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After a sexual assault or rape, victims are often subjected to scrutiny and, in some cases, mistreatment. Victims undergo medical examinations and are interviewed by police. If there is a criminal trial, victims suffer a loss of privacy and their credibility may be challenged. Victims may also become the target of slut-shaming, abuse, social stigmatization, sexual slurs and cyberbullying.[citation needed]
Various laws have been created with a motive to protect victims. During criminal proceedings, publication bans and rape shield laws protect victims from excessive public scrutiny. Laws may also prohibit defence lawyers from obtaining a victim's medical, psychiatric or therapeutic records. Statutory rape laws set the age of legal consent for sexual activity and prohibits perpetrators from alleging the victim consented to the activity. Victims in some jurisdictions can seek damages from police and institutions if warnings were not issued. Numerous victims' rights groups operate to improve the treatment of victims.[citation needed]
- 1 Examination and investigation of victim
- 2 Campus sexual assault victims
- 3 Sexual assault victims in the military
- 4 Sexual assault of prisoners
- 5 Publication bans, duty to warn and self-censorship
- 6 Financial costs
- 7 Conduct of legal proceedings
- 8 Post-assault social stigma, mistreatment and abuse
- 9 Victim support
- 10 Victims' rights
- 11 See also
- 12 References
- 13 External links
Examination and investigation of victimEdit
Medical examinationEdit
Following a rape, a victim may seek medical care and obtain a medical examination that obtains and preserves physical evidence. Examiners may collect fingernail scrapings and pluck head and pubic hairs.[1] If the facility has the means the examiner will also take photographs of genital injuries.[1] A 'rape kit' contains the items used by medical personnel for gathering and preserving physical evidence.
Many "rape kits" are untested because they are never submitted to crime labs or because crime labs have insufficient resources to test all of the submitted kits.[1][2][3] In the United States, national surveys of law enforcement agencies suggest there may be upwards of 200,000 untested rape kits.[4]
The Survivors' Bill of Rights Act of 2016 enacted by the United States federal government gives victims the right to:[5]
- request the preservation of sexual assault evidence collection kit or its probative contents;
- have the sexual assault evidence collection kit preserved, without charge, for the duration of the maximum applicable statute of limitations or 20 years, whichever is shorter; and
- be informed of any result of a sexual assault evidence collection kit, including a DNA profile match, toxicology report, or other information collected as part of a medical forensic examination, if the disclosure would not impede or compromise an ongoing investigation.[6]
Interview by policeEdit
As part of police investigations, victims are interviewed by police. The interview is usually recorded, and a transcript may be prepared.
If police believe the reported victim is making a false accusation of rape, they may interrogate that person as a suspect rather than a victim. In some cases, harsh questioning and social stigmatization has caused even actual victims of rape to recant and then be charged with making a false report.[7]
Confidentiality, harassment, smear campaigns and silencingEdit
In Canada, pursuant to sections 278.1 to 278.91 of the Criminal Code defence counsel are not allowed to obtain a victim's medical, psychiatric or therapeutic records .[8] The prohibition was found to be constitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada even though it limited the accused ability to provide a full answer and defence; see R. v Mills.
An accused may hire a private investigator to investigate and harass a victim. For example, according to the complaint in the civil lawsuit against Penn State University, Nate Parker hired a private investigator to investigate and harass an 18-year-old student. The student alleged she was raped by Parker and another student.[9][10][11] The harassment included exposing the victim's identity by posting enlarged photos of the victim around the university campus. The lawsuit against Penn State was settled for $17,500.[12] (Parker was found not guilty of the rape charges. The victim attempted to commit suicide 3 months after the assault[10] and committed suicide at age 30.)
Institutions may attempt to cover up sexual abuse, as seen in the Catholic Church sexual abuse cases. The movie Spotlight deals with the coverup of sexual abuse by Catholic priests.
Dennis Hastert allegedly promised to pay $5 million to his victim in exchange for agreeing not to discuss the sexual assaults.[13]
Authorities may fail to investigate allegations of sexual assault because the victims are perceived to be unreliable witnesses.[14] The BBC One miniseries Three Girls deals with the systematic sexual abuse of young girls by a group of older Asian men in Rochdale. Authorities were slow to respond even though more than 100 referrals were made to the police and social services.[14]
Harvey Weinstein dispatched defense lawyers and publicists to undermine the credibility of his accusers.[15]
Campus sexual assault victimsEdit
In the United States, various legislation, government agencies, and initiatives have been created to deal with campus sexual assault. These include:
- White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault
- Title IX requires schools receiving federal funds to protect students from gender-based violence and harassment – including sexual assault.[16] The Office for Civil Rights investigates Title IX sexual violence complaints.
- The Campus Accountability and Safety Act (CASA) is a United States bill to reform the sexual assault investigation process and protect victims. CASA includes a requirement that colleges and universities publish statistics relating to crime on their campuses.
- The Safe Campus Act is proposed U.S. legislation that would require schools to report allegations of sexual assault to law enforcement, but only if the victim consents. However, if the victim does not consent the statute prohibits schools from initiating their own internal disciplinary procedures.
The Hunting Ground is a critically acclaimed American documentary film about the incidence of sexual assault on college campuses in the United States. Its creators say college administrations are failing to respond adequately to claims of sexual assault, while its critics have countered that the film was based on misleading statistics and biased against the alleged perpetrator.
Sexual assault victims in the militaryEdit
Sexual assault in the military is more prevalent than outside of the military,[citation needed] and it is frequently under reported. In the United States, Sexual Assault Prevention Response (SAPR) is a training program designated to educate military service members and provide support and treatment to service members and their families. Individuals are assigned to a SAPR Advocate to assist them with the different treatment options that are available to them and to educate them about their rights.
Sexual assault of prisonersEdit
The Prison Rape Elimination Act is United States legislation enacted for the purpose of preventing sexual assaults in U.S. prisons. The legislation requires reporting and information gathering.
Publication bans, duty to warn and self-censorshipEdit
Bans on publishing the victim's nameEdit
In the United States, laws prohibiting the publication of a victim's name have been found to be unconstitutional and struck down.[17] In Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn 420 U.S. 469 (1975), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled a Georgia statute that imposed civil liability on media for publishing a rape victim's name was unconstitutional. The Court stated: "the First and Fourteenth Amendments command nothing less than that the States may not impose sanctions on the publication of truthful information contained in official court records open to public inspection." Also see Florida Star v. B. J. F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989) and State of Florida v. Globe Communications Corp., 648 So.2d 110 (Fla. 1994).
In Canada, the Canadian Press generally does not publish the names of alleged sexual assault victims without their consent.[18] In addition, a court order may operate to prohibit publication. Pursuant to paragraph 486.4(1)(a) of the Criminal Code, the court may make an order "directing that any information that could identify the complainant or a witness" not be published, broadcast or transmitted for any sexual offences.[19] The victim has the option of waiving the publication ban.
Bans on publishing names of accused juvenilesEdit
In cases where the accused is under 18 years of age, the court may impose a publication ban to protect the privacy of the offender.
After seventeen-year-old Savannah Dietrich pursued a case against two teenage boys for sexual assault, the court initially prohibited anyone from discussing the case. Dietrich was threatened by the accused to be found in contempt when she published the names of the perpetrators on social media, but the court then clarified that no "gag order" was in place.[20]
In Canada, the section 110 of the Youth Criminal Justice Act generally prohibits the publication of the name of the offender if the offender was under the age of 18 at the time of the offence.[21]
Duty to warn the publicEdit
The police, colleges and universities may be required to warn the public that a sexual assault has occurred. Women should be warned of the risk they face and have the opportunity to take any specific measures to protect themselves from future attacks.[22]
Victims of sexual assault may sue for damages if warnings are not issued. In 1998, a sexual assault victim successfully sued the Toronto police for their failure to warn her that a serial rapist was active in her neighbourhood.[23] The complainant in the Nate Parker case sued Pennsylvania State University for violating her Title IX rights.[10]
In the United States, the Clery Act imposes fines on colleges and universities that fail to warn students of criminal activity on or near campuses. The law is named after Jeanne Clery, a 19-year-old Lehigh University student who was raped and murdered in her campus hall of residence in 1986. In relation to the Jerry Sandusky sexual abuse scandal, U.S. federal investigators are seeking to fine Penn State University $2.4 million for failing to warn of threats to the campus.[24]
Censorship by travel websitesEdit
TripAdvisor apologized for repeatedly deleting forum posts about a resort where the victim had been raped by a security guard.[25]
Self-censorship is when publications or people self-censor themselves in order to withhold information to protect their image or avoid receiving backlash. Some instances include:
- Self-censorship because subject is distasteful – Newspapers may self-censor, choosing not to publish material about a sexual assault on the grounds that the subject is distasteful. For example, there were complaints when The Des Moines Register published stories about the rape of Nancy Ziegenmeyer. One reader complained:
- The disgusting and degrading details of Nancy Ziegenmeyer's rape have no place in a family newspaper the caliber of The Register.[26]
- Self-censorship because of ethnicity of the accused – Publication of information regarding sexual assaults may be suppressed because of fears of being thought racist.[27] A 2006 report regarding the child sexual assaults in Rotherham, England stated: "It is believed by a number of workers that one of the difficulties that prevent this issue [child sexual exploitation] being dealt with effectively is the ethnicity of the main perpetrators."[27][28]
- With respect to the Rochdale child sex abuse ring, it was suggested that police and social work departments failed to act when details of the gang emerged for fear of appearing racist, and vulnerable white teenagers being groomed by Pakistani men were ignored.
- There were allegations of racist motivations with respect to the Sydney gang rapes. In 2000, there were a series of gang rapes committed by Lebanese-Australian youths.
- Reporting the race of the perpetrator because of concerns about perpetuating stereotypes was a sensitive issue with respect to media coverage of the rape of Nancy Ziegenmeyer.[26]
- In 2016, Mississauga Mayor Bonnie Crombie filed a hate-crime complaint regarding an article about sexual assaults of high school girls.[29][30]
- Self-censorship because "women would become hysterical" – In 1998, the Toronto police did not issue warnings regarding a serial rapist "because women would become hysterical or panic" and "the rapist would flee and the investigation would be compromised".[31] The Toronto police were ultimately found liable for damages for failing to issue warnings.
- Self-censorship to avoid harming international relations – Korea has agreed to refrain from criticising Japan over the issue of comfort women. During World War II, many Korean women were forced to be the sex slaves of members of the Japanese military.[32]
- Self-censorship to avoid deportation and intimidation using "rape trees" – Sexual assaults of illegal immigrants are rarely reported as the victims fear they may be deported after coming forward. Women often seek out birth control methods to prevent pregnancy from anticipated sexual assaults.[33]
- Rape trees are trees or bushes that mark where sexual assaults have occurred by arranging the victim's undergarments on or around the trees branches or on the ground.[34] "Rape trees" are commonly and increasingly found along the United States and Mexico border.[35][36] The rape trees serve to intimidate illegal immigrants by suggesting the perpetrators are able to commit acts of violence with impunity.
Financial costsEdit
Victims may incur various financial costs because of the sexual assault; for example, costs related to moving (to get away from the perpetrator), a new mattress, legal fees, lost wages, lost tuition fees, new clothing, therapy and medication.[37]
Conduct of legal proceedingsEdit
Statutes of limitationsEdit
A statute of limitations law may preclude a victim from pressing criminal charges if too many years have passed since the assault occurred. Limitations periods vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. For example, in Pennsylvania charges must be filed within 12 years of the assault.[38]
Statutory rapeEdit
Statutory rape is sexual activity in which one of the individuals is below the age of consent. The age of consent is the age at which a young person is capable of consenting to sexual activity.[39] These laws were enacted to recognize the inherent power imbalance between adults and children and that children are incapable of giving true consent to sexual acts with adults. The laws protect children from undue influence, persuasion and manipulation.
In 2016, the Government of Turkey proposed legislation that would overturn a man's conviction for child sex assault if they married their victim.[40]
Defence counsel may argue the victim consented to the sexual activity. Determining if the victim consented can be problematic when the victim is intoxicated. A Nova Scotia court found there was no sexual assault because the prosecution could not prove the sexual activity was non-consensual. In that case, the sexual activity occurred in the back of a taxi cab between a taxi driver and an intoxicated customer.[41]
In 2011, Cindy Gladue bled to death from an 11-centimetre cut in her vagina. At trial, the accused said Ms. Gladue died after a night of consensual, rough sex in an Edmonton motel. He was acquitted. The case is being appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada. [42]
Discrepancies between the victim's statements to police and other evidence are grounds for the defence lawyer to impeach the credibility of the victim.
In investigations involving acquaintance or date rape, the electronic communications between the accused and the victim may be reviewed in order to determine if the victim consented to the sexual activity.[43]
In People v. Jovanovic, the New York appeals court determined that emails from the alleged victim should be included in evidence and that the rape shield law did not apply. The alleged victim had written about her sadomasochistic interests and experiences.
In Canada, a defense lawyer may be allowed to obtain copies of the victim's e-mails and other private documents using a legal procedure called a third-party records application.[44]
Rape shield lawsEdit
In Australia,[45] Canada and the United States, the prior sexual history of the victim is generally not admissible as evidence during a criminal proceeding. These laws are referred to as rape shield laws.
In Canada, the constitutionality of the rape shield law was challenged on the grounds that it hampers a defendant's ability to present a defence. The law was found to be constitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada: see R v Darrach.
Victim representationEdit
In Canadian criminal proceedings, the Crown prosecutor does not act on behalf of the victim and is not the victim's lawyer.[46]
29. Who represents the victim during the trial? Should I get a lawyer to ensure that my rights are met during the trial?
Crown counsel is not and can never function as the victim's lawyer. Although the Crown appears to be representing the interests of the victim, the Crown is the lawyer for the Queen and the government during the trial. In Canadian criminal cases, the harm is perceived to have been committed against the State. This is why cases are referred to as Regina v. Smith (or R. v. Smith), Regina being the Queen in Latin. The Crown is truly representing the society, of which you are a part.[47]
Sexual assault cases commonly involve multiple complainants. In these cases, the defence is likely to apply for separate trials for each offence. Joinder of multiple counts is only permitted in certain circumstances.
The decision to have separate trials is discretionary and is exercised in order to prevent prejudice to the defendant. The threshold question for holding a joint trial is whether or not each complainant's evidence will be admissible in respect of the charges involving the other complainants (that is, whether such evidence is 'cross-admissible'). Decisions to hold separate trials or refuse to admit relevant tendency or propensity evidence about a defendant's sexual behaviour can be seen as barriers to the successful prosecution of sex offences.[48]
The sexual assault charges against Jian Ghomeshi involved multiple complainants and were dealt with in two separate proceedings.[49] The second trial did not proceed after Ghomeshi agreed to issue an apology.[50]
A victim of sexual assault may be subjected to speculative allegations of wrongdoing during cross-examination. For example, in R. v. Sofyan Boalag[51] the defence lawyer asserted during the cross-examination that the victim was in fact asking for money in exchange for sex.[52] In that case, the accused was convicted of 13 criminal offences involving six victims including multiple sexual assaults at knife point.[51]
A victim's alcohol consumption at the time of the assault may undermine the victim's ability to remember the assault and his or her ability to provide credible testimony. As noted by Justice Zuker of the Ontario Court of Justice:
[414] What makes someone a perfect target in the context of alcohol-facilitated sexual assaults may make that person a poor witness in any ensuing proceedings due to his or her inability to remember part or all of what happened.
[415] One of the more challenging (and ever-present) issues to evaluate in sexual assault is the question of consent. Sexual assaults may involve alcohol consumption by one or both parties. Frequently, parties to an incident will have limited or no memory of the events in question, and the court will be required to obtain and evaluate information provided by other witnesses or other corroborating evidence.[53]
During cross examination a victim's attire may be scrutinized and they may be accused of wearing revealing clothing. For example, a Toronto woman, who alleged she was sexually assaulted by three police officers after a party, was asked about her choice of wearing a top described as "really low cut with open sleeves" to a party mostly attended by "young men ... who would be drinking."[54]
During cross-examination, a victim's criminal record may be noted in order to impeach their credibility. This tactic was unsuccessfully used in the trial of Daniel Holtzclaw.[55]
Victims of sexual assault are often subjected to social stigma. The victim may be subject to inappropriate post-assault behaviour or language by medical personnel or other organizations.[56]Slut-shaming is the practice of blaming the victim for rape and other forms of sexual assault. It rests on the idea that sexual assault is caused (either in part or in full) by the woman wearing revealing clothing or acting in a sexually provocative manner, before refusing consent to sex,[57] and thereby absolving the perpetrator of guilt.
In 2016, Indian politicians suggested that women's clothing choices could invite sexual assault. The comments were made after a number of women were molested at a New Year's Eve party in Bangalore.[58] On the U.S. television program The View, Joy Behar referred to Bill Clinton's sexual assault accusers as "tramps"; Behar apologized for the sexual slur shortly afterwards.[59][60][61][62]
The SlutWalk challenges the idea of explaining or excusing rape by referring to any aspect of a woman's appearance. The SlutWalk was created in response to comments by a Toronto Police officer who said: "I've been told I'm not supposed to say this – however, women should avoid dressing like sluts in order not to be victimized."[57][63]
Sexual assault victims may stay away from work in order to avoid contact with the perpetrator. For example, Caroline Lamarre, an office worker who was sexually assaulted at work, has not returned to work in order to avoid contact with her assailant. The assailant was convicted of sexual assault.[64]
Victims of sexual assault may be subjected to cyberbullying, as in the case of the suicide of Audrie Pott, suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons and sexual assault of Savannah Dietrich. The Netflix documentary Audrie & Daisy is about two American high school students who were sexually assaulted by other students. At the time they were assaulted, Audrie Pott was 15 and Daisy Coleman was 14 years old. After the assaults, the victims and their families were subjected to abuse and cyberbullying. [65]
The movie Taking Back My Life: The Nancy Ziegenmeyer Story is the true story of Nancy Ziegenmeyer, an Iowa resident who was raped in 1991. Her story was groundbreaking because she spoke openly about her experiences including her interactions with hospital staff, the police, prosecutors, the accused, and the criminal justice system.[26][66] The Des Moines Register won the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service in 1991 for publishing the story of Nancy Ziegenmeyer's sexual assault. At the time the article was published it was unusual to publish the victim's name.[67] Ziegenmeyer wrote a book, Taking Back My Life, to encourage women to seek help after they've been victimized.[68]
The movie Share (2019 film) is a story about a 16-year old girl who is sexually assaulted by boys from her high school and a video of the assault is circulated. The film premiered at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival.
Many celebrities have publicly supported and contributed to making a difference on how victims of sexual assault are perceived. Law & Order: SVU actress, Mariska Hargitay, has dedicated her life to making a difference in society's views. After gaining her fame playing Olivia Benson, she began receiving letters from fans disclosing their sexual assault stories. This inspired her to start her own nonprofit titled Joyful Heart Foundation. This organization provides resources and support to survivors, while trying to change society's response to assault, and end the violence all together.[69] Hargitay puts an emphasis on the fact that anyone can be targeted, and, no matter who they are, they deserve to be treated the same. She stated that while the United States has made progress, we need to not put blame on the victims, no matter the gender.[70]
In many cultures, rape victims are at very high risk of suffering additional violence or threats of violence after the rape. These acts may be perpetrated by the rapist or by friends and relatives of the rapist as a way of preventing the victims from reporting the rape, of punishing them for reporting it, or of forcing them to withdraw the complaint. In addition, the relatives of the victim may threaten the victim as a punishment for "bringing shame" to the family. This is especially the case in cultures where female virginity is highly valued and considered mandatory before marriage; in extreme cases, rape victims are killed in honor killings.[71][72][73]
In some countries, girls and women who are raped are forced by their families to marry their rapist. A marriage is arranged because victims are deemed to have their "reputation" tarnished. There is extreme social stigma related to being the victim of rape and the loss of virginity. Marriage is claimed to be advantageous for both the victim—who does not remain unmarried and doesn't lose social status—and of the rapist, who avoids punishment.
In 2012, the suicide of a 16-year-old Moroccan girl—who, after having been forced by her family to marry her rapist at the suggestion of the prosecutor, and who subsequently endured abuse by the rapist after they married—sparked protests from activists against the law which allows the rapist to marry the victim in order to escape criminal sanctions, and against this social practice which is common in Morocco.[74]
In 2016, the government of Turkey introduced legislation which would overturn a man's conviction for child sex assault if he married his victim.[75]
Victim supportEdit
Victims often receive support from the community and other victims. For example, when Nancy Ziegenmeyer went public regarding her experience, "she was inundated with letters and phone calls of support, thanks and praise for her courage in going public. Many of the letters were from women who had been raped and had lived with their secrets, often telling no one, often blaming themselves."[76]
Victims' rightsEdit
In the United Kingdom, the Giving Victims a Voice report was published in response to allegations of sexual abuse made against English DJ and BBC Television presenter Jimmy Savile. The Director of Public Prosecutions described the report as marking a "watershed moment" and apologised for "shortcomings" in the handling of prior abuse claims. The report's publication resulted in some highlighting what could be systemic failure because of the number of complainants and institutions identified, but others criticised it for treating allegations as facts.
In the United States, the Crime Victims' Rights Act grants rights to victims including the right to be reasonably protected from the accused. Similarly, in Canada the Canadian Victims Bill of Rights provides rights to victims.[77]
There are victims' rights groups. Rise is an NGO working to implement a bill of rights for sexual assault victims. The Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN) is an American group which carries out programs to prevent sexual assault, help victims, and to ensure that rapists are brought to justice. The Victim Rights Law Center is an American non-profit organization that provides free legal services to victims of rape and sexual assault. In the United States, the Office on Violence Against Women works to administer justice and strengthen services for victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking. In South Africa, People Opposing Women Abuse (POWA) is a women's rights organisation that provides services and engages in advocacy to promote women's rights and improve women's quality of life.[78]
See alsoEdit
- ^ a b c Campbell, Rebecca; Feeney, Hannah; Fehler-Cabral, Giannina; Shaw, Jessica; Horsford, Sheena (December 23, 2015). "The National Problem of Untested Sexual Assault Kits (SAKs): Scope, Causes, and Future Directions for Research, Policy, and Practice". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 18 (4): 363–376. doi:10.1177/1524838015622436. PMID 26698602.
- ^ "Addressing the Rape Kit Backlog". Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network. RAINN. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^ Campbell, R.; Feeney, H.; Pierce, S. J.; Sharma, D. B.; Fehler-Cabral, G. (March 27, 2016). "Tested at Last: How DNA Evidence in Untested Rape Kits Can Identify Offenders and Serial Sexual Assaults". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 33 (24): 3792–3814. doi:10.1177/0886260516639585. ISSN 1552-6518. PMID 27021733.
- ^ Campbell, Rebecca (March 27, 2016). "Tested at Last How DNA Evidence in Untested Rape Kits Can Identify Offenders and Serial Sexual Assaults". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 33 (24): 3792–3814. doi:10.1177/0886260516639585. PMID 27021733.
Large numbers of untested SAKs have been found in cities throughout the United States, including New York City (~16,000), Los Angeles (~13,000), Memphis (~12,000), Detroit (~11,000), Houston (~6,000), Dallas (~4,000), and Cleveland (~4,000; see Campbell, Feeney, et al., 2015).
- ^ "H.R.5578 - Survivors' Bill of Rights Act of 2016". United States Congress. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
- ^ "H.R.5578 - Survivors' Bill of Rights Act of 2016". Chapter 238 - Section 3772: United States Congress. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
- ^ Miller, T. Christian (2018). A False Report: A True Story of Rape in America. ISBN 978-1524759933.
- ^ "Section 278.1 - Criminal Code of Canada". Government of Canada. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
- ^ Kate Briquelet; M.L. Nestel (August 16, 2016). "Inside the Nate Parker Rape Case". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- ^ a b c "Jane Doe vs. Pennsylvania State University (4.02-cv-00369.JEJ)" (PDF). Deadline Hollywood. March 6, 2002. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- ^ Jacqueline Williams; Serge F. Kovalesk (October 28, 2016). "Nate Parker's Past Surfaces in Prosecutors' Investigation of Penn State". New York Times. New York Times. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
- ^ Mike Millar. "Nate Parker Told Rape Accuser 'You Put Yourself in That Situation' and More Shocking Details from the 1999 Case". People Magazine. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ^ Christy Gutowski (October 14, 2016). "Judge may rule whether lawsuit filed by Dennis Hastert victim can proceed". Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune.
- ^ a b "Three Girls: who is Sara Rowbotham? The sexual health worker behind the uncovering of the Rochdale child-abuse scandal". The Telegraph. May 23, 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
- ^ Haag, Matthew (May 2, 2018). "Harvey Weinstein Accused in Lawsuit of Sexually Assaulting Producer for Years". New York Times. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
- ^ "Title IX and Sexual Violence in Schools". American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ New Directions from the Field: Victims Rights and Services for the 21st Century (Chapter 13), accessed October 16, 2012.
- ^ "Alleged victim in Quebec politician sex assault case speaks". The Canadian Press. October 21, 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ "Paragraph 486.4 of Criminal Code of Canada". Department of Justice (Canada). Government of Canada. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ Plait, Phil (2012-07-23). "Savannah Dietrich outs her rapists on Twitter and Facebook". Slate.com. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
- ^ "Youth Criminal Justice Act". Government of Canada. p. Section 110. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ^ Justice Macfarland (July 3, 1998). "Doe v. Metropolitan Toronto (Municipality) Commissioners of Police, 1998 CanLII 14826 (ON SC)". Ontario Court (General Division). Retrieved 18 October 2016.
Ms. Doe brings a suit against the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force (hereafter referred to as MTPF) on two bases; firstly she suggests that the MTPF conducted a negligent investigation in relation to the balcony rapist and failed to warn women whom they knew to be potential targets of Callow of the fact that they were at risk. She says, as the result of such conduct, Callow was not apprehended as early as he might otherwise have been and she was denied the opportunity, had she known the risk she faced, to take any specific measures to protect herself from attack.
- ^ "Jane Doe v. Metropolitan Toronto (Municipality) Commissioners of Police". Ontario Court (General Division). Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- ^ Nick Anderson (November 3, 2016). "Feds seek record $2.4 million fine against Penn State in Sandusky scandal". Washington Post. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- ^ Karen Schwartz. "TripAdvisor to flag hotels where sexual assault occurred". Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
- ^ a b c David Margolick (March 25, 1990). "A Name, a Face and a Rape: Iowa Victim Tells Her Story". New York Times. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
- ^ a b Katie Hall (August 27, 2014). "Real or imagined: Racism 'fear' over Rotherham child abuse". BBC News Online. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
- ^ Alexis Jay OBE. "Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham (1997 – 2013)". Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council. p. 2. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
By far the majority of perpetrators were described as 'Asian' by victims, yet throughout the entire period, councillors did not engage directly with the Pakistani-heritage community to discuss how best they could jointly address the issue. Some councillors seemed to think it was a one-off problem, which they hoped would go away. Several staff described their nervousness about identifying the ethnic origins of perpetrators for fear of being thought racist; others remembered clear direction from their managers not to do so.
- ^ San Grewal (October 9, 2016). "Mississauga mayor files hate-crime complaint after inflammatory article". Toronto Star. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
- ^ "Bonnie Crombie weighs legal options after local news site makes allegations against her, Muslim community". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- ^ Justice MacFarland (July 3, 1998). "Doe v. Metropolitan Toronto (Municipality) Commissioners of Police, 1998 CanLII 14826 (ON SC)". www.Canlii.org. Ontario Court (General Division). Retrieved 18 October 2016.
Sergeant Cameron indicated, I find, that it was not the practice to issue warnings in such cases because women would become hysterical or panic (I do not see any real difference which word he used, the meaning is the same), the rapist would flee and the investigation would be compromised. Of course it was not true that it was not the policy of the MTPF to issue warnings in such cases because it had been done in the Dawson Davidson case -- just months earlier and in the very same division.
- ^ Associated Press (January 8, 2017). "Buddhist monk sets himself on fire in South Korea over 'comfort women' deal". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
- ^ Joffe-Block, Jude (31 March 2014). "Women crossing the U.S. border face sexual assault with little protection". PBS. Fronteras. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Fox, Lauren. "The Watch". U.S. News & World Report.
- ^ Rosario, Marielo (March 11, 2009). ""Rape Trees" Found Along Southern US Border". Latina. LATINA MEDIA VENTURES. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
'Rape trees' are popping up in Southern Arizona and their significance is horrific.
- ^ Wilkinson, Tracy (July 5, 2014). "Central American migrants on word-of-mouth exodus to U.S." seattletimes.com. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ "Court to hear appeal in Mandi Gray sex assault case". Toronto Star. March 14, 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ^ Sydney Ember; Graham Bowley (November 7, 2016). "After Bill Cosby, States Shift on Statutes of Limitations in Sexual Assault Cases". New York Times. New York Times. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ "Queen v. Omar Abdallah Hajar". Para. 30: Alberta Court of Appeal. July 17, 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ^ AFP in Turkey (November 16, 2016). "Turkish bill to clear men of child sex assault if they marry their victims". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
- ^ Michael Gorman (March 7, 2017). "Crown appeals acquittal in taxi sex assault case where judge said 'drunk can consent'". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
- ^ Chris Purdy (October 9, 2018). "Supreme Court to hear questions in case of Ontario trucker acquitted in death of Edmonton woman". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ Justice Zuker. "R. v. Ururyar - Ontario Court of Justice". www.Canlii.org. Paragraphs 52 to 55: Ontario Court of Justice. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ Sarah Boesveld (February 10, 2016). "How did Ghomeshi's defence get hold of 5,000 messages between complainants?". Chatelaine. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ Australian Government: ALRC: 20. Matters Outside the Uniform Evidence Acts - Rape shield laws
- ^ "A Victim's Guide to the Canadian Criminal Justice System: Questions and Answers" (PDF). Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ "A Victim's Guide to the Canadian Criminal Justice System: Questions and Answers" (PDF). Canadian Resource Centre for Victims of Crime. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ "Family Violence—A National Legal Response". Section 26 - Joint or separate trial: Government of Australia - Law Reform Commission. 2010-11-11. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ Mark Gollom (March 24, 2016). "Jian Ghomeshi found not guilty on choking and all sex assault charges". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ^ "CBC apologizes to Kathryn Borel over handling of Jian Ghomeshi complaint". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. May 11, 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
- ^ a b "R. v Sofyan Boalag". www.Canlii.org. Paragraph 105: Provincial Court of Newfoundland and Labrador. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ Rosie Mullaley (June 13, 2016). "This man raped me". The Telegram. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ "R. v. Ururyar - Ontario Court of Justice 2016 448". www.Canlii.org. Paragraphs 414 and 415: Ontario Superior Court of Justice. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ^ Trevor Dunn (June 8, 2017). "Complainant denies defence's claim she wanted sex with Toronto officers accused of assaulting her". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
- ^ "Jury convicts ex-Oklahoma cop Daniel Holtzclaw of rape, sodomy charges; faces life in prison". Daily News. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- ^ Campbell R, Raja S (1999). "Secondary victimization of rape victims: insights from mental health professionals who treat survivors of violence". Violence Vict. 14 (3): 261–75. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.14.3.261. PMID 10606433.
- ^ a b McCormack, Clare; Prostran, Nevena (2012). "Asking for it: a first-hand account from slutwalk". International Feminist Journal of Politics. 14 (3): 410–414. doi:10.1080/14616742.2012.699777.
- ^ Amy Wang (January 4, 2017). "Indian politicians cause outrage after blaming alleged groping on women's 'Western' clothes". Washington Post. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ "October 10, 2016 Episode of The View". Youtube.com. October 10, 2016. pp. 21:04 Minutes:Seconds and 22:00. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
- ^ "The View host Joy Behar apologises for calling Bill Clinton accusers "tramps" on TV after sparking backlash". Mirror (UK). October 12, 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "Joy Behar sorry for calling Bill Clinton accusers 'tramps' on 'The View'". FoxNews.com. October 11, 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ "October 11, 2016 Episode - The View". YouTube. October 11, 2016. pp. 0:36 Minutes:Seconds. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
- ^ Rush, Curtis (February 18, 2011). "Cop apologizes for 'sluts' remark at law school". Toronto Star. Toronto. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- ^ "Convicted of sexual assault, Quebec mayor still presides while victim 'becomes the villain'". National Post. February 28, 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ Nosheen Iqbal (September 19, 2016). "Audrie and Daisy: an unflinching account of high-school sexual assault". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
- ^ Catharine Reeve (February 23, 1992). "Taking Back Her Life - Public Disclosure Helps One Victim Of Rape Become A Survivor". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
- ^ "The 1991 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Public Service". Pulitzer.ort. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
- ^ "Nancy Ziegenmeyer Interview". CharlieRose.com. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
- ^ www.joyfulheartfoundation.org http://www.joyfulheartfoundation.org/. Retrieved 2019-06-29. Missing or empty
- ^ Gorrell, Michael Gorrell (2011). "E-books on EBSCOhost: Combining NetLibrary E-books with the EBSCOhost Platform". Information Standards Quarterly. 23 (2): 31. doi:10.3789/isqv23n2.2011.07. ISSN 1041-0031.
- ^ "Rape victim threatened to withdraw case in UP". Zeenews.india.com. 2011-03-19. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
- ^ "Stigmatization of Rape & Honor Killings". WISE Muslim Women. 2002-01-31. Archived from the original on 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
- ^ Harter, Pascale (2011-06-14). "BBC News - Libya rape victims 'face honour killings'". BBC News. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
- ^ "BBC News — Morocco protest after raped Amina Filali kills herself". BBC News. 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
- ^ "Fury at Turkish bill to clear men of child sex assault if they marry victims". The Guardian. November 22, 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Catharine Reeve (February 23, 1992). "Taking Back Her Life - Public Disclosure Helps One Victim Of Rape Become A Survivor". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
- ^ "Canadian Victims Bill of Rights". Government of Canada. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- ^ "People Opposing Women Abuse website". Retrieved 13 November 2016.


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Best Honda Tyres
JAX Tyres supplies and fits quality tyres for all Honda vehicles. To find the right tyres for your Honda browse the models below or use the tyres search form. Need more help in choosing the best tyres for your Honda Get in touch with your nearest JAX tyre store.

subset: commoncrawl


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Review: 'Dark Longing' by Aja James
Dark Longingby Aja James
Series: Pure/Dark Ones #2
Published by Self-Published on January 18, 2018
Genres: Paranormal Romance
Pages: 335
Format: eBook
Source: Kindle Unlimited
Amazon Kindle | Amazon Paperback
"Every story has more than one side, like a crystal that captures and reflects different colors of light. Do not take for granted what you think you know, for until you hold the entire jewel in your palm, the temptation is to fall prey to illusion and deception."
This is a story of the Dark Ones…
Inanna: the vampire warrior
Known as the Angel of Death among her kind, she has lived millennia alone, one of the remaining True Bloods in existence, unconsciously longing for the one male she could never have.
Gabriel: the forbidden human
His soul recognizes hers from the first encounter. With the first touch, he is awakened. Though he does not know it, he has been searching for her across the ages.
But even as they are finally reunited, their love faces seemingly impossible odds. Will history repeat itself or will they break all the rules and chart a new course together?
My Review Continue reading
Review: 'Pure Healing' by Aja James
Pure Healingby Aja James
Series: Pure/Dark Ones #1
Published by Self-Published on May 4, 2012
Genres: Paranormal Romance
Pages: 334
Format: eBook
Source: Purchased
Amazon Kindle | Amazon Paperback | Audible
In the world of Pure Ones, where sexual intercourse with anyone other than one's Eternal Mate leads to a slow, painful death within thirty days, love comes with the warning label "fall at your own peril"… Rain: the Healer
From the first time she beheld him, she yearned to sooth his pain and torment and nurtured a secret, selfish desire – to have him for her very own…
Valerius: the Protector
Despite their instant attraction, he has staunchly avoided applying to be the Healer's Consort, haunted by the brutality and violence of his past…
As the decadal Phoenix Rite draws near, as threats from their vampire nemesis intensify, Rain and Valerius must decide whether they let their histories and duties dictate their destiny or whether they risk all for a chance at everlasting love.
My Review Continue reading


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UK intelligence service MI5 reviewing practices after Manchester attack
[LONDON] Britain said on Monday intelligence service MI5 was reviewing its processes following a suicide bomb attack which killed 22 people in Manchester, as questions continue over how much the authorities knew about the assailant.
MI5 has launched two urgent inquiries into how it missed the danger posed by bomber Salman Abedi, the Guardian newspaper reported. The BBC said MI5 was alerted at least three times to his "extremist views".
A source had told Reuters last week that Abedi was one of "a larger pool of former subjects of interest" whose risk remained subject to review by MI5 and its partners.
Interior minister Amber Rudd declined to comment on exactly what was known about Abedi when asked in several interviews on Monday. But in a highly unusual move for British authorities, she confirmed that MI5 was reviewing its practices.
"I do think it is right that MI5 take a look at their processes to ensure that they work to the best of the possible limits to make sure that we keep people safe," she told BBC television.
Earlier, police made a 16th arrest in connection with the Manchester suicide bombing at a concert by US singer Ariana Grande, the deadliest attack in Britain for 12 years.
Britons head to the polls in 10 days' time to elect a new government. Prime Minister Theresa May's Conservatives have seen their poll lead cut in the wake of the attack and after a U-turn over their social care plans for the elderly.
Surveys suggest Mrs May - who as a former interior minister oversaw the police and domestic intelligence agency - might not win the landslide predicted just a month ago.


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These cookies are required for basic site functionality and are therefore always enabled. These include cookies that allow you to be remembered as you explore the site within a single session or, if you request, from session to session. They help make the shopping cart and checkout process possible as well as assist in security issues and conforming to regulations.
These cookies allow us to improve the site's functionality by tracking usage on this website. In some cases these cookies improve the speed with which we can process your request, allow us to remember site preferences you've selected. De-selecting these cookies may result in poorly-tailored recommendations and slow site performance.
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Optimise your airflow in the flowy NikeCourt Tank. All-over mesh breathes and moves with you, while a built-in sports bra helps keep the tank in place during fast volleys and quick hits.
Optimise your airflow in the flowy NikeCourt Tank. All-over mesh breathes and moves with you, while a built-in sports bra helps keep the tank in place during fast volleys and quick hits.
Breathable Construction
Lightweight, stretchy mesh lets out extra heat while you run the court. Open-hole mesh at the waist adds extra ventilation.
Versatile Comfort
The 2-in-1 design features a built-in sports bra to reduce layers and help secure your fit.
City Details
Graphics are inspired by the torn posters found on walls throughout New York City.
Product Details
Free standard delivery with your NikePlus account.
Some Exclusions Apply. Learn more about Nike.com delivery options and returns policy.
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Lavender Essential Oil - 4 oz - SALE ITEM
Product DetailsSKU: EOIL-LAVENDER-CONE-4OZ UPC: 812841021232 Uses: Our Lavender Essential Oil is compounded to give the best lavender aroma. For use in massage, aromatic and other therapies; soaps, lotions, creams, cosmetics, sachets and other pot pourri. Not for internal use. See GCMS for components (100 % natural - no synthetics).
Shipping Restrictions: AIR SHIPMENT PROHIBITED
- AIR SHIPMENT PROHIBITED -> Can only be shipped to USA 48 Contiguous States
- ORM-D -> Can only be shipped to USA 48 Contiguous States
- ORM-D FREE SHIP -> Can only be shipped to USA States and USA Territories
Botanical Name: Lavendula Officinalis Country of Origin: France Volume: 4 fl oz Extraction Method: Steam Distillation Plant Part: Flower CAS #: 84776-65-8 Flash Point (°C): 78 Harmonized Code: 3301295118 Net Weight (lb.): .5 SDS/MSDS Link: http://essentialdepot.com/msds/Essential-Oils/SDS_Lavendula_Officinalis.pdf C.O.A. / G.C. Link: https://essentialdepot.com/gc/EdLavender.jpg Ayurvedic Blog: http://ayurvedicoils.com/ayurvedic-essential-oils_ayurvedic-benefits-of-lavender-essential-oil_244.html Essential Oil Blog: http://essentialoil.net/ Greener Life Products: https://greenerlifeclub.com/product-directory/ Kosher: Yes
Lavender Essential Oil - 4oz
Aromatic Summary / Note / Strength of Aroma: A top note of strong aroma, Lavendula Officinalis has a fresh, herbaceous, floral scent with a woody, balsamic undertone.
Blends With: Bay, Bergamot, Chamomile, Citronella, Clary Sage, Geranium, Jasmine, Lemon, Mandarin, Orange, Palmarosa, Patchouli, Pine, Thyme, Rosemary, Rosewood and Ylang-ylang.
The Lavender plant grows to about one meter in height and produces long thin purple- blue flowers. The entire plant is covered with oil glands, which are in the star shaped hairs that cover the plant. Lavender has been used since ancient times, and the Romans added lavender to their bath water, hence the name from the Latin lavare, 'to wash'. Our Lavendula Officinalis has 100% natural constituents and is often the Lavender of choice for soaps, candles, perfumes and cosmetics.
Cautions: Dilute before use; for external use only. May cause skin irritation in some individuals; a skin test is recommended prior to use. Contact with eyes should be avoided.
Greener Life Diamond Details
Carbon Footprint:Pending Animal Friendly:Pending Bio Healthy:Pending Fair Trade:Pending
RED (Revolutionary Essential Depot) Soap Making Products on Special - Click Here
Join the "Greener Life Club". Secure an additional 20% discount on all Essential Depot products and promote "Greener Life Products"
CLICK HERE TO SEE Video Footage of Dr. Kevin Dunn, Professor of Chemistry at Hampden-Sydney College, discussing the GC testing of Essential Oils for authenticity.
Essential Depot promotes their products for them at => http://greenerlifeclub.com/product-directory/
Watch the video below to see "Greener Life Club Members" at the Essential Depot Wine Soap Bar attending one of our retreats discovering the "Secrets of Soap Making".


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Design and implement architecture of knowledge based system to identify water quality for irrigation in the Indian context
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Quality parameters of importance in agricultural use
- Architecture of intelligent KBS to identify water quality for irrigation
- User interface
- Interface engines
- Knowledge base
- Development of KBS for identifying water quality for irrigation
- Web user interface
- Mobile based user interface
- Conclusion
- References
Planning and management of water resources and its optimal use are a matter of urgency for most countries of the world, and even more so for India with a huge population and the need for increased food production is apparent. The suitability of water for irrigation will greatly depend on climatic conditions, physical and chemical properties of soil, salt tolerance of crop grown etc. Also, water plays an important role throughout the food chain, from farms, to food processing plants and finally to consumers' health. It is, therefore, crucial to examine all potential hazards related to the use of water for irrigation by providing knowledge to environment people, planers, researchers and scientists, farmers etc. As knowledge oriented tool, Knowledge Based system can be effectively used for assessing quality of water and thus helps in nation's development. The objective of this paper is to develop working model for better functioning of the specific agro-ecosystem by examining quality and evaluating the quality of water used for irrigation in the area.
[...] http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org Table Quality criteria for irrigation water Class of irrigation Water Can be Can be Good used with used caution 250-750 142-249 25- 249-426 50 >100 or > 426-710 Quality Criteria Electrical Conductivity dS/m Chlorides mg/l BOD5 Suspended solids pH Temperature Very good Unsuitable (bad) >3,000 >710 0-250 0-142 0 Text Communicator Agent Listening User Interface Explanation Part Knowledge Base -Facts -Rules -Knowledge Methodology Inference Engine -Rule Based -Forward chaining -Backward chaining Knowledge Acquisition Model Deduction Data Source Knowledge Agent -Reasoning -Ontology -Analogy -Representation -Experts -Reports -Database -Creation -Collection -Processing Figure Functional Block Diagram of Architecture of Intelligent KBS KBS to Identify water quality for irrigation This [...]
[...] A mobile agent system design based on the use of XML-based agent code, the UDDI registry for agent registration and lookup/discovery and XML Web Service calls for mobile agent intercommunication and migration. Using the built-in Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), data and execution requests are passed through back-end Java class and the resulting Java Beans. Communicating with the three lower layers Data, Information, and Knowledge in the proposed architecture, CORBA collects and sends the requested water data. To simplify calls, input and output parameters are converted into XML strings by a customized XML parser. [...]
[...] The number, complexity and rapid change of information in yield extension require the development of internet, wireless, satellites and mobile based information report system to support yield extension [5].By implementing KBS as knowledge servers, it becomes economically feasible, profitable, and beneficial to users, to publish expertise on the Net or provide Knowledge through devices like mobiles KBS on mobiles can supports a large of users who communicate with the system on web, mobile etc. Now-a days is a wireless trend, Intelligent agents is changing the way communication is getting done in the Information Age. [...]


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As a real macho, you did not dare to ask. It's a pity because you've been able to have a healthier, better-fashioned and modern haircut for years. The good news is that it's never too late, so let's go the way to your perfect hairstyle.
It's a good thing that you have found the perfect hairstyle for the last year of the fax, which you have not been separated for the past ten years, but what if we tell you that if you just crush more dedicate time and love your hair, make a small turn around with a few new one's nursing rules, can you get a brilliant effect?
We have news for you – years go by, trends change, a formula for care products and styling improve, and your hair changes over time – and that is what we have to be honest, not necessarily the best. To get the most out of your hair, allow her to stay dull and strong for longer, show that you are a trendless guy (and a few aches) – read this manicure guide for the 21st century. We promise you: we will not mention minerals, pranas, blaze, colorings or some other complicated treatments.
Most important:
You need to know your hair type
We have to get started with this because the type of hair depends on everything else. Let's say someone asks you what your hair type is, what would you answer? Brown? Short? Ordinary? Sorry, guys, sit down, grade 1 – all these answers are incorrect. You go on a prolongation! Only if you know exactly what your hair type is, you will be able to provide the best care, the easiest to maintain and make it look great.
First of all, you have to know whether your hair is thin or sharp, whether it is flat, wavy or curly.
Soft hair
Here are two things – on a thin hair and not very much (here we are not talking about balding, we will only come to this). Your goal is to make it look fuller and more powerful, that is to say, by using a good shearing technique and a clever selection of hairstyles, make it look dense, stronger and more voluminous. Here's how you will achieve this:
A good start is to choose a shampoo intended for thin hair. This will help you, in the beginning, to make your hair look louder and louder. However, the good news is that you do not have to wash it every day, in fact, cut off washing as much as possible because you will preserve the natural oils that produce your scalp and naturally protect your hair and give it enough moisture to make it look healthier and denser.
In those days when you do not wash your hair (do not overdo it now and do not watch it for weeks) comb you or brush it to distribute the oils on your own, and you will also stimulate the scalp circulation to helpless hair fall (do not be afraid of hairy hair while combing – 50 to 100 hairs a day is quite normal).
It's nice to wash your hair and let it dry naturally, right? There is no hassle, losing time, and that iridescent sound of a feather … Hm, but you have a problem with a thin hair and if you want to give it some apparent density, invest five minutes and take that hair in your hand. Apply a styling agent to moisturized hair and dry it with your fingers out of the roots. You will be surprised how much this little effort has an effect.
styling: If you have any oil-based product in your bathroom, donate it to your friend who has thick bushes, as this kind of preparation will only make your hair thin and flatten (and destroy all the effort you've made).
The best preparation for you is a foam for volume that you will apply to wet hair before drying. Squeeze the amount of walnut size, scrape it between your fingers and massage it with massage on the hair root.
Strong hair
Do not think this is a thick lump – even guys who have a strong hair can have rare hair. Here we talk about the thickness of the hair which, due to its structure, can often be disobedient and ruthless – at least until you apply these guidelines.
After training just operate rapid hair and that's it ?! It's totally wrong for your hair type. Here is the best solution for you to use a regenerator (come on, do not rub your eyes, it's not just for girls, takes a minute, two and has a great effect on your hair).
Many hairdressers actually recommend that this type of hair does not wash every time with a shampoo, but always apply a regenerator because it will soften your hair, it will be easier to fall and make it easier to shape.
The best you suit or very short hairstyles or long hair. The middle is not the best solution because your hair is fairly inseparable and can easily leap in all directions. This will be avoided by a short haircut or hair removal, because long hair is heavier, which will pull it down so you will not look sad.
The biggest problem associated with this type of hair is the lack of moisture. The scales from the scalp are hardly rooted from roots to the top of the wavy hair, which makes it drier than other hair types. Your first step is to skip the shampoo here and there, or to choose the one with the formula specially designed for this hair (aha, and that's it!).
The key is good haircutting. And although this hair can look good and if it's long, do not go away from the shoulder unless you're playing in a metal band.


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12 "Must See" Landmarks In Tulsa
October 27, 2018
Have you learnt your country's nationwide anthem? Please at all times review your nation's own travel advisories for Egypt, before making any reserving. RESTRICTED-TIME SAVINGS: Ebook now and save $2000 per couple. The present lyrics of the German national anthem are very tame and communicate only of the issues that national anthems have a tendency to speak of: an appreciation of 1's country and its folks and tradition.
This may be important to you as it's best to travel around a Japanese city (and plenty of different Asian cities) by way of the subway system, and sometimes they've monumental staircases resulting in the platforms. Book with COMPUTER immediately & dwell within the ultimate allure of this beautiful, iconic, and inspiriting metropolitan city.
Alan and Harriet Lewis created the nonprofit Grand Circle Foundation with the mission of fixing people's lives by travel—which includes both the travelers who journey withA.T., and the native individuals who welcome us so warmly into their homelands.
Hire your bike and spend 2 days simply exploring the nearby national park and city. Individuals that do not prearrange their visit to the park with Damien Excursions LLC will probably be denied access to the park. Even if you don't have one, it's simple to hire one or just go to the Village of Rosseau's Waterfront Park and enjoy the lake and all it affords.
The final clincher is that a suitcase makes you look extra businesslike and skilled; a backpack makes you easily identifiable as a traveler or vacationer, and makes you stand out far more. Near Roquefort and the Roquefort Cheese Caves, there's lots to do and see on this region, so next time you cross the bridge stop awhile and discover the countryside.


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Resource: Design decision assistant
Cloud created by:
Gráinne Conole
12 October 2009
Still a bit of a work on progress, the course representation is intended to act act a support for making decisions about course design and weighing up the various factors - pedagogical, financial and course performance. It is intended to work in conjunction with the other course views, but can also be used as a kind of checklist of good practice.
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The bedrooms are beautiful and tranquil, our interior decorator has used fine fabrics, furnishings and colour to accentuate the old world glamour of the rooms. Combine this with the best of linen, air conditioning, easy chairs to sit back and relax in and you can see why we rate Holme Station as five star. The bedrooms are a great place to retreat to at the end of the day.
Today the house boasts a range of rooms including 8 super king size bedrooms, 2 king singles, 2 childrens beds.
Holme Station Homestead, Tel +64 21 937 126, South Canterbury, New Zealand


text: Not so long ago I wrote a book describing my days touring as a tech with KISS, Alice Cooper, STP and many other bands. It is called "We Are The Road Crew". On Amazon you can preview most of the book and see if you'll like it. Thanks, Ken Barr


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Tbilisi is a lively place compared to the rest of the country. When we arrived I had no reservation to any hostel, nor did I know where any hostel was. Luckily in the old town there is free wifi. In the end we found a great hostel that looked like a giant loft/ yoga studio […]Read more
Sventi, Mestia
All the guidebooks said a visit to Georgia had to include a trip to Sventi province. So up we went! First we went to Zugdidi then we switched to a minibus heading for Mestia. At the minibus station, there is a tiny little booth where you buy your tickets. And since all the minibus signs […]Read more
From Trabzon we took the bus to Georgia, only the bus didn't actually take us to the city and only to the border even though they advertised otherwise. The Turkish border office is quite hectic as everyone is trying the cut the line. The Georgian border office in contrast is very new and orderly. In […]Read more


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Maine Ski Resorts
What's better than the rush of kicking up fresh powder on your first downhill run? Well, maybe the view of Maine from the top of the lift. Skiing and snowboarding are favorite winter activities in Maine, and for good reason. These ski resorts and hills promise prime conditions and incredible scenery.


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DIY Vive using RiftCat and Leap Motion
Guide time! If you want to kind of mess around with Steam VR but aren't ready to fully commit yet, you'll love this. In this tutorial, I'll teach you how to set up our own DIY Vive-compatible Steam VR controller using a RiftCat, any Cardboard viewer, and a free Android app. Yep, you can play many of the big PC VR games, no wimpy stuff. Optionally, if you have a Leap Motion controller, you can emulate HTC Vive controllers in thin air with a custom driver. Of course, an Xbox 360 controller also works.
An Oculus compatible 1080p headset PLUS Vive-compatible freehand motion controllers for under $50, low latency, and it's compatible with almost every VR platform? No, not exactly, but even in beta, it's the best PC-to-Android software we've tested. In the past, we've written about Trinus, which was unforgivably laggy. This is a completely different animal. You can build your own FrankenVive, motion controllers in air.
If you bought a new phone within the last year, you should probably give the Riftcat Open Beta a look. They've been updating weekly, and very recently they added hands-free motion controls that work similar to the Vive's motion controllers. I ran out and got the parts immediately and tried it myself. So how is it? Glitchy, it crashes often, very playable, and for the price it's easily the best value in VR right now. Worth getting just to freak out your family.
So, back to my FrankenVive: A modern HMV solution this is not. This does remind me a lot of DK2, the $350 Oculus dev kit made with off-the-shelf parts. If you already have a newish 1080p capable Android phone, a $10 Google Cardboard setup, and are willing to buy an older/used Leap Motion Controller you can emulate the Vive's motion controllers, gun and thumb triggers and all.
I'll teach you how to set it up, along with photos of some of my laughable attempts to build an affordable VR headset that worked with Freetrack (other head-tracking software).
Amazon Japan delivered my Leap Motion at 8am. Half asleep I made you a video that shows how it can be used as a (pardonably laggy) HTC Vive compatible controller. It was too silly of a hack not to have it on video, despite my meat-wrecked sleepy face. Of course, some games work better than others.
Here's a video I made showing how it works:
As you can see, your hand motions will render an HTC Vive controller on-screen. That's insane.
RiftCat in 2016 - Amazing ... if you dial your expectations back to 2013
People were freaking out over low-latency 800x600 VR demos years ago at GDC, and this solution blows that out of the water. It's not cutting edge, but likely "good enough" VR for the common man giving Google Cardboard games 5-star reviews on the Play store. Remember how excited people were over Hawken in VR and later doing silly things like using screwdrivers in games like Job Simulator with Vive controllers? You can do all that without lag on your Android phone and a third-party camera. In thin air. Today. $30. Go.
You've probably tried a version of this. Unlike the limitations of Trinus VR setups, this guide relies on three different third-party drivers to get around some issues and also lets you track your hands in thin air as if they were real motion controllers. For me that was too futuristic for me to pass up for $30. Here's what $30 got me in the past: a crazy Freetrack setup, which uses 3 LED lights and a household camera to emulate TrackIR technology. Good for driving and flight sims, but much more limited for general use.
If you already have all of the hardware, mount your Leap Motion to your Google Cardboard like this below. I used a piece of Velcro to make it removable.
Just for fun, and not related to this article, here's a pic of me fighting with another tracker:
Please do note that the title of this article says "TRY" not "play perfectly through the end" or "emulate and save $800."
You can't do that, and though you can do some standing VR stuff you cannot finish most of the games. A quick word before you begin from Captain Obvious:
Even some of the $120 ones are barely different from the $25 ones. You don't need an NFC chip either. Look for one that has space for wires to move in comfortably. Look for one that won't require you to break what's inside because it's pressing your power buttons. I bought some random one in Japan called VR Shinecon and the field of view is bit narrow because I didn't know any better, but it looks pretty legit and it's comfortable. If possible buy one in person because the most important factor is the shape of your giant head and your terrible haircut.
As for the Leap Motion controller, I've seen it sold for as much as $139 and as little as $15. There "new" and "old" models, but I don't think there's much of a difference. The one I bought looks like it was made in 2013, and I paid $29, and it works. Before you dismiss this as a valid control scheme I should point out that Oculus acquired a similar company called Nimble Sense in 2014. The official site has them for $79, so look for a bargain on Amazon if you can find it. It's pretty damn good even at retail price, I'm rather enjoying it.
Which games work? Do any games work?
However, I have tested roughly 20 playable titles, so there is content like The Lab (some won't work), the Blu, Space Pirate Trainer, and many others. Stuff I have no business enjoying on a Nexus 5X. I've had some games start upside down or stuck inside the floor. It takes tweaking.
Still, I've been able to enjoy quite a number of Oculus games, especially the early SDK 0.8 demos and I've tried a few $15 range Steam VR games like Space Pirate Trainer, which is a riot. I've tried about 15 games so far and many non-VR games like Far Cry 4 do run smoothly, but with lots of quirks. Like Trinus, the most common bug is head drifting, where it loses track of your center and you end up doing the hokey pokey or assigning a hotkey to recenter. If you use VR Streamer you can even hotkey phone's back camera so you don't have to take off the headset, but I'll get to that later. Your careful calibration does minimize this, but perhaps until camera support is added this is likely going to be an issue. Beta, ya'll.
If you think you're very smart, skip ahead to Step 5 or just watch my abbreviated video walkthrough and fight with it yourself. Otherwise, this fussy basic setup guide might save you some troubleshooting grief later.
Pictured above: A headset that does almost nothing, but it looks cool! Another one of my early TrackIR attempts
Just give me the short version:
I recommend you follow the steps below, but if you're in a hurry here's the short version:
(1) Optimize your phone (2) Optimize your PC (3) Get rid of cable lag/adapters (4) Install the RiftCat on the PC and Mobile (5) install the newest Leap SDK (6) Run Vridge and find the driver button for Steam at the bottom: install the SteamVR RiftCat driver while Steam is completely closed (7) install Leap's Orion SDK (8) Install the StreamVR RiftCat Leap Driver (9) install Oculus marketplace (10) install Revive (11) Launch a marketplace, calibrate, and enjoy!
Poke around with the Vridge settings at the bottom of that page's tab when you hit a bug or latency that makes you want to kill yourself. Do skim the rest of this guide for what ails you. Good luck!
Step 1 - Understanding the general concept
There are a few of ways to go about this, and RiftCat is probably the easiest for beginners. Your PC games will usually run in a window that's being stalked by a "server" program running on your computer and that program sends a highly detailed image to your phone like it was a mirrored monitor. What's unique about RiftCat are drivers and full configuration on the PC, so you don't have to touch your phone and fuss with tiny UI windows.
That server app, in the case of RiftCat, also comes with a driver that emulates head-mounted display so that your phone will be recognized as a headset within SteamVR. That doesn't mean you're going to go play Vive games around your living room in an hour. Pump yer brakes.
Sidenote about the lingo: RiftCat is the company, and the RiftCat Client is what most people would consider the VRidge server app, and also the name of their marketplace (like a simple version of Steam that has patched Oculus demos you can try for free). VRidge is the phone "client" mobile app, and also the name of their general technology. To avoid any confusion, I'll simply refer to what they call the client as the PC app or server app, and just make general references to the mobile as there isn't much to setup there but tethering and zoom/scale. Unlike most mobile apps like this, almost all the setup happens on the PC server app, which means you don't have to take your phone in and out of the HMV to tweak. Smart.
RiftCat's PC server app software hooks in at a low-level and renders your windowed games to your phone. You don't have to rely on your phone's gyroscope to do your head tracking, but in the case of RiftCat it works very well for games that aren't super fast-paced, and you can bring your own external tracker once you get the basic hang of this. Look into TrackIR, and there are even paper-based tracking systems. Those guides have been around since 2006 so I'm not going to cover those, as they work best for games where you're in a cockpit anyway.
Lastly, there are three drivers to install, which we'll cover later, no need to download them right now. The latest Leap Motion "Orion" SDK/driver, VRidge's SteamVR HMV driver, and the SteamVR Leap Driver by Christian Buchner. More info about these projects are on RiftCat's Blog.
Sidenote: At the moment RiftCat doesn't natively support the latest Oculus SDK yet, but when you pair it with other open-source projects like CrossVR's ReVive as a workaround.
If I've already lost you, don't worry, this will all make more sense if you follow the steps.
Step 2 - Test your eyeballs, tweak your phone, and get the mobile app
Download the VRidge app from Google Play. Remember, it requires Android 5 or newer, but before you jump in let's reconcile something. You scanned that QR code for your correct distortion setting, right? Right? You can tweak your IPL and Scale manually in-app worst case.
I'm assuming you've had some experience getting to know your Google Cardboard headset with normal cardboard apps and have a solid idea how far your phone needs to be to simulate realistic depth.
First, let's disqualify your phone or HMV before I waste your time. If you can't see depth f field in Cardboard, you won't see it in RiftCat. I recommend trying "Cartoon Village 3D" by Oleksandr Popov (free, Play Store) don't expect RiftCat to fix that. Some people also can't see those hippie 3D paper posters while others can, so try some eye and brain training before you go any further. Some phones have a very low pixel density and aren't suitable for this.
Your phone and/or brain unfortunately sucks, stop here, game over, sorry.
If your phone rocks, please continue:
Any new Samsung Galaxy phone should work, especially if you have something like a Galaxy 7 or Note 5. If you have an iPhone, you can probably get halfway to what we're doing here with VR Streamer (iOS, free and time limit versions available) and Gagagu VR Streamer (gagagu.de). This blog post gives you some idea of the lag you're going to experience. For most people this is not worth it. My phone only has 2GB of RAM, not exactly ideal.
I was going to put all of this later under Troubleshooting, but since performance is the main point of this article please bear with me.
There are safe ways and potentially unsafe ways (rooting and overclocking) to optimize your Android phone for gaming. Try the safe type first, like unlocking the developer options in your control panel and force GPU rendering whenever possible. This will eat your battery, but you'll be wired and your phone (not PC) will be completely offline so it doesn't matter too much. Of course, how healthy your battery is will determine how long you play while you're wired and playing. You cannot likely get a long play session in unless your phone is very efficient at charging and you use a powered USB 3.0 hub in-between, but there are some downsides to that obviously.
If you haven't done so yet, uninstall all the crap your Provider put on your phone and disable as many bells and whistles as possible to free up your ram. Do limit the amount of stuff that is allowed to exist in the background. Do be careful not to have software that auto-kills processes (use Safe mode) that the system auto-start or you'll just eat your battery.
You'll also need to setup USB Mobile Tethering (as if you wanted to use your phone as a modem) but with your data and Wifi off. You'll be going in and out of these menus quickly, so making some widget bookmarks for tethering will save you some time.
Now optimize: turn off Wifi, turn off Bluetooth, turn off data, turn off NFC, turn off everything except USB tethering. Make a quick-switch profile for these settings if you know how. I turned off automatic dimming, automatic sleep, pretty much everything that would cause my tweaking settings time to be disturbed. Set your screen's brightness to medium for now.
Keep your phone plugged in, but don't put it in the headset yet, even when RiftCat asks you to. We have some fine-tuning to do first.
Step 3 - Optimize your PC like your life depends on it
I'm using a Asus ROG GR8 with an i7 4510U @ 2.60 GHz (not overclocked), 16GB RAM, 128GB SSD and integrated Nvidia Geforce GTX 750 Ti. This machine was announced at Computex 2014, it's a sort of "console class" first generation Steam machine. This older stuff is cutting into my encoding, so if you have a proper Oculus-ready PC you'll fare much better.
Before you get any software or touch anything remotely related to this guide, you should go on a (totally anal) optimization vision quest to squeeze all of the power out of your computer. I know you think your computer is fast enough to run games and also run the cow that is Aero, but games will run in Windowed mode, so you'll need all the extra power. Also turn off everything obnoxious like SmartScreen, Firewall, Application Permission, and so on. If windows pops up a dialog box your window will lose focus and, your game may pause or crash.
Grab a beer and update all drivers (at your own risk), turn off Windows Aero, turn on all the bells and whistles your SSD came with, unplug all but one monitor.
One important step especially if you're already skipping and skimming and are trying this on a laptop: Force your apps to always use the most powerful GPU in the Nvidia control panel or equivalent. After you make this change you must reboot, if it asks you to or not. Here's a description of the problem and how to set this up.
If you leave it up to the application you'll go into a looping crash on the phone app.
I would also recommend disabling your onboard video in the BIOS if you have an extra display adapter appearing in your device manager (even if you never use it) and switch to a single monitor for the initial test. I did this on the floor of my living room with my PC and TV.
Last but not least, set your single monitor's resolution to 1280x720 for starters. After you experience lag-free gameplay for a full play session crank it back up slowly, but trying to get this going with 1080p or 4k is just going to take you longer to find your phone's sweet spot.
Step 4: Check your wires for performance gains
Don't even think about trying this over wifi even if you have a $600 router; it's lag city.
Make sure you know the difference between USB 2 and 3 if your phone supports it. Not all motherboards and cases do a good job of labeling or color-coding those. If you're using a USB extension cord, make it a short and powered one, and on a 5V+ DC hub if you must. The less crap between your computer's fastest port and your phone, the better. Don't use 200 foot USB extension cords either, some those even cause performance issues with normal cameras. Use some quality wires, Beavis.
Converters may also cause performance issues, avoid those. Don't use hubs/extensions.
Step 5: Install VRidge on your PC and Phone
Download RiftCat's VRidge PC application. When registering I recommend setting up an account with a 1-touch OAuth provider like Google Plus or Windows instead. If you run into trouble and need to reboot this will save you some time down the line.
Some people are getting loop errors after registering since the app and site require you to be logged in at the same time. It happened to me once, here's how I fixed it: I logged out of the desktop app, rebooted, logged into the website first, then started the app. Bingo.
Do get the Vridge app for your phone as well if you haven't already done so, you'll need it for Step 7.
Step 6: Get Windows to recognize your phone tethering
When your phone is plugged into Windows 10 an An NDIS network connection should appear. Toggle back to your RiftCat window and click "VRidge" up top and connect. You should be able to see your connection. Click that, and make sure your Android phone has Vridge running and confirm your phone and authorize it. You don't want your computer discoverable from your Phone tether, so tell Windows to go suck it if it prompts you a-la Charms bar.
Note: If this didn't work for you check your antivirus and firewall settings, it might be a bit of a side science project to figure this out if you've never done tethering. Here's a USB tethering guide for Windows 8 that I found useful.
This is relatively straightforward, but sometimes I have my Windows 10 network adapters window hang if I plug the wire in first. If that happens to you, first open your network adapters using the classic-style control panel, then connect your phone via USB, then click USB tethering on in your "more" networks phone setting.
Sidenote if you want to use USB Tether and also play online/use Wifi: You'll need to increase the metric of your network card, as explained in this guide. Otherwise, your PC will go offline while you're in tether mode, or connect via 4G, or just not work at all. If you're playing offline, you can skip this step.
Do confirm that it is your phone is connected, and now's a good time to check your wire situation again. Are those wires going to wiggle and partially get disconnected, even for a split second? Android will drop your tether and crash the app if you're not solid. Use tape if you have to.
-- Important: don't put your phone in Cardboard yet, don't even touch your headphones, we're not done optimizing yet --
After you've confirmed, your phone stay on the Vridge tab in the app.
You'll see two round buttons now to play games. Ignore those. You'll also see a Find New Phone button. Ignore that too. Notice the two square buttons below that look like highlighted text squares. See the one that says "Click here to set Streaming Quality"? You are going spend a lot of time here until you know what your phone and computer can and cannot do.
You'll see resolution settings first, with some recommendations based on your phone profile. I recommend trying a lower resolution and trying to achieve 60 FPS first, and slide the bitrate streaming quality to 14 (jaggies). If you have an Nvidia card, turn on NVENC. AMD users: you're at a big disadvantage in this early beta Sucks, I know.
Step 7: Test a simple Unity game before you try running a Steam game
Before you try to get VRidge to work with Steam, I recommend starting with "Don't Let Go!", because it has a cute FPS counter on the desk and lets you test your settings without a lot of fuss.
Go to your Vridge Library in RiftCat and start Don't Let Go, and a Unity window should pop up. Don't let that Unity window get out of focus or your game will stop streaming.
Before putting your Google Cardboard headgear on, please stay awhile here and shake your phone a bit. Are the images perfectly in sync? You're going to see double if you put your phone in your headset like that. Get the left and right side in perfect sync first.
Also, you must play this game with headphones on or you'll miss all the fun.
Spend some time reducing lag and trying a few Unity demos before you move on to the next step. Get a sense of what your computer and phone can and cannot do. Keep a log on paper so you're not trying random things in the dark. Respect that it's a beta: know when the server is running and when you can plug cables or change your Cardboard view scale settings to avoid crashes.
Step 8: Install SteamVR (within Steam)
Untether and find the SteamVR add-on within Steam, install it, and then shut down all Steam apps and close Steam after its installed. Don't run the SteamVR Room Configuration setup wizard yet; it won't detect anything. Close all games and Steam (check your system tray).
Step 8: Install the Steam VR Driver from the Vridge Desktop app
With Steam closed, go back to the RiftCat Vridge tab on the PC. Install the SteamVR Drive. It's located at the bottom of the app. If it appears blank then SteamVR isn't installed correctly or is still running.
Big side note: When you update Steam or SteamVR this driver may uninstall. If you don't see the little square VR button on the top right when you open Steam this is the cause.
If you did it correctly, or Steam didn't "bump" your driver in an update, it should look like this:
This VR icon should be green, not gray as shown below. Click the VR logo if you don't see it green. If you installed the drivers in the wrong order, if Steam updated, or if you installed stuff while Steam was open (always check your system tray) then you may need to start over.
Step 9: Let's try your first Steam Game with a PC Controller
First, let's make a quick social contract for the sake of your sanity. Please point your index finger at your phone and repeat after me: "I will get the games working poorly first before I attempt to run them at 120 frames per second in 8k per eye." If you try to optimize while you're getting the basic game working you will lose your mind. Resist! How you configure the RiftCat PC app significantly affects your frame rate and lag. How efficiently the program duplicates the contents of the game's window makes all the difference. Got it? Good.
Run your steam game normally first, setting it to play in a Window first. Then get your settings setup. With the RiftCat Vridge app properly tethered and connected, with your Vridge Library's Unity demos being a success, you are ready to experience the simultaneous excitement and disappointment of having a very cheap and buggy version of the development kit Oculus Rift.
Step 10: (Optional, very beta) Install the Leap Motion SDK and SteamVR Drivers
You don't have to buy the whole dev kit though. Get the basic one and keep in mind that the bottom is rubberized, so weak 2-sided velcro isn't going to keep it on your Cardboard. You'll have to tape the sides as well or get creative. The RiftCat-compatible Leap VR Driver was just released a few days ago, and I immediately Amazon Primed a Leap Motion controller for $29 to try it. It works stupidly well!
Close out all your stuff, register and install the Orion SDK for Leap, then install the SteamVR leap driver. Repeat the applicable steps to get back into Steam and you should have access to both controllers. There isn't anything special to setup, it just works. I do recommend going to SteamVR Room Setup, choose standing, and while standing punch in your actual height (don't calibrate the floor) or your camera will be weird.
Sidenote about Leap Motion Limitations: Don't put your arms at your sides. The most important thing to remember is that the Leap Motion controller is a camera. It has a remarkably wide field of view, but your hands are behind your horse-faced HMV then your controllers become invisible, so some actions are limited. Some button presses (like menu) require specific hand gestures that also take some getting used to, and are subject to the light conditions in the room.
Do calibrate and download the latest SDKs, do mount it in the right direction, do test the Blocks app, and do keep your Leap smudge-free. There is a calibration utility and smudges on your Leap make a big difference. Keep it clean, boys!
Step 11: Playing other Oculus and Vive titles from other marketplaces
Of course, you can run non-Steam games as well. Just close Steam/SteamVR completely and browse for the .exe from the "games from my PC" button in the Vridge desktop app.
This stuff changes on a day to day basis, so it's best to read the RiftCat posts on Reddit for the latest. SteamVR aside, installing the Oculus store and using a fictional Vive emulator is very gray area. I don't really want to get caught in the politics of that, so you'll want to follow the Revive community to figure out the rest.
Step 12: DIY Headtracking, Quality of life, and cord management
The cables and setup are a bit of an annoyance, and there's a cheap workaround for that too. You probably don't want to have a cell phone cable, a USB controller cable, and a headphone cable strung all around. Get a USB soundcard and a compact powered USB hub and route all that stuff through one extension, and tie it all neatly with tape or velcro. Headphones made for iPod Shuffles don't even have cords, so you can plug a tiny USB sound card right into it and run the cord to a pouch on the back or top of your head with the hub.
Pictured: another DIY head tracking experiment, zero soldering, lots of duct tape.
If you're going to do TrackIR for head tracking but don't want to get into welding and batteries there is also another very simple solution: control the light in your game room instead and use regular LEDs. You can buy a strip of LED USB tape (red LEDs work best with Freetrack) and you can also plug that into your hub, and mask out the other LEDs with electrical tape. Works great with a normal Logitech 1080p camera, no infrared filter, no infrared LEDs, as long as my curtains are shut. The photo above was my DIY head tracker before I found RiftCat, roughly about a month ago. So ghetto! But worked quite well for Live For Speed somehow, and priced about $35. That's a Black and Decker screwdriver tip holder supporting the top, and a lot of duct tape. It was a fun experiment, I learned a lot failing.
Getting support
The most common problems I've seen around forums pertain to not knowing where their SteamVR folder is (check your advanced options), artifacting (play with your NVENC and driver - for performance over quality at the driver level), loop crashing or device not ready (see optimizing your dedicated GPU in my optimization tips) and this epic reddit thread for more advice. If you're seeing a double on the HMV it means your bitrate/latency is too high, your phone is too slow or not properly configured to use its GPU, your PC sucks, or your IPV/Scale and headset knobs are at odds with each other. It took me many tries before I got get great depth of field. Put in the time.
For everything else it is best to send your questions directly to RiftCat's support tab (in the PC app). They will ask you to attach the crash bug log files located in your Program Files (x86) RiftCat folder, so you may as well send those four text files along with a description of your problem. Still I'll keep an eye on the comments and try my best to answer your questions.
RiftCat shows a lot of promise, good job Poland! Though your work is entirely original and doesn't violate any copyrights or trademarks to my knowledge, it will be surely "frowned upon" by some, just as Little Timmy frowns upon executives that promised a $200-400 retail-grade HMV years ago (we'll never let them live that down).
To be fair, shipping a real product is much more difficult than assembling a janky thing with off-the-shelf parts, which is what I'm teaching you how to do here.
Parting Thoughts
If you've spent a lot of time with premium current generation hardware, this post might be boring. If you don't have access to current generation VR hardware, you're probably excited as I am. RiftCat is a glimpse of what the future of broke-ass VR gaming looks like, and it's so money.
The point is not to grief Oculus and Vive executives for not expediting a low-quality budget product. I do feel that a value-priced DK2 retail product is missing. Where is that product? I don't see it coming (and it's certainly not Gear VR) so it seems like gamers are taking matters into their own hands. They're on Reddit submitting their apps, logging commits on Github, injecting wrappers around walled gardens that honestly need more than a few warm bodies anyway. Everybody wins ... for now.
I'm cagey as media about this stuff. Any new VR thing excites me, but sometimes I'm hesitant to cover it. Half the time I blog about VR games the comments sometimes sound like I'm talking about the next Laserdisc format. There's no reason for that, especially when so many of our readers have super powerful phones. You've gotta try this stuff if you've got a modern phone and phone back your results. I'm almost scared to hear your results.
It's an open Beta, give it a shot. Let's get more gamers into VR. The future is here, cheap!
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text:
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There is a phrase which sums up this country and its natural lifestyle: PURA VIDA!!
You will hear that expression a lot, in different circumstances:
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"Pura Vida" sums up the lifestyle and the mind of the "Ticos" (Costa Rica's inhabitants). It basically means that life is good, that it runs its course, that everything is going well. A mix of happiness and nonchalance that proves that living in this marvelous country, even for a few weeks of vacation, leaves no place for any worries or headaches. Just chill out and relax!
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Everything will be fine, it's Pura Vida in Costa Rica!


text:
In Q&A from BCS SPA meeting on CEP, friend and colleague Paul Vincent says:
"AFAIK there are no current military systems (as opposed to government intelligence systems) using Commercial Off The Shelf CEP systems, although I recall one commercial product being developed with US military money (your tax $ at work, etc etc)."
Actually, Paul's statement is slightly misleading. Companies like StreamBase and AgentLogic have their roots in supporting the military. In addition, IBM has a number of event processing related solutions in the military. (There are also others, we suspect.)
It is true, however, that current generation COTS CEP engines do not have the advanced event processing capabilities required for most CEP applications in the military; but as CEP engines advance, this should change.