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Comments on 'Memories (2016 March/April Trade)'
Please note: These comments are the personal opinons of members, and do not represent any sort of official judgement, even if they are made by people in club management. Everyone deserves respect for their creativity; but if you find a negative comment on one of your works, please don't take it personally. On the other hand, genuine personal attacks are not tolerated and any comment containing them will be deleted as soon as we discover it!
|Submitted By
|Peggy B.
New! Entered: 2016-12-14
|Those warm and bright yellows are delightful. The contrast to the browns and greys is stricking. Very lovely scene!
|Laura Melis
New! Entered: 2016-07-15
|This is a wonderful illustration. I really like the arrangement. It looks like a book cover. The choice of colors are good too. With the cool tones mixed with the golden. The brown of her outfit ties it all together. Really nicely done.
|Beth K.
New! Entered: 2016-05-15
|Ooh. I like the vivid amber eyes of the wolves here, and how warm the brown-toned coat Honey is wearing. It's really great to see the link between her memories and a smile here - it shows a lot of growth and change. She looks like she's a lot more confident and secure now. The colour scheme here was a great choice - I wouldn't have thought of pairing the cool greys with a series of warm golds but it really makes for a stunning combination. And I love the little wolf-pups!
|Catrina L
New! Entered: 2016-05-04
|This is wonderful. The colors and the wolves are vary soft and inviting. All the detail work is priceless. the moons just pop and bring it all together.
|Ingrid G.
New! Entered: 2016-04-26
|This is the kind of picture that you can look at again and again and find more details in it each time! I love it! :)


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We got our company HSA deposit today of $600! Yeah! Now our HSA is up to $6800! Super excited about that! Between our $125 deposit per paycheck and the incentives I get for entering my healthy eating and workout points we should get over $10K by the end of the year! Makes me feel so secure to know that even if somethihg horrible happened we would have enough in our HSA to pay for it.
Company HSA Deposit
January 11th, 2012 at 05:11 am
1 Responses to "Company HSA Deposit"
January 11th, 2012 at 02:17 pm
Yay for the HSA funding! It does bring a measure of security!

subset: commoncrawl


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Getting Ready for Earth Day: Getting Greener Electronics
As Earth Day draws ever nearer, we'll focus on ways to save the planet some trouble with some of the things that we all use just about every day: personal electronics. Computers, batteries, radios and the like can really add up when it comes to energy use and e-waste; here are some ways to keep connected while keeping your gadgets' footprint small.
1) Check out our top five tips for reducing computer energy use; if you're shopping for a new one, take a peek at Asus' bamboo notebook (the greenest laptop yet?) and watch for RoHS and EPEAT certifications, and when your through with your 'puter, be sure to recycle it.
2) When it comes to batteries, rechargeables are the way to go for alkaline; read this guide to learn more about caring for other rechargeables (like the one in your cell phone).
3) Crank power can replace many common plug-in chargers; we picked a handful that include wind-up cell phone chargers, remotes, flashlights and radios. XM is reportedly working on a wind-up satellite radio, and some even combine functionality, like this cell phone/flashlight combo.
4) For greener listening, speakers like these hemp cone jobs, Panasonic's bamboo speakers, Pioneer's reclaimed whiskey-barrel speakers and these crazy gourd speakers are just a few of the options available for the discerning green music fan.
Check out our guide to How to Green Your Electronics for more tips on green gadgetry, and stay tuned for more ideas for a greener life in preparation for Earth Day.


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LUZ CARISSAThursday, December 5, 2019 9:38:31 AM
Sign in with Facebook Other Sign in options. While scouting out apartments in London for her Venetian boyfriend, Carla rents an apartment that overlooks the Thames. There she meet the lesbian hyper-horny real estate agent Moira. Consumed with sadness after the death of his wife and subsequent rejection from his son, a widower, at the urging of his friends, opts to appear on a vulgar, wildly popular game show for An attractive, yet neglected housewife will have a Guide to erotic films affair behind her husband's Guide to erotic films at Mantua's renowned literary festival.
After the renewed flings with their former lovers prove to be disastrously unlike the romantic memories, an unfaithful couple returns to each other. ForestLuigi Laezza. A chronicle of the life of a middle-class French girl's sexual adventures, her then fall into prostitution, and her ultimate redemption. Four film students embark on a group project investigating call girls.
Leadership squabbles and creative differences, along with a dangerous proximity to their documentary subjects, leads to disaster. Award winning filmmaker Karen Everett gives us a no-holds-barred look at her sexually charged love life by revealing every juicy detail. While examining the human ability to redefine Paul and Agnes have been going out for quite a while and Agnes is shocked to learn that he'd rather live with two roommates on campus than move in with her.
As soon as he meets one of his The story of three teenagers: The story of Mickael - judo fanatic and doomed lover - and his parents, both Chacun Sa Nuit explores the carnal interdependencies among a host of characters who live in a town in provincial France. At the center of it all is Pierre Arthur Duponta conceited and Not Rated min Drama, War.
The Nazi occupation Guide to erotic films Tunisia strains the bonds of friendship between a Muslim woman and a Sephardic Jewish woman who are both preparing for their marriages. A married man in his fifties who has lost all interest in his wife suddenly meets Juliette, a young woman. She reignites love in his life but triggers violent arguments with his wife.
Their indifference soon turns into chaos. Jacky KatuLou Viger Stars: A delightful and painful tale of losing the innocence of childhood in the People's Republic of during the Cultural Revolution.
When a young boy accidentally discovers a hole in his Lucie lives with her father Hugo. Her mother has been gone for a year and the Guide to erotic films brought father and daughter even closer.
However, when the mother returns, Hugo's taken by A womanizing reality-TV producer Spencer unwittingly sleeps with a mysterious woman Alisonwho turns out to be his own stalker. Alison then kidnaps Spencer and holds him hostage while Bill Pollard is the very image of a mild-mannered suburbanite.
He is a calm and stable husband and father, and teaches biology at Thatherton Community College. He is also hopelessly Not Rated 70 min Comedy, Drama, Romance. The line between a relationship and a role play gets blurred, when Eugene a lonely married guy, answers a craigslist posting by the mysterious Elenore. A down and out journey into a land of raunchy and bizarre sexual encounters. Jackson is a struggling artist with a dead end job and a terrible love life.
Lately his loneliness is getting Camp Beaverton is the Home for Wayward Girls, the only queer, all Ana GrilloBeth Nelsen. Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet! Copy from this list Export Report this list. Refine See titles to watch instantly, titles you haven't rated, etc. Feature Film 20 Short Film 1. IMDb user rating average 1 1.
Threesome Short, Drama 6. Tell Your Friends Share this list: Tell us what you think about this feature.
Other Lists by mrluvableu. Romantic Collection Of MrLuvable. Short Movies Worth Watch.
Audible Download Audio Books. Best Erotic Movies of All Time. by apoorv-dcooldude | created - 21 Nov | updated - 03 Oct | Public.
Refine See titles to watch instantly, titles What are the uses of film beyond making sense of them correctly? compete with continental european erotic films, either by producing home-grown takes on. the coverage of the Erotic Film Awards, for example, the editors offer a move illustrates Velvet's Erotic Film Guide's desire to take on a position as "expert.


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EDINBURG, Texas (November 21, 2018) – The Rio Grande Valley Vipers (5-3) continue to stay undefeated at home after a comeback win against Maine Red Claws (2-5), 94-91.
The Vipers spread the ball around evenly as four players collected at least two points in the first. Dakarai Tucker led the charge with six of his own. On the other end of the court, Marcus Georges-Hunt took the reins on offense as he grabbed 11 points of his own to help the Red Claws manage a 21-14 lead at the end of one.
The second quarter told a different story as the Vipers struck for 29 points, outscoring the Red Claws. RGV tied the game late in the quarter but Maine squeezed a couple of points by to maintain their lead going into the break 45-43.
Bruno Caboclo led the Vipers with 11 points at the half, closely followed by Tucker with nine of his own. The Maine scoring effort was split between Georges-Hunt who racked up 19 points and PJ Dozier with 13 points.
An evenly matched third quarter kept both teams in the hunt. Angel Rodriguez silently collected four steals and added eight assists by the end of the period. Rodriguez hit both of his shots from the charity stripe to give the Vipers their first lead of the game, 64-42, at the 4:03 mark. Maine managed to reclaim the lead going into the quarter break, 75-69.
Georges-Hunt continued to be the primary scorer for the Red Claws with 25 points. Walter Lemon Jr. crept into the offensive conversation as he tallied 14 points of his own accompanied by five steals.
RGV went ahead by six as they led 84-78 at the 7:05 mark of the fourth, their biggest lead of the night at that point. A high energy squad came out in the final period for the Vipers as they stole the show and closed out the night with the big win to extend their home win streak to four. Michael Frazier and Rodriguez ended the night with a double-double apiece. Caboclo was just two points shy of the scoring lead with 22 points. Tucker was the big man of the night on offense with 24 points marking his season-high.


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04 Mar 2019
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Alfa's compact saloon seduced everyone with its styling, but it was also great to drive. Cracking engines, as you'd expect, along with brilliant front-wheel-drive handling.
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Fund Fee Transparency In Focus As Times Investigation Shows Fees Still Hidden
A year ago the FCA, the UK's financial sector watchdog, ordered fund houses to clean up the way they add charges to funds promoted to UK investors. These were often far from transparent with retail investors often unclear exactly how much of the money they paid into funds was going to the provider. However, a year on and a new investigation by The Sunday Times into the transparency of fund fees suggests than some providers have still not made the kind of changes requested of them. In some cases, investors could be losing up to half of the returns generated by the assets the fund is invested in charges. The regulations introduced a year ago demanded that funds advertise all charges as a single percentage figure, also provided in pounds and pence for additional clarity. And charges need to be clearly displayed before an investor makes any commitment to invest. The idea is to not only mean investors know exactly what they will be paying to invest through a fund without the need to make complicated calculations but also that it is easier for them to compare competing offers. However, the Sunday Times' Money investigation discovered that different fund providers have interpreted the new regulations in different ways. The result is that some are still managing to hide full, transparent disclosure until investors have signed up, at which point the final bill can triple once all fees are accounted for. Fund charges represented differently by different providers still make comparison difficult. And up until now, no fund house has been penalised by the FCA for failing to adhere to the new demands for transparency. There are, however, fund providers who are setting a good example. The Sunday Times highlights that Hargreaves Lansdown, the UK's biggest investment platform by market share, together with Tilney BestInvest and Fidelity are doing well by their investors. All three clearly publish the cost of funds, platform charges and transaction fees before a customer opens an account. Chelsea Financial Services is part of the way there, clearly disclosing charges that apply to the 100 funds it recommends. However, it offers over 2000 in total and full details on the rest are only displayed to registered account holders. Taken to task as still failing in their transparency levels are the Share Centre, Charles Stanley, Interactive Investor and AJ Bell YouInvest. Significant variations in the charges applied by otherwise comparable funds can have a significant impact on the returns investors achieve. With average long term returns historically around 5% annually, the difference between fund charges totalling 1% and 2% is major. Over 20 years, the recommended outlook for an investment portfolio, a £50,000 pension fund returning an average return of 5% would generate total profits of £82,665 absent of any fees or charges. If fees amount to 1% of the capital invested that profit falls to £59,556, a hit of 28% over the whole period. However, if fees add up to 2%, that falls to £40, 206, costing the investor almost £20,000 over the 20-year period. Investment returns are accumulatively boosted over the long term by the compound effect when the returns of one year are added back into the investment pot. The same rule means returns suffer more than many investors may suspect over the long term when what seems like a relatively insignificant 1% per annum is lost to higher charges. Critics of the FCA argue that the industry watchdog has not done enough to enforce its new fees transparency directive. However, in the meanwhile, those investing online can also vote with their investment capital by shunning fund providers and investment platforms that fail to do enough around fee transparency on their own initiative.
Risk Warning:
Please remember that financial investments may rise or fall and past performance does not guarantee future performance in respect of income or capital growth; you may not get back the amount you invested.
There is no obligation to purchase anything but, if you decide to do so, you are strongly advised to consult a professional adviser before making any investment decisions.


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The Apartments of Elios Holidays Hotel are located on the ground floor, on the first or second floor and are about 40m² - 45m² in size. They view the garden, while some overlook the garden and/or the lush mountain. They are equipped with two double beds or two double beds, a single bed and a sofa bed or a double bed and two single beds. They all have a kitchenette, a bathroom with shower and a balcony or terrace with outdoor furniture. They can accommodate up to four adults. A baby cot is available upon request, free of charge.
The room photos are absolutely indicative and may vary in furniture, beds and décor.
If you are looking forward to build up a new and successful career in the tourism industry, please send us your CV and we will be in contact with you as soon as possible.
Send your CV at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Maggie Laine makes us love Pink at the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2016. Maggie Laine modeled for the Love Pink Collection in the Victoria's Secret fashion show in a unique back piece.
The Victoria's Secret always have us dancing to the more fun and younger side in their Pink collection. The brand showcases lingerie for a younger customer base and aim to make it look more funny and preppy.
This year's Victoria's Secret Pink collection was filled with great pieces and the perfect model to showcase one of the Pink gifts was Maggie Laine.
Maggie, younger among the 51 models featured in the show, the embodiment of everything Pink. The blonde American beauty was bubbly and smiling giving a radiance associated with being young and pretty.
See the Best Photos of the Victoria's Secret Show 2016
Victoria's Secret model Maggie wore a forget me not blue two piece which included bra and a brief style panties. The panties and bra were of sheer lace with lining. The lace had a beautiful floral design across. Combined with that, she wore a big, pink bow back piece.
Maggie Laine looked like a wrapped, exhilarating gift. The bow had a pink long terrain which slid on the floor gracefully as she walked down the ramp. The bow was lined with blue-grey trim.
The back side of the terrain has a delicate blue grey embroidered pattern over it. She also wore signature Love Pink thigh high white socks with chunky heeled boots with black, blue and pink straps.
Maggie came and threw up her arms while flashing a brilliant smile. She then turned to give a side pose while her blonde locks jumped with each step. She flaunted a very feminine pose in an Instagram post that she posted from behind the stage.
She captioned the below picture, "Still in ahh from last night. Thank you so much again @ed_razek for this amazing opportunity. I get to now say I walked in the ladies super bowl wrapped up in a pretty #PINK bow!!!!"
The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is months in the making. This year the show marks the 20th anniversary of the sexiest runway show. The Victoria's Secret fashion show has grown to a global TV event that draws an audience of about 500 million people world-wide.
CBS will broadcast the 1 hour Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2016 on December 5 at 10pm ET. The taped show will be shown in 190 countries around the world.


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RescueNet – Your Computer Problems Solved via the Internet
What is RescueNet Remote Support?
With our revolutionary new RescueNet remote support technology, you have access to cost effective computer repairs via the Internet.
All you have to do is call us and run the software on your PC. We will then be able to look at, and fix, your computer directly from our offices, as if we were in front of your PC. Most computer issues can be solved with this technology. All you need is an active Internet connection. RescueNet can be used on PCs, networks or servers, even through a Firewall. RescueNet is guaranteed to be completely secure. It will only connect to Future PC, through 128bit encryption and we can only access your PC when you initiate the connection. Call us to confirm the problem can be solved online and we could be fixing your software faults online within minutes.
Why RescueNet?
This technology can offer many significant benefits to you, including:
- No travel costs or callout fees. Cheaper repairs!
- Quicker response than would otherwise be possible.
- No need for physical access to your site.
- Ideal for online training and 'how do I' questions.
You may appreciate that remote support could save money for many people, so if you do know anybody who has computer issues or could benefit from this, feel free to forward this page.
Call us on 0800 944 844 right now for a free demonstration of this amazing technology.
Getting Started with RescueNet Remote Access Support
- Call us on 0800 944 844 to verify the problem can be solved via RescueNet.
- Download the software onto your desktop.
- Windows-Users click here.
- Double-click on the file and contact us to begin the repair process.
- 1. Call us
You will need to give us a call on 0800 944 844 to get started as we need to verify your computer issues can be solved remotely, and be ready to start the process from our end. We can guide you through the easy process over the phone.
- 2. Download the program file
Download the program file. Users of Windows XP click here. Users of Windows Vista click here.
If you have not already got the RescueNet icon on your desktop (looks similar to the icon on the right). You will need to download it to your desktop. Right-click on the download link above and select 'Save Target As' and then save it to the desktop navigating to the desktop in the dialog box and clicking 'Save'
If you are having trouble downloading the files but still have access to email, we can send you the RescueNet file via email. Give us a call on 0800 944 844.
It is a good idea to leave the RescueNet file on your desktop for future use. This is completely safe as it will only connect to our office when you run the program and then double-click on a technician number. At Future PC we ensure that our clients computers and networks are never exposed to unnecessary threats and wish to confirm that RescueNet does not compromise your security.
- 3. Call us and run the software
When you are ready, give us a call ( 0800 944 844) to get the process started
icon.gifTo begin, just double-click the RescueNet icon on your desktop. This icon should look similar to the one that appears to the right. If your internet browser gives you a warning about running executable files, just click OK or Run to continue.
A dialog box like the one below should pop up. You will need to double-click on the 'Future PC Technician' option that the technician asks you to.
A little icon like the one on the left in the illustration below should appear, along with the information bubble.
After the connection has been established, the icon will change so that it has a green colour, like the icon in the illustration below. While this icon appears and has a green colour, we can access and control your desktop. If the icon is not there and the software is not running, we no longer have access to your desktop.


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WESTERN MAN is everywhere being stampeded and over-whelmed by the smear techniques and terms of the Left.
These are evocative terms, expertly designed to crackle with danger and to trigger off reactions of hate and fear.
They are part and parcel of the propaganda and psychological warfare of the Left, by means of which millions of people are being intimidated, controlled and, like Pavlov's dogs, made prisoners of their own induced fears.
"Racist" is one of the worst terms. It is not defined so that the victim may disagree or defend himself. It is so hurled, as an accusation of some vicious crime, that it presumes automatic condemnation without trial.
Correct, a racist means a person who approves his own race, maintain his racial self-respect, and prefers to live in the society of his own people, according to his own culture and way of life – all of which implies no hostility to any other race. Millions of human beings of all races, in fact most of humanity, are racist by that definition.
Yet what do we find today?
The true racist is being smeared and persecuted by the propaganda of the Left, for no other reason than that he still has the courage openly to approve his own race and is determined to maintain his own racial and national integrity, in the face of the collective assault from the Left.
Another vicious smear of the Left, perhaps the most effective and deadly in its arsenal, is that of "anti-Semitism".
This too, is so spat out by the Left, even in print, as an accusation of a most heinous crime, that the victim is again automatically and immediately placed right beyond the pale.
This smear is grounded on the false assumption, now accepted as almost axiomatic, that the powerful Jewish minorities in all the countries of the West are entitled to special immunity from fair criticism and fair opposition of any kind. The very term minority has come to denote a small, helpless and, above all, an absolutely inoffensive element of human being!
And it was because of this "special immunity" which is assiduously fostered by the Left, that we were immediately of "anti-Semitism" when, in our reasoned editorial in the August issue of the "South n destroy the concepts of race and nation among the people of the West, but not those of the unassimilable minorities in their midst; and secondly that those in the forefront of the drive to abolish race consciousness and to impose equalitarianism on the world, including South Africa, are those who themselves live by a code of the most rigid racial, national and religious exclusiveness.
We also found it necessary to point out that their ant-racism, imposed with the fervor of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages is serving to break down the racial dynamism of Western peoples, while at the same time reinforcing and building up their own minority racism – to the point that Jewish publicists today describe their own people as a master race innately equipped with an intellectual apparatus making them superior to all other races and peoples!
The "Pretoria News" on its front page on August 7 represented our article as one of the "most vicious and blatant outbursts of anti-Semitism ever to appear in South Africa."
Obviously, the editor of this newspaper was acting on the assumption that open enquiry or discussion of any aspect of Jewish political activity was taboo, automatically making any inquirer after truth guilty of the crime of "anti-Semitism".
No definition of the terms was offered, and the editor of this Oppenheimer-controlled Argus newspaper would have been hard put to furnish one. What he needed to be told was that although controversy has been strangled into unconsciousness it is not yet altogether dead.
He also needed telling that it is the height of hypocrisy to pretend that Jewish participation in "multiracial" and "nonracial" politics does not constitute a serious problem, now and in the future; and that it is, furthermore, the extreme folly of falsehood to use the "anti-Semitic" label to prevent open discussion of a question which is increasing in political importance and clamoring to be decided – now that Jews in South Africa, like their co-racials in other Western countries, are taking leading and increasingly more open roles in promoting equalitarian doctrine which threaten to undermine and destroy the foundations and very fabric of Western nations.
In his zeal to plaster the "South African Observer" with "anti-Semitism", the editor of the
"Pretoria News" quite forgot to spit out the other two deadly smears of the Left, namely "Nazi" and "fascist". What he didn't fail to bring up, however, was the subject of the "Six Million", as if the mention of any aspect of the Jewish problem by anyone implied some complicity in the matter. (We don't know what this editor tells his children when they ask: "What did you do in in the last war, daddy?" Our children know that we served in the South African Forces.)
The chairman of the Pretoria Jewish Community Council, Mr. Arnold Kirsch, was allowed to "Lash Back at S.E.D. Brown", on the front page of the "Pretoria News" by saying that "the Jewish ethic was one of understanding and compassion for the oppressed" and that "Mr. Brown's dismissal of the greatest tragedy in the annals of modern society, namely the extermination of six million Jews in Europe (as well as a number of non-Jews), highlights his complete ignorance or denial of the fundamental facts of history."
But what the editor and Mr. Kirsch literally failed, or perhaps refused, to understand was that our article had nothing whatever to do with "anti-Semitism" or the question of the "Six Million", but it had everything to do with the race problem, and was an attempt on our part to get to the heart of the problem, and to help strip away some of the fraud and the hypocrisy with which the subject is enshrouded.
Had we been dealing with the tragedies of the modern world and with the subject of inhumanity to man, our condemnation would not have been as selective as that of the Left, whose moral indignation has been reserved strictly for one country only.
As a public and a timely service, we would also have focused attention on all the other atrocities and tragedies of the modern world, with members of the Left have always done their best to conceal and who, when confronted by all the undeniable and indescribable suffering of the boundless millions of other decent and innocent human beings, are as dry of pity as a Gila monster scuttling among the cacti of eternal desolation.
In the Soviet Union and Red China alone, at least 90-million poor wretches have been savagely tortured, slaughtered and starved to death to build the socialist paradises, and millions more will continue to die to maintain these and other havens of equality and brotherhood being set up throughout the world.
Any survey of atrocities undertaken by us would also have included those in Algeria, Tibet, Angola, the Congo, the Sudan, Nigeria, Rwanda-Urundi, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Cuba and elsewhere, including Israel (whose treatment of the Arabs in 1947 was incidentally described by D. Arnold Toynbee, a life-long friend of world Jewry as "morally" comparable to the Nazi extermination of the Jews").
We have no interest in "anti-Semitism", nor are we in the least intimidated by the smear.
Our fundamental concern in the question of Race is the same as that of the mass of plain men throughout the world who wish to see the problem settled in the open upon natural, final and rational lines.
And it was precisely because we believe in the concepts of race and nation, as firmly and passionately as do the Jews believe in their own race and nation – and because of the increasing threat to our survival as a White nation that is being posed by their identification with the politics of integration and complete equality with Blacks and other non-Whites in South Africa – that we attempted in our August editorial to probe the amazing contradiction that those in the forefront of breaking down racial discrimination are the one race who really know how to discriminate and do so.
But instead of a reasoned reply to our article from leaders of South Africa Jewry, we were immediately assailed by the smear techniques of the Left.
To seek and accept facts bearing on a problem is moral, but to promote programmes and to preach conclusions on vital matters without seeking and evaluating facts is immoral.
Intellectual dishonesty is fundamental immorality.
Denial that racial differences do exist and denial that serious harm can result from racial integration and hybridization is clearly intellectual dishonesty, no matter how liberals, multi-racialists, non-racialists, internationalists and communists might dress up that denial in the rhetoric of brotherhood and humanitarianism.
It is sheer intellectual dishonesty to ignore such basic laws of God as genetics (generation and heredity); of facts revealed by anthropology and ethnology (study of mankind's development); and the lessons of history. For, if they were familiar with the laws of Life and Nature, which, after all, are Divine Laws, they could not honestly advocate doctrines which, they should know, would have ruinous biological, sociological and political results.
To ignore the potent forces of race, nation, family and the immense powers of tradition, history, civilization and religion, is to make oneself guilty not only of intellectual dishonesty of the worst kind, but of the sheerest folly. For in so doing, one becomes an instrument of destruction of the peoples and nations of the world.
The golden rule, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you", would obviously apply not only to the White peoples, but also to the Black, Brown and Yellow peoples of the world. It would also apply to their posterity. It certainly calls for racial self-respect on the part of all peoples and respect for one another's societies.
But it certainly does not call on any of them to integrate and make racial hybrids of their posterity and to destroy themselves and their nations and traditions in the process.
The problem of race cannot be solved by means of the currently fashionable, but spurious, doctrines of equalitarianism, manifesting themselves everywhere in popular clichés such as: "All men are brothers under the skin"; "People differ in ability as individuals not as races"; "All men are equal, irrespective of race, color or creed"; "There are no ineradicable differences between the races"; and all the other liberal-communist jargon which is flooding and demoralizing the world.
This subversive doctrine does not have its roots in Life, nor in historical Christianity as the "Christian" modernists would have us believe. It springs directly from Communist ideology, based on the false theory that hereditary characteristics can be changed merely by changing the environment. It is the warp and woof of Communism to say that to unmask equalitarianism is to knock the bottom out of both communism and liberalism.
This in short, is the spurious doctrine which under the protective coloration of brotherhood and a professed love and compassion for all mankind, is paralyzing the will and instinct of Western man to stand up for his racial and national integrity, and which is undermining the foundations and destroying the very fabric of Western civilization.
It is this equalitarian dogma, too, which has reduced the life-important question of segregation and the development of races and nations to an issue of "racism" and "racial prejudice".
In truth, however, the question is fundamentally one of the right of all peoples – White, Brown, Yellow specific civilization.
Race consciousness, it must be emphasized, is not race prejudice. It is not intolerance. It is the deeply ingrained awareness of a birthright held in trust for posterity.
Everywhere one sees Western man guilt-ridden and bemused by the smear technique of the Left.
Everywhere one sees the mass media saturating the public with the scientific fraud of equalitarianism, whose aim is not compassion, or the search for truth but the hybridization and collectivization of all mankind.
And everywhere we see the amazing and quite unbelievable paradox: that the most active promoters of equalitarianism and the most vociferous of the anti-racist are the very people who them-selves live by a code of rigid racial, national and religious exclusiveness!
And what of the future?
Anyone who has studied the background, origins and motives of equalitarian dogma, must know that if domestic, foreign and world policies continue to be based on such inversion and travesties of the truth as this dogma, then little hope remains for the survival of the White man, his nations and his civilization, let alone for any stability or peace in the world of the future.


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Bit synchronizer with early and late gating
This device generates clock pulses which are synchronized with the bit data rate of an input antipodal bit pattern. The device can be used with multiple input data channels whenever such channels are synchronized, i.e., the periodicity of each channel is the same and the phase relationship between channels is fixed. For example, it can be used with QPSK modulation with two input basebands; or with biphase shift keying, frequency shift keying, or other types of modulation with only one baseband input. The circuit uses a form of delay lock loop which estimates the mean zero crossing instant of the input data stream. It compares the zero crossings with early and late gates which are generated on the basis of prior analysis of the input stream. A multiple transition detector circuit is employed when the operating environment is very noisy to inhibit the counting of multiple zero crossings during a combined early gate/late gate period.
Latest Ford Patents:
1. Field of the Invention
This invention is a device for synchronizing an input data stream which consists of an antipodal pattern, i.e., where the data has one of two states which can be represented as values above and below a reference axis. Thus, the device has applicability in biphase shift keying and frequency shift keying receivers. It can also be used with multiple input streams when such streams are synchronized, e.g., in QPSK modulated signals.
2. Description of the Prior Art A prior art search was conducted but uncovered no patents for bit synchronizers using early and late gating and the use of an up/down counter as a statistical averager, as in the present invention.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The demodulated and prefiltered input signal is run through a sign sense amplifier, a pulse generator, a pair of AND gates, to an up/down counter, to a digital/analog converter, to a lead network, to a voltage controlled oscillator and to pulse phase logic which creates early and late clock pulses that are fed into said AND gates to create early and late gates. The early gate corresponds to a time just before the mean zero crossing instant of the data stream, i.e., the average point in the bit period at which the signal crosses the reference axis. The late gate corresponds to a period of time in the bit cycle starting with the mean zero crossing and ending a pulse width later. The width of the pulse as a function of the bit period is preselected. The result is that the rate of clock pulses will correspond to the mean value of the bit period, i.e., the length of time required to denote a "one" state or "zero" state.
Optional circuit means are employed to inhibit overflow in the up/down counter and to inhibit the counting of zero crossings when there is other than a single zero crossing in a combined early gate/late gate period.
The device can also be used to synchronize pulses from more than one input data stream when said streams are synchronized, i.e., they have the same periodicity and a fixed phase between individual streams. In such case, the front end of the circuit, i.e., the sign sense amplifier, the pulse generator, and pair of AND gates, is duplicated for each input stream and is combined using OR gates with the front ends for the other input streams .BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other more detailed and specific objects and features of the present invention are more fully disclosed in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an "eye" pattern for a typical antipodal input stream, i.e., a time-superimposition of many pieces of the input stream;
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment of the present invention usable for a single input stream;
FIG. 3 is a set of waveforms of the early and late gates of FIG. 2 as a function of the mean zero crossing of the input stream;
FIG. 4 is a set of waveforms showing the derivation of clock pulses for the circuits shown in FIGS. 2 and 6;
FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment of the invention usable for two synchronized input data streams; and
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an overflow inhibitor and multiple-transition detector useful in the present invention.DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 is an "eye" pattern of a typical input data stream which the present invention is capable of synchronizing. This eye pattern is a result of a superimposition, e.g., on an oscilloscope, of many pieces of the input data stream amplitude as a function of time, each piece being two bit periods long. The shaded areas represent places where signals have been present at any time during the sampling period. In this case, the input data stream is in the form of a band-limited binary waveform such as might be received from the output of a band-limited communications medium. However, it must be remembered that the present invention can be utilized for any antipodal pattern, i.e., one in which the information in the data stream is represented as either a positive value (logical "one") or a negative value (logical "zero") about a reference axis.
The left half of FIG. 1 represents nearly one bit period and the second half of FIG. 1 represents nearly a second bit period. In each case, it is seen that the bit period is represented by many occurrences of a "one" at that instant and many occurrences of a "zero". The ideal point within each bit period for making a decision as to whether the particular bit is a "one" or "zero" is seen to be that point which is exactly half way into the bit period, for it is here that the character of the bit is most sharply delineated, as evidenced in FIG. 1 by a narrow band of tracings on the oscilloscope. It is also seen from FIG. 1 that the exact zero crossing instant (i.e., that instant when the data goes from a "zero" state to a "one" state or vice versa) varies somewhat due to the vagaries of the propagation medium. This variance is represented on FIG. 1 as a broadening of the tracings on the oscilloscope. The present invention statistically estimates the mean or average zero crossing instant.
It is to be noted that a zero crossing does not necessarily occur between every two bits since the data could arrive at the receiver as a succession of ones or a succession of zeros before changing state in crossing the zero, or reference, axis.
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment of the invention which is usable with a single input data stream. The demodulated and prefiltered input signal, which can be represented as a voltage, is applied at terminal 5. This is referred to as the baseband signal. This is fed to the input of sign sense amplifier 15. This can be an operational amplifier or a Schmitt trigger. Amplifier 15 creates a binary waveform from the input analog signal. If the signal is anything positive, the output of amplifier 15 will be at a constant high or "1" level. If the input is anything negative, the output of amplifier 15 will be a constant low or "0" level. The signal is then fed to pulse generator 25, which is a monostable multivibrator that trips on a changing state, either a 1 to a 0 or a 0 to a 1. If monostable multivibrators are employed which trip only on a unidirectional changing state, two such multivibrators can be OR-ed together to accomplish this function. Pulse generator 25 produces an output pulse which is arbitrarily short but long enough to trip counter 45. The pulses are fed as a first input to each of AND gates 35 and 36.
These pulses are segregated by AND gates 35 and 36 respectively into two groups. The first corresponds to zero crossings which occur in an early gate period, which in the preferred embodiment shown begins 25% of a bit period before the mean zero crossing instant and ends at the mean zero crossing instant. See FIG. 3 for a depiction of this and other time relationships.
The late gate, which is controlled by AND gate 36, corresponds to zero crossings which occur during an interval of time beginning with the mean zero crossing instant and terminating, in the preferred embodiment shown, 25% of a bit period later. The 25% figure is arbitrary and is simply that figure which is used in the preferred embodiment. The actual percentage is determined by the width of the pulses, which are denominated clock A corresponding to the early gate and clock B corresponding to the late gate, and which are fed as second inputs to AND gates 35 and 36, respectively. The output signals from AND gate 35 are fed to the "up" input terminal of up-down counter 45, which in the preferred embodiment is a modulo 4096 up-down counter. Similarly, the output signals from AND gate 36 are fed into the "down" input terminal of counter 45. The counter keeps a running total of the relative number of up or early gate crossings with respect to the number of down or late gate crossings. The counter has a maximum capacity of 4095 and thus can average over many zero crossings in the data. If this count should ever be exceeded, then the value outputted by the counter would revert to the actual number modulo 4096. The counter function can be visualized as an integrator in the delay lock loop of the present circuit.
The output of counter 45 is a set of 12 wires, which is necessary to convey a binary signal representative of a digital number from 0 to 4095. The value accumulated by the counter is continuously sent in binary form over these wires to digital-to-analog converter 55, which converts this value to an analog voltage.
The output from digital/analog converter 55 is fed through lead network 60 to voltage controlled oscillator 75, whose input range has been selected to be compatible with the output range of converter 55.
The lead network is necessary because counter 45 and VCO 75 are each integrators. Thus, the lead network is necessary to provide a phase margin to establish nearly critical damping. The lead network comprises resistor 65 connected in series between converter 55 and VCO 75, capacitor 67 connected in parallel with resistor 65, and resistor 66 which is connected between the input of VCO 75 and ground. The lead network puts higher frequency signals through faster than lower frequency signals.
VCO 75 is selected to run preferably at a harmonic of the output frequency of sense amplifier 15. Typically, it is run at twice said frequency. The output frequency of the VCO is equal to a constant rest frequency plus a quantity equal to the gain of the VCO in hertz per volts times the input voltage applied to the VCO.
This output signal is applied to pulse phase logic 80, which produces the clock A and clock B fed to AND gates 35 and 36. The operation of pulse phase logic 80 can best be seen by reference to FIG. 4, which illustrates the waveforms at various points of this part of the circuit.
The first waveform of FIG. 4 is a pulseform superimposition representing the input data stream after processing by amplifier 15. The shaded portions of this pulseform represent the occurrences of zero crossings of the input stream, whether the zero crossing be due to a negative-to-positive or a positive-to-negative transition.
The second waveform in FIG. 4 is the output voltage waveform of VCO 75. It is seen that this is a square wave which in this preferred embodiment is running at twice the frequency of the input data, i.e., there are two complete cycles of the VCO output for each bit period of the first pulseform.
This signal is fed to the input terminal of inverting amplifier 86, to the input of divide-by-two flip-flop 85, and to one input terminal of AND gate 96. The output of inverting amplifier 86 is fed to one input terminal of AND gate 95. The Q output of flip-flop 85 is fed to the second input terminal of AND gate 95. The Q (inverted Q) terminal of flip-flop 85 signal is fed to the second input terminal of AND gate 96.
It is seen that amplifier 86 inverts the VCO output, i.e. "one" becomes "zero" and "zero" becomes "one".
It is seen that the Q terminal of flip-flop 85 is activated when the input signal to flip-flop 85 changes state from a zero to a one; the signal on the Q terminal of flip-flop 85 is the logical inverse of the signal on the Q terminal.
From FIG. 4 it is seen that the output of AND gate 95 is the set of pulses known as clock A, which is fed to an input of AND gate 35. The output of AND gate 96 is a set of pulses denominated clock B and is fed to an input of AND gate 36. These pulses coincide with the early gates and late gates, respectively (compare FIG. 3).
Pulses of different widths can be generated by changing the configuration of pulse phase logic 80.
The operation of the synchronization can be seen by noting that if the input data stream experiences a zero crossing in the early gate period, the up terminal of counter 45 will be pulsed. This will raise the voltage produced by converter 55 and raise the frequency of VCO 75. Thus, the frequencies of clock A and clock B also increase. The result is that at this new increased frequency, the early and late gates will occur earlier on successive VCO output cycles. Thus the zero crossing will occur within a late gate interval. This causes a decrement of counter 45 and a slowing of the clock pulses. Thus, the clock pulses stabilize at a phase which corresponds to the mean zero crossings of the input data stream at the frequency of the input bit rate.
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the invention wherein two input data streams are employed, such as in staggered QPSK. This design will work for any two synchronized antipodal data streams, however. The demodulated and prefiltered input baseband signals are applied at terminals 5 and 6 and correspond to the I baseband and Q baseband of the QPSK signal, respectively. The Q baseband is processed similiarly to the I baseband of the single data stream embodiment, i.e., sign sense amplifier 16 squares the wave and pulse generator 26 trips on a change of state. AND gate 37 establishes the early gate for the Q baseband and AND gate 38 establishes the late gate. The signals from AND gates 35, 36, 37 and 38 are not fed directly to counter 45. Rather, the outputs of AND gates 35 and 37 are first combined by OR gate 43, whose output is connected to the up terminal of counter 45. Similarly, the outputs of AND gates 36 and 38 are fed to the input of OR gate 44, whose output is fed to the down terminal of counter 45. Because of this connection an early gate zero crossing from either the I baseband or Q baseband will increment counter 45, whereas a late gate zero crossing from either the I baseband or the Q baseband will decrement said counter.
In this case, pulse phase logic 80 is wired to produce four clocks, A, B, C and D, which are fed to AND gates 35, 36, 37 and 38, respectively. Clocks A and C correspond to early gates and clocks B and D correspond to late gates. All clocks run at the same frequency; the phase shifts between clock A and C and between clock B and clock D are equal to each other and to the phase shift between the I baseband and Q baseband input signals. The phase shifting necessary to generate clocks C and D is accomplished by incorporating conventional phase shift logic within pulse phase logic 80.
For synchronous QPSK, in which the I and Q zero-crossings are aligned, it is desirable to insert delays of half a bit period in the lines between gates 37 and 43 and between 38 and 44 to insure separation of the I and Q early gates the late gates.
The invention can similarly function when an arbitrarily large number of input signals are employed. The only requirement is that these signals be synchronized, i.e., they have identical periodicity and fixed phase differences. Each signal is processed by its own front end comprising a sign sense amplifier, pulse generator, and pair of AND gates. All the front end processors are combined by the two OR gates 43 and 44, which separate the early gates from the late gates. The number of clocks produced by pulse phase logic 80 is equal to twice the number of input signals (one clock for an early gate and one clock for a late gate). Each clock operates at the same frequency, and the phase difference between each pair of clocks is equal to the phase difference between corresponding input data streams.
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of some additional features which can prove to be very useful to the operation of the invention.
NAND gates 48 and 49 serve to inhibit overflows within counter 45 as follows: The range of counter 45 is from 0 to 4095 bits. It is desirable to prevent the incrementing of the counter beyond 0 (2047 is taken to be the nominal reference point of the counter), since not doing so would cause a jump in the set of outputs which represent the normal or Q output of counter 45 and which is fed as the input to digital/analog converter 55. The Q outputs are also fed as the set of inputs to 12 input NAND gate 48, whose output is connected as one of the inputs to 4 input AND gate 46. AND gate 46 controls the up input of counter 45. When the count contained in counter 45 becomes 4095, all the Q outputs are logical "ones"; thus, the output from NAND gate 48 becomes a 0, which places a 0 at the output of AND gate 46 regardless of what the other inputs to AND gate 46 are, thus inhibiting the incrementing of counter 45. Similarily, Q represents the logical inverse of the Q output of counter 45. The 12 Q leads are fed as input leads to 12 input NAND gate 49, whose output is fed as one of the inputs to 4 input AND gate 47. AND gate 47's output is connected to the down terminal of counter 45. When the count within counter 45 becomes a 0 all the Q wires contain a logical 0 and thus the Q wires each contain a logical 1. Therefore, the output of NAND gate 49 is a 0 and the output of AND gate 47 will be a 0, regardless of what the other inputs to AND gate 47 are, thus inhibiting the decrementing of counter 45.
The remaining new items shown on FIG. 6 constitute a multiple transition detection circuit useful in a very noisy environment. The noise can cause spurious zero crossings during the gating intervals. The circuit proceeds on the assumption that if there is more than one zero crossing during a combined early gate-late gate interval, all are spurious and therefore should not be counted. Counter 40 counts the number of zero crossings during each combined early gate-late gate interval. It is reinitialized at the beginning of every such interval by means of pulse Z, which is produced by pulse phase circuitry 80 as a pulse of brief duration occurring at the beginning of each early gate pulse (clock A for the single input stream embodiment) as shown in FIG. 4. The outputs of AND gates 35 and 36 are fed as inputs to OR gate 39, whose output is fed to the input of counter 40.
Counter 40 counts all the zero crossings during the interval, whether they be from the early gate or late gate. A mod 4 counter is selected for counter 40 because it is assumed that either the chances of getting four zero crossings during a combined gating interval are vanishingly small or else the environment is so noisy as to render the data quality virtually useless. Q.sub.1 is the least significant bit stored in counter 40 and Q.sub.2 is the most significant bit. Q.sub.2 is the logical inverse of Q.sub.2. Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 are fed as inputs to AND gate 41, whose output is an input to each of AND gates 46 and 47.
Thus, it is seen that if a single zero crossing has been registered by counter 40 during a particular early-late combined gating interval, a 1 will appear at the output of AND gate 41. If, on the other hand, 0, 2 or 3 zero crossings have been registered in counter 40 during that interval, the output of AND gate 41 will be a 0, which inhibits the production of output signals by both AND gates 46 and 47. Thus, those zero crossings which are assumed to be caused by noise will not register in counter 45.
Flip-flop 42 serves as a short term memory as follows: The output of AND gate 35 is also fed to the set input terminal of flip-flop 42 and the output of AND gate 36 is also fed as the input to the reset terminal of flip-flop 42. Flip-flop 42 works on the principle that if the last input signal reaching it came in over the set line, Q will be a logical 1 and Q will be a logical 0. If, on the other hand, the last signal reaching flip-flop 42 came in over the reset line, Q will be a 1 and Q will be a 0. Q is fed as an input to AND gate 46 and Q is fed as an input to AND gate 47. An additional pulse Y is generated after the completion of each combined gating interval by pulse circuitry 80, as shown in FIG. 4, and is fed as an input to each of AND gates 46 and 47. This constitutes a strobe or sampling instant for AND gates 46 and 47. If these AND gates have not been inhibited by AND gate 41 (or NAND gates 48 and 49), in other words, if there has been a single zero crossing during that interval, the operation of flip-flop 42 insures that 46 will register an up count if the zero crossing were in the early gate and 47 will register a down count if the zero crossing occurred during the late gate.
During testing of the invention, the recovered clock jitter was quite small, contributing no significant degradation to the error probability intrinsic to the signal. At high values of E.sub.b /N.sub.o the jitter of the recovered clock reduced asymptotically to a minimum value determined by the data pattern induced phase jitter. This level is a function of the bit synchronizer loop band width or averaging time. In all cases examined, the asymptote was sufficiently low as to not contribute measurably to decision error probability.
The above description is included to illustrate the operation of the preferred embodiments and does not limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims. From the above discussion, many variations will be apparent to one skilled in the art that would yet be encompassed by the spirit and scope of the invention.
1. Apparatus for synchronizing an input antipodal data bit stream having a bit period and having crossings about a reference axis, comprising:
- means for statistically estimating the mean crossing with respect to time of said input data stream;
- means for generating an early gate for each bit period whose on-duration is a predetermined percentage of said bit period, said early gate embracing crossings that occur just before said mean crossing and a late gate for each bit period whose on-duration is a predetermined percentage of said bit period, said late gate embracing crossings which occur just after said mean crossing; and
- means for changing the frequency of said gates in response to the frequency of said input data stream.
2. Apparatus of claim 1 further comprising means for inhibiting the counting of crossings when there is other than one crossing per combined early gate/late gate period, said inhibiting means comprising a modulo-four counter connected to said estimating means and to said generating means.
3. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein the widths of the early and late gates are each equal to 25% of the bit period of said input data stream.
4. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein said generating means comprises clock production means and two AND gates.
5. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein said frequency changing means comprises a digital/analog converter and a voltage controlled oscillator.
6. Apparatus of claim 1 wherein said estimating means comprises an up/down counter.
7. Apparatus of claim 6 further comprising means to prevent overflow within said counter.
8. Apparatus for synchronizing an input antipodal bit stream comprising:
- a sign sense amplifier connected to said stream;
- a pulse generator connected to said amplifier;
- two AND gates connected to said generator;
- an up/down counter connected to each of said AND gates;
- a digital/analog converter connected to said counter;
- a lead network connected to said converter;
- a voltage controlled oscillator connected to said network; and
- pulse shaping logic connected to said oscillator and to each of said AND gates, said logic creating pulses that are synchronized with said stream.
9. Apparatus for generating clock pulses at the same frequency as each of a plurality of synchronized input antipodal bit streams comprising:
- connected to each stream, means for generating a pulse whenever said stream changes from a low to a high condition and from a high to a low condition;
- connected to an output of each pulse generating means, an input of a first AND gate and an input of a second AND gate;
- wherein each of said first AND gates is ORed to the up terminal of an up/down counter and each of said second AND gates is ORed to the down terminal of said counter; and
- means for creating two clock signals per stream wherein said signals are fed to the AND gates associated with that stream and occur at the stream frequency.
|March 1966
|October 1966
|Geraghty et al.
|November 1966
|September 1968
|Kluever et al.
|December 1969
|January 1970
|Bailey et al.
|May 1970
|Nahay et al.
|June 1972
|November 1973
|December 1973
|VanLoon et al.
|August 8, 1978
Type: Grant
Filed: Jun 21, 1979
Date of Patent: Jul 21, 1981
Assignee: Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation (Detroit, MI)
Inventor: Frank Chethik (Palo Alto, CA)
Primary Examiner: Thomas A. Robinson
Attorneys: Edward J. Radlo, Clifford L. Sadler
Application Number: 6/50,566
International Classification: H04L 522; H03K 500;


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World Soil Day: Farmers, soil stewards
Dec 05, 2015
Saturday 5 December, is World Soil Day. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations kicked off World Soil Day of recognition in 2002, and we're using the occasion to celebrate the role healthy soils play in building productive and profitable farms.
By getting the trace elements in the soil right, farmers on Australian dairy farms often find they have the potential to drive increased milk production
Regular soil testing is necessary to make informed decisions on fertiliser use and soil management and the interpretation of soil test results is key to making the most cost-effective fertiliser choice. Dairying for Tomorrow's Fert$mart program includes a range of tools to help advisers and farmers get soil "right" and make informed, cost-effective fertiliser management decisions.
Australian Dairy Farmer's (ADF) Natural Resources Policy Advisory Group Chair, Daryl Hoey said insufficient fertiliser negatively impacts on pasture growth. This means less pasture and means farmers have to increase supplementary feeding or reduce stocking rates. Too much fertiliser, or fertilising at the wrong time means wasted resources.
"The key is to have the balance in soil just right so that nutrients are available for optimal pasture growth and are not lost in run-off into waterways and dams," Mr Hoey said.
Soil health can also be improved by the implementation of a well-managed effluent system. Effluent is a valuable resource for reducing fertiliser costs, increasing soil fertility, adding organic matter to soil and providing valuable nutrients and moisture to crops and pastures.
"We now have a better understanding of effluent management than ever before," Mr Hoey said. "The industry has moved away from a waste product mentality to taking a resource utilisation approach and, as a result, not only do we have improved productivity on farm, we are leaving our soils in better condition now and for future generations."
Australia's dairy farmers have always had a strong commitment to environmental sustainability with industry bodies such as ADF and Dairy Australia coordinating a range of industry programs to help farmers manage fertiliser use, improve soil health and minimise the impact of effluent.
The dairy industry's sustainability framework Mr Hoey explained, underpins the whole of value chain effort to minimise the environmental footprint of dairy.
"The framework has been used to identify priority areas, goals and objectives for sustainability," said Mr Hoey. "It sets the scene for industry programs like Fer$mart and farmer investment and practices to deliver better results for both farmers and the environment."
"Dairy farmers have a real commitment to managing land and water responsibly, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and protecting natural resources for future generations," said Mr Hoey.
"And as a bonus, many farmers are finding that, with proper soil and fertiliser management, they can produce more feed at no extra cost."
To find out more about the role healthy soils play on Australian dairy farms take a look here.
August President's Message
Aug 18, 2015
The Australian dairy industry has historically managed price volatility, global supply and demand issues and the fluctuations of the Australian dollar to good effect, maintaining international competitiveness, innovation and resilience to market volatility.
While we're in volatile times, there is a lot more to be factored into the market in the next few months. Rather than panic, we need to ensure we are prepared
for the short term difficulties facing us and remember that the long-term outlook for dairy is positive, despite current market volatility.
Industry needs to work to its strengths as a cost-efficient milk producer of quality dairy products in order to face the expected challenges. Within the industry there are considerable resources and work being applied to help dairy farmers confront the volatility challenge. Australian Dairy Farmers (ADF) is working in partnership across the industry and with government to undertake work and analysis to support Australian dairy farmers in their decision making.
It is reasonable to ask why up until now the Australian dairy industry has not been affected to the same degree as New Zealand. Unlike New Zealand Australia has more the 50 percent of its production consumed domestically. This provides a dampening effect on the downward trend of international markets on farm gate pricing. Our product mix has also allowed for the pricing trends to be less severe. However, there is no doubt that this international pricing impact is placing downward pressure on expected farm gate pricing that was not even seen two to three months ago.
Those farmers who supply processors that are uncontracted and exposed to world export pricing should treat the 2015/16 season with a significant amount of caution, understanding their underlying costs and being aware of input costs which will affect profitability.
Whether you're a farmer, state organisation or peak body, we are all striving for the same outcome – a healthy and sustainable dairy industry. Industry projects such as the Sustainability Framework and the Australian Dairy Vision help provide a strategy for ADF's efforts. On this note, it is with great pleasure that I welcome Benjamin Stapley as incoming Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of ADF. With a strong background in member advocacy, stakeholder engagement, policy development and media management, Mr Stapley comes into the role after two years as Director of Policy and Regulation at the Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association (PACIA).
I look forward to the fresh perspective and expertise that Ben brings to the role and along with my fellow Directors, National Council and staff look forward to working with him to continually improve the sustainability and profitability of farmers across all dairying regions. I hope you will all join me in welcoming Ben to our dynamic industry when he commences as CEO on 1 September 2015.
Noel Campbell
ADF President
President's Message - June 2015
Jun 15, 2015
Whether at the farm gate or in the board room, stopping to take stock, acknowledge success and identify areas for improvement is essential to ensuring any good business remains on track to deliver desired outcomes.
Consuming with Care: The Dairy Way
Jun 05, 2015
Producing more from less is a constant theme on Australian dairy farms. From reusing water in the milking shed, to ensuring the pasture our cows graze on can be effectively turned into milk, efficiency is the number one buzz word on farm.
Consuming resources with care underpins everything we do on farm because we know it will ensure the sustainability of our businesses, our industry and our planet in the decades to come.
This year on World Environment Day, June 5, the United Nations will reinforce the importance of consuming with care. Whether it be adopting renewable energy systems on farm or switching off the lights at the power switch, our individual decisions and actions count towards a larger goal of preserving not only the environment but the well being of humanity and our economies.
On June 5, Australian dairy will stand proud on its continuing commitment to minimising our environmental footprint as part of dairy's broader commitment to establishing a more sustainable dairy industry. This commitment is recognised and promoted through the industry's Sustainability Framework.
Demonstrating the interdependent nature of dairy's profitability, well being and natural resource management, the Sustainability Framework shows the progress dairy has made thus far as well as acknowledging the work left to do by 2020.
On-farm examples of sustainable practices abound. South Australian share farmers, Andy Vickers and Belinda Wright soil tested 20 farm paddocks and were able to reduce application of phosphorus fertiliser to about one-third, meaning big cost savings, less nutrient runoff, reducing green house gas emissions and better environmental outcomes.
Overall, the industry's Fert$mart nutrient management initiative has helped farmers, including 120 in recent months throughout Tasmania, Gippsland and South Australia, to achieve on average, a savings of approximately $12,000 per farm.
On King Island, a group of nine dairy farmers co-ordinated the installation of solar hot water systems for dairy sheds, an innovation making the most of renewable energy sources and also forecast to cut hot water costs by up to 50%.
From these grand scale projects to the everyday actions, all dairy farmers play an important role in creating a sustainable Australian dairy industry and consuming our resources with care. This includes everything from monitoring electricity consumption and equipment performance and having some level of automated irrigation to manage water use efficiently, to feeding cows a high quality diet to increase milk production and reduce green house gas emissions.
Australian Dairy Farmers (ADF) has been advocating for the Federal Government's continued funding towards energy efficiency programs, as well as enduring investment in R,D&E in the Government's consideration of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions targets and policy.
Working with Dairy Australia, ADF has lobbied for nationwide funding for free energy efficiency assessments for dairy farmers that has already helped 1,200 farms – with another 200 due for completion by June 2015.
Supportive policy could assist farmers in tackling rising energy costs, while also contributing to the dairy industry's – and Australia's more broadly – environmental sustainability. We're committed to ensuring Australian dairy's voice is heard through government policies that support our industry, however there are many areas where we can already act to make a difference.


text:
Real Madrid president Perez leaves door open for Ronaldo and Zizou returns
- 2018-09-23
- 241 views
Real Madrid president Florentino Perez has heaped praise on Cristiano Ronaldo and Zinedine Zidane, saying the club will always be their home.
Both men departed Los Blancos in the summer, Ronaldo joining Juventus and Zidane resigning after back-to-back Champions League victories.
'There are two figures that I want to refer to: the worthy successor of (Alfredo) Di Stefano and the club's top scorer, Cristiano.
'During nine seasons, he has been a benchmark and his achievements will be recounted from generation to generation.
'Another of our great references is and always will be Zidane.
'As a coach, he has entered the history books as a giant of Real Madrid. He won nine titles in less than three years, with three Champions League triumphs.
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Chopin, Frédéric
[ (shoh-pan, shoh-pann) ]
A nineteenth-century Polish romantic composer (see romanticism) who spent most of his career in France. Chopin is known for his expressive piano pieces; he composed almost exclusively for that instrument.
The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.


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The Fifth Amendment, in the field of federal activity, and the Fourteenth, as respects state action, do not prohibit governmental regulation for the public welfare. They merely condition the exertion of the admitted power, by securing that the end shall be accomplished by methods consistent with due process. It results that a regulation valid for one sort of business, or in given circumstances, may be invalid for another sort, or for the same business under other circumstances, because the reasonableness of each regulation depends upon the relevant facts.
The New York Legislature passed a Milk Control Law that established a Milk Control Board with the power to fix minimum and maximum retail prices charged by stores to consumers for milk. Defendant was a storekeeper who was found to have sold milk for less than the price fixed by the Board's order. Defendant asserted that the statute and order violated the equal protection clause and the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court held that the contention that discrimination deprived defendant of equal protection was not well founded because there was no showing that the order placed him at a disadvantage or affected him adversely.
Does the Federal Constitution prohibit a state from fixing the selling price of milk?
The law-making bodies have in the past endeavored to promote free competition by laws aimed at trusts and monopolies. The consequent interference with private property and freedom of contract has not availed with the courts to set these enactments aside as denying due process. Where the public interest was deemed to require the fixing of minimum prices, that expedient has been sustained. If the law-making body within its sphere of government concludes that the conditions or practices in an industry make unrestricted competition an inadequate safeguard of the consumer's interests, produce waste harmful to the public, threaten ultimately to cut off the supply of a commodity needed by the public, or portend the destruction of the industry itself, appropriate statutes passed in an honest effort to correct the threatened consequences may not be set aside because the regulation adopted fixes prices reasonably deemed by the legislature to be fair to those engaged in the industry and to the consuming public. And this is especially so where, as here, the economic maladjustment is one of price, which threatens harm to the producer at one end of the series and the consumer at the other. The Constitution does not secure to anyone liberty to conduct his business in such fashion as to inflict injury upon the public at large, or upon any substantial group of the people. Price control, like any other form of regulation, is unconstitutional only if arbitrary, discriminatory, or demonstrably irrelevant to the policy the legislature is free to adopt, and hence an unnecessary and unwarranted interference with individual liberty.


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Attraction Information
- Parks and Playgrounds
Suitable for all ages
Venue type: Outdoor
Greenhead Park is a Green Flag award winning park close to Huddersfield Town Centre that has been open since 1884 and is still a popular place to get away from the hustle and bustle of offices, shops, and stress, as it is the perfect place to unwind, spend time with friends or family, and play!
The park has large play areas over two sites, including a separate enclosed area for younger children with sand play, slide, swings and wheelchair friendly roundabout. The main play area has a tall climbing structure with tube slide, zip wire, basket swing and much more. Both play areas have picnic tables nearby for families to enjoy. A traditional play area is also available, and you will find numerous fitness areas designed around adult fitness but equally appealing to kids.
There's a miniature railway on a third of a mile track that run weekends and Bank holidays March through autumn from 1.30pm to 4pm (weather permitting) and on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons in the school summer holidays. There are bonus themed rides at Easter, Halloween and Christmas, too!
An ornamental lake, fountain, and summer paddling pool make this park extra special, so you might want to take towels and a change of clothes in the warm, or even not so warm, weather.
There are also tennis courts, bowling greens, a large skate park and 2 cafes!
- Restaurant Onsite
- Snacks Available
- Picnics Allowed
- Onsite Shop
- Toilets Available
Getting There and Contact Information
Trinity Street, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD1 4DT, England
Click here to visit Greenhead Park's website
01484 225555
Standard Opening Times and Pricing
Opening hours
November - February
Monday to Sunday 07:00 - 18:00
March - April
Monday to Sunday 07:00 - 20:00
May - August
Monday to Sunday 07:00 - 22:00
September - October
Monday to Sunday 07:00 - 20:00
Free admission


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by Diana Gabaldon
Released: August 30th 2005
Series: Outlander #5
Published by Dell
Pages: 1443
Format: eBook
Recommended Read!
"One thing is for sure… No one can write like Diana Gabaldon can."
~ Under the Covers
Continuing the epic saga of Jamie and Claire, THE FIERY CROSS is rife with the trials and tribulations of our favorite characters. Gabaldon keeps things interesting with the various twists that occur in this book. However, my favorite aspect of this book has to be the small, intimate family moments sprinkled throughout. It's not a strange notion, especially now with five books in the series that the characters feel a lot like family to the reader. If you're anything like me, you love and there are even moments where you hate them. However, no matter what you feel like you already know them. So as Gabaldon explores the lives of the others like Brianna and Rogers, etc, everyone becomes one big family by the end.
I've been in the mood for epic romance sages. After trying and enjoying THE BRONZE HORSEMAN, I went straight into this one and found that Gabaldon's writing style and voice can be considered a character itself. There's so many layers to her writing and the attention to detail in each scene is all due to the amount of research she does for these books. I read somewhere that it takes her 2-3 years to write one of these books and it amazes me because I can only assume that the writing journey is just as long and consuming as the books are for readers. One thing is for sure… No one can write like Diana Gabaldon can.
Favorite Quote:
"Bedding her could be anything from tenderness to riot, but to take her when she was a bit the worse for drink was always a particular delight.
Intoxicated, she took less care for him than usual; abandoned and oblivious to all but her own pleasure, she would rake him, bite him – and beg him to serve her so, as well.
He loved the feeling of power in it, the tantalizing choice between joining her at once in animal lust, or of holding himself-for a time- in check, so as to drive her at his whim."
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Let us know your thoughts in the comment box below!
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When it comes to books I'm pretty adventurous. I read everything from Paranormal Romance to Urban Fantasy, New Adult, BDSM, LGBT fiction, Cozy Mysteries and even YA. If it's got the littlest trace of romance in it, then I'll probably read it. That being said, my all-time favorite authors are J.R. Ward and Karen Marie Moning.
When I'm not submerged in a good book, you can find me musing about makeup and planners or dreaming about Kpop boys and beaches. Until then, check out my reviews and let's talk books!
Latest posts by Annie (see all)
- ARC Review: Brewed Awakening by Cleo Coyle - December 2, 2019
- ARC Review: Wicked Hour by Chloe Neill - December 2, 2019
- ARC Review: Lethal Balance by Cherise Sinclair - November 26, 2019


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I believe we all share that inner craving for a few free moments for ourselves. Not just dads – everyone. Through my 1990's teal-tinted glasses of nostalgia, there seemed an abundance of free time back before I could really appreciate it.
That's not to say I don't enjoy having a relatively full schedule constantly. As I learned through many a cram session during college, sometimes I'm at my best when I'm under the most pressure. But there has to be a release valve – preferably one I can deploy on my own terms.
During those same college years, that release was to take a drive.
Usually late at night, when traffic was light and the roads were dark.
Of course, as the years went on the stressors rose and opportunities waned. There are times now that I'd swap mortgage, parenting, and career worries for books, hangovers, and semester finals in a heartbeat. On top of that, the straight, flat, and crowded roads of South Florida are both boring and infuriating in equal measure. A simple drive just doesn't cut it anymore.
Which is why I decided to terrify and confound my wife this past September, and plan an extended excursion with the implicit purpose to just. Go. DRIVE.
However, the goal wasn't solely to assuage stress. It was time to release the Kraken; or in other words, get my garage-queen of a Z06 into somewhere resembling what I perceived as its natural habitat.
We Have Nothing To Fear But Horsepower Itself
There are a couple of problems that come with owning any sports car. For me, the two biggest were the rear wheels – or rather, the amount of power they were capable of unleashing with a stab of the go pedal.
If I'm being honest, I didn't respect the car so much as I feared it. Lots of power in a relatively lightweight body has a way of biting you directly in the ass – and somewhere along the way between 19 and 29 I'd developed a healthy fear of death. Apparently, becoming a husband and father will do that to you.
As a result, I was overly cautious 90% of the time I was behind the wheel.
The thing is, piloting a powerful vehicle with fear can be just as dangerous as doing so with ignorance. Panicking once it gets away from you on a tight off ramp or wet street will lead to disaster just as quickly as irresponsibly romping on the gas at every streetlight.
I didn't like being afraid of the monster in my garage. I needed to learn how to tame it.
And because I like doing things the hard way, a trial by fire was the only possible solution. I coordinated with a few friends of mine who share a passion of the automotive variety, read everything and spoke to everyone I could about driving tips and techniques, and set my sights on the Smoky Mountains of western North Carolina.
Finding a Dragon to Ride is Harder Than it Sounds
It was a little before 6:00 a.m. on a Saturday. The violet hues signaling the impending sunrise dueled with the opaque shadows wielded by the forest. The smoke-tinged fog cut visibility to episodes 15-feet in length of vague, desaturated shapes. I was chasing the red ghosts of taillights in front of me on a narrow country road as they flew right, then left, then disappeared before beginning their dance again.
It was at this exact moment that I realized I might have bitten off more than I could chew.
The day had started two hours prior. The four of us rose from bed, double checked tire pressures and fluid levels, and hit the highway from our home base in Atlanta, intent on reaching one of the most infamous roads in the world: US 129. Deals Gap. Or, as it's more commonly known to most vehicular enthusiasts; The Tail of the Dragon.
Estimates vary, but it's generally held that this particular section of the mountain highway connecting North Carolina and Tennessee is home to more than 300 curves over a scant 11 miles.
But we weren't anywhere near the Dragon. We were lost.
It took a literal end of the road for us to acquiesce and finally turn around. Fortunately, we were back on track soon enough, and rolled into the parking lot of the tiny lodge that serves as the starting landmark of the dragon's tail slightly before 8:00 a.m.
There was no time for ceremony. Eager to attack the road before it was clogged with the usual weekend traffic, we began.
This Was Supposed To Be Relaxing, Right?
The great irony of this trip was believing the driving itself would set my mind at ease. It was in fact quite the opposite.
As the turns kept coming, my thoughts went into an endless loop, combining all the tidbits I'd picked up during the preceding months.
Brake in a straight line. Look through the turn. Be judicious with the throttle. Smooth inputs.
And the tires. The tires! Keep them under load as much as possible. Listen to them. Don't panic when you feel them start to give a little.
Most of all, DON'T PUSH IT TOO HARD. Try to enjoy yourself.
The twisting asphalt seemed to go on forever, and yet was over all too quickly. We found ourselves at the unofficial end – an overlook high above a winding river and waves of evergreen trees. The sun was now hanging lazily a quarter of the way above the horizon, bathing everything in a stark yellow light. My forearms were sore. I was trembling slightly with adrenaline. We were four men with our trusty mechanical steeds surrounded by nature; yet all one.
I didn't realize it at the time, but this was the single most valuable moment of the trip. This brief respite book-ended by bouts of total focus and engagement – this was fulfillment. I was living completely in the moment.
And it was only the beginning of the journey.
Of course, it was fleeting, but it was worth it. I somehow now understand addiction much better.
Why You Need to Go Out and Ride Your Own Dragon
We rode the dragon once more. We then headed back south; single lane, two lane, even four lane roads winding up, down, and around mountains of rock and foliage. Every turn of the wheel and prod of the pedal unlocked more comfort and confidence.
We spent the entire day on those roads, only stopping briefly to admire the architecture and sample the wares of Helen, GA. – a curious wonder built in the spitting image of a small German town, complete with cobblestone streets.
We arrived back to Atlanta late in the afternoon, full of piss and vinegar. Vinegar in the form of personal experiences and stories; and piss in the form of…well, there weren't a lot of bathroom breaks.
At the end of the trip, I fired up the V-8 and pointed the front bumper back toward the wide and tame superhighways of South Florida. But I wasn't the same man that had left. I had caught a brief glimpse into myself and what makes me tick. I'd discovered a novel feeling – one of complete satisfaction in the moment – and learned how I could grasp it again in the future. Furthermore, I'd set a goal and achieved it. And it made me as a person objectively better than I'd been when I left.
I also learned a lot about my car; how it responds when pressed, and just how incapable I was of touching its enormous limits. The intimidation was finally gone; replaced with a mutual (I hope) respect.
Even for those among us who view cars as little more than appliances, I highly suggest a trip like this. You'll give yourself the opportunity to expand a necessary skill set, discover or relive that feeling of being totally dialed in, and if nothing else – enjoy breathtaking vistas not found anywhere else on the planet.
And when you do, invite me, please.


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Beyond Worldly Longmont Furnace Repairs
Realizing that your furnace is having problems is the first step in recognizing that you may have a future of problems when it comes to your heating system. We offer Longmont Furnace Repairs in order to keep up with your furnace. Our Longmont Heating Contractor can troubleshoot your furnace in order to find out the exact problem. Correctly diagnosing the problem is what Groulx Mechanical Heating & Cooling is known for as well as keeping us from returning to fix the same problems over and over.
There are lots of problems that a dirty filter can cause to your system. You will encounter a dirty filter with your furnace. When you experience it; you need to replace the filters or it will need costly repairs and need checked regularly.
Thermostat Issues
The thermostat is the main artery of the furnace. It's what runs it and keeps the temperatures to their desired settings. You could have problems with your thermostat if it's not producing the heat that you need it to be.
Gas Furnaces
The problem with older gas furnaces is they were simple at one time. Now a gas furnace is very complicated. That's why it's always best to have a professional look at them, especially when dealing with a fuel source such as gas.
Time and Money
Knowing about your furnace will help eliminate being taken whenever hiring someone to repair it. You'll actually save a lot of time and money whenever you call Groulx Mechanical Heating & Cooling to attend to your furnace. Being in Longmont, we have seen it all when it comes to furnaces.
Electric Furnaces
There are plenty of reasons to have an electric furnace. They are one of the most efficient ways to heat the home safely. You'll appreciate your furnace whenever you see all the benefits that an electric unit offers:
- Repairs cost less
- Safe
- Inexpensive way to heat
Troubleshooting the furnace needs to be done in a timely manner as Colorado gets mighty cold. We inspect the system first then troubleshoot for damages. This allows us to accurately get to your problems.
There are many things around the home that should only be touched by a professional. Unless you do them in your everyday work; they need to be done by licensed professionals. You can trust the work done by Groulx Mechanical Heating & Cooling. We do repairs and much more in order to keep the warmth inside your Colorado home.
For up to date furnace repairs, call us. We'll be more than happy to attend to your problems day or night. We even have an emergency service for problems that occur after hours.
Recent Articles
The weather in Longmont, Colorado is a clear 64 degrees Fahrenheit today. With 0% precipitation, 25% humidity, and a low 7 mph wind, a great afternoon can be planned. Tomorrow, though is a different story, with 34 degrees as a high and precipitation at 60%, we'll be sure to see some snowfall before midnight. Colorado…Read More


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The great thing about New York is there are plenty of people looking to run, whether you're headed to Central Park, along the West Side Highway, or along the East River. While there are plenty of places to run in NYC, if you're new to the city and want to run but are not sure where to go, running groups are a great alternative. While the city is safe in almost every part of Manhattan Island, you may feel more comfortable running with a group, especially in the dark or if you're worried about getting lost.
There are also many stores that have flagship sites throughout the city that sponsor free events like weekly group runs. Athleta, New Balance and Lululemon all have running groups that meet weekly. Even better, these running groups can be found across the United States, so if you are traveling to a new city, check these stores out in addition to the many wonderful specialty stores we feature on Ramblen!
I have only tried one of these running groups – New Balance, so I can only speak for this group, but there was a trainer that ran with the group and a lot of excited women, aka motivation. New Balance specifically hosts a New Balance Girls Night Out (NBGNO) – with an app to go with it.
Happy Running! Check out the schedules for each of the stores listed below to find your perfect group!
New BalanceNYC Group Schedule
LululemonNYC Group Schedule
Chelsea PiersOutdoor Running Classes
NiketownNYC Group Schedule
Paragon SportsWebsite
This review was provided by Lindsay DiFazio, a Ramblen Brand Ambassador. If you're interested in providing reviews of health and fitness resources in your city, please click here.


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Benzac Ac Wash 5.0% 200Ml
Item Code:
Standard Strength.
Benzac AC® is proven to reduce bacteria by 94% 1) and within 48 hours 2) of commencing treatment.
Benzac AC® is a water based benzoyl peroxide treatment for mild to moderate acne.
Benzac AC® absorbs excess oil, kills bacteria and does not excessively dry skin.
Benzac AC® offers the convenience and flexibility of multiple strengths.
Active Ingredients
Avoid contact with the eyes, lips, mouth, angles of the nose and sensitive areas of the neck.
If accidental contact should occur, rinse thoroughly with warm water and pat dry.
Contact may cause irritation.
BENZAC AC should not be applied to damaged skin.
Do not use BENZAC AC with any other acne products that are used on the skin unless your doctor or pharmacist has told you that you can, as this may cause your skin to become red and sore.
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Gel base contains docusate sodium, disodium edentate, poloxamer 182, carbomer 940, propylene glycol, acrylates copolymer, glycerol, silicon dioxide, sodium hydroxide and purified water.
Wash the affected area with a mild skin cleanser and water and pat skin dry.
Apply a thin film of BENZAC AC to the affected areas once daily, leaving on the skin for 2 hours then washing it off with water then pat skin dry.
Apply a light moisturiser which won't clog pores.
After three days, if no discomfort is felt, apply BENZAC AC in the evening and leave it on all night.
After 7 days, if there is no redness or peeling and your skin is still not improving, apply BENZAC AC twice a day morning and night.
How long you will need to use BENZAC AC will depend on how quickly your condition improves.
Persevere with your therapy as acne can take time to improve.
After you have used it for one month, you should see your doctor or pharmacist again so they can check the improvement in your condition.


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Janet Jackson CONTINUES to prove that she is IN CONTROL and ALWAYS has been! The POP ICON just released a SPANISH version of her #1 HIT, 'Made For Now' with Daddy Yankee!
The NEW VERSION features Jackson singing in Spanish and more verses from Daddy Yankee which is SURE to BOWL OVER her SPANISH FANS around the world!!
The CLUB VERSION of the HIT gave Jackson her 20th #1!! The song was remixed by Eric Krupper, Dirty Werk, Benny Benassi and Canova. Jackson is the fourth act in the chart's 42-year history to amass at least 20 No. 1s, following Madonna (46), Rihanna (32) and Beyoncé (22). "Made" is Jackson's first topper in close to nine years, ending her longest gap between leaders, since "Make Me" assumed the throne in January 2010.
Here's a recap of Jackson's 20 No. 1s on Billboard's Dance Club Songs chart:
Title (Year, Weeks at No. 1, if more than one)
"When I Think of You" (1986, three weeks at No. 1)
"Control" (1986, three)
"The Pleasure Principle" (1987, two)
"Miss You Much" (1989, two)
"Rhythm Nation" (1989, three)
"Escapade" (1990, three)
"Alright" (1990, two)
"That's the Way Love Goes" (1993)
"If" (1993, two)
"Scream" (Michael Jackson & Janet Jackson; 1995,two)
"Together Again" (1998)
"Go Deep" (1998)
"All for You" (2001, three)
"Someone to Call My Lover" (2001)
"Just a Little While" (2004)
"All Nite (Don't Stop)" (2004)
"So Excited" (feat. Khia, 2007)
"Feedback" (2008)
"Make Me" (2010)
"Made for Now" (Janet & Daddy Yankee; 2018)
ICONIC to say the LEAST!!