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B46 (New York City bus)
The B46 bus route constitutes a public transit corridor in Brooklyn, New York City, United States. The route runs primarily along Utica Avenue north from the Kings Plaza shopping center through Eastern Brooklyn, with continued service west along Broadway to the Williamsburg Bridge Plaza Bus Terminal. The corridor was originally served by a streetcar line, known as the Utica and Reid Avenues Line, Utica−Reid Line,[2] Reid−Utica Line,[8] Reid Avenue Line,[9] or Utica Avenue Line[10] until 1951, when the line was replaced by bus service. The bus route is operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations under the New York City Transit brand.
|Utica Avenue Line
Two Kings Plaza-bound B46 SBS buses at Flatlands Avenue in 2018.
|MTA Regional Bus Operations
|New York City Transit Authority
|Flatbush Depot
|B46 SBS: Select Bus Service
|Began service
|1800s (trolley line)
March 18, 1951 (bus service)
1994 (Limited-Stop service)
July 3, 2016 (B46 SBS)[1]
|Williamsburg Bridge Plaza Bus Terminal (full route; local service only)
Bedford–Stuyvesant – DeKalb Avenue / Kosciuszko Street station (SBS terminus; short runs)
Crown Heights – Eastern Parkway / Utica Avenue station (rush hour short runs)
|Broadway, Malcolm X Boulevard, Utica Avenue
|Flatlands – Avenue H and Utica Avenue (short runs)
Mill Basin / Marine Park – Kings Plaza / Flatbush Avenue & Avenue U (full route)
|7.17 miles (11.54 km) (trolley)[2]
7.9 miles (12.7 km) (local bus route)[1][3][4]
6 miles (9.7 km) (SBS bus route)[4]
|24 hours (B46 local)[note 1][5][6]
|Annual patronage
|13,483,536 (2017)[7]
The B46 consistently ranks among the top five busiest routes in New York City, and is the busiest in Brooklyn, serving 50,000 riders daily.[1][11][12][13] Because of this, in 2009 the route was selected for conversion into bus rapid transit under Phase II of the city's Select Bus Service (SBS) program,[14][15][16] implemented on July 3, 2016.[1][17] The B46 was also notorious for high incidence of crime and fare evasion; in 2014 the magazine The New Yorker declared the route "the most dangerous bus route in the city".[18] However, there have been no cases of crime on the route since 2014.
Route description and serviceEdit
Streetcar routeEdit
The Utica−Reid streetcar line began at Avenue N and Utica Avenue in Flatlands, just north of the Flatbush Trolley Depot. It ran north along Utica Avenue to the street's terminus at Fulton Street. It then ran north along Reid Avenue to Broadway, and west along Broadway to the Washington Plaza trolley terminal at the foot of the Williamsburg Bridge. The trackage along Broadway was shared with the Broadway Line.[2][10] The line had previously continued over the Williamsburg Bridge between 1904 and 1923 and during the 1930s, using the southernmost trolley tracks, to the Essex Street terminal in the Lower East Side of Manhattan.[19][20][21][22]
Current bus serviceEdit
The current B46 route begins at the bus terminal of the Kings Plaza shopping center at Flatbush Avenue and Avenue U, on the border of the Mill Basin and Marine Park neighborhoods. After running a short distance on Flatbush Avenue, it turns north onto Utica Avenue, following the trolley route along Utica Avenue, the former Reid Avenue (renamed Malcolm X Boulevard in 1985),[23][24][25] and Broadway (underneath the BMT Jamaica Line). The segment on Broadway is shared with the B47. The route terminates at the Williamsburg Bridge Plaza Bus Terminal, which replaced the trolley terminal.[4][5][18][26][27][28]
During most hours of the day, seven days a week, the B46 employs limited-stop service along Malcolm X Boulevard, Utica Avenue, and Flatbush Avenue between DeKalb Avenue and Malcolm X Boulevard (near the Kosciuszko Street station of the BMT Jamaica Line), and Kings Plaza, via the B46 Select Bus Service route. The B46 SBS operates between DeKalb Avenue and Kings Plaza only, while the B46 local continues to Williamsburg, making all stops along Broadway. Avenue H, and the Crown Heights – Utica Avenue station at Eastern Parkway serve as short-turn terminals for B46 local service, while some B46 SBS buses begin or end service at Avenue N, just north of the Flatbush Bus Depot. The B46 SBS does not operate during early morning and late night hours; during this time, the B46 local covers the entire route between Williamsburg and Kings Plaza.[4][5][5][6][27][28][29]
Prior to SBS implementation in 2016, the service pattern was reversed, in which B46 limited-stop buses would continue to Williamsburg, while B46 local buses terminated at DeKalb Avenue or Eastern Parkway at their northern end, with many buses from both services terminating at Avenue H at their southern end.[4][5][27][28]
The B46 operates out of the Flatbush Bus Depot, which replaced the trolley depot, near Kings Plaza.[26]
Fare evasion and safety issuesEdit
The B46 has been known for various safety issues, including assaults on and harassment of bus drivers and passengers, correlated with high rates of fare evasion (passengers not paying or refusing to pay fare). The route runs through several high-crime neighborhoods, including Flatlands, East Flatbush, Crown Heights, and Bedford–Stuyvesant.[18][26][30][31] In 2008, it was estimated that there were 4,000 weekly incidents of fare evasion on the B46. The route was also among 10 services that constituted 22% of fare evasion in the city.[32] In 2014, the MTA ranked the B46 route as the "most dangerous and crime-ridden bus route" in terms of fare evasion and on-bus assaults;[31] in the previous year, there were 41 incidents in which drivers of B46 buses were assaulted or harassed.[18]
Select Bus Service stopsEdit
Street traveled
|DeKalb Avenue
Malcolm X Boulevard
|Northbound terminus, Southbound station
NYC Bus: Q24, B38, B46 local to Williamsburg Bridge Plaza, B47
|Gates Avenue
Malcolm X Boulevard
NYC Bus: B46 local, B52
|Halsey Street
Malcolm X Boulevard
NYC Bus: B26, B46 local
|Fulton Street / Malcolm X Boulevard
|NYC Bus: B25, B46 local.
NYC Subway: A C trains at Utica Avenue
|Fulton Street / Utica Avenue
|Eastern Parkway
Utica Avenue
NYC Bus: B14, B17, B45 (at St. Johns Place), B46 local
|Empire Boulevard
Utica Avenue
NYC Bus: B12, B17, B46 local
|Winthrop Street
Utica Avenue
NYC Bus: B46 local
|Church Avenue
Utica Avenue
NYC Bus: B35, B46 local
|Avenue D
Utica Avenue
NYC Bus: B8, B46 local
|Avenue H
Utica Avenue
MTA Bus: B103, BM2
|Flatlands Avenue
Utica Avenue
|MTA Bus: BM1
NYC Bus: B46 local, B82 local, B82 SBS
|Avenue K
Utica Avenue
|Avenue N
Utica Avenue
|Kings Plaza Mall
Flatbush Avenue & Avenue U
|Southbound terminus, Northbound station
The Reid Avenue Line was originally a horse trolley line operated by the Broadway Railroad, running between Broadway Ferry in Williamsburg and Atlantic Avenue just south of Fulton Street.[9] In 1893, the Broadway Railroad was purchased by the Long Island Traction Company, and the line began operations under the subsidiary Brooklyn, Queens County and Suburban Railroad in November of that year.[33][34] The line was electrified on December 9, 1894.[35] On July 1, 1898, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) acquired the route.[36]
In May 1900, the Reid Avenue Line was extended south along Utica Avenue to the neighborhood of Rugby (now East Flatbush), in conjunction with housing construction in the neighborhood. During the summer months of 1900, the line terminated at the Holy Cross Cemetery, west of Utica Avenue and south of Church Avenue. On October 15, the line was truncated to Utica Avenue and Church Avenue.[37][38][39][40] Trolley service continued along the Church Avenue Line and Culver Line to Coney Island.[37][41] After the Williamsburg Bridge opened in 1903, Reid Avenue trolleys began running across the south side of the bridge to Manhattan on November 6, 1904. The line used the trolley terminal at Essex Street at the Manhattan foot of the bridge.[19][20][42] On June 1, 1910, the Utica Avenue Line was inaugurated as a shuttle between Church Avenue and Avenue N, connecting with the Flatbush Avenue Line to Bergen Beach. An additional fare was charged for transfer to the Reid Avenue Line.[37][41][43][44] At the time, the town of Flatlands was largely rural farms, and most passengers on the shuttle line were beachgoers.[44]
On December 1, 1923, service on the Reid Avenue Line and all other now-Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) lines over the Williamsburg Bridge ended, due to decreasing profits and a dispute with the city over tolls. Reid Avenue service was truncated to Washington Plaza, and bridge service was replaced with municipal shuttle service.[20][21][45] On February 15, 1931, Reid Avenue cars once again began running to Manhattan after municipal shuttle service ended.[21][22][45] On July 1, 1937, the Reid and Utica lines were combined into a single-fare service called the "Utica−Reid Line".[46]
Bus replacementEdit
Around this time, many streetcar lines in Brooklyn and the rest of the city began to be replaced by buses, particularly after the unification of the city's three primary transit companies (including the BMT) under municipal operations in June 1940.[47][48] By 1949, the Utica line was one of eleven remaining streetcar routes in Brooklyn.[49] On January 11, 1951, the New York City Board of Estimate voted unanimously to motorize nearly all the remaining trolley lines in the city, including the Utica−Reid Line.[2][50] On March 18, 1951, the Utica−Reid Line was replaced by bus service, designated "B-46".[2][51]
Kings Plaza was opened in September 1970,[52] and the B46 was extended south to the new mall around that time.[53][54] In the 1980s during summer months, the B46 as well as the B9 were extended south of Kings Plaza across the Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge to the Rockaway peninsula in Queens to serve Jacob Riis Park, with a federal subsidy funding the extension.[55][56]
By 1994, service decreased by 21% since the late 1980s as ridership decreased due to competition from illegal van services, but as enforcement was increased in summer 1993, ridership increased by 20%. An aggressive marketing program and the implementation of limited-stop service on the B46 were put into place to better compete with the vans. Limited-stop service was expected to save 6–8 minutes per trip. Limited-stop service was funded as part of the 1994 Fare Deal/Ridership Growth Initiative. To further take back ridership, the Fare Demonstration Program was introduced to the route, making the round trip bus fare $1.50 instead of $2.50, and the round trip intermodal fare $4 instead of $5. Northbound and southbound riders boarding prior to the stop at Eastern Parkway would receive a return ticket for their return trip from the subway stop. Limited-stop service, began on September 12, 1994,[57] running between 6 a.m. and 9:30 a.m. and 3 p.m. and 8 p.m.. Limited-stop service made all stops north of DeKalb Avenue and south of Avenue H.[58] Saturday limited-stop service was added on September 10, 1995,[59][60] operating between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m..[61]
On December 1, 2008, bus driver Edwin Thomas, who was operating a B46 Limited bus that day, was fatally stabbed by a passenger who did not pay his fare and, as a result, was refused a transfer. It was the first time a New York City bus operator had been killed on the job since an incident on the B44 in 1981, where another bus driver was fatally shot, also because the driver had refused to give the passenger a transfer.[18][26][62] The incident led to the strict enforcement of the MTA policy not to confront fare evaders,[18][26][30] and installation of Plexiglas partitions on many city buses to protect bus operators; previously drivers were only protected by a single metal bar.[26][30] The pilot program for the bus partitions began at the Flatbush Depot, where the B46 is dispatched from, in 2009.[63][64][65] The same year as Thomas's stabbing, the MTA and New York City Police Department (NYPD) began deploying teams of police officers as well as squads of uniformed and plainclothes transit security officials (called EAGLE teams) on the B46 and other target routes to crack down on fare evaders, in the spirit of the broken windows theory.[30][32] On February 26, 2014, an NYPD officer was shot in the legs by a fare evader after pulling him off a B46 bus.[18][30][62]
Select Bus ServiceEdit
In 2004, the Malcolm X Boulevard-Utica Avenue corridor was one of 8 Brooklyn bus corridors studied under the city's bus rapid transit (BRT) study.[66] In 2009, the B46 was included in a list of potential routes for the second phase of Select Bus Service (SBS), the city's brand of BRT service.[1][14][15] The B46 was identified due to high ridership, isolation from subway service, and slow travel speeds caused by traffic congestion.[1][14][15] Under the plan, the then-current local/limited service pattern would be reversed. The B46 Limited would become the B46 SBS, running between Kings Plaza and DeKalb Avenue only. The B46 Local would cover the Broadway portion of the route at all times, due to lower ridership on this section of the line. Limited-stop service would be instituted on the southern portion of the line between Kings Plaza and Avenue H, with local buses covering the stops on this portion of the route.[1][4][27][28] Unlike most other SBS services, the service uses standard-length 40-foot (12 m) buses instead of 60-foot (18 m) articulated buses.[14][15][27][28]
Preliminary studies and community outreach began in 2011,[1] with around 25 community meetings taking place.[4][67] In 2014, the first dedicated bus lanes were installed on Utica Avenue between St. Johns Place and Church Avenue, offset from the sidewalk curb.[1][4][27][28] In May 2015, the MTA and DOT announced plans to implement the B46 SBS in the fall of that year.[4] In the summer of that year, the bus lanes were extended south to Fillmore Avenue.[68] The implementation was pushed back, however, with two other SBS routes (M86, Q44) going into service during this time. The B46 Select Bus Service was later announced to begin in spring 2016, then to summer 2016,[1][17][68][69] finally beginning service on July 3, 2016.[1][67] Initially, the B46 SBS ran with shorter 40-foot-long (12 m) buses, unlike most other Select Bus Service routes, which used longer 60-foot-long (18 m) articulated buses. In late 2019, the MTA indicated that it would start using articulated buses on the route by January 2020 to increase passenger capacity.[70]:353
See alsoEdit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Utica Avenue Select Bus Service". NYC.gov.
- ^ a b c d e "Public Notices". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 5, 1951. p. 13. Retrieved January 18, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Playing the B46 Lotto: Will the Bus Show Up?". July 25, 1990. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Transit & Bus Committee Meeting May 2015" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e MTA Regional Bus Operations. "B46 bus schedule" (PDF).
- ^ a b MTA Regional Bus Operations. "B46 SBS bus schedule" (PDF).
- ^ "Facts and Figures". mta.info. August 28, 2011. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
- ^ "16 Are Injured in Crash: Reid-Utica Ave. Trolley and Bus in Collision in Brooklyn" (PDF). The New York Times. June 28, 1943. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ a b Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac: A Book of Information, General of the World, and Special of New York City and Long Island. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 1894. p. 222. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ a b Walsh, Kevin (November 22, 2008). "BERGEN BEACH & GEORGETOWN, Brooklyn". Forgotten New York. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ "Buses". Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
- ^ "Annual Bus Ridership". Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved January 21, 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ a b c d "Introduction to BUS RAPID TRANSIT PHASE II" (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation, Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2009.
- ^ a b c d "BUS RAPID TRANSIT PHASE II: Future Corridors" (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation, Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 2010. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
- ^ "Select Bus Service" (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation, MTA New York City Transit Authority. November 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
- ^ a b Harshbarger, Rebecca (December 29, 2015). "NYC transit 2016: Where subway Wi-Fi is coming, new Citi Bike stations". AM New York.
- ^ a b c d e f g Frazier, Ian (April 14, 2014). "Bus Ride". The New Yorker. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ a b "Rush On New Bridge: Sunday Crowds Necessitated Extra Cars. Most Patrons Traveled to Brownsville". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 7, 1904. p. 2. Retrieved January 19, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Through Service on Bridge to End" (PDF). The New York Times. November 22, 1923. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ a b c "Restores Bridge Service: B.M.T. Abolishes 2-Cent Fare Today on Through Traffic" (PDF). The New York Times. February 15, 1931. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
- ^ a b "Through Trolley Service on Bridge". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. February 15, 1931. p. 16. Retrieved January 19, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Leonard Benardo; Jennifer Weiss (July 1, 2006). Brooklyn by Name: How the Neighborhoods, Streets, Parks, Bridges, and More Got Their Names. New York University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-8147-9945-1. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
- ^ Barron, James (January 18, 2009). "'Not Much of a Block,' but It's Named for a King". The New York Times. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
- ^ "Bedford Stuyvesant/Expanded Stuyvesant Heights Historic District: Designation Report" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. April 16, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Hiatt, Anna (December 20, 2011). "Murder on the B46: Three Years Gone". The Brooklyn Ink. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "Utica Avenue Community Advisory Committee Meeting #2: February 4, 2015" (PDF). nyc.gov. Metropolitan Transportation Authority, New York City Department of Transportation. February 4, 2015. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "B46 Select Bus Service Community Board 3 Town Hall: May 11, 2015" (PDF). nyc.gov. Metropolitan Transportation Authority, New York City Department of Transportation. May 11, 2015. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ "Greenpoint-Williamsburg Rezoning: Final Environmental Impact Statement; Chapter 17: Transit and Pedestrians" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. March 4, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 3, 2016. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Schwirtz, Michael (February 27, 2014). "For Drivers on Some City Bus Routes, Requesting the $2.50 Fare Can Be Dangerous". The New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ a b Reuters (April 28, 2015). "Two dead, four others shot in gunfight as Brooklyn wake turns deadly: Mourners opened fire as a dispute broke out after the funeral of a possible Bloods gang member". Metro New York. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
- ^ a b "NYC Transit Cracks Down on Fare Evasion on Buses". WNYC. New York, NY. September 8, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
- ^ "Reaching For Routes: The Broadway Application Part of the Syndicate Scheme". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 31, 1893. p. 10. Retrieved January 18, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Surface Railroad Deals". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 25, 1893. p. 1. Retrieved January 18, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac ...: A Book of Information, General of the World, and Special of New York City and Long Island ... Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 1895. p. 245. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Rapid Transit Statement: Issued to the Public Through a Wall Street News Bureau−Estimates of Future Earnings". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 26, 1898. p. 7. Retrieved January 18, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c Branford Electric Railway Association (September 29, 2008). Brooklyn Streetcars. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4396-2045-8.
- ^ "Oak Crest, The Lindens, Kings Oaks And Ruby". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 13, 1900. p. 25. Retrieved January 21, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "No More Cars To Holy Cross". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 11, 1900. p. 15. Retrieved January 21, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Wood, Harmon & Co. (May 29, 1900). "Rugby: Centre of a Coming City". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. p. 3. Retrieved January 21, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "NEW TROLLEY ROAD; Extension Through Utica Avenue to Be Ready June 1; The Line Will Open Up a Big Territory of Borough With Shore Cut to Bay". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 3, 1910. p. 24. Retrieved January 18, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "CARS CRASH ON BRIDGE.; Two Firmly Locked Together by Collision -- Three Persons Hurt" (PDF). The New York Times. February 19, 1906. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ "Rugby Residents Rejoice: Utica Ave. Extension of Reid Ave. Line Near Completion". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 2, 1910. p. 18. Retrieved January 18, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Extension of Car Lines in Outlying Section Will Bring Building Up of Only Rural Region Left". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 4, 1910. p. 22. Retrieved January 18, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Municipal Operation of Williamsburg Bridge Trolley Cars Began 80 Years Ago". New York Division Bulletin. Electric Railroaders Association. 46 (12): 1, 4. December 2003. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Utica-Reid Line Gets Single Fare: Endocardium Community Association Succeeds After 2-Year Effort". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 17, 1937. p. 19. Retrieved January 18, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Sparberg, Andrew J. (October 1, 2014). From a Nickel to a Token: The Journey from Board of Transportation to MTA. Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-6190-1.
- ^ Seyfried, Vincent F. (1961). "Full text of "Story of the Long Island Electric Railway and the Jamaica Central Railways, 1894-1933 /"". archive.org. F. E. Reifschneider. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
- ^ "Brooklyn to Keep 11 Trolley Lines" (PDF). The New York Times. June 3, 1949. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ Bennett, Charles G. (January 12, 1951). "Clang! Go 10 More Trolley Lines; Only 3 to Be Left, All in Brooklyn" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ "Utica Cars Yield To Buses Sunday". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 15, 1941. p. 19. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ Barmash, Isadore (September 4, 1970). "Brooklyn Shopping Center to Open in Week" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2016.
- ^ "1976 Brooklyn Bus Map". wardmaps.com. New York City Transit Authority. 1976. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
- ^ "1974 Brooklyn Bus Guide Map". New York City Transit Authority. 1974. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ Fower, Glen (May 27, 1979). "Riis Park Bus Service Is Extended". The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
- ^ "'6 Buses An Hour Tops' Greeley Proposal OKd". Wave of Long Island. Fultonhistory.com. July 7, 1979. p. 5. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ "Just a few suggestions for spending the time you'll save now that the B46 bus makes limited stops during rush hours". New York Daily News. September 6, 1994. p. 860. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
- ^ * NYC Transit Committee Agenda July 1994. New York City Transit. July 15, 1994. pp. D.99.
- NYC Transit Committee Agenda July 1994. New York City Transit. July 15, 1994. pp. D.100.
- NYC Transit Committee Agenda July 1994. New York City Transit. July 15, 1994. pp. D.101.
- NYC Transit Committee Agenda July 1994. New York City Transit. July 15, 1994. pp. D.102.
- NYC Transit Committee Agenda July 1994. New York City Transit. July 15, 1994. pp. D.103.
- NYC Transit Committee Agenda July 1994. New York City Transit. July 15, 1994. pp. D.104.
- NYC Transit Committee Agenda July 1994. New York City Transit. July 15, 1994. pp. D.109.
- NYC Transit Committee Agenda July 1994. New York City Transit. July 15, 1994. pp. D.110.
- ^ "AT-A-GLANCE BUS SERVICE CHANGES". Daily News (New York). September 17, 1995. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
- ^ New York Times, Coming Transit Reductions: What They Mean for You, August 20, 1995, section 13, page 10
- ^ * NYC Transit Committee Agenda September 1996. New York City Transit. September 9, 1996. p. 326.
- NYC Transit Committee Agenda September 1996. New York City Transit. September 9, 1996. pp. 327–328.
- NYC Transit Committee Agenda September 1996. New York City Transit. September 9, 1996. pp. 329–330.
- ^ a b Hauser, Christine (December 2, 2008). "Man Is Arrested in Death of Brooklyn Bus Driver". The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
- ^ Shilling, Erik (March 6, 2009). "BUSES GET A 'SHIELD' FOR DRIVERS". Daily News (New York). Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ Press Release (December 18, 2008). "NYCT, TWU Issue Proposals For Increased Bus Operator Safety: Policy Changes Come in Wake of Murder of Bus Operator Edwin Thomas". New York: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ Neuman, William (December 18, 2008). "Driver-Protection Partitions to Be Tested on Buses". The New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ "Bus Rapid Transit: NYCBRT Study" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority, New York City Department of Transportation, New York State Department of Transportation. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 12, 2005. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
- ^ a b "OneNYC: Mayor de Blasio Announces Start of Select Bus Service on Utica Avenue – Major Upgrades for Brooklyn's Busiest Bus Route". nyc.gov. New York City. July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
- ^ a b "B46 Select Bus Service Community Board 18: February 17, 2016" (PDF). nyc.gov. Metropolitan Transportation Authority, New York City Department of Transportation. February 17, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
- ^ "Review of the A and C Lines" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 11, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
- ^ "Capital Program Oversight Committee Meeting September 2019" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 23, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
External linksEdit
Route map:
|KML file (edit • help)
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to B46 (New York City bus).


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Knowing the tuition related to going to Adelphi means that you can plan economically for your college years. Check out the numbers following to know how Adelphi's price measures up to other colleges and universities and if you need to plan for tuition increases.
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The following table shows how Adelphi compares to other colleges nationally, regionally and by state.
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Adelphi Tuition Charges
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There continues to be a rise of 5.0% in Adelphi University tuition and fees for out-of-state students in the past five years. Tuition expanded by 5.0% and fees expanded by 0.0%. This school year, students can anticipate paying $39,028 based on current estimates.
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Leo Prediction for 11 October
Sometimes you have a way of expressing yourself quite different from the way of others. This is something that your partner likes, however, sometimes too much originality can end up being too much for him or her.
It seems that you're going to find today that, instead of plotting the way to make the ideas you have in your mind come true, you have to recede a little and be left with the desire.
If your partner resists giving free rein to that passion and that impetus that leads you to want to try everything that comes into your head, you will try to adapt. Something that will show what you are capable of doing for the person you love.
The week continues and today will be marked by a series of decisions and changes that will end up affecting your working day. You might have some schedule changes, or in the department where you work or in another one.
In any case, this won't be an immediate change. You'll know about it during today, and it will be effective further on. However, it will give you extra free time to do some other activities.
Doing some activities outdoors is something you prefer not doing during this time of the year. You are scared that you could catch a cold or something similar if you do any aquatic sport.
If you have the right clothes and you don't act as if you were in the middle of the summer, you'll surely be able to enjoy your day better. You're going to have to get involved in the plan they propose, even if it's not the most appealing one for you.


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After spending about two and a half weeks away from Katopa around the southern savannas, I was surprised with a motorbike ride back to Katopa. I didn't even know the Harts had a motorbike on this side of the river, let alone the ability to drive it along the trail (which was very open in some areas, but very closed in others). After a few bumpy and scratchy hours, I ended up back at Katopa on November 7th. It really is nice to have a solid roof over your head, even if it just means having a place to put your gear where you don't have to worry about it getting rained on. I expected to find the Harts at the camp, but Gillan (the driver who'd just driven me to Katopa) said they were at a different camp and would be back in the evening. When everybody did get there, it was the first time I'd seen Jojo and Terese in almost two months! And, incidentally, the first time I'd seen any other white people or spoken English to anyone other that John in that timeframe as well. Although I appreciate the uniqueness of my remote circumstances, and think I learned a lot from it, being around everyone was a refreshing change of pace. The company was in part, however, short-lived, as John and Terese left for Kinshasa the next morning. Up until that morning, the plan was for me to travel along the river to a stretch of rapids, finishing up my bird surveys at this one last site. I decided, though—with some encouragement from Jojo—that it might be a good idea to change up my activities for the last week and a half I'd be in the forest. Remember, this was when I found out everyone was leaving the country on November 22nd, so I'd be leaving the forest earlier than I'd planned. Besides, I wanted to get as much out of this experience as possible, which included my initial desire to look for bonobos. So, for the next few days Jojo and I had a team that worked on cutting transects through the forest.
A portion of the proposed national park is set up with a transect grid system, with major transects every six kilometers and many now cut every 500 meters. I've attached a Google Earth image with the transects overlaid so you have a sense of what I'm talking about.
The Harts want to cut more transects in places where they think are higher densities of bonobos. The process of cutting the transects usually requires two people: one actually wielding the machete, and another as a navigator. I was the navigator, and it was my job to stand behind the cutter and tell him where to go. All of the transects go exactly north, south, east, or west, and the process requires use of a compass and GPS to make sure our heading is always correct. Usually, depending on how closed the forest we're hacking through is, we can get about 1.5 kilometers cut in a day. My cutter was a 16 year-old who'd never done this before, so we tended to go a bit slower while both of us learned the ropes. Dino was nice enough to come with us on the first couple of days, to make sure we'd gotten the method down. Still, it's a fairly rewarding procedure, since at the end of the trip you can load up all your track logs onto Google Earth and see exactly how straight your cuts are. Or very, very not straight.
Spending so much time whacking through the forest off-trail really allows you to examine things more closely, in part because you're moving so slowly. But, since we'd often reach obstacles our line should go through, like huge fallen trees, dense liana entanglements, or swamps, we'd be forced to look at everything closely in order to find our way through. I never would have realized the diversity of lianas, for example, and see how many different colors of sap the different species had if we weren't forced to cut through them. I never would have seen so many huge termite mounds we had to climb over, or had a close encounter with a mamba (apparently—I never saw it). It was also nice to spend a few days with Jojo, both because of her English and because of her Swahili. Although it was nice to converse in English, as I've said, her more superior Swahili abilities allowed me to find out more about the guys on our team than I would have otherwise. One night they had a long talk about the conflicting philosophies of religion and evolution; a few times they talked about the Congolese systems of polygamy and the tendency for men to beat their wives. Mostly I just listened and picked up what I could, but I was still glad to be hearing accounts of these sensitive and controversial issues from an invaluable primary source: our team members and friends. That being said, at times I had to force myself to spend time with everyone and not just hole-up in my tent: at this point, I had a tough time thinking about anything besides what I missed at home, and I needed to remember to take advantage of where I was and who I was with.
Further, spending a few days with Jojo, I learned some things about the forest I might not have picked up from John. For instance, I learned the difference between white water and black water, the former being the safer to drink. It turns out my team had been drinking almost entirely black water, including during my first several weeks before I was using iodine. I got lucky, I guess. I definitely couldn't rely on the other members of my team to tell me things like what water is OK to drink, since they would drink mostly anything and just deal with the consequences (which can, I found out, include death). It was kind of funny, actually, in a weird way: on our walk back to Chombe Kilima, Jojo started pointing out some of the black water streams along the way, many of which we'd drank from earlier on.
We actually did the hike in one day, which was pretty tiring. We may not have made it if we didn't have porters carrying most of our equipment. The terrain was also more difficult to navigate than on my trip out, since we were now deep into the rainy season, and many portions of the trail were flooded. Nevertheless we made it, and the next day, we took the motorbike ride back to Kindu; this time, I had one of the most experienced drivers, instead of a younger, new driver. Still not a Rolls Royce ride, but I could tell the difference.
We spent a couple full days in Kindu, eating plenty of homemade peanut butter and walking around. One morning, we came across a few boys along the river, who after trying to impress Jojo with their acrobatics, asked us lots of questions about the United States: "Are there cars?" "Is there hunger?" "Is there a sun?" They got progressively more general and surprising, things that it seems no human being could possibly reach the age of 10 without being aware of, but they were somehow heartbreakingly naive and genuine. As usual, we made our exit when the subject turned to asking for food. I got a nice shirt made for me, and I was happy to get a cold drink, finally, at a bar called Vero Beach right on the Congo River. It was here, sitting by the river and playing cards, that I started really thinking about the extent to which I had been isolated. It had been over two months since I'd had really been inside; two months since I could be productive after dark, with a mostly consistent supply of electricity; two months since I could do much of anything for fun outside of my work (I did start out with my fishing rod, but you'll remember that activity ended pretty abruptly); two months since I didn't have to worry about rationing a limited reading supply; two months since I had even seen any machinery other than my computer, a couple motorbikes, and a generator. There were also a great many things I no longer had to worry about, such as daily sanguinary hell streams of safari ants, or wearing my one pair of waterlogged boots which only exacerbated my many blisters.
My last few days in the Congo went by pretty quickly. After a frustratingly unorganized trip back to Kinshasa, courtesy of Congo's only real airline, CAA, I reclaimed my room in the Harts' office and collapsed into a raised mattress for the first time since leaving. The next morning I went to the doctor's and found I had contracted trichinosis, a kind of intestinal worm, which I got antibiotics for. I spent awhile looking through John's larger bird texts, building up reference information for the paper John and I will submit to a African bird journal shortly. One of the Harts' neighbors, Minas, also took Jojo and me out on his motorboat on the Congo River for an afternoon. After a couple of farewell dinners with a few of the Harts' friends in-country, we were off home the day before Thanksgiving.
So here I am, more than two months since leaving the Congo. A few of the blisters on my ankles and feet still haven't completely healed, and I may not ever use that brand of anti-itch cream I mistook for toothpaste again. But, other than that, I don't think I ended up any worse for the wear. I won't soon forget most of what I saw and experienced, and I hope I've been able to convey that in some sense here. Maybe I've even convinced some of you to visit the Harts' park, once it officially exists!
I've also added a new album with some more pictures from Kindu and Kinshasa.


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Asian Tribune is published by World Institute For Asian Studies|Powered by WIAS Vol. 12 No. 2787
Social activist Anna Hazare on Friday alleged that Congress might have taken a U-turn on contentious issues of lower bureaucracy and CBI in Lokpal under Rahul Gandhi's instructions and claimed that the government was delaying resolution of FDI imbroglio to avoid passing Jan Lokpal Bill in the Winter Session of Parliament.
The U.S. president Barack Obama will not make that mistake again: saying 'sorry', offering formal condolences and apologizing to the Government of Pakistan for the deaths of two dozen soldiers in NATO airstrikes last week, overruling State Department officials who argued for such a show of remorse to help salvage America's relationship with Pakistan.
With the deadlock persisting over the Mullaperiyar dam issue, Kerala Chief Minister Oommen Chandy on Friday met Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Congress chief Sonia Gandhi in New Delhi to drum up support for a new dam, which is being opposed by Tamil Nadu.
The Democratic Party US Senator Robert P. Casey has become a well known champion of human rights, rule of law and justice in Sri Lanka. His voice, in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in which he is a member, petitioning to Secretary Clinton and President Obama, is well heard in the diplomatic corridors in Washington stretching through the American Embassy in Colombo to Sri Lanka government power centers.
Sri Lanka - Colombo
India - New Delhi
Stockholm / Arlanda


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text:
Begin Again/ John John Florence Edit
A short featuring John John Florence and friends titled "Begin Again" on the North Shore of Oahu and Maui.
Directed by Blake Vincent Kueny & John John Florence
Surfing by John John Florence, Nathan Florence, Ivan Florence, Kiron Jabour, Koa Rothman, and Eli Olson.
Filmed by Damien Robertson, Daren Crawford, and John John Florence
Phantom Footage by Chris Bryan
Edited by Blake Vincent Kueny
Colored by Marshall Plante
Special Thanks to RED Digital Cinema
"I've Got A Crush On You" by New York Philharmonic & Zubin Mehta
"Feel It" by Wake Up Lucid


text:
Ashley Graham has slammed Victoria's Secret in the most subtle way possible. The plus-size model, who has been a vocal advocate of body confidence, shared an Instagram post on Monday (20 November) with a cryptic message. The image has sparked a fan frenzy on social media.
In the photo, which she shared with her five million followers, the curvaceous model walks down the glittery runway wearing a lacy black and white lingerie and a pair of white feathery wings from Addition Elle collection. "Got my wings, my Addition Elle wings" she captioned the picture with a hashtag which reads: "Thick thighs, saves lives."
Her post came just around the VS fashion show, which is scheduled to take place in Shanghai, China on 28 November. With her cryptic post, many assume that the 30-year-old model is taking a jab at the event that is scheduled to be aired on 28 November on CBS.
Victoria's Secret, known for its hottest lingerie collection, handpicks models, who are also called angels as they wear giant colourful wings, that are the signature style of the fashion house.
The luxury fashion house is yet to include curvy angels to its model's list. Graham has been vocal about the fashion industry's outlook towards plus-size models.
"Women in the [curvy market] get left behind in the luxury world. If you ask any big girl who wants to spend money, she's going to say she spends on bags, shoes or beauty products because we're never given the opportunity to buy clothes that are expensive—although we would do it," she told Women's Wear Daily.
"We're lacking communication between designers, buyers and the actual customer," "Designers...go up to a size 20, but the buyers won't buy it because they don't think the customer will come into the store. That customer has been told for so long that that size doesn't exist for her, so how does she know?"
Ashley's post has received a positive reaction from fans who think she has been an inspiration.
"So beautiful! You give us curvy women so much confidence to embrace our bodies and be happy," one fan wrote. "You are the most beautiful of the angels," added another.


text:
iPhone SE already a huge success in China, report says
Apple hasn't announced any early sales numbers for the iPhone SE, but a new report claims the 4-inch smartphone could be a big hit in China. According to CNBC, over 3.4 million units of the handset have already been pre-ordered by Chinese shoppers.
The report adds that gold and rose gold are the most popular color options, according to local retailers. The iPhone SE is also expected to be a big hit in other emerging markets, including Brazil, Russia and India. It could also do pretty well in the U.S., where plenty of people are still holding onto an iPhone 5s and prefer the smaller 4-inch design.
The iPhone SE offers solid hardware similar to what's found in the flagship iPhone 6s. That includes an A9 processor, a 12-megapixel iSight camera, Touch ID and NFC for using Apple Pay. It comes in gold, rose gold, silver and space gray, and starts at $399 for the 16GB storage model.
Overall we were pretty impressed with the iPhone SE after spending a little time with the device last week at Apple's unveiling. However, you'll have to wait for our review to see our full thoughts on the new handset.
Source: CNBC
Via: 9to5Mac


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The President's schedule is subject to change with or without notice. We make every effort to ensure the data is accurate.
Presidents Travels 2019-2020
May 16-19th Michigan Elks Convention Sault Ste. Marie
June 5-8th Indiana State Convention
June 9th Walleye for Warriors Linwood Marina
June 10th Gold Key Golf Kalamazoo
June 15th Gold Key Golf-Fields GC Alma
June 16th Loons Game-Presidents day Midland
June 26th -July 4th Grand Lodge Convention St. Louis, MO.
July 25-28th Bay Cliff Health Camp Marquette
July 29th U.P. Gold Key Golf Ishpeming
August 9-11 Metro Gold Key Golf Port Huron
August 24th Southeast Gold Key Golf TBD
September 8th Metro District Meeting TBD
September 8th Southeast District Meeting TBD
September 14th Northeast Gold Key Golf Outing Muskegon
September 15th Northwest District Meeting TBD
September 15th Northeast District Meeting TBD
September 15th Southwest District Meeting TBD
September 19-22 U.P. District meeting/President's night Escanaba
October 5th Ritual Clinic Flint or Owosso
October 16th 100th Anniversary Alma-GER Visit Alma
October 17-20th Michigan Elks Convention Frankenmuth
November 9th Wounded Warriors Hockey Game Saginaw
January 12th Northeast District Meeting TBD
January 12th Southeast District Meeting TBD
January 12th Metro District Meeting TBD
January 20th NE District Hoop shoot TBD
February 1&2nd Charitable Grant Meeting TBD
February 2nd SE Ritual TBD
February 7&8th Scholarship Judging TBD
February 15th Metro Ritual TBD
February 21&22nd State Hoop Shoot TBD
March 7th NE District Ritual TBD
March 7th State Trustee Mid-Winter meeting Same place as Ritual for NE
March 14 or 20th Area 4 Reginal Hoop shoot Angola IN.
March 28th ? Major Project Mid-Winter meeting TBD
April 19th All District meeting?
April 25th U.P. District meeting TBD
May 9th Tulip Festival Holland
May 21st Spring Convention Soo