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FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA 6th Year No. 37 Addis Ababa – 27th June, 2000
PROCLAMATION No. 207/2000 A PROCLAMATION TO PROVIDE FOR THE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE FEDERAL POLICE
WHEREAS, it has become necessary to have a strong civil police institution which is loyal to the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and governed by laws enacted in accordance with to the Constitution that has the adequate training and efficiency in the police profession, that serves and ensures peace and security of the public and duly respects human and democratic rights and freedoms;
NOW, THEREFORE, in accordance with Article 55(7) and (1) of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, it is hereby proclaimed as follows:
1. Short Title
This Proclamation may be cited as the "Federal Police Proclamation No. 207/2000."
2. Definitions
In this Proclamation "Minister" or "Ministry" means the Minister of Justice or the Ministry of Justice, respectively.
3. Establishment
1. The Federal Police Commission (hereinafter "the Commission") is hereby established as a federal organ having its own juridical personality.
2. Without prejudice to its legal and professional independence, the Commission shall be accountable to the Ministry.
4. Head Office
The Commission shall have its head office in Addis Ababa, and it may have branch officers in any other place, as may be necessary.
5. Objective
The objective of the Commission is, by honoring the Constitution and other laws of the country and based on the participation of the public, to maintain the peaceful life and security of the people prevention of crime.
6. Powers and Duties
The Commission shall have the following powers and duties:
1. To prevent any crime;
2. To investigate crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of Federal Courts;
3. To execute orders and decisions issued by courts having judicial powers;
4. To execute orders issued by the Federal Public Prosecutor concerning investigation of crimes;
5. To safeguard the security of boarders, airports, railway lines and terminals, mining areas, and vital institutions of the Federal Government;
6. To provide assistance in time of emergency and cooperate with concerned organs;
7. To give protection to higher officials of the Federal Government and dignitaries of foreign countries;
8. To render professional and technical advice and support to regional police commissions and, upon the requests of regions, to give assistance in the prevention and investigation of criminal cases;
9. To issue certificate of no criminal record;
10. To study causes or crimes and design the preventive methods thereto;
11. To delegate the power of investigation of federal offences to regional police Commission as may be necessary;
12. To collect, conduct research and distribute criminal information and statistical data; and, crate a nationwide system for criminal data collection and processing;
13. To delegate police powers to other organs or civil servants for the execution of certain activities as may be necessary;
14. To carry out technical investigations and give testimony to federal and regional organs;
15. To exchange information by establishing relationship with international police;
16. To enter into contracts, to own property, to sue and be sued in its own name.
7. Organization of the Commission
The Commission shall have:
1. A Council of Commissioners (hereinafter referred to as "the Council");
2. A Commissioner;
3. Deputy Commissioners;
4. Assistant Commissioners;
5. Other federal police men; and
6. The necessary support staff.
8. Members of the Council
Members of the Council shall be:
1. The Commissioner Chair Person
2. Deputy Commissioners Members
3. Assistant Commissioners
9. Powers and Duties of the Council of Commissioners
The Council of Commissioners shall have the following powers and duties:
1. To direct and coordinate the activities of the Commission;
2. To present to the Ministry the appointment of the Deputy Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners of the Commission for approval;
3. To take the necessary measures to upgrade the capacity and efficiency of the Commission;
4. To decide upon complains investigated and presented before it pursuant to Sub-Article (3)(c) of Article 11 of this Proclamation.
5. To evaluate the annual performance of the commission and submit same to the Minister with its recommendation.
6. To conduct inspection to ensure the efficiency of the Federal Police;
7. To prepare and submit, to the Minister, the budget of the Commission and follow-up its implementation upon approval;
8. To prepare and submit, to the Minister, draft legislations necessary for the implementation of this Proclamation;
9. To make efforts with a view of retaining a good working relations between the Commission and regional police Commissions;
10. Issue directives necessary for the implementation of this Proclamation and Regulations issued in accordance with this proclamation and ensure the implementation of same.
10. Powers and Duties of the Minister
The Minister shall have the following powers and duties:
1. To direct and supervise the Commission;
2. To appoint Deputy Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners of the Commission;
3. To take the necessary measure to enhance the efficiency and fruit fullness of the Commission;
4. To submit to the government the annual performance of the Commission with its recommendations;
5. To carry out inspection to upgrade and ensure the efficiency of the federal police;
6. To submit to the government the budget of the Commission and follow-up its implementation upon approval.
7. To submit, to the government, draft legislations necessary for the implementation of this Proclamation.
11. The Commissioner
1. The Commissioner shall be appointed by the prime Minister, upon the recommendation of the Minister;
2. The Commissioner shall have the powers and duties to coordinate and manage the activities of the Commission.
3. Without prejudice to the generality of Sub-Article (2) of this Article, the Commissioner shall:
a) Cause the implementation of the Regulations of the Federal Police;
b) Employ and administer the supporting staff, other than those employed as federal police men, pursuant to the federal civil service laws;
c) Cause the investigation of complaints made against the federal police and submit same to the Council of Commissioners; and notify the decision of the Council to the complainant:
d) Prepare the annual work programme and budget of the Commission; implement same upon approval.
e) Effect expenditures in accordance with the approved budget of the Commission;
f) Represent the Commission in all its dealings with third parties.
4. The Commissioners may delegate part of his powers and duties to Deputy Commissioners or Assistant Commissioners or other employers to the extent necessary for the efficiency of the Commission.
12. Budget
The budget of the commission shall be allocated by the Federal Government.
13. Books of Accounts
1. The Commission shall keep complete and accurate books of accounts.
2. The books of accounts and financial documents of the Commission shall be audited annually by the Auditor General or by an auditor designated by him.
14. Criteria for Recruitment of a Police
1. Any Ethiopian citizen to be recruited as a police, shall fulfill the following requirements.
(a) To be willing to serve as a policeman;
(b) To be loyal to the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia;
(c) To have fulfilled the educational standard and federal police;
(d) To have a good reputation in the community for his discipline and moral character;
(e) To have no previous record of participating in a criminal act;
(f) To be of not less than 18 years of age;
(g) Not to be a member of any political organization.
2. The recruitment to be made in accordance with Sub-Article (1) of this Article shall take into account the balanced representation of sex, nations/nationalities and peoples.
3. The recruitment of the police shall be based on popular participation.
15. Taking Oath
A federal police recruit shall take oath to carry out his public and professional responsibility with loyalty and diligence.
16. Delegation of Police powers to Civil Servants
1. Police powers may be delegated to a civil servant for cases that require special skills.
2. The Police power to be delegated pursuant to Sub-Article (1) of this Article shall be only to the Extent that may be required for the case.
17. Duration of Employment
1. The duration of the service of any federal police shall be seven years. The particulars shall be determined by Regulations.
2. The service of any federal police shall be terminated for the following reasons;
a) Upon death;
b) Where a request for resignation is accepted in accordance with the relevant Regulations;
c) Where he is found unfit for the job due to health problem certified by a Medical Board;
d) Where he is found guilty by a court of law and the commission decides that the crime shall not make him fit for the job; the particulars shall be determined by regulations to be issued;
e) Due to inefficiency or incompetence in leadership or disciplinary miscount;
f) Upon retirement.
18. Rights
1. Any member of the federal police shall:
a) Receive his salary according to the salary scale approved by the government;
b) Be entitled to rations, different allowances, uniform, and medical treatment in accordance with administrative regulations of the Commission;
c) Enjoy his pension rights pursuant to the pension laws;
d) Have the right to be represented by a lawyer of the Commission for liabilities that may arise in relation to discharging his responsibilities; the Particulars shall be determined by regulations;
e) Have the right to appropriately question superiors under any circumstances, inform mistakes, resolve problems through dialogue, to institute complaints following the chains of command, where necessary;
f) Have the right to receive compensation for death or bodily injury sustained in relation to this activities, in accordance with regulations to be issued.
2. In addition to the rights stated under Sub-Article (1) of this Article, the Commission shall prepare dwelling camps for Federal Emergency Force.
3. Those rights which are not provided for in this Proclamation shall be governed by the Federal Civil Service Laws.
19. Duties
Any member of the federal police has the duty:
1. To perform his activities in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code and other appropriate laws by honoring the human and democratic rights ensured by the Constitution.
2. To show his identify card while performing his police activities.
20. Age of Retirement
The age of retirement for any member of the federal police shall be 55 years.
21. Abolition of Military Rank
1. Any federal police, who is at any level of position, shall have no military rank, However, there shall be a substitution of a police rank and badge; the particulars shall be determined by Recognition.
2. A member of the federal police shall have uniforms that indicate his position as well as a badge or sign showing his name, number, department and responsibility.
22. Performance
1. Group performance, by officials and employees found at all levels in the structure of the federal police, shall be the main direction of executions.
2. The officials found at all levels of the structure of the Federal police shall have the obligation to carry out their duties within their respective responsibilities.
3. The Federal Police officials and employees shall perform their duties in a group from planning to implementation and evaluation of their activities. The group work shall entail joint and several liability.
4. The activity of the police shall be based on the participation of the public.
23. Prohibited Activities
Any inhuman or degrading treatment of act is prohibited.
24. Federal Police Complaint Hearing Committee
1. There shall be a Federal Police Compliant Hearing Organ within the Commission.
2. The Federal Police Complaint Hearing shall:
a) Receive and investigate complaint, comment or criticism forwarded by individuals, offices or organizations or the public on the performance or service of the federal police and organs of the Commission.
b) Require any Concerned member of the federal police to reply to the complaints lodged;
c) Submit to the Commissioner recommendations on the measures to be taken after investigating the compliant, comment or criticism.
3. A federal police member who has been requested to reply in accordance with Sub-Article (2)(b) of this Article is obliged to do so within 15 days.
25. Relations of the Commission with Regional Police Commissions
1. The Police Commission shall have relations with regional police commission concerning federal cases.
2. The regional police organs, while investigating federal criminals cases and preventing crime in accordance with delegation, shall be accountable to the Commission.
3. The Commission and regional Police Commission shall hold a joint meeting at least once a year.
4. The Commission shall giver training and professional assistance and other supports to regional police Commissions.
5. The regional Police Commissions shall send reports and statistical data to the Commission to be commonly used for research and general purposes concerning crimes, traffic offences and security.
6. The following activities shall be dealt with in the joint meetings of the Commission and regional police Commissions:
a) Exchange of experience by evaluating the crime prevention and investigation activities.
b) Devise and decide on, joint crime prevention schemes;
c) Identify jointly police related matters that require uniform standards; frame the standards; evaluate their implementation.
26. Repealed and Inapplicable Laws
1. The following are hereby repealed:
a) The Police Force Organization proclamation No. 6/1942;
b) The Police Officers Administration Order No. 82/1973;
c) The Police Officers Promotion, obligatory Service and Dismissal Regulations No. 430/1973; and
d) Provisions Concerning the Police Forces in the Development of the State Defence Army of the Central Transitional Government and the Establishment of the Police Force Proclamation No. 8/1991.
2. Any law inconsistent with this proclamation shall not be applicable.
27. Power to issue Regulations
The Council of Ministers may issue Regulations for the implementation of this Proclamation.
28. Effective Date
This Proclamation shall be effective as of the 27th day of June, 2000.
Done at Addis Ababa this 7th day of June, 2000.


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What achievements? - we are asked. Our opponents would say these do not amount to much. How many MPs do we have? How many members? So what is this talk of achievements if not merely whistling in the dark to keep our spirits up?
The best answer is for us to take a look at the party's historical record. After all, principles, however logical, are no use unless they hold up and are valid when applied to changing circumstances.
An early Greek materialist philosopher used the analogy of a river: although each moment you look at it you see constant changes, yet still it is the same river. That in the last hundred years there have been significant changes in capitalism is undeniable. But we would argue that it is equally true that the basis of the capitalist system, the exploitation of the working class through the wages system, remains essentially unchanged. If so, it follows that the party's Principles are as valid now as they were a hundred years ago.
First, by setting out as the Party's sole OBJECT the establishment of Socialism/Communism, and stating clearly what this meant, the Party founders rejected any programmes of 'immediate demands' or 'palliatives'. That meant a break with the parties of the Second International, such as in Britain the Social Democratic Federation and the Independent Labour Party. All those parties, while claiming to be Socialist (or Social Democrat) parties, in fact put forward a variety of reform proposals to woo the voters. Rejection of reformism was, and is, central to The SPGB position.
To take this line took courage: it was a leap into the unknown. This was the only party in Britain that stood for Socialism and only for Socialism. It still is.
The DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES makes the case for Socialism as being in the interest of the working class, i.e. on the basis of the class struggle - the "antagonism of interests" between the parasitic capitalist class and the working class "by whose labour alone all wealth is produced". This conflict of "interests" can only be ended by "working class emancipation" and the "establishment of common ownership of the means of production and distribution with democratic control by and in the interest of the whole community".
In the last 100 years, generations of workers have joined The SPGB, recognising how as members of the working class they are exploited under the wages system. Class-consciousness is the basis of The SPGB case for Socialism, just as it is of the political organisation needed to establish Socialism. A class-conscious working class is an essential pre-condition for Socialism.
The clarity of the Party's theoretical argument meant that, after the Bolshevik Revolution, The SPGB opposed the claim that Socialism was established in Russia, where a system was being established that, later, even Lenin described as "state capitalism". Soon after the Russian Revolution (October 1917), The SPGB argued that whatever was being achieved in Russia simply could not be Socialism: was peasant Russia, with its small, urban proletariat, its economy in ruins, its cities' populations starving, ready and able to establish Socialism?
Unless a mental revolution such as the world has never seen before has taken place, or an economic change has occurred immensely more rapidly than history has ever recorded, the answer is "No!"... There is no ground whatever for supposing that they [the peasants] are ready or willing to accept social ownership of the land, along with the other means of production. SOCIALIST STANDARD, August 1918, reprinted in 1948 pamphlet, RUSSIA SINCE 1917.
Likewise when the Labour Party put forward a policy for nationalisation, calling it Socialism, The SPGB opposed that as just another scheme for trying to solve the problems of capitalism:
The thing [nationalisation] is a transparent fraud. Making nationalisation pay means making it pay the millions that the Government is handing out to the former owners. The exploiters >are still living on the backs of the workers, with the difference that the Labour Party, as the Government, undertakes official responsibility for maintaining the exploitation (1945 article, quoted in our 1997 pamphlet, NEW LABOUR - A PARTY OF CAPITALISM).
Another mistaken Labour policy, which was also claimed to be Socialist, was the so-called Welfare State - the NHS and National Insurance. The SPGB analysis of any state 'welfare' policies was rooted in our understanding of exploitation through the wages system. When the wartime government increased the amount of the worker's weekly national health and pensions insurance deduction by one penny, the Party argued that this made no real difference:
National Insurance The Wonderful World of Pensions for All
the position is the same as before - the worker has a bob or two stopped
out of his wages, the old age pensioner can still manage to escape
the workhouse by sponging on his poor relatives or, if there are none,
he can in most cases get a supplementary allowance from the public
assistance committee, and the employers think they have done a nice
little bit of business by making the worker bees save up for their
old age, so saving the expense of keeping them in institutions. We
hate to disillusion our capitalist masters, but would it make so much
difference if the whole vast governmental apparatus of deductions,
accounting and stamping were scrapped and the "pension"
paid out of general taxation? Actually, it would make but little difference,
for the worker's wages always tend to equal the cost of living - after
all, you must feed the beast to get the work out of him - so that
deductions from wages tend to be counterbalanced by increases in wages,
and in any case, it is the capitalist class themselves who fork out
the bulk of the taxation.
As for the Beveridge Report and proposals for Family Allowances, later followed by Child Benefits, Child Credits and various complicated, means-tested, schemes to supplement low wages, the Party was unimpressed:
great problem stays even if every dot and comma of the report is put
into operation. That problem is the outstanding social problem of
the age - the poverty of the working-class, and not just the additional
burdens borne in times of unemployment, old age and sickness, burdens
which incidentally Beveridge does little to lift. The poverty of the
working-class is due to the private ownership by the capitalists of
the means of production and distribution. Socialism alone can end
that poverty....
Such arguments remain valid now, decades later. Problems of working class life under capitalism are impossible to reform. Generations of reformers have tried unsuccessfully to square the circle, to find ways to support the unemployed, the sick, the disabled, the old, and other 'redundant' members of the working class, to have capitalism without the consequences of capitalism.
THE POOR LAW REPORT (1834) declared as the key principle that "[the pauper's] situation on the whole shall not be made really or apparently so eligible as the situation of the labourer of the lowest class". The SPGB arguments on this subject are ones that echo Marx:
is the hospital of the active labour-army and the dead weight of the
industrial reserve-army ... along with the surplus population, pauperism
forms a condition of capitalist production and of the capitalist development
of wealth. It enters into the faux frais of capitalist production;
but capital knows how to throw these, for the most part, from its
own shoulders on to those of the working-class and the lower middle-class.
Again and again, the class struggle was and is at the heart of the question. Since the class struggle is worldwide, as is the capitalist system, it follows that working class emancipation will mean the emancipation of all mankind "without distinction of race or sex". When war came in 1914, the party stated its internationalist position uncompromisingly, consistently and courageously. The war was fought over capitalist interests such as markets and trade routes, not over working class interests. The first wartime editorial emphasised the class war:
The question for the working class, then, is not that of British or German victory, since either event will leave them wage-slaves living upon wages. Under German rule those wages cannot be reduced much lower than under British, for every British working man knows that the masters who are shouting so loudly for us to go and die in defence of our shackles and their shekels, have left no stone unturned to force wages to the lowest possible limits. The question, then, before the workers, is the abolition of the whole social system of which war and unemployment are integral parts, and the establishment of society upon the basis of common ownership of the means of production - the establishment, that is, of Socialism. SOCIALIST STANDARD, September 1914
The First World War put a stop to the Party's outdoor meetings, and many Party members disappeared - some conscripted, some jailed, others sacked or arrested, or both. To avoid conscription, some members went abroad and became active in Socialist propaganda in America, Canada, Australia, etc. In 1916 the authorities banned the Socialist Standard from being sent abroad (its contents "might be used by the enemy powers for their propaganda"!) and in 1917 the police raided the party's Head Office.
In shameful contrast, the parties of the Second International, in all European countries, abandoned working-class internationalism. In Britain, while most Labour, ILP and SDP politicians supported the war, only The SPGB maintained, as a matter of policy and principle, throughout the war, the principle of international working-class solidarity. After the war, The SPGB MANIFESTO was republished with a new PREFACE, placing these parties' shameful betrayal on record:
was to be expected, this mighty event proved a searching test for
all those who claimed to hold Socialist principles. At the very outset
[of war] the so-called International crumpled up, thus justifying
our long-standing criticism. In all the belligerent countries the
pseudo-Socialists, whom we had all along denounced as mere capitalist
cats paws, ranged themselves beside their respective war-lords, voting
war-credits, and acting as decoys to lure men of the working class
into the shambles. Everywhere organisations which had followed the
opportunist policy, trying to build themselves up on compromise and
political trading while claiming to be founded on Socialist principles,
found themselves caught in the toils when the test time came, and
the appeal was made to those passions and emotions that only Socialist
knowledge can destroy...
SOCIALIST PARTY OF GREAT BRITAIN was the only organisation in this
country that maintained the Socialist attitude on the war. Since
our inception as a party we have proclaimed the unity of interest
of the workers the world over, and the antagonism of interest between
the workers of the world and the master class thereof. The principles
which we had proclaimed and acted upon in "peace" were
sufficient to guide us in war.
The party's attitude to capitalism's wars has stayed the same: wars are not fought in the interest of the working class but over the business interests of the capitalist class. The real enemy of the worker is the capitalist on his doorstep.
As for the 'national interest', The SPGB rejects nationalism just as we oppose any ideology that divides the working class. The same principle applies to every such ideology - religion, racism and nationalism.
Political Class Struggle
The party's PRINCIPLES are rooted in arguments put forward first by Marx and Engels in the Communist Manifesto, and later by Marx in the key policy documents he drafted for the International Working Men's Organisation. First in the Communist Manifesto and later, repeatedly and emphatically in policy statements of the First International, Marx argued that to achieve working class emancipation required class-conscious political organisation and action - " every class struggle is a political struggle" (THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO).
In 1871, the London Conference of the International passed a resolution on political action, drafted by Marx, asserting:
that against this collective power of the propertied classes the working
class cannot act, as a class, except by constituting itself into a
political party, distinct from, and opposed to, all other parties
formed by the propertied classes...
Later in 1880, Marx drafted a brief theoretical introduction for the French Workers Party (Parti Ouvrier), which is worth quoting here since this too is echoed in The SPGB's DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES:
Throughout most of the 20th century, The SPGB was united in arguing its case on the basis of its founding principles. The "emancipation of all mankind, without distinction of race or sex" was well ahead of its time in 1904 and increasingly relevant in periods of racism, and when the Left later turned to the divisive politics of race and gender.
The SPGB's insistence on the need for the Socialist Party to be one that is independent of and opposed to all other political parties - an insistence which was also part of Marx's thinking - this was attacked both by those on the left who urged the Party to join forces with those in the Labour Party who called themselves Socialists, and by the supporters of Leninist vanguardism. To all such parties, we pose a threat, small as we are. And so they attack us as 'sectarian'.
Only in recent decades have we had to fight "the enemy within". Only in recent times have we found amongst the members of this party those who wanted to overthrow the DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES. First, they objected to the so-called 'hostility' clause. They wanted The SPGB to express support for such deserving causes as, say, democratic reform movements, regardless of whether such movements were at all interested in establishing Socialism. Some argued that the Party should become part of a broad "anti-market, anti-state" alliance.
Some said that to argue the case for Socialism on such old-fashioned, Marxist grounds as the class struggle would not appeal to the man or woman in the street. In a period when 'direct action' was back in fashion, a 1984 Conference resolution, with echoes of 19th century anarchism, declared that Socialism "will entail the immediate abolition ... of the State". This ran counter to the Party's DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES.
of us who objected were sneered at as mere "D of P-ers",
and finally forced out of the party. Those who engineered these expulsions
had decided their Party should no longer be called The SPGB but instead confuse the workers by calling itself
'the Socialist Party' (a name which to most workers means either the
Labour Party or some Trotskyist splinter group). They were confident
that their Party would be able to grow rapidly, once freed from the
restraints imposed by adherence to The SPGB's unifying principles.
Meanwhile, the reconstituted The SPGB is arguing the case for Socialism on the basis of The SPGB's founding DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES. This we have been doing for over a decade now, vigorously, consistently, and without compromise on the central questions: the class struggle and the need to organise as an independent political party, opposed to all other political parties and working only for Socialism.
A hundred years on, and the case for Socialism remains. The SPGB as ever argues for Socialism and only for Socialism - the whole bakery, not just a larger slice of the loaf.
The various historic milestones on the way, such as wars, the General Strike, economic crises and the supposed inevitable 'collapse' of capitalism, the Russian revolution and the later supposed 'collapse of communism', among others - these have been marked by many betrayals of the Socialist cause and working-class internationalism by parties claiming to be socialist but in fact riddled and rotten with reformist opportunism. They have also tested the ability of Socialists to apply our principles and our Marxist analysis to these developments in capitalism.
Our historic record is one to be proud of. Only The SPGB has steered a true course, not deviating from our sole purpose - Socialism. That, we claim, is a proud achievement, something to celebrate and to honour. We assert that the founding members of this party built on sound foundations, and we salute them for their clear-sightedness, courage and dedication: we, who walk in their footsteps and who share their vision and their uncompromising principles.
The SPGB will not barter its independence
for promises of reform ...For the party of the working class,
one course alone is open, and that involves unceasing hostility
to all parties, no matter what their plea, that lend their aid
to the administration of the existing social order and thus
contribute, consciously or otherwise, to its maintenance. Our
object is its overthrow.
Propaganda, Politics and Revolution
Has Capitalism Triumphed?
Never has the capitalist class felt so secure. Never has their wealth and privilege been so great. According to the Institute for Policy Studies, 497 billionaires now have a combined wealth of $1.54 trillion greater than that owned by half the world's population.
The capitalist class basks in the sun while their tame academics spread the lie that capitalism has globally triumphed. LSE Professor, Patrick Minford proclaims in his book "MARKETS NOT STAKES - THE TRIUMPH OF CAPITALISM AND THE STAKEHOLDER FALLACY (1998) that the American eagle has spread its free market wings over the six continents of the world. Capitalist triumphalism is for Minford American triumphalism. "USA!: USA!: USA!" bellows the professor throughout the book's 257 pages. He has come a long way since his Maoist student days of the 1960's.
The propaganda of 21st century capitalism is the propaganda of triumphalism. It is also the propaganda of a lie. The truth is altogether different. Socialism has not failed because Socialism has never existed. The Socialist revolution has still to take place. There has never been a test of a Socialist majority taking conscious and political action. Nowhere has there ever been common ownership and democratic control of the means of production and distribution by all of society.
Adair Turner, Vice Chairman of Merrill Lynch Europe (total client assets: approximately US$1.4 trillion) and a director of a number of media and Internet companies, shares this triumphalism. He, too, propagates the lie that Socialism has been seen off by what he calls "the dynamism of the free market".
Turner is not only a very wealthy capitalist in his own right but
he is also a visiting professor at the London School of Economics;
from 1995 to 1999 he was Director-General of the Confederation of
British Industry and before that a director of McKinsey and Company.
He is also the Chairman of the Low Pay Commission and Chairman of
the Pension Commission.
Mr Turner is also a polemicist for the capitalist class. He propagates the interests of the capitalist class. He deeply believes in capitalism. And not without reason. As a capitalist he lives off the unearned income of profit. He lives off the exploitation of the working class who actually produce all the social wealth. The working class are the wealth creators, not the capitalist class.
Turner has recently written a book in which he praises capitalism. As a side swipe at Marx he has called his book "JUST CAPITAL". The title is a play on words. Not only is Mr Turner implying that capitalism is "just, equitable and fair" to both the capitalist class and the working class. He is also implying that there is just Capital. All practical alternatives have been seen off. To slightly change a remark once made by the rock musician Frank Zappa, "there is more stupidity in economics than there is hydrogen in the universe".
Hired Prize-Fighters
You can imagine Mr Turner sitting each day on a mat in his plush London office somewhere in the City arms folded chanting out "there is no alternative". This is Mr Turner's political mantra. With all his faith in capitalism, Mr Turner can never see capitalism as it really is. He is no disinterested scientist but an apologist for the profit system of class exploitation. Capitalist economics long ago gave up being a science. It is now a set of ruling class ideas and beliefs.
place of disinterested inquirers, there were hired prize-fighters;
in place of genuine scientific research, the bad conscience and the
evil intent of apologetic.
JUST CAPITAL contains the usual puff from Turner's devotees. Will Hutton praises it to the hilt, so do Professor Ralf Dahrendorf and Jonathan Porritt. Workers should be wary of radicals from universities who wish to promote themselves as theoretical leaders. Hutton is your typical GUARDIAN contributor, a Utopian dreamer who thinks you can have capitalism without the effects of capitalism. And Professor Dahrendorf has spent an academic lifetime trying and failing to produce a bourgeois theory of class to match Marx's own scientific propositions about class, class interest and class struggle.
We do not intend to spend more time on Mr Turner or his book than he deserves. It is pretty poor capitalist propaganda, bearing all the hallmarks of an apologetic, shallow economics tract. The book peddles the vulgar belief that you can have a crisis-free market economy with perfect information, ever-increasing choice for all, harmony of interests between capital and labour, and world peace through the operation of commodity production and exchange for profit.
In the real world Marx showed that capitalism is anarchic and crisis-ridden with irresolvable contradictions. Class conflict is built into the very system itself as capitalist production for profit prevents the needs of the world's population from being met. In the real world, away from economic seminars, billions are unemployed. War and conflict is everywhere except in economic text books. Capitalism can only ever be unpleasant, exploitative, violent and destructive.
Vietnam: from capitalism to capitalism
However we will start with Mr Turner's belief that capitalism is everywhere triumphant. He states right at the beginning of the book:
November 2000 Bill Clinton visited Vietnam, the country which twenty-five
years earlier had expelled America's military might, and which had
set out to build a communist society. He bought a message of reconciliation
but also a message of confidence in the capitalist model, urging
the Vietnamese to embrace the "force of nature" which
globalization and the market economy appear to represent. He was
well received and not surprisingly. For Vietnam is already integrating
into the global market economy , its exports competing in developed
country markets on the basis of low labour cost, its factories producing
goods for multinational firms, its domestic economy increasingly
organized on market principles.
The Vietnamese ruling class did not need any lecture from Mr Clinton or Mr Turner about embracing capitalism. Vietnam had already embraced capitalism, first through a primitive and crude nationalisation programme, and now, increasingly, a capitalism found elsewhere in the world.
The first primitive form, state capitalism, was supported by the capitalist Left in the 1960's and 1970's. Remember the likes of Tariq Ali, linking arms with other Trotskyists at London demonstrations, childishly shouting out "Ho- Ho- Ho Chi Min" . Where are the defenders of state capitalism now?
Now another form of capitalism in Vietnam is supported by the fundamentalist free-market Right whose equally inane chant is "Free Trade".
As regards the interests of the working class, both forms of capitalism are merely two sides of the same exploitative coin. Wherever there is wage labour, there is exploitation. Wherever the capital-labour relationship exists, there is the exercise of class power and class privilege. This is borne out by developments in Vietnam.
What is the reality of capitalism in Vietnam? Here is the reality. First, the ASIA TIMES (June 2000) with an article stating that in Vietnam there are:
· Primitive conditions of employment - high levels of accidents
and deaths at work
The CAMPAIGN FOR EDUCATION wrote, in their 2000 report, that in Vietnam:
· 12,675 children under 15 years are working in dangerous
and unhealthy conditions usually for multinational corporations.
The ANTI LABOUR SWEAT SHOP LEAGUE (January 2004) stated that:
organization put together by the workers will be immediately destroyed
at once. These people are basically slaves, they are scared into
staying, they are paid very, very low wages or nothing at all, and
are denied basic benefits and worker's rights
So there we have it, capitalist propaganda and the reality: the myth of the "best of all possible worlds" on the one hand, and the contrasting reality of profit, exploitation and human misery. Mr Turner is, of course, not interested in the repression of free trade unions, the low pay, exploitation, the use of child labour, the sweat shops, and political dictatorship. The last thing he would want to see is a genuine Socialist Party in Vietnam advocating the abolition of the wages system. He only sees potential markets and cheap labour to exploit.
can also look at capitalism in Vietnam from a Marxist perspective.
Marx showed that sellers of commodities can never know whether they
will find a buyer in the market. If the time period is too great,
an economic crisis will occur with bankruptcy and unemployment the
consequence. This is the anarchy of capitalist production.
All contradictions of bourgeois production collectively come into
eruption in the general crises on the world market.
At present there is an economic crisis in coffee production (INDEPENDENT 4 April 2004). The price of coffee has collapsed around the world. Ironically, during the early 1990's, Vietnam was encouraged by the World Bank to grow coffee. A huge increase in production of Vietnamese coffee took place. In the 1980's, Vietnam was 42nd ranked commodity producer in coffee on the world market (so much for the lie that Vietnam was Socialist/Communist). But by 2001, Vietnam produced about 15 million bags making it the second largest producer of coffee worldwide. Vietnam's coffee producers glutted the market. There are more sellers of coffee than buyers. The Vietnamese coffee farmers are now having to sell their coffee at only 60% of the cost of production and repay loans taken out in the misguided belief that there would be a market for their coffee.
Anthony Wild, a commentator on coffee production recently wrote:
coffee production, having boomed, is now falling rapidly as it is
realised that the promised riches are chimerical. The larger cost,
to the fragile highland environment, to its beleaguered wildlife,
to the displaced indigenes, and to the migrant lowlanders left stranded
without an income and deep in debt is incalculable.
Living in the Real World
analysis of capitalism is more penetrating, scientific and correct
- Marx's or Turner's? Turner believes that the capitalist market is
perfect. Marx showed it to be anarchic, unpredictable and destructive.
Who describes the real world, Turner or Marx? Did Turner anticipate
the current crisis in the coffee market with the resultant bankruptcy
and unemployment in Vietnam? Marx showed that capitalism passes from
one economic crisis to another. Marx had a scientific understanding
of and insight into capitalist production for profit and its laws
that has never been surpassed. Certainly not by such as Mr Turner.
there is the question of capital. Like all economists, Turner makes
the error of depicting capital as a "thing". Capital,
is in fact, a social relationship - a class relationship between workers,
capitalists and the means of production.
A Negro is a Negro. He only becomes a slave in certain relations. A cotton-spinning jenny is a machine for spinning cotton. It becomes capital only in certain relations. Torn from these relationships it is no more capital than gold is money or sugar the price of sugar... Capital is a social relation of production. It is a bourgeois production relation, a production relation of bourgeois society.
Abolish the social relationship between capital and labour, abolish
the wages system, and human labour-power ceases to be a commodity,
ceases to be variable capital. The same applies to raw resources and
other means of production. The means of production are only "constant
capital" under capitalism. Abolish capitalism and establish
socialism, and the means of production will be owned in common. Turner's
propaganda is wrong in another important respect. Russia and China
have always traded on the world market. They have always been part
of world capitalism. State capitalist countries have not been immune
from capitalism's laws and contradictions.
The labour theory of value holds good wherever wage labour is exploited in the productive process.
And it is a misnomer to refer to China and Russia as "Communist". You can label a bottle of whitewash "milk". But when you come to drink it, the content still tastes of whitewash. This applies as much to Vietnamese capitalism masquerading as "Communism" as it does to books published with the "Triumph of Capitalism" printed on their cover.
Legacy of War
estimated 5,700 tons, or 12 million gallons of Agent Orange
were sprayed on South Vietnam during the war, destroying as
much as 14 per cent of the forest cover and 50% of the mangrove
swamp that had previously been a valuable source of lumber.
Over 4.5 million acres of vegetation were wiped out, with devastating
results for the wildlife and the ecology, let alone any unfortunate
Vietnamese who found themselves in the flight path of the sprayers.
Inevitably farms and smallholdings were also sprayed, causing
widespread poverty and starvation. It was 10 years before crops
could again be grown on affected land.. The health costs are
still not fully understood, but about 400,000 deaths and serious
cases of illness, and a further 500,000 birth defects in Vietnam
have been attributed to the agent.
Some inventors chase the dream of a perpetual motion machine. Others seek a formula for predicting the ups and downs of stock markets and foreign exchange markets. Contrary to the simple belief of the Adam Smith school of economics, "as the effectiveness of one trader's actions depends on what all the others do, rationality is an unreliable guide". So devising a successful prediction model means simply picking up on "patterns in past price movements and [using] them to predict the future". Easier said than done - given that these markets are often afflicted by "mass panics, waves of euphoria, and other collective movements" (NEW SCIENTIST, 10 April 2004). Remember the hedge fund, LTCM, based on a mathematical model supposed to ensure profits? An utter disaster. Punters would have been better sticking to the horses or the Lottery!
His Master's Voice
Socialists are often asked why we spend so much time on the question of inflation. We would spend less time on this particularly dull subject were it not for politicians, economists and journalists blaming workers for inflation.
A recent example of the fallacious assertion that workers cause inflation can be seen in the smug and witless column by Anthony Hilton (EVENING STANDARD, 8.07.02). He tried to draw a parallel with the 1970's when public sector unions were on strike, there was rising inflation, and there was a trade depression with high unemployment.
In his column, "Public sector pay and the spectre of stagflation", Hilton based his case on statistics from the investment bank Schroeder Salomon Smith Barney, whose understanding of inflation was equal to Hilton's own economic illiteracy.
Hilton claimed that 'inflation' was evident in the private sector, concluding that "Historically, wage rises in the public sector filter out into the private sector and lead to a parallel surge of inflation there".
They do no such thing. Inflation is not caused by workers struggling for higher wage rises. Even some economists admit this. In his article "WAGES, INFLATION AND RESERVE BANK MYTHS, the economist Gerard Jackson stated that "there is absolutely no support in history for the view that inflation can ever be the function of wage growth" (BROOKES NEWS, 23 April 2003). Inflation is caused by governments, year after year, printing and putting into circulation hundreds of millions of pounds of excess paper money.
things being equal, wherever and whenever currency has been issued
in excess, the price level has risen, and wherever and whenever currency
has been restricted, prices have stabilised or fallen. In the period
1920-22, the printing presses of the German central bank were busy
day and night pouring out notes, and prices were rocketing upwards.
In Britain in the same three-year period the Government had decided
to halt inflation, the note issue was restricted, and prices were
falling fast.
The reason there was no inflation in Britain, in the century before 1914, was that through the operation of the gold standard the note issue was controlled. Beyond a fixed low limit the Bank of England could not issue additional notes without adding an equivalent amount of gold to the reserve in its vaults. Also the notes, by law, were freely convertible into a fixed amount of gold - one pound being fixed at about a quarter of an ounce of gold. Gold coins and Bank of England notes both circulated but, because of legally enforced convertibility, a Bank of England note was "as good as gold", and the combined circulation of notes and gold coins was proportionate to the total amount of gold in the reserves.
Marx showed why, if the total amount of gold is replaced by inconvertible paper money, and if the amount of that paper money is then issued in excess, prices are pushed up accordingly:
the quantity of paper money issued is, for instance, double what it
ought to be, then in actual fact one pound has become the money name
of about one-eighth of an ounce of gold instead of about one quarter
of an ounce
The values previously expressed by the price £1
will now be expressed by the price £2.
Governments since 1938 have followed a policy of continually increasing the amount of currency in circulation, from under £500 million in 1938 to over £39,000 million in January 2004 (Bank of England: Monetary & Financial Statistics March 2004). In 1977 the note issue was £7,000 million, an increase at the time far beyond any increase that would have been necessary because of expansion of total production and trade. In 1976 and 1977, when the government claimed that its 'wages and incomes policy' would curb inflation, the flood of additional paper money went on without interruption.
man, more than any other, who was responsible for abandoning the nineteenth-century
policy of controlling the amount of paper money was J M Keynes, who
declared that it was no longer necessary "to watch and control
the creation of currency".
So for 40 years the major British political parties and the trade unions were misled by the Keynesian policy of inflation into believing that capitalism could be rid of unemployment and trade depressions. The simultaneous existence of both inflation and an economic depression in the late 1970's destroyed Keynesian economic credibility.
'Wage inflation' is an economic myth. When inflation increases through government policy, workers are compelled to struggle for higher wages otherwise their real incomes would fall as they did under the Callaghan government of the 1970's.
What of those economists and journalists who peddle the lie that workers cause inflation? Most have been uncritically taught this economic nonsense when they were students and know no better. It is economic orthodoxy in text books. Marx's work on the subject is a closed book to them.
We waited a year to look again at Mr Hilton's prediction. He was hopelessly wrong. The rate of inflation did not increase as he claimed it would. In fact inflation stayed about the same at under 2% (NATIONAL STATISTICS; Consumer Price Index, January 2002 to July 2003). His piece of journalism was aimed squarely at attacking the working class. That is what he is paid for. Journalists like Mr Hilton are bought men and women. Marx called them "prize-fighters". They produce and reproduce ruling class ideas for a living. The phrase intellectual prostitution comes to mind.
Socialists are bought by no one. We stand on our own two feet and tell the truth. Capitalism, whether with inflation, a stable currency or deflation, can never be made to work in the interests of the working class. However, when capitalism goes wrong, as it invariably does, or when workers try to struggle for increases in pay, capitalist politicians will waste no time in either blaming workers or attempting to split the working class by pitting one group of workers against another.
Of Greed and Need
Greenspan: "An infectious greed seemed to grip much
of our business community"( testimony to the Senate
Banking Committee, 16 July 2002)
The Clapham Party's Cover-Up
It is now over a year since the Clapham-based Socialist Party were officially informed that the World Socialist Party (India) had decided that they would recognise The SPGB and sever links with the Clapham Party. The WSP (I) made their decision after lengthy consideration at their Conference (21-23 February 2003) and notified the Clapham party shortly after. Months later, the WSP (I) were surprised to find their party's details were still listed in the Clapham party's journal, the Socialist Standard, and on Internet websites controlled by the Clapham party. In May 2003 they protested to the Clapham party:
The Ninth Annual Conference (February 21 - 23, 2003) of the World Socialist Party (India) has severed the Party's companionship with the Socialist Party (Clapham) by withdrawing its misplaced recognition of them, while recognizing The SPGB, 71 Ashbourne Court, Woodside Park Road, London N12 8SB as the genuine The SPGB. Thus, the WSP (India) is no longer a Companion Party of the so-called World Socialist Movement. By now, therefore, its name should have been deleted from both the WSM listings in the Socialist Standard and the Website. But it is yet to be done. Well, it should not linger over [ this] any longer.
Clapham Party's General Secretary replied (24 June 2003):
Subject: Re: To delete WSP (INDIA) from the WSM listings: On the matter of your email below, you are correct - the contact details of your organisation will not appear in the next issue of the Socialist Standard (July 2003), and when the comrade who helps maintain the website is back from holiday at the end of this month I will contact him to request that your organisation's details are removed as an affiliate of the WSM.
A misleading statement appeared, belatedly, in the Socialist Standard (October 2003):
April a 15-page circular emanating from the E-mail address of the
World Socialist Party (India) was sent to various people including
ourselves. It contained various allegations against The SPGB and other parties of the World Socialist Movement,
all based on the conspiracy theory that with end of the post-war boom
in the early 1970s and the revolutionary possibilities this supposedly
opened up, pro-capitalist elements had been infiltrated into The SPGB
with the aim of diverting the working-class, particularly in the non-European
World, from learning about real socialism.
But why did they wait from May to September to take the WSP(I)'s details from the listing in their journal?
Their claim that they had not received a reply from the WSP(I) has to be set alongside the fact that many of their members flatly refused to enter into correspondence with the WSP(I), to answer the WSP(I)'s Critique, and, abusively, even demanded not to hear from them again. The brush-off is Clapham's usual way of dealing with those who refuse to support them. Clapham's practice goes counter to The SPGB's openness to debate. You cannot convince your opponents that you have a strong case by hiding your head in the sand and hoping they will fade away. That is the behaviour of those who know their case is weak.
The Clapham party's other method is to try to discredit opponents by smear tactics, an old Leftwing ploy. They like to claim the moral high ground, asserting that they, and they alone, are truly democratic.
In a recent statement, the WSP (India) commented:
things stand, their so-called 'detailed and reasoned reply' had from
the start been well dealt with, and sufficiently evidenced, in the
CRITIQUE and subsequent replies to the many subterfuges from their
followers. Theirs were mere face saving operations to tactfully avoid
the WSP (India)'s exposure of their monstrous distortions, lies and
slanders ...
And on 31 October 2003 Comrade John Thompson from Canada in his resignation letter confirmed:
SP and their baby, the WSM, [are] autocratically maintained and edited
by a small committee in the SP and allowing membership who do not
understand the socialist case
I am opposed to the WSM. There
is a racial promotion in the WSM as well. That is with the recent
introduction of a Socialist Standard sized publication called the
African Socialist. Socialism is a worldwide concept and depends on
workers of the world uniting in emancipation from wage slavery. Socialists
do not promote socialism by continental congress!"
The Clapham people speak in many voices to hide folders of facts behind folders of fiction. And that's their unique 'conception of internal party democracy', no doubt! But what ex-insiders have gathered from the facts is that the WSM is the name of a small Clapham committee's opportunistic game. Who knows who concludes what, when and under what circumstances? And the so-called companion parties of the WSM are in no position to question why, but to hold those fictions high! And that's their 'sound democratic basis', maybe!"
The Clapham party's attempt to conceal the facts was a shabby attempt to deny workers information. That the Clapham party clearly prefers to conceal such matters is a measure of how far the people who run that Party and the WSM have deviated from any principle of democratic organisation.
Ironically, the Clapham party's belated admission that the WSP (India) had left the WSM fold actually represents a small step forward towards something like openness. Maybe they should be congratulated.
After all, when did they get round to admitting to their own members and readers of the Socialist Standard the facts about the 1991 expulsions which led, predictably, to the establishment of the reconstituted The SPGB?
Parliament or Direct Action?
In this day and age the idea of Black Rod solemnly knocking on the door of the House of Commons so that the Queen can go in and read a speech that has been written for her by the government is a piece of nonsense that accords well with the rest of bourgeois tradition.
What we see in parliament today is a mockery of democracy. The chamber of the House of Commons rarely has 10 per cent of its 659 members present. There are probably more MPs propping up the commons bar at any given time than there are present in the chamber. When the Prime Minister and the leader of the opposition are present and due to address the House, only then is it filled to capacity.
The spectacle is one where the front-bench leaders do most of the speaking and the rest jeer and cheer, like a lot of unruly children. There are jibes and counter-jibes, and cheap point-scoring is the game of the day. Order papers are waved wildly but substance and reasoned argument, for the most part, are sadly lacking.
The political confusion and leadership fetishism inside parliament reflect those same conditions existing in the world at large outside. In the absence of a Socialist working class electorate, parliament can only be used by reformist politicians to run capitalism.
It must be remembered that this state of affairs exists because workers are deluded enough to vote for it. It is utterly absurd to believe that anything can be done about Socialism, inside or outside of parliament, without a majority of workers understanding and wanting it.
To regard politics and parliament as uniquely corrupt is a mistake. All the fraud and lying, the extremes of riches and poverty, militarism and conflict, are the normality of capitalism. It is wrong to imagine the institutions of a system built on exploitation as capable of being other than a reflection of the rivalry and the promotion of capitalist class interests which characterise the system as a whole. The warped ideology of nationalism and religion wrapped up in monetary relations permeates the entire edifice of capitalism.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mr. Gary, King of Hospitality is on the move!
Thur. May 14, 2015-Who's Who Diversity in Color Event, Ball Park Village-5:30pm
Sat. May 16, 2015-Bark in the Park-Forest Park- 8:00am-1:00pm
Sat. May 16, 2015- Better Family Life-5415 Page Blvd. St. Louis
Sun. May 17, 2015- Annie Malone May Day Parade- St. Louis, Mo.-Market Street- downtown
Indianapolis 500 Motor Speedway
Fri. 5/22-Vintage Car Exhibition-8:30-10am
Indy Lights Freedom 100-12:30pm
Sat. 5/23- Indianapolis 500 Memorabilia Show-8am-3pm
IPL 500 Festival Parade- 12pm-1:30pm=Downtown
Sun. 5/24- Parade of Bands-8am-9:15am
500 Festival Princess Laps-9:30am


text:
To import users from Slack, there are very simple steps you have to follow:
Note: if you don't have the button [Import employees from Slack], this means you have toIntegrate with Slack first.
Note: In order to be able to import correctly your employees from Slack, please make sure they have setup both First Name and Last Name in your Slack account. Slack gives some tips about how to configure this https://get.slack.help/hc/en-us/articles/204092246-Edit-your-profile"


text: vicdesotelle 0 Report post Posted April 19, 2014 the nav search box will not go away, even though i've removed it in the pagelines setup. How do i remove it? thx ... see http://SnazzyProductions.com search in nav bar at right Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
Blog Posts by Paul Levy
Coming to America!
Article byJanuary 2011
Alistair Begg, Sinclair Ferguson, Derek Thomas, Jerram Barrs, Carl Trueman, Paul Gardner, Mark Johnston, Bill Hughes, Josh Moody and now Liam Goligher. The list could go on....... On the 5th January 1989 the South Wales Evening Post arrived in the afternoon. I... continue
Christmas Preaching
Article byDecember 2010
Christmas Day and Boxing Day sermons to preach and another Christmas is done. This will be my eighth at IPC and I'm officially out of jokes and illustrations. The tank is empty, the screen is blank, there's no juice left... continue
Apologies and Kuyper on the incarnation
Article byDecember 2010
In response to Carl and Jeremy First of all sincerest apologies to my American friends (all 3 of them) for misplacing Jackson, unforgivable really. For the two readers who've anonymously sent me 'Improve your punctuation and grammar' and 'Essential English', perhaps an... continue
I wish it could be Christmas everyday
Article byDecember 2010
From the Reformation 21 video................... 'What does Christmas mean to you?' said Derek Thomas 'The older I get the more difficult it is to get comfortable with Christmas' replied a youthful Jeremy Smith A couple of comments Firstly, I've watched 2 or 3 of... continue
More on Communion with God
Article byDecember 2010
I'm working my way through 'Communion with God', the revamped version by Kelly Kapic and Justin Taylor. It's excellent. When you're as dopey as I am the Banner of Truth Gould edition makes you want to run to your mother... continue
Jesus Power without Measure
Article byDecember 2010
When I was growing up during the 1980s in Wales the preacher everybody loved probably more than any other was J Douglas Macmillan. I only heard him in the flesh a handful of times but each occasion is embedded in... continue
Show me the money
Article byDecember 2010
I note with interest Justin Taylor's competition to raise cash for the Gospel Coalition, all power to his elbow. Here at Ref 21 we'll be coming up with a few fundraising ideas of our own over the next few days for... continue
Article byDecember 2010
When I signed up for Reformation 21 my initial thought was free books; publishers will be sending them in from all over the place to get a plug on Ref 21. So far only my old friends David Gibson and ... continue
Mike Reeves and preaching doctrine
Article byDecember 2010
Big Mike Reeves has been writing some stuff for Ref21, he's also a fantastic preacher. Dave Bish points us to some doctrinal preaching Mike has done which is very helpful.... continue
Truly on the margins
Article byNovember 2010
A word to all you marathon runners, artists, cake bakers! You think you're hard done by try having bad grammar and spelling. I'm like a leper in reformed community.... continue
Reformed Ethics Could Save Your Life
A Review
Beyond Authority and Submission: A Review
A Review
Co-Laborers, Co-Heirs
A Review


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Scenario analysis. Scenario analysis is a process of analyzing possible future events by considering alternative possible outcomes (sometimes called "alternative worlds").
Thus, the scenario analysis, which is a main method of projections, does not try to show one exact picture of the future. Instead, it presents consciously several alternative future developments. Consequently, a scope of possible future outcomes is observable. Not only are the outcomes observable, also the development paths leading to the outcomes. In contrast to prognoses, the scenario analysis is not using extrapolation of the past. ORAPAPA - Decision-Making Skills Training From MindTools.com. A Checklist for Making Better Decisions © iStockphototommasolizzul How often have you seen people make a really bad decision?
Perhaps they evaluated it from a financial perspective, but didn't think about how people would react to it. PEST Analysis - Strategy Tools From MindTools.com. Identifying "Big Picture" Opportunities and Threats (Also Known as PESTLE, PESTEL, PESTLIED, STEEPLE, SLEPT and LONGPESTLE) Learn how to use PEST Analysis to identify the threats and opportunities in your business environment.
Changes in your business environment can create great opportunities for your organization – and cause significant threats. For example, opportunities can come from new technologies that help you reach new customers, from new funding streams that allow you to invest in better equipment, and from changed government policies that open up new markets. Threats can include deregulation that exposes you to intensified competition; a shrinking market; or increases to interest rates, which can cause problems if your company is burdened by debt.
PEST Analysis - Strategy Tools From MindTools.com. Susan Colantuono: The career advice you probably didn't get. How to be a great leader. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid explains new ministerial posts in open letter. Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, Vice President and Ruler of Dubai, has elaborated on the significance of appointing ministers of state for happiness, tolerance, the future and youth earlier this month, in what was deemed the largest overhaul of the federal Government in its history.
On February 8, Sheikh Mohammed announced on Twitter the names of eight new ministers, including 22-year-old Minister of State for Youth Shamma Al Mazrui, Minister of State for Tolerance Sheikha Lubna Al Qasimi, and Minister of State for Happiness Ohood Al Roumi. The Minister of State for Cabinet Affairs post will now incorporate future planning. In his letter explaining the appointments, published on Saturday, Sheikh Mohammed addressed unrest in the Middle East related to lack of opportunities for young people, the regional events which led to the creation of the tolerance portfolio, the importance of happiness for productivity and economic development, plus the country's need to prepare for a post-oil future.
The Paradox of Leadership. Michael Shinagel by Michael Shinagel, former dean of continuing education and University extension, senior lecturer on English at Harvard University, and instructor of Leadership and Decision Making.
According to a recent survey, there are more than 15,000 books on leadership in print. Articles on leadership number in the thousands each year. The obvious conclusions we can draw from these facts are that there are more books and articles on leadership available than we can ever hope to read and that leadership clearly is a crucial and abiding topic of interest to countless women and men in society. Despite the popularity of the topic, leadership remains a paradox. First of all, leaders are not born but evolve into that role. Made to stick. Decoding leadership: What really matters. Telling CEOs these days that leadership drives performance is a bit like saying that oxygen is necessary to breathe.
Over 90 percent of CEOs are already planning to increase investment in leadership development because they see it as the single most important human-capital issue their organizations face. And they're right to do so: earlier McKinsey research has consistently shown that good leadership is a critical part of organizational health, which is an important driver of shareholder returns. A big, unresolved issue is what sort of leadership behavior organizations should encourage. Is leadership so contextual that it defies standard definitions or development approaches? Should companies now concentrate their efforts on priorities such as role modeling, making decisions quickly, defining visions, and shaping leaders who are good at adapting?
Exhibit Four kinds of behavior account for 89 percent of leadership effectiveness. Enlarge Solving problems effectively. The Four Truths of the Storyteller. I'm in the business of creating compelling stories.
As a filmmaker, I need to understand how stories touch audiences—why one story is an instantly appealing box office success while another fails miserably to connect. The Four Truths of the Storyteller by Peter Guber (article), Harvard Business Review Dec 2007 page 53. The 10 Most Important Work Skills in 2020. Dysfunctional group. Leadership and Personal Development. (by George Telfer) "Personally, I'm always ready to learn, although I don't always like being taught.
" (Winston Churchill) Developing leaders at every level is vital for any organisation attempting to gain competitive advantage. Increasingly viewed as fundamental to an organisation's success, it has become integral to many training and development portfolios. However, the degree to which leadership can be taught remains limited.
The first step in developing any organisational learning initiative is to determine the essential needs within the organisation. Etherpad. Trello. Appendix A: Debriefing the Activity. One of the most important skills that a facilitator can offer the group is the ability to help the group learn from and through the activity, and this is done through a "debriefing" process.
The goal of debriefing is to empower the group. Empowerment involves gradually turning over the responsibility for direction and support to the group. Empowering also means helping teams develop their skills and knowledge while supporting them to use their talents. You will never have an empowered, self-directed group unless you are willing to share control. Www.bankofideas.com.au/Newsletter/July10/downloads/GB-Team-Building. Annie McKee Discusses Toxic Bosses.


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Dear Friends,
things are further heating up as we walk ahead in this six days of strongest energetic impact in 5000 years!! Only one day before the astrological events are peeking, the day energy invites us to unleash our inner Spiritual Warrior. Till September 28th the energies will further continue to build up, so keep breathing deeply and take very good care of yourself!!
The numerology of the day 09/26/2015 comes down to 25/7, the vibrations of co-operation,balance, discipline, freedom, openness and trust. Don't forget, of you are a Highly Sensitive person, an Indigo Child or Empath you will be stronger effected than others.
09/26/2015 = 25/7
When we look at today's number "7", you see it is build in three steps the number 2, the number 5 and as result the number 7. The sum or end number shows the energy we feel most driven to express today. The numbers before the slash are the details, we need to take in consideration to get there. So today's path are the numbers 2 and 5. The most triggering today, is the voice of the vibration number 7.
The number two represents the energies of: CO-OPERATION & BALANCE
When we experience the impact of a day with the number 2 in relationship to the number seven, than we talk about a day of inner relationship to our higher self and higher powers.
In yesterdays article I mentioned, that the number 2 represents the point in our live, where we discover that we are not alone. The moment we realize that there are others on the planet with us. I further shared, that the number 2 positively expressed, thrives to create win / win for everyone! And EVERYONE is the key in our today's story.
The inner movement initiated by another crumbling paradigm! The historical karma of the suffering savior, the helpless helper or the wounded healer – are over!!
This collective evolution into the Golden Age of Aquarius requires from us, to be healthy, happy and balanced people, if we go out into the world to serve others with our divine gifts. We are invites to move on to a relationship with our soul's divine guidance, that allows us a devoted service to the bigger picture – while we are taking excellent care of our selves and make sure to help, share and support others only as much – as we truly have the capacity for.
The number five represents the energies of: DISCIPLINE & FREEDOM
The situations, feelings and insights triggered by a day with the numbers 5 and 7 in relationship, are clearing our understanding of personal freedom. Freedom in our modern society is one of the most misunderstood divine qualities existing. Many people think if they make enough money to pay for every service they need, they are free. Others think, that living alone and creating as minimum social interaction or close emotional relations with others as possible, is a sign of personal freedom. But in both cases it is an illusion created by underlying fears of attachment, vulnerability or neediness.
Authentic inner personal freedom is created, by a commitment to absolute discipline in listening to own inner guidance, or higher self, the divine spirit. Be aware on a day with the energies of 5 in the mix, many people experience inner restlessness, irritation or torn feelings. That is exactly the moment to act in determined commitment to our next evolutionary step – and do what ever we are asked to do!The number seven represents the energies of: OPENNESS & TRUST
It is the number of the "Spiritual Warrior"! The quality of natural born leader, natural healer and healing powers! On a day with this energy frequency, the collective consciousness has stronger excess to develop a feeling of faith, to feel their intuition, to reach inner-knowing, hear inner-wisdom, to open channels for psychic abilities, understand our life purpose, and reach spiritual acceptance.
In combination with the influence of tomorrow's moon events, this is a high powered day for deep spiritual awakening, to gain higher awareness, to reach spiritual enlightenment, a day for deep contemplation, thoughtfulness in thought – word – action, independent development and inner alchemy. Take time in the morning for a profound meditation, and you will be impressed how connected you will feel all day long!!!
I hope today's insights support you in being exactly the Divine Warrior you are born to be, and to ride your carriage with clarity and humble pride! Read tomorrow about the impact of the peek day!! The energies of September 27th, the day of the SUPER HARVEST BLOOD MOON!!
Keep breathing deeply! Love and Blessings!
Please feel INVITED to share this post on your website or social media, just always keep the credit and links active! THANKS!!!


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Two former Mixmag Cover Stars have joined forces, as Honey Dijon has provided a belting remix of Jayda G's 'Stanley's Get Down (No Parking on the DF)', which was originally released on her debut LP, 'Significant Changes', in March.
It will be released as part of a four-track remix EP, which also includes a Dâm-Funk'Re-Freak' of 'Move to the Front (Disco Mix)' and DJ Fett Burger's 'F. Second Try Remix' of 'Missy Knows What's Up', as well as an instrumental cut of Dijon's remix.
Discussing the remix, Dijon says, "It was so much fun remixing an artist who has a clear understanding and respect for the foundation of dance music heritage and culture."
'Significant Changes (Remixes)' will be released July 19 via Ninja Tune. Check out Dijon's remix, as well as the project's artwork, below. You can pre-order the EP now.


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May 4, 2018
"You guys may work on this assignment with partners if you choose."
Most people's eyes light up and they get excited about finally being able to "work with," ahem, socialize, with their friends during class. This is the time where you can talk — about school and other things — without the fear of getting yelled at and humiliated when the teacher hears even the softest of whispers.
But for me, this is one of the most disappointing things that could happen at school.
Being a straight A student and frequently being ahead in most classes has been good and bad for me. Getting on the honor roll with a 4.0 GPA every year and being able to say that my lowest grade throughout middle school has been a 93 percent (because what sixth grader actually cared about math? Sorry to all math teachers) have been high on my list of accomplishments. But this also makes me subject to being manipulated by peers.
When a teacher announces to the class that partners will be allowed on an assignment, I hear a lot of "Hey, do you want to be partners?" And my answer stays the same every time. No. I don't say it because I'm cold-hearted or don't want to help people. I say it because 85 percent of the time, whomever I work with expects me to do all of the work and just be okay putting both of our names on the work. I am not okay with that. Actually, I consider this cheating.
The National History Day project is a big deal for AT eighth graders. It can be done as an individual or a group project. Many people tried to persuade me into switching from an individual paper — which was my preference — to a group project.
From experience, however, I knew exactly how this would go. Everything would kick off to a great start. I would do this, my partner would do that, and everything would be pretty equal. But then, about halfway through, my partner would take my drive and concentration on the project for granted, and slowly stop working on the project altogether, leaving me to do the remaining 50 percent of the work and put both our names on the cover page.
Now you may be thinking, well that isn't cheating, but it is. Cheating is "to act dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an advantage, especially in a game or examination." And in terms of my experiences, the advantage for the other person is always the A.
So here's a little life lesson: don't cheat. It's not right, it's not a good representation of your abilities, and it's not cool. And for the most part, the answer to the question,, "Hey, do you want to be partners?" is a firm no,.


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14 May 2009 Edition
Fighting for every vote in every county in Ireland
De Brún was joined for the campaign launch in north Belfast by Gerry Adams, joint First Minister Martin McGuinness, Junior Minister Gerry Kelly and fellow north Belfast MLA Carál Ní Chuilín.
De Brún said:
"Sinn Féin has been out on the ground visiting local communities and listening to the concerns of people across the North. We are a strong voice for local communities when it comes to Europe and when it comes to defending the Peace Process. We are fighting for every vote, not just in north Belfast or the North but in every county in Ireland.
"Our campaign is based on our leadership – and our record at home and in Europe. Sinn Féin will continue to deliver progress on advancing Irish unity, on policing, for local communities, on jobs and the economy, and to challenge those who want to slow down the process of change."
Gerry Adams said:
"We want to maximise the Sinn Féin vote across Ireland and maximise the vote for progress – for political progress, for economic progress and for a new relationship with Europe that puts Ireland first.
"We know that a small number of people are opposed to the progress of recent years and we are asking people to come out to defend the Peace Process, to defend the progress that we have made in the past decade, to give us a mandate for change."


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Happy Birthday Alan Trammell, Hall of Fame Snub and Magnum, P.I. Star
Alan Trammell put together a Hall of Fame caliber career that wasn't quite enough for induction by the Baseball Writers Association of America.
He hit 185 home runs, drove in 1,003 RBI, scored 1,231 times, collected 2,365 hits, made six All-Star teams, won four Gold Gloves, three Silver Slugger awards, and raised the World Series trophy with the rest of the Detroit Tigers in 1984.
A sure-handed fielder, gifted hitter, and all-around stud player.
But more than that, Trammell delivered a killer guest spot on the hit television show Magnum, P.I., alongside teammate Lou Whitaker.
Check it out:
The original air date for Episode 8 of Season 4 was Dec. 1, 1983.
Magnum (played by Richard from "Friends") is in Detroit where he's been everywhere in town except the one place he wants to be – Tiger Stadium. While washing down the disappointment with a cold beverage, Magnum meets with two men who have been to every game of the home-stand … because they happen to be Trammell and Whitaker, who starred as Detroit's double-play combo for 19 years.
And now that he's finally available to attend the 10th (and final) game of the home-stand, tickets are sold out. Luckily, an unsuspecting Magnum is gifted tickets by Trammell and Whitaker as they exit the bar.
Chalk it up to another successful turn by the Tigers double play duo and another clutch performance by Alan Trammell, who turned 59 on Tuesday.


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Hey friends, if you are an anime lover and want to get updated with the daily happenings in the anime universe. I will tell you about an app which not only have daily updated news, but you can read comics as well as download anime games from the app. The name of the app is QooApp apk. This app updates you about the new comics release or new anime game which comes in the market. To know more about this app read the full article.
About QooApp Apk:-
QooApp is one of the best apps to read comics or to download the anime games. What makes it different from other app is that it has a news section where you can know every update of the anime world — the update of new comic releasing or the original anime game launch. The app is available in four languages which are English, Chinese, Japanese and Korean. You can select any language which you feels suitable for understanding. There are four sections Featured, Games, News, and Comics. If you want to read comics go to the comic section and select the comic you want to read. It's a kind of play store where you will find apps which relates to the anime world whether they are games or comics this app is purely dedicated to the anime world only.
If you want to download, anime game goes the games section where you will find the latest or the most trending games. Click on the game you want to download and click on the download button to get the game on your device. If you want to know the latest things happenings in the anime world, then you can go to the News section. You will find the latest upcoming games as well as future comics or next seasons of your favorite anime. Also, you can choose your servant in the app. So this app is all in one you do not have to seek any other app for the latest information. You can have all the data from the same app only.
Features of QooApp Apk:-
- You can read the latest comics release in Japan and Korea.
- Download the anime game from the app itself.
- Latest updates regarding latest season and episodes in the News section.
- The app is available in four languages which are Chinese, Japanese, Korean and English.
- You can choose you're a servant in the app. For this click on your photo and menu will pop up. Then click on summon servants.
How to download QooApp Apk for Android Device:-
Download QooApp Apk through the external link:-
Follow the procedure to download the qooapp apk for android device:
- Firstly, click on the download button given below, and you will be redirected to the google drive.
- Secondly, then click on the "download" option as shown in the snapshot.
- Thirdly, the apk will start downloading on the device.
- After the apk is downloaded then follow the installation procedure.
- Also you can download form qooapp apkpure.
Download QooApp Apk for iPhone:-
You can download qooapp ios apk from the apple store. For this, you should have Japanese apple id if not then you have to create a new one. While creating a unique id change your location to Japan then do the billing address. Choose a hotel address or a proper address to be mentioned of that region in which you are making apple id. Then follow the procedure:
- Open apple store and go to the search bar.
- Type the name of the game you want to download.
- Then search the game and click on the install button.
- The game will start downloading on your device.
- In this way, you can download qooapp ios apk on your iPhone.
Download QooApp Apk for PC:-
There is only one way to download and use qooapp pc with the help of Bluestacks app. Follow the steps to download and install bluestacks as well as qooapp for android device:
- Click on the link given below to download the blue stack app for PC.
- Now open the .exe extension and install the Bluestacks app on your PC.
- After installing the Bluestacks app on Windows.
- Download any apk file from any of the sources.
- You can download from qooapp apkpure.
- Now paste the apk where you have installed the bluestacks software on your device.
- In this way, you can install the qooapp pc.
Also, you must read:- Poker Heat Mod Apk (Free Chips) Download for Android device
How to install QooApp Apk on Android Device:-
The steps to install qooapp apk successfully on an android device is given below:
- Firstly, go to the "Settings" option on your device.
- Secondly, Click on the "Security" option where you will find the "Unknown sources" option as shown in snapshot.
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- Search for the downloaded app and open the quoapp apk.
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- The apk will start installing on your device after complete installation runs the apk.
In short, you can download anime games, read the comics of different genres and the latest news update of the anime universe. Qooapp is all in one app you don't have to search other websites or app for latest anime update. If you are an anime lover then definitely you will like this app. I would recommend you to use qooapp. Also, share this article with your anime lover friends. Please rate the article according to your interest.


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All Tti News
New Tti Podcast!
Tti Podcast Episode 2 Interview with Yuji Sugimoto , Tti Student & Lead Singer of Weaver!
Mihoko Hosoi - STUDENT of the MOMENT!
We are pleased to announce that
** Mihoko Hosoi**
is Tti Schools STUDENT of the MOMENT!
Tti's first ever PODCAST
Check out our first ever Tti Podcast episode featuring an interview with Teacher Luke Vyner and Mel about his company London Language Experience. Also, Teacher Marianne gives us a report from IATEFL (International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language)
** Cinthia Elisa Podlubny** is Tti Schools STUDENT of the MOMENT!
We are pleased to announce that
** Cinthia Elisa Podlubny**
is Tti Schools STUDENT of the MOMENT!
Mel's in the Office!
We are pleased to announce that Mel Palleschi, whom many of you will know as one of Tti's teachers, has changed role to be our Sales and Marketing Executive. Congratulations Mel!
News in detail
Top 10 things to do in London - check out our Blog!
Our current Student of the Moment , Ayaka, has given us her top 10 things to do in London! She's been here for a few months now and has a lot of great tips! At Tti, we choose a student who encompasses what we call the Tti spirit! Ayaka has progressed so much during her time here at Tti and it has been such a pleasure to have her studying with us here in Camden! Here's her London top ten! Enjoy!


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Dark Legacy?on November 2nd, 2014
Welcome to the beginning of the next Henchmen for Hire story arc. The working title of the tale is 'Dark Legacy'. and the reasons for the title should come clear soon enough. You're also getting a glancing look at Mister Carrion, who promises to be a rather unpleasant fellow….
More to come soon!


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IGKO Olympiad Mock Test for Class 10
IGKO Online Mock Test for Class 10
International General Knowledge Olympiad or IGKO Mock Test is available here for class 10. All the mock tests are available in a free PDF format that can be downloaded by students for free. Having a sound information of General Knowledge is very important and every student should strive to learn more about the same. International General Knowledge Olympiad is the best platform from which students can learn a lot of new things and analyse their knowledge in the subject. Solving IGKO Olympiad Mock Tests will not only help you to score good marks in the exam, but most importantly, the it will help you to better manage your time as you will be already aware of the question paper pattern.
IGKO General Knowledge Mock Test for Class 10 will be uploaded soon on this page.
IGKO Online Mock Test for Class 10
- IGKO Class 10 Mock Test ( coming soon )