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The 2013 CFP Board Registered Program Conference featured a research poster session for doctoral students to share their unpublished research and studies exploring one or more areas related to the personal financial planning profession.
Lua Augustin
Texas Tech University Terrance K. Martin Jr.
Texas Tech University
Using the 2008 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study investigates whether racial differences in trust can explain decisions to consult a financial planner and the variation in accumulated retirement wealth. Blacks and Hispanics are more likely to report having low trust compared to non-Black, non-Hispanic respondents. The results show evidence that low trust impacts the two outcome decisions of Blacks more relative to non-Black, non-Hispanic respondents. Low trust minimally affects Hispanics relative to non-Black, non-Hispanic respondents as it related to the decision to consult a financial planner and the accumulation of retirement wealth. Marginal effects of Tobit regression analysis show no evidence of racial difference in the effect of a financial planner.
Yuanshan Cheng
Texas Tech University
Michael Finke
Texas Tech University
This article studies the empirical results of fee estimations from clients on compensations paid to their primary financial advisors. A private survey in financial planning industry with 1,407 respondents is used. Questions of fee structures of their primary financial advisor and the amount of fees clients think they paid to their advisors in last 12 months are analyzed. We find that 23% of clients do not know how their primary financial advisors charge for the services and 33% of clients do not know how much they paid in the last 12 months. For the other two third of respondents who thought they know how much they paid, 80% of them gave an inaccurate rate below the industry standard charge ratio based on clients' investable assets under managements. Our result from the logistic regression is showing that the odds of unawareness of the exact fees paid becomes even worse when the fee structures get complicated when comparing "fee only (calculated as a percentage of assets)" with "A combination of fees and commissions", "Commissions only" and "fees only (not linked to assets)". The variances of unawareness of the exact fees paid are not explained by education level or marital status. But other than expected learning process, our results show the longer time working with their primary financial advisors, the higher chance for clients to "relax their self-interest" and ignore fees. And also non-consistent impacts are found on age and income levels. Our study shows empirical results of the naivety of clients in fees paid and has further implications for the necessity of financial planning service compensation structure and amount discourses.
Brigham Dorman
Texas Tech University
The use of online retirement planning tools has become more popular. Studies are showing it might be more beneficial not to use such tools. This paper focuses on the reliability of online retirement planning tools and the risks involved by using them. The findings suggest that the users of such tools need to be more aware of the risks in using the tools as well as the producer of such tools needs to provide more information about the tools to properly educate its users.
The research this paper conveys uses a common method of comparison. It employs five different online retirement planning tools and compares each of them, using a simple retirement planning scenario, with one of the professional retirement planning tools, MoneyGuidePro.
Progress has been made, regarding the gathering of social security information, in attempting to prevent user error. On the other hand, the study found there continues to be a lack of user education and an inability to adequately address longevity risk, rates of return, and drawdown. The inconsistency in required information and default settings among free retirement planning tools lead to different results and demonstrate an imbalance of sufficient planning assistance to users. The credibility of these free tools is in question. Regardless of the results produced, these tools are recommending users to seek out a qualified financial professional.
Retirement has been and is becoming more of a norm. The impact of proper education and tools with sufficient calculations weigh heavier than before. Users of online retirement planning tools may benefit more from completely ignoring these tools and relying on expert advice from qualified financial planners.
Areerat Lertchaipitak
Texas Tech University
Most individuals have to make decisions on saving and investing in their lifetimes. Since saving and investment products are difficult to choose compared to other kinds of goods, individuals may experience some difficulties with this process. Those who search for financial information find better saving and investing opportunities than those who do not. This paper observes the search for financial information as it relates to gender. Consistent with prior research, the results of this study also indicate that females tend to not actively engage in high level of search for financial information compared to males. Higher risk tolerance, higher education, higher wealth, and higher financial assets all positively influence both genders toward increased in search for financial information. Understanding search behavior of females and males can help financial advisors and educators counsel their female and male clients appropriately.
Terrance Martin Jr.
Texas Tech University
Eakamon Oumtrakool
Texas Tech University
Retirees are struggling with sensible decumulation decisions. Those who have present-‐bias preferences may be most vulnerable to spending too much early in retirement. Using 2010 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, we investigate the effect of hyperbolic preferences on required minimum distribution (RMD) spending using binomial logistic regression. We find evidence that more hyperbolic individuals are more likely to spend the RMD than those with less hyperbolic preference score. However, cognitive ability is not associated with decision to spend the RMD among retirees. Understanding the spending decisions among retirees has important implications for policy since it highlights the unintended consequence of reducing longevity risk through endorsement of a smooth consumption path from defined contribution savings.
Patrick Payne
Texas Tech University
The recent global recessionary period has caused young adults to return to living with their parents in large numbers. These individuals (known colloquially as "the boomerang generation") reduce their living expenses by sharing their parent's home. A commonly cited purpose for this household consolidation is to permit the young adult to either accumulate assets or eliminate debts. According to Modigliani's life cycle hypothesis, households that face an increase in real income will reduce their savings rate. This discrepancy between the hypothesis and the stated objectives of the returning children is the genesis of this work. This paper seeks to determine what effect returning to their parent's household has upon the savings rates of these boomerangers by analyzing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort. Analysis here defines the savings rate as the balances of checking and savings accounts net of household debt as a percentage of gross income. This savings rate will be compared to the household's savings rate before moving in with parents, as well as to the savings rates of households that never return to living in their parent's household.
Abed Rabbani
University of Georgia
An important aspect associated with the financial planning processes involves helping clients identify, analyze, and manage risk. This poster reports findings from a study designed to determine if portraits of risk tolerance can be developed for pre-retiree Americans. Some have argued that risk tolerance is domain specific, and that financial planners should not rely on nonfinancial risk indicators as tools for planning. This study shows that while the use of a financial risk-tolerance assessment should be a standard of practice, it is also possible to develop a portrait of risk tolerance that provides a broader perspective of a client's willingness to engage in risky behavior, be it financial or otherwise. Data for this analysis were obtained from the 2010 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 sample. Results indicate that people hold relatively constant, and inter-correlated, attitudes regarding the level of risk they are willing to take when making driving, financial, occupational, health, interpersonal, romantic, and major life choices. This poster can assist financial planners when they begin to discuss concepts related to risk taking with clients. Knowing, for instance, that someone is willing to take driving and health risks may be a clue that the person, when given appropriate information and guidance, may also be willing to engage in risky financial behavior. Knowing about a client's general risk-tolerance portrait may help a counselor or planner better match product and service recommendations to what drives a client's fears and expectations about the future.
Janine K. Scott
Texas Tech University
In the past, more males than females had the need for earnings protection, since there was more labor participation among men. However, women have increased participation both in the labor market and in more male-dominated professions (Bryant & Zick, 2006). Disability and life insurance protects a household's most vital asset, human capital. The aim of this study is to examine disability and cash value life insurance demand among women with high human capital (characterized by education, health, and financial sophistication) across the past decade. Using the 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010 data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, first we use chi-square and Chow tests for each year to assess differences in protection among males and females with similar human capital characteristics. Then a binomial logistic regression model is tested for each survey year to investigate the odds of demanding disability and cash value life insurance separately. Results demonstrate for 1998, 2004, and 2007 there is a significant difference between males and females in cash value life insurance demand. The odds of demanding disability insurance is significantly greater with a financial planner in 2004, 2007 and 2010 and greatest for cash value life insurance demand in 2010. Implications include tailoring different life insurance sales strategies for females in addition to bundling insurance products such as disability insurance to solicit wider consumer participation.
Lawrence Verzani
Texas Tech University
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Metafile reference
The .meta file describes properties of a downloadable extension (see eggs tutorial for an explanation of extensions and meta files).
The following properties are supported:
(synopsis STRING)
A short description of the extension (required).
(author STRING)
The author, optionally with an e-mail address, if desired (required).
(maintainer STRING)
The maintainer, if not identical to the author.
(files STRING ...)
The names of all files that should be contained in the egg (optional).
(license STRING)
The license under which the code is released. Please make sure you use the proper license if you package code written by others (required). Read eggs licensing for details on how to format this string!
(category SYMBOL)
A category under which the egg should be listed on the eggs index page (required).
Currently the set of categories is fixed, use one of:
code-generation Code generation crypt Cryptography data Algorithms and data-structures db Databases debugging Debugging tools doc-tools Documentation tools egg-tools Egg tools ffi Interfacing to other languages graphics Graphics io Input/Output lang-exts Language extensions logic Logic programming macros Macros and meta-syntax math Mathematical libraries misc Miscellaneous net Networking oop Object-oriented programming os OS interface parsing Data formats and parsing sound Sound related stuff testing Unit-testing tools Command line tools ui User interface toolkits web Web programming xml XML processing hell Concurrency and parallelism uncategorized Uncategorized obsolete Unsupported or redundant
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(test-depends EXT ...)
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(platform ID ...)
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subset: commoncrawl


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zufoguri needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 36 designs submitted by 17 freelance designers.
Websiterehab.com.au will be set up to help website owners get the best out of their current websites. Help with updating to standards compliant sites, SEO, marketing and e-commerce. Or generally to give their website a new "facelift".
Desired Color Scheme:
open to any colours
Desired Style:
new, fun, energy
Accepted File Formats:
png please as we use Fireworks
We are trying to help people with websites improve their image and sites, so we would like a new, cool logo for websiterehab.com.au
We are open to all new designs and colours and are happy to be guided by the experts - you!!
We have had a few meetings about the logo and the closest we can agree on is something like the Channel 7 (Australia) tv logo - http://seven.shopau.biz/catalog/intro.html
We think it is cool and fun and has a certain energy to it. And beside that we couldn't think of any other way of making a website into an object!
We really are open to anything at this stage, doesn't have to be too corporate looking.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Knowledgebase: NE1™ Web Builder > Web Page Editor
NE1 Toolbar: Insert Object (Paste HTML Code)
Posted by , Last modified by on 17 December 2010 03:25 PM
Insert Object:
The "Insert Objects" (also known as "Paste HTML Code") icon allows you to insert html and scripts in the page editor. With the "Objects" button, you can insert a specific piece of HTML into the page in a specific position on the page while using the WYSIWYG page editor. This can be somewhat less confusing for some as you do not have to look through the source code to find the appropriate place to put the code and you do not have to use html to set the location. This is especially helpful with scripts.
For more information about HTML and Scripts, please visit the "HTML and Scripts" help pages.


text:
Originally published on June 12, 2012 5:53 am
The legend of the escape from Alcatraz has always held that Frank Morris and Clarence and John Anglin would return for the 50th anniversary of their famed 1962 prison breakout. Tuesday was that anniversary. And while the men, who would now be in their 80s, haven't been heard from in half a century, family members went to the island for the first time to wait — along with U.S. Marshals — just in case.


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The author has graciously shared with readers of the Victorian Web this passage from the second edition of her Fashion in Costume, 1200-2000 (2000), published by A & C Black (Publishers) Ltd., which retains copyright. Readers wishing to obtain the book can e-mail the following address: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Evening cloaks gradually declined in favour during this period although the Talma cloak, knee-length with a wide turnover collar (which might be quilted), was worn during the 1850s. By the 1870s-80s evening coats were considered smarter but they might have a cape and frequently a velvet collar.
Sherlock Holmes wears an Inversness or Ulster topcoat while Dr. Watson wears what seems to be a long version of the Wellesley in Sidney Paget's illustrations of A. Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories that appeared in the 1901-02 Strand Magazine. The second man from the right (with his back to the viewer) wears a Chesterfield in the right-hand image. [Click on these images for larger pictures.]
In the 1850s-60s a single-breasted loose coat reaching the knees, with wide sleeves and buttoning higher as the period proceeded, was known as a 'sac' overcoat, a term also applied to other loose coats in the 1850s such as the double-breasted, thigh-length Wellesley, often bordered with fur and fastened with frogging, or the single-breasted Palmerston with wide cuffless sleeves, broad collar and lapels and flapped pockets. The popular Chesterfield was joined in the late 1850s by the equally popular Inverness, a large single-breasted knee-length loose overcoat with a deep cape, fairly formal in smooth dark-coloured cloth, or countrified and suitable for travelling in plaid wool or tweed. Also for travelling was the Ulster, double- or single-breasted, with a cape in the 1870s, and reaching almost to the ankles; the double-breasted Gladstone of the same date also had a cape but was shorter and edged with astrakhan. The raglan overcoat, which appeared in the 1890s, was full and long with a fly-front fastening and raglan sleeves; a version in waterproofed material replaced the earlier mackintosh.
The covert overcoat was very popular from the 1880s with the younger 'sporty' set; only a few inches longer than a jacket, it was cut straight with side vents, fly-front fastening closing high, top-stitched seams, flapped hip pockets and welted breast and ticket pocket; it might also be cut with raglan sleeves in the 1890s and was then called a raglan covert.
Nunn, Joan. Fashion in Costume, 1200-2000. 2nd edition. A & C Black (Publishers) Ltd; Chicago: New Amsterdam Books, 2000.
Last modified 2 December 2013


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- ARTINFO Offers news, listings for exhibitions, events, galleries and museums around the world, artist profiles and more. Searchable by names, keywords or geographically by country, city or province.
- Euromuse A public access portal providing information on major exhibitions in European museums. Updated by the host museum, the database is searchable by date, by topic or by country. Each museum's information is available in the native language and in English. Updating of euromuse.net is continuous.


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US drone kills 3 suspected militants in Pakistan
PESHAWAR, Pakistan — A U.S. drone fired a pair of missiles at a house in Pakistan's northwest tribal region near the Afghan border Thursday, killing three suspected militants, Pakistani intelligence officials said.
The strike hit Mubarak Shahi village in the North Waziristan tribal area, the main sanctuary for al-Qaida and Taliban militants in Pakistan, said the intelligence officials, speaking on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to talk to the media.
The exact identities of the suspected militants were unclear. The area is dominated by prominent local militant commander Hafiz Gul Bahadur, who has focused his fight against Afghan and foreign troops across the border in Afghanistan.
The U.S. rarely discusses the covert CIA drone program in Pakistan in public. But American officials have said privately that the strikes have killed many senior al-Qaida and Taliban commanders.
On Wednesday, a pair of suicide bombers rammed their truck filled with explosives into the gate of an army camp in another part of Pakistan's tribal region, killing three soldiers and wounding more than 20, intelligence officials said.
Many were wounded when the blast caused the roof of a military hospital at the camp to collapse, said the intelligence officials, speaking on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to talk to the media. Some of the soldiers were critically wounded, and officials warned the death toll could rise.
The attack occurred in Wana, the main town in the South Waziristan tribal area, which was the most important sanctuary for the Pakistani Taliban until the army launched a major ground offensive in 2009.
The army says it has made great progress in flushing the militants out of the area, but attacks still occur periodically.
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Live Webinar: Developing Java EE Apps for WebLogic 12c with IntelliJ IDEA, June 25th
Join us Wednesday, June 25th, 16:00 – 17:00 GMT (09:00 – 10:00 AM PDT) for our free live webinar, Developing Java EE Apps for WebLogic 12c with IntelliJ IDEA with Bruno Borges. In this webinar you will get an introduction to WebLogic 12c and learn how to develop Java EE 6 applications using IntelliJ IDEA. Application deployment will also be covered, including the … Continue reading
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Historical Sketch Colonial Period (1629-1686)
Historical Sketch Intercharter Period (1686-1692)
Historical Sketch Provincial Period (1692-1774)
Historical Sketch Provincial Congresses (1774-1775)
Historical Sketch Revolutionary Period (1775-1780)
Historical Sketch Early Statehood Period (1780-1799)
The Massachusetts Archives Collection (also known as the "Felt Collection"), which includes original records of the governor, Council, General Court, secretary, and treasurer, is an important source of records for early Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire. The Collection is unique in the quantity of seventeenth-century records it contains, and this richness continues throughout the eighteenth century, with voluminous amounts of Revolutionary era materials. Records pertaining to the ratification of the Massachusetts and federal constitutions, Shays' Rebellion, and the early statehood period are also found in the collection.
Topics covered by the collection range from international affairs to
local and individual concerns. Records reflect the activities of the governor
and General Court within the framework of the British empire, focusing
on Massachusetts's relations with London, other British colonies, the
French colonial government in Canada, and the Indian nations in New England
and New York. They document the prosecution of military actions and negotiations
for peace. Treasury records, census schedules, tax lists, judicial actions,
and legislative orders provide the opportunity to study the administrative
functions of the colonial/provincial government. Additionally, many volumes
trace the General Court's involvement with localities and individuals.
Documents range from tavern licenses, divorce petitions, and land grants
to records pertaining to the compensation for the loss of a horse or the
siting of a meeting house.
The collection also documents the lives of significant persons such as
John Winthrop, Increase Mather, Roger Williams, and Jonathan Edwards.
The volumes from the Revolutionary era are filled with references to the
major figures of that period, including Thomas Hutchinson, Thomas Gage,
George Washington, James Otis, John Adams, Samuel Adams, and John Hancock.
The records are bound into 328 numbered scrapbook volumes are arranged roughly by topic topic. The collection was originally organized in the 1830s by the Rev. Joseph Felt. The last third of the collection was added in the late nineteenth century using a similar scheme. Some of the volumes include material on a particular topic, while others, especially those dealing with the Revolutionary era, contain records with a similar format. It is important to note that materials on a particular subject may appear in any number of volumes. Most of the volumes have a table of contents and many have been indexed. Microfilm must be used for most of the volumes for research.
King Charles I of England granted a charter to the "Governor and
Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England" in 1629. The charter
took the form of a private trading company with twenty-six men named as
incorporators. The king recognized Massachusetts as a corporate body,
with the right to rule and administer the territory under its authority.
The charter set boundaries three miles north of the Merrimack River to
three miles south of the Charles River, and from the Atlantic on the east
to the south sea on the west. Using creative geography, Massachusetts
used these boundaries to lay claim to Maine, New Hampshire, and portions
of Connecticut and New York.
The charter provided a general administrative structure for the company,
but left many details vague. Four great and general courts, with the governor,
lieutenant governor, assistants, and freemen, were to be held annually.
These courts were responsible for admitting additional freemen, choosing
officers in an annual election, settling the necessary forms of government,
and making laws and ordinances for the good and welfare of the company,
provided they were not contrary to the laws of England. General Court
orders dating from the 1630s mandated careful record-keeping practices,
thus ensuring that the Massachusetts Bay colony would be carefully documented.
The first General Court was held on October 19, 1630, in Boston. By 1634,
the inevitable increase in population and the inconvenience of gathering
for a General Court from the outlying areas led to the election of representatives
or "deputies." The assistants, a small group of wealthy men
who controlled much of the government, and deputies met as a single legislative
assembly until 1644 when tensions between the two groups caused the General
Court to divide into two bodies, which met separately.
The Puritan settlers, who made up most of the company, faced many practical
difficulties as they sought to create a workable society while preserving
their religious beliefs. During the first years of the colony's existence,
the tension between the idealism of religious beliefs and the practical
needs of a small agricultural community tested the colonists' resolve.
These tensions led the General Court to exile leading members of the colony
who threatened the religious basis of the community. Many of the exiles
later settled in other areas in New England.
By 1684 Massachusetts government was based on the provisions of the charter,
various legal codifications, and a liberal interpretation of English common
law. The colonial charter was withdrawn in 1684, in part because Massachusetts
resisted the changes demanded by the developing British imperial system.
A strong sense of local entitlement and authority pervaded the colony
and led to repeated policy conflicts with Great Britain. Despite the revocation
of the charter, the Governor and General Court continued to govern Massachusetts
until May 1686, when a provisional government under Joseph Dudley was
The inter-charter years cover the period between the end of the old colonial
government in 1686, following the revocation of the colony charter in
1684, and the resumption of the Massachusetts government under the William
and Mary charter in 1692. Three different governments were in effect during
this period, but the documentary record covering the late seventeenth
century is not nearly as complete as that of the colonial period.
In May 1686, Joseph Dudley established a provisional government, covering
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, Plymouth, and the Narragansett Country.
The president and Council were royal appointees with the same functions
as the governor and assistants. The Massachusetts General Court ceased
to function, but the new government had no power to either enact laws
or collect taxes.
Sir Edmund Andros's arrived in Boston in December 1686 with a commission
to establish the Dominion of New England. The new royal province included
the same territory as under Dudley, with the addition of Connecticut and
Rhode Island. Andros governed with a council, consisting of royal appointees
from the various colonies. They had power to enact laws and collect taxes,
actions that were previously the responsibility of the colonial legislatures.
In 1688 New York and the Jerseys were also added to the Dominion. Andros'
policies, which were dictated by the British Lords of Trade in London,
proved unpopular. The lack of a popularly elected assembly, enforcement
of the Navigation Acts, questions regarding the validity of land titles,
and the disestablishment of the Puritan church all served to alienate
residents. Governor Andros was imprisoned and the government overthrown
on April 18, 1689, shortly after the news of the English Glorious Revolution
reached Boston.
An extralegal provisional government known as the Council for the Safety of the People and Conservation of the Peace was quickly established after the overthrow of the Dominion of New England and lasted until government under the old charter could be resumed. Returning to the form of government in effect in 1684, the new provisional government existed until 1692, when the charter for the new Province of the Massachusetts Bay was brought to Boston.
King William and Queen Mary signed a new charter on October 7, 1691.
The charter, inaugurated in Boston on May 14, 1692, officially enlarged
the territory governed by Massachusetts to include the old colony of Massachusetts
Bay, Plymouth Colony, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, Maine, and parts
of Nova Scotia. The new charter significantly altered many of the forms
of colonial government.
No longer an independent colony, the Province of the Massachusetts Bay was now woven more tightly into the British imperial structure. The powers of the governor, appointed by the king rather than elected, were greatly expanded. The governor had the right to veto acts of the General Court, as did the king. The governor was the commander-in-chief of the militia and appointed all military officials; he had the right to summon, adjourn, and prorogue the General Court.
The Council, the successor to the assistants, consisted of twenty-eight
men selected from the House of Representatives. They acted as the upper
body of the legislature and advisor to the governor. No money could be
issued from the treasury without a warrant from the governor and Council.
The lower body of the legislature, known as the House of Deputies under
the old charter, was now called the House of Representatives. Freeholders,
those men holding a certain amount of property, elected the House of Representatives
annually. The General Court appointed officers, passed laws and orders,
organized all courts, established fines and punishments, and levied taxes,
all with the consent of the governor. The House alone controlled the salaries
of the governor and judicial officers.
The William and Mary Charter was modified in 1725 by the Explanatory
Charter, issued by King George I. Further strengthening the position of
the governor, this charter gave the governor the sole power to adjourn
the House of Representatives and the right to negate the House's choice
of their speaker.
The charter was modified again in 1774, when the British Parliament passed the "Intolerable Acts" as a result of the Boston Tea Party. Later in the same year the final split between the royal governor, General Thomas Gage, and the House of Representatives resulted in the establishment of the first Provincial Congress.
Spurred by the 1774 "Intolerable Acts," which significantly
altered the 1692 charter, closed the Port of Boston, and allowed the quartering
of British troops in the town of Boston, the General Court resolved itself
into the first Provincial Congress on October 7, 1774, in Concord. Among
its early actions were resolves appointing Henry Gardner as receiver-general
for the province and establishing a plan for the defense and safety of
the province.
It also organized a Committee of Safety, which functioned primarily as
an executive for the Congress. Despite its provisional nature, the Provincial
Congress came to be seen as the legitimate government for all of Massachusetts
except the area around Boston that was still under British control. The
first Congress dissolved on December 10, 1774.
After new elections, the next Provincial Congress met at Cambridge on
February 1, 1775, and later at Concord and Watertown. It was dissolved
on May 29, 1775. A third newly elected Congress met at Watertown on May
31, 1775, and dissolved on July 19, 1775, on the same day that the new
state government was inaugurated.
On May 12, 1775, after the battles of Concord and Lexington and the subsequent gathering of the Continental Army around Boston, the Provincial Congress applied to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia to clarify the situation regarding a permanent government. Acting on that request, the Continental Congress resolved that Massachusetts was correct in recognizing that the positions of governor, lieutenant governor, and the Council were vacant. They recommended that the Massachusetts towns elect a new Assembly that would choose a Council from among its members. On July 19, 1775, this newly elected General Court "resumed" government under the old 1691 charter.
From July 19, 1775, until a new constitution was adopted in 1780, state
government was based on a modified version of the 1691 charter. Massachusetts
followed the advice of the Continental Congress in Philadelphia and created
a temporary government. Lacking a governor or lieutenant governor, the
Council or a standing committee sat continuously as the executive. When
the General Court was in session the Council continued to meet as the
upper house of the legislature. Although cumbersome, this form of government
worked well enough to provide the necessary time for the development of
a constitutional government.
Calls to change the provisional government began in 1776, with arguments
that the Revolutionary War had ended any validity of a government based
on a charter issued by the King of Great Britain. Questions about the
process of constitution making revolved around the composition of the
constitutional convention and the need for popular ratification.
On June 17, 1777, the General Court resolved itself into a constitutional
convention and early the next year the constitution establishing the State
of the Massachusetts Bay was submitted for popular ratification. It failed
by a five to one margin. Although votes in town meeting provided a variety
of explanations for dissatisfaction with the proposed constitution, chief
among them were the absence of a bill of rights, a constitutional convention
composed of the legislature instead of specially elected delegates, lack
of complete separation of governmental powers, and a restriction on the
religious background of office holders.
On February 19, 1779, the General Court again asked the towns to vote on the expediency of drafting a new constitution and the need to elect a special constitutional convention. The resulting constitutional convention convened on September 1, 1779, and met through June 1780. The government under the new Commonwealth of Massachusetts began on October 25, 1780.
There were no elected governors during the Revolutionary period.
According to the rules of the Council, the "eldest" councilor
present always acted as the president. Seniority was determined by the
length of service in the Council - not the age of the individual. The
Council was elected from the members of the House of Representatives at
the beginning of the legislative year in May, and the order of seniority
was determined at that point.
James Otis July 27 - September 12, 1775
William Sever September 21 - October 6, 1775
James Otis October 7 - October 16, 1775
James Bowdoin October 17 - October 19, 1775
James Otis October 20 - October 23, 1775
James Bowdoin October 24 - October 25, 1775
James Otis October 26 - November 16, 1775
Walter Spooner November 29 - December 5, 1775
William Sever December 6 - December 29, 1775
Walter Spooner December 30, 1775 - January 15, 1776
William Sever January 16 - February 12, 1776
Benjamin Greenleaf February 13 - February 23, 1776
William Sever March 14 - March 29, 1776
James Otis March 30 - April 30, 1776
James Bowdoin May 1 - May 3, 1776
James Otis May 4 - May 7, 1776
James Bowdoin May 8, 1776
James Otis May 9 - May 13, 1776
James Bowdoin May 30 - June 22, 1776
Jeremiah Powell June 24 - July 4, 1776
James Bowdoin July 5 - July 16, 1776
Various individuals
James Bowdoin August 16 - September 25, 1776
Walter Spooner September 26 - October 4, 1776
James Bowdoin October 9 - November 16, 1776
Jeremiah Powell November 18 - December 2, 1776
James Bowdoin December 3, 1776 - February 11, 1777
Jeremiah Powell February 12 - July 10, 1777
Artemas Ward July 11 - July 21, 1777
William Sever July 22 - August 1, 1777
Artemas Ward August 2 - August 13, 1777
Jeremiah Powell August 14, 1777 - June 1, 1778
Artemas Ward June 2 - June 8, 1778
Jeremiah Powell June 9, 1778 - June 7, 1779
Artemas Ward June 8 - June 10, 1779
Jeremiah Powell June 11 - October 16, 1779
Artemas Ward October 18 - October 23, 1779
William Sever October 25 - November 9, 1779
Artemas Ward November 10 - December 1, 1779
Jeremiah Powell December 2, 1779 - June 7, 1780
James Bowdoin June 8 - August 25, 1780
Jeremiah Powell August 28 - September 5, 1780
James Bowdoin September 6 - September 16, 1780
Jeremiah Powell September 18 - October 13, 1780
James Bowdoin October 14 - October 18, 1780
Jeremiah Powell October 19 - October 25, 1780
The new constitution establishing the Commonwealth of Massachusetts was
ratified on June 16, 1780, and the new government began on October 25.
The 1780 Constitution, framed by an elected constitutional convention
and ratified by a franchise unrestricted by property requirements, is
the oldest written constitution still being used for governance. It has
three parts: the Preamble, which discusses the nature of the document
and the idea of a social compact; theDeclaration of Rights, enumerating
the "natural" rights of individuals; and the Frame of Government.
Article XXX of the Declaration of Rights clearly establishes the separation
of powers within the executive, legislative, and judicial branches "to
the end it may be a government of laws and not of men." The Frame
of Government divides the legislative power between the House of Representatives
and the Senate, each with a negative vote over the other. The Senate consists
of forty members, to be chosen from electoral districts. Representatives
are elected by individual towns, with the number dependent on the population
of the town. With references linking back to both the 1629 and 1691 charters,
the legislature is still called the General Court. The executive power
in the Constitution resides in the governor and lieutenant governor. The
governor holds a qualified veto over the legislature. The Council, no
longer connected with the legislature, acts as an advisory body to the
governor. The General Court has the power to constitute all courts. Judges
are appointed by the governor and hold their positions for good behavior.
As time passed it became evident that modifications to the Constitution were needed; the lack of a specific amending procedure however prohibited any changes. The Constitution required that a referendum be held in 1795 to ask voters if they favored holding a constitutional convention. Although a majority of voters favored the convention, it did not receive the required two-thirds majority, and no changes were made. In 1820 the separation of the state of Maine and consequent shift in population finally provided the occasion to call a new constitutional convention.


text:
Resetting current directory in bat files when running as adminstrator
A batch file normally has its current directory set to the directory it resides in if executed from Explorer. However with Vista and Windows 7, the current directory is changed to the system directory when the "Run as Administrator" option is used. This creates a serious problem for many batch files.
Fortunately there is a simple solution. Add this line to the first line of your batch file:
cd %~dp0
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Public-private Co-funding Mechanisms
Published on
Year of Publication: 2016
CAAST-Net Plus Workshop for Early-career Energy and Technology Policy Researchers
This content was produced by *Research Africa for CAAST-Net Plus. To report an error, write to firstname.lastname@example.com. To learn more about us, go to www.researchresearch.com/africa.
Disclaimer: CAAST-Net Plus is funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n0 311806. This document reflects only the authors' views and the European Union cannot be held liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein.


text:
Green Key Real Estate
A version of this article appears in the November/December 2007 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
November 05, 2007
We all need somewhere to live, work, and play. Buildings are an integral part of our lives, so much so that the average American spends 90% of his or her time indoors. Unfortunately, however, buildings are responsible for consuming 70% of the nation's electricity, and according to EPA, indoor air quality (IAQ) is on average 5–10 times worse than outdoor air quality. If we think of home as a sanctuary, we also need to think about the ways in which our homes affect the environment and our health.
To read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an Online Subscription.
Once an order has been placed there is an automatic $10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation.
The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to email@example.com.


text:
Page 1
|1 of 10
This page
Discussion of "A Model of Errors and Irregularities as a General Framework for Risk-Based Audit Planning" Timothy B. Bell Director, Assurance Services, KPMG Peat Marwick Francis and Grimlund (henceforth F&G) develop a simple taxonomy of financial statement transactions and evaluate classes of transactions in terms of their susceptibility to error, misappropriation, and fraudulent misrepresentation. The paper provides insightful discussions about the ways errors and irregularities can happen and "what to audit and why." I begin my discussion by providing a brief summary of the risk-based audit planning model presented in the paper. I then compare the F&G model to the approach outlined in Houghton and Fogarty [1991] and attempt to reconcile any apparent differences between these two approaches. Remaining remarks focus on what I believe are key audit planning issues not discussed in the paper, and current trends within the auditing profession that indicate a movement away from a transactions orientation for audit planning and toward a more holistic business orientation. The F&G Risk-Based Audit Planning Model In order to better understand the susceptibility of "accounting populations" to errors and irregularities, F&G subdivide transactions into distinct groups based on the timing of the recording of the underlying economic events, and the circumstances that trigger the recording of transactions. An accounting transaction is categorized by F&G as "incomplete" if, at the end of the accounting period, an account balance related to the transaction will remain on the books, and one can reasonably expect at least one additional accounting transaction will be recorded in any future accounting period related to the same underlying event.1 All other accounting transactions are defined as "completed." For example, a credit sale (purchase) is an incomplete transaction prior to collection (payment) of the related receivable (payable). The transaction is completed when cash is collected or paid. F&G's audit planning model is based, in part, on the assumption that incomplete and completed transactions have different propensities for errors and irregularities. The recording of accounting transactions is sometimes — but not always — triggered by the occurrence of external events. F&G subdivide completed and incomplete transactions based on the triggering event — external event was, or was not, the trigger. The F&G audit planning model is also based on the assumption that transactions for which recording is triggered by external events have different propensities for errors and irregularities than those for which recording is not triggered by external events. Table 1 summarizes the audit planning implications that fall out of their analysis of propensity for errors and irregularities for each of these classes of transactions. According to F&G, externally-triggered completed transactions have a low risk of random error or fraud because of the confluence of the control systems of all involved parties over the recording process. F&G suggest that completed transactions for which recording is not triggered by external events should be tested for asset misappropriation and random error because they are not subjected to the same degree of control. However, they suggest the risk of fraudulent account balance manipulations is very low in all completed transactions because they would normally be detected by routine testing of the ending cash balance. Finally, F&G suggest that all incomplete transactions should be tested for random errors and fraud, but not for asset misappropriation with concealment, F&G define "incomplete" transactions as "those economic exchanges that remain incomplete at the end of the fiscal period." This is my attempt to make the definition more precise. 155
Object Description
Discussion of "A Model of errors and irregularities as a general framework for risk-based audit planning"
Bell, Timothy B.
Ettredge, Michael L., ed.
Risk assessment -- United States -- Auditing
Auditing Symposium XIII: Proceedings of the 1996 Deloitte & Touche/University of Kansas Symposium on Auditing Problems, pp. 155-164
|Published by: University of Kansas, School of Business
|Contents have not been copyrighted
|PDF page image with corrected OCR scanned at 400 dpi
|Deloitte Digital Collection
|Digital Publisher
|University of Mississippi Library. Accounting Collection
|Date-Digitally Created
|symposium 13-p155-164


text:
Work has begun to clear up the area after the wall of a disused subway collapsed at Wigan North Western station.
Network Rail have confirmed that the safety assessment has been completed and work has begun to clean up the rubble which fell from the wall earlier this morning.
Queen Street will remain closed for the foreseeable future and drivers are reminded to avoid the area. Traffic remains heavy on all routes into the town centre.
A diversion is in place from the Saddle Junction on to the A49 Warrington Road and into the town centre on the B5238 Poolstock Lane.
Buses into the town centre are still experiencing delays but all train services from Wigan North Western have returned to normal.
A Wigan Council spokesman said: "The road closure along Queen Street will remain in place until further notice.
"The safety cordon has though been reduced to allow pedestrians to walk under the railway bridge on Wallgate but delays remain for buses which have been diverted. Motorists are advised to continue to follow the diversions and closures."
As well as the Queen Street closure, vehicles are being stopped from turning right from Caroline Street onto Wallgate.
Passengers were asked to vacate the station this morning after part of the subway crashed down onto parked cars.
A pile of bricks could be seen underneath a railway arch and a train was stranded on the platform while Network Rail engineers assessed the situation.
Part of a disused subway which runs underneath the railway and above the road - which has been long been blocked off and filled in – has collapsed.Network Rail spokesman
A spokesman for Network Rail said: "Part of a disused subway which runs underneath the railway and above the road - which has been long been blocked off and filled in – has collapsed.
"We are clearing the area and making it safe while we plan for the long-term repairs to the damaged wall. These will be carried out as soon as possible. We apologise for any disruption caused in the surrounding area."
Structural engineers have been at the scene for most of the day assessing the safety of the affected area.
A police spokesman said: "Shortly before 8.40am officers were called to Wallgate to reports of a collapsed archway. A section of wall had collapsed onto parked cars nearby."
No-one was reported to be injured but the incident caused travel problems across the North West.
The delays affected the Northern route between Liverpool Lime Street and Wigan North Western/Preston; TransPennine Express between Manchester Airport and Glasgow Central/Edinburgh; and Virgin trains between London Euston/Birmingham New Street and Glasgow Central/Edinburgh.


text:
7 games where the bad guys actually win
Top 7 Those times when evil triumphs over good and our heroes watch their worlds burn
Let's keep it good and simple: Modern Warfare 2 is this year's must-buy first-person shooter.
Top 7 Those times when evil triumphs over good and our heroes watch their worlds burn
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If they win, Activision's cast-offs could acquire the right to produce new Modern Warfare games... but is that even a good thing?
Developer continues to combat security and stability issues


text:
Lisa Jackson eBooks
Lisa Jackson can't keep away from murderers, especially serial killers. She's been helping to kill people everywhere from Savannah and New Orleans to San Francisco and the Pacific Northwest—and it's been worth it as her readers come back again and again, and her novels are fixtures on bestseller lists.
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text:
Music Releases
Soon-to-be singer Gouriki Ayame's artist photo revealed
The artist photo for soon-to-be singer and�actress Gouriki Ayame has been revealed!
Last fall, Gouriki received dance lessons from Sheryl Murakami, who's known for working with�Beyonce and Lady Gaga. Sheryl commented, "Gouriki is a lump of talent who can complete the triple measure. She knows how to act, dance, and sing. She's also super cute! Be prepared because she will attack from all directions."
Gouriki's debut song will be released under Sony Music Record's rock label 'gr8!records'. More details will be announced at a later date, so stay tuned!
Source & Image: Oricon
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Tycho/Release Notes/0.17
< Tycho | Release Notes
Revision as of 08:46, 20 February 2013 by T-oberlies.posteo.de (Talk | contribs) (392652 document multiple target files option)
Tycho 0.17.0 is currently in development. This page shows a preview of features which will be available in the 0.17.0 milestone.
List of bug fixes and enhancements in 0.17.0
SNAPSHOT builds
To try the most recent snapshot build of 0.17.0, simply add the following snippet to your (parent) pom.xml, and set the property for the Tycho version (e.g. tycho-version) to 0.17.0-SNAPSHOT.
<pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>tycho-snapshots</id> <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/</url> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories>
New and Noteworthy
- (INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE) default execution environment has been fixed to J2SE-1.5, see Tycho/Execution Environments
- (INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE) Runtime of tycho-eclipserun-plugin is now resolved from explicitly configured p2 repositorie(s) only (see bug 395281 for details and migration guide)
- Source feature generation usability has been improved:
- (BEHAVIORAL CHANGE) no longer rely on existence of magic folder sourceTemplateFeature/ when determining whether to generate a source feature
- Label, description, branding plugin and other attributes are now taken over from the original feature by default. See bugs 374349, 375165 and 378424 for details. It's recommended to rely on feature.properties to set name and other text values in the original feature; then you can easily customize/override the generated source feature values by creating a sourceTemplateFeature/feature.properties file if required
- The mirror goal of tycho-p2-extras-plugin now allows to skip downloading pack200 artifacts as well as selecting IUs to mirror using the p2 query language. See Tycho/Additional Tools
- The tycho-compiler-plugin has a new compilerArgs parameter that allows to specify arbitrary compiler argument (see bug 400307)
- It is now possible to specify multiple target files in target-platform-configuration. Note that these target files are resolved separately, i.e. they each need to resolve successfully when opened with the target editor in Eclipse. Also note that it is not possible to activate multiple target files in the Eclipse PDE (see bug 392652).
- The compilation bootclasspath can now be customized in toolchains.xml when using useJDK=BREE (bug 389856).
- p2 repository and proxy authentication now works with maven-encrypted passwords (bug 386910 and bug 394023)
- Root files: root.permissions now supports ant-style file wildcards (bug 361204)
- JDT compiler configuration errors now fail the build (bug 385613)


text: Barn Owl 2 larger image 'Barn Owl 2' £2.50 Please Choose: Format Greeting Card Qty: Description 14 cm x 14 cm (5.5" x 5.5") from an original watercolour painting. Full colour printed greeting card, hinge left, blank inside. Supplied with envelope and comes sealed inside a cellophane bag. Please note: the title on the reverse of this card is 'Barney Owl'. Free UK delivery. Fine art prints of this artwork are also available for sale. You may find inspiration from this artwork for a commissioned original watercolour painting, please contact Kerry Bennett for a quotation. Product 4/32 Prev All Next


text:
Tanya Gin needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 20 designs submitted by 10 freelance designers.
Logo should look good on an repair tech's uniform
Desired Color Scheme:
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Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Quest for Blackbeard
Baylus_Brooks posted a topic in Captain TwillThe printers for Quest for Blackbeard are offering a 25% discount on print versions till Christmas plus whatever the revolving weekly discounts are, as listed on their home page http://www.lulu.com/home. Quest is available also in ebook/Kindle format and is the most updated version. Go to http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/bcbrooks to order. This is quite a savings! Author site: http://baylusbrooks.com #blackbeard #pirates #history #maritime


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Fin choice and overpowered upwind issues
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Joined: 08 Jan 2012
Posts: 665
Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2013 1:42 pm
Post subject: Fin choice and overpowered upwind issues
Here is the weird thing: I ordered a race fin but I've got a Liquid Pro by a dealer mistake and I cant decide to keep it or return it.
Now the background of the story: I have a hard time going upwind when overpowered on my JP SS 79. Sheeting in usually results in launching uncontrollably downwind and sheeting out in stalling the board. What I usually do is starting big and if the wind increases I tune the sail until its maxed out. With the huge wind range of the today's 7 batten sails and espatialy with switching to the lower clew I rarely have to downsize . Since I don't change the fin / the original cheapo JP Race 50cm/ I blame my unsatisfactory upwind performance on it for being to big and draggy for the conditions . I'm not saying I can't go upwind at all, I do but not as much as I would like to. Guys with smaller sails and boards go better upwind at this point.
Back to the Liquid Pro 50cm. Do you think it could be an acceptable compromise between two sizes race fins and won't need to switch to a smaller or bigger fin ? In wich case ill be happy to keep it/ the price is the same /.
And do you think the fin is the reason for my overpowered upwind issues in the first place?
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Joined: 03 Jul 2009
Posts: 4632
Location: East Bay
Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2013 2:44 pm
Post subject:
Looks like stock fin goes upwind better. Acc fin is smoother, more rangy, jibes better.
Your clue...small boards and smaller sails go upwind better. ...with other sailors as the pilot.
You need to work on your compromise, not too sheeted in, not too sheeted out.
Since you didn't mention windspeed, we have no clue as to the wind conditions.
If you're not planing, SLOG upwind. It is the only way.
If you are planing, load the harness lines, unload the front foot, load the rear strap slightly, lean forwards, rail up the windward rail, and enjoy the ride upwind.
You sound like a novice on his first short board. refusing to see what other's are doing to get upwind, and trying to reinvent the sport.
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Joined: 08 Jan 2012
Posts: 665
Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2013 3:11 pm
Post subject:
Ok, here is an example. Two days ago I was with a 8.5 cambered sail in a 18 to 25 mph wind. I didn't anticipate it picking this much up and didn't bring anything smaller with me. It started getting quite choppy and with the sail maxed out I was pretty rough and resulting in some blown gybes and even tacks. A local guy came with a 7.5 and 120 FSW and was able to go upwind to a spot with a lot flatter water while I was just hanging there going on reach in the heavy chop. It was fun anyway but the puzzle annoys me.
Well I actually was going upwind some because the launch is a very tight spot and if I get blown too much downwind ill have to walk for hours. I just couldn't go as high upwind as the guy with the smaller gear - it would have taken too much time and effort.
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Joined: 03 Jul 2009
Posts: 4632
Location: East Bay
Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2013 4:11 pm
Post subject:
Read my paragraph on upwind again. That is how you do it.
Formula guys use that technique also, and they're riding 10 meter sails sometimes in Berkeley's "18-25mph" winds.
You do know you have to slow down to go upwind, right? Like, broad reaching boatspeeds around 27, across the wind boatspeeds around 25, and upwind boatspeeds 17.
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Joined: 24 Jun 2008
Posts: 2277
Location: Connecticut, USA
Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2013 4:17 pm
Post subject:
Unless you are properly tuned, an 8.5 anything is likely to be a handful above 20 knots, more so with chop. The following assumes you are fairly balanced and comfortable at 18 knots.
If sheeting in shoots you downwind when really powered up, it's likely your settings are wrong for the fin. I suspect you could move your mast base back and raise your booms a tad and keep the same fin, but your balance points will be closer together because your fin suddenly powers up and pushes the nose down while your rearward settings will lift the nose. A bit of balancing on the head of a pin, but it can be fast.
I don't wish to criticize the stock fin, but dropping coin on a serious racing fin will do wonders for your balance and comfort. The foils on these fins are far more precise and thus give power in a predictable way. They power up evenly and handle chop way better than stock. I'm not suggesting getting a small FW fin, but a large slalom race fin? 50cm is about right for your board. You might want to contact Micah Buzianis @ Maui Sails -he should be familiar with the exact fins for this board and probably has a stash he will unload for reasonable money.
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Joined: 28 May 2004
Posts: 1254
Location: Bonita Springs, Florida
Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2013 4:41 pm
Post subject:
"Riding the fin" upwind is one of the toughest things to do well on a shortboard. Very dependent on tuning, technique, and practice.
Dan has a good point that you might simply be too overpowered to sail normally.
Here's a couple other things you might try, if you haven't already...
*Make sure your harness lines are far enough back that they automatically sheet the sail in fully when you're in the footstraps and hooked in. You should almost never have to sheet in with your back hand when you're in the harness.
*In an overpowering gust you can stay sheeted in by pushing the boom away from you with your front hand while remaining hooked into the harness.
*Harness lines close together will help the sail respond to gusts, although with 7.5 and larger sails you may want them about a hand's width apart rather than right next to each other.
*Long enough harness lines that you're not getting pulled off balance- especially if you're using a seat harness.
*Footstraps may not be far enough outboard and tight enough to give proper leverage.
*May have too much outhaul but not enough downhaul, which will make the sail "twitchy."
*Mast base may be too far forward. Try middle of track or further back.
In terms of the fin, normally if you wanted more control you would go smaller and if you wanted more upwind you would go bigger... It's hard to get both. But one thing that might fix both your problems would be to try a fin that is a bit shorter and stiffer (for more control) but also has a thicker foil (for more upwind power and grip). True Ames makes one called the "sweeper" that would fit the bill. Maybe the 45 cm size. I don't think the Liquid Pro is going to feel very different from the stock fin.
PS- What make and model of sail are you using? Skinny or standard mast?
James' Blog: Windsurfing Equipment Size Calculator
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Joined: 08 Jan 2012
Posts: 665
Posted: Thu Jun 20, 2013 5:15 pm
Post subject:
Hm, i do everything you've suggested so far, except that I didn't put the mast foot on 1/3 in the mast track but on 3/4 wich I didn't like and then on 1/2. I was afraid that it will get too bouncy on 1/3 and I was barely in controll already . So probably I'm with the wrong kit in the wrong conditions, heavy chop espatialy. This doesn't happen on flat water -like in samall lake. It happens only in the freaking Lake Michigan.
Still I'm inclined at least to try the Lyquid Pro first, because I still think that the original is too thick and slows the board down when every kn counts for staying on the plane or not. I hope this weekends forecast stays when 10-20mph wind will be perfect for this kit.
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Joined: 08 Nov 1993
Posts: 9519
Posted: Fri Jun 21, 2013 2:24 am
Post subject:
Just curious. You originally said that you ordered a MFC racing fin. Which one did you want? The KP-RC or the RC2? Either one of these models will give you better upwind drive than the Liquid Pro.
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Joined: 08 Jan 2012
Posts: 665
Posted: Fri Jun 21, 2013 12:38 pm
Post subject:
swchandler wrote:
Just curious. You originally said that you ordered a MFC racing fin. Which one did you want? The KP-RC or the RC2? Either one of these models will give you better upwind drive than the Liquid Pro.
The KP-RC. And which one do you think will be faster /less drag/ and more agile / easier changing direction without slowing down too much - like to be able to exit the gybe still planing/ ? And do you think the LP may spin out too much? Ill be able to put it to the test no earlier then Sunday.
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Joined: 28 May 2004
Posts: 1254
Location: Bonita Springs, Florida
Posted: Fri Jun 21, 2013 1:59 pm
Post subject:
adywind wrote:
Hm, i do everything you've suggested so far, except that I didn't put the mast foot on 1/3 in the mast track but on 3/4 wich I didn't like and then on 1/2. I was afraid that it will get too bouncy on 1/3 and I was barely in controll already.
Hmm. There's different kinds of out of control, and I don't think mast track forward is always the cure. In fact, if I'm bouncing hard in the chop when riding a wide board, I often find that moving the mast track *back* greatly improves control. It allows the nose to ride higher so the board "hovers over" the chop instead of whacking into it. Less surface area of the board in contact with the water can also make it faster.
As far as I understand, mast track back only becomes a control problem when you can no longer maintain enough mast base pressure to keep the nose from "tailwalking" like this guy...
You should try mast track way back and see what happens.
James' Blog: Windsurfing Equipment Size Calculator
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Playground & customisation
Playground & customisation
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Custom Features
The ability to customize an Arctic Spa is one of the best features of the brand. Choose exactly what you want and need.


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1954 Oldsmobile Holiday 88 Custom Roadster- Tradition & Subtraction
If you're any kind of fan of Gene Winfield and the style of customs he developed-a look that inspired many customizers who followed-you may recognize that style in Robert Bennett's '54 Oldsmobile.
Robert says that he was one of those many customizers influenced by Winfield's smooth and clean body mods. When he began making plans for his own project, he knew he wanted to build "a fun, late-Fifties traditional custom" that would be "fast, loud, and dependable."
Robert is a GM guy, but he didn't want anything earlier than 1954 because he liked the longer-looking lines of the later models. And he didn't want a '55-57 Chevy because he'd seen plenty already. The search didn't take long or lead too far. A friend's dad had purchased this completely stock, but really rough, '54 Oldsmobile Holiday 88 hardtop, which had previously been sitting forgotten for decades. After extracting the engine, transmission, rearend, and steeringwheel, the man had no further need for the car-but Robert did.
Although the complete build took 10 years, Robert wasted no time getting started on the Olds, driving and showing it in the meantime. He said the car evolved though three phases during that decade. The first stage saw the top removed as the hardtop made its transformation toward becoming a roadster, some trim stripped, and the headlights frenched. During the second stage, the cowl area was smoothed and filled, the basecoat was sprayed, and the car picked up a few dings and even some bullet holes. It went back into the shop for the third stage, where the interior was finished and fresh paint and clear were added.
During those years, Robert was constantly on the lookout for the pieces he needed to build the car. He found them the hard way, spending years hitting swap meets from San Diego to Sacramento. It wasn't always quick or convenient (the steering wheel and the horn ring were two years apart), but it fits his traditional philosophy: "If all you do is open a catalog, you're not really customizing."
He also got a lot of items, and a lot of information, from Fusick Automotive Products in East Windsor, Connecticut, which specializes in OEM parts for muscle car-era and earlier Oldsmobiles. And he got encouragement from his fellow members of the Lifters car club as well as the Illegales car club.
When he was ready to recover the interior, Robert insisted on "real" tuck 'n' roll-the kind you could only get in Tijuana back in the day. But a trip south of the border revealed that the old shops were gone; however, he was able to locate a retired Mexican upholsterer in his own area who was willing to do the job. To do it any other way just wouldn't have been right. That uncompromising approach was applied to every corner of the Oldsmobile. "If I couldn't get it done, or they didn't do it, I found a guy who could do it," Robert said.
Probably the most amazing part of this custom is the part that isn't there. It took some serious ambition to want to turn a Holiday 88 hardtop into a genuine roadster, and some serious skills to pull it off this well. Robert performed the preliminary surgery on the top, and professional builder Jeff Dodge did the windshield chop and handled the sheetmetal work to complete the transition.
Since it's been done, Robert has continued to drive the Olds as much as he did when it was in progress-and participates in a lot of car shows, providing spectators with a look at a remarkable custom that carries on the traditional tradition.
Robert BennettSan Diego, California1954 Oldsmobile Holiday 88 Custom Roadster
Owner contact info: firstname.lastname@example.com
ChassisGM muscled up the Oldsmobile frames for 1954, and Robert found out that hardtops had the same beefy X-member and 'rails as convertibles, which worked to his advantage when he removed the top, since the job didn't require a bunch of mods to the stock frame. Billy Rounds at National Spring shop in Santee, California, cut a coil from the front springs, and flattened all five rear leafs and reversed the eyes on the main leafs for a mild drop. The stock knee-action shocks were rebuilt at Five Points Classic Auto Shocks in Santa Ana, which specializes in old-style shock absorbers. Firestone airbags and Monroe shocks were added at the rear. The '68 Cougar 9-inch holds 3.00:1 gears. Stock 11-inch drum brakes are retained all around, using a '92 Trans Am pedal assembly.
DrivetrainThe 350 Chevy small-block was built by "Builder Joe," who has a small shop in Lakeside, California, and has put together all of Robert's engines in the past. Offenhauser finned valve covers top the heads, and a painted and pinstriped Olds-style batwing air cleaner tops the Edelbrock 650-cfm carburetor and manifold. Rick at La Mesa Muffler built the straight lakes pipes, running directly from a pair of Hooker headers (no cutouts here). "Animal," a local transmission builder (who has since passed away), assembled the column-shifted Turbo 350 automatic with a shift kit. The driveshaft is from San Diego Driveline.
Wide whites are essential to the look of a late-Fifties custom; these are G78-15 Cokers on painted stock rims. The Stardust Moon discs were chosen because they complement the rounded lines of the body, and the concentric circle pattern resembles the stock Olds spinner wheel covers.
InteriorIn the early custom days, Southern California enthusiasts took their cars to Tijuana for custom upholstery. Jose Santana, a retired TJ upholsterer now living in San Diego, agreed to stitch some old-style 2-inch tuck 'n' roll into white marine vinyl with aqua green inserts, covering those stock seats and inner panels. The steering wheel, column, and steel dash are also stock. Since these photos were taken, the original gauges were rebuilt to function and the underdash gauges were removed. There's no sense in having a stereo in an open car with open pipes-and no sense having A/C in an open car with San Diego's perfect weather.


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Information Security
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iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
Remote computer access to files and systems must secure
Organizations are overhauling strategies to meet the challenges of the mobile workforce. Companies need to be strategic when evaluating the best secure remote computer access technology they deploy.
| Organizations are overhauling strategies to meet the challenges of the mobile workforce.
From accommodating mergers to expanding application breadth, many companies are finding it necessary to revamp strategies that no longer meet their needs. Simply connecting travelers to the corporate network is no longer sufficient, or even acceptable. New products and approaches have emerged to reduce risks and fill gaps, from browser-based and mobile VPNs to endpoint security and identity-based network access control (NAC).
From a technology standpoint, businesses can deliver the appropriate degree of resource access to anyone, anywhere, using any device and connection. But from a strategic perspective, how do companies determine which new approach can best address their objectives?
For Norwich University in Vermont, it was an evolutionary process. The university tried half a dozen platforms to deliver remote access to 800 faculty members and 2,000 students. "Our security challenges are great, for we are required to provide various levels of support and application access," says Richard Quelch, network manager at Norwich. "While each product [we tried] provides great connectivity for specific application types, no single product does everything well."
Ultimately, Norwich combined several products. Sonic-WALL's Aventail, Citrix Systems' NetScaler and Cisco Sys-tems' ASA appliances now provide remote access; endpoints are scanned before access and then monitored by Cisco MARS. "I think we're finally where we want to be," says Quelch. "It's a huge relief that we can put restrictions on what [users] connect to and keep a record of their activity. We're providing better access, getting more applications out to people, while keeping them more secure."
Norwich's evolutionary path is common among large organizations with diverse populations. While early remote access solutions like modem pools and IPsec VPNs worked for homogenous communities of modest size, most organizations eventually ran into scalability, usability and cost barriers.
"Originally we had dial-up servers, but that only allowed access by employees, not students," says Quelch. "We then added a Cisco VPN for administrators to manage systems remotely. When things were small, support was fine."
Norwich ran into trouble when expanding this IPsec VPN to staff that needed database access and rural faculty connected by satellite Internet. "That became cumbersome and difficult to support. The VPN client didn't interact well with Active Directory, login scripts, printers and mapped drives. For users with satellite connections, there was too much lag and VPN connections dropped," says Quelch.
To overcome these problems, Norwich deployed an Aventail SSL VPN. "That was great, because all we had to give users was a URL, login and password," explains Quelch. By eliminating client installation, the university could force all remote users onto an encrypted Internet tunnel with Active Directory authentication. "The SSL VPN let us offer more external connectivity to resources like shared drives. There were options like [scanning for] virus protection."
But new technologies tend to address IT pain by making simple assumptions, thereby imposing other limitations. For example, as SSL VPN usage grew, so did administrative costs. "We tried all three types of Aventail access," says Quelch. "The installed client required admin rights. The download-on-demand client sometimes got corrupted. The ordinary SSL session was limited to GUI applications only."
As the university expanded its Web presence, it deployed Citrix NetScaler, which allowed it to provide secure Web portal access to non-Web legacy applications by opening just two ports. However, while portals could present GUI applications to offsite users, they could not deliver client/ server access to applications like Oracle databases.
As companies deploy wireless LANs and embed identity-based access controls into their networks, the dividing line between "local" and "remote" grows thin. Local users are no longer continuously connected or trusted, while remote users no longer stick to one company device. When the same user moves from inside to outside and back in a single day, a common strategy becomes necessary.
This is why Norwich recently decided to leverage the Cisco NAC it implemented for on-site LAN security by rolling out a new Cisco ASA (Adaptive Security Appliance). The ASA offers firewall, IPS and IPsec/SSL VPN services on a single appliance that integrates with Cisco's NAC agent. Norwich plans to move users whose needs are not satisfied by Aventail or NetScaler to an ASA-based VPN, using NAC to mitigate the higher risk associated with IPsec VPN tunnels.
"Those who connect to Oracle, administer systems or use mapped drives need [the ASA]," explains Quelch. "Those who just do email or manage a Web page can be more easily supported through NetScaler or [Aventail] SSL VPN." While nearly 3,000 employees and students connect through NetScaler or Aventail, just 50 are expected to require the ASA.
"We can't control the machine that people are coming from, but [with Cisco NAC] we can disable their access automatically. We can also enforce patches on Windows 2000/XP/Vista," says Quelch. But Cisco NAC constraints necessitate an incremental approach. "Since there is no Cisco agent for Linux, we're just using Web authentication there. And NAC can't keep up-to-date with every kind of virus protection, so we had to narrow our list to four [AV] programs," says Quelch.
No matter how users connect to the Norwich network, Cisco MARS monitors activities. "That was the missing piece--keeping track of who was connected to what. Now we can log security issues and be notified of attacks. If someone looks at illegal material, we can go back to see exactly what they did," says Quelch.
Like Norwich, the government of Hamilton County in Indiana overhauled its remote access system to deal more efficiently and effectively with growth and expansion. However, Hamilton felt the pinch of its legacy IPsec VPN in different ways--beginning with mobility.
"It started with the sheriff's office," says Jeremy Hunt, one of four administrators responsible for Hamilton County's network. "Officers needed more information in the car to make better decisions. Knowing that we were going to need access to a new system in the sheriff's office, we looked for a solution that could provide better access for everyone."
Today, Hamilton County uses NetMotion Wireless to support mobile device access by not only the sheriff's office, but also police, firefighters, health inspectors, prosecutors and building inspectors. This mobile VPN was deployed about two years ago and has already expanded beyond the target population. "We're licensed for 200 clients and we're pushing that limit. Before, we didn't have a solution for many people due to cost, but now we can support more users, giving them access to different systems," says Hunt.
Originally, mobile sheriff's units used Verizon Wireless AirCards to reach the office via frame relay backhaul. "It wasn't an easy setup and we had to rely on users having some knowledge. It only worked for one application. It left those Verizon Wireless connections open to the Internet, which was a security concern. And clients had to have static IPs, which became a configuration nightmare," says Hunt.
Other county offices started with more traditional remote access. "Initially we used dial-up to get into one of our mainframes," says network administrator Mike Carter. "We also supported vendors and attorneys using analog modems. Eventually we moved to other platforms, ending up on a Cisco 3005 [IPsec] VPN."
The county issued RSA SecurID tokens for authentication. "That got to be cost-prohibitive as more people wanted access," says network administrator Chris Kuner. The token-based VPN client approach also became a big support concern. "We had to help users on a weekly basis, talking them through installation. It was a hassle for users, who had to connect to the Internet, then fire up the VPN client. And if they didn't secure [their laptop], who knows what they brought into our network."
| Improving Transparency
The county's NetMotion server was installed in one day. Domain authentication is now used instead of tokens, and administrators say users find the client very transparent.
"It's like logging in from your desk, whether you're [connected to] a home network or hotspot," says Kuner. "NetMotion chooses the fastest connection. When you unplug and go into the field, you don't have to close your application or restart NetMotion. You can close your laptop, go home for the weekend, and on Monday [when you log in to your laptop], your connections will still be there."
According to Hunt, session persistence has been a significant improvement. Whether connectivity is lost due to laptop suspension or network change, mobile VPNs work to avoid tunnel disconnection and the resulting user disruption. "We do have some dead spots where cars lose signal. NetMotion continues that application without interruption, whereas the VPN client would have dropped the tunnel and the user would have had to restart their VPN, their applications--everything."
After deployment, the county started thinking of new ways to use the mobile VPN. "For example, food inspectors can go to a facility, complete their inspection, type up a report right there at the facility, and print the report while still on-site," says Carter.
Initially, NetMotion users ran into problems in public networks that required Web login. The county created profiles to circumvent those issues and purchased NetMotion's Mobility XE Policy Management Module for more granular access control. "Rather than letting VPN clients have open access to our network, we can now give different groups access to different systems," says Hunt.
Hamilton still uses its old Cisco 3005, but repurposed that VPN to focus on vendor/administrator access and site-to-site tunnels. Attorneys were shifted onto a provider-hosted Web portal called Doxpop. "That's gotten us out of the loop, so we don't have to support lawyers," says Carter.
The county is now planning its next steps, including redundancy and virtual servers to facilitate disaster recovery. Although work remains, the team is pleased with its new strategy. "We've gotten more positive feedback on this [migration] than anything else we've done," says Carter. "We've even had old VPN users turn in their tokens and ask to be switched to NetMotion."
For Intermatic, a global manufacturer of energy control products, a combination of mergers, acquisitions and business expansion drove the company to update its remote access systems.
"We've been undergoing a massive transition, including new product development and en-trance to international markets. Sites that we acquired either had existing infrastructure or we had to build out new infrastructure," says Pete Revel, Intermatic senior project and technology manager. "The biggest challenge was collaboration and finding local integrators. We had to get away from traditional remote access--using firewalls to establish B2B and B2E tunnels--because we were too limited in terms of performance and who we could give access to."
To centralize control and respond more rapidly to workforce needs, Spring Grove, Ill.-based Intermatic this year migrated from a modem pool and a Cisco 3005 VPN to a Juniper SA4000 SSL VPN. "We have about 1,000 workers that will eventually have access to it," says Revel. "Right now we have about 250 users."
The SA4000 has become Intermatic's primary remote access method. "You just host the appliance, integrate critical business applications on the back end, and they're served up to the world," says Revel. "Now, we can just create an account for new users, point them to the right page, and they're in. We can literally have someone functioning within an hour if we've already done the integration for the applications they need."
Application integration turns out to be the piece that makes or breaks the deal when it comes to enabling access through an SSL VPN. SSL VPN appliances have evolved to where many now provide clientless and client-based access that can support a variety of applications, devices and users.
Intermatic chose the SA4000 because it can use dynamically downloaded Juniper Security Application Management (SAM) code to redirect application traffic through the SSL tunnel. Linux or MacOS clients use the Java SAM, while Windows clients use JSAM or the Windows ActiveX SAM.
"SAM provides a universal client to integrate with our back-end systems--for example, AS400 applications with 5350 terminal emulation," explains Revel. "SAM gives users a lightweight version of the back-end application. I would have liked to see SAM be a little more robust, but it still gives us a lot without having to install a VPN client. If you can point new users to a lightweight client, your success rate is going to be a lot higher."
Intermatic employees anywhere in the world can log in to the SA4000, authenticate through Active Directory and browse mainframe applications, invoked from a dashboard customized to each user. Before each connection is accepted, Juniper's Host Checker is launched and inspects the user's device for antivirus, the latest patches and other security protections.
In addition to SAM, Intermatic uses a handful of alternative remote access methods. The Juniper Network Connect client is used when legacy client-side applications like IBM iSeries require network layer tunnels. Juniper Secure Meeting is used to share desktops when collaborating with business partners that don't have VPN access.
Intermatic is a Juniper shop, but also uses F5 Networks' FirePass SSL VPN appliance to access Agile Software's Prod-uct Lifecycle Management application (Oracle bought Agile this year). "The F5 wraps native HTTP in SSL to present Agile to the world through a secure Web site," says Revel. Users can interact with Agile through a Web interface or download a Java Agile client.
Intermatic, Norwich and Hamilton County all started with the same legacy platforms, but made different choices when revamping remote access. Workforce, application, business goals and vendor preference affected those decisions. However, there are some common aspects to their choices.
None ended up with a single remote access solution. All combined platforms to satisfy diverse applications, users and devices. All tried to reduce complexity, whether to contain costs, cut administration or simplify user experience. And all tightened security through granular filters and/or endpoint scans--in two cases, by leveraging NAC.
In the future, remote access will be affected by advances like IP telephony, data/voice convergence and 4G wireless. With broader NAC adoption, the network perimeter will continue to fade, turning everyone into a "remote" user. Keeping pace with these changes will require further evolution. As these companies found, perhaps the best remote access strategy is one that doesn't hold you back and grows along with you.
Related Resources
- Windows 2012 Server Network Security –ComputerWeekly.com
- The Definitive Guide to Secure Remote Access –Zscaler
- Oklahoma Municipal Power Authority Energizes Team's Secure Remote Access with ... –PortSys
- Oklahoma Municipal Power Authority Energizes Team's Secure Remote Access with ... –PortSys


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Convert CDs into digital music that can be listened to anywhere.
Kids leaving for college is a huge change for everyone. New college freshmen are most likely living away from home for the first time, and their daily routines will be different. Parents will deal with the effects of having their kids leave to become young adults.
Material lives will change. College students can typically bring a fraction of the possessions they own into their new space. In many cases, parents are left with stuff. Loads and loads of it. It might seem ambitious to want to tackle sorting and downsizing everything, but it's really not.
You can do small decluttering projects instead of visualizing everything as one incredibly huge and looming task ahead of you. Choose one small thing to start: like a CD collection that 's been building up.
Luckily there's a way to declutter CDs that college students leave behind, without losing the music on them and the investment made in purchasing them. Murfie will store music CDs and convert them into digital files that can be listened to anywhere on phones, computers, and other devices.
Simply order a Shipping Kit from Murfie to get started. You'll receive a box sized for your collection, plus tape and a return label. While your CDs are stored at Murfie, they will always remain your property, and you can have them returned at any time.
Decluttering your home and freeing up shelf space frees up the mind as well. Without CDs on your hands, you can focus on your next decluttering project and have music to listen to as you do it. Contact us to learn more!