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by D.B.S. Jeyaraj
Hello Friends
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) which determined the course of Sri Lankan politics for more than two decades is no more a functional entity today. The LTTE would have celebrated its 36th birth anniversary on May 5th if it was an active organization now.
Adverse developments on the war front in Northern Sri Lanka leading to the military debacle at Mullivaaikkaal in Mullaitheevu district in May 2009 have brought about an end to the tigers in Sri Lanka. This has caused bewilderment and disappointment to many supporters and sympathisers of the LTTE.
There were many who thought that the LTTE was going to defeat the Sri Lankan armed forces conclusively and deliver an Independent state of Tamil Eelam on a platter.
They were willing to overlook, gloss over, ignore or blatantly deny the various human rights violations perpetrated by the LTTE because they thought these were necessary evils on the path to liberation.
Anyone expressing criticism however constructive it may be was slandered and condemned as a traitor.
Even when it was pointed out that the course of action followed by the LTTE would not succeed and that decisive defeat was on the cards, such advice was rejected and spurned by the tigers and their fellow travellers.
The dominance of militarist thought within tiger circles and the belief that military victory was the only solution made them disregard well-intentioned advice
I have personally experienced cruel and degrading treatment at the hands of the LTTE and their acolytes for daring to warn the tigers that they were not going to succeed in achieving their professed goal.
I have on many occasions pointed out some grave errors made by the tigers and urged an immediate course correction.
What I wanted was for the LTTE to transform itself but this was unacceptable to those living in a world of self-delusion.
When the LTTE observed its 32nd anniversary on May 5th 2008 I wrote an article in "The Bottom Line" of May 7th 2008 outlining the progress of the tigers and implored the LTTE to abandon its impossible dream of Tamil Eelam in the larger interests of the Tamil people.
The article headed "LTTE AT 32: Whither The LTTE"? was welcomed by many readers who sent me a lot of positive e-mails.
At the same time tiger and pro-tiger elements sent a great deal of derogatory mail saying that military victory was on the cards and that Tamil Eelam was inevitable.
Subsequently I reproduced the same article on my blog on January 19th 2009 under the heading"Whither the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam"?.There were 125 comments released.
The tigers then suffering military reversals were retreating while the armed forces enjoying military successes were advancing.
By this time the writing was on the wall and the tone and tenor of many comments reflected that mood. Of course there was harsh criticism from some die-hard tiger supporters.
Barely four months later it was all over and Veluppillai Prabhakaran was lying dead on the banks of Nandhikkadal lagoon.
This marked the effective demise of the Tamil Armed struggle that led to countless deaths, immeasurable destruction and massive displacement.
Today the battered and shattered Sri Lankan Tamils reduced in numbers to being the fourth largest ethnicity in the Island are slowly struggling to pick up the pieces and get on with life.
Deep down most responsibly thinking Tamils know that life will never be the same again.
Today, many of those who criticised me bitterly then are confused and stunned by this turn of events.
I have been surprised by the volume of private e-mails I receive from readers about the current situation.
Some have pointedly referred to my earlier articles in "The Bottom Line" and "dbsjeyaraj.com" blog and remark that the wisdom of hindsight has altered their earlier perspective.
Prabhakaran and the LTTE who had the power and capability to bring about a satisfactory termination of the Tamil national question failed and in the final analysis betrayed the Tamil people.
I myself experience feelings of sorrow as I sometimes reflect on the " what might have been "had the LTTE had gone into negotiations in good faith and evolved a negotiated settlement with Colombo that ensured Tamil equality within a united Sri Lanka
Currently the Tamil people bereft of pragmatic, unselfish leadership run about crazily like headless chickens mouthing empty rhetoric and engaging in quixotic exercises that are doomed to fail in the long run.
I know that the sadness I suffer will not go away until I die! It will only increase incrementally as I witness the Tamil people steadily declining and diminishing in Sri Lanka
But then I console myself philosophically and hark back to the memorable verse of Omar Khayyam in the Rubaiyat translated into English by Sir Edward Fitzgerald.
"The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ,
Moves on: nor all your Piety nor Wit
Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,
Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it"
It is against this backdrop that I reproduce the article on the LTTE on its 36th birth anniversary.
I know it is pointless to talk of the past unless one is willing to learn lessons that would help to understand the present and anticipate the future.
My intention in posting it here again is to gauge the responses and reactions of serious readers to it. I do hope some pertinent comments would be forthcoming.
Here it is friends and please remember it was written in May 2008 when the LTTE was still a vibrant organization – DBSJ
by D.B.S. Jeyaraj
Thirty-two years ago, on May 5, 1976, around 40-50 Tamils met clandestinely at a secret location in the Jaffna peninsula and formed themselves into an organisation called the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
Umamaheswaran became its Leader. Prabhakaran was made Military Commander. A five-member committee was appointed to control and coordinate the new movement. Both Umamaheswaran and Prabhakaran were members of this committee.
Their objective was unambiguously clear. The LTTE goal was to establish an independent state called Tamil Eelam in the Northern and Eastern Provinces of Sri Lanka . A revolutionary armed struggle relying on guerrilla warfare was to be waged against the Sinhala-dominated Sri Lankan state.
The beginning
Nine days later, on May 14, the newly-formed Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) passed a resolution at Vaddukkoddai demanding Tamil Eelam-a separate state for the Tamils of Sri Lanka.
In July 1977, the TULF contested the Parliamentary elections on a secessionist platform. The TULF said in its manifesto that the elections were a referendum and that votes for the party meant a mandate for Tamil Eelam.
The TULF swept the polls in the Tamil majority electorates of the north east, winning 18 seats. TULF General Secretary Appapillai Amirthalingam became Leader of the Opposition.
The goals of the TULF and LTTE were the same on paper. In practice, the relatively moderate TULF was prepared to compromise and eventually agreed to the District Development Councils as an alternative to Tamil Eelam.
The militant youths referred to as 'Boys' did not agree with this and continued to pursue their goal of Tamil Eelam through violent methods.
The anti-Tamil pogrom of July 1983 was a watershed that brought moderate and militant Tamils together temporarily.
Meanwhile, the LTTE split in two. A large number of members broke away under the leadership of Umamaheswaran and formed the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE). Some like Nagarajah, Aiyer, etc., went their own way.
Only a handful of the original LTTE members remained loyal to Prabhakaran. A frustrated Prabhakaran went away to India and stayed there for a while. In his absence, a triad comprising Seelan, Mahathaya and Ragu 'managed' the LTTE in Sri Lanka
At one point the LTTE, with its depleted ranks, began working together with the Tamil Eelam Liberation Organisation (TELO) led by Thangathurai and Kuttimani.
There was a time when Prabhakaran wanted to merge the LTTE remnants under him with the TELO and form a new organisation. This, however, did not happen.
The arrests of TELO leaders Thangathurai, Kuttimani and Jegan by the Navy in 1981 brought an end to TELO-LTTE cooperation.
Fight for Tamil Eelam
The LTTE began functioning independently under Prabhakaran, who was both its Leader and Military Commander. Later Charles Anthony, alias Seelan, became Military Chief.
By July 1983, the LTTE cadre numbered 30. There were 23 fulltime members and seven part-timers. There were also many 'helpers' of all ages from different walks of life.
The LTTE killed 13 soldiers through a landmine at Thirunelvely on July 23, 1983. This resulted in the 1983 anti-Tamil violence. There was a spontaneous 'rush' by Tamil youths to join the militant movements and fight for Tamil Eelam. India began training and arming the movements.
The struggle for Tamil Eelam itself underwent many bizarre twists and peculiar turns. There was internecine warfare among the movements. The LTTE became the dominant Tamil group.
The Indo-Lanka Agreement of July 29, 1987 caused a sea change in Tamil politics. Except for the LTTE, all other Tamil parties and organisations accepted it and opted to give up the Tamil Eelam struggle and accept devolution provided under the 13th Amendment to the Constitution.
The LTTE also agreed initially, surrendered some arms and even accepted a monthly payment of money from New Delhi as an 'incentive' in the early stages. The Tigers, however, changed track soon and resumed hostilities, daring to take on the Indian Army.
The past years have seen many rounds of peace talks between the LTTE and different governments in Colombo . None of them succeeded and the country suffers endless war interspersed with temporary spells of no war.
In the meantime, the LTTE has achieved tremendous 'growth' in certain aspects. The double-digit membership of 1983 is in five digits today. The LTTE is a transnational entity today with front organisations among the widespread Tamil diaspora.
From 1990, the LTTE has succeeded in keeping under its control sizeable parts of the north east. The area of this de facto state has fluctuated periodically.
Sphere of LTTE control
Tiger territory has increased and decreased according to the fortunes of war. Yet there has always been a sphere of LTTE control.
Within this LTTE area, the Tigers have set up structures like police stations, courts, inland revenue offices, TV, radio, film unit, newspapers, banks, immigration and emigration offices, business ventures, farms, etc. The Tigers have even drafted their own laws.
Militarily, the LTTE has grown. They have infantry brigades, women's brigades, commando units and specialised divisions for laying mines, sniping, firing mortars and artillery, resisting tanks and armoured cars, etc.
The Tigers also have a naval wing known as Sea Tigers and a fledgling air wing called Air Tigers. The LTTE has many marine vessels and a limited number of small aircraft.
The LTTE also has an elaborate overseas network with the Tamil diaspora as its base. There are multiple media organs engaging in propaganda and myriad activists raising funds. The Tigers have the capacity to organise mass demonstrations at short notice in many Western cities.
The LTTE also runs many commercial enterprises in several countries both West and East. They also have a fleet of ships transporting arms acquired overseas to the north of Sri Lanka
In short, the LTTE's growth in the past 25 years has been phenomenal. It is perhaps the only enterprise run 'for, of and by' the Tamil people in Sri Lanka that has registered a 'success' of this magnitude after July 1983.
Scorched earth policy
This successful growth has come at immense cost to the Tamil people of Sri Lanka . Vertically the LTTE may have gone up, but horizontally the Sri Lankan Tamils have gone down. This is the unpleasant and inconvenient truth that the LTTE and acolytes often deny and do not like to hear.
World War I was only four years long, from 1914 to 1918. World War II was six years, from 1939 to 1945. This war for Tamil Eelam has gone on for decades and decades with an intensity and ferocity that has debilitated the Tamil people immensely.
The Tamil areas have undergone a staggered 'scorched earth policy,' cunningly implemented in phases by different regimes. Death, injury, destruction, displacement, etc., are part of daily life.
Fishing has dwindled. Agriculture has diminished. Industry is virtually nonexistent. The economy has decayed and unemployment is rampant. Single parent families, widows, orphans, etc., are widely prevalent.
Education, the mainstay of Tamils, has suffered considerably. Many schools do not function. Hospitals are run down. People are displaced from their homes under the pretext of setting up security zones.
The quality of life has gone down. Infant mortality rates, malnutrition, stunted growth, etc., are areas where Tamils in the north east are affected more.
The social fabric of Tamil society is torn badly, cultural life is shrinking, values are being brutalised, and ethical codes are crumbling. These are the effects of long-term war on a small, powerless people.
Demographical impact
The worst impact has been on demography. Tamils have left the country in very large numbers. Equally large numbers have moved to areas outside the north and east. Only 42% of Sri Lankan Tamils are said to be living in the north east now.
Some years ago at a seminar in Colombo , retired Indian Judge V. Krishna Iyer stated that Tamils be given full autonomy. Former Central Bank Governor N.U. Jayewardena wrote to the newspapers in response
N.U. made three observations. Firstly, he said the Sri Lankan population would stabilise to zero growth in 2025. Secondly, he said that the high rates of Tamils leaving the country indicated that the Tamils would only be 1.9 % in 2025. Thirdly, he said that 1. 9% was a "manageable minority that need not be given autonomy."
Thanks to comparatively higher educational standards and social problems like dowry, late marriages, aversion to female children, etc., the Tamil birth rate has been on the decline even before 1983.
Census figures of 1963, 1971 and 1981 show gradual decrease percentage wise. If a proper census is taken now, the Tamil population percentage would be much less. It may not be 1.9 % as N.U. said, but it could certainly be less than 5%.
The Tamils may have proved a point by taking up arms against the state dominated by the numerically larger Sinhala people. But ultimately, demography would defeat the Tamils.
The LTTE and its supporters often assert that a guerrilla movement fighting for the goal of national liberation cannot be defeated militarily. This may or may not be true but the point to be taken note of is something else.
If the prolonged armed struggle for Tamil Eelam is leading to a gradual decline of the Tamil population in Sri Lanka , then the ultimate losers will be the Tamils themselves.
A minority would be made a microscopic minority and therefore made easily manageable by the numerical majority.
It does not matter then whether the LTTE is defeated or not because the Tamils will be weakened quantitatively and qualitatively.
Numbers game
To put it bluntly, the so-called 'Sinhala state' need not win this war. All it has to do is prolong the war and sustain the pressure. The Tamils would be drastically reduced in numbers. This is already happening in the island. It is against this backdrop that the LTTE turned 32 on May 5.
Through the sacrifices and dedication of its cadre on the one hand and the ruthless violence and authoritative intolerance on the other hand, the LTTE has become the dominant politico-military force of the Sri Lankan Tamils today.
The Tigers have become the self-appointed sole representatives of the Tamil people. This columnist does not accept the LTTE as the sole representatives of the Tamils. Not merely the LTTE, but no entity on earth can claim to be the sole representatives of a nation or people.
The reality, however, is that the LTTE remains today the dominant entity among Sri Lankan Tamils. It is the single-most powerful non-state actor among Tamils.
Along with such power should come a sense of responsibility. As former British Premier Stanley Baldwin once observed, "Power without responsibility has been the prerogative of the harlot throughout the ages."
The LTTE has been the determining force in Sri Lankan politics for many years. Tragically, the Tigers have been the sole arbiters of Tamil destiny in Sri Lanka
The LTTE asserts that creating Tamil Eelam is the only solution and that Tamils must suffer and sacrifice in order to achieve it.
According to Tiger acolytes, Velupillai Prabhakaran is the only Tamil leader steadfastly advocating the cause of Tamil Eelam. All others have abandoned it and are therefore traitors. But the multi-crore question is, at what cost?
The Bible queries whether it is worth gaining the whole world and yet losing one's soul. There is a Tamil proverb, 'Suvar irunthaal thaan sithiram varaiyalaam' (one can draw a fresco only if a wall exists). Can Tamil Eelam be established in the island while the Tamil people reduce in number?
There is also the question of whether the LTTE can achieve Tamil Eelam. The real estate it controlled once has shrunk. Can it recapture these areas militarily?
Question of viability
The Tigers have alienated the Muslims living in the north and east and also the Sinhalese. In recent times, due to the Karuna revolt, a large number of eastern Tamils have spurned the quest for Tamil Eelam.
There is also the case of Tamils living outside the north east. Unless there is violence like in India during the time of partition, most of them would not like to return to Tamil Eelam.
The expatriate Tamils of an older generation may say emotionally that they would return but very few would actually do so.
As for the second generation, they are-as Prabhakaran himself once commented-a "lost generation" (tholainthu pona santhathi). At best they may come for extended vacations.
Apart from the desirability and attainability of Tamil Eelam, there is also the question of viability and the situation within Tamil Eelam if it materialises. Given the tenacity of the Sri Lankan state in resisting separation, there is little chance of Colombo accepting Tamil Eelam.
Assuming that Tamil Eelam comprises the present Northern and Eastern Provinces , the land and sea borders would be very long and large. There would be constant friction and strife.
Even if the Sinhala people accept Tamil Eelam, India would not. Thus India would move in quickly and crush it.
Given the current geo-strategic configuration, there is no chance that New Delhi would ever countenance an independent Tamil state in the Indian Ocean unless the Sinhala government does something incredibly stupid.
Even if that happens (highly unlikely) the Tamil areas of Sri Lanka may be attached to India as a union territory or protectorate. There would be no independent Tamil Eelam.
If and when Tamil Eelam evolves, notwithstanding these factors, the resources of the nascent state would be devoted mainly for military purposes. In a climate of war, very little foreign investment could be expected. The Tamil Eelam state will be an economic basket case.
The focus on national security will result in a negation of democracy, pluralism and human rights. All these would be denied under the pretext that an external enemy is at the gates.
The despotic rule of the LTTE in the regions under its control would be replicated on a much larger and institutionalised scale.
Even though the LTTE boasts about its parallel state administration, the reality is that food and fuel have to come from outside. Besides, the salaries and expenses of government employees, school teachers, medical staff, etc., are all being currently paid by Colombo .
Negative image
The LTTE may have made a name for itself through its armed struggle. But its strength is basically its destructive capacity and not constructive capability.
In recent times, the LTTE has acquired a negative image internationally. The conscription of child soldiers, suicide killer attacks and the adoption of terrorist modes at times have given it a terrible reputation.
Despite its impressive feats on the battlefront, the LTTE is isolated internationally. Some of the most powerful nations of the world, including the USA, India, Britain, Canada and the EU countries, have proscribed it as a terrorist organisation.
Significantly, the LTTE does not enjoy support on a large scale even among the Tamils of India. There is sympathy for the Tamil plight but very little regard for the LTTE. The support of Tiger sympathisers like Nedumaran, Vaiko, etc., is negligible.
It is in such a situation that the LTTE reaches 32 years in age. After decades of fighting that has debilitated and diminished the Tamil people, what are the concrete gains made by the LTTE in winning back the lost rights of the Tamil people?
Death, displacement and destruction have enveloped the Tamil areas for many years. Despite all this suffering and sorrow undergone by the Tamil people, what has the LTTE achieved in its perennial quest for Tamil Eelam?
Their redressing of valid Tamil grievances and the accommodation of legitimate Tamil aspirations is possible in two ways. One is through the arduous route of secession and the other is through equitable power sharing arrangements within a united but not necessarily unitary Sri Lanka
The LTTE, while paying lip service to the concept of a political solution, has sabotaged any worthwhile effort aimed at meaningful negotiations. It would have the Tamils believe that only Tamil Eelam can achieve results and that only the Tigers can quench this thirst for Tamil Eelam.
The truth, however, is that the LTTE has many, many miles to go before it can ever hope to attain Tamil Eelam. Even then the quest is elusive as the odds are stacked effectively against it.
It is like the search of a blind man for a black cat in a dark room. Only in this case, the cat is not there. Also, the Tamil people are made to pay a heavy price.
All or nothing gamble
Like a compulsive gambler, Prabhakaran has risked the entire existence of the Tamil people as a vibrant ethnicity in Sri Lanka for the elusive goal of Tamil Eelam. It is an all or nothing gamble for him.
He is like an invading military general who burns his boats so that his soldiers have no choice other than to fight on for victory or face death. There is no turning back. If the soldiers win the war, the general will be praised for his steely determination. If they lose, there won't be anyone left to tell the tale.
Ultimately the success or failure of the LTTE cannot be gauged by the size of its military assets or the destruction and losses inflicted upon the enemy. The proper criteria is to see how far the LTTE has progressed on its journey towards Tamil Eelam.
In terms of a cost benefit ratio assessment, is the progress (if any) achieved commensurate to the heavy price being paid by the Tamil people?
The ultimate political destination of the Tamil people can only be the full restoration of lost rights. The important question is whether the LTTE is on the right track.
How long will the LTTE persist with its unrealistic quest for Tamil Eelam? How long must the powerless Tamil people suffer due to this protracted war?
It is time for the 32-year-old LTTE to do some soul-searching


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Sydney, Australia - August 21, 2013
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subset: commoncrawl


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MISCELLANEOUS: Released Parties are not responsible for lost, late, incomplete, inaccurate, stolen, misdirected, undelivered or garbled entries or comments; or for lost, interrupted or unavailable network, server, Internet Service Provider (ISP), website, or other connections, availability or accessibility or miscommunications or failed computer, satellite, telephone or cable transmissions, lines, or technical failure or jumbled, scrambled, delayed, or misdirected transmissions or computer hardware or software malfunctions, failures or difficulties, or other errors or difficulties of any kind whether human, mechanical, electronic, computer, network, typographical, printing or otherwise relating to or in connection with the Sweepstakes, including, without limitation, errors or difficulties which may occur in connection with the administration of the Sweepstakes, the processing of entries or comments, the announcement of the prizes, or in any Sweepstakes-related materials. Released Parties are also not responsible for any incorrect or inaccurate information, whether caused by site users, tampering, hacking, or by any equipment or programming associated with or utilized in the Sweepstakes. Released Parties are not responsible for injury or damage to entrants' or to any other person's computer related to or resulting from participating in this Sweepstakes or downloading materials from or use of the website. Sponsor reserves the right, in its sole discretion to disqualify any person tampering with the entry process, the operation of the website or otherwise in violation of these Official Rules. Sponsor further reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to cancel, terminate or modify this Sweepstakes if the Sweepstakes is compromised by computer virus, technical corruption, non-authorized human intervention, or any other causes which, in the sole discretion of the Sponsor, corrupt or affect the administration, security, fairness, proper play or integrity of the Sweepstakes. In the event of cancellation or termination, Sponsor reserves the right to select the potential winner in a random drawing from among all eligible, non-suspect entries received prior to date of cancellation or termination. In the event of a dispute regarding online entry, entry will be deemed made by the authorized account subscriber of the email account associated with the entry and he/she must comply with these Official Rules. The authorized account subscriber is the natural person who is assigned the email address by the Internet Service Provider (ISP), on-line service provider, or other organization responsible for assigning email addresses. CAUTION: ANY ATTEMPT TO DELIBERATELY DAMAGE THE WEBSITE OR UNDERMINE THE LEGITIMATE OPERATION OF THE SWEEPSTAKES IS A VIOLATION OF CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAWS AND SHOULD SUCH AN ATTEMPT BE MADE, SPONSOR WILL DISQUALIFY ANY SUCH INDIVIDUAL AND RESERVES THE RIGHT TO SEEK DAMAGES (INCLUDING ATTORNEYS' FEES) AND OTHER REMEDIES FROM ANY SUCH INDIVIDUAL TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW.
Except where prohibited by law, entry constitutes permission to use each winner's name, hometown (city and state), voice, biographical information, likeness, photograph and any statements regarding this Sweepstakes in all media now known or hereafter discovered, for any purpose, including without limitation, in connection with, and to promote, market or advertise, the Sweepstakes, in whole or in part, without review, approval, credit or attribution, notification or payment from or to entrant or any person or entity, worldwide, in perpetuity, and/or on a winners' list, if applicable. Sweepstakes is subject to all applicable U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations.
WINNER'S NAME: For the winner's name, available after February 1, 2014, send a self-addressed, stamped envelope to Winners' List, The Tagg—GPS Pet Tracker Sweepstakes, Family Circle, 805 Third Avenue, Floor 24, New York, NY 10022.
Originally published in the January 2014 issue of Family Circle magazine.


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Shalom Friends,
Worthy 1000 is officially closed. It's a ranking service that has been
great, but costly. As a Christian ministry we want to be good stewards
over funds entrusted to us. That's why we're shutting down the site to
use the funds to further develop our online ministry. In Israel, and on
the Internet. Sharing the Gospel with as many people as possible. And
Hope to the hopeless.
We're deeply sorry for the inconvenience this may place on your staff.
We trust the Lord will richly bless you and your ministry at this strategic
Worthy Ministries


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It was announced yesterday that the cost of taking a Microsoft exam will increase from the 1 July. In the UK the price will be increasing from £88 to £99. A fair amount of my readers and visitors come for the USA. If you are taking the test across the Atlantic in the USA then the price will be increasing from $125 to $150. If I have missed out your region please accept my apologies, there is a nice link you can follow below that will help determine how the cost rise will impact on you:
I guess this might be the incentive you need to get the exam booked and taken before the July deadline, and save a few £££'s in the process.


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No trans fats. That's our in-house commitment. Pair that with a love for truly delicious vegan baked goods (which we import from Sugarplum Vegan in Sacramento and Butterfly Vegan right here in Davis), and a keen interest in gluten-free options, and you've got our number. We keep it pretty simple: our cookies, muffins, bread and scones are baked fresh every day, and we share shelf-space with folks like Village Bakery, Greenlees and Cake Couture, who bring us their own fresh-baked goodness because our members want choices. We bake (or bring home the baked-uns) so you don't have to. Even though we know you probably love to, too. We see that love... and we'll raise you a DFC Cowboy Cookie.
What is local? Look for the "Local" tags in produce (and all around the store) to find items produced within 100 miles of Davis. Whether local or not, the Co-op labels every produce item with its origin, so you know how far your food traveled. Our Local Food List is a neat thing to browse, if you have the time and inclination.


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If you're not sure what you need, or can't find want you're looking for on our site, why not speak to someone instead? Just click here and we'll call you back within the hour.
IT is about capability – being able to do the things you need. From writing documents and building spreadsheets, through email and remote access, to security and specialist applications, IT is the foundation on which you build your business.
Technology Solutions for your business
We take the time to understand your business and its needs so that we can build the IT solution that will deliver the outcome your business desires. We have a range of crafted core products with options to extend the functionality to provide a tailored solution for your business.


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Consensus Report
Sediment Dredging at Superfund Megasites: Assessing the Effectiveness (2007)Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
Each report is produced by a committee of experts selected by the Academy to address a particular statement of task and is subject to a rigorous, independent peer review; while the reports represent views of the committee, they also are endorsed by the Academy. Learn more on our expert consensus reports.
Some of the nation's estuaries, lakes and other water bodies contain contaminated sediments that can adversely affect fish and wildlife and may then find their way into people's diets. Dredging is one of the few options available for attempting to clean up contaminated sediments, but it can uncover and re-suspend buried contaminants, creating additional exposures for wildlife and people. At the request of Congress, EPA asked the National Research Council to evaluate dredging as a cleanup technique. The report finds that, based on a review of available evidence, dredging's ability to decrease environmental and health risks is still an open question. Analysis of pre-dredging and post-dredging at about 20 sites found a wide range of outcomes in terms of surface sediment concentrations of contaminants: some sites showed increases, some no change, and some decreases in concentrations. Evaluating the potential long-term benefits of dredging will require that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency step up monitoring activities before, during and after individual cleanups to determine whether it is working there and what combinations of techniques are most effective.
Key Messages
- Dredging is one of the few options available for the remediation of contaminated sediment and that it should be considered, with other options, to manage the risks that the contaminated sediments pose.
- EPA needs to centralize and coordinate assessment and management of contaminated sediment megasites to ensure greater consistency in evaluations, greater technical competence, more active leadership at the sites, and an emphasis on what works and why.
- Improved risk assessment that specifically considers the full range and real-world limitations of remedial alternatives is needed to allow valid comparisons of technologies and uncertainties.
- The committee could not generally establish whether dredging alone is capable of long-term risk reduction. That is because monitoring at most sites does not include all the measures necessary to evaluate risk over time, dredging may have occurred in concert with other remedies or natural processes that affect risk, insufficient time has passed to evaluate long-term risk reduction, and a systematic compilation of site data necessary to track remedial effectiveness nationally is lacking.
- The committee found that dredging alone achieved the desired contaminant-specific cleanup levels at only a few of the 26 dredging projects, and that capping5 after dredging was often necessary to achieve cleanup levels.
- The management of contaminated megasites needs to embrace a more flexible and adaptive approach to accommodate unanticipated factors, new knowledge, technology changes, and results of field pilot tests.


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Oct. 23, 2007
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - For the second week in a row, the NEWMAC named Leslie Hansen its women's tennis Singles Player of the Week. She posted a 3-1 ledger after advancing to the finals of the No. 1 singles flight at the NEWITT Division III Championship this past weekend.
Following a first-round bye, No. 3 seeded Hansen cruised past Claire Smyser (Middlebury), 6-2, 6-4. She then outlasted Rachel Rosman (Brandeis), 6-1, 7-6 (6) and edged out Grace Cascarilla (Tufts), 6-3, 6-4. In the final, Hansen fell to No. 4 Kristen Raymond (Bowdoin), 7-5, 2-6, 6-3.


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Milledgeville, Ga. – Georgia Southwestern competed in a high fouling game against Georgia College in a Peach Belt Conference game on Saturday afternoon. Although the Lady 'Canes had three ladies shooting in double digits, Georgia College had four taking the win in the end, 76-62.
Georgia Southwestern continues to an 8-13, 3-11 PBC record. Georgia College advances to a 15-5, 8-5 PBC record.
The Lady Hurricanes committed 25 fouls over the course of the game with Tiara Thompson fouling out and four other Hurricanes getting in foul trouble. Resulting in 13 of Georgia College's points in the second half.
Lockett was the leading scorer for GSW with 17 points and grabbing eight rebounds. McSwain and Hudson scored ten points each. Shanteona Keys reached a game high of 20 points and grabbed nine rebounds for Georgia College. McKinney, Belinda Schaafsma, and LaRice Walker also scored double digits for the Lady Bobcats.
The Lady 'Canes are back at home on Wednesday, February 12th at 5:30 to take on University of Montevallo Falcons.


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Grains were mixed Wednesday with soybeans sharply higher and wheat lower. January soybeans made their high for the trading session at 2:00am last night which was mostly related to the Dalian markets. Chinese soybean futures rallied sharply overnight and Malaysian palm oil futures were sharply higher.
This morning's news was also positive for soybean prices. NOPA crush was 9 million bushels more than the average guess. We also saw a USDA sale announcement of 120,000 MTs of US soybeans to China and 40,000 MTs of US soyoil to "unknown". At a time when we still need to see demand rationing this news was supportive. Even with the supportive fundamental news we weren't able to touch the overnight highs for January soybeans. One thing I wanted to discuss is the massive volume change that we still see at the 9:30am session open. A lot of computer based trading systems still appear to be waiting until that time before trading despite the 21 hour market availability. It is also important to note that the majority of the recent weakness and large sell orders have come during this opening timeframe after supportive overnight markets which come on low volume. See chart:
The other topic that is hogging the headlines is the fiscal cliff. We have very quietly lost over 700 points on the Dow Jones since Election Day. The government does not have a solution to the Fiscal Cliff yet and the market is selling off in anticipation. This could be the next downside risk to watch out for in the ag markets is spillover selling. If we break $7.05 in the December corn contract watch out for the gap fill at $6.76 to be the next technical target. With that said we have just had a two day bounce off the oversold levels which is short term positive on the stochastics.
Dow Jones
Dec Corn
Best Regards,
Trading commodity futures and options involves substantial risk of loss and may not be suitable for all investors. You should carefully consider whether trading is suitable for you in light of your circumstances, knowledge and financial resources. The market information contained in this message has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but is not guaranteed as to its accuracy or completeness. Market information may not be consistent with current or future market positions of EHedger LLC, its affiliates, officers, directors, employees or agents.


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U.S. 2014/15 all rice supplies are forecast up 6 percent from 2013/14, and total use is up 5 percent—leading to a 17 percent increase in 2014/15 ending stocks. Beginning stocks for 2014/15 are forecast at 29.3 million cwt, down 20 percent from the previous year.
Projected 2014/15 imports at 22.0 million cwt are unchanged from 2013/14. U.S. rice production for 2014/15 is projected at 213.0 million cwt, up 12 percent from 2013/14. Long-grain production is projected at 161.0 million cwt, and combined medium- and short-grain production at 52.0 million.
Harvested all rice area is estimated at 2.85 million acres. Long-grain harvested area at 2.21 million acres is up 25 percent from the previous year. Combined medium- and short-grain harvested area at 0.65 million acres is down 8 percent from 2013/14.
The decline in California medium-grain plantings due to drought and water restrictions have attracted more acres of medium-grain rice in the Delta where plantings in 2014 are projected up 39 percent. All rice average yield is projected at 7,468 pounds per acre, down 3 percent from the previous year's record—based on trend analysis by rice class.
U.S. 2014/15 all rice total use is projected at 230.0 million cwt with domestic and residual use at 128.0 million, and exports at 102.0 million. Long-grain rice exports are projected at 72.0 million cwt, and combined medium- and short-grain rice exports at 30.0 million. Larger long-grain supplies in 2014/15 and lower projected prices are expected to expand exports, but competition for markets is expected to be strong.
Exports of medium-grain rice will be constrained by tighter U.S. supplies because of reduced plantings in California. U.S. all rice ending stocks for 2014/15 are projected at 34.3 million cwt, with long-grain ending stocks at 24.3 million cwt, and combined medium- and short-grain rice stocks at 7.7 million.
The U.S. 2014/15 long-grain rice season-average farm price is projected at $13.50 to $14.50 per cwt, compared to a revised $15.20 to $15.80 for the previous year. The combined medium- and short-grain price is projected at $18.50 to $19.50 per cwt, compared to a revised $17.70 to $18.30 for the year earlier. The 2014/15 all rice price is projected at $15.00 to $16.00 per cwt, compared to a revised $15.80 to $16.40 per cwt for 2013/14.
Global 2014/15 total rice supply and use are each projected to reach record levels at 592.0 and 482.2 million tons, respectively, and results in a 1.5-million decrease in world ending stocks. Global 2014/15 rice production is projected at a record 480.7 million tons, up 4.6 million from 2013/14. Record to near-record rice crops are projected in Asia—assuming normal weather. Record crops are projected for the major exporters including India, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Additionally, large crops are forecast for other exporters including Burma, Cambodia, and Egypt. On the importer side, record or near-record crops are forecast for Indonesia, the Philippines, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Global 2014/15 consumption is projected at a record 482.2 million tons, up 1.5 percent from the previous year. Global exports in 2014/15 are projected at a record 41.4 million tons, up 1.0 million from 2013/14. Thailand is forecast to be the largest global rice exporter in 2014/15 with exports of 10.0 million tons followed by India at 9.0 million and Vietnam at 6.7 million.
Large 2014/15 imports are projected for China, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa. China's imports have surged since 2011/12 and are forecast to be the largest importer with imports of 3.7 million tons in 2014/15. China's annual consumption needs have overtaken production since 2012/13 resulting in declining stocks. Strong domestic prices in China have encouraged imports of lower-priced rice from Burma, Pakistan, and Vietnam. Global 2014/15 ending stocks are expected to decrease 1.5 million tons to 109.8 million. The largest year-to-year stocks reductions occur in India and China—down 1.0 million tons and 0.65 million, respectively.
Complete Coverage of May 9 USDA Reports
See the data, read the biggest news and listen to analysis of today's collection of major USDA reports.
WASDE: Meat, Poultry and Milk Production All Forecast Higher
Retail Meat Prices: Up, Up and Away


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This information is about access to all types of cancer treatments. When we use the word 'treatment', this also includes drugs used to treat cancer.
If a treatment is not available in the NHS, start by talking to your cancer doctor. It's important to understand the treatment and whether it is right for you.
This can depend on:
- the type and stage of cancer you have
- the side effects and risks of the treatment
- the possible benefits of the treatment
- any other treatments you have had
- other treatments that are available.
If you and your doctor agree that you would benefit from the treatment, you can apply to the NHS for funding. You apply in different ways across the UK. There may also be other things you can do if a treatment isn't available (see below).


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Architecture and the built environment
At SCAD, your architecture degree comes with a robust array of opportunities. You can intern in the thriving marketplace of Atlanta. You can take in the European influence while studying at SCAD Lacoste. You can experience the architecture of the world city during a three-week immersion in Hong Kong. And you can do it all from a base in Savannah, home to one of the most celebrated urban plans in the world and a cityscape of both historic and contemporary architecture.
Launch your creative career
Accelerate your path to licensure
In partnership with the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards, SCAD is offering a trailblazing new track in 2016 that provides dedicated students the opportunity to become licensed architects upon graduation — in as few as seven years.
Architecture degrees
The SCAD professional M.Arch. degree program is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB). Both the professional M.Arch. degree and the B.F.A. degree in architecture are offered in Savannah.
- Savannah
Meet the most celebrated architects and designers
Master classes. Portfolio reviews. Public events. Private parties. Every quarter, in every location, SCAD is visited by incredible artisans who are at the top of their fields — and we want you to meet them.
Join creative collaborations
SCAD emphasizes collaboration between departments through opportunities like the SCADpad® micro-housing project. SCADpad combined students from 12 different fields to reimagine the spaces in which we live. The project earned global media attention and the World Architecture News Urban Design Award for its innovations.
Learn more about the groundbreaking SCADpad project
Claim your place in the industry of ideas
Architects give meaning to the world and shape the way people experience their environment every day. At SCAD, you can bring your designs to life as you prepare for your dream job.
Launch your creative career
A program built upon a solid foundation
The professional M.Arch. degree is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board
View the learning culture credo
Related majors and minors
SCAD's architecture program empowers students to explore related creative disciplines, such as architectural history, urban design, historic preservation, interior design and furniture design. Through a dual major or minor, you can develop a unique, design-oriented perspective that shapes a broader artistic understanding.
Related majors that may interest you:
Minors that complement this program:
Ready to see more?
Connect with us! Request more information or apply today, and we'll send you everything you need to begin your exciting journey at SCAD.


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Welcome to Wiki Dragons.

Welcome to Wiki Dragons.

The free encyclopedia that anyone can post and edit interesting topics.
The free encyclopedia that anyone can post and edit interesting topics.
== Getting started with encyclopedia quotes ==
== Getting started with encyclopedia quotes ==
* I am not going to buy my kids an encyclopedia. Let them walk to school like i did. -[[Yogi Berra]]
* I am not going to buy my kids an encyclopedia. Let them walk to school like i did. - [[Yogi Berra]]
* I love photography. And i just eat it up. I feel like I'm an encyclopedia, you know, inside. - [[Annie Leibovitz]]
* I love photography. And i just eat it up. I feel like I'm an encyclopedia, you know, inside. - [[Annie Leibovitz]]
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: everything known about that species. - [[E. O. Wilson]]
: everything known about that species. - [[E. O. Wilson]]
Powered by [[User:Michael Boulos|Michael Boulos]]
Powered by[[User:Michael Boulos|Michael Boulos]]
Revision as of 08:35, 5 July 2019
Welcome to Wiki Dragons.
The free encyclopedia that anyone can post and edit interesting topics.
Getting started with encyclopedia quotes
- I am not going to buy my kids an encyclopedia. Let them walk to school like i did. - Yogi Berra
- I love photography. And i just eat it up. I feel like I'm an encyclopedia, you know, inside. - Annie Leibovitz
- The hardest thing was learning to write. I was 13, and the only writing I had done was for Social Studies.
- It consisted of copying passages right out of the encyclopedia. - Tracy Kidder
- The goal is to give people a free encyclopedia to every person in the world, in their own language.
- Not just in a 'free beer' kind of way, but also in the free speech kind of way. - Jimmy Wales
- Today, I give my daughter what i really did not have as a kid: all the silly, dumb, extravagant,
- frilly, nonfunctional toys I can force on her. She probably wants an encyclopedia. - Lenny Bruce
- A man is the whole encyclopedia of facts. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
- When I hear other people's stories, I like to believe that they contribute to 'Encyclopedia of Human Experience.' The stories
- I hear help me expand my definition of what love is, what pain feels like, what sacrifice means, what laughter can do. - Sarah Kay
- I had a terrible vision: I saw an encyclopedia walk up to a polymath and open him up. - Karl Kraus
- There's a vast encyclopedia of fears and phobias, and pretty much any object, experience, situation you can think of,
- there is someone who has a phobia of it. - Scott Stossel
- When I was about thirteen, the library was going to get 'Calculus for the practical man.' By this time I knew,
- from reading the encyclopedia, that calculus was an important and interesting subject, and I ought to learn it. - Richard P. Feynman
- I'm a book guy first, and my education came from two encyclopedia. One was an encyclopedia of health, so I became morbidly obsessed with anatomy,
- and i thought i had trichinosis, an aneurism, jaundice! And then an encyclopedia of art. - Guillermo del Toro
- I had an encyclopedia with a list of flags in the back, so I would look at all these flags of China and Liberia and England and Denmark and whatever, :and I learned all the different flags, and I tired to imagine what it would be like to be voyaging on some of these ships. - George R. R. Martin
- What we need is an electronic encyclopedia of life, with one page for each species. On each page is given
- everything known about that species. - E. O. Wilson
- I sold a bunch of stuff. I sold Omaha Steaks, Vacation packages ... the worst, though, was Time Life Books, because no one wants Time Life Books.
- No one wants an 'Encyclopedia Britannica' showing up at their house. - Adam DeVine
- You have a diasporic black world, and the only wy to put it back together again is symbolic. It's like Humpty Dumpty. Whoever could edit the :'Encyclopedia Africana' would provide symbolic order to the fragments created over the past 500 years.
- That is a major contribution. - Henry Louis Gates
- Certitude belongs exclusively to those who only own one encyclopedia. - Robert Anton Wilson
- I'm reading today because of 'Encyclopedia Brown.' - Octavia Spencer
- Personally, I would sooner have written Alice in Wonderland than the whole Encyclopedia Britannica. - Stephen Leacock
- I just do not want to stop finding things interesting. I do not want to ever stop learning.
- I want to be a weird encyclopedia of bizarre knowledge. - Brie Larson
- My original concept was to proved a free encyclopedia for every single person in the world. - Jimmy Wales
- When I was 8 years old, I made my own encyclopedia of American Biography - Johnny Appleseed, Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett, Daniel Boone,
- Charles Lindbergh, my pantheon of favorite heroes. Then I would write my own things and sew them together and try to make my own book. - Douglas Brinkley
- To create and distribute a free encyclopedia of the highest possible quality to every single person
- on the planet in their own language - That's who I am. That's what I am doing. That's my life goal. - Jimmy Wales
- People take issue with individual aspects of Wikipedia all the time. But it's kind of hard to hate the general idea of a free encyclopedia.
- It's like hating kittens. - Jimmy Wales
- I love working with Scorsese. He's not only a brilliant director and is great working with actors, but he's also a walking human film encyclopedia.
- It's fun to talk about movies with him. - Steve Buscemi
- Me, I'm an encyclopedia. I'm not a very smart guy, but I'm an encyclopedia. You can ask me about anything you want.
- probably I have the book; probably I have a first edition. - Jose Andres
- What I really had was stories, the oral traditions of my parents. We moved so much that that was really our encyclopedia.
- A dream world told to me from my parents in the living room. - Juan Felipe Herrera
- When my generation grew up, our only sources of knowledge were books, teachers, parents and friends.
- The encyclopedia was an item of luxury. We faced big limits in what we could learn, where we could be and who we could reach. - Vivek Wadhwa
- I just signed to do my next book with Ecco Press, a new primer or encyclopedia. This will be my take on what
- classic Italian Cooking is. - Mario Batali
- As for Aamir Khan, he keeps raising the standard with every film. For an artist like me or a newcomer like me,
- we can only look up to that and dream, 'When will that be us someday?' There's so much to learn from him.
- He is the encyclopedia of acting. - Tiger Shroff
- In maybe 1963, we had 'Collier's Encyclopedia,' and they sent us their yearly LP. I heard the Beatles talking on there.
- That was the first time I tired altering my voice, doing a liverpudlian accent. - Dana Carvey
- You look into an encyclopedia and ask what fighter can do any type of martial art at a high-caliber level,
- my picture will show up. - Demetrious Johnson
- I would describe myself as having a healthy income, but I sure wouldn't describe the son of a postmaster and an encyclopedia saleswoman
- as upper class, by any stretch of the imagination. I would describe myself as decidedly middle class.
- I think I'm extremely fortunate. - James Carville
- Many writers were picked on as children. Why? Because they were weird from the get-go.
- They were often to be found at the back of the class smelling erasers, or talking to caterpillars,
- or walking down the street with an encyclopedia balanced on their head. - Heather O'Neill
- A textbook requires a consistent sense of style and a linear structure, hallmarks of a single authorial presence.
- An encyclopedia does not. - Clive Thompson
- Because the world is radically new, the ideal encyclopedia should be radical, too. - Charles Van Doren
- Writing an encyclopedia is hard. To do anywhere near a decent job, you have to know a great deal of information bout an incredibly wide variety of :subjects. Writing so much text is difficult, but doing all the background research seems impossible. - Aaron Swartz
- I can clearly trace my passion for reading for reading back to the Jonesboro, Georgia, library, where for the first time in my life I had access to
- what seemed like an unlimited supply of books. This was where I discovered 'Encyclopedia Brown' and 'Nancy Drew,' 'Gone with the Wind' and 'Rebecca.'
- This was where I became inspired to be a writer. - Karin Slaughter
- I really love rap music. I grew up in the 80s and 90s with public enemy, N.W.A., LL Cool J - I'm a hip-hop encyclopedia. But I got kind of frustrated : with the chauvinistic side of rap music, the one that makes it hard to write songs about love and relationships. - Mayer Hawthorne
- Encyclopedia Brown Takes the case, 'The secret of the old clock,' 'Are you there God, It's Me, Margaret,' 'Flowers in the Attic,- 'Gone With the Wind'
- - these are the books that defined my childhood. They thrilled me. They made me feel like I was not alone in the world. - Karin Slaughter
- As a pure source of reference, 'Modernist Cuisine' is incredibly helpful. It's like a modern-day encyclopedia, except for a single subject. It's not always the answer, but it's always a starting point. I feel honored to have been able to contribute to it. - Wylie Dufresne
- I still don't think I've ever read a Nancy Drew book; I probably read three or four 'Hardy Boys' books when I was 10, 11, 12, and I didn't love them at the time. Even then, they felt dated to me, like the word chum - 'my chum and I.' However, the 'Encyclopedia Brown' books, I read all of them. - Rob Thomas
- Possibly the strangest book ever made, the 'Codex Seraphinianus' is an encyclopedia of an imaginary world, with illegible calligraphy - it is written in an alphabet no one can understand - and surreal drawings of odd beasts and machines. - Russell Smith
- The architect who first inspired me to follow this profession was Sir John Soane and his Regency home; well, his three homes, now a museum. The place is like an encyclopedia of paintings, antiquities, furniture, sculptures, and drawings. - Anouska Hempel
- I have been collecting recipes and information for over 20 years, but three years ago, my editor said to me, 'You're a walking encyclopedia of food, so why don't you do an encyclopedia?' - Gil Marks
- It's a funny habit to write encyclopedia entries. It's not a mass taste. - Sue Gardner
- We are always taking a hard look at how life was in the past in coming up with interesting subject matter for our various series, and remembering how much I used to want an encyclopedia as a kid made me realize wanting a set is very unlikely for teens today, and that conversation would be interesting. -Benny Fine
- When I was a kid, what captivated me about detective fiction were the puzzles more than the detectives or their enemies. And as I've gotten older, I see a lot of merit in setting your investigative sights higher than figuring out how someone stole Encyclopedia Brown's bicycle. -Mark Waid
- Can life be defined? Well, how would you go about it? Well, of course, you'd go to Encyclopedia Britannica and open at L. No, of course you don't do that; you put it somewhere in Google. And then you might get something. - Chris Adami
- A person can be only educated but could not be protected from evil people until s/he is true to oneself. – Anuj Somany
- A person who has gained wisdom through education remains simple and humble, but the people who have gained just degrees or certificates by any immoral means are always seen creating trouble in an organisation by playing office politics, sneering hard workers and snatching others credit et al. – Anuj Somany
- A person who is truly learned does not have to snap own photo with the bookshelf in the background to project oneself as well-educated via media picture. – Anuj Somany
- A person's education devoid of wisdom is a poison for the entire generation. – Anuj Somany
- Before speaking about or supporting the theme 'Education For All', let the government make an environment that ensures
'Employment For All job-seekers' - Anuj Somany
Powered by: Michael Boulos (talk)


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The University of Pittsburgh Center for Public Health Preparedness (UPCPHP) provided frontline public health and health care professionals, with access to national and local preparedness information and public health competency-based training resources. Funding for UPCPHP was provided through the Center for Public Health Practice by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2004 to 2010.
Under the direction of Samuel Stebbins, MD, MPH, the Preparedness Center offered approximately 11,000 training hours to over 1,600 public health professionals. It implemented several hallmark training programs such as the School Preparedness Program, Rural Preparedness Program, Legal Preparedness Program, Leadership Institute, and Student Public Health Epidemic Response Effort.
Legal Preparedness Program
The Public Health Preparedness Law program served as a resource for preparedness law information to individuals with responsibility for public health preparedness and response. It facilitated collaboration between preparedness partners to identify legal preparedness needs, conducted research and analysis, developed tools to enhance public health practitioner legal competency, and provided public health law training to enhance preparedness for public health emergencies. Several of these tools are still requested today.
Go to the legal preparedness archive.
School Preparedness Program
The Preparedness Center, the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PADOH) , and the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) partnered to provide key training to school personnel in planning for and responding to emergencies in schools. Approximately 810 school nurses in Pennsylvania completed a day-long training specific to their role in disasters (View Training Map). In addition, 150 K-12 school personnel, such as administrators, security directors, counselors, and transportation directors, have been trained to the National Incident Management System standards established by Homeland Security Presidential Directive #5. Team training was also provided in "Responding to Public Health Emergencies in Schools." In addition to school nurses, UPCPHP trained other school personnel, such as administrators.
The partnership spawned several more activities including:
- Action Guide to Protect Mental Health in Schools During Disasters (View pdf of Action Guide)
- CE-accredited online course for school nurses
- An action chart for school nurses based on Department of Homeland Security color codes (View pdf of Color Code Guide).
Go to the school preparedness archive.
Rural Preparedness Program
The University of Pittsburgh Center for Rural Health Practice (CRHP) was the rural coordinating unit of the Preparedness Center. The Rural preparedness Program was unique in providing a rare opportunity for the non-traditional secondary responder to meet face-to-face and train with their community's first responders. Upon completion of this course, all attendees were better able to:
- Identify critical public health & mental health emergency functions and services
- Understand agency roles and responsibilities within an existing emergency management framework
- Identify key partners in community-based disease surveillance and early warning systems
- Communicate infection control practices and procedures to protect self, family, patients and others
- Evaluate the role of local hospitals and laboratories in supporting disease prevention & control
- Know where to turn for additional information and emergency planning guidance
View the Rural Preparedness Textbook.
Graduate Certificate Program in Public Health Preparedness
and Disaster Response
The Graduate Certificate Program in Public Health Preparedness and Disaster Response was founded in 2003 as a response to the growing threats to the public's health. This program has continued under the Center for Public Health Practice.
Go to the Graduate Certificate Program.
Pennsylvania Preparedness Leadership Institute (PPLI)
The Preparedness Center offered leadership training to provide essential training to public health and other emergency preparedness and response personnel. This program has continued under the Center for Public Health Practice.
Go to the Pennsylvania Preparedness Leadership Institute.
Student Public Health Epidemic Response Effort (SPHERE)
Founded in 2007, SPHERE is an organization of public health students and community members that participate in outbreak and response activities with local and state health departments, attend monthly meetings, participate in epidemiological investigation training, and volunteer at community health events and promotions. This program has continued under the Center for Public Health Practice and the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health.
Go to the Student Public Health Epidemic Response Effort.
Preparedness E-newsletter Archive
The Preparedness Center published over 50 monthly newsletters and alerts between 2006 and 2010. The e-newsletter provided approximately 900 subscribers with the latest information from a variety of public health interest areas. Each issue had a feature story drawing attention to major news, breaking news from around the world, and resources about an emerging infectious diseases.
Go to the Preparedness E-newsletter Archive.


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The New York Giants have traded a 2012 fifth-round draft pick to the Cincinnati Bengals for linebacker Keith Rivers, a league source told NFL Network insider Jason La Canfora on Wednesday.
Build your own mock draft:
Make your best guesses here for all 32 picks of the first round of the NFL Draft and you could win a trip to attend the 2014 NFL Kickoff game. Play now ...
The Bengals had been looking to move the former USC standout after re-signing Manny Lawson last week.
Rivers was picked ninth overall by Cincinnati in the 2008 NFL Draft. He started 13 games for the Bengals in 2010, when he recorded 77 tackles and one sack. Rivers missed the entire 2011 season with a wrist injury.
The trade leaves the Bengals with Lawson, Rey Maualuga and Thomas Howard as likely starters this season. The team also could re-sign free agent Brandon Johnson.
In New York, Rivers will join a linebacker corps that includes Michael Boley, Greg Jones and Mathias Kiwanuka.


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Maureen H. Berry, Editor UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS DOCTORAL RESEARCH Sound accounting research can only proceed from a thorough un-derstanding of the political, social, and economic roots of the ac-counting problem. This edition of doctoral dissertation reviews moves away from customary reference to work by accounting schol-ars to present some recent studies in economic and social history — both to increase understanding of the accounting environment as well as to suggest areas for possible accounting investigation. In keeping with the universal nature of the accounting discipline, these studies have an international flavor. They are also related in their macrolevel focus and public policy concerns. Collins' study of taxation in Brittany in the early 17th century sug-gests a rich area for research by pointing out that very little is known of the French taxation system, particularly indirect taxation, of the time and its consequent economic effects. Moving through time and space to Brazil towards the end of the 19th century, Moreira exam-ines the relation of subsistence agriculture to the process of capital accumulation. The perennial problem of public/private relationships is addressed in Frankel's consideration of the role of businessmen in the Canadian government's program of economic intervention in the 1930s. We remain in Canada, but move ahead one generation, to review its problems of capital accumulation, in a study by Tam whose econometric model suggests two important policy considera-tions for governments wishing to encourage capital investment. Capital accumulation is also at the heart of another vexious prob-lem — that of inflation. Examined from the perspective of a devel-oping nation, Divecha has used a structural model, adapted from Latin America, to analyze the nature and causeo of inflation in India and to suggest policy considerations when pursuing development goals. Inflation, deflation, and rates of price change are studied by Kahn as she compares the adaptive expectations and rational ex-pectations approaches, using data from the United States in the latter part of the 19th century. The interrelated theme of fixed ver-sus flexible exchange rates is taken up by Zervoudakis in the final study which examines the behavior of the floating dollar-sterling rate from 1919-25.


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Posts tagged 'apple'
Is the iPhone dead? (No, and neither is reading)
"It doesn't matter how good or bad the product is. The fact is that people don't read anymore. Forty percent of the people in the U.S. read one book or less last year." -Steve Jobs on the Amazon Kindle
In his NYTimes 'Outposts' blog, Timothy Egan takes aim at Jobs' assessment, suggesting that any reports on the death of reading are greatly exaggerated.
Egan writes,
Reading is … an engagement of the imagination with life experience. It's fad-resistant, precisely because human beings are hard-wired for story, and intrinsically curious. Reading is not about product…
This year, about 400 million books will be sold in the United States…[H]alf the population bought nearly 6 books a year. If only Apple were so lucky. The latest Harry Potter book sold 9 million copies in its first 24 hours – in English… Apple reported selling a piddling 3.7 million of the much-hyped iPhones through 2007. Is the iPhone dead? Of course not. But what should be dead are foolish statements about how human nature itself has changed because of some new diversion for our thumbs.
Egan's post is spot on and a fun read. Go check it out at: http://egan.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/20/book-lust/index.html


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Community & Living
What makes Loyola different? Our students. Our faculty. Our staff. Together, we make Loyola a great place to study, work, pray, and have fun. We make it a community. We make it a home. Hang out in our Student Complex. Live on campus in our amazing Residence Halls. Create a Safe Space. Explore incredible opportunities downtown with Water Tower Campus Life.
Center for Students
Sponsoring Department: Damen Student Center
Located at the heart of our campuses are the Student Complex - where you can go to relax, study, play pool, watch TV, grab a snack or hang out with friends. You can pick up your U-Pass, get tickets to a wide variety of events, pick up stamps and envelops, and use the fax service. On the Lakeshore Campus (LSC), Centennial Forum (CF) is located right off of the Loyola Red Line stop on the north end of campus. On the Water Tower Campus (WTC), the Terry Student Center is located in Baumhart Residence Hall building and includes 24-hour study lounges and seminar rooms.
Water Tower Campus Life
Sponsoring Departments: Campus Ministry, Residence Life, Damen Student Center
Living on Campus (Residence Life)
Sponsoring Department: Residence Life
From social and interpersonal activities, to cultural and community service opportunities, the residence hall system will give you a chance to become involved and make a host of friends. And you will always be able to count on the friendship and support of our Residence Life staff members who live in the halls.
Loyola Companions
Sponsoring Department: Campus Ministry
The Loyola Companions are peer ministers who reach out to the first year students and welcome them to the Loyola community. As a weekly presence in the residence halls, the Companions strive to build community through leadership in faith and service. Companions are friendly faces who share upcoming campus events, lead students to St. Thomas of Canterbury Soup Kitchen, and take part in retreats, immersions, hospitality events, and liturgies.
Off-Campus Living
Sponsoring Department:
When you are considering living off-campus as a junior or senior, Off-Campus Student Life helps guide you through the entire experience. From understanding how to conduct an effective apartment search to your rights as a tenant to integrating into the local community, Off-Campus Living is there to assist you in the next step of your development.
Safe Spaces & Supportive Places
Sponsoring Department: Campus Ministry, Student Diversity & Multicultural Affairs, Student Conduct & Conflict Resolution, Office of the Dean of Students
Loyola promotes a community of inclusivity and mutual respect informed by our Jesuit Catholic identity. We believe in cura personalis ("care of the whole person"), the dignity and value of every individual, and in our call to be persons for others. We acknowledge and celebrate diversity. We promote honesty, compassion, and respect. We are committed to working toward a more just world. If you need support, we are here. If you desire to work towards building our community, we offer many initiatives to help.