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text: by Alanna Ketler | There is no question about it, breakfast is the most important meal of the day, when you wake up chances are that you have not eaten for at least 8 hours if not way longer. Breakfast literally means, to break fast. You want to make sure you are getting a kick of nutrition and something that will ...Read More »

subset: commoncrawl


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What really goes on behind the scenes at hospitals? We might think we know it all. But watching hospital dramas on TV just doesn't show the full picture. In order to really unravel all the little things that doctors don't share, we've need to go to the source.
So what are doctors trying to keep under wraps? We managed to find a few of them out there who were willing to spill the beans... And many will be interested in what they have to say. Sure, some readers might already know a few of these. But we guarantee that there's going to be some juicy information in here that'll blow everyones' minds.
Sure, some of this information is just awesome to learn about. Some are just plain funny. But Mom might find that some of this information is actually incredibly useful. After all, the more people understand about how a hospital works, the better they can get through an operation or even delivering babies. Some of these show real issues in most hospitals around the world – things that need to change for the better. But education is the first step.
20 EMTs Deliver You To The Hospitals With The Best Snacks
"I work at a hospital in an area where there are lots of hospitals. Our ER has an EMT lounge with free slushies soda and snack food so the EMT'S choose our hospital when delivering patients."
No way! We had no idea that EMTs were that obsessed with snacks... In fact, this actually a little unsettling. After all, shouldn't EMTs be delivering patients to the closest hospital, not the one with cool slushies and snack food? The craziest thing is that someone else actually confirmed this in the thread, saying it was a common occurrence with hospitals these days. This just blows our minds!
19 Patient Confidentiality Isn't What You Think It Is
"Patient confidentiality just means your name isn't in the story, not that your story won't get told."
In an ideal world, we can be pretty certain that all our confidential information is kept secret. But we all know that isn't quite true in 2019. After all, we all know that information is very hard to keep under wraps online, and there are plenty of people who would like to have our data. But what about hospitals? In the words of one doctor, patient confidentiality isn't quite what you think it is. Your story will still get told all over the hospital - it's just that your name will be left out.
18 You Can Negotiate Your Hospital Bill
"Hospitals and doctors office bills in the U.S. can be negotiated, and many will offer huge cash discounts if you pay at the time of service. But once the insurance gets billed, there is much less room for negotiation. If your bill gets applied to the insurance deductible, then the facility, by law, is supposed to collect the full amount that was applied to the deductible from you. Also, if there's a co-pay, the facility, by law, is supposed to collect that as well."
Is this real? Obviously this doesn't apply to countries with nationalized healthcare, but it might be pretty useful info for people who live in countries like the US. Who knew that you can negotiate your medical bills!?
17 Expect A Crowd
"If there's anything out of the ordinary for the birth, and you're in a hospital, a mob of medical students/residents/interns/cafeteria ladies/phlebotomists will show up to see the birth. I have no idea how word spreads so fast or where they all materialize from."
Let's be honest - the last thing a pregnant mother wants while she's giving birth is a crowd. But sometimes, that's exactly what we get. One doctor admitted that if there's anything out of the ordinary with a pregnancy, you can expect a group of medical students to come by and observe. And they're usually accompanied by other hospital staff as well!
16 Hospitals Are There To Make Money
"I work at a hospital. If I drop something on the floor, we open another one and charge the patient twice. This happens literally everywhere. Doctors and nurses are there to help people, hospitals are there to make money."
Not everyone will agree with this point of view. And it might not be the same in all countries. But at the end of the day, hospitals are kind of like a business. They need to stay profitable in order to stay afloat, even if they're not charging their patients. One doctor admits that they find ways to charge patients extra whenever possible...
15 Here Is The Best Way To Pay
"If you go to a hospital, don't let them know you have insurance until after they give you the bill. Do the negotiation first, then do the math and see if it's cheaper to pay out of pocket. If not, the facility has 6 months to bill your insurance after the date of service."
Assuming you live in a country where healthcare isn't "free," you're probably curious about how to save the most money whenever you go to the hospital. And we get it - those bills can be pretty massive sometimes. But this doctor revealed just how to save the most money, and we love this advice.
14 Doctors Aren't The Best At Prescriptions
"Medical field here. A lot of doctors really don't have a great grasp of the interactions they are prescribing you/forget and don't double check the dose before they up you again."
Most people trust a doctor to prescribe the right medication, and the right dosage. But according to this person in the medical world, that might not always happen. According to them, the doctors don't actually have a great understanding about what to prescribe and when. It's even more worrying when they say that doctors forget to double check the dose before renewing the prescription!
13 Many People Would Be Surprised About What Is Common Practice
"I am currently a medicine student in Mexico. One of my professors told us that during his residency he worked in hospital in a fairly poor area. In these sorts of places birth control is a relatively unused practice, leading to poor families of 6+ children. In effort to stop this, they began to [fix] women during their children's birth, regardless of their wishes. It's still a fairly common practice in the hospital."
This has to be one of the most awful pieces of information that we've found. Who knew that certain countries had it so bad?! But, according to this doctor, what he's talking about is actually common practice!
12 Not All OBGYNs Are Created Equal
"About 6 OBGYNs where I trained, only 1 I would let anywhere near me."
Wow. Think about this for a second. This is coming from someone who actually trains OBGYNs. That means that if anyone knows which ones are good, it's this person. And according to her, only about 1 out of 6 OBGYNs are actually good enough for her standards! This is pretty crazy information, especially when you consider the fact that most of us don't have the expertise of this person. We can't evaluate an OBGYN's skills... We simply have to trust them and have faith... All we can do is try to find a good one!
11 50% Of Doctors Aren't Up To Scratch
"Most doctors would not let 50% of their colleagues operate on their family with a serious issue."
One the same note, another doctor stated that doctors are often very judgmental of each other... Not based on personality per se, but rather skill level. Apparently, it's very common for doctors to choose certain doctors when their friends and families are involved.
It makes us wonder whether we've actually been seeing good doctors this whole time! Who knows. All we know is that if only 50% of doctors "pass the test," that's definitely an unsettling thought. But hey, all we can do is try our best to find the right doctor.
10 It's Hard To Find A Doctor You Can Trust
"I have worked with several doctors over the years. If I needed sound medical care, I can only think of one MD I trust."
The past few entries have been a little unsettling. But this one really takes the case. This healthcare professional says she has worked with several doctors over the years... And after all that time, she can only think of one doctor she actually trusts! Wow. This changes everything.
Maybe trust is just a personal thing, and it has nothing to do with the doctor's skill. But what if these other doctors are untrustworthy for a very good reason? What if we've been seeing these "bad" doctors this whole time? It's enough to make your head spin.
9 The Doctors Have Codes For Different Things
"My mom worked in a pediatrician's office as a receptionist. Their doctors had special codes for chart notes, [like fussy babies]. They had more for things like noting the mom was hard to deal with and "annoying as [heck]". I don't remember specific abbreviations, but I can ask my mom later."
This has to be one of the funniest stories we've read so far. We had no idea that the doctors in a hospital have their own unique language and code system. The next time you have a baby, you might want to take a close look at the chart, and see if there's anything suspicious written on it. Who knows what they could be saying about your baby!
8 Grey's Anatomy Is Real
"In most hospitals, there's lots of [funny business]. The stereotypes are true. It's rampant. Also lots of crying in the bathroom or supply closets."
For most of us, our knowledge of hospitals comes from shows like Grey's Anatomy and Scrubs. But it can't really be like those TV shows... Right? Well, judging by this doctor's words, those shows might not be that far off from the truth. Apparently, there's a lot of secretive behavior between the various workers at a hospital. What can we say? It IS a stressful environment after all... It's still surprising to hear this, however, and it really gets our imagination going.
7 Doctors Use Google Sometimes
"Once had my GP openly Google my symptoms in front of me once. That shattered my illusion of doctors as all-knowing oracles of health."
This is definitely an interesting piece of information. Who knew that doctors would have to Google the symptoms of their patients! But maybe it's not as bad as it seems. After all, doctors are the best trained people to actually interpret the results of a Google search. They can quickly deduce what might be happening based on the information they find on the internet, and this can lead to some interesting discoveries. Honestly, the fact that they're Googling symptoms probably means they care.
6 Doctors Hide From Family Members Of Patients
"We hide from family members of patients a lot. Hit your call light. Do not come outside and look for me at the nurses station. Because then I look bad if you catch me on my phone or see me eating my lunch there or hear me complaining about another patient. Don't get me wrong, nightshift can be crazy busy, but when my two patients are sleeping and I'm done with my charting, there's nothing else I need to do except read a book."
Honestly, we kind of understand where this doctor is coming from. After all, it must be tough dealing with family members who are constantly asking for updates. And it's even worse when there's no progress to report! In this case, what else is there to do rather than hide somewhere?
5 Nurses Know What's Wrong - But They Can't Say Anything
"Nurses know exactly what's up with you. When they say 'we have to wait for the doctor' for results, it means the doctor is the one who will break the news. We get access to your labs at the same time/before the doctor, and are responsible for making him aware of the result if there is any red flags."
A lot of people probably don't know this. Nurses already know the results of your tests and all that, but are they allowed to tell you? No. That's the job of the doctor. Still, we wonder if it's possible to pick up on subtle cues from body language and behavior from nurses. Maybe we could "guess" our test results this way.
4 Hospitals Are Very Understaffed
"No one knows how understaffed we are. I take care of too many patients with not enough supplies and the suits don't care. I'm overworked. And I usually go home and cry after a shift because I'm severely burnt out."
According to this doctor, no one actually understands how bad some hospitals have it. Most of us have heard vague reports that certain hospitals are dealing with a labor shortage. But few of us have actually experienced it firsthand. It must be really stressful for doctors and nurses to deal with this issue, and we're sure that they do a really good job of hiding it from the public.
3 There's Tons Of Gossip In Hospitals
"I worked for the marketing department for a large hospital. Mostly we don't talk about patients as much as we talk about each other. What doctor is [seeing] which nurse? Who [got crazy] in the on call room? Who got caught making out at the Christmas party?"
We bet that most of our readers would have guessed this already. In pretty much every workplace, there's going to be gossip. That's just a fact. But according to this doctor, it seems like hospital is a place where there's more gossip than usual. We can't lie, it sounds like a pretty interesting and fun place to be involved in - at least some of the time.
2 Spontaneous Laughter Is A Thing
"Mom has been a nurse for 30+ years. People who work at hospitals deal with an incredible amount of stress. Mental and emotional anguish is [very real] when you are exposed to tragedies and have to work through them with family members. Your body becomes so desperate for some kind of release that hospital staff will oftentimes break out into spontaneous laughter. You can see how this would be a huge problem."
This is kind of heartbreaking and funny at the same time. Some of our readers might already know that spontaneous laughter is a common way to deal with extreme stress. Honestly, that might explain some of the weird behavior some of us have witnessed in hospitals.
1 Doctors Binge Eat To Deal With Stress
"I'm a doctor, and I binge eat 2-3 times every week, and see a psychologist often for depression. Many of my mates do that too."
Binge eating is actually a pretty common thing. Most of us have probably done it at some point in our lives, and stress is a normal reason for that. But some of our readers might not have fully grasped just how much stress doctors are under. The fact that some of them are binge eating speaks volumes about what they're going through each and every day.
This doctor also admits that he's seeing a psychologist, and that many of his friends are dealing with the same issues.
Sources: Reddit.com


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Jennifer Graham – 'In pieces, over time'
Jennifer Graham's series 'In pieces, over time' – "Taken shortly after the unexpected loss of a friend, these images reflect the transience and fragility of life and the seeming indifference of nature to our suffering. And yet, in moments of stillness and reflection, she imparts simple wisdom: While death comes suddenly, the loss of a loved one happens more slowly, in pieces, over time. And so does healing."
Special thanks to the photographer for the statement.


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Henderson Avenue developers Marc and Roger Andres were good enough to take us along on a tour of their neighborhood-in-progress, and spoke a little on camera about their vision for keeping the stretch of road unique.
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Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Practices Adopted at Manufacturing Unit: An Analysis
Received Date: Jul 19, 2017 / Accepted Date: Sep 07, 2017 / Published Date: Sep 15, 2017
Total Productive Maintenance is a maintenance program which involves a newly defined concept for maintaining plants and equipment. TPM program allows manufacturing units to look for evolutionary changes happened in business environment. TPM is an evolving technique which is followed in the all organization. This helps improve key business process which helps firms to identify key performance indicators. The objectives of the study is to examine the advanced methodologies that can be implemented to bring betterment of the process being used and to compute overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) to analyze maintenance performance of machine and to understand the quality standards and customer expectations over the products manufactured. The Research design taken for this study is Analytical research. The secondary data are collected from annual company records for the month July 16 to Dec 16. The various tools used for analysing the data for this research paper is Pareto chart, Histogram, Why- Why analysis, Fish bone diagram, Pie chart. The findings of this research is OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) has increased due to proper utilization of machine; In-process scrap gets reduced due to development of gauges for measuring the dimension near the machining area and inspection area near the machining center. The suggestion given to the management from this research is Cleaning and Inspection time and machine setting change over time to be reduced to utilize the machine as much as possible to meet the production target and to increase the OEE.
Keywords: OEE; Machine loss; Maintenance; Quality defects
With advancements in technology all manufacturing firms moving towards automation centralizing their plants for survival by maximizing productivity levels by reframing their all legacy applications. The concepts of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) helping firms to maximize the equipment effectiveness till the expiry of the equipment. Maintaining equipment throughout its lifetime requires larger amount of time effort. TPM helps organizations in maintaining equipment to protect from quality defects, speed losses and also prevent unexpected breakdown because of accidental and incidental losses. This study executing ways by identifying new methodologies like cost reduction, promoting employees to face newer challenges and also transform new culture at work place. Through TPM practices manufacturing organizations ultimate goals transformed themselves towards zero defects, zero break downs and zero accidents all the time.
Nakajima suggests the ultimate goal of TPM is to minimize wastage of man hours, raw material, power, tools etc. The concept of overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) allows firms to realize an opportunity for zero defects, zero machine stoppage, zero pollution etc. All manufacturing firms adopts different strategies to make cross functional teams to root cause the barriers in machine uptime, rigorous maintenance programs, equipment maintenance training to all levels (strategic to operational) which allows teams to lower the cost and higher reliability. TPM practices keeping equipment to operate on full capacity with better efficiency and responsiveness.
According to Kennedy [1] Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) allows manufacturing plants to look for revolution on their existing methodological practices. It allows firms to maximize overall plant and machine efficiency. Since it adopts Japanese lean production approach making firms a complete sense of ownership for plant and equipment operation, promote continuous improvement through team based approach in all functional areas. It improves human capital management by continuously addressing them in elimination/ minimization of machine losses.
Most of the production and their total production cost (30-50%) are currently undertaken within the factory. Due to this business profitability greatly affected because of quality of maintenance. It is important for the firm to improve the maintenance cost since its entirely affected the operating budget of many manufacturing firms. The firms continuously improve the maintenance functions by improving availability of product all the time, their quality and also improving their safety standards and requirements.
Sun et al. [2] quotes every business organizations applied TPM approach either directly or indirectly to improve their efficiency and effectiveness in their manufacturing approaches.
Kalbande and Thampi [3] quotes TPM is an important activity for a business in term of maintenance factor. It was not regarded as a nonprofitable activity. However, it does can be more profitable in the long term. Many number of researchers and contributors drafted definitions mainly on autonomous, planned, quality and education and training maintenance.
Need for the Study
TPM is an evolving technique, which is followed in the all organization. This helps to increase the productivity of an organization. Currently, TPM has been implemented in manufacturing unit which has good impact in all aspects. This study is based on TPM impact after Implementation in the manufacturing company. There is a benefit in terms of productivity, reduction of scrap material, oil cost reduction, material utilization. So this study helps us to understand how TPM is beneficial to the organization of TPM after implementation. After detailed study findings and suggestions will be given to management in order to improve the TPM methodologies in the organization.
Research Objectives
• To examine the advanced methodologies that can be implemented to bring betterment of the process being used.
• To compute overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) to analyse maintenance performance of machine.
• To understand the quality standards and customer expectations over the products manufactured.
• To lubricate machines involve in smaller scale maintenance before and after closing them.
• To improve the skills of the employees by providing training to them.
• To satisfy the customer's needs by providing best-of-breed products with quality.
Literature Review
Ahmed et al. [4] contributed his research work by implementing total productive maintenance (TPM) in pharma sector. The study focused by identifying major losses and their factors which contributes productivity losses. The study suggested planned maintenance program to be implemented which helps pharma sectors to have smooth and increased efficiency on manufacturing load time, cycle time, and reduction in defects while producing units.
According to Katkamwar et al. [5] study performed how Total Productive Maintenance approach undertaken in spinning industry. The study suggested ways in implementing TPM effectiveness of the equipment. The study initially implemented TPM practices on model machine where the author derived direct and indirect benefits by applying quality tools. The methodological results obtained from this study showing ways to improve effectiveness of machines based on availability and performance.
Goyal and Jindal [6] identified overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) has important parameter for success in implementing TPM within firm. The study evaluates areas like reduction of manufacturing cycle time, customer complaints, handling autonomous groups on their skills and confidence levels and derived recommendations and conclusions to improves equipment efficiency and effectiveness.
Wudhikarn [7] proposed a new framework Analytic Network Process (ANP) along with OEE for improving the existing OEE measures and adapted measurement. ANP allows accurate judgment on decision maker even though OEE still a balanced tool to rectify unconformities to undertake appropriate decisions in handling and managing equipment.
Singh and Bhatia [8] discussed current TPM solutions and methodological practices avail world class manufacturing by overall effectiveness of equipment through team of people not by technology and standalone systems. The success of TPM implementation depends on the attributes like human interaction, effective matrix organizational structures and also through continuous TPM programs.
Singh et al. [9] implemented TPM practices on CNC machines by incorporating pillars of TPM through phased approach methods to eliminate losses for proper utilization of CNC machines. The author investigated TPM practices on CNC machines with different capacities by analyzing their overall equipment losses to identify effectiveness and efficiency.
Wakjira and Singh [10] identified correlations between various attributes of TPM to improve manufacturing efficiency by applying overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) in boiler plant in Ethiopia. Major success factors of TPM identified in this study to improve performance enhancements.
Research Gap
In the above literature papers, the authors clearly highlighted the importance of TPM methodologies to be followed in the organization [11]. The literature authors listed above focused implementation of TPM and focused on ways to improve performance efficiency and effectiveness. And also they addressed the issue faced during the implementation of TPM in the organization. They have calculated the various losses which affects directly the productivity of an organization. They also suggested how to improve the Overall Equipment effectiveness by eliminating the various losses. However, they didn't discussed how the productivity has increased after implementing the TPM in the organization. This article focused on ways how TPM contributes towards the increase in productivity after implementation within an organization. And also how material scrap percentage is got reduced gradually after implementation of TPM is to be studied in the paper [12].
The research design adopted is analytical research where the researcher has used already available facts or information, and analyzes them to make a critical evaluation of the subject. The study concerns with cause–effect relationships among various variables by analyzing situation to make critical evaluation.
Parameters considered for this study is restricted to In-Process scrap, cleaning and Inspection, Customer complaint, Training, Oil and Spare cost reduction, Break down occurrence.
Secondary data are used for this study. Data collected from part of Research papers and Journals and from company records related to TPM methodologies.
Tools used for data analysis and interpretation
• Pareto chart
• Histogram
• Cause and Effect Diagram
• Why-Why Analysis
Data collection Period: July 2016 to December 2016 from Annual report of the firm.
Data Analysis and Interpretation
During the month of July'16 cleaning and Inspection time was found to be 30 min for a single machine. During the consecutive month the cleaning and inspection time gets reduced from 30 min to 10.4 min due to regular maintenance done (Table 1 and Figure 1).
|Time in min
Table 1: Cleaning and inspection.
During the month of July 16 Customer complaint found to be 19 mainly due to part mix-up. During the consecutive month the customer complaint has got reduced from 19 to 5 as on date (Table 2 and Figure 2).
|Customer complaint
|No of complaints
Table 2: Customer complaint.
Over all equipment efficiency calculation
Equipment Name: XYZ
Date: 1st 2016
Total losses: Setting time loss=30 min in 1st hour
First off time=15 min in 1st hour
Tool change time=20 min in 1st hour
Material not received from store=60min in 5th hour
Total loss=120 min.
OEE found to be 35.5%. But it has gradually increased to 80.53% due to proper utilization of machine without any losses (Figures 3 and 4).
During the month of July 16 Oil cost found to be 2.5 lakhs. During the consecutive month the oil cost has got reduced from 2.5 lakhs to 1.64 lakhs due to proper filtration and by arresting leakages. Simultaneously, spare cost has got reduced from 1.21 lakhs to 0.47 lakhs due to proper maintenance and parts localization (Tables 3 and 4; Figure 5).
|Compressor housing side bolt found loosen
|Torque not applied on bolt
|Nut runner position error
|Malfunction of logic control in PLC program
|Bug in PLC program
Table 3: Occurrence table.
|Non detection
|Compressor housing side bolt found loosen
|Torque not applied on bolt
|Not verified by operator
|Manual error
Table 4: Non detection table.
It is found that, during the month of July 16 in-process scrap found to be 10.3% mainly occurred in bearing housing because of machining scrap. During the consecutive month the scrap value has got reduced from 10.3% to 1.9% as on date because of Implementation of gauge measuring instrument, part inspection near to the machining area (Tables 5-7 and Figure 6).
|Oil cost reduction
|Aug 16
Table 5: Oil cost reduction.
|Spares cost reduction
Table 6: Spares cost reduction.
|In process scrap
Table 7: In process scrap.
The present TPM Methodologies followed in the organization is thoroughly assessed with the available data. Based on the research findings it is concluded that major improvements reflected especially on productivity and outcomes of results. Further there are some suggestions given to the management to utilize the machine time as much as possible to increase the production number by doing the regular maintenance at scheduled period of time. And also few suggestions are given to reduce oil cost and in-process scrap cost.
Recommendation from the Study
• Cleaning and Inspection time to be reduced to utilize the machine as much as possible to meet the production target.
• Setting change over time to be reduced in future, so that OEE can be increased.
• Proper filtration and checking for the leakage at various joints to be done for oil in order to reduce the cost.
• Part localization instead of Importing to be planned to reduce the spare part cost.
• Electrical and Electronics items, and various mechanical systems in a machine to be serviced at scheduled period in order to avoid the machine breakdown.
• Part to be supplied from the before station or store to be on time to avoid the productivity.
• TPM training to be given maximum to all shop floor employees in order to have zero breakdowns and zero accident.
• Implementation of gauges and Measuring instruments to be done in all shop floor area in order to reduce the material scrap.
Direction for Future Research
TPM is evolving technology which is necessary for all the organization to meet the productivity with zero breakdown and zero accident. So in this research paper, the researcher has clearly highlighted how the OEE has contributing in increase in production. So a TPM methodology is the method which can be implemented in all the organization. So a further research, the researchers can this paper as a base research model to move forward in doing his research activity in TPM.
- Kennedy R(1995) Plant and Equipment Effectiveness. Maintenance Journal.
- Sun H, Yam R,Wai-Keung N (2003) "Implementation and evaluation of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)-A case study in a Hong Kong manufacturing company". The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 22: 224-228.
- Kalbande SV,Thampi GT (2010) "Total Productive Maintenance A case study in manufacturing industry".Industrial Engineering Journal 2.
- Ahmed T, Ali SM, Allama MM, Parvez MS (2010) "A Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Approach to Improve Production Efficiency and Development of Loss Structure in a Pharmaceutical Industry". Global Journal of Management of Business Research 10: 186-190.
- Katkamwar SG, Wadatkar SK, Paropate RV (2013) "Study of Total Productive Maintenance and Its Implementing Approach in Spinning Industries". International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology4: 1750-1754.
- Goyal R, Jindal S (2015) "A Systematic Approach towards Implementation of TPM in an Automobile Industry". International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 4: 14-17.
- Wudhikarn R (2013) "A Framework for Integrating Overall Equipment Effectiveness with Analytic Network Process Method". International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology 4: 351-355.
- Singh N, Bhatia OS (2013) "Review Paper On: Total Productive Maintenance". International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 1: 1-9
- Singh R, Gohil AM, Shah DB (2013) "Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Implementation in a Machine Shop". Nirma University International Conference on Engineering 51: 592-599.
- Wakjira MW, Singh AP (2012) "Total Productive Maintenance: A Case Study in Manufacturing Industry". Global Journal of Research in Engineering 12: 26-32.
- Ichikawa A, Takagi K, Takebe Y, Yamazaki K, Izumi T, et al., (1996) "TPM for Every Operator" Portland Productivity Press, Maintenance Engineering 1: 3-16.
- Hartmann EH (1992) "Successfully Installing Total Productive Maintenance in a non-Japanese plant" Total Productive Maintenance, TPM Press Inc. London.
Citation: Venkateswaran N (2017) Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Practices Adopted at Manufacturing Unit: An Analysis. Arabian J Bus Manag Review 7: 313.
Copyright: © 2017 Venkateswaran N. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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February 11, 1989, Section 1, Page 1Buy Reprints
Ronald H. Brown, an influential Washington lawyer, was elected today as chairman of the Democratic National Committee, the first black ever to preside over a major political party in the United States.
''We cannot ignore the history of this moment,'' Mr. Brown told committee members after his election by acclamation. ''In choosing the first American of African descent to lead one of America's political parties, you have made history.''
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Mr. Brown's election, the product of a meticulously organized campaign, gave him such an overwhelming advantage that his four competitors dropped out of the contest weeks before the voting. His political skills have already won him praise even from party moderates who were leary of his impact on the party. Southern Moderate's Praise
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In fact, Mr. Brown's election probably helped avert the sort of divisive fight that often plagues Democratic meetings. This one involved two factions that had strongly supported him: Mr. Jackson's supporters and organized labor.
The battle was for the No. 2 position in the party, the vice chair for voter participation and registration. Labor was pushing for one of its own, Jack Otero, vice president of the Transportation-Communications International Union. Some of Mr. Jackson's supporters wanted the post to go to a black. A fight was avoided when their candidate, Mayor Sidney Barthelemy of New Orleans, withdrew, as did Mayor Lottie Shackelford of Little Rock, Ark. Mr. Otero was elected, while Mayor Shackelford won a different vice chair post.
While accounts varied on how active a role Mr. Brown played in bringing about this relatively amicable result, one of his allies said that his mere presence at the top of the party had made compromise easier and was a sign of the tranquillity he might bring to the party.
Other Democrats said that Mr. Brown's ascension could solve a different problem: the feeling among many blacks that Democrats take their votes for granted. Black turnout dropped in many areas in 1988 and Representative Mickey Leland, a Texas Democrat, said Mr. Brown took very seriously the campaign that the Republican chairman, Lee Atwater, has said he will undertake to win blacks away from the Democrats.
Mr. Atwater, who is extremely skilled at getting himself on television, could prove to be an unintentional ally of Mr. Brown's, since the new Democratic chairman is now likely to share some of his Republican counterpart's time in the limelight.
Mr. Brown said today he was ready for that. ''I think Lee Atwater is going to discover that our voters don't fool easily,'' Mr. Brown said.


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How do you foster the motivation for sharing?
Design Bash 8th July 09
Cloud created by:
Gráinne Conole
8 July 2009
How do you foster the motivation for sharing? Should we adopt an egotistic, personal-benefit approach or a community-based, altruistic approach?
Extra content
- Discussion (23)
- Links (1)
- Academic References (0)
Comment 1 by Gráinne Conole
Gráinne Conole
10:35am 8 July 2009 Permalink
One idea that came up in the group today was to run some fun, engaging discussions in web 2.0 space. For example a tweet asking people to say what their most memorable learning experience was, then capture these and somehow get people to comment on each others.
Comment 2 by Rebecca Galley
Rebecca Galley
10:40am 8 July 2009 Permalink
Accessing people while they are excited about their designs and ideas is important. Sharing is an 'in the moment' thing - spontaneous and generous. Sharing is also cultural and teachers are used to designing their learning in a vacuum - sharing may make them feel vulnerable for a little while. On a personal note I think a community approach is the right thing and more aligned to philosophies I hold about teaching, learning and life.
Comment 3 by Phillip
Grainne - re: "tweet asking people to say what their most memorable learning experience was, then capture these and somehow get people to comment on each others." We're trying a variant of that among the T&L community at UQ but using Ning as the discussion space. We'll let you know how it plays out.
However, I think the real issue is what problem is web2.0 tools solving from the perspective of the mainstream faculty/academic staff. If they don't perceive themselves having a challenge that social networking tools address, there is not much likelihood that such tools will have perceived value.
Comment 4 by AJ Cann
I don't think you can discuss sharing without considering the Prisoner's Dilemma, which isn't wholly encouraging. In that light, the best way forward would seem to be to ensure that potential sharers view sharing as an iterated routine rather than a one-off.
Comment 5 by Gráinne Conole
Gráinne Conole
11:59am 8 July 2009 Permalink
@Phillip yes I agree and as we know you don't "get" social networking tools until you try them and more importantly until you become part of a community that is meaningful for you. I think we need to think of some clever ways to intice them into the space, to demonstrate to them the value. Not sure what those ways might be yet! Would be good for us to brainstorm!
Comment 6 by Gráinne Conole
Gráinne Conole
12:01pm 8 July 2009 Permalink
@AJCann totally agree - we need it to become an inherent part of people's daily practice, so that they dont see it as an added hassle but something seemless in their practice that they do as routine AND that they see value in.
Comment 7 by Giota Alevizou
Giota Alevizou
12:15pm 8 July 2009 Permalink
@Rebecca: "Sharing is also cultural and teachers are used to designing their learning in a vacuum". I tend to agree...I think there's an element of adaptability and adoption that is beyond altruism. Inscribed purpose is key. Maybe there can be also an aspect in LD that has to integrate peer-review focusing on support and feedback fostering both creativity and in professional development.
Comment 8 by Gráinne Conole
Gráinne Conole
12:31pm 8 July 2009 Permalink
@Giota @Rebecca whilst I agree with you that sharing is a cultural issue, I do think it is part of teachers inherent practice to share - ie the conversations teachers have during coffee breaks - "I did this great thing with my students yesterday...' - for me the trick is to mimic this, amplify it, harnessing web 2.0 tools and practice.
Comment 9 by Rebecca Galley
Rebecca Galley
12:41pm 8 July 2009 Permalink
@Grainne@Giota I think teachers talk over coffee less and less (except maybe in schools where there is still a staffroom) and anyway discussions too often focus on moaning about students...too depressing. However, this means there is potentially a gap in teacher experience here...an opportunity to share success and challenges.
Comment 10 by Rebecca Galley
Rebecca Galley
12:43pm 8 July 2009 Permalink
@AJCann What is the Prisoner's Dilemma?
Comment 11 by AJ Cann
Prisoner's Dilemma: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner's_Dilemma
Comment 12 by Will Reader
Will Reader
2:10pm 8 July 2009 Permalink
Hi all
Found this via a tweet from mweller. Prisoner's dilemma research is certainly relevant as is a load of other psycho-ecomoic research on public good games (e.g. Ernst Fehr's word) and social psychology research on social loafing (e.g. classic work by Latane, et al). Bob Kraut at (I think) CMU has also conducted research on cooperation/sharing using on-line forums.
Ways of encouraging sharing/cooperation.
Increase social relationships among participants (foster friendships -- they are less likely to default on one another).
Increase shared interests among the group (your success is my success, etc. see classic psychology work on Robber's Cave)
Reduce anonymity
There are probably others too but that's all I can remember for now :)
Comment 13 by Juliette Culver
Juliette Culver
2:45pm 8 July 2009 Permalink
I think it's interesting to look at what motivates people to participate in open source communities, open street map, wikipedia and so on. Although there may be some personal benefit, there's something going on beyond that which isn't purely social I think. For me contributing to open street map certainly isn't social for example.
Comment 14 by AJ Cann
@Will does "Reduce anonymity" imply reward building an online identity?
Comment 15 by Will Reader
Will Reader
5:05pm 8 July 2009 Permalink
@AJ Cann I would say it is more about building a reputation online as someone who shares/cooperates. It doesn't really matter so much if your online identity is the same as your 'real' one (whatever that means!) nor that you use your real name. I guess what matters is that your username is relatively stable over different interactions and (possibly) platforms so that your reputation (good or bad) goes with you.
@Juliette I suppose that status is a big driving force with opensource. Prestige-based status rather than dominance-based status: you gain status in your community by virtue of the quality of your contribution. I should have mentioned this one in my original list as its very important (perhaps preeminent). Again, it matters that you can be recognised as an individual to permit the development of a good reputation.
Comment 16 by Will Reader
Will Reader
5:10pm 8 July 2009 Permalink
@AJ Cann I would say it is more about building a reputation online as someone who shares/cooperates. It doesn't really matter so much if your online identity is the same as your 'real' one (whatever that means!) nor that you use your real name. I guess what matters is that your username is relatively stable over different interactions and (possibly) platforms so that your reputation (good or bad) goes with you.
@Juliette I suppose that status is a big driving force with opensource. Prestige-based status rather than dominance-based status: you gain status in your community by virtue of the quality of your contribution. I should have mentioned this one in my original list as its very important (perhaps preeminent). Again, it matters that you can be recognised as an individual to permit the development of a good reputation.
Comment 17 by Giota Alevizou
Giota Alevizou
2:04pm 9 July 2009 Permalink
@Grainne@Rebecca It will be interesting to gather data about teacher's experience in this respect. From my experience and from what I have read in the literature I can say that there's both sharing and moaning (which can be therapeutic).
Comment 18 by Giota Alevizou
Giota Alevizou
2:10pm 9 July 2009 Permalink
@Julliette @Will adding to reputation, prestige and status there's a lot of ideas about self-improvement, ethical production, cultural citizenship...and the list grows at least in OS Open content contexts...Some aspects are relevant for learning environments. It may be interesting to explore not only motivation for sharing, but also 'sharing performance' i.e. competition, selective sharing, etc...perhaps this relates with another question / cloud that I am about to set up: 'what are the barriers for sharing'?
Comment 19 by June Lee
@Giota I wonder if teacher confidence level may be a concern~ sometimes a lack of confidence in the quality of one's own lesson materials and ideas may result in a reluctance to share them -- they're good enough for my own use, but I'm embarrassed about telling the whole world what I am doing, or to tell me what a lousy job I'm doing.
How do we encourage peers to be more open to criticism and embrace peer review as a culture? Just my two cents'. :)
Comment 20 by Gráinne Conole
Gráinne Conole
11:38am 3 August 2009 Permalink
@June lee - I agree teachers lack of confidence over the designs is no doubt a key issue. But we somehow need to create a supportive culture where teachers feel its safe to share and where they get a benefit as a result of sharing. We are seeing this generally in web 2.0 practices just not totally yet for learning and teaching. For example I now on my blog will quite happily post a half completed paper because I know that although its not perfect people will accept the state its in and because I get valubale feedback on how to improve that. I wouldnt have dreamed of doing that 5 years ago! So I have changed my practive over time as I have seen the benefits of sharing and as I have become more confident in web 2.0 spaces.
Comment 21 by Giota Alevizou
Giota Alevizou
2:14pm 3 August 2009 Permalink
@Grainne @June Lee I think there are degrees of sharing and chosing what to share and with whom even in informal Web 2 social networking sites (at least). There're are lot of issues of granularity and stratification in sharing, publicising adding to the issue of lacking confidence... let along the issue of privacy and concerns that go beyond peer review and suggestions into assessment (professional assessment, major reviews...). Perhaps if we were to 'translate' social networking and peer reviewing that would foster a supportive culture in a teaching and learning context, the issue of confidence over quality in relation to eponymous/anonymous contributions, levels of participation in relation to educational contexts...closed or more open disciplinary / teaching communities... any thoughts?
Comment 22 by Giota Alevizou
Giota Alevizou
5:01pm 3 August 2009 Permalink
It would be interesting in deploying concepts from Gofman's self-representation in participatory learning environments. Gofman has been used widely for analysis of blogs and for other forms of web 2.0 mediation including representation and youth learning. It's worth exploring that in fostering learning designs for teaching environments? Again self-representation has a double meaning or it is doubly articulated in relation a)identity; b) [political/cultural] representation...
root reference: Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, New York,
Doubleday Anchor.
Comment 23 by Sukhtinder
2:21pm 7 September 2009 (Edited 2:22pm 7 September 2009) Permalink
Agree with you @Giota, there are personal and cultural boundaries that can affect sharing . We need to look at the nature and context of the environment that foster sharing. This can include scale of the audience; nature of topic discussed, risks involved and personal evaulation of 'what's in it' (investment) for the user.
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Fred Rogers was the host of the children's program Mr. Rogers Neighborhood for over 30 years. His message of kindness, love, empathy and wonder were presented in slow and contemplative style. We discuss his impact on generations of children and why it still resonates with us today.
Guests on the program are Deb Willsea, Founder and President of The Cape Cod Toy Library, and Marcia Pioppi Galazzi, Executive Director Emeritus of The Family Schools. Mindy Todd hosts.
The new documentary Won't You be My Neighbor opened in theatres earlier this month and will be screened at Cape Cinema in Dennis.
There will be a screening and panel discussion hosted by the Cape Cod Toy Library on June 20th from 6:00 to 9:00 at the Cape Cod Cinema.


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Chris Merritt in The Australian on Friday wrote these articles that will bring you up to speed on ongoing revelations that cast doubt on the soundness of the conviction of Allan Kessing: AFP under fire and Inquiry needed.
A week earlier Kessing's barrister Peter Lowe also wrote about the Prosecution's failure to bring relevant material to attention, identifying a broader issue:
The problem with disclosure of material in the possession of the CDPP (including AFP and Customs) is that there is no statutory basis in the federal sphere requiring disclosure.The CDPP has a Statement of Prosecution Disclosure, but it is only a guideline. It has no teeth. A breach of the guidelines is met with the feeble excuse: "We didn't know, because we weren't told about it." That is just not good enough. So where to from here? In June 2000, the standing committee of attorneys-general published a report about criminal trial reform and one of its proposals was that there should be no statutory basis requiring disclosure. Wisely, neither Western Australia nor Victoria followed that proposal and introduced laws requiring such disclosure. NSW followed suit, but its legislation is lame compared with the other two states. The commonwealth must introduce a statutory basis requiring disclosure. There should be no more excuses. A statutory basis requiring disclosure will minimise the potential for current and future miscarriages of justice. The time for the commonwealth to act is now.


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Archive for December 29th, 2016
Fordham FG-801 Function Generator Recalibration
Posted by Ed in Electronics Workbench on 2016-12-29
While I had the case open, I checked the FG-801's calibration:
Look at all those parts!
The raw filtered DC power supplies run a bit high and the output voltages & frequencies were off by a little, but not too much after all these years.
Page 11 of the instruction manual gives the setup and calibration adjustments (clicky for more dots):
Page 12 gives some values that should be true:
For whatever reason, the manual isn't available on The InterWebs, so here it is for your amusement:
Fordham FG-801 Sweep Function Generator – Instruction Manual.pdf


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Closely-Held Business Alert: Potential Scam re: Annual Reporting
Annual Reporting Notification by the Corporate Regulatory Committee
The Oregon Secretary of State recently published a notice that it has received numerous complaints of a potential scam aimed at Oregon business owners by a company operating under the name of the Corporate Regulatory Committee. Business owners report receiving correspondence from the Corporate Regulatory Committee, in which the "committee" insinuates that the business's annual report is due or delinquent, and offers to complete the filing for an inflated fee of $238.
If you have paid the Corporate Regulatory Committee to file your business's annual report, contact the Oregon Department of Justice, Financial Fraud and Consumer Protection Division at 503-378-4400 or the Oregon Secretary of State Corporate Division at 503-986-2200.
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The Online Writing Lab (OWL) is a great place for citiation information.
Creating a Works Cited Page
Citation Machine
The 5 W's
Finding, Evaluating, and Citing Information
Credible Sources Count
Critical Evaluation of a Web Site
Evaluating Web Site
You Quote It, You Note It!
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