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Descent into madness
Donald Crowhurst perpetuated one of the greatest frauds in sports history in a race to be the first person to circumnavigate nonstop, until it all caught up with him. Now the story is making it to the big screen in The Mercy.
Suddenly, the spotlight shifted to Crowhurst, the unlikely amateur who had apparently come out of nowhere to beat the professionals. The BBC had a crew on standby to record his homecoming and hundreds of thousands of people were expected to throng the seafront at Teignmouth to welcome him home. It was everything Crowhurst dreaded. As one of the winners, his books would come under much closer scrutiny, and indeed there was already some, including race chairman Francis Chichester, who already suspected something wasn't quite right.
In the middle of June, Crowhurst reached the Sargasso Sea and, as the trade winds died and his boat slowed down, he descended into a mental quagmire of his own. It was as if all his previous failures had caught up with him in this one grand final failure, and this time there was no way out, no way of reinventing himself. Instead, he gave up "sailorizing" and resorted to philosophizing instead. Over the course of a week, he wrote a 25,000-word manifesto that described how mankind had achieved such an advanced evolutionary state that it could now merge with the cosmos. All that was needed was "an effort of free will." He ended his journal on July 1 with this desperate appeal:
"I will only resign this game / if you agree that / the next occasion that this / game is played / it will be played / according to the / rules that are devised by / my great god who has / revealed at last to his son / not only the exact nature / of the reason for games but / has also revealed the truth of / the way of the ending of the / next game that / It is finished / It is finished / IT IS THE MERCY."
There then followed a countdown, ending at 11:20:40 precisely. It's not known what happened next, but it's generally assumed Crowhurst jumped over the side of the boat to his death. His empty yacht was found by a passing ship on July 10 with two sets of logbooks on board: real and fake. It was left to Sunday Times journalists Nicholas Tomalin and Ron Hall to piece together what had happened and to reveal to the world Crowhurst's elaborate hoax. With Crowhurst and Tetley both out of the race, Knox-Johnston, on his slow wooden tortoise of a boat, was the only person to finish the race and was duly award both prizes, though he subsequently donated the £5,000 cash prize to Crowhurst's widow.
The Golden Globe race generated enormous public interest at the time, and the discovery of Crowhurst's boat was front page news. It's a fascination that has continued almost unabated to this day. The French film Les Quarantièmes Rugissants, based on the Crowhurst story, was released in 1982, while at least five plays have picked up the theme, as well as the 1998 opera Ravenshead. There have been several books published about Crowhurst and the race more generally, although none of them add anything substantial to the story told by Tomalin and Hall in their 1970 book The Strange Story of Donald Crowhurst. In 2006, the acclaimed documentary Deep Water incorporated contemporary footage of the race, including some shot by Crowhurst during his voyage, and in 2017 director Simon Rumley released his own stylized take on the story, simply called Crowhurst.
The Mercy, then, is only the latest take on the Crowhurst saga, although with Firth and Weisz on board, it is the most high profile. So how does it compare to previous efforts? As you'd expect of such a mainstream movie, the focus is firmly on the psychological drama rather than on the sailing, which is probably just as well considering how often films get the details of sailing wrong. There are some minor technical mistakes—Chichester was not the first person to sail around the world singlehanded, and the prize for the first competitor to finish the race was a trophy, not £5,000—but the sailing scenes are generally quite convincing. More importantly though, The Mercy is a captivating psychological drama, which shows how, through a series of small steps, a person can box themselves into a corner from which there is no escape. It's this humbling of a deluded but essentially well-meaning man that gives the story such resonance and has inspired artists and writers for the past 50 years. For, as anyone who has sailed out of sight of land knows, the sea has a knack of bringing out our inner demons. There is a Crowhurst in us all.
Off the Deep End: A History of Madness at Sea by Nic Compton is published by Adlard Coles. The Mercy is expected to make its U.S. debut in summer.


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Jeanne Kelley is a cookbook author, food stylist, recipe developer, and frequent contributor to such publications as Cooking Light, Fine Cooking, and Everyday with Rachael Ray. She was a contributing editor at Bon Appétit for over 10 years, and trained at Ecole de Cuisine La Varenne in Paris. She is the author of Salad for Dinner, the acclaimed Blue Eggs and Yellow Tomatoes: Recipes from a Modern Kitchen Garden, and Williams Sonoma Holiday Baking. She and her husband, Martin, a landscape designer, and their two daughters, live in Los Angeles along with a flock of chickens, a beehive, a dog, six fruit trees, and a large plot in the community garden down the street.
Q: How has growing your own food changed your cooking style?
A: An abundance of fresh picked produce has simplified the way I cook. Homegrown vegetables picked at their peak are so flavor intensive they don't need much in order to taste delicious – a quick sauté or an easy vinaigrette will usually do the trick. Also, my meals tend to have vegetables as the centerpiece as opposed to meat. I'm not a vegetarian, but when vegetables are really good, you don't want to relegate them to the side of the plate.

subset: commoncrawl


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Resident Evil 2 [1998] - Version Differences
************************************************************************ Resident Evil 2: Version Changes FAQ For the Nintendo GameCube, Sony PlayStation, Nintendo 64 PC, Sega Dreamcast, Tiger game.com Written by: cvxfreak Copyright 2002-2011 by cvxfreak Version 3.1 February 11, 2011 E-mail: cvxguides[at]gmail[dot]com ************************************************************************ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table of Contents ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Introduction 2. Version Updates 3. Resident Evil 2 4. Original PlayStation Version 5. PlayStation Version (Dual Shock) 6. Nintendo 64 Version 7. Dreamcast Version 8. PC Version 9. GameCube Version 10. Game.com Version 11. Comparison of Versions 12. Frequently Asked Questions 13. Future of Resident Evil 14. Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Resident Evil is the survival horror series by Capcom. Launched in 1996 for the original PlayStation, the series quickly became Capcom's most popular series, spanning multiple games on multiple systems from the original PlayStation to the Nintendo GameCube. The second game in the series, Resident Evil 2, was originally released on the PlayStation in 1998, and its popularity surpassed the original's thanks to the presence of ports on many subsequent platforms. Specifically, two versions exist on the PlayStation, two on Windows PCs, and one each on the Sega Dreamcast, Nintendo 64 and Nintendo GameCube. No two versions are exactly the same, as there are some differences in all of them. In a way, there is no definitive version of Resident Evil 2; which version is the best is down to personal preference. However, this FAQ will help outline the differences between versions to help the reader make a choice. The most up-to-date version of this FAQ may be found at www.gamefaqs.com and its sister websites. If you have a question that hasn't been answered in this FAQ that is related to Resident Evil 2, please e-mail me at fireemblempride[at]gmail[dot]com. I will try to answer your questions as soon as possible. This FAQ is copyright 2002-2007 by cvxfreak, however Capcom holds all rights to the Resident Evil brand that I do not own. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. Version Updates ------------------------------------------------------------------------ February 12, 2011 Version 3.1 Updated my e-mail address and added any information missing from the previous version. May 14, 2007 Version 3.0 I remade the FAQ to reflect better writing skills, improved formatting, more up-to-date information and more accurate information. I've also changed my e-mail address since 2003, so this FAQ sorely needed an update. Enjoy it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Resident Evil 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Resident Evil goes by the name "Biohazard" in Japan. Whenever this guide mentions Resident Evil, it is referring to the games as released in North America. Biohazard refers to versions released in Japan. Usually, they are identical, but occasionally there are differences. Resident Evil 2 is the second installment of the Resident Evil saga. It features Claire Redfield, who is searching for her missing brother and Leon S. Kennedy, a cop who happened to stumble onto Raccoon City during the T-Virus outbreak, on his first day on the RPD force. Together they investigate the origins of the viral outbreak, meet friends and enemies, and slay zombies, while avoiding some of the more sinister creatures roaming around Raccoon City. Here is a timeline of a majority of Resident Evil 2 versions released so far: 1997 ---- - Trial Version is released with Biohazard: Director's Cut. [JPN] - Trial Version is released with Resident Evil: Director's Cut. [NA] 1998 ---- - Biohazard 2 is released for the PlayStation. [JPN] - Biohazard 2 Dual Shock Version is released for the PlayStation. [JPN] - Resident Evil 2 is released for the PlayStation. [NA] - Resident Evil 2 Dual Shock Version is released for the PlayStation. [NA] 1999 ---- - Resident Evil 2 Platinum is released for the PC. [NA] - Resident Evil 2 is released for the Nintendo 64. [NA] - Biohazard 2 Value Plus is released for the Dreamcast. [JPN] 2000 ---- - Biohazard 2 is released for the Nintendo 64. [JPN] - Resident Evil 2 is released for the Dreamcast. [NA] 2003 ---- - Biohazard 2 is released for the Nintendo GameCube. [JPN] - Resident Evil 2 is released for the Nintendo GameCube. [NA] 2006 ---- - Biohazard 2 PC is released for Windows PCs. [JPN] 2007 ---- - Biohazard 2 is released for the PlayStation Network, which allows the game to be played on a PlayStation 3 or PlayStation Portable handheld (PSP). [JPN] 2009 ---- - Resident Evil 2 Dual Shock Version is released for the PlayStation Network, which allows the game to be played on a PlayStation 3 or PlayStation Portable handheld (PSP). [JPN] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4. Original PlayStation Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This is the very first Resident Evil 2 to be released. It was incomplete in terms of what the other versions had to offer. It came on two CD-ROMs. For comparisons on content, please view the appropriate section below. The Japanese version of this game is also downloadable on the PlayStation Network, allowing it to be played on a PlayStation 3 or PlayStation Portable (PSP) without the actual game disc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. PlayStation Version (Dual Shock) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This version was a re-release for the PlayStation in the same year (1998). It added support for Sony's Dual Shock controller, allowing the game rumble feedback and analog stick control movement. As an extra, the Dual Shock Version contained the new Extreme Battle minigame. This version also came on two CD-ROMs. The North American version of this game is also downloadable on the PlayStation Network, allowing it to be played on a PlayStation 3 or PlayStation Portable (PSP) without the actual game disc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Nintendo 64 Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Nintendo 64 version was released in North America in late 1999 and in Japan in January 2000. This port had some drastic changes: Graphics -------- Using an N64 Expansion Pak, the increased RAM capacity allowed for the graphics to be displayed at a higher resolution than the PlayStation original. Without the Expansion Pak, the game looked closer to the original PlayStation version, although it still looked a bit better. Audio ----- The Nintendo 64's sound capabilities are obviously below that of the PlayStation due to the capacity of the Nintendo 64's cartridges. In order to cram all the data of Resident Evil 2 onto the Nintendo 64, tons of data compression techniques were employed to reduce the game's overall data size. The audio suffered as a result, as it sounds muffled compared to the other versions. CG -- Almost all CG made it to the Nintendo 64 version with the exception of Ada's cutscene with Annette, which was replaced with Claire's in Leon's adventure to save space (the developers were probably hoping that no one would notice!). All CG cutscenes are noticeably compressed and less detailed, but are still largely intact, which ended up being quite a milestone for the Nintendo 64, a system that rarely used CG cutscenes. Extra Features -------------- The Nintendo 64 version allowed, after a scenario was beaten, for an item randomizer (non-quest items such as keys would not change location, only items such as ammo and health), a violence control meter (to adjust the amount of blood and gore displayed), a blood color option (change the blood from red to blue, black, green etc.) and the Ex Files, a series of files that ties Nintendo 64-only Resident Evil owners to non- Nintendo 64 versions of the series such as Zero (after it was moved to GameCube), Nemesis and CODE: Veronica. One Cartridge ------------- The game comes on one cartridge, and either Claire or Leon's scenarios may be chosen from the main menu when selecting "New Game" or "Load Game." ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Dreamcast Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Dreamcast version was released in 1999 in Japan under the name "Biohazard 2 Value Plus." It was almost exactly the same as the PC port in terms of content. VMU Extras ---------- The Dreamcast's VMU screen was utilized to provide ammo and health information without having to go into the item screen. Biohazard CODE: Veronica Trial Edition (Japan) ---------------------------------------------- The Japanese version contained a trial version of Biohazard CODE: Veronica as well as music tracks from prior Biohazard games (orchestral, game-ripped, drama.) This extra disc was not included in the North American or PAL region versions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. PC Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The PC version was an upgraded port of the PlayStation Dual Shock Version. It ran on Windows 98 PCs, and contained all the mini games from the Dual Shock Version, unlocked from the beginning (4th Survivor, the Tofu Survivor and the Extreme Battle). It came on two CD-ROMs. In 2006 in Japan, an upgraded, Windows XP-compatible version was released in Japan. It came on a single DVD with uncompressed CG cutscenes, and with Leon and Claire's games combined into one story, but it was otherwise unchanged from the previous PC port. The official title of this release is "Biohazard 2 PC". Thanks to "renvi" at the NeoGAF forums for impressions on the 2006 PC upgrade. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9. GameCube Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Here is all the information on Resident Evil 2 for the Nintendo GameCube. In general, the GameCube version is ported directly from the PlayStation Dual Shock Version with some minor changes. In-game cutscenes may now be skipped ------------------------------------ After neglecting to add this feature in previous ports, the GameCube finally allows for both CG and in-game cut-scenes to be skipped by pressing the Start Button. This allows the game to progress much faster than ever before. The Resident Evil/Biohazard voice in the Title Screen is different ------------------------------------------------------------------ The developers have replaced the "Resident Evil" / "Biohazard" voices in the GameCube port with new ones that sound very different from all other versions. The graphics are marginally improved ------------------------------------- The character models are no longer displaying PlayStation-like angled joints or blurry visuals. The overall game looks slightly cleaner than the PlayStation versions. However, the background resolution is still lower than the Dreamcast version. No Nintendo 64 extras --------------------- It's somewhat ironic, but the N64 version extras did not make it to the GameCube port. It's ironic because the N64 version had the Ex Files that would have provided a link to the rest of the GameCube series, especially Biohazard 0, but Capcom (or Tose) clearly did not want to or have the means of reincorporating those extras into what was supposed to be a PlayStation port. One Minidisc ------------ Unlike the PlayStation and Dreamcast versions, the GameCube version comes on a single minidisc. However, the way in which shifting between Claire and Leon's games is different from the Nintendo 64 version, which was also on one media. The game is split into two parts; the introduction, randomly chosen between Leon and Claire, plays and then a screen is prompted, with the options "Leon's Story" and "Claire's Story". Pick one and the title screen will appear with the Leon's Story/Claire's Story subtitle below the main logo (if you played the Dual Shock Version, the Leon's Story/Claire's Story subtitle will be in the same position). From the Load Game Screen, you can only load a save file of the scenario of the character you chose; you'll have to switch to the other story from the menu screen and use that story's Load Game menu. Control Options --------------- The game controls exactly the same as the other games in the series (remake, Zero, 3, CODE: Veronica). Exclusive to this version and to the GameCube platform is Type C control. Sound Quality ------------- The sound quality is about the same as all the other versions, with no notable differences. Availability ------------ There might be new copies of the GameCube around as of 2011, but expect to pay quite a bit of money to get one. B Ending Credits ---------------- Another exclusive to the GameCube version is the playback of CG cutscenes from the given character's game during the B game credits. The ending music is the same, as are the actual credits. Wii Compatibility ----------------- Like all GameCube titles, Resident Evil 2 on the GameCube will function perfectly on a Nintendo Wii, provided you have a GameCube controller and Memory Card to go with it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. Game.com Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Game.com version of Resident Evil 2 only covers Leon's A scenario, and features the general scenario, but with graphics akin to that of the original version. This game isn't impossible to find, but most will find playing it a frustrating, worthless experience. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11. Comparison of Versions ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Here is a chart that compares the various versions of Resident Evil 2, broken down by feature: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Feature | PS1 | Dual Shock | DC | GC | N64 | PC | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Blood Color | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Ex Files | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Extreme Battle Mode | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | EBM Default-Unlocked | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Character Art | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Violence Control | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Arrange Mode | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Media Type | CD | CD | GD | MD | ROM |CD/DVD| ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Number of Discs/Carts | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2/1 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Memory Card/VMU Needed | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12. Frequently Asked Questions ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q: Which is the best version? ----------------------------- A: In general, any version is fine to play, given how old the game is. Q: What are the differences? ---------------------------- A: Please refer to the above sections for the differences. Q: Which version has the best graphics? --------------------------------------- A: The PC and Dreamcast versions look slightly better than the other ports. In 2011, that hardly matters, but it's still notable. Q: When did the GameCube version come out? ------------------------------------------ A: It was released on January 12, 2003. Q: Which version was the GameCube version be ported from? --------------------------------------------------------- A: With minor changes, it was ported from the PlayStation Dual Shock Version. Q: Why were all these different versions released? -------------------------------------------------- A: While first associated with the PlayStation, the Resident Evil series has always been a multiplatform series. Since the release of the Saturn port of the original in 1997, Capcom sought to bring the series to all possible platforms and maximize sales. Resident Evil 2 in particular was actually meant to come to the Saturn, but it couldn't quite handle the game and live long enough to host it. The Nintendo 64 received a port to coincide with the then-planned Resident Evil Zero; the Dreamcast received a port to go along with CODE: Veronica; the GameCube received a port to have the complete main series on the GameCube. The Dual Shock Version was released to take advantage of Sony's Dual Shock controller. Q: Which version is your favorite? ---------------------------------- A: The GameCube version seems, overall, the best rounded. While the Dreamcast version has more features, its controller is quite difficult to play Resident Evil 2 with; the Nintendo 64's audio shortcomings also are a distraction, and the PlayStation versions were made irrelevant with the GameCube port. Q: Which version is the cheapest? --------------------------------- A: The prices change once in awhile, but the PlayStation Network version is the least expensive version while being the easiest to purchase. Q: Why didn't they remake Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3? -------------------------------------------------------------- A: The original Resident Evil was remade because it was lacking in plot details that were crucial to tying it with other games in the series. These details included the Lisa Trevor plotline and Albert Wesker's survival. Resident Evil 2 and especially Resident Evil 3: Nemesis are not particularly lacking in the plot front, so remakes for those are not as necessary. They might happen one day, and there are reimagined versions in Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles (RE3) and Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles (RE2), but as of right now, nothing has been released or hinted at. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13. Future of Resident Evil ------------------------------------------------------------------------ As of February 12, 2011, the upcoming games in the Biohazard series are for Nintendo's new 3DS handheld system, which will receive Biohazard: The Mercenaries 3D and Biohazard Revelations. Visit your favorite gaming news website for the latest up to date information (such as "Biohaze" http://www.biohaze.com). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14. Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Thank you for reading this guide. It was a pleasure writing it for you. Please visit my GameFAQs Contributor Recognition page: http://www.gamefaqs.com/features/recognition/9035.html I'd live to give thanks to: - Friends and family - renvi for information on the 2006 PC port - Capcom for creating the Resident Evil series cvxfreak cvxguides[at]gmail[dot]com


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The '38 Special: 1938 Chevy Pickup Buggy
The Ultimate Rock Rod
John Galbreath wanted something new. He's had Jeeps, buggies, and trucks, but he wanted a new ride for running trails around his home in Alabama. While visiting various car shows he realized that whatever he had next would be narrow in the front and rear, so why not start with something made that way? That's where the idea came from to build a rock rod version of a '38 Chevy truck.
Some folks have skills, and some folks have bills. John realized he could spend it better than he could bend it, so he hired Adam Woodley and his crew of metal-bending maniacs over at Wide Open Design in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, to whip up this wild ride. Woodley and crew have been building some of the coolest tube cars to come out of the Southeast recently, and John gave him the reins over his latest trail truck. In fact, John only went to Wide Open two or three times during the entire build, and that was to measure for seats and steering wheel placement. The rest of the time was email updates and simply letting Woodley run with the design.
The final product is really an eye catcher and, as such, will be spending a year on the local show circuit. It has already earned Best 4x4 and Best Engineered at Birmingham's World of Wheels car show. But don't expect this old truck to live its life under a car cover and California duster. John has every intention of putting purple paint on some of the harder trails in the Southeast. It's the first scratch that will hurt; the second will be fun.
Special thanks to Mountainside Off Road Park (www.mountainsideoffroadpark.com) in Gadsden, Alabama, for opening its gates for our photo shoot.
Tech Specs
1938 Chevy Pickup Buggy Drivetrain
- Engine: Mast Motorsports LY6 6.0L V-8
- Transmission: TH 350
- Transfer case: Atlas 4.3
- Front Axle: Dana 60 Chevy, ARB Air Locker, CTM U-joints, Yukon Chromoly shafts, 38-Special diff covers, 4.56 gears
- Rear Axle: Dynatrac ProRock-60, ARB Air Locker, CTM U-joints, Yukon Chromoly shafts, 38-Special diff covers, 4.56 gears
- Springs & Such: Front four-link with 1.25 rod ends, 7075 aluminum links, and 14-inch Fox coilover shocks. Rear four-link with 1.25 rod ends, 7075 aluminum links, and 16-inch Fox coilover shocks
- Tires & Wheels: 39-inch Red Label BFGoodrich Krawlers on 17x9 Walker Evans racing wheels
- Steering: Fully hydraulic double-ended rams front and rear
- Other Stuff: Custom everything, Corbeau seats, CNC brakes, RacePak digital gauges, four underbelly trail cameras, Warn RC winch


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I don't think Jessica is still taking requests, but there is a thread in the backer subforum for crest help.
Thanks opifex & Ratatoskr! I'll head over there to see if I can get any help.
Here I made another try, a beardy helmet
I'm starting to understand how to make things not too bad (subjective isn't it ?) without resorting to simple tracing over stuff.
Leaning towards horn+shield chicken in my profile. My drawing style does not really mesh well with the hard black/white requirements and need to avoid detail, so this has been a good exercise.
Question on the no text thing - what if it's a) hand-done, and/or b) appropriately stylized? I have a few broad-nib pens and calligraphic brushes that I wouldn't mind breaking out for a sweet little blackletter-style crest.
Well I cant post it on here, but you can look at my avatar.
Last edited by GorillaGrod; 05-02-2012 at 02:04 PM.
Mine's my avatar. Not particularly Norse, but I like it.
I made this banner with the intent to depict the world serpent and son of Loki, Jörmungandr, holding on to his tail as he encircles the world tree, Yggdrasil. I enjoyed making it very simple and iconic.
Mine is based on Fenrir, a son of Loki, and foretold to kill Zeus during Ragnarok. This is his dapper version
Fenrir feeling like a sir by bast_imret, on Flickr
And his regular version
Regular Fenrir by bast_imret, on Flickr
I'm also going to investigate a crest based on my last name, as I believe it has some roots in that region.
Last edited by bast_imret; 05-02-2012 at 08:08 PM.
Didn't realize that the avatar and profile pictures where separate...
I've got four currently, going to use the one from jessica in the game though.
Got this one from Jessica.
Last edited by lamaz; 05-08-2012 at 08:11 PM.
Last edited by Troll; 05-03-2012 at 08:13 AM.
Thanks! I initially went for some stylized landscapes but felt that this had more soul
bast, I really like the sun eating aspect of your Fenrir.


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bomb(redirected from Explosive devices)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical.
(1) An archaic name for an artillery projectile. In smoothbore artillery the term "bomb" or "grenade" refers to a projectile consisting of a spherical, hollow, castiron body, a black powder charge, and a wooden tube with a compressed powder compound. The bomb charge would explode after the time train was ignited. From the 19th century in Russian artillery, projectiles with a mass of more than 1 pood (16 kg) were called bombs. This term was kept for high explosive shells in rifled artillery of calibers of 122 mm and higher. In the beginning of the 1930's the term "bomb" was dropped from artillery terminology.
(2) Aerial bombs, one of the types of aviation ammunition.
(3) A projectile for destroying submarines underwater.
What does it mean when you dream about a bomb?
A bomb is quite an attention-getter if it goes off in a dream. Perhaps a situation is becoming too explosive and the dreamer needs to tread carefully to avoid "land mines." Alternatively, perhaps the dreamer is so tightly wound because of some situation that he or she feels ready to explode.


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Fundraising (16)
Fraktal Productions & Butter Music Brazil present
with very special guest
JENÖ (Wicked SF)
Marjo Lak (Fraktal/Butter Music/DGS)
Mr. 415 (Deep Groove Society)
TIGRE & Copperton3
Visuals by Pineapsys
Fine libations provided by KMUD
Friday, March 25th
Mateel Community Center
All ages
More about Jeno
Fueled by an enigmatic mystique, Jenö has remained one of San Francisco's most beloved and sought after DJs for over two decades. Developing a passionate love for music from an early age he spent several years as a punk musician & songwriter, before discovering djing and falling into the vibrant London warehouse party scene of the mid 80s. Once Acid House fever hit the UK, Jenö never looked back, becoming known for his heady Whoosh parties, and his involvement in the early days of the notorious Tonka Sound System.
Inspired by Tonka's cheeky f**k the rules attitude, and in search of a more psychedelic groove, Jenö, along with his British cohorts Garth, Markie & Thomas headed to San Francisco in the early 90s. This was the beginning of the now world renowned Wicked Crew, who were instrumental in firing up the SF dance music scene with their now legendary "Full Moon" parties. These wild & free outdoor gatherings were the foundation for an eclectic and soulful underground dance scene, and the driving force of the growing rave community on the West Coast.
By the mid 90s, Jenö's musical talents and commitment to the dance floor had helped inspire and define a new "San Francisco sound," bringing international attention to the city's burgeoning dance music scene. With all eyes on San Francisco, DMC sought out Jenö's talents for a mix on their prestigious CD series "United DJs of America." Joining the ranks of legends Frankie Knuckles, David Morales, Little Louie Vega and Doc Martin, he put together a mix of fresh local music and classic house sounds that helped put San Francisco firmly on the dance music map.
In 1995, he and the Wicked Crew took things to the next level, importing a custom made Tony Andrews designed Turbosound system from the UK. With Wicked very much in demand there was nothing else to do but hit the road, piling into a beautifully restored 1947 Grayhound bus with their own band of merry pranksters, delivering their soulful psychedelic sounds with a rock'n'roll attitude that took the U.S by storm. The touring continued through the late 90s, including some unforgettable stops at Burning Man, Reggae on the River, and even a Jane's Addiction concert in 2001.
As the new millennium approached, Jenö took his talents to the studio and began producing his own unique take on dance music. He met all expectations with several remixes on fellow Wicked DJ Garth's Greyhound label, including the internationally acclaimed "Stormy Weather" remix of Rocket's "People." This was followed by remixes on Cheeky, Turnaround Sound, NRK & others. Jenö's production talents aren't limited to the dance floor, having worked on some dark brooding indie music in recent years, and currently producing live acid house for his monthly "Cult of the Acid House" party.
In 2004, Wicked disbanded after 13 years of amazing collaboration. Undeterred, Jenö and Garth have kept the spirit alive with their regular Back2Back appearances up and down the West Coast; a fun loving and boundary pushing musical romp through the last 40 years of dance music. In 2011, Wicked reformed with a "Twenty Years of Disco Glory," reunion tour encompassing 13 cities across the country. The success of the tour has put a vital missing piece back into the global dance community.
Jenö's mythical mixing talents have translated far and wide with a diverse international cult following. He has demonstrated these talents on the decks in the premier clubs across the globe, including the legendary Twilo in NYC, The End, Fabric & Ministry of Sound in London, Unit in Tokyo and the Rex Club in Paris. Jenö continues to perform & present music with a unique and psychedelic perspective, djing regularly again across the US, as well as hosting his own musically mischievous cult radio show – Noise from the Void, broadcast bi-monthly with the changing cycle from Full Moon & New Moon.
Live Set:
Set from NoiseFromTheVoid radio show:
Interview of Jenö for Test Pressing:
NoiseFromTheVoid Podcast:
Social Media
KMUD has teamed up with the Center for Car Donations to provide a way for supporters to donate an unwanted vehicle, raise funds for Redwood Community Radio, and get a tax receipt for their donation.
It's simple, too. All you have to do is call 877-411-DONATE, (877-411-3662) to see if your vehicle qualifies. You may also use the handy online form below, and you'll be contacted within 24 hours.
Tax receipts are for the year in which the car was donated. Donations can be made any time. More information is available by calling 877-411-DONATE.
Read the Frequently Asked Questions
Use this form to donate your vehicle, or call 877-411-3662.
Frequently Asked Questions about the Vehicle Donation Program
Does my car have to be running?
Not always. It does have to have an engine and be towable. It varies from state to state and depends upon the year, make, and model of the vehicle. Sometimes if the cost to transport a vehicle will cost more than what it will bring at auction, it may be declined. Call our toll free line to find out if your vehicle qualifies.
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What if I lost the title?
You must obtain the title prior to donating it. Contact your local DMV to obtain a duplicate title.
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Our driver will instruct you of the proper place to sign your title. You may have to sign a power of attorney authorizing us to transfer it. Our driver will let you know what is required or call our toll free number, 877-411-DONATE (3662) to speak our representative.
What kind of paperwork will I receive?
You will receive a tow receipt when the vehicle is picked up. Thirty days after the vehicle is sold, you will receive an acknowledgement. If your vehicle sells for OVER $500 you will receive IRS Form 1098 B & C.
How much can I take for my donation?
Effective 2005, if the value of the vehicle is over $500, the taxpayer is limited to deduct the amount for which the vehicle sold. In such a case you will receive a Form 1098 B & C within 30 days of sale. If the vehicle sells for under $500 you will not receive IRS forms as you are not required to file them for vehicle donations up to $500. Please consult your tax advisor to determine your benefit or for additional information, visit the IRS website at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/n-05-44.pdf .
What will happen to my vehicle?
Your vehicle will be picked up by one of our courteous drivers and sold at auction. Cars are usually sold within 30 days of pick up. Some vehicles may take longer.
Is there a tow fee?
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Are all cars sold at auction?
No. Occasionally, cars that are donated do not sell at auction. In those cases, the vehicles are sold for scrap metal.
Will I be notified when it sells?
Yes. If the vehicle sells for over $500 you will receive IRS Form 1098 B & C. If not, you will simply receive an acknowledgement as required by the IRS.
How soon can my vehicle be picked up?
Vehicles are picked up at a time that is convenient for you. Our representative will take all pertinent information regarding your donation, and forward it to our tow company. They will call you within 24 hours to set up an appointment. If you have not been called within 24 hours, please call 877-411-3662.
What vehicles do you accept?
We take cars, boats (if they are on a trailer), motor homes, trucks, motorcycles (if they are operational), farm equipment, and recreational vehicles such as snowmobiles, jet ski, etc.) Call our representative to find out if your vehicle qualifies.
Why Donate?
There are several great reasons, like:
1. You don't want to worry about selling your vehicle.
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4. You need a tax write-off.
But the most important reason is that your donation will help us continue to bring you the radio programs you love and depend on!
photo by Simon Frech


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Sony has announced the hardware specs for the PS Vita, the upcoming successor to the company's handheld PSP, and the details (see below) have confirmed most fans' hopes instead of their fears.
The heart of the system is an ARM-developed Cortex A9 chip with four cores and a PowerVR SGX GPU. The screen, as was seen at E3, is a 5-inch OLED capacitive touch-screen capable of multi-touch and a resolution of 960 x 544.
The system will include 512MB of RAM and an additional 128MB of discrete VRAM. There will be front and rear cameras capable of 60fps at VGA resolution (640 x 480).
On the wireless side, the system ships with 802.11 b/g/n wireless networking, Bluetooth 2.1+EDR (which supports headsets and Bluetooth stereo), and an optional 3G radio, which will be sold as part of a separate model. There will also be ports for game cards, memory cards, SIM cards (on the 3G-equipped models), and a "multi-use" port supporting DC power input, USB, audio input and serial data.
The hardware will allow for some compelling features that will be available to all PS Vita users. Four of them were described at the Develop Conference back in late July. Phil Rogers, Sony Europe's manager of R&D, explained at the conference (which was attended by Eurogamer) that the Near system will work just like the Nintendo 3DS Streetpass, allowing users to anonymously exchange content even while systems are sleeping.
The Party mode is analogous to the same feature in Xbox Live and allows for users to maintain voice chat across games. LiveArea is a dynamic content box on the home menus that allow developers to send advertising material to players, such as announcements for new DLC. Lastly, the Activity feed shows friends' recent achievements and Trophies, allowing players to leave feedback "similar to Facebook-style."
What's more, the system will ship with four social media apps integrated: Facebook, foursquare, Skype and Twitter.
via Sony's official PlayStation Blog
Blake's Opinion
It's little surprise that the Vita's final specs are making the hardware nerds happy. Sony proved with the PS3 and PSP that it can make hardware that ages elegantly. When the Vita was unveiled at E3, the graphical capabilities and network connectivity wowed the audience. The competitive price point, $250, put gamers over the top.
In the meantime, the investment community believes the fat lady has sung on the Nintendo 3DS and, by association, the Vita. While $250 is a steep price to pay for a separate gaming device, especially compared to a subsidized $200 iPhone that also plays games, Sony may have made a device that can outlive several generations of iOS devices.
Full specs list for the PS Vita:
- CPU – ARM Cortex A9 core (4 core)
- Screen – 5 inches, 960 x 544 (16:9), Approx. 16 million colors, OLED Multi touch screen, capacitive
- Memory – 512MB
- Cameras – Front 120fps@320×240(QVGA), 60fps@640×480(VGA)
- Rear – Up to 640×480(VGA)
- Communications:
- 3G (On 3G model only)
- 802.11b/g/n
- Bluetooth 2.1+EDR (A2DP/AVRCP/HSP)
- Ports – Vita slot, memory card, SIM (3G model only), multi-use port, audio, serial data, headset jack, accessory port
- Dimensions – 182.0 x 18.6 x 83.5mm WHD
Supported formats –
- Music – MP3 MPEG-1/2 Audio Layer 3, MP4 (MPEG-4 AAC), WAVE (Linear PCM)
- Videos – MPEG-4 Simple Profile (AAC), H.264/MPEG-4 AVC High/Main/Baseline Profile (AAC)
- Photos – JPEG (Exif 2.2.1), TIFF, BMP, GIF, PNG


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|Biographical Information
|Other names
|Lord of Moria
|Physical Description
|Images of Balin
|By Ardamir. (Help; more articles)
Balin was a Dwarven leader, the son of Fundin and elder brother of Dwalin. He was one of the Dwarves that travelled with Bilbo Baggins and Gandalf to reclaim Erebor.
Early Life
Balin was born in T.A. 2763, the son of Fundin. When he was seven years old, Smaug came to the Lonely Mountain. After the Dwarves were driven out at great loss in T.A. 2770, Balin and his father Fundin lived with their king Thrór in Dunland. His brother Dwalin was born two years later.[1]
Fundin fought in the War of the Dwarves and Orcs, and fell in the Battle of Azanulbizar. His body was burned.[1][note 1] After the war, the Dwarves returned to their homes. The war was won, but dearly bought. The Longbeards under Thráin II at first returned to their forges in Dunland, but they moved into Eriador shortly after, and colonized the Blue Mountains.
Thráin longed to return to Erebor, and with Balin and Dwalin and a few others he went on an expedition to their ancient hall. Sauron had them in his sights, eager to take the Ring of Thrór from the exiled king. Wolves, orcs and evil birds harassed the small company as they came east. One night, as they had crossed the Anduin, an evil rain forced them into the eaves of Mirkwood, and the company was split. Thráin was never seen again, and Balin and Dwalin returned to the Blue Mountains to report the news to Thorin, the new king of Durin's line.[1]
Quest of Erebor
Thorin was eager to retake Erebor, and Balin joined him. The second eldest of the group, Balin often stood look-out.[2] Originally not very fond of Bilbo, he grew to appreciate him over time,[3] especially after Bilbo managed to elude his watch and pop up right under his nose after the group escaped the Misty Mountains.[4]
At Erebor, Balin accompanied Bilbo down the secret passage, and later showed him the Ravenhill.[5] Balin fought valiantly in the Battle of Five Armies, and survived to great glory. Some years later, Balin accompanied Gandalf to visit Bilbo and informed him of the prosperity of Erebor and Dale.[6]
Expedition to Moria and His Death
Though the riches of Erebor made the Dwarves prosperous again, there were many who longed to return to Moria. Dain Ironfoot counseled against it, but Balin mounted an expedition in T.A. 2989. [7] They hoped to regain the treasures, and Balin had also hoped to find the Ring of Thrór, which was assumed to be lost when Thrór entered the Gates years before.[8]
Together with Flói, Óin, Ori, Frár, Lóni, Náli and many other Dwarves, Balin entered Dimrill Dale. After a short battle in which Flói and several others were killed, the group entered the Great Gate. They stayed in the Twenty-First Hall, and Balin set up his throne in the Chamber of Mazarbul. He proclaimed himself Lord of Moria.[9]
For five years the colony thrived. They managed to find many old treasures, mithril, and armories. But on 10 November T.A. 2994, Balin was caught unawares outside the gates. As he went to look in Mirrormere, an orc archer fatally shot him. Balin's body was placed in a tomb in the Chamber of Mazarbul.[9]
But the archer was just the van of the orcs. An onslaught of orcs came up the Silverlode, and the surviving Dwarves had to bar themselves in. Óin led a group west, hoping to escape through the Doors of Durin, but the Watcher in the Water killed him. The Dwarves were locked in. After a fierce battle in the halls, the orcs were victorious; the colony was completely wiped out.[9]
Glóin and his son Gimli were sent to Rivendell to seek news about the colony. Gimli eventually learned of their fate when he crossed the dwarven realm with the Company of the Ring. He would report it to Dain later.[9]
Though most names from the Dwarves in The Hobbit come from the Völuspá, Balin is not one of them. The name rhymes with Dwalin, but has no apparent meaning.[10]
Jim Allan has suggested that Balin may be derived from Old Norse bál ("fire"), thus meaning "Burning-one". Allan also links the name to Le Morte d'Arthur, which includes a character named Balyn (spelled Balin in some editions) and to a Beli of The Mabinogion.[11][note 2]
Other versions of the Legendarium
In the earliest drafts of The Lord of the Rings, Balin had a son named Burin (or Frár). Burin accompanied Glóin to the Council of Elrond, and became part of the Fellowship of the Ring. The character was changed to Gimli, son of Glóin in the final version.[12]
Portrayal in Adaptations
- Balin The Hobbit 1977.png
- Balin David T. Wenzel's The Hobbit.png
- Balinstomb.jpg
- Balins tomb viv fotr.png
1966: The Hobbit (1966 film):
- Balin is omitted. Thorin Oakenshield only travels with an unnamed guard and the princess of Dale.[13]
1968: The Hobbit (1968 radio series):
- Balin is played by Peter Pratt.[14]
1977: The Hobbit (1977 film):
- Balin's voice is provided by Don Messick. It is unknown if he survived the Battle of Five Armies, as only six of the original survive (with Thorin and Bombur among the casualties and Óin and Glóin amongst the survivors).[15]
1979: The Hobbit (1979 radio series):
- Balin is played an uncredited actor.
1982: The Hobbit (1982 video game):
- Balin is omitted; Thorin is the only companion of the player, Bilbo Baggins.[16]
1989: The Hobbit (comic book):
- Balin is portrayed white-haired and quite old; he looks distinctly older than his brother Dwalin, whose hair is still a very dark grey. His role is unchanged from the book; he is the lookout, and visits Bilbo in the epilogue.
2001: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring:
- Balin is mentioned by Gimli as the King of Moria, and his tomb is seen in Moria.[17] No mention is made about the past of Moria and his expedition, and Gimli seems confident he is still alive.[18]
2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game):
- Balin's Tomb is visited between the levels "2nd Hall" and "Abyss Fight". It is a block of stone, raised from the ground by four ornamental legs.
2003: The Hobbit (2003 video game):
- No actor is credited for the role of Balin. He is one of the older dwarves, and has a long white beard. He is the team's lookout.[19]
2004: The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth:
- Balin's Tomb is one of the objectives of the first act in the Good Campaign. Several groups of orcs, as well as three trolls, have to be fought off before a break in the wall allows access to the next hall and the Bridge.[20]
2011: The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest:
- Balin's Tomb is featured in Moria.
2012-3: The Hobbit films:
See also
House of Durin
Last held by:
Náin I, 1008 years earlier
|King of Khazad-dûm
Durin VII, in the Fourth Age
- ↑ No information is given about Balin's involvement in the war. In a note considered for inclusion in Appendix A published in The Peoples of Middle-earth, Tolkien stated that Dwarves would be of fighting age around thirty. Balin was 30 at the start and 36 at the end of the war, so it is conceivable that he participated.
- ↑ It is known that Tolkien worked on editions of both Le Morte d'Arthur and The Mabinogion; cf. The Fall of Arthur and Pwyll Prince of Dyved, respectively.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "Durin's Folk"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "Roast Mutton"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "Barrels Out of Bond"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "Flies and Spiders"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "Inside Information"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "The Return Journey"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "Many Meetings"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Council of Elrond"
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Bridge of Khazad-dûm"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Douglas A. Anderson, (ed.), (2002) The Annotated Hobbit: Revised and Expanded Edition, "Roast Mutton", note 20
- ↑ Jim Allan, "Giving of Names", in An Introduction to Elvish, p. 223
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Return of the Shadow, "The Story Continued: XXIII. In the House of Elrond"
- ↑ "The Hobbit.mp4" dated 5 January 2012, YouTube (accessed 10 January 2012)
- ↑ Radio Times, Volume 180, No. 1968, September 26, 1968
- ↑ The Hobbit (1977 film), "Farewell, Thorin"
- ↑ ZX Computing, 8304 (April/May 1983), p. 76 (accessed 24 March 2011)
- ↑ The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (Extended Edition) , "Balin's Tomb"
- ↑ The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (Extended Edition) , "Moria"
- ↑ The Hobbit (2003 video game), "Roast Mutton"
- ↑ The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth, "Moria"
- ↑ Peter Jackson, "Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit" dated 20 March 2011, Facebook (accessed 23 December 2011)
|Members of Thorin and Company
|Thorin · Balin · Dwalin · Fíli · Kíli · Dori · Nori · Ori · Óin · Glóin · Bifur · Bofur · Bombur · Gandalf · Bilbo Baggins


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The most important step in weight loss surgery is getting all of the information you need about the various surgical options. Ultimately your surgeon and other physicians are your best resource for information about the procedure they will recommend to you. When you ask a question, make sure you understand the answer. Do not hesitate to ask for a clearer explanation given in simpler language. The decision to have a weight loss surgical procedure may take several visits to their office and consultation with more than one doctor. Ask your doctor for names of other patients who have had similar procedures and who are willing to discuss their experiences, good and bad, with you.
You may choose to research weight loss surgery on your own via the Internet or through your local library. As with any search for medical information, be sure that your sources are responsible recognized experts in the field you are investigating. An excellent resource for weight loss surgery is the American Society for Bariatric Surgery.
Although the results of weight loss surgery can be drastic, there are potential risks and complications. Before making your decision, you should be well informed. These steps are necessary if you are to give what is called "informed consent" for the procedure. Informed consent is a legal term meaning that a patient agrees that they have received and understood enough information about a procedure's benefits and risks to allow them to make a decision that is right for them. Your surgeon will require you to sign a consent form before performing your procedure. Before you sign a consent form, you should have a solid understanding of what is about to take place. You should know what you would need to do to live well after the operation. And you should be aware of the signs or symptoms of complications to look for which may occur after your surgery.


text:
Minutes later, Siemens Wind Power CEO Felix Ferlemann stood up to say that, yes, he would like to do this, but it would require investment for which the world's governments would need to create the right financial environment.
Therein lies the dilemma for manufacturers and the wind industry as a whole. Anyone analysing the 2011 financial results from manufacturers will have noticed the high research-and-development (R&D) costs among the revenue and pre-tax profit figures. Since then, the US production tax credit, tighter regulation in China and Europe's sovereign debt crisis have all had an impact on revenues and profits. Looking ahead, there is a danger these factors could put a further squeeze on R&D.
Despite this backdrop, the industry has continued to evolve and develop products at a speed that is arguably unrivalled within the energy sector. Our feature, starting on page 7, covers a full range of recent developments, encompassing blades, towers, drive systems, monitoring technology and larger, more efficient turbines for offshore and onshore use.
Low-wind focus
One area where the industry has risen to Thorning-Schmidt's request is in the development of low-wind turbines. Proving it's not all about power rating, Vestas, GE and Nordex have been among those to invest in turbines with larger rotors for low-wind locations.
The latest is Gamesa's recent launch of a 2MW turbine with a 100-metre rotor. As the availability of high-wind sites onshore declines and the need to build projects near high-population centres increases, this trend is likely to continue.
In terms of offshore, new turbines continue to be announced, most notably in China where the government has put its weight behind the development of larger-capacity machines. Over the past year, Siemens, Nordex, Alstom and Vestas have all launched new designs in the 6-7MW class. However, market uncertainty is likely to be the greatest obstacle to the development of this technology. The Vestas V164 machine has been delayed and will now not be built until 2014 at the earliest, while Nordex's N150/6000 failed to progress beyond the drawing board after the company was unable to bring in a development partner.
Other advances are coming in the form of innovative designs to promote simpler and safer access for operations and maintenance (see page 23). As turbines increase in size, the need for safe climbing aids becomes more acute. In a sector that carries the risk of workers falling to their death inside a wind tower, improved health and safety is becoming a central issue. These tougher safety requirements are continuing to drive advances in the service lift arena.
Outside the turbine, grid compliance continues to be a focus. Our feature on page 35 looks at Europe where there has been an attempt to simplify and harmonise the myriad national grid codes into a single Europe-wide code.
External influence
The bottom line is, however, that money - and the efficient use of it - is likely to be a key driver for innovation. Over the past year, as prices have continued to fall, there have been many rumours about the latest turbines being too expensive to produce. The recent influx into the industry of executives from the automotive sector, such as Gamesa's executive chairman, Ignacio Martin and Vestas' COO Jean-Marc Lechene, could hint at how a leaner, meaner wind manufacturing industry of the future might look.
Indeed, Siemens' Ferlemann himself was a former chief of automotive company Benteler's chassis division. He said there were too many platforms in the wind sector and that more components and product lines need to be shared. Although it is doubtful that the wind industry will ever experience the level of collaboration seen, for example, between Nissan and Renault who co-develop their own chassis, pure players like Vestas are already looking to bring in partners to jointly develop products. The question is not if such policies will continue but how far they will go and how they will affect the product as a result.
The wind industry has clearly demonstrated that it has the ability to adapt and innovate quickly - and it has no choice but to continue doing so if it is to achieve the cost-of-energy goal called for by the Danish premier. But, against a background of continuing uncertainty, these developments will have to be achieved cost-effectively, with a focus not just on the product but its production.
James Quilter is associate editor of Windpower Monthly.


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SimpleUsability to host Northern User Experience Meet Up 22nd November
On the 22nd November SimpleUsability is due to host the Northern User Experience Meet Up from 7pm until 9pm. Throughout the year the event is held in either Manchester or over in Leeds respectively, but we are proud to announce that we will sponsor the November edition and hope to follow this with many more.
The event will be held at the SimpleUsability offices in the Round Foundry Media Centre, a short walk from Leeds train station. In the past the event has been a great way for user experience practitioners to meet up, network and learn from each other. The evening normally includes a few short presentations, followed by an open session where ideas are bounced around and then future planning for next events.
For this edition there is still one speaker to be confirmed, but we can promise that Fiona Harwood (Senior User Experience Consultant at SimpleUsability) will be talking about 'How we ask why?' a key question when moderating usability testing. Once we have any more speakers confirmed we will let you know. If this is something that you are interested in then please go to LinkedIn and register.
The event has reached many in the Manchester area and been a huge success, but yet to reach its full potential in Yorkshire. SimpleUsability hopes to help sponsor future events so that user experience practitioners can meet up, share ideas, network and hopefully generating more local business partnerships.


text:
Thank you for buying a Rob Rice Home in our community of Chestnut Village. Our goal is to make it easy for you to find the information you need to maintain your home.
Below you will find the information for our 2-10 Warranty program, CC&R's for the community and you can schedule service for your home as well.
If you do not find the information you need, please feel free to complete the Contact Us form on this site and we will reply within 24 hours. You can also contact our office at 1868 State Avenue NE Olympia or by calling (360)754-7010. Our office hours are Monday-Friday 8:00am-5:00pm and we are closed most major holidays.


text:
To participate in webinars, the basic equipment is:
The following are optional, but may enhance your webinar experience:
You will receive set up and log in instructions after you register. These will be sent to the e-mail address used on the registration form.
Once you receive the instructions, it's a good idea to test the computer you will use to view the event beforehand. You may be asked to download and install software. Doing this prior to the event ensures that you will be ready to enjoy a seamless webinar experience.
If you were expecting communication from us and did not receive it, please check your junk mail folder. Be sure that on24.com and firstname.lastname@example.com are on your safe senders list.
See our ON24 Event Help Guide for software requirements and frequently asked questions.
For further assistance contact Distance Learning Technical Support or call (202) 785-6940.


text:
|● What is the lifecycle of your industrial grade product?
SparkLAN's industrial-grade module family has a very long lifecycle compared to commercial modules. Usually our industrial collections can maintain up to 3 years longer than standard commercial module. Some even longer.
To find out more precise life span of our industrial-grade module, please talk to our sales at firstname.lastname@example.com. Please make sure you specified which product you wish to enquire for a better response.


text:
Currently 1 calls logged by our users for this number.
Currently there has been no feedback given on this number.
City: BRIGHTON
Zip Code Areas: 80601, 80603, 80602
County: ADAMS
State: CO, U.S.A.
Type: Regular Landline
Time Zone: 7
Registrant Company: XO COLORADO, LLC
Owner Name:
Although the owner of this number hasn't registered it on Know This Caller, you may be able to find their name through our advertising partner InstantCheckMate using the button below:


text:
CLAE has been launched in 2001 out of the need for a new approach to footwear, which was to modernize the classic silhouettes to fit today's active life style. Versatile footwear that moves with you day to night, work to play that compliments a modern man's wardrobe and life. Footwear that is designed for everyday living without sacrificing style or comfort.
CLAE was developed as an evolution of post-rebellious youth, when streetwear was rooted by skate, surf, punk and hip-hop. With that independent mind set we developed a sense of refinement in our style, where the clothes and shoes we used to wear do not define us as they did growing up; rather, we now define what we wear.


text:
Jungle Terrace - Real Estate in Pinellas County, Saint Petersburg, FL
Let ADDvantage's skilled Realtors assist you in you real estate purchase in Jungle Terrace.
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About Jungle Terrace
The Jungle Terrace area of St. Pete is also known as Jungle Prada. Though the name was Jungle Prado, locals created their own versions.
The history of Jungle Prada is colorful and it all started in 1907 when Walter P. Fuller moved from Bradenton to St. Pete and began his long illustrious career as author, editor for The St. Pete Times, local historian, bootlegger, State of Florida politician who was a Florida Legislature, one-term clerk of the state House of Representatives and he spent eight years as a Democratic state committeeman.
To some who knew him, he embodied a Gator version of Will Rogers. Fuller a tall, thin and a casually dressed man, was a student of Florida history and could tell you where every political body in Florida was buried.
Fuller developed "The Jungle" area of St. Pete's central western edge along Boca Ciega Bay. In 1925, he built the Jungle Country Club Hotel which is now the famous school Admiral Farragut Academy. Back then, there was a adjoining golf course and air strip called Piper-Fuller Airport. Fuller help St. Pete grow in many ways. He was a developer, hotel owner, restaurateur, nightclub owner, bootlegger and politician. He extended a streetcar line from downtown St. Petersburg to The Jungle and paved 16 miles of St. Pete city streets with his own money. He built The Sunset Hotel at the corner of Park Street and Central Avenue. Fuller also built 1400 single family homes in St. Pete which he sold to many tourists referred to as "tin can tourists" because these people motored to St. Pete in Model T Fords and ate canned goods and lived in tents.
During Fuller's career he owned 3,200 acres in St. Petersburg and 2,500 more in mid Pinellas, according to a 2007 Times story by Lorrie Lykins.
Fuller brought the first nightlife to Jungle Prado with the opening of a fancy nightclub called the Gangplank. The story goes that one day in 1923 a Shrimper showed up with a load of liquor and Fuller spent the next 10 years moving that load of illegal goods from one safe-house to the next.
Customers flocked to the Gangplank and the Prado Hotel. There were many famous and infamous guest including gangster Al Capone.
Fuller was the first payed football coach of the St. Petersburg High School Green Devils.
Fuller built an estate in on Park Street in 1916 on a 2.5 acres parcel on the Bay across from his Jungle Hotel. Fuller died in 1973 at the age of 79.
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valentines day boxes for toddlers
A Preschool Valentines Day Theme that includes preschool lesson plans, activities and Interest Learning Center ideas for your Preschool Classroom! You can t put a price tag on love, so we decided that we shouldn t put a price tag on this set either sentimental gifts our sentimental messages gift line has been created by our artisans just for you! ♥ valentines day gifts valentine s day candy from candywarehouse. Enjoy these free Valentines Day gifts! Find Valentines Day invitations & announcements of all sizes com, america s favorite online bulk candy super store!. Pick your favorite invitation design from our amazing selection tempt the heart with sweet, romantic candies! browse a huge. Valentine's Day E-Books @ A to Z Teacher Stuff's Store How to Make a Valentine * Valentine's Mini-Books * Valentine's Theme * shop our valentine s day collection and find everything you need for the most romantic valentines yet- cards, gifts, decorations & more. Love is in the air! Here I have compiled a list of my favorite Valentine's Day crafts for kids to make! Just click on the picture or link to view the instructions here are a bunch of valentines day mailboxes for kids to make! girls will love all these ideas for their classroom parties! i just found these cookie boxes and am going to make them this week. Create magic with the easy Valentine s Day craft for kids Search our store for great Valentine s Day Gift Ideas! Some gifts include baskets, chocolate, treats, gourmet food, sports gear, personalized gifts & jewelry my question is how thick is each layer of cookie. Valentine s Day is a perfect time to tell your special one how much you love him or her and how many inches high is the finished box. It should be very romantic valentine s day fun fact. Are you struggling to find creative and romantic here is the most enjoyable and unbelievable collection of valentine s day fun facts. Celebrate Valentine s Day with Pottery Barn Kids share these fun facts with your friends to amaze them. Find kids Valentines, decorations, books and gifts and create a memorable Valentine s day martha crafts colorful gift boxes for valentine s day on the martha stewart show. Choose from an assortment of Valentine s Day boxed chocolate gifts from See s Candies, the perfect gift for that special someone this Valentine s Day calling all cupids! need some valentines day party ideas that will get their hearts racing? these super-sweet suggestions will have everybody floating on cloud nine. See s Candies Make personalized silhouette valentines for Valentine's Day! *Originally posted February 2012 – I love pulling these sweet silhouettes out for Valentine's Day valentines ideas for the coffee lover. So many schools are now asking for kids to bring non-candy Valentines when it comes to valentines day, you can't go wrong with coffee and chocolate right? especially when snoopy and woodstock are. Today I'm sharing 14 new Candy-free Valentine options unique trivial information and trivia about valentines day. They are all really easy and simple valentine s day - find out more information about valentines day 2017, including the story of its origin, symbols, and traditions. Conversation hearts, truffles galore and heart-shaped boxes of chocolates these are the symbols of Valentine's Day for many lovers around the world get the all facts about valentine. Sentimental Gifts Our Sentimental Messages gift line has been created by our artisans just for you! ♥ Valentines Day Gifts Valentine s Day Candy from CandyWarehouse happy valentines day gift ideas images pictures wallpapers greetings sms wishes message quotes poems songs hd cards cakes chocolates


text:
The animation shows two co-axial wire loops carrying
current in the opposite sense (represented by the spheres) which are connected by a spring (not shown).
As the current is slowly ramped up, the magnetic force between the rings causes them to repel one another.
Then, as the current ramps down again, the restoring force of the spring returns them to their original separation distance.
We show the field configuration here using the "iron
filings" representation. The bottom wire loop carries
three times the current of the top wire loop.


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This piece of news was brought to light thanks to IMRA:
JERICHO, January 1, 2013 (WAFA) – An estimated 1.3 million people crossed Allenby bridge with Jordan in both directions during 2012, a police report said Tuesday.
It said the number of people leaving the West Bank was 30,000 more than those entering it from the Jordanian side.
Well, as for net emigration rate ("Net migration rate is the difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period of time, divided (usually) per 1,000 inhabitants (considered on midterm population). A positive value represents more people entering the country than leaving it, while a negative value mean more people leaving than entering it), I really am not qualified to make a judgment.
The number 30,000, I think, is too small to reflect on for this year. Or is it?
After all, people who overstayed tourist visa/family visit permission could have been a factor.
Most importantly, it is negative.
Demographic threat do I hear?
Visit My Right Word.


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Repair of the soul: metaphors of transformation in Jewish mysticism and pyschoanalysis
Routledge, 12 cze 2008 - 134
Repair of the Soul examines transformation from the perspective of Jewish mysticism and psychoanalysis, addressing the question of how one achieves self-understanding that leads not only to insight but also to meaningful change. In this beautifully written and thought-provoking book, Karen Starr draws upon a contemporary relational approach to psychoanalysis to explore the spiritual dimension of psychic change within the context of the psychoanalytic relationship. Influenced by the work of Lewis Aron, Steven Mitchell and other relational theorists, and drawing upon contemporary scholarship in the field of Jewish studies, Starr brings the ideas of the Kabbalah, the ancient Jewish mystical tradition, into dialogue with modern psychoanalytic thought. Repair of the Soul provides a scholarly integration of several kabbalistic and psychoanalytic themes relating to transformation, including faith, surrender, authenticity, and mutuality, as well as a unique exploration of the relationship of the individual to theuniversal. Starr uses the Kabbalah's metaphors as a vivid framework with which to illuminate the experience of transformation in psychoanalytic process, and to explore the evolving view of the psychoanalytic relationship as one in which both parties - the analyst as well as the patient - are transformed.
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The Interpretive Encounter
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Repair of the Soul: Metaphors of Transformation in Jewish Mysticism and ...
Karen E. Starr
Ograniczony podgl±d - 2010
Repair of the Soul: Metaphors of Transformation in Jewish Mysticism and ...
Karen E. Starr
Ograniczony podgl±d - 2010
Repair of the soul: metaphors of transformation in Jewish mysticism and ...
Karen E. Starr
Widok krótkiego opisu - 2008
Kluczowe wyrazy i wyrażenia
abyss analyst's subjectivity analytic relationship articulate aspects authentic Bakan Bion Bollas Buber Chaim Vital characterizes chochma contemporary psychoanalysis context cosmic creation creative destructive divine spark Drob Ein-sof emerges encounter esotericism evil existence experiencing feeling felt Freud Fromm Ghent God's Hasidic heart hidden ideas Idel illusion individual individual's ineffable interpretation intuition Isaac Luria Jacob Jewish mystical Judaism Kabbalah Kabbalah Centres kabbalistic formulation kabbalists klippot language Lewis Aron living Loewald Martin Buber meaning memory and desire metaphors of transformation Mitchell mutual object one's Ostow perceived perspective possible potential psychic change psychoanalytic psychological Rabbi rational relational Relational Psychoanalysis religion religious experience rience rooted Ruth Scholem sefirot sense session Shabbatai Zvi soul space spiritual Stan stand in faith Steinsaltz surrender symbols task teshuva tikkun Tikkun Magazine tikkun olam tion Torah transcendent Third truth tzimtzum ultimate reality unconscious understanding unique values Winnicott words writes Zohar


text:
National School Lunch Act
By Gordon W. Gunderson
- National School Lunch Act Approved
- Additional commodities authorized
- National School Lunch Act amended
- Special food assistance to needy schools
- 1962 amendments
- National School Lunch Week established
- Authorization to buy dairy products
National School Lunch Act Approved
Nevertheless, the program was not expanding as rapidly as desirable. The year-to-year appropriations by the Congress without legislation assuring a continuation of program operations in years ahead, and the past experience of a drastic falling off in Federal support by means of donated foods, made-school boards hesitant to undertake the program.
Equipment installations, especially in the larger schools in cities and rural consolidated districts, were expensive. In the majority of school buildings there was no available room suitable to the installation of kitchen equipment, separate dining space was not available, and additions to or extensive remodeling of existing buildings would be necessary if the program were to be inaugurated. Without some guarantee as to a future, this was regarded as a high risk investment, and hampered program growth.
The 79th Congress (1946) recognized the need. Legislation was introduced to give the program a permanent status and to authorize the necessary appropriations for it. 26 Following hearings on the proposed legislation, the House Committee on Agriculture Report stated, in part: "The need for a permanent legislative basis for a school lunch program, rather than operating it on a year-to-year basis, or one dependent solely on agricultural surpluses that for a child may be nutritionally unbalanced or nutritionally unattractive, has now become apparent. The expansion of the program has been hampered by lack of basic legislation. If there is an assurance of continuity over a period of years, the encouragement of state contribution and participation in the school lunch program will be of great advantage in expanding the program.
"The national school lunch bill provides basic, comprehensive legislation for aid, in general, to the states in the operation of school lunch programs as permanent and- integral parts of their school systems.... Such aid, heretofore extended by Congress through the Department of Agriculture has, for the past 10 years, proven for exceptional benefit to the children, schools, and agriculture of the country a a whole, but the necessity for now coordinating the work throughout the Nation, and especially to encourage and increase the financial participation and active control by the several states makes it desirable that permanent enabling legislation take the place of the present temporary legislative structure.... The educational features of a properly chosen diet served at school should not be under-emphasized. Not only is the child taught what a good diet consists of, but his parents and family likewise are indirectly instructed." 27
The legislation was identified as the "National School Lunch Act," and Section 2 of the Act defines its purposes: "It is hereby declared to be the policy of Congress, as a measure of national security, to safeguard the health and well-being of the Nation's children and to encourage the domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities and other food, by assisting the states, through grants-in aid and other means, in providing an adequate supply of food and other facilities for the establishment, maintenance, operation and expansion of nonprofit school lunch programs." 28
The Act spelled out very clearly just how the funds should be apportioned among the states. Exclusive of any amount which might be appropriated from year to year for nonfood assistance (equipment purchases), the Secretary was required to pay out to the states not less than 75 percent of the amount appropriated to be used by the schools for food purchases. The funds allotted to Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands could not exceed 3 percent of the total appropriation for food purchases. The apportionment to states was based on two factors: "The number of school children between the ages of 5 and 17, inclusive, in the state, and the need for assistance in the state as indicated by the relation of the per capita income in the United States to the per capita income of the state." This meant that the states with the lower per capita income would receive a greater proportion of the Federal funds than states whose per capita income was equal to or greater than the per capita income of the United States.
Section 5 provided that $10 million of the total appropriation each year should be apportioned among the states to assist school districts in purchasing equipment for the program. These funds were to be apportioned among the states on the same basis as the funds for food purchases. 29
Section 6 gave the Secretary authority to use up to 8.5 percent of the appropriation for administrative expenses. This section provided also that any funds remaining after the apportionment of funds to the states and territories for food and equipment purchases and for administrative expenses could be used by the Secretary for direct purchases of food to be distributed among the schools participating in the lunch program "in accordance with the needs as determined by the local school authorities." Section 7 called for a matching of Federal funds paid to the states as follows:
- Fiscal years 1947 to 1950 -$1.00 for each Federal $1.00
- Fiscal years 1951 to 1955 -$1.50 for each Federal $1.00
- Fiscal year 1956 and thereafter -$3.00 for each Federal $1.00
In states where the per capita income was less than the per capita income of the United States, the matching requirement was reduced by the percentage by which the state per capita income was less than that of the United States.
In meeting the matching requirement, the payment for lunches by children, moneys paid out by school boards, and the reasonable value of foods, equipment, labor and other donations to the program could be regarded as matching funds. However, "the cost or value of land, of the acquisition, construction, or alteration of buildings, of commodities donated by the Secretary, or of Federal contributions" could not be considered as matching funds. States were required to enter into written agreements with the Secretary concerning the receipt and disbursement of Federal funds and foods received in support of the lunch program, and for the supervision of the program in all schools to assure compliance with the provisions of the Act and regulations and directives issued by the Secretary concerning program operations.
Likewise, schools participating in the program were required to execute agreements with the state educational agency. These agreements provided principally that the sponsoring agency for the school would:
- Serve lunches meeting the minimum nutritional requirements prescribed by the Secretary.
- Serve meals without cost or at reduced cost to children who were determined by local school authorities to be unable to pay the full cost of the lunch, and not to segregate or discriminate against such children in anyway.
- Operate the program on a non-profit basis.
- Utilize as far as practicable the commodities declared by the Secretary to be in abundance and to utilize commodities donated by the Secretary.
- Maintain proper records of all receipts and expenditures and submit reports to the state agency as required.
In states where the state educational agency could not administer the program in private and parochial schools, a proportionate amount of the state's share of fund was withheld from the allocation to the state agency for disbursement to the private and parochial schools by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Department also supervised the operation of the programs in these schools and continues to do so where the situation requires.
Section 9 of the Act provided that "Lunches served by schools participating in the school lunch program under this Act shall meet minimum nutritional requirements prescribed by the Secretary on the basis of tested nutritional research." The Secretary prescribed three types of lunches which would be acceptable, designed as Type A, Type B, and Type C. The Type C lunch consisted of 1/2 pint of whole milk served as a beverage. The milk would have to meet the minimum standards of the state and local laws and ordinances concerning butterfat content and sanitation requirements. The minimum nutritional requirements of the Type A and Type B lunches were as follows:
|Type A
|Type B
|Milk, whole
|½ pint
|½ pint
|Protein-rich food consisting of any of the following or a combination thereof:
|2 oz
|1 oz
|½ cup
|¼ cup
|4 Tbsp.
|2 Tbsp.
|Raw, cooked, or canned vegetables or fruits, or both
|¾ cup
|½ cup
|Bread, muffins or hot bread made of whole grain cereal or enriched flour
|1 portion
|1 portion
|Butter or fortified margarine
|2 tsp.
|1 tsp.
Type A lunch was designed to meet one-third to one-half of the minimum daily nutritional requirements of a child 10 to 12 years of age. By making some adjustments, this meal pattern could be adapted to meet the nutritional requirements for children of all ages.
The Type B pattern was devised to provide a supplementary lunch in schools where adequate facilities for the preparation of a Type A lunch could not be provided.
Schools were reimbursed for a part of the cost of food purchased and used in the preparation of the noon lunches. This was accomplished through a plan of monthly payment to schools at a certain rate (cents) per meal for the number of meals served which had met the nutritional requirements. The maximum reimbursements allowable, established by the Secretary, were: Type A, 9 cents; Type B, 6 cents; Type C, 2 cents. Reimbursement rates for lunches served without milk were reduced by 2 cents, but this was permitted only if an adequate supply of milk meeting state and local standards as to butterfat and sanitation was not available; otherwise, meals without milk were not reimbursable. Total reimbursement to any school could not exceed the total amount spent for food.
Additional Commodities Authorized
Further assistance to the program by way of Federal commodity donations was brought about under the provisions of Section 416 of the Agricultural Act of 1949. Authority was granted to the Commodity Credit Corporation to donate commodities acquired by it under its price support activities to various agencies according to certain priorities: "First, to school lunch programs; and to the Bureau of Indian Affairs and federal, state and local public welfare organizations for the assistance of needy Indians and other needy persons; second, to private welfare organizations for the assistance of needy persons within the United States; third, to private welfare organizations for the assistance of needy persons outside the United States." 30 These donations were in addition to those which might become available through the provisions of Section 32 of the Agricultural Act of 1935.
National School Lunch Act Amended
The first amendment to the National School Lunch Act occurred in 1952. It changed the formula concerning the apportionment of school lunch funds to Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Virgin Islands both as to food and non-food assistance funds. The same amendment also provided that in the first apportionment of funds following the enactment of the amendment, the amounts received by Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands should "not be less than that amount which will result in an allotment per child of school age in the state . . . having the lowest per capita income among the states participating in such first apportionment." 31
Special Food Assistance to Needy Schools
Although the formula for apportionment of school lunch funds among the states and Territories, as stated in the Act, was designed to allocate a greater proportionate share to low income states, the expansion of the program to reach the large proportion of needy children who were entitled to free or reduced-price lunches became a very real burden upon the local districts which were the least able to pay. The situation was further complicated by lack of facilities and space for meal preparation particularly in the smaller schools in rural areas and older schools in large cities.
An experimental program was undertaken whereby special foods would be purchased for distribution to needy schools. The Congress appropriated $10 million for fiscal year 1962 to be used for direct commodity procurement by the Secretary of Agriculture. Of this amount $2.5 million was authorized to be used for commodity procurement and distribution "to provide special assistance to needy schools which because of poor local economic conditions (1)have not been operating a school lunch program or (2) have been serving free or at substantially reduced prices at least 20 percent of the lunches to the children." 32 By the end of the 1961-62 school year the special commodity assistance program was operating in 270 especially needy schools in 22 states, serving lunches to approximately 25,000 children. This form of special assistance was not continued beyond the 1961-62 school year.
1962 Amendments
In October of 1962 the Congress enacted some very significant amendments to the National School Lunch Act. Inequities in the apportionment of funds among the states had become evident as the program expanded. For example: state X having the same number of school children and same per capita income as state Y would receive the same amount of funds. But, if state X had a school lunch participation twice as great as state Y, it is obvious that the actual per pupil assistance in state X would be on the average only one-half the assistance which could be granted by state Y.
In correcting this situation, Section 4 of the Act was amended to provide that funds would be apportioned on the basis of (1) the participation rate for the state and (2) the assistance need rate for the state.
The "participation rate" for a state meant the number equal to the number of lunches served in the preceding fiscal year by schools participating in the program under the terms of the Act. The "assistance need rate" was redefined. For any state having an average per capita income equal to or greater than the average annual per capita income for all the states, the "assistance need rate" would be five. In any state where the average annual per capita income was less than the average for all the states, the "assistance need rate" would be "the product of five and the quotient obtained by dividing the average annual per capita income for such state, except that such product may not exceed nine for any such state." 33 The annual average per capita income was to be determined on the basis of such income for the three most recent years for which the data was available and certified to the Secretary of Agriculture by the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Reducing the language in the formula to a "dollar-and-cents" interpretation, it would mean that if adequate funds were appropriated no state would receive an apportionment of funds less than an amount equal to 5 cents per lunch for the number of lunches served in the previous year and that states with a per capita income of less than the national average would receive proportionately more funds, but not more than the equivalent of 9 cents per meal for the number of meals served in the previous year.
Since the new formula for apportionment of funds among the states meant a sharper reduction in allotment in some states, Congress provided for a gradual transition in the application of the new formula over a period of three years. This gave states and local school districts affected an opportunity for making adjustments to compensate for the loss of Federal funds, if that were the case.
NOTE: In all subsequent legislation dealing with apportionment of Federal funds for school and non-school child feeding programs, there is a special provision for apportionment of funds to private and parochial schools. The details of the apportionment formula to be applied in each instance are lengthy and will be understood best by referring to the legislation designated in the applicable footnotes. Section 11 of the original School Lunch Act of 1946 (covering miscellaneous provisions and definitions) was re-designated as Section 12. New subsections were added, including the definitions for "participation rate" and "assistance need rate."
In the new Section 11 of the Act, the Congress provided for special assistance in the form of cash reimbursement for meals served free or at substantially reduced prices to needy children. A detailed formula for apportionment of the funds among the states and territories was included. The selection of the schools for receiving the special reimbursement from Section 11 funds was to be based upon five factors:
- The economic condition of the area from which the schools draw attendance.
- The need for free or reduced-price lunches.
- The percent of free or reduced-price lunches being served in such schools.
- The price of the lunch in such schools as compared with the average price of lunches served in the state.
- The need for additional assistance as evidenced by the financial position of the lunch program in such schools.
Despite the enabling legislation to appropriate special funds for providing lunches to needy children, no funds were actually appropriated for such purpose by the Congress until fiscal year 1966.
National School Lunch Week Established
An annual National School Lunch Week was established on October 9,1962, by a Joint Resolution of Congress. By such resolution "...the President is requested to issue annually a proclamation calling on the people of the United States to observe such week with appropriate ceremonies and activities." 34 The seven day period designated begins on the second Sunday in October each year.
Authorization to Buy Dairy Products
An amendment to the Food and Agriculture Act of 1965 authorized the Secretary of Agriculture "to use funds of the Commodity credit Corporation to purchase sufficient supplies of dairy products at market prices to meet the requirements of any programs for the schools (other than fluid milk in the case of schools). . . when there are insufficient stocks of dairy products in the hands of Commodity credit Corporation available for these purposes." 35
26 P.L. 396, 79th Congress, June 4, 1946, 60 Stat. 231.
27 House Committee on Agriculture Report P.L. 396-79th Congress, June 4, 1946. See Chronological Legislative History of Child Nutrition Programs, FNS, USDA.
28 P.L. 396 -79th Congress, June 4, 1946, 60 Stat. 231.
29 After the initial appropriation for nonfood assistance for Fiscal Year 1947, there were no further appropriations for this purpose until 1966-67.
30 P.L. 439 -81st Congress, Oct. 31, 1949, 63 Stat. 1058.
31 P.L. 518 July 12, 1952, 66 Stat. 591.
32 P.L. 87-112 July 26, 1961, 60 Stat. 230; 75 Stat. 231.
33 P.L. 87-823, Oct. 15, 1962, 76 Stat. 944.
34 P.L. 87-780, 87th Congress, Oct. 8, 1962, 76 Stat. 779.
35 P.L. 89-321, 89th Congress, Nov. 3 1965, 79 Stat. 1212.