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Save The Frogs Day: April 25th, 2015
SAVE THE FROGS! Platinum Visa Card
Habitat Destruction | Pollution & Pesticides | Climate Change | Invasive Species | Over-Harvesting | Infectious Diseases
Detailed protocol for the detection of chytrid fungus using qPCR
What SAVE THE FROGS! is doing to stop the chytrid fungus
Articles by SAVE THE FROGS! Founder Dr. Kerry Kriger
More articles on the chytrid fungus
Learn about ranaviruses
The chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) is the most significant threat to the world's montane amphibian populations.
In terms of its effect on biodiversity, chytridiomycosis is quite possibly the worst disease in recorded history. First identified in 1998, this potentially lethal skin disease is caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which has been detected on at least 287 species of amphibians from 36 countries. Chytridiomycosis has caused amphibian population declines in Australia, South America, North America, Central America, New Zealand, Europe, and Africa, and is likely responsible for over 100 species extinctions since the 1970's.
In this video SAVE THE FROGS! Founder Dr. Kerry Kriger discusses his Ph.D. research on the ecology of chytridiomycosis in Eastern Australia and discusses ways we can stop the spread of this deadly disease. With special guest Susan Jewell of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Fish and Aquatic Conservation division, and amphibian biologist Jonathan Kolby, a former wildlife inspector for the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Recorded 11-Sep-2013 as a free online SAVE THE FROGS! Academy class attended by 98 online participants.
"Your video on chytrid fungus is really good. Thanks for condensing the information and presenting it in a helpful manner"
-- Buck O'Brien, West Virginia
The US Fish & Wildlife Service recently solicited comments on its proposal to list amphibians as injurious wildlife UNLESS certified free of chytrid fungus. The proposal, if successful, will significantly reduce the spread of chytrid fungus via a reduction in the intercontinental trade of amphibians for use as pets and food. You can read our letter to the USFWS here.
Humans ship millions of amphibians around the world each year. When an infected frog arrives in a new location, its disease can spread to native populations if (1) it escapes captivity, (2) it is intentionally set free, or (3) water from its holding tank is released into the environment. Native amphibian populations generally have no evolved defenses against the new pathogen, and an epidemic that results in population decline or extinction can occur. The largely unregulated pet and food trades are the two most common sources of disease introduction into naïve amphibian populations. For instance, the skin disease chytridiomycosis has been detected in Mexican axolotls Ambystoma mexicanum in Australian pet shops, and in American bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeiana being farmed for international trade in Uruguay. Infected frogs are also unintentionally exported internationally via the zoo trade and laboratory animal trade. Find out what SAVE THE FROGS! is doing to stop the spread of the chytrid fungus.
Recommended reading: "Minimising exposure of amphibians to pathogens during field studies" by Philott et al (2011).
Dead and dying frogs generally have disorders of the epidermis, and often exhibit behavioral changes such as lethargy and loss of righting reflex. Chytrid zoosporangia live in the heavily keratinized stratum corneum and stratum granulosum of the frogs' pelvic patch, digits, and ventral body, and in the keratinized mouthparts of tadpoles. Associated epidermal changes included irregular cell loss, hyperkeratosis, and excessive sloughing of the skin. Infected frogs begin to die roughly 21 days post-infection, and though larvae are susceptible to infection, deaths are generally restricted to metamorphosed individuals (this is because larvae do not have much keratin). Though chytridiomycosis is unlikely to cause larval mortality, it can significantly decrease body mass at metamorphosis and increase the duration of the larval period, both of which are likely to negatively affect the amphibian's survivorship in the long run. Two leading hypotheses have been put forward to explain how Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis directly kills its host: 1) toxic, proteolytic enzymes are released by the fungus, and 2) loss of electrolytes negatively affects osmoregulation and/or oxygen uptake, two primary functions of amphibian skin.
Chytridiomycosis-related declines are typified by "post-metamorphic death syndrome", in which large numbers of metamorphosed individuals are found dead or dying (or not found at all), while tadpoles and embryos still survive at the site in normal numbers. This is to be expected: B. dendrobatidis is keratinophilic, and thus is absent in embryos (which lack keratin) and is generally restricted to the mouthparts of larvae, which until the latter stages of their development are the only keratinized areas of their body. Upon metamorphosis, the keratinized layer begins to cover the entire body, and infection can become lethal, potentially resulting in population decline and local extinction.
While methods exist for curing laboratory animals infected with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, it is not currently possible to eradicate the fungus from wild amphibian populations. Nor is it possible to protect a natural wilderness area prior to the arrival of the chytrid fungus. It is thus of vast importance that the spread of the fungus due to human activities be halted. This will require international cooperation, as countries will need to implement stringent quarantine procedures and diagnostic testing, and severely restrict the transportation of amphibians. We recommend that you do not purchase amphibians unless you are certain they were (1) captive-bred in disease-free conditions and (2) raised locally. If you cannot confirm both of these things, you may be inadvertently contributing to the spread of diseases to native, susceptible populations. Currently, there are very few pet dealers that provide thorough disease testing of their amphibians, as the price is generally prohibitive.
A correct diagnosis generally requires laboratory testing by an experienced pathologist because many infected frogs show no clinical symptoms of infection, and conversely many sick frogs have illnesses other than chytridiomycosis. There are no symptoms that necessarily implicate chytridiomycosis is the culprit. The most reliable methods for diagnosis are quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR, or "real-time" PCR) and histology.
qPCR is a technique used by molecular biologists to detect the presence and quantity of B. dendrobatidis DNA on a sample. The sample can either be a cotton swab that was run across the amphibian or a piece of amphibian skin, the former method being preferred for live amphibians as (a) it is harmless, and (b) it samples a larger portion of the amphibian's body and thus yields a more reliable result. qPCR analysis can cost anywhere from US$6 to US$40 per sample depending on various factors. qPCR is generally the preferred method of testing live amphibians for chytridiomycosis, as it has a low chance of yielding false negatives or false positives, it is rapid, cost-effective, and harmless to amphibians.
Here's a one-minute video demonstrating how to swab a frog for chytrid fungus:
The frog in the video above is quite large. If you need to swab a smaller frog, you can hold it as in the photo below (which was taken by fatty acid expert Dave Hall).
Find a detailed guide to qPCR here.
qPCR does have its drawbacks: expensive equipment is required, and many precautions must be taken to ensure that contamination (resulting in false-positives) does not occur and that inhibition (resulting in false-negatives) is detected if it occurs. Furthermore, the mere presence of B. dendrobatidis on amphibian skin does not necessarily imply that the fungus was the cause of death. To determine this, a more complete autopsy would be necessary, and this is generally done with histology.
Histology relies on the microscopic examination of amphibian skin to detect the chytrid fungus. Histology allows the diagnostician to determine the cause of death in an individual, as the degree of damage to the skin can be assessed, and other potential causes of death ruled out. Though histology is an excellent method for detecting Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on dead or dying frogs, it is not recommended for live, apparently healthy individuals, or biologically important individuals such as those in endangered species in captive breeding programs. This is due to the necessity of skin samples, which can harm the amphibian and raise ethical concerns. Furthermore, histology has a high chance of yielding a false negative result, due to the difficulty in testing a large portion of the amphibian's skin (the fungus may be present on the amphibian, but not on the skin sample).
The examination of oral disc deformities in larval anurans has been suggested as a quick, reliable, non-invasive method of chytrid diagnosis as B. dendrobatidis can cause the deterioration of the keratinized mouthparts of tadpoles. However, this method but must be used with caution as DDT intoxication and temperature changes can similar mouthpart changes. Furthermore, the reliability of visual examinations of oral disc deformities has only been tested on a small number of species, and thus the generality of its usefulness is unknown.
The thermal and hydric requirements of the chytrid fungus are the most important determinants of its geographical distribution, and also which amphibians are most likely to be affected by it. The chytrid fungus prefers cooler temperatures: it grows best in the laboratory between 17oC to 23oC, and tends to die above about 28oC. Additionally, the fungus has waterborne zoospores and cannot survive desiccation. Chytridiomycosis is thus most problematic in amphibians living in cool, wet areas. In the lowlands of eastern Australia, chytrid infections in stony creek frogs (Litoria lesueuri complex) are most severe at more southerly, cooler latitudes, and at sites that receive high rainfall. Further, infection prevalence and severity exhibits strong seasonality, increasing in the cooler months of early spring and winter. Temperatures change drastically across altitudes, and as expected based on its preference for cooler temperatures, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has its most serious effect on amphibians living in montane regions: virtually all of the amphibian declines caused by B. dendrobatidis have taken place at high altitudes. On a smaller geographic scale, B. dendrobatidis is most likely to affect amphibians that breed in permanent flowing water (as opposed to amphibians that breed in ephemeral water bodies, ponds, or leaf-litter). This is because the chytrid fungus (1) cannot survive desiccation, and thus prefers permanent water bodies; and (2) prefers streams, as they tend to be cooler than ponds and are able to transport the waterborne zoospores of the fungus long distances.
This slideshow, prepared by SAVE THE FROGS! Founder Dr. Kerry Kriger, details the results of his research on The Ecology of Chytridiomycosis in Eastern Australia. Please feel free to embed this slideshow on your own website (and add a link to http://savethefrogs.com while you're at it!). You can find the embed code here.
Not all chytridiomycosis-infected amphibian species at a site decline; nor do all species at an infected site become infected. Species vary in their inherent susceptibility to the fungus. This may be due to (1) differences in their ability to mount a sufficient immune response via anti-microbial peptides, or (2) differing microbiota on their skin: bacteria that live on amphibian skin can compete with or kill B. dendrobatidis, but the bacterial community on amphibians varies between populations and species. Furthermore, certain species may have life history traits that predispose them to infection, such as a tendency to breed in permanent flowing water, or an avoidance of microhabitats that could render their skin less hospitable to the chytrid fungus (which grows best in cool temperatures). Species also vary in fecundity (some females lay 20 eggs and others lay 20,000) and thus their resilience (the ability to recover after a disturbance, such as the introduction of a new pathogen.) Finally, species vary in the rate at which they can evolve defenses against newly introduced pathogens. Little is known about the rate at which species evolve resistance. Several endangered species in northern Australia (Litoria rheocola, L. nannotis, Nyctimistes dayi and Taudactylus eungellensis) were extirpated from upland areas by the chytrid fungus decades ago. Though their lowland populations have persisted relatively unaffected, the species have never been able to re-colonize their former upland habitats, where chytridiomycosis is presumably still a significant threat to which they have not adapted. Though it has become the poster child of evolved resistance, the Eungella Day Frog Taudactylus eungellensisis remains critically endangered to this day, and exists in large numbers on only one very small stretch of stream in Eungella National Park. This species has by no means evolved sufficient resistance to chytridiomycosis. Likewise, Central American amphibian species that were decimated by chytridiomycosis have yet to show significant signs of recovery. (Photo of T. eungellensis by K. Kriger)
Though our understanding of amphibian diseases has increased dramatically in the last decade, we still have an incomplete understanding of the manner in which diseases interact with other stressors (i.e. climate change, pollutants, invasive species) to exacerbate population declines. A synergistic effect is when the damage done by multiple stressors is greater than the sum of their individual parts. Climate change can alter the dynamics of parasite communities by making conditions more hospitable to growth of the pathogen, and it can also decrease the immune defenses of stressed amphibians that are not coping with sub-optimal climatic conditions. Pesticides, coal combustion residues and other pollution can also decrease amphibian immune response, rendering them more susceptible to infectious disease.
Please read the suggestions of the OIE the international body that issues recommendations regarding wildlife disease issues.
Infectious diseases are a primary cause of amphibian declines and loss of biodiversity, and the successful eradication of disease from the wild is currently impossible. The continued inter-continental trade and transport of amphibians will inevitably lead to the spread of novel pathogens, followed by numerous extinctions. Legislation to prevent the emergence of new diseases is urgently required to protect global amphibian biodiversity.
SAVE THE FROGS! Founder Dr. Kerry Kriger is quoted in this new Scientific American article, which details the mass die-off of salamanders in The Netherlands, and the description of another species of chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.
Please don't purchase frogs as pets, and if you do, be certain they were certified disease-free by a reputable laboratory. Never eat frog legs. Never release frogs or tadpoles into any location other than that from which they came. And please donate to SAVE THE FROGS! so that we can tackle the global issues that facilitate the emergence of chytridiomycosis. Nobody else does what we do, and we can't do it without you! Thanks!
If you would like to contribute a section on ranavirus, trematodes, or any topic not yet covered here in detail, please contact us. Your contribution will be gratefully acknowledged.
Emerging infectious diseases are diseases that have recently increased in any of the following:
Incidence: The disease affects more individuals now than it did in the past.
Impact: The disease now causes more damage to the infected individual, either due to decreased immune defenses in the individual, or increased virulence of the pathogen
Pathogenicity: The pathogen has evolved to be more virulent, i.e. causes more damage to the infected individual
Geographical Range: The disease has spread to locations outside of its native range.
Host Range: The disease now infects more species than it did in the past.
This video of the chytrid fungus under a microscope was made by the Amphibian Avenger, Lucy Cooke, on a recent trip to Colombia.
Habitat Destruction
Pollution & Pesticides
Climate Change
Invasive Species
"Dear Dr. Kriger, My name is Emily, I am a senior at Saratoga Springs High School ( NYS). I studied The Presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the Adirondacks. I know you're busy traveling and with the up coming Save The Frogs Day but I wanted to share my results with you. Your website has helped me so much with my research. Thanks, Emily Boivin"
Website design, photos & content by Kerry Kriger unless otherwise noted.
Copyright © 2008-2013 SAVE THE FROGS!TM All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use
SAVE THE FROGS! is a 501(c)(3) public charity, and SAVE THE FROGS! is a registered trademark.


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PEMBROKE, N.C. - The Georgia Southwestern baseball team finished up play with fellow Peach Belt opponent UNC Pembroke on Sunday afternoon.
The Hurricanes had a good defensive start to the game in the bottom of the first inning. Corey Benson started things after catching a fly out to right field. The second batter was walked and then was taken out in a double play that lined to Les Cromer then got the third batter out at first to Jarrod Taylor.
However, the next inning for UNC Pembroke came up with one run from a Brave getting walked, stealing second, then on a single to right field Schmucker was able to make it home.
The Hurricanes were able to get a quick three outs in the next inning with a fly out caught by Evan Alderman. The next out came from a bunt attempt getting out by Taylor to pitcher Lance Shelton. The final out was grounded out to Stephen Eldridge.
The top of the fourth inning was productive as Taylor and Eldridge hit singles into left field. Zach Moss was able to hit a single into right center to bring in Taylor. Moss and Josh Sanders' unfortunately were caught stealing at second base. Corey Benson was able to hit a single into center field to bring Eldridge home before the end of the inning. The Hurricanes were up one run at the end of the inning.
The top of the fifth inning, Les Cromer made it on base then advanced around the diamond on a throwing error. Alderman was able to hit a single up the middle to bring Cromer in. At the bottom of the inning UNC Pembroke came back with three runs. These runs came from a Gagnon homerun bringing in another run. Then the next runner scored on a wild pitch.
The next run for the Braves was in the seventh from a double hit by Denton allowing Fraga to score. The top of the eighth inning was promising for GSW as Neal Chambless hit a single up the middle allowing Eldridge to make it around the bases.
UNC Pembroke ran away with the score in the bottom of the eighth with five runs. These runs came from a fly out sacrifice to bring in the first runner. Then a double hit into right center brought in the next run. Two walks in a row pushed a runner home. The next two came from a double hit to right center. The third runner was out at home plate to achieve the third out.
The Hurricanes were unable to get another run in at the top of the ninth finishing the game early.
Shelton (1-6) takes the loss for the Hurricanes after pitching six innings and giving up six hits and four runs. Earl Durpree made an appearance for 1.2 innings, during this time he gave up three hits and four runs. Coty Graham finished things off with 0.1 innings, pitching to four, giving up two runs and hits.
UNC Pembroke's Andy Sullivan (4-0) took the win after pitching 6.1 innings giving up eight hits and three runs. Brandon Estrain made an appearance giving up three hits and one run. Patrick McMahon took the save ,his second, when he finished the game only giving up one hit.
TUSCALOOSA, Ala. – The baseball team was on the road on Wednesday to take on Stillman College.
Zach Moss started things off for GSW after hitting a double into center field to bring in both Evan Alderman and Devyn Newberry. These were the only runs for GSW during the game.
Stillman College came alive during the bottom of the fourth inning when E.J. Perry hit a triple into right center to bring in two runners. Later in the inning another base hit let Perry in to score.
The following inning, Stillman's Nick Baldelli-Boggs hit a triple into right field to bring in a fellow teammate to score.
At the bottom of the sixth, Stillman's Chris Brown had a base hit that allowed Seth Booth to score. Following this another runner was able to make it home in a stolen attempt.
GSW's Zach Smith (0-3) took credit for the loss after pitching in a little over five innings. Smith gave up eight hits and six runs. Justin Barnes finished the game for GSW only giving up a hit.
Stillman's Jordan Mata (1-3) took his first win for the season after pitching all nine innings only giving up four hits and two runs.
Day Two of the series with Stillman appeared to begin much like the first game. Moss was able to bring in the first run of the game again; after he was taken out at first from the shortstop.
Unlike the first game, GSW kept scoring. In the top of the fifth inning Taylor hit a double to bring Alderman home. Moss hit a sacrifice fly out to right center that was good enough to bring Eldridge home.
Stillman College was able to finally respond in the bottom of the sixth when Brad Sevenish hit a single to center field to bring in two runners.
Zach Moss hit another single to right field to bring Eldridge during the top of the seventh inning. Then Alderman hit a single to center field, in the eighth inning, to bring in Corey Benson.
Stillman took advantage of two guys being on base when Dunn hit a single to the shortstop Anthony Delgado was able to score. And in a last attempt effort, Stillman was able to get one more run in before the last out was called in the bottom of the ninth.
Earl Dupree (1-0) took the win after pitching five innings. Dupree gave up five hits and two runs. Zac Wittmus made an appearance pitching and Matthew Suggs earned his first save of the season.
Stillman's pitcher Tyler Simmons (3-3) took the loss after pitching five innings, giving up six hits and three runs. Myles Jeanminette, Dawson Turberville, and Nicholas Gensler also made appearances on the mound to give up a combined five hits and two runs.
The Hurricanes stay on the road to play at West Georgia on Wednesday, March 26th at 6:00.

subset: commoncrawl


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Axed staffers hijack HMV Twitter account: 'We're tweeting LIVE from HR'
Marketing director: 'How do I shut down Twitter?'
A hijacker claiming to be an axed HMV worker took over the music retailer's official Twitter stream yesterday to tell the world of a "mass execution" taking place at HQ.
A fortnight ago HMV (His Master's Voice) called in the administrators when bosses realised they were likely to miss banking covenants at the end of January.
Deloitte was brought on board to seek a way forward for the ailing biz but confirmed yesterday it was slashing 190 jobs from HMV's head office and the distribution network.
But amusingly a running commentary on developments at corp HQ was provided, purportedly by staffers who had seized control of HMV's official Twitter feed.
"There are over 60 of us being fired at once! Mass execution, of loyal employees who love the brand. #hmvXFactorFiring," the tweeter said.
"We're tweeting live from HR where we're all being fired," they added.
There was then a brief respite, presumably as the powers tried to silence those pesky sacked peeps, but a little over 10 minutes later the tweets began again.
The hijacker claimed HMV's Twitter account had been set up by an intern "unpaid, technically illegal" a couple of years back. The tweeter then said that he or she had taken control of the Twitter stream to protest at "the company you dearly love being ruined".
Clearly the battle for the keyboard began again, but before the silence, the tweeter said "Just heard our marketing director (he's staying, folks) ask 'How do I shut down Twitter". ®
Sponsored: Detecting cyber attacks as a small to medium business


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- Details
- Specs
- Reviews
- What's Included
By using the Koubachi Indoor Wi-Fi Plant Sensor, you'll never again forget to water, fertilize or mist your plants! Connected to your Wi-Fi network, the sensor informs you in real-time when your plant needs to be taken care of so that you can react before it's too late. All your data, plants and settings are fully synchronized to the Koubachi Cloud and thus always up to date on all devices (iOS or Android)! Thanks to the unique Plant Care Engine (PCE), Koubachi is able to advise you about everything your plant needs: water, fertilizer, humidity, temperature and light! Koubachi not only tells you WHEN to care for your plants, but also gives you specific instructions HOW. Equipped with a best in class soil moisture sensor, the Koubachi Wi-Fi Plant Sensor provides unmatched accurate measurements. It works like your plants' roots - it measures the exact amount of water that is available to your plants.
• Water Control - Thanks to the highly accurate soil moisture sensor, you'll know exactly when to water your plants. As it monitors your plant over time, you even get recommendations on the ideal amount of water and overwatering alarms.
• Temperature Monitor - Our sensor constantly monitors ambient temperature to ensure your plants needs are met. You get advice on ideal conditions and receive alerts when it is truly too warm or too cold for your plants.
• Substrate independent accuracy - The Koubachi soil moisture sensor works in almost any soil, no matter if you use humus, clay-based, or sandy substrates. No additional calibration is needed.
• Reliable extreme measurements - Common moisture sensors only work in average conditions. The Wi-Fi Plant Sensor however measures very accurately even in extremely dry and wet conditions - where it matters most!
• Built-in Wi-Fi - No wires needed with the Koubachi Wi-Fi Plant Sensor! It features a built-in Wi-Fi module that is compatible with all protocols (Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g). Communication between the sensor and the Koubachi servers is encrypted.
• Multi Plant - One sensor for all your plants! Put the sensor in one plant, give it a fortnight and Koubachi has learned all it needs to know to provide you with accurate advice. This way you will receive precise care instructions even for plants that currently don't have a sensor.
• Lifelong Free Cloud Service - The Koubachi Plant Care Engine diagnoses your plant's vitality based on our scientific plant care models and sends care instructions and alarms to your iPhone or e-mail inbox. Koubachi stores all your data securely in the cloud, for as long as you wish. And the best part: this service is absolutely free of charge!
Koubachi Application Download Links
Additional Features
• Secure Data Transmission - The Koubachi Wi-Fi Plant Sensor supports all major security algorithms for wireless networks like WEP and WPA. In addition, sensor data is AES-encrypted for transmission.
• Low Radiation Mode - To support your well-being in any case, the Koubachi Wi-Fi Plant Sensor only sends with low energy and during very short transmission intervals.
• Wireless Setup - No wires required, no need to push 100 buttons - the Wi-Fi Plant Sensor is set up in a few simple steps.
• Long-lasting Battery Life - It runs and runs and runs and runs... the Koubachi Wi-Fi Plant Sensor runs for over 1 year with only two standard AA batteries - thanks to the ultra-low power technology developed by Koubachi.
• Automatic Updates - The Koubachi Wi-Fi Plant Sensor is enabled for automatic software updates over the air. Updates are pushed down to the sensor over the wireless connection without your involvement.
• Data Graphs - While the Koubachi Plant Care Engine translates the sensor data into the most exact and detailed care advices, you can also access a graph with the detailed sensor data of the last days in the care interface.
Koubachi App
• Plant-Saving Alarms - By means of the Wi-Fi Plant Sensor Koubachi knows exactly what your plants can tolerate and alarms you immediately when conditions are dangerous, for example if the temperature is too low when ventilating in winter. Wi-Fi Plant Sensor will get you highly accurate real-time advices including analysis of temperature and light conditions.
• Plant Cyclopedia - Find all popular indoor plants with additional information and HD-quality pictures. See the origin of your plant; get information about growth form, vegetation cycle, blossom time, details of the leaf morphology and much more.
• Tailored Care Plans - Unlike any other solution, Koubachi calculates in individual care plan for every single plant! Considering the species, your plant's water usage rate, light intensity and temperature, Koubachi provides you with accurate care instructions.
• Scientific Species Models - Koubachi uses plant care models that have been developed with leading biologists and scientifically proven in greenhouse experiments! For every species, Koubachi is able to determine the exact needs considering the current season and your climate zone.
• Self-Learning - Koubachi also listens - the Plant Care Engine is able to adapt to your actions! Whenever you take care outside Koubachi's recommendations, the system evaluates your action and adapts the individual care plan for your plants.
• Scientifically Proven - The plant care models used within the Koubachi PCE were developed by leading scientists at ETH Zurich and tested and verified in many experiments in greenhouses for over 18 months.
Specifications Manufacturer Koubachi Manufacturer Product No. K001 UPC 762999901243 Sensors & Measuring Range
- Soil moisture (0 to 6000 mBar)
- Temperature (-20 °C to +50 °C)
- Light intensity (0 to 200 kLux)
Wireless Connectivity
- Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g @ 2.4 GHz
- Very low power consumption
- AP/Ad-hoc mode
- Security protocols: WEP, WPA, WPA2
- AES encrypted server communication
- 2x 1.5 V batteries (AA)
- Average battery lifetime: > 1 year
- 60 mm x 110 mm x 170 mm
Weight 110 g (incl. batteries) Usage
- For indoor user only
- Maximal insertion force: 90 N (9 kg)
- Operating temperature: 0° C to 50° C
- Storage temperature: -10° C to 60° C
- RoHS conform
- Free of lead (Pb), PVC, arsenic and mercury
- Recyclable packaging
Regulatory Statements
- CE Statement
- FCC Statement
User Interface
- Koubachi iPhone and Android App
- Koubachi Web App (my.koubachi.com)
2 Reviews
- Review of 69520 Review by DAVID
Review of 69520
I purchased this as a gift for my wife. It was easy to setup as long as you just read the directions. It seems to work well as I have received several E-Mails telling me the plant needed light. This is a unique device.
Posted on 1/11/2013
- Review of 69520 Review by DANIEL
Review of 69520
SmartHome has been excellent to deal with....the items I bought arrived on time and teh Wi-Fi Plant Sensors are really cool...!!
Posted on 12/23/2012
Leave a Review
- 1x - Koubachi K001 Indoor Wi-Fi Plant Sensor
- 2x - 1.5V batteries (AA)
- 1x - Koubachi K001 Indoor Wi-Fi Plant Sensor


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SELinux labels are placed on disk during the installation by a combination of Anaconda and rpm. Anaconda actually includes the latest /etc/selinux/targeted/files/file_context and /etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.26 in its initrd. When anaconda starts rpm, rpm reads this file and proceeds to place the labels on disk. RPM has SELinux awareness built into it and asks the kernel to place the default label on the disk for every object that it creates from its payload. If an rpm post install script runs during the install, the labels are created using the standard process labelling described below. Any file system objects created by Anaconda before loading the policy into the kernel will be relabelled by Anaconda using restorecon.
Any file system objects created by the post install scripts, or during boot, or by any process from then moving forward will create the file via one of the following three rules.
- The object will get the label of the parent directory.
- Files/Directories created in /etc, which is labelled etc_t, will get labelled etc_t by default.
- File transition rules can be written into policy. File transition rules take into account the label of the process creating the file as well as the parent directory. For example I can write a rule that says if NetworkManager_t creates a file in a directory labelled etc_t then this file will be labelled net_conf_t
- filetrans_pattern(NetworkManager_t,
etc_t, net_conf_t, file)
- When NetworkManager creates the /etc/resolv.conf file it gets labelled net_conf_f rather then etc_t.
- Since you can only have one combination of ProcessLabel/DirectoryLabel/ObjectClass,
you can not currently write a rule for a process to create two different labels within the same directory.
- filetrans_pattern(NetworkManager_t,
- The last way is to build SELinux awareness within an application.
- Applications can be programmed to ask the kernel to create a file system object with a particular label.
- rpm, udev, passwd are examples of applications that request the kernel to label the object at creation time.
- Applications can attempt to change a label from one label to another.
- restorecon, udev, restorecond, chcon are examples of applications that modify labels.
- Applications can be programmed to ask the kernel to create a file system object with a particular label.
Read about it here and if you are running Fedora 16/Rawhide try it out...


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Part Time Jobs in Pennsylvania ( PA )
Pennsylvania is home to several Fortune 500 companies including U.S. Steel, H.J. Heinz, and PPG Industries. Several other major companies are headquartered there including Hershey's, Dick's Sporting Goods, Aramark, and Rite Aid.
Pennsylvania is the 6th most populous and the 9th most densely populated state in the United States, with plenty of jobs for everyone. The current minimum wage is $7.25, equal to the federal mandate.
GrooveJob.com has nearly every type of job you may be looking for with every type of company in Pennsylvania whether it's in retail at GNC or Crate and Barrel, or web design and development at Hewlett-Packard or Penn State University.
Employers in Pennsylvania are looking for part-time and seasonal workers, as well as students, to fill their positions. If you don't find what you're looking for today, check back often because GrooveJob.com is always adding new jobs to our listings.


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DR. HOOK- Bed death: Where did the love go?
There are many different types of death. Death of a family member or friend. Death of an era. Death of a Salesman. Death Becomes Her. Death Leppard?
But what happens in a relationship/marriage when there is Bed Death? When I was child, I was watching some TV show (surprise, surprise) I think the Waltons or Little House on the Prairie– and an older woman says to a newlywed couple, "If you put a penny in a jar each time you make love during the first year of your marriage, and then you remove a penny from that jar each time you make love during the rest of your marriage, you will never empty the jar." (Hmmm, maybe it was a different show?)
That was a depressing thought, and I rebuked it. However, as a physician who always includes sexual health (call me Dr. Ruth minus the puffy red hair and NY accent), I see there is some truth to that TV statement.
I really don't give advice on how to improve one's sex life. That would be like Dr. Laura (who isn't really a doctor but an exercise physiologist) giving advice on how to be a nice person. Instead, I explore physical and emotional reasons that could explain a drop in libido. When the "Dance of the 7 Veils" becomes the "Dance of the 21 Veils" without hitting blackjack, it might be time to look for medical reasons for bed death.
First of all, one partner should never force the other partner to have sex. That's called rape. However, if one partner is interested in having sex but the other partner never wants to or "not enough," there can be a billion reasons for this (like "your partner is a jerk"). That means I can't go into all the reasons.
For women, gynecological pain can be deterrent. Menopause, in particular if caused by a complete hysterectomy, lowers estrogen that can lead to low libido and sexual response difficulties.
Men are often viewed as being "horny devils," but is that the reality? As men age, testosterone levels usually drop. About 50 percent of men over the age of 50 have some erectile dysfunction, and it gets worse with every decade. Performance anxiety often becomes an issue.
Body image issues occur for both men and women as age increases. The US is very focused on youth. Annie Lennox ironically sang it best in an oldie, "Look young and beautiful if you want to be loved."
Medical problems like heart disease, emphysema, and diabetes can damper a person's sex drive. Chronic pain patients usually don't think about sex– they're thinking about their next dose of Percocet.
Medications can contribute to bed death. Some antidepressants lower libido and sexual arousal. Blood pressure medications can contribute to erectile dysfunction. Alcohol and drugs can initially steam up the bedroom, but eventually they burn down the persons.
How often do we see ants having sex? We don't! They're too busy working– well, at least when we're watching. Our society is exhausted from working too much, in addition to taking care of the kids, paying the bills, and doing household chores. Casanova is working overtime at the office!


text: TheGreatOne was raised in Decatur GA.This artist has been performing hip hop/rap in the Atlanta Georgia and other surrounding areas for over 6 years. Growing up TheGreatOne was determined to be a "Boss". He knew that, whatever he put his mine to he could do. There is nothing that can stop TheGreatOne from reaching his goals. TheGreatone raps with a lot of Passion, Energy and Creativity. TheGreatOne is a Freestyle Rapper. Everything you hear from TheGreatOne is "Off TheTop", this is what makes his music "On Top". I ask TheGreatOne, "Why do you choose to freestyle instead of writing"? He simply said, "It Feels And Sounds Better".


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J.K. Rowling, "The Cuckoo's Calling," and where the money will go
I'm not sure the world was feeling all that terrible for J.K. Rowling after she was "exposed" as the real author behind "The Cuckoo's Calling." The book, which carries a "Robert Galbraith" author credit, was originally published in April and sold about 1500 copies, before a July 14 story in a London newspaper pointing to Rowling as the real author.
The wife of an entertainment lawyer associated with the book was identified as the source of the scoop, and Rowling issued a statement expressing her anger at the law firm, Russells, for letting it happen: "To say that I am disappointed is an understatement. I had assumed that I could expect total confidentiality from Russells, a reputable professional firm, and I feel very angry that my trust turned out to be misplaced," Rowling said.


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DouglasCrowe needed a new print or packaging design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 42 designs submitted by 16 freelance designers.
Bexsi Publishing
We are a full-service book creation company. We work with doctors, CEO's entrepreneurs, etc. to create a full-length, custom book about their brand, name and company. Our talented team of ghost writers and editors creates a personalized book for the client.
We are in need of ONGOING work to design high-impact covers for our clients. Current back log is 5-10 book covers per month with expected increase to 20+ covers per month.
Our target audience for the covers are consumers who go online, visit the bookstore or are looking for specific information that our books will provide.
People DO judge a book by its cover, so the design is actually MORE important than the content (for marketing purposes).
Categories will be self-help, medical, business books and trade. Clean, powerful and simple wins the job. Consistency in themes, colors and lines are important.
NOTE: Winning bid will be invited for our ongoing work of 5-10 designs per month.
We require a full book cover (front and back) that includes a title, subtitle, clean graphics and a picture of the author.
We will supply photographs, title, biography and subtitle.
With your skills of manipulating images (including removing backgrounds, etc. photoshop, etc.), choosing the right fonts and creating clean & simple graphics, you will make the book pop out from the crowd.
Creative and edgy is good.
Cluttered and cheezy is not.
Book #1 Title: "Get it Right, Make it Tight"
Subtitle: "The Ultimate Guide to a Sustainable, Profitable Personal Training Business"
Author: Tony Wuebker
Specifics: We will submit a full bio and the ISBN number prior to selection of contest winner. Put in blah, blah, blah and a temporary bar code for now on the back cover.(adding additional protection for you). We'd like a big picture of Tony on the cover and a smaller one for the back cover. (i.e. Body for Life, Jillian Michaels, etc.)
Please submit front and back cover designs. Winning bidder will be invited to bid and given preferred status on the monthly back log of projects (5-10/month) Final format will be 6x9 book high quality images suitable for printing.


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Q: We're expecting a big snow storm. Can I keep the net on my pond?
Dale – Rapid City, SD
A: If Jack Frost is blowing in a doozy of a blizzard, you should definitely take the net off your pond. As they accumulate, snow and ice can get heavy enough to collapse the net into your water feature—and that could endanger your dormant fish if they get tangled in the sunken net.
Before the storm passes through, remove your net and store it in your garage or shed, and add a K&H™ Perfect Climate™ De-Icer to your pond. The thermostatically controlled unit, which works above or below the water surface, will melt ice that forms around it, keeping a small hole open for gas exchange.
What About Debris?
If you're worried about leaves and other organic material landing in your pond, keep your 3-in-1 Pond Tool handy and remove anything that blows in during the storm. The telescoping aluminum handle, which extends 5 feet, will allow you to easily remove that muck-causing debris.
What About Predators?
If you're concerned that raccoons, blue herons or other predators will battle the snowy elements to grab a sushi dinner from your pond, submerge some Nycon Koi Kastle Fish Shelters in your pond. These molded black plastic or fiberglass mesh shelters, which come in multiple sizes including lengths of 7 ½, 13, 18, 21½ and 24 inches, provide safe refuge for your koi and other fish. Simply position them in the deepest areas of your pond.
Depending on where you live, you can re-install your net again once the snow storm blows by. But if you expect a prolonged period of snow and ice, leave the net off for the season. Good luck, and stay warm and dry!
Pond Talk: What pond toys do you hope Santa brings for you this holiday season?
Filed under: Deicer, Pond Netting, Predator Control, Seasonal Care, Water Gardens & Features, WG-Winterizing | Tagged: snow, snowfall, winter snow, winter storm | 3 Comments »


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Apricot Glazed Pork Chops
Total TimePrep: 10 min. + marinating Grill: 10 min.
Makes4 servings
- 2/3 cup apricot preserves
- 1/2 cup Italian salad dressing
- 2 tablespoons Dijon mustard
- 4 boneless pork loin chops (1 inch thick and 6 ounces each)
- In a small bowl, combine the preserves, dressing and mustard. Pour 3/4 cup marinade into a large resealable bag; add the pork. Seal bag and turn to coat; refrigerate for 8 hours or overnight. Cover and refrigerate remaining marinade for basting.
- Drain and discard marinade. Moisten a paper towel with cooking oil; using long-handled tongs, lightly coat the grill rack.
- Grill chops, covered, over medium heat or broil 4-5 in. from the heat for 4-5 minutes on each side or until a thermometer reads 145°, basting frequently with reserved marinade. Let stand for 5 minutes before serving.
Nutrition Facts1 each: 367 calories, 16g fat (4g saturated fat), 82mg cholesterol, 450mg sodium, 21g carbohydrate (12g sugars, 0 fiber), 33g protein.
Recommended Video
May 12, 2016
I prepared these delicious pork chops tonight. I used sugar free apricot preserves as the only substitution to the recipe. We will be having this recipe again. I highly recommend this recipe as a Volunteer Field Editor for Taste of Home.
Oct 24, 2014
I used peach preserves instead of apricot because I picked up the wrong jar by accident. It was a happy mistake because it turned out great! I used it on country style ribs and my husband really enjoyed them.
Jun 4, 2014
Made these pork chops last night. They are awesome. My daughter who is a very picky eater loved them. Everyone had seconds, glad i doubled the recipe. i used sugar free preserves, that's what i had on hand.
Sep 18, 2013
These few simple ingredients make a power house glaze! The vibrant taste of the glaze is spectacular. Perfect combination of flavors, my son liked extra 'glaze' on his. We used two pork tenderloins. This is a new favorite!!!
Apr 2, 2013
Very easy and good. Quick to put together the night before. I will make it again.
Mar 31, 2012
If you add the ingredients together for the marinade you will end up with more than 3/4 cup. After measuring 3/4 cup for the chops to marinade in, reserve the rest of it to baste the chops when grilling. Directions are right on. There will be some sauce left.
Mar 28, 2012
1st Direction says reserve marinade.2nd Direction says discard the marinade.3rd Direction says baste with reserved marinade.Need to proof read.
Mar 28, 2012
Make more, even then there will be no 'left-overs.'
Mar 28, 2012
I would like to try this recipe but bake the chops instead of grill. Would someone please suggest the temperature and time and covered or not. No matter how many pork chop recipes I try, they never turn out as moist as I would like. Thanks
Mar 28, 2012
Good and easy. Mommalee, it says earlier in the recipe to keep back part of the marinade and refrigerate it. That's the marinade that's used to baste the meat, not the part that was in the bag marinating the raw meat. Not confusing to me at all, and a common practice.


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BGTG - June 30, 2005 (All about Entdecker)
I've been wanting to do this for a while, talk for an entire show about one game. And now I've done it, about one of my very favorite games Entdecker. I suppose this kind of show is really something of an audio game review, though I didn't plan it that way when I started talking. Entdecker is a game that's been published in two separate versions, has a well-known variant, another I prefer, and most recently its little brother Oceania showed up. I get to talk about all of them. In fact, I like all of them (well, I'm cool on New Entdecker--but I like several of its ideas).
The show ended up a bit longer than expected, at around 45 minutes with no time spent reading feedback. But hey, that only balances the previous smaller show. :)
New Entdecker
The "Manu variant" for Entdecker
My own Old-New Entdecker hybrid
Steffan O'Sullivan's tips for playing Old with the New


text: From Swarovski crystals to spray paint and now to feathers and real fox fur, there is one woman not-so-secretly behind the beauty craze of decorating one's bikini region like a birthday party. Cindy Barshop, the owner of completely bare high tech spa, famous for both a season on the Real Housewives of New York and her fearless reputation for adorning the hair-free nether regions of women nationwide, has released the latest trend: The Foxy Bikini (real colored fox fur) and The Carnivale Bikini (an array of festive colored feathers). Merkin Madness! More on that here. In the exclusive video above, Spa Week investigates. Michelle gets the Carnivale Bikini So there you have it – Vajazzling's out and pubic wigs are in! Not totally sold? I'm not here to sell you on it – just to tell you what it was like. Yes, there's a party in my pants, and yes, you are invited. As you'll see in the video, Cindy Barshop performed The Carnivale on me, and it was a highly customized experience. I asked for a peacock, and a peacock I got. One by one, using a special completely bare glue, she placed the feathers on my freshly waxed bikini zone in a shape to slim my appearance. It was way more flattering than I thought it would be. All these years of diet and exercise, and all I ever needed was a feather merkin! Does it hurt? Not at all. When my Carnivale was on, I actually couldn't feel a thing. Unless I touched it, obviously. It wasn't uncomfortable at all until 3 days later when they started to itch and come loose. At that point, I just peeled them off, painlessly. (Now they are pinned to my office cork board.) The Foxy Bikini and The Carnivale are meant to last 3-5 days (daily showering included) as a kitschy and unique way to spice things up – either for your sex life or your personal confidence. They may not be the most practical or necessary thing in the universe, but it certainly has that sexy shock value that appeals to us (bored?) lovers of innovative beauty. Including the wax, it's $225 for the Foxy Bikini and $195 for The Carnivale. *A SPA WEEK EXCLUSIVE OFFER* Curious to try? Get a year worth of unlimited laser hair removal at completely bare, and receive a FREE Foxy Bikini or Carnivale with EVERY session! Unlimited Bikini Laser Hair Removal: $1000. Unlimited Brazilian Laser Hair Removal: $2000. Mention SPA WEEK when you call to book. Available in New York only. Call for an appointment or consultation: 1.855.366.6060.


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You know that you're getting a Federal refund. What should you do with that money? Honestly, many taxpayers have that money spent before they get their return prepared. But if you're planning to put all or part of that refund into savings, you might consider buying a US Savings Bond.
Most taxpayers know that they have the option to have their tax refunds directly deposited into a personal account. But most people don't know that the refund can be deposited into more than one account. Form 8888 allows the taxpayer to split their refund in up to three accounts. These can be a checking, savings, IRA, or brokerage account. On top of that, you can also buy a savings bond or two.
Form 8888 allows you to purchase Series I bonds for yourself or as a gift. Use Part II to buy paper bonds. Just fill in the amount you want the bond to be. If you're buying the bond as a gift, you need to fill in the recipient's and the co-owner/beneficiaries' name along with the amount of the bond (line 5a or 6a). If the bond is for you, just fill in the bond amount on line 4. The paper bonds will be mailed to the bond owner.
You can also use part I of Form 8888 to add money to your TreasuryDirect account and allocate the money to buy a gift bond or buy a bond for yourself.
Using Form 8888 to buy savings bonds is an easy way to save part of your refund for the future.
McIntire Tax Center - on Facebook - on Google+ - or Twitter @ mactax.


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Just hours before the final acts of the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup Azerbaijan 2012, the coaches of the competition's top-four sides gave their verdicts on their teams' performances and the state of the women's game in their respective countries.
FIFA.com canvassed the opinions of the coaches involved in 13 October's match for third place at Azerbaijan 2012, Ghana head coach Mas-Ud Dramani and his German opposite number Anouschka Bernhard, as well as the supremos of the two teams in the same day's final: France's Guy Ferrier and Yong Bang-Hwang of Korea DPR.
Beginning with the German camp, though disappointment still lingers after their failure to reach a first FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup final, victory on Saturday against Ghana to secure the last place on the podium would equal their previous best-ever finish at this competition.
"We're happy with the end result, with being in the top four, but a little upset at how we've played in some games, because I think we're capable of better," said Bernhard. "However, it's been a great experience for our players and great in terms of our footballing development, so we have to view this tournament as a success."
Ghana too have undoubtedly taken a step forward at Azerbaijan 2012, particularly given the Black Maidens already made history by reaching the quarter-final stage, never mind the last four. As the first African side to reach this point of the competition, they have done their continent proud, whatever happens against Germany.
In the view of coach Dramani, the fact Ghana have made such progress, despite the problems they had to endure during their preparatory period, has firmly underlined the future potential of the African women's game. "We don't have a qualifying championship that compares to the European one, but we do have plenty of passion," he said.
"And when you see that both ourselves and Nigeria qualified for the quarter-finals, that means our football has come on a lot. One day we [an African team] will be world champions."
Finalists France have also made history by becoming the first French women's side to contest the title decider at a FIFA competition. For coach Ferrier, this campaign in Azerbaijan is the result of a lengthy period of hard work from everyone involved: "At this moment in time we have up to six academies dedicated to women's football, where sport and education are combined.
"The girls study and pick up their qualifications, but they also train five days a week," he went on. "They have to work hard at what they do, but that effort has been reflected here, by them reaching the final".
Facing Les Bleuettes in the final are Korea DPR, who return to the competition showpiece having won the New Zealand 2008 edition of this tournament. The North Koreans' current boss Yong is confident this crop of young players can repeat that feat, yet he was also keen not to show a lack of respect to France – with whom they drew 1-1 at the group stage – and Germany, who they edged out in the semi-finals. "Both France and Germany are very strong teams and were great opponents," he underlined.
Ferrier, for his part, highlighted his side's readiness to cope with Saturday's big occasion: "The pressure's been off for our players since we made it past the quarter-finals. We know what our weaknesses are and where Korea DPR are strong, and it's simply a question of playing as well as we possibly can."
All in all, therefore, reaching the final day of a FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup has been considered a success for everyone involved. Now all that is left is to enjoy the final two encounters, and savour the spectacle these four quality teams and their coaches will serve up on 13 October.


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Digital Subscriptions
Here you can order Linux Magazine / Linux Pro Magazine Digital Subscriptions
Please note: All prices are in US dollars.
Linux Pro Magazine Digisub - (12 issues)$99.95Incl. VAT, Excl. shipping
Subscribe to Linux Pro Magazine in digital format (PDF) and get your magazines quicker than by mail.
This is a 1-year subscription to the monthly magazine Linux Pro Magazine (12 issues in PDF format).Learn More
Linux Pro Magazine Trial Digisub - (3 issues)$15.00Incl. VAT, Excl. shipping
Risk-Free Digital Trial Subscription. Get to know Linux Pro Magazine by ordering three issues in PDF Format!
This No-Risk 3-Issue trial will continue at the standard subscription rate, unless we hear from you otherwise.
Linux Pro Magazine* keeps the emphasis on real-life, practical techniques and delivers a premium blend of technical articles.
Learn about the latest products, tools and strategies for sys admins, programming in the Linux environment, advance desktop techniques, and much, much more!
Please note: offer is one per customer.Learn More
Linux Pro Magazine (Subs Add-on) - (12 issues)$15.00Incl. VAT, Excl. shipping
Add a Linux Pro Magazine Digital Subscription (PDF Format) to your Print Subscription!
This is a 1-year subscription to the monthly magazine Linux Pro Magazine (12 issues in PDF format), for the same issues that are included with your print subscription.
Please note: This price is only offered to subscribers to the print edition of Linux Pro Magazine.Learn More


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Specifying a good partition scheme in Linux can help when things go wrong. If a partition fails it will not effect the other partition's data.
The following is a good partition scheme for a web server. Following numbers are for a 10Gb Hard Drive..
Contains all the files and directories to boot the Linux kernel. The Linux kernel and GRUB boot loader files are stored here. This needs to be large enough to fit the Linux and GRUB loader files, as well as be able to allow for any future updates.
Size: 10% (1Gb)
This is the root directory, where all other files appears. If a partition is not specified for other directories then they will be in this partition.
Size: 25% (2.5Gb)
Contains all users data and configuration files.
Size: 25% (2.5Gb)
Hard disk space used to help free up memory. It is commendatae to put the swap size at least twice the size of the allocated memory.
Size: 15% (1.5Gb)
Directory used by Linux to store temporary files. This directory is emptied at boot.
Size: 10% (1Gb)
Contains files that may change in size such logs and mail boxes.
Size: 15% (1.5Gb)
Partition sizes can also be resized if they fill up. The above is a guide for initial sizes at installation.


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Tag Archives: certification
FroQ is ISO certified
Published on 3 juni, 2012
Froq is ISO 9000 certified. We are very, very, proud but what does it actually mean? And why have we chosen to achieve this certification? ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization and it is the largest organization in defining and managing international standards. In our case we opted for the ISO 19011 certification. This
Download the FroQ company brochure!
We don't want your email, thanks, just grab our company brochure which tells you more about the way we work, as well as our services. Even better, why notcall us on +31 (0)30 247 60 80. We're always happy to talk artwork and lithography.


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SMPTE group issues second information request on lip sync concerns
A SMPTE group investigating lip sync problems that have surfaced during the DTV transition has issued a second request for information from manufacturers.
The SMPTE Television Systems Technology Ad Hoc Group on Lip Sync Issues is seeking information specifically related to control signals and interfaces for equipment that vary audio and/or video signal delay to facilitate audio-video synchronization. The request for information is the second issued this year.
The SMPTE group intends to produce a standard or recommended practice for control signals to ensure equipment interoperability.
The request and associated questionnaire is available at www.smpte.org/engineering_committees/lipsync2.pdf.


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Ornamental gardens of this period were typically rectangular in shape. Outlined with box hedges,
the sections were filled with colorful annuals and perennials.
Romanticized in film and novels, the traditional plantation garden is often envisioned as a spacious ornamental landscape with sweeping lawn vistas and long allees of oak trees leading to an elegant manor. While this landscape may have been true in some cases, landscape historians report that this image is "gone with the wind," as many plantations were really working farms and offered little time for maintaining vast ornamental gardens. As a matter of fact, most of these gardens were utilitarian and were used to produce food and medicine for the family and workers. So, how should the landscape appear today when one has a historic home from this period?
First of all, like the outbuildings and barns that once surrounded these homes, those days are long gone. Just as the generations of families have changed over time, so too have the uses of the landscape. Rarely are these properties used as working farms, but instead have become bed and breakfasts, are open for historic tours or, more generally, are used as private pleasure grounds. As people do not live in a museum, the landscape should also serve the current needs of residents. However, there are a few landscape principles that may be borrowed from the past to help make a historic home and its garden look "just right."
As new wealth poured in from "King Cotton" and other economic crops in the early 1800s, affluent Americans began to search for a new architecture style that was simple yet elegant. American architects began to embrace the use of Greek building elements such as columns and pediments (a triangular gable on the front of a building) for capitol buildings, monuments and, later, homes. The use of Greek Revival elements rapidly spread throughout the country, as citizens wanted to become a part of America's "first national architecture style."
Ashland-Belle Helene (Ascension Parish, LA) displays a traditional architectural style with columns. (1)
This new style used a strong symmetry for all lines, buildings and features. Interestingly enough, although most Americans felt no love for the British, they continued to embrace the formal English garden. American ornamental garden designs from the period of 1820 to 1850 were often rectangular parterres that divided the garden into equal parts. These rectilinear garden beds were traditionally bordered in dwarf box (boxwood). Each section was planted with flowers, herbs and bulbs, and enclosed by a picket fence. In contrast to the small parterre gardens of towns and cities, plantation gardens were larger and included traditional European garden features such as formal avenues, bowling greens, terraces and elaborate box-bordered parterres. Curvilinear garden shapes did not become popular until after the 1850s.
So what does this fascinating garden history offer for today's owners of historic Greek Revival structures (or those who would just like to add a little historic feel to their contemporary home)? Here are a few tips to keep the landscape features fitting to the period of design.
A central idea to organizing all exterior items in the early 1800s — including roads, outbuildings, walks, garden beds, lawn areas and trees — was the use of a strong axial line. Popularized in French and Italian landscapes, this long, linear feature typically created a dominant center line to the front door or middle of the great house (usually accomplished with a grand carriageway, an allee of trees or a walk).
This central line was framed by symmetrical landscapes on both sides, often rectangular in form. Porches, patio areas, garden beds, shrub borders and trees were oriented from this line to allow the house to be the organizing feature. Also introduced to landscapes of this period were amenities such as gazebos, pergolas, trellises, arbors and statuary, which were placed on or within these rectangular lines. Paths of gravel or crushed oyster shells helped to subdivide the larger landscape into smaller garden rooms.
Well featured in 17th and 18th century European landscapes, evergreens formed the backbone of the garden. Large evergreens, such as cypress, cedar and yew, were planted in symmetrical linear lines that created tall vertical walls to separate views and individual gardens. Smaller parterre gardens featured dwarf evergreen shrubs, such as box, planted along the edges of all hard landscape items such as brick walks. Camellia, gardenia, oleander and arborvitae were often used during that period to provide a strong evergreen format to all garden areas.
With established port towns along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, the plants of Europe and Asia were well introduced to American markets by the 1800s. In addition to exhibiting wealth and prestige, obtaining these exotic species fortified the owner's feeling of control over his land. The South's mild climates and long growing season were suitable for newly introduced plants from China and Japan such as camellias, tea olive (sweet olive), banana shrub, crapemyrtle and wisteria. Additionally, local native plants were also used for shade and blossoms. Interestingly enough, many of our best garden plants today were common to that period and have truly stood the test of time.
The Greek Revival period of the early 1800s not only helped to define Southern gardens, but more importantly, provided a distinct identity for a young new nation. As generations come and go, the homes still stand as a testament to democracy and tradition. By using these few time-honored landscape techniques, this tradition will stand strong for generations to come.
Trees: Live oak, Sycamore, Sweet gum, Crapemyrtle, Flowering cherry, Flowering almond, Mimosa
Shrubs: Flowering quince, Rose of Sharon, Spiraea, Box (boxwood), Camellia, Forsythia Mock orange, Sweet shrub, Peony
Flowers & Ground Covers: Phlox, Ardisia, Marigold, Lily of the valley, Spiderwort, Canna, Asian jasmine, Hosta, Hollyhock
Garden phlox, daffodils and other fragrant perennials were Colonial favorites.
The gardens were often enclosed by wooden or brick fences to keep animals out.
Photo Credits:
(1) Photo by Corey Balazowich. All other photos courtesy of Bob Brzuszek.
(From State-by-State Gardening April 2005.)


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GREATER SANFORD AREA — Members of several local churches meet at 6:30 p.m. on the second Sunday of each month for "Singspiration," a chance to sing hymns. Anyone who enjoys singing is welcome to attend. "Singspirations" will be held next at the Pleasant Street Free Baptist Church at 10 Pleasant Street in Springvale on Dec. 9.
SPRINGVALE — The Nasson Community Center at 457 Main Street will host a New Year's Eve gala with a buffet, live music and dancing on Dec. 31. Tickets are $45 per person. This event is to benefit the community center. To request more information or to make reservations, please call Pat at www.nassoncc.org.
WELLS — A Holiday Fair and Raffle to benefit York County Shelter Programs will be held on Saturday, Dec. 8, from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the Hampton Inn at 900 Post Road in Wells. Donations of new, unwrapped toys would be greatly appreciated. For more information, please call Linda at 646-9733.
SANFORD — A public baked bean supper will be served at Sanford First Baptist Church at 905 Main Street on Saturday, Dec. 15, from 4:30 to 6 p.m. On the menu will be two kinds of baked beans, hot dogs, biscuits, cole slaw, beverage and assorted homemade pies. The cost to eat is $8 for adults and $5 for children. There will be a bake sale that evening as well.
SANFORD — Curtis Lake Church at 38 Westview Drive serves free community meals every Monday at 5:30 p.m. A church service follows the meal at 6:15 p.m. For more information, call 324-0652.
SPRINGVALE — The Sanford-Springvale Historical Museum at 505 Main St. is open from 2 to 8 p.m. on Thursdays, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Fridays, and from 9 a.m. to noon on Saturdays.


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Richard Rubin
Monday, 31 March 2014 05:30 PM
Caterpillar Inc. avoided paying $2.4 billion in U.S. taxes by shifting profits from a parts business to a subsidiary in Switzerland, according to a report released Monday by a Senate investigative committee.
The world's largest maker of construction and mining equipment made a "paper change" starting in 1999 that made the profits of the subsidiary subject to a Swiss tax rate as low as 4 percent, said Senator Carl Levin, a Michigan Democrat who will question company executives at a hearing Tuesday.
"Nothing changed in the real world after that except Caterpillar's tax bill," Levin told reporters Monday. "Caterpillar waved a magic wand to make billions of dollars in U.S. taxes disappear."
The report makes the point that offshore profit-shifting by U.S. corporations goes beyond the intellectual property maneuvers of technology companies such as Apple Inc. and Microsoft Corp. that have been the subjects of past hearings by Levin and scrutiny from governments in Europe.
According to the report, Caterpillar was able to take a profitable U.S.-based business, change little if anything about its operations and locate it in Switzerland for tax purposes.
The tax structure saves Caterpillar, which is based in Peoria, Illinois, about $300 million a year, or 7.9 percent of 2013 net income.
Senate Hearing
Caterpillar executives, including Chief Tax Officer Robin Beran, are scheduled to testify at Tuesday's hearing of the Senate's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, of which Levin is chairman. Executives from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, which aided Caterpillar, also are set to testify.
"What Caterpillar did here is pretty routine U.S. multinational tax planning," said Kenneth Kies, a Washington tax lobbyist who represents Caterpillar. "This is not radical cutting-edge tax planning. This is pretty normal stuff."
Julie Lagacy, Caterpillar's vice president for finance services, said in prepared testimony that the company complied with U.S. tax law.
The Swiss subsidiary, she said, "is no mere shell, but rather a major operating company employing hundreds of personnel in Geneva, including many of the people who perform the strategically critical work of interfacing with dealers in non-U.S. markets."
PricewaterhouseCoopers said in an e-mailed statement Monday that it stands by its work for Caterpillar.
"Our advice was founded on years of extensive work overseas and in the United States and included detailed analyses of Caterpillar's global operations," the company said in the statement.
McCain's 'Disagreement'
Senator John McCain of Arizona, the top Republican on the committee, isn't signing onto Levin's report. He told Bloomberg News in a brief interview March 28 that Caterpillar's actions weren't "on the level" of Apple's and that he and Levin "have a disagreement about the degree of the violations."
Under U.S. tax law, companies pay a 35 percent corporate income tax on profits they earn around the world. They receive tax credits for payments to foreign governments and don't have to pay U.S. taxes on profits they earn outside the country until they bring home the money.
That system gives companies an incentive to book profits outside the U.S. and leave them there, often using tax havens to minimize foreign taxes.
2013 Report
Such profit shifting costs the government between $30 billion and $90 billion a year, according to academic estimates cited in a 2013 Congressional Research Service report. The tax practice has become a focus for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Group of 20 nations, who are trying to develop coordinated rules that could be adopted by multiple governments.
The largest U.S. companies have accumulated $1.95 trillion in profits outside the country that haven't been taxed by the U.S., according to data compiled by Bloomberg News. Caterpillar has $17 billion, up from $11 billion three years earlier, according to company securities filings.
Levin's investigation began focusing on Caterpillar following a lawsuit filed by former employee Daniel Schlicksup, who alleged that company executives retaliated against him when he raised concerns about the international tax strategies.
That case was settled in 2012. Schlicksup isn't scheduled to testify.
The parts business is significant for Caterpillar because it provides a steady stream of income at high profit margins as customers replace parts of equipment, according to the report.
'Profit Machine'
The company tries to ensure that specialized parts are available around the world when needed and the report says the company has called the parts business a "perpetual profit machine" that is steady even as new machine sales slow in an economic downturn.
Levin's report focuses on a 1999 decision by Caterpillar to restructure its international parts business, acting on advice for which it paid PricewaterhouseCoopers more than $55 million.
Caterpillar and its Swiss subsidiary entered into an agreement that let the Swiss company purchase parts from third- party suppliers and sell them to dealers outside the U.S., removing Caterpillar itself from the "legal title chain" of the transactions.
That move didn't change any of the "operational details" of how Caterpillar ran its parts business.
'Paper Owner'
"Instead," the report said, "it focused on changing the legal entity that served as the paper owner of Caterpillar's replacement parts and the recipient of the non-U.S. parts profits."
As a result, profits could be booked in Switzerland, where Caterpillar negotiated a tax rate as low as 4 percent. A PricewaterhouseCoopers document cited in the report said the maneuvers were "effectively more than doubling the profit on parts."
In her prepared testimony, Lagacy said the changes created a "simpler supply chain" and eliminated unnecessary transactions.
The company created a virtual inventory so that it could track which parts in the U.S. were owned by the Swiss subsidiary and which were owned by Caterpillar, though they were commingled in U.S. warehouses.
Caterpillar called these and other maneuvers the Global Value Enhancement program, and from 2000 to 2012 the company shifted more than $8 billion in profits to Switzerland, resulting in the $2.4 billion tax advantage during those years, according to the report.
Minimal Presence
Levin's report emphasizes Caterpillar's minimal presence in Switzerland to suggest that Caterpillar's parts operation is still run from the U.S. According to the report, the company has about 8,300 employees who specialize in parts — 4,900 in the U.S. and 65 in Switzerland.
The company's parts warehouses, inventory tracking and forecasting are operated in the U.S., the report says.
Nevertheless, the Swiss subsidiary received about 85 percent of the profits from non-U.S. parts sales while Caterpillar received about 15 percent. That's about the reverse of the split that had been in place before 1999, Levin said.
In a deposition from Schlicksup's lawsuit, Rodney Perkins, a senior international tax manager for Caterpillar, said the transactions had no business advantage other than tax reduction. U.S. tax law prohibits companies from making transactions that have no economic substance other than tax avoidance.
Perkins, who is retired from Caterpillar, will testify Tuesday.
Unrelated Companies
Under tax laws, the transaction was supposed to be treated for tax purposes as if it were made by two unrelated companies. Levin said Caterpillar wouldn't have engaged in such a transaction with an outside company. Caterpillar retained the ultimate economic risk and received little in return for a valuable business it had spent years building.
"The structure complies with existing law and offends no U.S. tax policy," Lagacy said in her testimony. "Caterpillar stands by this structure."
The report cites concerns within PricewaterhouseCoopers and Caterpillar that the strategy was legally risky. In December 2008, Perkins wrote in an e-mail that proposed U.S. tax rules would put the benefits at risk unless Caterpillar added "sufficient entrepreneurial substance" in Geneva.
In his lawsuit, Schlicksup alleged that Caterpillar used a subsidiary in Bermuda to return money to the U.S. without paying the required taxes.
The report doesn't address these allegations, though it says Caterpillar's Swiss subsidiary made some prepayments for goods, alleviating some of the cash crunch caused by the buildup of offshore profits.
What's not clear from the report or from securities filings is how the Internal Revenue Service has responded to the transactions. The tax agency is prohibited by law from discussing matters involving any taxpayers.
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Course Outline: This course will provide you with the knowledge and skills to plan and administer a Microsoft SharePoint 2016 environment. View the entire course outline here.
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Attend this course on-demand. Microsoft Official Courses On-Demand (MOC On-Demand) uses a combination of streaming video, text, lab exercises and assessment checks throughout the course. You have 6 months to activate your MOC course. Once activated, MOC On-Demand courses are available for 90 days and recommend the following system requirements:
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Your Custom Text Here
BLOG 1: YOUR STORIESHonda CBR 900 RR - Chain Kit DID Type VX - 485672Triumph T 509 Speed Triple - Chain Kit DID Type VX - 482924
People tell me I'm a mom on a mission. I am on a mission. We have to make the case for effective, compassionate care for those with serious mental illness (SMI) and to do that we have to tell our stories. Triumph Daytona 955 I - Chain Kit DID Type VX - 482924KTM 990 SUPER DUKE - Chain Kit DID Type VX - 482860Stories about tragedies that could have been prevented. Stories about the need for beds and housing. Stories about outrageous HIPAA laws that prevent us from helping those we love. Stories about our missing and homeless children and mothers and fathers. Stories about our sons and daughters in jails and prisons and solitary confinement without treatment. And on and on...
We have to do this. Nothing else is working. Not healthcare. Not government. Not prisons. Everything's fraught with hidden agendas, bureaucratic incompetence, and self-interest. Or lack of interest.5 Ft Athletic Horizontal Bar Teens Adjustable Gymnastic Training Kip Bars PURPLE.Fisi 2018-2020 Kappa Fleece 6cento 687 Mask Ski Audi Team Snow 303sah0Boots Women's Snowboard SALOMON IVY BOA SJ 2019 MP 24.5 SAMPLE CASE.
I hear many of you in the SMI community say, "So much has happened I could write a book." I believe you could write a book. Why not warm up here? Let's move our stories out of closed Facebook groups and anonymous support groups into mainstream discourse. Trigon Sports Procage Premium L-Screen Frame with Net, 7 x 7-FeetKELLY SLATER Hand Signed HUGE 20 x30 Colour PhotoLet's bombard the public/legislators with accounts they won't be able to ignore. Let's make change happen. Sooner than tomorrow...Brand New Landyachtz Drop Cat 38 Illuminacion Longboard Bene Rohlmann.
Send me your stories. Subscribe to the blog (Click on Your Stories). Spread the word.Demarini Voodoo Bat. 31 In. Length 21 Oz. Drop 10 2 3 4 In. Barrel.
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Finalist: 2016 San Francisco Writer's Conference Memoir Contest
Finalist: 2016 Writer's Digest Writing Competition
Finalist: 2017 New Millennium Writings 43rd Literary Awards Competition: Nonfiction
To read the Introduction, click on "My Diary" in the Navigation bar above.
DedicationMiken Psycho Max Load 26.5oz MPDILU NSA USSSA 2018 Brandon Dillon NEW
For Patrick and his sisters,
Megan, Marisa, and Kerry.
And for the mothers.
Mothers are the people who love us for no good reason.
And those of us who are mothers know it's the most
exquisite love of all.
Maggie Gallagher
From the back cover:Anon M3 MFI Goggle mit Skimaske + Wechselglas Skibrille Snowboardbrille Schnee
I had no idea, as I was writing my diary (June 15, 2013 — June 15, 2014) that I was capturing the last year of my son's life. Pat died, unexpectedly, on July 23, 2014, on a hospital psych ward. Suddenly, my diary morphed into a more poignant record than I'd anticipated and, after he died, I discovered Pat had been making regular posts on Facebook. I decided to add his comments to my own.
One day, you know it will be your turn. Something alters your projection. There's a major shift and then events will be referenced as "before" or "after." Your life as it was versus the way it is now. In Sooner Than Tomorrow, I learn — right along with the reader — what will happen next. We're all on a journey. Thank you for going on this journey with me."
— Dede Ranahan


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Brits buy 3.1m Freeview HD devices
Maybe even more if there were more channels?
Britons have acquired 3.1m Freeview HD devices - TVs, receivers and DVRs - Freeview reported last week.
In total, 18m homes have a Freeview-capable device of some kind, be it HD or standard definition.
Just under 58 per cent of homes - 10.2m - pick up Freeview on a TV rather than a set-top box. There are 1.8m Freeview HD TVs out there.
Freeview HD currently offers four HD channels – BBC One HD, BBC HD, ITV 1 HD and Channel 4 HD - and a fifth channel is due to launch in April 2012. ®
Sponsored: Detecting cyber attacks as a small to medium business


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January 15th
9:30am to 11:30am
9:30am to 11:30am
Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit
2675 Concession Road Kemptville, ON
If you have questions about feeding your baby you can visit our Infant Feeding clinics. It is a good idea to get support early on, even if your baby is feeding well. Getting support early on can help you gain the confidence to know that baby is healthy and growing.
During your visit to the clinic, a Registered Nurse will:
- Provide one-on-one support to help you feed your baby
- Assess your baby to make sure they are growing well and meeting their growth milestones
- Guide you to learn your baby's feeding cues so that you know when your baby is hungry or full
- Teach you the signs to know that your baby is feeding well
- Give you tips to help you with common breastfeeding challenges
- Give you the chance to ask questions you may have about feeding your baby
You may drop-in or make an appointment by calling 1-800-660-5853 and asking to speak with a Public Health Nurse.


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Davey, Davey, Davey. Will you ever learn? Ouias? Non? You can't beat DAF, you can only hope Volvo buys them. Your little French off-roader is cute, but its puny butt gets beaten redder than table wine by the true king of obscure European 4x4s, the DAF Pony Military Vehicle. First of all, the driver sits in front of the vehicle — not in the front of, but all the way ahead. Which is insane. Second, he has to steer side-saddle. Which is the origin of the word batshit. And don't even get me started on approach/departure angles. France simply cannot compete, Johnson. More proof? Make the jump to check out the horn.
Related: DAF vs. FAF: Get Your YA-YAs Outta My Face, Jonny: Mehari!; More: DAF vs. FAF: Nailing Shut Davey G's Coffin; The DAF 66 YA; More: Don't Call it a Comeback: More FAFtasticness, Loverman Meets the Guillotine [Internal]


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Frederik Lang is a consultant in the BCG Henderson Institute (2015-2016), supporting the research of the BCG Fellows. Frederik joined the firm in 2012 and has primarily worked with strategy and sales optimization within industrial goods and health care.
Frederik's recent case experience includes supporting the postmerger integration of two engineering consultancies, assessing the Nordic business unit of a European pharmaceutical company and developing recommendations for brand renaissance, and evaluating costs and revenue synergies in due diligence within the industrial-goods sector.


text:
Who Else is Ready to Discover Secrets of
Personal Development, Inspiration and Abundance
That Most People Only Dream About?
"Here's How to Get Inspired on Purpose – FREE!"
(Plus 7 Inspiring Bonus Gifts)
From: Tupelo Kenyon
Story, Wyoming
Wednesday, 11:35 a.m.
Dear Friend,
You like feeling inspired, right?
If you're like me, you want to feel you are living your life on purpose and feel passionate about what you are doing. You'd like to make quantum leaps in your personal development and prosperity . . . not just once, but over and over again, on a daily basis.
So I asked myself, "What is the most valuable thing I could give away?
Inspiration that continues day after day.
Then I asked myself, "How can I contribute something valuable but FREE to help you feel passionate about living an inspired life on purpose?"
That's how the "Inspired on Purpose" newsletter was born. (Subscribe free now.)
It's an email subscription service ($99 per year value). I'm offering you a free subscription that delivers tips, techniques, articles, resources and stories of inspiration. Not just once, but an ongoing stream of tools, triggers, insights and catalysts to help you stay inspired and live your best life on purpose.
When you join the free "Inspired on Purpose" newsletter, you'll discover secrets like how to . . .
• Take back the reins of your life.
• Get in sync with your life's purpose.
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Inspiration Beyond the Mainstream
In the mainstream, there are precious few encouragements for those of us interested in personal development.
• The news media is grounded in negativity and fear. A steady diet of that doesn't support intentions of personal growth.
• Television and radio are generally not interested in personal development. Programming is targeted toward humanity's lowest common denominator. Bad news sells. It's not very inspiring.
• The average people you meet aren't much help. They have been so overwhelmed with the mainstream negativity, ideas of personal development rarely occur to them.
But a growing number of us refuse to settle for mediocrity. Calling us average would be an insult. We demand more of ourselves. We choose to surround ourselves with empowering ideas and inspiring people.
Attracting Excellence
I have no idea how you found this website, but the fact that you are here indicates all these things are important to you. You already know passion infuses your life with a certain magnetism that attracts all the good things in life . . . solid, satisfying relationships, glowing health, vitality, a positive self-image, peace and abundance in all areas of your life.
This is likely a good description of where your life is going and the kind of people you'd like to go with. Me too.
Personal development is not easy, but you are not alone.
As more and more people continue to wake up to the importance of their own personal evolution, better ideas, uplifting music, and clever tools emerge to support and encourage this fundamental urge.
My intent for the "Inspired on Purpose" newsletter is to make available the best of what I have discovered in this life-enhancing field of personal growth. (Subscribe free now.)
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Abundance and Success Equals Freedom
What most of us really want is freedom – freedom to do our own thing, in our own way, in our own time. These days, in order to experience this satisfying level of freedom, it takes money. It's neither good nor bad – it's just the way our society has evolved.
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You can easily un-subscribe at any time. (This rarely happens, but if you do choose to un-subscribe, for any reason, please keep all ten free bonuses as a thank-you gift for checking out "Inspired on Purpose.")
Your privacy is very important to me. I will not sell, rent, trade or release your contact info to anyone for any reason. Spam is the scourge of cyberspace. I would never, ever contribute to it in any way. Your name and email is strictly confidential.
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Celebrate being alive,
Tupelo Kenyon
P.S. Since this is a test and limited to the first 100 people who sign up for the free subscription, this page and this offer may be gone if you try to come back later. Right now, you can get $342.73 worth of free bonuses simply by entering your first name and primary email address in the boxes above. Don't miss out on this limited-time offer to get your free subscription to "Inspired on Purpose" newsletter. You'll get over three hundred dollars worth of inspiration and uplifting music absolutely FREE with no strings attached.
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