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Public Event in Amsterdam
An Economist's Guide to Economic History is all about showing academic and professional economists what they have been missing by not engaging with the field of economic history. But publishing the book was just the start of our project; we now have to get the message out to the wider public that the study of our economic past is not just very cool, but it is also very useful.
I have just had a sabbatical from teaching at Queen's, and was based in the Netherlands for a great part of it, working on monetary policymaking during the interwar period. While there, I discovered the absence of economic history from university economics curricula was particularly noticeable. Although the Netherlands has one of the most prolific groups of economic historians working in academia today, at Utrecht University, the Rethinking Economics NL student action group recently found the field is (almost) entirely absent from undergraduate economics programmes - even in Utrecht!
To help make people aware of the problem, and to discuss possible solutions, the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study is putting on an event on 18 September 2019 on the future of economic history in economics pedagogy. This public event will take place at SPUI25, the University of Amsterdam's academic-cultural centre located on Spui, at the heart of the city.
We have a really great line-up of speakers for the panel discussion. Besides myself, we have Sam de Muijnck (from Rethinking Economics NL), Esther-Mirjam Sent (Professor at Radboud University, and member of the Upper Chamber of Dutch Parliament), and Jarig van Sinderen (Professor at Erasmus University, and Chief Economist of the Netherlands' Competition Authority). Oscar Gelderblom (Professor at Utrecht University) will chair the discussion.
You can find more details about the event, which will take place in Dutch (!), on the NIAS website. Capacity constraints limited us to 100 participants; you can register by visiting the SPUI25 website.
VIdeos, Op-Eds and Interviews
Some news-in-brief:
What Next?
I have had just over a week now to recover from the Economic History Society's annual conference, which we hosted in Belfast on 5-7 April. We had 261 registered delegates, presenting 152 papers in 46 sessions and two plenary lectures over three days. I think the conference was outstanding, which is all down to the excellent organisational skills of the EHS's administrative secretary, Maureen Galbraith, supported by our small army of postgraduate students. Thanks to all!
Palgrave Macmillan hosted a reception at the conference to celebrate over 12,000 ebook downloads of An Economist's Guide to Economic History. It was an opportunity for the book's contributors and readers to come together and think about what next in our quest to Make Economic History Great Again. We had some great suggestions for additional chapters for the second edition. And we also got some interesting ideas on how to make this website useful for colleagues using the book in their teaching.
One idea, which Matthias and I very much share, is to generate, and curate, teaching-ready audiovisual economic history material. Something I do in my own teaching is let the authors I am discussing speak about their own work in the form of a short video snippet. For senior academics I am usually able to find something good online, which I can then edit down to size; there are many great podcasts and videos involving economic historians out there to use (for example, the EHS films its plenary lectures). But this is more difficult to do for junior scholars. And so we will now embark on a campaign to encourage colleagues to generate new audiovisual material, starting with the contributors to the book!
While on the subject of videos, we have another book promo video for you. If you recall, we hosted our book launch in Belfast back in January, and Econ Films covered the day for us. They have just completed a video reportage of the events of the day. Enjoy!
economic history's coming home
Invitation: Celebratory Reception for An Economic's Guide to Economic History
Venue: Publishers' exhibition area, Economic History Society, Belfast
Time: 18:15-19:00, Friday 5 April
Queen's University Belfast is proudly hosting the 2019 conference of the Economic History Society, and delegates will soon be arriving at Belfast's two airports. The full conference programme is available over at the EHS website.
I am particularly excited about two our keynote lectures. Our very own Graham Brownlow will provide delegates with a local flavour in his plenary lecture on Friday, which is entitled 'Back to the Failure(s)? DeLorean and Northern Ireland's Other Troubles'. Meanwhile, Gavin Wright's Tawney lecture on Sunday is entitled 'Slavery and Anglo-American Capitalism Revisited'.
As always, there are a number of interesting fringe events at the conference, including a poster session, book launches and museum visits. Among them, I am very pleased to announce that Palgrave Macmillan will be hosting a celebratory reception for An Economist's Guide to Economic History. After all, we have a lot to celebrate: the book has been downloaded more than 11,000 times since December! The reception will take place in the publishers' exhibition area of the conference venue, between 18:15 and 19:00 on Friday 5 April. Wine will be served, and all are welcome!
As many of the book's contributors will be present, we will try and use the opportunity to talk about next steps in our mission to Make Economic History Great Again (MEHGA). In particular, how can we make it even easier for economists to engage with economic history? How can we use this website to enhance the contents of the book? And what additional material should we commission for the next edition of the book?
I look forward to welcoming you all to Belfast!
Another Week, Another Video
This semester, I am lucky enough to be among the 40 fellows in residence at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences in Amsterdam. This interdisciplinary institute, moulded after the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, hosts scholars conducting research from across the humanities and social sciences, from art history to epidemiology. We even have a poet!
I am working on the Dutch experience of the interwar gold standard. This is a co-authored project with Philip Fliers. We will be presenting a work-in-progress version of our paper at the Economic History Society Annual Conference in Belfast, in April.
As part of this project, I am about to start reading various biographies of Hendrikus Colijn, the prime minister in charge when the Dutch economy started going south in the 1930s. Colijn was a steadfast believer in gold, despite all the evidence that maintaining the link between the guilder and this precious metal was a really bad idea. How did he justify his policy beliefs?
An Economist's Guide to Economic History is all about learning from the past. Today we don't use gold standards. And most countries have abandoned fixed exchange rates. Yet I believe there remains lots to be learnt from the Netherlands in the 1930s.
As my NIAS colleague Bas Jacobs explains in his current research, Europe's recovery from the 2008 crisis was worse than its recovery in the 1930s. This is also the case for the Netherlands, which did particularly badly in the 1930s. Just as Colijn was enthralled in the dogma of gold, politicians and central bankers today also appear to also captured by long-debunked economic theories.
Book Promotion Video
Video is probably the most important media format on the internet today. We are all constantly watching them. Often we watch them without the sound, relying just on the subtitles. And usually they are very short pieces of communication of less than 2:20 minutes (the maximum allowed by Twitter!).
I think that academics don't engage enough video. This is a missed opportunity, because video allows us to reach new audiences beyond our lecture theatres and seminar rooms.
A video have the potential to act as an "access drug", enticing viewers to download and read our books and articles, the pieces of academic communication we are more used to producing.
The barrier for most academics in producing video communications, however, is expertise. While it is easy enough to make a video, it is not at all easy to make a good video. Academics need help!
We have been very keen to make some video material to introduce the arguments of our book to potential readers. And with the generous financial support of Queen's Management School, we were able to commission Econ Films to do just that! We think it has turned out rather well.
We announced the publication of the book in two important newsletters earlier this month.
The first is the Economics Network's Newsletter. The Economics Network is the UK-based subject network for teaching and learning in economics. Supported, among others, by the Royal Economics Society, it aims to "enhance the quality of learning and teaching throughout the Higher Education economics community". The network curates an excellent website of teaching resources, and organises very useful training events for new university lecturers. I hope we can work with the Economics Network in future when thinking about designing new material that will help lecturers to implement our book's vision of greater engagement between economists and economic historians.
The second is the Max Weber Programme Newsletter. The Max Weber Programme is the interdisciplinary postdoctoral programme of the European University Institute. Every year, the programme hosts about 60 fellows from across the social sciences, and from around the world. All are at the very start of their academic careers. Fellows are usually very eager to learn about new ideas for research and gain valuable advice to improve their teaching. I am an alumni of the programme and look back on my time in Florence very fondly. I think that many of the alumni of the Max Weber Programme will share our book's aim of Making Economics Great Again (MEGA).
You can read the Economics Network's Newsletter here, and the Max Weber Programme Newsletter here.
Book Launch Event
An Economist's Guide to Economic History was officially launched at Riddel Hall, Queen's University Belfast, on Friday 18 January 2019.
The launch coincided with a roundtable discussion on the past, present and future of economics as a discipline, with a particular focus on how it is taught at university and understood by the general public.
Panellists included:
The roundtable was introduced by Dr Chris Colvin (Queen's University Belfast) and moderated by Dr Matthias Blum (Queen's Univresity Belfast), the book's editors. The second half of the workshop was moderated by Romesh Vaitilingam CBE (Communicating Economics)
The discussion on the day centered around answering five questions:
The workshop, which was attended by academic and professional economists and the general public, was filmed by Econ Films. A video of the event will be posted here soon.
A short press release for the book launch event (in MS Word format) can be downloaded here.
Straight to Paperback
Textbooks are extremely expensive. As former students ourselves, we are conscious of the fact that this expense may prevent, or at the very least restrict, access to necessary teaching materials.
For this reason, we have made sure An Economist's Guide to Economic History went "straight to paperback" and is therefore affordably priced. We hope that this enables students to purchase their own personal copies.
The paperback version of the book is now available for purchase directly from the publisher, through major online retailers, and from all good bookshops. We will also be selling copies at the book launch event in Belfast on 18 January (at the discounted price of £20).
The Ebook Is Here!
It has taken a little longer to arrive than planned, but An Economist's Guide to Economic History is now be available as an ebook, priced at just £22. That is 50 chapters, 500 pages, or 4.4 pence per page; a very good deal!
If you have ordered the physical paperback edition, it should arrive in a couple of weeks - hopefully just in time for Christmas/New Year.
If your university's library has access to SpringerLink, why not try-before-you-buy? Following this link:
Chris Colvin is an economic historian based at Queen's University Belfast, UK.
August 2019


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Privacy policy
This privacy policy sets out how Art and Design Castle uses and protects any information that you give Art and Design Castle when you use this website.
Art and Design Castle is committed to ensuring that your privacy is protected. Should we ask you to provide certain information by which you can be identified when using this website, then you can be assured that it will only be used in accordance with this privacy statement.
Art and Design Castle may change this policy from time to time by updating this page. You should check this page from time to time to ensure that you are happy with any changes. This policy is effective from 25 May 2018.
What we collect
We collect the following information:
- Contact information including name and email address via our online shop
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What we do with the information we gather
We require this information to understand your needs and provide you with a better service, and in particular for the following reasons:
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We will not send you any promotional material or marketing campaign.
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When you visit this website, we use a third party service, Google Analytics, to collect standard internet log information and details of visitor behaviour patterns. We do this to find out things such as the number of visitors to the various parts of the site. This information is only processed in a way which does not identify anyone. We do not make, and do not allow Google to make, any attempt to find out the identities of those visiting our website.
We are committed to ensuring that your information is secure. In order to prevent unauthorised access or disclosure, we have put in place suitable physical, electronic and managerial procedures to safeguard and secure the information we collect online. All information collected via our online shop will only be kept for a maximum period of 12 months.
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Business Analysts - Up to £45,000pa plus benefits - Based in Sheffield
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Due to continued growth and service demand from expanding business, we are looking to develop the permanent BA team to ensure the retention of knowledge across client accounts and the ever-growing Employee Benefits business.
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You must have experience across IT, Implementation, Testing and Training; creating documentation, working towards shared goals and co-ordinating directly with these interfacing project teams.
We are primarily looking for, as aforementioned, strong BAs that will be goal-orientated and determined to assist in the progression of the business.
There is a very clear and defined progression structure within the teams at Capita Employee Benefits. Along with excellent business exposure, training and development, it is standard practice to promote internally as the first port of call for all vacancies.
If this sounds like the opportunity for you, please apply with your CV. If you have any questions, please contact Stephen on 07523502513.
Capita IT Resourcing is acting as an Employment Agency in relation to this vacancy.
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DIY Astro Guide: What Your Horoscope Means This Week, 3/28/2016
After a leisurely Easter weekend spent with family and friends, this is going to be one of those "buckle down and get things done" kind of weeks. Brace yourself for a slew of end-of-the-month wrap-up projects that may leave you feeling strained by the weekend. Speaking of Fri-yay, start plotting your April Fools' Day pranks now by getting all of your colleagues and friends in on the merriment. Bookmark these leftover Easter candy recipes for the weekend + scroll down to see what the stars have in store for you in this week's AstroStyle horoscope.
Aries: March 21 – April 19
Before March is up, you'll want to make sure to tackle your monthly to-do's. Between clearing the air with any co-workers and breaking ground on spring cleaning, make this week a game-changing one. Think of it this way: The more productive you are during the week, the more you can let loose on the weekend.
Read This: Increase your productivity with this easy organizational hack that will totally transform your workspace. Sign us up. (Photo via Brit + Co)
Taurus: April 20 – May 20
Get ready to say buh-bye to at least one bad habit this week. Whether you start limiting your caffeine intake or make a vow to work out more, there's no time like RN to get the ball rolling. Whatever you do, don't be afraid to ask for help along the way. Build a network of support (friends! fitness buddies!) that you can rely on when the going gets tough.
Read This: Speaking of workin' on your fitness, check out these seven YouTube workouts you can do with a friend. Talk about the ultimate BFF sweat sesh! (Video via Runtastic Fitness)
Gemini: May 21 – June 20
Oh yeah, your inner social butterfly is ready to come out and play all this week! Don't take the beautiful spring weather for granted — plan a double date in the park or grab your bestie for a hike with an extra scenic view. Instead of gravitating toward your regular lunch crowd, put yourself out there by treating a new colleague to lunch outside on the veranda.
Read This: Start planning future road trips for these 15 art exhibits you HAVE to see this summer. You won't regret it! (Photo via Getty)
Cancer: June 21 – July 22
Despite what you may believe, your life is not in shambles. There's always a silver lining to every dark cloud — you just have to look for it. Be it a bad breakup or a work partnership gone awry, sometimes a fresh start is just the thing to get you feeling re-inspired and ready to conquer all of your goals. Make way for many positive changes on the horizon, Cancer!
Read This: Resist the urge to finish off a tub of your fave Ben & Jerry's ice cream — check out these eight ways to eat healthy after a bad breakup, according to experts. (Photo via Getty)
Leo: July 23 – August 22
Embrace a see-the-world-through-rose-colored-glasses outlook all this week, and you'll be feeling as good as new by the weekend. Put negativity on the back burner by starting each day with a renewed sense of purpose and making time for the things that you love. Between daily journaling and morning yoga, a little self-love is exactly what the doctor ordered.
Read This: Stress begone! Check out these three ways to instantly silence your inner critic. (Photo via Getty)
Virgo: August 23 – September 22
Romantic and platonic relationships reign supreme all this week as you take some time to talk it out. Leave long-time grudges in the past by letting bygones be bygones once and for all. Be it an ex from a relationship that ended badly or a current S.O., make amends now rather than later.
Read This: Moving in with your boo? Look no further than these seven essential convos to have before you move to a new city with your S.O. (Photo via Getty)
Libra: September 23 – October 22
Brace yourself for a week of flying emotions at work and in your personal life. Unfortunately, your convenient habit of sweeping things under the rug has just about run its course. Address office disagreements STAT to prevent any major showdowns from happening in front of the CEO of your company. Yikes! Use the weekend to air out any roommate drama that could result in a potentially awkward breakfast encounter down the road.
Read This: Whatever you do, don't call it quits until you've checked out these three steps for how to save your failing relationship. (Photo via Getty)
Scorpio: October 23 – November 21
Repeat after us: Spring cleaning does not have to be a chore. Start small by organizing your makeup drawers before moving onto the big monstrosity known as your closet. Sprinkle in some fun interior updates — like a new mirror, some whimsical jewelry trays and a spring-y set of throw pillows — and it won't even feel like you're tackling a big to-do.
Read This: Put all of your precious baubles on display with these 21 clever ways to organize your jewelry. (Photo via MEKU Designs)
Sagittarius: November 22 – December 21
With spring officially in full swing, a sartorial update is in order. Pull out your brightest pastels and playful prints, 'cuz this is your week to shine. As you round out your spring capsule wardrobe, you may be tempted to try out a fresh 'do or an exciting new makeup routine that will put your signature cat eye to shame.
Read This: Not just restricted to Easter Sunday, we've got 18 rainbow hairstyles prettier than an Easter egg. (Photo via @hairandothers)
Capricorn: December 22 – January 19
Don't be afraid to ask for some much-needed "me" time as the workweek takes its toll on your personal sanity. If turning your spare bedroom into an art studio is your idea of a low-key weekend at Chateau Capricorn, than go for it! Whatever you do, channel relaxation, not stress.
Read This: Start beautifying your bathroom with these three refreshing decor ideas for spring. Whether you're a self-proclaimed prepster or a minimalist enthusiast, it's all here! (Photo via Brit + Co)
Aquarius: January 20 – February 18
You will be a busy, busy bee with more meetings and spring RSVPs than you can handle. Choose to do less by streamlining your affairs for the week (and beyond) by only committing to events that you love more than Netflix.
Read This: Kick back, relax and check out these 10 movies + shows to stream after you spring clean your Netflix queue. (Photo via CW)
Pisces: February 19 – March 20
Whether you're trying to raise cash for a Kickstarter venture or are saving for your spring getaway to the tropics, it's never too late to get your personal finances in order. While opening a lemonade stand won't bring in the moolah, a spring budget will. Start curbing your spending habits this week, and you may be soaking up the rays in Maui as early as May.
Read This: You heard it first: This amazing budget trick will help you actually save money. (Photo via Getty)
What are you planning to do this week? Let us know in the comments below, and don't forget to check out your full AstroStyle horoscope!
(h/t AstroStyle)


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iGaming solutions provider Aspire Global has partnered with Toronto-listed supplier NYX Gaming Group, enabling it to offer more than 1,000 to clients.
The games will be made available to Aspire clients via integration with NYX's game aggregation platform OGS, with a selection of games already live for .com, UK and Danish markets.
Initial launch titles from NYX's game development studio NextGen Gaming include 1 Can 2 Can, Double Play Superbet, Jackpot Jester 50k and Jackpot Jester Wild Nudge.
"I am happy to announce that we have strengthened our partnership with NYX, which will enrich our offering, providing our partners with NYX's extensive game portfolio," said Aspire Global VP of product and technologies Galit Shani-Michel.
"The addition of NYX is an important milestone in our perpetual effort of product improvement, and I am pleased to announce that the launch was smooth and successful. I am confident that the addition of so many great titles will contribute to an ever-improving player experience, which in turn, will help propel our partners' success."
NYX chief commercial officer David Flynn added: "The ongoing growth of NYX OGS is testament to the quality and range of content offered by the platform. We are delighted that this partnership with Aspire Global boosts operator access to our games in a number of key markets."
Shares in NYX Gaming Group Ltd. (Co. Data) (CVE:NYX) closed in Toronto Thursday up 5.56 per cent at CAD$1.14 per share.


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Saturday reader's view: Shoots for kids are really fun
To the editor:
Many in Midland are probably unaware of an exceptional and fun activity available for very little money right here in Midland County. Mid-Michee Bowman's Club, located off M-20 on Nine Mile Road is fun for the whole family. They just wrapped up another exciting year of archery league for both adults and children.
I want to thank Mike and Leshia O'Keefe who have made the children's league a success for at least the past two years that my children have attended. They are two outstanding people who make league night fun for all the kids. Without them, the children's league would not exist. This year each child received a medal at the end of the league for their efforts thanks to White Tails Unlimited and Dave Luckett of Midland Steel.
If you have ever considered archery or your children have shown an interest in becoming "Robinhood" please join us next year at Mid-Michee for leagues. There are bows available for children and plenty of instructors to teach the kids.
Throughout the summer there will be 3D shoots which allow families and friends to walk through a beautiful wooded setting, aiming and shooting at animal targets and enjoying a simple meal with friends after the shoot. If you would like more information, please go to www.midmichee.org where you will find dates for the summer 3D shoots as well as information on leagues for the fall.
Again, thank you to the Mid-Michee board, the O'Keefe's, Midland Steel and White Tails Unlimited for their support this archery league season. The kids have another priceless memory of the sport of archery.


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What is the difference between Re-test and Regression Testing?
Regression Testing - Testing the application after a change in a module or part of the application for testing that is the code change will affect rest of the application.
You have tested an application or a product by executing a test case. The end result deviates from the expected result and is notified as a defect. Developer fixes the defect. The tester executes the same test case that had originally identified the defect to ensure that the defect is rectified.
Regression Test
Developer fixes the defect. Tester re-test the application to ensure that the defect is rectified. He also identifies a set of test cases whose test scenario sorrounds the defect to ensure that the functionality of the application remains stable even after addressing the defect.
On the other hand, if a particular functionality had undergone a minor / major modifications, the tester tests the application to identify defects in the changed functionality followed by the execution of certain set of test cases sorrounding the same functionality to ensure that the application is stable.
It is really very good information.
Thank you so much
If some other information you have then please mail me or comment on this site
Thank you
If you develop your tests before you write the programs, then you will know when coding is done, because the tests all pass. Then if you ever change anything, you run the same tests (and additional ones, as mentioned to test any new functionality), all of them, and if it passes, stop coding.
Regression testing:- We all know that development Life Cycle is subjected to continuous changes as per the req..of user.suppose if there is a change in the existing system which has already been tested. it is essential that one has to make sure that this new changes made to the existing system do not affect the existing functionality. foe ensuring this regression testing is done.
Thanks & Regards,
i was asked this question in interview ....
"is regression testing done only after a change or modification is done in the program,is it not done when a bug is found and fixed?"
....i was confused and said it is done in both cases
...what is the correct answer?
Regression testing:- We all know that development Life Cycle is subjected to continuous changes as per the req..of user.suppose if there is a change in the existing system which has already been tested.
I will give simple example where we have 2 modules i.e. Module A and Module B.suppose I have made changes in Module A
Retesting : Testing Module A only
Regression Testing : Testing Module A and Module B.
yes, it is done in both cases..
Regression testing- we re-execute the test cases on the following criteria-
1. T.C which is dependent on the bug fix or enhancement
2. T.C for f(x) which has shown high probability of failure in past.
3. T.C of a f(x) important for the end user.
Ashok Sharma
retesting: retesting the failed testcases after fixing the bugs by the developer...
regrussion testing: testing whether those changes impact rest of the application or not
may i knw what is test bed..??
track matrix?
colud you give me perfect anwer for this..??
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This is very nice and informative post
Thanks for the post on this mostly used topic. In my opinion:
Regression Testing is the execution of all or a select set of test cases which have passed on the previous build or release of the application under test in order to
validate that the original features and functions are still working as they were previously. These tests normally will not have already been executed against the
current build or release as normally only the new features and functions are tested prior to regression testing.
Retesting is the execution of one or a set of test cases which previously failed due to a suspected defect in the software which now is documented as being remedied.
Source: What is the
difference between Regression Testing vs Retest?
thank you for neat and clean explanation and please provide some examples also...
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Retesing means testing only those bugs which are fixed to make sure that they r really fixed or not
Regression testing means testing the unchanged features to make sure that the application is not changed because of the modifications done to the previous build...
Some will call retesting as unit regression testing...
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The Frida Kahlo Museum
I am incredibly delighted I get to write about my heroine, my fashion icon, and a woman I like to learn from everyday. Frida Kahlo was a multifaceted diamond. She shined everywhere she set foot in and it wasn't necessarily because of her physical beauty. She always felt strange and flawed (same here girl!). I think she was beautiful but in that day and age she was so ahead of the time from the way she dressed to her forward thinking. She never felt she fit in. However, her genius turned these attributes in to a positive for the world to see and anyone that came across her path was immediately addicted to her. The artist was friends with Picasso, Leon Trotsky, Pablo Nuera and of course married to the most recognized muralist Diego Rivera. I admire her magnetism the most. She let her creativity glow from the way she dressed to painting her honest reality. As she once said, "they thought I was a surrealist, but I wasn't. I never painted dreams. I painted my own reality." And that day at her home, for the first and probably the last, I witnessed incredible beauty provoked by the deepest pain.
"Beauty and ugliness are a mirage because others end up seeing our interior."
—Frida Kahlo
The Frida Kahlo Museum AKA The Blue House is located in a pinturesque town called Coyoacan about 30 minutes from Mexico City. The Blue House is where Frida grew up and passed in 1954. She had a difficult life but she accomplished more than some of us could ever wish for. After the train accident, she had 22 back surgeries and a leg amputated but those who knew her never heard a complaint. Some claimed to not even know of her disabilities until the day she passed. She found clever ways to adorn her body to draw attention to her upper body and away from her legs and lower body. I like to think there is so much to learn from this concept in fashion. None of us are perfect and for as flawed as one may feel, there is a beautiful uniqueness to each one of us. Because no one else is exactly like you, so let it shine!
"I am my own muse. I am the subject I know best. The subject I want to better."
—Frida Kahlo
Dalí 💋
Learn more about The Frida Kahlo Museum here Spanish & Frida Kahlo English.
If you want to feel the energy and the serene feeling of the home make sure you get there before noon and if you can avoid weekends.The iconic dress from Vogue 😍 Contrary to belief the iconic photo by Nickolas Murray was never on the cover of Vogue Paris 1939. Vogue México finally published the famous photo in 2012 as an ode to the artist titled "Las Aparencias Engañan" (Appearances can be Deceiving).Frida after her leg amputation.Frida was the avant-garde epitome. Many of her pieces seem as though they are from today's fashion. This wardrobe exhibition was just discovered in 2004 and had been locked up for 50 years.She is the muse to many designers today like Jean Paul Gaultier (center), Comme des Garçons (right) and Dai Rees (left).Her work station on the second floor of the home.Frida inspired rocker Patti Smith in so many ways but it was a visit in 2012 that inspired her to write this song in the moment & perform it at Casa Azul. More here.
Any tips, comments or thoughts please share!
For her complete works & biography click here.


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ICAR Research Management Recruitment 2018 – 2019
Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board (ASRB) has released recruitment notification for filling various posts of Research Management in the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi and its Institutes. For this recruitment process, applications are invited from well qualified Indian candidates under certain eligibility criteria.
Recruitment Details:
Name of the Post: Director of National Institutes
Number of Posts: 3
Pay Scale: Rs. 75,000 (Fixed) plus Rs. 5,000 per month as special allowance.
Name of the Post: DDG
Number of Posts: 3
Pay Scale: Rs. 75,000 (Fixed) plus Rs. 5,000 per month.
Name of the Post: ADG
Number of Post: 1
Pay Scale: Pay Band – 4 of Rs. 37,400 – Rs. 67,000 plus RGP Rs. 10,000 per month
Name of the Post: Director/ Project Director/ Joint Director
Number of Post: 24
Pay Scale: Pay Band – 4 of Rs. 37,400 – Rs. 67,000 plus RGP Rs. 10,000 per month
Application Fee:
Applicants are required to pay an amount of Rs. 1,500 as application fee in the form of demand draft drawn in favor of Secretary, ASRB payable at New Delhi. (There is no application fee for SC / ST / PH / Women candidates)
How to Apply:
Candidates fill their application form completely, attach all essential documents and submit it in the prescribed format.
Read all important instructions and guidelines carefully before filling your application form.
Important Dates:
Last date for application form receipt: 4 June 2018 (19 June 2018 for candidates from abroad / remote areas)
All interested candidates must go through official notification, to get further essential information about this recruitment process.
For more details Click Here


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This weekend I received a clothing catalogue in the post from the House of Bruar.
It is amazing how this stuff like this winds up on my doormat. However, I guess I'm not alone. It can't be just me that has been singled out . BUT what genius, having mysteriously acquired my address and no doubt all kinds of other information based on my age and assumed social demographic, thinks I need to be clothed in at cashmere coat which costs £325 in the sale? Was I selected as part of a careful marketing approach? Did someone at sometime ask me if I owned my own home and what newspapers I buy and deduce that I'd be just the House of Bruar type? Or do these things just get sent randomly? A scatter-gun approach in the hope that if you post enough volume you'll find a single customer from the 200,000 or so of addresses mailed.
But honestly? If they only knew how unlikely it would be that I'll be dressing in an 'exclusive range of fabrics inspired by the beautiful Scottish highlands' when I live in Cornwall where we love Seasalt clothes inspired by ….well I'll leave you to guess that one.
This lovely 'House of Bruar' tartan, double-breasted, military inspired jacket might be appealing to a rich but dim Texan heiress type married to an ageing whiskey distillery owner and trying to dress for weekend shooting parties where Scottish 'lairds' go out to bag themselves a stag or two…
It does nothing for me.
On the other side of the catalogue spectrum, I also regularly receive something called Joe Brown's. It pegs me as a late teen or twenty-something – 'fuelled by passion'. Perhaps, if I'd given birth to a daughter (when I was still in my twenties rather than hanging onto my thirties and then having 3 sons) this would be the stuff that she (and I) would wear? I might even be fighting her for the clothes in it in a bid to look as 'with it' as my late teen daughter.
I'm left thinking, where do I fit? what kind of catalogue woman am I? Thankfully, I've not yet stated to receive the stuff where everything is in pastel shades and have elasticated waists so there is still hope. And I've finally passed through my Boden phase and come out completely de-Bodened on the other side. Johnnie has cleverly pegged his clothes at women whose main leisure activity (shopping for clothes) has just been curtailed by having children – the wilderness years. It's true, in my sleep deprived, milk stained life I really wanted this man to tell me how I could dress to be feminine, bright and beautiful again without having to get off my arse and drag myself (with toddlers) off to the shops. I wore Boden for so long and so much of it that my husband would sing to me: "I'm a Boden girl, in a Boden world…" To the tune: "I'm a Barbie girl…"
The Boden lovers' reviews sum it up with: "Perfect to hide my mummy-belly and my muffin top, thank you Johnnie!"
Us girls do have a tendency to dress in a similar style to our friendship groups. I confess to discussing clothes in every other breath during my teens – but if I had to sit through and hear myself now I'd have bored my own tits off with the tedious and endless:
"Does it make my bum look BIG?"
And the lies. "No, you look really gorgeous…"
I've learnt to draw more subtle clues to see what my pals are wearing and how I will follow suit.
"Nice skirt, Boden?"
That is until we all look the same or have to check if so-and-so if thinking of buying the blue skirt with all the fishes or not before the credit card comes out.
"No, it's White Stuff, actually."
And I'm wondering, is White Stuff the right stuff for women of my age and thickening waistline? I think we all being drawn this way as with WS we can kid ourselves that we still look OK. It's kinda pretty, a relaxed fit and therefore kind to any middle-age female who is still clinging onto to the vain hope that men will still think we look passably young enough to be interesting…
Incidentally my husband is a Screwfix man. However, if I'm to make fun of him about this then I'm Toast!


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"Aida", Happy Necklace in Yellow Gold
Beautiful pendant necklace inspired by Italian architecture. Perfect for party wear or everyday wear. Pendant comes with 18k gold plated chain with adjustable length.
- Material: 92.5 silver with 18k yellow gold plating (Nickel free)
- Height: 26.5 mm
- Width: 26.5 mm
- Weight: 9 grams
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The recent economic downgrades have not negatively affected Barbados' ability to borrow.
This assurance today from Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Finance Senator Jeptor Ince, who was attempting to school critics of the Government on how the financial world actually operates.
He argued that while in theory downgrades were expected to make borrowing more expensive, it all depended on the financial institution that was doing the lending.
"[Therefore] it does not necessarily mean that because a country received downgrades that automatically you are going to get an interest rate of ten or 12 per cent on a loan," Ince said in the Senate while supporting a Government guarantee of $17.625 million at an interest rate of 6.65 per cent for the Barbados Conference Services Limited.
Ince pointed out that the First Citizens loan was due for repayment in ten years and that from the date of disbursement, it is to be repaid in equal monthly installments "representing a blended payment of principal and interest of $201,476 that is worked out by the lending institution.
"So what I am saying is that even with the downgrades, where we are down to 'C', Barbados still has the capacity to borrow . . . [but] you have to know the meaning," Ince said, while complaining that "you would hear comments from some economists and some financial analysts, as well as the Opposition, that it seems that we are in no man's land".
On the contrary, Ince said the First Citizens loan was reflective of the confidence that financial institutions still have in the present administration.
"It is clear, that without that confidence we could not achieve a 6.65 per cent rate for ten years, given the fact that we had previous downgrades and present downgrades and you hear the comments that the Government has nowhere to go," Ince stressed.
Earlier this month Standard & Poor's downgraded Barbados to 'CCC+/C' based on its limited financing alternatives and low international reserves. The New York based agency also issued a negative outlook for the island, while warning that the sustainability of the Barbados dollar was now under threat, amid Government's continued reliance on the Central Bank to finance its deficit.
The action was quickly followed by a Moody's downgrade of Government bond and issuer ratings to Caa3.
In its press release Moody's highlighted Government's rising debt and its very limited prospects of fiscal reform. It also said that as a consequence, rising domestic and external financing pressures were very likely to impair the Government's ability to service its debt.


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I attended the usual, first Monday of the month, Cotton Quilters' Guild Meeting in Cottonport. It was informative, stressing, and fun. Then I attended the new-to-me first Monday of the month Baton Rouge Modern Quilt Guild. It was informative, stressing, and fun.
Today's post covers the first one. Remember that I'm president? There were a few problems but we started out great. After helping to set up our treasurer, Debbie, asked about her tee-shirt quilt to discover that she needed to remove the paper backing on each panel. She decided to do that while waiting for the meeting to start. Ha! Don't you just know that we had an impromptu bee?
Things kinda went downhill from there. Only about half of our people showed up. (There's a cough going around, but I did forget to send out a reminder.) Then the presenter let us know that she was sick and couldn't come. That's 30+ minutes of the meeting. Aww, and on a day when I didn't have a Plan B.
It turned out okay when Mrs. Mary Coco got up to show off her latest handiwork. A neighbor asked her to make a "Cotton Pick Sack" so he could pick cotton by hand in the fields surrounding his home. Apparently he's an ambitious 80 years young.
Mrs. Mary did a bit of research and shared some of the information she learned about how to make the cotton sack. She special-ordered the fabric and made a 12 foot sack, which would have been for a man, according to directions in the Smithsonian Museum information.
From there we had other members with items to share with the group. Including one member who shared the items our guild will use to create a window display. More on that on Thursday's post.


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It is not often that you see a clash of different generations on the App Store. So what happened earlier this month was pretty rare. We had a mobile game based on one of the most famous gaming franchises hit the App Store even as the world raved about another game, which was similar in format and yet so different.
We are talking of Square Enix's Hitman: Sniper and Rolocule's Dead Among Us.
Both games are sharpshooters. You are going to spend a lot of time peering down the telescopic sight of your weapons.
Both games start off with missions.
Both involve having to take down enemies from a distance (Hitman uses a rifle, Dead Among Us hands you a bow)
Both hand you rewards that you can spend on weapons upgrades.
And yet both are SO different (so much so that we used an all caps 'so').
In many ways Hitman: Sniper and Dead Among Us represent a clash of gaming generations and cultures. The former is unabashedly about high-class graphics and elaborate gameplay. The latter is about simple, direct sharpshooting. Both are shooters. But one is very casual in nature, the other would be shocked at being referred to in similar terms. And yet consider the evidence:
Hitman: Sniper comes with Rs 300 (about USD 4.99) price tag.
Dead Among Us is free.
Hitman: Sniper is a 300 MB download
Dead Among Us is slightly under 100 MB
Hitman: Sniper comes with elaborate gameplay and menus
Dead Among Us is pretty much pick up and play
Hitman: Sniper tries for realistic graphics
Dead Among Us looks more like something out of a comic book
There are 'loading screens' in Hitman:Sniper, leading to clear pauses between missions
Dead Among Us literally flies from mission to mission
No, we are not passing judgement on the quality of either game – both are tremendous fun. But each is likely to appeal to a different kind of gamer. And together they also reflect the massive change that has come about in gaming. A decade ago, gaming was very much the preserve of PCs and consoles. Games came on disks (expensive if you were the non-grey market types) and took hours and sometimes even weeks to finish. Today, more people play games on their handsets than on their computers or consoles. And the new generation of games is much smaller in size and is replete titles that can be "picked up, played and put down" as one developer put it.
Gaming in 2005 was about sitting in front of a computer in a room. Today, it is about sitting in an office, in a train, or in a lobby in between meetings and twiddling one's thumbs on a screen rather than in the air. No, the consoles and PCs have not gone away. They are very much there, as anyone possessing an Alienware rig, an Xbox One or a PS4 will tell you. It is just that most gaming now happens on handsets, anything else is considered niche.
Which is why Hitman: Sniper for all the effort it puts in, seems to be like something from a computer. The detailed surroundings, elaborate shooting mechanisms and targeting and of course, the careful assembly of weapons are all in keeping with what we know of the anonymous barcode-on-his-head Agent 47, but is likely to seem tedious for a person who's idea of a jolly good game is half an hour of Temple Run or a ten minute Stick Cricket slog. Such a person is more likely to gravitate to the simpler Dead Among Us, which is also about sharpshooting but has far less elaborate scenarios and if its simpler graphics do not stand up in comparison to those on Hitman: Sniper, they do have a comic book charm of their own.
Then there comes the killer difference – you would need at least ten to fifteen minutes to really come to grips with Hitman: Sniper, with its mission briefings, weapon detailing and the like, and would need a reasonably powerful device to run it smoothly. Dead Among Us can be mastered in four to five minutes, and ran well on the iPhone 5 and original iPad mini. Never was the difference between hardcore (or close to hardcore, as far as mobile platforms go) gaming and casual gaming more tellingly visible.
At the time of writing, both games are doing well. Each has its supporters. But we suspect those who like Hitman are those who are used to playing the bald assassin on a larger display, while those preferring taking out zombies from a distance are those who cut their gaming teeth on Cut the Rope. Both are a lot of fun, but in different ways. For different audiences.
You can download Hitman: Sniper for Android here and iTunes here.
Dead Among Us is currently an iOS only affair and is available from here.
Our advice: if you love PC gaming, go for the Sniper. If a casual experience is more to your liking, draw undead blood in Dead Among Us. Both games are a truckload of fun, but appeal to different sets of senses. As we said, they are similar. And are yet SO different.


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Mathew & Michelle
"Time lots its way
when I found myself with you"
-Prerry Poetry
Film Scanning: The Canadian Film Lab
"Time lots its way
when I found myself with you"
-Prerry Poetry
Film Scanning: The Canadian Film Lab
Beyond grateful for each and every couple and client who trusted me to capture their moments this year & forever thankful for the industry friends who made this wedding season so enjoyable.
Top 10 Highlights of 2017:
-Started the year in the snow & ended the year in the snow
-Became apart of an amazing co-working space at the The Aviary
-Met my dear friend & mentor Amanda K in Palm Springs for a beautiful weekend
-Traveled to my favourite place in the world, Costa Rica, to capture a wedding
-Photographed my first magazine cover!!!
-It was a year full of maternity & newborn sessions and that's always a highlight (those baby toes!)
-Conquered a *stunning* 14 hour wedding day (and napped the entire next day)
-Taught my first three 1:1 workshops.. eeeeek! (I LOVE teaching & sharing my personal experiences)
-Photographed a beautiful wedding in Tulum (my favourite destination of 2017)
-Launched my print shop!
Here's to 2018!
"You are my today and all of my tomorrows" – Leo Christopher
Assistant Photographer: Amy Teixeira
Wedding Dress: Paloma Blanca
Brides Shoes: Kate Spade
Rings: Tiffany & Co.
Grooms Suit: Ermenegildo Zegna
Grooms Shoes: Prada
Bridesmaids Dresses: Dessy (Studio Design Collection
Flower Design: Celsia Floral
Makeup & Hair: Denise Elliott
Venue: Stanley Park Pavillion
Ceremony Officiant: Randy Hamm from Young, Hip and Married
Cake & Cupcakes: Butter Baked Goods
Stationary: Minted
Film processing: PhotoVision


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- This event has passed.
Adopt a Highway Workday – Note earlier start time
August 8, 2018 @ 8:00 am - 11:00 am
Volunteer Opportunity: VMS Category: Adopt a Highway
We meet at the Lutheran Church in Reutersville at 8:30 am.
Hope you can come help. Come prepared for the weather. Wear hats, closed toe shoes, long pants, and "grabbers" are handy if you have them. Bring insect repellent. The more people to help, the sooner we can finish. Also, if you have a truck, you can help pick up filled bags to get them to the TXDOT pick up spot.
This is really a fun volunteer opportunity with lots of camaraderie and a chance to do some great plant ID with your partner.
(Any questions, call us at 859-445-5744 to see if we will need to reschedule. )
David and Mary Ann Butler


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Treatment With Ezetimibe Plus Low-Dose Atorvastatin Compared With Higher-Dose Atorvastatin AloneIs Sufficient Cholesterol-Lowering Enough to Inhibit Platelets?
Author + information
- Received April 19, 2006
- Revision received October 20, 2006
- Accepted October 23, 2006
- Published online March 13, 2007.
Author Information
- Michael Piorkowski, MD⁎,
- Sabine Fischer, MD⁎,
- Caroline Stellbaum, MD⁎,
- Markus Jaster, MD⁎,
- Peter Martus, PhD†,
- Andreas J. Morguet, MD⁎,
- Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, MD⁎ and
- Ursula Rauch, MD⁎,⁎ (ursula.rauch{at}charite.de)
- ↵⁎Reprint requests and correspondence:
Dr. Ursula Rauch, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
Objectives We sought to test the platelet inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of a higher statin dosage compared with combined treatment with ezetimibe plus a low statin dose.
Background Reducing the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with statins induces important pleiotropic effects such as platelet inhibition. An insufficient LDL-C reduction often is treated with ezetimibe, an intestinal cholesterol absorption inhibitor, in combination with a low statin dose. It is not known whether this combination therapy has the same pleiotropic effects as a statin monotherapy.
Methods Fifty-six patients with coronary artery disease were assigned randomly to receive either 40 mg/day of atorvastatin or 10 mg/day of ezetimibe plus 10 mg/day of atorvastatin for 4 weeks. The levels of LDL-C, platelet activation markers after stimulation, platelet aggregation, and plasma chemokine levels (i.e., regulated on activation normally T-cell expressed and secreted [RANTES]) were measured before and after changing lipid-lowering medication.
Results Platelet activation markers (P-selectin) after stimulation (adenosine diphosphate) were reduced by 40 mg/day of atorvastatin (−5.2 ± 1.6 arbitrary units) but not by ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin (2.1 ± 1.8 arbitrary units; p < 0.005) despite a similar reduction of LDL-C (atorvastatin −1.01 ± 0.18 mmol/l vs. ezetimibe plus atorvastatin −1.36 ± 0.22 mmol/l, p = NS). Thrombin receptor-activating peptide-induced platelet aggregation as well as plasma RANTES levels were reduced by 40 mg/day of atorvastatin but not by ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin.
Conclusions Platelet reactivity and a proinflammatory chemokine were reduced more by the higher atorvastatin dose than by ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin. In patients with coronary artery disease, it might be important to combine ezetimibe with higher statin dosages to benefit from cholesterol-independent pleiotropic effects.
The relationship between coronary artery disease (CAD) and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is well established (1,2). The lowering of LDL-C using HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) has been found to substantially reduce cardiovascular mortality (3). The reduced mortality is attributed not only to the lowering of LDL-C but also to the numerous pleiotropic effects of statins (3–6). The inhibition of platelets by statins is well documented in patients with hypercholesterolemia and CAD as well as in healthy individuals (7–10).
Despite the established efficacy of statins, the number of patients who achieve and maintain a LDL-C level as recommended by the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program and the Joint Task Force of European Societies is suboptimal (11–14). Titration to higher statin dosages is limited because of increasing adverse side effects, such as myopathy and hepatotoxicity (15,16).
Ezetimibe, an intestinal cholesterol absorption inhibitor, can be used as an additional therapy if statin therapy fails to reduce a patient's levels of LDL-C (17,18). The complementary actions of statins and ezetimibe offer a potent treatment option via dual inhibition of 2 sources of cholesterol (19). Moreover, combining the 2 substances eliminates side effects such as statin-associated myopathy and hepatotoxicity and ezetimibe-induced compensatory-elevated hepatic cholesterol synthesis (18,20). Although the combination of ezetimibe with a low atorvastatin dosage provides a very potent tool for reducing LDL-C, it is not known whether the combined treatment strategy achieves the same platelet inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects as therapy with higher atorvastatin dosages (21–23). We therefore investigated patients with CAD to determine whether combined treatment with ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin had different effects on platelet function and plasma chemokine levels than higher-dose therapy with atorvastatin alone.
Study design
The study included 56 patients with clinically stable CAD and LDL-C >2.5 mmol/l despite ongoing atorvastatin therapy with 10 or 20 mg/day. The patients met the following inclusion criteria: angiographically documented CAD, concurrent medication with aspirin and clopidogrel, and age between 18 and 80 years. Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel had to be maintained throughout the entire study period. Exclusion criteria were a history of myocardial infarction or creatine kinase elevation within the last 4 weeks, recent warfarin treatment, tumors, severe renal insufficiency, active liver disease or known liver cirrhosis, unclarified transaminase increase, recent antibiotic therapy, and known alcohol abuse.
Patients were assigned randomly (28:28) to receive either 40 mg/day of atorvastatin (group A) or a combination of 10 mg/day of atorvastatin plus 10 mg/day of ezetimibe (group B). The experimental regimen was initiated without a washout period. Before and 4 weeks after changing the LDL-C-lowering medication, blood was drawn for ex vivo platelet stimulation, platelet aggregation, plasma chemokine levels (i.e., regulated on activation normally T-cell expressed and secreted [RANTES]), and lipid levels (LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides [TG]). At the end of the study, 2 patients dropped out after the general practitioner changed their lipid-lowering medication, and 3 patients did not present again. Therefore, 51 patients (25:26) remained for statistical analysis.
The institutional review board of the hospital approved the study protocol, and written informed consent was obtained from each subject. All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Ex vivo platelet stimulation
Platelet reactivity during LDL-C lowering was evaluated by ex vivo platelet stimulation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as previously described (9). The protocol was tested in advance for artificial platelet activation (9). In brief, whole blood was collected in acidic citrate dextrose. Platelets were pelleted by centrifugation. The resuspended platelets were stimulated for 30 min with 20-μmol/l ADP (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri), 10-μmol/l of thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP; Calbiochem, San Diego, California) or were left unstimulated. The density of P-selectin and CD 63 (lysosomal glycoprotein 53) was measured by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies as previously described (9,24,25). Data are given as the median immunofluorescence intensity (MFI) in arbitrary units (AU) after subtraction of the unspecific mouse IgG binding.
Platelet aggregation
Ex vivo platelet aggregation was evaluated by optical aggregometry in citrated plasma samples at 37°C using the PAP 4 platelet aggregation profiler (BIODATA Corporation, Horsham, Pennsylvania). Platelet-rich plasma was prepared from citrated whole blood by centrifugation (1,315 gfor 75 s). The final platelet count was adjusted to 300 nl with autologous plasma. A total of 50 μl of ADP (final concentration of 20 μmol/l) or TRAP (final concentration of 10 μmol/l) were added to induce platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation was measured and assessed in 38 of the 51 patients (n = 17 in the atorvastatin group and n = 21 in the ezetimibe plus atorvastatin group). Curves were characterized by the maximum aggregation (MA) in % and the maximum slope (SL) in %/s.
Measurements of plasma chemokine levels
The plasma RANTES levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA-developing kits were purchased from Bender MedSystems, and measurements conforming to the manufacturer's recommendations were performed with a VersaMax microplate ELISA reader. Plasma RANTES levels were calculated using a polynomial standard curve with SoftMax Pro 4.6 software and given in nanograms per milliliter.
Data from all numeric variables were tested for normal distribution using the Kolmogoroff-Smirnov test. Thus, continuous data were presented as the mean ± the standard error of the mean. The ttest for dependent samples was used to analyze the expressions of platelet activation markers, platelet aggregation, plasma chemokine levels, and plasma lipid levels before and after changing treatment. Differences in platelet activation markers (ΔMFI), platelet aggregation (ΔMA, ΔSL), plasma chemokine levels (Δc), and plasma lipid levels (ΔLDL-C, ΔHDL-C, ΔTG) were calculated as the values after minus before changing treatment. ΔMFI, ΔMA, ΔSL, Δc, ΔLDL-C, ΔHDL-C, and ΔTG were compared between groups using the ttest for independent samples. Demographic and clinical data were compared between groups using the ttest for independent samples or the chi-square test for nominal values. Values of p ≤ 0.05 (2-sided) were considered significant. All analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows, Release 11.0.1 (SPSS Institute, Chicago, Illinois).
Both groups of patients had a typical cardiovascular risk profile. They did not differ significantly with regard to age, gender, body mass index, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiac characteristics and medication before changing lipid-lowering therapy (Tables 1 and 2).⇓⇓The study included patients who had been receiving either 10 or 20 mg/day of atorvastatin. Ten of 25 patients in the atorvastatin group and 12 of 26 patients in the combination group (p = NS) had an intake of 10 mg/day of atorvastatin before changing to study medication. With regard to the initial atorvastatin dose, there were no differences in platelet inhibitory and lipid-lowering effects obtained by the study medication (data not shown).
Change in serum lipid levels
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were reduced in both groups 4 weeks after changing the lipid-lowering therapy (Table 2). The extent of LDL-C reduction (ΔLDL-C) did not differ significantly between the groups (atorvastatin, −1.01 ± 0.18 mmol/l vs. ezetimibe plus atorvastatin, −1.36 ± 0.22 mmol/l) (Fig. 1).Accordingly, 16 of 25 (64%) patients in the atorvastatin group and 20 of 26 (77%) in the combination group achieved the LDL-C treatment goal of ≤2.5 mmol/l (p = NS atorvastatin vs. ezetimibe plus atorvastatin). The HDL-C level did not change in either group during the observation period (Table 2). Reduced TG levels were observed in both the atorvastatin and the combination group (Table 2). The ΔTG did not differ significantly between the groups (data not shown).
Platelet reactivity after ex vivo platelet stimulation
Although the two treatment groups showed a similar LDL-C reduction, they differed in their agonist-induced platelet reactivity. The ADP-induced platelet P-selectin expression was reduced 4 weeks after atorvastatin treatment with 40 mg/day (from 18.2 ± 1.7 AU to 12.9 ± 1.0 AU; p < 0.005) (Fig. 2A).In addition, TRAP-induced P-selectin exposure also was diminished 4 weeks after higher-dose atorvastatin treatment (from 29.2 ± 2.1 AU to 23.0 ± 2.0 AU; p < 0.01) (Fig. 3A).The administration of ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin for 4 weeks did not reduce P-selectin expression after stimulation with ADP (16.4 ± 1.4 AU vs. 18.5 ± 2.0 AU; p = NS) (Fig. 2A) or TRAP (32.1 ± 2.8 AU vs. 31.8 ± 3.1 AU; p = NS) (Fig. 3A). Furthermore, a significant difference in ΔMFI was found between the 2 treatment groups. Higher-dose atorvastatin led to a larger reduction of ADP-induced P-selectin expression than ezetimibe combined with low-dose atorvastatin (ΔMFI −5.2 ± 1.6 AU vs. 2.1 ± 1.8 AU; atorvastatin vs. ezetimibe plus atorvastatin; p < 0.005; Fig. 2B). The 2 study groups showed no significant differences in ΔMFI after stimulation with TRAP(−6.2 ± 2.2 AU vs. −0.2 ± 3.1 AU; atorvastatin vs. ezetimibe plus atorvastatin; p = 0.1) (Fig. 3B).
Comparable results were obtained when analyzing CD 63 expression on the surface of stimulated platelets. High-dose statin therapy reduced CD 63 exposure on platelets stimulated with ADP and TRAP (Table 3).However, CD 63 expression was not reduced on stimulated platelets after combination therapy with ezetimibe plus statin (Table 3). There was a significant difference in ΔMFI between the 2 groups. Thus, therapy with 40 mg/day of atorvastatin resulted in a larger reduction of CD 63 expression than combination treatment with ezetimibe plus 10 mg/day of atorvastatin (Table 3).
Platelet aggregation
Platelet aggregation measurements also reflected the different effects of the lipid-lowering medication in patients with CAD. We discovered that ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not altered by both therapies (Tables 4 and 5).⇓⇓However, the TRAP-induced maximum platelet aggregation, as well as the maximum slope of the aggregation curves, was reduced by 40 mg/day atorvastatin but not by the combination of ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin (Tables 4 and 5). Neither ΔMA nor ΔSL differed significantly between the 2 study groups (Tables 4 and 5).
Plasma chemokine levels
The plasma RANTES concentrations were reduced from 0.81 ± 0.04 ng/ml to 0.70 ± 0.05 ng/ml by higher-dose atorvastatin (p < 0.05) (Fig. 4A)but were not significantly lowered by the combination of ezetimibe plus 10 mg/day of atorvastatin (0.81 ± 0.04 ng/ml vs. 0.75 ± 0.04 ng/ml, before vs. after p = NS) (Fig. 4A). No significant difference was found when comparing RANTES Δc between the 2 groups (−0.10 ± 0.04 ng/ml vs. −0.06 ± 0.04 ng/ml; atorvastatin vs. ezetimibe + atorvastatin, p = NS) (Fig. 4B).
In this study, three major findings were observed: 1) during a 4-week treatment period, the degree of LDL-C reduction achieved by 40 mg/day of atorvastatin was comparable with that obtained by 10 mg/day of ezetimibe in combination with 10 mg/day of atorvastatin; 2) platelet reactivity was reduced by lipid-lowering treatment with 40 mg/day of atorvastatin but not by combination therapy with ezetimibe plus atorvastatin; and 3) the plasma RANTES concentration was reduced by 40 mg/day of atorvastatin but not by ezetimibe combined with 10 mg/day of atorvastatin.
Changes in serum lipid levels by lipid-lowering treatment
The extent of LDL-C reduction and the number of patients achieving the LDL-C goal of ≤2.5 mmol/l by the ezetimibe-atorvastatin combination in this study were comparable with data from previous studies evaluating the safety and tolerability of ezetimibe and atorvastatin coadministration (21,23). Although ΔLDL-C did not differ significantly between the 2 groups, LDL-C tended to be more reduced by the combined treatment than by the 40 mg/day of atorvastatin. In a double-blind trial, Ballantyne et al. (21) reported that 10 mg/day of ezetimibe combined with 10 mg/day of atorvastatin had the same LDL-C reducing effect as 80 mg/day of atorvastatin. This report indicates that the combination of ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin is very potent in reducing LDL-C levels. However, combining ezetimibe with higher statin dosages provided only small additional LDL-C reductions (21). Thus, higher-dose statin therapy may not be necessary in combination with ezetimibe, considering the efficacy and safety of the low-dose combinations (21).
Platelet inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects
Inhibition of platelets by statin therapy is a well-documented dose-dependent effect (3–10). Cholesterol-dependent and -independent mechanisms may contribute to it. Impaired platelet aggregation in vivo and in vitro was shown as a result of a decreased platelet stimulation by low-density lipoproteins and their oxidation products, a cholesterol depletion in the platelet plasma membrane, an impaired signal transduction because of a lack of intracellular isoprenoids, a decreased thromboxane A2synthesis, and an improved nitric oxide bioavailability (3–7,26,27). However, it has not yet been clarified whether platelet inhibition by statin therapy depends on the reduction of LDL-C or on the inhibition of intracellular signal pathways accompanied by disaggregating effects. In the present study, ADP- and TRAP-induced platelet degranulation as well as TRAP-induced platelet aggregation was reduced by 40 mg/day of atorvastatin but not by ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin despite a comparable LDL-C reduction. The platelet inhibitory effects observed here were achieved by increasing the atorvastatin dosage. A comparable reduction of the LDL-C level by ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin did not result in similar platelet inhibitory effects. Therefore, we assume that the observed platelet inhibition by higher atorvastatin dose was mainly related to mechanisms independent of the LDL-C-lowering.
Despite the reduction of agonist-induced platelet degranulation and TRAP-induced platelet aggregation, 40 mg/day of atorvastatin had no influence on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. One explanation might be a previously described minor effect of atorvastatin on ADP-induced platelet aggregation (28). A more important reason is the coadministration of clopidogrel in our study. Because clopidogrel inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation, an influence of atorvastatin is underestimated. This observation is consistent with findings in several studies evaluating possible drug-drug interactions between atorvastatin and clopidogrel (29–32).
The chemokine RANTES is produced by a variety of leukocytes and platelets' (33). It is expressed on the platelets' surface after platelet α-granule degranulation (34). It mediates platelet activation, platelet-leukocyte interaction, as well as attraction and homing of leukocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes, natural killer cells, mast cells) at sites of vascular injury and platelet deposition (33,34). It also is thought to play a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis by promoting monocyte MCP-1 production, macrophage accumulation, and neointimal growth (34,35). Thus, plasma RANTES not only serves as a marker of platelet activation in vivo but also reflects inflammatory processes at the arterial wall in atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia (33–38). In the present study, the plasma RANTES concentration was decreased by 40 mg/day of atorvastatin but not by ezetimibe plus low-dose atorvastatin despite the similar LDL-C reduction. Although the comparison of the reduction in the RANTES concentration between the 2 groups showed no significant difference, it demonstrates that in vivo platelet activation and an inflammatory chemokine tend to be more reduced by higher-dose atorvastatin therapy. These results here are in agreement with findings indicating that the anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin are independent of the degree of LDL-C reduction (6). In addition, pleiotropic effects for simvastatin but not for ezetimibe have been described by Landmesser et al. (39). The authors demonstrated that, independent of their LDL-C-reducing capacity, simvastatin, but not ezetimibe, improved endothelial function in chronic heart failure patients.
Clinical trials have shown that a statin-associated reduction of CAD-related events correlates with the LDL-C level achieved (3,40). Recommended LDL-C levels of 1.8 mmol/l (70 mg/dl) or 2.5 mmol/l (100 mg/dl) were only obtained by high-dose statin treatment. Thus, the dose-dependent reduction of CAD-related events has been attributed to the LDL-C–lowering properties of statins. Moreover, many of the pleiotropic effects of statins were also shown to be dose-dependent (6). We demonstrated here that atorvastatin has dose-dependent platelet inhibitory effects independent of its LDL-C–lowering capacity. Because platelet hyperreactivity is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with CAD, platelet inhibition by statins may well influence their clinical outcome (2).
In this study, we only tested platelet inhibitory effects of atorvastatin at 10 and 40 mg/day. Conclusions regarding the platelet inhibitory effect of atorvastatin at dosages different from the study medication have to be drawn carefully. However, the existence of a threshold dose below which no additional pleiotropic effects are observed cannot be definitely excluded.
It should be noted that the reduction of platelet reactivity by higher-dose atorvastatin dose was observed under full antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. This supports results demonstrating platelet inhibition when 20 mg/day of atorvastatin were coadministrated with clopidogrel (9). These observations are in contrast with previous findings suggesting that atorvastatin dose-dependently limits clopidogrel efficacy (41).
The present study provides evidence that the therapy with 40 mg/day of atorvastatin has beneficial cholesterol-independent effects on platelets and plasma RANTES levels in patients with CAD. The administration of ezetimibe plus 10 mg of atorvastatin did not have these effects, although it achieved an excellent reduction of LDL-C. These findings might be relevant in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease where LDL-C reduction cannot be sufficiently reduced under standard statin therapy. In these patients, it might not be sufficient to lower the LDL-C level to ≤2.5 mmol/l by using a combination of ezetimibe plus low-dose statin. Considering the pleiotropic effects of statins, we hypothesize that it might be better to adjust the lipid-lowering medication by combining ezetimibe with a higher statin dose. Further clinical and experimental studies are required to test this hypothesis.
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- adenosine diphosphate
- arbitrary units
- coronary artery disease
- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- maximum aggregation
- median immunofluorescence intensity
- regulated on activation normally T-cell expressed and secreted
- maximum slope of aggregation
- triglycerides
- thrombin receptor-activating peptide
- Received April 19, 2006.
- Revision received October 20, 2006.
- Accepted October 23, 2006.
- American College of Cardiology Foundation
- ↵
- LaRosa J.C.,
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The NSW premier is urging disgraced state MP Daryl Maguire to reconsider his position in politics after secret phone recordings of him discussing potential developer "dividends" were played at a Sydney corruption inquiry.
Gladys Berejiklian said she felt "deep disappointment" after learning the recordings, played at an Independent Commission Against Corruption hearing on Friday, were of the Wagga Wagga MP trying to strike a deal in 2016 with then-Canterbury City councillor Michael Hawatt.
"Whilst it is for Mr Maguire alone to determine whether he stays on as the elected member until next March, I would encourage him to think carefully as to whether he can effectively represent the people of Wagga Wagga from here on in," Ms Berejiklian said in a statement on Sunday.
Mr Maguire quit the Liberal Party on Friday night after the ICAC inquiry heard telephone conversations of him trying to arrange with Mr Hawatt the "dividend" they'd get for helping arrange a multi-million property sale to a Chinese developer.
"1.5 per cent isn't enough divided by two, if you know what I mean," Mr Maguire was recorded as saying.
The veteran Liberal MP also quit his role as parliamentary secretary for counter terrorism, corrections, veterans and the Centenary of ANZAC but will remain in state parliament as an independent.
The premier said the opening of nominations for the seat of Wagga Wagga would be brought forward so an "appropriate" new candidate for the Liberal Party can be preselected.
Since the shock revelations, Mr Maguire has been under pressure to quit politics all together.
Wagga Wagga mayor Greg Conkey called on the MP to seriously consider quitting parliament while local Labor-aligned councillors said the city "deserves better than this".
Acting NSW opposition leader Michael Daley says while Ms Berejiklian has "no power to compel anyone to go", Mr Maguire should not be allowed to remain on the crossbench as "a lame duck wrongdoer" until the state election in March.
Mr Maguire, who has held the safe seat since 1999, apologised for causing "distress and embarrassment" to the party and denied he had ever received or shared any commission from brokering property deals with Mr Hawatt.
In recorded calls with Mr Hawatt, the veteran MP described giant Chinese developer Country Garden as "mega-big" with "mega-money" and said he had "half a dozen" other potential clients wanting to buy development-approved sites in Sydney.


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Family Parrots (Psittacidae)
Azuero Parakeet (Pyrrhura eisenmanni)
French: Conure d'Eisenmann German: Azuerosittich Spanish: Cotorra azuerense
Other common names: Azuero Conure
Pyrrhura eisenmanni
Delgado, 1985,
western part of Azuero Peninsula, Panama.
Part of the P. picta–leucotis complex (see under P. picta, below). Differs from geographically nearest taxon in complex, P. subandina, in white vs rusty ear-coverts (3), lack of blue on head (2), much whiter periorbital area (2) and much more strongly marked, less chevron-shaped breast pattern (ns[2–3]). Monotypic.
SW Azuero Peninsula, in S Panama.
Descriptive notes
22 cm. An overall mid-sized green parakeet, with pale ochre eyes, greyish-black legs and feet, dull black bill, sooty-coloured orbital skin, and plumage broadly similar to... read more
Similar to P. picta, with a short "eek" note given in flight, a harsh guttural "kleek-... read more
Occurs in hilly areas in the mid and upper storeys of humid forest, and has been observed at forest... read more
Food and feeding
Diet unknown, but reported to visit bean plantations at certain seasons. Generally observed in small flocks of 2–3 birds up to 20... read more
In breeding condition in Jan–Feb and reported to lay eggs in Mar, with young in late Mar/Apr (early wet season); observed prospecting for... read more
Has been suggested that limited elevational movements might occur, based on observations of local... read more
Status and conservation
ENDANGERED. Population speculated to number only 1000–2500 mature individuals, within a global range estimated at just 700 km², and concern has been expressed that its... read more
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Eating Healthy While on a Trip
A major piece of heading out is testing new-to-you cooking. But how often has a person gone to overboard and find their selves gorged on gas station fare that is stale, to the point that a person cannot be able to enjoy the food that the place is known for. Making plans ahead and carrying meals that are healthy for road trips can help a person in preventing this from happening and can be helped by Alpha Lion shredding diet plan.
Sound road trip Suppers: You don't need to restrict yourself to the drive-through amid street trips. Not exclusively is pressing your own particular sustenance more affordable, but on the other hand it's more advantageous and, frequently, more delectable.
Breakfast burritos: preparation of breakfast burritos can be made easily before the time for traveling and later on heated in a microwave gas station or in a hotel. The least complex approach to make breakfast burritos is to begin by beating twelve eggs and afterward scramble them with your most loved protein ham, wiener, and bacon are altogether great choices. Match the meat and eggs with veggies like onions and ringer peppers. Guidelines on how this meal is prepared can be found in Alpha Lion shredding diet plan.
Sandwiches: With regards to the street trip dinners that don't require to be warmed, the best choice is dependably sandwiches. A person will be guided on this by Alpha Lion shredding diet plan. Peanut and deli meat should pre-made before the traveling time and pulled out of the cooler when they are needed to be eaten.
Salads: Another simple and healthy option is salads. A man ought to pick the base going from Romaine lettuce, spinach, and spring blend and afterward blend proteins that are most loved by a man and different vegetables. Good options for salads that have low-fat are turkey and chicken. The best way that a person can be able to make the best salad is by following the Alpha Lion shredding diet plan. With a specific end goal to abstain from swinging servings of mixed greens to paunch sponsors that will be hidden, a man ought not to include numerous fixings, for example, cheddar, avocado and nuts. They are good when they are taken in moderation and sill have high calories and can undo the fitness gains of a person in a quick way.
Hummus and vegies: Pita-chips or slashed up vegetables with hummus are tidbits that are extraordinary or dinners which are little. A man needs to ensure that the servings are estimated so a man won't wind up with a tub that is unfilled on the lap. This bite packs a decent measure of protein and starches, so you'll be full more and won't be enticed to hit the drive-through part of the way through your outing. Weight control plans that are great can be accomplished by following gets ready for dinners, for example, Alpha Lion shredding diet plan.


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Injuries to various parts of the body could have life-changing impacts. In particular, if you suffer an injury to your spine, you could face issues with coordination, ability to move, ability to control certain bodily functions and numerous other effects. Often, a serious event leads to this type of injury taking place.
3 levels of traumatic brain injuries
Because you were born healthy and with all average abilities intact, you may have assumed that you would go through life that way. You may not have given much thought to the idea that you could lose the use of certain body parts or that your body may one day function differently from what you consider normal. However, a sudden accident could easily result in your life completely changing.
Reckless driving could easily lead to an injury-causing crash
While traveling the roadways, you may have often felt that other drivers were not operating their vehicles in safe ways. Some people may drive too fast, and others may act aggressively toward other travelers. Unfortunately, these types of drivers are everywhere, and they may make you and others feel as if you face serious safety risks.
Be prepared by knowing the steps to take after an accident
It may not be easy to hear, but the chances that you will be involved in an automobile accident at some point in your life seem to be increasing. More drivers on the road combined with faster speeds and more distractions add up to a dangerous combination. It is likely that you already know this since you pay your insurance premiums on time and fasten your seat belt when you get into a vehicle.
Should I settle my accident case or go to trial?
After your accident, you may have spent a lot of your recovery thinking about how to pay for your medical care. While your insurance may have covered some of the costs, you may also have out-of-pocket expenses that have crippled your budget. Additionally, there is the principle of the thing if the accident that caused your injuries was the result of someone else's negligence or recklessness.
Is your pilot fit to fly?
If you fly regularly, you may have found a way to overcome the natural nervousness many feel when boarding an airplane at San Diego International Airport. However, even if you take a flight only occasionally, your confidence in the pilot is often a comforting thought. After all, pilots are well trained and experienced before they take over in the cockpit.
I've been scheduled for a deposition. What does that mean?
If you suffered an injury while at work, you have more than likely already applied for workers' compensation benefits. However, you may have discovered that you could pursue additional compensation from a third party such as a manufacturer or motorist, among others, depending on the circumstances surrounding your accident. You may have determined that filing a lawsuit against that third party could help you obtain much needed compensation not provided by your workers' compensation benefits.
Determining liability after a tour bus accident
Every driver is expected to exercise caution behind the wheel. New drivers learn about defensive driving skills and the great responsibility they have to avoid behaviors that may cause injury to others. There are some drivers, however, whom you may expect to use even more care. For example, you certainly hope your grandchild's school bus driver or the tractor trailer driver hauling a tank of flammable liquid is not impaired or texting behind the wheel.
Compensation for your pain and suffering after an accident
A car accident can change your life in an instant, leaving you with physical injuries and financial losses that can affect your life in many ways. California readers who experienced the traumatic effects of an accident know that recovery can be extensive, expensive and stressful.
Who is most likely to drive while distracted?
California readers know that distracted driving is a serious issue, and it is a direct threat to the health and well-being of every individual on the roads. Even one moment of distraction can lead to serious consequences, yet despite the clear dangers of this behavior, many people continue to drive while distracted.