text:
Human Social Complexity and World Cultures 2009-2010
- ANTH174-09 Class talk
- Instructor Doug White drwhite(at)uci.edu 4-5893, in class noon-12:30 and office hour 2-2:30 New Gateway (SBSG) Building, Rm 3544 https://eee.uci.edu/
- TA Janny Li jli18(at)uci.edu, office hour Mon 10-11 am Starbucks on campus (look for her inside!)
- Fall 2009 Anthro 174AW 60330 Human Social Complexity, World Cultures, 12:30-1:50 Rm 155 SSTower
- Run a powerful regression program that does estimates of the effects of causal factors that you select for study in a database of two thousand variables on features of the full range of diverse human cultures (the SCCS). Take the open source page R home with you and the database and software. Receive tutorials to learn these methods, learn from other student projects, do an 8-minute powerpoint on your findings, and finish with a 12 page term paper done with writing-course critiques. Learn how to understand complex human systems and write about them.
- How to become a participating member of this class to get a grade
- 1 Hints for the wiki
- 2 Themes
- 3 Theme and Texts
- 4 Background readings
- 5 Day one Sept 24 exercise and discussion of key reading
- 6 Day two Illustrative tools and projects for term papers Sept 29 (includes Eff and Dow)
- 7 Day three - Understanding key problems Oct 1
- 8 Day 4 project example Oct 5
- 9 Day 5 your project Oct 8
- 10 Day 6 Tues Oct 13: Your paper proposal due soon; studying clustering and cultural interdependence in Maps, Language phyla, Religion, and Ecology
- 10.1 Two sets of note takers for today
- 10.2 1 page proposal DUE TODAY combines your depvar with readings to do this:
- 10.3 Mac Version is working
- 10.4 Leading spaces problem
- 10.5 Warning messaages
- 10.6 Spatial clustering and MAKING MAPS WITH SPSS
- 10.7 Tasks from Day 5
- 10.8 Your paper proposal due Thursday, Day 7
- 10.9 Get readings for your proposal with GOOGLE SCHOLAR SEARCH
- 10.10 Findings on Spatial autocorrelation in the SCCS
- 11 Day 7 discussion of your paper proposals - due Thursday Oct 15
- 12 Day 8 revising your proposals Tues Oct 20
- 12.1 Two sets of note takers needed for today
- 12.2 Student questions
- 12.3 How to make the program work
- 12.4 INSTRUCTIONS FOR Modeling the changes fpr Amanda's example Day 7
- 13 Thurs Day 9 paper draft and presenting your proposals and findings in 6-minute powerpoints Thurs Oct 22
- 14 Day 10 First powerpoint presentation Tues Oct 27
- 15 Day 11 Learn from powerpoint presentations of other students and DRW amendments Thurs Oct 29
- 15.1 Two sets of note takers needed for today
- 15.2 What's in the Powerpoints?
- 15.3 The problem with Guttman Scales
- 15.4 Discoveries about Debugging
- 16 Day 12 Learn from powerpoint presentations of other students, get help in class Tues Nov 3
- 16.1 Two sets of note takers needed for today
- 16.2 MAKING YOUR LIFE EASIER AND how to get caught up!
- 16.3 Problems with DIVORCE as a topic: SEE Day 6 groups
- 16.4 Example of learning to scan for errors adding indepvars
- 16.5 Making Maps
- 16.6 Results from the McDonald powerpoint (downloadable), interpretations and amendments re: Galton's problem
- 16.7 Computing crosstabs for rape and McDonald indepvars for rape by indvars (Interpersonal Violence, Ideology of Male Toughness)
- 17 Day 13 Learn from powerpoint presentations of other students, get help in class Thurs Nov 5
- 18 Day 14 Learn from powerpoint presentations of other students, get help in class Tues Nov 10
- 19 Day 15 TA help and tutorials Thurs - and rough paper drafts due Nov 12
- 20 Day 16 Making maps for your final paper Tues Nov 17
- 21 Day 17 Getting your final paper together Thurs Nov 19
- 22 Day 18 How to write up your argument and evaluate and report your findings Tues Nov 24
- 23 XGiving -- Nov 26
- 24 Day 19 Feedback sessions on papers submitted early Tues Dec 1
- 25 Day 20 Summing up: What have we learned? Thurs Dec 3 Last class/Student evaluations of class
- 26 ------- Thurs Dec 10 Final papers due, email doc files or place in my mailbox SSPA 3rd floor
- 27 General
- 28 Miscellaneous
Hints for the wiki
- If you are looking for something, type, for example: SCCS (in the searchbox to the left).
- Hint on printing these pages: Don't print wiki pages directly or your page will be cluttered with url's for external links. Rather, copy what you want to print (control-A for the whole page), paste into word, and reset the margins and type sizes if needed, then print from word.
The theme of last year's course, Human Social Complexity and World Cultures 2008, was the cross-cultural study of the social dynamics leading to war, the role of beliefs about conflict, and the more principles that support peaceful coexistence among some societies and warfare among others. Last year the educational exortation in learning valid and reliable research practices was that your generation would have to do a great deal of work in reinventing our social, political, and economic institutions in ways that actually work, and to learn how to develop research and scientific practices, including research writing, that are both honest and sane. In the midst of last year's class, your generation and its countrwide majority of allies, delivered on the promise of a new politics in the U.S. and in the U.S. role in the world order, distinct from the old "new world" order of the ideological neoconservatives.
The theme this year is "the big lies" leading to social and economic collapse, the supression of scientific evidence that might help in the current long-term crisis (gathered by methods that would be needed to pull human societies out of our current dilemmas), and the use of replication studies to validate scientific findings about the dynamics of human societies. "The big lie" over the past decade has been the use of systematic disinformation as government policy and political practice by the U.S. administration under Bush, Chaney, Rumsfeld, Rove and the party of the right (not that the Democrats weren't engaged in the same lobbyist and pork barrel economics), the feeding of doctored "news" from the administration to willing news organizations, the disbanding of financial regulation and total abandonment by our banks, investment houses, insurance companies and regulatory agencies of sane practical, ethical and moral principles of exchange, and similarly in the global economy, and, among other things:
The censoring of scientific reports from government agencies by lobbyists hired to do so by the administration so as disguise the dangers of global warming, climate change, the devastating effects of pollution by land, sea, and air, and the indoctrination of the public in the U.S. that these problems didn't exist.
The academic focus this year is on research methods of scientific replication and accurate evaluation of evidence in the form of writing about research findings from projects initiated in this class.
Theme and Texts
We are in a race in your lifetime either for selfish entrepreneurs suffering from the money illusion to corral all the world's resources without regard to speedup of predatory destruction of the planet or to slow down the frenzy and the technology of greed and instead create sustainable practices. The core readings focus on the dynamics of growth, conflict and destruction using methods of historical dynamics (Turchin) and comparative study of what we can learn from the conditions of peaceful coexistence and the importance of examining and changing beliefs (Fry). Just at literature well in advance of World War I envisioned future horrors, you are already well equipped from our visual literature of images of our future although your vision of how fast nonlinear accelerating climate change will happen catastrophically is nowhere near accurate because of the doctored information that American have been fed. Now would be a good time to learn the techniques of investigative science.
- War and Peace and War: The Rise and Fall of Empires (Paperback). Required but not in bookstore. Read weeks 1-2. $12. The dynamics of historical change in state societies.
- Chapters 1-3 Imperiogenesis: Factors that explain the Rise of Empires
- Chapters 4-6: The Life Cycles of Imperial Nations, Asabiya in the Desert
- Missing: Chapters 7-9 [7] A Medieval Black Hole: The Rise of the Great European Powers [8] The Other Side of the Wheel of Fortune: From the Glorious Thirteenth Century into the Abyss of the Fourteenth [9] A New Idea of Renaissance: Why Human Conflict is Like a Forest Fire and an Epidemic
- Ch. 10-12: Life Cycles of Imperial Nations. 10. The Matthew Principle. 11. Wheels Within Wheels. 12. War and Peace and Particles "Why the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Secular cycles affect practically all facets of social life ..." ---- same chapters: another view
- Fry, Douglas. 2007. Beyond War. Oxford: Oxford University press. Required but not in bookstore. Read weeks 3-4. Amazon $14
Background readings
Day one Sept 24 exercise and discussion of key reading
- For political science, anthropology, sociology and international studies students, see the example by Jahn Detlef of the approach we take (but we use a larger world cultures sample (SCCS). Please read Detlef from day one so as to discuss on day two.
- Exercise: Pick a society from the SCCS. Open the Spss dataset used in class. Find and write down the latitude and longitude of the society. At home study the ArcMap Tutorial. Be prepared to map and explore the region of the society you have chosen in ArcMap, copy maps into a *.doc or *.rtf file, include the urls, and describe what you learned about the region and this culture in particular, if it still exists. Alternately, use Google maps, Google Earth, or Virtual Earth. Use Wikipedia to find out about the society and its current status.
- View a classroom exercise with R: Free software you can install at home. To start R in the classroom click Start and then click the program list. Two R programs will be used for developing the models of cross-cultural causality you will use for developing a class project and paper. You create your own directory under "C:My Documents" and create a "C:My Documents/MI" for your downloads of the software and those files will be stored at one your computer for the quarter. Make a "C:My Documents/MI/YOUR-NAME-HERE" to store your impdat (.Rdata) results which are output by program 1 in the exercise, or you may want to bring a flash disk to save your work to store that files. You need to have the impdat (.Rdata) in "C:My Documents/MI" to run program 2. You can copy files to your desktop but they will be erased when the computer is booted up. Later you will modify (see EduMod) these programs to create instructions for your particular model.
- ANTH174-09 Deborah's Day 1 class notes
- ANTH174-09 Alex's Day 1 class notes
- ANTH174-09 Invisible formatting characters for wiki pages (e.g., class notes)
Day two Illustrative tools and projects for term papers Sept 29 (includes Eff and Dow)
- ANTH174-09_Class_talk#Anthro_174_DAY_TWO_LECTURE:_September_29.2C_2009 -- User:MaryLenore Peralta (Thanks! from) Doug 05:50, 7 October 2009
- Discuss Jahn Detlef.
- Explore Galton's problem and autocorrelation and check out The Big Lie about social complexity: That the elements of our world are not interdependent.
- Causal models with autocorrelation tests (illustrates the spatial aspect of autocorrelation clusters)
- Good jobs, good management, good government
- Not motivated? How about the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster?
- free GIS explorer map browsers*Student paper (EduMod): http://intersci.ss.uci.edu/wiki/pub/A289_paper-Baitzel.pdf
- Read: Eff, E. Anthon, and Malcolm M. Dow. 2008. "Do Markets Promote Prosocial Behavior? Evidence from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample." http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/mtswpaper/200803.htm.
- Compare to Eff and Dow comments on Heinrich et al. 2004 in Markets and prosocial behavior (example of a potential term paper topic)
- Read: PNAS 106:5025-5028 "The medial prefrontal cortex exhibits money illusion" Are humans wired for economic irrationality and monetary greed? (Possible project: compare to cross-cultural correlates of money in the SCCS using Eff and Dow 2009, our term project software)
- Malcolm M. Dow, E. Anthon Eff 2009a Multiple Imputation of Missing Data in Cross-Cultural Samples. Cross-Cultural Research, Vol. 43, No. 3, 206-229 (2009) DOI: 10.1177/10693971093333 (How to make the most out of our SCCS data using our term project software)
- Eff, E. Anthon, and Malcolm M. Dow. 2009. How to Deal with Missing Data and Galton's Problem in Cross-Cultural Survey Research : A Primer for R. Structure and Dynamics: eJournal of Anthropological and Related Sciences 3#3 art 1. Previous draft in pdf
- 0. To download the R files for your analysis, if C:My Documents/MI does
- 1. Make the imputed datasets
- 2. Estimate model, combine results
- SCCS Variables in R for your assignment
- Human Social Complexity and World Cultures 2009 (Course website)
- For an EduMod example of a student paper using a variant of this method see Sarah Baitzel's project - Finding a better model for Eff's study of Average Adult Female Contributions to Subsistence.
Day three - Understanding key problems Oct 1
- LOTS OF QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PAPER SO LETS SEE HOW YOU DO YOUR ANALYSIS FOR THE PAPER: EduMod-3: (sample dep var, copy from here) Imputation and Regression -- how did Eff and Dow get their results? How do you get your results?
- Discuss: do Detleff's results for Galton's problem and autocorrelation in the contemporary era converge with those of Eff and Dow for the SCCS ethnographic sample?
- Discuss: Dow, Malcolm M, and E. Anthon Eff. 2009a. Cultural Trait Transmission and Missing Data as Sources of Bias in Cross-Cultural Survey Research: Explanations of Polygyny Re-examined. Cross-Cultural Research. 43(2): 134-151. The Cultural Trait Transmission variables here are developed in Dow (2007) and corresponds to vertical (language family proximity) and horizontal (special proximity) in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. This paper refutes the finding of Ember, Ember, and Low (2007) that reported male mortality in warfare and environmental pathogen stress as statistically significant predictors of nonsororal polygyny.
- ANTH174-09 Maria's class notes
- ANTH174-09 Christina's Day 3 class notes
- ANTH174-09 Invisible formatting characters for wiki pages (e.g., class notes)
- Read: Ember, M., C. R. Ember, and B. S Low (2007). 2007. Comparing Explanations of Polygyny. Cross-Cultural Research 41(4):428-440. ("Low's (1988b, 1990) pathogen research, using the SCCS (Murdock & White, 1969), links polygyny to an ecological predictor: high exposure to pathogens meeting Hamilton's criteria (Hamilton, 1980, 1982; Hamilton & Zuk, 1982), which are potentially lethal and leave marks apparent to others. These pathogens have been implicated in sexual selection (Hamilton, 1980, 1982; Hamilton & Zuk, 1982). Pathogen stress was coded by Low from medical and public health sources on the latitude and longitude of the sample societies, using data as close as possible to the defined dates for the sample societies' SCCS data. A total of seven pathogens (leishmanias, trypanosomes, malaria, schistosomes, filariae, spirochetes, and leprosy) were each rated on a 3-point scale for frequency; the individual scores were summed for a total pathogen stress score." p.432).
- Other sources for a possible term project on polygyny:
- White, D. R. polygyny pages
- White, D. R. (1988). Rethinking polygyny: Co-wives, codes, and cultural systems. Current Anthropology, 29: 529-558.
Day 4 project example Oct 5
- CLASS NOTES: 2 sets needed
- Talk:ANTH174-09 MaryLenore's Day 4 Class talk WEEK 2 TUES LECTURE: October 6
- ANTH174-09 Maria's Day 4 Notes
- Day 4 Doug White Lecture notes
- Let's now look at a potential polygyny project (polygyny as a dependent variables) that could be done by a student, EduMod-2: polygyny Imputation and Regression. We're going to start with the independent (predictor) variables used by Eff and Dow (2009) and we're going to use their program in R, as posted on this wiki. R is installed on or lab but you can also install it at home and work from the wiki pages. The amazing thing is that once you have your results, the program will tell you if your prediction (in this case, 43%, which is high, is wrong: misspecified, that is, which means that variables have been left out. To study this problem you need to read White and Burton (1988). They use some variables in the SCCS codebook which were not included in Eff and Dow's study, and the R program will tell us there was misspecification, so these omitted variables are likely candidates. The student project is to ADD THOSE TWO VARIABLES to the R code, rerun the analysis, and see if the prediction is better specified. Can we find the causes of polygyny? If so, there will be some surprises. Monogamy, for example, is not increasing with time as a causal variable. That is, the apparent increase in monogamy in modern nations is not an inevitable result of evolution, is is caused by other factors than time.
- White, D. R., & Burton, M. L. (1988). Causes of polygyny: Ecology, economy, kinship, and warfare. American Anthropologist 90: 871-887.
- But also: (Ember, Ember and Low say of the White & Burton model: "only two of the White/Burton predictors are significant, namely, fraternal interest groups (p = .002, one-tailed) and absence of the plow (p = .01, onetailed)." p. 436. "White and Burton (1988) found that various other conditions also predict polygyny in multiple regression analyses (simple amount of polygyny, not nonsororal polygyny). The significant predictors in their multiple regression were fraternal interest groups (as indicated by patrilocal residence and bridewealth), marriage of captives multiplied by small population, war for plunder, absence of the plow, fishing, climate zone ordered in terms of access to rich ecological resources, and female contribution to subsistence. The mechanisms involved are not always clear to us, but it behooves us to examine whether the White/Burton predictors also predict appreciable nonsororal polygyny when we control on our predictors. Bivariately, most of the White/Burton predictors are significantly related to appreciable nonsororal polygyny. Accordingly, we retained all of their significant predictors for the logistic regression analyses we will now describe." p.435). SO WHO IS RIGHT? White and Burton? Ember, Ember and Low? The new results from R? And what about Ember, Ember and Low's idea that "pathogens like parasites cause polygyny"? Can this be true? Or is it a spurious correlation? Here is anthropological critique at its best where actual anthropological evidence collected by ethnographers bears on the issues. This is a real detective story.
Day 5 your project Oct 8
- I need 4 undergraduate students to register for extra credit 1.33 credits. SOC SCI 240A (fall 72100).
ANTH174-09 Lyndon Forrester's Day 5 class notes
ANTH174-09 Jacqueline_Duong's Day 5 class notes
Day 5 problems and solutions
- Doug's comments on day 5 problems and solutions
- Use the OLSresults.csv file in MI to save to the wiki to create leading blanks for your results (as pasted into wiki). Or use Opensource editors that can be downloaded at home for leading blanks for your results (as pasted into wiki). I have asked our lab manager to install "SciTE" (open source, free) on our machines.
Polygyny example for term paper analysis
- Today we will do the Polygyny example: EduMod 2: Polygyny (shortcut)
- Now we'll take another detective story and potential student project: We need some articles on the subject so do a Google Scholar search: "Standard Cross-Cultural Sample"+your topic word, like polygyny. You now have the tools to do your quarter-long research and writing project:
- Zotero research tools for PDFs, your bibliography, and notes
- research literature on your topics, as treated in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample
- the codebook of variables for the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample
- selection of one or several dependent variables from the codebook, with a reasonable number of cases (> one quarter of the sample ie 46+ better yet 93+ or more) each with a reasonable spread of variation
- review your articles to see what variables might be related to your dependent variables
- make a copy of programs 1-2, Eff and Dow, in EduMod, in your word processor, add some new independent variables, define a dependent variable
- run, correct, and debug your changes, noting your edits with ###comments in those lines
- get your results
- evaluate R2 (R squared is the % of variation in the dependent that is explained if the model is well specified)
- evaluate from the statistical results whether the model is well specified
- evaluate other statistical results
Random ideas on topics
- TOO FEW CASES: Types of Magico-religious practitioners should be interesting as a dependent variables (codebook: Winkelman codes). One sure independent variable is settlement patterns. Good test of the missing data imputation procedure because codes are for only 46 cases.
- Finding tailored reading for student projects, e.g., from Google Scholar search above, and a very very preliminary beginning below (we can add to this list in class):
- review of Lewis Binford's attempt, with only 4-8 peices successful, to link macroecology of forager behavior in a sample of 339 hunter-gatherer communities by Kim Hill (UNM), J. Anth. Res. 58:416-419. Such as:
- climatic data and food storage. Latitudes N and S: p256 >35 latitude and food storage; p388 >42 latitude and formal leadership >42 latitude and weapons for land animals and aquatic resources; p389 COLDEST MONTH > -4 Centigrade and complex facilities to obtain food, low niche effectiveness and complex facilities to obtain food. p431 FISHING and storage of dried/salted fish.
Your ideas on topics
Day 6 Tues Oct 13: Your paper proposal due soon; studying clustering and cultural interdependence in Maps, Language phyla, Religion, and Ecology
Two sets of note takers for today
- One to record for assignment due Thurs Anth174-09 Day 6 DepVar and IndVars Notes, by User:Bryanm take down the Depvars and Independent variables and add each contributors User ID [[User:Name]], Depvar; IndVars; 1 Main ref. Once we go quickly thru the class to fill these in we will go back thru for each person to correct their username. You can put more information at your own User pages. Everyone should be able to complete this short pass at specifying your problem by end of class or after class today.
- And one other set of notes.
1 page proposal DUE TODAY combines your depvar with readings to do this:
- . Introduce the topic and depvar(s) and your questions about what the independent variables might be, relate this to your readings.
- . List the codebook numbers for your variables, and copy the relevant codes from the codebook as an appendix (can go beyong 1 page)
- . State some hypotheses about what might be the expected effect of the independent variables on the depvar(s).
- . For example, one student two years ago took frequency of crime and used variables on the support of mother in childhood, support of father in childhood. Lots of variables there to choose from. In a straight regression analysis (without autocorrelation or Eff and Dow missing data imputation) the finding is that crime frequency is reduced by positive support from mother AND from father, both have and effect.
- the codebook (and its index)
- Google Scholar search "Standard Cross-Cultural Sample" + "your depvar topic"
- Your EduMod-XX page -- add new headings at the end, and keep adding, alternating A| B} as in Depvars#Polygyny_series_1
- Put your depvar and bibliography of SCCS studies for your topic on your User page
Mac Version is working
Hi Prof., I was wondering if you could help me run the R-program properly for my Mac. Thank you, User:Christina Park = User talk:Christina Park --- Doug 15:59, 9 October 2009 --- I'll get to work on this on Saturday. Ok, its working now. SEE Mac users Make Directory. Doug 08:19AM, 10 October 2009. Follow those instructions and let me know if you have problems.
Leading spaces problem
Pc Users and the lab
- Mike Migalski is installing TextPad on all the computers in the Lab. Open TextPad, add a space on line one, copy and paste your bbb and ccc results after the space in TextPad. There should now be a blank in front of every line. Use Ctrl-A to copy the TextPad page, then in the wiki use your new page (open with the edit tab and put at the top a new ==heading for results==), then under that heading paste in your results text from TextPad and don't forget to SAVE the wiki page.
Mac Users and at home
- Use the OLSresults.csv file in MI to save to the wiki to create leading blanks for your results (as pasted into wiki). Or use Opensource editors that can be downloaded at home for leading blanks for your results (as pasted into wiki). I have asked our lab manager to install "SciTE" (open source, free) on our machines. YOU WILL NEED TO KEEP RESULTS ON THE WIKI TO COMPLETE THE PAPER REQUIREMENTS (that way I can check your results-DRW). Temporarilty you could paste your results into WORD and print at home. But your results might get mixed up with the programs you ran that way.
Warning messaages
Warnings at the end of the program writing the OLSresults.csv are just telling you it is appending to that file on MI. You can ignore.
Spatial clustering and MAKING MAPS WITH SPSS
If you have network effects of distance or language effects your cases are not independent:-- Then you need to understand the clustering of your variables
- Making maps in Spss of the dependent and independent variables -- Instructions here. We will use Spss in the lab depending on how far we get with the following:
Tasks from Day 5
Day 5 catchup: Polygyny analysis using R at EduMod 2.
Your paper proposal due Thursday, Day 7
By today try to pick one or two possibilities for a dependent variable"
- http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/courses/stdsvars.html index of variables by topics
- http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/courses/stdsstud.html index of variables by study
- http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/courses/SCCCodes.htm codebook (only here do you see actual categories to help define your independent variables in the R program)
Get readings for your proposal with GOOGLE SCHOLAR SEARCH
Do a GOOGLE SCHOLAR SEARCH for "Standard Cross-Cultural Sample"+"your topic word" as we did in class for Day 5/6, e.g.,
- "Standard Cross-Cultural Sample"+polygyny
Findings on Spatial autocorrelation in the SCCS
Dow, M.M., & Eff, E.A. 2008. Global, regional, and local network autocorrelation in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Cross-Cultural Research 42: 148-171. pp 158-159 show variables in the SCCS with high spatial autocorrelation.
White, Douglas R. 1993. [http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/~drwhite/pub/DRW1993Spatial.pdf Spatial Levels in Cultural Organization: An Empirical Study. Handbuch der Ethnologie, pp. 459-88. Edited by Thomas Schweizer, Margarete Schweizer, and Waltraud Kokot. Berlin: Reimer Verlag. pp 487-488 show variables in the SCCS with high spatial autocorrelation.
Day 7 discussion of your paper proposals - due Thursday Oct 15
Two sets of note takers for today
- CLASS NOTES: 2 sets needed
depend on 100 points, summed from
- completion of each assignment, and revisions, improvements
- participation in class, wiki, providing class nodes
- drafts and final paper, and revisions, improvements
- use of literature, construction and logic of your argument
Discussion of paper proposals
Paper proposal due
- User:Amanda McDonald's question was: "How do I get my R program to run with my variables?"
(Our class notes on that are at her user page)
Day 8 revising your proposals Tues Oct 20
Two sets of note takers needed for today
- User:Kat Plummer#Class_8_Notes
- User:Stephen Kim#10.2F20.2F09_Class_8_Notes
- ANTH174-Maria's Day8Notes -- User:Maria Brause
Student questions
PPT. More info? Are we presenting after we finish our papers complete? Or after our research and R^2 findings. DW: after your research and R^2 finding
- Correlating to the PPT question. Papers due when PPT is done? Or by the end of quarter? DW: end of quarter
I wonder how i'm going to use a map on my depvar... DW: looks like we have some fancy GIS software for that, a free GIS browser for each of you, permanent possession, and a link to a GIS server that has custom SCCS maps for our variables (as background see Wikipedia:Standard Cross-Cultural Sample#Cultures_in_the_standard_cross-cultural_sample.
Written feedback on paper topic proposals
Your feedback here Anth174-09 Day 6 DepVar and IndVars Notes, on that page, check also the link to your user or talk page - consult eee for your grade (you may resubmit).
How to make the program work
Practical lessons in getting your Eff and Dow code to run
INSTRUCTIONS FOR Modeling the changes fpr Amanda's example Day 7
- User:Amanda McDonald
- Amanda's model for xR=fullxUR
- Amanda's model for xR=restricted
Tomorrow: A talk about this course, UC electronic journals we use, human complexity wiki
Wed Oct 19 3:30 reception 4:00 talks (Notes)-- Come to my Open Access Day talk tomorrow Oct 21 at the new Graduate Student Center in the Student Center. I will discuss the Structure & Dynamics eJournal (where Eff & Dow were published), the new format of this journal and the World Cultures eJournal that we host, and will discuss this course, EduMod and our class projects, the InterSci Wiki and the multi-UC campus Human Complexity colloquia series. If you registered for 1.33 extra credits for Anth240A you can review this talk for your 240A paper credit.
Whats the philosophy for getting your program to run
Got it? -- Mod it -- copy successful programs (check that they run) modify to make the program do your project.
Thurs Day 9 paper draft and presenting your proposals and findings in 6-minute powerpoints Thurs Oct 22
Two sets of note takers needed for today
Good progress
Doug 14:36, 26 October 2009 (PDT) Three Cs went to Bs today
- Amanda ready to present
- Bryan could be ready to present
- Patrick Kim could be ready to present
- Bui, possibly
Startup for a new project
- You create a new project whenever you change the depvar, and it should start with an xUR (unrestricted model). You can copy an existing example to your EduMod-XX, check that is runs, change the depvar and test if runs. E.g., run the part of the program down through the depvar, then run longer chunks of Program 1. After you have eliminated errors resulting from your edits, run the whole program and save the results to your EduMod-XX.
- A way to do the latter is to edit the last module (segment) of your page, go to the bottom, create a new model headed ==A| My startup xUR program depvar="my var here" copied from "GOOD START"==. Save and check that this header is correct. Then EdiT this header, putting your cursor within the edit space, so you are ready to copy.
- Now go to "GOOD START" at EduMod-11, click on edit, press cntrl-A inside that module, copy that program text, and paste back into your page where you left off, then save your module. Open R, copy the program (still in your copy buffer), and run the program. Make sure that program runs.
- Now change the depvar and test again if it runs.
- Once you get results create a ==B| header "xUR model with name of depvar"== below the program that just ran. Run your cursor from >bbb in the program output through the rest of the table, including the >ccc output, and copy. Open Textpad. type one space. Paste your copy of results into TextPad after the space. Do Cntrl-A and copy, then paste the results (with leading blanks in the right column) into your module with the ==B| header ...== and close.
- Stage 2 of your project: Creating your xR. Now comes the hard work to make your xR (Restricted model). Copy your successful xUR page into a new page, well described in a ==A| new depvar header with "depvarname" and SCCS number==. Save the page. Check if it runs down to the end of the depvar. Print the results of this model from ==B| header== above, and note the significant variables.
- Now add between one and three indepvars at the end of these sections, and when adding lines comment the end of the line with #3# so you can easily find each of these changes with the "find" option when editing this page again:
- fx<-
- indpv<-
- x<-xUR
- x<-xR (currently identical to XRU). Edit out the variables that are not significant, and add one nondepvar.
- Save arun the program. Since you haven't changed the Program 1, you can run the whole program all at once.
- Find the first error that occurs (the should occur in Program 2), correct the error.
- Copy and paste only Program 2 that you have corrected.
- Repeat the last two steps until your program runs.
- This is your xR and you can paste the results to a new ==B| header "xR model with name of depvar"== into a next window.
- Stage 3 of your project: Adding additional independent variables. Repeat Step 2 but adding at most three variables at a time, i.e., so they fit on the same line.
Avoid this error Amanda is at xR stage in her So drop everything page. However, instead of adding her indepvars to an xR model, she added them to the xUR model. This was not necessary and interferes with debugging. She already had the So drop everything xR page with only a few variables in the results, since all the nonsignificant variables had been dropped. There was no point in including those nonsignificant variables in the xR model, which should have only a few variables. It is to that small list of variables that new Indepvars should be added.
GOOD NEWS FOR THE AmandasEduMod-11 project
'Eventually we see it is male toughness and interpersonal violence that affects rape. (23% R2 causality), no significant autocorrelation.
- Doug's sequential link: EduMod-11: (your dep var here) Imputation and Regression to next EduMod
Some more ways of checking for errors
- Define depvar<-v9999 by short arrow <- not long arrow <--, as in depvar<--v9999 would be wrong, it the negative value of -(v9999)
- if you define a new depvar<-v9999 begin to debug by pasting that part of Program 1 and 2 only down to where the depvar<- NUMBER AND NAME ARE DEFINED. That will tell you if you made an error in that change.
- DONT USE A DASH within a variable name like marr-arrange=SCCS$v888
- WHEN EDITING THE PROGRAM, work within an "edit window" and you wont get lost on your Edu-Mod page.
- In general, test to see whether you are starting with a program that works, start only by changing the depvar, then run and debug if you get an error. Then add one-three indepvars that all fit on one line, no more. Otherwise you will get too many errors and be unable to debug them. Each time copy a working copy to a new module and ==A| descriptive header==
- Always describe what you are doing, in the header, the first few lines, and ###comments. Then add a ==B| Results and its descriptive header== and paste the bbb and ccc table BUT ALSO add the name of the depva.
- A number of the programs that are working use a variable for rape v667, but one uses v173 with fewer variables.
It will be expedient to define an indep var with this logic: depvar<-(SCCS$v173==1.or.SCCS$v667==2...but no missing values)*1 but this is more complicated so Anthon Eff is doing the example for the rape variables.
Potentially strong results
EduMod-28: (your dep var here) Imputation and Regression in xRU --> Patrick needs to cull down to xR
Day 10 First powerpoint presentation Tues Oct 27
If not then next time. This time we will exemplify what could go in them.
Two sets of note takers needed for today
Overview for anyone: YOUR ANALYSIS INVOLVES CAREFUL ATTENTION TO THESE DETAILS
- Make a clear plan, keep it simple, dont create confusion for yourself. Dont skip any of these steps.
- Copy from Amanda's page a GOOD START for your xUR model at the bottom of your EduMod page, clearly labeled for content, source, and objective. Keep your notes on progress and problems within each of this and the new series of Edit Windows you will make.
- Always edit and run within and Edit window
- Edit your depvar and run to test down to that part of the code. Then run the rest to make sure your GOOD START works before you go on. If you cant debug your code changing only the depvar check the instructions or email the instructor.
- Compile all the helpful hints above to help you add just a very few indepvars and to debug to get new xUR results (thats the hard part: make only a few changes then run to see if it works)
- Dont get overambitious and try to do too many changes at once since you are guanenteed NOT to be able to find the mistakes, not to back out what you have done wrong, and to make it very difficult to go further or to go back to what was running correctly.
- For this reason every time you get a new A| program edit window running save the B| results in a new edit window, and then copy the A| edit window program below B| with a new ==Edit Window Header that describes what you are doing next==.
- Dont change your depvar. Then you have to start all over again.
- The best source to get good indepvars is in the publication of the authors who did the codes
- Pay close attention to duplication as measured by the VIFs, cull variables out
- For further indepvars, Add only one or a few at a time, run, debug
- When you have xUR results then cull the xR variables down to the significant ones and fyll, fydd
- Based on the experience of this class, the Eff and Dow EduMods for the future will have a prepreprocessor to do the naming and checking for the depvar and each new batch of a few indepvars to simplify the debugging. This is how successful organizations (e.g., Amazon) evolve in our new information economy. You are part of the pioneering period for successful survey and cross-cultural research.
Speaker Amanda McDonald
Powerpoint presentation
Discuss powerpoints and Paper outlines
First powerpoint presentations followed by rough drafts - all due by Nov 10th.
Day 11 Learn from powerpoint presentations of other students and DRW amendments Thurs Oct 29
Two sets of note takers needed for today
What's in the Powerpoints?
Discuss the Unrestricted model (xUR)
- Your chosen independent variables: significant or not
- Other significant independent variables
- R2 in Unrestricted
- Cannot show in full just discuss: how many significant, which ones?
Show the Restricted model (xR)
- All the significant variables
- R2 in Restricted (significant variables and others close to significance)
For the Restricted model (xR) only
- Show and discuss the Diagnostics
- Any variables "missing" according to the diagnostics?
- Significance of the fyll (language) and fydd (distance) effects
For Dep and each signif Indep Code
- Use one slide to display each pair of dep/indep vars and how related
Evaluate your hypotheses
- and where you would go from here
The problem with Guttman Scales
Each set of variables below go into a scale and are not independent of that scale
- if 657-662 then not 663
- if 664-668 then not 669
- if 849-855 then not 877
- if 851-853 or 855 then not 878
Discoveries about Debugging
- Be VERY careful that your indepvar or depvar isnt already an indepvar in Eff and Dow
- For example "lrgfam" v80 and "FamSize" v68 ought not to co-occur in the same study
- YOU CAN CHECK list of Eff-Dow Variables and names
- If there var VIFs in the xUR (unrestricted model) way out of the range 1-3 (variable inflation, e.g., 50, 100, 1000) THEN THE SIGNIFICANCE IS NOT CALCULATED CORRECTLY. This happened in Stephen Kim's EduMod-16. Reduce the complexity of your xUR (the variables with VIFs over 50 for example) and rerun the model. In Stephen Kim's model this changed the significance of agr_late_boy to p=.05.
- Although you cant have agr-late-boy (those are minuses) as a variable name you can use agr_late_boy
- If your new indepvars arent working check what the variable looks like with the line
- SCCS$v999 for example, and the problem may be that there are too few cases.
- One indepvar gave the error "computationally singular" and the program worked after this was dropped.
Day 12 Learn from powerpoint presentations of other students, get help in class Tues Nov 3
Two sets of note takers needed for today
MAKING YOUR LIFE EASIER AND how to get caught up!
Doug 07:36, 3 November 2009 (PST) To get caught up I would suggest making a list of a 2-3 best dependent variables and 4-5 independent variables and use the R crosstab program from day 12 (below) for each pair (max 3 x 5 = 15 crosstabs) to see which depvar-indepvar pairs are the most significant, then start with your favored depvar. E.g., see EduMod-29: (your dep var here) Imputation and Regression.
Problems with DIVORCE as a topic: SEE Day 6 groups
- EduMod-18: (your dep var here) Imputation and Regression OK: 744. (Neg) Frequency of Divorce
- EduMod-14: (your dep var here) Imputation and Regression No progress in EduMod/User page since Oct 15. Dropping?
- EduMod-19: (your dep var here) Imputation and Regression No progress in EduMod/User page since Oct 15. Dropping?
Example of learning to scan for errors adding indepvars
Making Maps
You might want to go back to Day 6: MAKING MAPS IN SPSS and add (1) maps for your dependent variable (are societies clustered by similarity?) (2) your statistically significant independent variables with p <.05.
But we will have a new GIS package for the SCCS and mapping your variables. These will be CDs with ArcGIS 9.3.1 with a 1 year license (till Sept or so) from ESRI. I will have a dowloadable Geodatabase for the SCCS from which you can make maps.
Results from the McDonald powerpoint (downloadable), interpretations and amendments re: Galton's problem
- New Discussion: Inferential versus Descriptive Statistics (Solution of the Galton Problem)
Male Toughness (N=92) Interpersonal violence (N=73) Rape - + Rape - + 664 – 22 | 22 666 - 14 | 20 ---+--- ---+--- 664 + 5 | 43 89% 666 + 2 | 37 95% p = 0.0001 p = 0.0006 <--- DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS ("there is also a moderate (R program below) distance effect & missing data uncertainty that counteracts selection bias in searching for only the significant variables" - DRW) P = 0.024 p = 0.007 <--- OUR EFF AND DOW INFERENTIAL STATISTICS deflate significance 240 times deflated 11 times deflated (i.e., your Eff and Dow results are LESS significant)
- The DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS are 240 to 11 times more significant (inflated, moreso with larger N in this case) than our EFF and DOW inferential statistics. That is what makes RANDOM results often appear as significant, which is GALTON'S PROBLEM. The EFF and DOW estimates correct those spurious results in two ways:
- (1) Controlling for Galton effects of language and distance clustering of similaries and
- (2) Adding the uncertainties introduced by missing data as balanced by larger sample size.
Spuriously significant correlations can also result from the fact that the researcher is trying to find significant relationships from a large number of correlations, and the random variation that will occur in a large number of correlations will produce some random correlations that appear signifant when they are not. THE LARGER THE SAMPLE the less likely this is. Thus when missing data are imputed the full sample is used, which reduces the likelihood of this result.
- 1. Effectively, we have solved for Galton's problem.
- 2. We have shown that in the huge literature of cross-cultural or other survey approaches, use of Chi-squared or null hypothesis significance tests may result in a HUGE NUMBER OF SPURIOUSLY significant results.
- 3. So if you select independent variables from the results of previous or the original researchers, you are likely to be able to DISPROVE the statistical validity of many of their results, thus improving the scientific QUALITY of the literature with new and original results worthy of publication.
Computing crosstabs for rape and McDonald indepvars for rape by indvars (Interpersonal Violence, Ideology of Male Toughness)
Crosstabs ---- McDonald crosstabs (computation) You will see that these are very easy to compute (the R program runs in seconds) and you should include in your powerpoint results that look like or draw on the first R table below, as DRW has done succinctly for McDonald's powerpoint. (DRW edited the table a bit to provide labels for the variables, rows, and columns). See my additional McDonald slide for how to include this new information very succinctly in your powerpoint and term paper. (Your first reaction will be "Hey! Why didn't we do this in the first place" and that's one of the main points of the class and the reason for all of our society's challenger disasters: Detroit cars, vacuum cleaners, health systems and wars that don't work and all the rest. We are more and more technologically adept and scientifically stupid when it comes to the social, policy, and design sciences).
Cell Contents |-------------------------| | N | | Expected N | | Chi-square contribution | |-------------------------| Total Observations in Table: 90 x | no rape | rape= | Row Total | | y = 1 | 2 | | -------------|-----------|-----------|-----------| 664. Ideology of Male Toughness no 1 | 22 | 22 | 44 | ideomaltough | 13.200 | 30.800 | | SCCS$v664 | 5.867 | 2.514 | | -------------|-----------|-----------|-----------| yes 2 | 5 | 41 | 46 | <-- powerful effect here: | 13.800 | 32.200 | | 41/46 = 89% of male toughness societies | 5.612 | 2.405 | | have rape -------------|-----------|-----------|-----------| Column Total | 27 | 63 | 90 | -------------|-----------|-----------|-----------| Statistics for All Table Factors Pearson's Chi-squared test ------------------------------------------------------------ Chi^2 = 16.39752 d.f. = 1 p = 5.13525e-05 = 0.0000513525 Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction ------------------------------------------------------------ Chi^2 = 14.58710 d.f. = 1 p = 0.0001338277
Chi-squares (Chi^2) are converted by p values by the use of chisq tables and more precisely with Fisher exact test which also gives chi-squared, in the above case Chi-squared for Pearson's= 16.398 (p= 0.0000) uncorrected, which corresponds to the p = 0.0000513525 above. The Fisher exact Two sided p-values for p(O>=E|O<=E) give the p-value= 0.0000649501 but often give a much smaller value.
INTERPRETATION OF R TABLE OUTPUT Total Observations in Table: 73 x | no rape | rape= | Row Total | | y j=1 | j=2 | | -------------|-----------|-----------|-----------| 666. Moderate or no i=1 |O = 14 | 20 | 34 | Frequent Interpersonal Violence freintovio |E =7.452 | 26.548 | | SCCS$v666 |O-E =6.548 | | | Chi = ChiSq=6.548sq/7.452=5.754 | 1.615 | | ChiSq = -------------|-----------|-----------|-----------| yes i=2 | 2 | 37 | 39 | <-- powerful effect here: | 8.548 | 30.452 | | 37/39 = 95% of freq. IP violence societies | 5.016 | 1.408 | | have rape -------------|-----------|-----------|-----------| Column Total | 16 | 57 | T = 73 | T is the Total Observations in Table -------------|-----------|-----------|-----------| Statistics for All Table Factors Cell Contents T = Total N |----------------------------| | O = Observed N | These are descriptive statistics | E = Expected N | = row total * col total / T |----------------------------| Chi-square contribution i,j = |----------------------------| Pearson's Chi-squared test = TOTAL ------------------------------------------------------------ Chi^2 = 13.79241 d.f. = 1 p = 0.0002041589 Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction ------------------------------------------------------------ Chi^2 = 11.76646 d.f. = 1 p = 0.0006030748
Day 13 Learn from powerpoint presentations of other students, get help in class Thurs Nov 5
Two sets of note takers needed for today
Comments for EduMod Pages
Discuss paper draft and outline
- Intro: set the problem
- Relevant literature and view of authors
- The hypotheses and coded variables
- The xUR and xR model results (first introduce the method of Eff and Dow)
- xR findings evaluation, significance and R2
- Diagnostics (review Eff and Dow for these)
- Conclusion
Review McDonald Powerpoint
depvar rape: The McDonald pptx
Day 14 Learn from powerpoint presentations of other students, get help in class Tues Nov 10
Two sets of note takers needed for today
A Roadmap and Tutorial to Eff and Dow (2009) projects
New Edition 11/10 impt changes p. 4 Inferential Statistics with Digital Learning Media: A Roadmap for SCCS Causal and Autocorrelation Estimates - pdf for this class - the doc file
- New copy of Eff and Dow article with page numbers: See Figure 3 p. 15.
Assigning powerpoint presentations
- Today
-18 Patrick Kim *
- 12th, add name here to move up - have results
-22 Peyman Taeidi* -9 Nathan Gallinger * -17 Lyndon Forrester * -6 Kat Plumber -29 Kimberley Nguyen* -10 Deborah*
- 17th, add name here to move up
-21 Ralph D'Ignazio* -12 Villy -13 Lawrence -15 Ambrose -18 Chiu -20 Bui* -40 Bryan* -26 Abiha*
- 19th - stiil needs clear model
-16 Stephen -23 Jacqueline* -24 Michael* -30 Jessica M-6 Ryan* M-8, 41 Christina*
- Must catch up
-32 Scott - tutorial with Ren Feng -31 Alex - tutorial with Ren Feng --- Natasha - tutorial with Ren Feng
Problems working from home
Unzipping the Eff-Dow data download
A new review site for findings
Today's Powerpoint presentations
Term paper rough drafts due date changed to Thursday
See Day 11 What's in the Powerpoints?
Day 15 TA help and tutorials Thurs - and rough paper drafts due Nov 12
Two sets of note takers needed for today
Today's Powerpoint presentations
(As of Nov 10th culling down xR<-)
- Peyman Taeidi
- User:Kat Plummer
- User:Deborah Blumenthal
- User:Kat Plummer
- User:Lawrence Lam
- User:Ambrose Lee
- Hiu Kwan Chiu
- Presenter name
- Presenter name
Day 16 Making maps for your final paper Tues Nov 17
Two sets of note takers needed for today
Today's Powerpoint presentations
- User:Ralph D'Ignazio
- User:Villy I
- User:Abiha Bilgrami
- Presenter name
- Presenter name
- Presenter name
- Presenter name


text:
You know me, I'm all about positive reinforcement! Especially saying it out loud and to yourself.
It has been tough the past few weeks. The world seems to be spinning out of control. We all have so many feelings about todays events. I see it on social media. The outrage, the anger, the sadness, the fear. I understand all of those emotions. They are valid. Even I feel some of them.
But I have one thing that I want to remind you to remind yourself as we go through these times:
It is okay for you to have dreams and goals and to work towards them!!
You don't have to abandon them. There will always be stuff going on in the world. Much of it needs our attention. Find the balance. Volunteering, giving of time and money, supporting, any kind of activism can still be done WHILE you strive to live your best life. Giving yourself to your community is part of living your best life. There is room for all of it.
No need to feel guilty or shame for wanting to acheive a personal or professional goal. Especially when people are out to do harm and halt our lives, I feel its more imperative that we shut them down and thrive in society today. In spite of them! And give back in any way we can!

subset: commoncrawl


text: Contents Now Platform Capabilities Previous Topic Next Topic Remove a member from a feed Subscribe Log in to subscribe to topics and get notified when content changes. ... SAVE AS PDF Selected Topic Topic & Subtopics All Topics in Contents Share Remove a member from a feed The feed administrator can remove any member from the feed. Navigate to Collaborate > Live Feed. Click either Group Feeds or Record Feeds, and then select the feed name. Click the Members tab. Locate the member you want to remove and click Remove. Figure 1. Remove member Note: You can remove members regardless of their current state. That is, you can remove members who have already joined the feed or whose membership is pending. On this page Send Feedback Previous Topic Next Topic


text:
June 22, 2018
Sean and Danielle both stated in their vows that life took them on quite a few journeys that led them to each other. They're one of those couples who match each other's vibes perfectly. Their senses of humor match, their personalities complement each other perfectly, and frankly, they're just darn cute together! On the morning of the wedding, Sean surprised Danielle with a balloon filled with Taylor Swift tickets. Duuuude what an awesome new hubby move!


text:
PHILADELPHIA — What can Miami Dolphins fans expect from linebacker Rey Maualuga?
"Ever seen Maui from Moana?" Maualuga said. "How crazy he is? Yeaaah. About that."
Maui is the boisterous demigod of the South Pacific, played in the Disney movie by Dwayne Johnson.
Maualaga watched his new teammates practice on Monday, not yet deemed ready to practice.
"My strengths are coming downhill and taking on the blockers," Maualuga said. "Stopping the run. And leading by example. You know if I come in and show what I can do on the field then I think everyone will follow and we can just be that much better on defense."
Maualuga said he weighs more than 260 pounds and would like his playing weight to begin with a two and a five.
What has he been doing to stay in shape?
"Swimming. Eating. Relaxing," he said.
A comfort level with Dolphins defensive coordinator Matt Burke led to this re-union.
Burke was Maualuga's position coach in Cincinnati.
"Just to come in and step in right away would be a lot easier to go off of his play book instead of learning something from scratch," Maualuga said.
Gase said that there is no chance Maualuga will play on Thursday in a preseason game at the Eagles.
"Well, it's an experienced guy," Gase said. "We feel like he's a guy that can help us a lot and we want to make sure when we put him on the field it's the right time. Anytime we can add an experienced guy like that this late, I think it's a positive for us."
When he's on the field, Maualuga will be in the middle. When he's flanked by Kiko Alonso and Lawrence Timmons, the Dolphins should be better positioned against the run, if not in coverage.
"I think the middle linebacker sets the tone for everything," Maualuga said. "It sets the tone for how the other outside linebackers play. And Kiko and Timmons I think will fit in perfect as soon as you know they get someone in there to play the mike and is adjusting well. Hooting and hollering. Things like that."
At his best, Maualuga is a physical, aggressive, salty downhill run-stopping force.
The Bengals made him a salary-cap casualty. But he is only 30.
"I'm just trying to fill in wherever I can," Maualuga said. "(The Dolphins) haven't really said anything. They just said there's a — umm, I don't know. Whatever they need me to do to help the team win."
What Maualuga didn't say is there's a void.
It was a void left by the injury to projected staring middle linebacker Raekwon McMillan.
Maualuga needs time, though.
It wasn't long ago he was hanging out at home, not knowing if or when another opportunity would come.
"Cincinnati is somewhat humid but the moment I stepped off the plane (in South Florida) I was like, 'Holy, gosh, what did I get myself into?" Maualuga said.
It's going to take some time.
But the Dolphins feel, in time, Maualuga can fill an important void.
Miami Dolphins guard Kraig Urbik (knee) likely to miss opener
(LIVE) Miami Dolphins practice report: Monday at Philadelphia Eagles
Can Miami Dolphins defense overcome yards allowed with turnovers?
Did the Miami Dolphins address their Top 10 offseason priorities?
Miami Dolphins: upcoming Philly trip good time to bond with Jay Cutler
Jay Cutler allows Adam Gase to increase Dolphins' offensive tempo
Why the Miami Dolphins are practicing with Philadelphia Eagles next week
Get Dolphins stories right to your Facebook by liking this page


text: MSDS sheets available upon request. Emergency delivery service at no extra charge for our established customers. There is a NO RETURN POLICY on special order items. Check out our testimonials and see what customers are saying about Majestic! MODEL # DESCRIPTION SIZE Wrenches Short and Long Handle 1"-3" Call For Pricing 954-746-9191 | Place An Order | View Our Catalog"Integrity is telling myself the truth and honesty is telling others." ~S Johnson


text:
PARIS (AP) — France's government spokeswoman says the resignation of the country's ecology minister over reports of lavish dinners at taxpayers' expense comes at a time when most people "more likely eat kebabs" than lobster.
Sibeth Ndiaye's comments came as a new ecology minister took office Wednesday, replacing Francois de Rugy, who stepped down after a series of reports about his spending habits, which included lavish dinners with giant lobsters and costly wine, expensive renovations and chauffeur service during his vacations.
Rugy's replacement, Elisabeth Borne, has been France's transport minister. She was named to the post late Tuesday.
Ndiaye said the government had a responsibility not to mix personal and public expenses. Rugy said Wednesday that his years of dedication to improving the environment could not be erased by a single error.


text:
I borrowed the pen of Pablo Neruda,
and painted life in green
in trains of thoughts unseen.
I succumbed to the pain of Sylvia,
to understand the puzzle of despair;
stand grateful to Love beyond compare.
I tried to walk in the woods of Frost,
a tread in paths that are still unknown
to reap the seeds yet to be sown.
I sought the solace of Dickinson,
ethereal joy 'midst the solitude–
whose silence was a face of rectitude.
I read them works–Longfellow's, Whitman's, Poe's
and vowed, to be a drop of poetry in a world of prose.
* * *


text:
Artists' Biography
Koloane's work has been shown in South Africa, Botswana, France, the United States, the United Kingdom and Zimbabwe. He has work in some of the greatest collections in the world, including the Saatchi Collection. A reflective and well-published writer, Koloane has written on issues pertaining to Black South African art and the racism in the South African art world. He has also been outspoken about the difficulty in obtaining an art education in South Africa. Committed to the visual art world, Koloane's art reflects a personal struggle to illuminate the experiences of black South Africans to the world. Koloane is an acclaimed artist, educator, writer, curator and facilitator. He has been recognised and honoured internationally for his contribution to the visual arts in South Africa.
David Koloane looks with a lively and perceptive eye at the bustling urban environment that has shaped his works, with a particular focus on the complexities of the South African urban landscape. His work is often recurring and commonly depicts township scenes, dogs, cityscapes and jazz music. His work has been described as "a curious blend of sombre epiphanies and mesmerising celebrations of our collectivity as human beings." (O'Toole, S., Artbio, July 2003).


text:
If there is anything to know about artist/tv personality, Sofi Green it is she is about her $$$. In her #GreenMix of Sahh Babbi's "Pull Up Wit Ah Stick" she gives a mini-breakdown to her hustler mindset.
Between starring on VH1's Love & Hip Hop, finishing her EP Minny Jackson her stock is definitely going up!


text:
Etat Libre d'Orange have created a three-fold company in the service of Mother Nature: to take from her no more than is necessary while preserving for tomorrow. Perfumer Danilea Adrier created Les Fleurs du Déchet as a passage to the adulthood of Secretions Magnifique.
Composition: Rose neoabolute, apple essence, cedarwood atlast, sandalore, akigalawood and iso e super.
Standard UK Delivery - £3.95/Free on orders above £50 - Orders will be delivered within 3 to 5 working days.
Royal Mail Tracked 24 – £5.50
Royal Mail Special Delivery Guaranteed 1pm - £7.00
Etat libre d'Orange is the creation of the South African born but truly international, and very conceptual, Etienne de Swardt. "Perfume is Dead! Long Live Perfume!" is his war-cry, celebrating a new No Man's Land of perfume where literally anything goes, where "provocative" does not just mean saucy teasing but cocking a shocking snook at authority and the establishment, and advancing the frontiers of olfactory science, art and discovery.
The brilliant team of Noses flaunt their sexuality in their creations, but however avant-garde, Etat Libre d'Orange's standards of craftsmanship and quality are second to none. Their materials are of the finest quality, their inspirations are challenging, amusing, and sometimes disturbing.


text:
Michael Jackson has amazed fans for decades with his songs and dance moves. While the King of Pop has his fans drool over the Moon Walk, the Crotch grab, the Jackson kick, the dizzying spins and the toe stand, his one of the most iconic and seemingly impossible move, the gravity-defying lean in 'Smooth Killer', has puzzled fans the most.
Jackson also performed the 'mind-bogging' lean in a live performance. It wasn't Jackson alone who pulled off the lean but also four other dancers. Several fans tried to emulate the King of Pop but had no success.
So how did the King of Pop pulled off that move without breaking his Achilles tendon?
Manjul Tripathi and colleagues from the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India, studied the gravity-defying lean and came to the conclusion that the dancer's shoes were fitted with a heel that latched onto a nail on the floor, effectively anchoring them in place and giving them the strength and security to move.
Image Source: Tribune
They wrote in the Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine that, "Most trained dancers with strong core strength will reach a maximum of 25 to 30 degrees of forward bending while performing this action."
"MJ pulled off a gravity-defying 45-degree move that seems unearthly to any witness."
The experts revealed that Jackson relied on cables above to hold him as he lifted onto his shoes before they developed this shoe design. But this can't be done by anyone.
"Several MJ fans, including the authors, have tried to copy this move and failed, often injuring themselves in their endeavours," said Dr Tripathi. "The chances of injury to the ankle are significant. You need strong core muscles and good support around the ankle. It's not a simple trick."
Down goes the mystery behind the iconic lean. Quite cheeky? Wasn't it?
Information Source: ladbible
Title Image Source: krugersdropnews
Like our facebook page to stay updated. You can also download Reacho app on Android or iOS to get interesting stories at your fingertips.


text:
The Swedish company joins the dealer network and will be another representative sales responsible for MAX Trailer in the country.
MAX Trailer network is expanding continuously and with the company Special Trailers, there is a new partner for the Swedish market. MAX Trailer products are now also available via Special Trailers and we are very pleased and optimistic for a fruitful cooperation.
The MAX Trailer range is composed of standardized vehicles, without sophistication but of premium quality. Four different types of trailer are in the portfolio: MAX100, MAX200, MAX300 and MAX400.


text:
Chariot - Zain
With a baton firmly in his right hand, the pilot of the chariot rides in a horse-drawn vehicle that is towed by two horses, the horse on the pilot's left is a dark horse and the horse on the pilot's right is a white horse. The solid lower walls of the chariot's body ascend up to the pilot's waist, and there are what appear to be poles at the corners holding up what would probably be a roof over the pilot's head, although this suspected "roof" is too high to be visible in the illustration. Draperies and other ornamentation appear to be hung from this "roof."
The name of the seventh character of the ancient alphabet is linked to the seventh hieroglyphic symbol of the Tarot. The original design of this character (pre-1200 B.C.) looks like this...
This letter is the precursor to the modern day letter known as Z. Not only is it the seventh letter of the ancient alphabet, it also has both the numerical value of seven and well as being the prototype for the shape of the numerical character that represents the quantity of seven. The striking similarity between the characters of Z and 7 should be apparently obvious.
The name of this letter is זין, which is formed from the biliteral root consisting of the letters, ז and ן. The root has the basic meaning of "to form" and "to nourish." From this fundamental sense of the word, the meanings of "species," "food," and "feminine" are derived. The most commonly used meanings of this root in the ancient texts are various derivations that basically express the sense of feminine seduction, the act of coitus, and seminal emissions. There are etymological similarities between the words Zain, seven, semen, and Saturn.
The Chariot of the Marseilles Tarot
Thus, the twin steeds of the Tarot's seventh key could be seen as representative of the dual nature of the feminine allure, and the pilot of the chariot could likewise be seen a type of phallic representation. The overall symbolism of this hieroglyph could then be logically viewed as the masculine attraction to the magnetic pull of the feminine allure. The dark horse would represent the erotic feminine allure that emanates from the star (the passive element of Venus), while the white horse would represent the maternal instinct.
The Chariot of the Rider-Waite Tarot
A. E. Waite writes, "An erect and princely figure carrying a drawn sword and corresponding, broadly speaking, to the traditional description which I have given in the first part. On the shoulders of the victorious hero are supposed to be the Urim and Thummim. He has led captivity captive; he is conquest on all planes--in the mind, in science, in progress, in certain trials of initiation. He has thus replied to the sphinx, and it is on this account that I have accepted the variation of Éliphas Lévi; two sphinxes thus draw his chariot. He is above all things triumph in the mind.
It is to be understood for this reason (a) that the question of the sphinx is concerned with a Mystery of Nature and not of the world of Grace, to which the charioteer could offer no answer; (b) that the planes of his conquest are manifest or external and not within himself; (c) that the liberation which he effects may leave himself in the bondage of the logical understanding; (d) that the tests of initiation through which he has passed in triumph are to be understood physically or rationally; and (e) that if he came to the pillars of that Temple between which the High Priestess is seated, he could not open the scroll called Tora, nor if she questioned him could he answer. He is not hereditary royalty and he is not priesthood."
* * *


text:
Nosim Women Organization is a Non-Governmental Organization in Kenya which was registered in 2001 under section 10 of the NGO Coordination ACT.
The primary purpose of Our Organization is to facilitate Communities identify and achieve their own development initiatives and promote decision making. The organization's development approach is based on participation, women empowerment, local capacity building/training, gender equality, advocacy, sustainability and accountability.
Nosim Women organization considers the development of strong linkages with the community as a priority in the attainment of its Programmatic and organizational goals and as a result it has established strong linkages with women groups and other organized social groups. Over the past two decades, Nosim Women Organization has been providing support to women and children in Kajiado to enable them to realise their full potential and improve their economic well-being.


text:
To watch the video version you can go here
Over the years more and more research has appeared and has shown the amazing benefits Intermittent Fasting can provide and it's not just for fat loss. Here's just a few…
Better relationship with food
Remember when you were first told you need to lose weight and the best way to do that was to "stoke" your metabolism and eat 6 small meals a day? Imagine the stress that caused having to constantly worry about food, prepping a bunch of meals ahead of time and weighing all of your food out so you know how much you're eating. When you constantly think about your next meal this can lead to you feeling distracted, obsessing and even worse thinking "screw this" and just binging on whatever is around. With Intermittent Fasting, no longer do you have to become obsessed with eating every few hours and you will quickly forget about food. You don't need to be thinking about your next meal and instead, you can just focus on the rest of your life like working, socialising and binging netflix.
No more late night snacking
It's 9 pm and you're just about to sit down to watch a few episodes of Netflix. As you're watching your favourite show you get a little hungry and decide to open a bag of potato chips and just have "a few". 30 minutes later you've gone through two bags, a bottle of coke and maybe some ice cream. This leads you to feel guilty and frustrated about not seeing results because you just ruined a week of hard work. With Intermittent Fasting you can forget about those binges at happen at night since you've now got a cutoff point you're less likely to overeat because you just abstain from food. I myself have a major sweet tooth which means I stop eating at 6 pm at night. This way I don't have any temptations when I'm watching Netflix or doing something else that usually mindless snacking.
You're not as hungry
Because you have a shorter time frame to consume all of your food for the day, this means you aren't going to be getting as much food cravings, and this also means that you're less likely to overeat. When I was younger and a chubby kid, I loveed to eat. I actually used to love to eat so much food until I was stuffed, and what I realised is when I was trying to diet and lose weight, I kept overeating because I was like, "Fuck. I just want to be full. I want to have that satiation feeling", and I couldn't do that while following traditional diets and eating a few small meals a day.
Now that I can eat in a shorter window and feel full after I eat a meal, it causes me to not overeat food. So if you're someone who has this type of struggle and you have a big appetite or you want that feeling of being full and satiated after a meal, then having that smaller timeframe period to be able to do that is going to be so much more beneficial for you because it's going to stop you from overeating.
Metabolically flexible (youburn carbs and fats)
This is one of the most important aspects because it allows you to become a fat burner and a carb burner which is great for your body to adapt and use both fuel sources. Let's think about this logically first. Back in our ancestral days, we didn't have access to a fridge or a bowl of oats as soon as we woke up.
We had to hunt and kill our food or go foraging for it. We could go days and weeks before we got food again, which meant the times we did get food we would eat a lot because we never knew when our next meal would be.Evolution got clever and when we didn't eat for long periods of time we learnt to tap into our bodies stored fuel sources (fats and carbs), which would give us energy in times when we couldn't eat.
Metabolic flexibility means that your body's ability to use carbs as a fuel source and use fats as a fuel source, which is really, really cool because that means that you become more efficient with exercise, burning fat and building muscle. When you need carbs during high-intensity training, the body's going to be able to access them, but when I'm sitting on my ass writing this or when I'm doing low-intensity cardio or when the body needs to, it will swap over to fat and start using fat as a fuel source, and being able to have that metabolic flexibility is going to be really, really beneficial for overall body composition and energy levels too. This will help prevent insulin resistance, energy dips and possibly even food cravings.
Mental clarity/ Boosting Productivity
When you don't have to focus on eating food and your body doesn't have to digest it and you have more blood flow going to your brain and That means you have better mental focus because your body doesn't have to be working as hard. It's also a good way to help you stay in the zone since usually you're focused for a short amount of time before a food break and then you can easily get distracted. This is also a good time to bring up that feeling of drowsiness after you have a big lunch and find it hard to focus and would rather sleep. You can completely eliminate that since you're going to be running of pure coffee and burning fat when fasting.
Increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
We have these cells in our brains known as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. When you're fasting that means you're actually becoming smarted because your brain is making more of these cells. One thing I've actually noticed is that my head actually gets bigger the longer I fast for. People will start to comment how much smarter I look and I even notice myself solving problems better. Actually, I'm joking, I don't get a bigger head (although that would be cool though) but in all seriousness, you actually do increase your brain cells. You do increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is a big benefit, and this happens usually after about the 24-hour mark, so between 24 to 48 hours and longer, you get an upregulation in BDNF.
In short, studies have shown intermittent fasting increases BDNF and the number of neurons in your brain. Obviously, this is a good thing. Increased BDNF may boost intelligence, mood, productivity, and memory along with decreased risks of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Cell Autophagy
Fasting has been shown to accelerate autophagy. According to this study, short-term food restriction induces a dramatic upregulation of autophagy. What autophagy is, autophagy means self-eating, so what that actually happens is bad cells in your body are actually getting destroyed. All of those bad cells that are building up can
Fat cells, bad muscle cells, all these things actually get recycled and eaten with autophagy. That happens when you're Fasting for longer than 16 hours. Now the longer periods of fasting is when this is going to give the best effect, and this is only going to happen if you aren't having your EAAS, if you aren't having any milk in your coffee, if you're strictly sticking to green tea, to black tea, to black coffee and not having any calories at all because once you even have just a little bit of calories, your body then has to start metabolising that and will stop autophagy.
If you want the full benefits of autophagy because you really want to dive into it, then you need to make sure that you're not having any calories during your fasting period. Apart from that, if you're just happy with the fat loss benefits, then you can have a little bit of milk in your coffee, some sweeteners, all of those types of things.
I could keep harping on about more benefits but you get the point, it's a great tool for a lot of great reasons and I urge you to try it!


text:
The Creative Play A-Z
The Creative Play A-Z is for parents and carers who are looking for a creative slant on activities. For each letter of the alphabet, a new theme is introduced along with an activity idea and how to make or create it. The activities featured are intended for children aged between 2-4. There's a short free sample here.
Once downloaded, purchasers of The Creative Play A-Z will be given exclusive access to a private Facebook group where ideas can be discussed and shared within a supportive community.
For more information on The Creative Play A-Z, click here.


text:
ALASTAIR NEWTON: Looking for the right geopolitical risks
Watch all major flashpoints – North Korea, the Middle East, Washington, China – but question the common assumptions, geopolitical analyst Alastair Newton warns.
The former British diplomat says everyone's core thesis is largely correct that global risk eventually collapses back on to one man – US president Donald Trump – but it's the details that matter most.
"We need to start questioning some of the assumptions we're making about the instruments on which we rely and the robustness of our regulatory regime.
"There will always be another financial crisis. I am not saying we are on the brink of GFC2 but there is a lot of risk out there and we shouldn't allow the issues you're focused on right now distract you from other issues that could be even more worrisome. Don't allow the US tax bill to distract you from Mr Trump's trade agenda. Don't allow North Korea to distract you from Iran," he says.
On the first issue, Mr Newton says the one-year-old US administration is attempting to pass major legislative advances, such as a tax upgrade, but will likely fail – at least this year.
"2017 hasn't been too bad compared with what many people were saying in January. There's no real reason to expect things to suddenly go pear-shaped before the end of the year – but they could," he told the Insurance Council conference and NBR's Sunday Business.
"When he's under more pressure in the first quarter of next year, he's going to be looking for things to do to distract from the bad things around him. That is not going to be good news. A few weeks ago he said we were living in the "calm before the storm" and no one quite knew what he meant.
"We may well be looking, in the first quarter of next year, at a rising storm."
How 2018 is shaping up
A potential step – the go-to of many conspiracy theorists – may be to start a war to distract the US public from Mr Trump's low approval ratings (although Mr Newton says 38% "is enough to get him re-elected in 2020, so we could be in for another seven years.")
If the US president takes the war road, it doesn't necessarily mean a shooting war. Indeed, a trade war is a "fat tail risk," he says.
"Mr Trump recently asked North Korean leader Kim Jong Un to come to the negotiation table. But why would North Korea do that? When [Libyan president Muammar] Gaddafi and [Iraq president Saddam] Hussein gave up their weapons programmes, they ended up dead.
"And events happening today show the US can't be trusted. Washington wants to tear up its nuclear deal with Iran, despite Iran being in compliance. So why would Mr Kim bother talking until he does have a credible nuclear deterrent? My answer is he almost certainly won't.
"[The US] will continue on the current trajectory for the next 12-18 months until Mr Trump gets to a point where he has to live with a nuclear DPRK or opt for intervention. It probably will be the former. But I still put a 25% probability on Mr Trump ordering an attack," he says.
Two kinds of war
As for the trade war potential, Mr Trump remains firmly set on rebalancing US trade with respect to its major trading partners, especially China.
An important weapon in Washington's bureaucratic arsenal is found in section 301 of the 1974 US Trade Act. Under this authority, the US is preparing to conduct an investigation into China's barriers to market entry for American companies and into claims they are asked to surrender intellectual property or risk being denied business licences in China.
"[US Trade Representative] Robert Lighthizer forced managed trade agreements with Japan in the 1980s in similar circumstances. But China is not going to roll over and accept managed trade agreements.
"In the event Mr Trump hits China with tariffs, probably in the first quarter of 2018, China will retaliate. It will take the US to the WTO to start with."
And yet, Mr Newton says even here the US may have its bases covered as it is "deliberately undermining the WTO dispute settlement mechanism."
"There are a total of seven judges on the appellate model, with two vacancies presently. The US is blocking those vacancies from being filled, and a third vacancy will appear at the end of this year. The minimum number of judges for the mechanism to function is four.
"Unless the US changes course, by September 2018 we will no longer have a WTO dispute settlement mechanism. That matters not just to New Zealand but to the world as a whole. The US is doing this deliberately because it doesn't like having rulings against it," he says.
China's reactions?
If the US were to target China, Beijing wouldn't ignore the slight, even if it is infringing on trade practices as the US alleges.
"China's first target will be farm produce – pork, beef, chicken and soya beans. These are politically sensitive in the US and Mr Trump will hate that. So he'll probably lash out at the issue of steel from China. And as soon as that happens, Europe will be affected and the conflict will escalate.
"A trade war is the most likely of the scenarios. Not a shooting war but a trade war.
China will remain an important economic partner for New Zealand in the Asia Pacific region, but "we are going to be living with an increasingly assertive, mercantile, dangerous and ambitious China," he says.
"Domestically, there are a lot of economic stresses in China but it has probably the most competent leadership on the planet. The Politburo as a whole is packed full of skilled, experienced people who know how to run things.
"Despite his strong words at its recent 19th Party Congress, I think we can reasonably assume that left to his own devices [China president] Xi Jinping will concentrate on his 'Davos agenda' of soft power projection. China is doing very well out of this, why would it change?" Mr Newton says.
But if Mr Trump does decide to confront China on trade or over its land grabs in the South China Sea, "the velvet glove will come off and we'll see the less appealing side of China's international projections."
All content copyright NBR. Do not reproduce in any form without permission, even if you have a paid subscription.


text:
It's been just a month since the Western New York Flash won the 2016 NWSL Championship, and the off-season has seemed as nail-biting as those last seconds of extra-time at the end of the match. But the "What will happen next?" vibe of this off-season hasn't affected each team across the league equally. Instead, the majority seems to be centered with the Washington Spirit, the team that fought so desperately to win in those last twenty or so seconds after Lynn Williams's breath-stopping goal that sent the championship game to PKs.
Only a month, and yet, already it's clear—the 2017 Washington Spirit will be very different than this year's runners-up.
First, there was the trade of National Team member and Federation allocation Ali Krieger to Orlando in exchange for the Pride's #2 spot in the Distribution Ranking Order—an exchange that seems paltry, if not insulting, to a foundational player in the team's play these past four years. Krieger is an original member of the Spirit's inaugural NWSL roster, returning from FFC Frankfurt, where she had played since 2007 and has served as its captain since Lori Lindsey's departure following the first season.
Laura Harvey announced the acquisition of midfielder Christine Nairn by the Seattle Reign. Nairn was drafted out of Penn State by the Reign in the 2013 NWSL draft, but was traded in November of that year to the Washington Spirit (where she has played since) in exchange for Kim Little's discovery rights. The trade also includes rights to goalkeeper Madalyn Schiffel, a 2016 draftee for the Spirit who spent her season with a club in Norway, for Seattle and sends midfielder Havana Solaun and three draft picks (3rd and 36th picks overall in the 2016 draft and the Reign's second-round pick in 2018) to Washington.
Finally, in the past weeks there has been increasing chatter among soccer journalists that Crystal Dunn, 2015 NWSL MVP and National Team member, will be heading overseas to play in Europe. Dunn confirmed this rumor with Julie Foudy this week, intimating that if she's going to go and have the experience of playing in a club overseas, now is the time to do it.
Don't be surprised to see star attacker Crystal Dunn leave @WashSpirit as well #nwsl
— Steven Goff (@SoccerInsider) November 10, 2016
That's three (three!) of the biggest names on the Washington Spirit's 20-person roster that are certain or highly likely to be gone from the roster next year. That's three of the team's leadership players gone. (When Krieger was away on National Team duty, it was Nairn who picked up the armband.) That's three of the most experienced members of the team—three of the players who have been with the team the longest (Krieger since 2013, Dunn and Nairn since 2014).
If the Krieger trade had you scratching your head, the Nairn trade is sure to leave you baffled. It has me thinking "What the furt, Washington," honestly.
Because, at first glance, trades and movement during the off-season are natural. Teams reassess their rosters and their anticipated needs for next season's adjustments. But the actions of the Washington Spirit roster take on a different tone in the wake of issues arising throughout the end of the 2016 regular season and persisting through the run-up toward the Championship.
There are at least three ways to look it, as far as I'm concerned, but none of them seem to spell anything good for the future of the Washington Spirit in 2017.
1. All Systems Green: Calm Seas, Smooth Sailing
And sure, that's true. Player movement is a sign of a healthy, developing league, with teams planning not just for the next season but for the next several seasons.
But this isn't what's happening with the Washington Spirit. I think we need look no further than Krieger's own statement on the trade for evidence of that.
"The Washington Spirit's decision to trade me comes as a surprise," she wrote before going on to thank her teammates and the team's fans as well as the Spirit staff, volunteers, and coaches for all their hard work and support over her years in DC. Even more, Krieger was reportedly made aware of the trade not by the Washington Spirit but by the Orlando Pride. Other teammates, as well, found out the news not from the Spirit's owner, Bill Lynch, or coach, Jim Gabarra, but when asked their opinion on the trade, as in the case of Canadian National Team member and allocation Diana Matheson.
"I don't have any thoughts, because I just heard it from you, now." #CanWNT Matheson on Labbe, Krieger, Dunn, perhaps leaving #Spirit. #NWSL
— Har Journalist (@HarJournalist) November 2, 2016
While an athlete's rights can, in general, be traded away at any time without notice or recourse, there is usually a protocol for such things. And it's when that protocol is ignored, or violated, that suggests something deeper might be at play.
If anything, the Krieger trade brings to mind Western New York's 2014 trade of Carli Lloyd to the Houston Dash in exchange for Whitney Engen and Becky Edwards, which she characterized in 2015 as lacking decency and respect, saying:
"I don't think it's a lot to ask to get a little bit of respect in this league. We don't get paid millions of dollars to just be uprooted from our families and friends and homes and be traded on the spot. If we were getting paid millions of dollars, different story."
In the case of Ali Krieger, Dan Lauletta reported on rumors of a trade at least a week before the movement was confirmed, a report that stirred up Krieger's vast fanbase to the point that she released a statement denying any such speculation.
— Ali Krieger (@alikrieger) October 22, 2016
Ten days later, her trade was announced.
2. Yellow Alert: We've Sprung a Leak
A second option is that these are unhappy players looking for a way out. And there's evidence to that effect—circumstantial and without named sources, but enough to lead to speculation that individual players may be interested in teams with other leadership styles and organizational priorities.
There have long been rumors about player discontent in the locker room, rumors that came to a head the night of the National Anthem controversy in September earlier this year. Immediately after the game, speaking to reporters, Megan Rapinoe made the claim that Bill Lynch is homophobic, and questioned whether this played a role in his decision to silence her protest. In a statement to Caitlin Buckley, Rapinoe said that "I've had conversations with Spirit players both current and past," and that the team, unlike most others in the league, does not seem interested in putting together a Pride night, despite the numerous "gay players on their team."
In contrast, a Spirit spokesperson insisted that the players would not speak about the anthem issue, only the match itself, and the players released a joint statement two days later which expressed "disappointment" in their owner and team leadership.
Since then, there has seemed to be an undercurrent of displeasure, at least out of the public eye. And when the Krieger trade was confirmed, the Washington Post clearly stated that the relationship between the front office and the locker room was a factor. "The trade comes amid broader player unhappiness about the Washington organization," the Post's sources said, and confirmed that the Spirit's "players are not happy with management in general."
And during a conversation with Julie Foudy in the days before the first match against Romania this week, Krieger made it clear that, despite the surprise of being traded, the move is actually a positive one, stating, "I was unhappy with the organization there."
So, when the news of Nairn's trade broke this morning—and Steven Goff of Soccer Insider suggested that Nairn sought out the trade herself—I don't think many people were surprised.
Nairn, like several other players, wanted out. End of season team meeting went sour. Bad situation, despite run to final #nwsl
— Steven Goff (@SoccerInsider) November 10, 2016
3. Code Red: Grab an Oar, It's a Reckoning
The third option is that the Spirit ownership and leadership are cleaning house. The ship hasn't sprung a leak so much as it's been rammed into the rocks.
And to what benefit?
It's not hard to speculate.
Three of the players with the most power in the locker room and the strongest ability to lead are gone or possibly soon to leave.
Left behind on the Spirit roster, in large part, are the younger, more inexperienced players. The ones who get paid the least—whose livelihoods depend on their team paycheck in a way that Krieger's, Dunn's, and possibly even Nairn's do not. Players who might think twice before organizing a team meeting to discuss a reaction to an event like Lynch's anthem decision, as Ali Krieger was reported to have done. Players without the political currency or the playing stats to provide them with some measure of protection if they offer criticism or push back against Lynch's decisions.
So Which Is It, and What Does It Mean for Washington?
Honestly, I think the answer is a mix of options two and three. On one hand, players are no longer willing to put up with whatever is making them unhappy behind the scenes. On the other hand, an owner is making a stand, expressing his control over his players' lives.
Whether it's problems in the locker room, issues with coaching decisions, or a negative relationship with the ownership, there is some truth to the rumors of player unhappiness on the team. And, it's a problem bad enough that multiple players have, as of today, spoken or alluded to it directly.
And it's also an issue of control on the part of Bill Lynch, a man who decided he had the right to control patriotism and free speech earlier this season. This reeks of retribution and punishment, especially in the case of Ali Krieger and the trade that wasn't a trade. That was an expression of control, pure and simple. A warning statement to his remaining players that he quite literally possesses their futures—their rights—and can do with them what he pleases.
With respect to the future, fans of Washington should be concerned. The Washington Spirit was a team on fire in 2016, even though they appeared to dim a little after the anthem issue, their performance suffering (an indication of what was to come, surely). And losing the Championship in such a manner as they did, the Spirit were primed for a "comeback season." The kind of season a team has after experiencing such a defeat, inspired by their failure to convert.
Now, without two (possibly three) of their strongest leaders, in a season with no majors tournaments, and with the question of whether the Canadians will come back, the Spirit will be looking to fill spaces. They'll be selecting starters from the 2017 NWSL draft, which is a hit and miss prospect, because not every college star makes a successful transition to professional athlete, much less ones who could be relied on to start and become a playmaker from the get-go.
They'll be looking to acquire international talent and allocated talent, and they'll be trying to fit different playing styles together instead of trying to adjust and improve upon what they had.
But most of all, they'll be looking at building team cohesion from the bottom up, instead of growing upon existing partnerships and on-field chemistry. And they'll be doing all of this in a team environment with an owner that has made it clear that it's Lynch's way or the highway.
In the meantime, Coach Jim Gabarra says fans are just going to have to trust them.
But honestly?
I don't know if they've earned it.


text: JonathanNews - May 13, 2016318500Sign in to contributeUp Next in NewsJose NietoNews - Feb 1, 2016Gopher GalaHere are the top 20 projects as rated by the community (in random order). Check them out!314310Vojtech VitekNews - Oct 6, 2015General set data structure based on github.com/xtgo/set. Kudos to @Peter.goware/set · GitHubGeneral set data structure based on github.com/xtgo/setGitHub#set#maps#datastructures277010Back toAllMore fromNewsJoin in on the conversation with Jonathan when you subscribe to Golang Toronto.SubscribeIgnore


text:
England fans given plenty to cheer about with 6-1 victory over Panama
England's supporters beat the heat as the Three Lions booked their place in the last 16 after a fiery-tempered World Cup group game.
Nizhny Novgorod Stadium was a cauldron of noise throughout as the national team powered to a 6-1 win over debutants Panama.
The mercury peaked at 32C in the Russian city, more than 250 miles east of Moscow, but the team and the fans showed little sign their energy was being sapped.
England fans at Russia World Cup 2018
While the midges that plagued the team during the previous match against Tunisia in Volgograd were notable by their absence, there were more England fans in the ground than last time.
The Football Association said 2,080 tickets were sold through the official England Supporters Travel Club with an additional 1,680 sold by Fifa to fans with UK addresses, making 3,760 in total.
England v Panama fans in stand
The stadium erupted when John Stones headed in the early opening goal and were in raptures ever since, singing "football's coming home" and "England's going all the way" on each occasion England had the ball in the back of the net.
Television pictures showed the trio of fans who make up the England Band, Steve Holmes, John Hemmingham and Steve Wood, all from Sheffield, South Yorkshire, celebrating wildly, instruments held high.
Wayne Hensby, 51, originally from Grimsby but who now lives in Moscow, said: "Brilliant – we expected to win but to get six goals, great result.
"I think we'll get to the quarter finals maybe semis, that's what I'm expecting, if not all the way. There's good morale between the team."
Isle of Wight festival 2018 - Day 4
Paul Gratton, 54, originally from Stoke but living in Brisbane, Australia, said: "It was fantastic, England played really well.
"It was like they were playing Port Vale. England could go all the way, they're the surprise package."
Mr Gratton said England captain Harry Kane was a "legend" after netting a hat-trick.His son Liam Gratton, 21, from Beechworth, Victoria in Australia, added: "They played an amazing game – Panama didn't know what hit them."
Paul Fitton, 39,from Manchester, said: "Amazing, brilliant. Well, I went to the Iceland game last time when we got beat so it beats that.
Russia World Cup 2018
"The atmosphere in Russia has been brilliant, the whole time.
"I thought we might have made hard work of it today – I thought we'd win but I didn't think we'd win so convincingly as that."
Marcus Campbell, 26, of High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, said: "The atmosphere was very good – it was weird going into a game with not that much pressure after that last minute winner.
"Southgate's got the team playing really, really well. They play attacking football, got players who create, deliver – it's pretty good.
"Of course they can go all the way, you're not here if you don't believe."
Whether through exertion or excitement, many replica shirts soon came off and were twirled around heads.
Pockets of Panama supporters, who had little to cheer about for most of the game, were delighted to have opened their World Cup scoring account late on.
But there was a sour note, when a group of LGBT England fans were told to take down their St George's Cross with a rainbow stripe before the match.
Among them was Di Cunningham, 56, from Norwich, who co-founded the Three Lions Pride group.
Their account tweeted: "Banner's been taken down by a supervisor 'those colours not allowed in the stadium'."
The flag was later reinstated shortly afterward and was captured on television cameras as England celebrated a goal.
Sorry we are not currently accepting comments on this article.


text:
Junior Pink Classic Faux Sash Bag
Brand sashbag.ca
Deliciously bright and fun, for the decadent little diva in your life! Live life hands free and pretty in pink with our brand new junior bags.
- Junior size
- Adjustable strap
- Faux leather
- RFID protected pockets for credit cards
- Silver hardware


text:
Galfar Engineering & Contracting SAOG (Galfar) is Oman's largest construction company with EPC capability in Oil & Gas, Roads & Bridges and Civil & Utilities sectors operating in Oman, other GCC countries as well as India. Over the last 40 years, Galfar has established itself as the "Preferred Partner in Development" in Oman with a turnover nearly USD 1 Billion. The Company has grown steadily over the last 4 decades, owns a fleet of more than 7000 equipments, employs a workforce of over 23,000 and also prides itself as the largest employer of Omani nationals in the Private Sector.
Tig & Arc Welder
Pipe Welder
Tig Welder
Mechanical Chargehand
Electrical Chargehand
Pipeing Chargehand
Structural Steel Chargehand
Finishing Chargehand
Scaffolding Chargehand
Hydro Test Chargehand
HDPE Chargehand
GRE Chargehand
Interview Date : 13/07/2017
Attractive Salary | Free Food & Accomodation
Kindly Mail us Your Updates d Resumes to
firstname.lastname@example.com / cvshrjobs&gmail.com
Interview Timing : 9:00 am to 6.00 Pm Only
Interview Venue
Anuptech,Plot No. R -42,MIDC,
Contact Us on : 09819766827 / 08976629935
S & S Travel Service