text:
|Sound-producing amusement or educational devices
|Orthodontic wire retainer
|Visual and audible activated work and method of forming same
|Montgomery et al.
|Talking book with an infrared detector used to detect page turning
|Brefka et al.
|Stimulus/response device
|January, 1984
|Teaching device
|Slavik et al.
|Audiovisual device
|Audiovisual book system
|Talking book having magnetic recording means and shielding means therefor
A a book having a hard back cover and a plurality of pages, each carrying a printed text and a bar code printed along the end margin of the page formed by a series of light reflective and non-reflective elements that identify the page;
B a ROM module secured to the end margin of the back cover and having exposed terminals, said module having stored therein a like plurality of digitized spoken messages, each message corresponding to the printed text on a respective page of the book; and
C an audio player having a base inlet adapted to receive the end margin of the back cover, whereby when the pages thereof, when turned, overlie the inlet, the inlet being provided with inlet contacts that engage the terminals of the ROM module, and electronic means connected to the module through said inlet contacts to read out the digitized messages from the module and convert these messages into audio signals which are reproduced by a loudspeaker and heard by a reader as spoken messages, said audio player including a light sensor array which is laterally displaced from the bar code so as not to interfere with the pages overlying the inlet and is in operative optical relation to the bar code on the page then open to view to produce a page-identifying signal which effects selection for readout from the module of the digitized message corresponding to the printed text on the open page, the audio player being common to talking books of the same type but having different texts.
A a book having a hard back cover and a plurality of pages, each carrying a printed text, a bar code printed along the end margin of the page to identify the page, a printed question relating to the text, and at least two printed answers to the question, one of which is the right answer;
B a ROM module secured to the end margin of the back cover and having exposed terminals, said module having stored therein a like plurality of digitized spoken text messages, each test message corresponding to the printed text on a respective page and digitized spoken question messages, each question message corresponding to the printed question on a respective page;
C an audio player having a base inlet adapted to receive the end margin of the back cover whereby the pages thereof when turned overlie the inlet, the inlet being provided with inlet contacts that engage the terminals of the module, and electronic means connected to the module through said inlet contact to read out the digitized text and question messages from the ROM module and convert these messages into audio signals which are produced by a loudspeaker and heard by a reader as spoken messages, said audio player including means laterally displaced from the bar code so as not to interfere with the pages overlying the inlet and is in operative relation to the bar code to sense the code printed on the page then open to view to produce a page-identifying signal which effects selection for readout from the module of the message corresponding to the printed text on the open page, said player being provided with question and answer switches coupled to said electronic means whereby when the question switch is actuated, the question message stored by said module which corresponds to the printed question on the open page is then read out from the module, and when an answer switch is actuated, the audio player gives an indication whether the answer is the right answer, the audio player being common to interactive talking books of the same type but having different texts and questions and answers.
1. Field of Invention
This invention relates generally to talking books having entertainment and educational value, and more particularly to an interactive talking book and audio player assembly in which the text printed on the page of a book open to the reader is read aloud, the spoken text being digitally recorded and stored in a ROM module secured to the back cover of the book, the player being also adapted to read aloud a question printed on the page related to the printed text, and to indicate whether the reader who selects a right or wrong answer printed on the page made the right choice.
2. Status of Prior Art
Educators recognize that the ability of a child to learn to read well is directly related to the number of faculties a child is called upon to exercise during the learning process. Thus when a child looks at the words of a text as the words are read aloud to him, this learning technique coordinates sight word recognition with phonetics and proper pronunciation. And if the printed text of the book is accompanied by drawings or pictures which illustrate the text, these illustrations facilitate comprehension of the printed text.
But it is not enough for a child to learn to read the words of a printed text and to know how these words sound, for it is fully as important that the child understand the meaning of the text. To promote such understanding, it is necessary to interrogate the child to see whether he has grasped the meaning of the text he has read.
Thus computerized interactive teaching machines are known which present on the screen of a display terminal a printed text providing the reader with certain information to be learned. After reading this text, the reader then presses a button which causes the screen to present a question relating to the information and at least two possible answers thereto, only one of which is correct. By pressing an answer button, the reader indicates his choice for an answer, and the machine then indicates whether the reader has selected the correct answer. Such teaching machines, while of significant educational value, are relatively complex and expensive, and beyond the reach of most consumers. Moreover, they do not facilitate the acquisition of reading skills in that the printed text is not reproduced as a spoken text.
It is also known to provide talking books which include means to reproduce the printed text as spoken messages. Thus Glass et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,540,132 discloses an audio-visual educational device for children constituted by a book and a phonograph mechanism, with phonograph records bearing messages pertinent to the book in sequential order to the pages of the book. The phonograph includes a switch mechanism on the supporting surface of the book for actuating the record mechanism for a cycle of operation corresponding to a limited portion of the book. As the pages of the book are turned, the switch is again actuated to play a subsequent portion of the record corresponding to a subsequent portion of the book.
The Ross U.S. Pat. No. 4,273,538 discloses an educational aid to teach reading which takes the form of a book having lines of printed text and sound recordings of the text on associated magnetic strips. A magnetic pickup is drawn manually or by a spring mechanism along the magnetic strips to play back the recordings.
In Goetz et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,529,832, a book is disclosed which is associated with a phonograph adapted to play recorded messages corresponding to printed matter on each page of the book. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,425,098, a sound-illustrated book is disclosed which includes sound record areas in the form of a spiral track associated with individual pages. U.S. Pat. No. 3,641,684 shows a teaching device for simultaneously teaching the reading and pronunciation of words, the device combining a housing which has the appearance of a book and a tape player within the housing, a replaceable pre-recorded tape and a printed book being detachably mounted on the housing. The text printed in the book corresponds to that recorded on the tape.
In Brefka et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,636,881, a talking book is disclosed having front and back panels. A microcassette tape player and logical circuitry associated with left and right infrared detectors are located on top of the back panel. A ring binder is located at the left of the back panel adjacent the spline and below the left and right infrared detectors. A housing below the ring binder carries an infrared source that energizes the detectors which serve to identify the page being read. In this arrangement, the tape player carries recorded information related to the page being viewed that automatically starts when a page is turned.
Also of background interest in regard to talking books are Schwartz U.S. Pat. No. 3,352,027; Kantrowitz U.S. Pat. No. 3,086,297; Samuels U.S. Pat. No. 2,546,680; Folsom U.S. Pat. No. 3,744,150; Krainin U.S. Pat. No. 3,782,734, and Mayhew U.S. Pat. No. 1,236,333.
In view of the foregoing, the main object of this invention is to provide a talking book and audio player assembly making it possible for a reader of the book to hear a spoken text corresponding to the text printed on the page of the book being viewed, the audio player being separable from the book and being usable with other books of the same type having different texts printed thereon.
More specifically, an object of this invention is to provide an assembly of the above type in which the book includes a back cover having secured thereto a ROM module storing digitally recorded spoken texts corresponding to texts printed on pages of the book, whereby each book of the same type includes an ROM module whose digitally stored recording is appropriate to the printed text of the book.
A significant advantage of a talking book in accordance with the invention which includes a solid-state ROM module is that it does away with the need for tape recordings or phonographs of the type heretofore used in talking books, as well as the need for playback mechanisms required for such sound recordings, thereby effecting major economies in the production of talking books and simplifying their design. The talking book itself may be printed by conventional techniques, for no punch holes or other add-on expedients are required to identify the pages for purpose of sound playback.
Also an object of the invention is to provide an assembly of the above type which is interactive and which makes it possible for the reader not only to hear the printed text on the page being viewed, but to be questioned as to the meaning of the text and to indicate whether his answer is correct to be sure that the text is understood. Thus the user is supplied with talking books having both educational and entertainment value which facilitate his ability to read words, to pronounce those words and to comprehend their meaning.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide an assembly which may be mass produced at low cost.
An audio player in accordance with the invention is common to talking books of the same type and the user of the assembly may therefore acquire a library of such books, each telling a different story or containing educational material. Since the books are relatively inexpensive, this makes it possible for the user of the assembly to enlarge his library at low cost.
Briefly stated, these objects are attained in an interactive talking book and audio player assembly, the back cover of the book having an ROM module attached to its end margin in which is stored digitally recorded spoken texts corresponding to texts printed on pages of the book. Printed on the end margin of each book page that carries a printed text is a page-identifying binary bar code formed by reflective and non-reflective elements. Associated with the book is an audio player having a base inlet adapted to receive the end margin of the back cover and to bring the terminals of the ROM module into engagement with inlet contacts connecting the module to a speech unit for converting the digitally-recorded texts into audio signals which are amplified and reproduced. When the pages of the book are turned, they overlie the base inlet of the player, the bar code on the open page being then exposed to ambient light. The code elements in the code which are reflective direct the light toward an array of light sensors mounted above the inlet and those which are non-reflective do not, to produce binary signals identifying the open page. The page-identifying signals are applied to a sensor interface and are transferred thereby to the speech unit which then acts to read-out from the ROM module the spoken text corresponding to the printed text on the open page whereby the reader of this text hears what he is reading. Also printed on pages of the book is a question relating to the printed text as well as a right and wrong answer thereto. When the reader operates a question switch connected to the speech unit, he then hears the question, and when he operates either one of the two answer switches, he then hears whether the answer selected is correct.
For a better understanding of the invention as well as other objects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following detailed description to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a double page from an interactive talking book included in an assembly in accordance with the invention, the book telling an illustrated story, a portion of whose text is printed on this page which also has printed on its end margin a binary bar code identifying the page;
FIG. 2 shows the bar code which identifies another page of the talking book;
FIG. 3 shows the page-identifying bar code for still another page;
FIG. 4 shows the page-identifying bar code for yet another page;
FIG. 5 shows, in perspective, an assembly in accordance with the invention constituted by a talking book and an audio player associated therewith;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the assembly when the back cover of the book is inserted in the base inlet of the player;
FIG. 7 illustrates the relationship of the light sensor array in the player with the bar code on the open page of the book;
FIG. 8 shows the optical effect of ambient light on a page-identifying bar code and the associated light sensor array; and
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the audio player.
The Talking Book:
FIG. 1 shows by way of example a double page 10 from an interactive talking book included in a book and audio player assembly in accordance with the invention. The audio player serves not only to read aloud the text printed on this page, but also makes it possible to interrogate the reader in regard to the printed text he has read to find out whether he has understood its meaning.
The book in this example tells a story involving characters "Granny Bird" and "Big Bird" taken from the well known educational TV series "Sesame Street." The double page shown in FIG. 1 illustrates on its left side Granny Bird 11 sitting next to a stove 12 on which a water kettle 13 is being heated to make tea, Granny Bird being shown holding a tea cup 14. Granny Bird 11 is facing and talking to Big Bird 15 illustrated on the right side of the double page. Big Bird is sitting at a table and is examining post cards 16.
The printed text of the left side of the page reads, "Then Granny gave me some picture post cards." Granny says to Big Bird, "Do you want to send these to your friends back home?"
The printed text on the right side gives Big Bird's reply, "Yes, you write what I say and I will write my name myself."
Printed along the end margin of the double page is a six bit binary bar code BC which identifies this page. This code is formed by a row of optical bits. Thus 010010 is represented by the illustrated black blocks which are non-reflective and therefore represent an "0," the reflective white spaces between these blocks representing "1"s.
Bar code BC, as will later be explained in greater detail, is optically sensed by an array of light sensors in the audio player associated with the book so that the audio player can identify the page being viewed by the reader and cause the player to read aloud the text printed on the double page, this text being a portion of the story told by the book.
Other pages containing different portions of the story are identified by different bar codes, such as those shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, each identifying a respective page. Thus when the reader turns the double page shown in FIG. 1 and exposes to view another double page having an identifying bar code BC printed on its right end margin, the audio player will then read aloud the printed text on that double-page which represents another portion of the story.
After the child has read the text printed on the double page shown in FIG. 1 and heard this text spoken aloud by the audio player, he then must read the printed question which appears at the bottom of the left side of the double page in regard to this text: "What did Granny give Big Bird?" If now the child presses a question button or the audio player, he will hear this question read aloud.
The child is presented with two possible answers which are printed at the bottom of the right side of the double page. One possible answer, which is the wrong one, is "A cup of tea," this answer being illustrated by a cup. The other possible answer, which is the right one, is "Some picture post cards," this answer being illustrated by post cards. The two possible answers are printed on different color backgrounds, say, red and blue.
The audio player, in addition to a question button, is provided with two answer buttons whose colors match the colors of the printed answers. If, therefore, the child presses the red button to indicate that his answer is a cup of tea, the player will tell him "Your answer is wrong--try again" or an equivalent expression. But if the child presses the blue button, the player will announce, "Congratulations, your answer is correct. Now turn to the next page."
Thus the talking book is interactive and affords what is known in behaviorist psychology as "positive reinforcement," which is conducive to the learning process; for the child, if he performs well, is rewarded by being permitted to go on with the story. In short, in the process of reading the book, the child hears the text of what he is reading and in doing so is taught how the words he has read are pronounced as well as spelled, and the child is also interrogated as to the meaning of the text to be sure that he understands it.
An assembly in accordance with the invention is by no means limited in its applications to storybooks for children, for it can be used to teach foreign languages or other educational subjects where being able to hear as well as to read the printed text facilitates the learning process. However, it is not essential that the spoken messages which accompany the printed text correspond to the text, for in some instances it may be desirable that the spoken messages comment on the text or impart instructions to the reader.
And while in the example illustrated only two possible answers are given to each question relating to the printed text on the page, in practice one may provide multiple choice answers and an appropriate number of answer buttons.
The Assembly:
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown an assembly in accordance with the invention constituted by a talking book TB and an audio player AP associated with the book. This player is usable with any one of a library of talking books of the same type; that is, books which include a page-identifying bar code and an ROM module.
Book TB is provided with a hard front cover 17 and a hard back cover 18. Bound between these covers are pages P containing printed texts. Those pages whose printed texts are to be read aloud by the player have printed thereon a page-identifying bar code BC in the form shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. Securely nested in a depression formed at the end margin of back cover 19 is an ROM module 19 whose terminals 19T are exposed on the face of the module.
When back cover 18 is inserted in the flat base inlet 20 of audio player AP, whose dimensions are such as to accommodate this cover, the ROM terminals 19T are then engaged by corresponding inlet contacts which connect ROM module 19 to a speech unit in the player. In practice, the ROM module may be bonded or otherwise attached to the inner face of the back cover rather than nested therein.
A read only memory chip or ROM module is a solid-state, non-volatile memory, which once data is loaded into its discrete storage sites, the data stays therein even if power is shut off. It is known to use a ROM to store data in the form of words or speech messages. Thus in the ROM arrangement disclosed in the Shirf et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,803,535, in order to load the ROM, spoken words are first analog recorded to produce an audio waveform which is then sampled at a high sampling rate. Each sample is digitized and stored as a binary value in a ROM site. In order to extract the stored words from the ROM and reconstruct the audio waveform, the stored digital values are read out from the ROM and fed in sequence as input signals to a digital-to-analog converter.
In the present invention, ROM module 19 attached to the back cover of the book is loaded with as many spoken messages as are required to record the printed text of the book, each message corresponding to that portion of the text which is printed on an identifiable page. Hence the page number is used to extract the spoken message related to the printed text on that page. Also stored in the ROM are spoken messages corresponding to printed questions on the pages of the book, each question message being accessible by way of the number of the page carrying the printed question.
Message extraction from a ROM, as explained in the Shirf et al. patent, is effected by a start-of-message signal which is applied to an electronic clock, such as an electronic oscillator, which then generates a train of periodic pulses. These clock pulses are applied to a counter that causes the memory sites in the ROM where the digitized samples of the message are stored, to be read out in sequence.
The digitized sample signals yielded by the ROM are applied to a D-to-A converter whose output is a stepped analog waveform. This is applied to a low-pass filter to smooth out the abrupt transitions in the stepped waveform to produce an audio signal closely resembling the original audio signal.
The bit storage capacity of ROM module 19 must be sufficient to record all of the spoken messages required by the talking book. Since this storage capacity is an important factor in the cost of the ROM module, data compression techniques may be used to reduce this cost.
The flat base inlet 20 of audio player AP is formed by parallel upper and lower plates. A spring contact inlet pad 21 is mounted at the underside of the upper plate at a position, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, to engage terminals 19T of the ROM module when the end margin of back cover 18 is inserted in the base inlet. As shown in FIG. 9, the contacts of inlet pad 21 connect the ROM module to the speech unit 22 of audio player AP.
This speech unit, when it is given the identification of the page P that is open to the reader, then functions to extract from the ROM module the message which corresponds to the printed text of the open page. Speech unit 22 is provided with a crystal-controlled oscillator including a crystal 23 that serves as a clock. The output of speech unit 22, which is a stepped audio signal waveform, is fed to a filter 24 which smoothes the waveform to produce an audio waveform which closely resembles the original audio waveform of the message. The output of filter 24 is applied to an audio amplifier 25 whose output is fed to a loudspeaker 26 so that the reader can hear aloud the text printed on the open page.
Mounted above inlet 20 in the case of audio player AP is a sensor array, generally designated by numeral 27, the position of the array being such as to pick up ambient light reflected from the bar code BC printed on the margin of the page of the book that is open to the reader. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the sensor array includes an aperture plate 29 which is inclined 35 degrees with respect to the vertical axis, behind which is a mirror 30 to reflect light passing through the array of apertures to corresponding light sensors S1 to S6 mounted on a supporting pad 31.
The optical relationship of the elements of the bar code to sensors S1 to S6 is illustrated in FIG. 8, where the bar code shown by way of example is composed of a row of reflecting and non-reflecting elements, the first element being nonreflecting, causing no ambient light to be directed to sensor S1 in the array. The second element is a space on the white paper and is therefore reflective, causing ambient light reflected thereby to be directed to sensor S2. The third element is nonreflective; hence no light is picked up by sensor S3. The fourth element is a reflective space, causing light to be directed toward sensor S4. The fifth and sixth elements in the code are non-reflective, so that sensors S5 and S6 receive no light. Thus the binary signal yielded by sensors S1 to S6 in this example is 010100.
As shown in FIG. 9, sensors S1 to S6 in the array are connected to a sensor interface 32 which may take the form of a microprocessor that cooperates with speech unit 22 so that the page-identifying signal received by the interface is transferred to the speech unit which then reads out from ROM module 19 the recorded messages corresponding to the text on the open page whose identifying code is presented to the sensor array. Thus whenever a page of the book is turned to lie over the base inlet of the audio player to be viewed by the reader and by the sensor array, the audio player then picks up the identifying code of that page and reads aloud its printed text.
Player AP, as shown in FIG. 5, is provided with a row of button-actuated switches Br, Bq, BAa and BAb, all connected to speech unit 22, as shown in FIG. 9. When button Br is pressed by the reader, this causes the speech unit to again extract the messages from the ROM module which correspond to the printed text on the page then open to the reader. This feature is useful; for if the reader has found a particular text difficult to read, he may wish to hear it repeated aloud.
Button Bq is pressed by the reader after he has read and heard the printed text on the open page, and then wishes to read the question on the page related to the text, and have it read aloud to him. When button Bq is pressed, the speech unit 22 extracts from ROM 19 the digitized recording of the question on the identified page, which recording is decoded and reproduced in the manner previously described.
Now that the reader has read and heard the question, he must decide which of the two possible answers printed next to the printed question is correct. To assist him in making this choice, buttons BAa and BAb have colors which match the different ground colors of the two printed answers; hence the reader presses the button whose color corresponds to that of the answer he believes to be correct.
If the reader gives the wrong answer, the audio player then tells him that his answer is wrong and he should try again. But if the reader has correctly answered, the audio player then congratulates him on his correct answer and instructs him to turn to the next page in the book. It is not necessary or desirable to record messages in ROM 19 which give the audio player's response to the selected answers; for regardless of the subject matter of the book and the nature of the questions, the audio player will in all instances deliver the same spoken message to the effect that the answer is either right or wrong. Hence the "right" and "wrong" messages may be digitally recorded in a small capacity auxiliary ROM 33 incorporated in speech unit 22.
Since the assembly is intended primarily for children, many of whom may not be careful in the way they handle their playthings and books, in practice the assembly may include certain practical features to take this behavior into account. Because the operation of the assembly depends on ambient light to activate the sensor array, it has the advantage that no infrared or other light generators are required for page identification, for these consume power.
However, the child may sometimes try to read the book under poor ambient light conditions insufficient to activate sensors S1 to S6. Should sensor interface 32 fail to obtain adequate output signals from the sensors, it will then instruct the speech unit to extract from auxiliary ROM 33 a spoken message requesting the reader to read his book under a stronger light.
Power for the player is provided by a battery supply 34 which is connected to the various stages of the audio player by a power-up circuit 35 operated by a start switch 36. The arrangement is such that if the voltage output of the batteries is too low to operate the audio player, then the speech unit extracts from auxiliary ROM 33 a message instructing the reader to replace the batteries.
And the player preferably includes a timed shut-down circuit so that if after a predetermined interval the reader does not within this interval, say, two minutes, turn a page or take some other action indicating that he is making use of the talking book, the power to the player will automatically be cut off to conserve power.
While there has been shown and described a preferred embodiment of an interactive talking book and audio player assembly in accordance with the invention, it will be appreciated that many changes and modifications may be made therein without, however, departing from the essential spirit thereof. Thus instead of spoken answers which are given when the answer switches are closed, light or buzzer indications may be given.
Thus while in the foregoing description we have described the talking book and audio player assembly as providing spoken messages which correspond to the respective texts printed on the pages of the book, in practice in lieu of spoken messages or in addition thereto, one may store in the ROM module sound effects or background music appropriate to the text on each page.
For example, if a book in accordance with the invention tells the classic story of "Peter and the Wolf," in playback one may wish to include the sound effects and music which accompany this story in the well-known Prokofiev musical version of this story, thereby greatly enhancing the reader's enjoyment. In this context, whatever is played back (music, sound effects and words) is keyed to the page of the book that is open to be read.
It is important to note that playback is synchronized with the coded pages of the book and is therefore not necessarily in sequential order. If, for example, the book is open on page 3, and the reader then turns to page 7, pages 4 to 6 will not be played back, but only page 7. What is extracted from the ROM module is determined by the unique bar code on page 7 which is optically sensed by the audio player. Hence if the reader, after reading page 7, then turns back to page 5, what he will then hear is the spoken message (or other sounds) related to page 5 and no other page.
One may also provide a simplified version of the interactive talking book which dispenses with the bar code printed along the end margin of each page as well as the light sensor array on the audio player in optical relation to the bar code to produce a page identifying signal.
In this simplified version, each page has a conventional identifying number printed thereon, while the audio player is provided with an array of numbered push buttons similar to those found in a modern dial telephone. These buttons, when actuated, produce digital signals representing the numbers.
Thus if the book is open to page 5, the reader presses button 5 to produce digital signals that act to select from the ROM module the digitized spoken messages corresponding to the printed text on page 5. And if the book is open to page 12, the reader then presses buttons 1 and 2 to select the appropriate messages from the ROM module. In all other respects, the talking book including the interactive feature is similar to the book previously described.


text:
UV Water Purifiers
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For more information on our UV Water Purifiers, feel free to call or Whatsapp me at (246) 233-2502 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
When it comes to picking out glasses, once you know your prescription from your eye doctor, its all about style. You want your glasses to help you see, and you want your glasses to allow you to look good while you are wearing them. If you want to the next pair of glasses you choose to look stylish while being functional, look for oversized glasses, tortoise shell glasses, and thick rimmed glasses.
2 July 2019
Dry eyes can be extremely uncomfortable. They can cause blurred vision, pain, and irritation. If you experience dry eyes, you shouldn't ignore it. Left untreated, excessive dryness can actually cause damage to your corneas. Here are four ways you can treat your dry eyes: 1. Use eye drops. If you experience only occasional dryness in your eyes, over the counter eye drops may be all you need. These drops are made of saline and preservatives, and they help by providing extra lubrication for your eyes.
24 February 2019
Some people can see well right after eye surgery, while it may take others days or even weeks to see like normal again. No matter how long it takes for you to see well again after having cataract surgery, there are a few things you can do to make the recovery process more comfortable overall. Consider using one or more of the following suggestions. Keep Your Eye Covered It's important to keep the eye that was worked on covered in some way for the first week or so after surgery.
17 November 2018
If you've never seen an eye doctor before, there's a lot of new things you'll be experiencing. Eye doctors use specialized equipment and technology to examine every facet of your eye to ensure that your vision is healthy. One of these tests examines the pressure in your eyes. Here's what you can expect from your first eye pressure test. Why It's Performed Eye pressure is a very important component of your eyes.
28 August 2018
Has your child been asking to trade in his or her eyeglasses for contact lenses? As a parent, you may be a bit skeptical about letting your child do this. Whether or not this is a good decision lies in how responsible your child is and your child's current level of maturity. Read on to learn about the benefits and drawbacks of contacts for children as well as how to know if your child is ready to made the switch.
26 June 2018
Getting anything in your eyes that isn't supposed to be there can be painful and annoying, but toxic substances are downright dangerous. Whether it's something as common as household cleaning solution or something more unusual, it's important to know in advance how to care for your eyes if something dangerous gets in them. Prepare yourself by reading this simple guide. Read the Directions The very first thing you should do in these instances is to read any directions the product has on it.
10 April 2018
If you are sick of putting in contacts every morning or always wearing glasses that fog up or get bumped on things, then you may be thinking of LASIK surgery. However, a lot of patients approach this surgery with apprehension until they either go through it or have a friend who does so. After all, having a laser aimed at your eyes does sound scary! Thankfully, most of the concerns about LASIK are unfounded.
10 February 2018


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This is an honest account of a miscarriage I suffered at 21 weeks and 5 days. I'm speaking from my heart and I would prefer you not to read it if you think it may upset you or affect you in any way. Tomorrow normal posts will be resumed, today I have to get this out of my system. Thank you for understanding.
2006. Paul and I had been trying for a few months to get pregnant, I was due to be 40 at the end of April and aware that time was on a countdown. I had been off the pill for six months and luckily for us around the 6 month mark it happened. We were on holiday in Italy for my son's 18th birthday at the time.
We came home with this massive secret so excited but decided to wait a while before telling anyone. The norm for spilling the beans is the three month mark but we were bursting with excitement and on a family break to Ilfracombe, Devon we decided to let the family know. We were having meals together as we were all in the same house and I was avoiding alcohol, surely they would twig?
They were all very pleased for us but I couldn't help but feel for one sister in law plagued with polycystic ovaries and trying for years. I know our news upset her as she discovered another person was pregnant and she still wasn't, but time was running out for me and I had to grab my last chance. Inside my soul I prayed deeply that she too would have her baby soon as I felt a thief getting what she wanted so desperately.
The pregnancy was going very well, I was commuting to London daily to work at the Italian Tourist Board and evenings and weekends were spent relaxing and enjoying the feel of my swelling belly. It was probably around the 13 week mark that I started to bleed slightly which freaked me out no end. I had had no problems with my two older children's pregnancies and couldn't understand why? It seemed like a terrible omen but after visits to both my midwife and my GP I was told it was nothing to worry about and quite common. I could only sit and wait and pray.
I noticed the more active I was the faster the bleed so I slowed right down. I stopped lifting things and Paul took over all the housework while I lazed on the sofa.
At 15 weeks or 16, I'm sorry my memory fails the exact timings, I was upstairs in bed watching Friends. It was the final episode, do you remember the one where there is a bomb or a huge commotion in the A&E? Bodies everywhere, well my memory is sketchy here too as I missed it. Just as we were getting to the end, I felt something down below and ran to the loo. Something was coming out and I was afraid it was the baby. A blood clot the size of my hand slipped into the toilet and I was frightened like I'd never been before. I called Paul and I collected the blood clot in a Tupperware box – just in case it could help the doctors know what was happening to me and together we made our way to A&E both of us tense and worried and me ,strangely enough, a bit annoyed that I'd missed the ending of Friends(?) The weirdest thought to have at such a personal dramatic moment.
I was given a thorough check, they laid me on a bed in a quiet room away from the main ward. More blood, more clots and I cried, clutching my tummy, looking at Paul and pleading to him, 'I don't want to lose our baby.' 'Stop it.' as if he could magically take control of destiny. They bought a doppler in and listened to my tummy, I was warned by the lady using the device that she was not trained and the baby was still small she may not hear anything. I suppose they have to cover themselves these days but I nodded eager to hear a heartbeat….and there it was. I can't tell you my relief. I wept once again this time the tears releasing me from the tension that had steadily been building up over the past couple of weeks. I was taken to a ward and once settled Paul went home.
I stayed in hospital a couple of days, I was scanned and I discovered I was expecting a healthy little girl, the problem seemed to be coming from the placenta, there was an area that was detached and that was causing the bleeding and clots as it tried to heal itself constantly. I got a medical certificate and stayed home from work, on the one hand happy to be able to focus on my child and on the other guilty at leaving my colleague in the lurch with our shared job.
The pregnancy continued and I got bigger and bigger and with each day that passed I got more and more confident that maybe we had just had a glitch that was now over but the bleeding never stopped. I had turned 40 without alcohol and many friends had travelled from Italy to celebrate me which I was enormously grateful for.
It was at 21 weeks and 3 days at dinner with friends in a gorgeous country pub with a mad hatter owner that I realised I quite fancied a glass of wine – unheard of for me in pregnancy where my favourite liquid becomes as appealing as drinking petrol. We stayed the night there and I could feel a few tugs and pulls at my tummy, but nothing too drastic. I slept and in the morning whilst bathing I could 'feel' something at the top of my cervix. I tried to feel more and tug at the 'clot' but it wasn't coming away.
'Oh well, it'll come away in time.' and off we went to spend the day at the beach.
I felt dreadful and family have since told me I looked terrible so we left earlier than planned, tucking me up in bed for a good night's sleep in the hope it would all settle. More tummy pains but my exhaustion sent me into a deep sleep. I was aware of Paul getting ready for work and after he had left the house I got up to use the bathroom, on wiping I couldn't fail to see a tiny foot hanging out of me. In a mad rush, I called Paul from my mobile phone who thankfully hadn't caught the coach yet. I urged him to come home immediately and as I struggled from the bedroom to the bathroom I felt my baby slip further out. I stood in the bath and caught her in my hands shaking and in shock.
My practical side took over. Tupperware box – I knew she was no longer with us and unsaveable at 21 weeks and 5 days. I asked Paul to cut the long placenta with scissors and tidied myself up as I knew I had yet to pass the placenta. Paul called the hospital and they told us to come straight in. It was the quietest, eeriest journey we have ever made and the outcome, well we were no longer expecting and our lives and dreams had been dashed in one foul swoop.
Because she was so close to the 24 weeks mark we had to arrange for her funeral, we were given the option of naming her, I didn't then and shortly after I regretted that decision taken in haste, still in shock and trying to be practical. Elise is her name in my heart and she still lives there and the strangest coincidence I want to share with you is she was born on the 17th July 2006 – two years later on exactly the same day and more or less the same time our twin girls came into the world and that ladies and gentlemen is sooo right it makes me smile and shed a tear at the same time.
I found enormous help and support in the time following my loss at Baby Centre and Baby World where there are forums with wonderful ladies who have all suffered the same loss and help each other to come out of the misery. I made a lot of friends who are still on my Facebook account and I 'see' enjoying happier times. I also found many answers on the Miscarriage Association
I apologise if I made you sad. I am wracked with guilt for putting her in a Tupperware box, but I wasn't thinking straight, for not naming her that day and for not carrying the pregnancy full term. Shortly after my loss a story hit the media of a lady who gave birth at 22 weeks – two days more and the baby survived.


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One of the seven states that make up the United Arab Emirates is Dubai, an exquisite place to visit guaranteed to give one life-lasting memories. The uniqueness of Dubai lies of course in its exotic location but also in the wonderful ethnic diversity. The city has one of the fastest growing populations in the world and it offers stunning architectural masterpieces.
About the Author: For Dubai apartments please visit us and see our new exciting offers. We consider our prime concern to provide modern Dubai furnished apartments and inform our clients about luxurious properties. Our team is confident in its power to meet the growing desire for accommodation in the exciting city of Dubai.


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It is a well-entrenched rule that where the deed of sale states that the purchase price has been paid but in fact has never been paid, the deed of sale is null and void ab initio for lack of consideration. Moreover, Article 1471 of the Civil Code, provides that "if the price is simulated, the sale is void," which applies to the instant case, since the price purportedly paid as indicated in the contract of sale was simulated for no payment was actually made.[8]
Since it was well established that the Deed of Sale is simulated and, therefore void, petitioners' claim that respondent's cause of action is one for annulment of contract, which already prescribed, is unavailing, because only voidable contracts may be annulled. On the other hand, respondent's defense for the declaration of the inexistence of the contract does not prescribe.[9]


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Bear killed on Interstate 75 may have been looking for a mate, FWC says
Florida black bears number more than 4,300 and can be found in preserves, rural lands and neighborhoods. These critters can grow as large as 700 pounds and eat as much as 20,000 calories a day during the fall. Chad Gillis/News-Press
Bears are active this time of year and out to mate, which is probably why a 500-pound male black bear was hit and killed by a vehicle on Interstate 75 Thursday morning.
"Breeding season is starting right now, so that's probably one of the reasons he was crossing I-75," said Mike Orlando, with the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. "So we have bears show up this time of year in all types of crazy places in Fort Myers, Cape Coral, Tampa. They disburse this time of year and it's not unusual for bears to be hit by cars this time of year."
FWC estimates there are about 4,400 bears in the Sunshine State.
More: Black bear causes I-75 crash near Bonita Beach Road, lanes reopen
The largest adult male on record in Florida weighed 760 pounds, with the largest adult female coming in at about 400 pounds.
Road kills are the No. 1 known cause of death for black bears, and vehicle collisions account for about 90 percent of documented deaths, according to FWC records.
The state divides up bear populations into seven zones.
Video: Watch a bear walk across a driveway in North Naples
Lee and Collier counties are in the south zone, which has an estimated population of 1,150 bears, according to the FWC.
"In the northeast region where I'm at we've recovered five bears in the past week," Orlando said.
More bears aren't hit here, he said, because there aren't many roads going through undeveloped areas like Big Cypress National Preserve in Collier.
Bears are relatively abundant in Collier but are also commonly seen in Lee, according to the FWC data.
More: Man attacked by a bear has recovered but is wary around home in North Naples
Orlando said it was difficult to determine the size of the bear because of its condition but that it was about 500 pounds.
"It's a lean time for them," Orlando said. "They go into hibernation in the winter and it's about food availability more than anything else. Our bears will have short periods of naps for the big males while they're waiting for the summer."
Join the Save Our Water Facebook page.


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Feb 25th 2019
Lifestyle Feature: 2019 Vacation Ideas and Trends
Ready to get a break from the winter blues? We've created a list of the top 2019 travel and vacation trends to help you plan your next getaway. Check out the travel trends, and our favorite HAPARI swi…Read The Article


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You Are Special Camp Flag
You are the only one like you.
- Cut-and-sewn wool felt
- Measures 17.5" x 23
- This item is in stock and ready to ship
- This item will ship the same business day (M-F 8-4)
You deserve to be completely happy with your purchase. We offer free shipping on returns and exchanges. Not sure if you like it? Take your time! There's no rush because you have 365 days to decide.


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Algoma, ID Payday Advances
How Much Cash Do You Need?
Get up to $1,000 in your Bank Account as soon as the Next Business Day
There are no Payday Advances listed in Algoma, Idaho. If you would like to submit a listing visit our add your store page
Here are a few things to consider before taking a payday loan in Algoma Idaho.Truth be told there are quite a few points to consider before applying for a cash advance in Algoma ID. The following are Ten tips that we suggest that you to diligently mull over:
1. Be sure that you have accessibility to your most recent work paycheck stubs alongside your bank account details.
2. In the case that you don't understand how you can save and budget your cash, at that point you may possibly would like to debt counselling in order to cut down the need for payday advances in the future.
3. Be mindful of bouncing checks in cases where you have not sufficient budget to reimburse a payday advance loan or cash loan company. The expenses can easily build up rapidly and can typically be pretty high. On top of that, your financial institution can also charge you extra fees.
4. In the case that you think that you've been handled wrongly or dishonestly by any particular payday advance loan or cash loan company, you may enter a grievance with your state bureau.
5. For you to ensure that you pay off your cash advance promptly, see to it that you recognize when the payday advance or cash loan is scheduled to be paid and go through the mandatory steps to ensure that it is settled.
6. Get under way stashing an emergency savings fund of, roughly, $500. By doing this, you will be able to avoid cash advances down the road.
7. As awful as it may be to ask a close friend or relative for money , it can come out better than receiving a payday loan . If that is not an option, try applying for a credit card or any personal credit line before a short term loan , frequently times the fees on these are much less than what you will spend on a payday loan.
8. Execute a credibility check on the organization you are looking into employing for the cash advance service. Anyone may do this by checking the The Better Business Bureau or other Rating bureaus.
9. Make sure that you read the fine print of any payday advance or cash loan arrangement before you affix your signature on it. When you do not grasp something or have suspicions, don't put your signature on it.
10. Rather than stretching out your cash advance and possibly even paying a fee for the reason that you passed up the date it was due , be sure you mark the date it's due on your schedule and pay back the payday advance or cash loan in full.
Other Payday Advances in Idaho
Check 'N Go, Meridian ID
450 S Meridian Road # 35
Meridian, Idaho
More Info
Check 'N Go, Boise ID
10654 W Overland Road
Boise, Idaho
More Info
Ezmoney, Idaho Falls ID
167 Houston Circle
Idaho Falls, Idaho
More Info
Check Into Cash, Post Falls ID
4082 E Primrose Lane # 1
Post Falls, Idaho
More Info


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Mirror Lake Middle School
Chugiak, AK | Anchorage Municipality County
Nearby properties
11404 Jessie Mae Cir, Eagle River, AK 99577
- 4Beds
- 3Baths
- 4,436SqFt
Listing Office: Somers Realtors
22225 Knik Vista St, Chugiak, AK 99567
- 4Beds
- 7Baths
- 5,865SqFt
Listing Office: Keller Williams Realty Alaska Group - Rmg
19450 Joy Ave, Chugiak, AK 99567
- 4Beds
- 4Baths
- 5,631SqFt
Listing Office: RE/MAX Dynamic Properties
20044 Pilots Rd, Chugiak, AK 99567
- 2Beds
- 2Baths
- 1,400SqFt
Listing Office: RE/MAX Dynamic Properties - Eagle River Branch
January 6, 2015
I was a student that has been at this school for three years. I have learned that the majority of the students are really nice, and the teachers that I had were very skilled at teaching. My favorite teacher was my band teacher, who can lead those who can barely blow correctly into a mouthpiece, into high school level songs in three years. I also loved the options and versatility of classes available, and will miss this school very much.
March 27, 2014
This school is horrible. I also pulled my child out after only one year. It was a year that will damage her for life. She was bullied and nothing was done about it. The administration swept it all under the rug to hide it. Don't send your kids there if you have a choice.Submitted by a parent
August 9, 2013
We are pulling our daughter out after 2 years. The teachers are not able to provide the guidance our child needs. They expect the kids to learn and fully be responsible on their own. But with 11-14 year olds that is just not possible. We do what we can at home by making sure she has completed what assignments are posted on zangle but by then it is already days late. The classroom sizes, also, are way too high in my opinion. How can a person properly teach 35-40 kids at once a make sure they all understand the concept before moving on? I have seen some kids excel at this school but those kids are self motivators. If your child is not self motivated, avoid this school. I want a teacher that will look at my daughter and say ' you did good but I know you can do better.' To me early teens still need guidance and motivation; they cannot be left to do it on their own. One thing we will miss is the band program; they make wonderful music and actually learn to read it. But more than likely band will not get my daughter into a good college and career.Submitted by a parent
July 30, 2009
I am from a military family and when I first went to Mirror Lake in 6th grade I was nervous, but the teachers and students were very helpful. Teachers and parents always want what is best for the students. Test scores are very high and there are gifted programs available. If you are new to the school, they have an orientation a week before school starts where they show you different parts of the school and it is always a great way to make friends. That's how I started, was through this Camp Coyote. The music and art department are highly recommended. Their advanced jazz band, concert band and orchestra compete in the Heritage Music Festivals outside of Alaska each year, bringing home gold and silver awards and even best music department beating out the high school competition. There are many after school programs; in short your child will LOVE MLMS!Submitted by a student
January 30, 2007
I went to this school for all 3 years and I loved it. I think its a great school. Its clean and its a good school to got to. Theres so much you can get involved in and the staff is great I never had an issue with them. I would go back if I could. I learned a lot the teachers are very involved and so are the counselors I had to go to the counselors a few times and I think there great. There weren't lots of fights maybe one every 4 months but no big deal.Submitted by a former student
School data provided by


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Robotic Assisted Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
In this blog post Dr. Joseph will review how minimally invasive spine surgery using Mazor X robotic technology can help people who are diagnosed with serious spine problems or complications that have not responded to medication, physical therapy or spinal injections.
Bringing State of the Art Spine Technology to Tampa BayJoseph Spine brings this state-of-the-art technology to our patients and offers a transformative leap forward in spinal surgery. Mazor X maximizes surgical predictability and allows surgeons to achieve greater precision for optimal patient benefit. As with other robotic surgical devices, Mazor X does not perform actual surgeries. Instead it provides surgeons with information and anatomical images of the patient's spine. In the operating room using Mazor X robotic-assisted technology, the blueprint guides surgeons through the operation with more accuracy and efficiency. Mazor X incudes three integrated processes – Planning, Guidance, Verification – to assure greater predictability and precision during your procedure.
Mazor X Surgical Assurance PlatformThe Core of the Surgical Assurance Platform is an innovative set of planning and guidance tools indicated for implant and instrument positioning in spine surgery.
Stage 1 - Planning Robotic Assisted Spine SurgeryThe Mazor X system's 3D planning software is used to create a comprehensive surgical plan as part of a total patient treatment strategy. A pre-op CT scan of the patient is uploaded to the Mazor X software for planning and then two fluoro shots are taken intra-operatively to register. A Mazor X Scan & Plan procedure utilizes an intra-op 3D imaging system, such as Medtronic's O-arm, eliminating the need for a intra-op CT.
Stage 2 – Operate with Mazor XThe Mazor X Surgical System is attached to both the OR bed and the patient. With the surgeon in full control, the Surgical Arm guides the tools according to the surgical plan. The Surgical Arm's reach and range of motion allows for posterior instrumentation from a variety of different trajectories. Minimally-invasive spine surgery using Mazor X robotic technology can help people who are diagnosed with serious spine problems or complications that have not responded to medication, physical therapy or spinal injections. Conditions include:
- Vertebral fractures
- Traumatic spine injury
- Degenerative disc disease
- Spinal weakness or instability
- "Slipped disc" (Spondylolisthesis)
- Narrowing of spinal canal (Stenosis)
- Adult degenerative spinal deformity (Scoliosis, kyphosis)
- Revision Surgeries
- Low back pain
- Leg pain
- Sciatica
- Uneven legs, hips or shoulders
- Abnormal gait
- Breathing difficulties when the rib cage puts pressure on the lungs
- The benefits of robotic spine surgery
- Increase surgical accuracy and help preserve surrounding healthy tissue
- Allow surgeons to more accurately place hardware during the procedure, thus lowering the risk of complications
- Reduce the risk of exposure to radiation from imaging scans
- Improve recovery time due to less time in the operating room and while under anesthesia
- Reduce pain after the surgery for a quicker return to daily activities


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Former Accra Hearts of Oak skipper Thomas Abbey has officially joined PKNP FC after a successful trial.
The 25-year-old signed a contract with the Ipoh-based club after undergoing a successful month trial.
He was without a club after terminating his contract with Egyptian side Ismaily SC in July this year.
He becomes the second Ghanaian footballer to join PKNP FC after former Berekum Chelsea striker Alfred Okai Quaye.
Abbey was a member of the Black Stars 'B' Squad that clinched the 2017 WAFU Cup held in Ghana.


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Accessibility Events | CSS-Tricks
If you're using Apple's VoiceOver, both your phone and your computer will broadcast your assumed disability to the entire internet, unless and until you specifically tell it to stop.
If you're using Apple's VoiceOver, both your phone and your computer will broadcast your assumed disability to the entire internet, unless and until you specifically tell it to stop.
I also discussed this accessibility events feature with my friend who is a screen reader user herself. She said it feels like it's a first step towards a well-meant digital apartheid.
We have a saying at Clearleft:
Everything is a tiny lesson.
I bet you learn something new every day, even if it's something small. These small tips and techniques can easily get lost. They seem almost not worth sharing. But it's the small stuff that takes the least effort to share, and often provides the most reward for someone else out there. Take for example, this great tip for getting assets out of Sketch that Cassie shared with me.
Cassie was working on a piece of JavaScript yesterday when we spotted a tiny lesson that tripped up both of us. The script was a fairly straightforward piece of DOM scripting. As a general rule, we do a sort of feature detection near the start of the script. Let's say you're using
querySelector to get a reference to an element in the DOM:
var someElement = document.querySelector('.someClass');
Before going any further, check to make sure that the reference isn't falsey (in other words, make sure that DOM node actually exists):
if (!someElement) return;
That will exit the script if there's no element with a class of
someClass on the page.
The situation that tripped us up was like this:
var myLinks = document.querySelectorAll('a.someClass');
if (!myLinks) return;
That should exit the script if there are no
A elements with a class of
someClass, right?
As it turns out,
querySelectorAll is subtly different to
querySelector. If you give
querySelector a reference to non-existent element, it will return a value of
null (I think). But
querySelectorAll always returns an array (well, technically it's a NodeList but same difference mostly). So if the selector you pass to
querySelectorAll doesn't match anything, it still returns an array, but the array is empty. That means instead of just testing for its existence, you need to test that it's not empty by checking its
length property:
if (!myLinks.length) return;
That's a tiny lesson.
The text detection API is still in its experimental stage, but it opens up a lot of really interesting possibilities for the web: assistive technology to read out text, archiving tools for digitising text …it's all part of the nascent shape detection API.
A lightweight alternative to Modernizr. It doesn't add classes to your markup so it's up to what you do with the results of any test.
It's perfect for cutting the mustard on a case-by-case basis.
Jason revisits some cutting-the-mustard techniques, as started by the BBC and refined by Jake. This kind of feature-testing is indispensable for progressive enhancement.
Personally though, I'm still uncomfortable with the assumptions baked into equating particular features with particular browsers …maybe I've known PPK too long.
I much prefer to cut the mustard on a case-by-case basis by feature testing the actual APIs I'm about to use in a script. I realise that might be harder to scale, and it's more verbose, but it's the only way to be absolutely sure.
One more reason why you should never sniff user-agent strings: Internet Explorer is going to lie some more. Can't really blame them though—if developers didn't insist on making spurious conclusions based on information in the user-agent string, then browsers wouldn't have to lie.
Oh, and Internet Explorer is going to parse -webkit prefixed styles. Again, if developers hadn't abused vendor prefixes, we wouldn't be in this mess.
A nice bit of sleuthing to trace the provenance of one piece of ill-advised user-agent sniffing JavaScript code.
Good luck getting that script updated for the thousands of sites and applications, you say to yourself, where it's laying dormant just waiting to send devices the wrong content based on a UA substring.
I think it's a bit of a shame that Brett is canning his mobile-first device-detection library, but I totally understand (and agree with) his reasons.
There is a consensual hallucination in the market, that we can silo devices into set categories like mobile, tablet, and desktop, yet the reality is drawing these lines in the sand is not an easy task.
And this is why user-agent sniffing not a future-friendly technique. A new mobile browser comes along, and it has to spoof a fake UA string to all of these sites.
It's a Red Queen arms race.
This is a pretty wacky experiment in altering font size based on the user's distance from the screen (allow the page to access your camera and enable the "realtime" option for some real fun). I don't know how much real-world application this has, but it's a cute'n'fun exercise.
Luke outlines three different solutions to delivering a site to multiple devices.
When I wrote about responsible responsive images a few months back, I outlined my two golden rules when evaluating the various techniques out there:
I also described why that led to my dissatisfaction with most server-side device libraries for user-agent sniffing:
When you consider the way that I'm approaching responsive images, those libraries are over-engineered. They contain a massive list of mobile user-agent strings that I'll never need. Remember, I'm taking a mobile-first approach and assuming a mobile browser by default. So if I'm going to overturn that assumption, all I need is a list of desktop user-agent strings.
I finished by asking:
Anybody fancy putting it together?
Well, it turns out that Brett Jankord is doing just that with a device-detection script called Categorizr:
Instead of assuming the device is a desktop, and detecting mobile and tablet device user agents, Categorizr is a mobile first based device detection. It assumes the device is mobile and sets up checks to see if it's a desktop or tablet. Desktops are fairly easy to detect, the user agents are known, and are not changing anytime soon.
It isn't ready for public consumption yet and there are plenty of known issues to iron out first, but I think the fundamental approach is spot-on:
By assuming devices are mobile from the beginning, Categorizr aims to be more future friendly. When new phones come out, you don't need to worry if their new user agent is in your device detection script since devices are assumed mobile from the start.
One of the recurring themes at the Mobilism conference earlier this year—and more recently at the Breaking Development conference—was the subject of server-side user-agent detection. I posed the question in absurdum on the Mobilism browser panel:
A useful tool for developers or spawn of Satan: which is it?
It's a contentious issue, as Alex's strident defence illustrates. Personally, I've never been a fan but that's mostly because of the long history of really, really bad UA-detection in the past. When I discussed this issue with Lyza we came to a détente, agreeing that there is nothing inherently wrong with server-side UA-detection: it's what you do with it that counts.
In their presentation at Breaking Development Bryan and Stephanie outlined the kind of detection that they have used. Crucially, it assumes a very basic small-screen default—rather than assuming a desktop browser—and later double-checks the profile on the client-side using feature detection.
Luke recently outlined another kind of cautious device detection that he's calling RESS: Responsive Design + Server Side Components, sending subtly-different DOMs to different classes of device. He also recently wrote about why Bagcheck has a separate mobile site and it strikes me that RESS could alleviate the concerns he mentioned regarding responsive design for Bagcheck.
I think that RESS could be a very useful technique as long as it assumes a safe default: a small-screen, low-bandwidth default. That way, any UA detection would be done against a fairly limited set of user agents: desktop browsers and maybe tablets. To me, that seems far more reasonable than trying to pattern-match against the sprawling jungle of mobile devices in the wild …not to mention the swampy morass of licensing issues with Device Atlas (and now WURFL too).
As ever, smart defaults are really important. Just as truly responsible responsive web design goes hand-in-hand with a mobile/content first approach, I think that any server-side detection should do the same. It completely inverts the problem space. Instead of thinking "How can I stop this nice-to-have content/functionality being sent to mobile devices?" you can assume a mobile device by default and then your question becomes "How can I make sure that this nice-to-have content/functionality is only sent to desktop devices?" (the answer probably involves some kind of conditional loading with JavaScript).
A thornier problem with server-side UA-sniffing is that, regardless of whether you're testing against a list of mobile devices or you're testing against a list of desktop devices, you're still committing yourself to an arms race. You are now obligated to keep your list of browsers up to date.
Still, the rate of desktop browser releases is a lot slower than the rate of mobile browser releases. So if a new desktop browser is released and it ends up being served a mobile-optimised DOM, I think that's better than inadvertently serving a desktop-optimised DOM to a whole bunch of mobile devices.
That's just my opinion of course. As ever, the standard disclaimer applies.
A really handy list of really short JavaScript code for HTML5 feature detection.
A microformat detection extension for Firefox 2. This looks more human-friendly than the existing Tails extensions.


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Volunteer Driving Programs
|Organization Details
|Organization Name:
|Transportation Options Network for Seniors (TONS)
|P.O. Box 68030 RPO Osborne Village
Winnipeg MB R3L 2V9
|Organizational Description:
|Transportation Options Network for Seniors/ TONS informs and educates Manitobans on transportation options available to seniors that enhances quality of life. TONS is a community based resource organization that works with transportation stakeholders throughout Manitoba to promote and improve transportation options available to seniors.
|Volunteer Opportunity Details
|Description of Duties:
|Volunteer with Senior Resource Finders in Winnipeg that deliver door to door, personally assisted, driving programs for older adults with mobility issues. Eligible clients are ambulatory but a cane and/or walker may be used.Volunteer drivers use their own insured vehicle and receive a stipend to cover their "out of pocket" expenses.
|Skills Required:
|-Sociable, reliable and able to converse with and assist older adults with their transportation needs;
-Good medical/health condition
- Proven experience as a driver (training is an asset)
- Mechanically sound, clean vehicle
- Valid driver's license, a current Autopac registration form, driver's abstract
- Criminal record and Vulnerable Persons Registry Check
-Three personal references
- Multi-lingual can be beneficial.
|Skills Gained/Related Careers:
|- Previous driver training and or experience
- Safety or First Aid training
|18-30, 31-54, 55+
|Time Commitment:
You can share your time availablity.
|Location of volunteer opportunity:
|Does opportunity require a criminal record check?
Will cost be reimbursed? No
|Does opportunity require a child abuse registry check?
Will cost be reimbursed? No
|Opportunity is available to candidates that:
|Speaks French
Speaks another language: multi-lingual
|Organization will provide:
|A letter of reference
Certificate of recognition
|How to Apply:
Email: email@example.com
|Closing Date:
|Dec 31, 2019


text: A full refund of the program fee and the room and board deposit is available until 4 weeks ahead of time. After that and before two weeks ahead, a partial refund is available. Within two weeks of the retreat, the full room and board rate will be charged. See Star Island's Cancellation Policy.


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The University of East London may shut two of its three campuses as part of a recovery plan ordered by the Higher Education Funding Council for England.
A radical estates strategy could see the university closing its Barking and Stratford campuses while developing its presence in Docklands.
Property consultant GVA Grimley has produced a report detailing four options. The other alternatives are to carry on as at present; to scale down and refurbish the existing estate; and to close the Barking campus but keep Stratford.
The report says that to keep the estate as it is would cost the university £72 million over the next 25 years.
It adds that if campuses were closed, some presence will be maintained in outer East London to meet the needs of the catchment area.
Michael Thorne, UEL's new vice-chancellor, said that management had met this week to consider the options.
"No option is yet excluded or included," he said. "There may be options that we believe should be considered that GVA Grimley has not looked at."
He added that UEL had been rationalising its estate since the flagship Docklands campus opened "to bring the remaining space down to a sensible total".
Local representatives of lecturers' union Natfhe are concerned about job security, terms and conditions associated with any move, and facilities, such as creche provision, at alternative campuses.
In a message to members, the local branch says: "Many staff will be concerned about the potential impact of a revised estates strategy. Some of the options proposed would involve the significant redeployment of staff, which will have an impact on both the working and personal lives of staff."
UEL has to let Hefce know its intentions by the end of January. It was originally due to report back by December 4 but has successfully applied for an extension.
The university was ordered to produce a recovery plan earlier this year after predicting a serious funding gap. It expects a deficit of £2 million in the current financial year.


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AWANA is an international, Bible centered youth ministry providing local churches with weekly clubs and programs from three-year olds through sixth grade. Our goal is to reach boys and girls, and their families, with the gospel of Christ and train them to serve Him. The acronym AWANA comes from the first letters of "Approved Workmen Are Not Ashamed" (2 Timothy 2:15).
Our club meets every Wednesday evening from 6:30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. during the school year, from September through April. It is a program which includes Bible memorization, fun games and age appropriate Bible lessons.
Note: If there is no school on Wednesday, there is no Awana either!
At First Baptist Church you will find the following Awana Clubs
Please don't hesitate to contact us if you have any questions about our Awana programs! Also, be sure to visit the official Awana website for additional information.


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1. Too eager to get something (especially play)
2. Desperate
Being thirsty can apply to men and women, but I'm talking about women here. I'm sure that you know a woman that chase dudes like her very life depends on being with them. She's the one that calls and texts all the time while the guy hardly shows any initiative to communicate with her. she'll make the plans to do things with him and literally has to beg him to show up. She'll sometimes 'sponsor' or buy him things all the time (even without him asking her).
While there's nothing wrong with a woman liking a guy and showing him a little interest. The problem comes when the 'showing' increases to the point where the woman is going outside herself and disrespecting her character to get attention from the guy.
The signs of a thirsty woman are diverse and can be intrinsic to the woman's personality and mind state. What one person may consider as desperate behavior may not be considered as that by another. The key is if the behavior takes you out of what you would consider as respectful to you and your values.
Instead of providing a big list of thirst indicators (a list that may demonize women who are in relationships where the man actually reciprocates his affection, commitment and/ or love); I'll list what I consider as major indications of a thirsty woman.
1. The woman doesn't allow him to contact her first after meeting him.
2. The woman invites herself over to his place before he invites her.
3. The woman don't ask relevant questions when she see or hear something odd about him or she's afraid that it may chase him away if she does.
4. It doesn't bother the woman when he tells her that he doesn't work.
5. Despite him saying that he's not looking for a relationship or commitment; the woman presses on, pressuring him about being in a relationship.
More than half of all heartaches and the accompanying 'bubbly stomach syndrome' would be eliminated overnight if women were to adhere to one rule: do not call him first, allow him to call. Do not chase him. Let him chase you. Men love to chase. While it may feed our egos when a woman chase us (especially if she's hot); after a while most of us lose respect for the woman and she gets 'boring' fast.
So, let him chase you. Let him call you first and arrange the dates. Of course if the woman just wants a hook up; then by all means let 'Stella Get her Groove'. if you want to cultivate a relationship in the hopes for something bigger down the road; you will certainly push him away with your thirsty ways.
Now for the 'putting all men in a box' sentence: most men will initiate contact (sounds like an interplanetary adventure story) when they are truly interested. Of course, men who only want one thing will call first every time. That's where your art of discernment will have to come in and that's a topic for another post.
You shouldn't put up with the 'relationship nonchalant' or the super non talking mysterious dude or better yet, 'the dude with three phones; with so called businesses, but always seem to be broke, who's always busy for everybody else except you'. It shouldn't be complicated. The man that's truly interested in you will jump through hurdles and climb mountains to impress and get your attention.
I wish I could write that there's a 'secret formula' or 'special knowledge' for eliminating thirst and knowing when a man truly wants you (and not only for sex). I will say it again, men love to chase and when we really like and want you, we show it by initiating communication, finding time for you, being clear in our communication and intent; which brings up a side bar.
We need to get back to the old school of courting. I know the word courting brings back memories of you hearing your grams or big momma talking about her days when she was courted by your grandfather. I sincerely believe with all my heart and brain that in order to turn around the dismal state of marriage in this country; we must turn the clock back and revisit this old way.
There's no reason to be in a state of 'girlfriend/ boyfriend' for five or ten years with no commitment in sight. With courting, you meet someone, you go out and eventually get to know one another (this can happen over a period of months)and both of you have conversations about the state of the relationship, what you want or don't want out of it and you decide if marriage is the next stage of the relationship.
While I'm no advocate of getting into a marriage and not knowing or loving your spouse; I think that people should stop wasting each other's time if nothing serious can potentially come out of the relationship relatively soon. Men marry who they find as a great catch. It's in our nature to want to capture or 'own' something that we find most valuable to us. If a man sees the value in you and in locking you down; he will not stretch out a relationship over many years without putting a ring on it early.
If you're thirsty, know that continually being thirsty will never satisfy your thirst. You will always be the chaser. You will always be without a fulfilling relationship. You will always be laughed at (mostly behind your back) by some of your friends and family. By following the simple rule of allowing the man to chase and show you how interested he is in you; even if it takes some time to be in that fulfilling relationship, you will at least keep your sanity, power and dignity.


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January 10, 2017 All Day
Bob Nishek 346-0476
Tuesday, January 10 Sierra Club Hike – Kealia to Anahola Coastal Walk
Kealia to Anahola Coastal Walk. East Shore, moderate 4 mile hike. Miles of great views along this stretch of coastline. We're sure to see Humpback whales this time of year. The first part of this hike is on the bike/walk path up until Donkey Beach and is rated easy. The rest is unpaved and rated moderate. We'll shuttle our cars for a one way hike.


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For more information, see our informational videos here.
Aren't females generally better pets? That's what I've read on the internet.
Trust a breeder, not random websites. There is generally no difference in temperament or care between males and females. Some females can become grumpy a few days before giving birth. Apart from that, they both make great pets regardless of gender.
Do you have any babies available right now?
We wish! Hedgehogs are in big demand so all of our babies are sold in utero, although we can usually provide you an estimated wait time. This seems to be the case with most breeders. Your best bet is to place a deposit. See how to here.
I've placed a deposit. Now what?
Great! You're on your way to becoming a hedgehog owner! But you might have to wait a little. Generally, only 50% of breedings result in success. Be patient and as soon as we have pictures of the litter (at about 2.5 weeks when the eyes open) we will email them to you and post them here on our website. Once the babies have been photographed and sexed, you will select your hedgie based on the order of your deposit.
Is this an appropriate pet for my children?
Yes, they don't bite, scramble away, or smell. With instruction, handling is easy and rewarding.
Can you call me when the litter is born so I can put down a deposit?
We receive several calls daily. Keeping track of all potential customers would be difficult. Additionally, by the time the litter is born, we will have received more deposits than we have babies. Plan on placing a deposit 1-2 months before you pick up your hedgehog.
Is shipping available?
We no longer offer shipping at this time. Sorry!
How often should I bathe my hedgehog?
As infrequently as possible. Hedgehogs don't appreciate baths and the water dries out their skin, stripping it of natural oils. We recommend a foot bath when needed. Let your hedgie run around in about 1 inch of water to clean the feet. If the quills are visibly soiled, then go ahead and give a warm water bath, cleaning the quills with a sponge or toothbrush.
Will my hedgehog prick or bite me?
Hedgehogs only huff as a defense mechanism. If handled properly, they should never cause you pain and certainly won't break the skin. The quills will not become stuck in your skin either. As biting is not a defense mechanism in hedgehogs, it occurs very rarely..
How will my hedgehog do with my other pets?
Fine. Hedgehogs are not bothered by other animals. The worst they will do is huff and go into a ball. Unless you have a badger, your pet will be unable to do any damage to your hedgehog. Of course there should be supervision at all times.
Can hedgehogs cohabitate?
Yes, two females can live together. Two males will not get along.
Will my hedgehog hibernate?
Hopefully not. On rare occasions, even when the temperature is kept at 73 degrees or above, a hedgehog might begin the process of early hibernation. You will notice lethargy, lack of appetite, wobbliness, and cold skin. Place him/her under your shirt to raise the body temperature. Then check the ambient temperature in the room and add some extra bedding to the cage. All will be fine.
Since hedgehogs are nocturnal, should I play with mine only at night?
Any time you want to interact with your hedgie is a good time. Just like us, your hedgehog might have a moment of grumpiness after waking, but that will pass quickly.
My hedgehog is so grumpy when I try to get her out of the cage. Is she feeling ill?
Unlikely. All hedgehogs, no matter how friendly, prefer not to be removed from their cages. They will huff, ball up, and even hiss. Ignore it. This is harmless. Just snatch your hedgie right out of the cage and she will start acting herself again.
I've heard of Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome. What is it and what happens if my hedgehog dies of it?
WHS is not an official disease recognized by veterinarians. We have consulted with the Veterinary Department of the University of Connecticut. They recognize a degenerative, neurological disease that causes imbalance and eventually paralysis. There is no known cure and it is suspected that its victims may have a genetic predisposition to it. Many breeders will tell you that it is inexpensive to get a necropsy and they will provide you with a free hedgehog if yours succumbs to this disease and you have veterinary documentation. However, the brain tissue must be examined by a speciaist. This can cost up to $200 and is not done in by most veterinarians. If you would like to go to these lengths an obtain a necropsy from the University Of Connecticut, we will provide you with a hedgehog for free.
How many mealworms and/or crickets should I feed per day?
Remember that mealworms are a treat not a necessity. Four or five daily is sufficient. Waxworms also make a tasty treat, but refrain from feeding superworms which have too high a fat content.
What is the life expectancy of my hedgehog?
Between 3 and 5 years with many living significantly longer.
Can I return my hedgehog?
We certainly understand that lifestyle changes may result in you needing to rehome your hedgehog. We would be glad to take your hedgehog back. In order to prevent disease and mite contamination, we generally have any new or returning hedgehogs inspected by our veterinarian. Since we incur this cost, we will not be able to provide you financial compensation.


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6Stunning Papillon Puppies KC reg and licensed breederChichester, West SussexThese are a wonderful breed, which won Crufts this year! Great family pets also can do obedience and agility. They are healthy with long coats which don't moult. Easy to care and clean. I have a litter with mainly red sable and white (plus one black and white) there are 4...£775
Wanted pavilion or shitzu puppySheffield, South YorkshireWe have sadly lost our Brandy
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-Score: Clark University 14, Massachusetts Maritime Academy 6
-Records: Clark (4-3), Mass. Maritime (1-4)
-Location: Buzzards Bay, Mass. (Hendy Field)
-The Lead: The Clark University baseball team tallied 13 hits in an eight-run victory over the Buccaneers of Mass. Maritime on Wednesday afternoon in non-conference action. After the Buccaneers trailed by just four through the first seven innings, the Cougars used a six-run rally in the top of the eighth inning to pull the game out of reach with a ten-point advantage, 10-2.
-Clark took an early lead putting up three runs in the top of the first inning. Juniors Andrew Thibault (Nashua, N.H.) and Derek Lefebvre (Groton, Mass.) both walked to start things off. Senior Zach Kelley (Hadley, Mass.) doubled down the left field line to bring Thibault home and put Lefebvre in scoring position on third. Sophomore James Huber (Rochester, N.Y.) singled up the middle to score Lefebvre and Kelley for the 3-0 lead.
-The Cougars extended their lead to four with one more run in the top of the second. After getting on base by a walk, junior Dylan Horn (Sterling, Conn.) stole second to get himself into scoring position and Lefebvre cranked and RBI single to right field to send him home for the 4-0 advantage.
-The Buccaneers got two back in the bottom of the third when first year Jacob Rogers (Dighton, Mass.) crossed home on a wild pitch and his classmate Alex Schlapak (Dover, N.H.) scored on a fielder's choice play at second for the second out of the inning (4-2).
-Clark added another run in the top of the sixth when Horn led off with a single to center field and stole his second base of the day and Kelley batted him in with a single to shortstop (5-2). A run in the top of the sixth put the Cougars up by four when junior Nick Jordan (Seaford, N.Y.) sent an RBI single to left center to score his classmate Callum Sawden (Old Lyme, Conn.) from second (6-2).
-The Cougars doubled their score in the top of the eighth when they rallied six more runs together that included RBIs from junior Ryan Ruhlin (Portland, Maine), sophomore Kai Herko (Friday Harbor, Wash.), Jordan, and Thibault (12-2).
-After Clark pulled ahead 14-2 in the top of the ninth the Buccaneers came together for four runs in the bottom of the inning. Junior Jackson Simone (Seattle, Wash.) sent an RBI single up the middle in the final inning before his classmate Matt Langan (North Easton, Mass.) sent a two-out, three RBI, homer over the fence to pull the hosts within eight. That is as close as they would come as the Cougars held on for the 14-6 final victory.
-Kelley led the Cougars with a 3-for-4 day at the plate, two RBIs, and two runs scored. Huber went 2-for-3 with two RBIs while Jordan was 1-for-4 with a pair of RBIs.
-Langan's homer put him at the top of the statistics board with three RBIs in a 1-for-1 showing at the plate.
-Senior Dan Shaw (Arlington, Mass.) started on the mound for Clark, pitched four innings, did not give up a single hit, struck out two batters, and allowed two runs scored. Sophomore Sean Savage (Berkeley Heights, N.J.) came in for the next four innings, also did not allow a hit and struck out three batters. The Cougar's defense went eight innings without giving up a hit. Savage earned the win on the mound and improves to 1-0 this season.
-Senior Brian Kwedor (Marshfield, Mass.) started on the mound for the Buccaneers. He pitched four innings, allowed four hits, four runs scored (four earned), and struck out six batters. He falls to 0-2 on the season.
-Clark collected a total of 13 hits in their 40 at bats while Mass. Maritime finished with just three hits in their 29 at bats.
-Clark hosts the Judges of Brandeis University in their first home game of the season on Saturday, March 16th for a double header starting at 12:00 p.m. They will return to the field for two more games on Sunday, March 17th when they host Saint Joseph's College of Maine starting at noon.
-Mass. Maritime is back at home tomorrow, Thursday, March 14th for a game with Wentworth starting at 3:30 p.m.