text:
Centrifuge assembly
A centrifuge assembly useful for two stage blood platelet separation by counterflow comprising a channeled rotor assembly and a fluid container disposed in the channel, whereby the centrifugal separation effects in the fluid container are determined by the geometry of the channel in thr rotor. The fluid container is preferably formed from semirigid plastic material and is considered a disposable item, discarded after a single use. The rotor assembly preferably includes a removable filler piece or center piece formed from a single piece of material and having therein an open-topped channel having dimensions appropriate to receive the semirigid container, which is suitably curved and placed in the channel. Fluid connections are provided from a multi-chambered cavity attached to the ends of the container to an axially located multichannel rotating seal. The channel is divided into two distinct circular portions, the first portion of the channel being spiral-like and the second portion having a plurality of radiuses, each measured from a different center. The spiral increases radially outward from its juncture of the first stage and the second stage. A transition section connects the two portions, and forms a spillway between the two portions.
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A publication of the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, No. PB-277 dated July 19, 1977, and titled "Blood Cell Separator" shows and describes an arrangement using a helical blood bag, but does not disclose the detailed geometry of the present invention.
A selection of papers dealing with blood centrifuging is entitled "Leucocytes: Separation Collection and Transfusion" Edited by J. M. Goldman and R. M. Lowenthal, and published in 1975 by Academic Press.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
(1) Field of the Invention
Previous centrifuges for separating the components of blood are known in which the centrifuge bowl is reusable, and is provided with relatively complex channeling or grooves, and fluid connections, making the device expensive and difficult to clean and sterilize for each use.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
The present invention provides an improved centrifuge bowl and container assembly for use with blood cell separators of the type shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,489,145. In this prior arrangement a solid centrifuge element was used, having appropriate channels cast or machined therein, and did not contemplate reusable bags. Bag structures not requiring channeled support elements are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,748,101 and 4,007,871. However, such arrangements are not as efficient or economically manufactured as the subject invention. None of this art or other known prior art provides a centrifuge assembly comprising a solid reusable rigid center element arranged to provide a conformed channel for a disposable tube of semirigid material, having fluid connections to appropriate ends thereof. U.S. Pat. No. 4,010,894 also discloses a centrifuge container which can be used for two-stage platelet separation, but it has been found that the present invention provides a much higher yield.
A co-pending application, Ser. No. 839,156, (IBM Docket No. EN977007) discloses and claims a centrifuge assembly including a container having a circular portion and a spiral portion, but which does not correspond to the detailed geometry of the present invention as described and claimed herein.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a general object of this invention to provide an improved rotor assembly for a centrifuge.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved rotor assembly utilizing a disposable container for centrifuging blood to obtain different fractions therefrom.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved rotor assembly and associated container for centrifuging blood, which is simple and economical in construction, and the container is disposable after a single use.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved blood centrifuge assembly particularly suited for efficient two-stage platelet separation.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in connection therewith in the annexed specification.
Briefly described, the improved assembly provided by this invention comprises a rotor assembly, which comprises, in a first embodiment, a centrifuge bowl and a filler or center piece, which can be removable from the bowl.
An open-topped channel, substantially rectangular in cross section, is machined, molded or otherwise formed in the filler piece. The channel has a first portion which is circular, having a radius which extends from a point which is slightly offset from the true center. This first portion extends through a first angular distance, of the order of 150 degrees, for example, from the innermost end of the channel. A short transition portion connects the terminal end of the first portion with the initial end of the second or spiral-like portion of the channel, which initial end is located at a shorter radius than the radius of the first portion.
The transition portion has a second arcuate dimension of approximately 24 degrees, for example, and is directed radially inward, and rapidly narrowing to the dimension of the second spiral portion.
The second spiral-like portion comprises a plurality of arcuate segments, of increasing radius, and having centers displaced from the true center. The spiral portion progresses radially outward, and terminates near the angular location of the initial end of the circular portion.
Fitted into the channel described above is a fluid container comprising a tube having a rectangular or substantially rectangular cross section, closed at both ends by a cavity member providing inlet and outlet chambers and provided with a plurality of fluid connections or inlet and outlet tubes. These tubes, together with a suitable rotating seal, permit the introduction of whole blood into the container and the withdrawal of blood fractions following centrifugal separation. The cross-sectional area of the second portion of the container is substantially one-fourth of the cross-sectional area of the first portion of the container, in order to achieve higher flow velocity in the spiral portion. The fluid container and the tubing connections may be formed of medical grade polyvinyl chloride.
The cross section of the second portion is designed to have a greater vertical height than the vertical height of the first portion, and conversely, the width of the second portion is less than the width of the first portion.
In another embodiment, the entire rotor assembly is made in one piece by molding and/or machining, with a channel as above described formed in the rotor.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing a centrifuge bowl, a filler or center piece, and a fluid container in an exploded relation in accordance with one preferred form of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of the filler piece shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional elevational view of the filler piece of FIG. 2 taken at the section 3--3;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic partial cross section elevation view of a centrifuge assembly using a one-piece rotor, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5A is an exploded plan view of the cavity and its top, in which the ends of the container are cemented and wherein the various input and output lines are terminated; and
FIG. 5B is an exploded elevational view of the cavity.
FIG. 6 is a view showing the assembled parts of FIG. 5A.
Similar reference characters refer to similar parts in each of the several views.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawings, there is shown, in FIG. 1, a centrifuge bowl 1, arranged to be spun around an axis of rotation by suitable means, not shown since the specific rotating means is not germane to this invention. The bowl can be formed of any suitable material such as metal or plastic or a combination of materials.
Seated within the bowl 1 is a filler or center piece 3 which can be formed of any suitable material, by molding and/or machining. The filler piece 3 is dimensioned so that when in place in the bowl 1, the filler will be concentric with the bowl. It can be retained in place on a central hub, or on the outer rim or a plurality of distributed bosses or pins. A channel 5, described later in detail, is machined, molded or otherwise formed in the top surface of filler piece 3. The filler piece 3 has a central hole or opening 7 which accommodates the fluid connections to the fluid container, to be subsequently described, and a rotating seal 9. Also the opening may be dimensioned to fit over a central hub in the bowl, to accurately locate and retain the filler piece. The seal 9 may be of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,489,145, for example. Filler piece 3 also has a plurality of radial slots 11 in the upper portion of the piece, which receive the fluid connections or tubes to the container.
The fluid container comprises a length of semi-rigid plastic tubing 13, preferably of medical grade polyvinyl chloride and having a substantially rectangular cross section. Different cross-sectional areas are provided, as later described. The tubing is formed in a spiral-like configuration as shown, with each end sealed in a cavity 16. The container is generally shaped to fit the channel 5. Fluid connections to the container are provided by a plurality of tubing connections 17, 18, 19 and 20, to the cavity 16, one of which (17) serves as an input connection. The cavity 16 is provided with two separate chambers, one of which serves a dual function as the input chamber and red blood cell chamber and the other of which serves as the collection chamber for the platelet concentrate and the plasma. Connection 18 is for extraction of the red cells, connection 19 serves as an output connection for plasma, and connection 20 serves as a platelet concentrate outlet. When the container 13 is placed in channel 5, the tubes 17 through 20 are placed in the appropriate slots 11 in filler piece 3.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the filler piece shown in FIG. 1, and further shows the relationship between the various elements, particularly the geometric relationships for the various portions of the channel, and hence for the container.
It should first be noted that the channel, and hence the container, have two basic geometric patterns. The innermost or first portion, extending for substantially 130 degrees, is circular-like for the first part thereof (ARC1) and is spiral-like inward for approximately the last 38 degrees of arc (ARC2). The outermost or second portion comprises four arcuate segments (ARC3, ARC4, ARC5, ARC6), each having a different radius of different decreasing magnitudes respectively, and extending from different centers C3, C4, C5 and C6, which are located at variously displaced distances from the true center TC. These segments extend through arcs ARC3, ARC4, ARC5 and ARC6, respectively, and total to substantially 180 degrees. The spiral is defined by the equation:
in millimeters, and is approximated by four circular arcs having four different radii and turned from four different centers. The radii, center location and angular extremes of the four arcs are defined in the following table:
______________________________________ CENTER ANGULAR LOCATION EXTREMES SEG- CEN- RA- FROM FROM FROM ARC MENT TER DIUS X--X Y--Y CENTER ______________________________________ ARC1 C1 83.1 1.0 0 20.degree.14' 150.degree.21' ARC2 C2 51.9 26.1 15.4 150.degree.21' 209.degree.22' ARC3 C3 77.4 8.2 15.7 175.degree.35' 215.degree.35' ARC4 C4 91.0 19.3 7.8 215.degree.35' 255.degree.35' ARC5 C5 106.9 23.2 7.6 255.degree.35' 295.degree.35' ARC6 C6 125.5 15.2 24.4 295.degree.35' 335.degree.35' ______________________________________
The linear measurements are in millimeters.
These segments taken together form a spiral-like portion for platelet concentrate collection as subsequently described. A short transition portion TP couples the first and second portions together. As shown, the transition section leads radially inward from the outlet end of the first portion to the inlet end of the second portion. The inlet connection 17 for the whole blood is connected to the inlet chamber of the cavity joining the ends of the tubing. Also, the fluid connection 18 to the inlet chamber is provided for removing the red blood cells which are centrifuged against the outer wall of the first portion. The end of connection 18 extends outwardly almost to the outer wall of the inlet chamber, so that the packed red cells can be removed without removing any of the incoming whole blood.
The geometry of the first portion is such that the red blood cells which move to the outer wall flow against the direction of flow of the incoming whole blood, and reach the bottom of the inlet chamber, from whence they are removed by the connection 18. The input line 17 is terminated at the top or inward end of the inlet chamber, so that the whole blood and the packed red cells are adequately separated.
Separation of platelets occurs in both the first (inner) and second (outer) portions. Some of the platelets which separate in the inner or first portion settle on the interface between the red cell and plasma at the downstream dam of the channel in the transition portion TP. These platelets tend to be the largest and therefore, most desirable platelets to collect. Consequently, the first portion of the assembly is designed such that these separated platelets can easily be spilled over into the second portion without spilling many red cells.
The essential design features of the first portion of the assembly are as follows:
1. The inner wall of the first portion is smooth, continuous and gently changing so that the interface can be drawn to the innermost radial point of the channel without any substantial turbulence in the flow which would cause an excessive mixing of the red cell-platelet-plasma interface.
2. The majority of the first portion channel is slightly offset from the true center to assist in pumping the separated red cells back to the RBC port.
3. At the downstream extreme, the first spiral portion of the channel deflects inwardly. This provides a comfortable operating point for the interface at which the plasma layer in the majority of the channel is very thin and the risk of accidentally spilling red cells to the second channel is minimal. Keeping the plasma layer thin is essential to high yields because the thin layer yields a high plasma velocity which assists in keeping the platelets moving toward the second stage.
4. The first portion of the channel narrows just prior to the entrance to the second portion. This narrowing is used to concentrate the platelets which are intentionally spilled to the second portion after collecting on the interface of the first portion. The narrowing makes it easier to detect when the majority of the platelet concentrate has been spilled.
Using conventional stroboscopic techniques, the operator of the centrifuge can observe the interface at the transition portion TP, and adjust the flow rates so that the interface approaches very closely the inner wall of the container at the exit bend from the first portion. Such platelets as have already been separated will then move at high velocity through the transition portion and into the second smaller spiral-like portion of the container. It has been found that high flow velocity of the concentrate is very necessary if the platelets are not to aggregate into clumps, which would then require a resuspension operation. For this reason, the inner width of the container for the second portion is reduced to substantially one quarter the inner width of the first portion, for example, one sixteenth inch and one quarter inch respectively. Reduction in the cross section results in higher flow velocity in the narrower portion.
At the terminal or outlet end of the second or spiral-like portion of the container, there is provided a collecting chamber 23 in the cavity 16. This is a closed chamber in the cavity, with the exit end of container 13 entering at one side thereof, slightly above the outward wall or bottom of the cup. A small bore tube extends from the inward or top end of the well down to, but not touching the bottom. This tube 20 is the platelet concentrate outlet connection. As noted previously, it is necessary to keep the cross-sectional area relatively small in order to achieve high flow rates. Thus the platelet concentrate connection 20 is on the order of one thirty-second of an inch I. D. as compared with the three-sixteenths inch I. D. for the other connections. A plasma outlet connection 19 is provided at the top of the collecting well or chamber 23.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional elevation view taken along the section line 3--3 in FIG. 2, and shows the vertical alignment of the two portions.
It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiment described above provides an assembly in which a plurality of filler pieces could be interchangeably utilized in the same centrifuge bowl, including the one described above. If such interchangeability is undesirable or unnecessary, a one-piece rotor may be used, forming, with the container, another preferred embodiment of the invention.
Such a structure will be apparent from the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 4, showing how the bowl and center piece can be formed from one piece of material, either by molding or machining.
Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the cavity 16 comprises a bottom portion 25 and a top or plug 27, each preferably molded from suitable plastic, and then cemented together. The boss or projection 29 on the top 27 contacts the portion 31 of bottom 25 and is cemented thereto to effectively divide the cavity into two chambers, an inlet chamber generally designated by reference character 33 and an outlet chamber 23. The side opening 37 receives the inlet end of the first spiral portion of the fluid container, and the side opening 39 receives the outlet end of the second spiral portion of the container. The whole blood input line 17 is received in the portion of cap 27 at the top of the inlet chamber 33. The red blood cell line 18 has an extension 41 which extends to the bottom of inlet chamber 33, where the red blood cells collect after retroflow in the first spiral portion of the container. Plasma outlet line 19 is terminated in the top of cap 27, on the side comprising the outlet chamber 23. The platelet output line 20 is received in a groove 43 extending along the cavity and having its outer end cemented in a passage which opens into the outermost end of the outlet chamber 23.
FIG. 6 shows the relationship of the assembled top and bottom portion shown in FIG. 5A.
From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the present invention provides a novel centrifuge assembly which is advantageous from the standpoint of being economical to fabricate and includes a low cost simple disposable fluid container to be discarded after a single use, thereby removing the expensive duties of cleaning and sterilizing required with reusable centrifuge containers.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to several preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
1. A disposable elongated container of semirigid material for use in a centrifuge, said container having first and second ends, a first portion of said container being adapted to have a circular-like configuration and a second portion of said container being adapted to have a spiral-like configuration with an increasing radius,
- a transisition portion connecting the terminal end of the first portion with the initial end of the second portion, said initial end of the second portion being adapted to be located radially inward of the terminal end of the first portion,
- a plurality of fluid connections to the first end of said elongated container for introducing fluid near the inner wall and for withdrawing the component of said fluid which accumulates beyond the inlet,
- at least one fluid connection to the second end of said elongated container for withdrawing the remaining fluid,
- whereby some of the fluid that enters at the first end of said container counterflows back to said first end and exits at said first end while the remaining fluid exits at said second end.
2. A container as claimed in claim 1, in which said fluid connections comprise an inlet connection to one end of said container, and at least one output connection to the other end of said container.
3. A disposable elongated container as claimed in claim 1, characterized by said container comprising a length of semirigid tubing having a substantially rectangular cross section.
4. A container as claimed in claim 3, in which the height and width of the container correspond to the height and width of said channel.
5. A disposable container as claimed in claim 1, in which said container is provided with a collecting well at the outlet end thereof, and outlet fluid connections at the outlet end of the container are terminated in said collecting well.
6. A centrifuge assembly for use in a centrifuge having a rotor bowl, comprising, in combination,
- means forming a channel which has first and second portions connected seriatim, said first portion having a circular configuration and said second portion having a spiral-like configuration,
- a disposable elongated container of semirigid material contained in said channel, said container having first and second portions corresponding to the first and second portions of said channel, each of said first and second portions having first and second ends,
- a transisition portion connecting the second end of the first portion with the first end of the second portion, said first end of the second portion being located radially inward of the second end of the first portion, and
- a plurality of fluid connections to the first end of said elongated container for introducing fluid near the inner wall and for withdrawing the component of said fluid which accumulates beyond the inlet,
- at least one fluid connection to the second end of said elongated container for withdrawing the remaining fluid, whereby some of the fluid that enters at the first end of said container counterflows back to said first end and exits at said first end while the remaining fluid exits at said second end.
7. A container as claimed in claim 6, in which said container is formed from medical grade polyvinyl chloride.
8. A centrifuge assembly as claimed in claim 6, in which said means for forming a channel comprises a filler piece is provided with a plurality of radial slots to receive said fluid connections.
9. A centrifuge assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein the width of the disposable container in said second spiral-like portion is substantially one-fourth of the width of the container in said first spiral portion.
10. A centrifuge assembly as claimed in claim 6 in which said first portion of said channel and said container has a constant radius offset from the true center to permit red blood cells to flow along the outer wall of said container in the direction opposite to the flow of incoming whole blood.
Type: Grant
Filed: Jul 16, 1981
Date of Patent: Jun 7, 1983
Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation (Endicott, NY)
Inventor: Alfred P. Mulzet (Endicott, NY)
Primary Examiner: Robert W. Jenkins
Law Firm: Sughrue, Mion, Zinn, Macpeak and Seas
Application Number: 6/283,856
International Classification: B04B 1100;


text:
Someone emailed me to warn me that the Marshmallow Peeps Fun Bus was going to be in Rochester the same day we were. Peeps are those little stale Easter marshmallow birds with lopsided dots for eyes that blow up when you put them in your microwave. They don't taste very good, but they're cute. Somehow Peeps Inc. turned out to be Guster fans and were happy to send 42 cases of Peeps to our show last night.
42 cases, 24 boxes per case, 12 Peeps per box. Let me do a little math. Search hard drive. "Calculator." There we go. 12,096 Peeps at the show. We held a Peep-eating contest on stage while modulating the guitar lick from Happy Frappy a half step each go-around. Someone won a t-shirt. We debuted "Come Downstairs & Say Hello," and then the show was over.
See you in Boston on Tuesday. Gulp.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Duke of Newcastle
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Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne is a title that has been created three times. The related title Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme has been created once to provide a slightly more remote special remainder. The title first was conferred in 1665 when William Cavendish was made Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne. He was a prominent Royalist commander in the Civil War. He had already been elevated as Viscount Mansfield in 1620, Baron Cavendish of Bolsover and Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1621 and Marquess of the latter in 1643, and was created Earl of Ogle as main subsidiary title to the dukedom to be used as a courtesy style for his heir presumptive.
|Dukedom of Newcastle
|Creation date
|1665 (first creation)
1694 (second creation)
1715 and 1756 (third creation)
|Charles II (first creation)
William III and Mary II (second creation)
George I and George II (third creation)
|Peerage of England (first creation)
Peerage of Great Britain (second and third creation)
|First holder
|William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle
|Last holder
|Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle
|Remainder to
|the 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Special remainder for the third creation
|Subsidiary titles
|Marquess of Clare
Earl of Ogle
Viscount Mansfield
Baron Cavendish of Bolsover
|Extinction date
|1691 (first creation)
1711 (second creation)
1988 (third creation)
|Clumber Park
The titles became extinct in 1988, a year that saw the deaths of the distantly related ninth and tenth Dukes of Newcastle under Lyme.
- 1 Details of each creation
- 2 Dukes of Newcastle, first creation (1665)
- 3 Earls of Clare (1624)
- 4 Dukes of Newcastle, second creation (1694)
- 5 Dukes of Newcastle, third creation (1715)
- 6 Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1756)
- 7 Principal seats and abodes
- 8 See also
- 9 References
Details of each creationEdit
- Family background
Cavendish was the son of Sir Charles Cavendish, third son of Sir William Cavendish and his wife Bess of Hardwick. William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire, was his uncle (see the Duke of Devonshire for further history of this branch of the family). Sir Charles Cavendish married as his second wife Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle, daughter of Cuthbert Ogle, 7th Baron.
- Details of first creation
In 1629 their son and namesake (then Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne) succeeded as ninth Baron Ogle. He was succeeded by his son, the second Duke, also a politician. His only son and heir apparent Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle, predeceased him. On the latter's death in 1691 all the titles became extinct, except the barony of Ogle which fell into abeyance between his four daughters (one of whom was Lady Elizabeth).
- Details of second creation
One of these daughters, Lady Margaret, married John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare. In 1694 the dukedom was revived when he was created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne. The Holles family descended from John Holles who was created Baron Haughton, of Haughton in Nottinghamshire, in 1616, and Earl of Clare in 1624. His second son was a politician Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles. Lord Clare was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented East Retford, Nottinghamshire in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant. His son, the third Earl, was briefly MP for Nottinghamshire in 1660. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Earl, who was raised to Duke in 1694; together with Lady Margaret he had one daughter but no sons and on his death in 1711 all his titles became extinct.
- Third creation and Newcastle-under-Lyne additional title with special remainder
The Duke's sister, Lady Grace Holles (d. 1700), married Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham (see Earl of Chichester for earlier history of the Pelham family). On his uncle's death in 1711 their eldest son succeeded to the substantial Holles estates and assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname and arms of Holles. In 1714 the earldom of Clare was revived when he was created Viscount Haughton, and Earl of Clare, with remainder to his younger brother Henry Pelham, and the following year the dukedom was also revived when he was made Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, with like special remainder. These titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain. In 1756 when his brother died without male issue and it was evident that the Duke would have no children the Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was additionally created Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne in Staffordshire (an alternate spelling of Newcastle-under-Lyme) with a different special remainder: to his nephew-by-marriage Henry Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln who rapidly took on the additional surname Pelham. For history of this title from the 1768 inheritance upon the 1st Duke's death, see Earl of Lincoln. His other titles became extinct except for the Pelham baronetcy (of Laughton) and the barony of Pelham (of Stanmer), which devolved to his first cousin once-removed, Thomas Pelham (for the history of these titles, see Earl of Chichester).
Extensive personal, transaction and estate papers of the Dukes are held in the Portland (Welbeck) and Newcastle (Clumber) collections at the University of Nottingham's Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections.
Dukes of Newcastle, first creation (1665)Edit
- also Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne (1643), Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne (1628), Viscount Mansfield (1620) and Baron Ogle (1461)
- William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1592–1676) was a Cavalier commander in the English Civil War
- Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle (1630–1691), only surviving son of the 1st Duke, died without surviving male issue
Earls of Clare (1624)Edit
- also Baron Haughton (1616)
- John Holles, 1st Earl of Clare (1564–1637) was Comptroller of the Household to Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
- John Holles, 2nd Earl of Clare (1595–1666), eldest son of the 1st Earl
- Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare (1633–1689), second (eldest adult) son of the 2nd Earl
- John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare (1662–1711), eldest son of the 3rd Earl, was created Duke in 1694
- married Lady Margaret Cavendish, daughter of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of the first creation
Dukes of Newcastle, second creation (1694)Edit
- also Earl of Clare (1624) and Baron Haughton (1616)
- John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1662–1711) died without male issue, and his titles became extinct
Dukes of Newcastle, third creation (1715)Edit
- also Earl of Clare (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and Pelham Baronet, of Laughton (1611)
- Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693–1768), Prime Minister twice, a nephew of John Holles, 1st Duke of the second creation, died without male issue. At this point his father's baronetcy and barony of 1706, his own earldom and dukedom of 1715 became extinct.
Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1756)Edit
- 1st Duke: also Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1715), Earl of Clare (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and Pelham Baronet, of Laughton (1611)
- Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (above) was granted this second Newcastle dukedom, with remainder to his nephew
- Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1720–1794), nephew of the 1st Duke
- George Pelham-Clinton, Lord Clinton (1745–1752), eldest son of the 2nd Duke, died young
- Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln (1750–1778), second son of the 2nd Duke
- Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln (1777–1779; styled Lord Clinton until 1778), only son of Lord Lincoln, died young
- Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1752–1795), third son of the 2nd Duke
- Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (1785–1851), eldest son of the 3rd Duke
- Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle (1811–1864), eldest son of the 4th Duke
- Henry Pelham Alexander Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle (1834–1879), eldest son of the 5th Duke
- Henry Pelham Archibald Douglas Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1864–1928), eldest son of the 6th Duke, died without issue
- Henry Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1866–1941), second and youngest son of the 6th Duke
- Henry Edward Hugh Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1907–1988), only son of the 8th Duke, died without male issue
- Edward Charles Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1920–1988), great-grandson of Lord Charles Pelham Pelham-Clinton, second son of the 4th Duke. On his death also in 1988 the dukedom ceased to have patrilineal heirs so became extinct.
- see also Earl of Lincoln
Principal seats and abodesEdit
- England
- 'Clumber Park also known as Clumber Park Lodge', spanning Clumber and Worksop (hist. Worsop), Nottinghamshire until 1937
- Boyton Manor House, Wiltshire from 1950s onwards
- A mansion on part of the site of dismantled Nottingham Castle which was on the rejection of "the Reform Bill" by the lords set on fire by a mob, at which time it had for many years been divided into separate dwellings.[1]
- Newcastle House, Lincolns Inn Fields, London, relatively briefly[2]
- 'Claremont', Esher, north Surrey (1714-1768)
- The 6th and 8th Dukes inherited the Hope mansions of Deepdene, Dorking, Surrey and Castleblayney, County Monaghan, Ireland; the latter sold these.
- Wales
- One Duke of the last creation bought retreat Cwm Elain, Dyfryn-Elain, Cwm-Toyddwr, Radnor from Sir Robert Peel. It parted from the Dukes before 1849.[3]
- The 4th Duke bought very well-endowed-with land 'Hafod Uchtryd', by the Ystwith in Ceredigion from Thomas Johnes (d.1816) in a process from 1831 lasting until 1833 for £70,000, spent £20,000 on it and sold it for £95,000 to Henry Hoghton in 1846. He later added the Havod Arms inn four miles from the house in Llanfihangel y Creuddyn as an investment.[4][5][6]
Family treeEdit
Dukedom Extinct, 1988: the Earldom of Lincoln passed to the 10th Duke's 10th cousin, Edward Horace Fiennes-Clinton, 18th Earl of Lincoln. (See Earldom of Lincoln for more complete tree of the Earldom.)
Other notable descendants (last creation)Edit
- Camilla Long[7] descends from the Henry Pelham-Clinton, the 4th Duke.
See alsoEdit
- Duke of Devonshire
- Earl of Portland, which inherited most of the dukedom's estates from 2nd Duke of Portland[clarification needed]
- Cavendish-Bentinck
- Duchess of Newcastle (disambiguation)
- Earl of Chichester
- Earl of Lincoln
- Earl of Newcastle
- Baron Clinton
- Baron Holles
- Baron Ogle
- ^ 'Nottingham', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp. 446-461. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp446-461, accessed 30 September 2017.
- ^ 'London', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp. 129-170. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp129-170, accessed 30 September 2017.
- ^ Samuel Lewis, 'Dyfryn-Elain', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 317-320. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp317-320, accessed 30 September 2017.
- ^ Samuel Lewis, 'Cardiganshire', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 158-180. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp158-180, accessed 30 September 2017.
- ^ Samuel Lewis, 'Edern - Eidda', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 320-328. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp320-328, accessed 30 September 2017.
- ^ Samuel Lewis, 'Llanvihangel', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 129-147. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp129-147, accessed 30 September 2017.
- ^ Lundy, Darryl (24 May 2009). "Camilla Elizabeth Long". thepeerage.com. Wellington, New Zealand. p. 35,938. Archived from the original on 28 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
- Kidd, Charles & Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990
- Lundy, Darryl. "FAQ". thePeerage.com.
- "Manuscripts and Special Collections :The Dukes of Newcastles of Clumber Park - a Brief History". University of Nottingham. Retrieved 8 February 2013.


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How much time have you spent thinking about the role of reassurance in Alzheimer's care?
Alzheimer's Reading Room
Reassurance - the action of removing someone's doubts or fears. A statement or comment that removes someone's doubts or fears.
Is you loved one living with Alzheimer's mean to you? Did you ever consider reassuring them during the day to help them feel safe and secure? If you try this you might find that your loved is less mean, and, easier to deal with.
Here is a simple example. Have you ever put your arm around them, put you head against their head (attached yourself to them), and said, "don't worry I'm going to take care of you".
I actually first started doing this when my mom was mean to me. She would say,
"Get out, I don't need you here, I can take care of myself".
Instead of explaining to her that she did need me, and couldn't live alone with out me, I started - instead - to reassure her when she became mean. In other words, I did the exact opposite of what I had been doing.
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Guess what? It worked. And, I know it works because other caregivers have tried it and they assure me it does work. Don't expect an instantaneous result. You have to repeat this behavior daily - putting your arm around your loved one and reassuring them. And, once the pattern and feeling take hold - it starts working.
Constant reassurance helps you to improve your relationship with your loved one living with dementia. Wouldn't you feel better and be nicer if someone reassured you by telling you daily what a great caregiver you are? You know what I mean here.
Reassurance makes a person living dementia feel safer and more secure. But here is the biggy - it also raises their self esteem. And, just as important if you engage in reassurance it will help raise your self esteem and confidence. You just feel better about yourself and more confident in your role as a caregiver.
Okay time to listen up. Enjoy.
To share this easily on Facebook and other social media sites click the YouTube button in the lower right hand corner in the video box. Anyone on Reddit? Please Share
This podcast was adapted from the original Alzheimer's Reading Room article
The Role of Reassurance, Attachment and Connectedness in Effective Alzheimer's Care
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Bob DeMarco is the Founder of the Alzheimer's Reading Room (ARR).
Bob is a recognized expert, writer, speaker, and influencer in the Alzheimer's and Dementia Community worldwide.
You are listening to an original podcast Alzheimer's Reading Room
Did you know the Alzheimer's Reading Room contains more than 5,000 articles and has been published since July, 2009? The website is designed to help caregivers deal with the problems they face each day.
Need Help? Search Our Award Winning Knowledge Base for Answers to Your Questions About Alzheimer's and Dementia
Publisher Alzheimer's Reading Room
Speaker Bob DeMarco
June 6, 2018
Title: Podcast - Reassurance in Alzheimer's Care


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Always very inspired by Mark, I hope to be half as strong as he is some day!
That was a very good read. Congratulations on the great performance in Johannesburg, Mark.
I also find it very inspiring that you're still getting stronger at 54. Being 34, and having only competed for a couple of years, seeing your approach really gives me confidence that my training age is more of a limiting factor in my progress than my actual age.
Thanks Guys!! I appreciate that.
This is a really cool article Mark. Especially the fact that it looks like you managed to get to this level even though you had way worse LB injuries than what I have, makes me think it's worth keeping on pushing.
Alexandru, yes, keep pushing. You will find a way around the obstacles.
Great interview, Mark. I'm John Huestis age70 and just started Powerlifting in January 2013, if you can call it that. My first ever squat was a 5x5 routine with the empty bar and it killed me for the next two days. Deadlifts were with 90 lbs. I had benched 200 once in my life a few months prior to starting the Powerlifting. I did my first competition in February 2014 and recently did the USAPL RAW Nationals lifting in Masters IVa at 120+ kg. I'm currently training under Mike's coaching for the 2015 Classic Worlds in Finland. With Mike's coaching and my work I hope to achieve some lofty goals in Finland. Hope to see you there.


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Published at Sunday, May 26th, 2019 - 13:13:04 PM. Coffee Table. By Dior Petitjean.
Do you love to make good food and drink from scratch? You love the pure stuff? You like fresh brewed coffee from gourmet coffee beans, and you need the atmosphere to compliment it, right? If you wish to enhance the look of your home with a coffee comfortable theme, you need a coffee table.
Coffee tables can make or break a room. The right one can make a stylish statement bringing all of your furniture together into a unified whole. However, one element that many people fail to consider is whether their coffee table is actually safe.
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Educational Resources for our Clinton & Jackson, MS Patients
As always, you can contact our office to answer any questions or concerns.
- What is a Podiatrist?
- Links
- Diabetes and Your Feet
- Fractures
- Sports Injuries
- Bunions
- Flat Feet
- Hammertoes
- Spurs
- Plantar Fasciitis (heel spur)
- Smelly Feet and Foot Odor
- Neuroma
- Blisters
- Corns and Calluses
- Ingrown Nails
- Athlete's Foot
- Fungal Nails
- Orthotics
- Fitness And Your Feet
- Basketball
Pregnant women need to observe good foot health to prevent pain and discomfort. Since the body undergoes changes and acquires a new weight-bearing stance, women should wear shoes with broad-based heels that provide support and absorb shock. Additional body weight also calls for more support, to prevent foot "breakdown."
The expectant mother often experiences more than ordinary swelling of her feet and ankles, which can aggravate existing foot conditions and promote inflammation or irritation. Pregnancy also triggers the release of hormones that enhance loose ligaments, which can contribute to foot strain. To help overcome these problems, allow time each day to stay off your feet. Elevate the feet and legs when you are sitting to help prevent and reduce swelling. Don't sit for long periods of time. If problems do develop, please contact our office.


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The Southern Highlands is a region with a population of approximately 44,000. The region is distinct in its geography and is about 110 kilometres south-west of Sydney.
Residential Aged Care Homes in New South Wales
Home Care in New South Wales
Retirement Villages in New South Wales
The largest towns in the area include Mittagong, Bowral, Moss Vale, Bundanoon and Robertson.
Smaller villages include Burradoo, Colo Vale, Yerrinbool, Exeter, Welby and the historical town of Berrima.
There are many other towns and villages throughout the region, which make up the Wingecarribeee Shire.
The Highlands is known for many local attractions including its wineries, national parks and Fitzroy Falls.
Fitzroy Falls is a waterfall in Morton National Park. The reserve offers a view of the waterfall and gives panoramic views of the park as well. It is a popular tourist attraction and includes bushwalking trails, picnic areas and lookouts.
Some of the famous wineries in the region include Centennial Winery, Cuttaway Hill Estate Winery, Southern Highland Wines, Eling Forest Winery, Bou-saada Winery and Blue Metal Winery.
The region has a cool, temperate climate and high amounts of annual rain which experts believe make the soil perfect for wine-growing.


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New research reported in the current issue of Nature and a report from the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (Instituto de[…]Read more
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Wrong Way
Once, not all that long ago, the road was all the rage. Today, the rage is no longer about the[…]Read more
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HRC Pledges To Hold Ashcroft Accountable For Positions Taken During Confirmation Process
The Human Rights Campaign has vowed to hold Attorney General John Ashcroft accountable for the new, more moderate positions he[…]Read more
Environmental Defense Calls FDA Biotech Foods Proposals Unpalatable
On January 17th, Environmental Defense sharply criticized weak proposals by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concerning oversight and labeling[…]Read more
Democrats Historic Gay-Inclusive Civil Rights Package Sets The Stage For Introduction Of Bipartisan Legislation
The Human Rights Campaign recently applauded the Democratic leadership for introducing a gay-inclusive historic civil rights package in Congress. This[…]Read more
On January 30th, The Human Rights Campaign encouraged Exodus International, the world's largest chain of "ex-gay" ministries, to follow the[…]Read more
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When wild dolphins are captured from the open sea, they leave a life of nearly endless open space and opportunity[…]Read more
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The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife has proposed a $2.1 million "study" that would involve killing cougars in two[…]Read more


text: WHILE the man-bag may still be a controversial wardrobe item for some, in fashion circles it has been going from strength-to-strength. For the video for his latest video, Carry Me Home, ** James Blunt** sports one of the stylish postman bags that designer Jas Sehmbi created for his collaborative line Jas MB for Katherine E Hamnett - now in its second season. Jas MB itself has been going for nine years now, after being initiated to encourage men in the UK to carry bags like their European counterparts. The designer now has two boutiques, one in Soho and the other in Fukuoka, Japan, as well as stockists around the world - including Liberty and Selfridges in London - which may be useful to know for any men hoping that a little Blunt style might lead to some of the singer's luck with ladies of the supermodel variety rubbing off on them. (February 19 2008, AM) Ally Pyle


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I'm sure this has been asked before, but I'm confused about how to set up Reaper with HW.
I've got the basics, and I can make organ and reverb come out of my speakers. But all I've managed to do is make the same 2 channels come out of all the 5 pairs of speakers. How do I set up the multichannel part, mixdowns and so on?


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In a move that shows the growing influence of HTC on the worldwide handset market, the smartphone manufacturer from Taiwan has announced that it will be entering the Chinese market for the first time ever.
China is the biggest mobile phone market with an estimated 400 million users and HTC is keen to tap it ahead of other rivals such as RIM, Apple or other local manufacturers such as Huawei or Lenovo.
HTC will be launching four new 3G smartphones that use Chinese home grown mobile technology, Time-Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access or TD-SCDMA.
Two of the handsets, the Wildfire and the Desire, have already been launched in Europe while the HTC Tianxi and the Tianyi appear to be new models with the first one running Windows Mobile and the second one Android. All four however will come with HTC Sense UI.
HTC phones were sold under the brand name Dopod for years and it is unknown as to whether the partnership will remain intact after HTC's decision to launch its own brand in China.
Interestingly, HTC will be partnering with local mobile network operators, China Unicom and China Mobile, to sell its smartphones, something that will provide HTC with some significant kudos.


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Buy SUV Equipment Online
Now that we understand the meaning of the phrase 'geek' as it applies to ThinkGeek we are able to then begin to understand the type of people this web site caters to. I feel it's easy to say that the majority of us have a bit of 'geeky' facet and luxuriate in standing out from the norm. It must be kept in mind that with correct market analysis and session of specialists anybody can buy an electrical automotive part, what must be kept under consideration is that the quality of the product should not be compromised for a lower price and the buyer should at all times make each effort to make an knowledgeable choice.
Because of this people are on common hunt for electrical car components wanted for restore and substitute work. You could pay attention to what's happening below the hood and store on-line for varied automobile parts. When you do a automotive half auction search, the variety of results you're going to get will be extremely overwhelming. One of the simplest ways to seek out auctions for the components you are looking for is to search for the car part itself. You may as well discover other automobile equipment online like fireplace extinguishers, car pedal kits, Hydraulic jacks and more. With this in mind, make the choices of the features which are to be installed within the car. If you are a novice, it is better you attempt a automotive stereo set up if it is just a easy system. The after market heart consoles can also be thought of as one of many other choices to be put in in your car.
Being available in the open market from a number of manufacturers, these form of electrical automotive parts are generally easy to search out but you could exercise warning and discretion whereas spending your money as a result of the standard of the product is just not something value taking any danger.
The electrical automotive components for factory made electrical automobiles are typically obtainable from the unique tools manufacturers. A lot of the electric automobile manufacturers and electrical car package makers additionally promote high quality electric car components which are simply available now in markets because of growing calls for and enhancing provide streams. You have your own goals and plans while you personal a automobile to make it refined and design the inside of your option to feel more comfortable in your drives. Deck out your automobile or truck with the geekiest gear you can't find anywhere else.
Brands like Black & Decker , Spartan and Speedwav produce high-of-the-line products for automobile maintenance. Current tech toys not solely makes your automotive extra enjoyable but also safer to drive and lets them go farther on a gallon of gas, and emit much less pollution; all whereas zipping around corners quickly. The car accessories are additionally available not solely for every type of cars but also for trucks, minivans or USV's. The vary of automotive lights accessible at Amazon India is your ultimate selection for the street forward. The color, design and the interior texture used will also differ from individual to individual. Preserve your automotive tidy with the vary of car equipment accessible on Snapdeal for cleansing and maintenance akin to car vacuum cleaners , automobile dusters and physique covers.


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Can six seasons of Game of Thrones prepare you for video games? On-screen brother-sister duo Peter Dinklage (Tyrion Lannister) and Lena Headey (Cersei Lannister) found out Monday when they stopped by Conan for a round of Overwatch, out Tuesday.
The action began long before the game, with O'Brien ripping apart a faux Iron Throne as Dinklage and Headey sat on folding chairs unlike anything you've seen in King's Landing. "No expense was spared," O'Brien joked. "These are made of Starbursts. Then they put some shoe polish on it."
Headey changed the topic to automatic toilets — about which Dinklage and O'Brien had much to say. Soon, O'Brien summoned someone to explain the rules and the game eventually began. Among the highlights: Headey taking on enemies with multiple guns, and Dinklage and O'Brien discussing the rather perky butts in the game.
Watch it all unfold in the video below.


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Din avgränsning ger 300 träffar.
1994:14 Evaluation of acceptance criteriafor data on environmentally assistedcracking in light water reactors
The assessment of possible sub-critical crack growth through environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) is a commonly encountered problem in safety evaluations of light water reactor components. The numerous factors influencing EAC fall into three main groups (material, medium and loading), butInnehållstyp: Publikationer
94:12 I-boken, version 2. Inledande händelser vid nordiska kärnkraftverk
94:02 Safety Evaluation by Living Probabilistic Safety Assessment
93:06 CRACKER A Program Coupling Chemistry and Transport, Version 92-11
1991:08 The Potential Significance of Permafrost tothe Behaviour of a Deep RadioactiveWaste Repository
Permafrost is one of the scenarios that is being considered as part of the groundwater flow and transport modelling for the Project-90 assessment. It is included as one of the primary Features, Events and Processes (FEPs) which are being kept outside the PROCESS SYSTEM in the SKBjSKI scenarioInnehållstyp: Publikationer
91:12 Radionuclide Migration within Fractured Rock: The Impact of Colloids upon Geosphere Calculations
91:18 The CALIBRE Source-Term Code: Technical Documentation for Project-90
91:11 Radionuclide and Colloid Migration in Fractured Rock: Model Calculations
91:09 Some Aspects of Regional Flow of Variable-Density Groundwater in Crystalline Basement Rock of Sweden
1990:18 Some Estimates of the Total NuclideInventory in the Year 2100 from Swedish Nuclear Power Production
The total nuclide inventory in spent fuel from the swedish nuclear power programme has been estimated for three cases. All reactors were arrumed to operate until the year 2010 and then shut down simultaneously. All fuel used was assumed to be based on enriched natural uranium. The reactors wereInnehållstyp: Publikationer


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Berry Cheesecake (FLV)
Product Description
15ml original bottle
Berry Cheesecake flavoring concentrate formulated from the ground up for vape manufacturing and creating DIY ejuice recipes. Ripe berries with tart creamy cake. More of the white cheesecake than the cookie crust or berry. Recommend Biscotti and any berry to mix in.
Product Reviews
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First real winter storm (Gorm) approaching tonight. Winds up to 30 m/sec.
Picture taken from last year with record winds over 43 m/sec.
NEW: Pocket Wifi
Today we introduce a new convenient service to all our guests. Pocket-Wifi. A small box you take with you while exploring Copenhagen. No extra roaming charges during your stay. The internet is in your pocket so that you can order an Uber taxi, reserve a table at a restaurant or get the latest updates.
Pocket Wifi gives you more than 6-hour usage up to 10 people online at the same time with a fast 4G LTE connection.
Amazing isn't?
The Pocket Wifi is of course a part of being a guest at Copenhagen Houseboat with no extra charges.
We hope you like it!
November 2015
November is here. And we adore the season.
Fall in Copenhagen can be windy, cold and rough. But so far we have had a mild October, and November according to weather wizards should be ok too.
However we will start the "fireplace" season, and make sure you can warm your cold and tired feet after a long day walking the streets of Copenhagen.


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Cardboard baler machine, also known as strapping machine , is the use of strapping wrapping products or packaging, and then tighten and melt through the ends of the heat effect or use the buckle and other materials linked machine.
Cardboard baler features
1 adaptability: do not need to replace any part can be applied to 6 ~ 15mm PP belt;
2. more efficient: just 1.5 seconds for each bundle;
Instantaneous heating: 5 seconds after boot to enter the best packing state;
4. Good safety: thermal system hot melt design only 1V voltage;
5. Practical and convenient: the bottom with casters to facilitate mobile devices;
6 stable operation: electromagnetic clutch, fast and smooth; even shaft drive, fast speed, low noise, less wear and tear, low failure rate;
7. For major factories, e-commerce delivery.
Cardboard baler is mainly for commercial, postal, railways, banking food, medicine, books and periodicals, distribution and other industries cartons, wooden boxes, paper bags, wicker boxes, cloth bags of packaging and strapping. After inserting the packing tape, the machine can automatically complete the tape, blinds, heat, cut and out of tape, and equipped with automatic shutdown function. Automatic polyethylene plastic for the binding material, Work speed, high efficiency, save time and effort, high-quality packaging.
1. Q:Are you a manufacturer, trading company or a third party?
A:We are a manufacturer, and we have builded up our company since 2008.
2. Q:Where is your factory located?
A:Our factory address is : No.32 Xiaying Road Qiaoqi Village Xuxiake Town Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, China.
3. Q:How can i get to your factory?
A:Our factory is near shanghai Airport, we can pick you up in the airport.
4. Q:If i will need to stay in your place for few days, is that possible to book the hotel for me?
A:It's always my pleasure, hotel booking service is available.
Welcome to buy the cardboard baler machines cardboard compactors made in China from our factory. As one of the leading such manufacturers and suppliers in China, we will offer you now only the best quality products but also excellent service.


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Marseille is the capital of the Bouches-du-Rhône department and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur administrative region. It has a reputation of being nitty-gritty and sometimes downright dangerous but as is often the case with bigger cities, the dangers of being a tourist in France's second largest city are a tad overstated. I travelled there in the springtime, armed […]
Cityscape: Marseille, France
10:57:25 am by Leave a Comment
Cityscapes: Oslo, Norway
1:34:50 pm by 2 Comments


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To answer this question we need to begin with the understanding that, as Christians, our trust is grounded in the Lord Jesus Christ. While we have many reasons to accept and believe that the Bible is accurate, we can never fully prove it to be so because we do not have the original manuscripts. But what we do have is the promise of God to preserve His Word (Matthew 4:4). This is perhaps an even greater blessing. We think that it would be great to have the original manuscripts so we could prove to the world that the Bible is true. However, if that were so, we would be trusting in the proof of those original manuscripts. Instead, we are trusting our God. Our faith is built on trust in Jesus Christ. He is the foundation from which all our understanding and reasoning comes. Therefore, we walk in faith knowing that He promised to preserve His Word and that His Word is true.
John 17:17 Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth.
Trusting the Bible
Beginning with that understanding that our trust is first in the God of the Word, let's address how we know that we can also trust the Word of God. The Bible has been translated into many languages and into multiple versions in those languages. The answer to whether every translation of the Bible is 100% accurate, would certainly be, no. Some Bible translations are definitely more accurately translated than others.
The question asked is likely addressing the multitude of English language Bible available today, most of which are reliable and accurate translations, but some of which are not. In determining which translations are reliable and accurate, one must consider the methods of translation and the manuscripts from which a translation derive.
Faithful Translations
In the English language, we have a number of time-tested Bible translations that have been proven to be accurate and trustworthy. The King James Version and the New King James come from a line of manuscripts that originated in Antioch, Syria. Throughout the centuries the KJV has been held to be an accurate translation. It was translated from more than 5,200 manuscripts available in 1611.
The New King James is very similar to the King James but is written in modern language, removing the Elizabethan language of 1611. Since its publication, in full, in 1982 (New Testament in 1979; Psalms in 1980), it has been considered to be an accurate translation.
The New American Standard (NASB, 1971, most recently updated in 1995) is translated from manuscripts that originated in Alexandria, Egypt and is also considered to be a very accurate translation. It is fair to say that these three Bibles are the preserved Word of God and are accurate in their translation.
Translation Styles
Each of the Bibles mentioned (KJV, NKJV, and NASB) is a word-for-word, or formal equivalence, translation. There are also Bibles that are thought-for-thought, or dynamic equivalence, translation. There will be more variation from the original manuscripts in such Bibles.
No "Telephone" Errors
It is correct that the Bible has been translated into English many times. However, unlike the game of "telephone," where a message is passed from person to person and can conclude with a very distorted message, in Bible translation the translators begin with the oldest manuscripts available to them. They went "back" to the most "original" sources available. It would be like each person in the "telephone" game going to the first person and being given the message directly, before passing it on. The message would be extremely accurate as it would have lost nothing through the progressive passing from one person to another.
The Preferred Translation Debate
All English Bibles derive from one of the two manuscript lines—Antioch or Alexandria. There are far too many to discuss their merits and judge which are considered to be accurate and reliable and which take too much liberty in translation and deviate from the historical manuscripts.
Selecting a Bible is dependent on personal preference and purpose of use (i.e. reading or studying). Standards for selecting a Bible to study should be much higher than for a Bible to read for pleasure. When it comes to studying the Bible it is best to stay with a time-tested, formal equivalence translation. (For more information, read Which is the best Bible translation?)
Take care in selecting which Bible you will read and which Bible you will use for study. You should do enough research to make an informed decision on choosing a Bible translation. However, I return to what was stated at the beginning. Our trust is not in manuscript evidence or proofs of biblical accuracy. Our trust is in God, and He has promised to preserve His Word and teach us. As Christians, it is not about proving the Bible to be accurate. It is about trusting that it is accurate because it's God's Word.
Always seek God in prayer before you read and study. Remember, it is the Holy Spirit who teaches us all things and He can faithfully teach us about God and His will and ways through any translation.
John 14:26 But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you.
John 16:13 Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will show you things to come.
When one has thoughtfully and prayerfully chosen a Bible translation, begin reading with confidence, knowing that the Word of God is just as true and faithful as the God of the Word. We do have accurate Bibles available to us today and we can trust that the Bible is inerrant. Remember, Jesus declared,
"…It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God. (Matthew 4:4)
Jesus would not expect us to live by His Word if He has not accurately preserved it. The Bible has incredible unity, accuracy, and life-changing power and influence because it reveals to us the Lord Jesus Christ. It is proven that when God says He will do something, He is faithful and true to do so. A great example is prophecy. God has fulfilled so many of the prophecies found in the Bible and has done so precisely as He said He would. The proof of fulfilled prophecy supports the belief that He will be faithful to fulfill the prophecies that are yet to be fulfilled, including:
"Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away." (Matthew 24:35 35).
The Precious Word of God
Revere the Word of God, for it is through the Bible that we receive a greater revelation of God and His will and ways. The great reformer Martin Luther so beautifully proclaimed what our feelings and beliefs about the Bible should be:
Feelings come and feelings go, and feelings are deceiving.
My warrant is the Word of God–naught else is worth believing.
Though all my heart should feel condemned, for want of some sweet token.
There is One greater than my heart, Whose Word cannot be broken.
I'll trust in God's unchanging Word, till soul and body sever.
For, though all things shall pass away. . .
― Martin Luther
About the Bible
- Which Bible Translation is Best?
- What makes the Bible so unique?
- Which Old Testament Book Did Jesus Quote Most Often?
- What is the Most Popular Book in the Bible? The Least Popular Book?
- Super Bowl – Bible Quiz – Game
- The Bible: Truth
- The Bible: A History Book?
- Does Mark 16:9-20 Belong in the Bible?
- See Jesus on every page of the Bible!
- Is the Bible still accurate?
- Is the Bible a Love Letter to Me?
- Where should I start reading the Bible?
- What would be the best Bible to read?
- A better answer than 2 Timothy 3:16 for the Bible being God's Word?
- The Everlasting Word Of God
- God At Word In Us
- God's Words Of Wisdom
- The Oracles Of God
- Bible Versions or Translations?
- How Can We Be Certain the Bible was Inspired by God?
Be Ready Always...
to give a reason for the Hope that you have (1 Peter 3:15). When you can't share the gospel with your words, share it by leaving tracts that tell people about God's grace.
When leaving a tract, always be diligent to pray about the short gospel message. Pray that it be found by someone who is in need of Jesus' saving grace, and pray that the person will have a tender heart and open ears to receive the gift Jesus desires to give them.
By the power of the Holy Spirit, even a small tract can help in turning a broken sinner from darkness to light.
The Top Ten Power of Hope Articles from 2018
- JESUS WEPT. Why? And…it's not the shortest verse in the Bible!
- The GATE OF THE YEAR: A Message to a Troubled Nation
- TWO WOMEN—Two Stories—Two Songs
- "LAUGHTER is the Best Medicine" Who Said That?
- The WIZARD OF OZ and God
- Following the Good, Great, and Chief SHEPHERD
- The best EULOGY to remember a father!
- ISRAEL Celebrates 70 YEARS As A Nation & the Significance for Christians
- HELLO DARKNESS, My Old Friend: The Sounds of Silence
Our Ministry's Two Favorite Articles from 2018:
Facing Terminal Cancer with Hope & Joy
When the Battle is Lost but the Victory is Won — Saying Goodbye to a Friend
The Top Ten Got Questions? Articles from 2018
- The Meaning of NUMBERS in the Bible?
- The Meaning of COLORS in the Bible?
- Is my TATTOO a sin?
- What do the 12 stones UNDER the JORDAN River mean? (Joshua 4)
- What Does It Mean to TASTE & SEE That God Is Good? (Psalm 34)
- Where did OT Saints go at death?ABRAHAM'S BOSOM? Where was that?
- Why Does the LGBT Use God's Rainbow For Its Flag?
- Should we call HIS NAME Jesus? Or Yahweh?Or Yeshua?
- Jesus said, I NEVER KNEW YOU. Why?
- Can JEWS go to HEAVEN without knowing Jesus?
Other Popular Questions:
- Something ALL Christians must know: IVDARR
- Is Satan's Real Name LUCIFER? Or Should We Call Him Satan?
- If BAPTIZED as an Infant, Do I Need to Be Baptized Again?
- Was Jesus CRUCIFIED on Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday?
- Why Is PRAYER Important?
- Is There a Hidden Message in Revelation 7?
- What is the Significance of the Wise Men's THREE GIFTS?
- Is It a Sin to Drink ALCOHOL?
- What Did Jesus Say About HEAVEN (and HELL)?
- Is SUICIDE an Unforgivable Sin?
Top Three Videos from Reasons for Hope* Jesus
- Christian Version of Leonard Cohen's Hallelujah
- Memorial Day Bagpipes Tribute: Amazing Grace
- Psalm 34 – Taste and See That the Lord is Good
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Taking you to new and familiar places with gear you help to create.
We are…
As makers (some may say warriors), we are willingly engaged in the constant struggle / conflict to creatively transform raw materials into finished products with our own hands.
As stewards, we are protectors and keepers of the history and traditions of our Carolina Mountains, especially those of craft (sewing), textiles, and camping.
As teachers, we are boldly empathetic, encouraging, and dedicated to constant individual improvement.
Our Purpose
Together, we explore the limits of fabric to craft durable outdoor gear with passion, creativity, and pride.
Our Values
Our Team
Above all else, we are fabric craftspeople.
We have the experience and resourcefulness to solve problems and create customized products for our customers. We work with a wide range of materials from traditional to innovative fabrics, from durable and heavy to high performance and ultra-lightweight. From experience, we find the most efficient ways to cut, design, and join fabrics together. We have implemented LEAN Manufacturing principles making it even easier to explore ways to add customization or personalization to our products. In addition, we upcycle Diamond Brand Gear materials for new and creative uses.
John Delaloye CEO
Lauren Rash COO
Lisa Brill Director, R & D
Ann Mercier Director, Procurement
Maria Lassman Production
Vlad Stepanov Production
Michael Atkins Logistics
Kim Hensley Planning
Allison "Allie" Durr Design
Janie Foster Accounting
Ashlee Smith Camp Director
Michelle Fitchett Marketing
Our Legacy
Where we started
Established in 1881 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Diamond Brand Gear is a 138 year-old company. With a history of reliability and innovation, we first supplied our military dating back to WWI and WWII. In 1931, we manufactured the very first backpack for the Boy Scouts. In the 1970s, we designed the popular lightweight camping tent, the Free Spirit. Innovation continues today with the introduction of Craft Gear.
Take a peek at what was happening in the decades of the 20th and 21st centuries,
and see what Diamond Brand was doing during those times.
Take a peek at what was happening in the decades of the 20th and 21st centuries,
and see what Diamond Brand was doing during those times.
the 1900's
Our Roots
In 1881, …
the 1910's
Diamond Brand contract manufactures the first backpack for the Boy Scouts of America.
the 1920's
Coming soon
the 1930's
Coming soon
The 1940's
Supporting the troops
Let's do whatever we can to protect them.
The 1950's
Coming soon
The 1960's
Diamond Brand becomes a leader in the outdoor industry by manufacturing high quality backpacks and tents.
The 1970's
Coming Soon
The 1980's
Diamond Brand works directly with U.S. Army Natick Soldier Systems Center to develop Soldier Crew Tent, taking first significant step to becoming a military contractor.
The 1990's
Coming soon
The 2000's
Diamond Brand wins new military contract to produce U.S. Marine Corps Combat Tent. DBG moves to current 82,500sqft facility in Fletcher, NC.
The 2010's
Diamond Brand Gear is formed to continue manufacturing for the military and the outdoor industry but also to bring back vintage Diamond Brand products.


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PUBLISHED: 10:59 10 January 2019 | UPDATED: 11:07 10 January 2019
An internet prankster got hearts racing in Welwyn today after a photo appeared for a new 'adult store' - but it turns out he was faking it.
A photo appeared today in the Facebook group Welwyn Village News with a picture of empty shop premises on High Street, Welwyn, between Simmons Bakers and Lloyds Pharmacy.
The picture shows the picturesque village's shop sign reading, in bright pink letters, "Welwyn:-Dowd", accompanied by a poster in the window declaring "Adult store opening soon".
But the picture has been photoshopped and no such signs exist.
The anonymous prankster told the Welwyn Hatfield Times why he decided to fake the sign: "We were just thinking about it in the pub and we thought it would be fun.
"It would liven up the village, wouldn't it?
"I was really hoping the professionally offended would get onto it."
But the users of Welwyn Village News have mainly reacted in good spirit, with laughter emojis and highly suggestive puns.


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Game Notes | Video | Live Stats : vs. Army - vs. Air Force: Game 1 & Game 2
Setting the Scene... The Sacred Heart men's ice hockey team is set for three games this week after after being idle the last 10 days. SHU welcomes Army West Point on Tuesday night at Webster Bank Arena for a 7:05 p.m. start, the first of four meetings between both teams this season. Air Force comes to town for a two-game series beginning Saturday, November 25 at 5:05 p.m.
Tickets For Military... With both service academies coming to town, all military (active, reserve, retired, guard) can purchase one dollar tickets for themselves, their family and guests. The discount is available at the Webster Bank Arena Box office with proper military ID.
Last Time Out... The Pioneers dropped the season series finale to AIC on November 11. SHU was faced with a 2-0 deficit into the second period. Jason Cotton registered a goal for the third time in the last for games in the second to cut the score to 2-1. The Yellow Jackets picked up two goals early in the third to push the game to 4-1. Both teams combined for 19 penalties & SHU was 0-for-8 in the game on the man advantage. Nathan Perry registered 26 saves in goal for the Pioneers.
Last Meeting vs The Black Knights…. Army West Point skated away with a 3-0 win over SHU on October 14, 2016. The Black Knights registered one goal in all three periods, ending with empty net goal by Conor Andrle. The Pioneers fired 25 shots on goal but were unable to get past second team All-Conference honoree Parker Gahagen. Brett Magnus made 25 saves for the Pioneers.
All-Time Series vs Army West Point…. The Pioneers and Black Knights sit tied at 28-28-7 in the all-time series dating back to 1996. Army West Point holds a 5-4-1 edge in the last 10 meetings. Army swept the season series last season, shutting out SHU in both contests.
Scouting The Black Knights... Army West Point enters the matchup 6-5-1 overall, playing all Atlantic Hockey foes in the opening 12 games. The Black Knights sit tied for first place and hold a stellar 6-2-0 record away from Tate Rink. Sophomore Michael Wilson leads the offense with nine goals and 13 points. Junior Dalton MacAfee leads the team with nine assists. Senior Cole Bruns owns a sensational 2.10 goals against average and .930 save percentage to rank among the conference leaders. Army boasts the leagues top penalty kill at 90%, that is good for seventh nationally.
Last Meeting vs The Falcons…. SHU earned a 3-2 overtime victory over No. 19 Air Force on February 25, 2017. It was just the second win at Cadet Ice Arena in the series history. Stephen Hladin got the scoring going in 37 seconds into the game. The Falcons owned the second period with a pair of power play goals. The Pioneers tied things up at 19:07 in the third off of Hladin's second goal. Jordan Minello netted the game winner for SHU at 2:31 in overtime. Nathan Perry made a season-high 39 saves in the win.
All-Time Series vs Air Force…. The Falcons hold a 25-9-5 lead in the series all-time. In the last 10 meetings Air Force owns a 6-3-1 record against SHU. The Pioneers will look to snap a three-game win streak by the Falcons on SHU home ice.
Scouting The Falcons... Air Force comes into the series with a 6-6-2 record overall and 2-5-1 in Atlantic Hockey play. The Falcons split the weekend series against RIT last weekend, earning the 4-3 win in the series opener. Air Force is led offensively by Jordan Himley and Evan Giesler with nine points each. Matt Serratore leads the balanced lineup with five goals on the season, while Giesler is tied with Phil Boje with seven assists. Junior netminder Billy Christopoulos owns a 2.36 goals against average in 14 starts for the Falcons.
Cotton Heating Up... Redshirt sophomore Jason Cotton has been on a tear the last six games, picking up the first five points of his career. He recorded his first career goal against Niagara on October 27 and hasn't looked back. In three out of the last four games, Cotton has picked up a goal. He currently leads the team with two power play scores.


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What I do:
I help individuals choose the life they live, rather than the life that 'chooses' them. Our dreams, obligations and career-oriented 'should' beliefs can become such a tangled matt that it becomes very difficult to identify and prioritize the things we really want to be doing. That is why it is important to take the time to clearly identify and remain centered in what is truly and uniquely meaningful to you as an individual. As a coach, it is my job to provide clients with the time, space and support needed to 'untangle the matt.'
As a coach trained to serve clients with ADHD, I am a strong proponent of 'Neurodiversity,' meaning I believe a persons unique brain wiring is an asset rather than a liability. The challenges of ADHD are situational, and often these same traits are strengths when embraced and leveraged in the proper context. My job is to partner with you in creating a life designed and supported by your unique passions, strengths and abilities!
Sessions are 45 minutes in length, and are conducted via phone, FaceTime, Skype, or in-person.
So wherever you are, there I am! Anywhere in the world.


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The Emperor
Downfall of An AutocratBook - 1983 | 1st ed. --
From the critics
Community Activity
CommentAdd a Comment
I have enjoyed all of Kapuscinski's works and not seen any credible, fact-checked or referenced information discrediting his work. Kapuscinski comes from an era of "boots on the ground journalism", partly due to the micro budget he was given from his original communist Polish newspapers. It's so easy nowadays to throwaway a negative comment anonymously online. Go exercise your democratic freedom and read whatever you wish.
Whether or not this book is a reliable history, it is nevertheless a wonderful read. Kapuscinski reveals the bizarre rationalizations that infect the corrupt like a parasite that eventually destroys its host. It was a real page turner for me, fascinating and, 'freerootical's' criticism notwithstanding, a revelation of the working details of this particular despot.
The author of this book, Ryszard Kapuscinski, has since been discredited. He was a propaghandist and wrote many books that were not based on fact. If you want to enjoy a piece of fiction about Haile Selassie, then read this book.
Read it for yourself,
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In 2012, our founders set the ambitious goal to form cashcloud into a company where creativity and efficiency overcome the difficulties of a start-up. Since the creation of the company we have been focused on the development of the best possible product for our customers and partners.
In the last months, we were able to create a solid base for a promising future. We work hard every day to consolidate and expand our position in the market.


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Published on : Monday, July 15, 2019
Macao Government Tourism Office (MGTO) Director, Maria Helena de Senna Fernandes, was one of the guest speakers joining the "World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Regional Conference on Sustainable Development through Tourism," held today (June 3), in Thimphu, Bhutan. The conference was organized ahead of the 31st Joint Meeting of the UNWTO Commission for East Asia and the Pacific and the UNWTO Commission for South Asia, and related events, which attracted the participation of top tourism officials and representatives from 25 countries and territories from across the region.
As tourism leaders come together for the 31st Joint Meeting of the UNWTO Commission for East Asia and the Pacific and the UNWTO Commission for South Asia, which is UNWTO´s principal annual event in the Asia Pacific region, a UNWTO Regional Conference was once again organized in tandem, this year under the theme of "Sustainable Development through Tourism."
Senna Fernandes discusses sustainable tourism policies at High-Level Dialogue
MGTO Director participated in a High-Level Dialogue session of the regional conference, together with other top government representatives in tourism from Mainland China, Bhutan, Japan, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vanuatu, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, as well as Pacific Asia Travel Association CEO. The speakers presented the current situation of sustainable tourism policies and practices in their destinations in line with United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals, followed by discussions.
Maria Helena de Senna Fernandes stated at the session that tourism is a pillar industry of Macao's economy that brought steady economic development to the city, and enabled the Government to improve education, health care, employment, welfare, culture, sports, and multiple other conditions. However, the outstanding tourism development also brought pressure to residents' lives, especially more recently, following the opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, with visitor arrivals for the first four months of the year already surpassing ten million arrivals, marking a 20 per cent year-on-year increase. The Central Government has positioned Macao's development as a world centre of tourism and leisure, hence while developing the city's economy, the Macao SAR Government also has to actively develop a tourism industry compatible with the people's wellbeing, in order to build Macao into a good place with quality for living and travelling, into a sustainable city.
The one-day conference opened with remarks by UNWTO Secretary-General, Zurab Pololikashvili, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bhutan, Tandi Dorji, among other officials. The program of the conference also included two other panel sessions, with one zooming in on "Sustainable Development Goals, Sustainable Consumption and Production through Tourism", while the other invited speakers to address Bhutan's advocated philosophy in a discussion on "Gross National Happiness through Tourism".
Macao tourism situation update at UNWTO Commission for East Asia and the Pacific
Tomorrow (June 4) will be held the 31st Joint Meeting of the UNWTO Commission for East Asia and the Pacific and the UNWTO Commission for South Asia, after separate meetings of each commission, namely the 57th Meeting of the UNWTO Commission for South Asia and the 53rd Meeting of the UNWTO Commission for East Asia and the Pacific, with the agenda of the meetings including the review of UNWTO´s programme of work for the region, among other topics.
MGTO Director is slated to report at the 53rd UNWTO Commission for East Asia and the Pacific on the latest tourism situation in Macao, pointing out new change factors like the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and the Greater Bay Area development plans, along with main events lined up for this year, namely Art Macao, the celebrations of the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Macao SAR, and more.
Macao is an Associate Member of UNWTO since 1981, actively participating over the years in events and projects organized by the organization, with the aim to strengthen international tourism cooperation, enhance the city's profile, and engagement with the world's top international tourism organization.
Tags: MGTO Director in Bhutan to attend UNWTO


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It Ain't Over Till It's Over: So far, history has proved Mr. Frank half-correct. The Dow Jones index, which had peaked around 17,000 at the height of the '90s boom, has merely passed 26,000, not 36,000. But the dot-coms, as you might have noticed, did not exactly vanish.
That old apple of Mr. Blodget's eye, Amazon, which recently became the country's second trillion dollar company, with a stock price more than four times Mr. Blodget's once-risible $400 price target. Mr. Blodget himself went on to become a tech mogul, as a founder of the online news site Business Insider (Mr. Wolff, meanwhile, did not exactly disappear either: his explosive book "Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House," became a best seller earlier this year).
But with the wisdom of hindsight, it is clear that 2001 was not the end of internet culture, but rather, the end of the beginning of internet culture. Today's young tech moguls — like Facebook's $60 billion man, Mark Zuckerberg — are not only among the richest people in the world, they are also Beyoncé-level stars in the eyes of the starry-eyed postgraduates who flock to tech's promised land, hoping, like the characters in HBO's "Silicon Valley," to carve out their slice of the future.
Hindsight Is 20/20: In fairness to Mr. Schwartz, he hinted that tech might come roaring back, bigger than ever, in 2001. "The dot-commer," he wrote, "seen today as a scam artist," might be reborn, "smarter and tougher, because he represents optimism itself."
When contacted last week about the story, he thanked me for the opportunity to stay humble, but added: "As the story predicted, a new generation of companies has arisen and changed the world since that story ran: It includes Facebook, Twitter, Uber and Theranos." He continued, "if there's a lesson in taking a new look at this old story, it has to be to never bet against greed, and never bet on a cultural shift that requires tech companies to grow a conscience."
By ALEX WILLIAMS
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France's data-protection watchdog warned on Friday that it will impose sanctions against Google, after the company missed a three-month deadline to adjust its privacy policy.
The Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL) said it had initiated procedures to fine Google after it failed to meet a deadline to alter its latest policy on how it collects and uses data. The agency said that on the final day before the deadline, Google contested the request, "notably the applicability of the French data-protection law to the services used by residents in France".
The fine, of up to €150,000 ($203,100) is trifling by Google's standards – the search giant made $10.7bn in profits in 2012. But the fine comes as data-protection agencies in Britain, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands are investigating Google's privacy policy. The company is also facing pressure to adjust its privacy policy in the US.
In March 2012, Google changed its privacy policy in Europe to combine those from more than 60 services, including Gmail, Google+ and YouTube, into one. The move consolidated information collected across the services and consumer groups expressed concern that users might not want the information from those services to be connected.
CNIL said in June that Google's new privacy policy was a violation of the 1978 French data-protection act. The agency asked Google to provide clearer information about its privacy policy and to modify its data-collection tools.
In a statement on Friday, a Google spokeswoman said: "Our privacy policy respects European law and allows us to create simpler, more effective services. We have engaged fully with the CNIL throughout this process, and we'll continue to do so going forward."
The French regulator's move comes in a week when a US judge ruled that Google may violate wiretap laws when it scans the e-mails of non-Gmail users. The ruling will allow a class action lawsuit against the company, backed by privacy advocates, to move forward.
Judge Lucy Koh also ruled that Google's privacy agreements were less than explicit. "A reasonable Gmail user who read the Privacy Policies would not have necessarily understood that her e-mails were being intercepted to create user profiles or to provide targeted advertisements," she wrote.


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"Go," the creature says, hiding his face.
"I was sutured to be your bride—"
"You're not an experiment, I have no right to control you."
"No, you don't," she says lowering his hand. "My cobbled soul chooses to stay."
"As a friend?" he asks.
Her lips hover close. "As something, more."
Copyright © 2018 by Jason H. Abbott, All Rights Reserved.
Discover more of my Aethereal Musings.


text: June 4, 2012 at 7:42 AM The two UWs: Whether in Washington or Wisconsin, college degrees don't come cheap Posted by Allison Int-Hout The University of Washington and the University of Wisconsin-Madison share more than initials; both universities and their students are struggling with the rising costs of education and its impact on the quality of education. MILWAUKEE — This Sunday, the Foster School of Business graduation ceremony marked the end of Cheney Ferrell's four years at the UW. And although she has worked 20 hours a week since the beginning of her sophomore year of college to make ends meet, Sunday's graduation also triggered the six-month countdown until she starts paying back about $15,000 in loans. Figure: Over the last 30 years, the average cost of undergraduate tuition at a 4-year university has more than doubled in terms of its percentage of the median household income. (Provided by the Center for College Affordability and Productivity) For another UW student — a University of Wisconsin-Madison student — graduation might mean the same thing in a few years. Jensen Trotter just finished up his sophomore year at UW-Madison and is looking for another job, since his and 18 other positions at the campus' Multicultural Student Coalition were recently cut. Although he hasn't taken out much money in loans so far, thanks to a small amount of federal aid and savings from his parents, Trotter knows the financial responsiblity that comes with getting a college degree. More Comments | More in National | Topics: College affordability, Tuition, Tuition increase


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GPD-800 Series is Techcroft best digital pressure gauge with a stainless steel case and selectable engineering units. it is the great solution for precise and quick on site reading of pressure value that apply in various applications and industries.
The SERIES DPGA is the only economic digital pressure gage with selectable engineering units on the market. With its 1% accuracy and digital push-button zero, the DPGA is the perfect choice for digitally monitoring the pressures of air and compatible gases.
Replace your outdated analog gages with the new Series DPG Digital Pressure Gage. The Series DPG has a high ±0.25% or ±0.5% full scale accuracy. The 4 digit digital display will reduce the potential for errors in readings by eliminating parallax error commonly produced with analog gages.
The SERIES 475 Handheld Digital Manometer measures positive, negative, or differential pressures of air and natural gases in ranges from 1 in w.c. (0.249 kPa) to 150 psid (10.34 bar). The dual push pads on the front panel control the on/off, auto zero, and pressure unit selection, allowing for simple operation with no set up needed. When used with a...


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Every user is having "Watched tags" and "Ignored tags". This is an important core feature of SO because the watched tags are also influencing the feed displayed to the user in the frontpage (please correct me if this is wrong).
Recently I have noticed that this system does not satisfy my needs very well because I see a lot of questions from tags which I am only interested in a little bit at the moment. I would like to have a seperation between favorite tags, tags which I have expertise in, tags which I am simply interested in and tags which I want to ignore (this is already available).
So my suggestion is:
We introduce tag groups such that a user can group his tags and show not only tag feeds but also tag group feeds
If this is too complicated we could at least give the possibility to distinguish between favorite tags, watched tags, ignored tags and one optional custom labelled tag box.
Note that this feature request would not harm any existing functionality. Every new user still would start with the two default tag boxes in the sidebar and the same way it is kept for existing users. Nothing would change until you activate this functionality within your profile settings.
What do you think about adding this functionality? IMHO it would be really useful.