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Funding success! How funders support charities to evaluate
- Hester Owen
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1 Funding success! How funders support charities to evaluate A review of Evaluation Support Accounts with Laidlaw Youth Trust and Lloyds TSB Foundation for Scotland The process of working with ESS has greatly assisted our Project s monitoring and reporting It has helped to streamline our information gathering while improving the quality of information collected. Quote from charity in Laidlaw Youth Trust support account [since offering evaluation support accounts with ESS] We now see reports presenting more information of individual and programme wide impact, honest reflection of weaknesses in programme planning or delivery and learning. Maureen McGinn, Chief Executive of Laidlaw Youth Trust The benefits of us continuing to fund evaluation support not only means that the Foundation receives clearer, better reports which tell us the difference our funding is making, but organisations should be better equipped to apply for funding and to report effectively to other funders. Connie Williamson, Lloyds TSB Foundation for Scotland
2 Summary Evaluation Support Scotland (ESS) works with voluntary organisations and funders so they can measure the impact of their work. We provide practical support and access to resources and tools. We take action to build evaluation and learning into funding and policy-making processes. This report summarises the learning from two evaluation support accounts with Laidlaw Youth Trust and with Lloyds TSB Foundation for Scotland. The funders paid for funded charities to access support from ESS so those charities could measure and report on the outcomes of their work. Headlines: 1. About three quarters of charities that accessed evaluation support improved their confidence, skills and systems to measure outcomes. The improvements in charities evaluation skills were most significant when the charity itself was motivated and positive about evaluation. Some charities made progress with only one contact with ESS. However generally we made the most difference with more than one contact with the charity - usually through a mix of workshop places and face to face tailored support sessions. 2. Around half of charities that accessed evaluation support produced good or excellent reports on outcomes. Some charities needed support on analysis and reporting and there was not always time to provide this. Other charities did not realise they needed it. But most charities that improved evaluation systems also improved their ability to report on outcomes. 3. A key factor in ensuring positive take up and impact of evaluation support is the active engagement of the funder. This includes making clear links between their reporting requirements and the support provided and giving feedback on charities reports. Connie Williamson, Lloyds TSB Foundation for Scotland sums up the Evaluation Support Account: The charities we refer to ESS tend to range in experience / knowledge of evaluation for instance, some need more support than others in areas such as understanding what outcomes are, whilst some need more help in developing systems for measuring what difference they were making. I think that the flexibility of the Evaluation Support Account is therefore key to the success of the programme, as it enables organisations to tailor the training to their needs. Feedback provided to the Foundation s assessors by the charities involved has been extremely positive and there has been only praise for the ESS staff involved in the delivery of the programme. The benefits of us continuing to fund evaluation support training not only means that this Foundation receives clearer, better reports which tell us the difference our funding is making, but organisations should be better equipped to apply for funding and to report effectively to other funders. 2
3 Background In an evaluation support account funded charities have a bank of evaluation support time paid for by their funder. The Laidlaw Youth Trust (LYT) and the Lloyds TSB Foundation for Scotland (the Foundation) evaluation support consisted of places on ESS workshops and 1-1 tailored support time. Charities used their support allocation at a time and in a way that suits their needs. Charities chose from ESS s programme of workshops on different aspect of evaluation (see Tailored support is where a few staff from one charity have face to face support with an ESS officer. What we want to achieve through evaluation support accounts is that: Charities increase their skills to measure and report on the outcomes of their work and learn and improve their services. The funder has a better understanding about the impact of funded work. Our evaluation support account (ESA) with the Laidlaw Youth Trust (LYT) ran from 2007 to 2009 when LYT wound up (although some additional support to charities was provided until the end of 2010). Our ESA with the Lloyd TSB Foundation for Scotland (the Foundation) began in summer 2009 and is ongoing. This report is based on the period August 2009 to January Some differences between the Evaluation Support Accounts (ESAs) How charities were referred LYT referred nearly all its funded charities for support. At the start of the grant LYT agreed the outcomes the charity would report on and diagnosed the charity s evaluation support needs 1 as low, medium or high. The Foundation referred a limited number of charities. Assessors agreed which charities should be referred for support and completed a referral form to identify the specific evaluation support needs. With both ESAs, ESS discussed the diagnosis of support needs with the charity and their own assessment of need. We agreed how the charity should draw down their support. Support entitlement The allocation of support for LYT was as follows: Low: 2 workshop places and 2 hours of tailored support Medium: 2 workshop places and ¾ day of tailored support High: 3 workshop places and 1 ½ days of tailored support With the Foundation, the allocation was the same for all charities: up to 3 workshop places and 2 half days of one to one tailored support. 1 This was done by Mark Bitel on a contract to LYT. Mark is a consultant from Partners in Evaluation with significant experience in evaluation and youth work. 3
4 What did we do? LYT referred 73 charities and 61 charities (84%) took up support. The Foundation referred 21 charities for support and 19 (90%) took it up. Workshops place LYT 40 charities took up 81 places - 56% of available workshop places Foundation 15 charities took up 46 places - 53% of entitlement. Tailored support sessions 56 charities took up 93 sessions - 80% of total support available. 19 charities took up 27 sessions - 64% of entitlement. Tailored support in both ESAs involved support on methods for evaluating outcomes. With the Foundation ESA we helped charities get to grips with outcomes in the first place. LYT charities were usually already clear about their outcomes so there was more time available in the ESA to support analysis and reporting. Other separate support from ESS that added value to the core support provision: Supporting the funder LYT and the Foundation were among 11 members of the Scotland Funders Forum to undertake the Evaluation Declaration Health Check in This is a self-assessment tool to help funders to improve their own evaluation and reporting practices. ESS wrote a health check report which set out what each funder was doing well and some areas for improvement. This helped lead both funders to provide better guidance on charity reporting. The LYT Chief Executive said that ESS helped LYT understand its responsibilities as a funder. They used this insight to create a funding contract that set out LYT s expectations of funded charities and what charities could expect from LYT. Peer learning events (LYT only) ESS facilitated two peer learning sessions for LYT charities working in the fields of employment mentoring and outdoor activities respectively to discuss and share learning about evaluation methods and impact. Feedback on reports (LYT only) When (LYT) closed in 2009, 38 charities were still delivering funded work. As LYT wanted to maximise the legacy of its funding and would not be there to receive end of year reports, it paid us to perform that function. We made clear that we had no power to judge the charities performance. But we offered a report feedback service and 24 (63%) eligible charities took up this service. 4
5 What difference did we make? Overall about ¾ of charities that accessed evaluation support improved their confidence, skills and systems to measure outcomes. Around 1 in 2 charities produced good or excellent reports on outcomes This section explains the positive difference made to charities by making use of their ESA. Over ¾ of charities improved evaluation skills. Some of the remainder may also have improved but we don t have sufficient evidence to be sure or to claim a link to our support. Progress was greater for some charities than others depending on their starting point. We have set out the main themes below. The ESA helped charities clarify the outcomes of their work Most LYT charities already had this skill but about 2/3 of Foundation charities said our support had helped them clarify and state the outcomes of their work. The ESA helped charities develop skills to measure their outcomes Workshop delegates reported improvements in measurement skills for example see Graphs 1 and 2. We also helped charities develop creative alternatives to questionnaires and put in place systematic observation schedules. We have caught a sort of Evaluation Fever as a result of having ESS support! Charity B Collecting Information workshop "I can set outcome indicators" Collecting information workshop "I have the right methods & tools to collect information" 5.0 Average delegate score Average delegate score Av score before (LYT) Av score before (LTSBFS) Av score after (LYT) Before and after scoring Av score after (LTSBFS) 0.0 Av score before (LYT) Av score before (LTSBFS) Av score after (LYT) Before and after scoring Av score after (LTSBFS) Graphs 1 & 2: Feedback from 18 LYT funded delegates attending workshops and 12 Foundation funded delegates attending workshops Delegates selfassessed their skills on the workshop learning outcomes before and after attending. 5
6 The ESA helped charities put in place systems for storing data We helped many charities develop simple databases or spreadsheets to record and store outcome feedback. For example Charity E said: The support given by your organisation was very much appreciated and helped us focus on what we wanted to get out of developing a data base. The ESA helped charities improve their services Charity F found from evaluation that activities they provided for one group of children were not challenging enough. The charity manager said: [In future we will] give them challenging activities where they are taken out of their comfort zone. This will have a real impact on them and thus form more of a relationship between us and the group and make evaluation easier. Charity H found following up a sample of volunteers who had dropped out was really useful and is something we will now build in to our evaluation. Charity S said better evaluation had helped make them more sustainable: I can safely say that the sessions with yourself and the [peer learning] event with Laidlaw were key points in developing and improving our evaluation systems. I also believe that the improved methods of evaluating and presenting the results of courses we have run since then were major factors in the decisions of funders to award us grants. The ESA helped charities improve their reporting on outcomes Charities said we had helped them improve their ability to analyse and report on outcomes (see graph 3 below). Average delegate score Delegate scoring for Telling My Story workshop Can analyse information Can report on delivery of project outcomes Can learn from analysis to improve project Av score before Av score after Graph 2: Feedback from 17 LYT funded delegates attending workshops (data from 10 Foundation delegates is very similar- for clarity this hasn t been shown.) Learning outcomes 6
7 What the funders thought As far as the funders view was concerned, around half of charities in each ESA produced good or excellent reporting of outcomes after receiving evaluation support. In other words there was clear evidence of the difference the charity made. The other half had average or poor outcome reporting. It was (usually) clear what the charity did but not what difference they made. The table below shows the correlation between take up of support and quality of reporting in LYT support accounts. Assessment of Took up all support Took up less support No support report than entitled Excellent or good Average or poor While the numbers are too small to draw strong conclusions ESS support does seem to have assisted charities to produce good reports. Those charities that used all their support entitlement seem to have produced a better report than those who used no support or less than they could have done. ESS was not the only factor in improved reporting. Both funders improved their own guidance on reporting (with ESS support) so it was the combination of support from ESS and the funder direct which helped make the improvements. Maureen McGinn, Chief Executive of Laidlaw Youth Trust said in 2009: We started to notice the difference in the general standard of report writing and the sources and amount of evidence presented by those with Evaluation Support Accounts (ESA) last year [2008]. We provided ESAs to those charities new to LYT. Our control group were the charities which had been inherited from the Laidlaw Youth Project and which, generally, were not in receipt of ESAs. With this group it would be fair to say that there were no significant changes in the quality of reporting. However, we did notice improved reporting by the new LYT charities as they started to draw down support from ESS. In the reports we received before we introduced Evaluation Support Accounts, we noted a tendency to describe why outcomes were needed and then were given an account of the activities designed to ensure the clients obtained the outcome. But rarely were we able to see evidence that the outcomes had actually been delivered except for some general statement or a case study or two. We now see reports presenting more information of individual and programme wide impact, honest reflection of weaknesses in programme planning or delivery and learning. The best reports we see present this information in a variety of formats tables; pie charts; summary statistics; quotations from clients and stakeholders; and well chosen case studies. This immediately inspires confidence that the charity is delivering what it says it does. 7
8 Factors which helped and hindered take up of support Negative factors affecting take up and impact (for charities) Time some charities were unable to make the time to access the support, for example due to staff sickness or funding crises. Small charities in particular found it hard to make the time to access support. Geography we travelled right across Scotland and gave phone support. However some rural charities did not get as much support as they needed. Leadership in a few cases an individual within a charity was enthusiastic about evaluation but was not supported by the manager or board so it was hard for them to implement new evaluation systems. Positive factors affecting take up and impact (for charities) Relevance to funding requirements: There was a clear link between the evaluation systems we helped charities put in place and the funder s reporting requirements. So most charities could see why it was worth doing. Funder feedback: Feedback on good reports reinforced the charity s evaluation work and feedback on poor reports encouraged charities that had been dragging their feet to take up support. This was particularly true with LYT where charities were funded for more than one year. Seeing broader benefits: For example charities used the outcomes and measurement systems for other funders. Tailored approach: charities said that the mix of workshops to build basic skills and tailored support to integrate learning in a way that made sense for their work meant the support seemed relevant rather than a necessary chore. Limits to the difference our support made We could not always help charities to get evaluation perfect straight away. I think we are definitely getting the idea a lot more but it is still very much a work in progress. Charity K A few charities implemented new evaluation systems but found it hard to get useful data. For example Charity M sought young people s feedback but: We found many of the young people just didn't know what to make of it all; some just did not want to participate at all and some couldn't be bothered. When we came to analyse the results, we couldn't reach any reliable conclusions Fortunately this charity wasn t put off and developed different ways to build evaluation into day to day work which gave them meaningful outcome data. 8
9 Learning 1. Evaluation support does make a difference to a charity s ability to measure and report on its outcomes. The improvements in charities evaluation skills were most significant when the charity itself was motivated and positive about evaluation. The difference we made for most charities was incremental rather than transformational. Whilst charities evaluation systems improved they are not necessarily perfect. 2. The active engagement of the funder is crucial in ensuring positive take up and impact of evaluation support. This includes making clear links between their reporting requirements and the support provided and giving feedback on charities. 3. Charities improved evaluation ability can be sustained. It s too early to say this for the Foundation ESA but for many LYT charities, the benefits of support received 2-3 years previously had been sustained in ESAs also benefitted some charities as a whole (not just the funded work) as the charity implemented evaluation systems across their services. 4. Diagnosis is crucial: It allows tailoring of evaluation support to meet the specific needs of the charity. It provides a baseline against which to evaluate the evaluation support itself. 5. The evaluation support offer should not be too complicated. Having high, medium and low support accounts for LYT was a great idea in theory but in practice was complicated to administer. More than a 1/3 of low support charities did not take up any support. This may be because they thought they did not need it. Other charities with low or medium support needs required more support than they were allowed. The Foundation s approach was more straightforward. Only charities with the greatest evaluation needs got an ESA but it was the same support package for all charities referred. 6. A mix of workshops and tailored support is an effective approach to evaluation support. Workshops allowed charities to learn basic evaluation knowledge and network with other charities. Tailored support enabled a more focussed support about the charity s own systems. 7. Charities need encouragement to access support. Nearly all charities needed encouragement through and phone calls to take up support. But there was a balance to be struck between strongly encouraging a charity to take up support and forcing them to do so. Charities have to recognise the value of evaluation before they will do it. The good news was that with our ESAs, some charities changed, by their own admission, from grudging acceptance of evaluation to enthusiastic advocates. 8. It is important to set ground rules about ESS s role. ESS, as support provider, has a relationship both with the funder and the charities. It is important to ensure the funder and the charities understand that ESS was there to work alongside charities. 9
10 Case studies Charity N developing creative evaluation tools Charity N, a LYT funded charity, received 2 tailored support sessions and comments on evaluation materials. Two staff attended the Visual Approaches workshop. One attended the outdoor activities peer learning event. The support helped them develop outcome measurement tools for use in outdoor activity work with young people. They introduced new feedback forms to help young people focus on areas that they need to work on. They introduced video diaries with groups. In July 2009 they wrote to ESS and said: The support and training that we have gained from ESS has been invaluable in helping us to understand and articulate our aims and outcomes, and in equipping us with knowledge of the different evaluation methods available to us we are continually striving to make the biggest difference that we can to the lives of the young people with whom we work." Charity T creating a whole organisation evaluation system Charity T, a Foundation charity had good basic evaluation systems in place but each of its projects had its own system, driven by funders need, and it was hard for communicate the overall impact of the charity. After attending workshops and receiving tailored support the director said there was still a lot way to go. However they had started on a positive journey: ESS s support helped us to think clearly about the common outcomes we were looking for from all projects Group workshops were good, but one to one support was fantastic We have now almost completed a common evaluation system. Charity P from good to excellent One or more staff attended all our workshops (they paid for some extra places themselves). We gave two tailored support sessions to help them build outcome evaluation into their assessment and delivery of support to young carers. The Chief Executive said in writing: It was reassuring and useful to have the support offered through ESS. Although the Centre collected much information for monitoring purposes, it did not have systems in place to meet the reporting requirements of the Trust in respect to outcomes. The assistance to develop these systems was very welcome and of great benefit to the organisation We are now much more confident in measuring outcomes The tools used to measure outcomes for this project have now been rolled out across the whole Young Carers Service to evidence the effectiveness of the work undertaken with all young carers. 10
11 Charity Q better reporting and sustaining evaluation skills Charity Q, an LYT charity, did not access any support before submitting their end of first year report in early LYT was disappointed at the level of outcome evidence provided. We then provided 2 tailored support sessions and the project worker attended Visual Approaches and Telling My Story workshops. Maureen McGinn said, of the end of year 2 report: The difference between the 2008 report s outcome evidence (2 line summaries of activity) and that shown in the latest 2009 report is simply outstanding. In the final report in 2010, the quality of outcome reporting had been sustained. They used of graphs, quotes and statistics to demonstrate the impact they had made. And the report was believable because not every young person had made progress and they could say why. The charity said (in 2010): The words monitoring and evaluation used to fill us with dread as we were unsure what exactly we had to do. With the support of LYT and ESS this is now an area where we are growing in confidence. Over the past few years we have identified areas where changes could be made or new measures introduced to improve the delivery, impact and outcomes of the services we provide. The implementation of these changes has made a significant improvement in our ability to compile, write and provide full and comprehensive reports Charity R - a more challenging case study Despite phone and contact from ESS, Charity R, an LYT charity, only accessed one short session of tailored support towards the end of their funding. They had lost core funding and found it difficult to think beyond the crisis. The end of grant report contained little evidence of outcomes although a lot of honesty about the challenges they had faced. When ESS provided feedback on their report to the manager it became clear in the conversation that there was a more positive story to tell about the charity s impact than had been communicated in the report. The manager said: We barely used the evaluation support. We have spent far more time applying for funding than we anticipated and evaluation has taken a back seat, which we may find has been a mistake. We have been bad at using the support offered as we were overwhelmed by other things happening More recently the charity secured other funding. One of their new funders is providing evaluation training for funded charities through ESS and this time the worker attended 3 ESS workshops. 11
12 How we wrote this report This report was written by Steven Marwick of Evaluation Support Scotland. We are extremely grateful to Maureen McGinn, former chief executive of the Laidlaw Youth Trust and Connie Williamson of the Lloyds TSB Foundation for Scotland who provided input to the report and supported ESS to review the learning from and impact of evaluation support accounts. The evidence for whether we did (or did not) make a difference to the charities we supported comes from: 1. Workshop evaluation sheets 2. Responses to follow up s from ESS after tailored support 3. Observed physical evidence such as new tools developed 4. Both funders asked for direct feedback on our support 5. Observations by the funder. With LYT this was qualitative. Foundation assessors filled in the referral form again to give a before and after comparison. 6. The quality of end of year reporting on outcomes by charities. Evaluation Support Scotland Thorn House 5 Rose Street Edinburgh EH2 2PR Phone: Registered Company: SC Scottish Charity: SC VAT number:
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NEW YORK (MarketWatch) - Altria Group Inc. MO, +0.50% on Thursday said first-quarter net income fell to $2.75 billion, or $1.30 a share, from $3.48 billion, or $1.65 a share. On a continuing operations basis, it earned $1.01 a share, and on an adjusted continuing operations basis it earned $1.03 a share. Analysts, on average, expected it to earn $1.05 a share, according to Thomson Financial. Net revenue rose to $17.56 billion from $16.23 billion. The company, whose cigarette brands include Marlboro and Parliament, raised its profit forecast from continuing operations for the year to a range of $4.20 to $4.25 a share, from its prior view of $4.15 to $4.20 a share. Analysts polled by Thomson Financial expect it to earn $4.26 a share for the year, on average.
Altria net profit slips, raises year view
Quote References
+0.25 +0.50%

subset: commoncrawl


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Blain defends a childhood favourite this week, Luc Besson's 1997 Sci-Fi Adventure The Fifth Element starring Bruce Willis, Milla Jovovich and Gary Oldman. How does it hold up today? Is Chris Tucker the most annoying person on the planet? Why is Bruce Willis wearing a backless orange tank top? Is there a worse place to hide jagged mystical stones than sandwiched between your internal organs? Download the link below, or better yet subscribe on iTunes! And be sure to follow us on Twitter!
MUSIC: This week's featured artist is Barry Lyndon
WARNING: the podcast contains strong language and immature subject matter, please be advised.


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New Delhi, Thursday, April 30 – Change in weather conditions are always a big trouble for the inhabitants residing in different corners of the world. Problems are a bit more for Indians who encounter summer, rain, winter and retreating monsoon for a considerable span of time every year.
At the present, high temperatures are causing problems for the populace. Nights yet remain pleasant where winds are perfectly doing their job of providing desired comfort.
At least, households with a few or no room cooling equipments have a reason to heave a sigh of relief. But there is no rescue from intense heat during the daytime. 37 degree Celsius to 39 degree Celsius maximum temperature, coupled with shiny day, is making people avoid coming under the contact of direct sunlight.
17 per cent to 27 per cent dampness is adequate to make people sweat in the noontime. Hours of trouble last right from early morning till late evening. The inhabitants will have to encounter same scenario in the wake of intolerable sunshine. They would continue to witness clear mornings in view of the fact that no overcast is probable in the near future.
This will add to the troubles for the mob as only a few hours are left for May to start – a month when summer hits its peak. As of this week, minimum temperature will oscillate between 23 degree Celsius and 26 degree Celsius. Speed of the wind will vary between 14 km per hour and 16 km per hour.


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Besos for Baby: A Little Book of Kisses (Board book)
On Our Shelves Now
Staff Reviews
Eight Cousins Pick of the Year 2014
is love in any language, so try spinning a little Spanish along with the
English: it will expand a baby's range of sounds, and give twice as
many reasons to hug. In this case, baby enjoys besos -- kisses -- from
Mommy, Daddy, doggy, kitty, sun, wind, flowers, butterflies, and the
Everyone has kisses for Baby, from Mami and Papi to perro and gato. Using simple Spanish words, this charming read-aloud proves that love is the same in every language! Parents won't be able to resist giving baby muchos besos as they share this bilingual read aloud, filled with bold, graphic illustrations, with their little bébé!
About the Author
Praise For…
Praise for Besos for Baby:
A Texas Library Association 2x2 Reading List Selection
"Each two-page spread features a bouncy rhyme in English followed by the perky Spanish refrain. Gomez's cute and blocky illustrations in cheery colors clearly depict each character, and a picture glossary at the end defines each Spanish word. Little ones will be delighted by the happy faces and affectionate world little bebé explores."


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288 Pearl St.
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TreeHouse Mortgage Group has a proven track record of doing what we do best: getting results. With turnaround times in as little as three weeks and customized loan products to fit almost every need, we have helped countless homeowners obtain the funding they need for their homes.
Our top priority is to help you make an informed decision by presenting all available options. We offer exceptional customer service, superior loan processing times, competitive mortgage rates, extensive mortgage product offerings, and an unwavering commitment to get you to the finish line. We are known for our high quality standards, strong loan performance, efficiency, and our fast transactions.


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About Shepherds College / Our Team
Lori Konopasek, MSW, BSW
Vice President of Student Development/Dean of Students
- email@example.com
- +1 262-878-5620 ext 1256
A Purpose-Driven Life
Have you ever had one of those "God talks" where He tells you exactly what He wants you to do? One such talk directed me to my career with Shepherds College. I was born with the desire and ability to inspire, encourage and facilitate personal, professional and spiritual growth in others. I love to see others grow and find ways to promote their development. Creativity and fresh ways of looking at things also come easily for me. Shepherds College is the perfect place for me to make a positive impact while fulfilling my purpose and helping others find theirs. I am thankful that God led me here.
Fearfully and Wonderfully Made
God created every person with particular strengths and personalities designed to glorify Him. What that means in daily life is learning to live and be the person God made you to be. Sometimes that can be challenging because the path isn't always easy. However, I am passionate and believe in the potential of everyone. God doesn't make mistakes.
A Recipe for Growth
I have the opportunity to help students develop their personal purpose and equip them to work together to achieve their goals. As a Dean, I guide students in developing their daily living and job skills, as well as encourage them to seek God. This combination is a wonderful recipe for me to work and fulfill my own dreams and purpose. The students can't help but get caught up in my enthusiasm. I won't let them miss out on the learning or the life they were designed to lead.
Educational Background
Western Michigan University
Kalamazoo, MI
Master's Degree Social Work
Cedarville University
Cedarville, OH
Bachelor's Degree Social Work
Minors: Bible and Psychology


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What Is the Hermeneutic Circle?
Buzzle Staff
May 13, 2019
In the fields of philosophy and criticism, "hermeneutic circle" is a term that's often thrown around without much regard to what it is supposed to mean. A technical term with a rich history, "hermeneutic circle" refers to the constant movement between part and whole in any interpretation.
The concept of the hermeneutic circle is difficult to grasp. In the history of philosophy, and particularly in contemporary philosophy, the term "hermeneutic circle" has been used to refer to several different things. Those in the field of literary criticism may understand the term to refer to a process of interpreting texts such as novels and plays.
More philosophy-minded individuals, especially those who follow the developments of the continental branch of philosophy, may think of the hermeneutic circle as a phenomenological approach to understanding the world around us.
Both of these understandings of the term are correct within their respective contexts, but, in order to come to a full understanding of the term in all its subtlety, it's necessary to understand how the term developed throughout the history of thought.
What is Hermeneutics?
The term "hermeneutics" has been in use since ancient Greek philosophy. Both Plato and Aristotle made occasional use of the word in referring to various types of understanding. It was only later that hermeneutics came to be regarded as its own discipline or sub-discipline. In its most basic form, hermeneutics is the art and science of interpretation.
From antiquity through approximately the late 18th century, this was the only meaning of the word. Several writers, including Thomas Aquinas and the Italian philosopher Giambattisto Vico, had theories of hermeneutics, meaning theories about how texts should be interpreted in order to best understand their meaning.
Today, the term hermeneutics has other meanings in addition to this one, but the classical meaning forms the foundation of all recent developments in the field.
What is the Hermeneutic Circle?
The idea of a hermeneutic circle has to do with the process of interpreting a text. According to philosophers such as Benedict de Spinoza, interpreting a text, such as the Bible, requires the reader to take into account the parts of the text individually along with considering how they fit into the whole.
For example, in order to properly interpret scripture, the student must consider the meaning of individual verses and ask how that meaning is informed by the structure of the whole. Only by keeping these things in mind can a truly objective interpretation be reached.
The individual parts of the text also inform the understanding of the whole, so, the interpreter moves back and forth between the whole and the part. This repeated interpretive process is the original hermeneutic circle.
In the realm of textual interpretation, the circle has also been understood as a process of interpreting whole texts (as the parts) with regard to their place in historical tradition (the whole).
Heidegger's Hermeneutic Circle
In the centuries following Spinoza's development of the hermeneutic circle idea, many other thinkers developed the idea and pushed the field of hermeneutics beyond the realm of textual interpretation.
German philosopher Martin Heidegger is a central figure in this development; Heidegger proposed a process called philosophical hermeneutics, whereby human existence itself could be understood and interpreted using something like the hermeneutic circle.
Instead of moving from the text to the context, philosophical hermeneutics moves from the individual to the world. An individual, according to Heidegger, can only be understood in the context of the world he or she inhabits.
This is a simplification of a very important development in the history of philosophy, but regarding the term hermeneutic circle, it is sufficient to see how the philosophical hermeneutic circle of individual to world parallels the original text to context circle.
Other Uses
Today, most developments in the field of hermeneutics follow the path indicated by Heidegger's developments. However, other versions of the hermeneutic circle have been proposed.
For example, Hans-Georg Gadamer, one of Heidegger's students and a major figure in the history of hermeneutics, understood the hermeneutic circle as a movement between the individual reader and a text, such that the part-to-whole interplay is formed by the interaction between the interpreter and the interpretive tradition.
Still other uses are possible, but it is the part-to-whole facet of the hermeneutic circle that is most important to understanding what people mean when they use this term.
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Shadow Complex (2009) Soundtrack
Release date: 19 August 2009
Directors: Donald Mustard , Geremy Mustard , Howard Phillips
Stars: Graham McTavish (Commander Lucius), Robin Atkin Downes (Paramilitaries), Fred Tatasciore (Paramilitaries), Nolan North (Jason Fleming), Wally Wingert (Paramilitaries), Marc Anthony Samuel (Sam Dallas), Eliza Schneider (Claire Duncan)
A young man named Jason Fleming is exploring the caverns of rural Washington's Olympic Mountains with his girlfriend, Claire. When Claire is kidnapped by terrorists who think she's a spy, Jason follows them to their secret underground facility. Upon further investigation, he learns that the terrorists intend to incite a second Civil War in the United States. Jason must find a way to rescue Claire and find a way out of the complex, not knowing that the first shots of this new civil war have already been fired.


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The Rohingya people are an ethnic Muslim minority who practice of Sunni Islam In Myanmar. A large number of the about one million Rohingya in Myanmar live in Rakhine State, where they form nearly a third of its population. They are different from Myanmar's other ethnic groups which are mostly Buddhist, ethnically, in Language, and also religiously.
Rohingya have traced their origin in the region to the fifteenth century when a large number of Muslims came to the former Arakan Kingdom. A lot more people came during the 19th and early 20th centuries.Governments in the Country since its independence in 1948 have denied the historical claims of the Rohingya and have continuously denied them recognition as part of its 135 ethnic groups.They are largely seen as illegal immigrants who migrated from Bangladesh.
The government policies since the late 1970s have always been discriminatory and this has forced thousands of Muslim Rohingya to leave their homes in the mainly Buddhist country. They have crossed by land into Bangladesh, some crossed the sea into Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia.
Recent violent attacks, including rape, arson, and murder, in the last one year, has caused a significant number of people of the Rohingya tribe to become displaced in western Myanmar. To worsen their situation, Myanmar's neighboring countries are slow in taking in the refugees.
The Myanmar government has refused to grant the Rohingya people citizenship, thus a large number of the people of the ethnic group are not legally documented, making them a stateless people.They are only allowed to register as temporary residents with I.d cards which is called white cards.These cards are issued to both Rohingya and non-Rohingya Muslims.The cards have limited rights and are not seen as a proof of citizenship.
The government in 2014 held a UN-backed national census, Rohingya group was initially allowed to identify as Rohingya, but the Buddhist nationalists then threatened to boycott the census, which made the government decide that the Rohingya can only register if they would be identified as Bengali instead.
In 2015, the government was also put under pressure by Buddhist nationalists who protested the Rohingya's right to vote in the 2015 constitutional referendum. Former President Thein Sein then canceled the temporary identity cards issued the minority group in February 2015, making them unable to vote as they did in the 2008 constitutional referendum and in the general elections in 2010.
The Rohingya people are fleeing Myanmar because the government has continued to discriminate against the group by means of restrictions on marriage, employment, choice of religion, family planning, tohaveeducation, as well as freedom of movement. For instance, Rohingya couples in the towns of Maungdaw and Buthidaung are permited to have just two kids.They must also ask for permission to get married, which may sometimes require them to 'tip the authorities and submit photographs of the bride with her head uncovered and the groom must be clean-shaven, which is against Muslim customs. Relocating to a new home or taking a trip outside their town, requires government approval.
Religious differences between the Buddhists and Rohingya often results in clashes.
In 2012, a conflict broke when Rohingya Muslim men were alleged to have raped and killed a Buddhist woman. The Buddhist nationalists retaliated by burning Rohingya houses, in the process more than 280 people were killed and tens of thousands displaced. Rights group say the violence against Rohingya is a crime against humanity adding that it was a form of 'ethnic cleansing'.
Rohingya prefer to risk their lives crossing the sea to other neighboring countries than to stay in Myanmar.The are seeking refuge in Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. In some cases, they account for about 90 percent of the refugees in the host countries.
This crisis may continue to linger if the international community does not take urgent steps to put an end to this merciless killings of innocent people and the continuous discrimination of a people who have nowhere else to call home.


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|As a Lead Network Security Engineer, your primary responsibilities will be to:
•Plan, design, implement, and provide ongoing support of highly complex, heterogeneous networks.
|Required Skills and Knowledge:
•Working knowledge of various security standards such as CIS, STIG's and NIST
•Extensive hands-on technical knowledge of network systems, protocols, and standards such as VoIP, QoS, Ethernet, LAN, WAN, MPLS, VPNs (SSL/IPSEC), TCP/IP, OCx, 802.11x.
•Extensive hands-on experience with Palo Alto, Juniper, HP, Avaya and Cisco Hardware
•Hardware, software, and network connection troubleshooting expertise
•Working knowledge of infrastructure monitoring tools (Solarwinds preferred)
•Knowledge of applicable data privacy practices and laws
•Able to conduct research into system and networking issues and products as required
•Ability to present ideas in user-friendly language
•Ability to interact with management, stakeholders and business leaders in a professional manner
•Highly self-motivated, organized and directed
•Keen attention to detail
•Proven analytic and problem-solving abilities
•Ability to prioritize and execute tasks in a high-pressure environment, take direction and report status
•Ability to obtain security clearance for Public Trust Positions
•Strong written and oral communication skills
•Strong interpersonal skills
|Education and Experience:
•Extensive experience working in a switched and routed environment.
•Experience working in a team-oriented, collaborative environment.
•Cisco, Palo Alto, Juniper and Avaya certifications are a plus
•College diploma or university degree in the field of computer science, and/or 10 years equivalent work experience.
Other Requirements
-Performant is a government contractor and has specific client requirements.
Due to clearance requirements, work visa sponsorship is not available.
Job Profile is subject to change at any time.
Performant Financial Corporation is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Performant Financial Corporation is committed to creating a diverse environment and is proud to be an equal opportunity employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, national origin, ancestry, age, religion, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, pregnancy, age, physical or mental disability, genetic characteristics, medical condition, marital status, citizenship status, military service status, political belief status, or any other consideration made unlawful by law.


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Select a City
North Lawrence, OH
Rock Climbing Locations around North Lawrence, OH
Add an Organization
Adventures On The Gorge
1 Ames Heights Road
Lansing, WV
West Virginia's world-class adventure vacation resort offering whitewater rafting, canopy tours, weddings, cabins, camping, fine dining and all-inc...
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Bowling Green State University - Climbing Wall
801 North Mercer Road
Bowling Green, OH
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City of Livonia Climbing Wall
15100 Hubbard Street
Livonia, MI
Climbing is a sport the entire family can enjoy. Whether or not they're interested in climbing themselves, parents can learn the skills necessary...
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Cleveland Rock Gym
21200 Saint Clair Avenue, #B3
Euclid, OH
Regular Hours: The Cleveland Rock Gym is open to the public: 3pm-10pm on Weekdays: Monday-Friday 12pm-7pm on Weekends: Saturday & Sunday Me...
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Climb North Gym
2468 Wildwood Road
Wildwood, PA
Climb North is the best "little wall" in the country. It's hard to believe we built our wall in 1993, making us one of the oldest walls in the coun...
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Crooksville Recreation Center - Climbing Wall
100 S Buckeye Street
Crooksville, OH
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Energy Rock Gym
269 Graham Drive
Charleston, WV
Whether you are already a seasoned climber in need of a training facility or you'd like to be, we offer a variety of terrain to hone skills, learn ...
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Exkursion - Climbing Wall
4037 William Penn Highway
Monroeville, PA
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Fords Community Arts Center Climbing Wall
15801 Michigan Avenue
Dearborn, MI
Discover the challenge, fun and excitement of rock-climbing. Our Nicros ART Wall has a custom-made climbing surface that closely duplicates the loo...
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Hard Rock Climbing Services
131 South Court Street
Fayetteville, WV
Our MissionOur emphasis is to create a safe and enjoyable experience climbing and/or rappelling in one of the nation's best rock climbing areas, th...
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Kendall Cliffs Climbing Gym
60 Kendall Park Road
Peninsula, OH
Kendall Cliffs is the only professionally-designed and built rock gym in Ohio. Our Nicros designed gym has a combination of textured plywood and "n...
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Kent State University Recreation Center - Climbing Wall
1550 Ted Boyd Drive
Kent, OH
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Laurel Highlands River Tours - Ohiopyle Rock Climbing
4 Sherman Street
Ohiopyle, PA
The personal challenge of overcoming nature with one's own skill has drawn many people to the sport of rock climbing. We offer courses that will in...
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Life Time Fitness Beachwood - Rock Wall
3850 Richmond Road
Beachwood, OH
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Marshall Recreation Center Climbing Wall
402 Thundering Herd Drive
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April 2017 Digital Edition
March 2017 Digital Edition
Feb. 2017 Digital Edition
January 2017 Digital Edition
Nov/Dec 2016 Digital Edition
Oct 2016 Digital Edition
Technology Sectors
Digital Fly Unveils New Anti-Bullying and Student Vaping Detection Smart Cloud Based Sensor and Alert System For Schools
Digital Fly new Fly Sense technology detects and alerts school staff when students are vaping, bullying or fighting
Hauppauge, NY; August 11, 2017 - Digital Fly, a nationally respected school safety products and technology developer, introduced today its latest innovation, Fly Sense, a new cloud-based "Internet Of Things" (IOT) anti-bullying and vaping detector/sensor that is the only product on the market to offer combined vaping chemical detection and decibel level monitoring specifically designed for schools. Fly Sense is a cloud-based platform that detects and sends alerts to school officials when bullying or vaping is taking place in bathrooms, isolated areas as well as classrooms and lunch rooms of schools. When the sensor detects decibel level anomalies caused by bullying or chemicals from vaping, it sends an immediate notification to one or many school officials' computers or mobile devices.
The release of Fly Sense comes just days after New York State adopted legislation making vaping and the use of e-cigarettes illegal on public and private school property across the state.
According to both a recent U.S. Surgeon General's report and a survey from the New York State Department of Health e-cigarette use by high school students is rapidly rising.
The Fly Sense platform represents a revolutionary advancement in school safety. The platform consists of a front-end edge detection sensor called Fly Sensor with a backend logic processing server. Each Fly Sensor can work independently or in conjunction with a network of two or more Fly Sensors.
"Expanding on our extensive line of high tech school safety products allows us to make a real impact on issues relating to bullying, fighting and using vaping devices and e-cigarettes in schools. Fly Sense is designed specifically for the education market," said Derek Peterson, CEO at Digital Fly. "Fly Sense is a unique product and approach which creates effective ways for schools to protect and ensure the safety of students."
"We believe this product is a game changer for schools and falls directly in-line with the new law recently signed by Gov. Andrew Cuomo which bans vaping and e-cigarettes in schools in New York State. Vaping and e-cigarette use is dangerous to the health of students and can be a gateway to the use of illegal drugs or tobacco smoking," said Mike Richez, Executive Vice President at OSC World.
OSC World, the marketing and sales partner of Digital Fly, is available to provide information and arrange a demonstration of a Fly Sense sensor or Digital Fly's social media awareness platform. For more information, visit www.digitalfly.net or call Mike Richez at (516) 247-5321.
About Digital Fly
Based in Hauppauge, NY, Digital Fly creates technology that helps keep schools safe. Its Digital Fly School Safety Suite assists schools with mitigating and gaining insight into potential dangers. Digital Fly develops and delivers technology for improved social media awareness to create safer schools and communities. Digital Fly is used by more than 400 schools internationally as an early warning system to improve school safety and has a proven record of identifying and preventing threats. For more information, visit www.digitalfly.net.
About OSC World
In business since 1991, OSC World is a leading company providing test scanning, test scoring and education sector technology consulting services. The company is a partner and the marketing arm for Digital Fly, a nationally respected school safety products and technology developer. Digital Fly offers the education market social media awareness software and anti-bullying and vaping technology. OSC World developed and patented FAST (Fast Accurate Capture Technology Solutions) one of the only data capture systems which automatically processes all documents. OSC World's Document Management Systems allow for image indexing for all forms/documents in any industry. For more information, please visit www.oscworld.com.


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Ex-New York mayor Michael Bloomberg sounds warning over Brexit
The US-tycoon said leaving the European Union would damage Britain's economy
Business billionaire and former New York mayor Michael Bloomberg has warned Brexit would damage Britain's economy.
In another high-level foreign intervention in the campaign, Mr Bloomberg, who has an honorary knighthood, insisted he was not lecturing the British but expressing concern at the damage that would be done by exiting the EU.
"It's not for me to tell British people how to vote, it's for me to explain what – as an employer of 4,000 people in the UK, somebody who has a residence here, somebody who is building two of the most expensive buildings ever built here in the UK, in London, to make this our European headquarters – what it means for our employees, and what it means for our company, and what it means for America," Mr Bloomberg told BBC Radio Four's Today programme.
The ex-mayor, who has ruled himself out from running as an independent Republican candidate in the November US presidential election, said Britain has a strong position in the EU.
"I just think that the UK would be disadvantaged compared to the situation they are now. They have a special relationship with the rest of the EU. They have the borders that they can control, unlike the rest of the EU. They have a trade surplus with the rest of the EU. They have some abilities to influence the dialogue that without which they would, and America – which is my concern – would not benefit," Mr Bloomberg said.
The business tycoon warned it would not be in the EU's interest to do Britain any trade favours after Brexit.
"If they were to drop out it is really hard to see how they would ever negotiate a trade deal with the EU that gives them the benefits they have now. After all, the EU would have every interest to not give them those – that nobody else would drop out of the EU," Mr Bloomberg said.
Rejecting talk of a loss of sovereignty, Mr Bloomberg said: "We all live in an international world, we all have agreements. American laws are made in the United States, EU laws are made in the EU, British laws are made in the United Kingdom. A very big part of the UK economy is based on exports to the EU, and other countries, so they certainly have an interest in the health of those other countries."
Mr Bloomberg is one of the signatories to a letter to The Times stating that business investment decisions could be impacted by Brexit.
Mr Bloomberg was one of the signatories to a letter to the Financial Times from major overseas investors into the UK, who warned that the prospect of Brexit was "particularly concerning and potentially hugely damaging".
"According to surveys, almost three-quarters of foreign investors cite access to the EU's single market as a key reason for their investment in Britain," said the letter.
"If there is one thing we as investors don't like, it is economic uncertainty. As several important bodies have said – the International Monetary Fund, Bank of England, London School of Economics, the Treasury and others – leaving the EU would mean a shock to the UK economy, hurting growth, job creation and foreign investment. And no existing alternative outside can match EU membership in terms of access to the single market and a say over the rules governing trade and investment in that market.
"We are concerned this uncertainty, which would hang over the UK's future trading relationship with the remaining EU states should it leave the single market, could materially affect major international businesses' future investment decisions. As investors, it is therefore very much in our interests that Britain stays in the EU."
Signatories to the letter included senior executives and chairmen from companies including Airbus, Mars, Cisco, Hitachi, Ford, Caterpillar, IBM and Microsoft.
Some of the signatories were hosted by David Cameron for a round-table discussion at 10 Downing Street.
Asked whether Mr Cameron had orchestrated the letter, a Number 10 spokesman said: "They are joining a litany of other businesses who have put their names to the debate to say the impact of leaving the EU would be negative for the UK economy and for their businesses."


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Xiaomi 20000mah Generation 2C (2017) - PLM06ZM
With large capacity, Xiaomi powerbank 2C provides several times to charge phones or tablets.
Can provide 2 USB ports output simultaneously up to 5.1V/3.6A.
And it supports QC3.0 QuickCharge when connecting with only one device.
Mi Powerbank 2 is compattible with all the mainstream mobile phones such as Xiaomi, Apple, Samsung, etc.
The gradient lattice of surface design is comfortable, anti-skid and scratch-resistant.
Thanks to the use of incredible high density Li-polymer batteries, 20000mAh MiPower Bank 2C is light and small in size, considering the big capacity. The performance is still outstanding, butt with only 358g of weight, the battery is no longer a burden of your trip.
Actual capacity: 13000mAh, board size conversion rate of 93%.
Double press for low power charging. Safetly charge low power devices such as bluetooth headsets or Mi bands. Simply double press the power button to enter 2-hour low power charging.
Input: 5V-2.0A
Output: 2 x 5V-2.4A
Size: 7 x 15 x 2.4 cm
Weight: 358g
Packaging contents:
1 x powerbank
1 x micro USB charging cable
1 x user manual


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Bregje Heinen Is Breathtaking
Here's Bregje Heinen wearing bikini and a swimsuit for a photoshoot for Andres Sarda Swimwear (2013). This babe is breathtaking! Enjoy the pics people!
The post Bregje Heinen Is Breathtaking appeared first on Chica Boob.
Aria Giovanni Bares It All For You
Aria Giovanni is in the mood to make some beautiful music. She's put on some of her hottest pink and looks drool worthy in these pictures from DDF Busty. This busty babe has it all going on – head to toe perfection. Her long brunette hair aches to be stroked and her breasts are so […]
The post Aria Giovanni Bares It All For You appeared first on Chica Boob.
Prinzzess sure loves it when she can get herself some new, sexy lingerie. As you can see clearly in these pictures from Babes Network the sex kitten has such a sensational body – she looks great in just about anything. This purple bra and panties set fit her perfectly, enhancing every delicious curve of sweet, […]
The post Prinzzess Is Slim And Sexy appeared first on Chica Boob.


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Kawabunga dudes! Surfs up!
Or at least it was for the kids and leaders at 'On the Beach!', Chase's own 2 day holiday club at the end of July. A mad mix of activities, on a beach holiday theme!
Each morning the children arrived on the beach to 'free play' activities around the hall. Like magnetic fishing, world map twister, beach balls, and funsheets. This was swiftly followed by 'Beach Boys' surfy warm ups - "watch out for the big wave!", and a very loud action song to get everyone going!
Then there were beach and fishy theme games. Everyone was more than ready for a drink and snack after that - especially in the very hot weather both inside and out!
Jamie and Mick led interactive Bible stories, looking at Jesus calming the storm on the first day (wind, waves and real water!) and the miraculous catch (and we all now know that "its always better to fish at night, 'cause fish don't like the sunlight"!!).
We got creative making Mary's fantastic buckets and spades to put God's promises in. And flags - like those you put on a sandcastle, except praising Jesus!
The morning rounded off with a beachtastic quick game, and praying. Last but not least, there was a final chance for more loud and frantic action songs - the number depending mainly on Pippa's energy levels as the kids could have gone on all afternoon! 'Jesus you're my Superhero' was the 'On the Beach!' favourite request! A highlight was Anna's Actionman impression and Martin's 'Barbie' pose (unfortunately no photos, sorry!).
Even the parents and carers had a chance to enjoy the on site beach cafe 'floating' upstairs in the hall (thank you to Martin and helpers for providing this).
As the tide finally came in, children and adults went home exhausted, but very happy. Ready to 'catch the wave' another day!
I want to especially thank all those who gave their time to help, both in prep and on the day - much, much appreciated!


text: True Detective (Season 3) Mar 27, 2017 20:13:27 GMT Quote Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostMemberGive GiftBack to Top Post by Lubezki on Mar 27, 2017 20:13:27 GMT Few shows have seen their fortunes turned so quickly the way HBO's "True Detective" has. The first season was a phenomenon, audience favorite, and critical darling, and it crowned creator and writer Nic Pizzolatto a hot new talent with an exciting new voice. Then came season two which was brutally received by critics, and saw all of Pizzolatto's trademarks for hardboiled dialogue, philosophical musings, and pulpy backdrops turned almost into self-parody. Perhaps the result of rushing a good thing, HBO held back on a third season, and have been cagey about more entries in the anthology series. But not only is a new chapter brewing, but there's a huge name joining the writer's team.David Milch of "Deadwood" and "NYPD Blue" fame has joined the brewing third season of "True Detective." So far, Pizzolatto has penned at least the first two episodes of the new season, and of course, no details have been revealed. Milch isn't expected to become the showrunner, and it should be stressed that nothing is greenlit yet. But it does indicate that work is being done on the new season, but maybe we can keep our fingers crossed for a 2018 debut.As for the long-rumored "Deadwood" movie, with Milch turning his attention here, and Ian McShane starring in "American Gods" for Starz, it doesn't seem to be on the foreseeable horizon, but who knows — HBO seems to be full of surprises.theplaylist.net/true-detective-season-3-works-deadwood-creator-david-milch-joins-writing-team-20170327/


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TransAlta and Tidewater Midstream have entered into an agreement to build a new pipeline to connect Montney and Deep Basin natural gas to customers as TransAlta accelerates its shift away from coal-fired power.
The $150 million pipeline will connect Tidewater's Brazeau River Complex in west central Alberta to TransAlta's Sundance and Keephills generating stations near Edmonton.
The plants will be transitioned to run on natural gas one year ahead of schedule, in the 2021 to 2022 timeframe, TransAlta said.
The company is crediting the decision to accelerate to "clarity provided" by draft coal-to-gas conversion rules proposed by the Government of Canada.
"Although not yet finalized, the Government of Canada has proposed coal-to-gas conversion rules that would extend the life of TransAlta's gas conversion units by five-to-ten years past their federal end of coal life, depending on their CO2 emissions profile. The proposed rules would see the life of TransAlta's entire coal-fired fleet extended by an aggregate of approximately 75 years," TransAlta said in a statement.
Once converted to gas, Sundance and Keephills are anticipated to be able to run through to 2031 to 2039.
TransAlta CEO added that, "Having greater access to natural gas allows TransAlta to blend natural gas with the coal, prior to fully converting the units, allowing us to take advantage of low natural gas prices and reduce our carbon costs."


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Home → Our Campaigns → Summer RISE
Summer RISE is an opportunity for rising Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) juniors and seniors to explore real-world career-based opportunities from July 8-26, 2019. The initiative is led by the MCPS Partnerships Unit.
Local businesses, government agencies and non-profit organizations volunteer to bring rising high school juniors and seniors into their workplaces to teach students about their organization, how it functions as a whole and the different career fields a student can explore within their organization. These participating businesses and organizations are able to explore Montgomery County student talent.
MCPS prepares students for their experience at host organizations through a mandatory professional skills and financial literacy workshop. Student participants are provided with a $300 stipend to cover incidental expenses such as clothing, food, office supplies and transportation after they complete the 60 hour/three week Summer RISE program.
Your gift/contribution will help support, promote and continue the academic components of Summer RISE. You may learn more about the program, student experiences, and host testimonials at www.MCPS-SummerRise.org.Support Summer RISE


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Kebapetse Lotshwao
- Name
- Kebapetse Lotshwao
- From
- Botswana
- Degree
- MSc in African Studies
- Graduated
- 2007
- Doing Now
- Lecturer in undergraduate politics, University of Botswana
Why did you decide to apply for the MSc programme in African Studies?
I applied for MSc in African Studies because I wanted to broaden my knowledge of Africa, especially politics. Having heard about the reputation of the University of Edinburgh, I then applied for the MSc programme.
What is like being a student in Edinburgh?
Being a student in Edinburgh is great experience. Most importantly, it exposes one to an International student community, and thus a chance to learn many things from other students, especially their cultures. Adapting to the city and the University is also relatively easy, since most of the people are very receptive and welcoming. Finally, the academics and research facilities in the University are just so good and allow a student to realize their full potential.
What are the best memories of this experience?
I can never forget our CAS class seminars. They were very well organized and the debates were very informative. Socially, I liked playing football in the Meadows.
What have you done since graduating?
I joined the University of Botswana in February 2008 as Lecturer in Undergraduate politics. Some of the courses that I have taught include Contemporary African Politics and the Politics of Regionalism. I have also been doing some research and publishing some articles, mainly on Botswana and South African Politics, my two countries of research interest.


text: Welcome the new kids on the block! (212), our go-to for no-fuss femininty has joined our little retail family over at Refinery29 shops. Nearly all of their pieces are under $200, including 100% silk tops and dresses, sturdy cotton jumpers with some tasteful hardware, and graphic knits that feel like heaven on the body. You can only find 212 online at Refinery29 Shops, so in celebration of their e-commerce debut, they're giving you 15% off their spring merch by entering promo code welcome212 at checkout. Shop until Thursday, April 15 at 11:59 pm to bag the deal and get yourself into their filmy spring pieces.