text:
Sunday, 18 January 2009
Smash Hits
We both pulled over to confront each other, and I said 'you were in the wrong lane if you wanted to turn off there' he said 'We will let the insurance sort it out.'
I know people don't like to admit fault, but I was in the right, honest!
While driving the last mile home I thought about it, and feel quite strongly that it is wrong that he probably has fully comprehensive insurance (just like me) so won't give a toss about his stupid negligent driving and will never learn a lesson, and will carry on driving like berk because it doesn't actually cost him anything.
So I thought about all those 'Particulars of Claim' that I have been writing over the last few months, and thinking about all the things he did wrong, and composing my own claim to sue his backside off. That will teach him a lesson and make him look next time.
But in the cold light of day, whats the point. I might even lose in court and have to pay his fees. Surely it is easiest to let the insurance deal with it and move on.
But it annoys me. OK, so my insurance doesn't cost me much, but his stupidity is being paid for by other people. He needs a right good slapping.
On the bright side, nobody was injured and I will at least get a new door on the car.
Lesson previously learned, DO NOT GO TO COURT ON A PRINCIPLE
ps Whatever happened to 'Plastic Bertrand'?
9 comments:
- Law Minx said...
AWW Swiss, I feel your pain! Road Traffic Scuttles are a bloody nuisance,a source of frustration and damned inconvenience, but thank HEAVENS for subrogation; as you say, if you'd ended up in court it would have been nasty, costly and mayhaps pointless, even if the guy is an out and out pillack.
For what its worth I was crunched not too long ago by a young man in a fiesta who did a runner before I could get his registration. I have a number of words for such an individual, but since I am a laydee, I shall not mention them here ( except in brackets - f**king b****rd!!!!!!!!!) and my insurance had to bear the cost - mercifully, my NCB is low and insurance fully comp, but eeeee!!!!!
Ps: I believe Plastic Bertrand is now a judge in the Court of Appeal.
- 19 January 2009 at 03:00
- Swiss Tony said...
Minxy, I know what you mean about Fiestas. There isn't much room in the back, so no wonder you were a bit 'crunched' Too much detail perhaps, but thanks for sharing that with us.
- 19 January 2009 at 05:29
- Law Minx said...
SWIZZ!!!!! Since you have stated that there is no room in the back of a Fiesta - a fact to which I am not party - I can only conclude that some of your Finest Moments, so to speak, have taken place therein!!
- 19 January 2009 at 06:24
- barmaid said...
Just be careful you don't try same antics in Reliant Robin, they have a habit of tipping up:-)
- 19 January 2009 at 07:40
- Law Minx said...
BM!! You are as outrageous as Swiss!!! :)
( Damn - I've led a sheltered life!!!!)
- 19 January 2009 at 11:18
- Asp said...
I've always imagined Bubble Cars to be particularly cosy, even when just driving around town...
I'm quite impressed that said pillock had the deceny to leave it "We will let the insurance sort it out". Normally in such a situation they make up excuses and/or try to blame you. He may still end up doing that (my 'rents once had to rebut the accusation that someone backing into our car when they were in bed was our fault. Needless to say it didn't take much), but at least he didn't enter into any 'road rage' and did things the right way. If anyone's going to run into my car, I'd rather it was someone who left things to insurance!
- 20 January 2009 at 09:40
- Swiss Tony said...
Asp, very good point, although until the insurance company receive his admission of liability it is all up in the air.
As for road rage, I was bloody angry and if I had a baseball bat to hand I would probably have used it on the idiot.
As it is, having calmed down a little, if I saw him again I would still give him the slapping he needs. I stand to lose my excess because he can't drive.
Do they not teach people which lane to use on roundabouts anymore in the driving test? It seems to be endemic that people can do what they like nowadays.
- 21 January 2009 at 00:20
- Mel said...
To quote Grey's Anatomy: It takes a year to learn how to cut, and it takes a lifetime to learn when not to cut.
Cut meaning in surgery. Because it's about young surgeons...ahem.
Just as applicable to the lawyerly trade. It takes a year to learn how to file a claim...but it takes a....you get it.
Not a skill I've learned yet, as I regularly tell everyone to sue everyone else, from the banks to the post office to the builders who walked off without finished our conservatory.
- 26 January 2009 at 14:05
- Swiss Tony said...
Mel, very true and wise words.
On advice I have been given from a guy that works in insurance, he suggested that I let the insurance deal with it all and see if the other guy admits liability. If he doesn't I will lose my excess, and possibly my next premium will rise.
My excess is £250, so I then take him to the small claims court for its recovery. The excess is 'uninsured loss', so not covered by the insurance. No liability will be given by the insurance co, so I would be clear to sue the bugger.
The car is currently being fitted with 2 new doors and being painted. he hasn't admitted anything yet, so I will use this as a good homework exercise.
- 27 January 2009 at 00:16


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Hilton to Upgrade its Garden Inn Brand
Hilton Hotels and Resorts announced that it is introducing new enhancements to its Garden Inn brand of mid-priced hotels.
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text: I'm in Eastern US Time Zone. Games I've played on Vassal: Avalon Hill's 1776 (2nd Ed, willing to try 3rd Ed), Afrika Korps, D-Day and War at Sea. Steve Jackson Games Raid on Iran Games I've played and would like to try on Vassal: Avalon Hill's Panzer Leader, Wooden Ships & Iron Men and Blitzkrieg, Clash of Arms The Speed of Heat, GDW's Air Superiority and Air Strike (and I have Desert Falcons). Steve Jackson Games OGRE. Games I haven't played but I have the rules for and would like to try on Vassal: Avalon Hill's 1914, Air Assault on Crete, Alexander the Great, Anzio, Bismarck, Caesar at Alesia, Caesar's Legions, Chancellorsville, Circus Maximus, Civilization, Dune, France 1940, Freedom in the Galaxy, Gettysburg (preferably '77), Gladiator, Guadalcanal, Jutland, Kingmaker, The Longest Day, Luftwaffe, Machiavelli, Midway, Panzerblitz, Richtofen's War, Siege of Jerusalem, Stalingrad, Starship Troopers, Arab-Israeli Wars, Submarine, Tobruk, Victory in the Pacific, War and Peace, War at Sea II, Waterloo, and Clash of Arm's Summer Storm I'll play either PBEM or live play. If any of these games are of interest please PM me. _______________________________________________ Read this topic online here: http://www.vassalengine.org/forum/viewtopic.php?p=55363#p55363


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"WHENEVER I see something written about David Bowie, I want to write more. Whenever I hear one of his songs I want to play more–and whenever I am reminded of his death, I want to remember more of his life. Because in that time and on this Earth, Bowie made a difference. He is the story of my life; he is about growing up and working with people whose records I had bought as a kid. He is about some wonderful memories and he is about some very special moments.
My earliest recollections date back to February 1969 in my old hometown of Manchester in the north of England. I was a teenager and took a train into the city with my girlfriend to go to The Magic Village, one of the coolest places for bands to play and a regular haunt for us kids to congregate. That day, we arrived a little earlier than usual and, as she had run out of cigarettes, I offered to pop down the street and buy her a pack. While she stood around waiting, this guy came over; they started talking and he invited her inside for a drink. She smiled, "No thanks, I'm with someone."
The following day, we found out his name: David Bowie. He was due to appear with Tyrannosaurus Rex and had turned up at The Magic Village the night before with just his acoustic guitar. That evening, he played an intimate gig to 30 people at the bar… and I was not one of them. We were hungry and had gone down the road for a kebab; it started to rain, so we decided to take the train home. I may have missed out on that magical evening, but took some solace in knowing that she had turned down Bowie's advances for me."
- USA TODAY – January, 2018 | Read the full piece on Questia


text:
GPG Keychain: Change e-mail adres
Dear GPG crew,
Sometimes I control my iMac,and I see there's an old e-mail adress, can you change that on
the data.
That it be solved.
macOS 10.14.1 18B75
GPG Suite 2018.1 2083 (9658b70)
GPGMail 3.0b4 1272 (461cda15)
GPG Keychain 1.4.2 1403 (128637e)
GPGServices 1.11.2 969 (e5438f7)
MacGPG 2.2.3 900 (cead4f9)
GPG Suite Preferences 2.1.1 993 (05eb1a6)
Libmacgpg 0.8.2 829 (943132e)
pinentry 0.9.7.1 9 (db18340)
Hi buibur,
you are using an old release of GPG Suite. We recommend to update to the latest GPG Suite which is 2018.5 which contains important security fixes for https://efail.de/ and more.
Note though that in 2018.4 we introduced GPG Mail Support Plan:
Can you elaborate where exactly you are seeing the old email address? Is it included in your OpenPGP key in GPG Keychain? If so, you should be able to revoke the userID in question: This KB-article explains how to revoke a key or user ID.
All the best,
> Hi Steve,
Great you will help me,what I have doing is I have download a new version off GPG Suite,and keepout the old safty key, with the old
e-mailadress,and make an new safty key whit the new e-mailadres its baby 6-7 years old.I hope I have doing alright.
R.Buitenhuis The Netherlands.
This KB-article explains how to add more than one email address to an existing key. The email addresses in a key are called userIDs and you can add as many as you want. You can of course also create an additional key for the other email address.
Important note: Note that all email addresses you add to a single key can be connected to one identity. Depending on your use-case this might be wanted or should be avoided. Please consider that first and then proceed.
So whatever fits your needs best is the way to go. Let me know if you have more questions after going through the KB article.
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Inauguration of Nigerian-Swedish Alumni Association, Abuja
The Ambassador of Sweden, H.E. Mr. Svante Kilander, invites all Nigerians who have studied in any Swedish institution to the inauguration of the Nigerian-Swedish Alumni Association.
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Midam Korean Charcoal BBQ is one of the new restaurants in Sunnybank Hills. It is located in Farne Street, right behind Pinelands Plaza. I only found out about this place during a night out with my workmates. I couldn't believe that I drive past the area everyday without realising the existence of this new strip of restaurants. So, for those who are oblivious like me, there is a new strip of restaurants waiting to be discovered.
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text:
Federal National Council opens with a focus on artificial intelligence and empowering young people
Country is 'racing with the future' says speaker
The Federal National Council inaugurated its third session of the 16th chapter with a look into the future of artificial intelligence, youth empowerment and responsibility towards defending the homeland.
Vice President and Ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, launched the session on Wednesday, with the presence of the emirates' rulers, crown princes, royals, ministers and top officials.
"The government will do all it can to help the Federal National Council in accomplishing its duties towards the nation and the people, without any obstacles or complications," he told the attendees.
Dr Amal Al Qubaisi, Speaker of the Federal National Council (FNC) said that the country has a "bright future" ahead.
"As we are in the year of giving, and approaching 2018 - the Year of Zayed, and striving towards fulfiling the Emirati dream, and racing with the future," she said.
"We have proof that our country is determined towards a bright future."
She referred to the artificial intelligence project and Mars Scientific City as examples.
However, the future carries challenges as much as it carries promises.
"The dangers that the region is experiencing today are expected to double tomorrow," she said.
"We cannot strive towards the future without taking the responsibility of protecting it."
Read more
FNC approves bill that limits domestic workers' hours
President Sheikh Khalifa issues labour law to support domestic workers
Domestic workers' passports cannot be kept by sponsors
To establish collective security requires the courage to impose justice over all, "once the individual hurts the group, then the risk of terrorism is not the only standing risk, as the danger of extremism is no less," she said.
Following the opening ceremony, the council's members elected themselves into designated committees for the upcoming session.
Dubai representative Azza bin Suleiman said family development was one of the pivotal issues that will be discussed over the next few months, with the ministry of community development.
Those include "the role of the ministry in building a database for those who wish to get married," she said.
She also wants the ministry to look at failed marriages and the rise of mixed marriages, she added.
The council will also be discussing the policy of the ministry of Emiratisation and human resources, and what training programs they are providing for jobless Emiratis.
"The debate will revolve around three main points: the general policy for Emaritisation and monitoring its implementation, giving advice and vocational guidance to national work forces, and following up with recruiting nationals in the private sector," she added.
Her fellow Dubai member Afra Al Basti, said a critical issue they will be discussing this session is what she said was a substantial increase in federal water and electricity rates.
"This will be the lion's share of discussions, at this time this is a very hot topic and we will work hard to tackle the issue," she said.
The members have already conducted some meetings with the concerned ministries and officials, and there will be field visits to relevant areas.
She said they have received complaints from many nationals over rising bills.
She said that it is very expensive for an Emirati with a new house but limited income – or no income at all - to connect power to his or her property.
"I am sure the authority has a strategy and we have to listen to it, but at the same time we have to consider that there are locals who have a very low income or no income at all, so this is very pricey for them," she said.
Other issues on the agenda include services like health, education, infrastructure and social affairs, she added.
Among the main pieces of legislation in the last session, which ended in Ramadan, was the passing of a new law for domestic workers.
It set out working conditions, guaranteed the maximum hours a maid, nanny, gardener and others could work, and ensured passports could not be held by the employer.
Updated: October 25, 2017 08:47 PM


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The mother of a Melbourne girl who was raped and killed while out buying sugar says she can finally move on after her daughter's "monster" murderer was jailed for life, 33 years later.
Gregory Keith Davies, 75, raped, strangled and drugged six-year-old Kylie Maybury after luring her into his car in Preston on Melbourne Cup day, 1984.
Kylie's body was found the following day, dumped in a gutter just 650 metres away from Davies' Preston home, where he was living with his mother.
He was only arrested and charged in 2016, after voluntarily providing detectives with a DNA sample, which was a match to that found on Kylie's clothes.
Rape, murder of Kylie Maybury, six years old 10 giugno 2016
Davies will serve 28 years in jail before being eligible for parole.
Outside court today, Kylie's mother, Julie Ryan, said she did not think she would live to see her daughter's killer sentenced.
"He's a monster, you can't call him anything else but that," she said.
"But you know what? It's all over now.
"My daughter and I can move on … we can all be together as one big happy family again."
Ms Ryan said she was pleased Davies was unlikely to ever be released.
"I'd like to kill him myself," she said.
She said Kylie was remembered as a "little princess" and a precious member of the family.
'I wonder how you were able to do that'
In sentencing, Justice Lex Lasry said Davies had treated Kylie with absolute contempt.
"They were terrible offences ... this child did nothing except walk to a shop and at the age of six years she lost her life in the process," he said.
Davies had initially been ruled out as a suspect when he provided police with an alibi.
He maintains he cannot remember raping and murdering the young girl despite pleading guilty at the start of his committal hearing in the Melbourne Magistrates' Court last May.
But Justice Lasry said he found it impossible to believe Davies couldn't remember it.
He said he believed Davies may not wish to recall what he had done.
"You lied to police for a time, you kept what you had done to yourself for 33 years.
"I wonder how you were able to do that."
A previous hearing was told Kylie's grandfather killed himself in the wake of her death while under suspicion of involvement, and several years later her uncle also took his own life.
Earlier this year, Davies was attacked by fellow prisoners, who threw boiling water on his neck and groin.
It is expected he will remain in protective custody to protect him from being targeted, due to the notoriety of his offences.
Justice Lasry said Davies' conditions in custody had already been difficult and he expected that would continue to be the case.
Gregory Davies sentenced to life for rape, murder of 6yo Kylie Maybury in 1984 Emma Younger Dec 21 2017Tweet
Baba raped 10 girls per day 21 dicembre 2017
Death sentence in rape, murder of 18-year-old girl 22 dicembre 2017
4 arrested for brutally raping, murdering minor girl 22 dicembre 2017
20-year-old gang-raped by 5 teens 22 dicembre 2017
Baba raped 10 girls per day 21 dicembre 2017
40-year-old woman gang-raped, butchered to death 21 dicembre 2017
14-year-old girl gang-raped, murdered, protests erupt 21 dicembre 2017
18-year-old abducted, gang-raped by 5 men 21 dicembre 2017
Teen Rapists 58 20 dicembre 2017
20-year-old woman raped, blackmailed, died after setting herself ablaze 20 dicembre 2017
12-year-old girl kidnapped, raped by 27-year-old neighbour 20 dicembre 2017
14-year-old girl raped in school van by 24-year-old driver 20 dicembre 2017
7-year-old girl raped by 55-year-old man 20 dicembre 2017
15-year-old girl raped by 22-year-old neighbour 20 dicembre 2017
Cab driver raped two customers 19 dicembre 2017
18-year old girl gang-raped by 7 boys, video viral on social media 18 dicembre 2017
20-year-old raped 5 teen girls groomed online 18 dicembre 2017
Man raped teen met on Snapchat 17 dicembre 2017
3-year-old girl raped by 22-year-old 18 dicembre 2017
5th anniversary of Nirbhaya gang-rape & murder case 18 dicembre 2017
Rape and murder in India 15 dicembre 2017
Paedo ring sentenced to life 21 DICEMBRE 2017
Paedo gets 120-year sentence in child sex abuse case 21 DICEMBRE 2017
Paedo reality tv star sentenced for raping young girls 21 DICEMBRE 2017
Paedo football coach admits sexual abuse of young boys 21 DICEMBRE 2017
Paedo online predator sentenced to 10 more years 21 DICEMBRE 2017
Paedo Salvation Army officer raped 2 sisters aged 4 and 6 20 DICEMBRE 2017
Paedo sentenced to 219 years for sexually assaulting 4 girls 20 DICEMBRE 2017
Paedo sentenced to 495 years for raping 3-year-old boy, sharing images of the abuse 20 DICEMBRE 2017
Paedo Scout leader jailed for historical sexual abuse of 15 teenage boys 20 DICEMBRE 2017
Paedo foster carer jailed for raping 5 children 20 DICEMBRE 2017
Paedo security guard who filmed himself abusing young children sentenced 19 DICEMBRE 2017
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text:
Lily hospitals Limited, established since 1986 remains one of the most prosperous hospitals in Nigeria and within the South-South region of the country. It is the first private hospital in Nigeria to achieve ISO 9001:2000 quality management system certification from the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON). We are also consistently committed to high standards; continuous improvement, service excellence, organizational citizenship, and outstanding work ethics.
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We are recruiting to fill the vacant position below:
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Type: Full Time
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Key Result Areas (KRA)
Clinical Care:
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text:
Well, did anyone expect otherwise? FIPRESCI, the international association of film critics that routinely hands out its own award at film festivals, has named Terrence Malick's "The Tree of Life" the winner of its annual Grand Prix award — for the film voted the year's finest in a poll of their 200-plus membership.
(Before anyone protests that it's a little early to be dishing out Film of the Year honors, the eligibility bracket is an autumn-to-autumn deal, scheduled to fit with a presentation at the San Sebastian Film Festival. A 2010 critics' favorite like "The Social Network," for example, would have been up for consideration this year.)
A slight irony is that Malick's film didn't actually win FIPRESCI's own award at May's Cannes Film Festival — it was pipped to the post by Aki Kaurismäki's still-unreleased "Le Havre." The discrepancy, of course, can be explained by the difference between jury and mass voting patterns: the Cannes prize is determined by a select handful of members, while a collective membership vote is more likely to favor big-league critics' darlings.
Indeed, the list of previous FIPRESCI Grand Prix winners, however classy, leans heavily toward expected arthouse hits; "The Tree of Life" is the third Palme d'Or winner in five years to take the award. (Last year's winner, "The Ghost Writer," was perhaps a slighter choice than usual for them, but still came from an entrenched canon filmmaker.) Here's the rundown:
1999 "All About My Mother," Pedro Almodóvar
2000 "Magnolia," Paul Thomas Anderson
2001 "The Circle," Jafar Panahi
2002 "The Man Without a Past," Aki Kaurismäki
2003 "Uzak," Nuri Bilge Ceylan
2004 "Notre Musique," Jean-Luc Godard
2005 "3-Iron," Kim Ki-duk
2006 "Volver," Pedro Almodóvar
2007 "4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days," Cristian Mungiu
2008 "There Will Be Blood," Paul Thomas Anderson
2009 "The White Ribbon," Michael Haneke
2010 "The Ghost Writer," Roman Polanski
2011 "The Tree of Life," Terrence Malick
In this case, I'd say the predictable choice is the right one. "The Tree of Life" is far from my own favorite film of the past 12 months, but nothing has it beat in terms of sparking and enriching the critical conversation; it has a sense of occasion and consequentiality with which no film we've seen thus far in 2011 can quite compete. I expect some US critics' groups will feel the same way come December; if the film is eventually to make a dent in the Oscar race, this is the path it will take. It's not every year that the full force of international critical consensus lands on an American film, after all — Fox Searchlight would be wise to take advantage.
[Photo: Fox Searchlight Pictures]


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Social Security: By the Numbers
Here are five facts about Social Security that might surprise you.
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18 Years Worth of Days
The average retirement lasts for 18 years. Are you prepared to fill that many days?
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Nintendo announce 3DS XL – Bigger and better?
During Nintendo's Direct broadcast last night it was revealed that they are going to release a new version of the Nintendo 3DS featuring larger screens and better battery life.
Just as I was about to drop the cash for a 3DS, Nintendo go and do this! 🙂
Look at the difference here:
Look at the difference here:
The system will be called the 3DS XL and will be released on August 19th in the US, the same day as New Super Mario Bros. 2. (Can anyone confirm Europe?)
The system's top screen will be 4.88 inches and the lower screen will now be 4.18 inches. This makes both screens 90% larger than on the original 3DS. It is noted however that the resolution on the screens is the same as the original 3DS.
The 3DS XL is heavier – weighing 336 grams to the original 3DS' 235 grams.
The new 3DS has a longer battery life than the original. The battery life is quoted as being between 3.5 and 6.5 hours while playing 3DS games (3-5 hours on original 3DS) and between 6 and 10 hours while playing DS games (5-8 hours for original 3DS). The 3DS XL's battery is due to take about three hours and 30 minutes to charge.
Nintendo has confirmed that the 3DS XL will come with a 4GB SD card in the package which is double the size of the original 3DS SD card.
The system will be released in red and blue with a silver option due to drop in Europe. (Lucky us!)
Heres the Nintendo direct broadcast:
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AP US History 2nd 9 weeks exam
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- had within his cabinet both Federalists and Anti-Federalists. At the outset the most important figure was a Federalist, the Treasury Secretary Andrew Hamilton, at whose behest Congress approved the establishment of a national bank and the federal assumpt
- Cabinet members under Washington
- giving the Supreme Court the authority to issue a writ of mandamus was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803). It was the first federal law to fall victim to judicial review.
- Judiciary Act of 1789
- Strategy to pay off all the debt from the Revolutionary War. Also he wanted to establish a National Bank
- Hamilton's plan for establishing national credit
- Hamilton wanted to establish a one but Jefferson was against it.
- National Bank controversy under Washington
- the Jay Treaty settled American differences with Britain for the moment, and the Pinckney Treaty did the same with Spain. Relations with France were rockier, but in the wake of the Citizen Genet and XYZ affairs, Congress enacted the Alien and Sedition Ac
- Foreign affairs between U.S. and France and England
- When war broke out between England and France in 1793, President Washington issued this committing the United States to be friendly and impartial toward both England and France
- Proclamation of Neutrality
- Genet was a special representative to the United States sent by the French government to seek support for the French Revolution. He was popularly received, but when he began recruiting ships and men for service to France, President Washington demanded hi
- Citizen Genet
- John Jay negotiated this with Britain in 1794 in which the British agreed to evacuate posts in the American northwest and settle some maritime disputes. Jay agreed to accept Britain's definition of America's neutral rights. The terms of the treaty provok
- Jay's Treaty
- In this(also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo), Spain granted the United States free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right of deposit at New Orleans. It also settled the boundary dispute between Spanish Florida and the United States on term
- Pinckney's Treaty
- Western Pennsylvania farmers violently resisted paying the whiskey tax imposed by Hamilton's financial program. In 1794 they threatened to destroy Pittsburgh. Washington and Hamilton marshaled the full force of the army to suppress the rebellion, but the
- Whiskey Rebellion
- Differences between political parties, Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
1) Strong Central government
2) Broad interpretation of Constitution
3) High tariff to promote industry
4) Favored industry
5) Pro-British
6) Concentration along eastern Seaboard
7) Primarily upper class
1) Weak Central government
2) strict interpretation
3) Favored free trade
4) Favored agriculture
5) Pro-French (liberal)
6) Concentration in South and West
7) Primarily middle and lower class
- Strict vs Broad interpretation of Constitution
- Strict (Anti Federalists), Broad (Federalists
- President Washington decided not to seek reelection in 1796. Near the end of his term he delivered this that warned the nation against the harmful effects of rivalry between political parties, and against the dangers of permanent alliances with foreign n
- Washington's warning in farewell address
- Adams was bright, honest, but hard to get along with. Federal Pres, but Republican V.P.
- Adams as president, Jefferson as v.p
- Peace commissioners sent to France by President Adams in 1797 were insulted by their French counterparts' demand for a bribe as a condition for negotiating with American diplomats. America's tender sense of national honor was outraged and the affair led
- XYZ Affair
- In 1798 the Federalist Congress passed the four acts collectively known as the this to attack the Republican party and suppress dissent against Federalist policies. They curtailed freedom of speech and the liberty of foreigners resident in the United Sta
- Alien and Sedition Acts
- In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote these. They argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional and that each state had a right to declare them null and void.
- Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
- Jefferson ran against Adams and it went to House of Rep. For vote. Jefferson finally won.
- "Revolution of 1800â€
- All Rep. Elector told to vote for Jeff & Arron Burr. Result was tie. Went to House of Rep. For vote. Finally Hamilton threw support to Jefferson
- Disputed election of 1800
- In 1803 the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from Napoleonic France for $15 million. The purchase secured U.S. control of the Mississippi River and nearly doubled the size of the nation.
- Louisiana Purchase
- President Jefferson commissioned Lewis and Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory and beyond to the Pacific Coast. Their expedition (1803-1806) brought back a wealth of data about the country and its resources.
- Lewis and Clark Expedition
- Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. His rulings constantly upheld the sanctity of contracts and the supremacy of federal legislation over the laws of the states
- John Marshall
- In 1803 the Supreme Court ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. This case established the precedent for judicial review of federal laws.
- "Marbury v. Madison"
- Jefferson got angry over the establishment of judicial review. So, he got Congress to impeach and remove judge John Pickering
- Judicial impeachments under Jefferson
- Burr tied Jefferson for the presidency in the Electoral College vote in 1800 and became vice-president. He later killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel, and was acquitted of conspiring to commit treason when he was party to a mysterious scheme involving the
- Aaron Burr
- Burr challenged Hamilton to duel after Hamilton fought to get Burr defeated at Essex Junto. Hamilton got shot and died.
- Hamilton-Burr Duel
- Pirates from the Barbary states in North Africa habitually seized trading vessels in the Mediterranean Sea and held crews and passengers for ransom. President Jefferson dispatched a naval squadron to deal with the pirates, but the venture failed and the
- Barbary pirates
- occurred on June 22, 1807, the British warship HMS Leopard attacked and boarded the American frigate USS Chesapeake off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, killing or wounding 21 men and capturing four alleged British deserters. The American public was outra
- Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
- provoked by the "Chesapeake" incident and prohibited all exports from U.S. ports. President Jefferson hoped to pressure Britain and France into recognizing neutral rights, but the embargo damaged the economy and was bitterly resented, especiall
- Embargo Act
- In 1808 Congress replaced the Embargo Act with this. It forbade U.S. trade only with Britain and France, and authorized the president to end nonintercourse with either nation if it stopped violating U.S. neutral rights.
- Non intercourse Act of 1809
- replaced the ineffective Nonintercourse Act. It removed all restrictions on commerce with France and Britain, but it authorized the president to reapply nonintercourse to either European power if one of them ceased violating American neutral rights.
- Macon's Bill #2
- issued by Napoleon that said all trade with England is illegal. England issued Orders in Council which blockaded ports and said all ships must to through England.
- Berlin and Milan Decrees and Orders in Council
- attack was unsuccessful. Eng. And Indians under Tecumseh chased Ams. Back and captured Chicago and Detroit. U.S. took back Detroit but gave up on Canada.
- Attempt to take Canada in war of 1812
- The Shawnee chief organized an Indian confederacy to try to defend Indian land and culture in the Ohio country. In 1811 his confederacy was shattered at the Battle of Tippecanoe. Was killed at the Battle of the Thames during the War of 1812.
- Tecumseh
- young congressional leaders who, in 1811 and 1812, called for war against Great Britain as the only way to defend the national honor and force the British to respect America's neutral rights.
- War Hawks
- New England opposed the war with England because England was their main trading partner. Also Federalists opposed b/c they were pro-British.
- Opposition to war
- Americans used no real strategy. They used frigates like Constitution at 1st but then lost effectiveness
- Constitution ("Old Ironsides")
- Captain who defeated the English fleet on Lake Erie which contributed to the retake of Detroit. He quoted "We have met the enemy and they are ours"
- Oliver Hazard Perry
- watched the bombardment and wrote the "Star Spangled Banner"
- Francis Scott Key
- Although it was fought two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent, General Andrew Jackson's victory over the British at New Orleans in January 1815 convinced many Americans, inattentive to chronology, that the United States had won the War of 1812 on the battle
- Battle of New Orleans
- Ended the War of 1812. Britain and the United States agreed to end the state of hostilities. Neither side made any major concessions. With Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo, the war issues had simply evaporated.
- Treaty of Ghent
- In December 1814, a group of Federalists met in Hartford, Connecticut, to protest the War of 1812 and propose several constitutional amendments, including changes to protect the commercial interests of New England. These antiwar Federalists were discredi
- Hartford Convention
- lasted from 1817 to 1823 in which the disappearance of the Federalists enabled the Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony. Times are good b/c divisive issues had subsided. Only one party. Recharter of nation Bank. High protect
- Era of Good Feelings
- Elected president in 1816 and served two terms. He was a weak leader, but his presidency succeeded in achieving several important foreign policy goals with Britain and Spain. He announced the Monroe Doctrine in 1823.
- James Monroe
- Intended to protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition, the American System was the brainchild of Kentucky Congressman Henry Clay. It involved a political trade-off: In return for eastern support for federal aid to railroad and canal constru
- Clay's American system
- died out after the War of 1812
- Decline of Federalist party
- In this case (1819), the Supreme Court prohibited states from interfering with the privileges granted to a private corporation. In its ruling, the Supreme Court mandated that a charter granted by a state was a contract and could not be canceled or altere
- Dartmouth vs. Woodward
- issues involving the Yazoo Land Fraud. The Supreme Court stated that states cannot breach a contract.
- Fletcher vs. Peck
- In this case (1819), the Supreme Court ruled that the second Bank of the United States was constitutional, thus affirming the doctrine of implied powers. The case also determined that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy," thus state
- McCulloch vs. Maryland
- In this case (1824), the Supreme Court ruled that states can regulate commerce that begins and ends in its own territory (intrastate trade), but when the transaction involves crossing a state line (interstate commerce), Congress's constitutional authorit
- Gibbons vs. Ogden
- Americans built roads and canals, and operated steamboats on rivers. This improved transportation allowed manufacturers to deliver their goods and farmers their crops to markets throughout the country
- Developments of Transportation (roads, canals, steamboats, railroads)
· Industrial growth helped to create wealth
· Demands for goods was great at this time
· Birth of the factory system occurred during this time
- Developments in Industry During 1800-1850
· When he emigrated from England to America in the 1790s, he brought with him the plans to an English factory
· With these plans, he helped to build the first factory in America; it was profitable from the start
· The factory system brought
- Samuel Slater and the Factory System
· Francis Cabot Lowell smuggled plans for an efficient power loom into America
· The Boston Associates developed the Waltham System of employing young unmarried women as workers in their New England textile mills; the women lived in boardinghouses
- Lowell System
- · In 1820, after angry debate over issue of slavery in Congress, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state to preserve the balance of slave and free states in the Union. Also, slavery was banned from that part o
- Missouri Compromise
- Limited warships from US and ENG on Great Lakes
- Rush-Bagot Agreement
· Said America will leave Texas alone, and get Florida for $5 million
· Problems w/ Indians and Slaves in GA; people would commit crimes and then escape to FL
· America told Spain we would return FL if they could control it; they couldn't so
- Acquisition of Florida and the Adams-Onis Treaty
· 1817-1822-revolutions in Latin America; Austria, Prussia, France, Russia offer to help Spain regain control; England opposed them helping (b/c they benefited from trade w/ Latin America)
· George Canning of Eng proposed alliance w/ US warning na
- Monroe Doctrine
· Politic divided along sectional lines, no issue divided country so deeply as slavery
· Look to Sectional Issues 1820-1860 chart
- Various Sections and How They Lined Up On Sectional Issues
Beginning of modern politics
-Symbol: Jackson's inauguration
-Before inaugurations were exclusive and dignified
He invited everyone to his (mobs of people came)
More people began to vote b/c many states eliminated property qualific
- Age of the Common Man
· During "Age of Common Man"- Federalists: Died & Anti-federalists (Republicans): split into Nat'l Republicans (later Whigs then Republicans) and Democratic Republicans
· Beginning of voting on personality
- Emergence of Modern Parties
· Dealt w/ voting on personality; saying mean things about political opponent
· Used in first election of Jackson
- Mudslinging
· During the "Age of Common Man", many states drew up constitutions that eliminated property qualifications for voting and holding office
· More people started voting
- Changes in Ways of Electing President
· The practice of elected officials appointing loyal members of their own party to public office
· Jackson was accused of initiating the spoils system (which he called rotation-in-office) when he was elected to the presidency in 1828; didn't reall
- Spoils System
· Peggy Eaton was John Henry Eaton's wife; John Henry Eaton was a friend of Jackson
· Eaton married Peggy; scandal resulted with her being snubbed by the cabinet wives b/c they felt Peggy got with before she was available
· Cabinet wives le
- Peggy Eaton
a. Jackson took states' right position in controversy between Cherokee Indians and GA
b. He pursued a policy of removing Indians from the path of white settlement
c. Some tribes resisted and were subdued by troops
d. Cherokee attempted to
- Indian Removal
- Marshall ruled that the Cherokee were "not a foreign state" and therefore couldn't sue in a federal court
- Cherokee Nation v. GA
· Marshall ruled that states could not control Cherokee or their territory (also overturned conviction for murder of a Cherokee named Corn Tassel on the grounds that the crime had taken place in Cherokee territory
· "Cherokee nation is a nat
- Worchester v. GA
- US forced about 15,000 Cherokee to leave GA for lands in Oklahoma.About 4000 died along the way
- Trail of Tears
- SC's planters objected to a new tariff law passed in 1832 that lowered duties less than they had hoped; they also resented northern agitation against slavery. Radicals in the state saw the two issues as related (by tyranny of majority) and they turned to
- Nullification Controversy
· Calhoun attempted to make Jackson take strong stand as Southerner state rightists
· Jackson found out about plan
· Break between Calhoun and Jackson was made public here
- Jefferson Day Banquet
· In 1832 President Jackson vetoed a politically motivated proposal to renew the charter of the second Bank of the United States. Jackson's veto
message asserted that the Bank was unconstitutional, a dangerous monopoly, and vulnerable to control b
- Veto of National Bank (BANK WAR)
· Following his victory in the Bank War, President Jackson decided to withdraw federal funds deposited from nat'l bank
· Secretary of Treasury Roger Taney then redeposited the funds in several state banks that Jackson's enemies dubbed.
- Pet Banks
· In 1836, President Jackson issued this to halt a speculative land mania fueled by the easy availability of paper currency issued by state banks
· It provided that purchasers must pay for public land in gold and silver. It abruptly halted the spe
- Specie Circular
· President after Jackson; "Jacksonianism W/out Jackson"
· Approached most problems sensibly
· Had misfortune to take office as Panic of 1837 hit; didn't cause it, but his policies did nothing to help
· According to Robert Re
- Martin Van Buren
a. Called for construction of gov't owned vaults to store federal revenues; all payments to gov't were to be made in hard cash
b. Plan was economically irresponsible, but worked well for many years
- Independent Subtreasury
- A consequence of President Jackson's Specie Circular. The Panic passed quickly, but in 1839 falling cotton prices and state defaults on debts frightened investors and a general economic depression began that lasted until 1843.
- Panic of 1837
· "Tippecanoe, and Tyler, Too." campaign slogan; log cabin was a symbol
· Whigs stole Democrats tactics by nominating a popular general and shouting praises of the common man
· Whigs nominated William Henry Harrison against Van Bu
- "Log Cabin Campaign"
~won election with the "Log Cabin Campaign"
~died less than a month after inauguration; first time a president died in office
- William Henry Harrison
~one of the least productive presidents there ever was
~vice-president when Harrison fell ill and died; his actions led to up to the civil war
~none of the parties accepted him; each thought be belonged to the other
- John Tyler
~French visitor to U.S. in the early 1830's
~He was impressed by the relative equality of opportunity and condition in
America and wrote of it in his classic description of Jacksonian American, Democracy in America
- Alexis de Tocqueville
~a spiritual movement that began as an emotional counteroffensive to the deism identified with the French Revolution
~participating ministers assaulted Calvinism by stressing mercy, love, and benevolence of God
~they emphasized the ability of p
- Second Great Awakening
~evangelist; brought the Second Great Awakening to its crest in the early
~encouraged his listeners to take their salvation into their own hands, and
that, with the grace of God, salvation was available to anyone
- Charles Grandison Finney
~most important of the religious communes founded in the early nineteenth century
~Joseph Smith founded the religion in western NY in the 1820's
~they were resented because of their unorthodox religious views and exclusivism
~Brigham You
- Mormons
~an intellectual movement that represented the fullest expression of early
nineteenth century romanticism
~it was a mystical, intuitive way of looking at life
~adherents argued that humans could transcend reason and intellectual
- Transcendentalists
~Brook Farm was a utopian community and experimental farm established in 1841 near Boston.
~Utopian societies felt they could make the world a better place
~Rappites- George Rapp, renounced marriage and sex; Shakers- Ann Lee, common property; O
- Utopian societies, such as Brook Farm, etc.
- the author of The Last of the Mohicans in 1826; presented a vivid, if not romanticized, view of frontier life
- James Fennimore Cooper
~New England's Puritan heritage and its continuing influence fascinated this romantic novelist
~his books analyzed the themes of guilt, sin, and pride
~he wrote The Scarlet Letter which was a sympathetic analysis of adultery
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
~an American novelist who was acutely aware of the existence of evil in the world and his works reflected that insight
~Moby Dick dealt symbolically with the problem of good and evil, courage and cowardice, and, with faith, stubbornness and pride
- Herman Melville
~one of the most imaginative romantics of the early nineteenth century
~he was fascinated with mystery, fright, and the occult
~of particular note was his work, The Raven
- Edgar Allan Poe
~a belief in the moderate use of alcoholic beverages that attracted many advocates in the early nineteenth century
~waged a national crusade against drunkenness
~advocates used both moral appeals and the coercive power of law to successfully re
- Temperance
~an early nineteenth century reformer devoted to improve the care of the insane
~she traveled extensively inspecting asylums and poorhouses, but in the long run, her hopes for reform were not realized
~Schools for blind and deaf.
- Dorthea Dix
contrasted the Philadelphia System of solitary confinement and severe
punishment to the Auburn System of work but also had strict codes of conduct or a flogging would result
- Prison reform
- ~an early nineteenth century education movement that was grounded in the belief that a successful republican government depended on an educated citizenry; this defined a need for free tax-supported common schools, which all children were expected to atte
- Free school movement
~aka Cult of True Womanhood
~term used to describe make expectations of females' roles in American society during the early nineteenth century
- Cult of domesticity
~a women's rights meeting held in 1848
~drafted the Declaration of Sentiments modeled after the Declaration of
- Seneca Falls Conference
~founded in 1817; purchased African land and established the Republic of Liberia; accomplished little
Liberty Party:
~Arthur and Lewis Tappan organized this political party after they broke w/ Garrison over issues of abolitionist's involvement
- American Colonization Society
~former slave who escaped to the North and became active in the abolitionist
~determined campaigner against slavery and racial prejudice
- Frederick Douglass
~an immediate abolitionist; published The Liberator which was an abolitionist
newspaper that called for the immediate abolition of slavery and the treatment of blacks as equals
~he called for immediate, uncompensated emancipation of slaves, and
- William Lloyd Garrison
- advocate of Fourierism; journalist; "Go West young man"
- Horace Greeley
a romantic group of early nineteenth century artists specialized in grandiose
pictures of wild landscape
- Hudson River School
~natives of SC; sisters who began a public career in the abolitionist movement
~male abolitionists objected to their prominence in the movement, and the
sisters turned to the advocacy of women's rights
- Sarah Grimke, Angelina Grimke
organized the Seneca Falls Convention for women's rights in 1848
~campaigned for the woman's right to vote, own property, attend college, and
enter into professions
- Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- born a slave in Maryland; helped many slaves escape on Underground Railroad
- Harriet Tubman
- forerunner of modern black nationalism
- David Walker
~In 1831, a Virginia slave, led a brief, but bloody slave revolt
against local whites
~When his revolt failed, he was captured, tried, and executed.
~The revolt terrified southern whites.
- Nat Turner
~the idea that in time the U.S. would extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific
~people went westward believing it would happen; John L. O'Sullivan coined the
- Manifest Destiny
~Stephen Austin got Spanish gov't to give permission for Americans to move into TX; Mexico took over
~Americans try for independence; Alamo attacked by Santa Anna; Battle of San Jacinto led by Sam Houston
~Independent TX appealed to U.S. for an
- Texas revolution, annexation
~established eastern part of Canadian border (New Brunswick and Maine)
~Maine and Massachusetts wanted all of the land as drawn on the old Ben Franklin Map from the end of the Revolutionary war
- Webster-Ashburton Treaty
- established western border between U.S. and Canada
- Buchanan-Packenham Treaty
~big expansionist; wanted to complete Manifest Destiny
~tried to provoke Mexico into war
- James K. Polk
- the commander of American armies in northern Mexico during the Mexican War. In 1848 he was elected president as a Whig candidate. He died in office in 1850.
- Zachary Taylor
- commander of the campaign to capture Mexico City during the Mexican War. After an amphibious landing at Veracruz, his army marched overland and captured Mexico City in September 1847.
- Winfield Scott
- the agreement that ended the Mexican War in 1848. In it, Mexico accepted the Rio Grande as its boundary with Texas and ceded New Mexico and California to the United States. In return, the United States agreed to pay Mexico $15 million and assume the $3.2
- Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
- an amendment to an 1846 appropriations bill provided for banning slavery from any territory the United States might acquire from Mexico as a result of war. It never passed Congress, but it generated a great debate on the authority of the federal governme
- Wilmot Proviso
- a confidential dispatch to the U.S. State Department from U.S. ambassadors in Europe. It suggested that if Spain refused to sell Cuba to the United States, the United States would be justified in seizing the island. Northerners claimed it was a plot to e
- Ostend Manifesto
- 1850, provided for the demilitarization and joint British-American control of any canal across the Central American isthmus of Panama. For Americans, it was a response to the need for improved communications to the West Coast.
- Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
- in 1853, James Gadsden, U.S. Minister to Mexico, engineered the purchase of over 29,000 square miles of Mexico territory south of the Gila River. It provided a potential route for construction of a transcontinental railroad.
- Gadsden Purchase
- an idea hatched by Michigan Senator Lewis Cass in 1848. He urged it as a solution to the question of slavery in the territories. It called for Congress to organize territories without the mention of slavery, thus leaving it to settlers within the territo
- popular sovereignty
- Congress's attempt to settle several outstanding issues involving slavery. It banned the slave trade, but not slavery in Washington, D.C.; admitted California as a free state; applied popular sovereignty to the remaining Mexican Cession territory; settle
- Compromise of 1850
- this support system set up by antislavery groups in the Upper South and the North assisted fugitive slaves in escaping the South.
- underground railroad
- a novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in response to the Fugitive Slave Act. In it she presented slaves as real people to a northern audience that was moved by the trials and tribulations of Uncle Tom and his family. Many heretofore disinterested nort
- Uncle Tom's Cabin
- in 1854, Senator Stephen A. Douglas introduced this proposal to organize the remaining Louisiana Purchase Territory. Since the Missouri Compromise had banned slavery in that territory, his proposal to use popular sovereignty to determine the fate of slav
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- also known as the American party, this was a nativist, anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic political party organized in the early 1850s in response to the recent flood of Catholic immigrants from Ireland and Germany. The party enjoyed some success in local and
- Know-Nothings
- first presidential nominee of the new Republican party in 1856. Known as "the Pathfinder," he was a noted frontier soldier and a hero of the conquest of California during the Mexican War. He had little political experience.
- John C. Fremont
- the Republican Party organized in 1855 in response to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was a party composed of northerners who opposed the territorial expansion of slavery. It also adopted most of the Whigs' economic program. The party nominated Jo
- Formation of Republican Party
- the contest between pro and antislavery settlers for control of Kansas Territory provoked violence and bloodshed in 1855. For partisan reasons, President Pierce's administration failed to peacefully implement popular sovereignty in this region.
- Bleeding Kansas
- Charles Sumner, an abolitionist Senator from Massachusetts, was brutally beaten in 1856 by a proslavery congressman for his Crime Against Kansas speech, an abusive blast against proslavery politicians.
- Caning of Sumner
- a fraudulently adopted, proslavery constitution that Kansas presented with a request for admission to statehood in 1856. It generated a controversy that divided the Democratic party. Congress eventually rejected it, and Kansas was admitted as a free stat
- Lecompton Constitution
- in 1857 the Supreme Court ruled that blacks were not citizens and could not sue in a federal court, and that Congress had no constitutional authority to ban slavery from a territory, that, in effect, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
- Dred Scott Decision
- in the senate race in Illinois in 1858, Senator Stephen Douglas and Republican Abraham Lincoln conducted a series of debates. These debates focused on the implications of the Dred Scott decision and the future of slavery in America. Lincoln won wide accl
- Lincoln-Douglas Debates
- John Brown's Raid was the ill-fated attempt of the eponymous New England abolitionist to free Virginia's slaves with a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859.
- John Brown's Raid
- the nation fragmented along political lines. Southern extremism as a reaction to Brown's Raid led to split in the Democratic party between Douglas (North) and Breckenridge (South). Southern demands included the recognized right of slavery and the right t
- Election of 1860
- days after Lincoln won, South Carolina predictably seceded from the Union on Dec. 20, 1860. Two levels of secession: first the deep South seceded, and then the upper tier states, like Virginia. Buchanan lacked the political skill and fortitude to guide t
- secession of South
- during the Secession Crisis in 1860-1861, Kentucky Senator John Crittenden proposed a North-South compromise on slavery. He proposed a constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in all territory south of 36e 30', and an unamendable amendment guarante
- Crittenden Compromise
- built on a small island, Fort Sumter was designed to protect the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. When South Carolina seceded in December 1860, the garrison inside Fort Sumter remained loyal to the United States. When the fort's food supplies began
- Ft. Sumter
- Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky. The Emancipation Proclamation did not free the slaves in these states.
- border states
North: population (especially including slaves), manufacturing, weapons production, fairly efficient railroads, and control of merchant marine & navy.
South: fighting a defensive war ("home field" advantage & morality), better mili
- advantages of each side in Civil War
- the CSA was declared to be a nation in Montgomery, Alabama, in February 1861, after the seven states of the Lower South seceded from the United States.
- Confederate States of America
Davis: first (and only) president of the Confederate States of America. He had been a respected Senator from Mississippi and former Secretary of War, but proved unable to provide strong national leadership for the Confederacy during the Civil War.
- comparison and contrast of Davis and Lincoln
- the first Battle of Bull Run, fought July 21, 1861, was also the first major battle of the Civil War. Poorly organized Union troops under the command of General Irvin McDowell were repulsed by poorly organized Confederate troops under the command of Gene
- First Battle of Bull Run
- in the spring of 1862, Union general George B. McClellan launched his Civil War campaign with Richmond as its objective; it failed despite superior numbers of federal troops.
- Peninsular Campaign
- in the second Battle of Bull Run, fought August 29 and 30, 1862, Confederate troops under the field command of Generals Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson and James Longstreet outmaneuvered and defeated Union troops under the rather inept command of
- Second Bull Run
- Lee knew South couldn't hold out as long as North; he decided to take offensive and went into Maryland. McClellan's army somehow stole Lee's battle plans. The battle was bloody and Lee was defeated, but he was allowed to escape. Lincoln then issued the E
- Antietam
- in this battle, fought December 13, 1862, Union General Ambrose E. Burnside failed to dislodge Confederate forces from their defensive position above this small Virginia city. Union forces lost heavily in a poorly conceived assault.
- Fredericksburg
- Chancellorsville was the site of a battle ending in May 1863, marked by a Confederate victory, during which General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was mortally wounded
- Chancellorsville
- first engagement ever between two iron-clad naval vessels. The two ships battled in a portion of the Chesapeake Bay known as Hampton Roads for five hours on March 9, 1862, ending in a draw. Monitor- Union; Merrimac- Confederacy. Historians use the name o
- Monitor v. Merrimac
- Vicksburg was a key Mississippi River port and rail junction that fell in July 1863 to a brilliant Union campaign by Ulysses S. Grant, commander of the Army of Tennessee, during the Civil War.
- Vicksburg
- in 1861, a U.S. naval vessel intercepted a British ship, the Trent, and removed two Confederate envoys. This was a clear violation of international law. The British objected and threatened war, but the crisis passed when Lincoln released the two Confeder
- Trent Affair
- expression used by Southern authors and orators before the Civil War to indicate the economic dominance of the Southern cotton industry, and that the North needed the South's cotton. In a speech to the Senate in 1858, James Hammond declared, "You da
- "King Cotton"
- it freed all slaves in areas then in rebellion against the United States (i.e., the Confederacy) beginning January 1, 1863. By doing so, it made emancipation a war goal and speeded the destruction of slavery.
- Emancipation Proclamation
- Thirteenth: ratified in 1865, this abolished slavery and legally freed southern slaves. Ironically, by negating the Three-fifths Clause in the Constitution, it had the effect of increasing the representation of the southern states in Congress. Congressio
- 13, 14, 15th amendments
- this Pennsylvania town was the site of a pivotal Union victory in July 1863 during the Civil War.
- Gettysburg
- on April 9, 1865, Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union general Ulysses S. Grant in this town in south-central Virginia.
- surrender at Appomattox
- in September 1864, General William Sherman's army captured Atlanta and began marching toward Savannah on the Georgia coast. His march was designed to defeat the enemy's forces, destroy its economic resources, and break its will to resist.
- Sherman's march to the sea
- on April 14, 1865, while sitting in his box at Ford's Theatre watching "Our American Cousin," President Lincoln was shot by southerner John Wilkes Booth.
- assassination of Lincoln
- North used income tax, direct tax on states, loans, and greenbacks (paper money). South levied income tax, borrowed, printed Confederate money, which led to huge inflation by the end of the Civil War. South could also only ask for money from the seceded
- financing war
- an 1862 act that provided states with free grants of land at the rate of 30,000 acres for each member that state had in Congress. The grants were intended to support the building of state agricultural colleges.
- Morrill Land Grant Act
- passed in 1862, this act gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. It encouraged westward migration into the Great Plains after the Civil War.
- Homestead Act
- North used this plan created by Winfield Scott to strangle the South's economy and end the Civil War. Plan was to block southern shipping, cut off Louisiana and Texas from the rest of the South and the Mississippi River, and divide the remaining southern
- Anaconda Plan
- President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction. It was a moderate and quick way to readmit former Confederate states during Reconstruction. When a number equal to 10% of a state's 1860 voters signed a loyalty oath, the state could begin the process of readm
- 10% Plan
- a congressional substitute for Lincoln's ten percent plan. It required a majority of voters in a southern state to a take loyalty oath in order to begin the process of Reconstruction. It also required the repudiation of the Confederate debt.
- Wade-Davis Bill
- a federal refugee agency set up to aid former slaves after the Civil War. It provided them food, clothing, and other necessities as well as helping them find work and set up schools. Congress overrode President Johnson's veto of a renewal bill in 1866.
- Freedmen's Bureau
- VP who replaced Lincoln after assassination. Bad president. Had a horrible temper. Hated the rich.
- Andrew Johnson
- blacks could testify in court cases, marry, and some other rights, but could not bear arms or do anything other then farming.
- Black Codes
- attempted achieval of increased black civil rights, some were Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens
- Radical Republicans
- Main radical republicans. Sumner was the senate leader and Stevens was the house leader. insisted that the Confederate States had "committed suicide" and should be treated like "conquered provinces". Opposed the 10% plan.
- Sumner, Stevens, Wade
- vetoed extension of the Freedman's Bureau and civil rights act. Congress passed over the veto and now congress was in control of reconstruction.
- Johnson's vetoes
- a campaign issue made by Johnson which was a speech tour in protest of the Radicals.
- Election of 1866 (Swing around the circle)
- Frustrated by the refusal of the South to accept Reconstruction, and obsessed with the need to defeat Johnson, Congress passed a series of measures that threatened to destroy the balance of power between the three branches of Government (Judicial, Legisl
- Congressional Reconstruction
- prohibits presidents to remove officials without the consent of the Senate
- Tenure of Office Act
- House impeached Johnson for removing Stanton without their consent. Senate fails by one vote to impeach him but he is weakened and eventually replaced by Grant.
- Impeachment of Johnson
- poor white inhabitants of the South who sought to gain power by taking advantage of newly-freed blacks, Northern Republicans who went south to gain political advancement and wealth, and The blacks were given the privileges and "immunities" gran
- Scalawags, Carpetbaggers, blacks in gov't in South
- divided South into five military districts; ordered a Constitutional Convention with both black and white representatives; ratified the 14th amendment
- Military Reconstruction
- small plots of land given to black families to farm
- Sharecropping
- practiced black intimidation to stop blacks from voting
- Ku Klux Klan
- this would break up the KKK and other intolerant groups so blacks could vote
- Force Acts
- Reps = Rutherford Hayes. Dem = Samuel Tilden. Disputed election because FL, SC, LA had 2 gov'ts. Electoral commission declared Hayes winner.
- Election of 1876
- ended reconstruction, removed federal troops from S. confederate David Key Postmaster General.
- Compromise of 1877
- gold/silver led to boom towns. Permanent settlers. Gold provided money for imports and boomtowns added growth to agriculture and industry
- Mining
- cattle from ranches to cow towns to Chicago to the meatpacking plant.
- Long Drive
- Abilene, Wichita, Kansas City
- Cow towns
- major cattle trails
- Trails such as Chisholm, Goodnight-Loving
- young, cattle drivers
- Cowboys
- places between cow towns where the cattle could eat grass
- Open range
- Concentration, reservations , and acculturation. Killed buffalo
- Removal of Plains Indians
- tribes put together to make negotiation easier, places where Indians were put to live (controlled villages), made the Indians farmers and adapt to the white mans culture
- Concentration, Reservations, Acculturation
- An attempt to assimilate the Indians into American Society. This act divided tribal lands among all Indians with each receiving a portion of farmland.
- Dawes Severalty Act
- legalized Jim Crow laws that allowed states to segregate blacks and whites as long as the facilities provided were equal.
- Plessy v Ferguson
- Jim Crow laws, segregation.
- Methods to disenfranchise blacks
- black accomodationalist who told blacks to become self-reliant and to work hard so that they could earn the white men's respect.
- Booker T. Washington
- founder of NAACP. Favored immediate equality. Did not agree with Washington
- WEB Dubois
- organization of farmers formed after civil war
- National Grange Movement
- sought to outlaw excess of competition of business
- Interstate Commerce Act
- Supreme court ruling that said state could regulate business of public interest (railroads)
- Munn v. Illinois
- nat'l gov't, not states could regulate interstate commerce
- Wabash Case
- rebellion during the removal of plains Indians. Custer defeated by Sioux over gold in black hills of SD.
- George Custer and Little Big Horn
- laws of segregation in the south that attempted to subjugate blacks by restricting their economic and social growth.
- Jim Crow Laws
- integration, stimulated by industry
- Growth of railroads
- owned rail lines throughout the upper Midwest
- Cornelius Vanderbilt
- where two major railroads met
- Promontory Point, Utah
- (all done secretly) money off of items, rebates for other competitors
- Rebates, drawbacks, pools
- Multimillionaire who controlled a quarter of the steel industry with his industry, Carnegie Steel. He supported laissez - faire economy. He also believed the law of competition was beneficial and would bring long - term social benefits.
- Andrew Carnegie
- Men who improved the industry of steel production with the Bessemer process
- Bessemer and Kelly
- The process of monopolizing the whole business by controlling all of the parts from the raw materials to the finished product
- Vertical Consolidation
- made by JP Morgan after he bought steel company from Carnegie, first billion-dollar corporation
- US Steel
- Practiced horizontal consolidation by controlling refineries only. Eventually, he would control 90% of the American oil industry.
- Rockefeller
- major oil company owned by Rockefeller
- Standard Oil Company
- It was a gilded act that was created to suppress monopolistic control and plutocratic influence
- Sherman Anti-trust Act
- American Sugar Company had not violated any laws by taking over a number of competitors
- US v EC Knight Co.
- This means literally "to let alone." The phrase is commonly used to refer to a policy of no governmental interference in the economy or one's personal pursuit of material wealth. In practice, it opposes governmental regulation, but has no quarr
- Laissez-Faire
- Natural scientist Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was thought by some to apply to business and social relationships. The "fittest" business or individual would succeed if left unrestricted. This promoted the values of competition and indiv
- Social Darwinism
- This is the thesis that hard work and perseverance lead to wealth, implying that poverty is a character flaw.
- "Gospel of Wealth"
- Alexander Graham Bell invented the Telephone, Thomas Edison invented things like the Light Bulb, and Samuel Morse invented the telegraph.
- Inventions and inventors, such as Bell, Edison, Morse
- Growth of urban department stores; stores advertised heavily, stressing low prices, efficient service, and money back guarantees. High-volume made for large profits.
- Marketing changes, such as department stores, chain stores, mail order
- Lockout is where the job locks the worker out so that he cannot come back into work until they leave a labor union. Black lists are where the employer puts a person's name in the black list and if the person quits or is fired. The black list is sent to o
- Lockout, black lists, yellow dog contracts, court injunctions
- Strikes are where workers refuse to work until the employer or company gives what they want. Boycotts- To abstain from or act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion.
- Strikes, Boycotts, etc
- The Knights of Labor was organized in 1869 and headed by Uriah Stephens and Terence Powderly. It enjoyed brief success as a national labor organization, especially in the 1880s. It combined the roles of labor union and reform society, and its basic deman
- Knights of Labor, Terrence V Powderly
- In 1886, a meeting was called to protest the killing of a worker during a strike held for an eight-hour workday. The protest at Haymarket Square in Chicago was ended by a mysterious bomb blast that killed seven policemen. It resulted in public condemnati
- Haymarket Square Riot
- This union formed in 1886 organized skilled workers along craft lines and emphasized a few workplace issues rather than a broad social program.
- American Federation of Labor
- A company decision to crush the workers' union provoked a strike at Andrew Carnegie's Homestead steel plant in Pittsburgh in 1892. With ruthless use of force, strikebreakers, and public support behind them, company officials effectively broke the strike
- Homestead Strike
- The strike at the Pullman railroad car company in Chicago was the most important strike of the late nineteenth century. It was provoked by wage cuts. Eugene V. Debs organized the strike, but it was broken when President Cleveland sent federal troops to k
- Pullman Strike
- Some Pullman workers belonged to the American Railway Union, headed by this guy.
- Eugene Debs
- the new immigrants of America came from south and east Europe. Many were Catholic, had a different language, and were viewed as not easily assimilated. Many people called for their restriction and they were thought to be racially inferior. There was a re
- Old vs New Immigration
- This law passed by Congress in 1882 prohibited Chinese immigration to the United States; it was overturned in 1943.
- 233. Chinese Exclusion Act
- changed the character of big-city life. They increase the distance that people could conveniently walk to work. She cars increased city radius to 6 mi. or more, which meant that the area of city expanded enormously. These speeded suburban growth.
- Street cars
- promoted by Louis Sullivan, Sullivan, a leading architect of skyscrapers in the late nineteenth century, stressed the need for building designs that followed function. His works combined beauty, modest cost, and efficient use of space.
- Skyscrapers
- since the new immigrants lack the resources to travel to the agriculturally developing regions, immigrant concentration became even denser in the cities, which spurred the development of many of these. These are often crowded, unhealthy, and crime-ridden
- Ethnic Communities
- a California journalist, who published Progress and Poverty, a forthright attack on the maldistribution of wealth in the United States
- Henry George
- He wrote the utopian novel "Looking Backward, 2000-1887," in 1888. The book envisioned America in the future as a completely socialized society where all were equal.
- Edward Bellamy
- They were community centers located in poor urban districts of major cities. They were usually run by single, young, college-educated women. They tried to Americanize immigrant families and provided social services and a political voice for their neighbo
- Settlement Houses
- made the Hull House in Chicago in 1889
- Jane Addams
- This that was preached by many urban Protestant ministers focused on improving living conditions for the city's poor rather than on saving souls. They advocated civil service reform, child labor laws, government regulation of big business, and a graduate
- Social Gospel
- He was a lay evangelist who urged slum dwellers to cast aside their sinful ways. He preached that faith in God would enable the poor to transcend the material difficulties of life.
- Dwight Moody
- This stressed meticulous research and freedom of inquiry. It specialized in graduate education and attracted scholars and faculty from throughout America and Europe.
- John Hopkins University
- Author (born Samuel Clemens) wrote several books that caught the spirit of the Gilded Age. His works combined real depth with a comic genius that exposed the pretentiousness and meanness of human beings. They were very popular and have lasting appeal.
- Mark Twain
A leading late nineteenth-century literary realist and influential critic, His works described both the genteel, middle-class world he knew and the whole range of metropolitan life. "Silas Lapham," his masterpiece, dealt
with the ethical
- William Dean Howells
- a prominent realist who studied in Europe in the late 1860s and was influenced by the great realists 17th-century. He spent the remainder of his life teaching and painting.
- Thomas Eakins
- Whistler's portrait of his mother ("Whistler's Mother") is probably the most famous painting by an American. He was an eccentric, but he was also talented and versatile, proficient in both realistic and romantic art.
- James McNeill Whistler
- landscape architect, designer of New York's Central Park, was a leading figure in the movement
- Frederick Law Olmstead
- This was a sarcastic name given to the post civil war era by Mark Twain in his book "The Gilded Age." He said that the age looked "gold-plated" but in the reality the core was made of lead.
- Gilded Age
- the tactic of reminding the electorate of the Northern states that the men who had taken the south out of the Union and precipitated the Civil War had been Democrats and that their descendents were still Democrats.
- "waving the bloody shirt"
- Ohio Governor was the Republican nominee for president in 1876. He was elected when a special electoral commission gave several disputed electoral votes to him.
- Rutherford Hayes
- a compromise "dark horse" nominee of the Republican party, was elected president in 1880. He was a weak and indecisive leader. Charles Guiteau, a frustrated Stalwart, assassinated him four months after he become president
- James Garfield
- Led by New York Senator Roscoe Conkling, the Stalwart, anti-reform faction on the Republican party believed in the blatant pursuit of the spoils of office. Their main party rivals were the more circumspect Half-Breeds. Half Breeds- They were a more refor
- Stalwarts
- In the 1884 presidential election, a group of eastern Republicans, disgusted with corruption in the party, campaigned for the Democrats. These thought corruption brought inefficiency to government, but were conservative on the money question and governme
- Mugwumps
- Guiteau was a mentally unbalanced Stalwart office seeker who, in frustration, assassinated President James Garfield in 1881
- Charles Guiteau
- His vice-president and a former Collector of the New York Customs House, became president when Garfield was assassinated in 1881. Like presidents Hayes and Garfield, He was not a strong presidential leader
- Chester Arthur
- Ultra-conservative Thomas "Czar" Reed was a long-time Speaker of the House in the late nineteenth century. He ruled the House with an iron hand.
- Thomas "Czar" Reed
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Bermuda Triangle called and said they've got you. We're unable to detect your location. Please find a location.
Your Houlihan's is located on Anderson across from the KSU Student Union. Toggle
Your Houlihan's is on Anderson across from the KSU Student Union in Manhattan. Call 785-776-5909. Change location Toggle
1641 Anderson Ave
Manhattan, KS 66502
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Looking to eat light? Celebrating a cheat day? Craving comfort food? Whatever your food mood or lifestyle needs, Houlihan's dinner menu is flexible, with bold flavors, lighter bites, classics, organic and vegetarian-friendly options and even dishes made with gluten-free ingredients. They're all made from scratch and cooked fresh from quality ingredients.
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AE86irl 2019 Calendar
AE86irl 2018 Calendar
Our 2019 Calendar with pictures of AE86irl members cars is definitely our best yet.
Calendars are professionally printed and bound with 300gsm cover pages and 250gsm inner pages – all inner pages feature one large image and 4 smaller images of members cars .. with AE86irl Group pic on back cover.
**Please allow 7days for postage/shipping**


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Penneys Silk Shirt Dress
The weather has been beautiful in Dublin thus far in October, so this Penneys silk shirt has been a regular outfit choice of mine. There has been no need for the heavy coats yet. I think the appeal of a shirt dress is its ability to do a few things style wise. I decided to go for the over-jeans option;…View Post


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Our Approach
We are Search Engine & Social Media Experts
Our experts at IDC keep it simple. To make clients happy we first understand what they are actually looking for. We offer free consultation so we can identify your online marketing goals. Then we create a marketing strategy and share it with clients so that client knows where we started, what are we working on and how will we take it to achieve that goal. We strongly believe on the following points…
Identify Business Goals
IDC offers free consultation just to know what a customer / client is looking for. First we listen to your demands and requirement's then we create the strategy by dividing them into short term and long term goals.
Planning / Execution
As we prepare a marketing plan we start working on it straight away. At IDC, we promise 100 % white –hat working and according to the search engines rules and regulations
Process Improvement
Our experts keep tracking the strategy execution and use different mediums and tools to make sure that performance is improving and we are moving towards goal achievement
We strongly believe that customer / client must be updated with the working that's why we prepare weekly / monthly reports using various tools so the transparency level can never be compromised and the relation with the customer stays strong and positive


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Beech Brook Is a Stable Force for Families
Not much can turn a child's life upside down more than being homeless. With little or nothing to call their own, young children in transitional housing are at serious risk for emotional, behavioral and developmental difficulties.
Beech Brook Case Manager Kelly Armstrong works with children ages 3–5 in three of Cleveland's transitional housing shelters, teaching them coping skills and appropriate social interaction through creative play and positive reinforcement.
"These children are in absolute survival mode," Armstrong said. "Because they're so young, they don't have the communication skills, so their stress and fear comes out in their behavior."
In a gentle, nonjudgmental way, Armstrong also helps the parents—who are stressed and overwhelmed themselves—with child development issues and discipline skills so they can better support their children. She is also an on-the-spot resource for countless other programs and social services they may need.
In a time of chaos and crisis, "Miss Kelly," as they call her, is a safe, stable force in these families lives. Her caring, non-threatening demeanor makes her approachable for a population that is generally guarded and distrusting.
"I can't do everything for these families," Armstrong recognizes. "But I do what I can to try and provide a safe, uplifting time when I'm there."


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Για την συνταγή στα Ελληνικά πατήστε εδώ
I love smoothies. For a long time I have been making this chocolate coconut smoothie. My new addiction is this applepie flavored smoothie. Milk blended with applepie ingredients: apple, raisins, walnuts, cinnamon make a perfect refreshing and tasteful smoothie. I am sure you and your kids will love it!
Have a lovely weekend!
1 glass soy milk
1 small apple
2 Tbsp oats
2 Tbsp raisins
1 Tbsp walnuts
3 tsp peanut butter
1/4 tsp cinnamon
1/4 tsp clove powder
Put all ingredients in a blender and pulse until smooth! Serve in a glass. Enjoy!