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Oasi del Governatore
The Oasi del Governatore apartments is a gorgeous farmhouse surrounded by 60 hectares of centuries-old olive grove, which includes 6 holiday-apartments.
Five of these overlook a beautiful garden, the swimming pool, the open-air showers, the children's play area, a gorgeous relax gazebo with hammocks, the barbecue, the brick oven and the laundry area. The sixth apartment offers a fantastic view of the Ionian Sea.
Our manor has access to the beautiful beach of the Squillace's Gulf, famous for its typical Mediterranean colours, on the Ionian coast of Calabria region, between Catanzaro and Soverato.
A 900 metres nature-immersed path leads to the sea. Crossing the olive grove first and the pine grove later, the path connects the farmhouse to a long golden beach, not reachable from other roots and for this reason never crowded. At the beach, deck chairs and beach umbrellas are available for the Oasi's guests. It is possible to walk, bike or drive to the sea.
It is possible to reach Squillace Lido through the pine grove or through the beach, by walking or using a mountain bike.
The cosy apartments are fully equipped: free wifi, TV, air-conditioning, 2 bathrooms, a fully equipped kitchen and a nice porch overlooking the garden, where it is possible to enjoy the meals or simply rest.
It is possible to taste the sea or Calabrian cuisine in several restaurants located not far from the farmhouse, or just following the wine and food paths.
This area suits very well who loves either culture or sports: water sports, mountain biking and hiking, nature parks, archaeological sites, beautiful little towns and charming landscapes, traditional and modern cultural events.
The structure is opened from beginning of April to the end of October.


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The following information is provided in accordance with the Provision of Services Regulation 2009.
Business name
Hardwicke Chambers
Legal status
Hardwicke is a Trade Protection Association.
Business address and contact details
Hardwicke Building
New Square
Lincoln's Inn
London, WC2A 3SB
We can be contacted by post at the above address; by telephone on +44 (0)20 7242 2523; by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com; or by DX LDE 393.
Our website
Opening hours
Hardwicke is open from 8.30am to 7pm, Monday to Friday.
Hardwicke's VAT number
Hardwicke and its barristers are regulated by the Bar Standards Board (BSB) to provide legal services in England and Wales. The BSB's contact details are:
The Bar Standards Board
289-293 High Holborn
London WC1V 7HZ
+44 (0) 20 7611 1444
Employers' liability insurance
Hardwicke is insured for Employers' Liability for £20m with Chubb European Group Limited/Aspen Risk Management Ltd/Allianz Insurance plc.
Professional indemnity insurance
Every barrister must have professional indemnity insurance and this is provided by the Bar Mutual Indemnity Fund (BMIF) which provides cover to individual barristers up to £2.5m. Members of chambers may choose to take additional top up insurance cover depending on their practice requirements. Details of this additional cover can be supplied upon request.
Terms of business
Members of the public who come to us will be sent our standard contract, which covers what we will do for you and what it will cost.
For private cases being managed through solicitors we use the Bar Council's Standard Contractual Terms for the Supply of Legal Services by Barristers to Authorised Persons 2012 – Annexe T to the Bar Code of Conduct. We accept instructions on the basis of Commercial Bar Association's Standard terms and conditions (Combar A) unless otherwise agreed.
Applicable law
Unless otherwise agreed, the English courts will have exclusive jurisdiction in relation to any claim, dispute or difference concerning our services or any matter arising from it.

subset: commoncrawl


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This tour will take you on a journey through some of Israel's hidden gems, such as the Burma road, biblical Azeka and Sokho overlooking the Ella valley known as the battlefield of David and Goliath, the man made caves of Beit Guvrin and ancient Lachish.
Drive to the Judean Foothills (Shfela) region where we stop at the Harel Lookout, overlooking the famous "Burma Road" constructed during the War of Independence, and instrumental in overcoming the blockade of Jerusalem. In the winter and spring we can enjoy the lush green and multitude of wild flowers of the surrounding scenery.
We continue through the Shfela, passing the archeological site of biblical Beit Shemesh, not far from the modern day city of its name. We proceed to visit Tel Azeka overlooking the Elah Valley, named after the Elah or Turpentine trees that are indigenous to the valley, and site of the historical battle between David and Goliath, with the Philistines encamped at Azekah and the Israelites encamped at Sokho. Today Sokho is renowned for the Blue Lupines that carpet its slopes every March. In season we will be able to enjoy this wondrous sight.
We continue to Beit Guvrin, a national park encompassing the ruins of Maresha, which was one of the important towns of Judah during the time of the First Temple, and which was succeeded by Beit Guvrin as the main town of the region in the Roman era. We will have a view of archeological Maresha and visit the magnificent manmade caves of Beit Guvrin – the columbarium, the Phoenician cave, the Bell Cave and others.
Our last stop on this journey is Tel Lachish, site of an ancient Near East city, now an archaeological site and an Israeli national park. According to the Bible, Lachish was an important city in the Kingdom of Israel, which was first destroyed by the Assyrians, and later by the Babylonians. The Lachish region today is renowned for the longevity of its grapes, which are grown using innovative natural methods, with no genetic engineering. The scenery is filled with vineyards stretching as far as the eye can see.
We recommend to book the tour at least 24 hours in advance.
|Pick up place/Time
|Business Class
Herzeliya Hotels from 07:30
Tel Aviv Hotels from 08:00


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The Swindon Mindful Employer Network announces its third guest speaker for their big 2017 conference which takes place at the Swindon Marriott on Monday 9th October.
Geoff McDonald is a former Global Vice-President of HR for Unilever and recently set up a mental health charity called Minds@Work which hopes to change business attitudes to mental wellbeing at work.
Geoff says of his visit to Swindon in October: "Mental health is talked about in the media and many people are genuinely interested in the subject – particularly in recent years in relation to workplace stress, wellbeing and resourcefulness. I am keen to encourage and support local employers change their workplaces for the better – to help them provide a happy and successful environment for all employees. Leadership is key to this happening and I hope to share my experience and knowledge with delegates at the Swindon Mindful Employer Network. I am pleased to visit the town and look forward to meeting business people and representatives of local employers."
Geoff's background in teaching, HR, marketing, communications and sustainability is considerable. During his 25 years with Unilever (a global corporation with a turnover of £50 billion, 170,000 employees in 90 countries around the world), his experience has been truly global working across Africa Middle-East and Turkey, Australasia and Asia, Europe and the Americas.
Today Geoff is a very much sought after speaker, inspiring and provoking organizations to put purpose and wellbeing at the centre of everything they do. His experience in Unilever, under the pupillage of Paul Polman, allows him to provide very practical insights and speak on how to go about truly embedding purpose and address the taboo associated with wellbeing (particularly mental health) within a large global multi-national Organization. With this experience come some real learning's on what may or may not work.
Melanie Richens, who is voluntary Chair of the Swindon Mindful Employer Network, is excited by Geoff's talk at the conference in October: "Geoff brings a wealth of experience in leadership and wellbeing at work issues. We believe changing attitudes to mental health in the workplace should start with leaders at senior level and Geoff is the right person to provide the right advice and ideas to make this happen. There will be a lot of interest locally in his presentation."
Geoff also supported the Royal Foundation (Prince William, Harry and Kate) in their mental health campaign and activation within the Corporate sector. He was recently appointed as a Trustee of Family Links, a Charity promoting and educating parents and teachers to develop emotionally healthy children and young adults.
Geoff joins other conference speakers including Olympic gold medallist Doctor David Hemery CBE and Professor Sir Cary Cooper.
This Swindon network is funded by Public Health at Swindon Borough Council.
Places for this event are available for representatives of employers in the Swindon and surrounding area only. Booking is essential.
For more information about this event please contact: email@example.com


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My Favourite ______ Blog Train "Colour Scheme"
WOW August all ready.
This month's Blog Train is a bit different,
we had a colour palette to start from then create our own theme.
I chose a Summer theme as that is my favourite season.
Here are all the other stops
Creations by Lindy: http://
creationsbylindy.blogspot.co.uk / you are here
Touched By A Butterfly: http://
Dea's Designs: http://
Don't forget we are all on different time zones
so check in during the day if the designer has not got their part up yet.


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Wi-Fi Extender boosts signal to hard-to-wire, dead zone areas.
Press Release Summary:
Placed between main router and area where additional Wi-Fi coverage is needed, TL-WA850RE expands Wi-Fi coverage of existing network. Setup is facilitated by built-in range extender button, and 5-tier LED signal strength indicator helps find best possible location for deployment. Compatible with all 802.11 b/g/n wireless devices and Windows 8 OS, 300 Mbps universal Wireless N extender can concurrently boost coverage while also functioning as Wi-Fi adapter through built-in Ethernet port.
Original Press Release:
TP-LINK 300Mbps Universal WiFi Range Extender Lets Users Expand Their Wireless Boundaries
Boost Your Signal to Dead Zones or Hard-to-Wire Areas
CITY OF INDUSTRY, Calif. -- TP-LINK, a global provider of networking products, today announced a new solution to resolve wireless dead zones in your home or office. The TL-WA850RE 300Mbps Universal Wireless N Range Extender expands the WiFi coverage of your existing network by up to 40 percent.
The device's miniature size and AC plug wall-mounted design makes it easy to deploy around your home or office. Placing the Universal Range Extender between your main router and the area where additional WiFi coverage is needed will yield the best results.
Setup is facilitated by the built-in range extender button, quickly pairing the Range Extender with your main router after simultaneously pressing its WPS button. Login credentials are retained internally after setup, allowing users to relocate as needed to generate ideal coverage.
The TL-WA850RE is currently the only wall-mounted Universal Range Extender with a five-tier LED signal strength indicator. This feature makes it easy to find the best possible location for deployment.
Users can position the Range Extender to concurrently extend their coverage while functioning as a WiFi adapter through the built-in Ethernet port, providing network access to TVs, game consoles, Blu-ray players, and other Ethernet-enabled devices. No configuration, beyond the initial setup process, is needed to take advantage of this function.
300Mbps Universal WiFi Range Extender TL-WA850RE Highlights:
Boosts wireless signal to previously unreachable or hard-to-wire areas
Miniature size and wall-mounted design make it easy to deploy
Easily expand wireless coverage at a push of Range Extender button
Compatible with all 802.11 b/g/n wireless devices.
Compatible with the latest Windows 8 operating system
Added value: Concurrent Range Extension and WiFi Adapter functionality
The TL-WA850RE Range Extender has a MSRP of $39.99 and is available from various retail and online locations. For more information see: http://www.tp-link.us/products/details/?model=TL-WA850RE#over
About TP-LINK
TP-LINK is a global provider of SOHO and SMB networking products and the world's No.1 provider of WLAN and broadband CPE devices, with products available in over 120 countries to tens of millions customers. Committed to intensive R&D, efficient production and strict quality management, TP-LINK continues to provide award-winning networking products in Wireless, ADSL, Routers, Switches, IP Cameras, Powerline Adapters, Print Servers, Media Converters and Network Adapters for Global end-users.
For further information visit www.tp-link.com, follow TP-LINK on Facebook at www.facebook.com/TPLINK, Twitter at www.twitter.com/TPLINK or the TP-LINK Forum at http://forum.tp-link.com.
Read more news from TP Link.
Media Contact:
Len Fernandes
1-888-317-4687 ext. 702


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Las Vegas
300 S. 4th Street
Suite 1550
Las Vegas, NV 89101
J.D., Southwestern Law School, 2005
B.A., cum laude, University of California, Los Angeles, 2000
Mountain States Super Lawyers (2014-2015, Law & Politics)
Brian Walters is senior counsel in the Las Vegas office of Gordon & Rees. Mr. Walters is a member of the Construction and Professional Liability Defense practice groups.
Mr. Walters' practice focuses on the representation of businesses in a broad range of matters including complex business litigation, construction defect and design claims, premises liability, mechanics lien and bond claims and general contract and business disputes. Mr. Walters has experience defending preference actions in bankruptcy court, enforcement of employment contracts and prosecution of state trademark infringement claims. Mr. Walters also assists clients in licensure and complaint proceedings before the Nevada State Contractor's Board. He regularly consults with clients to address pre-litigation matters, strategies to avoid liability exposure and general business issues.
Mr. Walters has successfully represented a wide variety of clientele, including engineering firms, architectural firms, construction companies, project developers, sureties, municipalities, medical device manufacturers, luxury car manufacturers, international technology companies, hospitals, shopping centers, home owners' associations, property management companies and numerous small business ventures.
Clark County Bar Association
Representative Experience
Mechanic's Liens in Nevada: Tricks of the Trade to Get Paid, Las Vegas, May 4, 2011
Las Vegas
(702) 577-9339
Senior Counsel


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Details: The new special featuring Olive Gardens Stuffed Pastas for the first time gives you unlimited pasta, homemade sauces, pasta toppings, soup or salad and breadsticks. Olive Garden Coupons or Promo codes January 2019. Sign up or Login to permanently save your favorite stores in your account. Olive Garden on Instagram: Olive Garden 's Instagram page is where to go when you want to see mouth-watering pictures of Olive Garden's most tasty entrees placed in different settings.
In fact, as of 2012, approximately 45 of the sales generated for Darden were generated by Olive Garden restaurants alone. Scroll to the bottom of the page to enter your email address. How to make sure your Olive Garden coupon works for you. In this video, Olive Garden chef Chris Black explains the traditional Italian technique for making scaloppini and educates viewers on how to make the perfect pasta at home. Get coupon code 4 off, promo Code 4 Off 2 Entrees Or 2 Off 1 With Code Save 4 on two entrees, or 2 off one entree with this Olive Garden coupon code. The Peruvian Olive Garden restaurant is known as the "Olive Italian Restaurant" rather than the "Olive Garden" like all the other restaurants. This coupon expired on 06/27/2015 CST. Expired 12/01/18 Get Coupon Code sales offers 1 Used Today In-Store Only! Enjoy comforting favorites such as lasagna classico, fettuccine alfredo, grilled sausage and peppers, and shrimp primavera. Olive Garden offers an assortment of beverages including wine, beer and cocktails, as well as soft drinks, coffee and tea. Cannot be combined with other coupons. Sometimes however, we are updating our system with new offers or the restaurant doesnt have any ongoing promotions and so you may not see current deals.
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text: Diagnostic value of thyroglobulin assay in cervical lymph node fine-needle aspirations for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancerGiovanella, Lucaa,b; Bongiovanni, Massimoc; Trimboli, PierpaolodCurrent Opinion in Oncology: January 2013 - Volume 25 - Issue 1 - p 6–13 doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e32835a9ab1 ENDOCRINE TUMORS: Edited by Julie Ann Sosa Free Abstract Author InformationAuthors Article OutlineOutline Article MetricsMetrics Purpose of review Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) have generally an indolent behavior. However, in a minority of these patients cervical metastasis at diagnosis or recurrence during follow-up may occur. Then, in suspicious neck lymph nodes fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is warranted. Thyroglobulin measurement in needle washout fluids (FNA-Tg) since its first description has been reported to increase the diagnostic accuracy of cytology in neck lymph nodes suspicious for metastatic DTC. Recent findings Recent literature suggests that FNA-Tg can substitute conventional cytology and, in turn, simplifies clinical management of DTC patients. However, because of the large difference between these clinical studies, the data are sparse. Thus, neither procedures nor assay method for FNA-Tg have been standardized. Summary FNA-Tg measurement is the more accurate tool to detect neck recurrences and metastases from DTC. Providing strict standardization of preanalytical and analytical phase, FNA-Tg may suffice to confirm or exclude neck DTC recurrence in patients with concurrent well differentiated papillary cancer type, suspicious neck ultrasound findings and increased serum thyroglobulin after thyroidectomy. On the contrary, FNA-Tg accuracy increases by adding cytological examination when FNA is performed before thyroidectomy, in patients with more aggressive histological types, and if low-undetectable serum thyroglobulin and/or positive serum antithyroglobulin antibodies occur. aDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Centre, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland bDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona cInstitute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland dSection of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ospedale Israelitico di Roma, Rome, Italy Correspondence to PD Dr med Luca Giovanella, MD, PhD, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Centre, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Ospedale 12 CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Tel: +41 91 811 8672; fax: +41 91 811 8250; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract INTRODUCTION SERUM MARKERS AND IMAGING FEATURES FOR CERVICAL RECURRENCES... Serum thyroglobulin Ultrasonography FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY THYROGLOBULIN MEASUREMENT IN NEEDLE WASHOUT Circulating serum antithyroglobulin antibodies interference PREPARING THE SAMPLE AND ASSESSING CUTOFF VALUES CONCLUSION Acknowledgements Conflicts of interest REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING REFERENCES Back to Top | Article Outline INTRODUCTION The differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) originating from the follicular cells are represented by the papillary-type cancers (PTCs), being the most common (70–80%) out of all thyroid malignancies, and the follicular-type cancers (FTCs) [1]. These cancers have generally indolent behavior with low morbidity and mortality. The initial treatment for both PTC and FTC is made by (near) total thyroidectomy, with or without cervical lymph node (CLN) dissection, and 131I. The latter depends on the histological stratification [2,3]. After treatment, to replace the thyroid function and to suppress a further growth of any DTC cells, patients are placed on thyroid hormone therapy (i.e. levothyroxine, LT4) [2,3]. Despite the above-mentioned excellent prognosis, a minority of these patients shows recurrence (or multiple recurrence long-term). Thus, patients with DTC could benefit from regular follow-up throughout their life [2,3]. Even if PTC and FTC derive from the same progenitor (i.e. the thyroid follicular cell), they follow different ways of dissemination. In fact, PTC disseminates via the lymphatic apparatus with metastasis to the regional lymph nodes; FTC metastasizes through the hematogenic way to distant organs, such as lung or bone [4–7]. The involvement of central neck lymph nodes (VI level, see Fig. 1) is more common, and lateral compartments are involved frequently when VI level is affected by more nodal metastases. FIGURE 1 Box 1 During follow-up, serum markers (thyroglobulin) and imaging workup (neck ultrasonography; whole body scan, WBS) are used to identify persistence or recurrence of disease. The thyroglobulin measurement is nowadays the yard-stick for clinical management of patients with DTC, in the absence of antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) [8]. Cervical recurrences may be clinically detected, but now are most often discovered on neck ultrasonography [9]; WBS with radioactive iodine and/or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) are performed when distant metastases are expected [10]. In case of suspicious ultrasonography findings, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is generally required to cytologically confirm or exclude recurrence [11]. However, FNA sample may be inadequate or even false-negative, especially in lymph nodes with small metastases or partial involvement or cystic changes [12]. To improve the diagnostic yield of FNA, several authors have proposed measurement of thyroglobulin in aspirates (FNA-Tg), particularly in the cases involving small, partially cystic, lymph nodes [13–21]. Unfortunately, differences in sample treatments, thyroglobulin assays and reference values make difficult the comparison between different series. As a consequence, guidelines for the method and codified reference values are claimed to routinely use this technique in clinical practice. Back to Top | Article Outline SERUM MARKERS AND IMAGING FEATURES FOR CERVICAL RECURRENCES OF THYROID CANCER DTC recurrence within the neck is usually detected by serum thyroglobulin determination combined with physical examination and neck ultrasonography [2]. Serum thyroglobulin is a pivotal tool to follow-up patients with DTC after surgical and radioiodine ablation of cancerous and all noncancerous thyroid cells. Back to Top | Article Outline Serum thyroglobulin Currently, serum thyroglobulin measurement during thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation is recommended to confirm complete thyroid ablation and monitor for the recurrence or persistence of DTC. Undetectable stimulated thyroglobulin values obtained at 6–12 months after treatment predicts complete remission of the disease and a very low risk of further recurrences (i.e. 0.5–1%) [2,3]. More recently, undetectable thyroglobulin during LT4 treatment was proved as a sufficient evidence to avoid TSH stimulation if highly sensitive assays are employed [22,23▪▪]. It has to be mentioned that several analytical (i.e. positive TgAb, heterophile antibodies, hook effect) or preanalytical (e.g. freezing or repeated freezing and thawing of sera, hemolysis or lipemia, preanalytical use of different serum separating tubes) conditions may affect the serum thyroglobulin determination. Back to Top | Article Outline Ultrasonography The neck ultrasound examination is useful in both palpable and nonpalpable nodes. In 2003, Pacini et al.[24] evaluated a series of 340 consecutive DTC patients and demonstrated for the first time that ultrasonography as a single test had higher accuracy than WBS in imaging locoregional recurrences. In particular, neck ultrasonography combined with serum (basal and/or stimulated) thyroglobulin identified patients requiring treatment with no necessity of WBS. This approach was confirmed in other studies [16,25] and is recommended by current guidelines [2,3]. Normally, a lymph node manifests at ultrasonography as solid hypoechoic, with oval-elongated shape, and well recognizable hilus (note: the size should be highly variable) (Fig. 2a). Conversely, loss of the hilar architecture, round shape, cystic change, hyperechoic punctuations (i.e. calcifications) and irregular-chaotic vascularization should be considered as suspicious for DTC metastasis (Fig. 2b–d). However, each of such suspicious characteristics reaches high sensitivity only when combined. Several articles evaluated ultrasonography parameters in detecting neck metastases from DTC and the hilus absence is reported as the highest sensitive one but with very low specificity [9,26,27]. Because of the lack of negative cases in these studies, ultrasonography specificity is not well set to date. In fact, a few prospective articles analyzed that this issue exists. In 2007, Leboulleux et al.[28] prospectively evaluated diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography parameters in a series of 28 benign and 28 malignant lymph nodes undergoing surgery. The most specific (100%) criteria were presence of cystic areas and hyperechoic punctuations. Of these, sensitivity was less than 60% and they are not reliable as a single criterion [28]. Because of these significant limits of ultrasonography in detecting malignant lymph nodes, American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines recommend cautious observation and serial neck ultrasonography in those patients with small abnormal cervical lymph nodes [3]. Small thyroid bed nodules are a commonly reported sonographic finding. Recently, Rondeau et al.[29▪▪] reported a retrospective study on 191 patients with at least one small (mean size 5 mm) thyroid bed lesion. Based on the data from this study and according to ATA guidelines [3], also these lesions should be followed-up by serial ultrasonography. FIGURE 2 Back to Top | Article Outline FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY Enlarged cervical lymph nodes or nodules in the thyroid bed can be observed in inflammatory process or in case of metastatic disease. In the first situation, the FNA specimens contain lymphocytes with tingible bodies and macrophages (chronic inflammation) (Fig. 3), mixture of lymphocytes and granulocytes (acute inflammation), mixture of lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells (granulomatous inflammation), or variable amount of necrosis (i.e. abscess and/or tubercolosis). In the second situation, epithelial cells with clear nuclei, nuclear pseudoinclusions and/or grooves, irregular nuclear membrane and arranged in papillary or follicular structures are seen interspersed with lymphoid cells (Fig. 4). Of note, it is common to get a large amount of densely packed lymphocytes when aspiring a lymph node. In such cases, it is difficult to see single metastatic cells and to recognize the typical nuclear features of PTC. Particularly tricking can be the presence of necrosis and/or necrotic debris suggesting a dedifferentiated and aggressive metastasis. Cytological outcome reports of lymph nodes specifically for the search of thyroid cancer metastases are detailed in Table 1. Generally, FNA achieves high sensitivity and specificity when combined with ultrasonography in detecting metastatic PTC. However, nondiagnostic specimens have been described in up to 10–20% of cases, mainly due to small size of the lesion or cystic changes [30,31]. In particular, the latter is not rarely reported, and the samples obtained from these lesions can lack epithelial cells, being recorded only fluid with scattered macrophages or hemosiderophages. Thus, malignant or benign diagnosis cannot be achieved, and nondiagnostic diagnosis should be preferred instead of negative report. Finally, in case of enlarged lymph node due to an extra thyroidal malignancy with suspicious ultrasonography features, the morphology alone sometimes is not discriminating between a thyroid and extra-thyroid process. In such cases of doubt concerning the origin of the neoplastic cells we perform thyroglobulin immunostaining or thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1 immunostaining directly on the smears, on the liquid-based preparation or on the cell block (note: remember that TTF-1 is also expressed by lung adenocarcinomas, but in that case thyroglobulin immunostain is negative). FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 Table 1 Back to Top | Article Outline THYROGLOBULIN MEASUREMENT IN NEEDLE WASHOUT To improve the diagnostic yield of FNA several authors have proposed measurement of thyroglobulin in aspirates (FNA-Tg). The measurement of thyroglobulin in the needle washout after aspiration was first proposed in 1992 by Pacini et al.[13]. There, sensitivity was reported 100% for FNA-Tg and 85% for cytology and no FNA-Tg false-positive results were observed in postoperative patients. After, Frasoldati et al.[15] analyzed 69 lymph nodes recording 84% sensitivity and 95% specificity for FNA-Tg, and in a following article by the same authors on 51 patients the combination of FNA-cytology and FNA-Tg approached to 95% sensitivity [16]. Cunha and co-workers [17] evaluated 83 enlarged cervical lymph nodes from 67 patients affected by DTC: the FNA-Tg had a sensitivity of 100% while cytology alone missed nine of 20 metastases. Subsequently, many studies reported an increased sensitivity of FNA-Tg, especially to the diagnosis of poor cellular material obtained from cystic or small lymph nodes. A total of 256 samples from 145 patients were evaluated for FNA-Tg and compared with corresponding cytological smear and histology of 46 surgical specimens by Sigstad et al.[19]. The FNA-Tg reached 100% sensitivity and performed better than cytology in cystic or very small lesions. Although the above articles investigated the cutoff limit for FNA-Tg in detecting metastasis, a higher serum/FNA-Tg ratio was proposed by Uruno et al.[18]. One hundred twenty-nine lymph nodes were evaluated and similar sensitivity between FNA-Tg (81.4%) and cytology (78%) was found [18]. Altogether, 36.4% of cases judged benign and 37.5% of cases judged inadequate by cytology were positive by FNA-Tg measurement and metastases were confirmed histologically. Back to Top | Article Outline Circulating serum antithyroglobulin antibodies interference Whether circulating TgAb should affect the FNA-Tg is still a matter to debate. An article by Boi et al.[32] analyzed the issue reporting that FNA-Tg measurement was proved to be unaffected by positive serum TgAb. More precisely, lower FNA-Tg concentrations were found in FNA washout fluids containing TgAb than those TgAb free. The presence of TgAb in washout fluids could be due to blood contamination or even to active intra-nodal TgAb synthesis [33]. The interference of such TgAb on FNA-Tg measurement, however, does not affect the clinical performance of the test (i.e. the FNA-Tg levels were in any case well detectable) [32]. The most probable explanation is that the exceedingly elevated thyroglobulin concentration in positive FNA-Tg is able to saturate TgAb binding sites. More recently, Cappelli et al.[34▪] challenged this assumption by reporting on two patients with lymph node metastases from PTC and detectable serum TgAb. Lymph nodes FNA was performed both before and after recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) stimulation and detectable FNA-Tg levels were found only after rhTSH stimulation in both patients. The authors proposed that high TgAb concentrations in metastatic lymph nodes may prevent the detection of thyroglobulin in FNA washout fluids. They also suggest that the thyroglobulin excess induced by rhTSH stimulation may 'saturate' all TgAb binding sites explaining why thyroglobulin was only detectable after rhTSH stimulation in their patients. However, the accuracy of lymph nodes sampling was not definitely confirmed, FNA samples were not examined by a cytopathologist and a first generation thyroglobulin assay was used by these authors. As a consequence their anecdotal conclusions cannot support the 'rhTSH-stimulated FNA-Tg measurement' in daily clinical practice [35]. Back to Top | Article Outline PREPARING THE SAMPLE AND ASSESSING CUTOFF VALUES All in all, it is well demonstrated that the presence of thyroglobulin in the needle washouts is even more sensitive than cytology in diagnosing DTC relapse in lymph nodes and neck masses [15–21,31,32]. However, when looking at different studies two main methodological problems are obvious. Firstly, different FNA procedures and sample preparation protocols were applied by different clinicians. Apart from differences in FNA techniques (i.e. aspiration versus capillarity), different dilution volumes and washing solutions were used; however, few data exist on the preanalytical phase of FNA-Tg measurement. At Oncology Institute of Bellinzona, we evaluated 156 lesions from 108 patients with suspicion of DTC recurrence at neck ultrasonography examination. Following collection of cytology samples the needles were washed by 1 ml of normal saline. Washes aliquots were randomly collected into three different tubes (i.e. plain serum tube, serum separator tube and lithium-heparin tube). A strong relationship was found between FNA-Tg values measured on different tubes. However, the FNA-Tg was significantly higher in plain tubes as compared to serum separator or lithium–heparin ones, respectively (P < 0.001). Of more importance, the FNA-Tg measurement in plain serum tubes and serum separator tubes was positive in all patients with proved DTC recurrences (sensitivity 100%) whereas false-negative results occurred in two patients by lithium–heparin tubes (sensitivity 98%). As a consequence, we proved that the preanalytical phase may introduce significant variability in FNA-Tg measurement and negatively impact its diagnostic accuracy. Practically, FNA-Tg bias should be reduced by using a fixed dilution fluids volume and plain tubes [36]. Also, different technical problems should be considered when thyroglobulin is measured in biological fluids. Intermethod variability requires to perform thyroglobulin measurements with the same method and, optimally, in the same laboratory [8]. The hook effect appears to result when a massive excess of antigen exhaust the binding capacity of the thyroglobulin capture antibody on the solid-phase support. This leads to reporting of inappropriately normal or low serum thyroglobulin values in samples with very high thyroglobulin concentrations, that frequently occurs in FNA washout fluids [37]. Samples dilution or batching must be used to detect hook effect before reporting the thyroglobulin concentration, especially if low or undetectable FNA-Tg values are found in the original sample. Second, significant differences in serum thyroglobulin measurement are obtained in different thyroglobulin assays. The international collaborative studies showed that serum thyroglobulin values vary as much as 40–60% between methods. The introduction and use of international reference standard (CRM 457) significantly reduces (to about 30%) but does not eliminate intermethod variability [37]. The current between-method biases could still produce a magnitude in thyroglobulin changes exceeding the within-person variability of serum thyroglobulin concentrations (10–15%). The large variability between different thyroglobulin assays is one of the causes of the wide variety of FNA-Tg cutoff values proposed by different authors. In prior studies, the mean thyroglobulin and 1 or 2 SDs, FNA-Tg more than serum thyroglobulin or different fixed thyroglobulin values have been reported as threshold values that differentiate nonmetastatic from metastatic lymph nodes in a wide range from 0.9 to 50 ng/ml [13–21,29▪▪]. In addition, thyroglobulin also can be detected in FNA washout fluid from even nonmetastatic lymph nodes in the presence of a thyroid gland. However, only few articles addressed differences between athyrotic patients and those DTC patients awaiting thyroid surgery. A substantial overlap of FNA-Tg results was proved in the latter group and thyroglobulin levels as high as 88.8 ng/ml were reported in benign lymph nodes from DTC patients awaiting surgery [18,21]. Accordingly, Boi et al.[32] adopted a different FNA-Tg cutoff depending on the presence (i.e. cutoff 36 ng/ml) or the absence (i.e. cutoff 1.7 ng/ml) of the thyroid gland [32]. In apparent contrast, Bournaud et al.[38] and Salmashoglu et al.[39] found a unique threshold of 0.93 ng/punction (ng/p) and 28.5 ng/ml, respectively, give high sensitivity and specificity, even in nonthyroidectomized patients. However, among 114 and 225 consecutive patients with thyroid cancer they evaluated 13 (11%) and 80 (35%) patients prior to thyroidectomy, respectively. Even if we cannot directly compare such studies, due to differences in thyroglobulin assays and samples treatment, a significant increase in FNA-Tg cutoff values was observed when more nonthyroidectomized patients were enrolled. All in all, the accuracy of the FNA-Tg measurement seems to be superior in patients previously treated by total thyroidectomy compared with those awaiting thyroid surgery [40,41] and, consequently, we suggest to combine cytology and thyroglobulin measurement when lymph node FNA is performed before thyroidectomy. Interestingly, recent studies showed that a cutoff level of 1 ng/ml, as obtained by sensitive thyroglobulin assays, provides high sensitivity in DTC patients previously treated by thyroidectomy. Snozek and colleagues [42▪▪] measured thyroglobulin in 122 FNA samples from 88 athyrotic DTC patients, by employing a high-sensitive immunochemiluminometric assay (functional sensitivity 0.1 ng/ml). Fifty of 52 nonmalignant samples (96.2%) had thyroglobulin 1 ng/ml or less, whereas all 70 malignant FNA had thyroglobulin greater than 1 ng/ml. By using a different high sensitive immunoradiometric thyroglobulin assay (functional sensitivity 0.2 ng/ml) and adopting the receiver operating characteristic curve-derived cutoff of 1.1 ng/ml, we obtained 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy [43]. Back to Top | Article Outline CONCLUSION FNA-Tg measurement is the more accurate tool to detect neck recurrences and cervical metastases from DTC. Providing strict standardization of preanalytical and analytical phase (Table 2) FNA-Tg may suffice to confirm or exclude neck DTC recurrence in patients with concurrent well differentiated PTC, suspicious neck ultrasound findings and increased serum thyroglobulin after thyroidectomy. Using a sensitive thyroglobulin assay, a cutoff level of 1 ng/ml provides high sensitivity in patients previously treated by thyroidectomy. However, FNA-Tg accuracy increases by adding cytological exam when FNA is performed before thyroidectomy, in patients with more aggressive histological types, and if low serum thyroglobulin and/or positive serum TgAb occur. Table 2 Back to Top | Article Outline Acknowledgements None. Back to Top | Article Outline Conflicts of interest There is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported. This research did not receive any specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sector. Financial disclosures: none. Funding resources: none. Back to Top | Article Outline REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING Papers of particular interest, published within the annual period of review, have been highlighted as: ▪ of special interest ▪▪ of outstanding interest Additional references related to this topic can also be found in the Current World Literature section in this issue (pp. 99–100).Back to Top | Article Outline REFERENCES 1. Weber T, Schilling T, Buchler MW. Thyroid carcinoma. Curr Opin Oncol 2006; 18:30–35. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed 2. Schlumberger M, Berg G, Cohen O, et al. Follow-up of low-risk patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a European perspective. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 150:105–112. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 3. Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2009; 19:1167–1214. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 4. Grebe SK, Hay ID. Thyroid cancer nodal metastases: biologic significance and therapeutic considerations. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 1996; 5:43–63. Cited Here... | PubMed 5. Scheumann GF, Gimm O, Wegener G, et al. Prognostic significance and surgical management of locoregional lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancer. World J Surg 1994; 18:559–568. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 6. Ruegemer JJ, Hat ID, Bergstralh EJ, et al. Distant metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of prognostic variables. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67:501–508. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 7. Haq M, Harmer C. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma with distant metastases at presentation: prognostic factors and outcome. Clin Endocrinol 2005; 63:87–93. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 8. Grebe SKG. Diagnosis and management of thyroid carcinoma: a focus on serum thyroglobulin. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2009; 4:25–43. Cited Here... 9. Frasoldati A, Valcavi R. Challenges in neck ultrasonography: lymphadenopathy and parathyroid glands. Endocr Pract 2004; 10:261–268. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 10. Giovanella L, Ceriani L, De Palma D, et al. Relationship between serum thyroglobulin and 18FDG-PET/CT in 131I-negative differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Head Neck 2012; 34:626–631. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 11. Frasoldati A, Valcavi R. Challenges in neck ultrasonography: lymphadenopathy and parathyroid glands. Endocr Pract 2004; 10:261–268. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 12. Hall TL, Laiyfield LJ, Philippe A, et al. Sources of diagnostic errors in fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid. Cancer 1989; 63:718–725. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 13. Pacini F, Fugazzola I, Lippi F, et al. Detection of thyroglobulin in the needle aspirates of nonthyroidal neck masses: a clue to the diagnosis of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 74:1401–1404. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 14. Lee MJ, Ross DS, Mueller PR, et al. Fine-needle biopsy of cervical lymph nodes in patients with thyroid cancer: a prospective comparison of cytopathologic and tissue marker analysis. Radiology 1993; 187:851–854. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 15. Frasoldati A, Toschi E, Zini M, et al. Role of thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of cervical lymph nodes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 1999; 9:105–111. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 16. Frasoldati A, Pesenti M, Gallo M, et al. Diagnosis of neck recurrences in patients with differential thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 2003; 97:90–96. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 17. Cunha N, Rodrigues F, Curado F, et al. Thyroglobulin detection in fine-needle aspirates of cervical lymph nodes: a technique for the diagnosis of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 157:101–107. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 18. Uruno T, Miyauchi A, Shimizu K, et al. Usefulness of thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. World J Surg 2005; 29:483–485. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 19. Sigstad E, Heilo A, Paus E, et al. The usefulness of detecting thyroglobulin in fine-needle aspirates from patients with neck lesions using a sensitive thyroglobulin assay. Diagn Cytopathol 2007; 35:761–767. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 20. Baskin HJ. Detection of recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma by thyroglobulin assessment in the needle washout after fine-needle aspiration of suspicious lymph nodes. Thyroid 2004; 14:959–963. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 21. Kim MJ, Kim EK, Kim BM, et al. Thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspirate washouts: the criteria for neck node dissection for patients with thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol 2009; 70:145–151. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed 22. Smallridge RC, Meek SE, Morgan MA, et al. Monitoring thyroglobulin in a sensitive immunoassay has comparable sensitivity to recombinant human tsh-stimulated thyroglobulin in follow-up of thyroid cancer patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:82–87. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 23▪▪. Chindris AM, Diehl NN, Crook JE, et al. Undetectable sensitive serum thyroglobulin (<0.1 ng/ml) in 163 patients with follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer: results of rhTSH stimulation and neck ultrasonography and long-term biochemical and clinical follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012. Cited Here... This article confirmed, in a long-term follow-up period, that undetectable thyroglobulin in a sensitive assay may rule-out rhTSH-stimulation. 24. Pacini F, Molinaro E, Castagna MG, et al. Recombinant human thyrotropin-stimulated serum thyroglobulin combined with neck ultrasonography has the highest sensitivity in monitoring differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:3668–3673. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 25. Torlontano M, Attard M, Crocetti U, et al. Follow-up of low risk patients with papillary thyroid cancer: role of neck ultrasonography in detecting lymph node metastases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:3402–3407. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 26. Kuna SK, Bracic I, Tesic V, et al. Ultrasonographic differentiation of benign from malignant neck lymphadenopathy in thyroid cancer. J Ultrasound Med 2006; 25:1531–1537. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 27. Kessler A, Rappaport Y, Blank A, et al. Cystic appearance of cervical lymph nodes is characteristic of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Ultrasound 2003; 31:21–25. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 28. Leboulleux S, Girard E, Rose M, et al. Ultrasound criteria of malignancy for cervical lymph nodes in patients followed up for differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:3590–3594. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 29▪▪. Rondeau G, Fish S, Hann LE, et al. Ultrasonographically detected small thyroid bed nodules identified after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer seldom show clinically significant structural progression. Thyroid 2011; 21:845–853. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef This article showed that most thyroid bed nodules after thyroidectomy actually are not thyroid cancer recurrences. 30. Orija IB, Hamrahian AH, Reddy SS. Management of nondiagnostic thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy: survey of endocrinologists. Endocr Pract 2004; 10:317–323. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 31. Cignarelli M, Ambrosi A, Marino A, et al. Diagnostic utility of thyroglobulin detection in fine-needle aspiration of cervical cystic metastatic lymph nodes from papillary thyroid cancer with negative cytology. Thyroid 2003; 13:1163–1167. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 32. Boi F, Baghino G, Atzeni F, et al. The diagnostic value for differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastases of thyroglobulin (Tg) measurement in washout fluid from fine-needle aspiration biopsy of neck lymph nodes is mantained in the presence of circulating anti-Tg antibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:1364–1369. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 33. Weetman AP, McGregor AM, Wheeler MH, et al. Extrathyroidal sites of autoantibody synthesis in Graves' disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1984; 56:330–336. Cited Here... | PubMed 34▪. Cappelli G, Pirola I, De Martino E, et al. Thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsy of metastatic lymph nodes after rhTSH stimulation. Head Neck 2011 doi: 10.1002/hed.21796. Cited Here... This article firstly described increased FNA-Tg after rhTSH stimulation. 35. Giovanella L. Lymph nodes thyroglobulin measurement after rhTSH stimulation. Head Neck 2012 doi: 10.1002/hed.22927. Cited Here... 36. Giovanella L, Ceriani L, Suriano S, et al. Thyroglobulin measurement on fine-needle washout fluids: Influence of sample collection methods. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37:42–44. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed 37. Giovanella L. High-sensitive thyroglobulin measurements in differentiated thyroid carcinoma management. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:1067–1073. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed 38. Bournaud C, Charriè A, Nozieres C, et al. Thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspirates of lymph nodes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a simple definition of the threshold value, with emphasis on potential pitfalls of the method. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:1171–1177. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed 39. Salmashoglu A, Erbil Y, Citlak G, et al. Diagnostic value of thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsy for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in patients with papillary carcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2011; 396:77–81. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 40. Kim DW, Jeon SJ, Kim CG. Usefulness of thyroglobulin measurement in needle washouts of fine-needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid cancer before thyroidectomy. Endocrine 2012 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9636-9. Cited Here... 41. Sohn YM, Kim MJ, Kim EK, et al. Diagnostic performance of thyroglobulin value in indeterminate range in fine needle aspiration washout fluid from lymph nodes of thyroid cancer. Yonsei Med J 2012; 53:126–131. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 42▪▪. Snozek CL, Chambers EP, Reading CC, et al. Serum thyroglobulin, high resolution ultrasound, and lymph node thyroglobulin in diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma nodal metastases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:4278–4281. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef This article showed that an FNA-Tg value more than 1 ng/ml is highly accurate in patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinomas and performs better than conventional cytology. 43. Giovanella L, Ceriani L, Suriano S. Lymph node thyroglobulin measurement in diagnosis of neck metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Thyr Res 2011; 2011 ID 621839 doi:10.4061/2011/621839. Cited Here... Keywords:cytology; differentiated thyroid carcinoma; fine-needle aspiration; lymph nodes; thyroglobulin © 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. Article Outline Abstract INTRODUCTION SERUM MARKERS AND IMAGING FEATURES FOR CERVICAL R... Serum thyroglobulin Ultrasonography FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY THYROGLOBULIN MEASUREMENT IN NEEDLE WASHOUT Circulating serum antithyroglobulin antibodies in... PREPARING THE SAMPLE AND ASSESSING CUTOFF VALUES CONCLUSION Acknowledgements Conflicts of interest REFERENCES AND RECOMMENDED READING REFERENCES Source Diagnostic value of thyroglobulin assay in cervical lymph node fine-needle aspirations for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer Current Opinion in Oncology25(1):6-13, January 2013. Full-Size Email + Favorites Export View in Gallery Email to Colleague Colleague's E-mail is Invalid Your Name: (optional) Your Email: Colleague's Email: Separate multiple e-mails with a (;). Message: Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Current Opinion in Oncology. Send a copy to your email Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague. Some error has occurred while processing your request. Please try after some time. Email to Colleague Colleague's E-mail is Invalid Your Name: (optional) Your Email: Colleague's Email: Separate multiple e-mails with a (;). 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Linking Data and Publications: the Chemistry Way Simon Coles School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, U.K. firstname.lastname@example.com CLADDIER workshop Chilworth, Southampton 15 th May 2007 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Licence Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
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Tattoo Removal Machine
You may be wondering what a Tattoo removal machine actually is. Well first of all there isn't just one type of tattoo removal machine. When someone says this they could be referring to a few different machines. I am going to tell you about the most famous ones here.
The most common Laser used is the Q switch machine. Q switch simply is referring to the physics behind how this laser works. I am not going to go into that but simply this machine works by using certain wavelengths to target the skin and break up the ink.
This ink is then removed from the body by your own immune system. It does successfully remove a tattoo but takes between 10-20 treatments to do so. The treatments need to be spread out with a gap of about 6-8 weeks to allow your skin to fully heal.
You may have heard of different types of Q switch machines. This is true, there are particular machines which are better at targeting certain coloured ink because they emit a different sort of wavelength. The newest Q switch machine can target all coloured ink but actually is not as powerful as the more targeted, older Q switch machines.
So depending on your tattoo it is still best to use an earlier machine which will directly target one of the colours in your tattoo. You would just need to check out what is best for you with a professional.
The most recent tattoo removal machine is called the PicoSure machine. It is in advance of all the Q switch machines. The PicoSure machine uses a different technology to the Q switch machine but it still breaks the ink up into tiny particles to be absorbed into the blood stream and removed from your body.
The PicoSure machine is more targeted and so is better at leaving the surrounding tissue untouched. The great news also is that it requires far less treatments, sometimes as little as 3-5 and the gap between treatments is also less at 4-6 weeks.
So there you have the common tattoo removal machines.
To find out further information about Pulse Light Clinic's tattoo removal prices, please visit this page.


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Listen to music selections of the choir from concerts from over the years and from our CD of Christmas music.
(All selections are in the MP3 format.)
[Hi] = play the music over a high-speed (such as cable or DSL) connection
[Lo] = play the music over a low-speed (such as modem) connection
[Download] = download a high-quality copy of the song


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If you've paid any attention to 'the news' in the past several months, there is a theme that repeats almost every week, sometimes every day, in one or another form. The target(s), though, is/are constant. Donald Trump/members of the First Family is/are the target(s) du jour.
Some days the onslaught is more a broadside while other days it is more insidious, but the constant is that anything and everything Trump is the target. Another constant is that these shots are fired from anywhere in a 360-degree circle; political party seems to make no difference. In fact, some of the worst shots originate from the Republicans to the glee of the Dems. How fortuitous to have your opposition do your dirty work.
This onslaught knows no civilities. Anyone and anything 'Trump' is fair game. The more insidious, the more vicious, the better. This is anything but an intellectual attack. This is visceral and ugly. Name-calling runs rampant as if the White House and the floor of Congress are nothing more than a lowlife playground beside some decrepit schoolhouse in the inner city. The antagonists ought to be ashamed, but that seems something that is not possible in the nation's capitol. The President is an active participant, unfortunately, but understandably.
The 'bomb-throwers' change from day-to-day and even from hour-to-hour. But the target remains anything Trump. He invaded their neat little 535 member club and he will not be forgiven for having done so. He is as much the disrupter in politics as he has been in his development world.
Of course, this plays very nicely in the mainstream media. Notice that the bomb-throwers are extolled in the mainstream press. This, obviously, provides the grist for the media mill that runs 24 hours/day.
One can reflect on the Obama era where the kid gloves were always worn and nothing resembling this anti-Trump press warfare was anywhere to be seen. Obama's excrement had no odor it seems and still doesn't. His two terms were a relative "walk-in-the-park" by comparison to this first year of the Trump Presidency.
Am I suggesting a concerted attack on Trump is underway? Absolutely. He is disliked immensely by both the Democrats and the media. His own party, that would be the Republican Party, whether it likes being so-labeled or not, is a somewhat willing participant by action or by non-action as the case might be. It is, to my mind, unimaginable to think of the Democrat Party acting in such a manner without regard to whom the Democrat might be. This just would not be happening. The press wouldn't be driving it either.
In the meantime, President Trump is trying to govern. He has proposed a new 70-point plan that, if given due consideration, would help greatly in the battle over illegal immigrants' children being permitted residency by virtue of birthplace. It would provide for funding of The Wall. It would curb federal grants to 'sanctuary cities' and it would enable the restricting of the flow of gang members into the U.S.
All that gets lost in the daily din from the press and Trump's opponents (some of whom are in the Republican Party). And that is among the reasons for the constant shots at Trump.
Good things would be happening far more quickly if Congress and the press could get their collective acts together, forget, or at least suppress, their visceral hatred for the President, and work for "We the People" as is our Constitutional expectation. Even as we reflect on the Obama years, there was never this level of hatred of the man that got in the way of meaningful and healthy legislation. There was a functioning Congress. There was a press observing what ought to be observed without being obstructionist.
President Trump was elected in spite of what Hillary Clinton thinks. The Electoral College did its job in spite of what Hillary Clinton thinks. We The People decided that we wanted President Trump and that did not come with a dysfunctional Congress aided and abetted by the mainstream media.
A word to Republicans: Get your crap together and begin to do the job we sent you to Washington to do. And, for those of you who are still smarting from Trump's victory, get over it. We put Trump in office intentionally. This wasn't an accident. We want changes made and we want them made in this term. The fallout for ignoring our votes will not be pretty. We are tired of sliding down the Democrat's slippery slope.
I am an experienced ghostwriter seeking additional writing assignments. Business blogs are familiar turf. Writings of all kinds will be considered. AP Stylebook observed as desired. Your inquiries are welcome and I will be happy to provide samples at no cost for your review. Simply send an email to email@example.com and we'll both see where that leads.


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Golden Bridge Pottery
Golden Bridge Pottery, or GBP, run by Deborah Smith and Ray Meeker, is a stoneware production pottery making beautiful handcrafted glazed stoneware, since 1971. . Since the early 1980s Ray has also been teaching small batches of students all the processes and skills needed to pursue a career in handcrafted clay ware. Kaveri joined this course as Ray's student in 1996, and continued there till November 1997.
The 7 month course at GBP, was a total immersion in all aspects of clay work, from the preparing and mixing of the clay body, to glazing and firing the ware. Students are given ample time to practice on beautiful wooden kick wheels. Ray puts students through a series of exercises in making particular functional shapes, through which they learn different skills required to make functional pots on the wheel. The aim of the course is to make students self-critical and give them all the basic skills needed to move forward on their own, to pursue careers in clay.
In 1999, Ray offered Kaveri a job as his assistant for a year, helping in his studio as well as teaching the students when he was away.
GBP, Ray, and Deborah have been, and continue to be a very large influence in Kaveri's life.


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Vyjayanthi V. Rao. The rise of mega-cities across both the developed and the developingworld coincides with the dominance of speculative, finance capital as the principlemode of capital accumulation. Yet there is a distinction between the mega-cities of thedeveloped world and those of the developing world. The difference hinges on thetheorization of the "slum" as the material artifact and articulator of relations of power,political force, economic processes, and contemporary engagements with nature.In both cases, the slum becomes shorthand for working through histories of speculationor the different ways in which abstract, digital capital flows are shaping contemporarycities' landscapes and cultures.
In this lecture Vyjayanthi V. Rao explores the ethnographic possibilities revealed by the slum as a unit of analysis through which to demonstrate the contingency of contemporary capitalist experiences of social relations, markets, and political arrangements across different locations. In the spirit of Eric Wolf's call for visualizing societies "in their mutual interrelationships and interdependencies in space and time," she takes the slum as a point of departure and a unit of analysis arising from a mode of production dominated by finance capitalism. In other words, she reads it as marked by "lines of tension, contradiction and fracture" and exposed to the "pressures generated in the larger fields of interaction" that surround it, as Wolf puts in his 1997 preface to "Europe and the People Without History." Rao's view of the slum as theory parallels Eric Wolf's focus on the movement of commodities and labor in earlier periods of capitalist expansion. Tracing these histories alongside the emergence of the slum as a major analytic and ethnographic artifact of globalization theory, Rao returns to one of Wolf's key insights that "more ethnography [and history] is required precisely because we cannot know the answers on theoretical grounds alone" and explore its further possibilities. Vyjayanthi V. Rao is Assistant Professorof Anthropology at the New School for Social Research, NewYork. She works on cities after globalization, specifically on the intersections of urban planning, design art, violence, and speculation in the articulation of the contemporary global city. She is the author of numerous articles on these topics and is completing a book manuscript titled "The Speculative City."
VERANSTALUNGSORT: Aula Universitätscampus AAKHUniversität WienAlserstraße 2, Hof 11090 Wien Die Diskussion zum Vortrag mit Vyjayanthi V. Rao findet am Folgetag, 22. November 2011, statt.Zeit: 16:00 – 18:00 UhrOrt: IFK Eine Kooperation des IFK mit dem Institut für Sozialanthropologie (ISA) der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und dem Institut für Kultur- und Sozialanthropologie der Universität Wien.


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Telling your partner you live with a mental illness
If you meet someone, when is the right time to disclose your illness? We asked mental health campaigner Ellie about when she first tackles that tricky conversation.Read more Read more
Today marks one year since I last self-harmed
Our great friend and all-round great guy, Carl Burkitt, tells us about his experience of self-harm and how he learned to treat himself with compassion and understanding.Read more Read more
Being sectioned at 18: Degrading and life-saving
What were you doing when you were 17 about to turn 18? Partying? Smoking and drinking? Working? Starting a family? Looking round university? Gap year? I was sectioned under the mental health act.Read more Read more


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EXPRESS Start™ Breakfast
The real breakfast of champions? The kind that's complimentary and waiting for you every morning. We've got a whole buffet full of offerings ready to help kick start your day.
We're big on the little things. Like Wi-Fi, coffee and tea, and all the in-room conveniences that make you feel right at home, even when you're away.
Power up while you power down. Bedside outlets, a plush duvet, your pick of pillows, and a quiet place to settle in means you'll get some solid shut-eye.
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Welcome to the all-new Holiday Inn Express & Suites Livonia Hotel. The Holiday Inn Express & Suites Livonia offers a superb location, just minutes from the cities of Plymouth, Northville, Novi, and Farmington Hills and only 12 miles from Detroit Metro Airport. Located in the upscale city of Livonia, MI just off of Interstate 96 and Schoolcraft Rd.The staff is eager to exceed your expectations. Our hotel features over-sized guest rooms and suites luxuriously complimented by triple sheeted pillow topped mattresses, rich furnishings and all of the amenities that you have come to expect. These are the hallmarks of our special blend of service that perfectly balance business with pleasure. With convenient access to several major expressways, the Livonia Holiday Inn Express and Suites provides quick access to many major companies such as Ford Livonia Transmission, Tower Automotive, Magna, TRW Automotive, Johnson Controls, Yazaki NA Headquarters, Delta, and ZF Automotive. Detroit is the proud home of the NAIAS, Detroit Red Wings, Detroit Lions, Detroit Pistons, Detroit Tigers and we are a centrally located hotel for all sporting venues. If you are looking for a hotel, the Holiday Inn Express and Suites Livonia is easily accessible for any one of our many downtown attractions.During your stay with us, you will enjoy the conveniences of our complimentary Express Start hot breakfast bar, free Wi-Fi service, and heated indoor swimming pool.
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Guest Rooms
Room Features
- Black-out Shades
- Rollaway Bed/Cot Available
- Iron/Ironing Board
- Separate Hanging Closet
- In-Room Heating and A/C Controls
Bathroom/Personal Care
- Private Bathroom
- Bathroom Amenities Available
- Hair Dryer
- Bathtub
- Separate/Walk-in Shower
- Separate Vanity Area
In-Room Features
- Mini Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Coffee Maker
- Tea Maker
- Flat-screen TV
- Work Desk with Lamp
- Desk-level Electrical Outlet
- Cable/Satellite
- Premium Channels
- Stereo/Radio
Added Value
- Connecting Rooms Available
- Oversized Bath Towels
- Complimentary Coffee/Tea Supplies
Eat & Drink
Eat & Drink
- Full Breakfast Included
- Breakfast Buffet Included
- Continental Breakfast Included
- Complimentary Coffee in Lobby
- Kids Eat Free
- Off-site Restaurant Delivery Available
Business Services
- 1 Meeting Room(s) Available
- On-Site Business Center
- Printer
- Copier
- Scanner
- Office supplies available
Internet Access
- Free High-Speed Internet in all Rooms
- Wireless Internet service is free for all IHG® Rewards Club members
Entertainment & Recreation
- Indoor Pool
- Heated Indoor Pool
- Indoor Pool Hours of Operation: 6:00 AM - 10:00 PM
Swimming pool is ADA accessible with lift.
Health & Fitness
Complimentary Fitness Center
3 treadmills, 2 Ellipticals, and 1 Bike. Dumbbells up to 50 lbs, yoga mats, resistance bands, and foam rollers.
Hours of Operation: 6:00 AM to 12:00 AM
Fitness Center Type: EXTENSIVE
Fitness Center Equipment:
- Elliptical Machines
- Free Weights
- Stationary Bicycle
- Treadmill
Last Renovation of Fitness Center Equipment: 2017
Added Value
- Storage Space Available
- Ice Machine
Hotel Details
27451 Schoolcraft Road
Livonia, Michigan 48150
United States
Check In: 3:00 PM
Check Out: 11:00 AM
Check-in Age: 21
Parking + -
- Complimentary Self Parking Available
Accessibility + -
- Public Entrance
- Guest Rooms
- Elevators
- Public Restrooms
- Registration Desk
- Exercise Facility
- Business Center
- Pool
- Number of Accessible Meeting Rooms: 1
Accessible Hotel Areas
- Registration Area
- Accessible Guest Rooms
- Business Center
- Meeting Room
- Exercise Facility
- Pool
Hotel Areas with Accessible Routes from Accessible Public Entrance
- Accessible Self Parking
- Van Accessible Self Parking
- Ramp Access
- Portable Bathtub Seats
- Closed Caption TVs
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Guest Rooms
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Public Spaces
Provided by Hotel
Pet Policy + -
- Service Animals Allowed
- Pets are not allowed, unless it is a Guide Dog or Service Animals which are allowed. A cleaning fee of USD 200 will be assessed for the discovery of an unauthorized pet.
Facility + -
- Smoke-Free Facility
- Number of Floors: 4
- Total Number of Rooms: 100
- Number of Suites: 26
- Number of Non-Smoking Rooms: 100
- Number of Accessible Rooms: 4
- Connecting Rooms Available
- Public Spaces Renovated in: 2017
Credit Cards + -
- American Express
- Visa
- MasterCard
- Diners Club
- Carte Blanche
- Discover


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Generations of family carried on the name: Louis, his son Alfred, and then three grandsons, Pierre, Jacque and Louis Francois II. Expanding the business, insisting on quality and reliability, the brand spread world wide and became a leader in watch manufacturing. The family store was located on the Rue de la Paix in 1899, and then as the brand grew they opened stores in London, New York, Moscow. Buy Cartier watches. In 1917 the company started stamping a four digit code on the underside and collectors require this in order to recognize the brand. Worn by royalty, celebrities, and affluent clients, the company success continues still today. The movements in the watches for sale today use Swiss companies like Movado, Piguet, and many others. Still a exquisite blend of boldness and elegance, the jewelry collections of the company are enhanced by the spectacular dials, and esteemed curves.
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Inspired by beauty, elegant in the simplicity, Cartier watches features reliable quartz mechanisms and a watch for almost everyone at a price that fits almost every pocket. One of the most famous Cartier watches for sale in the collections is the Tank watch that was crafted in 1917. Aesthetically spectacular, the Tank has inspired numerous other variations but the company has preserved the original soul of the design. Technological advances continued for the brand through the years sparking innovative designs, and challenging all other watch Cartier makers to meet those same expectations. An artistic genius, Louis created an empire that has endured the test of time, with precision, and perfection. Created in gold, or stainless steel, and meticulous hand crafting, every Cartier watch manufactured for the brand is a reflection of the prestigious style. Produced with the highest standards and timeless designs you can buy Cartier watches for everyone, finding a perfect choice.
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By pursuing your navigation on this site, you use the use of cookies to the realization of statistics of visits. Learn more Got it!
Sale Property Aups (83630)
UNDER OFFER: Authentic country house with park
UNDER OFFER. Authentic country house with park
This house, whose oldest part dates back to the XVIe century, was owned by the Seigneurs de Blacas. The house measures 290 m² and stands almost in the center of Aups, in a walled park of 13,000 m².
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Reference PR1-214
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How The Stereotypical Millennial Is Going To Impact The Growth Of Your Practice
The dental landscape is changing. Are you keeping up? While eating a burrito yesterday at a hipster taco joint, I overheard a very interesting conversation. The lady beside me (let's call her Samantha), who I'm guessing was in her late twenties, was complaining to a friend that she had to buy a single transit ticket for $2.75 instead of the month pass for $125 so she...Read More


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I began making custom motorcycle seats 20 years ago -- my first one was for my 1986 K75.
I had purchased one of the more advertised brand name custom motorcycle seat for my 1983 800 RT but I had to ship it back to California as it did not fit me -- even though I drove down there and they measured me up.
I got so disgusted that I began making my own. I did not worry too much about it because I grew up with a trade that required shaping and moulding various materials from their raw state.
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The key is that the rider's butt has five contacts from the custom seat -- in this way the rider's weight is more evenly distributed to different sectors of the seat, and hence, the rider can last all day riding without getting a sore butt.
I usually ask that the rider spends the good part of a day in my workshop for, as the seat progresses, I get the rider to do about three test rides to make sure that there no pressure points that should not be there.
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I know which one to go to here in Kamloops. Since I made my first seat, I have made at least 15 more. Right now I have requests to make two custom seats for two F650 GS. The one fellow, from Calgary, will be going on a world tour with his wife in two months time -- I met him at last year's get-together at Nakusp.
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Home Cooking Made Easy p202
This fridge cake is a no-cook treat that takes about 20 minutes to make and then 2 hours to set in the fridge. Lorraine would make good use of that 2 hours to do some serious posing around the kitchen. Leaning on the worktop, pouting and chatting on your mobile could use up at least half an hour, leaving you an hour and a half to fill in your own creative ways!
First off – equipment. Lorraine suggests a 20cm square brownie tin. Ah yes, the brownie tin. That's the one underneath the flapjack dish, next to my cheesecake tin, just on top of the ever-useful carrot cake tin. Lorraine only has 10 pieces of essential kit, but clearly the brownie tin was on the runners up list.
Basically, you need a tin which is quite deep, but small. I'm not sure I really have anything appropriate. I used a swiss roll tin, but it was too shallow. I used Lorraine's tip of lining the tin with excess paper on either side, so it's really easy to lift out once it's done.
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Girls 'hack' for a better Barbados
Girls and young women in Barbados joined others across the Caribbean in a hackathon.
As the discussion grows about the negative use of technology, the University of the West Indies (UWI) Cave Hill Campus was the place to see young women using these tools for good.
This as Barbados joined the rest of the world in commemorating international Girls in Information Communication Technology (ICT) Day.
This year's celebration took the form of a Caribbean Hackathon, in which young women at UWI's campuses in Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago joined with those in Barbados to develop technological solutions for problems within the society. The girls competed in groups to develop the apps which would help with various social ills and show that women have an essential role to play in Information Communication Technology.
Before that competition began however, they were encouraged by a variety of women in the field, as well as influential females such as Senator Irene Sandiford-Garner, who told them to bravely follow their passions and know that their sex does not determine their future.
Girls in ICT Day 2017
She lamented the lack of data on gender technological use in Barbados, stressing that this made it difficult to create informed policy on the matter - something she is determined to have addressed:
"We must address the need for in-depth research, regarding the participation of women and girls in Information Communication Technology, if we are to have a sustainable and far-reaching outcome from activities like these.
"The paucity of data makes it difficult if not impossible to make the case to government for the inclusion fo gender issues in ICT policies, plans and strategies."
A similar sentiment was shared by Susan Boyea, Vice President and Business Relationship Management for the local Gold Sponsor of the event Sagicor:
She told the participants that "there is nothing which predisposes boys to ICT, in the same way that nothing predisposes girls to cooking.
"ICT is an equal opportunity discipline and so Sagicor is proud to provide support for the Caribbean Hackathon and for the notion that anything boys can do, girls can do too!"
Director of Business Support with regional Platinum Sponsor Scotiabank, Kim Stanton, noted that the event corresponded with the bank's focus on building through the expertise of a diverse group of persons:
"Gender equality is one of the major reasons that Scotiabank is sponsoring this event in Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica. We believe in opportunity for everyone.
"Scotiabank works hard to ensure diversity and inclusion in our workplace - I can attest to that... Diversity across gender, racial and cultural lines makes us a strong organisation."
Noting that Scotiabank supports "youth in education and development wherever our bank operates," she added that they will be partnering in a coding Camp in Barbados this September, as part of their ongoing commitment to technology in the island:
"Our participation in the Hackathon event today is not an isolated event, but rather the beginning of our investment in the future education in technology."
When all the speeches were completed and after a workshop on the topic, it was time for the hackathon, where the girls would compete in groups to develop technological solutions to problems in Barbados.
Gold sponsor of the event Loop News, spoke with one group of four girls ranging from age 13-16.
The students from Queen's College, the Springer Memorial Secondary School and the Deighton Griffith Secondary School, were tasked with creating an app which helps to battle cyberbullying and said that while there were some challenges, they felt empowered by not just creating the app, but by being able to solve real problems in the island.


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Passion Barber is the premium large size barber's scissor. It takes its name from its heritage as a barbering scissor, but the design has been tweaked to appeal to all who seek longer blades. The offset handle provides a comfortable grip, and the finger holes have been custom fit to allow for a quicker response to thumb movements whilst retaining control of the extra long blades. As a result, the scissor feels beautifully weighted and the cut displays all the finesse you would expect from Osaka A5.
Cobalt ATS314
7.0 inch


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Dizziness is a general term used to describe a range of symptoms including vertigo, unsteadiness, lightheadedness, faintness, giddiness and balancing problems. Vertigo refers to the feeling like you are spinning, or that the room is spinning, all while you are indeed standing still. Unsteadiness refers to a sense of imbalance when walking, in other words, you feel unbalanced when walking. Feeling lightheaded means that you feel like you are about to faint.
These disorders, are usually caused by issues related to the inner ear, but can also be the result of conditions relating to the heart, blood, head or brain.
It is extremely important to see a specialist like Mr Ali as soon as you experience any form of dizziness so that the cause of the disorder can be identified. Mr Khalid Ali is a consultant ENT surgeon who has extensive experience in the management of dizziness, vertigo and balance problems. He has completed training in the treatment of dizziness at many UK centres of excellence as well as a fellowship in the USA.


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The company was founded in the spring of 1980.
Our work ranges from new buildings to renovations and extensions. During the years, we have been involved with larger as well as smaller projects in a great variety of segments, such as residantial buildings, offices, health care institutions, educational premises, sports facilities, master planning, restaurants, shops and gyms.
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- Tech Trader Daily
Apple: Piper Sees "Slight" iPhone Growth Despite Shorter Lines
- Order Reprints
- Print Article
The Street is hard at work this morning compiling its best guesses as to how Apple (AAPL) is doing with its retail debut today of the iPhone 7. At a the Apple campus in Cupertino, a line of about 30 people queued up outside the retail location just next to the front entrance.
Piper Jaffray's Gene Munster, who has an Overweight rating on the shares, and a 151 price target, is sticking with his estimate that Apple will have "slight growth" in iPhone units this cycle, despite a much-lower number of people in line this year at the "flagship store" on Fifth Avenue in New York.
We estimate this year's iPhone 7 launch line at Apple's flagship 5th Avenue store in NYC was around 400 people vs 650 for the 6S and 1,880 for the 6. Overall, we view this line number as to be expected for three reasons. First, consumers continue to trend toward pre-ordering new devices to specifically avoid long launch day lines. Second, Apple announced yesterday that all iPhone 7 Plus units and iPhone 7 Jet Black units were sold out from pre-orders. Third, this year's line appeared to have little to no representation from overseas resellers that we have seen in the past (20% of last year's line). Bigger picture, we believe that pre-order commentary from Apple and US carrier partners suggests iPhone 7 demand is strong and we remain comfortable with our thinking for slight growth in the iPhone 7 cycle compared to the iPhone 6 cycle.
Apple stock is down 59 cents, or half a percent, at $114.98.


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KOOBS, William 1897-1981
Posted By: Tammy (email)
Date: 11/18/2016 at 14:20:08
Services Held Monday for William Koobs
William Koobs, age 83, died at 4:05 p.m. Thursday, April 30, 1981 at the Grundy County Memorial Hospital.
Funeral services were held Monday, May 4, 1981 at 1:30 p.m. at the First Baptist Church in Grundy Center with the Rev. Theodore Ertle officiating. Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Strickler sang "In The Sweet By and By" and "In the Garden." They were accompanied by Mrs. David Perry who also played selected numbers of the prelude and postlude.
Grandsons of Mr. Koobs served as casketbearers, Douglas Sietsema, Kendall Strehle, Timothy Grimsley, Gail Koobs, Gene Grimsley, Keith Koobs, Richard Koobs, Mark Grimsley and Louis Hartke, Jr. Ushers were Marvin Steinmeyer and Harvey Mackie. Mrs. Harold E. Wilson and Mrs. Dale Bee were in charge of floral arrangements. Those who drove cars were Dale Bee, Wayne Ralston, Floyd Rouse, Harold Wilson, Joe D. Ross, and Bruce Brockway. Burial was in Fairview Cemetery, Grundy Center.
Relatives were invited to return to the church following the committal services for a period of Christian fellowship and refreshments.
William was born on December 26, 1897 at Grundy Center, Iowa, the son of Wilhelm and Anna Moorhaus Koobs. He attended the Grundy Center schools and served in WWI from 1917 to 1918. He was united in marriage to Clarice Hasbrouck on October 25, 1923. They were engaged in farming near Cedar Falls and moved to a farm near Grundy Center in 1929, where he started his prominent Brown Swiss dairy heard. He was organizer and president of the Grundy County Artificial Breeders' Association and served as president of the Grundy County Dairy Herd Improvement Association, he served as Grundy County Weed Commissioner, Past President of the Iowa State Weed Commissioners Association, and worked for ASC as a fieldman.
Following the death of his first wife, who passed away on November 18, 1968, he was married to Edna Gunnarson on March 25, 1970. He was a Charter Member of the Grundy Center Legion Post #349, member of the First Baptist Church, served as a Deacon, and was active in the Grundy County Farm Bureau.
He is survived by his wife, Edna; three sons, Claire of Grundy Center, Roger of Wayzata, Minn., and Jack, of Raleigh, North Carolina; three daughters, Mrs. Lester (Patti) Wood of Arlington, VA, Mrs. Phil (Margaret) Strehle of Clinton, IA, and Mrs. Leonard (Alice) Grimsley of Harlan, IA; one step-daughter, Mrs. Louis (Junice) Hartke of Grundy Center; 22 grandchildren, 15 great-grandchildren, 9 step-grandchildren, and 18 step-great-grandchildren.
He was preceded in death by his parents, first wife, one son, one daughter, two granddaughters, ten sisters and one brother.
The Engelkes-Abels Funeral Home was in charge of arrangements.
--The Grundy Register (Grundy Center, Iowa), 7 May 1981, pg 3
Grundy Obituaries maintained by Tammy D. Mount.
WebBBS 4.33 Genealogy Modification Package by WebJourneymen


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Many experts believe that the St. Louis Rams with former Eagles Steve Spagnuolo have actually outdone the Eagles themselves in free agency.
This haul of free agents and coaches includes record-setting offensive coordinator and former Broncos head coach Josh McDaniels, explosive third-down back Jerrious Norwood, former Eagles SS Quentin Mikell, CB Al Harris in amazing shape, DT Dan Muir, WR Mike Sims-Walker, and LBs Zac Diles and Brady Poppinga. And today, Cadillac Williams signed with them (St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
Raheem discussed what he meant to the Buccaneers family, finishing by saying "Me and Cadillac, personally, again man, it's the business. Those things happen. But again, you move on and you embrace this new battle."
It was nice to see him to catch the game-winning touchdown against the Rams after being demoted for LeGarrette Blount. Bucs fans will miss his heart and dedication. Earnest Graham's chances of making this roster may have just gone up.