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Q: What's wrong with PHP's way of handling errors & exceptions?
A: When PHP encounters an error or exception it automatically displays it on the screen in a rather nasty manner and stops the script.
Q: Why should I handle errors myself?
A: Handling errors will allow a programmer to determine what exactly he\she wants to do with the error message. This can be but not limited to logging it to a database, emailing the right people automatically, and redirecting a user to a specific page while letting them know the task they tried to execute was not completed. Users aren't found of seeing cryptic messages on their screen when they're just trying to view a simple web page. This will in turn deter users from using your site.
I find that the majority or newer PHP coders handle error using the die function.
$sql = "GIVE ME ALL THE TABLES"; //that should do the trick $result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql) or die("There was an error");
Remember when you did that? It may even be in that very website you're developing right now. If an error occurs die like the function name says causes the whole script to die which causes pages to be half loaded and so forth.
Q: What about the error message?
A: User's don't care about your error messages so you should keep them to yourself!!
Let's look at a more user-friendly way of handling such situations.
Setting Up Your Error Handler Function
function error_handler($errno, $error, $file, $line, $context) { //just so we know the error handler got the error printf("The error handler got the error! The error says %s", $error); return true; } set_error_handler('error_handler'); $sql = "GIVE ME ALL THE TABLES"; $result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql); restore_error_handler();
The above code still outputs the error message to the screen but we've seen that our error handler catches errors. Our next step is to determine what you want to do with the error.
Handling The Error Effectively
function error_handler($errno, $error, $file, $line, $context) { $formated_error_message = sprintf("Error caught on line #$d in script %s
Cause of Error: %s", $line, $file, $error); //let's do something useful with our error message mail("[email protected]", "Error On www.mysite.xxx", $formated_error_message, "From: [email protected]\r\nX-Mailer: PHP/" . phpversion()); return true; //this notifies the script that we handled the error OK and not to call the default error handler } set_error_handler('error_handler'); $sql = "GIVE ME ALL THE TABLES"; $result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql); restore_error_handler();
The above snippet will attempt to email the error message to the listed recipient. You can also log your error messages to a database for an administrator or who ever else to view.
How do Create An Custom Error?
This may sound strange but there are instances where one would need to throw a particular error. For instance let's detect a mail header injection attack.
Example: Featuring trigger_error
$message = $_POST['message']; if(preg_match("#[\n]|[\r]|[\%??]#", $message)) trigger_error("An attack has been detected"); echo "Running the rest of the script...";
If you notice the message Running the rest of the script will still appear. To prevent such we can simply use this line to trigger the error
trigger_error("An attack has been detected") and exit(); //yep it's valid PHP
Hmmm...This is still not satisfying because it ends the script execution which can lead to blank pages or half loaded pages. Let's take this next script into consideration...
set_error_handler('error_handler', E_ALL); function redirect() { header("location: logger.php"); //remember not to output anything to the screen } $message = $_POST['message']; if(preg_match("#[\n]|[\r]|[\%??]#", $message)) trigger_error("An attack has been detected") and redirect(); echo "Running the rest of the script..."; restore_error_handler();
That's better. If an attack has been detected then trigger_error will like the function name says trigger an error causing our error_handler to take necessary actions. After our error has been triggered our function redirect will be called. In our redirect function we can take the necessary action to handle the injection like redirecting our hacker to a script that logs their IP address etc... The possibilities are endless
My Error Handler Doesn't Capture Exceptions!
Just as there's an error handler there can be an exception handler. Exceptions are not handled by error handlers. In order to invoke your error handler when an Exception is thrown you must trigger an error manually in the catch statement. The code below demonstrates such. Notice even when we trigger the error the rest of the script is still executed.
<?php echo "Beginning of script...
"; set_error_handler('error_handler', E_ALL); function error_handler($errno, $error, $file, $line, $context) { echo sprintf("%d
%s
%s
%d
", $errno, $error, $file, $line); return true; } try { throw new ErrorException("ErrorException thrown"); } catch(ErrorException $e) { trigger_error($e->getMessage()); } catch(Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); } restore_error_handler(); echo "End of script..."; ?>
Now you've seen much better ways to handle errors other than just using die to kill the entire script. When designing for companies or clients you WILL have to handle those errors.
My Site Never Displays Errors Because I Use @
Using @ to suppress an error isn't advised. What if when someone is purchasing an item from your site and your mail function can't work because port 25 is blocked. You will never know since the error was suppressed.
Final Comments
It's better to have two ways of keeping track of errors. In the example above I only showed you 1 method which was emailing the necessary personnel. What if the mail function doesn't work. Have a second method like logging it to a database. Refrain from logging such information in TXT files. In the case of multiple users accessing a page or script containing the error there's going to be file lock issues and loss of data.
Useful Resources
Error Handling Functions
This post has been edited by andrewsw: 30 January 2015 - 01:55 PM


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ArtDeco Blusher (magnetic) 46
Powder blusher in practical magnetic pot.The blushers are available in a very wide choice of shades and separately, and so can be combined individually.They provide brilliant colors, stay in place for ages and have a pleasant texture for soft application. The blushers are very gentle and can be applied intensely or softly at will. The can be stored in refillable magnetic boxes.

subset: commoncrawl


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The following essay is adapted from a longer article by Bruce I. Bustard, the curator of Portrait of Black Chicago.
The DOCUMERICA Project, 1971-77
If I were to begin describing to you a collection of photographs in the National Archives, taken in the early and mid-1970s by photographers on contract with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), you would probably not get too enthusiastic. And if I would then say that these photographs document "subjects of environmental concern," you would probably assume, as I did, that this collection consists of images of smog, clear-cut timber, traffic congestion, sewerage plants, and oil spills.
You would be in for a pleasant surprise.
You would be surprised because, while the images I am discussing--the records of the EPA`s DOCUMERICA Project--do, in fact, contain scenes of environmental blight, they also include many images that go well beyond any narrow definition of "environmental concern." In the holdings of DOCUMERICA are images of scenery and suburban sprawl; of life on Indian reservations, small midwestern towns, and inner cities. In fact, I would argue DOCUMERICA represents a rich documentary portrait of American life during the 1970s -- a cache of photographs that rivals in scope and power, if not size, the earlier and more famous government photography projects of the 1930s and 1940s.
The idea behind DOCUMERICA was simple. Beginning in 1972, the EPA contracted out assignments to photographers who were paid $150 a day plus film and expenses to shoot a variety of images, usually on color slide film. The film was shipped to regional labs for processing, and after edits by the photographer, the finished slides were sent to Washington, DC, where EPA staffers selected the best images to add to the
DOCUMERICA collection. Photographers received full credit for any accepted images, and any rejected images were their property. All approved DOCUMERICA images became property of the U.S. government. DOCUMERICA drew upon a long history of government photography projects, but it was the brainchild of Gifford Hampshire. In 1970 Hampshire, whose career had included jobs as a public relations executive with a camera company, a photo editor with National Geographic, and a speech writer for USIA and FDA, was working for EPA`s Office of Public Affairs. It was he who raised the idea of a documentary photography project with aides to EPA director William Rickshaws. Several of the staff members had heard of the New Deal photography projects and were intrigued with the idea of a new project dealing with environmental issues. Soon afterward, the EPA`s Office of Public Affairs asked Hampshire to organize DOCUMERICA.
By mid-1971 the DOCUMERICA project was under way, and in November EPA Administrator William Ruckelshaus announced its creation to public and press. According to Ruckelshaus, its goals were both idealistic and pragmatic. DOCUMERICA`s existence was tied to the agency`s mission to "protect and enhance our environment" because future Americans should "understand our successes and failures." DOCUMERICA`S photographic record would establish "a visual baseline" of images of 1970s America from which progress on environmental issues could be measured. As one very practical example, EPA literature cited compliance with the Clean Air Act of 1970. DOCUMERICA would "photographically record the current air pollution problems" as they existed in 1972, and later photos would chart improvements and community compliance.
In addition to assisting EPA in these concrete ways, DOCUMERICA was justified on more philosophical grounds. The photographs would depict the "impact of the environmental problem," tally the social and economic costs of environmental change, document "the environmental movement itself," and depict Americans "doing their environmental thing." It would not ignore the positive aspects of the American environment. "We`re not going to confine ourselves to showing deplorable conditions," wrote Arthur Rothstein, "we also want to show the beauty of what is worth saving." In fact, it seemed almost everything was a potential DOCUMERICA subject. Gifford Hampshire was fond of saying that the project would take Barry Commoner`s first law of ecology as its credo: "Everything is connected to everything else."
Photographic assignments varied greatly. They could be as straightforward as Gene Daniels` assignment to document "fly fishermen for conservation" in Sequoia National Park or as general as John Alexsandrowicz`s to photograph "the environmental problems" of metropolitan Cleveland, OH. However, in all cases photographers were free to interpret their charge broadly and most did. There were no "scripts" for photographers to follow because Hampshire believed that such guidelines would limit creativity. Alexsandrowicz`s photographs, for example, include not only images of smokestacks and the polluted Cuyahoga River, but of neat suburban neighborhoods, Amish communities, and local parks. Another photographer, John White, who was assigned to photograph Chicago`s South Side, described his work broadly as "portraits that reflect pride, love, beauty, hope, struggle, joy, hate, frustration, discontent, worship, and faith."
Budgetary shortfalls and internal politics killed DOCUMERICA in 1977, but by the time it ran out of money, the project had produced impressive results. DOCUMERICA photographers took some 80,000 photographs, and the DOCUMERICA collection in the National Archives and Records Administration contains almost 22,000 images. The project covers the entire United States and includes the work of several well-known photographers such as Danny Lyon, Mark St. Gil, Charles O`Rear, Arthur Tress, Yoichi Okamoto, and David Hiser. DOCUMERICA also drew on the talents of an earlier generation of documentary photographers, employing John Vachon and Arthur Rothstein (two well-known, former FSA photographers) as consultants during the early days of the project.
While it is unfortunate that DOCUMERICA was so short-lived
and that it failed to become a permanent institution as Hampshire had
envisioned, it did live up to its lofty goals. Many of the photographs
in the collection will stand the test of time and are a tribute not only
to the photographer`s creativity but to Hampshire`s faith in the individual
talents of those he hired.


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Hecali needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 70 designs submitted by 13 freelance designers.
Armada Commercial Real Estate
I am an entrepreneur that has been in commercial real estate the past 7 years and am now starting my own development and brokerage company. I have focused on retail properties in Texas and have a growing client roster from all over the state and Mexico. The personality of our company is one of high character, aggressiveness, strong ethics, and diversity.
My target audience are real estate professionals and business owners from Texas and Mexico. This group of people loves to travel, learn other cultures, and get things done.
I chose the name Armada for several reasons. The first being that it is a word that is easily understood in both the English and Spanish language. More importantly, the word connotes images of bilingual/bi-cultural, aggressiveness, and of exploring new territory. Most people will think of the Spanish Armada and of its importance in world history as a strong force that helped grow the Spanish influence throughout the world. In my line of work you can metaphorically say that each negotiation and each purchase is a new "conquest." Commercial real estate tends to be a very cut-throat tough business and I think Armada does a pretty good job of relaying this message. I would like to see Spanish colors - perhaps blue, crimson (wine-red), and white. I think it would be neat to have the silhouette of a sail or of a Spanish boat with the words "Armada Commercial Real Estate" on top. The word "Armada" can be in a bigger font and the words "Commercial Real Estate" can be directly below. I have attached a couple of drafts of something I had in mind. Pardon my "Paintbrush" skills.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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If you didn't think March Madness could get any wilder, think again.
Thanks to the combined efforts of CBS, TBS, TNT and truTV, college basketball fans will now be able for the first time to watch every NCAA Men's Basketball tournament game live in their entirety, reports CNNSI.
The expanded 68-team tournament gets underway in prime time on truTV on Tuesday, March 15 with the newly-minted "First Four" games. The first game is at 6:30 p.m., followed by a 9 p.m. tilt.
U.S. & World
The winners of those games move to a brand new second round that will be played on March 17 and 18. A first set of games will be played at noon (CBS), 12:30 p.m. (truTV), 1:30 p.m. (TBS), and 2 p.m. (TNT). The second set of games will be at 2:30, 3:00, 4:00 and 4:30 p.m.
The evening games start at 6:45 p.m. on TBS followed by a 7 p.m. game on CBS, and 7:15 p.m. starts on TNT and truTV. The final games of the night begin at 9:15 p.m. (TBS), 9:30 p.m. (CBS), 9:45 p.m. (TNT), and 9:55 p.m. (truTV).
Under the old system of regionalized coverage, CBS often had four games tipping off at nearly the same time, which made it hard for fans to see any game that was not in their geographic area for any extended period of time. CBS partially addressed the issue with its March Madness on Demand web streaming service via its Sportsline website, but the new programming schedule will eliminate that problem.


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It's a surprise to me how people are getting familiar with a movie that is not even out yet. I've noticed that more and more people are hearing about Disney's upcoming movie 'Frozen' so I took it upon myself to make a couple lesson on some of the characters chibi style. I have already submitted these figures in their regular form so if you want to use a tutorial on what they really look like, just click on the related links to the right of the lesson. Anyways, here is "how to draw chibi Sven", step by step. Sven is as you can see a reindeer and he is also the friend to Kristoff as he is his reindeer. Drawing chibi Sven will be fun, but its going to be even more exciting to see him on the big screen. Thanks for joining me with this lesson guys.
DragoArt members upload artwork and drawing tutorials! They are also allowed to leave comments on tutorials, profiles, etc. Many more features, as well; it's way better than just being a boring guest! Register Now!


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Numerical Simulation of the Functional Electromagnetic Stimulation of the Human Femoral Bone using COMSOLY. Haba[1], W. Kröger[2], H. Ewald[2], R. Souffrant[1], W. Mittelmeier[1], and R. Bader[1]
[1]Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
[2]Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
In the present study we determined the relative conductivities and permittivities of fresh cortical and cancellous bone measuring human femoral heads in different slices of 1 mm thickness. The identified conductivities of human trabecular bone are used for the electromagnetic field simulation by means of COMSOL using a Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) model. The calculated model depends on a cylinder filled with blood. The bone model is positioned in the centre of the cylinder and is defined with three different integrated trabecular electric material parameters. The COMSOL simulation shows the congruence between our measured electric bone material parameters and the material parameters. These calculations were done with specific relation to the bipolar induction screw system for electromagnetic stimulation of human femoral bone.


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Don't hold your breath.
Killer 100-degree heat, worse even than the normal August sauna conditions, ruined the 1987 PGA at PGA National.
What's more, some crazy fungus took a bite out of the putting surfaces, causing bare patches and discoloration on the greens and general embarrassment at the headquarters of the PGA of America, which is located right on the property.
Continue reading "Will the PGA Championship ever return to Palm Beach Gardens?"


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President recommends UA schools opt out of gun law
The president of the University of Arkansas system is recommending its 11 campuses opt out of a law allowing faculty and staff to carry concealed handguns on campus.
A spokesman on Tuesday said UA System President Donald Bobbitt will recommend that the schools continue banning concealed handguns on campus. The UA Board of Trustees is scheduled to vote on the recommendation Thursday.
A measure signed into law earlier this year leaves the decision on concealed handguns by faculty and staff up to the institutions of higher education. So far, most Arkansas colleges and universities have opted out of the new law.
The board of trustees for Arkansas State University system will also vote Thursday on a recommendation from its four chancellors that the system opt out of the new law.


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Want to share or to talk about your handling config in GTA IV ? Please visit our GTA IV handling.cfg section on .
The following article explains how the Grand Theft Auto IV handling.dat file works and how other in-game factors relate to it. The handling.dat in GTA IV encompasses not just handling, but power and other performance information.
Overview: GTA vs Real-Life
The way cars handle in GTA IV is based on a series of algorithms and equations rather than physics simulation. This is most likely due to the fact that a physics simulation would be too much for most computers to handle, especially with the amount of cars working at one time. In addition, fine-tuning handling and performance would be very difficult for both game developers and third-party modders.
The resulting handling feigns realism, but isn't realistic. With proper fine tuning, the handling in GTA IV can be made more realistic than its default state. Cars on the default handling are slower, have softer suspensions, and are more prone to understeer than their real-life counterparts (and don't properly emulate things like drive wheels and weight distribution).
If one wishes to make cars faster and more back-heavy to emulate realistic conditions, one thing that must be accounted for is that the car's default speeds are scaled down to match the city. Because of the sized-down nature of Liberty City, driving at a speed similar to real life will seem much faster in-game. In addition, the curves, inclines, and other road features don't emulate real-life dimensions, and can cause odd results when driving a realistically tuned car.
Another factor is damage – vehicles in-game are much more resistant to damage than anything in real life. While it seems like the natural course of action, scaling down a vehicles's resistance to damage doesn't always help realism. Scaling down damage too much causes for strange model deformation when crashing (as the crash deformation built into the game is designed to work with the ideal default settings). The game uses a rigid-body physics engine (as soft-body physics engines aren't optimized enough for most computers to run) and as a result, crashes can never really be simulated perfectly.
Most of a car's handling ability is determined by it's values in the handling.dat, although there are some things that are controlled by the car's model (wheelbase, suspension, etc). See Car Model. The handling.dat is rather complicated and poorly organized, therefore it is suggested that the modder use a third-party program such as GTA IV Handling Editor. Downlaod link removed due to spam detection.
Each value is catagorized based on its effects. It is shown with its label in the handling.dat, its proper name, and a brief description of what it does.
Ōśģ Misc/General
These are miscellaneous values that don't fit into another category. Things such as drown level, center of mass, and weight are defined here.
|Vehicle Label
|A label used by the game to identify the vehicle. Edit with caution, bad edits can have severe effects.
|Mass/Weight of the vehicle, rather self explanatory. Mass affects handling, speed, and most other behaviors. Vehicles with a large amount of mass are harder to get up to speed, but carry more momentum when ramming through traffic. This momentum also affects turning, making it more difficult to change the vehicle's direction. More massive vehicles put more weight on the suspension, causing bottom-outs to happen more often. The mass of the car does not follow real physics (Force = mass * acceleration)
|Drag Multiplier
|How aerodynamically efficient a car is (how much drag it produces). Higher numbers mean higher drag, and less aerodynamic efficiency. Aerodynamic efficiency affects how well a car gets up to its top speed, and causes the vehicle's actual top speed to be lower than the one specified in the handling.dat
|Percent Submerged
|How much the car needs to be submerged in water for the engine to cut out. Cars will also float at this height if suddenly plunged into water and rendered inoperable. (Drown Level)
|Center of Mass (X)
|The X (front-back) coordinate of the vehicle's center of mass, relative to the center of the car. Can be positive or negative.
|Center of Mass (Y)
|The Y (left-right) coordinate of the vehicle's center of mass, relative to the center of the car. Can be positive or negative.
|Center of Mass (Z)
|The Z (up-down) coordinate of the vehicle's center of mass, relative to the center of the car. Can be positive or negative.
|Steering Lock
|How far the wheels can turn to either side when stopped (aka steering lock). Slight adjustments in the steering lock can change the sensitivity of the steering and help fine tune handling. Setting this to a value about 0.9 (90o) can make a vehicle unstable, most vehicles will have a steering lock of about 0.5 (50o)
|Seat Offset Distance
|The distance (X+) from the vehicle's center which the player must be at to enter the vehicle.
|Monetary Value
|How much the vehicle is worth.
|Model Flags
|See: model flags
|Handling Flags
|See: handling flags
|Animation Group
|What animations group the vehicle uses. Edit with caution, bad edits can have severe effects.
Ōśģ Drivetrain
These are values related to the vehicle's engine, transmission, and drive train. Things like net power, gears, and drive wheels are defined here.
|Drive Bias
|Defines how power is distributed between the wheels. This is a 0-1 value, 0.0 being 100% RWD (0/100) and 1.0 being 100% FWD (100/0). Anything between 1 or 0 is AWD (most real configurations use 0.6 (60/40) or 0.5 (50/50) distribution).
|Drive Gears
|How many gears the vehicle has. Unlike in previous games, the number of gears does affect how a car accelerates in GTA IV. The gear ratios are set by the game automatically, and are based upon how many gears there are (this value) and the top speed (see more on that below). Too few gears will cause the vehicle to accelerate slowly because of the low RPM's each gear starts at. Too many will cause loss of speed at higher speeds when the driver is constantly shifting. How many gears a vehicle has depends mostly on what kind of vehicle (sportscars can have 5-6, standard sedans usually have 4, some big rigs have more than 10, etc).
|Drive Force
|How much torque/power the engine puts out (thought not based on any sort of real-life measurement system). Naturally, more power means the car accelerates faster. More power also puts more pressure on the drive wheels, which affects launch speeds and handling. A vehicle with more power is more likely to spin it's drive wheels when the gas is applied, which can dramatically lower grip levels if the wheels spin unabated.
|Drive Inertia
|This value is not the actual drivetrain inertia value. Instead, the lowest set inertia value is 1.0, and anything below that greatly increases the inertia. Low drivetrain inertia allows for faster gear changes, and thus setting this value to 1.0 creates the quickest possible gear changes (though physically the gear changes could be faster, the value is still capped at 1.0). Slightly lower values greatly increase shift times, and are good for emulating the transmissions of large trucks and beater cars.
|Max Velocity
|This is the maximum velocity of the vehicle's transmission. This determines the length of the gears, which (along with number of gears and drive force) affects how fast the vehicle accelerates. The actual top speed is lower, and is affected by mass and drag.
Ōśģ Suspension
These values are related to the suspension of the vehicle. These can affect ride height, suspension travel, ride quality, and most other suspension-related variables.
Suspension tuning requires some basic knowledge of how a springs and shocks work (Hooke's Law and Spring Damping). Without knowing the basics of springs and shocks, suspension tuning is entirely guess-and-check. With proper knowledge, suspensions alone can be set up correctly after a few trials. Properly integrating them the game's complicated traction system makes the task much more difficult.
|Suspension Force
|What this value does is somewhat unclear. It does have a visible affect on the suspension. Increasing the value makes the springs stiffer, and reducing it to 0 takes all stiffness out of the springs altogether. One conclusion is that this value may be some sort of a spring constant. In which case, the distance of the springs from their equilibrium (x) times this value (k) is how much force to apply to the springs and in what direction (before damping is taken into consideration). In such a case, this value would not be in N/m as 'k' normally would be.
|Suspension Bias
|How much to distribute suspension force between the front and the back. Setting this to 1.0 (100/0) gives all the force to the front suspension, whereas setting it to 0.0 (0/100) does the opposite. It's best to have this value close to 0.5 (50/50). This is helpful if you have the center of mass offset to the front or back and the suspension is sagging in one direction as a result.
|Suspension Compression Damping
|Damping during suspension compression (wheels moving up relative to the vehicle). In layman's terms, how much the suspension resists being quickly compressed. Higher (stiffer) values of compression damping makes the car nimble and responsive during cornering, but it also means the car will be jolted about on bumpy surfaces. Lower (relaxed) values allow the suspension to absorb bumps, but the relaxed compression makes the car "roll" in turns (which causes steering delay and increases the likeliness of a car to roll over).
|Suspension Rebound Damping
|Damping during suspension rebound (wheels moving down relative to the vehicle). In layman's terms, how much the suspension resists being quickly rebounded or decompressed. Higher (stiffer) values of rebound damping prevents the vehicle body from erratically moving back to place and keeps it stable in the corners, however over rough surfaces the suspension cannot react fast enough to conform to the shape of the surface. Lower (relaxed) values will cause the vehicle body to move more erratically during hard cornering, but it will also allow for the suspension to react fast enough to remain stable over potholes and dips.
|Suspension Upper Limit
|How far the suspension can travel upward (Z value) relative to its equilibrium (where Z=0). The wheels are not allowed to move above this value. This is the point at which a car "bottoms out" and the wheels go as high as they can on the suspension. It's important to set this value correctly so that the wheels don't get pushed through he fenders during hard compression.
|Suspension Lower Limit
|How far the suspension can travel downward (Z value) relative to its equilibrium (where Z=0). The wheels are not allowed to move below this value. This value determines how much the suspension will "hang" when the vehicle goes airborne. This value should be proportionate to the upper limit so that the vehicle's suspension has a proper travel. This value must be negative, otherwise the lower limit will be upward.
|Suspension Raise
|How much the car body is raised/lowered relative to the suspension. Setting a value (positive or negative) for this will move the body of the vehicle (and the center of mass with it) up or down on the suspension. It's usually best to use this value for small tweaks only, as the suspensions are already well centered by default.
Ōśģ Brakes/Traction
These values are related to the tires and brakes on the vehicle. These affect stopping distance, cornering, and traction in general.
Braking-related values are rather self-explanatory, with only a few variables controlling their behavior.
Traction, on the other hand is much more complicated. GTA IV's traction system function is based only partly on actual physics. The system outputs how much traction each wheel gets based on conditions (speed, angle, surface) and set of multipliers each vehicle has in the handling.dat file. Because of this, the traction system is rather confusing and how it works is still not fully understood.
Balancing the multipliers is pivotal to making a specific vehicle handle a certain way. Due to its complexities and the lack of knowledge regarding how it works, adjusting these multipliers is a task that requires a considerable amount of play testing.
|Traction Curve Min
|The minimum value of the traction function. Increasing this increases the base value of traction a car has. Adjusting this value can help increase/decrease the overall grip of a car. When trying to be realistic, this value should be somewhat low. A high value might seem good for a maneuverable sportscar with low profile tires, but it will also cause the vehicle to grip unrealistically well off-road. Most modders do this anyway, as its much quicker and not nearly as difficult to create a responsive vehicle with the Curve Min as opposed to using the Curve Max and Curve Lateral.
|Traction Curve Max
|The maximum value of the traction function. Increasing this increases the rate at which traction builds up. This is the peak traction value used when the tire is in ideal conditions. Setting a relatively low Curve Max and a relatively high Curve Min creates a vehicle that is very grippy relative to other cars at low speeds, but not very grippy relative to other cars at high speeds. This is good for creating offoraders, whereas a sportscar would have a lower Curve Min and much higher Curve Max. Getting the ideal balance between the two is very difficult, and many times it's nearly impossible to produce 100% realistic results.
|Traction Curve Lateral
|The angle at which the tires produce the most grip. The value is a angle / 10 (1.0 is 10o, 0.9 is 9o, 1.2 is 12o, etc). A Curve Lateral set to 0.0 means the tires will produce the most grip when they are parallel with the direction they are moving, and 9.0 means the tires produce the most grip when they are perpendicular to the direction they are moving. When trying to be realistic, this value ought to be somewhere close to parallel (roughly 0.9). Setting it lower will make a vehicle enter corners very briskly, but then begin to understeer as the corner progresses. Setting it higher will do the opposite. This value has the same label as Curve Min in the handling.dat text and is placed right next to it. Curve Min is on the left, whereas Curve Lateral is on the right.
|Traction Curve Longitudinal
|This value appears to be deprecated. It was most likely replaced by either a constant, or was integrated into the three main multipliers.
|Traction Spring Delta Max
|This value defines how much the actual spring can move the tires downwards when jumping. Setting this value over 1 makes the car-springs pushing down the tires untill they touch each other.
|Traction Bias
|How the traction is distributed between the front and back. Setting it to 0.99 gives all the traction to the front tires, whereas setting it to 0.01 gives the traction to the rear wheels. More traction in the front creates oversteer, while more in the back creates understeer. Unlike most 0-1 values, this cannot be set outside the bounds of 0.01-0.99, otherwise the wheels of the side with no grip will disappear.
|Brake Force
|How much resistance the brakes create when fully depressed. What to set this value to depends on vehicle mass, potential speeds, and tire traction. If the brake force is too high, it can cause the tires to lock up and skid. This greatly increases stopping distance. Higher momentum (mass and velocity) and lower tire grip decrease the brake force required to lock up the vehicle's tires. One way to prevent lockup without sacrificing braking power is to turn on anti-lock brakes (ABS) in the handling flags.
|Brake Bias
|How braking power is distributed between the front and back wheels. A value of 1.0 gives all braking power to the front wheels, whereas a value of 0.0 gives all the power to the back. Having brake power biased to the front helps when braking hard and entering corners, as it counters the understeer braking causes. Braking power biased to the rear makes a vehicle more stable when braking and helps it to stop in strait lines. Most cars use values within the range of 0.6-0.7.
|Handbrake Force
|How much resistance the rear brakes create when the handbrake is applied. The handbrake is used to get a vehicle around a tight turn by sliding the rear end. It is important that this value is high enough for the rear wheels to lock up when the handbrake is applied. This varies between vehicles though, as some slow vehicles with a lot of traction may not lock their rear brakes up.
Ōśģ Damage
These values are related to the damage resistance of the vehicle. These affect deformation resistance, engine integrity, and damage resistance.
|Collision Damage Multiplier
|How much to multiply collision-related damage by. Vehicles with a lower value can take more hits without breaking down, whereas vehicles with higher values are more prone to crash-related damage. Setting this value to 0.0 disables all collision-related damage, but not deformation as a result of it.
|Weapon Damage Multiplier
|How much to multiply weapon-related damage by. Vehicles with a lower value can be shot more often, and provide better protection in a firefight. Setting this value to 0.0 disables all weapon-related damage.
|Deformation Damage Multiplier
|How much to multiply deformation by. Vehicles with a lower value will bend and dent less than vehicles with a higher value. Collisions to a vehicle's quarter-panel areas can damage the suspension and affect handling. Setting this value to 0.0 disables all deformation, but not damage as the result of collisions or weapons. Tires can also be popped with deformation disabled.
|Engine Damage Multiplier
|How much to multiply engine damage by, on top of other multipliers. Bullet impacts and collisions near the engine bay cause engine damage. Most vehicles are front-engined, so this value greatly affects their ability as ramming implements. Mid engined cars such as the Turismo are except from this rule, as the front end collisions don't reach their engine bays. Setting this value to 0.0 disables all engine damage, however with collision and weapon damage disable, it is not necessary.
Ōśģ Model Flags
Model flags are several on/off flags that are determined by an 8-bit number for each vehicle (some examples are 00440800, 80220804, and 80440800). The table below numbers digits in the order they appear from left to right. The game, however, reads values backwards (from right to left). This means that values beginning in 0′s can have their beginning zeros culled (for example, 00440080 becomes 440080). Each digit has 4 flags. A value of 1, 2, 4, or 8 determines which flag is enabled, while a value of 0 indicates that no flag for the digit has been enabled. The table below shows how certain numbers in certain digits check off certain flags.
|1st Digit
|2nd Digit
|3rd Digit
|4th Digit
|5th Digit
|6th Digit
|7th Digit
|8th Digit
The table below explains what the values for each digit does. Any flag with an asterisk (*) next to it's name is deprecated. This means it has no observable effects and isn't used by any vehicles in the game.
|General vehicle body flags. These flags all appear to be deprecated and unused.
|Deprecated. This value may have been used in earlier versions of the game to create a bouncing effect on impacts (for vehicles like the dinghy).
|Deprecated. This value may have been used in earlier versions of the game to create independent skid marks for vehicles with doubled-up rear tires (typical on large trucks and buses). This is now determined in the vehicle model.
|What this flag does is unclear, thought it also appears to be deprecated. This flag is enabled on two cars (the Buccaneer and the Comet) as well as the Cable Car and Subway. It may be used to prevent a vehicle from bottoming out, though removing it from the soft-sprung Buccaneer doesn't produce any observable results.
|Deprecated. This flag may been used to change how the trunk on hatchback vehicles opened.
|General vehicle identifier flags.
|Deprecated. This flag may have been used for changing handling or spawning behavior for bikes.
|Used for helicopters. Enabling this flag on a car causes it's engine to not work, though the car can still be driven if pushed.


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May 2007 - Newsletter 85
40 Years Anniversary
On the 1st of October, 1967 we left our 9 to 5 jobs and set out in beat up old cars to sing for our supper and see a bit of England. I do mean a bit because we didn't have plans beyond three months of this sort of nonsense. There was a slight feeling underneath that the bravado might just wear off quite quickly and we would go back to our employers' with caps in hand. However, after 40 years, I doubt this will happen and anyway the caps are worn out.
A celebration therefore seems to be the order of the day. There was much discussion initially about where we were to hold the event and what format it would take. We tried for the New Wembley Arena but they said we couldn't dance on the turf so that put paid to that. The Bahamas came next on the list but then we thought of our carbon footprint and our consciences were pricked. Why not then go back to our roots and hire Yetminster Village Hall for the weekend. We had charged around it playing British Bulldogs as members of the 1st Yetminster St. Andrew's Scout Troop and cavorted and ranted about the floor with the lovely ladies of the Yetminster and Ryme Intrinseca Junior Folk Dance Display Team. When it came to recording the 'Village Band' LP with Sherborne Town Band there was no better place for the Decca Outside Studio to set up. It's a lot smarter than it was in those days but the atmosphere is just the same.
There will be three events. A Dance/Ceilidh on the Friday Night, a 'Meet The Yetties' session on the Saturday afternoon and a concert Saturday evening. Tickets are £8 each for the Dance and the Concert or £15 if you come to both. The Saturday afternoon is free if you buy a ticket for one or both of the other events. Space is limited so when they are gone they are gone I'm afraid. Tickets are already on sale at the web site or you can order from the PO Box. Cheques to 'The Yetties' please.
Try Sherborne Tourist Information if you are looking for accommodation. 01935 815341.
Memory Lane
Our first tour for the British Council in 1982 was, to say the least, interesting. After Nepal our second port of call was Kuching in Sarawak. Normally when we arrived in these places the mass media was on hand to greet us and we had to face an immediate press conference. When we landed this time though, we were met by some very kindly British Council staff who insisted we had been working very hard in Nepal (which was true) and that we deserved a night off. They said what we needed was some local food and a bit of local colour. We did point out that our weak western stomachs might not be up to handling the Kuching cuisine but I suppose we didn't protest hard enough or long enough because soon we found ourselves sat down beside what was described to us as a storm drain in the middle of the city. Use your imaginations!!! We tucked in to the delicacy's set before us with a will. Fishes stomachs, thousand year old eggs and other ingredients that none of us recognised disappeared along with a fair amount of beer. It was a jolly evening and I have never been so ill before or since. We staggered down through Sarawak, hopping over the jungle in little planes, doing shows and moving on until we reached the little town on Miri where fortunately we found a Chinese doctor who gave us three different cures for the same meal.
Yetties at Halsway Manor
From Monday July the 9th to Friday 13th we are at Halsway again. This will be rather more laid back than the weekend in February. Let's face it we aren't up to cavorting about for five days without stop. There will be a 'Musical Heritage of Thomas Hardy' concert included and the usual dancing, singing, music workshops etc. and Bonny will be doing his 'History of Halsway' talk but you will have spare time to explore the countryside. Halsway is ideally situated for this, the Quantock Hills are out the back door, Minehead, Watchet, Dunster, Exmoor and The West Somerset Railway are all within easy reach. If you are interested give the Manor a ring on 01984 618274.
Old Yetties LPs
LPs in stock at the moment are: Keep A Runnin'; Our Friends The Yetties; Dorset Is Beautiful; The World of The Yetties; The Yetties of Yetminster; Let's Have a Party; The Village Band; Up Market; Dorset Style; In Concert; A Little Bit of Dorset; The Yetties and The Musical Heritage of Thomas Hardy (double album). If you would like any of these to add to your collection please ring 01935 814611. They cost £5 each plus £1 P. & P. Cheques to Halsway Manor.
Yetminster Fair
Once again I'm sure the sun will shine upon a glorious village occasion. If you get the chance to come along you really should give it a go. There are loads of bargains on a multitude of stalls. Gardeners can pick up some beautiful plants and the fresh veg. market next to us does a roaring trade. They arrive with wagon loads of stuff which still has the dew on it and go home with their vehicles empty.
Tickets for the evening concert can be purchased from Derek Mott, Stonechat, High Street, Yetminster, Sherborne, Dorset, DT9 6LF. Tel. 01935 872123. For other information, camping etc. ring Garth Hentley on 01935 873239. The phone No. for Tourist Information in Sherborne is 01935 815341. They can put you in touch with B & B etc.
Several people have been prodding and pushing us to get some more sweatshirts made for a couple of years or more. It's six years since the last batch so I suppose this is actually a very reasonable request. That the old ones are still wearable shows that we don't sell no bleedin' rubbish govner. They are on order and should arrive in the middle of May. To start with I have ordered two colours (dark green and navy blue) in three sizes (medium, large and extra large). The Yetties logo will be embroidered on the left breast in gold. I think they should look rather smart. They will be £16 each with £1.50 added for post and packing should you go that route.


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Lyrics:First verseFor a handsome black man I have admiration, For him I'd run the shoes right off my feet, He was my honey boy and my heart would jump with joy when Sunday night at church we used to meet. For he used to say I was his only baby he was juggling with the truth I will admit, I never see him now But I'd love to I'll allow Tho' I found he never cared for me a bit. ChorusI don't care who knows it. I love dat man you can soo how much I shows it I do love dat man. My poor heart's a beating much as it can, The reason dat I sigh and fret, Is cause I love that man. man.Second versehe was kind to me when I was very lonesome, he called me all the pet names hat he knew. He treated me so fair with such tenderness and care when he was with me I was never blue. But another wench stole from me his affections now they say that she's a'gwine to change her name. he did me wrong for sure But my sick heart I can't cure For I'll always love that darkey just the same.(Chorus)
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Custom Vintage Item - Flocked Pink Floral
Create a custom item in the size of your choice!
With adjustable, ruffled straps and elastic at the waist, our classic pinafore styles were designed with room to grow. Due to the small amount of fabric, there will be no pockets on the dress. Bloomers are included with the pinafore dress for sizes 3-6M through 4T.
- A portion of all proceeds go directly to a local children's charity called Precious Lamb, a preschool that educates homeless children
- Made in California from vintage fabric
- 100% cotton fabric with pink flocked flowers
- Please specify the item you'd like made & size at checkout
- Fabric for the lining is provided & included in the price
- Decorative buttons will not be sewn to the bodice
- Turnaround time is 3-4 weeks
- All sales are final on custom vintage items
- Size Guide


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Monday, 21 January 2008
Pregnant Winter Running
The temperature my last few runs has been between 0 and 2 degrees F. But when there is no wind, that's gorgeous. I love peeing on the bitter cold snow and watching it instantly melt away. Of course the trails are close to deserted. Most people seem to have a phobia of exercising in the cold. But nothing makes you feel more alive than your own pounding heart and a warm, big baby belly in the dead cold of morning.
About a week ago, we got 5 inches of new snow, but I managed to find a path to run on that had already been cleared. So contrary to my belief just one month ago, I am running regularly again. The hip has healed and the winter conditions are not insurmountable.
Yesterday SR was kind enough to almost double his pace and run with me. He has a garmin watch with GPS, so I learned I have been running 10 minute miles and a total of only 4.5 miles a day. It sounds like so little! But by the time I am at the end, I am generally waddling and out of breath. Yet during the run SR was talking about how we were both going to finish in the top 5 in our state's marathon next year. It is hard for me to believe right now that I will become that girl I used to be (and then run even faster) all in the next 7 months. But theoretical thinking is really motivating to SR and I'm starting to believe it is for me, too.
Wanted to note one strange thing that was happening two nights ago. I had just fallen asleep when I was woken up by a jab of excruciating pain in my pelvis. Then it kept happening. I realized the big little baby was jamming his head against the bottom of the uterus, using his feet and hands to propel himself. So my ribs were getting kicked, too. It hurt so bad I was yelling and had tears in my eyes. He stopped for a while when I layed on my side, but then woke me up again many times during the night. SR was half asleep, but the next morning he said "Gosh, I hope he's normal." Having two parents like us, normal is probably too much to ask.
Finally, I wanted to address a comment from lilsusha...
I too have been training for a marathon and recently found out I'm pg. My marathon is 13 weeks away and I'm about 7 weeks along. I think you ended up doing the 1/2 right? I don't remember reading your decision as to why. This is my first pregnancy--total surprise after 12.5 yrs of marriage and 2 adopted kids. AND my first marathon. Any insight or resources will be helpful.
Congrats, lilsusha on your pregnancy!!! I hope it goes well, that you can keep running and that you are filled with amazement of your own body :).
There were a few reasons we decided to do the half (had SR's parents visiting out of town the week of the full marathon, wanted to run the half in our own city AND I still felt like running a race competitively at 5 months. I felt like I wouldn't be able to push myself like I wanted to if I ran a full marathon.) But if you would rather run a full marathon, go for it! Just be extra careful with the hydration.
I haven't found too many resources about running or marathons during pregnancy to be honest. Perhaps you have already found/followed my link to "Running for Two" which is another pregnant woman's running blog. Also, I put together a list of studies, defending vigorous exercise in pregnancy, which can be found in my Nov. 30th entry, Exercise and Running in Pregnancy: Point-Counterpoint . If any readers know of other resources, please speak up!
Best wishes. I hope you can keep running in pregnancy. If you do stop, make sure it's your decision. Even if your prenatal care provider recommends you stop, make sure you understand why so you can make the decision together. Good luck with the marathon! Let us know how it goes.
Running Song of the Day: Angel in the Snow by Elliot Smith
3 comments:
- Olga said...
Of course, you both woll be top 5, who questions THAT?? :)
And to that girl - there is a friend (Marathon maniac) up in Seattle area who ran through her pregnancy marathons and 50k's all the way in. Obviously, last months were not competitve, but still.
- 22 January 2008 at 18:10
- sea legs girl said...
Clearly I'm not the only pregnant woman who loves to run and runs a lot. But now there is some cyber proof! Thanks for the link, Olga. Seven marathons in one pregnancy! I only wish she would have gone into a bit more detail.
- 23 January 2008 at 03:20
- Jess said...
Hi, I'm new to your blog, but I too am pregnant (only 9 weeks along) and have decided to keep running, so it's great for me to read other women who have done it, or are doing it! And you're doing it in such cold weather too! Wow. Thanks for the inspiration and keep it up!
- 5 January 2009 at 18:29


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EARL'S COURT, LONDON, UK - April 27, 2010
Webroot, a leading Internet security provider for the consumer, enterprise and SMB markets, today released new research reporting that nearly all (98%) companies allow employees to access their network remotely. The associated risks raise concern among one in four IT decision makers who are responsible for their company's Web security.
Among the key findings:
- 72 per cent of UK companies now use Web 2.0 applications and online collaboration tools in business
- Eight in 10 UK businesses experienced one or more attacks via the Web in 2009
- 95 per cent of companies prohibit access to specific Web sites or activities; 88 per cent have a formal Internet policy
- One in five companies have adopted Web security services to combat today's security challenges;
- Simplicity (20 per cent), effectiveness (19 per cent) and blocking access to inappropriate sites (16 per cent) are top three reasons for adopting Web SaaS.
Growth in Web 2.0 usage in business reflected in the growth of Web-threats
In a survey of 803 IT professionals in companies with 100 to 5,000 employees in the United Kingdom, USA and Australia, Webroot found that 72 per cent of UK companies now use Web 2.0 applications and online collaboration tools to do business. This growth in Web 2.0 usage is reflected in the growth of Web threats, as the research shows that eight in 10 UK businesses experienced one or more attacks via the Web in 2009.
Speaking from Infosecurity Europe 2010, Gerhard Eschelbeck, chief technology officer, Webroot said, "Employees are unwittingly putting their employers at risk of the growing threat of Web-based malware, as they increasingly turn to the Internet to do business. Malware writers are becoming more and more adept at producing software designed to operate stealthily, and pilfer personal data including banking information and login credentials via Web sites. But we're finding that companies are starting to develop security strategies which more stringently enforce Internet use policies supported by the implementation of Web security solutions."
Online gambling being the most forbidden activity at a workplace
Webroot commissioned the survey to identify the weakest links in Web security and ascertain how companies are addressing these issues. The research revealed that 95 per cent of companies prohibit access to specific Web sites or activities and 88 per cent of companies have a formal Internet use policy. Online gambling was by far the most forbidden with 80 per cent blocking gambling sites at work, and was particularly troublesome for IT managers in the UK – 21 per cent of UK companies reported problems via this source, compared to only 12 per cent in the US.
Top reasons for adopting Web SaaS
Companies generally support Internet use policies with Web security technologies. Companies that invest in Security-as-a-Service (SaaS) solutions found themselves statistically less likely to be compromised via an online attack. Simplicity (20%), effectiveness (19%) and blocking access to inappropriate sites (16%) are the top three reasons for adopting Web SaaS. The overall cost of a Web-borne attack is a fundamental reason why companies also choose SaaS. In the survey, over half of SMBs that experience Web-borne attacks had moderate or major increase in help desk time to repair damage.
Future uptake of SaaS for SMBs
Eschelbeck continued, "In the last few years, companies have begun to embrace the concept of deploying security solutions 'in the cloud', rather than locally, at their own premises. Security-as-a-Service, delivered with experience and expertise, can be beneficial as a cost reduction tool, stripping complexity out of any organisation, limiting capital expenditure and lowering maintenance tasks, thus bringing down operational costs."
According to the survey, one in five SMBs have implemented Web security SaaS and one-third of companies plan to implement in 2010. By 2011, 50 per cent of UK companies plan to implement Web security in a SaaS format.
Webroot is exhibiting at Infosecurity Europe, Earls Court, London, on Stand F20, 27-29 April 2010.
Survey Methodology
Webroot commissioned a global study of 803 Web Security professionals in companies with 100 to 5,000 seats in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. The online study was fielded using Qualtrics survey software from December 15, 2009, through January 6, 2010. MarketTools and e-Rewards provided qualified respondents from their IT decision-maker panels. The results have a margin of error of +3.4 percentage points at the 95 percent level of confidence.


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One Book Tag
One book that changed your life:
Well, besides the Bible (the obvious choice), it would be Desiring God by John Piper. Piper's concepts such as "God is most glorified in us when we are most satisfied in Him" and "We exist to glorify God by enjoying Him forever" are thoroughly ingrained in me and make a difference daily in how I understand how I am to live. But, this book is probably been most influential to me in just introducing me to and helping me to see the complete truth in the fact that God's greatest passion is His own glory. This one fact opens up to me a whole world of understanding redemptive history and Christ's coming kingdom.
One book you've read more than once:
I've read Kris Lundgaard's The Enemy Within cover to cover twice, but find myself going back to it again and again. It's basically a laymen's version of John Owen's classic works, Indwelling Sin and The Mortification of Sin. This book, more than any other, reminds me of my continual state of sinfulness and my need to fight my sinful nature. I highly recommend picking it up if you haven't already got a copy, as it is quickly becoming a classic.
One book you'd want on a desert island:
Again, besides the obvious, I would say Wayne Grudem's Systematic Theology. It's an easy read for a systematic book and it's choked full of Scripture references and footnotes that you can spend a day reading through in each chapter. I don't know what I would do if I didn't have it by my side any time I do research or write a sermon. It's that invaluable to me.
One book that made you laugh:
I am going to go three ways on this. First, All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten by Robert Fulghum was probably the first book to ever make me laugh and the first one I read for myself and not because my teachers made me. Second, I laughed quite a bit when I read Blue Like Jazz by Donald Miller. Though I disagree with him and often get irritated with some of his statements, he is a great writer and this book was worth my time. Finally, doctrinally-speaking, What Love is This? by Dave Hunt often made me angry and consequently laugh hysterically at his horrid misunderstanding and mischaracterization of Calvinism. It's hard not to laugh when a guy writes a chapter called "Calvinism's Surprising Catholic Connection" and he's serious.
One book that made you cry:
This doesn't happen often, in fact, never. It takes a lot to make me cry so it follows suit that it takes quite a book to bring me to shed a tear. But, I do have a clear memory of the first time that I cried while reading a book. It was "Pistol" Pete Maravich's autobiography, Heir to a Dream. I received it as an award for obedience at Spirit Express basketball camp when I was 11 (those of you who knew me back then likely either think this is some kind of sick joke or I am outright lying, but alas 'tis true). I read it cover to cover and was moved to tears when Maravich recapped his father's death. I thought about my own father's eventual death and how it would likely tear me apart. I believe that when that day comes, I might very well lose it for a while.
One book that you wish had been written:
9/11: The Plot to Bring Down the Twin Towers and How it Was Foiled by the CIA. Roosevelt said that December 7, 1941 was "a date which will live in infamy," but how much more so will September 11, 2001? World War II ended on August 15, 1945 - not four years later. The War on Terror started on that day in 2001, but now, as we approach the fifth anniversary of 9/11 there seems to be no end in sight.
One book that you wish had never been written:
The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin. This book has single-handedly brought about the eternal severing of science and religion. No longer can Evolutionists and non-Evolutionists work together in the fields of biology, chemistry, or genetics and not feel the elephant of Darwin in the room with them. Darwinism has spun out of control, helping to bring about the mentality of "survival of the fittest" within all ranks of life. And this book has helped to lead millions and millions of people away from the harder question of "What does it all mean?"
One book you're currently reading:
I have been trying to get started on When I Don't Desire God by John Piper for some time now, but every time I start to get into it I feel like I need to reread Desiring God and then just end up putting it down for long enough that I have to go back and reread what I already read of it. It's been really frustrating.
One book you've been meaning to read:
JUST ONE! I wish - there's plenty that fit into this category. I guess the one I most want to sit down to is Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer by James L. Swanson. I have heard it is fantastic and a real page turner. As much as I love history, I am disappointed that I haven't gotten to it yet. I actually have quite a list of history books that I want to read and would love to spend time reading some biographies of great Christian men and women, Presidents of the U.S. and a few infamous characters like Hillary Clinton. And then there's always the books on doctrine, Christian living, politics, marriage, child-rearing, home design, and . . . shall I go on? You get the picture and I'm getting depressed thinking about it.
Now tag five people:
If you read this list, then consider yourself tagged. I am not going to go on naming folks on my blog who probably won't do this anyway. I enjoyed it though, and am glad that Michael sent me the email and told me I should do it.


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Ever since Apple declared its spectacular quarterly results, I have been wondering what it could do with the billions of dollars it has amassed as cash reserves. When you have $76.2 billion in cash, and you keep generating cash faster than any other company, you have very little to fear about and can afford to make a lot of bold moves.
Right now, Apple could spend all its cash in the best possible way by making some acquisitions. Even though some of its stock holders are demanding a dividend, I would rather have Apple use it up in some big-ticket acquisition that makes strategic sense rather than distributing it as dividends.
Buy InterDigital ($3.3 billion)
Now that Apple has snatched away the Nortel patent portfolio from Google, it's desperate to buy a huge portfolio of wireless patents from some other company to protect itself and its hardware partners from getting sued by Microsoft, Oracle, Apple and numerous patent trolls.
As we posted earlier, both Apple and Google are already in negotiations to buy InterDigital, which has over 8,800 patents related to wireless technology. It could just buy it for around $3.3 billion.
Buy Motorola ($15.5 billion)
Motorola is rumored to be another acquisition target for those scouting for patents. It has close to 17,000 patents and has applied for 7,500 more. It is easily worth more than $15 billion, if Nortel's 6,000 patents was worth $4.5 billion.
If Apple acquires Motorola, then besides the patents, Apple could also shut down a major Android device manufacturer.
With these two acquisitions combined, there would be no company which could make a smartphone without infringing on at least one of Apple's 40,000 patents. Apple could rake in billions in licensing fees and damages every year.
Buy ARM ($8 billion + $13.15 billion)
ARM Holdings is the single most important company which powers almost every smartphone out there. All chip makers license technology from ARM to make the processors and chipsets which power their devices.
While buying ARM may not allow Apple to completely control the smartphone industry, it will definitely give it a lot of leverage over the other manufacturers.
Buy Hulu and Netflix ($2 billion + $13.75 billion)
By buying Hulu and Netflix for around $15 billion, Apple could become the number one player in the digital TV business. These two acquisitions would also fit in perfectly with its Apple TV offering. The TV market is estimated to be worth hundreds of billions of dollars in the long run. It could also boost Apple TV sales and make it the next iPod or iPhone.
The total for all these acquisitions comes to just about $55 billion. We still have around $20 billion left, and I'm already running out of ideas.
So here's one last idea.
Sell iPhones and iPads at Cost
Apple has a huge operating margin on the iPhone and iPad. It takes up a majority of the profits of the entire smartphone industry despite having much lower total sales. Despite its charging a hefty margin, it is still able to price its products (at least the iPad) lower than any Android tablet, due to its ability to acquire components at a much lower cost.
If Apple were to sell the iPhone and the iPad at what it costs it to make them, it would probably be able to completely dominate the market and cut Android's smartphone market share down to size. It already dominates the tablet market, but if its starts selling iPad at cost, it will obliterate its competitors completely, before they even enter the market properly.
$20 billion would be enough cash to sustain Apple for a few years, and Apple will continue making money by selling its content on iTunes – apps, games, movies, videos, TV shows etc. It should make enough from Hulu, Netflix and ARM to sustain it in perpetuity. I doubt its competitors will be able to claim predatory pricing, even if Apple sells it at cost, as it could claim that it makes money from its ecosystem.
If everything goes as planned, in a few years, Apple could probably be worth more than Exxon Mobil, Microsoft, Google, Facebook, Berkshire Hathaway, HP, IBM and Samsung combined.
Note: In this post, I have just assumed that the current market cap (and not the enterprise value) would be the purchase price of that company. I'm also assuming that Apple would be able to buy these companies without any antitrust lawsuits or other hassles.


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Summers: From a hunter
While I call myself a hunter, I have not participated in the sport in awhile. I do have great respect for hunters. What I have no respect for is the assault weapon mentality. These are the weapons used in all of our recent massacres. These are the Bushmasters, AK-47s and the like along with their high- capacity magazines. These are not sport weapons, they are nothing short of weapons of war and should only belong in the hands of soldiers and police officers. Let's be real clear on this: sport weapons will not be taken from us.
Recently and individual wrote in feeling a slippery slope of our guns being taken from us was about to happen. Bazooka boy felt it was his right to own bazookas and RPGs (rocket propelled grenades). Pure lunacy! I would be real nervous about a neighbor that owned such weapons.
Guy Pacot wrote in with an NRA narrative. Guy, get used to the idea, what Wayne LaPierre of the NRA is selling just doesn't pass the smell test. Interesting word you used, "statistics." Here are some statistics for us to ponder from The Washington Post: "U.S. has the highest rate of private gun ownership in the world. An average of 88.8 guns per 100 people. Next would be war- torn Yemen at 54.8 per 100 per residents while Iraq has 34.2 guns per 100 residents."
The U.S., 5 percent of the world's population, owns 40 percent of the weapons held by the world's private citizens.
Those of you standing in the shadows afraid to say something, maybe because of your occupation, this is your time to step up.
In 1996 Australia had a watershed moment after a massacre. They enacted a very strict gun law. They still hunt. They have had no massacres since.
Lastly I would admonish The Summit Daily in reporting that "26 people" had been killed, which should have read, "including 20 children."
We must not forget what happened on this dark day in December 2012 in Newtown. They had a quiet community where really not much happened.
That has all changed.
Start a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil.
If you don't follow the rules, your comment may be deleted.


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Imogene Redd Hess, our loving mother, sister, grandmother, great-grandmother, aunt and friend, passed away peacefully, surrounded by family, at the age of 94 in San Diego, CA.
Imogene Redd Hess, known as Jimmie, was born in Blanding, UT, to Amasa Jay and Alice Marie Ekins Redd. She was the oldest of six children, who include Wyman H., Stephen E., Alene Roberts, A. Mason, and J. Whitney Redd.
She accompanied her parents on two LDS missions to California before she was 10 years old. There she had her first exposure to dancing lessons.
She became her mother's right arm in helping at home and with younger siblings. At the age of 15 she cared for the home and three younger siblings while her parents travelled.
Her role in the family developed devotion to them throughout her life.
She graduated from Utah State University in 1937 in Physical Education. That department was the umbrella for the dance program.
It was there that she met Benjamin Knowlton Hess. Ben said, "Anything is pretty, as long as it is Redd."
They were married in 1942, and their family now includes three daughters, Lindalee (Lindy) (Rich) Anderson, Stephanie Hess, and Benni Kay Connally; 10 grandchildren; and 14 great-grandchildren.
Ben volunteered for army service during WWII and she accompanied him on his various assignments until he was sent overseas. Her dad asked her to return home to help him in his L.H. Redd Mercantile. When Ben returned from the war, they made their home in Monticello, where he developed his own love for San Juan County.
She worked hard and played well. Ben and Jimmie were the proprietors of Hess Motor Lodge, Silver Coin Laundromats in Monticello, Chinle and Ganado, AZ and other businesses.
She was one of the first women to jeep Canyonlands National Park along with Thelma Walton and Mildred Odette. She was introduced to river running with friends, Norman and Doris Nevills, the first commercial river guides.
Her tender touch, unmatched dinner rolls, caramel popcorn, open-door policy, and unconditional love will be dearly missed.
As Jimmie left the Afula, Israel hospital, the non-English speaking caregivers offered their farewell to her, "Lovely lady, we love you."
Card of thanks
The family sends a special thanks to the Monticello Fourth Ward for their assistance with the funeral services. They also feel deep gratitude to all who created a place that was always home for Jimmie.
Lindy Anderson & families
Stephanie Hess & families
BenniKay Connally & families


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Sarah Matyjasik
Sarah Matyjasik is a mom of two and F.I.T. transformation success story.
Over the past thirteen years, Sarah dipped in and out of bootcamp style training, but when she heard about the F.I.T. challenge there was suddenly a great goal to aim for. She started the C9 on January 1st this year and decided to get back into the gym; it reignited her passion for training and looking and feeling better.
She completed the sixty-nine days and felt a complete transformation. During this program, she made her next goal – a very scary one - to win the UK F.I.T. challenge. She went on to compete in the WBF Showdown on the 27th September 2015, nine months after starting the C9 journey. She competed in two categories – 'Over thirty-fives' and 'Tall' – and received an invite to compete in the British finals.
What Forever products can you not live without?
I regularly take Aloe Vera Gel, Argi+, Forever Arctic Sea, Forever Daily, Forever Garcinia Plus, Forever Therm, Forever Lean, Forever Fiber, Forever Lite Ultra, FAB X, Forever Garlic- Thyme, Forever Active HA, Forever Bee Pollen, Forever Bee Propolis, Forever Royal Jelly, Forever Immublend, A-Beta Care, Absorbent-C, Nature-Min, Forever Echinacea Supreme, Gin-Chia and Forever NutraQ10.


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| Let's Keep This A Fun & Friendly Server |
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Browsing Department of Economics (ECON) by Subject "industrial relations"
Now showing items 1-2 of 2
Andersen, Torben M.; Skaksen, Jan Rose (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Product Market Integration, Comparative Advantages and Labour Market Performance* In a two-country model with trade driven by comparative advantages, it is considered how imperfectly competitive labour markets are affected by lower frictions in international goods trade. Easier goods trading is equivalent to increased mobility of employment across countries and thus a change in the trade-off between wages and employment faced by wage setters. While the effects of product market integration on the trade-off between wages and employment in general is ambiguous, it is shown that product market integration works like a general improvement in productivity via the specialization it allows through trade. Unambiguously, real wages and employment and welfare improve upon reductions in trade frictions, and therefore workers are better off irrespective of whether the market power of unions is enhanced or muted. JEL Classification: F15, J30, J50 Keywords: trade frictions, wage formation, employment, welfare gains URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7506
Files in this item: 1dp698.pdf (424.7Kb)
A Disaggregate PerspectiveMalchow-Møller, Nikolaj; Skaksen, Jan Rose (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Skill-Biased Technological Change in Denmark: A Disaggregate Perspective* In this paper, we provide an industry-level analysis of skill-biased technological change (SBTC) in Denmark over the last two decades. The analysis shows that SBTC has varied considerably across industries, and traditionally large Danish industries have experienced relatively less SBTC. This may partly explain why wage inequality between skilled and less skilled has risen less in Denmark than in other countries. We also find that SBTC has been concentrated in already skill-intensive industries. This contains important information about future labour requirements, as the relative importance of these industries must be expected to grow, thereby reinforcing the shift in demand for skilled labour. JEL Classification: J24, J31, L6 Keywords: skill-biased technological change, Danish industries URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7549
Files in this item: 1dp752.pdf (762.4Kb)
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NetBiz needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 148 designs submitted by 40 freelance designers.
High-tech look desired. Company sells to IT professionals, government, military and the data security industry.
Degaussers & Declassification Systems
Desired Color Scheme:
White and transparent bkgd, red/blue, red/black, red/blue/black or open to suggestion.
Desired Style:
Business to business look. Strong colors. No pastels
Accepted File Formats:
vector & jpg
Logo for Proton Data Destruction, LLC.
See http://www.protondata.com for overview of products and market.
Logo must have words Proton Data Destruction. The LLC is optional.
DON'T put "Proton Data Destruction" all on one line.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
ALEX Toys Active Play Swirl O Disk
by ALEX Toys
Please check your favorite toy retailer for availability. Prices may vary.
Buy Online:
Product Description
Swirl O Disk has a wide, soft rim for easy throwing and catching. You'll be amazed how far you can throw Swirl O Disk! It's 18″ in diameter and bright, neon colors make it easy to see from far away. Swirly fun!
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text: Create a map showing Australia's mines. You can use the Quick Search tool to locate a mine by name, or for more in-depth research, the Advanced Search tool has a wider selection of search options. The mapping application also allows you to view points in Google Earth and print maps in PDF format. See the User Guide for further information.


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Located in the heart of Boston's prestigious Financial District on the corner of famed Oliver Street and High Street, Servcorp Virtual Offices and Executive Suites in One International Place have a prominent spot on the Boston skyline. Strategically located near government buildings like the Massachusetts Revenue Department, John Joseph Moakley Courthouse and a number of national consulates, the iconic building also boasts an incredible view.
Close to all amenities needed for high class living, including fine dining, 5-star hotels and boutique shopping. This business address would benefit a company of any size!
This location is SBA HUBZone certified.
21 minutes drive from Hartsfield Jackson International Airport
image: http://www.servcorp.com/media/2151/Train
5 minute walk to MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority) Terminal
1 minute walk to Peachtree Street bus stop
Within the building:
Within 5 minutes walking distance:
Recommended Lunch Places:
Au Bon Pain
Tel: 617 439 0116
Pasta Beach
Tel: 617 439 6900
Umbria Prime
Tel: 617 338 1000


text: Deprecated: mysql_connect(): The mysql extension is deprecated and will be removed in the future: use mysqli or PDO instead in /home/htmldocs/booksellershelper/application/class.DataConn.php on line 45 Vermont Antiquarian Booksellers Association Catalog Advanced Search Home Deprecated: mysql_connect(): The mysql extension is deprecated and will be removed in the future: use mysqli or PDO instead in /home/htmldocs/bookseller_common/includes/inc_dataconn.php on line 2 Quick Search Categories 19th C 2007 Christmas Catalog 2008 Christmas Catalog Abolition Adventures and Explorations Africa African American African-American Agriculture Airplanes Alaska Almanac Alternative Medicine American History American Revolution Americana Ancient History and Ancient Cl Animals Anthologies Anthony Powell and His Friends Anthropology Anti Semitic Antiques Arabic and Muslim Books Archeology Architecture Architecture Argentina Art Art Art - Original Asia Astrology Astronomy and Space Australia Automobile Avant Garde Baseball Beat Beats, Sixties, Hippies Bells and Carillons Biochemistry Biography Biography & Autobiography Biography/Bibliography Biology Birds Black Mountain Blues Books about Britain Books on Books Boston Botany Boy Scouts British British/Scottish Broadsides Broadsides Broadsides/Art Brown Paper Wrapper Building and Carpentry Business California Camps Canada Canadian Caribbean Carpentry catalog1 Catalogs Cats Ceramics and Pottery Chemistry Children's Children's book Children's Collectible Childrens China Christmas Circus and Magic Civil War Claudio Arrau Library Cleveland Coins College Comics Comparative Religion Computers Connecticut Contemporary Cookbooks Cooking and Culinary Counterculture Country Music Crafts Cuba Disabilities Dogs Drugs and Alcohol Early 20th C Eastern Europe Eastern Philosophy Ecology Economics Education Education & Homeschooling Eighteenth Century Engineering England Entertainment Ephemera Erotica Eugenics and Racial Books Europe Evolution Experimental/Concrete Exploration Family Fantasy Farm Fashion Fiction Fine Press First Editions Fish Fishing Florida Flowers Fluxus Folk and Square Dance Folk Art and Culture Folk Arts and Crafts Folk Music Folk Tales Folklore Folklore Foreign Languages Formalist/New Formalist Fraternal French French Revolution Fugitives Games Genealogy Genealogy & Town History Geography Geology Georgia (US) German Golf Government Graphic Novel/Comic Greece Gypsy Haiku/Asian Hawaii Hiking History History General History of Europe History of the Ancient World Hobos Hollywood Holocaust Home Decoration Horses Household Humor Humor Hunting Illinois Illustrated Books Immigration India Indiana Insects and Spiders Inventory Iowa Ireland Irish Islam Israel Italy and Italian Japan Jazz Jewelry Judaica Juvenile Kentucky Labor Landscape Gardening LANGUAGE Latin Latin America Latino Law Leftist Letters Letters/manuscripts Libraries Linguistics Literary Biography Literary Journals Literature & Modern First Edit Literature and Literary Lousiana Lumbering Magazines Maine Maps Markets Masonry Massachusetts Mathematics Media Medicine Medieval Mexico Michigan Mid-Century Middle East Military Military History Mimeo Revolution Minstrelry Miscellaneous Mississippi Modern Literature Moderns Mountaineering Movies and Theatre Movies Music & More Mushrooms Music Music Music - Organs Music Recordings Music Teaching Musical Instruments Muslim Mystery Mystery Mystery & Suspense Native American Native Americans Natural History Natural History Nazi Nazi and Facist New England New England History New Formalist New forNew Formalist New Hampshire New Jersey New York New York School North Carolina North Dakota Northwest Nuclear Energy and Nuclear War Objectivist Occult Ohio Old + Middle English Opera Other Asia Pacific Islands Pakistan Patriotic Pennsylvania Personal Pets Philatelic Books Philippines Philosophy Philosophy, Religion & Belief Photographs and Pictures Photography Physics Play Plays and Playwrights Poetry Poetry Poets and Poetry Polar Regions Political Postmodernism Presidents Prohibition Psychology Publishing Ephemera/History Punk/Rock Quantum Mechanics Quebec Radical Radio Railroad Rare Reduced Reference Religion Religious Music Religious Tracts Renaissance Restaurant Rhode Island Russia Russian Revolution San Francisco Renaissance Satire School Books Schools' Yearbooks Science Science & Technology Science Fiction Science Fiction & Fantasy Maga Scotland Scouting Sea, Seaman's and Ship Seventeenth Century Shakespeare Signed Signed Books Sixteenth Century Slavery in America Small Press Small Press, Private, and Publ Socialist Societies Sociology South America South Pacific Southern Spain Spanish Spanish Civil War Sport Sports & Outdoors Swedish Technology and Engineering Television/Radio Temperance Tennesee Texas Textiles The South The West Theatre Toasts, Drinks, and Parties Tracts Trade Catalogs Transportation Travel Travel & Adventure Trees True Crime Typography and Papers United Nations United States History Vermont Vermont Victorian Vietnam War Virginia Vladimir Nabokov War Poets Welsh West Virginia Western Women Woodcuts Woodworking World World History World War One World War Two World's Fairs and Exhibiti Writing Young Folks Category: San Francisco RenaissanceViewing items 1 - 10 of 77... 65 DRAWINGS by Duncan, Robert. Bookseller: Alexander Rare Books Price: US $85.00 ISBN #: Binding: Book Condition: Fine Edition: First edition Loose sheets: seven preliminary, 65 numbered, plus colophon laid into a folding cloth box in matching slipcase, with gilt stamped leather label. One of 326 (plus 10 not for sale) total copies, this number 221; signed by the author. Reproduced line drawing... Details A CORRESPONDENCE OF AMERICANS by Hirschman, Jack. Bookseller: Alexander Rare Books Price: US $35.00 ISBN #: Binding: Book Condition: Very good Edition: First edition Original boards in scarce glassine wrapper; small 8vo. 60 pp. The poet's first regularly published book. Intro. by Karl Shapiro. Spine (pink) faded, bottom corners worn, sill very good in a chipped and worn fragile glassine wrapper (in removable prote... Details A PARIS VISIT by Duncan, Robert. Bookseller: Alexander Rare Books Price: US $350.00 ISBN #: Binding: Book Condition: Near fine Edition: First edition Quarter leather over illustrated boards; tissue wrapper; small folio. illustrations by R. B. Kitaj. One of 110 numbered copies printed on handmade Indian paper, bound by Claudia Cohen, and signed by the author and artist, from a total edition of 130. Very... Details A SEVENTEENTH CENTURY SUITE by Duncan, Robert. Bookseller: Alexander Rare Books Price: US $75.00 ISBN #: Binding: Book Condition: Very good + Edition: First edition Illustrated stapled wrappers; 8vo. [30 pp.] One of 250 total copies (125 were presentation copies, half for sale) signed and numbered. This copy as with all copies has a colophon in Duncan's holograph, and numbered in red with "public sale" an... Details AN ASTONISHED EYE LOOKS OUT OF THE AIR by Patchen, Kenneth. Bookseller: Alexander Rare Books Price: US $500.00 ISBN #: Binding: Book Condition: Very good Edition: First edition Second impression after the first printing was aborted (only approx. 30 copies surviving). Black heavy paper with glossy wrap around pasted printed label; 8vo. 32 pp. This copy inscribed in heavy black ink: "for my good friend Bobby, with every affect... Details AS TESTIMONY by Duncan, Robert. Bookseller: Alexander Rare Books Price: US $25.00 ISBN #: Binding: Book Condition: Near fine Edition: First edition Stapled buff wrappers; 8vo. 20 pp. One of 350 copies. Bertholf A12. Near fine in added removable mylar covers. Details BEFORE THE BRAVE by Patchen, Kenneth. Bookseller: Alexander Rare Books Price: US $20.00 ISBN #: Binding: Book Condition: Good Edition: First edition Red cloth; large 8vo. 131 pp. Poet's first collection. Mottled red cloth, spine heavily toned, very light foxing, else clean; lacking the uncommon dust jacket. Details BEYOND LOVE by Stanley, George. Bookseller: Alexander Rare Books Price: US $15.00 ISBN #: Binding: Book Condition: Very good Edition: First edition Stapled white decorated wraps; small 8vo.36 pp. The poet's third book; the poems appeared in Locus Solus among other little mags. The author was a recipient of the Shelley Award in 2007. Very good. Details BOOB Number One and Two by Duncan, Robert and Jess [Collins]. Bookseller: Alexander Rare Books Price: US $350.00 ISBN #: Binding: Book Condition: Fine Edition: First edition Two broadsides (21 x 27.9cm/ approx. 8 1/2 x 11 in.). 1) paste-up (collage) by Jess with images and lettering by Duncan; 2) "Whose This Liddl Book Coming?", a poem of twenty-nine lines by Duncan in holograph facsimile with an image of a young bird... Details BROTHER ANTONINUS / MYSTIC OF THE FLESH by [Everson, William] Virginia Spanner. Bookseller: Alexander Rare Books Price: US $150.00 ISBN #: Binding: Book Condition: Near fine Edition: First edition Seven mimeographed autobiographical pages (printed on rectos only) published by William Everson using the name Virginia Spanner. In red paper covers stapled at one corner. Used as a handout prior to readings. Minor creasing, near fine and very scarce... Details Viewing items 1 - 10 of 77 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Next >> Footer


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Psychobiology Group
Directed by Professor Andrew Steptoe, the Psychobiology Group is concerned with the pathways through which sociodemographic and psychosocial factors influence physical disease processes. A major aim of the group is to understand how factors such as socioeconomic status, social isolation, work stress and hostility 'get under the skin', and influence biological functions in health and disease. A second theme is the investigation of lifestyle and patterns of health behaviour, and how health behaviour interacts with biological processes to affect disease risk.
The Psychobiology Group was established in 1999, and is multidisciplinary in nature. Members of the group have backgrounds in health psychology, psychophysiology, social psychology, sports science, cardiology, molecular biology, psychoneuroimmunology and nursing.
The group is currently funded by the British Heart Foundation, National Institute of Aging, the National Prevention Research Initiative, and the Economic and Social Research Council and the Medical Research Council.
Page last modified on 12 aug 15 13:20


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