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EconSouth (First Quarter 2001)
Will the Quick Fix Pay Off in the Long Run?
To dollarize or not to dollarize? That has been the question facing many Latin American countries in recent years. And while there are certainly some economic benefits associated with dollarization, foreign countries deciding to take the dollarization plunge should realize that adopting the U.S. dollar as their official legal tender is not a panacea for all economic ills, especially over the longer term.
ver the last few years, the idea of dollarization has surged to the forefront of policy alternatives for Latin American countries. By eliminating their national currencies and replacing them with the U.S. dollar, countries hope to achieve economic stability and growth. Is dollarization a remedy for economic stability in Latin America? The answer is yes — and no. Dollarization may promote economic stability in the short term, but structural and institutional problems must also be addressed if a dollarizing country is to achieve long-term economic benefits.
Several countries have already officially adopted the U.S. dollar as legal tender. Panama adopted the dollar in 1904, Ecuador dollarized in September 2000 and El Salvador dollarized in January 2001. In official dollarization, the U.S. dollar becomes the country's legal tender and takes over all the former functions of domestic money: as a unit of account, as a medium of exchange and as a store of value. Unofficial dollarization, which is also widespread in Latin America, occurs when individuals substitute the dollar for domestic money to protect the purchasing power of their income.
Most countries that consider full dollarization have already experienced a high degree of unofficial dollarization. In Latin America, this process accelerated after the external debt crisis of the early 1980s. In that decade, many Latin American countries struggled with recession, inflation and unemployment as they witnessed the repeated failure of stabilization policies that resulted in higher inflation rates, larger fiscal deficits, deeper external imbalances and continuous capital flight.
Under such circumstances, these countries' citizens initially used the dollar as the hard currency to protect their income from the detrimental effects of inflation. As the inflationary situation became chronic, the dollar was accepted first as the unit of account for contracts and large-denomination transactions. At the end of the 1980s, Latin American economies became more dollarized as both domestic and foreign currencies circulated as mediums of exchange. This wide acceptance was encouraged even further when some governments allowed deposit accounts and loans in foreign currency.
Even though unofficial dollarization was widespread among several Latin American countries, full dollarization was not a clear policy alternative. In the 1990s, Latin American governments switched dramatically from economic policies based on government intervention to market-oriented reforms. These reforms sought to control inflation and achieve economic stability through fiscal discipline, reduction of government intervention, privatization, tax reform, and trade and financial liberalization. The lowering and stabilizing of inflation and subsequent economic growth brought hope for the region's sustained economic growth and development.
These optimistic developments changed with the financial turmoil brought on by the Mexican peso crisis in 1995 and the Asian, Russian and Brazilian financial crises in 1997 and 1998. Even though Latin American countries responded better to these financial crisis than to previous ones, these more recent events showed how vulnerable the region still was to the volatility of capital flows. Given the great uncertainty that followed the international monetary crisis, official dollarization became an attractive alternative for policymakers seeking monetary stability.
Dollarization pros and cons
Are the benefits of dollarizing greater than the costs? The decision of whether or not to dollarize brings to mind the statement "there is no free lunch." Clearly, there are benefits associated with dollarization, but there are also certain costs.
By adopting the U.S. dollar as its own currency, a government gives up control of interest rates and the money supply. Given the past experience of Latin American countries with monetary policy, this lack of control might be seen as positive. Full dollarization would eliminate the possibility that the government could finance the fiscal deficit with seigniorage (the revenue associated with the printing of domestic currency) and exchange it for goods and services. Without this possibility of public financing, the government of the dollarizing country must look for alternative revenue sources or reduce government expenditures. By giving up control of its money supply, a fully dollarized government encourages fiscal discipline but also restricts the possibility of stabilizing fiscal policy's response to a negative shock.
Another cost of full dollarization is the restriction it imposes on the monetary authority's role as the lender of last resort to the domestic banking system. As lenders of last resort, central banks provide loans to banks facing liquidity problems. With full dollarization, printing money is no longer a feasible source of liquidity, and the central bank needs to look for alternatives to respond to financial emergencies. These solutions include external lines of credit with banks from foreign countries and reserve funds from tax revenues. Thus, paradoxically, even though full dollarization limits the central bank's role as lender of last resort and monetary policy responses to financial crises, it might make bank runs less likely because consumers and businesses may have greater confidence in the domestic banking system.
An expected benefit from full dollarization is a reduction in the cost of borrowing funds. Using the U.S. dollar eliminates the risk of devaluation and in turn should reduce the interest rates for credit that was denominated in domestic currency. In the case of public debt, this decline represents a reduction of debt service. In the private sector, the elimination of devaluation risk might bring stable capital flows and increase the confidence of foreign investors and therefore promote investment and growth. However, sovereign or default risk is still present, and investors still respond to financial crises, whether prompted by economic shocks or political and social conditions. So the effect of full dollarization on reducing the risk premium embedded in domestic interest rates is limited.
Full dollarization is also perceived to enhance the credibility of economic policy because it shows policymakers' long-term commitment to stabilizing prices, output and employment.
All things considered, dollarization promotes, but does not guarantee, fiscal discipline, an efficient financial system, the adoption of institutional reforms, or financial and trade integration with international markets. On the other hand, the restrictions that full dollarization imposes on policymakers make a dollarized country more vulnerable to real shocks (such as oil supply shocks or natural disasters) and financial shocks.
Why, then, is full dollarization an attractive solution? Are the gains from improving policy credibility and economic stability and reducing borrowing expenses greater than the costs? The experiences of Panama and Ecuador help answer these questions.
Panama jack
Panama became the first fully dollarized economy in Latin America in 1904 after gaining independence from Colombia. The U.S. dollar became the legal tender for transactions, and the balboa (one balboa equals one U.S. dollar) was also used for small transactions as well as a unit of account. Panama's decision to adopt full dollarization was based on political and historical considerations rather than economic ones. Because of its geographical location, Panama was a natural trade route and thus the logical site for the construction of the Panama Canal at the beginning of the 20th century. The opening of the Colon Free Trade Zone, a tax- and import duty–free facility for business operations, confirmed the importance of international goods and financial markets in Panama in 1948.
Panama seems to have gained one of the expected benefits of dollarization — stability in output and prices. Between 1980 and 1999, the country's economy has had an average growth rate of 3.6 percent, exceeding the averages of Central American countries (2.9 percent), and an average inflation rate of 3 percent — 1 percent less than the average inflation rate in the United States.
Panama's financial system also seems to have adjusted smoothly to the limitations dollarization has placed on its central bank as the lender of last resort. In 1970, the liberalization of the financial system in Panama involved the entry of foreign banks. The economy became financially integrated, with complete capital mobility and freedom for banks to invest excess funds in Panama or abroad. Foreign banks performed the role of lender of last resort by increasing their exposure to the domestic economy when economic conditions were weak. Domestic banks also established lines of credit with foreign banks with branches in Panama to help resolve liquidity problems.
In Panama's case, dollarization's potential to promote fiscal discipline has not been fully achieved. Fiscal deficits have at times been large despite the limitation of domestic financing (see chart 1). This trend was reversed between 1990 and 1995 in an effort to improve fiscal management. Public debt — 75 percent of it foreign debt — financed the fiscal deficit. But Panama has experienced some bumps in the road. The country's reputation was damaged in 1987 and 1988 when external debt payments were suspended. Panama has also agreed to 13 adjustment programs with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in exchange for funding since 1963, more than any other Latin American country. In 1996, foreign debt started declining as a result of an external bond exchange and a debt reduction operation.
Full dollarization has at least to some degree increased Panama's vulnerability to external and internal shocks and reduced its flexibility in adjusting to these events. In the 1960s, political conflicts over the Canal Zone resulted in the massive withdrawal of domestic deposits, but this withdrawal was offset by an increase in domestic lending. The upturn in international oil prices in 1973 and 1978 raised domestic prices, resulting in high inflation rates. These shocks had a mild effect on Panama's economy.
But a major economic crisis erupted between 1987 and 1989 as a result of political tensions between the governments of Panama and the United States. In 1987, 11 percent of local deposits were withdrawn from the banking system. Banks, as in previous years, borrowed abroad and reduced their liquid assets to compensate for the loss in domestic resources but also reduced lending. In 1988, a U.S. court indicted Manuel Noriega, Panama's military leader, and imposed economic sanctions on Panama. As a result, real gross domestic product (GDP) decreased approximately 16 percent in 1988 and 0.4 percent in 1989, and there was large-scale capital flight.
The reaction of Panama to the Asian and Russian financial crises in 1997 and 1998 was relatively mild in comparison. In 1997, Panama's growth rate was lower than average for the region, but in 1998 its growth rate was higher than the region's average. Also, Panama's inflation rates were lower than the U.S. rate. The effect of these crises was more pronounced in Panama's dollarized economy because of the increase in interest rates.
Thus, Panama's fully dollarized economy has had low and stable inflation rates along with solid economic growth. But the rigidities imposed by the restrictions in monetary and exchange rate policies have made Panama vulnerable to real, financial and political shocks that affected economic growth. Full dollarization enhanced Panama's policy credibility but did not guarantee fiscal discipline.
Ecuador's incipient dollarization
During the 1990s, attempts to open the Ecuadorian economy to international trade and capital markets failed for the most part. Large fiscal deficits and increasing external debt led to imbalances that became unsustainable with the decline of world oil prices and the devastating impact of El Niño in 1998. These external shocks resulted in low growth, inflation and liquidity problems in an already fragile banking sector. The country's dependency on oil and agricultural products, whose prices were declining, to generate export revenues became evident and limited the country's ability to service foreign debt.
Several developments contributed to Ecuador's economic collapse in 1999 — the devaluation of the sucre in February, the freeze on bank deposits in March, the default on external debt payments in September, and the country's overall political uncertainty and lack of policy direction. As a result, in 1999 Ecuador's real GDP declined by 7 percent, the inflation rate was more than 50 percent and the currency depreciated by 200 percent. In January 2000, in an environment of social unrest and lacking congressional support for implementing structural reform, then President Jamil Mahuad called for full dollarization to avoid a banking system collapse. Days later, President Mahuad was deposed, and the Ecuadorian Congress confirmed Gustavo Noboa, the elected vice president, as the new president.
President Noboa continued with full dollarization, hoping to promote a return to economic stability. In this already dollarized economy, the conversion rate was set at 25,000 sucres per U.S. dollar. Along with full dollarization, a new economic program provided incentives to private investment in the energy sector, encouraged privatization of state enterprises and included legislation that makes labor markets more flexible. In addition, the IMF signed a standby agreement with the Ecuadorian government to support economic stability and recovery. This agreement helped to attract additional funding from other multilateral institutions.
Ecuador started enjoying the expected benefits of full dollarization before the legal adoption of the U.S. dollar on Sept. 9, 2000. As a signal of the enhanced credibility full dollarization lends to a country's financial system, a bank run did not ensue upon the release of previously frozen bank deposits in March. The drop in the inflation rate in July and economic recovery in the first quarter of 2000 supported full dollarization's stabilizing effects. In addition, Ecuador restructured its external debt in August 2000, reducing the public external debt ratio from 105 percent of GDP at the end of 1999 to around 94 percent in 2000. Full dollarization also eliminated devaluation risk; chart 2 shows the reduction in the volatility of the interest rate spread. A risk premium, however, still exists that responds to the uncertainties surrounding Ecuador's economic performance in the long term.
Even though Ecuador has realized some immediate benefits from dollarization, the country's dependency on revenues from oil and external financing still leave it vulnerable to external economic shocks. Full dollarization adds to this vulnerability by limiting economic policies' flexibility in responding to real, financial and political shocks. To overcome these limitations, banks may need to establish credit lines with international institutions and private deposit insurance programs to respond to liquidity problems. Dollarization also does not guarantee fiscal discipline, and Ecuador depends on sometimes unpredictable oil revenues to finance a large share of government expenditures. Tax reform and the restructuring of fiscal accounts are necessary to show the government's commitment to consistent and sustainable policies to attract foreign investment.
Political consensus will perhaps be the greatest challenge for Ecuador's structural reform. President Noboa is negotiating with indigenous groups whose widespread protests against the increases in fuel and transportation prices limited the passage of further reforms. An additional challenge to the country's dollarization process is the circulation of counterfeit currency. To prepare the population for the transition to the U.S. dollar, the government printed guidebooks with information on how to identify counterfeits.
New experiments
On Jan. 1, 2001, the U.S. dollar became official legal tender in El Salvador. The domestic currency, the colon, continues to circulate along with the U.S. dollar at an exchange rate of 8.75 colons per U.S. dollar. Unlike Ecuador, which adopted the U.S. dollar as a policy alternative to bring economic stability, El Salvador has enjoyed economic stability and low inflation rates during the last few years. Consequently, full dollarization should reduce interest rates in El Salvador and improve investor's confidence and ultimately promote economic growth.
Not all the answers
The experiences of these Latin American countries show that full dollarization can bring several benefits that help to achieve sustainable economic growth. Full dollarization enhances policy credibility, encouraging foreign investment. Dollarization also promotes fiscal discipline, a competitive financial system and economic integration with international markets. But dollarizing countries need to establish structural programs and institutional reforms to ensure that short-term stabilization develops into long-term economic growth.
This article was written by Myriam Quispe-Agnoli, a senior economic analyst in the Atlanta Fed's Latin America Research Group.


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People across Iran celebrated Sizdah-Bedar, the traditional Persian festival of nature, on Saturday by spending time outdoor. Sizdah-Bedar, an ancient Iranian festival, is held on the 13th of Farvardin (first month in Iranian calendar) and marks the end of the Persian New Year (Norouz) celebrations. These photos show the people of the capital city Tehran enjoying their Sizdah-Bedar at Jamshidiyeh park located north of the city.
According to Zoroastrians, in order to have the god of rain as victorious and the fiend of drought as destroyed in the New Year, people should commemorate Tishtrya and ask him for rain. Therefore on the last day of Nowruz festival and when the earth grows green, people leave their houses for water streams on the 13th to ask Tishtrya for rain.
Feasting on traditional foods, munching nuts and playing group games are inseparable ingredients of the happy occasion. Knotting grass blades and wishing upon the knot is another popular tradition of this day. Once the knot is tied the grass is thrown into water stream. It is believed if the knot is opened, fortune finds the way and wishes will come true.
Some people also pull practical jokes and tell lies on this day, calling it the Thirteenth Lie, which is a tradition similar to April Fools. People will also release goldfish into a pond or river - a symbol of freedom.
Iranian families all eat alfresco, preferably near water springs and lush greener, on this day.

subset: commoncrawl


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I may have mentioned the Runnymede Runaround before – the Toronto Script Frenzy/Nanowrimo crew meets every other Friday evening, year-round at a Starbucks Coffee near Bloor Street and Runnymede road, if the date is an odd number. They call it 'Odd Fridays at Runnymede,' or OFAR.
When I first found out about OFAR, during Script Frenzy, I plugged the Starbucks address into Google maps to see how I could best get there by public transit from work, and then how to get home. The routes I got make up the basis of the Runaround – an unusual loop-the-loop that takes me through Burlington, quickly across Oakville and Mississauga to Toronto, and back to Hamilton – without much retracing, particularly because of the way the GO train and bus routes work out.
So, I thought that yesterday, as I went on the Runaround, I'd take some pictures on my iPhone and show you a bit of what it was like.
First off, the morning commute goes more or less as normal – get out of my apartment, catch a bus across the street, which takes me into Burlington along the lakeshore. Then transfer to two other buses in Burlington, one which goes up Maple street and to the Burlington GO train station, and then another quick ride a few blocks to my office. (I didn't take any photos during the morning.)
Left the office at twenty after four or so.


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ofcourse i love you, till I find someone better..!!
Only very recently, to be more precise on the new years' night (rather early morning) at 5.30am, finished reading this book. Of course I love you, till I find someone better. This one is by my good pal Manavi Ahuja, and Durjoy, dont know him. Both are just college grads.Posted on 12:07 PM by Shantanu and filed under | 2 Comments »
It was a humble and humiliating experience while reading the same. It has everything in it that any bachelor boy or girl have to experience inevitably or by choice or by his / her stubbornness to repeat the same past mistakes from the day he / she becomes an adult till the marriage, and of course beyond the marriage, what we generally call these days as EMA (extramarital affairs).
Break ups, hook ups, make outs, ditching, dumping, EMAs, live-ins, one night-stands, friends, so called best friends, disappointments n everything that we can find in today's so called illusion called relationships we can find in this book. Nevertheless book contains all this, it doesn't stop on these craps only. It has very beautifully portrait ed the very basic element that is missing in every of these relationships, Love of course. And also a tiny element of every youngsters life which has been conveniently overlooked, The God.!!
At this point of my journey, i have kind of given up to think what exactly it is and frankly speaking i have no right to judge and express anything about this as i am enjoying well my khulla-saand wala time ;) ..
Anyways, but being an adult mysterio i can observe and avoid doing mistakes that i have witnessed throughout and can help those cripping souls around me, at least can try, what else.!!
Lets say.. -
we, now i am including myself as well, are passing through all these different loves, love of parents, love for friends, love for spouse and so forth. We slowly exercise the faculty of love, but in the majority of cases we never learn anything from it, we become bound to one step, to one person. In some cases men come out of these bondage. Men are ever running after wives, wealth, and fame and noone is exception to this. Noone in this world can really love anything but God.
This is how it is, read ahead. This is not a spiritual lecture, but the hard truth learned through good lessons.
Men cannot love though they talk of it, i am also not an exception to this. The wife says she loves her husband and kisses him; but asa he dies, the first thing she thinks about is the bank account, and what she will do next day. The husband loves the wife, but when she becomes sick, and loses her beauty, or becomes haggard, or makes a mistakes he ceases to care for her.
As Mr. Narendra Dutt says, all the love of the world is hypocrisy and hollowness. He is Swami Vivekananda, btw. Sometimes looks true. But its unavoidable, we are a part of this cycle, something called karmayoga.
we grasp something, and find it slips through our fingers, and then we grasp something else. Thus, we go on and on, till the last light comes. ohh.. wats that..!! someone whose love knows no change, and ever ready to take us in. He in whose mind is no anger, hatred or envy etc.. lil heavy one.
lets see one another classic example ;
girlfriend or wife for the matter of fact and to avoid other dilemmas, loves her husband. She thinks that her whole soul is absorbed in him; a baby comes , and half of it goes out to the baby, or somewhat more. She herself feels that her love for her husband does not exist now as it was before. so with the husband.
We always find that when more intense objects of love come to us the previous love slowly vanishes. Similar is the case with children, animals and with the whole lot of finite objects which are made up of 5 basic elements.
One star arises , another bigger one comes , and then still a bigger one, and at last the sun comes, and all the lesser lights vanish. who's that sun btw..? some creatures have it but donot realise the same until they loose him.. some may keep trying and donot realise that that was the previous one. When that sun bursts upon him, a man becomes what emerson calls it as "God-intoxicated man".. too heavy for me.
That is what keeps happening in "of course i love u.."
what it sends is, love never comes until there is freedom. There is no love possible in slave. If you buy a slave, he'll work for you, but like a drudge. There will be no love in him. Every act of love brings happiness and peace and blessedness in its reaction.
suppose a man loves a woman; he wishes to have her all to himself and feels extremely jealous every moment, he wants her to sit near him, to stand near him, and to eat and to move at his bidding. He is a slave to her and wishes her as his slave. This is kind of a regular picture in the relationships today. This is not love; it is a kind of morbid affection of the love, insinuating itself as love. Then we go for the next one, and the next and next.
It cannot be love, because everytime it brings about painful reaction with it. With love there is nothing like pain, it has only reaction of bliss.
So.. whats the catch..? should we stop searching. give up. or indulge till we find someone better.
to me its very simple. We always receive, what we have given. good things happens to good people. Friends, someone we should never give up on.
the book is a good to read.


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The human remains were found under a trailer in a park at 8150 W. Colfax Ave. in Lakewood on Aug. 18, 1977 behind the Top Notch Motel.
The body was too decomposed to immediately tell who she was.
Lakewood detectives searched through stacks of missing persons reports.
The girls had run away from home, disappeared while hitchhiking or possibly had been kidnapped.
Detectives were only able to narrow the search to 20 girls whose descriptions generally matched that of the body.
Staff at the Jefferson County Coroner's Office compared dental records of missing girls. Detectives were also able to make fingerprints from the body.
The coroner, however, was not able to determine the cause of death.
The body had deteriorated too much.
But because of the circumstances, the girl's death was considered a homicide.
Nearly two weeks passed before the identity of the murder victim was announced: Pamela Jean Bluemel.
Her dental records had helped in making the identification. It was confirmed with fingerprints.
It had been more than 16 years since the girl was born in July of 1961, but it was unclear whether she had ever made it to that milestone.
Pamela had last been seen at a double wedding reception in which two brothers married two sisters in Lakewood in December of 1976.


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Riley Unlikely Shares the Journey of a Remarkable Teenager Finding a Love for Kenyan Children and a Mission to Build a School Grand Rapids, Mich., June 2016 — At the age of 13, Riley Banks-Snyder traveled to Kenya where she sat in a classroom full of first and second graders sharing a single pencil. The presents Riley was so excited to give the kids paled in importance to the school supplies that were easily accessible back home in Branson, MO. Riley realized these kids didn't need matchbox cars or jump ropes. They needed pencils and paper. As soon as her plane touched down in America, Riley knew she wanted to go back. At the age of 14, Riley started a non-profit, Generation Next, to help collect school supplies for Kenyan schools and returned the following year with 200 backpacks … [Read more...]
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WASHINGTON (AP) -- The U.S. is highlighting failures by China and India to curb intellectual property theft in an annual report that could add to strains in relations between Washington and the two Asian powers.
Each year, the U.S. Trade Representative reviews in its "Special 301 Report" the violations and enforcement of intellectual property by dozens of U.S. trading partners.
Ten nations are included on a "priority watch list" in the 2014 report, released Wednesday. Among them, China and India are singled out for the most attention.
The report says India has improved its legal framework in that area, but Internet piracy is growing and the trade in counterfeit goods remains "very troubling."
In China, the U.S. reports serious problems, including protection of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets.


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Thursday, November 01, 2012
Sports News
Lady Lynx hope to add outside game, maintain tradition of defense
By Justin Tierney
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[November 01, 2012]
A program known for its grit and
toughness on defense, the Lincoln College women's basketball team is
hoping to build a new reputation this season: outside shooting.
The roster includes several freshmen, but also features a group of
returners led by Ally Friday.
Friday is coming off a freshman season when she earned
all-conference and all-region honors. Last season, she was a vote
away from sharing Mid-West Athletic Conference Freshman of the Year
Friday just recently returned to the court after spending most of
the fall playing soccer.
"Preseason was a little bit slow," said Wilson. "A lot of new
faces, a lot of sophomores who didn't get a lot of playoff time last
time, last year, that are trying to adjust and trying to be my
leaders. But a bright spot is that soccer is done, so now I have
Ally Friday and Cassidy Jennings back."
Jennings, a freshman point guard, will play a critical role as
well for the Lady Lynx.
"Cassidy is going to be a very good complement to Ally," said
Wilson. "Cassidy is going to be our point guard, and between her and
(sophomore) Denitra Mack, we've got two girls stepping up to run the
point. We have some options on the outside."
Those options, aside from Friday and Jennings, include LCHS
graduate Angie Ruff, freshman Makenzie Baker, freshman Kerri Harris,
sophomore Jessica Miller and freshman Juliana Velandia, a native of
Columbia. Lincoln native Tia Butler also joins the Lady Lynx this
season and could figure into the mix as a point guard.
On the interior, the Lady Lynx will rely on sophomores Taylor
Buliox, Alexis Freeman and Erika Spiller, along with LCHS graduate
Edraniel Tookes.
[to top of second column]
Wilson called Tookes a "pleasant surprise" thus far and added
that she could be pushing for a starting spot.
"Ed Tookes is doing really well. I expect her to see a lot of
playing time," said Wilson. "She does a lot of little things right.
She has improved a ton this month."
Rebounding will be key for Wilson's post players.
Aside from Friday, who is expected to play more frequently on the
perimeter this season, no one among the forwards is 6-feet tall,
which has made positioning and toughness a focus in practice.
Offensively, Wilson is hoping the outside shooting will allow her
team to create opportunities by spreading the floor.
"We don't really have that dominant post that we can throw the
ball in to and say, 'Go to work,'" said Wilson. "But I'm hoping
we'll be able to spread people out and no one will be able to
double-team us. That will help Ally out, because she's going to get
double-teamed a lot."
How the young team adjusts, with so many freshman playing
critical roles, could determine just what the Lady Lynx record looks
like at season's end.
If the youthful roster can master the learning curve that comes
with college basketball, and be the threats from 3-point range that
Wilson is hoping for, the Lady Lynx could be in store for a
memorable season.
[By JUSTIN TIERNEY]
College women's basketball
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Lil Wayne will abide on the December 18 episode of Saturday Night Live, hosted by Jeff Bridges. Weezy will join Eminem to perform "No Love," their collaboration on Eminem's latest album, Recovery.
This is the first announced television appearance for Lil Wayne since his recent release from Rikers Island prison. He recently made a surprise cameo at a Drake concert in Los Vegas and guested on a remix of Birdman's "Fire Flame."
No word if poor Haddaway will also grace the Studio 8H stage; considering his "What is Love" is blithely sampled on Lil Wayne and Eminem's track, dude should at least get a backstage pass or cursory Jay Pharoah impression.
Copyright AP - Associated Press


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Separation Anxiety Disorder
Veterinarian Reviewed on June 22, 2012 by Paulina Nelega, RH
Posted in Uncategorized
Separation Anxiety Disorder
What is Separation Anxiety Disorder?
Infants older than 7 months become increasingly aware of their caregivers and become emotionally tied to them. If suddenly left to daycare or nannies, they can become anxious and disturbed as they are aware of strangers near them. In 3 to 4 year old children the separation anxiety disorder is considered a normal and healthy developmental stage. It is diagnosed as a disorder when anxiety and fear go to extremes or are unexpected for the child's age. These children start having surreal fears that something awful will happen to them. Their behavior is clingy, tearful, unsociable and most often they refuse to leave their home. Some youngsters will be afraid to sleep separately from their parents.
What Causes Separation Anxiety Disorder?
Genetics-If a child's parent was diagnosed with anxiety disorder it is very probable that the child will develop the same disorder. So the disorder may have genetic roots. Particular personality characteristics, such as shyness, may make a child prone to this disorder.
Past experience and stress-Unpleasant or painful past experience may be responsible for this disorder in children. Loss of a family member, continuous hospital stay or other traumatic split may be a lesson for your offspring that the world is not constant and cozy. Other momentous changes, such as moving house or changing school may also increase susceptibility.
Learnt behavior-Excessively anxious or over-caring parents may instill fears in their children. Some parenting methods, such as tiptoed sneaking off, make a good ground for developing this condition.
Signs and Symptoms of Separation Anxiety Disorder
Children affected with this disorder are often described as demanding, intrusive, and in need of constant care and attention. The child's excessive demands often become a source of parental frustration, creating resentment and conflict in the family. Sometimes, children with the disorder are described as unusually compliant, conscientious and eager to please. The children may have somatic complaints that result in physical examinations and medical checkups.
Depressed mood is frequently present and may become more persistent over time. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or from those to whom the individual is attached, is evidenced by three (or more) of the following symptoms:
• recurrent excessive distress when separation from home or major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated
• persistent and excessive worry about losing, or about possible harm befalling, major attachment figures
• persistent and excessive worry that an untoward event will lead to separation from a major attachment figure (e.g., getting lost or being kidnapped)
• persistent reluctance or refusal to go to school or elsewhere because of fear of separation
• persistently and excessively fearful or reluctant to be alone or without major attachment figures at home or without significant adults in other settings
• persistent reluctance or refusal to go to sleep without being near a near a major attachment figure or to sleep away from home
• repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation
• repeated complaints of physical symptoms (such as stomachaches, headaches, nausea, or vomiting) when separation from major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated
The disturbance lasts at least 4 weeks. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social or other important areas of individual functioning.
Classical Treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder
In the classical treatment approach the separation anxiety disorder is customarily treated with a form of psychotherapy and/or prescription medicines, though there is great controversy about putting children on schedule d r u g treatment.
Holistic Treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder
Alternative therapeutic methods for easing separation anxiety include relaxation and deep breathing techniques. Herbal and homeopathic cures joined with psychotherapy prove to be very efficient and less harmful for developing children. Hence, a holistic approach is an excellent ailment in easing separation anxiousness, along with a balanced nourishment and physical exercise
Our Expert
Paulina Nelega, RH, has been in private practice as a Clinical Herbalist for over 15 years. She has developed and taught courses in herbal medicine, and her articles on health have appeared in numerous publications. She is very passionate about the healing power of nature. Ask Dr. Jan


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User talk:YETIAN Revision as of 02:48, 21 June 2017 by JulieDunbar (Talk | contribs) (Welcome!)
Welcome to the Travel Forecasting Resource! We are glad you have taken the time to register and hope you will find useful information here. If not, please go the next step and contribute content, make suggestions and share resources. This is a collaborative site for the benefit of the travel forecasting community so your contributions are important! If you are not familiar with wiki based websites, please see the [pages]. Again, welcome, thank you for your interest and have fun! JulieDunbar (talk) 02:48, 21 June 2017 (UTC)


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How often did you use your smartphone to pay for things this holiday season?
With 1 billion smartphones shipped in 2013, it's safe to say mobile devices are the future of shopping, banking, and transactions – if not everything. Retailers and technology companies certainly agree, as they race to provide consumers with the ideal mobile payment system.
Before the holidays, Apple unveiled Apple Pay, a wireless payment system. Thanks to near-field communication technology, Apple Pay lets owners of the newest Apple phones and products pay for goods by scanning their phones on a payment terminal. The Apple Pay account links to a customer's credit or debit card.


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What is Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome?
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a hereditary condition associated with multiple noncancerous (benign) skin tumors, lung cysts, and an increased risk of both benign kidney tumors and kidney cancer. Symptoms of BHD generally do not appear until adulthood.
The most common skin tumors in BHD are called fibrofolliculomas. These are pale or flesh-colored tumors that occur in the hair follicles. Other skin tumors associated with BHD are trichodiscomas and acrochordons. Acrochordons are also known as skin tags, and trichodiscomas are a growth of normal-appearing tissue that builds up into a noncancerous tumor. The lung cysts in BHD do not cause problems with breathing and do not increase the risk of lung cancer. There is an increased risk of spontaneous pneumothorax, which is air leaking out of the lungs and into the chest. Spontaneous pneumothorax may result in a collapsed lung. Many different types of kidney tumors have been seen in people with BHD. Multiple tumors may occur on both kidneys. Tumors tend to grow slowly, but they are likely to develop into kidney cancer.
What causes BHD?
BHD is a genetic condition. This means that the cancer risk and other features of BHD can be passed from generation to generation in a family. A mutation (change) in a specific gene called FLCN, which creates a protein called folliculin, is believed to cause most cases of BHD. FLCN is currently thought to be a tumor suppressor gene. A tumor suppressor gene's natural role in the body is to make proteins that prevent tumor formation by limiting cell growth. Research is ongoing to learn more about BHD.
How is BHD inherited?
Normally, every cell has 2 copies of each gene: 1 inherited from the mother and 1inherited from the father. BHD follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, in which a mutation happens in only 1 copy of the gene. This means that a parent with a gene mutation may pass along a copy of their normal gene or a copy of the gene with the mutation. Therefore, a child who has a parent with a mutation has a 50% chance of inheriting that mutation. A brother, sister, or parent of a person who has a mutation also has a 50% chance of having the same mutation.
Having the mutation in 1 copy of the gene is enough to cause BHD. However, current research shows that a person with BHD must have mutations in both copies of the FLCN gene in order for a tumor to appear. A person can be born with 1 mutated gene (the autosomal dominant inheritance pattern described above) and then acquire a mutation to the second copy of the FLCN gene at some point during his or her lifetime. Then, with both copies of the FLCN gene altered, the body loses its ability to suppress tumor growth.
Options exist for people interested in having a child when they know that 1 of prospective parent carries a gene mutation that increases the risk for this hereditary cancer syndrome. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a medical procedure done in conjunction with in-vitro fertilization (IVF). It allows people who carry a specific known genetic mutation to have children who do not carry the mutation. A woman's eggs are removed and fertilized in a laboratory. When the embryos reach a certain size, 1 cell is removed and is tested for the hereditary condition in question. The parents can then choose to transfer embryos that do not have the mutation. PGD has been in use for over a decade, and more recently has been used for several hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. However, this is a complex procedure with financial, physical, and emotional factors to consider before starting. For more information, talk with an assisted reproduction specialist at a fertility clinic.
How common is BHD?
BHD is considered to be rare. The exact number of people and families who have BHD is unknown.
How is BHD diagnosed?
BHD is suspected when a person has skin tumors associated with BHD, especially if that person or his or her family members have a history of lung cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, or kidney cancer. BHD is also suspected in families with multiple cases of kidney cancer, particularly if family members have had different types of kidney cancer or specific types of kidney cancer known to be associated with BHD. Genetic testing to look for mutations in the FLCN gene is available for people suspected of having BHD.
What are the estimated cancer risks associated with BHD?
BHD is associated with an increased risk for kidney cancer, particularly the chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or hybrid chromophobe/oncocytoma types of kidney cancer. The estimated risk for kidney cancer in people with BHD is around 15%.
What are the screening options for BHD?
There are no specific screening guidelines for BHD. Due to the risk of kidney cancer, some doctors suggest that individuals who have BHD or a family history of BHD have a yearly ultrasound, which are when sound waves are used to create a picture of the internal organs, of their kidneys, beginning at age 25. Other doctors suggest an abdominal computed tomography scan (CT or CAT), creates a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body using x-rays, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in which magnetic fields, not x-rays, are used to produce detailed images of the body, every 1 to 3 years. Evaluation by a dermatologist, a doctor who specializes in problems of the skin, and screening for lung cysts are also suggested.
Screening options may change over time as new technologies are developed and more is learned about BHD. It is important to talk with your doctor about appropriate screening tests.
Learn more about what to expect when having common tests, procedures, and scans.
Questions to ask the health care team
If you are concerned about your risk for kidney cancer, talk with your doctor. Consider asking the following questions:
What is my risk of developing kidney cancer?
What can I do to reduce my risk of cancer?
What are my options for cancer screening?
If you are concerned about your family history and think your family may have BHD, consider asking the following questions:
Does my family history increase my risk of developing kidney cancer?
Are the skin tumors on me or on my family members consistent with a diagnosis of BHD?
Does it suggest the need for a cancer risk assessment?
Will you refer me to a genetic counselor or other genetics specialist?
Should I consider genetic testing?
Related Resources
What to Expect When You Meet With a Genetic Counselor
Collecting Your Family Cancer History
Sharing Genetic Test Results with Your Family
More Information
Kidney Cancer Association
National Cancer Institute
American Cancer Society
To find a genetic counselor in your area, ask your doctor or visit the following website:
National Society of Genetic Counselors


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Matt Adcock reviews Incredibles 2 (PG)
It's been 14 years since the incredible Incredibles burst onto the scene and delivered some of the best cinematic super hero action we've ever had. That first tale was essentially an origin story about which introduced the Parr super family and friends. Now with Incredibles 2 the action picks up immediately from where the first film finished with the heroes taking on the Underminer (John Ratzenberger) and his drill weapon.
If you're new to this super party the family are made up of dad Bob / Mr Incredible (Craig T. Nelson), mum Helen / Elastigirl (Holly Hunter), daughter Violet (Sarah Vowell), son Dashiell / Dash (Huck Milner) and baby Jack Jack. Each has unique powers which they will have to call upon to fight off a new threat although in a pleasing switch it is Mrs Parr who takes the action lead whilst Bob minds the kids.
New characters include Winston Deavor (Bob Odenkirk) and Evelyn Deavor (Catherine Keener), who want Elastigirl to front a campaign to help persuade politicians to lift the ban on super heroes. And against this backdrop we get to go a giddying rush of action wonderfully woven in to plenty of laugh-out-loud comedy.
Sequels often feel like cash in on the originals but Incredibles 2 demonstrates how good they can be when they build on the character arcs of the first film. Watching new bad guy on the block Screenslaver (Bill Wise), who sends hypno-signals to bend the minds of those who watch their screens too much, chimes with how many parents are trying to limit the screen usage of their children so makes for a very timely force of evil. But how do you fight an enemy who can make anyone turn to his side? Only through teamwork!
It's great fun to see alpha-male Bob being forced to deal with domestic family-raising – struggling with his own mini mid-life crisis whist his wife kicks all kinds of butt thanks to her shape changing elasti-powers. It all build up to a satisfying climactic smackdown which in true Avengers or Justice League style dishes out moments for each of the heroes and their pals like Frozone (Samuel L Jackson) to play their part.
Incredibles 2 is a worthy follow up to an all time classic.


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In November of last year, right after Breast Cancer Awareness Month wrapped up in October, we pledged to keep pushing for breast cancer awareness year-round. It's been almost a year since that date, and we've made some great strides in raising community awareness and action around breast cancer.
September 2010 – Emory Healthcare launched an overhauled breast health microsite to provide educational resources on breast health and breast cancer to web users. Website release is followed by launch of Emory Healthcare and Winship at Emory cancer blog.
November 2010 – Pledged to keep breast cancer awareness going throughout the year. Started by asking for feedback from the community. Those who provided feedback, tips & stories were entered to win tickets to the GA Tech v. UConn women's basketball game.
Feburary 2011 – The Emory Breast Center and Winship Cancer Institute partnered with Georgia Tech women's basketball again, this time for their "PINK" game. Breast cancer survivors joined together to form the tunnel the Lady Yellow Jackets ran through to enter the game.
March 2011 – The Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University received a high impact donation from the Wilbur and Hilda Glenn Family Foundation in the amount of $5 million. The donation contributes to supporting breast cancer patient care, research, education and community outreach.
October 2011 – The Winship Cancer Institute and Emory Breast Center kick off Breast Cancer Awareness Month by hosting a live online web chat with breast surgeon and surgical oncologist, Dr. Toncred Styblo. The well-attended chat provided a free opportunity for the community to ask questions about breast cancer risk, prevention, screening and more.
October 2011 – Emory Healthcare and the Winship Cancer Institute partner with 11 Alive News for an hour-long community education special on beating breast and prostate cancer that is aired across the Atlanta area and various cities across the nation.
And we're not done yet! The Emory Breast Center has a number of events lined up in the month of October to keep momentum going.
All of our team members from Emory Healthcare, the Winship Cancer Institute and the Emory Breast Center would like to thank our community for helping us make this an awesome year for breast cancer prevention awareness. We have lots more to do to keep the momentum going!
In the comments below, we'd love it if you'd share with us an example of something you've done over the last year to help promote breast cancer awareness.


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|60 min sports massage add another, change
|Sarah Eggleton-Dessel
|Thu, Dec 26 2019 at 2:30 PM (MST) change
If you do not receive a email confirmation for your appointment after booking it may not of booked completely. If this occurs please call us ASAP at 605 391 1678 so we may confirm that your appointment did book .
Our team is excited to be of assistance if you have any questions related to health concerns or special requests please contact us at 605 391-1678 before you book .
If you would like to request a specific Therapist for your service please select your therapist berfore selecting your appointment time or select no preference to see all availability. this option will come up after you select the type of service you want at the top of the availability screen next to STAFF and will show all therapist (no preference)who offer that service unless you specify a certain therapist .
We reserve the right to terminate any session if we feel our or our clients or practiohealth may be at risk. We comply to all state board rules and regulations.
Please cancel or make changes with in 48 hours .
Thank you in advance,
CMT, LMT and owner
Tara Mechaley


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- Home
- Eastwood MIG TIG Plasma Welding Cart
Eastwood MIG TIG Plasma Welding Cart
Eastwood MIG TIG Plasma Welding Cart
Item #11616 Brand: Eastwood
This Welder Cart is Eastwood-designed to hold our welders plus our Plasma Cutter on the same welding cart! Will also accommodate welding accessories and bottle.
The Eastwood MIG TIG and Plasma Welding Cart Features:
- Top shelf holds a welder
- The bottom shelf will hold a Versa Cut Plasma Cutter
- The middle shelf of the welding cart allows storage of necessary welding accessories
- The Gas Bottle Mount incorporates a TIG Rod Holder to store up to 6 different tubes of filler rods
- The design of the top shelf allows for the side access door on the MIG's to be opened without taking the welder off the cart
- Heavy duty front castor wheels
- Molded Heavy Duty Rear Wheels
- Satin Black Powder coated finish
- Cut out in rear to allow plasma cutter cable routing through the rear of the cart
- Holds up to an 125CF Gas Bottle
- Front Mounted Handle for easy maneuverability around the shop
- Two side hooks for cable storage
This welding cart is designed by The Eastwood Company to make storage, accessibility and maneuverability of your welders and welding equipment easier than ever before.This cart incorporates a top shelf which will hold the MIG135, MIG175, or theTIG-200 welder. The bottom shelf will store your Versa Cut Plasma Cutter while the middle shelf allows storage of necessary welding accessories. The Gas Bottle Mount even incorporates a TIG Rod Holder to store up to 6 different tubes of filler rods. Assembles with simple hand tools.
Includes: Welding Cart with assembly Instructions
Welding Cart Dimensions
Total Height - 26"
Total Width - 16"
Total Length (not including Handle) - 32"
Total Length (including Handle) - 38"
Top Shelf Width - 11.75"
Middle Shelf Width - 11.75"
Bottom Shelf Width - 11.75"
Top Shelf Length - 20"
Middle Shelf Length - 15"
Bottom Shelf Length - 17.5"
Maximum Weight Capacity: 350 LBS.
This cart is intended to hold an 125 CF gas bottle, using a bottle larger than this is not recommended.
Always wear safety glasses and follow common practices when using hand tools.
Click here to see welding safety products
Will hold the following combinations:
MIG135 and the Versa Cut Plasma Cutter
MIG175 and the Versa Cut Plasma Cutter
TIG200 and the Versa Cut Plasma Cutter
MIG250 and the Versa Cut Plasma Cutter
May possibly fit other brand units as well
Product Video
Eastwood Offers Free Lifetime Technical Support
Click here for product SDS information
Attention California Residents - Proposition 65
WARNING - Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65Warnings.ca.gov
Customer Reviews
Questions & Answers
Customers also viewed:
Holds 2 welders and gas bottles, plus consumables for easy movement around the shopOnly $199.99
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Only $69.99
Sale $55.97


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The current recovery in advanced economies is now exhibiting several signs of fragility. Their medium term growth prospects also look difficult. In this environment two questions arise: Will developing economies experience a renewed downward "recoupling" as a result of a low-growth scenario in advanced economies? Or, on the contrary, could developing countries "switchover" to become locomotives in the global economy, providing a countervailing force against an otherwise slowing-down train? As discussed in my new paper, here are some of the factors pushing in these two opposite directions.
Several factors point to a medium-term reduction of both actual and potential growth in most advanced economies. First, sooner or later fiscal consolidation will become a major issue among advanced economies once—or even before—recovery is fully established. Future fiscal contraction negatively affecting the private sector will be the price paid for the role of fiscal stimulus in helping rescue advanced economies from the brink of the abyss during the crisis.
Secondly, the process of US households' balance-sheet deleveraging and adjustment is far from complete. Consumption spending growth is likely to remain weak and/or wobbly in the absence of large renewed hikes in asset prices.
A third aspect to weigh against a return to a high-growth path is the likely jobless nature of the current recovery in many high-income countries. Slow-to-reverse shocks—a financial crisis combined with a house price bust, cross-sector differentiated job creation/destruction—have been in play and continued macroeconomic uncertainty is also countering employment growth.
Fourth, all financial sector re-regulation proposals under discussion point to higher costs of financial intermediation. After all, the general purpose is to curb the unbridled "endogenous liquidity factories" and excessive leverage that led to widespread asset bubbles in the run-up to the economic crisis.
Developing economies as a whole are not big enough to rescue the world economy from the scenario of low growth in advanced economies. In terms of levels, the size of G7 economies at market prices is still 60% of world GDP and the major potential new poles of growth (China, India, and Brazil) might count no more than 30%. As time passes by, however, the absolute size of the two groups of countries may reverse positions. However, that will depend on the ability of developing countries to tap into some possible sources of autonomous growth.
First, the fast recovery in many emerging markets has reflected the good shape and sustainability of their national balance sheets. Looking forward, there is in principle a wide range of greenfield investment opportunities in developing economies—especially in infrastructure—that may benefit from higher financial leverage by both public and private sectors. Nonetheless, public sector management capacities and appropriate governance mechanisms must be in place so as to guarantee the use of adequate criteria in project choices and designs, as well as to avoid misappropriation of returns. The current surge in private capital flows to emerging markets with a profile potentially conducive to fostering asset market bubbles, rather than to building greenfield assets, is a potential pitfall.
Secondly, most developing countries face a technological convergence gap relative to the frontier level of knowledge in advanced economies. Unexploited latecomer advantages are a venue for local productivity improvements via technology transfer and adaptation that remains open and wide even if the advance of technology frontiers slows down in high-income countries. But again policy challenges will have to be faced. Absence of complementary factors such as reliable infrastructure, access to finance, and provision of formally educated labor force must be gradually mitigated. Furthermore, institutional factors that negatively affect the "investment climate" tend to harm investments in technology and must be addressed.
Thirdly, provided that domestic absorption in developing countries as a whole rises relative to its own production potential and South-South trade openness is reinforced, one might see a new round of successful export-led growth experiences. After World War II, Europe and Japan sustained a long growth cycle through a process of technological and mass-consumption catching up with the US frontier. Whereas, from the 1990s onward, many developing economies achieved high growth facilitated by innovations in information and communication technologies, combined with globalization, but with an important role left to developed countries for absorption of their output. The time may now have come for better matching of increases in production and consumption within developing countries. That rebalancing in itself could become a powerful tool to fasten the speed of reducing poverty and inequality.
Programs of investment in infrastructure and human capital, poverty reduction, and social inclusion in developing countries would stimulate local consumption and investment, producing positive feedback loops. A higher role for effective networks of social protection and for active poverty-reduction policies in developing countries may therefore become a component of sustainable global growth.
Finally, natural-resource intensive developing countries may benefit from the fact that the relative demand for commodities tends to remain strong in the medium term, to the extent world growth after the crisis will be more dependent on developing countries as a group and demand in these countries is more commodity intensive than elsewhere. Once again, as long as appropriate governance and revenue administration mechanisms are put in place, particularly to avoid rent-seeking behavior, natural-resource availability may be a "blessing" for those countries.
The bird's eye view taken here leads us to conclude that, yes, there is a scope for a switchover where developing countries as a whole take on a greater role as global locomotive and move global growth forward, offsetting forces toward a negative recoupling deriving from less buoyancy in advanced countries. Nevertheless, comprehensive homework in terms of domestic policies and reforms will be fundamental to accomplish that mission.
To read the paper where the subject is more thoroughly discussed, please click here.


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Ice cream is finally here in Hayes Valley! YES!
Starting this very afternoon you can now indulge yourself in a variety of jaw dropping flavors made from scratch right before your very eyes thanks to our very own local fancy handmade ice cream makers at Smitten. They're just up the block from the Isotope in the rapidly-developing (and completely cool) Hayes Valley Proxy Projecct. I think Smitten's brand of swoon-inducing treats is a really fantastic addition to the already amazing neighborhood.
I'm looking forward to letting that poor sucker Ron Richards get the mayorship to this place on Foursquare… just so I can send him cruel texts letting him know I stole it from him mere hours later like I did just this week with his most-coveted Fatted Calf!
(Smitten photo c/o Yelp's Kymberli C.)


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Cattle health company is looking to make renewed commitment to
producers and consumer agriculture education through Farm American
DENVER (Feb. 8, 2012) – Furniture Row Racing announced today that Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.(BIVI) has signed a letter of intent to develop a business plan of becoming a partner with the NASCAR team's Farm American program for the 2013 season.
Furniture Row Racing created the Farm American program in 2010, an initiative to bring awareness to the importance of keeping America's food supply produced in the United States.
Over the past 25 years, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., an animal health company with U.S.
headquarters in St. Joseph, Mo., has supported its growth through research and development of innovative products for the livestock, equine and companion animal markets. Innovation and research are the keys to BIVI success.
"There has never been a better time to show support for American Agriculture. It is a strong, vibrant business that consumers need to know more about – that's why we're so honored to work with Furniture Row Racing to develop a plan on becoming a Farm American partner in 2013," said Colin Meyers, Executive Director, U.S. Cattle Business at Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.
BIVI's cattle division introduced a new way of thinking this year, Prevention Works. A partnership with Farm American enhances this industry commitment.
"The unique opportunity offered with Farm American will allow us to support consumer agriculture education that is so vital today," added Meyers. "Our Prevention Works focus is an animal health philosophy that is better for the animal, better for the producer, and better for the consumer."
Joe Garone, general manager of the Denver-based Furniture Row Racing, is equally excited about establishing a partnership with BIVI.
"We are thrilled that a world-class company like Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. has shown an interest in becoming a 2013 partner with our Farm American program, which continues to attract attention in the agriculture community," said Garone "The staffs from both Furniture Row Racing and Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica are excited about working together to develop a strategic plan to further the important work of Farm American."


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After suffering a couple of box-office disappointments, Tom Cruise posted his first No. 1 film opening in years at the multiplex this weekend.
The 50-year-old's science fiction flick "Oblivion" was the only new movie to hit theaters this weekend and easily claimed the top spot, debuting with a respectable $38.2 million, according to an estimate from distributor Universal Pictures. That figure includes screenings from Thursday evening, when the movie began playing in many locations at 7 p.m.
The film's opening is a win for Cruise, especially considering the movie did not benefit from 3-D ticket surcharges and was not part of a franchise. The actor is also coming off a tough year at the box office, as his two 2012 releases proved to be lackluster.
VIDEO: Tom Cruise and Joseph Kosinski talk 'Oblivion'
The musical "Rock of Ages," in which he starred as an oft-shirtless debauched rock 'n' roll star, flopped with just $56.4 million worldwide. His action flick "Jack Reacher" ended up in solid shape with its $216.6 million global tally -- but 63% of its sales came from abroad, where studios ultimately recoup far less of a percentage of the box office.
"An original concept did this well? It's like we're in church and bells are going off," joked Nikki Rocco, Universal's president of domestic distribution. "Tom Cruise is charismatic and a great actor, and people recognize that."
If "Oblivion" is to be a strong domestic performer, it will have to generate strong word of mouth -- a potential challenge, given that opening-weekend audiences assigned the film an average grade of B-, according to market research firm CinemaScore.
The movie attracted mostly older men, as 74% of the crowd were over the age of 25 and 57% were men. In exit polls, moviegoers listed Cruise as their primary reason for attending "Oblivion," followed by the sci-fi genre, according to Universal.
Rocco insisted that she wasn't worried about the CinemaScore hurting grosses in the coming weeks, saying that the grade came in on Friday evening "when there was a lot of diversion" from the capture of a Boston marathon bombings suspect. The city -- which represents about 1% of moviegoing nationwide -- was on lockdown on Friday as police searched for the suspect, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev. However, after Tsarnaev's arrest late Friday, ticket sales for "Oblivion" in the area jumped 44% from Friday to Saturday, Rocco said.
The film, which the studio said it co-financed with Elliot Inc. for $120 million, was already playing in most international countries last weekend. The movie collected an additional $33.7 million abroad this weekend from 60 foreign markets, raising its total abroad to $112 million.
Like last weekend, the movie again did best in Russia, where it sold $3.5 million worth of tickets. The picture has yet to open in China and Japan.
Meanwhile, the weekend's runner-up position went to the Jackie Robinson biopic "42," which saw its A+ CinemaScore pay off as ticket sales dropped just 34% to $18 million. After 10 days in theaters, the $40-million baseball drama has already collected $54.1 million and should end being a hit for distributor Warner Bros.
'Oblivion': A closer look at the Bubble Ship design
Tom Cruise will be back on top of box office with 'Oblivion'
Video: 'Oblivion' Q&A; with Tom Cruise and Joseph Kosinski
Roger Ebert: Career in pictures
ENVELOPE: The latest awards buzz
PHOTOS: Greatest box office flops


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Q: How does carbonate hardness affect my pond and fish?
Bob – Underhill, VT
A: Hard water, soft water – you're probably familiar with these terms as they relate to the water flowing through your home's plumbing. But the water in your pond or lake can be hard or soft, too, and it matters to your fish, particularly if you're using algaecides or herbicides.
A Natural Buffer
The technical term for hard or soft water is "carbonate hardness" and, simply put, it refers to the amount of calcium and magnesium present in the water. The greater the water's alkalizing mineral content, the harder the water is. Those microscopic minerals actually act as a buffer that offsets swings or dramatic changes in your pond or lake's pH level caused by chemicals found in algaecides and herbicides.
Fish Friendly
The beneficiaries of the hard water's buffering calcium and magnesium are your fish. Carbonate hardness in your pond or lake affects the sensitivity of certain fish—mainly trout, koi and goldfish—to the acidifying chemicals found in algaecides and herbicides. If you have high carbonate hardness, or hard water that contains more than 50 ppm of the minerals, the fish are less likely be affected compared to those fish in that are in soft water.
Measuring Minerals
If you're curious about your water's carbonate hardness level, or you plan to use an algaecide or herbicide in your lake that requires hardness to be at about 50 ppm, test your water with a Carbonate Hardness Test Strip.
The strips are easy to use. Simply open the pouch and dip it into the water for three seconds, remove it from the water, wait 20 seconds for the water to mix with the solution in the pouch, and remove the strip. To see what your water's carbonate hardness is, match the color on the strip to the color block on the package.
Remember to perform this test each time before you treat your pond with herbicides or algaecides as the levels of calcium and magnesium in the water may fluctuate.
Pond Talk: How often do you test your lake for carbonate hardness?
Filed under: Carbonate Hardness, Pond & Lake | Tagged: Carbonate Hardness, Water Testing | 1 Comment »


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Jonathan Groff Gossip
Jonathan Groff gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
Gay & Straight Summer Love in NYC
Michelle Williams and Jason Segal went for a walk in New York on Saturday with Matilda and the nanny. Look at him. He's wearing his hair shorter. He's hot. Just like she glowed the other night from the inside - click here for a refresher - his happiness is making him prettier too. Full Story


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A few weeks ago I found out that I needed to have a tooth pulled. Blah! I had a crown come loose and the root underneath was cracked & split. I had my appointment scheduled for this morning and it went very smoothly. The oral surgeon was great and even hooked me up with some Vicodin for the pain! Yeah! LOL! So tonight's menu and tomorrow was all about comfort food. Food that I didn't have to put much effort into chewing and to just make me feel good. For the main course I made homemade Macaroni & Cheese. I used a recipe from Betty Crocker's Cookbook with some modifications. It came out wonderful! The kids weren't super crazy about it, but they are used to Velveeta or Kraft Mac & Cheese. Here are some pictures:
With Bush's Baked Beans, topped with some grape tomatoes:
Baked Macaroni & Cheese
2.5 – 3 cups uncooked pasta (I used Trader Joe's)
¼ cup butter
¼ cup GF flour (I used sorghum)
½ tsp salt
¼ tsp pepper
¼ tsp ground mustard
¼ tsp Worcestershire sauce (Lea & Perrin's is GF)
2 cups milk
2 – 4 cups shredded cheddar cheese (8 – 16 ounces, depending on how cheesy you want your macaroni & cheese; I use 2% milk fat cheese from Kraft)
Bread Crumbs
1. Heat oven to 375 degrees.
2. Cook macaroni as directed on package.
3. While macaroni is cooking, melt butter in 3-quart saucepan over low heat. Stir in flour, salt, pepper, mustard and Worcestershire sauce. Cook over low heat, stirring constantly, until mixture is smooth and bubbly. Remove from heat; Stir in Milk. Heat to boiling, stirring constantly. Boil and stir 1 minute. Stir in cheese. Cook, stirring occasionally, until cheese is melted.
4. Drain Macaroni. Gently stir macaroni into cheese sauce. Pour into greased (I use Pam) 2-quart casserole. Top with breadcrumbs and spray top with Pam. Bake uncovered for 20 – 30 minutes or until bubbly.
Serves 5 (1 cup servings). Calories: 463 if you use 2 cups of cheese; 595 if you use 4 cups of cheese.
For dessert we had an amazingly wonderful chocolate treat. A friend from a forum that I frequent posted this recipe this afternoon and I knew I had to try it. Not only was it chocolate, my fav, but it screamed "comfort food" to me. The recipe is called "Dangerous Chocolate Cake In-A-Mug".
Some pics of it in the mug still:
On a plate with some Edy's Slow Churned Vanilla Bean Ice Cream
Delectable, scrumptious, all of the above.
Dangerous Chocolate Cake In-A-Mug**Recipe Courtesy of Courtney (Aug 02 Playgroup)
1 coffee mug
4 Tbsp. flour (I used a GF mix of rice, potato & tapioca; no xanthan gum)
4 Tbsp. Sugar (I lowered this to 3 TBSP)
2 Tbsp. Cocoa
1 egg
3 Tbsp. Milk
3 Tbsp. Oil
Small splash of vanilla
3 Tbsp. Chocolate chips, necessary 🙂
Add dry ingredients to mug, mix well with a fork.
Add egg, mix thoroughly.
Pour in milk and oil and vanilla, mix well.
Add chips, if using.
Put mug in microwave, and cook for three minutes on 1000 watts.
Cake will rise over top of mug–do not be alarmed!
Allow to cool a little; tip onto a plate if desired.
Filed under: Gluten-Free, Gluten-Free Recipes | Tagged: baked macaroni and cheese; chocolate cake in a mug; comfort food |


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CFA's publications department currently produces three publications, the Online Almanac, the CatTalk
Almanac, and our flagship publication, the CFA Yearbook.
The first CFA Yearbook was published in 1958, and in 1973 it was expanded to a large (9" x 12") hard cover
designer edition. In 2003, the Yearbook was redesigned as an 8-1/2" x 11" format. The YEARBOOK is published annually with the
continuing history of CFA and exceptional pictures of the finest pedigreed cats in the world.
The CFA Yearbook contains the current CFA Constitution; award winners; Grand Champions, Grand Premiers
and Distinguished Merits; interesting articles and feature stories by breeders, research scientists, and veterinarians;
as well as breeder advertising.
The CFA YEARBOOK is a prized addition to any library - order yours today!
CatTalk Almanac began publication in November of 2011, and is a bi-monthly magazine that captures the
many voices of CFA. With its first-person view,
CatTalk Almanac serves as the heart and soul of the CFA exhibitor. Through its intent as a member-driven publication,
CatTalk Almanac is dedicated to reflecting the organization's diverse membership and wide range of interests.
Subscribe now and read the latest news about our Fancy!
ONLINE ALMANAC! A User's Guide of the Online Almanac is provided so that you can see what it has to offer.
Please take this opportunity to explore CFA's newest publication and its various features.
A 1 year subscription to the Online Almanac is $59.00 - to subscribe
create a user account, or log on to an existing user account.
CFA produces a monthly eNewsletter that is available for free to anyone who subscribes. It is published on the 15th of each month and is emailed to subscribers. It includes news of interest to active breeders, exhibitors, CFA club members, show committees, clerks, judges, breed council members and everyone else seriously involved in CFA.
View a sample copy
The Cat Fanciers' Almanac was directed to serious breeders and exhibitors of pedigreed cats. As the official bi-monthly
publication of CFA, it contained the official records of the Association; schedules of upcoming shows and the results of
shows held under the Association's rules; articles on breeding, health and care, and showing; highlights of new
Grand Champions/Premiers, and sires and dams reaching the Distinguished Merit level; national and regional award winners;
commercial and breeder advertising.
The Cat Fanciers' Almanac ceased publication with the October/November 2007 issue.
Get Meow Power and Subscribe to Cat Talk, the CFA's bi-monthly, print magazine that captures the many voices of the Cat Fanciers' Association.
Subscribe >
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*Please contact dealer to verify price, options, and other vehicle details.
MPG Disclaimer: *Based on 2019 EPA mileage and driving range ratings. Use for comparison purposes only. Your MPGe/MPG and driving range will vary depending on driving conditions, how you drive and maintain your vehicle, battery age/condition, and other factors.
Pre-owned Internet Pricing Is Only Available For Prime Lender Financing (680+ FICO Score). Financing Not Obtained Through Lumberton Honda, Non-Prime And Cash Transactions Will Result In An Increase In Price Of $1,000. Second Key, Floor Mats, Owner's Manual May Not Be Available On All Pre-Owned Vehicles While Every Reasonable Effort Is Made To Ensure The Accuracy Of This Data, We Are Not Responsible For Any Errors Or Omissions Contained On These Pages. Price Does Not Include Tax, Tag, Title, Reconditioning Fees and $899 Dealer Fee.


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January Scrapbook Products for Any Climate
January is a great time to scrapbook, whether you live where snow is everywhere, or where the sun is shining and everyone is at the beach. Use these products to create your January layouts, wherever you live.
If you want a bright and colorful snowy look:
Winter Joy Collection
To create a lovely metallic look:
Treasure Rainbow Pigment Ink Pad
If you spend January by the seaside:
Seaside paper pad
If you celebrate Chinese New Year:
Harmony collection
For a glittery look:
Frosting Puffy Stickers
For a New Year's celebration:
Socialite collection
Related Links:
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This degree program was recommended by the Academic Senate in its meeting of April 12, 1984, was approved by the Chancellor on January 24, 1986, and received the concurrence of the President on February 26, 1986.
Subject: MASTER OF MUSIC DEGREE (code 7-5820)
The Master of Music degree program provides professional concentrations in Composition and in Performance with three options: Conducting, Opera, and Instrumental and Vocal Performance.
1. A Bachelor of Music degree, or a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in Music or the equivalent, from an accredited institution, with a minimum of 24 upper-division units of Music comparable those required at this University.
2. All applicants are required to complete the Department of Music Graduate Placement Examination before they register for courses applicable to the Master of Music degree. (Under special circumstances, a student may take the examination during the first semester in which he or she is registered in courses applicable to the degree.)
3. Criteria according to concentration:
a. Composition - submission and approval of a portfolio of representative original scores and evidence of baccalaureate- level competency as required in the Bachelor of Music Composition Option.
b. Performance -
Conducting: successful completion of a conducting examination and approval by the conducting faculty.
Opera and Instrumental / Vocal Performance: an audition both at a performance level and with a repertory on an instrument or in voice acceptable to the faculty of the specific performance medium.
4. A grade point average of 3.00 or better in upper-division Music. Students who do not meet the 3.00 grade point average requirement or specified balance within the required 24 units of upper-division Music but who possess outstanding or unusual qualifications that promise a significant contribution to the Master of Music program may petition for a special review from the Department Graduate Advisory Council.
Advancement to Candidacy:
1. Satisfy all the general University requirements, including passing the Writing Proficiency Examination.
2. Remove all undergraduate deficiencies, which were determined by the departmental Graduate Placement Examination and/or the Dean of the School of Fine Arts.
3. Pass the Department of Music Qualifying Examinations.
4. Submit an approved project or thesis proposal, and a graduate degree program appoved by the student's Thesis Committee, the Graduate Advisor, Department Chair, and the Dean of the School of Fine Arts.
Requirements for the Master of Music Degree code (7-5820)
1. Thirty (30) units are required for the Master of Music degree.
2. Courses required of all Master of Music students, 13 units:
MUS 541 or 542; one course from MUS 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566; MUS 696 (should be taken the first time it is offered during the student's residency); MUS 698.
3. Additional courses required for the Composition concentration, 17 units: 2 units of MUS 529 (section by advisement); MUS 541 or 542, whichever was not taken in requirement #2., above; MUS 645 and 646; 6 units of Music electives selected by advisement.
4. Additional courses required in the Performance concentrations, 17 units:
Conducting: 2 units of MUS 500 or 600; 2 units of MUS 529 (section by advisement); MUS 520, 595 (section by advisement); 7 units of Music electives selected by advisement.
Opera: 4 units of MUS 529; 2 units of MUS 530, 532; 3 units of THEA 431 or other Theatre Arts or Dance course chosen by advisement; 7 units of Music electives selected by advisement. Students in this concentration are strongly encouraged to include dance and theatre courses as well as MUS 569.
Instrumental / Vocal: 4 units of MUS 500 or 600; 4 units of MUS 529; 9 units of Music electives selected by advisement. Keyboard majors are required to take MUS 567 and are strongly encouraged to select their 6 electives from mus 533 A,B and MUS 526 A,B.
5. An oral examination and defense of the thesis, recital, or project (MUS 698).
EFFECTIVE: Fall 1986


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We're giving away five copies of the Kaufman Field Guide to Advanced Birding—each one signed by the author, Kenn Kaufman. To enter the giveaway, just leave a comment below, and be sure to include a viable email address (it won't show up on the page). The official rules are below. The contest ends at midnight, Friday, March 29, 2013. In the meantime, Kaufman shares a bit about the fantastic guide below. Good luck!
In the two decades since the first edition of Advanced Birding was published, the amount of information available has increased by staggering amounts. In the late 1980s, a serious birder's reference library on ID would have included Gulls: A Guide to Identification by P. J. Grant, Shorebirds: An Identification Guide by Peter Hayman et al., and a handful of detailed articles from British and American birding magazines.
Amazon.com"/>Today there are multiple fine books specifically treating the identification of gulls, shorebirds, hawks, hummingbirds, and any other group you can think of, and so many fine articles have been published that it is impossible to keep track of them all. In the late 1980s, Peter Pyle had just produced a first slim guide to the molts and plumages of songbirds. Today that guide has been superseded by two fat volumes by Pyle, totalling over 1,500 pages, detailing molt, plumage sequences, and geographic variation of every North American bird. In the late 1980s an expert birder asked me, in all seriousness, whether the Pomarine Jaeger even has a distinct plumage as a juvenile. Today it takes a few clicks on the Internet to find dozens of photos of this plumage, and many of these actually are identified correctly! What had been a trickle of published material has become a torrent. While the challenge formerly had been to find basic information on identifying most birds, the challenge now is to sift through the blizzards of information to find those points that are relevant, significant, and reliable.
As times change, reference books and field guides must change also. The first edition of Advanced Birding included detailed chapters on identification of 34 species pairs or groups, providing information that was not readily available to most birders. Simply updating that book now without changing its focus would hardly serve a useful purpose, because virtually all birders have access to vastly more information today than they did in 1990.
If I were to simply list more and more field marks for more species, this guide would take on the dimensions of an encyclopedia before it added materially to what is already available. So in this edition I have taken a different approach altogether, and the focus here is on how to identify birds, or how to learn to identify birds. In other words, it's not about memorizing field marks, it's about truly understanding what you see and hear.
Most of this book, then, consists of a thorough exploration of how to look at birds and how to listen to them, how to come to grips with the special challenges of each group of birds. Unlike many field guides, this one is not designed for quick reference in the field. The best time to study it is before going out to look at birds. The first seven chapters will help orient you to universal aspects of bird recognition. Then, if you're heading to the tidal flats or the sewage ponds, read the chapter on learning to identify shorebirds. If you're heading to a hawkwatch site, read the chapter on learning to identify birds of prey. And so on.
In addition to all these introductory chapters, I have included ten "sample" chapters treating specific groups in depth. These should be useful in their own right, but they also illustrate various principles: the challenges involved in identifying jaegers, for example, are very different from those we encounter with Empidonax flycatchers. As you master the identification of more groups of birds, you will develop the kind of background knowledge that makes it easier to learn even more.
1) Sponsor: Audubon Magazine, an operating unit of National Audubon Society, Inc., 225 Varick Street, New York, NY 10014 ("Audubon Magazine" or "Audubon").
2) No purchase necessary.
3) The "Kaufman Field Guide Giveaway" ("Contest") is open from 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time ("ET") on March 4, 2013 through 11:59 p.m. ET on March 29, 2013;
4) Eligible entrants must be at least 18 years old as of March 4, 2013, a resident of the contiguous 48 United States. Employees, officers, and directors of Sponsors, and each of their respective parents, subsidiaries, and any and all entities directly associated with the Contest, including immediate family members and members of the same household, are not eligible to participate (collectively with Sponsor, the "Contest Entities"). Void where prohibited by law. Contest is governed by U.S. law and subject to all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations. By entering the Contest, entrants agree to accept and be bound by all the terms of these Official Rules and Regulations ("Official Rules").
5) To enter leave a comment by completing the "Your name", "E-mail" and "Comment" fields (the Submission") on the following article page of Audubon Magazine's website: http://mag.audubon.org/articles/living/win-signed-copy-kaufman-field-guide-advanced-birding. The "Homepage" field on such article page is optional and will have no effect on your chances. Email addresses submitted with any Submission must be valid. Sponsors reserve the right in their sole discretion to disqualify and remove any Submission at any time in the event it is determined Submission is offensive, inappropriate, not in keeping with Sponsor's image or if it is determined that the entrant has not otherwise complied with any portion of these Official Rules.
6) Only one entry permitted per person.
7) Odds of winning depend on the number of entries received.
8) Five winners will each receive one copy of the book The Kaufman Field Guide to Advanced Birding, by Kenn Kaufman, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 2011 (value: $21) (Total value of all prizes: $105).
9) Winners will be selected by a random drawing conducted by Audubon Magazine on April 5 and notified by Audubon Magazine via email on or before April 8, 2013. If within five (5) business days using Audubon Magazine's reasonable effort, any winner does not respond to Audubon Magazine's notification email, or otherwise cannot be contacted, or is found to be ineligible, an alternate winner may be selected.
10) Sponsors are not responsible for any incorrect or inaccurate entry information, viruses, bugs, malfunctions, or other any other errors, human or otherwise, regardless of the cause (collectively, an "Error"). In the event of any Error, Sponsors reserve the right, in their sole discretion to discontinue, suspend, cancel, or modify the Contest. In the event of cancellation, Sponsors reserve the right to judge all eligible, non-suspect entries received prior to the Error requiring such cancellation using the selection procedure outlined above. Sponsors, joint and severally, reserve the right in their sole discretion to disqualify any entrant at any time in the event of any evidence of false or deceptive acts by an entrant, including, but not limited to, multiple Submissions or Submissions generated by script, macro or other automatic means; any Submission determined to be offensive, inappropriate or not in keeping with Sponsors' image; or failure to otherwise comply with these Official Rules. Prize is subject to availability. No substitution or transfer of prizes or cash redemptions permitted, except at Sponsor's sole discretion. Sponsor reserves the right to substitute for any reason whatsoever a prize (or portion thereof) of comparable or greater value, at their sole discretion. Sponsors do not have, nor shall have in the future, any duty or liability, direct or indirect, vicarious, contributory, or otherwise, with respect to the infringement or protection of any copyright in and to entrant's Submission. Winners are responsible for the reporting and payment of all taxes as well as any other costs and expenses associated with acceptance and use of their prize not specified herein as being awarded.
11) Contest Entities and their designees have the right, unless prohibited by law, to use entrant's name, city and state of residence, voice, picture and likeness, without compensation, notification or approval, for the purpose of advertising and publicizing the goods, services and mission of the Contest Entities and all matters related to the Contest, in any manner or medium, now or hereafter known, throughout the world in perpetuity.
12) Entrants may be required to execute any documents necessary to perfect such rights in the Sponsors. By entering this Contest and/or accepting the prize, entrant and/or winner agrees to, and hereby does, release the Contest Entities from any and all liability, loss or damage arising from or in connection with participation or attempt to participate in the Contest and/or the awarding, receipt, use or misuse of the prize or participation in any prize related activities, and claims based on publicity rights, defamation or invasion of privacy. The Contest Entities and their parent companies, subsidiaries, affiliates and divisions, and their respective directors, officers, employees, attorneys, representatives and agents make no warranties, and hereby disclaim all warranties, express or implied, concerning any prize furnished or awarded in connection with the Contest, including, but not limited to, any winner's ability to claim a prize awarded in the Contest for reasons of the prize provider's bankruptcy, insolvency or failure to continue its business. WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF THE FOREGOING, SUCH PRIZES ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND THE CONTEST ENTITIES HEREBY DISCLAIM ALL SUCH WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND/OR NONINFRINGEMENT.
13) You may obtain the name and city of residence of winners by mailing a self-addressed stamped envelope to Kaufman Field Guide Giveaway, c/o Audubon Magazine, 225 Varick Street, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10014.
National Audubon Society Privacy Policy: http://www.audubon.org/privacy-policy.


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Guest post by Lance Ozier
Summers have always belonged to children, and the traditionally fun activities that kids enjoy while on vacation at camp might not seem to have any relationship to the skills needed to be successful in school and beyond. After all, most camps are not summer study programs — camps have always served as respites from school, as an oasis from the textbooks and homework associated with the classroom. But as recent research suggests, the seemingly fun and playful activities that engage kids at camp not only serve as important skill builders that mitigate "summer learning loss"; these camp experiences also develop what economists call "noncognitive" factors known to be predictors of life success.
As we drive at full speed into a new school year, and the memory of summer camp fades in the rear view, it seems apropos to recognize the complementary ways in which both school and camp shape the lives of children and young adults. The adoption of Common Core State Standards in almost every state is a clear indication that policy makers are addressing the need for students to analyze rather than memorize in order to equip the next generations with the 21st-century learning skills required of them in college and careers. These new standards, and the assessments being developed to measure them, will focus less on what kids know and more on how they can use their knowledge in new and different situations. For over 150 years, camps have provided landscapes of learning for generations of campers the old fashioned way, and camps now have the opportunity to lead by leaning into the future and continuing to give kids the space to practice what they learn and opportunities to explore ways of making sense of what they know in new and different ways.
A 2012 report on the role of noncognitive factors in shaping school performance issued by the University of Chicago Consortium on Chicago School Research identified behaviors, attitudes, and strategies that are critical for success in school and in later life. These factors included attendance, work habits, time management, help-seeking behaviors, self-control, persistence, and social problem-solving skills that allow students to successfully manage new environments and meet new academic and social demands. To anyone who knows the power of the summer camp experience, this list sounds very familiar. In fact, ACA has conducted important studies with conclusions aligning closely with this list of noncognitive factors — 3,395 families whose child attended one of eighty different day or resident summer camps measured growth from precamp to postcamp surveys in four domains: positive identity, social skills, physical and thinking skills, and positive values.
Now, more than ever, by simply getting better at what we already do, summer camps are well positioned to be a leader in the rapidly changing educational climate by preparing learners who will make up the fabric of this country's communities and workforce. The evidence is clear: children need more than academic knowledge to succeed in the world of tomorrow and camps have been proven to provide the kinds of experiences that 21st-century learners need.
Dr. Lance Ozier is the senior literacy specialist at the Institute for Student Achievement, a division of the Educational Testing Service. For fifteen seasons he spent his summers in the Catskill Mountains of New York at Morry's Camp. Lance now volunteers on ACA's national Committee for the Advancement of Research and Evaluation (CARE). Contact the author at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Edited and repurposed in August 2017.


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Kristen Stewart (born April 9, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Bella Swan in "The Twilight Saga." Oh yeah, I drew tons of pictures of Bella. She has also starred in films including "Panic Room" (2002), "Zathura" (2005), "In the Land of Women" (2007), "The Messengers" (2007), "Adventureland" (2009) and "The Runaways" (2010). She will star in three upcoming films in 2012: "Snow White & the Huntsman", "On the Road" and "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2." (Wikipedia Notes) Of course, this tutorial is based on "Snow White & the Huntsman." And it will be full of eye-candy! Delicious flavors of Chris Hemsworth (Thor) who is the huntsman & Sam Clafin that played a gorgeous man of the cloth in "Pirates of the Carribean: On Stranger Tides." This tutorial is dedicated to Dawn. She asked me to do this... soooo she's receiving something special from me. "hint" "hint" Guess what it is! Okay, if you've found this tut helpful, fun, interesting or whatever your fancy, please let me know. Comment, fav, or click on "Love it." That would make me happy and I'll be talking to you in the comments. You've all been wonderful to me so I've got a couple of tips on using color pastels (yaaaa). Thank you, precious ones! Luv n hugs to you all!!!
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