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Product Description
No Pedestrians Reflective Road Traffic Signs
No Pedestrians Reflective Road Traffic Signs, these 'No Pedestrians Reflective Road Traffic Signs are the ideal choice for your traffic sign solutions, display the 'No Pedestrians' sign on a post in a prominent position. around your sites and premises where it might be dangerous for pedestrians to walk around or walk through or enter you may need to stop them or prohibit the pedestrians by displaying these 'No Pedestrians' Signs, when you display these 'No Pedestrians' Signs you are conveying a clear message to everyone including staff, visitors, contractors and the general public that they are not allowed or they are prohibited from using that specific route around your premises.
These No Pedestrians Reflective Road Traffic Signs are a prohibition road traffic sign which consists of an image of a person walking which is printed in black and displayed on a white background and surrounded by a solid red circle with a diagonal red line passing through it, the solid red circle with a diagonal red line passing through it signifies a prohibition sign which means you are not allowed or you are prohibited.
The health & Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) regulations 1996 state that No Pedestrians Reflective Road Traffic Signs must be displayed to stop people where potential hazards exist so by displaying these 'No Pedestrians' Signs you are complying with health & safety requirements. Our range of 'No Pedestrians' Signs are available in a complete range of sizes and materials and with free delivery too. Please display your 'No Pedestrians' Signs in clear prominent positions where you want no pedestrians to walk or enter.
No Pedestrians Reflective Road Traffic Signs Specifications
Manage pedestrian and traffic movement and improve safety on your premises with these traffic signs
- Available in the following materials:
- Class RA1 rigid plastic
- Class RA1 aluminium
- Class RA2 aluminium
- Class RA1 aluminium extra tough
- Traffic signs comply with BSEN12899-1:2001
- Clips, clamps, fixings and posts not included (sold separately)
Class RA1 rigid plastic
3mm rigid plastic backing with class RA1 reflective face. A practical and cost-effective solution which has a low re-use value which reduces the risk of theft.
Class RA1 Aluminium
3mm aluminium plate backing with class RA1 reflective face. Our most popular range as it offers a more durable solution than rigid plastic due to the pressure applied reflective face onto the 3mm anodised aluminium backing.
Class RA2 Aluminium
3mm aluminium plate backing with class RA2 reflective face, offers 3 times more reflectivity than class RA1
Class RA1 Aluminium extra tough
3mm aluminium plate backing with class RA1 reflective face and protective over laminate. Over laminate layer offers great durability providing the sign face with anti-graffiti protection which can be easily cleaned and also prolongs life expectancy by reducing the effects of weathering.
- Reflectivity -class RA1 v Class RA2
- Class RA1
- Class RA2
All signs we manufacture are available in 2 reflectivity options, class RA1 and class RA2. The reflective material fully complies with BS EN 12899:1:2007
This is the standard option providing a high level of performance for everyday use.
Ideal for high risk areas, class RA2 is an engineering grade that provides at least 3 times the reflective properties of class RA1 signs.
Additional Information
Additional Information
|Expert Guidance
Delivery Information
SafetyBox - Deliveries
The majority of UK orders for stock products will be despatched same day. This is for orders despatched to UK addresses only and does not apply to our Custom Sign Service. We guarantee the safe arrival of your order. Every item is fully insured against loss or damage. We make the following charges for packing, delivery and insurance. Items may be subject to an additional carriage charge. You will be notified if this applies when you place your order.
Our office hours are 8.30 - 5:30pm Monday to Friday. Any orders placed for stock products that are received before 5:30pm Monday to Friday will normally be despatched the same day but we cannot guarantee this. Orders placed outside of our office hours will be processed the following working day. Please note that as we provide a free delivery service there can be quite a demand but our aim is to dispatch all orders in the fastest possible time. If you require an estimated dispatch time on any particular item(s) please contact us with the SKU number(s) and quantity of items you require, we will then check our systems for availability and let you know when you would normally expect delivery for such item(s). We aim to process all orders for dispatch the next day if the item is ordered before 3pm, however this is not a guarantee.
Your products will be shipped as ordered. For example, if you place an order for any product that has a delivery time of 1 week this is an estimated time.
In the event your goods have been delivered to you and you have had a change of mind about the goods, ordered the wrong product(s) by mistake or no longer want the goods and would like a refund and the goods returned to us then we will arrange a collection of the goods from the delivery address but we will deduct from your refund a courier fee of £9.99 (up to 5kg) to cover our collection and administration costs, returned goods over 5kg will be priced accordingly upon process of the returns. Please DO NOT return your product(s) to the address on this website as this is our offices only, if you would prefer to send any goods back to us my your own method then send us an e-mail and we will provide you with the RETURNS address and returns reference number, we cannot receive returned goods without this reference returns number into our warehouse, goods returned without the number may be rejected and will cause a delay in you being refunded.Delivery for products that are not stocked. We have a number of products that are not stocked, the website will display in stock as this is required to display the stock, however some stock items may need replenishing and for these products customers can expect delivery times to be longer but unfortunately we cannot notify you of this. These items can take up to one week for delivery. If you require further information on approximate delivery dates please do not hesitate to contact us.Please note that due to the FREE delivery offer we cannot provide a guaranteed delivery time or provide a Saturday delivery, we apologise for any inconvenience this may cause.
Sign Materials
Self Adhesive Vinyl
High gloss flexible material suitable for curved and flat surfaces. Our most economical permanent material. Fixings: Permanent self-adhesive
Rigid Plastic Material
1.2mm rigid polypropylene with satin finish. Complies with fire retardant standards Fully recyclable. Fixings: Various - available separately
Polycarbonate Material
Virtually indestructible 2mm rigid polycarbonate with a satin finish. Complies with fire retardant standards DIN 4102-Part 1, Class B1
Aluminium Material
Durable metal will not rot or rust. Available in 0.9mm (deluxe), 1.5mm (lightweight) and 3mm (outdoor) thicknesses. Fixings: Bolted
Deluxe Acrylic
Stylish 6mm acrylic with green edging and silver anodised aluminium fixings. Sign sits 20mm proud of the wall. Fixings: Bolted
Deluxe Brass Material
Durable 1.6mm polished brass complete with radius corners and drill holes. Fixings: Bolted
Correx Fluted Material
Lightweight 3.5mm fluted polypropylene is easy to install and recyclable. Represents fantastic value for money.
Tactile And Braille
Improve accessibility for blind and partially sighted staff and visitors. Rigid plastic signs with braille plus raised letters and pictograms.


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Survey indicates highly-satisfied Memorial Day weekend visitors
PRATT — Looking for a peaceful, uncrowded Memorial Day weekend outdoor experience? Try a Kansas state fishing lake.
PRATT — Looking for a peaceful, uncrowded Memorial Day weekend outdoor experience? Try a Kansas state fishing lake.
Last year, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (KDWP) fisheries biologists and public lands managers conducted surveys at state fishing lakes during the Memorial Day weekend to determine if anglers felt crowded. A total of 337 interviews were completed at 24 state fishing lakes across Kansas.
The result? Most anglers reported low levels of crowding, high satisfaction, and sufficient access for shore and boat anglers. Three observations made it clear that state fishing lakes offered an uncrowded, user-friendly experience, even on the busiest weekends:
- minimal to no wait time to launch a boat;
- on average, only one-third of parking areas full; and
- anglers less crowded than they anticipated.
Anglers were highly satisfied with their experience, indicating that state fishing lakes are great alternatives for those seeking less crowded experiences during a traditionally busy fishing and camping holiday weekend.
In addition to fishing, picnicking and camping were popular activities at state fishing lakes. Some, such as Kingman, McPherson, Mined Land, and Ottawa offer modern, affordable cabins for those who prefer not to camp. Many state fishing lakes also have ADA-compliant facilities, such as accessible docks and piers.
You don't need a boat to enjoy the state fishing lake angling experience because numerous piers, jetties, and accessible shoreline are available for easy access. In fact, last year's survey indicated that nearly half of the interviewed anglers fished from shore, and they responded positively when asked if there was enough access to the lake without having a boat.
As the name suggests, most state fishing lakes are managed for anglers, so no pleasure boating, skiing, or swimming is allowed. (Because Crawford, Meade, and Scott are also state parks, they allow swimming, and Crawford and Scott allow some recreational boating and offer recreational facilities such as sand volleyball courts, bathhouses, and horseshoe pits. Chase State Fishing Lake also has a swimming beach.) Water-use restrictions may limit their appeal to some outdoor users, but for others, the limitation may be a peaceful plus.
"The bottom line is that anglers who chose to fish on Memorial Day weekend at state fishing lakes last year were very happy with their experience," said Doug Nygren, KDWP Fisheries Section supervisor. "And most did not feel crowded, even on the busiest weekend of the year. These lakes are great alternatives to large federal reservoirs on Memorial Day. If you just want to enjoy nature, camp, and fish, you may be able to find a great family-friendly spot all to yourself at a state fishing lake this Memorial Day weekend."

subset: commoncrawl


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SD2003: Aligning storage management tools with operational processes
Stephen Foskett, a senior consultant at GlassHouse Technologies, presented an elaborate matrix of SRM tools and how they map to the various storage management processes identified.
Stephen Foskett, a senior consultant at GlassHouse Technologies, took the stage at Storage Decisions recently to present an elaborate matrix of SRM tools and how they map to the various storage management processes he's identified.
Foskett first admitted end users have it tough when it comes to deciding on the best storage management tools for their needs. Just sorting out the dizzying array of options available from the over 114 storage management products he identified in the marketplace was hard enough.
This effort is complicated by the fact that many storage management tools have overlapping features and confusing names, he said. Storage resource management (SRM) to one vendor, for example, may mean something different than it does to another.
To understand which tools are best for your environment, Foskett believed it makes more sense to look at storage management from a different perspective and really evaluate the requirements of your business. One way to do so is to ask such questions as, "What tasks do I need to perform?" and "How will this product help me?"
As part of Foskett's recent storage management research, he shared a sophisticated matrix of SRM tools and functions. In the matrix, he identified 67 discrete storage management tasks performed in today's enterprise storage environment.
Foskett also shared a method for attendees to map specific storage management tasks and activities required to 11 categories of functions he identified as being performed by various storage management software packages today.
According to Foskett, the 11 functions performed by storage management software include:
- Accounting
- Application management
- Asset management
- Capacity planning
- Configuration management
- Device management
- Information lifecycle management (ILM)
- Performance management
- Provisioning
- SAN design
- SAN management
Foskett's related presentation slides and other links to the full session proceedings are available here.
About the speaker: Stephen Foskett is a senior consultant, storage management strategies and integration at Glasshouse Technologies.


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How to Use
the Readings
Inquiry Question
Reading 1: Alabama Literacy Test
In the summer of 1964, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the Conference on Racial Equality (CORE) conducted massive registration drives in the South. Met with violent resistance—including the murders of three civil rights workers in Philadelphia, Mississippi—these drives had only limited success.
African-American citizens in Selma conducted their own registration drives. The Dallas County Voters League (DCVL) had been founded before World War II and reinvigorated after the war by Samuel Boynton, its second president. Boynton, his wife Amelia, and DCVL member Marie Foster held classes to help African Americans in Dallas County pass the literacy tests required for voter registration, but were hampered by a pervasive fear of reprisals from the white community. In 1963, Dr. F. D. Reese, President of the DCVL, asked SNCC for assistance. Mass meetings addressed by Martin Luther King, Jr., and other civil rights leaders and organized marches to the Dallas County Courthouse to register to vote had some success. By 1964, 2.2% of African Americans over 21 were registered to vote in Dallas County; there were no registered black voters at all in neighboring Wilcox and Lowndes counties.
Between August 1964 and July 1965 the State of Alabama used 100 different literacy tests to make it difficult for people to "study" for the test. Applicants were asked to pick a test at random from a loose-leaf notebook. The sample test below was used by Rufus A. Lewis in voter education classes for African Americans that he led in Montgomery in the 1960s:


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McCarthy changing things up for Packers camp
Neal, Perry placed on PUP list
Going into his ninth year coaching the Packers, Mike McCarthy isn't averse to changing things up.
After two injury-filled seasons, an alteration is coming to how Green Bay prepares for games.
The practice schedule is changing, with players getting an off day, then running through practice the day before a game. That's the reverse of how things were done last season.
"This is the first time the schedule is changing in nine years," McCarthy said Friday as the Packers reported to camp. "This is the third year we've talked about it. I decided in spring to take the leap. We really just want to get that right and get our guys ready."
McCarthy described it as a philosophical change. It's another noticeable tweak following a 2013 season in which the Packers finished 8-7-1 and won a third straight NFC North title before losing at home in a wild-card game to the San Francisco 49ers.
Last season will also be remembered for the swath of injuries that hit the team, including quarterback Aaron Rodgers' broken collarbone and linebacker Clay Matthews' broken right thumb.
This offseason, McCarthy also decided to cut down the playbook a little, particularly on defense, in what he has dubbed a "more personnel, less scheme" plan. The goal there is to have more players available to fill in if necessary, and the potential replacements would have less in the playbook to master.
Now comes this tweak to the schedule, with implementation beginning in training camp. The first practice is Saturday.
"Your goal is to be in pads every day," McCarthy said. "But really how the team moves through camp - looking back on our last two camps, the things that have gone on, the stress points in camp, where injuries occur, we really haven't started the way we've wanted to the last two years."
This year already isn't starting a good note for linebackers Mike Neal and Nick Perry, who were both placed on the physically unable to perform list Friday afternoon. Their injuries weren't specified, though Perry missed much of last year with a foot injury.
Neal and Perry, however, would be able to take part in practice whenever cleared. Players arrived at camp Friday, when they were to undergo physicals.
Also, defensive linemen Letroy Guion and Jerel Worthy were placed on the non-football injury list, while receiver Jeff Janis was placed on the non-football illness list. Janis was a seventh-round draft pick.
Last season, the Packers were hit by hamstring injuries in camp. One to Casey Hayward hampered the key cornerback all season.
McCarthy also said he was making adjustments to the second part of the camp schedule. He didn't go into much detail, though he said roster decisions would go down to the final preseason game, as usual. This year, that game is Aug. 28 against Kansas City.
The Packers have new workout facilities. McCarthy said he likes how his team emerged from the offseason program and gives a lot of credit to the veterans.
Since the new collective bargaining agreement in 2011, "I think this is the first year that I feel like I got it right," McCarthy said. "There (have) been years prior that I didn't really quite feel like we were, as far as the way you practice and what you can get done and the reality of what you should be doing versus how you do it."
The ultimate goal is to play fast, which is a hallmark especially when the Packers are in the hurry-up offense.
Other highlights from Friday:
BACKUP QB: McCarthy isn't opposed to keeping two backup quarterbacks on the roster behind Rodgers. Matt Flynn and Scott Tolzien are seemingly competing for the No. 2 job behind Rodgers. The backup job was a big issue last year following the injury to the normally durable Rodgers.
TIGHT END: McCarthy isn't aware of a deadline on a decision on free agent tight end Jermichael Finley. He suffered a spinal injury that knocked him out in early October. "Jermichael Finley is a Green Bay Packer in my opinion and obviously he's going through a medical situation. First and foremost, you just want him to get healthy," the coach said.


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|Discounted Price
|33 +
Buy HP 951 Original Cyan Ink Cartridge with FAST FREE UK delivery available with genuine HP 951 cyan ink cartridge orders.
This HP 951 original cyan ink cartridge is a high quality ink cartridge made using HP technology. The HP 951 cyan printer ink is part of the 951 series ink using HP premium ink producing high quality clean and crisp images and graphic documents.
All Internet-ink products come with customer satisfaction guarantee and secure shopping for the 951 cyan ink. The HP 951 cyan ink cartridge CN050AE prints approx 700 pages at 5% average coverage and contains 8.5ml of HP ink.
- Get great all round value with this HP 951 cyan ink cartridge.
- Fast Free Delivery to the UK and secure European delivery available.
- 1 year guarantee on all HP 951 ink cartridge online orders.
The HP cyan 951 ink original standard capacity is ideal for print users to get the most out of their ink cartridge. The HP CN050AE is a standard capacity ink cartridge so will print out enough pages for a regular user. Made with high quality HP technology and HP ink, the HP 951 cyan will give you vivid and stunning photo lab quality prints in all types of office or home graphics and text prints. Combine the 951 ink cartridge with high performance 6x4 photo paper to print off your family photos at a great price.
Internet-ink offers high value and quality HP 951 original ink at a great price. We take the hassle out of ink cartridge ordering and allow you to sit back and relax whilst our busy team work hard to get your HP CN050AE out to you. Dont forget all our HP 951 ink, like all inks come with a 1 year guarantee and all the after support you need to make shopping for inks easy from our online secure shop. Just drop your HP 951 cyan ink cartridge into the basket and checkout we can do the rest of the work for you. Don?t buy from anywhere else, only Internet-ink and get 10% your next 951 ink order.
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Razor999 precisava de um novo design de página da web e criou um concurso na 99designs.
Um vencedor foi selecionado entre 36 designs enviados por 12 designers freelancers.
Slick, stylish web site for new PR, event, marketing company. Color scheme and style to be driven by logo #2 and the "razor symbol" at http://www.johntempera.com/razormedia.zip
Flash to be no longer than 5-10 seconds with skip option - 150-200 kb
No tagline
Desired Color Scheme:
Blues, silver, metallic for buttons, Open, clean for text - white.
Desired Style:
Slick, stylish, modern, clean.
Easy to navigate - professional looking.
Accepted File Formats:
Photshop PSD - uncoded template, anything for Flash
We are looking for the design we will use to build the rest of our site around. We are also looking for the Flash intro page.
The Flash page should be a "build" of the logo - http://www.johntempera.com/razormedia.zip Very quick - with a skip option.
Razor Media Inc is a cutting edge PR and Marketing services firm.
You should include the logo and the full company name - http://www.johntempera.com/razormedia.zip - LOGO #2 and Symbol
We don't have any text right now so you can fill it in with latin.
Navigation buttons at the top should read: Home / The Razor Edge / Services / Expertise / Razor News / Contact Us / Francais
Very clean look - a bit of text but not too much. Something on the page should be a placeholder for a photo or video we will use to promote our most recent event.
There should be a secondary button off the the side which should look different than the others - this one is to be called "Razor Cafe" - which will be a link to online forums, etc.
This contest was originally listed in multiple categories:
- Web Page Design
- Flash Animation


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Quick Search
My Account
Productivity Android Apps
Image Editor Android App
Computer Android App
3D Viewer Android App
Image Viewer Android App
Programmer Keyboard Android App
Production Materials
Baby Hats Stickers
Boy Hats Stickers
Flowers Frames
Girls Hats Stickers
Job Hats Stickers
Masks Stickers
Scarves Stickers
Relaxation Android Apps
Ocean Live Wallpaper
Beach Live Wallpaper
Beach Trees Live Wallpaper
Baby Cheetah Live Wallpaper
Baby Upset Cheetah Wallpaper
Beach Palm Tree Live Wallpaper
Blue Ocean Live Wallpaper
Flower Field Live Wallpaper
Flowers Field Live Wallpaper
Midnight Ocean Wallpaper
Sandy Beach Live Wallpaper
Sunset Beach Live Wallpaper
Waterfall Live Wallpaper
Waves Live Wallpaper
Terms & Conditions
Productivity Android Apps
Computer Android App
This is a file explorer or file manager, designed to feel similar to Computer from Windows 7 and My Computer from Windows XP. It has an Open With option for all files, which works similar with OpenWith option from Windows.
Network file sharing includes a SMB client (Samba) for Windows files shares on LAN, a FTP client for internet connections, and a SSH client (SFTP). Zip archive extraction is included as well.
Supports tabs, so you can open multiple folders at the same time. It is also a task manager allowing switching to other programms you have opened, or close or uninstall them. Launched applications are also in the taskbar. There is also an alternative to Start Menu button: the Applications link in the side menu will list all applications installed.
It also has built-in file viewers: -3DViewer is a 3ds viewer and an obj viewer, for opening 3D objects files. -ImageViewer is a PNG viewer, JPG viewer, GIF viewer, BMP viewer, TGA viewer ( TARGA ), TIF viewer ( TIFF ), DDS viewer ( DXT ), for opening image files. -MediaPlayer is a video and audio player for many file types, like mkv, wmv, mp4, avi and more. -Image Editor is a powerful tool witch supports multiple layers&projects, actions, undo/redo and more.
This is a BETA release!


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I am proud to say that SLPs have again represented in this initiative, underscoring our key role in the educational process and in the spheres of social media and educational technology. What follows is a list of SLP nominees, so please VOTE early and often.
As the Edublogs People tell us:
Remember that only one vote per day per category will be counted from the same location!
This means, if your school uses one IP address, you'll need to ask students and staff to vote from home, or only one vote will count.
The best way to vote is to navigate to Vote Here, select Vote all at Once from the dropdown menu, and be aware of the following SLP nominees in various categories.
|CLICK THE IMAGE ABOVE TO VOTE or go to this link
CONGRATS to all the nominees!! Thanks again to those who nominated me!
Best Individual Blog
Best Group Blog
ASHAsphere *
Best New Blog
Speaking of Apps
Speech Adventures
Speechie Apps
Best Student Blog
HannaB, gradstudentSLP
Best Ed Tech Blog
Best Teacher Blog
speech-language-therapy.com- Caroline Bowen
Most Influential Post
Lexical Linguist – Nomenclature and basic functions of Twitter (AKA Twitter 101 for SLPs and AUDs)
Individual Tweeter
@SpeechyKeenSLP – Tara Roehl
Twitter Hashtag
Therapy and Learning Services
Social Network
Mobile Apps
Custom Boards Premium
Vote Away! Remember that this event is also a great way to discover new resources to follow, including those not created by SLPs.
(This post originally appeared on SpeechTechie)
(*Editor's note: we're honored that ASHAsphere was nominated for Best Group Blog! Thank you so much for the nominations and support of ASHAsphere, and thank you to the great contributors who make this blog a valued resource!)
Sean Sweeney, MS, MEd, CCC-SLP, is an SLP and technology specialist working in private practice at the Ely Center in Newton, MA, and consults to local and national organizations on technology integration in speech and language interventions. His blog, SpeechTechie (www.speechtechie.com), looks at technology "through a language lens." Contact him at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Captain Christopher Manson assigned the 104th Precinct Conditions Team to remove graffiti on a residential garage across from I.S. 73 on 71st Street near Grand Avenue, however when they arrived police observed 18-year-old Maspeth resident Eric Rojas vandalizing the same location.
Newly appointed Conditions Officer Ronald York made the arrest on Dec. 28, one night after receiving a copy of the paper in his mailbox from Manson.
"I did the cleanup the next day," York said. "It's all cleaned up now, but I'll drive by again. As of last Friday, it's still clean."
York added that Rojas was spray-painting a "smiley face with a joint in his mouth," on the same part of the building pictured the week before in the paper.
"There was graffiti all over that building," Manson recalled when he opened the paper. "I saw it and ripped it out and put it in his mailbox. He goes over there the next night and there's the guy doing the graffiti art. What are the chances?"
Manson said he is always on the lookout for graffiti, and that officers look for matching tags to locate graffiti patterns.
"Graffiti never stops," Manson said. "You get any of these eyesores of the week, tell me about them."
Any merchants that wish to donate paints or supplies to the 104th Precinct's graffiti cleanup efforts, contact Community Affairs Detective Thomas Bell at (718) 386-2431.


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One day, I will learn how to do my hair like this:
Love. Anyway as a treat I have TWO Just Desserts Body Custards to Giveaway. One is Vanilla Ice Cream Flavour one is Strawberry Cheesecake. Nom!
Want to win one?
Method 1:
Leave me a comment telling me what your favourite dessert is…
Its Sweet Coconut Rice with Mango Slices – a Thai Dessert I believe, its so delicious it isn't even of this planet. If anyone has a recipe….let me know. I'll pass it on to my mother and Mr Candy.
OR Method 2:
Follow me on Twitter and retweet (RT) the following message:
RT @cosmetic_candy: RT to Win one of two Just Desserts Body Custards. For info go to – http://tinyurl.com/2aqcnof
Good Luck!


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Initial release: May 30, 2013
Budget: 70 million USD
Now you see me was an extraordinary treat. I really enjoyed the movie. I'm not a big fan of telling people what happens in movies during a review, so I'm going to leave that to the trailer (which always seems to tell too many secrets) but… let me give you a background.
The story is based on a group of 4 pretty extraordinary magician-ish people. There is a magician, an escape artist, a thief and a conman. They are brought together by an unknown party to stage some of the best magic tricks ever seen. One of which is what you see in the trailer… they rob a bank in Paris during a show at Las Vegas.
Jesse Eisenberg's role was well done, but we've seen it before in the Social Network. He plays the same character except this one does magic tricks. Isla Fisher did pretty well, but was really just another blip on the screen. Woody Harrelson did a very good job in his role as conman, Morgan Freeman played the same character we've seen him play in loads of movies and he did it very well… you know the one… the kind of mysterious older gentlemen who has that condescending glimmer in his eye and always seems to know way more than you do….
Lastly… but not at all least… Mark Ruffalo. He was a mad man – such a good actor. Watch his performance and you will be sure to agree with me. His part was perfectly played all the way to the end. The film and plot were well written. I did call around 70% of what was going to happen including the end, but it was done well and there were enough plot twists to have you guessing enough to be exciting. In addition, a lot of what I called ahead was only minutes before it actually happened so it wasn't incredibly obvious.
All in all I give the movie Now You See Me 4 out of 5 stars. It was very well done, totally worth seeing (even at night when it is full price!).


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It's that time of year again. The Club Industry staff wants to know about the programs at your club. Here is your chance to tell us about your best programs and gain industry recognition for your achievements by entering Club Industry's 10th Annual Best of the Best contest.
The Club Industry Best of the Best Awards highlight excellence in seven programming categories: New Member Integration, Member Retention, New Member Sales, Community-based Program, Nonmember Program, Children's Program and Behavior Modification.
Winners will be honored at the Club Industry show in Las Vegas on Oct. 11, reimbursed for up to three Club Industry conference registration fees and will be featured in Club Industry magazine and on Club Industry's website.
With an even easier online application process, there is no reason you can't submit your program entries by the June 22 deadline.


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Volcano's Blast Off – Memorable Coaster Moments
On Volcano, riders board the train and get buckled in. The train is slowly dispatched and takes an immediate left. As they finish the left turn a long tunnel lies ahead. The train just creeps along as the riders wonder when they'll be launched. You see the LIMs overhead and know that it'll happen any second and then it happens. The acceleration is so raw and powerful. It's like there's an angry machine gradually pushing you faster and faster. The launch is nowhere near as immediate as Hypersonic XLC's was. It's a bit more gradual, but still very exhilarating.
Relive more memorable coaster moments on rides like Hades, Voyage, and Montu.
What do you think of Volcano The Blast Coaster? Is Volcano's launch one of your favorites? Leave a comment below. Image courtesy of CoasterImage.


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In this post, I will analyze the CUDA implementation of the N-Body simulation. The implementation that I will be using as a reference for this article is provided with the CUDA GPU Computing SDK 4.0. The source code for this implementation is available in the "C\src\nbody" in the GPU Computing SDK 4.0 base folder.
I assume the reader has a good understanding of the CUDA programming API.


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A beautiful stem of phalanopsis orchid submerged in a deluxe cylinder vase x
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31 years later: Remembering the Challenger space shuttle explosion
The fire claimed the lives of 7 crewmembers
The fire claimed the lives of 7 crewmembers
Saturday marks the 31st anniversary on the Challenger space shuttle explosion, a disaster that killed five NASA astronauts and two Payload Specialists 73 seconds after launch.
An O-ring failure blamed on cold weather doomed the shuttle before it even left the launch pad.
Just a few seconds into the mission, a flame was seen breaking through the solid rocket booster that would ultimately lead to the catastrophic explosion that claimed the lives of astronauts Dick Scobee, Michael Smith, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, Judith Resnick and teacher Christa McAuliffe. Their names were added to the Space Memorial Mirror at the NASA Kennedy Space Center.
The incident resulted in a 32-month suspension of NASA's shuttle program and the creation of the Rogers Commission, a group created by Ronald Reagan to examine what went wrong.
Seventeen percent of Americans watched the tragedy unfold on live television. Many were watching because of crewmember McAuliffe, who would have been the first teacher in space.
Dr. Story Musgrave, a retired NASA astronaut that flew on six shuttle missions, believes the crew was still alive after the blast.
"It's a bang, and then it's a two-minute ride down, and you're conscious. We know that," Musgrave said.
Musgrave said the crew survived in the iconic white cloud seen after the explosion. It was Challenger's fuel tank that exploded. The shuttle itself just broke apart.
"Hundreds of fragments were noted exiting the (external tank) clouds. Those identified included the shuttle main engines, the left wing, crew cabin and both (solid rocket boosters)," a NASA commentator said.
The crew compartment, with it's seven living occupants, was intact.
"The initial path of the crew cabin from the vapor cloud carried it across the path of an adjacent contrail, clearly revealing it's truncated form and attitude. The left wing became visible at 78.531 seconds. The main engines and crew cabin are also identifiable," the commentator said.
It took two minutes and 45 seconds for the crew cabin to hit the water. The impact speed was 207 mph. A statement from the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident indicated the crew probably survived.
"The forces to which the crew were exposed during orbiter breakup were probably not sufficient to cause death or serious injury," the statement indicated. "NASA is unable to determine positively the cause of death of the Challenger astronauts but has established that it is possible, but not certain, that loss of consciousness did occur in the seconds following the orbiter break-up."
Musgrave, who is a medical doctor and surgeon, is quite certain.


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Cameron University alumni, friends and supporters will go on a "Cameron Safari" for Homecoming 2013 from February 15-16 for a variety of events that will give classmates the opportunity to revisit their Cameron experiences. Activities on tap include a bonfire and pep rally, basketball games, a pre-game tailgate party featuring a chuckwagon cook-off, the fourth annual Aggie Fun Run/Walk, presentation of the annual Cameron University Alumni Association Awards, and the gala Athletics Hall of Fame banquet.
On Friday, February 15, Cameron athletic boosters will join current and former star athletes and supporters for the Sixth Annual CU Athletics Hall of Fame Reception and Banquet, beginning at 5:30 p.m. in the McCasland Ballroom of the McMahon Centennial Complex. This year's honorees are Mark Cotney, Lester "Bear" Jensen, Andre King, Cliff Pierce and Kimberle Woods. Dinner tickets are $30 and must be purchased in advance from the Office of Alumni Relations, 581-2988.
Following the Hall of Fame induction, the excitement moves outdoors as CU students present and past join faculty, staff and fans for a bonfire and pep rally at 8:30 p.m. The action takes place south of Cameron Village.
On Saturday, February 16, get your day off to a running start by participating in the Aggie Fun Run/Walk, an energizing run/walk around the Aggie Mile. Check in at the Cameron University Fitness Center, then walk or run at your own pace for either one mile or keep going until you've logged 5K. Participants will receive a free t-shirt, and refreshments will be served. The action kicks off at 8 a.m. Register online at http://www.cameron.edu/homecoming/aggie-fun-run.
The classes of 1963, 1988, 1998, 2003 and 2008 will be highlighted during the Aggie Family Coffees at 10 a.m. Stop by the Buddy Green Room in the McMahon Centennial Complex to take a stroll down memory lane with your fellow Aggie alumni.
Also at 10 a.m., the 1987 National Champion football team will hold a reunion brunch in the Shepler Ballroom. Tickets for this event are $15 per person. All former players and Aggie athletic supporters are invited to attend this very special event.
The Comanche Battalion, Cameron's Army ROTC unit, will also hold a reunion for former cadets at 10 a.m. The gathering will include a current overview of the ROTC program and will be held in Burch Hall.
At 11 a.m., the Aggie Family and Friends Awards Lunch takes place in the McCasland Ballroom of the McMahon Centennial Complex. The Class of 1963 will receive their Golden Associate Medallions, and the Cameron University Alumni Association will honor inductees into the Faculty Hall of Fame and recipients of the Distinguished Alumni Award and the Outstanding Young Alumni Award. Tickets are $15, and advance reservations are required. Call the Office of Alumni Relations at 581-2988 to register.
Aggie spirit gets into full swing at the annual tailgate party beginning at Noon with a chuck wagon cook-off near the Aggie Gym. This year, three teams will vie for bragging rights, so come sample the tasty offerings. Enjoy a free meal while it lasts.
At 2 p.m., the Aggies women's basketball team tips off against Abilene Christian, followed by the men's team taking the court at 4 p.m. The 1987 National Champion football team will be introduced during halftime of the women's game, and the new inductees into the Athletics Hall of Fame will be recognized between games. The 2013 Homecoming King and Queen will be crowned during halftime of the men's game.
For more information about Cameron Safari – Homecoming 2013, visit www.cameron.edu/homecoming or contact the CU Office of Alumni Relations at 581-2988.
February 6, 2013


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I'd like to wish all of our readers around the world and India, a safe and happy holiday season. Wishing each one of you a very happy and prosperous Diwali. Hope the light of this festive period shines in all of your life 🙂
I'm quite busy with decorating homes with lights, fireworks, distributing sweets and gifts. I'll be out of the office spending time with friends and family until Monday, Nov- 13th, you can expect slightly longer comment approval and posting from me.


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Power rankings. You hate them. They're so arbitrary and pointless, especially when they include all 32 NFL teams. All you want to know after a good week of NFL action is who the bestest team in the NFL right now, and which one is the absolute worst. The one so awful, it probably will be playing against New Orleans in a playoff game this weekend. That's why we have TOP AND BOTTOM OF THE NFL, where we go to great lengths to tell you who's the top dog in football right now, this very minute. LET'S GO!
THE TOP: New England Patriots Bill Belichick compiled his fourth fourteen-plus win season last Sunday, making him the only NFL head coach to ever do so. Pretty much the only thing stopping Belichick from officially being the best coach in League history is that fourth Super Bowl title, and this year will be far from his last chance to wrap that up.
They had an ad for an NFL Network special this week that featured Belichick being mic'ed during practices and games. I thought this was a minor miracle. I never thought Belichick ever allowed anyone to mic him. I just assumed he was the one who always demanded listening in on others.
THE BOTTOM: Seattle Seahawks The Carolina Panthers have the worst record in football and they'll be picking first overall in April at the Draft, but Football Outsiders still has them ranked ahead of the Seahawks, who they rate as the worst team in ALL of football, not just the playoffs.
They're so bad, the New York Times even has them ranked second on the worst playoff teams of all time. And that's factoring in sports such as basketball and hockey, where teams regularly make the playoffs despite losing records. But don't think of the Seahawks as a blight on this playoff landscape. Think of them as fun little historic novelty. It's fun to talk about how much they stink. I know I like prattling on about it, and I love seeing statistical analysis that really plumbs the depth of their awfulness.
Much more fun than your garden variety 8-8 or 9-7 playoff entrant. The Seahawks are like that 16-seed at the NCAAs that won the Horizon League tourney for no good reason. Enjoy their unwelcome presence for a weekend, and then we can get to the serious business of real football.


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Closing of the Three Whales Era
What do Moscow journalists and art-critics write about when it comes to closing of three of the most popular modern art galleries in the capital city? Our correspondent Anna Arutionova from Moscow tried to sum up different positions and opinions.
Anna Arutiunova
Galleries of Marat Guelman (M&J Guelman), Aidan Salakhova (Aidan) and Elena Selina (XL) for 20 years were acting as three whales, carrying probably not the most intense but rapidly developing modern art-market of Moscow on their backs. These three very different galleries with different tasks, aims and means, were sort of a barometer of modern art commercial success in Russia. They were well renowned in the West, participated in international art-fairs, and none of their steps in the inner space of Russian art-scene never went unnoticed.
There is no secret that Russian modern art-market is not all roses, but this sudden turn still came as surprise. All three galleries simultaneously announced that their formal concept is no longer acceptable. The panic reaction of the society is understood: if three Founding Fathers proclaim their closing, the entire local art-market may seem to come to an end. Although this synchronized step definitely bespeaks problems, so far consequences of it are impossible to predict. Each of the ex-gallery owners pursues his own aims, and each will face his own effect of reconception.
Gallery owner and Kulturtrager Marat Guelman. Photo: www.glammilk.ru
Olga Kabanova of Vedomosti («Ведомости») newspaper writes that closing of these three galleries in fact can't be considered as news, because all three gallery owners recently have been multitasking in the art field. Aidan Salakhova, for instance, is quite successful artist; Marat Guelman shows interest towards regional art-centers, and Elena Selina has been speaking about the professional burnout phenomena for quite a while. (More details about further plans of Guelman, Selina and Salakhova are available in the article of Diana Machiulina for polit.ru)
In her explicate announce published at Artguide.ru, Selina points out specific features of gallery business in Russia: when in 1990s everything had just taken off, with museums and funds missing, gallery was seen as an independent exhibition space, providing chance for some artistic experiments. This kind of game, highly intellectual as well as risky in the commercial perspective, can only be afforded by very successful galleries, who don't have to conquer new purchasers and even less have to assert themselves. Conclusions made by Elena Selina are not encouraging: for past 20 years Russian art-market as it presents itself has not naturalized in the West, thus, concept of classic commercial gallery with no external financial support, has become outdated. By the way, Elena Selina is only one of three gallery owners who doesn't plan to close her gallery: sales will go on, however there will be a new project XL Projects, and its task will be promotion of Russian art by all means.
Artist and gallery owner Aidan Salakhova. Photo: www.aidans.ru
Soon after that, same homepage Artguide.ru has published the article of Ilya Wolf, chief financial executive of Aidan Gallery, where he has revealed in details, how much it costs to maintain a gallery. He performed a calculation of the typical art gallery expenses (which can be used by those who haven't yet lost interest towards this business) and also describes why the environment around a gallery basically defines its success. In fact, a gallery is affected by almost everything: artists, art-critics, State, collectors, media etc.
Kulturtragers is the name Elena Bakanova uses to describe Russian art gallery owners in the online interview for Art Chronika («Арт-Хроника») magazine. Allegedly, recent changes owe to underdevelopment of the market and lack of positive dynamics in the gallery sales after financial crisis of 2008. She blames it on common changes in the country and points out that the stable period is over, and disappointment in current situation leads to apathy and total loss of interest. However, Bakanova is not going to close her own gallery Paperworks at Winzavod (Винзавод), apparently, in hope of further development of modern art system.
Reasons of galleries closing are analyzed in Kommersant («Коммерсант») newspaper by Valentin Diakonov. Some of these reasons are: very small amount of collectors and none of them willing to invest in local artists; financial clusters in the hands of the officials, hiding their true incomes; lack of support from the State for art-workers; communication failure between artists and gallery owners; lack of media interest in gallery exhibitions and, last but not least, funds that support artists beyond the frames of typical market models. According to Diakonov, there are also other problems, and they lie mostly in the heads of people trying to make money on cultural initiatives and mixing up concepts of private initiative and group action.
Maria Semendiaeva in blogs of Art Chronika shows her surprise by these sudden simultaneous complaints about hardship of maintaining a gallery. From the press conference, where closing of the three galleries has been announced, she comes to the conclusion that the main problem of art-market is lack of collectors. She quotes Marat Guelman, who has said that potential collectors are the new class of entrepreneurs/officials who avoid displaying their incomes. This sad verdict was out of tune with fun accompanying closing of showrooms at Winzavod (Винзавод) (report of the closing party is available at the homepage of Interview Russia).
The discussion took more serious note around the round table at the Central House of Artist. Valery Ledenev writes about it in blog of Art Chronika magazine: ex-gallery owners have been reluctant answering questions about new sources of financial support. However, as the conversation progressed, they made following suggestions: since State is concerned about creating "new positive image of Russia abroad", it could give provide some support. Ledenev points out that the events of few past months have lined up in a frustrating consequence: pursuit of Pussy Riot, departure of Sofia Trotsenko for Mayor's Office, Vsevolod Chaplin's initiative of creating an art-centre (featuring Marat Guelman), and now also reconception of the galleries, who will probably seek for financial help from the State.
Elena Selina, XL Gallery and XL Projects
Maria Kravcova and Ekaterina Allenova have talked with Elena Selina about possibility to turn a blind eye to the fact that today the State is the one to pursuit artists and modern art. According to Selina, there are some things that the State could do to improve art situation in the country. Right now, she sees her own task in beginning the dialogue with the State about needs of modern art. Selina has as well explained, why it is not enough with different art-institutions and new initiatives (for instance, Shalva Breus's plans to open a new museum of modern art) to take modern art system to fully operating.
Nevertheless, what happened could be considered crisis of the system. And, as usually, crisis is an opportunity to look more closely at the art-market and the relationships in it. Three whales have sailed away, each in its own direction. However, the system has not broken down, and there definitely will be some reinstallations, new leaders and new starting points in it.


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Girls! Some people loved it, some people hated it, many people are sick of talking about it. Whichever camp you fall into, I think we can all agree that SQIRLS, a Girls parody featuring, what else, squirrels, truly speaks for our generation, no matter what generation we happen to belong to.
Watch This GIRLS Parody Featuring Squirrels [The Gothamist]
[Amelia Hancock]


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CCC Weekly G/60
Round 3
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 exd4 4.Bc4 Nf6 (diagram 1)
This is a line of the Scotch I have never played before. I always used to just play 4.Nxd4 and hope things went my way from there but I've been studying some games from the 19th century and saw so many possibilities with this variation. I'm not normally a gambit player but I figured since my opponent was much stronger than me he would beat me either way. So I put theory aside for a moment and gave myself a scare with this gambit.
5.Nxd4 Nxe4 6.Qe2 Nxd4 7.Qxe4+ Ne6 8.O-O Bd6 9.Nc3 O-O 10.Bd3! (diagram 2)
This move was brilliant in my eyes for the fact that I knew that it would cause Black to push one of his kingside pawns, thus committing to long term weaknesses of the dark squares.
10...g6 11.Bh6!
Gaining tempo while developing the dark squared Bishop. Black has real problems on his Kingside due to a majorly cramped position and lack of development.
11...Re8 12.Rfe1!
This move serves many purposes: 1) Develops a Rook to an open file in the center of the board. 2) Pins the black Knight (12... Nc5 13. Qxe8!! Qxe8 14. Rxe8 with mate).
12...c6? 13.h4 Bf8 14.Bxf8 Kxf8 15.h5!
Breaking open the kingside even more. My strategy was to bring my rook to the open h-file and threaten mate on h8 with the queen.
15...Ng5 16.Qb4+ Kg8 17.hxg6 hxg6 18.Ne4 Nxe4 19.Bxe4 d5 20.Rad1! (diagram 3)
Pins galore! White finishes his development with yet another pseudo-tempo move. To those who don't know why this is a good move, it's pretty obvious that Black can't take the Bishop with the pawn, for he will lose his Queen.
20...Bf5 21.Bxf5 Rxe1+ 22.Rxe1 gxf5 23.g3!
This is another move which went with my strategy. It keeps the Queen out of h3 (minor threat), gives my King a space on g2, and last but definitely not least is the move allows me to bring my Rook to the open h-file. This is the first step on my to-do list.
23...b5 24.Kg2 a5 25.Qd4!
Second step on my to-do list. Though black has an impressive pawn chain and center, white is keeping an eye on h8 and h1 for his two remaining major pieces. Black decides to disregard White's plans on the Kingside.
25...Qd7? 26.Rh1! f6
Suddenly Black see's White's plan and does what he can to stop it. The game was over at this point; defense would have been extremely difficult.
27.Qxf6 Qg7! 28.Qe6+! Qf7 29.Rh8+!! (diagram 4)
Delivering the decisive blow and crowning white's strategy from the start. Black resigned because he has to give up his Queen or be mated next move:
1) 29...Kxh8 30.Qxf7
2) 29...Kg7?? 30.Qh6#
It was very interesting for me to have such a victory with not just an opening I've never played before, but also with the fact that I defeated a player who is much stronger than myself. I will take with me a few lessons from this game. One of them being that I remembered how FUN chess was when I wasn't so worried about beating my opponent. I really underestimated myself right out of the opening in this game, yet I managed to not only beat him in the opening, but also the middlegame and endgame.
So to answer my own question: I'm going to give 1.e4 a try. If it turns out that it hurts my game, rather than improve it, well it's a lesson well learned. We all have to make mistakes to improve, and we can't make mistakes without taking risks. My next tournament isn't until the very end of March and I look forward to it more than anything right now.
Once again, thanks for all the suggestions from the last post. I'll continue to play 1.d4 when I'm not feeling confident against certain opponents.


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CU Buffs position breakdown: Running backs building depth with Tony Jones
BOULDER — With sophomore Tony Jones, tailback is one of the positions on the Colorado football team that has a set starter. After that, there are a gaggle of contenders to supply depth.
Buffs coach Jon Embree mentioned veterans D.D. Goodson (5-foot-7 sophomore), Josh Ford (5-9, 205 junior) and Malcolm Creer (5-11, 205 sophomore) and three true freshmen: Donta (pronounced Don-tay) Abron (5-10, 190), Terrence Crowder (5-11, 210) and Davien Payne (5-11, 220).
Creer is still working his way back after undergoing knee surgery to repair an ACL tear last fall.


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Logitech Stereo Headset H150
The H150 is a simple stereo headset with features like a noise-canceling microphone, an adjustable headband and in-line audio controls. Its microphone can be worn on the left or right side and its boom can be rotated out of the way when not in use.
Tags: logitech, stereo headset
Product Specification
|Input Plug
|3.5mm input and output jacks
|Other features
|2-year limited hardware warranty / Adjustable headband / In-line audio controls


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Greek finance minister: Recovery in sight
ATHENS, Greece (AP) — Greece's recession-wracked economy should start recovering next year and its sky-high unemployment rate should edge lower from the end of 2014, the finance minister said in an interview broadcast Thursday.
Speaking on state-run NET television, Yannis Stournaras said Greece could be in a position to return to the international bond markets at the end of 2014.
Greece has been relying on billions of euros in international rescue loans since May 2010 after excessive debt and a huge budget deficit left it facing imminent bankruptcy. It was unable to raise money on international bond markets due to the massively high interest rates demanded for its bonds — a reflection of the high risk of default that investors see in Greece.
Stournaras expressed the hope that the country will be able to return to markets at the end of next year and pay an interest rate of below 6 percent for its 10-year bonds, as both Ireland and Portugal, another two bailed-out countries, have done recently. Currently, the yield on Greece's 10-year bonds is just below 10 percent — far lower than the 30 percent it reached last June, but still too high for a return to markets now.
"I see recovery from 2014 onwards," Stournaras said. "The climate has already turned. At the moment the international community sees that Greece is being saved, that it remains in the euro."
At its height last year, the financial crisis led to fears Greece would be forced out of the euro, the common currency used by 17 European Union countries. That in turn could cause mayhem in financial markets and exacerbate the eurozone debt crisis.
In return for its international bailout, Greece has imposed several rounds of stringent austerity measures, including sweeping spending cuts and a series of tax hikes, in an effort to reform its economy. While the measures have reduced Greece's budget deficit, they have left the country mired in a deep recession, currently in its sixth year, and sent unemployment soaring.
The minister said unemployment would take longer to start falling but that improvements should be visible by the end of next year.
"The reduction of unemployment doesn't immediately follow recovery," he said.
The Statistical Authority on Thursday showed unemployment in February stood at 27 percent of the workforce in seasonally adjusted terms. That's up from 21.9 percent in the same month last year and slightly higher than 26.7 percent in January 2013.
The unemployment rate for people aged 15-24 stood at the staggering figure of 64.2 percent, the highest in the European Union.
Seasonally adjusted figures are calculated to minimize the statistical impact of temporary factors, such as increased hiring during the summer tourist season in Greece, for example.
The finance minister appeared cautiously optimistic over Greece's economic recovery, saying the government's aim was to achieve a primary budget surplus — a surplus without taking into account interest payments on outstanding debt — by the end of this year. Stournaras said this would allow the country to ask its international creditors for some further debt relief.
"If we achieve a substantial positive surplus, then ... we can seek a further reduction in debt," he said. "That's what I see as the main goal today .... We owe it to the future generations."
The official target is for a balance by the end of this year.
Last year, Greece saw its privately held debt cut by more than half in a bond swap. Athens has said that according to an agreement made with its creditors late last year, it could seek a reduction of the debt held by the official sector, such as governments and central banks, once it has achieved a primary surplus.
Stournaras also reiterated a promise to austerity-weary Greeks that, if all goes to plan, they would not have to endure any new cuts.
"As long as we keep to the measures we have promised, there is no need for new measures," Stournaras said. "There will be a need if for some reason we don't take one or more of the measures we have promised to take."
Copyright 2013 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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Sports academy as a tactics for diversity
Under this project, SKF selects girls from various schools, from the age group of 9 to 10 years. Then they are professionally trained by coaches thrice a week for five years in the SKF Sports Education Program.
Nusrat Shaikh, mid fielder as a part of girls team, SKF Sports Education Program says "it has been possible for me to play football girls team due to SKF, I can see my dream of becoming a football player and representing India coming true thanks to the brilliant coaching and mentorship provided by SKF Sports Education Program".
A Sports Education Program has an intensive weekly regime consisting of stamina building program that includes regular medical checkups, diet & nutrition workshops, periodic counseling sessions with parents, summer and winter football camps.
For the holistic development of the girls project English classes, birthday celebration, soft skills sessions and personality development workshop are conducted by SKF's volunteers along with professional trainees.
The SKF Sports Education Program offers a holistic learning experience for the children values such as teamwork and equality, which in turn contribute to their overall growth and development.
SKF India's Community Care programme is committed to its vision of making meaning full difference for the surrounding community.
India: SKF India Sports Academy
Promotes physical and mental growth among children through sports activities
India: Lila Foundation
SKF support Lila foundation with scholarships to get more women into the field of field of science and engineering
India: Youth EMpowerment at SKF
Mechanical entrepreneurship programme
India: Techvision with Samarthanam trust
Collaboration with non-profit organisation to focus on abilities - not disabilities.


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Vandervelde scored three goals to pace the Crimson against Albany (Gil Talbot).
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – Murphy Vandervelde recorded his first career hat trick as the Harvard men's lacrosse team fell to Albany Tuesday night at Harvard Stadium, 16-7.
Vandervelde's three scores led the way for Harvard (4-4, 1-1 Ivy League) as Alex White added a pair of goals. Peter Schwartz tallied one goal and a career-high three assists to finish with four points on the night.
Rick Molé won 12-of-21 face offs and collected five ground balls to help the Crimson hold a 14-of-27 edge at the X. Jason Gonos matched his career-high with three caused turnovers to go with two ground balls as Brian Fischer added a pair of caused turnovers and ground balls. Harry Krieger took the loss in goal with 11 saves in 52:49.
Albany (5-3, 0-0 America East) held a 42-33 advantage in shots and won the ground ball war by a 31-22 margin. The Great Danes were 15-of-16 on clear attempts and converted on 3-of-6 man-up opportunities while the Crimson went 17-of-19 on clears and 3-of-5 on the man advantage. Albany was paced by Lyle Thompson's eight-point (4g, 4a) performance and Miles Thompson's five-point (3g, 2a) effort.
The Crimson and Great Danes went back-and-forth in the first quarter with consecutive strikes from Vandervelde and White giving Harvard an initial 2-1 lead. M. Thompson scored two goals to put Albany back up, 3-2, and then found his L. Thompson for a 4-2 advantage.
Albany scored the first three goals of the second quarter to go on top by five, 7-2. Vandervelde put home his second tally off a feed from Schwartz to end the drought but the Great Danes added one more score to take an 8-3 lead at the half.
Albany continued its run in the third quarter with a pair of goals to open the frame. White and Schwartz put Harvard back on the board with two quick goals to make it a 10-5 game, before the Great Danes closed the frame with back-to-back scores.
Harvard was outscored 4-2 in the fourth with goals by Vandervelde and Brendan Newman, giving Albany the final 16-7 margin.
Harvard will now host No. 12/10 Duke at Harvard Stadium Saturday, March 30 at 7 p.m. live on NBC Sports Network.


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Premium Seating and Suites at the United Center
Whether entertaining business clients, closing a major deal or socializing with family and friends, United Center premium seating and suite options provide the very best in sports and entertainment.
Please click on the image above to download Rental Suite information.
Rental Suites
The 20-person Club and Penthouse Suites, as well as the 40 and 80-person Super Suites, include tickets to the event, parking passes, the choice of two food and beverage packages with a four-hour open bar, private catering attendants, bartenders and much more.
The 40 and 80-person Super Suites also include a separate 500-1000 sq. ft. private lounge, which can be used for pre-event meetings and presentations. Have a meeting, then enjoy the event!
For more information or to reserve your Day-of-Event Club, Penthouse or Super Suite today, call 312.455.4000 and ask for a Ticket Representative. All games and events are subject to availability.
>> United Center Rental Suites: Bulls & Blackhawks season
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The BMO Club offers fans a luxurious executive suite experience at a fraction of the cost. Located in the west end of the United Center's Club Suite Level, membership to the BMO Club includes:
- 45 Bulls and 45 Blackhawks preseason and regular season games (number of games may change from year to year)
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Membership can be purchased for three or five-year terms. For more information, please call 312.455.4000 and ask for a Ticket Representative.
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You'll receive four luxurious seats to all regular and preseason Bulls and Blackhawks games, just 28 rows from the floor. Plus you'll have the option to purchase Theater Box seats for major concerts and special events at the United Center.
In the lounge, you'll find a delicious buffet, expertly prepared by the culinary team, that offers a wide selection to suit every taste. With two large bars and in-seat wait service, a fresh drink is always available. All food and beverages are included with your Theater Box at no additional charge. Two parking passes are also provided.
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In the center of it all sits the United Center, home of the Chicago Bulls, Blackhawks and a wide array of the most popular musical acts, family shows and college basketball events in the country. When combined with a commitment to delicious cuisine, the finest quality, the highest comfort and superior service, the United Center is one of the top sports and entertainment venues in the world.
For information about leasing an Executive Suite at the United Center, please call 312.455.4000 and ask for a Ticket Representative.


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WESTMINSTER — Gay rights activists are demanding the organizers of a Vietnamese new year's parade in Orange County allow them to march.
Since being excluded from the parade in 2013, Hieu Nguyen formed the group Viet Rainbow for gays and lesbians in the Vietnamese community and to challenge organizers to let them participate in the event that winds through the heart of Southern California's Little Saigon.
Published reports Monday claim other gay rights groups are now also pressuring parade organizers, but some leaders in Little Saigon say the community is not ready to welcome LGBT men and women.
The Westminster City Council will consider Wednesday whether to grant a permit to the Vietnamese American Federation of Southern California for the event expected to draw thousands.


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|November 15, 2012, 03:08 AM
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Is taxing a right lawful?
Is it legal to tax a right, such as the right to keep and bear arms? Certainly we have seen steep rises in the taxes on our weapons and ammunition, but just because we allow the government to do it, is it legal? Certainly if you elevate taxes, then it will limit, at some point, the peoples ability to exercise that right.
|November 15, 2012, 05:49 AM
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raising the taxes on firearms and ammo would infringe on the second amendments rights of people with limited income. But infringement upon the second amendment has already happened in the form of AWB's, state bans on magazine capacity, collapsible stocks and flash suppressor's in New York State etc..
|November 15, 2012, 07:25 AM
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Taxes unto themselves are not an infringement on your 2nd Amendment rights no more than taxing my phone bill is an infringement on free speech.
However, they certainly could be raised to the point of excluding most people from purchase of guns and or ammo which is a back door method of prohibiting your rights by making them very exclusive.
"He who laughs last, laughs dead." Homer Simpson
|November 15, 2012, 09:28 AM
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IMO, unless the tax became obviously prohibitive any challenge wouldn't go very far.
"The best diplomat I know is a fully charged phaser bank" - Montgomery Scott
|November 15, 2012, 09:30 AM
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That is a tough area to discuss. But, a good question.
Look at Class III firearms they are heavily taxed to the point of excluding many (most?) Americans from buying them.
|November 15, 2012, 09:39 AM
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I don't think a $200 tax is so high that it prevents many people from buying covered items. I do think it alters the value for money proposition of those items so that many fewer people may want to buy them.
I don't mean that in a pedantic way. I haven't purchased any ammunition since prices shot up. It isn't that I can't; it's that I think it is a poor value.
I have to pay sales, excise and environmental taxes when I buy tires, but I would have a tough time arguing for overturning those taxes on the basis that they infringe my right to travel.
Recall that one of the proposed facet of HilaryCare was to be a steep tax on cigarettes, but she and her commission concluded that too steep a tax would reduce revenue by discouraging smoking.
So, we know that taxing an activity may discourage it. Can the state discourage an activity, yet not infringe upon the freedom to engage in it?
The original $200 stamp seems an arguable infringement, but inflation has ameliorated a lot of that limitation.
|November 15, 2012, 09:45 AM
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"The best diplomat I know is a fully charged phaser bank" - Montgomery Scott
|November 15, 2012, 10:01 AM
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Even though the left would say that we don't have a RKBA, they have traditionally been adamantly opposed to ANY restriction on what they do believe is a "right". Classic example are voter ID laws and restriction on any time, place or manner of abortion.
Even when ID can be had for free, they call it "voter suppression". Even with types and timing of abortion so heinous that even only a handful (literally, like 5) abortion clinics will perform them and single digit percentages of Americans think they should be legal, the activists refuse to bend.
This is not to start an abortion debate, only to point out that even the left refuses to accept limitations, restrictions and any action that might "suppress" a right.
(Hey, maybe that's why they don't like silencers! It suppresses a right! Ha!)
So, in short, no, it's not OK to tax a right. If a $5 fee is too much for ID to vote, a $5 fee is too much too charge for guns, ammo, whatever else.
Nobody plans to screw up their lives...
...they just don't plan not to.
-Andy Stanley
Last edited by Brian Pfleuger; November 15, 2012 at 10:38 AM.
|November 15, 2012, 10:03 AM
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Actually, the Minneapolis Star Tribune case implies that it is not lawful.
Sometimes it's nice not to destroy the world for a change.
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|November 15, 2012, 10:04 AM
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'Recall that one of the proposed facet of HilaryCare was to be a steep tax on cigarettes, but she and her commission concluded that too steep a tax would reduce revenue by discouraging smoking.'
New York City found that out when they passed the highest cigarette taxes in the nation a few years ago. They claimed all along that the new tax wasn't to make money off smokers, but was to be of social benefit by funding programs, etc.
Only, many smokers simply went elsewhere to purchase their cigarettes, and the income from the new tax was about 1/3rd of what was originally estimated. That's when New York officials started whining about the low revenues, and it became abundantly clear that they didn't care about "social benefit," they cared only about the money. Yes, I know, I should not have been shocked.
"The gift which I am sending you is called a dog, and is in fact the most precious and valuable possession of mankind" -Theodorus Gaza
Baby Jesus cries when the fat redneck doesn't have military-grade firepower.
|November 15, 2012, 10:12 AM
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"Actually, the Minneapolis Star Tribune case implies that it is not lawful."
Note the reason why the court found the tax to be unconstitutional.
Had the tax applied to all print industries, or even to all newspapers, not just a select group of newspapers inside the newspaper industry, it's very likely that it would have been found to be legal.
As it was, the newsprint and ink tax created a special taxing category inside of an industry group.
On point hypothetical examples...
New tax on all firearms transactions of $5.
Constitutional or Unconstitutional?
Likely Constitutional becuase everyone pays it.
New tax on all firearms transactions -- $0 for white men, $2.50 for white women, $5 for hispanics, and $50 for African Americans.
Constitutional or Unconstitutional?
Very likely unconstitutional as hell on a number of levels, but the concept would be the same as it was for the Minneapolis Star Tribune case -- you can't create special taxation classes within a core group without some seriously good reasons.
A close corollary is the "Is it legal for a municipality to require an assembly permit and fee for demonstrations" question/argument.
That one has gone to court a number of times over the years and pretty uniformly the permits and fees have been found to be Constitutional because they are not structured in a way that they infringe on a group's rights.
"The gift which I am sending you is called a dog, and is in fact the most precious and valuable possession of mankind" -Theodorus Gaza
Baby Jesus cries when the fat redneck doesn't have military-grade firepower.
|November 15, 2012, 01:45 PM
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You cannot compare this to, as one person said, buying tires, for there is no specific right guaranteed in the Constitution that grants you the right to buy tires. On the other hand, ownership of firearms is specified in the 2nd Amendment and has been upheld in the Supreme Court. I would argue that it is indeed unlawful to tax any right, for it will indeed limit the access of some people to that right. There are many examples of how government has limited us. We have the right to peaceably assemble guaranteed by the Constitution, but now you have to obtain a permit and pay a fee to exercise your right to free assembly. Is that constitutional? I would argue not, but we the people have allowed it.
|November 15, 2012, 03:35 PM
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The point of the tire analogy is that many aspects of life can elliptically involve a right under the COTUS. One has a right to marry, yet a fee can be charged for the license. Free speech covers a right to publish and sell, but the state can collect sales tax on books. I have a constitutionally protected right to travel, and I might argue that it is infringed by a 10,000% tire tax or a $100 per gallon gas tax, but ordinary revenue raising wouldn't infringe those rights.
In some cases, a court will examine whether the tax is punitive or whether it really pays the costs of administration and regulation. The problem with bringing those suits is that the state can always give you every last penny's worth of regulatory scrutiny you've paid for.
That isn't necessarily a better deal. I think we would all throw a party if all arms taxes, including but not limited to the NFA stamp, were prohibited. I don't see that happening.
|November 15, 2012, 05:01 PM
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Granted, in the world we live in this is true, but we are talking about power usurped and therefore not of its true constitutional form. In the Declaration of Independence natural law is defined as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. In the Bill of Rights it is codified. These natural laws are granted by God, and in the truest sense cannot be taken away by any government. Yet, if I refuse to pay the taxes associated with these"rights", then I cannot avail myself of them. Therefore, the government, be it local, state or federal has usurped power that was not enumerated to it by the Constitution. The right to Keep and Bear Arms is associated deeply with the natural rights of life and liberty. Until recently it was always assumed that any person has the right to defend themselves against an adversary trying to do them harm. Now a person can be deprived of his way of life simply for defending his God given right to life. As to liberty; we would all like to think the pen is mightier than the sword, but historically nothing is further from the truth. All the words in the world mean nothing without the true power to back them up. The greatest force for change in all of human history has been violence and the ability to wage war. Without the ability to do violence to protect liberty, liberty will ultimately fail. It is not my desire to instigate or cause any harsh feelings here, and if I do I apologize. I only wish to offer food for thought.
|November 18, 2012, 02:57 PM
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Remember, they can now tax you for NOT engaging in commerce.
Did you eat your broccoli today?
"How a politician stands on the Second Amendment tells you how he or she views you as an individual... as a trustworthy and productive citizen, or as part of an unruly crowd that needs to be lorded over, controlled, supervised, and taken care of."
Texas State Rep. Suzanna Gratia-Hupp
|November 18, 2012, 03:30 PM
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Some people refer to the U.S. as "post 9/11" but a more accurate assessment would be "post constitution" it's debatable exactly when we crossed that threshold, but one would have a very difficult time arguing that our government still adheres to it's foundational document.
Therefore, the question is not whether something is illegal or legal, as those have been demonstrated to be arbitrary terms. If it serves the agenda of the bureaucracy, it will be deemed legal, as they are the ones that make that determination. The partisan system of politics dissolves the separation of powers between the branches of govt. If members of all three branches belong to the same party that is funded by "corporate persons", a uniform agenda can be pushed through regardless of the protections built into the system, as they have been effectively circumvented.
The points about tire taxes not infringing the right to travel, or newspaper taxes not infringing the right to free speech are not valid IMO. The 2nd amendment is the only one that guarantees the right to possess a physical object. Thus, to accurately compare a tax on "arms" to other rights, we mist be just as direct. Would a tax on speaking in public be unconstitutional? Would a tax on attending church be unconstitutional? Would a tax on moving across state lines be unconstitutional? If the second amendment were held to the same standards as the other enumerated rights, the NFA, GCA, AWB, and any other law that infringes our RTKBA would be deemed unconstitutional. Unfortunately, we crossed that bridge before any of us were born. As one of the leaders of this nation put it, the constitution is "just a goddamn piece of paper". We shouldn't be fooled into believing that it actually affords us any protections when it has been blatantly circumvented.
|November 18, 2012, 04:23 PM
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A $200 tax on any kind of firearm still sounds like a lot to me and, anyway, the price itself of most firearms is prohibitive to a lot of people, believe it or not. But in the case of your right to "Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness," the writers of those documents hardly believed it applied to everyone in the first place. So a poll tax is not an issue if you don't otherwise qualify to vote.
Our forefathers had a highly developed sense of how to make things work so that whatever they may have written made no difference one way or the other. It's not exactly a lost art, either. There's a lot of talk about illegal immigrants nowadays. Go see if you can figure out when Indians could call themselves Americans.
Shoot low, sheriff. They're riding Shetlands!
Underneath the starry flag, civilize 'em with a Krag,
and return us to our own beloved homes!
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|November 18, 2012, 04:44 PM
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To a point, yes. However, it is easy to see that at some a tax could make the cost prohibitive. That, of course, is the intent.
Only the USSC could declare that it is not constitutional.
But with the justices that President Obama will appoint they might very well declare it to be a constitutional law. So much for the vote this election.
I expect gun rights to take a nose dive in the not too distant future.
Ecclesiastes 12:13 ¶Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep his commandments: for this is the whole duty of man.
14 For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil.
|November 18, 2012, 04:48 PM
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Gun rights have always been selectively applied, tax or no tax. There have in the past been laws (to attempt) to prevent certain groups of people from buying firearms by restricting the availability of the only firearms they could afford, namely inexpensive (or cheap, if you will) guns. We used to call them Saturday Night Specials, among other things. I can't name any such law but there was a belief that such guns were invariably the guns that criminals used. It was believed that criminals did not used quality guns like Colts.
Shoot low, sheriff. They're riding Shetlands!
Underneath the starry flag, civilize 'em with a Krag,
and return us to our own beloved homes!
Buy War Bonds.
|November 19, 2012, 11:48 PM
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A question of faith...
The Constitution is just a "piece of paper" but the concepts and ideas on that paper are real, but only when one has faith in them.
The supreme law of the land is just that. When people in or out of government decide that it does not apply to them and theirs, it is up to us, as a nation, through our lawfull representatives, to teach them the error of their ways, by all legal means. And that does include all options, even force, if necessary.
Remember the oath, including the part about "all enemies, foreign and domestic". Some people never took that seriously. Some people did,and still do.
Currently one hears so much talk about what is Constitutional, or what isn't. Recently the Supreme Court has made decisions which seem to fly in the face of logic about some laws. Trust in our system is at a very low point.
Any tax is an imposition, an infringement, if you will. But, it will be argued that even a tax that makes exercising your right onerous financially, if it does not fully prohibit that exercise, is "Constitutional". In other words, as long as you can exercise your right in some form, they consider it ok.
We have a right to keep and bear arms. But we do not have a right to any and every gun we might want, at an affordable price. The Constitution does not specify guns, it says arms. SO some will argue that taxing guns out of existance is ok, so long as we can have swords and bows. Personally, I disagree with that, but there are people who would make that argument.
The devil in the details for the 2nd Amendment boils down to a definition of "infringed". And our high court has already stated that some restrictions (infringements) are to be permitted the government. That is a done deal, and you won't change that, until or unless a future high court overrules it. Period.
All else being equal (and it almost never is) bigger bullets tend to work better.
|November 20, 2012, 06:40 AM
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If you ask me, the devil in the details is the word "regulated." That seems to be interpreted by some people to mean "unregulated."
The constitution is thought of as the law of the land, only it isn't. Every state has a constituion. They're all a little different. A constitution is merely how the government is organized and even then, it's pretty sketchy, and it probably should be. Otherwise you would have a government you might describe as Byzantine. But in any event, my trust in the system is the same as it's always been, neither higher nor lower. I lived through Nixon, Carter, Reagan, and Bush. The republic will survive.
By the way, who gets to decide who an enemy is?
Shoot low, sheriff. They're riding Shetlands!
Underneath the starry flag, civilize 'em with a Krag,
and return us to our own beloved homes!
Buy War Bonds.
|November 20, 2012, 07:48 AM
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See McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819). "The power to tax is the power to destroy..." in which Chief Justice Marshal refused to allow the state of Maryland to tax the Second Bank of the United States. Federal uber alles was the guiding trump theme then -- as might also be considered as the guiding principle behind prohibiting a tax on a "shall not be infringed" express Right nowadays as well.
But we're now far beyond all such nonsense in actually considering the express Constitutional intent of 2A. Even Heller said the government can 'regulate' that right -- which means it is no Right at all -- merely government sufferance.
post: If you want to see the quintessential train wreck of Frankensteinian Constuitutional logic along this line of federal power to do what it wants at the individual level, see Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942)
|November 20, 2012, 08:53 AM
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We were putting people in concentration camps in 1942, too, weren't we.
Another point of twisted logic is the whole purpose of the 2nd amendment. The obvious statement is that the people, or at least some of them, be armed, but to what end. To some, it seems to be so that we can violently overthrow government (presumably any government), while the conservatives among us believe it is to prevent the overthrow of the government.
That's just another way to look at it.
Shoot low, sheriff. They're riding Shetlands!
Underneath the starry flag, civilize 'em with a Krag,
and return us to our own beloved homes!
Buy War Bonds.
|November 20, 2012, 10:18 AM
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I also get the impression from your statements, that you somehow correlate the rights of the people with some sort of benefit or service or rationale for the government. As in, what would be the interpretation of the 2A that would be a benefit to the government for having it. I could be wrong, but many of your statements sound that way to me.
Well, there is no singular purpose, except freedom, and it's not there for some future, theoretical government purpose or usefulness. It's there for the benefit of the people.
Nobody plans to screw up their lives...
...they just don't plan not to.
-Andy Stanley
|November 20, 2012, 11:06 AM
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And if one reads enough of the Federalist papers trying to convince the State legislatures to sign on to the current Constitution, that very armed People was dramatically touted as the reason that no central gov't could sieze trannical power.**
2A was intended to cut both ways:
- The People's defense of a Just government;
- The People's defense against an unjust one.
** It was very much NOT for "...hunting or sporting purposes." It was for deadly force against humans purposes.)
Last edited by mehavey; November 20, 2012 at 11:19 AM.
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The Salem Witch Trials
Emerson W. Baker
The Salem Witch Trials are one of the best known, most studied, and most important events in early American history. The afflictions started in Salem Village (present-day Danvers), Massachusetts, in January 1692, and by the end of the year the outbreak had spread throughout Essex County, and threatened to bring down the newly formed Massachusetts Bay government of Sir William Phips. It may have even helped trigger a witchcraft crisis in Connecticut that same year. The trials are known for their heavy reliance on spectral evidence, and numerous confessions, which helped the accusations grow. A total of 172 people are known to have been formally charged or informally cried out upon for witchcraft in 1692. Usually poor and marginalized members of society were the victims of witchcraft accusations, but in 1692 many of the leading members of the colony were accused. George Burroughs, a former minister of Salem Village, was one of the nineteen people convicted and executed. In addition to these victims, one man, Giles Cory, was pressed to death, and five died in prison. The last executions took place in September 1692, but it was not until May 1693 that the last trial was held and the last of the accused was freed from prison.
The trials would have lasting repercussions in Massachusetts and signaled the beginning of the end of the Puritan City upon a Hill, an image of American exceptionalism still regularly invoked. The publications ban issued by Governor Phips to prevent criticism of the government would last three years, but ultimately this effort only ensured that the failure of the government to protect innocent lives would never be forgotten. Pardons and reparations for some of the victims and their families were granted by the government in the early 18th century, and the legislature would regularly take up petitions, and discuss further reparations until 1749, more than fifty years after the trials. The last victims were formally pardoned by the governor and legislature of Massachusetts in 2001.
Women and Religion in Colonial North America and the United States
Catherine A. Brekus
Historically, women in colonial North America and the United States have been deeply influenced by their religious traditions. Even though world religions like Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam are based on scriptural traditions that portray women as subordinate to men, women have made up the majority of most religious groups in America. While some Americans have used religious arguments to limit women's legal, political, and economic rights, others have drawn on scripture to defend women's dignity and equality. Women's religious beliefs have shaped every aspect of their lives, including their choices about how to structure their time, their attitudes toward sexuality and the body, and their understanding of suffering. Unlike early American Catholic women, who saw their highest religious calling as the sisterhood, most white colonial women identified their primary religious vocation as ministering to their families. In the 19th century, however, white Protestant women become increasingly involved in reform movements like temperance, abolitionism, and women's suffrage, and African-American, Native American, Asian-American, and Latina women used religious arguments to challenge assumptions about white racial supremacy. In the 20th century, growing numbers of women from many different religious traditions have served as religious leaders, and in some cases they have also demanded ordination. Despite these dramatic changes in religious life, however, many religiously conservative women opposed the Equal Rights Amendment during the 1970s and early 1980s, and in the first decades of the 21st century they have continued to identify feminism and religion as antithetical.
Women in Early American Economy
Jane T. Merritt
From the planter societies and subsistence settlements of the 17th century to the global markets of the late 18th century, white, black, and Indian women participated extensively in the early American economy. As the colonial world gave way to an independent nation and household economies yielded to cross-Atlantic commercial networks, women played an important role as consumers and producers. Was there, however, a growing gendered divide in the American economy by the turn of the 19th century? Were there more restrictions on women's business activities, property ownership, work lives, consumer demands, or productive skills? Possibly, we ask the wrong questions when exploring women's history. By posing questions that compare the past with present conditions, we miss the more nuanced and shifting patterns that made up the variety of women's lives. Whether rural or urban, rich or poor, free or enslaved, women's legal and marital status dictated some basic parameters of how they operated within the early American economy. But despite these boundaries, or perhaps because of them, women created new strategies to meet the economic needs of households, families, and themselves. As entrepreneurs they brought in lodgers or operated small businesses that generated extra income. As producers they finagled the materials necessary to create items for home use and to sell at market. As consumers, women, whether free or enslaved, demanded goods from merchants and negotiated prices that fit their budgets. As laborers, these same women translated myriad skills into wages or exchanged labor for goods. In all these capacities, women calculated, accumulated, and survived in the early American economy.
Women, Race, and the Law in Early America
Terri L. Snyder
Everywhere across European and Indigenous settlements in 17th- and 18th-century North America and the Caribbean, the law or legal practices shaped women's status and conditioned their dependency, regardless of race, age, marital status, or place of birth. Historians have focused much of their attention on the legal status, powers, and experiences of women of European origin across the colonies and given great consideration to the law of domestic relations, the legal disabilities of coverture, and women's experiences as plaintiffs and defendants, both civil and criminal, in colonial courts. Early American legalities, however, differed markedly for women of color—whether free, indentured, or enslaved, and whether Native or African in origin or descent—whose relationships to the legal regimes of early America were manifold and complex. In their status under the law, experiences at the bar, and, as a result, positions in household polities, women of color reckoned with a set of legalities that differed from those of their European counterparts. The diversity of women's experiences of the law was shaped not only by race but also by region: Indigenous people had what one historian has labeled jurispractices, while Europeans brought and created a jurisprudence of race and status that shaped treatments of women of color across imperial spaces. A widely comparative analysis of women and the law reflects ways in which race shaped women's status under and experiences of the law as well as the legalities of their marriages in pre-Revolutionary America.