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Conference Room 203
Located adjacent to our ballroom is conference room 203. Conference room 203 is configured to seat 14 people, but can seat up to 22.
Conference room 203 has a built-in projector screen and whiteboard. Portable projectors are available for rent from the Office of Student Center Operations.
To reserve this space please go to : http://pvauxentsrv02.pvamu.edu/emswebapp/


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Staying at Bangalore is not an issue as there is plenty of option open for a person. The availability of budget hotels to P.G., star hotels, guest houses everything is there in the downtown. But, still living in a service apartment has its own charm. The home life feelings really mean a lot to those who continue on tour &travel. So for them, a home like well-furnished service apartment is suitable.
There are numerous service apartments available in Bangalore but, to choose a really good one which better suit needs some workout on this. Here the guide for workout before choosing the right well furnished apartment in Whitefield Bangalore.
1. Decide the location of the apartment. It is good to choose the nearest available apartment of the workplace. If the working area is in Whitefield and the apartment area is in the Koramangala than how can it help the person to attend the work in time.
2. The decision of selecting the best well furnished apartment in Whitefield Bangalore also depends upon the choice of life by the person. How he / she is going to live there a peaceful life or full of excitement.
3. Make a list of all the desire furniture and services need in a service apartment and start inquiry according to the list.
4. Tariff is the main point while looking for a service apartment to hire. Choose best suiting apartment to the budget is a good habit. A little research may need in this regards.
5. Believe, trust & good faith are the key factor of selecting a particular apartment that it must have good furniture & service.
6. Make a healthy comparison between all the available furnished apartment in Whitefield Bangalore and choose the best one according to the own research.
7. The enquiry of staying in legal apartment is essential. Unless any illegal apartment may falsely accused in any litigation. The stamp of Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) is enough to prove its legalism.
8. Pay in advance but with proper documentation to avoid the double payment due to fraudulent activities.

subset: commoncrawl


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Kid lamb feeder for 7
Bucket feeder with cover
- for feeding up to 7 lambs or kids or cria
- Volume: 30 litres or about 8 gallon
- Cover included to keep flies out. (also available separately)
- one large open trough with rounded corners, thus very easy to clean
- Includes hardware for hanging on barn walls, feed barriers, fences, etc. (pipes up to maximum of 2 inches or 61 mm
- Includes an easy to use rotary snap closure for attaching and securing to the tray
- stackable
- easy to transport
- acid-proof
- food safe
- dimensions (L x W x H): 27.5 inches x 14 inches x 11 inches (mm; 700 x 354 x 278 mm)
- Ships complete with 7 soft nipples (ref. 9274-6) and 7 Valves (ref. 9275-6) See links below to re-order
Made in Germany
• No Fly covers available at link below


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Am-Clad 2.5mm Antimicrobial Wall Cladding is a premium smooth-surfaced PVC wall cladding sheet for 'hygiene-critical environments' like hospitals, surgeries, restaurant kitchens, food manufacturing production areas and canteens.
It is also suitable for schools, spas, leisure centres, gyms and custodial premises.
Protection from viruses and germs:
- antimicrobial (actively prevents the spread of germs and is easy to clean)
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Standard Sheet sizes:
Length: 2438mm (8')
Width: 1220mm (4')
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For further information or technical advice:
Call 01274 578 051
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Download the Am-Clad Data Sheet
Download the NBS Specification Clause for 2.5mm Am-Clad


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Wednesday, April 9, 2008
Toni Braxton hospitalized in Las Vegas
The HOT mega grammy winning singing super star, Toni Braxton (she performs these days at the Flamingo hotel/casino) was hospitalized in Las Vegas yesterday due to chest pains. That scared me. A man at my kickboxing gym in good health just went through that and didn't make it. I hope that Toni's story has a different outcome. She is still young, active in her career and very much in shape.
You know this news got me to thinking. I feel like God has been trying to teach me something. And it is a message about how to really live life to please and obey Him by His standards not the watered down, selfish, angry, and excuse filled model that many choose to take part in today. I've been listening to different stories about life and how it is not known how or when or why it ends when it does but i do know this: it is not promised that the life given to us will be long. I pray for Toni and her family now. And I pray for everyone here that they will not take their lives for granted. Strive towards being grateful, remembering what is REALLY important in this life (non material) and treating others with love and respect. I want a heart to obey God. And Lord please help me to work on it with faith daily. Amen.
"Does the LORD delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying the voice of the LORD? To obey is better than sacrifice, and to heed is better than the fat of rams. For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance like the evil of idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, he has rejected you as king"- 1 Samuel 15:22,23
The Juice ReportER
Posted by Miesha's Social Addiction at Wednesday, April 09, 2008
Labels: celeb health, God is..., toni braxton
1 comment:
I will definitely be praying for Toni. Maven you are so right things can happen so unexpectedly to someone who is close to you are maybe not. I do believe God is trying to get everyones attention. He got mines and I will fight to live a life that is obedient to his word and not some waterdown version of his word to fit my lifestyle. It's all about going against what feels good and do what is right!ReplyDelete
That's what I have to say. So what do YOU think? I thrive on conversation and insight. Agree or disagree or digress and leave a comment and express thyself..
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IN LIEU OF CRIMSON ROSES • by John Weagly
Kevin's fist flattened my nose against my face, the cartilage sprawling across my cheekbones, blood surging over my mouth and lips, my eyes filling with water. Bells went off inside my brain. The pain was like discordant music played on… Continue Reading


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Hi, I am currently more than 14 days in Bangladesh, I am trying to update my country in the profile but I does not give me any option, can you help?'
Hey @JAlfonsoAA,
Thanks for reaching out.
Spotify hasn't launched in Bangladesh yet, so you won't be able to continue using it until you're back in a country where it is available.
You can see the list of countries here.
Hope this helps :)
Hi - I am in Berlin Germany and I cannot update my country as it is "grayed out." I need to change it in order to make a payment. Can you help?
To ensure that we can offer you the best help that we can, could you please create your own thread? Doing so is easy. Simply select the appropriate board here, and then select "Start a Topic."
Thank you very much!
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Are you looking for a trusted attorney in Frederick MD? Facing issues with Immigration Law or Family Law can be stressful and emotionally draining for you and your family. Finding a knowledgeable and experienced immigration lawyer or family law attorney to help you understand the law, protect your rights, and help you navigate the Federal or State court system is the first and most important step you need to take.
We, at Sentelle Law, have the legal knowledge and litigation experience to advocate and fight for you and your family. The client cases we represent, we strongly believe in, cases we can passionately advocate for. We are committed to providing our clients with the highest standard of personal and professional service, and will use our legal expertise to work together with you to achieve your best outcome under the law.
Building trust with honesty and communication with our clients in every aspect of their case is essential.
Explaining the legal process is a priority. Our attorney will work personally with you to guide you in every step your individual situation requires. Amanda Sentelle, your local immigration and divorce attorney in Frederick, is easily accessible to our clients. She is committed to keeping you informed of the progress of your case.
Sentelle Law offers competitive rates and personalized payment plans as appropriate.
As your Frederick immigration lawyer or your Frederick family law attorney, let us help you develop the best plan to resolve your legal situation and regain your peace of mind.
Family Law
- Divorce
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- Visitation
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- Appeals to BIA
- Criminal Charges & Immigration
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- VAWA (Violence Against Women Act)
- Travel Documents


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What does fact checked mean?
At Healthfully, we strive to deliver objective content that is accurate and up-to-date. Our team periodically reviews articles in order to ensure content quality. The sources cited below consist of evidence from peer-reviewed journals, prominent medical organizations, academic associations, and government data.
The information contained on this site is for informational purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for the advice of a professional health care provider. Please check with the appropriate physician regarding health questions and concerns. Although we strive to deliver accurate and up-to-date information, no guarantee to that effect is made.
What Are the Side Effects of Whole Body Cleansing?
Whole body cleansing is a regimen that generally lasts seven to 10 days. According to the Mayo Clinic, these programs usually consist of a strict diet of juice, water, raw fruits and vegetables, and supplements. Whole body cleanses can produce some serious side effects. Although many people use detox programs to purge their systems of toxins, the Mayo Clinic says that there is little evidence to support this claim.
If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms, seek emergency treatment immediately.
Gastrointestinal Issues
Many people who embark on a whole body cleanse experience gastrointestinal issues. According to the book "Weight Success for a Lifetime," these symptoms can include diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Gastrointestinal issues can be quite serious because they can quickly lead to dehydration, which is something to avoid if you're already in a weakened state. Drink plenty of water and supplement your cleanse with electrolyte-rich beverages such as sports drinks if these symptoms last more than a few hours. If they persist for more than a day or two, it's advisable to halt the cleanse. See a doctor if the symptoms don't stop after you resume a mild diet. Do not exercise while you're participating in a full-body cleanse, as that can further exacerbate dehydration issues.
Headaches are a common side effect of whole body cleanses, particularly those that include little in the way of nutrition. They are your body's way of telling you that it requires sustenance. Though you may expect headaches during a cleanse, if they worsen over time or include blurred vision and lightheadedness, it's time to break the cleanse. "Simple Cleanse: The Weekend Cleanse and Intestinal Health" advises those with extreme symptoms such as these to drink some juice and eat 1/2 cup of cooked brown rice. If the symptoms go away soon after, you may continue the cleanse if you desire. If they do not, gradually ease yourself off the diet by eating more brown rice, along with half a banana, every two hours until you feel better.
Fatigue during a whole body cleanse is related to your body's plummeting blood sugar, as well as its lack of fuel to perform simple tasks. "Simple Cleanse: The Weekend Cleanse and Intestinal Health" says that you will probably require more sleep during a detox diet because your body can tolerate less stress and activity. If the fatigue is accompanied by fainting, dizziness or heart palpitations, stop the cleanse immediately and see a doctor. These issues can be symptoms of serious health problems and need to be checked out by a professional.
- MayoClinic.com: Detox Diets: Do They Work?
- "Simple Cleanse: The Weekend Cleanse and Intestinal Health;" Jerry Hutchens; 2005
- "Weight Success for a Lifetime;" Carol N. Simontacchi; 2005
- kieferpix/iStock/Getty Images


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The University Libraries offer both physical and digital spaces that support student and faculty success. From our multiple classrooms and meeting spaces, to our studios, flexible furniture layouts, and online presence, we aim to meet the needs of each user. Please follow the links to the right to discover our specific spaces.
Group Visits
If your group is interested in visiting the University Libraries, please fill out this form.
Learn More
If you are in Newman Library and would like to learn more about our spaces, take the University Libraries Self-Paced Tour (approximately 30 minutes). Go to Media Design Studio A (Torgersen Bridge 3320) to check out the tour, or book it in advance via bookings.lib.vt.edu. If you are an instructor who would like to assign the tour to a class, please fill out this form to be added to the system. You should do this before sending any students to take the tour. If you have questions, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Floor Maps
View floor maps here.


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What's New
By Lori Cormack Community Reporter firstname.lastname@example.com
Buckhaven Bowling Club has plenty to celebrate after receiving over £9000 worth of funding which has resulted in a brand new lounge. The club was given the funding - £9165 - by national awards scheme Awards for All after submitting an application last August. The refurbished lounge signals somewhat of a new beginning for the club, which is looking to attract more young people to engage with the popular pastime. David Duffy, Club Secretary, is delighted with the results. He said: "We would like to thank Awards for All for giving us the full amount that we asked for. It has allowed us to install new carpets, re-upholstered seating with fire-resistant foam, 12 new table tops and two new fire resistant doors.
He added: We hope the new lounge will benefit every member of the club, making it feel more welcoming and comfortable and hopefully encouraging new members to enjoy bowling and have fun. A lot of people have misconceptions that bowls is an old man's game, but it is hugely popular in Scotland and we want to show people that. The club has always had a strong connection with the local community and, last year, the coaches visited local schools in a bid to get children involved with bowls. We want to encourage kids to get involved with sport. There's not much to do in Levenmouth, but the kids can come here for free and we will do our best for them."


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Original Research ARTICLE
Front. Neuroeng., 16 March 2010 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fneng.2010.00002
Development of a method to compensate for signal quality variations in repeated auditory event-related potential recordings
Applied Electronics Unit, Department of Electronics, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
Graduate School of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
Finnish Centre of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, Helsinki, Finland
Reliable measurements are mandatory in clinically relevant auditory event-related potential (AERP)-based tools and applications. The comparability of the results gets worse as a result of variations in the remaining measurement error. A potential method is studied that allows optimization of the length of the recording session according to the concurrent quality of the recorded data. In this way, the sufficiency of the trials can be better guaranteed, which enables control of the remaining measurement error. The suggested method is based on monitoring the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and remaining measurement error which are compared to predefined threshold values. The SNR test is well defined, but the criterion for the measurement error test still requires further empirical testing in practice. According to the results, the reproducibility of average AERPs in repeated experiments is improved in comparison to a case where the number of recorded trials is constant. The test-retest reliability is not significantly changed on average but the between-subject variation in the value is reduced by 33–35%. The optimization of the number of trials also prevents excessive recordings which might be of practical interest especially in the clinical context. The efficiency of the method may be further increased by implementing online tools that improve data consistency.
The averaging of the evoked potentials is a convenient way to reduce the level of interference when highlighting event-locked electroencephalographic (EEG) responses (Picton et al., 1995 ). Thus, in spite of the increasing interest in single-trial analysis, averaging is still the most commonly used method to recover event-related potentials (ERPs) from noise (Davila and Mobin, 1992 ). The average ERPs, however, are distorted by, for example, latency jitter (e.g. Gibbons and Stahl, 2007 ), amplitude variations, external interference, physiological artifacts, noise, and measurement errors during the experiment (Leonowicz et al., 2005 ). In addition to that, the within-subject and the between-subject variations in the responses also affect the measurement outcome (e.g. Pikvik et al., 1993 ; Lang et al., 1995 ). Even though the average level of interference is reduced in this process (Picton et al., 1995 ), the test-retest reliability of the responses on a single-subject level is too low for clinical applications (Lang et al., 1995 ; Sinkkonen and Tervaniemi, 2000 ; Dalebout and Fox, 2001 ; Beauchemin and De Beaumont, 2005 ; Kujala et al., 2007 ; Duncan et al., 2009 ). The mismatch negativity, for example, has been estimated to have a test-retest reliability of just over 0.5 (Sinkkonen and Tervaniemi, 2000 ), 0.46–0.71 (Frodl-Bauch et al., 1997 ), or 0.56–67 (Pekkonen et al., 1995 ).
The replicability of the responses depends on the test subject, type and presentation of the stimulus, the response studied, and the electrode location (Pekkonen et al., 1995 ; Frodl-Bauch et al., 1997 ; Sinkkonen and Tervaniemi, 2000 ). The test-retest reliability of the N100 response, for example, is higher than that of the mismatch negativity (MMN) because of the better latency stability (Pekkonen et al., 1995 ). In addition, the variation in the remaining level of interference also affects the test-retest reliability (e.g. Sinkkonen and Tervaniemi, 2000 ). This explains why the replicability of the response to the standard sound tends to be superior to the less frequent ones (Pekkonen et al., 1995 ). The test-retest reliability can be influenced by careful experiment design. However, as the initial amount of noise and the level of interference will vary anyway, the quality variation should also be compensated.
The basic problem is that the number of trials recorded is typically constant, while the initial quality of the signal changes between and during experiments. Consequently, the remaining measurement error is subject to variation which affects the comparability of the responses and the test-retest reliability. Several methods have been suggested for cleaning the data (e.g. Effern et al., 2000 ; Quiroga, 2000 ; He et al., 2004 ) and to adjust the averaging process to cope with the alternating signal quality (e.g. Woody, 1967 ; Davila and Mobin, 1992 ; Woldorff, 1993 ; Jaskowski and Verleger, 1999 ; Wang et al., 2001 ; Leonowicz et al., 2005 ; Gibbons and Stahl, 2007 ). However, even though the average signal quality could be improved, this does not compensate the insufficiency of the data. Alternatively, it would also be possible to increase the length of the experiments. In practice, however, fatigue, for example, may affect the neuropsychological phenomena (Picton et al., 1995 ; Ding and Ye, 2003 ; Boksem et al., 2005 ; Muller-Gass et al., 2005 ; Thornton, 2008 ) and the risks of equipment-related errors also increase with time (Mühler and von Specht, 1999 ; Rahne et al., 2008 ). As the amount of artifacts and sudden changes in the signal quality are not predictable, the sufficient number of trials cannot be reliably predefined (Möcks et al., 1988 ; Sinkkonen and Tervaniemi, 2000 ). Thus, the length of the experiment should rather be defined online with respect to the concurrent data quality.
In this study, the implementation of a novel autoadaptive recording procedure for auditory event-related potentials (AERP) is suggested. It aims at optimizing the length of the experiment with respect to the initial quality of the data recorded. The qualities being monitored are the contribution of noise and the remaining measurement error. The idea is to keep on recording until they meet a predefined threshold. This way, the quality of the results is guaranteed and the length of the experiment is optimized. The objectives of the study are to define appropriate estimators for the quality tests and to study the influence of the compensation on the test-retest reliability in a simulated AERP experiment. Feasibility, technical requirements and developmental aspects will be discussed on the basis of the results.
Procedure Description
The procedure involved cycling three phases (Figure 1 ): preprocessing, quality estimation, and decision making. The analysis was performed trial-by-trial and the decision as to whether to continue the experiment or not was made at the end of each cycle. First, the trial being analyzed was filtered and tested to detect possible artifacts and the contaminated trials were rejected. Then, the maturity of the accumulating average was estimated on the basis of the contribution of noise and the remaining measurement error. They were compared to predefined threshold values and the experiment was concluded if both the criteria were met.
The data used in the demonstration was taken from an MMN study (Pakarinen et al., 2007 ). Each trial lasted from −50 to +450 ms from the stimulus onset. The data was lowpass filtered (0–30 Hz) and the baseline was corrected on the basis of the 50 ms prestimulus interval. These are typical filter settings for this kind of data (Pekkonen et al., 1995 ; Pakarinen et al., 2007 ; Duncan et al., 2009 ). Artifacts were detected by testing the amplitude of the response and trials exceeding ± 40 µV were rejected.
Additionally, variation in the physiological response may also affect the accumulating average. Latency variation, in particular, is harmful because it flattens the amplitude of the peaks in the average waveform (e.g. Thornton, 2008 ). Several methods have been suggested to correct the error (e.g. Woody, 1967 ; Woldorff, 1993 ; Wang et al., 2001 ). None of these, however, were considered to be feasible online and, thus, were not included into the procedure.
Figure 1. The autoadaptive recording procedure. The data recorded is analyzed one trial at a time and the experiment is continued until the quality of the accumulating average meets the predefined criteria. The qualities being tested are the contribution of noise (pnoise) and the remaining measurement error (ERR). Prior to qualitative testing, the trial being analyzed is lowpass filtered, baseline corrected, and tested for artifacts.
Estimation of the Contribution of Noise
The purpose of the noise test was to evaluate the mean level of interference in the accumulating average waveform. In particular, the test was supposed to indicate the contribution of white noise so that the significance of the responses could be assessed.
T-test is commonly used to test the statistical significance of noise over the single trials in AERP studies (e.g. Picton et al., 1995 ). By definition, it estimates the probability of the null hypothesis that the value being tested is a random sample from a normal distribution with a mean of zero and unknown variance, against the alternative that the mean is different from zero. Typically, if the probability of the null hypothesis is smaller than 0.05, it is likely that the contribution of noise is negligible or small (Ewens and Grant, 2005 ).
In the current context, the one-sample t-test could be applied by testing a peak in the average response, the statistical significance of which would represent the general quality of the whole waveform. The auditory N100 peak in the average waveform, for example, is relatively stable and typically easy to obtain. Thus, it could be a well-suited option for the purpose. On the other hand, the application of the t-test requires exact knowledge of the latency of the peak to be tested and the localization may prove laborious because the latency varies between trials. Thus, a simpler estimate would be preferable in terms of computational efficiency.
Alternatively, the statistical significance of noise may also be estimated from the respective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (Sackett, 2001 ). Compared to the one-sample t-test, the computation of the SNR is simpler and it can also be applied to test the whole waveform at once. Although the accuracy of the estimation might be worse, it may still be capable of providing the number of trials required to obtain significant responses with reasonable accuracy. Derived from Möcks et al. (1988) , the effective SNR can be estimated from the difference of the consecutive trials by eqs 1–3.
Here, Pavg,n represents the average power of the noise, Pavg,s represents the power of the average response, µN is the average of N trials, xi represents the ith trial, and the time frame of the trial is [t0, T]. Furthermore, the SNR values exceeding one are interpreted to indicate zero significance, because statistical significance may only have values between 0 and 1.
Estimation of the Remaining Measurement Error
The purpose of testing the remaining measurement error was to be able to estimate the stability of the accumulating results and the magnitude of the change that could still be expected. In particular, the test was supposed to indicate the magnitude of the remaining interference peaks and the uncertainty in the average waveform resulting from variations in the physiological response. In order to estimate the measurement error, two alternative estimators were considered: a convergence-based estimator and a direct estimator of the measurement error. Both alternatives derive from comparing partial averages of the data and the computation of the estimates is simple.
The convergence rate represents the magnitude of change in the average waveform as new trials are included into the sum. It can be calculated online by comparing the consecutive averages. The comparison is made with respect either to the amplitude or the form of the responses. The similarity of the form of the responses can be estimated on the basis of the correlation. The calculation of the parameter is straightforward and it provides a reasonable estimate of the similarity of the whole waveform. On the other hand, the form of the whole curve is often irrelevant and it would be more interesting to estimate the maximal error in the peak amplitudes. This could be assessed better from the differences in the consecutive averages. Thus, the convergence rate-based error estimate εc was calculated according to eqn. 5.
where N is the total number of averaged trials and xi represents the ith trial included into the sum.
Alternatively, the measurement error can also be estimated directly by computing the difference of two independent averages extracted from the data. Following Schimmel (1967) , the direct estimate of the measurement error εd was calculated from the difference of the average of the odd and the even trials according to eqn. 6.
where N is the total number of averaged trials and xi represents the ith trial included into the sum. The difference of the even and the odd average represented the remaining error in the response. Thus, the maximum of the waveform could be considered to be representative of the maximal error.
Evaluation of the Procedure
Test data
The methods applied in this study were evaluated by simulating their performance with real data. With the authors' permission, the data used were taken from Pakarinen et al. (2007) . In that study, the multi-feature MMN paradigm was applied to obtain an auditory discrimination profile by using harmonic sinusoidal sounds. The standard tones were composed of three sinusoidal partials (523, 1046 and 1569 Hz). They were presented at an intensity of 60 dB above the subject's hearing threshold and the length of the stimuli was 75 ms (including 5 ms rise and fall times). The deviant tones differed from the standard tones in frequency, intensity, duration, or perceived sound-source location and the magnitude of the deviation varied across six levels. The probability of the standard tone was 0.5 and the probability of each deviant tone at each level was 0.125/6. The length of each recording session was 90 min and the number of trials recorded was 5472 for the standard stimulus and 225 for each deviant stimulus (Pakarinen et al., 2007 ).
For the concurrent study, data from eight test subjects was available. These data were used to simulate a series of repeated experiments with each test subject and they were each permuted 100 times to create artificial test runs. However, in order to avoid creating permutations that were too similar, datasets that were too small had to be rejected. The expected length of a single simulated experiment was about 200–600 trials. Therefore, only the standard datasets were applied. In addition, the evaluation was further limited to only the one channel having the largest SNR with respect to the physiological response (Fz referenced to the mean of the mastoids). Thus, the test data accepted for the study included eight datasets with over 5000 trials, from each of which 5% to 19% was still rejected because of artifacts.
In short, the quality estimators were tested first in order to verify the plausibility of the tests and to be able to define appropriate thresholds to be applied in the online procedure. Then, the procedure was finalized on the basis of the results and the benefits from using the active compensation were studied by comparing the application with the use of a fixed number of 200 trials. The tests prepared for the evaluation are summarized in Table 1 .
Table 1. Evaluation of the novel procedure and the quality estimators applied. The estimators are evaluated fi rst to justify their use and to define appropriate criteria for the tests. Then, the benefi ts of using the compensated procedure are studied by comparing the application with the use of a fi xed number of 200 trials.
The plausibility of the SNR estimator was evaluated by comparing the application with the use of a one-sample t-test. The t-test was made for the N1 component of the average AERP waveform. N1 was parameterized using an average time window of 40 ms placed at the peak maximum of an individual waveform at 80–140 ms. First, the SNR was computed as a function of the statistical significance of noise in order to determine a criterion that would correspond to the t-test (pnoise < 0.05). Then, both parameters were applied to estimate the required number of trials to obtain a statistically significant response in order to see how they match. In order to justify the use of the SNR test, the correlation was supposed to be high. The limit for approval was chosen to be 0.8, which indicates high correlation.
The measurement error estimators were evaluated by studying their relevance to the validity of the measurement outcome. First, the estimators were computed as a function of the validity of the respective partial averages. Then they were compared on the basis of the sensitivity, distortion and the amount of the calculus required. Validity was estimated by the correlation of the partial averages and the expected outcome. The expected outcome was estimated by computing the sorted average (Rahne et al., 2008 ) of each dataset. The trials were sorted on the basis of the respective interference level and they were averaged starting from the best one, until the SNR of the average started to decrease. The remaining trials were discarded and the average with the maximum SNR was considered to be the optimal outcome. Sorted averaging maximizes the SNR of the average curve (Rahne et al., 2008 ). Thus, it was considered to be a well-suited reference for the test.
The last parts of the evaluation dealt with the actual application of the procedure. First the use of the selected measurement error estimator was studied with respect to the feasibility in order to define two alternative threshold values for the test. Two such values were defined: one that would lead to recording 200 trials on average and one that represented the most stringent requirements still plausible in most cases (p = 0.6). Then, the application was simulated again with the concluded thresholds and the resulting test-retest reliability was compared with the results obtained when the total number of trials was fixed at 200. The feasibility was estimated by the probability of the requirements being reached with fewer than 300 trials on average. Test-retest reliability was computed using the one-way intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), because it provides more accurate results than the simple Pearson's correlation coefficient (Farahat et al., 2003 ).
Evaluation of the SNR Test
According to the results (Figure 2 A), in general, the SNR estimation indicated a smaller significance than the t-test and the correlation of the single observations was only moderate (p ≈ 0.5). A probable reason for this was that the SNR test assessed the average significance of noise in the whole waveform, while the t-test focused on a single peak in the response. On the other hand, the SNR estimator could still be applied to verify the realization of the significance criterion (pnoise < 0.05). Generally, it was met when the SNR exceeded 0.69. Using this value as a detection threshold, the required number of trials only exceeded the results from the t-test by 4 ± 17 (mean ± SD) trials (Figure 2 B). The correlation of the estimations was about 0.86, which suggests that the SNR estimator could be considered to be plausible.
Figure 2. Estimation of the contribution of noise using the one-sample t-test and SNR estimator. (A) Estimated SNR as a function of the statistical significance of noise (pnoise) that was estimated using the one sample t-test. (B) The number of trials required to realize the significance criterion on the basis of the one sample t-test (pnoise < 0.05) and the SNR test (SNR > 0.69).
Evaluation of the Measurement Error Estimators
According to the results (Figure 3 ), the convergence-based estimate was a linear function of the validity, while the direct estimate had a quadratic relation. Thus, the convergence-based estimator would be simpler to apply. On the other hand, both estimators were quite distorted and the direct estimator was more sensitive (3.6 µV/unit) than the other one (0.42 µV/unit). In this respect, the direct estimate would be a better choice. In terms of computation time, the difference between the alternatives was considered to be insignificant. They both included an update operation, difference calculation and finding the maximum. The direct estimator also included an additional absolute value operation which, however, did not cause significant difference to the computation time. Thus, as a whole, the direct estimator was considered to be preferable and was chosen to be implemented into the procedure.
Figure 3. The remaining measurement error as a function of the validity of the respective partial average with respect to the expected outcome. (A) The remaining error assessed using a convergence rate-based estimator. (B) The remaining error assessed using a direct estimator.
Evaluation of the Feasibility and the Influence on the Test-Retest Reliability
Figure 4 A presents the required number of trials, the feasibility of the test, and the test-retest reliability with respect to the remaining measurement error as given by the direct error estimate. The criterion that is achieved with 200 trials on average is 1.5 µV and the criterion that has a feasibility of 0.6 is 1.2 µV. These values were applied in the last phase of the evaluation. The resulting test-retest reliabilities in the simulated repeated experiments are presented in Figure 4 B.
Figure 4. Influence of the compensation on the test-retest reliability. (A) Test-retest reliability (ttr), feasibility of the requirements (p), and the required number of trials as a function of the remaining measurement error. (B) Test-retest reliability obtained when the number of trials recorded was constant (N = 200) and when the novel procedure was applied withan error threshold of 1.5 µV and 1.2 µV. Mean test-retest reliabilities across the test subjects are indicated with horizontal lines.
On the basis of the results (Table 2 ), the variation in the test-retest reliability between test subjects was reduced by 0.1 and the average test-retest reliability was improved by 0.01–0.06, depending on the measurement error threshold applied. The required number of trials in the novel procedure was 209 ± 60 (mean ± SD) when the threshold was 1.5 µV and about 310 ± 78 (mean ± SD) when the threshold was 1.2 µV. Thus, the variation between the test subjects was improved, although the average number of trials recorded was not greatly altered. The increase in the mean test-retest reliability, on the other hand, was achieved by increasing the number of trials. Thus, the feasibility dropped with the improved test-retest reliability.
Table 2. Results from the simulated series of repeated AERP experiments with eight test subjects. The tests were made by using the novel procedure (SNR > 0.69 and ERR < 1.5 μV/1.2 μV) and a comparative procedure (N = 200). Test-retest reliability (ttr) was estimated by using ICC. α represents the mean value, s represents the standard deviation and Δ represents the range of variation.
The results of this study show that the compensation for the variation in the data quality has significant relevance for the remaining measurement error and the reproducibility of the average AERPs. In the simulated series of repeated experiments, the test-retest reliability was improved by 2–9%, on average, and the variation in the value between the test subjects was reduced by 33–35%. In addition, the compensation also improved the measurement efficiency. When the number of trials recorded was a constant 200, the average resulting test-retest reliability was about 0.69. In the novel procedure, the number of recorded trials was optimized and similar results could be achieved with about 209 ± 60 (mean ± SD) trials, depending on the data quality. Thus, the length of the experiment could be decreased when the signal quality was high enough (about 40 % of simulation runs).
The findings of the study might be of practical interest particularly in the clinical context. On the one hand, the method suggested will simplify the comparison of results from repeated measurements. The level of distortion is minimized, while the number of trials is optimized. Thus, the differences between repeated measurements are more likely to occur because of the differences in the neuropsychological condition of the test subject. On the other hand, the improvement of the measurement efficiency is also an important factor. If the number of recorded trials is constant and the quality of the outcome is supposed to be high, the number of trials recorded must also be high in order to minimize the possibility of error. Some groups of patients, such as children or acutely ill patients, may not tolerate long experiments. The optimization of the number of trials prevents excessive recording, while the sufficiency of the data to obtain meaningful AERPs is still guaranteed. Thus, application of this kind of active compensation might reduce the negative impact of the investigation on them.
Regarding future developments, the efficiency of the method might be increased if the cleaning procedure and the artifact processing scheme were improved. Although most of the results were in line with each other, the results obtained using dataset 8 seem to deviate from the others. The estimation of the statistical significance was less accurate and the test-retest repeatability deviated from the others, particularly when the number of trials included was kept constant. This suggests that the variation in the quality of the data was higher than in the other datasets. Thus, the implementation of advanced means for signal processing might improve the quality of the results.
The findings of the study indicate that the method suggested could be applied to compensate for the changes in the quality between repeated AERP measurements. Practical investigations, however, are needed to confirm the results and to gain further information about application of the method, the possible issues and the impact in practice. From the practical perspective, the predefinition of the measurement error criterion is particularly interesting. The suitable threshold is application-specific and depends on the response studied. Thus, the recommendations have to be prepared case sensitively. In general, the successful implementation of the method requires high signal quality, a reliable method for online artifact rejection, and a device capable of both recording and analyzing the EEG data. The efficiency may be further improved by implementing an advanced tool for online data processing.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationship that could be construed as giving rise to a potential conflict of interest.
We thank M. Linnavuo and P. Eskelinen for valuable discussions. The work was supported in part by the Graduate School of Electrical and Communications Engineering, the Society of Electronics Engineers and the Finnish Centre of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research.
Boksem, M. A. S., Meijman, T. F., and Lorist, M. M. (2005). Effects of mental fatigue on attention: an ERP study. Cogn. Brain Res. 25, 107–116.
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You may have chosen Australia as the best country to invest your money. But do you have enough resources to support your goal? You are right with the word "best" to describe Australia when it comes to investment. The country got strong and consistent economy, thanks to the business sector. This is mainly the reason why many investors are applying for business visa for Australia. They want to strike whilst the iron is hot. While Australia is blooming, they travel down south and experience growth.
But not all ventures got to experience what they are expecting. Some go straight to their downfall because of several reasons, usually mismanagement. Yet, if your immigration visa for Australia is mainly to start a business, there is nothing you should be scared of. Because Australia's financial sector is standing strong to rescue any potential businesses that are in need.
Th financial service sector of Australia serve as the centre of the Asia-Pacific Region. It is the country's fourth largest contributing sector. The finance and insurance sector is as big as the mining sector. What made Australia a notable capital markets activity in Asia is its highly developed financial markets. Their large and mature financial services sector has assets of more than A$4.3 trillion, which is equivalent to almost four times GDP.
Australia's financial sector:
- Has one of the largest pools of funds under management in the world, now standing at around A$1.3 trillion (US$850 billion), with more than 70 per cent of this being superannuation (pension) funds.
- Has the largest stock market by free-float market capitalisation in Asia (ex Japan), currently standing at around US$533 billion.
- Has the fastest growing foreign exchange market in the Asia-Pacific and seventh largest market in terms of global turnover. The Australian dollar (A$) is the sixth most traded currency and the US$/A$ is the fourth most traded currency pair.
- Is the second largest debt securities market in region (ex Japan) in terms of the issuance of both international and domestic debt securities. The country has more international debt securities outstanding than any other Asia-Pacific nation and ranks fourth in the region in terms of domestic debt securities.
- Has the largest securitisation market in Asia-Pacific and the fourth largest value of issuance in securitisation assets globally behind the US, the UK and Spain.
- Has the fourth largest insurance market in the Asia-Pacific and the 12th largest in the world in terms of premium income.
- Is the largest merger and acquisition (M&A) market in the region and sixth most active globally, with a market share of 4.1 per cent of completed deals for 2007-08.
- Has the largest hedge funds market in the region with total assets surging to over US$70 billion in 2007.
- Has debt and equity markets that are amongst the most liquid and sophisticated in the world with new products emerging (exchange traded CFDs, Property Derivatives, Carbon Trading).


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It's not hard for a well-funded state-sponsored hacking group to break into corporate networks and compromise systems with malware, but what's challenging for them is to keep that backdoor and its communication undetectable from a firewall and other network monitoring applications.
However, acyber-espionage groupknown as "Platinum," that is actively targeting governmental organisations, defense institutes, and telecommunication providers since at least 2009, has found a way to hide its malicious activities from host-based protection mechanisms.
Microsoft has recentlydiscoveredthat the cyber-espionage group is now leveraging Intel's Active Management Technology (AMT) Serial-over-LAN (SOL) channel as a file-transfer tool to steal data from the targeted computers without detection.
Intel-based chip sets come with an embedded technology, called AMT, which is designed to allow IT administrators to remotely manage and repair PCs, workstations, and servers of their organisations.
The Intel AMT technology operates independently of the operating system and works even when the system is turned off, as long as the platform is connected to a line power and a network cable.
That means, when AMT is enabled, any packet sent to the PC's wired network port will be redirected to the Management Engine and passed on to AMT – the operating system, as well as network monitoring applications installed on a system, never knows what's going around.
Moreover, Linux systems with Intel's chips and AMT enabled may also be exposed to Platinum's malware.
"As this embedded processor is separate from the primary Intel processor, it can execute even when the main processor is powered off and is, therefore, able to provide out-of-band (OOB) remote administration capabilities such as remote power-cycling and keyboard, video, and mouse control (KVM)," Microsoft said.
"Furthermore, as the SOL traffic bypasses the host networking stack, it cannot be blocked by firewall applications running on the host device. To enable SOL functionality, the device AMT must be provisioned."
Unlike theremote authentication flawdiscovered last month that enabled hackers to take overfull control of a systemby using AMT features without the need of any password, Platinum does not exploit any flaw in AMT, instead, requires AMT to be enabled on infected systems.
Microsoft notes that SOL session requires a username and password, so either the hacking group is using stolen credentials to make its malware remotely communicate with the C&C servers, or"during the provisioning process, PLATINUM could select whichever username and password they wish."
The Platinum hacking group has been using zero-day exploits,hot patching techniqueand other advanced tactics to penetrate in their target systems and networks in South Asian countries, but this is the first time someone is abusing legitimate management tools to evade detection.
Microsoft said it has already updated its own Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection software that will alert network administrators of any malicious attempts at using AMT SOL, but only for systems running Windows operating system.


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Our home has 2 bedrooms with queen beds and pull out sofa in living room. Also on the property is a bunkhouse with bunk beds to sleep 4. Use of 3 kayaks and 2 bicycles along with snorkeling gear included.View
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I certainly WILL NOT miss part of 2016, June 30th I lost my Dad to a heart-attack. It was a REALLY F*ed up year!!! At least the election cycle went my way.. and THE CUBBIES WON the World Series... HOLY COW INDEED...
It took my 6 months to finally get my head together and get focused on working again, oh yeah I forgot to mention that because My head was in the gutter, I couldn't show up on time to work, so I was fired (with the option of being rehired) but I needed half a year to really sort stuff out, I also lost my apt, I'm at a friends house in the meantime... Until it warms up again, I'll have to put up living in a flippin' basement.
I know that that was a lot of personal stuff to disclose but I have to vent it out somewhere
I honestly HOPE TO GOD 2017 isn't a massive everyone I know passing away kind of year.. for ONE YEAR I'd like to NOT have to attend a family members funeral.
My message from My perspective of what MIGHT have saved my Dad's life, take your prescription pills.. Extend your life a little bit more, just flat out refusing didn't help my Dad it won't help you... So if you OR a relative are stubborn as a mule about pills... Just remind yourself/them that DYING SUCKS WAY MORE than having to pop pills. My Father was cremated, my Other family members never had the chance to see him one last time in body form, he was in a 4"x10" ash box, it was HIS WILL not to have a traditional funeral but a celebration of life party with Dean Martin era music, and whatever else he listened to..
So here's to 2017! May it be one heck of a GLORIOUS YEAR, it will be one epic day Jan 20th Sorry but I DID NOT WANT TRUMP, I voted for GOV.Kasich in the primaries. BUT in the interests of NOT WANTING Another Clinton era, I voted for Mr. Trump, I want the Republican party united in tearing OBAMACARE APART, except the 26 year old extension & pre-existing conditions thing... everything else can GO AWAY.. the FINES ARE CHEAPER than the coverage!!! Affordable healthcare, MY FOOT..
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When the Sony hacks went down late last year, sources pointed to a disgruntled employee who might have opened a back door to let the hackers (Guardians of Peace) in. The actual cause was later found out to be a malware software program that was installed on Sony's computer infrastructure to erase data from the servers. With that in mind, here are some prominent mechanisms used by hackers today.
1. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
DDoS attacks render a network unavailable to its users by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. Attackers build a network of 'botnets', which are infected computers that spread malicious software through emails and websites that allow these machines to be remotely controlled.
The 3 common forms of DDoS attacks are Smurfs, Teardrops and Pings of Death. Smurf attacks broadcast the victim's spoofed source IP to a computer network causing devices on it to send a wave of replies and flood the victim's computer with traffic. Teardrop attacks send mangled IP fragments with over-sized payloads to crash operating systems. Pings of Death send malicious ping packets of a size great enough to crash target computers.
A recent example would be the case of a DDoS attack on Sony's PlayStation's network that caused it to go down (Dec, 2014).
2. Backdoors
Backdoors are infrastructures that bypass normal authentication, securing unauthorized remote access to a computer while remaining undetected. Backdoors often take the form of an installed program or default passwords that are not changed by the user.
A recent spate of password leaks point to the use of hacking through the use of backdoors in the form of third-party apps. Snapchat hackers obtained 100 000 private photos while Dropbox hackers obtained 7 million usernames and passwords. These were all obtained by exploiting third-party apps and websites with vulnerable security.
In the case of the website Insecam we see how default passwords provide backdoors to hackers. In November last year, Insecam displayed over 70,000 unsecured webcams from all around the world. The majority of them were CCTV and IP cameras that streamed on publicly accessible network ports using default passwords. This allowed hackers with web-crawling robots to gain admin access to the stream.
3. Man-in-the-middle (MITM) Attacks
MITM involves the hacker having the ability to both monitor and broadcast messages into a communication channel. For instance, a hacker within range of an unencrypted Wi-Fi access point can insert himself as the man-in-the-middle and intercept messages passing between two victims and inject new ones.
One recent case involves the use of the malware "Superfish" by Lenovo, which hijacks a user's Internet connection and forces them to see ads approved by the company. This enables hackers to easily pose as trusted institutions (eg. Banks) to obtain sensitive information. In effect, hackers at a WiFi hotspot can intercept all connections from Superfish users.
With the proliferation of WiFi-enabled technological devices, hackers are now able to use devices to appear as that trusted WiFi network or even broadcast a fictitious network name. The danger lies in how accessible public WiFi is such that people are completely unaware how easily their information can be hacked. Decryption software on these hacking devices can easily work around security measures on WiFi networks.
With hacking being an ever present threat to personal and data security, government intervention leaves much to be desired in terms of enacting legislative laws that prohibit the use of hacking devices and provide stiffer penalties for cases of hacking. However the ultimate roadblock is how the nature of hacking transcends geographical boundaries and becomes increasingly harder to detect as technology rapidly advances.
As such, it would appear that solutions would be primarily user-centred at the moment. Straightforward solutions would be for users to use different passwords for different accounts; not to trust unverified websites and to minimize the transmission of sensitive information over unsecure networks where possible. The onus is largely on individuals to be responsible users and protect themselves from being vulnerable to hackers.
Cook, James. "Here's Everything We Know About The Mysterious Hack Of Sony Pictures," Business Insider Singapore, published 4 Dec 2014.
Digital Attack Map, "What is a DDos Attack?," Last accessed 24 Feb 2015. http://www.digitalattackmap.com/understanding-ddos/
Biggs, John. "Insecam Displays Unsecured Webcams From Around The World," Techcrunch, published 7 Nov 2014. http://techcrunch.com/2014/11/07/insecam-displays-insecure-webcams-from-around-the-world/
BBC News, "Xbox and PlayStation resuming service after attack," published 27 Dec 2014. http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-30602609
Stone, Jeff. "Millions of Lenovo PCs Vulnerable To 'Superfish' Hack; How To See If You're Affected," International Business Times, published 19 Feb 2015. http://www.ibtimes.com/millions-lenovo-pcs-vulnerable-superfish-hack-how-see-if-youre-affected-1821360
Martijn, Maurits. "Maybe Better If You Don't Read This Story On Public WiFi," Medium, published 14 Oct 2014. https://medium.com/matter/heres-why-public-wifi-is-a-public-health-hazard-dd5b8dcb55e6


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Living & Working in Great Places
Thanks for being here! The six of us at CoolWorks welcome you and wish you success in finding your Jobs in Great Places®!
if i have just filled out applications to work in Alaska in this past week, do you think i still have a shot at getting hired ... or is it way too late?? i am really hoping and praying that this can…Continue
Tags: year, round, job, summer, denali
Started this discussion. Last reply by Kiersten Mar 29, 2013.
How is the job search going? Any luck? I hope you are having a fun, and adventure filled summer. Have a great July 4th weekend and an even better conclusion to your summer / 2013!


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(CNN) -- China lowered flags to half staff on Wednesday as the nation mourned the 2,039 people killed in last week's 6.9-magnitude earthquake, the State Council said, according to Chinese state media.
Another 195 people were still missing following the quake that shook northwestern China's Qinghai province last Wednesday, the state-run Xinhua news agency said, citing rescue headquarters.
Rescue officials said 12,135 people were injured in the disaster, with 1,434 of them in serious condition.
Since the quake struck the country's Tibetan region, rescuers have been working round the clock to find survivors and pull them from the rubble.
The earthquake toppled about 15,000 homes in and around the impoverished county of Yushu, and caused more than 100,000 people to flee the area.
Qinghai province is home to about 5 million people and is considered a gateway to Himalayan Tibet.
About half its people are Han Chinese, but the area is home to more than 40 ethnic groups, including Tibetans, Hui and Mongols.
Since the quake struck the country's Tibetan region, rescuers have been working around the clock to pull survivors from the rubble.
The earthquake toppled about 15,000 homes in and around the impoverished county of Yushu, and caused more than 100,000 people to flee the area.
Earlier, Premier Wen Jiabao traveled to the earthquake-devastated zone to inspect the damage and assure victims that the search would continue.
"Your suffering is our suffering," Wen said. "We are going through the same pain as you are. The family members you lost are also our family members, and we grieve for them as you do."
Wen surveyed the rubble of buildings and spoke with residents in the predominantly ethnic Tibetan region -- where anti-government sentiment is simmering -- to drive home Beijing's concern.
Are you there? Send your photos, video, stories
Ethnic Tibetans have accused Chinese soldiers of not doing enough to help in the immediate aftermath of Wednesday's 6.9-magnitude earthquake. That's an allegation the Chinese government denies, but Wen's visit could help boost morale -- at least among rescuers, some of whom are battling high altitude sickness.
"As long as there is a slight hope, we will never give up," he said. "We need to unite as one, to do a good job in our rescue work. At the same time, I assure everyone, that we will definitely make life good here again."
Wen and Chinese President Hu Jintao postponed planned foreign trips because of the disaster.
The premier postponed a scheduled visit to Brunei, Indonesia and Myanmar. Hu called the presidents of Chile and Venezuela to postpone his mid-April visits to those countries.
How to help: Impact Your World
"During this difficult time, I need to be home as soon as possible together with our people providing relief," he said.
In Jiegu, the town closest to the epicenter, people were taken to a sporting field serving as a makeshift hospital -- there are no hospitals in the town.
More than 85 percent of Jiegu's poorly constructed mud and brick houses collapsed. They were homes for ethnic Tibetans, among China's poorest people making a living as farmers and herdsmen.
Along the town's main street, all that was left of two hotels was a pile of rubble. Residents and monks used hand shovels and ropes to clear debris in hopes of reaching survivors.
Thursday's rescue effort was hampered by unstable bridges and collapsed roadways, making it difficult for heavy equipment to get to hard-hit areas, including Jiegu.
But after five hours of digging, rescuers were able to pull four survivors from a guest house in the area Thursday afternoon, state television reported.
Authorities have said more than 1,000 people were saved in similar rescues.
Officials have sent 20,000 cotton tents, 50,000 items of winter clothing and 50,000 quilts to victims.
Can buildings be made earthquake-proof?
The quake shook the region shortly before 8 a.m. Wednesday (Tuesday 8 p.m. ET), when many residents were still at home and schools were just getting started for the day.
Qinghai province in northwestern China, home to about 5 million people, is considered a gateway to Himalayan Tibet. About half its people are Han Chinese, but the area is home to more than 40 ethnic groupings, including Tibetans, Hui and Mongols.
The region, rich in natural gas and marked by copper, tin and coal mines, has a long history of earthquakes. Since 2001, 53 quakes with a magnitude of 5.0 or greater have occurred, according to China's Earthquake Administration.
World's biggest earthquakes since 1900
The Chinese government has allocated 200 million yuan (US$29 million) to aid the relief effort, China's Ministry of Civil Affairs said.
U.S. Ambassador to China Jon Huntsman Jr. presented two checks worth a total of $100,000 to the Red Cross Society of China and the Qinghai Provincial Red Cross.


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Ecommerce KPI Dashboard
Monitor what matters: orders. Get notifications if something goes awry. Trends and forecasting give you insight into how your store is performing. The Order Monitor Agent collects and aggregates data, enabling you to setup alerts based on order volume, aov, discounts and much more. Compare your metrics to yesterday and your average to see if you're trending up or down. Forecasting allows you to predict the sales for the day.
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Indiana University Bloomington
Indiana University Bloomington
IU Bloomington
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This is the most systematic discussion of semiotics yet published." —Choice
A bravura performance." —Thomas Sebeok
Nöth's handbook is an outstanding encyclopedia that provides first-rate information on many facets of sign-related studies, research results, and applications." —Social Sciences in General
WINFRIED NÖTH is Professor of English Linguistics at the University of Kassel, Germany. Nöth is the author of several books and numerous articles in the fields of linguistics and the semiotics of art, literature, and the media.
""This is the most systematic discussion of semiotics yet published." —Choice
"A bravura performance." —Thomas Sebeok
"Nöth's handbook is an outstanding encyclopedia that provides first-rate information on many facets of sign-related studies, research results, and applications." —Social Sciences in General"
History and Classics of Modern Semiotics
Sign and MeaningSign — Meaning, Sense, and Reference — Semantics and Semiotics — Topology of Signs: Sign, Signal, Index — Symbol — Icon and Iconicity — Metaphor — Information
Semiosis, Code, and the Semiotic FieldZoosemiotics, Ethology, and Semiogenesis — Communication and Semiosis — Function — Magic — Structure — System — Code — Teaching
Language and Language-Based CodesVerbal Communication: Introduction — Language in a Semiotic Frame — Arbitrariness and Motivation: The Language Sign — Paralanguage — Writing — Universal Language — Sign Language — Language Substitutes
From Structuralism to Text Semiotics: Schools and Major FiguresIntroduction — Structuralism, Poststructuralism, and Neostructuralism — Russian Formalism, Prague School, Soviet Semiotics — Barthes's Text Semiotics — Greimas"s Structural Semantics and Text Semiotic Project — Kristeva's Semanalysis — Eco
Text Semiotics: The FieldText Semiotics: Introduction — Hermeneutics and Exegesis — Rhetoric and Stylistics — Literature — Poetry and Poeticalness — Theater and Drama — Narrative — Myth — Ideology — Theology
Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication: Introduction — Gesture, "Body Language," and Kinesics — Facial Signs — Gaze — Tactile Communication — Proxemics: The Semiotics of Space — Chronemics: The Semiotics of Time
Aesthetics and Visual CommunicationAesthetics — Music — Architecture — Objects — Image — Painting — Photography — Film — Comics — Advertising
Fulfilling the Promise
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The Trustees of Indiana University,
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TC Group International Assigns Payman Abdali as Sales Manager HD in the Middle East
TC Group International is reinforcing its presence in the Middle East significantly by assigning Payman Abdali as Sales Manager. Abdali has more than 14 years of experience within the field – e.g. as Sales Manager for Yamaha – and will focus on the pro audio and broadcast markets that are growing rapidly in the Middle East.
"I am happy to have Payman Abdali onboard the TCGI HD Sales Team. Payman has been a friend of ours for many years and has as a freelancer, been involved in major TC projects in his home country, Iran. I look forward to develop our presence in the Middle East together with him," says VP of International Sales HD Ole Jensen.
Abdali will be based in Tehran, Iran, as well as in the TC Group International office in Dubai, The United Arab Emirates, and will be responsible for HD sales in Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Bahrain and The United Arab Emirates.


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If you love the outdoors and feel like you have already explored all the outdoor adventures that exist. You may want to give paddleboarding a try. Paddleboarding is sweeping the nation and growing in popularity all the time.
Paddleboarding is a water activity that involves standing on a very large surf board and paddling through the water with an oar as you float along on the board. Many local marinas have started renting paddle boarding equipment because it has become so popular.
The initial attempt to stand up on the board is the trickiest part, but once you have made your way onto your feet, the balancing becomes much simpler and you can usually maintain your balance surprisingly well.
People have made the sport of paddle boarding more extreme by taking the boards from the lakes where they became popular to the ocean and some people even paddle board down rivers. It's a little like surfing the river as you shoot the rapids standing up on a paddle board. If you want to give it a try, you can paddle board on the Colorado River on a guided tour starting at $99 through Stand Up Paddle Colorado. If white water on a stand up paddle board, sounds a little intimidating you could have your first river paddle boarding experience on the East Coast through Hudson River Recreation who offers a two hour, sunset instructional tour of the river on a stand up paddle board.
If you want to have the best success possible, you can practice standing up from a kneeling position. Squats and lunges are great exercises to build up the muscles you will need to be able to maintain your balance as you transition from kneeling to standing on a paddle board. Renting a paddle board at a lake for an hour is a great way to start for beginners. In the Seattle, Washington area you can rent a paddle board at Green Lake for $18 an hour. In Santa Cruz, California you can rent a paddle board for the entire day for just $30 on weekdays and $34 on weekends through Covewater Paddle Surf.
Another great tip is to be sure to wear affordable sunglasses. You will want to protect your eyes from the sun that is reflecting from the water, but your odds of falling into the water, sunglasses and all is pretty high. Pugs sells great affordable sunglasses, so you can focus on your board and not worry about losing expensive sunglasses to the bottom of a lake. If you're worried about falling, you might want to try a pair of goggles to give you confidence.


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P2A Journey - Duy Tan University Vietnam to Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2018
From October 10 to 13, 2018 students from the Faculty of Architecture from Duy Tan University set their foot on Malaysia to visit a P2A's member school- University of Technology, Malaysia (UTM) and various tourist destinations in the city. The journey gave the students the chance to explore the beauty of Malaysia as well as learn new knowledge about their major. Let's take a look at the moments of all participants in their trip, which would be one of the best memories in their year ❤😆
✅ These are some activities of the whole journey:
- Welcome Session at UTMKL Residensi
- UTMKL campus tour, visit Architectural Studio
- Visit National Monument
- Visit KL City Gallery
- Visit Sultan Abdul Samad Building
- Visit Central Market
- Visit Guan Di Temple (Buddhism Temple)
- Visit Sri Mahamariamman Temple (Hindu Temple)
- Visit Petronas Twin Towers (KLCC)
- Visit Masjid Putra (the principal mosque of Putrajaya)
- Visit Putra Perdana (this houses the office complex of the Prime Minister of Malaysia)
- Visit Putrajaya International Convention Centre (PICC)
- Alamanda (grand shopping center)
- Astana Morocco (Morroccan Pavilion)
- Closing meeting and journey reflection at UTMKL
2019 P2A Journey - Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore to Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" University Indonesia


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Comments on 'Harsh Words'
Please note: These comments are the personal opinons of members, and do not represent any sort of official judgement, even if they are made by people in club management. Everyone deserves respect for their creativity; but if you find a negative comment on one of your works, please don't take it personally. On the other hand, genuine personal attacks are not tolerated and any comment containing them will be deleted as soon as we discover it!
|Submitted By
|Sofia Lindström
New! Entered: 2016-03-04
|So much character development here! I love how Newt and Brightwood ended up "pitted against each other", since Newt isn't the kind of elf who generally ends up in conflicts - he's more likely to step in and smooth such things over. Very interesting to see how this echos forward between them and the rest of their shared family! Also, I sympathize with Brightwood stepping on toys - had many a LEGO-piece flashback while reading this XD
|Peggy B.
New! Entered: 2015-11-04
|Sometimes it is good to get a reminder that Brightwood can be quite a piece of work... and very harsh and outspoken. I really like that fire in her but also feel sorry for those who are the target of it. I am kinda proud of Newt that he stood up against her so well in this story.
Joan, I simply love your style. And I am really glad you took over Brightwood. She is blooming in your hands!
|Holly H.
New! Entered: 2015-09-29
|It's really interesting to see in this story that Newt definitely comes across to me here as a young-adult, not at all a child any longer. And it's not just that he stands up to Brightwood, though that's partly it -- it's that her anger at him is leading her to treat him as more of a peer and less of a child, really.
When reading these stories about Brightwood's strong feelings regarding all the humans, I often have to take a moment to remember and appreciate what she went through. It was more horrific than most of us can understand, and therefore than most of her tribemates can really understand, either. And really, that does include Newt. I'm not saying he's wrong. Just that there's a reason for Brightwood's viewpoint that sometimes seems too easy to forget.
But I like that he stands his ground, nonetheless.
|Beth K.
New! Entered: 2015-08-15
|Ooh. From the beginning this is great, I love how she categorizes Otter and the younger tribesmates into a 'they don't know any better' group. It's a great contrast to how she immediately reacts to the human words. Brightwood is so vibrant when she's angry. I really love how you can string her words together, and make her sound so believable. The little touches of her trying not to fling hurtful words freely balanced against her reactions to the ones that do hurt are really powerful. And the glimpses into her future hopes are chilling, but understandable. Newt is a perfect foil here - he has such strength in his refusal to feel guilty or back down, and the deep emotions under his responses are fantastic to read. He says he showed belly more than Cinder but proves that it no longer applies to him.
|Ingrid G.
New! Updated: 2015-08-11
|So much here, and all wonderful! I like how Newt is seen as every bit Greenweave and Cloudfern's son and how Brightwood could see the fathers' individual traits in him... Brightwood reminds me of modern people who really would try to poison wells and murder the enemy, even after a war was over. The revenge feeling is so great, she's stepping on toys, cracking them ~ more guilt!... And Newt is such a great therapist, I would pay him!! Wow, nice job!


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Seiko Wall Clock With Pendulum & Chime
As you make a new home together, deliberately filling your home with comforting sounds is a great first step. This mission-style chiming clock will create a memorable soundtrack for your new life.
Dark brown pendulum wall clock
Westminster/whittington quarter-hour chime, hourly strikes
Volume control, automatic chime silencer
One "c" battery included


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Philippefraser needed a new web page design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 31 designs submitted by 8 freelance designers.
Bilingual Nurseries
I run a group of three bilingual children's nurseries. I have a main site which lists all 3 nurseries: http://www.bilingualnurseries.com
We cater for children aged 1 to 5 (depending on the nursery).
I would like to have a more united look & feel for our various websites - to make them use similar fonts and colour schemes.
I would also like a unifying logo or text "Brought to you by Philippe Fraser Bilingual Nurseries" on the websites (that we will also use on our adverts)
The main site is: http://www.bilingualnurseries.com
the two other sites I'd like are:
I'd like a design for each of these three pages.
Please ignore http://www.lespetitesetoiles.co.uk (as it is a joint venture and outside the scope of this design brief).
The idea is to get a more unified approach, whilst keeping different names & logos!
I forgot to say, will the winner please include all fonts in the final version!


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How To Sell Your Photos Online For Money
Welcome to today's article – How To Sell Your Photos Online For Money.
If you want to make money online selling your photos I have found a really great website.
Getting started is really simple and all you do is go ahead and download the app.
The free app is available for download on Android and also iPhone.
Once downloaded you simply:
- Take a picture.
- Upload the picture.
- Give it a category using hashtags.
- Set your prices.
Then you start earning money every time somebody goes ahead and purchases one of your photos to use.
I have recorded a short video showing you a bit more information or feel free to continue reading below.
Now you may be wondering why would anybody want to buy one of my photos?
They are literally thousands of different companies online who are looking to purchase stock images and photos.
This can be anything from using your photo for their social media accounts, it could be for their marketing campaigns.
Even bloggers like myself use these sites to purchase photos.
In the past I have bought images for my blogs, I have bought photos for Pinterest and I've also bought them for some Facebook ad campaigns.
Clashhot is very easy to get started with and it can be broken down into 5 steps
I really like the profile feature on Classhot.
It is very easy to use and it breaks everything down for you in detail.
It gives you a breakdown of your earnings, statistics and you can invite your friends from different social media platforms and get them involved also.
You can also upload images from your different social media accounts.
The best thing about uploading to Clashot– Sell my photos online for money.
This will become a passive income for you.
Once you've uploaded a picture it will remain on the site until you remove that.
So this means you will be earning money from that picture until you remove it.
Imagine waking up in a morning and seeing people have bought your photos and you've made money.
If you are already uploading your pictures onto Instagram it will take you one minute longer to upload it onto here and potentially get paid.
Overall I think this is a great way to earn some extra money online without much work.
The minimum withdrawal on this platform is $50 and all payments are made via PayPal or Skrill.
That's enough for this article – sell my photos online for money.
If you are looking for more ways to earn online check out my work from home category by clicking here or the image below.
Finally, if you want more ways to earn money online be sure to join my FREE member's area.
Below are a few screenshots from the member's area and what is inside waiting for you.
For more ways to earn online check out my most popular article by clicking the image below.
Thank you again for reading today's article – Sell My Photos Online For Money.
Take Care & Keep Smiling
Learn More / Earn More / Save More / Start Living More
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I've been collecting links to share. And I'm too lazy to write. So, here's what I've got:
I thought that saying I'm an organ donor on my driver's license was enough, but apparently it's not. So here's a form for New Yorkers to fill out to register as organ donors.
I thought that this video, created by a girl with her sisters to support The Girl Effect, was awesome. Her mom must be so proud!
New Moon Girls has a list of Girls Choice Books.
Have you heard about Khan Academy? If you or your kids want to learn about something–math, art history, economics–there are tons of free tutorials.
The family of a woman who died of liver cancer on December 15th is collecting breast milk for her newborn baby Violet. They live in Dutchess County and there's a drop-off spot in Coxsackie, but if I hear of someone collecting closer, I'll update this. Update: Call 813-9290 or 788-7821 if you want to donate locally. This is a friend of a friend of that Katie girl whose blog you read, if that's enough of a reference for you!


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The motive the coins flip positions has extra to do with your fingers dexterity, than gravity. If you are a fan of Club Penguin looking for one other fun virtual world to play or a mother or father in search of information about other secure on-line video games like Club Penguin for your baby (or children) then this web page will show to be an invaluable resource. Either means, these apps present lots of studying enjoyable before you spend real cash for academic apps. Chemikul is a web based science/ chemistry-based game that can send you on an atomic mind-bender of confusion – as well as present infinite hours of enjoyment!
Money Makers – In this 2-half lesson for kids in grades 3-5, students develop into actual business owners and be taught the basics of constructing a business. The cons of enjoying video video games comes from the truth that most are played in the dead of night bedrooms of right this moment's teenagers. Some of us are lucky sufficient to revisit that joy with video games geared in the direction of adults.
While video games sparsely is just not a nasty factor; over doing it could trigger social problems. This is such an excellent useful resource for these in search of file folder games to bolster studying with the fun and a bit little bit of challenge. Pros: many imo – for me personally it was certainly that I might speak english (not a local english speaker naturally) way before many from my technology and since I performed some german video games I did have a somewhat good understanding of german. Analog games have confirmed to be especially effective with struggling students and students with disabilities.
This means measuring their progress towards a set of criteria created by the designer or by the standards of the participating educational institutions. Kids can search for, discover, download and consume all types of age applicable studying material from the comfort of their own residence. And whereas fast review games have their place, the very best games of any type are people who draw you in and won't let go. One small survey has reported that kids who performed instructional games were much less likely to undergo from attention issues in school.
I hope this hub useful for us as a father or mother and we can give the best to our youngsters. The games cartridges themselves are at the moment priced at just below $20 (from Amazon), and on every cartridge you sometimes get three interactive studying video games primarily based on the characters. We're creating the world's 1st Chemistry Role Playing Game for teenagers aged 10 – 14.


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07-06-2014 09:09 PM - edited 07-07-2014 11:18 AM
Lenovo IdeaPad S400 Windows 8 Keys do not work. g, h, arrow up, and quotation mark keys stopped working. What could this be???
one minute keys work- next minute keys do not work.
Dear tfwhite89
Welcome to Lenovo forums
Please try getting the battery out and the disconnect the charger and press and hol don the power button for 20 sec and then check and let me know
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09-01-2018 06:12 PM - edited 09-01-2018 06:14 PM
Hi dear Lenovo support family , I have same problem in same computer , İ,G,H,Z,X,C,M and some other not working, ı tried you answer solution but it not worked, from Turkey, wındows 10