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Great biodiversity
Nature and
Modern Highlights
- Information
- Tour Plan
- Gallery
- Additional Info
- Similar Tours
What's included
- Admissions
- Airport transfers
- Breakfast daily
- English speaking guide
- Ground transportation
- Hotel accommodations
- Hotel taxes
- Local guides
- Lunch on full day tours at Panama
- Regional flight San Jose - Panama City
- Sightseeing tours listed
- Airport taxes
- Any meals not mentioned as included
- Expenses of personal nature
- Gratuities for guides, drivers, porters or waiters
- International flights
Amazing Wildlife
Spot the best wildlife, all kinds of birds, reptiles and mammals, in mangroves in cloud forests at Monteverde in Costa Rica and near Gatun Lake at Panama.
Vibrant Cities
Enjoy your time at the most modern city in Central America, Panama City, which has developed greatly due to the canal. Also, explore San Jose in Costa Rica, with many cultural highlights.
- Day 1
- Day 2
- Day 3
- Day 4
- Day 5
- Day 6
- Day 7
- Day 8
- Day 9
- Day 10
- Day 11
Arrival Day
Arrive at Liberia, Costa Rica, airport pick up and transfer to the hotel. Evening free and overnight.
Liberia to Monteverde
After breakfast, we will drive to Monteverde natural reserve, here, we will take the sky tram / sky walk, spectacular combination of suspension bridges with easy and well maintained walking trails built in the Monteverde Cloud Forest and above the tropical forest canopy, enjoy the natural surroundings and relax. overnight at Monteverde.
Monteverde to La Fortuna
We will drive to the town of La Fortuna in northern Costa Rica, near Arenal Vocano National Park, we will take an informative, beautiful walk, you'll learn about the behemoth Arenal Volcano, the secondary and primary tropical forest surrounding it and the interesting wildlife of the area. Once we finish the walk, we'll head to a view point to see more of this famous volcano (note that the volcano has not been very active in the last few months but you can hear the volcano and often see flumes of gases), we will also visit La Fortuna waterfall before returning to town, late afternoon we will relax at the hot springs, overnight at La Fortuna.
La Fortuna to San Jose
Today, we are on our way to San Jose, Costa Rica, we will have a chance to admire the beautiful scenery, arriving around noon, in the afternoon, we will take a city tour of San Jose, the tour immerses you in the rich Costa Rican culture and history by experiencing the beautiful museums and historical sites of San José. It begins with an orientation and drive through the beautiful Sabana Park. Next, visit the historic National Theater. Completed in 1897, the theater is a masterpiece in art and architecture. Afterwards we will visit one of the many unique museums of Costa Rica. We will continue heading to the University of Costa Rica, the Supreme Court and various sites of interest. A brief stop will be made in a beautiful art craft shopping store allowing you to browse through it before returning to your hotel, overnight at San Jose.
Irazu Volcano
In the morning, we will take the Pan-American Highway South, to start ascending the large "Iztaru". The winding road travels through fertile lands cultivated with all kinds of vegetables as we observe a lovely panoramic view. At the top of the Irazu volcano you can observe the main craters and on a clear day both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans can be seen. As we descend to the city of Cartago we will stop at the Virgin of the Angels Basilica which according to religious custom is a peregrination site for many believers. return to San Jose midafternoon for overnight.
Fly to Panama City
At 8:00 AM, we will drive you to the airport to catch your regional flight to Panama City, AV699, departing at 10:50 AM and arriving at 1:00 PM, upon arrival transfer to your hotel, overnight at Panama City.
Gatun Lake
Drive to the town of Gamboa, where the Chagres River meets the Panama Canal. From here we take a boat across Gatun Lake in the canal, passing gigantic cargo ships in route – an astonishing contrast with the natural surroundings. Along the way, we will have the opportunity to spot Green iguana and Three-toed sloth resting on tree branches, Crocodile, Osprey in the hunt for Peacock bass, Snail kite and Keel-billed toucan among other wildlife. We will return to the Hotel midafternoon, evening at leisure, overnight at Panama City.
Panama City and Canal
At 8:00 AM, we will enjoy a city tour, including, Panama Canal Miraflores locks, The Casco Antiguo district as well as those sites, streets and places of interest, travel back in time as you visit France Plaza, Las Bovedas, and the Flat Arch; next, we will head to Amador Causeway, a man made connection of three islands, a bustling tourist attraction, where you will have a breathtaking view of the city and have time to purchase from handicrafts to electronics in Duty Free stores; we will head to your hotel around noon, rest of the day at leisure, overnight at Panama City.
Chagres River and Embera Village
Travel to Madden Lake and board a motorized piragua (dugout canoe) to travel up the Chagres River to the Embera indigenous village of Embera Drua. The boat journey takes us through the rainforest of the 320,000-acre Chagres National Park and along the Chagres River, we may be able to spot Little Blue and Green Heron, Great Egret, Anhingas and kingfishers among otherspecies. At the Embera village we learn about Embera customs and their relationship with nature, and have the chance to be painted with the traditional jagua, a natural dye the Embera use to adorn their bodies. After a picnic lunch we visit the nearby waterfall where we can take a dip in the crystal-clear waters of the Chagres River before heading back to Panama City for overnight.
At 8:30am, we depart to Portobelo, founded in 1597 and declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1980. It is located on a bay and is considered the most important and rich fortification of the colonial times. The canons, showing the importance of this defensive structure, can still be seen at the fort. The church 'San Felipe de Portobelo' is home to the Black Christ, patron saint of the region. The museum holds the general information of the colonial time. Today Portobelo has more than 3.000 inhabitants descendent from Afro-Caribbean slaves, which allows the visitor to experience the colorful lifestyle and, in the summer, the conga music in the central square at the old customs house. After lunch we take a 45 min. ride into the city of Colón, founded in 1853, with its many preserved historic features of Afro-Antillean culture, and take a brief tour of the Washington Walkway and the Central Ave., which in the Guinness Book of Records is considered the longest park in Latin America. At 4:30pm we head to the train station of Colón, from where we travel for about 1 hour alongside the canal through the heart of 'Soberania National Park', arriving in Panama City late afternoon. Pick and transfer to the hotel.
Departure Day
At the appropriate time, transfer to the Panama City's International airport.
More about this tour
- Several guaranteed departures available throughout the year, please enquire for dates.
- Price shown is per person, staying in budget accommodations / double occupancy
- Single room accommodations and upgraded hotels are available for a supplement
- Discounts and special deals are usually available on certain dates and for advance purchase.
- This tour can be operated on a private basis, for rates and details please contact us.


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AP DSC Merit Lists 2019 Download | AP Teacher Recruitment Selection list
AP DSC Merit Lists District wise Subject wise check now. Andhra Pradesh Teacher recruitment posts Language Pundits, School Assistants, PET Trainer, SGT Final Selection list check now. District Selection Committee of each 13 districts in AP state will soon release the Final call letters and Merit lists for Personal interview for school teacher posts. Once… Read More »

subset: commoncrawl


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Need some last minute suggestions for 4th of July Recipes for your cookout this week? I've got you covered! Here are 24 last minute ideas that you can whip in a jiffy!
4th of July Recipes – Appetizers
This Grilled Brie Recipe takes about 30 minutes and will certainly impress your guests!
A wonderfully seasonal dish that everyone will love and it will only take you 10 minutes!
My guests always rave about these meatballs! They are the first thing gone at any potluck that I bring them to!
I don't know anyone who doesn't like deviled eggs! I mean maybe there are a few, but deviled eggs are one of those appetizers that disappear fast! Perfect for an easy 4th of July Recipe!
This is one of our favorite, flavorful dips! This Shrimp Dip literally takes 10 minutes, hands on time! Great for summer BBQ's, tailgating or any occasion when you need an easy appetizer! Added bonus? Everyone loves this dip!
Super easy! Just add the ingredients and mix!
So easy to make these pretty little summertime bites
Pigs in a Blanket are one of my most popular posts on BCC! They are easy and both kids and adults love them!
4th of July Recipes- Salads
Colorful, healthy and delicious. Your guests will love this old fashioned favorite!
Bacon should have it's own food group! Right? This is the best potato salad you will ever eat!


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About Us
We provide a fast, tax focussed and personal service at an affordable price.
As a Chartered Accountant and Chartered Tax Adviser, Philip Tyler offers you peace of mind with your routine tax and accounting affairs and tax advice when needed.
With over 25 years experience with quality firms there is not much that surprises Philip. He will provide a service which is geared to what you need from your accountant and business adviser.
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Contact Philip to talk about your requirements.


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Communities (3)
Top network posts
Top posts (3) All Questions Answers | Votes Newest
2 What's the name of this one? Jun 15 '17
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1 Can someone identify this LEGO Model? Jun 15 '17
Stack Exchange network consists of 175 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.Visit Stack Exchange


text:
While Edward Snowden sits in a Russian airport, the repercussions of the NSA scandal are being felt far and wide. But while headlines warn us about personal data and privacy, an even more sinister threat is flying under the radar - the theft of intellectual property.
Every internet user has cause to wonder how their personal data is protected or even exploited by online companies. More problematic is the large amount of relatively petty fraud experienced through the theft of passwords and other personal information. Though a relatively low-level concern for many victims, such activity is evidently very often part of quite elaborate syndicates of international organised crime.
Intellectual property theft goes even higher - often, it seems, through a shadowy mix of a business's competitors and intelligence agencies. The top end of the spectrum may even be linked to cyber-terrorism, sabotage and cyber-warfare.
Compared to the "movie plot threats" (see Die Hard 4.0), the theft of intellectual property seems rather mundane, but the likely impact is - at least for the time being - potentially much more significant. The Adversary may indiscriminately collect research results, product designs, sales plans and data and bigger strategic plans. Good cyber-attackers achieve this without the victim even realising it has happened. Once, such concerns were mainly the preserve of flagship projects, such as when foreign governments copy major aircraft designs. Now, in the connected world of the internet where all such data is online, opportunities exist at every level of business – together with the skills for attack and a willingness to use them.
The university sector in particular presents a difficult conundrum in this regard. Universities are major generators of intellectual property. Their spin-off activities are said to be worth £3.3 billion annually to the British economy through research and researchers, they are at the cutting edge of thinking in just about every field imaginable.
Whereas most organisations with secrets to protect have controls in place, spanning people, process, technology and physical security, universities are by their nature open places. Staff and students come and go, and large numbers of others are present on campus with visiting and peripatetic roles. It would be hugely damaging to this culture to put in place the security measures which would be commonplace in a large business. Background checks would be an anathema – but many graduate students and postdocs will have access to (and perhaps be helping to manage) the valuable research in progress. The actions leading to data loss may not even require a sophisticated cyber-plan at all.
Potential targets are also relatively easy to identify: academics have public web profiles; projects are described online, often as a condition of funding. Research to be published soon shows that people working in some fields are particularly prone to falling victim to "spear-phishing" attacks. This is where an apparently personal, carefully-crafted email contains a payload designed to steal content or plant spyware on the victim's computer. Such messages do not tend to be caught by anti-virus software because their contents are specific to the user and so cannot be recognised by a generic search for software known to be bad. Academics are vulnerable because the standard advice "do not open attachments from unknown users" doesn't work well when receiving CVs by email from prospective research students from all over the world.
The threat is very real. The scale of the risk is much harder to judge. This makes it hard to argue for changes in behaviour, and makes investment in new security measures difficult to justify. That said, university networks do not seem to be entirely overrun with viruses, botnets and the like, suggesting that many of the security measures in place are actually quite effective. The biggest danger, perhaps, is complacency in the face of a threat that continues to grow – but close behind is the danger of inappropriate or over-reaction that would alter too profoundly the open enquiry which must characterise a university.


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Intracoronary Thermography for Detection of High-Risk Vulnerable Plaques
Author + information
- Received June 16, 2005
- Revision received October 15, 2005
- Accepted November 13, 2005
- Published online April 18, 2006.
Author Information
- Mohammad Madjid, MD⁎,†,
- James T. Willerson, MD, FACC⁎,†,a and
- S. Ward Casscells, MD⁎,†,a,⁎ (S.Ward.Casscells{at}uth.tmc.edu)
- ↵⁎Reprint requests and correspondence:
Dr. S. Ward Casscells, Office of Biotechnology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 7000 Fannin, UCT 795, Houston, Texas 77030
Up to two-thirds of acute myocardial infarctions develop at sites of culprit lesions without a significant stenosis. New imaging techniques are needed to identify those lesions with an increased risk of developing an acute complication in the near future. Inflammation is a hallmark feature of these vulnerable/high-risk plaques. We have shown that inflamed atherosclerotic plaques are hot and their surface temperature correlates with an increased number of macrophages and decreased fibrous-cap thickness. Multiple animal and human experiments have shown that temperature heterogeneity correlates with arterial inflammation in vivo. Several coronary temperature mapping catheters are currently being developed and studied. These thermography methods can be used in the future to detect vulnerable plaques, potentially to determine patients' prognosis, and to study the plaque-stabilizing effects of different medications.
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease (1). In the mid-1990s, our group (S.W.C. and J.T.W.) investigated whether heat, a 2,000-year-old clinical sign of inflammation, can be used to locate foci of inflammation in the arterial wall (2). These experiments were based on the hypothesis that if atherosclerotic lesions are inflamed by virtue of inflammatory cell infiltration, they will give off more heat than normal areas of the arterial system. The possible reasons for this increased heart production are summarized in Table 1.
High metabolic rate
Macrophages, T-cells, and mast cells are very active cells with a high metabolic rate and high rate of energy consumption (3,4). In fact, the turnover rate for the total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of the macrophage in culture is about half of that for a perfused, isolated, maximally working rat heart (3). Arterial foam cells consume three times more oxygen than isolated smooth-muscle cells (5).
Ineffective thermogenesis
Many areas of atherosclerotic plaques are known to be ischemic, and the lack of oxygen would lead to ineffective metabolism of nutrients and greater loss of energy in the form of heat instead of ATP production. More interestingly, macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques show increased expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 and UCP-3 (6). Uncoupling proteins are homologues of thermogenin (UCP-1), and may contribute to heat production in plaques in the same way that thermogenin causes thermogenesis in brown fat tissue.
Increased neoangiogenesis
There is a high rate of neoangiogenesis in vulnerable plaques (7,8). Neovessel formation increases blood flow inside plaques, with resulting higher temperatures (although they may hypothetically "wash the heat away" from the plaque and work in the opposite direction).
Several infectious agents, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes viruses, and influenza, have been suggested to play a role in atherosclerosis (9–11). The possible local infection and subsequent inflammation may contribute to plaque heat production.
The final measured surface temperature over the arterial wall will depend on: 1) the metabolic activity of cellular components of plaques (especially more superficial cells), 2) heat diffusion to and from adjacent tissues, and 3) blood-tissue thermal diffusion (12).
Thermal heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaques, ex vivo studies
In a series of proof-of-concept studies, we measured the intimal surface temperatures of carotid artery plaques obtained during endarterectomy (2). In a heat- and humidity-controlled environment, we measured the surface temperature of multiple sites on each plaque by using a needle thermistor. In the absence of blood flow, we found significant temperature variations ranging from 0.2°C to 2.2°C (Fig. 1).Temperature heterogeneity could also be confirmed using an infrared camera. Measured temperature was directly correlated with cell density (r = 0.68; p = 0.0001) and inversely correlated with the depth of the cell clusters (r = −0.38; p = 0.0006) (2). Interestingly, temperature showed a positive correlation with macrophage density (r = 0.66; p = 0.0001) and an inverse correlation with smooth-muscle-cell density (r = −0.41; p = 0.0001) (13). Temperature heterogeneity did not correlate with the presence of C. pneumoniae, nor with the gross color of the luminal surface of plaques (13).
We also observed lower pH readings in vulnerable plaques in human carotid endarterectomy specimens, atherosclerotic rabbit aortas, and apoE-deficient mice aortas (14). In these samples, a lower pH was associated with a higher temperature (r = 0.7; p < 0.0001). Lipid-rich areas had a lower pH and a higher temperature, whereas calcified areas showed a higher pH and a lower temperature (14). Temperature and pH were significantly and inversely correlated (r = 0.94; p < 0.001) (Fig. 2).
Temperature mapping over arterial walls—animal studies
Naghavi et al. (15) developed a contact-based "thermo-basket" catheter for measuring the in vivo temperature over the arterial wall. This is a thermocouple-based basket catheter equipped with four small, flexible wires with built-in thermocouples and a thermal sensor in its central wire for simultaneous monitoring of the blood temperature. The device has a thermal resolution of 0.02°C with a sampling rate of 20 temperature readings per second. In animal studies, this catheter could detect temperature heterogeneity over the atherosclerotic plaques in the femoral arteries of inbred atherosclerotic dogs (Fig. 3)and the aortas of Watanabe rabbits (15,16).
Verheye et al. (17) developed an over-the-wire thermography catheter with four thermistors. They used it in 20 New Zealand rabbits randomized to either a normal diet or a cholesterol-rich diet for six months. They found marked temperature heterogeneity (up to 1°C) in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits at sites of thick plaques (assessed by intravascular ultrasound [IVUS]), where histology showed a high macrophage density. Temperature heterogeneity was absent at sites of plaques with a low macrophage density. Three months of a low-cholesterol diet led to a significant decrease in macrophage content in the absence of any changes in plaque thickness (17).
Effect of blood flow on coronary temperature measurement
Coronary flow may exert a "cooling effect" on measured coronary temperature. Complete obstruction of blood flow may increase the degree of detected temperature heterogeneity by 60% to 76% (18). However, others have shown that normal physiological flow conditions reduce temperature heterogeneity only by 8% to 13% compared to surface temperature measured in the absence of flow (19).
Diamantopoulos et al. (20) studied Thermosense thermography catheters (Thermocore Medical Ltd., Guildford, United Kingdom) in pigs and found that flow velocities above an average peak velocity of 9 cm/s do not affect temperature measurements. At flow velocities around 4 cm/s, the wall temperature began to rise by 0.015 ± 0.005°C, and further decrease in flow velocity causes a logarithmic increase in local wall temperature to a maximum of 0.188 ± 0.023°C, observed at total vessel occlusion. Importantly, in normal arteries, periodic oscillation in the flow velocity did not affect wall temperature. A mathematical simulation of a model of a coronary artery segment containing a heat source predicted that measured temperature is strongly affected by blood flow and also by cap thickness and source geometry (21).
On the basis of these studies, proximal occlusion of the artery by use of a balloon has been suggested to improve the temperature reading from the arterial wall and to overcome the problems arising from the cooling effects of blood flow.
Intracoronary thermal detection—human studies
Stefanadis et al. (22) in Greece conducted the first human intracoronary thermographic study in 1999. They used a rather large single-channel, thermistor-based catheter which almost blocked the arterial lumen, therefore decreasing the heat-dissipating effect of blood flow. In this study, temperature differences (ΔT) between atherosclerotic plaque and healthy vascular wall was 0.10 ± 0.11°C in patients with stable angina, 0.68 ± 0.34°C in those with unstable angina (UA), and 1.47 ± 0.69°C in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Plaque temperature heterogeneity was present in 20%, 40%, and 67% of the patients with stable angina, UA, and AMI, respectively, and did not correlate with the degree of stenosis. Temperature heterogeneity was absent in the control group.
In more recent studies, lower degrees of temperature difference have been reported by Webster et al. (23), Verheye et al. (24), Schmermund et al. (25), and Erbel et al. (personal correspondence, 2003). These differences may be caused in part by the discrepancies in the use of various medications (e.g., statins, aspirin) which may stabilize hot plaques, and more importantly, the effects of thermography catheters on blood flow. The larger thermistor used by Stefanadis et al. (18) can "wedge" the lesion and obstruct blood flow, whereas more recent studies have used catheters which do not obstruct coronary blood flow.
Schmermund et al. (25) used a non-occluding thermography catheter (Volcano Therapeutics, Orange County, California) in patients undergoing coronary intervention. This catheter system has a self-expanding basket with five nitinol arms at its tip, with one thermocouple on each arm and another one on the central wire, allowing for real-time, cross-sectional thermal mapping of the arterial wall. They studied 19 patients (ages 60 ± 11 years), of whom 11 had stable angina and 8 had UA. Focal high temperature was determined by comparing the temperature between arterial wall thermocouples versus central thermocouple. They recorded temperature differences ranging from 0.14°C to 0.36°C. Focal temperature heterogeneity was observed in four (50%) UA patients and in three (27%) patients with stable angina. This study showed a difference between the two groups; however, there was still a considerable overlap.
Wainstein et al. (26) used a different thermography catheter (ThermoCoil Guidewire, Imetrx, Mountain View, California). This guidewire has a temperature sensor in the distal tip and consists of a 0.014-inch wire with an angled tip rotating at 0.5 Hz at a pullback scanning rate of 0.5 mm/s, inscribing a helix on the lumen. They studied 13 patients: 2 with UA, 1 with non–ST-segment elevation MI, 1 with ST-segment elevation MI, and 9 with stable angina. Intracoronary temperature rises (0.1°C to 0.3°C) were detected in four subjects.
Dudek et al. (27) recently reported a study of 40 acute coronary syndrome patients (16 UA, 24 AMI, ages 54 ± 10 years) using a multisensor thermography basket catheter with five wall thermocouples and a central blood thermocouple (VCN). They measured ΔTmax (°C), defined as the maximum temperature difference between blood and any thermal couple. Mean ΔTmax was 0.09 ± 0.03°C. ΔTmax (°C) was 0 to 0.05 in 4, 0.06 to 0.09 in 19, and 0.1 to 0.28 in 16 patients. Average ΔTmax at the culprit segment (measured in 23 patients) was 0.092 ± 0.03°C (range 0.04°C to 0.18°C), which was significantly higher than ΔTmax recorded at a non-culprit (0.06 ± 0.01°C, range 0.03°C to 0.28°C, in 15 patients) (p = 0.0006). ΔTmax did not correlate with systemic high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level or previous statin use but had inverse correlation with blood flow during thermal mapping. Presence of blood flow led to a significant decrease in the recorded difference between culprit and non-culprit segments ΔTmax (27).
Effect of temperature cut point on number of hot plaques
Webster et al. (23) and Erbel et al. (personal correspondence, 2003) from New Zealand and Europe have collectively studied 6 patients with UA and 14 patients with stable angina. A cutoff temperature of ≥0.1°C yielded 10 patients with no temperature heterogeneity, 4 patients with a single hot spot, 3 patients with 2 hot spots, and 3 patients with 3 hot spots. However, an alternative cutoff of ≥0.2°C results in only 2 of 17 patients with a hot spot, and 1 patient with 2 such lesions. Changes in temperature cut points clearly and expectedly affect the number of detected hot plaques. Prospective cohort studies are needed to determine the optimum temperature cutoff level which can identify lesions that will benefit most from various interventions.
Intracoronary temperature heterogeneity and systemic inflammation
Stefanadis et al. (28) studied serum inflammatory biomarkers in 60 patients with stable angina, UA, and AMI, compared to 20 gender- and age-matched control subjects without coronary artery disease. In their study, there was a strong correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A levels, with detected differences in temperature (r = 0.796, p = 0.01 and r = 0.848, p = 0.01, respectively). Wainstein et al. (26) found an apparently higher mean CRP level in patients with higher temperature heterogeneity compared to those without elevated temperature (14.0 vs. 6.2 mg/l, p = not reported) .
In contrast, in the studies by Webster et al. (23), and Erbel et al. (personal correspondence, 2003), most patients had normal serum CRP levels, and the number of hot plaques did not correlate with the CRP level (and degree of luminal stenosis). These discrepancies may be in part due to a higher use of statins and anti-inflammatory medications in the studies by Webster et al. (23) and Erbel et al. (personal correspondence, 2003), smaller sample sizes, and the non-randomized nature of all observations.
Statin drugs have well-recognized anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce the number of macrophages while increasing the collagen content in atherosclerotic plaques, hence stabilizing the plaque (29,30). Stefanadis et al. (31) randomized 72 patients to a statin or placebo to investigate a possible stabilizing effect of statin on hot plaques. They found that statins significantly decrease the temperature difference in patients with stable angina, UA, and AMI (ΔT: 0.29 ± 0.33°C vs. 0.56 ± 0.41°C). This effect of temperature was independent of the serum cholesterol level at hospital admission and patients' presenting clinical syndrome.
Temperature heterogeneity and markers of plaque vulnerability
Temperature heterogeneity is associated with vascular remodeling (which is by itself associated with local inflammation in plaque) (32,33). Using IVUS in patients with acute coronary syndromes, Toutouzas et al. (34) have shown a strong and positive correlation between the coronary remodeling index (defined as the ratio of the external elastic membrane area at the lesion, to that at the proximal site) and the ΔT between the atherosclerotic plaque and healthy vascular wall. They have also reported a correlation between the serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 concentration and ΔTs. Matrix metalloproteinases play important roles in vascular remodeling (35); however, the strength of the relationship between serum levels of MMPs and focal activity of such enzymes at the plaque level remains to be determined. Toutouzas et al. (36) used samples obtained through direct coronary atherectomy in eight patients and found a significant increase in MMP-1, -3, and -9 (determined by immunohistochemistry studies) in samples which showed high temperature differences.
Temperature heterogeneity and clinical prognosis
Stefanadis et al. (37) investigated the midterm prognostic effect of human coronary atherosclerotic plaque temperature. They studied the temperature difference (ΔT) between the atherosclerotic plaque and the healthy vessel wall in 86 patients undergoing a successful percutaneous intervention. The patients had either effort angina (EA) (34.5%), UA (34.5%), or AMI (30%). The ΔT increased progressively from EA to AMI. Over a median clinical follow-up of 17.8 ± 7.1 months, the ΔT was a strong predictor of adverse cardiac events (odds ratio 2.14, p = 0.043). The threshold of the ΔT value, above which the risk for an adverse cardiac event was significantly increased, was 0.5°C.
Clinical implications and future research
Thermography is a novel method for "functional imaging" of atherosclerotic plaques with a potential for detection of vulnerable plaques and identifying vulnerable patients. Currently, several thermography catheters are being studied in clinical trials in the U.S., Europe, and Oceania (Table 2)(38). These clinical trials need to determine the safety, reproducibility, and benefits of this imaging method. Major questions remain to be answered: What is the best cutoff value to define a hot plaque? What would be the sensitivity and specificity of such cutoff values in different clinical settings? Is it best to find focal increases in temperature or to define the general temperature burden in coronary segments? Is proximal occlusion necessary for thermography studies? Once a hot plaque or artery is identified, what would be the best clinical approach to manage it (39)?
Obviously, a number of clinical trials with different designs are needed to answer these questions. Vulnerable plaques have multiple characteristics, and a combination of thermography with anatomical imaging methods such as IVUS, elastography, or optical coherence tomography may be the best approach to identify them (16).
↵a Drs. Willerson and Casscells are founders and shareholders in Volcano Therapeutics Inc., a company that develops diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for managing vulnerable plaque.
This work was supported in part by U.S. Department of Defense Grant No. W81XWH-04-2-0035, "Texas Training and Technology for Trauma and Terrorism (T5)." Dr. William A. Zoghbi acted as guest editor.
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- acute myocardial infarction
- adenosine triphosphate
- C-reactive protein
- effort angina
- intravascular ultrasound
- matrix metalloproteinase
- ΔTmax
- maximum temperature difference
- unstable angina
- uncoupling protein
- Received June 16, 2005.
- Revision received October 15, 2005.
- Accepted November 13, 2005.
- American College of Cardiology Foundation
- ↵
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- Casscells S.W.
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- Madjid M.,
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- Casscells W.
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- Verheye S.,
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Citation Manager Formats
Article Outline
- Top
- Abstract
- High metabolic rate
- Ineffective thermogenesis
- Increased neoangiogenesis
- Infections
- Thermal heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaques, ex vivo studies
- Temperature mapping over arterial walls—animal studies
- Effect of blood flow on coronary temperature measurement
- Intracoronary thermal detection—human studies
- Effect of temperature cut point on number of hot plaques
- Intracoronary temperature heterogeneity and systemic inflammation
- Temperature heterogeneity and markers of plaque vulnerability
- Temperature heterogeneity and clinical prognosis
- Clinical implications and future research
- Footnotes
- References


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Sure, I might be biased, but in my experiences in college football fandom, I've noticed that there's some big differences between Bobby Bowden and Joe Paterno. Both are obviously legends in the sport and will be remembered forever for their contributions. Maybe it's his southern swagger, but I always thought Bowden was a little bit more pretentious when discussing matters such as his "legacy."
Case in point, this article from SI.com, which wonders if Bowden's reputation takes a hit in the latest F$U scandal.
"I don't think you can ruin my legacy," the 78-year-old coach said Saturday. "How can you ruin it? What I've done, I've done. You can't take it away, can you?"See, a comment like that leaves me a little unsettled. No, we can't take away Bobby Bowden's contributions to college football, but I don't like that he's trying to throw them around and show them off. If you ask Paterno about his legacy, he'll mumble incoherently for a few seconds before likely explaining that he doesn't consider it a "legacy," that he's glad to have made a difference in the university and in young men's lives, and that he doesn't want to talk about himself anymore.
In the Bowden interviews I've read or seen, it seems clear to me that Bobby's coaching for the all-time wins record, while Joe says he stopped counting his wins years ago (well, at least that's what he'll tell you).
Even though Joe has "stopped counting," I'll pick it up for him -- with his Alamo Bowl win victory last night, JoePa is one win behind Bowden on the all-time wins list. So pull up to the TV tomorrow night with some champagne or eggnog, watch Florida State lose to Kentucky in the Music City Bowl, and celebrate the start of an exciting 2008.


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- Package contains 3 layering dies.
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Heading into the fall, the health of the mortgage market in 2015 has trended in line with their initial expectations at the beginning of the year and above consensus estimates, but how strong is that really?
FBR & Co. says that things are looking good.
"This has largely been a result of a gradually improving purchase market and a renewal in strong refinancings as rates fell sharply in the first half of this year," FBR says. "The Mortgage Bankers Association estimates originations as of the end of September 30, 2015, of $1.1 trillion. This level would have largely met original investor expectations heading into the year, with three months remaining.
"The next step is where the industry heads from here. With TILA-RESPA set to come on line in the fourth quarter, we do not believe there will be a QM-sized disruption in the market," they write. "Mid-tier originators should continue to show strong growth, as market share gains will likely continue as larger players remain cautious on credit standards and very small mortgage lenders struggle with implementation costs."
Looking at mortgage debt and mortgage app, analysts at Compass Point Research & Trading say that strength in the housing market through the first half of 2015 helped push mortgage debt outstanding at the end of the second quarter to the highest level seen in nearly two years.
"Mortgage application volumes remain elevated in 3Q15 relative to the year ago period and purchase applications indicate increasing momentum heading into the close of the quarter," they say in a client note. "Despite the Y/Y increases, average application volumes have declined in 3Q15 compared with the prior quarter while mortgage credit hiring continued to move higher through July.
"The combination of lower volumes and increased market capacity have pressured gain on sale margins thus far in 3Q15. We anticipate the pullback in margins will pressure earnings for mortgage originators in 3Q, and could persist in 4Q15 if capacity remains elevated during the seasonally slow period for the housing market." Compass Point says.
Mortgage debt outstanding grew 0.5% from the first quarter following the strong origination volumes seen in the first half of 2015. Mortgage debt is now at its highest level since the third quarter of 2013, while homeowners equity is now just 3% below its all time high.
Compass Points information shows that, on average, mortgage applications have declined 7% in third quarter compared with the prior quarter. Purchase apps have led the decline, falling 9% from the prior quarter, while refis are tracking 5% below second quarter levels.
Another measure, real estate credit employment, was up around 5% in 2015 through the end of July on the back of one of the strongest selling seasons seen in years.
Meanwhile, purchase apps have gained momentum in September, holding above 20+% annual growth.
"We expect the increased capacity will pressure margins in the second half of 2015 as overall mortgage application volumes declined on in 3Q15 from the prior quarter," Compass Point says.
But at least one mortgage finance analyst says that the numbers aren't as strong as they look at first blush.
Logan Mohtashami, senior loan officer at AMC Lending Group and a prolific mortgage pundit, notes that mortgage purchase applications have been a consistently low throughout this economic cycle even though mortgage rates have been below 5% since early 2011.
And he points out something else troubling.
"When adjusted to population growth, purchase applications are at the second worst level ever recorded in American economic history," Mohtashami says. "The only time purchase applications to population has been lower was in 2014.
"We had a slightly lower headline number in 2011 and 2012 put employment to population metric has grown as has population from those years," he says.
And looking forward, Anthony Sanders at Confounded Interest doesn't see a good trajectory for home sales in general, based on the Federal Reserve's current policy and the impact it has had.
"One measure of the effectiveness of Fed interest rate policy is the disparity it creates in terms of home prices relative to median family income," says Sanders, a distinguished professor of finance at George Mason University. "As a reminder, The Federal Reserve started lowering their Fed Funds target rate in September 2007, then followed with asset purchases in late 2008 … The third round of QE was announced in September 2012 under Chairman Ben Bernanke.
"Janet Yellen, the current Federal Reserve Chair, continued her predecessor's policies. To what end for American families?" he asks. "…(R)ising home prices since 2012 and declines in median family incomes. The common theme among these bubble state cities is the rise in home prices along with declining median family incomes."


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Florida police arrested an Uber driver and his female passenger after they spotted something surging in the man's lap — and it wasn't ride-share pricing.
Officers say Uber driver Jason Lynch, 42, allegedly traded a ride for oral sex from Elizabeth Santos, 41, Wednesday in St. Petersburg, where the barter system is apparently alive and well.
According to police reports published by the Smoking Gun, undercover officers saw Lynch and Santos engaging in the sex act at a parking lot in an area known for prostitution activity. Lynch had "his penis exposed" in "full view of the public," the Smoking Gun reported.
Lynch admitted that he asked Santos "how she intended to pay and she agreed to perform oral sex on him for the ride."
Both were arrested on prostitution and lewd and lascivious behavior charges. Because she has previous prostitution convictions, Santos was also charged with a felony for the alleged sex act.
Lynch posted $500 bond and was released from custody; Santo remains in jail.


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As we begin to recover from the New Year's Eve parties and brace ourselves for the start of yet another year, there are new job titles awaiting those who have been appointed to the House of Lords in the New Year's honours list. The recent appointments take the total up to 794 members, meaning it is the second largest chamber to China. Popular public opinion imagines the House to be an archaic institution whose members, kitted out in scarlet robes, rule the lives of the everyday person. The Lords' function is to complement the elected House of Commons, by checking and challenging government.
Initially, it was designed to be an advisory body for the monarch, but with the emergence of the Commons in the 14th century, the Lords' influence on affairs of the state diminished as the dominance of the Commons grew. Given its muted role, surely the contention concerning the House of Lords is misjudged?
Just by looking at the composition of the House, however, the cracks start to appear to reveal an outmoded institution. Women first entered the chamber in 1958 and calls for reform saw the New Labour initiative to reduce the number of hereditary peers in 1999.
Despite this, the House currently hosts more than twice the number of male members to female members and ninety-two of its members are hereditary peers.
David Cameron's government saw the most members appointed by any Prime Minister, bloating the House. Therefore, when the bill to trigger Article 50 had to go through the Lords, the relevance of the House was once again brought into question.
Having the biggest democratic decision of our lifetimes requiring approval from an unelected body is difficult to justify, even though the Lords had no power in overturning the bill. This, along with circulating footage of peers falling asleep in sitting sessions has compounded to a very negative view of the chamber, out of touch with the public and unrepresentative of those they are instructed to serve.
Hence, there have been calls to abolish the House. Whilst this appears to be a democratic proposal, in practice it undermines democracy as it both removes the crucial checks and balances to our government, and the expertise that the Lords bring to the table.
The House includes retired generals, trade union leaders and academics alike who use their experience to enhance our laws. Therefore, the House requires reform rather than removal. However, proposed reforms such as having a hybrid house of elected and appointed members, or even having a fully elected house are unworkable.
To do either would confuse the relationship between the two Houses and would attract politicians rather than the experts that the House prides itself on.
Instead, the reform that needs to occur must be more specific, targeting the aspects of the House that are particularly undemocratic, yet retaining its uniqueness.
Limiting the number of members by not having life peers, phasing out the remaining heredity and Lords Spiritual peers and means testing expenses (which currently stands at £300 a day per member) are some measures that would help focus the House and restore public faith.
Ultimately, it needs to be a more representative body. London has five times more members in the chamber than the north–west of England, despite the two regions having similar levels of population. Therefore, in order for the House to continue to be relevant and conduct its role to the highest degree it must both comprise and engage with all members of society.
By doing so, the public can invest their faith in the Lords knowing they will comprehensively carry out the work the chamber was designed to complete. It is time the comfort of being an established institution is challenged and the House acknowledges the necessity of reform.


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As you've no doubt discovered, newborns don't come with instruction manuals. Luckily, you've got enough love to make it through these tough first weeks. Below, we've compiled some of the most common questions we get about newborn care here at Adventure Learning Center. Bathing and Grooming Your Bundle of Joy, From Head to Toe Let's start with the umbilical cord. Whenever you change your baby's diaper, gently wipe his tummy, but try to keep the cord dry. Don't tuck it inside your Read More »
The Ultimate Guide to Caring for your Newborn
10 Ways to Raise a Grateful Child
Parents around the country are noticing an alarming trend. To put it bluntly, their wonderful kids turn into entitled jerks when Christmas rolls around! We know you don't want your kid to be greedy or ungrateful. Now that the holiday season is here, however, you may be seeing less-than-ideal behavior from your little ones. How do you teach gratitude and humility to your kids when it's the season of giving (or, in some cases, the season of more-more-more and me-me-me)? Gratitude Matters Read More »
Protecting Your Kids During Cold & Flu Season
The cold and flu season is hitting the region really hard this year. A number of factors help to make this yucky bug circulate quickly, including a virulent strain and a flu vaccine that wasn't as effective as in years past. Cold weather and spending time indoors only helps this bug make its rounds. So what can you do to keep your family safe from sickness? We have some tips to help keep your little ones healthy this time of year. Protecting Read More »
Creating New Years Resolutions For Children
As the year draws to a close, it is only natural to reflect on the year. New Year's resolutions always seem like a very adult thing with goals of losing weight or dropping a bad habit. So often these resolutions tackle negatives and very rarely last beyond February. But it doesn't have to be that way. New Year's Eve is a great way to reflect with your family on ways to make 2018 a happier year for your family. Here are some Read More »


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The UMBC men's basketball team will open the 2015-16 campaign against national powers Wake Forest and St. John's, teams that will compete in the Championship Round bracket of the Maui Jim Maui Invitational.
In the Opening Round games of the tournament, UMBC will face Wake Forest in Winston-Salem, N.C. on Friday, Nov. 13 and then face St. John's at Carnesecca Arena on Monday, Nov. 16. Game times will be announced at a later date.
The following weekend, the Retrievers will compete in the Regional Games of the tournament at the University of Northern Colorado, as previously announced. UMBC faces the host UNC Bears at Bank of Colorado Arena on Friday, Nov. 21, before taking on either Austin Peay or Cal Poly a day later.
UMBC has only faced the Red Storm previously and are winless in the two contests (2006, 2011) played in New York.
Wake Forest is coached by second-year head coach Danny Manning, while Chris Mullin debuts on the sidelines for the Red Storm in 2015-16.


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It has been an incredible run for John Hufnagel, coach and general manager of the Calgary Stampeders. Since returning to the Canadian Football League in 2008, his record heading into this season is 88-37-1. His teams have finished first in the West Division four times and have won two Grey Cups.
Stampeders coach and GM Hufnagel is the standard of exellence
If the old quarterback in John Hufnagel didn't see the question coming, the response was quick at hand. It seems he still knows how to elude the rush, even at 63.
This is Hufnagel's final season as head coach of the Calgary Stampeders, although he'll remain the general manager — and architect of this juggernaut — in 2016, handing the coaching reigns to offensive coordinator Dave Dickenson. So, Friday's game against the Alouettes will be his final appearance on the sideline at Molson Stadium.
"I don't talk about that. It has no relevancy to the outcome of this football game. That's it," he said, with the tight smile that has become his trademark — along with winning.
It has been an incredible run for Hufnagel and the Stamps. He became Calgary's head coach in 2008, replacing Tom Higgins, returning to the Canadian Football League after a decade in the NFL as a quarterback coach or offensive coordinator. Heading into this season, his record is 88-37-1. That's a .702 winning percentage. His worst season came in 2009, Calgary a modest 10-7-1. His teams have finished first in the West Division four times. While his post-season record's a more-modest 7-5, he nonetheless has won two championships and made three Grey Cup appearances.
"I'd sit in the back of the room and just watch Huf — how he approached and addressed the team," said Montreal receiver Nik Lewis, who spent 11 seasons with the Stamps and aspires to get into coaching. "For a guy to be 50-something games over .500, that's amazing. That's basically three seasons over .500.
"I've learned so much from him. He set a standard of excellence. You always knew what to expect, as far as being prepared for games."
Hufnagel got into the coaching racket quite by accident. A player-coach in Saskatchewan, his career ended in 1987, when he tore his Achilles tendon. His home base as a player was always Calgary. He had secured his real estate licence and was making a comfortable living acquiring leases and investing, purchasing properties with Tom Forzani, refurbishing and then renting them out. It was only when a coaching position opened with the Stampeders in 1990 that he considered taking the plunge into coaching. He was named the offensive coordinator under Wally Buono. Hufnagel's quarterbacks over the next seven seasons were Doug Flutie and Jeff Garcia. Not a bad way to start.
Hufnagel has been in total control of this franchise since returning in 2008, and it's he alone who revitalized an organization that had fallen into disrepair. He restored professionalism and accountability, teaching the players how to win. Hufnagel has never forgotten his roots and remains a players' coach, all the athletes would agree, but don't cross him. The leash can be short and Hufnagel to this day remains an imposing and intimidating figure. Don Matthews — just a little less gruff.
Hufnagel has surrounded himself with quality, whether it's in the personnel department or his coaching staff. And he has remained ahead of the curve, the Stamps always seemingly having a quality player waiting in reserve.
"He's always a man with a plan. The coaches we've lost … same thing with the player situation. I picture him in his office with this master screen filled with depth, wherever he needs it," said long-snapper Randy Chevrier, the St-Léonard native who played at McGill.
"Huf keeps us focused on the process — the preparation, the boring stuff. He defines his expectations, every week, every season. He expects guys to be ready to play, prepared to play, and not just the guys who know they're playing. The guys who have proven that stick around. And you follow his recipe," Chevrier continued. "He's serious and doesn't mince words. He can be a great guy and you can joke around with him, but he has an expectation and he knows what No. 1 is, trying to win."
The bar will always be set high in Calgary, the Stamps every CFL team's biggest rival. Defeat Calgary and it can turn a season around, the Stamps the league's barometer for success. It's that unrelenting pressure that forces the players to succeed, knowing a replacement's always waiting in the wings.
"His biggest thing is he's always honest with his players. He's one of the most honest coaches I've ever been around," said linebacker Keon Raymond, who came to Calgary in 2008. "You respect a guy like that and know where he's coming from. You take everything he says to heart and want to give everything you've got for him. It'll be hard to play not seeing Huf on the sideline."
Ask Hufnagel about his legacy and he says that's a question for another day, when all is said and done. Will he at least admit he has been a good and successful coach?
"I've been able to coach players who have good records," he concluded.


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Transportation rivals electricity generation as the largest contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – compromising air quality for over 134 million, or 4 in 10, Americans. Due to the magnitude of this issue, companies across the nation have transitioned from diesel to renewable natural gas (RNG), where appropriate, in their supply chain activities. What could lower transportation emissions mean for your sustainability goals? How about for communities with air quality issues?
Be the Change.
Given the impact transportation has on overall emissions, it's certainly worth investigating throughout your supply chain. Whether you're supplying raw materials to production facilities or delivering finished goods to retailers – transportation likely plays a significant and crucial role to your business… but also impacts quality of life for so many.
Depending on your business, transportation may be classified as scope 3 emissions, with the perception of being difficult to control. Until now. RNG is a fuel choice that has been widely adopted by fleets because of its proven infrastructure and vehicle technology. It offers unmatched emission benefits – featuring up to 125% well-to-wheel GHG reductions. Tailpipe emissions are good, but don't factor in activities that relate to the fuel's production. Bottom line – RNG has the ability to truly impact your sustainability goals and improve air quality – fast.
Go Green, Save Green
RNG isn't just better for the environment. It will make a positive impact on your bottom line too. It's become an affordable fuel solution through incentives for vehicle purchases, tax credits for fuel usage and an overall lower, less volatile fuel cost. When you choose RNG for your fleet you aren't just going green, you're also saving green and because of this, it will be an easier sustainability project to sell throughout your company.
Better yet, the RNG industry is firmly established, with far less unknowns compared to other alternatives (such as electric vehicles). Want to know how much you could save?Why not ElectricElectric vehicle adoption within commercial fleets depends largely on application. For light-duty vehicles, EVs are an attractive option. But for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, the technology hasn't caught up to the need. Battery technology, charging infrastructure and total cost of ownership are still being defined. EVs will have their day, but RNG is a developed, tested, affordable option that you can leverage today. Your GHG reductions can't wait for the EV revolution.
Getting Started with Clean Fuel
We've sparked your curiosity – so what's next? What questions do you have and what else should you be considering?
As a leading sustainability energy solutions provider, engaged in both RNG development and supply, we'd be happy to show you the positive impact a fuel change could have on your sustainability goals (and fuel spend)!Read MoreWe'll also gladly discuss both the benefits and considerations alternative fuel could bring to your fleet. With over 60 years' experience in the transportation industry, we've defined and refined best practices for a seamless alternative fuel integration. We'll even help you monitor ongoing progress, as it relates to both emissions and economic savings.
Stay Ahead of the Rest
Vehicle emissions and air quality are making headlines across North America, especially in California. Consumers and legislators are starting to demand a higher level of sustainability and leading brands are already taking action. Don't be left behind. Let's talk about your path forward to clean transportation.


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PARIS — President Emmanuel Macron asked French citizens on Tuesday night to come together in the aftermath of the calamitous fire at Notre-Dame Cathedral and to move beyond the divisions that have wrenched the country during months of violent street protests.
Mr. Macron, who has faced a virtual uprising against his pro-business government, sought to rally a country still devastated by the fire and turn the profound, yet undoubtedly fleeting, moment of national mourning and unity to his advantage.
Like his predecessor, François Hollande, who steered France through two terrorist attacks, Mr. Macron suggested that politics be forgotten in the aftermath of the fire and called attention to the grand national rebuilding project — vowing to restore the gargantuan Gothic gem in a mere five years.
Categories: Brez kategorije


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Lenna Thompson, Associate Director for Broster Buchanan Talent Solutions, explains why the future of the workplace depends on our ability to engage with school children.
With younger generational values clashing with aspects of the current workplace, severe skill shortages in STEM [science, technology, engineering and maths] careers and a rapid transition to a more automated workplace, relevant education and learning for school-age children is increasingly becoming a major concern for businesses.
It is crucial that schools are properly preparing children for the future workplace through curriculum alignment to fundamental skills and jobs. However, there are fears from strategic leaders from some of the UK's leading employers – including IBM, Weetabix and GroupM – that the curriculum is more aligned to school exam results and this is having a major impact on nurturing and developing future talent in the workplace.
A pioneering project called 'The Future of the Workplace', which is being led by talent solutions firm Broster Buchanan Talent Solutions, looks at the key challenges facing UK businesses today and their impact on future world of work. Advertising media firm GroupM, one of the employers involved in the project, which employs over 32,000 employees worldwide, is currently spearheading a scheme working with 12 and 13-year-old school children to introduce them to the workplace.
Small groups of schoolchildren from disadvantaged areas of London are invited to GroupM and asked to take part in challenges that aim to broaden their business knowledge – the objective being to open their minds to a world outside of their borough and encourage more informed decisions at school, which in turn will help on their career journey. The project has been extremely successful in leading to numerous work experience placements and internships.
Employers believe targeting children between the ages of 11 and 14 is key to influence, encourage and excite about potential career options, and also enable informed decision making when choosing between school subject and work experience options.
It is fundamentally clear that more needs to be done to link school learning with needs of the modern day workplace. By 2020 there will be five generations working together, which will be a juggling act for employers. Back-to-work schemes, apprenticeships and agile working are all under the spotlight, alongside alternative approaches to personal development. Younger generations are creating a culture of immediacy through use of multiple devices and agile technology, and this is leaking into the workplace.
Even traditional appraisal processes are being modernised. For example, technology giant IBM has a learning model that works in a similar way to Netflix, which the company is now rolling back into the onboarding process. This is in response to the needs of its employees; where consumer standards have shifted, employee expectations have also changed and the business is reacting to this.
It is crucial that UK businesses are continually learning, investing and adapting their methods of attracting new talent or there will be a serious risk to the growth of their business. Fifty per cent of the UK workforce are now millennials (with up to 70% in emerging markets), so many businesses are already behind the curve with this generation and are quickly needing to develop retention strategies in light of a rapidly evolving workforce where roles can become redundant through automation.
Upskilling and retraining the existing workforce is absolutely necessary and there is no doubt that employers will need to start earlier with influencing and nurturing home-grown talent. And to do this, they will need to go back to school.
Lenna Thompson is associate director, Broster Buchanan Talent Solutions. Broster Buchanan is holding a series of 'The Future of the Workplace' events. Click here for more information
This article was published on the Recruiter website on 4th July 2018. Click here to view the original article.


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What Are The Best 6.5-Inch Car Speakers? (2019 Edition)
Are you looking to drive in style while enjoying the very best in high quality sound? Tired of listening to the same old tired stereo system that seems to go dull after a few years of usage? Want to pull up to the beach and party with everyone looking your way? Imagine speakers that not only sound great, but are also aesthetically pleasing as well!
We picked two favorite 6.5-inch speakers on the market in 2018 that will get the job done for you and come at a great price.
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Our #1 Choice – Boss Audio Chaos Series 6.5" Speaker
Looking mean in red and black, these 6.5-inchers from Boss Audio are certainly not a case of form over function. With adequate power handling and solid sensitivity, you'll get a powerful sound that's also beautifully clear. Perhaps the best thing about these speakers is the ultra-low price. If you act now, they are available at an aggressive discount.
- Power handling more than fit for purpose
- Components built to take heavy punishment
- Very easy to install
- Design might not be to everyone's taste
If you're on the trail of a subtle pair of speakers, click away. If, on the other hand, you like something that makes a real statement, both visually and on the audio front, the Boss Audio 6.5-inchers deserve a place on your shortlist.
From a respectable bass right though mids and high-range frequencies, the sound is clean and punchy.
Build is dependable and these speakers will last many years if properly cared for.
Already priced competitively, if you act quickly you can snap up these speakers at an incredible discount leaving you with some spare cash to consider investing in a subwoofer or amp.
Our #2 Choice – Rockford Fosgate R165 6.5" Speakers
Rockford Fosgate specializes in serving up first-class car audio at anything but first-class prices. While power handling could be slightly better and low-range frequencies improved, these are minor gripes set against the crisp and undistorted sound you'll enjoy with a set of the R165s installed.
- Fantastic value for money
- Unrivaled brand heritage
- Extremely dependable speakers built to last
- Disappointing bass
Rockford Fosgate delivers another winner in the form of these 6.5" speakers perfect if you're looking to improve your stock system.
A stamped steel basket helps out with low-end frequencies although we'd like to see a bit more oomph from the bass.
Grilles, crossovers and all mounting hardware are included so you're good to go straight out the box. These speakers are suitable for the beginner and audio enthusiast alike.
The silk dome pole and Piezo tweeter give you all you need by the way of mids and highs for a rich overall sound experience.


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Death From Above 1979 have said they still "want to be the AC/DC of hardcore".
Speaking in the new issue of NME, which is on newsstands now or available digitally, Sebastien Grainger of the reformed duo spoke about the band's aims when they started out. "We wanted to be as straight ahead as possible," he commented. "We wanted to be the AC/DC of hardcore. That's still one of our goals."
The band will release their new album, 'The Physical World', on September 8, just less than a decade after their debut and three years since reforming in 2011. In a track-by- track guide in this week's magazine, Grainger discusses 'Always On', which is about modern technology, how phones and Twitter mean "no-one can get away from anything anymore". He added: "People ask: 'What would Kurt Cobain do if he were alive today? He'd blow his head off."
He also explains that the song 'White Is Red' references both Sonic Youth and Bruce Springsteen. "It's a bit Springsteen because it's a wandering ballad and a car song. Jesse [F Keeler]'s riff totally sounded like Sonic Youth when he first played it."
Grainger says that the song 'Crystal Ball' was written at a soundcheck in Manchester and the working title of the song was 'Manchester' for a long time.
The band's live plans begin at Toronto's Riot Fest on September 6/7, but their tour proper begins in Europe in October and includes three dates in the UK.
Death From Above 1979 will play:
London Electric Ballroom (October 20)
Manchester Gorilla (21)
Glasgow The Garage (22)
To check the availability of Death From Above 1979 tickets and get all the latest listings, go to NME.COM/TICKETS now, or call 0871 230 1094.


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Items in New York Heritage are organized into collections, which provide additional context for understanding their significance and meaning.
Correspondence and historical records from Brentwood, NY.
A directory of Buffalo Ku Klux Klan members from the mid-1920s.
Roughly 500 manuscript pages of Lockwood's various lectures, including some from the time of her campaign for president.


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HÀ NỘI — The wartime experiences of Việt Nam in different places are depicted truthfully and vividly in the sketches of painter Trần Huy Oánh.
His book Wartime Sketches – Everlasting Devotion was released yesterday in Hà Nội, bringing wartime memories to readers.
The book includes 189 sketches by the painter, who took note of war scenes from 1965 to 1973 in Trường Sơn trail, Thanh Hóa, Nghệ An, Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị and Central Highlands battlefields.
Lê Trọng Lân, chairman of the Art Council for Paintings, the Việt Nam Fine Arts Association, remarked that these paintings reflect an unforgettable period of time.
"It seems that I can meet in person again the old men at Hàm Rồng Bridge, militia girls, mothers of the Vân Kiều ethnic group, and myself in a tough but beautiful afternoon in Trường Sơn range with a burnt trail and bomb craters," he said.
"These war scenes were beautifully sketched with gentle light colours, yet still revealed a very strong sentiment and vibration in the soul of this talented painter. He simply depicted life exactly as it was."
Vi Kiến Thành, head of the Department of Fine Arts, Photography and Exhibition, said Oánh is among the greatest painters of the war and an important contributor to Việt Nam's art scene.
"One of the most impressive paintings by Oánh is Hàm Rồng Bridge," said Thành. "It seemed painter Oánh naturally has a sense of his generation's duty: living and painting the wartime, in all of its aspects."
Oánh said he stayed near Hàm Rồng bridge for one month to paint workers and young volunteers fixing the bridge and railroads with the determination not to let the US bombs destroy the bridge and block the road.
"From that day to many years later, I completed a lacquer painting called Hàm Rồng Bridge, which received the top prize in the annual National Fine Arts Exhibition in 1976," Oánh said.
Lương Xuân Đoàn, deputy director of the Việt Nam National Fine Arts, said Oánh's sketches then – now historical paintings in the archives - became fossils out of the lava of war, where generations of Vietnamese came to the front, lived their lives and died. But their souls seem to surround us still, with the streams, mountains and trees.
"These memories do not only belong to the painter himself but also to the next generations as ever-burning flames, an invaluable treasure of Việt Nam," he said.
Óanh was born in 1937. He is known for his great devotion to Vietnamese fine arts as a painter who travelled to many battlefields to document the wartime. He is also a lecturer who has taught many famous painters of Việt Nam during 15 years working at the Việt Nam University of Fine Arts. — VNS


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A few months ago a friend and fellow author, Dianna Gunn, posted an article focused on the reasons why she writes YA fiction. Since my novel, Starter Zone, falls into this genre, she suggested that it might be a good topic for me as well.
I like these types of articles because it gives readers insight into an author's thought processes. Indeed, I enjoy reading Agatha Christie's advice on writing mysteries and Stephen King's thoughts on why people like horror novels/movies. It is fun to learn about an author's inspirations.
YA novels appeal to me because I enjoy "coming of age" stories where a person journeys into the world and, through hard-won experience, gains knowledge and maturity. The heroes/heroines learn about themselves and their roles in the world. The various temptations and obstacles faced bring out their characters and develop their faculties, leading toward a greater self-awareness.
In many other types of novels the protagonists gradually accept the rules of society and learn to integrate themselves into its rules—to adapt their ways of thinking and behavior so that they can succeed in their life goals. But, in my opinion, the very best types of YA novels, the ones I love to read, blow that sort of "adaptation" idea out of the water. Look at Harry Potter and Katniss Everdeen for examples of how YA heroes/heroines forge their own path and shape the world around them. These protagonists achieve a realization about their roles in the larger society and see themselves as possessing the capacity to not only disagree with prevailing opinions, but to act out against them.
Many of the YA novels where the heroes/heroines strive to change society are set in dystopian or fantasy worlds. Dystopian themes touch many controversial issues faced in the world today, from terrorist attacks to evolving cultural gender roles. In the fantasy settings there is less moral ambiguity than in the real world. There are more issues painted black and white and fewer shades of off-white or dark grey clouding the picture. The YA protagonists inhabit these types of dysfunctional story worlds and, as they awaken to the realities around them, determine how to take corrective action. This often puts them at odds with family and friends who do not share the same realizations. The heroes/heroines are a force of change within their societies and often stand alone at the center of a revolution, where their choices and actions have far-reaching consequences.
These are the types of novels I enjoy reading, which is why I started writing them. "Write what you enjoy reading" is advice I have taken to heart. I hope that you find these types of YA stories as compelling as I do!


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Information and TruthLeave a comment
April 26, 2012 by LeVoyageur
Not all information is true. This is certain. We are bombarded daily with countless types of information, most of which are designed not to bring clarity, but to cloud the mind with doubt. What is old is new, what is new is old. Advertising asserts claims that ring of the truth, but as everyone knows scientific results can say different things to different people. Also, you can poll for anything and get the results you want based on the questions you ask. Where is the truth in that?
To say that we can, most of us, sit back at the end of the day and be confident that we experienced a day full of truth is objectively not true. Instead what we have experienced is a day full of information. The most that we as individuals can know to be true are the values we live by, the God we give thanks to, and for some of us, the loved one we kiss good night.
Today I attended the Hebraica Libraries Group annual general meeting in London. The HLG is a professional organization of librarians who work with Hebrew and Jewish Studies collections in the United Kingdom. It was organized in London in 1976 and though small, its membership of librarians and scholars constitute a storehouse of information on libraries, publishing, and history that is an intellectual, if not national, treasure taking into account the Judaica collections of the British Library, the Valmadonna Trust Library, the libraries of Oxford, Cambridge, UCL, Kings College, and smaller rabbinical and Jewish community libraries.
The meeting was held at the Wiener Library, Russell Square, London. The Wiener Library is the world's oldest centre dedicated to the study of the Holocaust. It was founded by Alfred Wiener in 1933. Wiener was a German Jew. In 1928 he began to document the activities of the Nazi party, collecting its publications and literature, identifying it early on as a major threat to the Jewish people. Along with David Cohen, he established the Jewish Central Information Office in Amsterdam after fleeing Germany in 1933. He continued his work throughout the Nazi era in various countries and after World War II, established the collection as a library and scholarly center to study the Nazi era. Wiener died in 1964. The library continues to grow, having recently moved into newly refurbished quarters.
Among its collection are scores of examples of Nazi publications, including children's literature, board games, and grammar books. These are examples of materials rarely seen. They are items that would be found in homes and in schools. At the end of the war, with the failure and disgrace of the Nazi ideology, they could simply be tossed on a fire and surely were. Crass images of perfect Aryan youth are juxtaposed with obscene characterizations of Jews, worthy of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.
One example of this is a book titled Trau keinem Fuchs auf grüner Heid und keinem Jud auf seinem Eid [Trust No Fox on His Green Heath, and No Jew on His Oath.] This was normal information for the Aryan child: A Nazi truth. We see such publications for what they are today: lies, propaganda, ideology. But beyond what they inherently are, they become a different sort of truth. That is, through the agency of people like Alfred Wiener and so many others, they constitute the truth of totalitarianism. They are the evidence of man's inhumanity to man, the willful acceptance of images that turn fellow citizens into monstrous caricatures.
Looking out of the back window of our conference room, I saw a jumble of academic buildings coming together in the interior of a city block, revealing their duct work, ventilation, and rooftops. Dominating the scene is Senate House, the Art Deco high-rise that today houses Senate House Library. During World War II, Senate House was the Ministry of Information, the British information and propaganda body that fought against the Nazi onslaught with morale-boosting publications in the war of nerves that characterized years of bombing, want, and uncertainty. It is also known as the building that featured as the 'Ministry of Truth' in the film version of George Orwell's 1984, the ministry charged with manufacturing truth that is in reality the falsification of history.
Outwardly, the Wiener Library is an unremarkable Georgian building – attractive without calling attention to itself. Standing in their conference room, looking out over the expanse of buildings and up the nineteen floors of Senate House, it occurred to me that if 'information' is voluminous, outward, insinuating itself into every crevice, then 'truth' is modest, even austere, standing as it were in the shadow of information.
Without a doubt, people living in the Nazi era, as well as people today, were fully capable of sorting out the truth from the raw information that was presented to them. But in the fog of war, the fog of information, most chose to ignore the reality. Instead they chose to make evil banal. Unlike Alfred Wiener, they accepted a march toward totalitarianism that might have been stopped. The Wiener Library comes from the insistence of a small group of people that human lives and dignity not be wasted; that history not be forgotten.
If, today, we have reason to worry about truthfulness and integrity in public discourse, it is worth considering how we accept information as it comes to us; who we question and why. What are the motivations of the innumerable interest groups that compete for our attention? Information is plentiful but truth in effect remains in shadow. It is up to each of us to discern its contours and to come to an honest understanding. Refuse to do anything less and stand in good company.


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- Description
The Miniatures Collection present the most important classics of modern furniture history in miniature in a scale of 1:6. Their construction, materials and colors correspond to the historical Vitra Design Museum collection original, right down to the last detail. Because they are so true to the originals, the miniatures are not only valuable collector's items, but also ideal illustrative material for universities, colleges of designs and architects. The Miniatures Collection is unique worldwide. For each miniature there is a licence agreement with the designer or his heirs. Many designers collaborate with Vitra to develop the miniatures of their own designs and offer their assistance by supplying information on the objects. In return, Vitra honor the designer's copyright by paying royalties.
- Height: 17.4 cm / 6 7/8 inch
- Width: 14.9 cm / 5 7/8 inch
- Depth: 19.3 cm / 7 5/8 inch
- Each miniature is packaged in a wooden box, accompanied by an informational booklet.
- Each of the delicate objects are made by hand; on average, each miniature requires five hours of careful manual work. Ongoing quality control ensures that every miniature corresponds to its larger original in terms of finishing, details and materials.
- Brand
Twenty years ago the Vitra Design Museum in Weil am Rhein began making miniature replicas of the great milestones in furniture design housed in its collection. A summary of the history of industrial furniture design – moving from the historic and art nouveau to the new Bauhaus' radical design, and from postmodernism all the way up until the present day – the collection has grown to include more than 100 pieces. The chairs are all one sixth of the size of the originals. They are all true to scale and replicate the originals right down to the smallest details in construction, material and color.
- Designer
Vitra Miniatures Rocking Chair No. 9 Designed by:
- Michael Thonet , 1882
Michael Thonet
Germany, 1976 - 1871
Michael Thonet was born in Boppard in 1796, the son of a tanner. After serving an apprenticeship in cabinet-making, Michael Thonet established a cabinet-making workshop in Boppard in 1819. Around 1830 Michael Thonet began to experiment with bending battens that had been cut and laminated, thus inventing the Boppard laminated wood chair.
In 1841 Michael Thonet showed his furniture at an exhibition mounted by the Koblenz Art Association, where they caught the eye of Austrian Chancellor Prince Metternich, who invited Michael Thonet to Vienna. Michael Thonet and his five sons then established a furniture-making workshop. They made bentwood furniture.
Since other carpenters began to copy the bentwood process, Michael Thonet marked his chairs on the underside with an impressed stamp. The 1849 Thonet "Sessel Nr. 1" chair made for the garden palace of Prince Schwarzenberg exemplifies a revolutionary, stunningly novel way of making chairs. From 1853 Michael Thonet's workshop was registered as "Gebrüder Thonet" (Thonet Bros.) since he had handed it over to his five sons.
In 1929 a French subsidiary was created, Thonet Frères, which ventured into new territory by making the tubular steel furniture designed by Marcel Breuer, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Le Corbusier.
As a firm, Thonet Bros. has been involved in all the most important developments in modern design and was extremely successful. It survived the upheavals of both world wars although it was dissolved several times. Now Thonet GmbH is based in Frankenberg, North Hesse.


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Is GladWare dishwasher safe? That was the question I had to ask myself last Thanksgiving.
Thanksgiving dinner just ended, were all stuffed, satisfied and ready for a nap except for one person, the host. If you're like me, all I could think about was the disaster of a kitchen that awaited my attention. Most important was the insurmountable mountain of dishes that needed to be done.
With so many dishes you strategically start planning your attack. Big pots and pans will almost always be hand washed, while the smaller containers will find a new life in the dishwasher. The problem I ran into were some GladWare containers that the family had brought over, one plastic and the two other were glass containers. Was GladWare dishwasher safe? I had no clue at the time, since I didn't have the original packaging how would I know?
After a little research I found the answer!
The good news is that GladWare food storage containers are safe for the microwave, freezer and YES the dishwasher. According to the Glad website, GladWare containers are top-rack dishwasher safe.
Here is the official screen shot we pulled from their site to prove it!
Dish Washing Dishware Precautions
Keep in mind that just because a container says it is dishwasher safe does not protect it from over stacking, the lack of common sense or from the high heat of some dish-washing settings.
One of the biggest complaints we see from people who have purchased a dishwasher safe item is that the item seems to be NOT dishwasher safe. They find chips, cracks in the glass containers and even warped plastic containers or lids.
Even with containers labeled as dishwasher safe you will still want to take precautions and follow the manufactures directions! Here are three precautions you can take to reduce your risk of having a dishwasher dish issue:
Precaution 1. Do Not Over Stack
If you are a big family and usually have a lot of dirty dishes, it can be hard not to over stack. I have been caught red handed doing this myself.
This involves layering dishes onto one another or in direct contact. This can be disastrous for glass dishes. While the dishwashing cycle is running, a lot of water force is being impressed upon your dishes, so naturally your dishes will wiggle, move back and forth. If they are too close together, not only will they not clean properly, but you will get chipped, cracked or broken glass containers.
There is a right way and a wrong way to loading a dishwasher.
Precaution 2. Beware Of Knockoffs.
While we would LOVE to answer, is GladWare dishwasher safe with a resounding yes, we are still cautious. We have noticed a rise in counterfeit food storage containers in the past few years, even a few carrying some very popular brand names.
With sites like http://www.alibaba.com/, it is getting easier and easier for anyone to contact a distributor from China, create a product very similar to a popular brand and then resell it on Ebay or Amazon. What happens next is pretty text book, people buy, and things break or melt and the complaints come rolling in.
Always ensure the food container you bought is not a cheap knock off, but is part of the original brand name or franchise.
Precaution 3. Top Rack Only.
This one is more for plastic food containers. Even if you own a glass food container, the lid will most likely still be a form of plastic.
The problem comes from the heat of the drying elements on the bottom of most dishwasher's. It is true we have never had a dishwasher safe plastic container or lid melt, BUT we have had them warp. After a lid or container warps, it is almost useless to use on a food container. That 100% air tight seal is gone, you get leaks and sometimes the lid may not fit at all anymore.
In this article we answered the question, is GladWare dishwasher safe? The answer is YES, as long as it is in the top rack of the dishwasher. Even so, like most other "dishwasher safe" plastic or glass food containers, it is still wise to take precautions.


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Health Cost Solutions inc. has recently established a partnership with the Canadian Federation of Independent Grocers. All the CFIG members can now access the best LTCI solutions at the best costs on the Canadian market.
To learn more about LTCI and CFIG partnership download the CFIG partnership document available in English and French.