holds onto the best Peach Belt Conference (PBC) defense from points per game allowed and field goal percentage allowed. Thomas is the 10th-best in the PBC for rebounds per game with 7.7, and freshman Austin Dukes (Lawrenceville) stays in fifth in free throw percentage with .867.
The Bobcats play a non-conference match Saturday when they host Albany State University in a men's and women's basketball doubleheader. Tip-off for the men is scheduled for 4 p.m. Georgia College begins conference play after the university's finals week. They'll host Armstrong State University Saturday Dec. 16 at 3:30 p.m.
The Georgia College Department of Athletics, two-time winners of the PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 11 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Bobcat Athletics prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the teams' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at @GCBobcats on social media for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit GCBobcats.PhotoReflect.com to purchase photo prints from home athletic contests.


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Department Express Magazine
Why Are More People Using Tablet Laptops?
Are Tablet Laptops The Way Of The Future?
You know what a tablet laptop is, yes? If not. It is a laptop which converts into a tablet computer. They can be incredibly convenient. Sales of these things have shot up in recent years. Let us tell you a little bit about why.
Nowadays, most people seem to own a laptop and a tablet computer. We are positive that in the past, companies thought that laptops would be replaced by tablet computers, but that never really happened. People just ended up buying both. Sure, there are some people that are tablet only, but these are very rare. Of course, people do like things to be as convenient as possible, so companies came up with the idea of combining laptops with tablets. People started to pick them up, and now they are exceedingly popular.
Obviously, the major benefit of having a tablet laptop is that you really do get the best of both worlds. If you want to use it as a tablet and just use the touch screen, perhaps to play some of your favorite apps, then you can. However, these things also have a bit more power than your standard tablet computer. This means that they are able to cope with some of the more complicated tasks such as playing intense games or proper image editing. Sure, you can do this type of stuff on a laptop computer, but nowhere near to the same standard. This is probably why many people opt to buy both a laptop and a tablet. You can do a lot of things on a tablet, and it can be more convenient to use, but it will never be the 'same' as if you were using a proper laptop.
Many people love the idea of tablet laptops because you have a proper keyboard attached to them. If you are doing a lot of typing, perhaps answering emails for work purposes, then you really do not want to be wasting a lot of time tapping away on a screen. It is just annoying. With a tablet laptop, you just fold out the tablet and you have a full keyboard ready for you to use!
Of course, it also helps that the price of these tablet laptops has shot down in recent years. For the most part, you should be able to pick up a tablet laptop for the same price that you can pick up a normal laptop. Why wouldn't you want one when you can do that? We anticipate that in the future, almost all of the laptops in the world are going to be a tablet/laptop hybrid.
Of course, if you are going to be purchasing a tablet laptop, make sure that you pick it up from a quality manufacturer. There are some very shoddy units on the market which really do not work as well as one would hope. You want your laptop to last as long as possible. Buy cheap, and you will replace often. Buy a decently priced laptop, and it will be kicking around for years and years to come!


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Saturday, May 18 marks the 20th anniversary of the release of the Backstreet Boys' most popular album, Millennium, and to mark the occasion, the band has released a "reimagined" version of their signature tune, "I Want It That Way" — one of three massive singles from the record.
The new version is stripped down and acoustic, allowing you to hear every word — although they still don't make any sense.
In a statement, the group writes, "What a journey it's been! From our visits to MTV's TRL studio in the heart of Times Square to selling out worldwide tours in minutes to meeting so many of you and sharing countless memories, it's been a crazy ride and we want it that way."
"Each and every one of you have been the perfect fan and have made us feel larger than life," they continue. "Believe us when we say, no one else comes close to having as amazing fans as we do! It's gotta be you guys. We would never be able to say enough 'thank yous' but wanted to share a little something to show how grateful we are."
BSB just kicked off their DNA World Tour, which will arrive in North America on July 12.
Copyright © 2019, ABC Radio. All rights reserved.


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SAL LAGRECA: McCann-Erickson WorldGroup
by on Oct 30, 12:00 AM
, Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer for McCann-Erickson WorldGroup, is leaving the company. McCann WorldGroup CEO Jim Heekin said LaGreca had informed him one month ago of plans to retire in the first quarter of 2003. "He'll be very missed by McCann and by me in particular," Heekin said. LaGreca joined the company in late 1994 from parent Interpublic Group where he was a controller.
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by on Oct 30, 12:00 AM
, Executive VP of Sales at CBS for the past four years, will replace
Joe Abruzzese
as President of Network Sales. Ross, second in command to Abruzzese in the CBS sales department, is a 10-year veteran of CBS, joining the network in 1992 as VP of Olympic Sales. Prior to joining CBS, she was with ABC for three years, where she sold daytime before being named a Prime Account Executive. She also spent time at the media buying firm Bozell.
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MIKE CROSSMAN: Cordiant Communication Group's CCG.XM
by on Oct 30, 12:00 AM
, the head of Cordiant Communication Group's CCG.XM interactive unit in Europe, has left the company. Crossman's exit comes nearly a year after CCG decided to fold most of its XM offices into the holding company's marketing services network, 141. The move was one of several cost-cutting measures initiated at the end of last year. A representative said that
Dennis Kerslake
, Managing Director of 141, will absorb Crossman's duties.
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GAYNOR STRACHAN CHUN: TechTV
by on Oct 30, 12:00 AM
TechTV announced the appointment of strategic brand marketing veteran
to the position of Vice President Marketing and Communications. In her new role, Strachan Chun will will oversee all areas of TechTV's brand and marketing efforts including on-air promotions, advertising, public relations, events, graphics and Web creative services. Most recently she was a consultant for TechTV and founder of Kindred Strategies, a brand and marketing consulting company.
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KAY NAPIER: McDonald's Corp.
by on Oct 30, 12:00 AM
McDonald's Corp. has added a veteran Procter & Gamble Co. executive to its U.S. marketing force.
, who in June retired as P&G Vice President of North America Pharmaceuticals and Corporate Women's Health Care, will carry the title of Senior Vice President of Marketing for McDonald's USA. She will report to
Larry Light
, the fast-food giant's Executive Vice President and Global Chief Marketing Officer. She is Light's first hire since his arrival at McDonald's last month.
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DAVID BELL: Interpublic Group
by on Oct 30, 12:00 AM
, Vice Chairman of Interpublic Group of Cos., has relinquished his responsibilities. Bell will take on a new role within Interpublic's Advanced Marketing Services group. Interpublic has two other operating divisions, McCann-Erickson WorldGroup and FCB Group.
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CHRIS ROHRS: Television Bureau of Advertising
by on Oct 30, 12:00 AM
Television Bureau of Advertising President
will serve a second three-year term at the nonprofit group, which represents television broadcast groups, advertising sales rep firms and nearly 500 individual stations.
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TERI ANDREWS: Bluestreak
by on Oct 30, 12:00 AM
Bluestreak, a provider of online marketing technology and services, announced that it has hired
as Vice President of Sales. Andrews joins Bluestreak from Yesmail, where she was VP of Sales for North America. Before Yesmail, Andrews was Vice President of Marketing/Sales for ADVO Inc., where she was responsible for the profit/loss performance of this $200 million advertising/direct mail business.
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KAREN GORDON: SF Interactive
by on Oct 30, 12:00 AM
SF Interactive has promoted three senior executives to key management positions within the agency. Effective immediately,
will assume one of the Co-Executive Creative Director positions. During her tenure at SFI, Gordon's clients have included Shockwave.com, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Online, VeriSign, Weider Fitness Interactive and Hewlett-Packard. Before joining SFI, she was a Senior Copywriter at Cohn & Wells for Cisco, Sony, Microsoft and Miraval Resort.
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Spargur: SF Interactive
by on Oct 30, 12:00 AM
will share the Executive Creative Director with Gordon. His client experience at SF Interactive has included VeriSign, Roxio, Shockwave.com and Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Online. Previously, as Art Director for Agency.com, he was involved in creating the company's creative vision and producing Web projects for Hewlett-Packard, Pacific Bell, the California Almond Board, PG&E, Netscape and Intel.
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text:
Tonkon Torp partner Anna Sortun has been honored by the Portland Business Journal as one of its 2017 Forty Under 40 award recipients. The annual award recognizes influential business and community leaders in the greater Portland area who are under 40 years old. Judging was based on career accomplishments, business influence and leadership, and community and civic involvement.
Anna's many business accomplishments and her leadership skills, as well as her community and civic involvement, demonstrate her sustained effort to generate positive change in Oregon's business and legal communities. Some of the achievements that helped her to stand out from the 400 nominations submitted this year include:


text:
I have been trying and failing to sleep for almost 2 hours. Normally storms don't bother me when I sleep. Bah. There's a lot of lightening though, so that may be not helping.
In other news, I waited almost 2 hours to see a tech at the Genius Bar about my broke phone. Guess what? It was broke. 👎🏼 Had to buy a new phone. I'm in the market for a more hardy case.
Think I'm gonna have an official midnight snack cause being in bed is not making sleep happen. To the cheese!


text:
We understand that your web site is the ambassador for your business or online venture. You need it to project a professional and contemporary image.
Your web site is attending a 24/7 sales meeting on the Internet. It is just as important for it to arrive as well-dressed and ready for business as it is for you when attending such a meeting in person.
The Internet is a fast-paced environment. Technology, methodologies and even fashions change almost on a daily basis.
Here at Savannah Software, we make it our business to stay on top - and even ahead of - this fast pace of change. In fact, we take personal pride in it.
We do all this so that you don't have to - and believe us when we tell you - it is a full-time job!
What this means for you is peace of mind.
So, why not put your project in our hands, so you can continue with what you do best? Contact us today
In the sixteen years that we have been in the software business, our specialty has always been applications. It is what sets us apart from many of our competitors.
Increasingly, applications that used to be the domain of the desktop computer are being ported to the web - whether they be in-house and used exclusively within your company (Intranet), available to certain people from outside of your network (Extranet) or publicly available (Internet).
In short, a web application is a web site that actually performs a function.
Some examples of web applications include:
Many, or most processes that used to be managed by traditional paper or PC-based systems are capable of being improved by a web-based system.
Some of the advantages to moving to a Intranet or Internet system are:
The flexibility of web-based applications means that there are as many possibilities as there are businesses out there.
Why not consider the many ways in which your business could benefit from a web application?
Ready to brainstorm ideas? Contact us today
An essential part of producing dynamic and outstanding websites is producing great looking graphics.
Of course, this ability isn't limited to just web sites! Graphic design is required for many areas of both your online - and offline - activities.
We have some talented graphic designers onboard at Savannah Software. Let us show you how we can create the perfect image for you.
We can provide:
Need quick, quality results? Contact us today


text:
The Landing has joined forces with The University of Salford's incubation scheme for start-ups, Origin, to allow students and graduates to use its facilities at MediaCityUK.
Currently based at Spark Studio in Salford, the scheme has extended to The Landing to give participants access to its digital and creative communities.
Successful applicants participating in the 12-month scheme will have the ability to be based at The Landing or Spark Studio at a subsidised rate, including the first three months free.
It's aiming to become a centre of excellence for University of Salford students and graduates looking to manage start-up enterprises within the digital and creative sectors, focusing primarily on technological innovation.
Current participants of the scheme include textile design company House of Hoyle, Parisian online marketplace for one-off items, Paris, je t'aime, and independent game developers Lamplight Studios.
Martin Cosens, programmer and project lead at Lamplight Studios, said: "Our move to Origin at The Landing offers an exciting platform for growth that enables us to benefit from outstanding facilities and be part of a network of innovators.
"Through the university's concerted efforts to connect students directly with their relevant industries, we find our company in a place surrounded by experienced digital media companies, providing expertise and opportunity to both us and any other individuals with access to the space."
Ann Darby, director of strategic partnerships at The Landing, added: "Supporting digital creative SMEs and ensuring that they grow, thrive and excel in their industry is integral to what we do at The Landing.
"Collaborating with the University of Salford to support their incubator scheme helps to fulfil that mission and cultivate the future industry leaders."


text:
The Neotia University, one of the leading self-financed private Universities in West Bengal organized an International Conference on "Energy Options for Tomorrow: Technology to Sustainability" from 17th – 19th April at Eco Vista, New Town. Former Governor of West Bengal, Shri M. K. Narayanan inaugurated the conference.
Well known academicians from some of the best institutes in India and abroad, such as, IISc, IITs, Jadavpur University, IIEST, CGCRI-CSIR, MNRE, Trinity College Dublin and The University of Edinburgh attended the conference. They delivered talks on topics ranging from conversion of electric power from non-conventional energy sources, storage of electrical power and its distribution through intelligent grids etc. A panel discussion on "New technologies and policies in energy sector for growth and sustainability" was also organized.
In addition to senior academicians and industry persons, more than sixty young researchers presented results of their recent research work in the form of posters and oral presentations.
Prof. A. S. Kolaskar, Vice Chancellor of TNU has pointed out that the aim of the conference is to provide a platform for young researchers to present their work and interact with senior academicians and industry persons. He also mentioned that TNU is keen to take up major research and development projects in energy storage and distribution along with industry. TNU is the only university in India that has B.Tech programme in Energy Engineering. TNU has signed a MoU with Adani Power Limited and will soon sign MoU with India Power Corporation Limited.
Priyanka Dutta
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text:
Just a few ideas to liven the place up all totally optional, of course.
 Entertainment  - Self generated something to help you pass the time on a boring crossing. Get your boat to create a poem, limerick, even a song ! The subject must be related to scuttlebutt, however tenuous. Nothing too long winded (BobE please note!)
 Pretend Forumites  . Out of respect for those who had to withdraw Powerskipper, Duncan, Jimi, Iangrant to name just some. Create a   model to help us think they are present. Eg 2-D in the form of a picture or cardboard cutout, a 3-D doll (effigy?), or even a hologram (zero-D?)
 Prize Giving  there will be some awards feel free to nominate your own on the night! eg For almost arriving a week early B no I promised I wouldnt publish it !
All good clean fun - I hope you will agree!


text:
April 6, 2014
What is stirring in Upper Level this month?
S is for Stories of fungi and spores, filled with scientific facts plus imagination galore.
P is for Periodic, the Table of Elements we mean, and the research we're doing to share and be seen.
R is for Rocks, the rock cycle revealed, and a timeline of formation that we're crafting with zeal.
I is for Indus, the ancient valley civilization, we created and shared google slide presentations.
N is for Neurons, that connect and grow, we're exploring enhancement of our own learning flow.
G is for Gilgamesh, one of four myths we're adapting in a way that is cool, so we can share a fun puppet show with the rest of the school!
You might have noticed by now, we have spelled out the word Spring, because we'll do just about anything to help the sun sing!


text:
There are great places to go in Madrid. I will give you the most famous ones. Have a great time!
The Prado MuseumThanks to Charles III of Spain, 1759-88, Madrid has museums, parks, government buildings on par with Rome, Paris, and London. Hew spared nothing to make this Castilian town equal to those other Western capitals. The Prado Museum was one of those attractions.
This highly-acclaimed art museum is one of the most-visited attractions in Madrid, summoning the attention of lovers of great art from around the world with its expansive collection of a variety of works.
The Villanueva BuildingOriginally planned as a Natural History Museum, Charles III knew exactly what he wanted. An expansive grand rotunda, a central gallery full of natural light, and a cube-shaped space on either end formed the architectural elements. The facade was designed in the Neo-Classical style.
During the Spanish War of Independence construction stop and the building was used by the Calvary. During the way, a fire destroyed part of the building and much of the original construction supplies were stolen.
After the war, King Ferdinand VII restarted construction on The Prado and 10 years later, the attraction opened its doors as The Royal Museum of Painting and Sculpture.
By the early 1900s, the art collections had outgrown the building and additions were planned. The first addition was made in 1918 and more rooms were added again in the 1950s and 60s. Two additional buildings were added to the Prado Complex, Casón del Buen Retiro and the Palacio de Villahermosa, finally providing ample room to display the amazing collection.
Retiro Park
Designed for leisure, the park provides boating, bicycling, picnicking, quiet strolls and just passing the time. Automobiles are not allowed. Street entertainers perform throughout the park and you will find numerous 'terrazas' (open air bars) where you can drink something or enjoy an 'horchata' (made from tiger nuts or almonds). The city provides many special events such as a huge book fair held annually. A little secret - you will find a statue of the 'Angel Caido' - The fallen angel. While you will find statues of Lucifer or the fallen angel in other places such as the Brooklyn Art Museum, this one is said to be the first statue in the world dedicated to a fallen angel.
Royal PalaceWith so much talent in Barcelona, it is strange that the royal family turned to 18th century Italian school of architecture, for their palace. In a short 17 years the builders created a masterpiece with over 2000 rooms. The tourist get to see an amazing array of priceless furniture, clocks, tapestries, carpets, porcelains, as well as royal collections of paintings, sculptures and frescoes. Another little secret - housed in the palace you will find a small Armory Museum with a unique display of arms and armor used in Europe during the time of three of its Kings.
Cybele Fountain
Plaza MayorThe Plaza Mayor, was originally a market place but with the help of King Phillip II and Phillip III, it was turned into a grand square with a street level arcade. Designed by Juan de Herrera, it took over 50 years to get started and was finally finished by Juan Gomes de la Mora, a successor to Herrera. The plaza was completed in just 2 years.
Puerta del SolThe Puerta del Sol is the most central square in the Spanish capital and it has been called the Kilometer Zero Spanish radial road since 1950.
Puerta de Alcala
Royal Palace of Aranjuez
The palace's important art and historical collections include the Museo de la Vida en Palacio, describing the daily lives of Spain's monarchs. The huge gardens, built to relieve its royal residents from the dust and drought of the Spanish high central plateau, uses the waters of the two adjacent rivers for aeration. The Jardín de la Isla is on a man-made island bounded by the River Tagus and the Ria Canal. The Jardín del Principe contains a miniature palace and the Museo de las Falúas Reales, housing the collection of Spain's royal pleasure barges.
Basilica de San Francisco el GrandeThe Basilica of St. Francis has a round floor plan and boasts the largest dome in Spain, at 108 feet in diameter, even larger than that of St. Paul's Cathedral in London. It was built in 1760 by King Carlos III on the site of a Franciscan Convent that claims to have been founded by St Francis in 1217.
Casa Juan Guas carved the seven main doors from American walnut and the 16th-century Gothic choir stalls are from La Cartuja del Paular, in Segovia province.
Almudena CathedralThe history of Almudena Cathedral could have been written in Hollywood.
After hundreds of years of haggling, in 1868, Madrid received permission from Toledo to construct a new church dedicated to the Virgin of Almudena. Construction began in 1883 based on a Neo-Gothic design. The first part to be completed was the crypt, which contains a 16th-century image of Madrid's patroness the Virgin de la Almudena.
Construction on the cathedral progressed slowly and came to a complete halt during the civil war of the 1930s. The process began again in 1944, when the new architect changed the style to a Neoclassical style that would match the Royal Palace next door.
Almudena Cathedral was completed in 1993 and consecrated in person by Pope John Paul II that same year. A statue of the pope in front of the cathedral commemorates the momentous occasion. The cathedral was given another publicity boost with the sumptuous wedding of Prince Felipe and Doña Letizia in May 2004, the first such royal event in nearly a century.
Hope this will help you. Madrid is a beautiful place to go. I have such good memories of the time I was there.


text:
The Blessed Virgin Mary, sometimes shortened to the Blessed Virgin or the Virgin Mary, is a traditional title used by most Christians and most specifically used by liturgical Christians such as Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Lutherans, Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholics, and some others to describe Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ.
Since the first century, devotion to the Virgin Mary has been a major element of the spiritual life of a vast number of Christians, primarily in Catholicism. From the Council of Ephesus in 431 to Vatican II and Pope John Paul II's encyclical Redemptoris Mater, the Virgin Mary has come to be seen not only as the Mother of God but also as the Mother of the Church, a Mediatrix who intercedes to Jesus Christ and even a proposed Co-Redemptrix.
The key role of the Virgin Mary in the beliefs of many Christians, her veneration, and the growth of Mariology have not only come about by the Marian writings of the saints or official statements but have often been driven from the ground up, from the masses of believers, and at times via reported Marian apparitions, miracles and healings.
There is a long-standing and widespread tradition in Catholic, Orthodox, Coptic, Syriac and Anglican Christianity of giving special honor and devotion to the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus.
General perspective
Specific views
|Key prayers & devotions
Over considerable resistance, the Council of Ephesus in 431 formally sanctioned devotion to the Virgin as Theotokos, Mother of God, (more accurately translated as God bearer), sanctioning the creation of icons bearing the images of the Virgin and Child. Devotion to Mary was, however, already widespread before this point, reflected in the fresco depictions of Mother and Child in the Roman catacombs (illustration. left). The early Church Fathers saw Mary as the "new Eve" who said "yes" to God as Eve had said no.[1] The non-canonical Gospel of James, written around 150, is a literary testament to the earliest devotion to Mary, the first document advocating her perpetual virginity. Mary, as the first Christian Saint and Mother of Jesus, was deemed to be a compassionate mediator between suffering mankind and her son, Jesus, who was seen as King and Judge. Biblical support for this position was found in the story of the Marriage at Cana whereat Mary entreated Jesus to turn water into wine (Gospel of John, Chapter 2). Elizabeth's praise of Mary "blessed art thou among women" and "who am I that the mother of my Lord would visit me?" in Luke 2 are also cited in support of Mary's role, among other passages of Scripture.
In the East, devotion to Mary blossomed in the sixth century under official patronage and imperial promotion at the Court of Constantinople.[2] The popularity of Mary as an individual object of devotion, however, only began in the fifth century with the appearance of apocryphal versions of her life, interest in her relics, and the first churches dedicated to her name, for example, S. Maria Maggiore in Rome.[3] A sign that the process was slower in Rome is provided by the incident during the visit of Pope Agapetus to Constantinople in 536, when he was upbraided for opposing the veneration of the theotokos and refusing to allow her icons to be displayed in Roman churches.[4] Early seventh-century examples of new Marian dedications in Rome are the dedication in 609 of the pagan Pantheon as Santa Maria ad Martyres, "Holy Mary and the Martyrs",[5] and the re-dedication of the early Christian titulus Julii et Calixtii, one of the oldest Roman churches, as Santa Maria in Trastevere.[6] The earliest Marian feasts were introduced into the Roman liturgical calendar by Pope Sergius I (687-701).[7]
Early representations of Mary show her as the "Throne of Heaven" with Mary and the Child Jesus both royally crowned with Byzantine diadems. She was further identified with the Bride in the Old Testament Song of Solomon, by such noted theologians as St. Bernard of Clairvaux. She became the prototype for the Church itself. During the Middle Ages, and especially in France, the great Cathedrals were thus named for Mary. The Marian Rosary was popularized by the followers of St. Dominic.
The image of Mary as Queen was softened somewhat by Mary as Mother of the Child Jesus. St. Francis of Assisi popularized the image of the Nativity scene using live animals. This representation of the helpless Jesus suckled by his mother brought Christmas into the hearts and homes of the people. And, as journeys to the Holy Land became difficult, Mary's role in the Passion story became part of the popular Stations of the Cross as the Mother of the suffering Jesus. During the great plagues such as the Black Death, Mary became greatly popular as a compassionate intercessor and protector of mankind against the just judgment of God.
Devotion to the Virgin Mary as the "new Eve" lent much to the status of women during the Middle Ages. Women who had been looked down upon as daughters of Eve, came to be looked upon as objects of veneration and inspiration. The veneration of Mary both as woman and prototype of the Church was greatly responsible for transforming the Germanic Warrior code into the Code of Chivalry. This reinterpretation of women flowered in the Courtly Love poetry of Medieval and Renaissance France. Mary, as the original "vessel of Christ" may have also influenced the legends of the Holy Grail. Her selflessness, obedience and virginal humility were reinterpreted in the literary figure of Sir Galahad, finder of the Grail.
The earliest known prayer addressed to Mary is the Sub tuum praesidium, or Beneath Thy Protection, dating to the second half of the 3rd century. A papyrus dated to c. 250 containing the prayer in Greek was discovered in Egypt in 1917, and is one of the earliest known references to the title Theotokos, confirmed by the Council of Ephesus in 431:
In the twelfth century indications of a regular devotion can be noted in a sermon by Bernard of Clairvaux (De duodecim stellis), from which an extract has been taken by the Roman Catholic Church and used in the Offices of the Compassion and of the Seven Dolours. Stronger evidences are discernible in the pious meditations on the Ave Maria and the Salve Regina, usually attributed either to St. Anselm of Lucca (d. 1080) or Bernard of Clairvaux; and also in the large book "De laudibus B. Mariae Virginis" (Douai, 1625) by Richard de Saint-Laurent.
The central role of Mary in the belief and practice of Catholicism and Orthodoxy is reflected in the fact that many churches contain side altars dedicated to the Virgin Mary, or statues and icons, often with candles that can be lit to accompany prayer.
Two popular Marian devotionals are the Rosary and the Scapular. They continue to be supported and linked as Marian Sacramentals by various religious figures.[8][9]
The Holy Rosary, a form of prayer in which an Our Father, ten Hail Marys and a Glory Be to the Father (together forming a "decade of the Rosary") are recited five times while meditating on the mysteries of the life of Jesus and Mary (Joyful, Luminous, Sorrowful and Glorious) to be followed by a prayer called the "Hail Holy Queen" and perhaps the "Litany of Loreto". The rosary as a "devotional path" to the Virgin Mary has been a source of inspiration for a number of Roman Catholic figures. For instance, in his encyclical Rosarium Virginis Mariae Pope John Paul II discusses the inspiration of the rosary and how his motto "Totus Tuus" was inspired by the writings of Saint Louis de Montfort.[10] Rosary beads are not always used for purely Marian prayers, and other Rosary based prayers (e.g. Rosary of the Holy Wounds directed to Jesus Christ) also exist in the Roman Catholic tradition.[11]
The Mariologicalbasis of the Scapular devotion is effectively the same as Marian consecration, namely the role of the Virgin Mary as "the mother to us in the order of grace".[12][13] Pope John Paul II stated that: [14]
Scapular is essentially a habit which evokes the protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary in this life and in the passage to the fullness of eternal glory.
Pope John Paul II also stated that he received his own first Brown Scapular of Mount Carmel at age ten when his Marian devotion was taking shape and he continued to wear it into his papacy.[15]
Roman Catholic tradition includes specific prayers and devotions such as the Acts of Reparation to the Virgin Mary for insults that she suffers. Marian art depicting a sorrowful Virgin Mary is at times associated with these prayers.
The Raccolta Catholic prayer book (approved by a Decree of 1854, and published by the Holy See in 1898) includes a number of such prayers.[16][17][18] These prayers do not involve a petition for a living or deceased beneficiary, but aim to repair the sins of others against the Virgin Mary.
Other famous Marian prayers include the "Magnificat", the Angelus and the Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Marian hymns include O Mary, we Crown Thee With Blossoms Today, Hail Queen of Heaven, the Regina Coeli, and the Ave Maria. May and October are traditionally seen within Roman Catholicism as Marian months.
The Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a weekly cycle of prayers said throughout the day, based on the Liturgy of the Hours, and consists of hymns, psalms, scripture, and patristic readings.
The Virgin Mary is also venerated at major religious sites around the world where it is believed that apparitions or appearances of the Virgin have occurred. In many places the witnesses to these appearances have said that important messages for humanity were delivered by the Virgin.
Popular devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with Marian apparitions include the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Our Lady of Lourdes, Our Lady of Fatima and Our Lady of Guadalupe.
The term Marian apparition is normally used in cases where visions of just the Virgin Mary herself are claimed. There have also been visions, such as those of Padre Pio and Sister Maria Pierina De Micheli, where visions of Jesus and Mary and conversations with both have been reported.[19][20]
The Virgin Mary has been one of the major subjects of Christian Art, Catholic Art and Western Art since the 3rd century AD. Some of the leading Marian subjects include:
The Virgin Mary is highlighted in Catholic Church music through the ages. The ancient Latin Gregorian Chant masses include two Marian masses In solemnitatibus et Festis Beatae Mariae Virginis and in Festis et Memoriis[21] One of the earliest Marian compositions outside of the Gregorian chant is the popular Salve Regina in Latin from a Benedictine monk, which exists in several Gregorian versions. Other Marian supplications exist in numerous Latin versions as well[22] The List of compositions by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina includes numerous Marian masses:
Vivaldi, Monteverdi, Mozart, Haydn and others are well known composers who contributed to Marian music. Less known is the fact, that before 1802, the secularisation, many religious congregations had their own composers.[23] A totally unknown Father Valentin Rathgeber OSB, (1682-1750) wrote 43 masses, 164 offertories 24 concerts and, 44 Marian antiphones. Missa de Beata Virgine and the Messe de Nostre Dameare examples of individual contributions. Monteverdi's Vespro della Beata Vergine has remained structurally unchanged for the past 1500 years. Joseph Haydn wrote several Marian compositions including two famous Marian Masses:[24] Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed in honour of the Virgin Mary Latin masses and several shorter opera:[25] Other known classic composers with Marian compositions mainly in Latin include Orlando di Lasso and Franz Schubert.
The Virgin Mary is known by many titles. Some of these titles are dogmatic in nature, referring to Marian beliefs that the Church views as necessary for salvation. Many other titles are poetic or allegorical and have lesser or no canonical status, but which form part of popular piety, with varying degrees of acceptance by the clergy. Yet more titles refer to depictions of the Virgin Mary in the history of art.
Among the most prominent Marian titles in the Roman Catholic Calendar are:
Among the most prominent Marian titles in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic liturgical calendars are:
During the month of May, May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary take place in many Catholic regions. There is no firm structure as to the content of a May devotion. It includes usually the singing of Marian anthems, readings from scriptures, a sermon, and or presentation by local choirs. The whole rosary is prayed separately and is usually not a part of a Marian devotion, although Hail-Marys are included.[26]
Traditionally, the month of October is "rosary month" in the Catholic Church, when the faithful are encouraged to pray the rosary if possible. Since 1571, Mary, Queen of the Holy Rosary, is venerated on October 7.[27] Pope Benedict XVI, following all his predecessors, also encourages the rosary during the month of October:
Among the most prominent Marian feast days in the ordinary Roman Catholic Calendar are:[28]
Among the most prominent Marian feast days in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic liturgical calendars are:
Some theological background is helpful for an understanding of the Virgin Mary in Catholicism. The principal Marian doctrines that have been dogmatically defined by the Roman Catholic Church are summarized below. Fuller details are to be found in the main articles.
Maria is truly the Mother of God (De Fide). The dogma that declared Mary as the Mother of God or Theotokos is the central dogma within Mariology.[29] The Council of Ephesus declared:
This is the oldest of all dogmas concerning the Blessed Virgin. It is not only essential in Marian Theology but also in the Theology of Christ. For if Mary was not Mother of God, then Jesus was in fact not God.[30]
This oldest dogma has given rise to extended Roman Catholic Mariological views in the 20th century. In Redemptoris Mater, Pope John Paul II commented on the self-referential nature of being the Mother of God, by stating: "To the wonderment of nature you bore your Creator!" and in his 1946 publication Compendium Mariologiae, respected Mariologist Gabriel Roschini explained that Mary did not only participate in the birth of the physical Jesus, but, with conception, she entered with him into a spiritual union. Most Mariologists agree with this position.[31]
Mary was a Virgin before, during and after the birth of Christ (De Fide) This was taught by several writers including Ambrose of Milan, Augustine of Hippo, and the Lateran Synod in the year 649 under Pope Martin I. The Catholic Church interprets virginity as including mental virginity (virginitas mentis), sensual virginity (virginitas sensus), that is freedom from sexual desires and corporal virginity (virginitas corporis). The dogma of the Perpetual Virginity of Mary defines the latter. Mary was always a virgin, even after giving birth to Christ. Jesus's birth sanctified his mother's virginity.[32][33]
The Roman Catholic dogma concerning the Immaculate Conception of Mary teaches (De Fide) that Mary – unique among all human beings in history – was born without Original Sin and never sinned throughout her life. Although the sinlessness of Mary had been held by the church since the earliest times, the means by which this came about had long been a matter of dispute. The belief that Mary must have been freed of original sin at the very moment of conception gained greater acceptance in the 13th century. The doctrine was finally made binding by Pope Pius IX on December 8, 1854. The official Papal Bull entitled Ineffabilis Deus states:
This doctrine should not be confused with the miraculous conception of Jesus. The "Immaculate Conception" refers to Mary's own conception and birth – not to the famous miracle by which Jesus was conceived within her. Mary still needed a savior, since without Christ she would not have been preserved from original sin.
This doctrine should also not be confused with Mary's preservation from actual sin, although it follows logically that if she were freed from original sin, which is in essence a lack of sanctifying grace, she would have been free of the disordered inclinations to sin which are the result of a lack of sanctifying grace.[citation needed]
It was not until 1950 that it was officially pronounced a dogma by Pope Pius XII in his papal bull Munificentissimus Deus. The Pope defined the dogma in these words:
We pronounce, declare, and define it to be a divinely revealed dogma: that the Immaculate Mother of God, the ever Virgin Mary, having completed the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory.
While Pope Pius XII deliberately left open the question of whether Mary died before her Assumption, the more common teaching of the early Fathers is that she did.[35][36]
The title, Mother of the Church, which is not a dogma in the narrow sense, was a theme of the writings of Augustine of Hippo. It was proclaimed by Pope Paul VI at the Second Vatican Council in 1964. The title, Mother of the Church is a parallel to a more ancient title, Mary, Mother of all Christians which is based on a traditional Catholic interpretation of John 19:25-27:
Jesus' mother stood near his cross... Jesus saw his mother. He also saw the follower that he loved very much standing there. He said to his mother, "Dear woman, here is your son." Then Jesus said to the follower, "Here is your mother."
The traditional Catholic interpretation is that the "beloved disciple" is a type for all Christians who are beloved disciples. Thus, Jesus gives all Christians his mother as their own. As Mother of all Christians, Mary is Mother of the Church. An alternative interpretation is that Jesus was referring only to the Apostle John, asking John to fulfill a son's duty.
In his encyclical Redemptoris Mater, on March 25, 1987, Pope John Paul II said:
Mary embraces each and every one in the Church, and embraces each and every one through the Church. In this sense Mary, Mother of the Church, is also the Church's model.
The title Mother of the Church was again affirmed by him at a general audience on September 17, 1997.[37]
In the culture and practice the Roman Catholic Church - a shrine to the Virgin Mary or Marian shrine is a shrine marking an apparition or other miracle ascribed to the Blessed Virgin Mary, or a site on which is centered a historically strong Marian devotion.
Some of the largest shrines are due to reported Marian apparitions to young and simple people on remote hilltops that had hardly been heard of prior to the reported apparition. The case of Saint Juan Diego's reported vision of Our Lady of Guadalupe in 1531 is similar to the case of Saint Bernadette Soubirous's vision in 1858 of Our Lady of Lourdes. Both saints reported a miraculous Lady on a hilltop who asked them to request that the local priests build a chapel at the site of the vision. Both visions included a reference to roses and led to large churches being built at the sites. Like Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico, Our Lady of Lourdes is a major Catholic symbol in France. Both young people were eventually declared as saints.
A large number of shrines to the Blessed Virgin exist on all continents, and they draw a large number of pilgrims every year. Major shrines considered most significant for their apparitions and miracles include:
Other reported apparition sites include Međugorje, which is not considered a shrine by the Holy See, yet receives a large number of pilgrims every year. The number of pilgrims who visit some of the approved shrines every year can be significant. E.g. Lourdes with a population of around 15,000 people, receives about 5,000,000 pilgrims every year and within France only Paris has more hotel rooms than Lourdes.
The visions of Jesus and Mary reported by Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich, and written by Klemens Brentano in 1852, led a French priest Abbé Julien Gouyet to discover a house near Ephesus in Turkey in 1881. This house is assumed by some Catholics and some Muslims to be the House of the Virgin Mary. The Holy See has taken no official position on the authenticity of the discovery yet, Pope Leo XIII was favorable about the location of the house of Mary in Turkey[38] and in 1951 Pope Pius XII initially declared house a Holy Place. Pope John XXIII later made the declaration permanent. Pope Paul VI in 1967, Pope John Paul II in 1979 and Pope Benedict XVI in 2006 visited the house and treated it as a shrine.
A great many traditions revolve around the Ever-Virgin Mary, the Theotokos, in Orthodoxy. It is believed by Orthodox Christians that she was and remained a Virgin before and after Christ's birth. Many of the Church's beliefs concerning the Virgin Mary are reflected in the apocryphal text "The Nativity of Mary", which was not included in scripture, but is considered by Orthodox faithful to be accurate in its description of events. This tells that the child Mary was consecrated at the age of three to serve in the temple as a temple virgin. Zachariah, at that time High Priest of the Temple, did the unthinkable and carried Mary into the Holy of Holies as a sign of her importance – that she herself would become the ark in which God would take form. At the age of twelve she was required to give up her position and marry, but she desired to remain forever a virgin in dedication to God. And so it was decided to marry her to a close relative, Joseph, an uncle or cousin, an older man, a widower, who would take care of her and allow her to retain her virginity. And so it was that when the time came she submitted to God's will and allowed the Christ to take form within her. It is believed by many Orthodox that she, in her life, committed no sin; however, the Orthodox do not accept the Roman Catholic doctrine of the Immaculate conception. In the theology of the Orthodox Church, from the very moment of conception, Christ was fully God and fully man. Therefore Orthodox Christians believe that it is correct to say that Mary is indeed the Theotokos, the Birth-giver of God, and that she is the greatest of all humans ever to have lived except for Christ her Son.
After the birth of Jesus the Orthodox Church believes that she remained a virgin, continuing to serve God in all ways. She travelled much with her son, and was present both at his Passion on the Cross and at his ascension into heaven. It is also believed that she was the first to know of her son's resurrection – the Archangel Gabriel appearing to her once more and revealing it to her. It is believed she lived to the age of seventy and called all the apostles to her before she died. According to tradition Saint Thomas arrived late and was not present at her death. Desiring to kiss her hand one last time he opened her tomb but her body was gone. The Orthodox believe she was assumed into heaven bodily; however, unlike in the Roman Catholic Church, it is not a dogmatic prescription, and the holy day is usually referred to as the Feast of the Dormition, rather than the Assumption.
Theologians from the Orthodox tradition have made prominent contributions to the development of Marian thought and devotion. John Damascene (c 650 - c 750) was one of the greatest Orthodox theologians. among other Marian writings, he proclaimed the essential nature of Mary's heavenly Assumption, or dormition, and her mediative role.
It was necessary that the body of the one who preserved her virginity intact in giving birth should also be kept incorrupt after death. It was necessary that she, who carried the Creator in her womb when he was a baby, should dwell among the tabernacles of heaven...[39]
From her we have harvested the grape of life; from her we have cultivated the seed of immortality. For our sake she became Mediatrix of all blessings; in her God became man, and man became God.[40]
Protestants typically hold that Mary was the mother of Jesus, but was an ordinary woman devoted to God. Therefore, there are virtually no Marian veneration, Marian feasts, Marian pilgrimages, Marian art, Marian music or Marian spirituality in today's Protestant communities. Within these views, Roman Catholic beliefs and practices, which endured more than 1500 years after Jesus' death, are at times rejected as heresy, e.g. theologian Karl Barth wrote that "the heresy of the Catholic Church is its mariology".[41]
Some early Protestants venerated and honored Mary. Martin Luther said Mary is "the highest woman", that "we can never honor her enough", that "the veneration of Mary is inscribed in the very depths of the human heart", and that Christians should "wish that everyone know and respect her".[citation needed] John Calvin said, "It cannot be denied that God in choosing and destining Mary to be the Mother of his Son, granted her the highest honor."[citation needed] Zwingli said, "I esteem immensely the Mother of God", and, "The more the honor and love of Christ increases among men, so much the esteem and honor given to Mary should grow".[citation needed] Thus the idea of respect and high honor was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. The Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints they considered (and consider) to be idolatry. Protestantism usually follows the reformers in rejecting the practice of directly addressing Mary and other saints in prayers of admiration or petition, as part of their religious worship of God.
Today's Protestants acknowledge that Mary is "blessed among women" (Luke 1:42) but they do not agree that Mary is to be venerated. She is considered to be an outstanding example of a life dedicated to God. Indeed the word that she uses to describe herself in Luke 1:38 (usually translated as "bond-servant" or "slave")[42] refers to someone whose will is consumed by the will of another - in this case Mary's will is consumed by God's. Rather than granting Mary any kind of "dulia", Protestants note that her role in scripture seems to diminish - after the birth of Jesus she is hardly mentioned. From this it may be said that her attitude paralleled that of John the Baptist who said "He must become greater; I must become less" (John 3:30).
2. If anyone will not confess that the Word of God has TWO nativities, that which is before all ages from the Father, outside time and without a body, and secondly that nativity of these latter days when the Word of God came down from the heavens and was made flesh of holy and glorious Mary, Mother of God and Ever-Virgin, and was born from her: let him be anathema.
Then said the LORD unto me; This gate shall be shut, it shall not be opened, and no man shall enter in by it; because the LORD, the God of Israel, hath entered in by it, therefore it shall be shut. (Ezekiel 44:2)
This represents a point of divergence within the Christian world, with Protestant Christians teaching that Mary did in fact have other children, described in the Bible as Jesus' brothers and sisters, in verses such as Matthew 13:55-56 and Mark 6:3. The meaning of the word adelphos in the original Greek texts is disputed, viewed on the one hand as literally meaning brethren/brother, or by Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches as meaning male cousin, male friend, etc. Within the New Testament the word appears over 346 times. Alternatively, many Eastern (and some Western) Christians (both Catholic and Orthodox) teach that the "brothers and sisters" of Jesus referenced in the Scriptures were children of Joseph from a previous marriage.While the perpetual virginity of Mary is seen as having immense importance to Catholic teaching, Protestants' rejection of the doctrine is not considered spiritually significant for them. Although they object to what they see as extra-Biblical traditions, it is of no consequence to Protestant Christianity whether Mary did or did not have other children after Jesus. Protestant theology teaches that God intended Mary and Joseph as husband and wife "to become one flesh" (Genesis 2) and that the New Testament commanded Mary to fulfill her marital role to her husband Joseph. (1 Corinthians 7:5)
"So I made an ark of boards of incorruptible wood, and I hewed tables of stone like the first, and I went up to the mountain, and the two tables were in my hand." (Deuteronomy 10:3 Breton LXX)
Other translations use the words "setim", "acacia", "indestructible", and "hard" to describe the wood used. In any case, Moses used this wood because it was regarded as very durable and "incorruptible". The Ark of the Covenant has been regarded by both Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians as being the "type" in typological terms in the Old Testament of Mary and therefore it has been considered fitting that the New Ark likewise be made "incorruptible" or "immaculate".
Protestants hold that the dogma means that Mary has no need for a savior and is in violation of Romans 3 where it is declared that all have sinned and that no one is righteous (unless saved by Jesus).
Catholics say that Mary's preservation from original sin, that is, her immaculate conception is not the same as her preservation from actual sin, since original sin is not an actual sin a person commits but a state of deprivation of sanctifying grace. This lack of sanctifying grace is what inclines us toward sin. Mary, having been given sanctifying grace from the moment of her conception, lacked the inclination to sin. However, even being sinless, Mary was still in need of a savior, for it is precisely the work of the savior that preserved her from both original sin and actual sin. A person can be saved from actual sin after falling into sin and can be saved before ever falling into sin. For Catholics, Mary was preserved from original sin before contracting it and from actual sin before falling into sin. Catholics believe that Jesus could not have been born into a sinful vessel.
Yet Protestant churches hold that Jesus' mission was to overcome sin and do not recognize the difficulty in Jesus being born to an ordinary woman which Catholics view as impossible. Protestants argue that conquering sin and cleansing the world from sin was Jesus' purpose in entering a fallen and sinful world and do not view Jesus as needing a birth mother to be anything but an ordinary woman. What Catholics categorically reject does not gather much attention from Protestants, who readily dismiss the problem with the idea that "with God all things are possible"Meanwhile, Orthodox Christians and many Protestants view the dogma as erroneous and unnecessary. Catholics, Orthodox, and most Protestant Christians view original sin as imposing a tendency toward evil and an inclination to sin, drawing people towards sin. They believe a person is actually guilty only for sins he actually commits. But the Orthodox and most Protestants depart from Catholic beliefs in believing that Mary, being born with original sin would have this inclination to sin but she remained sinless because she did not commit any sins; instead, she dedicated her whole life to God from the beginning.
Redirecting to Mary (mother of Jesus)


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- It was Earth Day this week, and we found some chic and cheap eco items that will make you want to keep riding the bandwagon.
- New push-up undies for men allow your guy to bulk up, down there.
- Scarf season is never over, as long as they keep making them in warm-weather friendly silk.
Sales and Deals:
Taste Tests:
- Which straw bag will leave you money to put inside it?
- Which flats come at a great price?


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Doodle Blast! HD Makes an iPad Retina Debut
After seeing the new iPad with over 3 million (!) pixels, I couldn't help but take a break from what I was doing and dust off an old favorite – Doodle Blast! HD – to get it ready for the new device.
In theory the task was simple enough. I had saved most of the original images as vector files, so re-scaling them, while tedious, was fairly straight-forward. However, the poor codebase was very outdated and in desperate need of a fresh coat of paint. It took me over five days of round-the-clock work to rip out the old scoring system, add Game Center support, iOS5 Twitter support, replace Cocos 2D v0.7 with Cocos 2D v1.1, and implement selective retina image loading for high-res devices that supported them.
The results, however, speak for themselves. The pixels on the new iPad are so tiny, that this game more than any other literally looks like a sheet of graph paper that came to life.
Take a look at the following images for comparison. The first is a 100% scaled version of the tank from the original iPhone game. The second is that same tank, also scaled to 100%, as used by the new iPad:
Enhanced for new iPad:
The game is now available for only $0.99 (a far cry from all the $7 games for the new iPad) and as one of the DB gamers put it – "Stills don't do this game justice – you have to play it and control the awesome firepower to really appreciate it." Click here to check it out at the App Store!


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The Importance of Wheel Alignment
Posted June 9, 2011
The everyday driver has no idea what kind of obstacles they may encounter along the way, so this is why it's imperative that drivers keep their vehicle's wheels in-line. Wheel alignment is paramount when it comes to how your car handles the road. Suspension is what connects your vehicle to... continue reading.
Categories: Alignment, Car Repair and Maintenance, Service Standards, Tires and Wheels


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Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern has gained major approval on the internet by attending a dinner with the Queen dressed in a striking korowai.
The korowai, a traditional Maori cloak, was loaned to Ms Ardern by the Ngati Ranana London Maori Club.
The Spinoff Atea's Leonie Hayden tweeted, "I try not to publicly fawn over our PM, not cos I don't respect the hell outta her, I'm just terrified of being wrong about her (politicians gonna politician). But for some reason this image makes me tear up a little."
Another Twitter user, Jess Berentson-Shaw, wrote, "Perhaps one of the features of the image that gives people pause is the subversion of what power is & particularly what it has not been. Here is a woman in power who is hapu. Eurocentric cultural stories of power tell us its [sic] the opposite of power. The visual says wanna bet?".
The prime minister made a speech to members of the Commonwealth during the dinner, held at Buckingham Palace.