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Established January 1, 1965
Vast forests did not cover all of Kentucky. In the south-central portion of the state an area of open grasslands known as the "Barrens" made a stark contrast to the heavily forested terrain surrounding it. Native Americans had repeatedly burned the forests that once covered the region as a means to stampede and kill big game. These fires created an open savannah that in turn drew all types of wild game to feed off its lush grasses. Buffalo herds migrated eastward across the Mississippi to Illinois, and then to Kentucky. These herds came to the Barrens and multiplied, providing food and clothing for the Indians.
The open lands of the Barrens also drew settlers who found the treeless areas easy to cultivate. Originally the pioneers thought the treeless grasslands infertile because of the lack of forestation. They soon found the soil to be some of the best that they had encountered. Farms and communities soon began to cover the area. In 1798 Barren County became the 37th county of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Taken from parts of Green and Warren counties, Barren consisted of 1,500 square miles. Beginning in 1815, the county had 1,000 square miles taken away to create portions of Allen, Edmonson, Hart, Metcalfe, and Monroe Counties.
Although Barren County had a railroad, most of south-central Kentucky remained isolated. The need for development became a topic for most civic and government organizations. A dam on Barren River had economic potential in the promotion of tourism. By 1960, construction of a 146 foot-high dam began on the river. When completed the dam had created Barren River Lake. The lake covers 10,000 acres and has a shoreline of 141 miles. The Louisville division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers designed and built the dam. They continue to maintain the lake.
A movement by the people of Barren County to establish a park next to the lake became a reality on January 1, 1965. The state purchased adjoining farms to extend the park site and the Louisville Corps of Engineers donated acreage to round out the park's boundaries. In 1966 the park constructed a boat dock with a marina. The Department of the Interior, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, approved a total development project of $3,469,000. A federal grant of $1,734,500 funded 50 percent of the estimated cost.
In 1971 the Louie B. Nunn State Lodge opened. The lodge overlooks the beautiful 10,000-acre lake. Barren River Lake is located in some of Kentucky's most scenic countryside. On the first weekend in June the park hosts Glasgow Highland Games, a festival celebrating Scottish heritage. Thousands of people attend this popular event each year.
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Deluxe CO2 Backup System : VWR offers a complete line of accessories for Low-Temperature and Ultra-Low Temperature freezers. Choose the accessories that will meet your laboratory's needs and safely store your frozen samples. Sensaphone telephone dialing systems connect to remote
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The integration of the three major IT application technologies, embedded systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing architecture, will trigger an "intelligent system" revolution in the conventional embedded device market creating completely new life, work and decision-making experiences for business managers, employees and general consumers. Microsoft Corporation OEM Embedded Sales Manager, Daniel Li thinks that OEMs must seize the huge business opportunities generated by this revolution, and actively recruit the resources from mature development and management platforms already available on the market to develop the intelligent systems that businesses need. Only by doing so can they stand a chance to succeed in future competition.
Li noted that the availability of low-cost, high-performance chips is promising huge growth potential for the global embedded device market. The use of embedded devices is becoming more and more common in professional fields, daily life and ordinary work environments. "For example, the various handheld devices ordinary people use, multimedia information kiosks, digital signage in hotels, medicare tools, point-of-sale (POS) terminals, on-board infotainment devices, and even desktop game consoles, etc. are all embedded devices of some kind."
As embedded devices are already very common, a further step could be taken to link them to the increasingly popular IoT and cloud computing ecosystems. The front-end embedded devices perform real-time information gathering and context-aware functions, and through the intermediate IoT connection send the information to back-end cloud computing platforms. This forms a wider IT infrastructure that assists business players in conducting diverse analyses and developing value-added applications. Li thinks that this not only offers business players a brand new way of collecting and using information, while supporting their daily operations and enhancing their long-term planning; it also provides a brand new experience for both general consumers and business clients.
Take digital signage for example. Such embedded devices support split screens to simultaneously provide diverse information on weather, tourism, stocks, advertising and news etc. With these devices, stores can also access back-end databases to check their inventories, as well as all previous transactions made during particular times each day. All promotional information can be shown on the front-end display while consumers can access the services offered by the system via such user interfaces as sensors or touchscreens.
Intelligent systems will become the mainstream in the future
Such an operating framework – where connected devices can (through wired or wireless networks) send real-time dynamic consumer information to managers and decision-makers of a business – is an upgrade from conventional embedded systems to intelligent systems that are more helpful to businesses. According to market research firm IDC, shipments of intelligent systems are experiencing staggering growth: currently their global market has reached 1.8 billion units with revenues of about US$1 trillion. The size has already exceeded the sum total of PCs, servers and mobile phones. By 2015, shipments of intelligent devices will more than double to reach four billion units, with revenues soaring to US$2 trillion.
Li said, "In 2010, intelligent systems only accounted for 19% of all electronics devices, but by 2015 their share will increase to one third." In order to raise prices and profits for OEMs in the wake of this new market trend, Microsoft has made corresponding adjustments to its roadmap for Windows Embedded products. Microsoft supports cross-platform front/back-end operations for x86, ARM-based and other hardware architectures in view of the fact that a company may have diverse devices in different departments due to cost considerations and system requirements. Moreover, Microsoft also offers multi-function items and technology to allow companies to easily manage and analyze data, with which they can develop the customized and differentiated solutions that they need.
As for how intelligent systems work, in general their work starts with the huge amounts of necessary data (such as speeds, altitudes, temperatures, remaining fuel levels, etc.) collected via diverse embedded devices. The data is transmitted in real time via various wired/wireless technologies (such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, LTE and 3G) to cloud/information centers for integration and analysis. Managers can make related decisions and issue instructions based on the data, and these decisions and instructions can be quickly sent to designated devices via the devices' management platforms. The devices then can make adjustments according to the instructions and decisions received.
Highly-integrated back-end IT infrastructure is needed for developing intelligent systems
Li said, "This means that the operation of complete intelligent systems needs the support of a highly-integrated back-end IT infrastructure (covering the Internet, cloud, security, database, devices, system management platform and others) to extend the general embedded devices all the way to the application systems of the company, allowing control personnel at the company to remotely manage and monitor the data and actual locations of each device. This can guarantee overall security and upgrade systems at the lowest cost possible." He stressed further, "Only by doing so can intelligent systems create bigger benefits and allow faster returns on the investments companies make in installing the systems."
Because of this, Microsoft's Windows Embedded development team is now not only focused on the key areas concerning operating system platforms, but also improving data processing functions in order to enhance the capabilities of handling diverse data from embedded devices running on different platforms. Moreover, the development team is also working closely with others who are developing Windows Azure, SQL Server 2008 R2, etc., to enable the inclusion of cloud computing in this infrastructure to help companies make even more in-depth analysis of the data transmitted back from the embedded devices. The Windows Embedded Device Manager and Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager platforms can help IT personnel more easily monitor and control all intelligent systems deployed around their company's IT network. They can also fully solve such problems as unstable connectivity common in the IoT environment, and the complex work of identity management and data access authorization.
For ordinary OEMs, Microsoft also offers its powerful development kits and a range of API tools (such as Windows Embedded Handheld, Windows Embedded POSReady and Windows Embedded Automotive) to help companies quickly customize various solutions according to the needs of different industries and platforms. With these tools, companies have a variety of ways of using intelligent systems. "For example, the ability to capture a user's full body movements allows users to operate a system through gesture or voice instructions. The Kinect body sensing technology that was originally developed for the Xbox 360 game console was officially included in Microsoft's Embedded series in February this year." Li noted, adding that developers only need to use Visual Studio to develop distributed applications to complete the entire deployment from devices to the cloud on a single platform.
Makers must unleash creativity to develop intelligent systems from different perspectives
Li stressed that makers of future embedded devices should not only focus on hardware development. They must assume the standpoint of enterprise users and unleash their creativity to introduce total solutions incorporating the concepts and functionalities of intelligent systems. This is necessary for improving their products' overall value and enhancing their competitiveness in this highly competitive market. "But apart from the completeness of functions and architecture, makers must also consider such important factors as reliability, manageability, performance and product life cycle when developing solutions."
Li said, "Currently Microsoft and its partners have already transplanted the core business processes and related application systems needed by different businesses – from retail, manufacturing to medicare – to this platform. For other embedded device makers, this means that they will no longer have to invest in infrastructure development. When there are upgraded versions in the future, the life and usability of their systems will be fully guaranteed." For example, when Microsoft launches its Windows 8, systems will be upgraded and enhanced directly. For makers, this means significant help for their products to stay competitive in the market.
Microsoft Corporation OEM Embedded Sales Manager, Daniel Li
Photo: Digitimes
Li answers questions about Microsoft's Windows Embedded
Photo: Digitimes


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[media-credit name="RJ Sangosti, The Denver Post" align="alignnone" width="495″][/media-credit]
Of note: In honor of CU Advocacy Day at the Capitol, we're reblogging an interview with Rep. Kevin Priola that first appeared on March 8, 2010.
Republican Kevin Priola beat the odds in 2008, winning an Adams County House seat Democrats had expected to retain. Priola, 36, is involved in his family's property management and development enterprise, Cap Land Co., and is co-director of the "Ralphie" program at CU.
He married his high school sweetheart, Michelle. They have two children, Turin, 7, Bremma, 4, and are expecting a third child in August.
Q. You got the idea for naming your son when you were at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. How did that happen?
A. We were at the closing ceremony and my wife was pregnant and Turino, Italy, was going to be the next venue. The city also is called Turin. But that's not the only reason. Turin is kind of a play on Kevin, and we have an Italian last name.
Q. Are you going to name the new baby "Vancouver?"
A. I actually did run that by my wife as a joke. But our daughter has an unusual name, too. I was looking over my wife's shoulder at a baby name book and the name "Briana" was over the fold of the page. I misread it as "Bremma." My wife liked it.
Q. How did you end up getting involved in the Ralphie program when you attended CU from 1992 to 1996?
A. I was just interested in the whole spirit part of it, and supporting the football team, and being one of the guys that runs the buffalo down the field at the start of the game and at halftime.
There are five different positions: front left, front right, rear left, rear right and the guy in the back, which we refer to as the loop. That's where I got to run. It's where the bigger and slower guys usually go so that was perfect for me. (Laughing.)
I'm still involved with the program. I'm the co-director with my cousin Ben Frei, who also ran with Ralphie in college. We help set up appearances, take care of the buffaloes, manage the kids and set up the practices. It's a great hobby. It's great fun.
Q. Did running with a buffalo help prepare you for being in the legislature?
A. It did. We did a lot of public speaking. And a 1,200-pound buffalo sometimes has his own mind and wants to do his own thing. Same down here.
Q. Republicans got crushed in 2008, but you won an open seat and in a district considered Democratic, no less. How did you do it?
A. I drove or walked to almost every house in every precinct, all 41 of them, through the spring, summer and fall and talked face to face with voters about the issues that were important to them. A lot of them thanked me for taking the time.
And I know Democrats who voted for me, my father included.
Q. Tell me about House District 30.
A. It's got everything but mountains. I have rivers and lakes. I have dry land farms and irrigated farmlands. I have the Anschutz Medical Center in Aurora. I have the small bedroom community of Brighton. I represent almost all of Brighton, a portion of Aurora, and all of Bennet, Watkins and Henderson. I have eight addresses in Commerce City, and a few Hudson and Keenesburg addresses.
Q. What surprised you most when you became a lawmaker?
A. I found it very strange that they adjourned on Fridays at noon so the out-state legislators could head home. It was like a ghost town around here. Friday afternoons in business was when I got most things done.
Q. You're not one of the lawmakers who run down to the microphone all the time. Why?
A. There are some representatives who go to the microphone a lot less than I do. But I think it's a law of diminishing returns: The more you go up, the less people listen.
I pick the issues that are important to me, issues with families and small businesses trying to pay their bills. This year I've been really concerned about bills I think raise energy costs. A lot of constituents I talk to notice their energy bills are going up and they're not happy.
Q. Tell me about one of your bills this year.
A. I have a bill that I believe will help the trucking industry. They've had a tough time making a go of it. House Bill 1285 would allow them to qualify for enterprise-zone and sales-tax credits. It also increases the fines on egregiously overweight trucks that are ruining our roads, and basically cheating those following the rules.
Q. You're an Adams County native who grew up working in the family business. What did you do?
A. We had a cut-flower greenhouse for almost 40 years. My grandfather, father and uncle started it. We grew carnations originally, and then moved into cold-weather crops, such as tulips, Asiatic lilies and snapdragons.
We also had a property management development company. We decided to develop the property the greenhouse sat on so we're in the process of doing that right now.
Q. Can you arrange a mean bouquet of flowers?
A. We never did arrangements. We grew them, cut them and shipped them out. But I like flowers. I still buy them for my wife. Tulips are my favorite.


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AARP Driver Safety class for seniors to be held
An AARP Driver Safety classes for senior drivers will be held June 5 and Aug. 7 at South Lake Tahoe Senior Center.
Classes take place from 8:30 a.m to noon and from 1-4:30 p.m. The class costs $12 for AARP members and $14 for non-members and includes a workbook and the cost of materials. Reservation and payment should be be made as soon as possible at the receptionist's desk at the senior center, Monday through Friday, between 8:30 a.m. and noon or 12:30 p.m. and 4 p.m. Twenty people can enroll for each class. The instructor will be R.S. Lynn.
Those who complete the class will be eligible to receive a discount on auto insurance.
Lunch can be purchased at the senior center social hall at the Senior Nutrition Program from noon to 12:30 p.m. for $3. The South Lake Tahoe Senior Center is located at 3050 Lake Tahoe Blvd.
For more information, call the center at 530-542-6094.


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quote:Originally posted by damalcI'm so disappointed the Jinx movie isn't going to happen.picpic
quote:Originally posted by BeanmimoHow about A Shot in the dark?
quote:Originally posted by el guapoRooster Cogburn (1975) from True Grit
quote:Originally posted by lemmycautionCrook's Tour starred Basil Radford and Naunton Wayne, the scene-stealing twits from Hitchcock's The Lady Vanishes.Don't know if this fits your criteria but the "Kids" from Dead End were featured in a few other Warners films and eventually starred in a number of low-budget features most prominently as The Bowery Boys.Supporting characters Ma & Pa Kettle in The Egg and I went on to star in their own series.
quote:Originally posted by Chris CBartok in Anastasia & Bartok the Magnificent


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By Ron Richter on Mon 08/24/2009 09:03pm
September 6th - 12th is Suicide Prevention Week, and there are several activities planned for Sheridan County. Sheridan County Suicide Prevention Coalition Chair Vanessa Hastings explains what the Coalition is trying to accomplish.
As part of Suicide Prevention Week, the Coalition is offering Operation SAVE, a program that VA Medical Centers across the nation use to prevent suicide among veteran populations. Hastings said that the program will be offered September 9th and 10th at the Sheridan College C-TEL, both at 5:30 pm. Hastings indicated that since space is limited, those who wish to participate should RSVP soon. Here is the contact information if you would like to RSVP. 307-763-3055 or email email@example.com


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So I have another character here from Sword Art Online. He is the main figure from the novel, manga, and anime. Here is "how to draw Kirito", step by step. I didn't realize how many people where fans of the series 'Sword Art Online'. Kirito is like I said the main protagonist. His real name is 'Kirigaya Kazuto', but it was later shortened to just Kirito. This character has black colored hair, and wears a typical school uniform with a jacket and tie. There is the school emblem on the right or left pocket and you can see it because it's gold in color. As his visual appearance suggests, Kirito is not what you would call a very talkative person. Instead, he has a hard time getting his words out when he needs to speak. Because of this Kirito often keeps quiet. He has a love for computers, so much so if people where computers, he would have an easier time communicating with them. Even though Kirito is not a talker, he still finds the time to tease and get others angry. Sometimes he will also have this overconfidence in himself which then leads to thinking he can do anything and everything that others cannot do. I guess it's a bit confusing when you break down the character traits of Kirito. One think I can do well is give you a lesson on drawing Kirito. At least I know folks will be able to understand that. Have fun and let me know what you think with some feedback. Peace out folks.
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Frequent Links
Eight queens puzzle
Script error: No such module "Chessboard". The eight queens puzzle is the problem of placing eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other. Thus, a solution requires that no two queens share the same row, column, or diagonal. The eight queens puzzle is an example of the more general n-queens problem of placing n queens on an n×n chessboard, where solutions exist for all natural numbers n with the exception of n=2 and n=3.[1]
Chess composer Max Bezzel published the eight queens puzzle in 1848. Franz Nauck published the first solutions in 1850.[2] Nauck also extended the puzzle to the n-queens problem, with n queens on a chessboard of n × n squares.
Since then, many mathematicians, including Carl Friedrich Gauss, have worked on both the eight queens puzzle and its generalized n-queens version. In 1874, S. Gunther proposed a method using determinants to find solutions.[2] J.W.L. Glaisher refined Gunther's approach.
In 1972 Edsger Dijkstra used this problem to illustrate the power of what he called structured programming. He published a highly detailed description of a depth-first backtracking algorithm.2
Solution construction
The problem can be quite computationally expensive as there are 4,426,165,368 (i.e., 64C8) possible arrangements of eight queens on an 8×8 board, but only 92 solutions. It is possible to use shortcuts that reduce computational requirements or rules of thumb that avoids brute-force computational techniques. For example, just by applying a simple rule that constrains each queen to a single column (or row), though still considered brute force, it is possible to reduce the number of possibilities to just 16,777,216 (that is, 88) possible combinations. Generating permutations further reduces the possibilities to just 40,320 (that is, 8!), which are then checked for diagonal attacks.
Martin Richards published a program to count solutions to the n-queens problem using bitwise operations.[3]
The eight queens puzzle has 92 distinct solutions. If solutions that differ only by symmetry operations (rotations and reflections) of the board are counted as one, the puzzle has 12 fundamental solutions.
A fundamental solution usually has eight variants (including its original form) obtained by rotating 90, 180, or 270 degrees and then reflecting each of the four rotational variants in a mirror in a fixed position. However, should a solution be equivalent to its own 90 degree rotation (as happens to one solution with five queens on a 5x5 board) that fundamental solution will have only two variants (itself and its reflection). Should a solution be equivalent to its own 180 degree rotation (but not to its 90 degree rotation) it will have four variants (itself, its reflection, its 90 degree rotation and the reflection of that). It is not possible for a solution to be equivalent to its own reflection (except at n=1) because that would require two queens to be facing each other. (For n-queen problem's solution to be equivalent to its own mirror-image solution, the solution needs to be symmetrical by the center of the board either horizontally or vertically. Then, two queens would be facing each other, making it not a solution. ) Of the 12 fundamental solutions to the problem with eight queens on an 8x8 board, exactly one is equal to its own 180 degree rotation, and none are equal to their 90 degree rotation, thus the number of distinct solutions is 11*8 + 1*4 = 92 (where the 8 is derived from four 90-degree rotational positions and their reflections, and the 4 is derived from two 180-degree rotational positions and their reflections).
The different fundamental solutions are presented below:
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Script error: No such module "Chessboard".
Solution 10 has the additional property that no three queens are in a straight line.
Explicit solutions
These brute-force algorithms to count the number of solutions are computationally manageable for n = 8, but would be intractable for problems of n ≥ 20, as 20! = 2.433 * 1018. If the goal is to find a single solution then explicit solutions exist for all n ≥ 4, requiring no combinatorial search whatsoever.[4] The explicit solutions exhibit stair-stepped patterns, as in the following examples for n = 8, 9 and 10:
The examples above can be obtained with the following formulas. Let (i, j) be the square in column i and row j on the n × n chessboard, k an integer.
- If n is even and n ≠ 6k + 2, then place queens at (i, 2i) and (n/2 + i, 2i - 1) for i = 1,2,...,n/2.
- If n is even and n ≠ 6k, then place queens at (i, 1 + (2i + n/2 - 3 (mod n))) and (n + 1 - i, n - (2i + n/2 - 3 (mod n))) for i = 1,2,...,n/2.
- If n is odd, then use one of the patterns above for (n - 1) and add a queen at (n, n).
Another approach is
- If the remainder from dividing N by 6 is not 2 or 3 then the list is simply all even numbers followed by all odd numbers ≤ N
- Otherwise, write separate lists of even and odd numbers (i.e. 2,4,6,8 - 1,3,5,7)
- If the remainder is 2, swap 1 and 3 in odd list and move 5 to the end (i.e. 3,1,7,5)
- If the remainder is 3, move 2 to the end of even list and 1,3 to the end of odd list (i.e. 4,6,8,2 - 5,7,1,3)
- Append odd list to the even list and place queens in the rows given by these numbers, from left to right (i.e. a2, b4, c6, d8, e3, f1, g7, h5)
For N = 8 this results in fundamental solution 1 above. A few more examples follow.
- 14 queens (remainder 2): 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 3, 1, 7, 9, 11, 13, 5.
- 15 queens (remainder 3): 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 2, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 1, 3.
- 20 queens (remainder 2): 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 3, 1, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 5.
Counting solutions
The following table gives the number of solutions for placing n queens on an n × n board, both fundamental (sequence A002562 in OEIS) and all (sequence A000170 in OEIS), for n=1–14, 24–26.
Note that the six queens puzzle has fewer solutions than the five queens puzzle.
There is currently no known formula for the exact number of solutions, or even for its asymptotic behaviour.
Related problems
- Higher dimensions
- Find the number of non-attacking queens that can be placed in a d-dimensional chess space of size n. More than n queens can be placed in some higher dimensions (the smallest example is four non-attacking queens in a 3 × 3 × 3 chess space), and it is in fact known that for any k, there are higher dimensions where nk queens do not suffice to attack all spaces.[5]
- Using pieces other than queens
- On an 8×8 board one can place 32 knights, or 14 bishops, 16 kings or eight rooks, so that no two pieces attack each other. Fairy chess pieces have also been substituted for queens. In the case of knights, an easy solution is to place one on each square of a given color, since they move only to the opposite color. The solution is also easy for rooks and kings. Eight rooks can be placed along a long diagonal (amongst thousands of other solutions), and 16 kings are placed on the board by dividing it into 2 by 2 squares and placing the kings at equivalent points on each square.
- In mathematics, a permutation matrix can be regarded geometrically as a set of n points lying on the squares of a nxn chessboard, such that each row or column contains only one point. Thus, an order-n permutation matrix is a solution to an n-rooks puzzle.
- Nonstandard boards
- Pólya studied the n queens problem on a toroidal ("donut-shaped") board and showed that there is a solution on an n×n board if and only if n is not divisible by 2 or 3.[6] In 2009 Pearson and Pearson algorithmically populated three-dimensional boards (n×n×n) with n2 queens, and proposed that multiples of these can yield solutions for a four-dimensional version of the puzzle.
- Domination
- Given an n×n board, the domination number is the minimum number of queens (or other pieces) needed to attack or occupy every square. For n=8 the queen's domination number is 5.
- Place nine queens and one pawn on an 8×8 board in such a way that queens don't attack each other. Further generalization of the problem (complete solution is currently unknown): given an n×n chess board and m > n queens, find the minimum number of pawns, so that the m queens and the pawns can be set up on the board in such a way that no two queens attack each other.
- Place m queens and m knights on an n×n board so that no piece attacks another.
- In 1992, Demirörs, Rafraf, and Tanik published a method for converting some magic squares into n queens solutions, and vice versa.[7]
- In an n×n matrix, place each digit 1 through n in n locations in the matrix so that no two instances of the same digit are in the same row or column.
- Consider a matrix with one primary column for each of the n ranks of the board, one primary column for each of the n files, and one secondary column for each of the 4n-6 nontrivial diagonals of the board. The matrix has n2 rows: one for each possible queen placement, and each row has a 1 in the columns corresponding to that square's rank, file, and diagonals and a 0 in all the other columns. Then the n queens problem is equivalent to choosing a subset of the rows of this matrix such that every primary column has a 1 in precisely one of the chosen rows and every secondary column has a 1 in at most one of the chosen rows; this is an example of a generalized exact cover problem, of which sudoku is another example.
Exercise in algorithm design
Finding all solutions to the eight queens puzzle is a good example of a simple but nontrivial problem. For this reason, it is often used as an example problem for various programming techniques, including nontraditional approaches such as constraint programming, logic programming or genetic algorithms. Most often, it is used as an example of a problem that can be solved with a recursive algorithm, by phrasing the n queens problem inductively in terms of adding a single queen to any solution to the problem of placing n−1 queens on an n-by-n chessboard. The induction bottoms out with the solution to the 'problem' of placing 0 queens on the chessboard, which is the empty chessboard.
This technique is much more efficient than the naïve brute-force search algorithm, which considers all 648 = 248 = 281,474,976,710,656 possible blind placements of eight queens, and then filters these to remove all placements that place two queens either on the same square (leaving only 64!/56! = 178,462,987,637,760 possible placements) or in mutually attacking positions. This very poor algorithm will, among other things, produce the same results over and over again in all the different permutations of the assignments of the eight queens, as well as repeating the same computations over and over again for the different sub-sets of each solution. A better brute-force algorithm places a single queen on each row, leading to only 88 = 224 = 16,777,216 blind placements.
It is possible to do much better than this. One algorithm solves the eight rooks puzzle by generating the permutations of the numbers 1 through 8 (of which there are 8! = 40,320), and uses the elements of each permutation as indices to place a queen on each row. Then it rejects those boards with diagonal attacking positions. The backtracking depth-first search program, a slight improvement on the permutation method, constructs the search tree by considering one row of the board at a time, eliminating most nonsolution board positions at a very early stage in their construction. Because it rejects rook and diagonal attacks even on incomplete boards, it examines only 15,720 possible queen placements. A further improvement, which examines only 5,508 possible queen placements, is to combine the permutation based method with the early pruning method: the permutations are generated depth-first, and the search space is pruned if the partial permutation produces a diagonal attack. Constraint programming can also be very effective on this problem.
An alternative to exhaustive search is an 'iterative repair' algorithm, which typically starts with all queens on the board, for example with one queen per column.[8] It then counts the number of conflicts (attacks), and uses a heuristic to determine how to improve the placement of the queens. The 'minimum-conflicts' heuristic — moving the piece with the largest number of conflicts to the square in the same column where the number of conflicts is smallest — is particularly effective: it finds a solution to the 1,000,000 queen problem in less than 50 steps on average. This assumes that the initial configuration is 'reasonably good' — if a million queens all start in the same row, it will obviously take at least 999,999 steps to fix it. A 'reasonably good' starting point can for instance be found by putting each queen in its own row and column so that it conflicts with the smallest number of queens already on the board.
Note that 'iterative repair', unlike the 'backtracking' search outlined above, does not guarantee a solution: like all hillclimbing (i.e., greedy) procedures, it may get stuck on a local optimum (in which case the algorithm may be restarted with a different initial configuration). On the other hand, it can solve problem sizes that are several orders of magnitude beyond the scope of a depth-first search.
This animation uses backtracking to solve the problem. A queen is placed in a column that is known not to cause conflict. If a column is not found the program returns to the last good state and then tries a different column.
Sample program
The following is a Pascal program by Niklaus Wirth.[9] It finds one solution to the eight queens problem.
program eightqueen1(output); var i : integer; q : boolean; a : array[ 1 .. 8] of boolean; b : array[ 2 .. 16] of boolean; c : array[ -7 .. 7] of boolean; x : array[ 1 .. 8] of integer; procedure try( i : integer; var q : boolean); var j : integer; begin j := 0; repeat j := j + 1; q := false; if a[ j] and b[ i + j] and c[ i - j] then begin x[ i ] := j; a[ j ] := false; b[ i + j] := false; c[ i - j] := false; if i < 8 then begin try( i + 1, q); if not q then begin a[ j] := true; b[ i + j] := true; c[ i - j] := true; end end else q := true end until q or (j = 8); end; begin for i := 1 to 8 do a[ i] := true; for i := 2 to 16 do b[ i] := true; for i := -7 to 7 do c[ i] := true; try( 1, q); if q then for i := 1 to 8 do write( x[ i]:4); writeln end.
See also
- ^ Hoffman, et al. "Construction for the Solutions of the m Queens Problem". Mathematics Magazine, Vol. XX (1969), p. 66–72. [1]
- ^ a b W. W. Rouse Ball (1960) The Eight Queens Problem, in Mathematical Recreations and Essays, Macmillan, New York, pp 165-171.
- ^ Martin Richards. Backtracking Algorithms in MCPL using Bit Patterns and Recursion. University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mr10/backtrk.pdf
- ^ Explicit Solutions to the N-Queens Problem for all N, Bo Bernhardsson (1991), Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden.
- ^ J. Barr and S. Rao (2006), The n-Queens Problem in Higher Dimensions, Elemente der Mathematik, vol 61 (4), pp. 133–137.
- ^ G. Pólya, Uber die "doppelt-periodischen" Losungen des n-Damen-Problems, George Pólya: Collected papers Vol. IV, G-C. Rota, ed., MIT Press, Cambridge, London, 1984, pp. 237–247
- ^ O. Demirörs, N. Rafraf, and M.M. Tanik. Obtaining n-queens solutions from magic squares and constructing magic squares from n-queens solutions. Journal of Recreational Mathematics, 24:272–280, 1992
- ^ A Polynomial Time Algorithm for the N-Queen Problem by Rok Sosic and Jun Gu, 1990. Describes run time for up to 500,000 Queens which was the max they could run due to memory constraints.
- ^ Wirth, 1976, p. 145
Further reading
- Bell, Jordan and Stevens, Brett, A survey of known results and research areas for n-queens, Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 309, Issue 1, 6 January 2009, 1-31.
- Watkins, John J. (2004). Across the Board: The Mathematics of Chess Problems. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11503-6.
- O.-J. Dahl, E. W. Dijkstra, C. A. R. Hoare Structured Programming, Academic Press, London, 1972 ISBN 0-12-200550-3 see pp 72–82 for Dijkstra's solution of the 8 Queens problem.
- Three Dimensional NxN-Queens Problems, L. Allison, C.N. Yee, & M. McGaughey (1988), Department of Computer Science, Monash University, Australia.
- S. Nudelman, The Modular N-Queens Problem in Higher Dimensions, Discrete Mathematics, vol 146, iss. 1-3, 15 November 1995, pp. 159–167.
- M. Engelhardt, Der Stammbaum der Lösungen des Damenproblems (in German, means The pedigree chart of solutions to the 8-queens problem), Spektrum der Wissenschaft, August 2010, pp. 68–71 DOI.
- On The Modular N-Queen Problem in Higher Dimensions, Ricardo Gomez, Juan Jose Montellano and Ricardo Strausz (2004), Instituto de Matematicas, Area de la Investigacion Cientifica, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico.
- Wirth, Niklaus (1976), Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs, Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-022418-9
External links
|The Wikibook Algorithm Implementation has a page on the topic of: N-queens problem


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Product Description
Glycolic Acid: The Workhorse of the Alpha Hydroxy Acids
Glycolic Acid is a superficial peeling agent that is made from sugar cane. It is often considered the most active and beneficial of the Alpha-Hydroxy-Acids (AHA). With repetitive and continuous use, improvement to skin tone and texture occurs. Once inside the skin's cell, glycolic acid will serve as a catalyst for the formation of new collagen which will reduce the appearance of wrinkles on the skin's surface. It's small molecule allows it to slip beneath the epidermis to reach the collagen fibers below and results in 15%-25% thickening over 12 weeks. Glycolic acid has been proven to be very effective in the treatment of hyperpigmentation, melasma, actinic keratosis, acne, and oily skin, as well as other cosmetic uses.
At-Home Peels, the Skin Cleansing Wave of the Future
Our peels provide you the opportunity to enjoy the benefits of professional results at home, for a fraction of the cost. The 30ml and 100ml bottles are best for full facial applications. For specific areas, or spot treatments, we recommend the Glycolic 35 Roll-On.
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Clinical research and patient treatments clearly prove that AHAs are effective in helping to keep the skin clear and healthier. The research also confirmed that the majority of AHAs have larger molecular structures that do not penetrate the top layer of the skin (stratum corneum) without high concentrations and lower pH levels. Glycolic Acid is the most adaptable and beneficial AHA. Its tiny molecular structure allows it to penetrate the epidermis to accelerate the body's exfoliation process. It "loosens" the glue that bonds the cells together, allowing thickened and dead cells to "disappear." The end result is smoother skin with better coloration, tone and texture. You will see improvements in cell renewal, firmness, texture, reduction of fine lines and increased moisture levels.
A Safe, Controlled Peel is the Way to Go
The goal with a safe peeling regimen is to cause the skin to come off in a controlled way, with each peel taking off a few more layers of accumulated skin. With each application of the peel, the results are incremental. You should notice results within the first couple of applications, and the tone and texture of your skin will continue to improve as the layers of old skin are slowly removed to reveal new skin beneath.
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I was nervous about doing chemical peels at home, as I have no experience with this kind of stuff. I decided to research thoroughly and this was the first chemical peel product that I have ever done. The 35% was a perfect beginners peel. I didn't expect dramatic results and knew I had to be patient.The instructions say to leave the peel on for one minute the first time. It did sting a bit but nothing bad at all. My skin felt tighter.The 2nd time i kept it on for 3 minutes and gradually increased the length of time with each additional peel buy a minute or two. The instructions say to never leave it on longer than 8 minutes.I do the peels every 14 days and I just completed my 6th peel recently. I cleanse my face with Cetaphil face wash and then I apply Thayer's Rose Petal Witch Hazel Toner. Once dry, I then apply 3ml of the chemical peel to a 2x2 non-sterile gauze pad. I rinse the peel off with plain cool water from the sink or shower for a minute or two. No baking soda needed. Once face is dry I apply Cetaphil Daily Advance Lotion.I never did actually peel but I didn't expect to because I knew this was a superficial chemical peel. It's good for beginners or anyone who wants a quick peel with no down time. It fixed a couple of patches around my nose that would always be dry and require lotion. That alone was worth the little money I spent. It clears blackheads nicely. It makes your face smooth and glowing. I do notice a reduction in my old hyperpigmentation as well.I will do a couple of more peels of this before I step up to a 15% TCA peel. I have a lot more confidence knowing that I can safely do chemical peels at home without paying the exorbitant prices at spas and clinics. I highly recommend this chemical peel.
It is taking time but the product is working. I feel it will take at least 6 weeks. Sun damage is a big deal.
I applied just as directed and left on for 3 minutes for my first time. A noticeble difference. I would highly recommend. I also ended up doing my neck and decollage area as well. This is a must have now for me item.
I have mild scarring on my face. The oldest scars are about 8 years old. I'm 26. Over the years I've used different exfoliating lotions, and through that process figured out that glycolic acid is the only acid my skin tolerates (lactic acid, for example, makes me break out horribly.) I strongly suggest that anyone interested in trying peels do this first.I've been doing at-home peels for the past two and a half years. I started with Skin Laboratory Glycolic 25% 30mL, which I was thrilled with. It's a gel, so it's easy to apply evenly, and it tingles but does not burn. Immediately after the peel, my face looked and felt great! So fresh and clean. Over time some smaller scars disappeared, my husband raved about how bright my face looked, and it helped with the appearance of deeper scars. After I had used that bottle up, I decided to upgrade to 35%. I was hesitant about shelling out for the 100mL bottle of 35%, so I tried a different brand's 35% glycolic peel.THAT peel was not so great. XYZ brand's peel was all liquidy, so even when dabbing it on with cotton balls, it was impossible to apply consistently. It helped somewhat with existing scars, but in other areas of my face it actually did more harm than good. It was too harsh and was extremely uncomfortable to use. For days afterward my face would look dingy and dirty as the top layer of skin peeled off. While this is to be expected on some level with a peel, I've found that Skin Laboratory's gel peel does not cause this to the same degree.I finally got fed up with XYZ brand peel and decided to go back to Skin Laboratory. I'm so glad I did. Just did the first peel with it and it's just as pleasing as the 25%.I recently tried the XYZ brand liquid peel on my arms, which helped with dark spots from when I was younger (I used to spend lots of time outside, getting scraped up and being in the sun for hours at at time). So I would say, use the liquid peels on your body, but stick with Skin Laboratory's gel peels for your face.
Not for sensitive skin. This is the perfect exfoliator. No scrubbing that micro-scratches the skin and no tugging or pulling the skin with your hands in order to cleanse. Absolutely the best way to brighten my very sluggish, oily skin. Have used it for over ten years.
this helped out a lot! i was nervous that it would make me break out more, but it actually cleared up my skin and the peeling wasnt visible. worth the money and little bit of stinging! a little goes a long way too.
Excellent product. I have been using it once a week for a year with always perfect results: tightens and brightens skin in 5 minutes, improves skin color and oil secretion, removes back and white heads, excellent before deep skin cleaning to remove oils since it opens the pores right after rinse and tightens pores afterwords. Do not keep more that 5 minutes due to high risk of skin burn, had it ones. Use with ultrasonic skin brush to rinse off.
Great for exfoliation once or twice a week depending on your skin. Clear away flaky skin especially in cold weather. Followed by moisturizer.
Purchased this 3.4 fl. Oz. size because I didn't notice it was still available in the 1 oz. size that I had purchased in the past. It's from the same manufacturing Skin Laboratories, and is the same glycolic/35 formula on the label, but it did work as well as the 1oz size. I kept it on for 4 minutes like I had in the past, and I didn't even feel a tingle on my face like I had felt with the smaller size. I feel either it is watered down, expired or the formulation has changed.Very disappointed!
i have purchased this one for about 10 month plus, but i dont use it much as how the instruction recommended, but i saw the result after 3 times usage. My skintone becomes more and more even, whiter also. My mom and sis also told me that my skin looks much better than las year.
I use this peel all the time. I have written other reviews about the product. You have to know what you are doing before using a peel but if you are experienced, it definitely makes my skin look great and it definitely reduces the gunk in my pores.
I love this product and use it weekly during winter months for several weeks. I only use it before bedtime. Really helps with any acne and skin turns super soft. I prefer this strength over the 50%, but if you never used it before start with a lower strength and work your way up to this one.
At one time II was able to afford high end beauty supply products- name brands Sephora, etc. as well as professional facials. I can no longer afford such expensive products/services.Hence, I started reading extensive reviews, watching Utube for suggestions( i.e. this is where I learned that the Monistat Chafting gel has the same ingredients as Sephora's primer (is actually better with less additives), etc., and started purchasing Amazon products that are extremely cost effective and in some cases the same product used when I had professional treatment, i.e. 35% Glycolic Acid, Emu oil, Argan Oil, Squalane, etc.The results - if used properly - provide me the same results as professional treatment. Highly recommend these products but caution to read the reviews, especially on peel products such as the Glycolic Acid, so you do not damage skin and get exceptional results.
Hi, I liked this product but I just think that maybe I chose the wrong level for me, but it's ok because I prefer to start low just in case:-)The product seems to be great and it got to me on time and well packed.My skin did not peel one bit!!! But I did felt the black head coming out...good thing!My only problem was that it did not do much for me, because I used creams w/acids before, so I guess that got my skin more resilient to acids??. But because it was my first time trying a glycolic gel peel, I was afraid to go to high. So now it's time for me to go to the next level:-)
this helped me reduce the appearance of the stretch marks i have on my legs, i used it weekly for about a month or so and still using it.
It's perfect for renewing your skin. I used it once per month to improve skin tone and natural collagen. It also improves wrinkles.
I ordered this in the past and it was great. This is a very weak version. It's a big bottle so I'm going to try using multiple layers and see if anything happens.
This product is absolutely amazing! Use by Victoria's secret models, I shouldn't be surprised. But, I was surprised to see how great my skin felt! I had just recently got sunburned and I waited one week, put this on, and my skin was like new! Dry skin was gone and my face wasn't red or discolored! No acne! This product really is worth the money!
I'm a 56 year old man that went to a local spa and paid $150 for this treatment that is basically glycolic acid with a few other little foo foo additives. So I decided to buy the main ingredient and each time I've used this product it does reduce the minor wrinkles & lines. It burns a little initially and I leave it on for 5-8 minutes and doesn't dry out my skin if I rinse well with water. I use it once/week but it recommends once/3 weeks.
I can't say enough about this product. I do IPL for basic tone correction, this peel prevents discoloration between IPL treatments (usually once per year), improves tone, reduces pore size, and improves wrinkles. It's subtle, and gives me a great glow! I do follow directions strictly, only keeping on for a minute and then rinsing for three...
Skin feel very soft after using. My skin loves the acid peels so I leave it on much longer than the recommended 8 minutes and have never been burned.
I purchased this product for my son who has mild acne and for my fine facial lines. I applied this product correctly for 8 months and did not notice any results. It burned, but standing in front of the air vent helped.
i saw this product today and am yet to try it but i want to know if it really works on stretch marks?i gave it 3 stars because am yet to try.
it does everything it said it will do.it will be a month before you see any real results but it's definatly worth it
I love this peel for wrinkles (under the eyes) and brown spots. After using once, my skin has a glow. I have been using this product for nearly 3 years and have not been disappointed yet. Will continue to buy as long as it is available. Really makes a difference in my skin care and I don't have to use so many creams, salves, etc. This product and a good moisturizer is all one really needs (and saves $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$).
This product works very well but after having used it for several months, my next purchase will be a stronger strength.
A gentle peel. No flaking or redness. After a few uses skin is very soft and flaws are minimized. Follow directions, also buy a neutralizer.
I started out with Lactic 50%, then Lactic 70%, which helped fade my melasma significantly, then I moved on to this one. I have loved the results of these peels. I went with the glycolic 35% because I heard it was harsher than the lactic and didn't want to plunge in but rather build up some tolerance. It did sting more than the lactic but nothing ridiculous. My skin did look smoother and somewhat clearer and also helped my melasma a little but it does not have the moisturizing qualities of the lactic. From my understanding, they work on different levels of the skin, the glycolic being able to work at a deeper level than the lactic so now I alternate one week of lactic, one of glycolic. The first time I tried this peel, I started with a one minute application. I had mild tingling but nothing extreme. I added 1 min each time until I was doing 4 minutes. I continue to notice subtle improvements on my face as I continue my applications. I've struggled with stubborn, resistant hyper-pigmentation (melasma) around my eyes for years. I tried countless products that seemed to work for others but did not work for me. Only photofacials had been able to remove it but it returned with the slightest bit of sun (hyper-active melanocytes) so photofacials were just too expensive for a temporary solution. These peels, week by week, (and a gradual increase in strength, along with a combination of other products I have listed on my profile), slowly faded them. As I moved on to stronger peels, its now 95% gone. It will still occasionally come back when I have a run in with the sun but it fades away again. The company has a lot of information on their website and are very responsive so I continue to buy from them. NOTES ON PEELS:-Don't do it more often than they recommend. They recommend you do it every so often for a reason. Your skin has to have time to heal and develop new skin before you strip it away again.-You HAVE to wear sunblock. Your skin is more exposed and vulnerable to damage from sun. Protect it. If you don't you are canceling out or even reversing your progress. I like this one, Ole Henriksen Protect the Truth Sunscreen SPF 50+-1.7 oz. Its not the best moisturizer but as a sunblock, its great. Its my favorite because its hard to find high spf that doesn't leave a white haze, smell funky or make your eyes tear up.-When you are doing your peels, make sure you start with a clean DRY face, water will dilute the acid in your peel. I am wondering if thats why some people did not see any results. I wash my face, swipe it with alcohol on a cotton ball to remove any leftover oils and to help dry it. Wait 10-15 minutes, then apply the peel.-Use a fan brush like this oneTaklon Fan Mask Brush Acid Applicator for Glycolic Lactic TCA Skin Peel / Masques (Small). Mine has lasted over a year. You can use cotton balls/squares but I think they absorb product so you will waste some and get less peels out of your bottle.-Watch your face when the peel is on. The recommended time is a guideline, everyones skin is different and reacts differently. Thats why they recommend you start slow. Some are ok 1 min the first time, others the full 4 min. Once your skin starts looking pinkish, its time to remove. If it gets red, you've gone too long.-Make sure you wash off ALL of the acid. Wash, rewash, wash again. I like to shower right after to make sure its all gone. Any leftover acid will continue to work its way into your skin. I like to use a post peel neutralizer as an extra precaution. MD Formulations had a post peel neutralizer that was AWESOME but they don't sell it individually. I am trying this one Neutralizer skin pH balancer helps balance the pH of your skin for the safe and effective neutralization after peeling.. It works but I am still trying to find one more like the MD formulations one. You pour onto cotton ball and sweep your face right after peel, then wash it off with water. You can also mix your own neutralizer using baking soda and water.-Moisturize after. This one has been my favorite to use after, Hydrating Repair Peptide Wrinkle Cream (Post Peel) - Enhanced with Matrixyl?? 3000, Argireline??, Hyaluronic Acid & Natural Botanical Extracts. I also use it as a night cream. Very moisturizing and doesn't feel greasy or leave a residue.
it always breaks the skin as soon as its applied, plus it gives me alot of tiny bumps all over my face. I love the other peels that skin laboratory has. Their quality is by far better than any other peels out there. Obssesion n the others are waterd down. I will continue to order peels from them because the make my skin look amazing. This peel just wasnt for me im in my early 20s so i have no wrinkles n i dont need collagen so i used the wrong peel thats it! But i must say it was on time...
I tried lower strength glycolic and also salicylic peel at first to be cautious, then this 35% gel and I've been using it for years. I try to use it once a week and only little visible peeling but skin looks smoother. I also used TCA and Jessner peel and it works well too and I use it once a month. These 2 gives me the same result I get from Obagi Nuderm but cheaper and I get faster result. It stings a little like sunburn so I use Strivectin on red areas which I usually get below the outer corner of my eyes.
I rec'd product 2 days before expected which was a great beginning. I washed my hands, neck and face with mild cleanser and used witch hazel.I waited 1/2 hr and started on my hands and neck. No tingling on hands but neck wasnt even a one of 10 on pain level. I left it on full 10 minutes, I have had professional chemical peels before with good results.I like that it is a gel. Lots of control. Use lots of water to remove product. Hands looked soft, clean and a tiny bit younger. What was a surpise was my neck. I had red blotches on both sides of neck and they were GONE! Very pleased.I started on my face. I am a 56 yr old woman with all the normal issues. I have not excatly taken care of my skin. Sun damage, open pores white heads on nose, tiny scars on cheeks from acne. Pain was a 1 out of 10 and left it on 8 minutes. Skin softer, pores very clean and smaller. Sun spots were very red but I expected that. Used moisturize and waited. Skin was tighter for sure. After about an hour, I noticed sun spots had calmed down and a few had faded. Not much mind you but I was happy. I will continue to use product and I do expect changes. Be careful if you have never had chemical peels!! Start slow.
This is a very gentle peel. It has smoothed out my skin. I haven't seen a great reduction in brown spots or wrinkles yet. I am using it once per week on face & neck.
I started by diluting this solution with 50% water. I am still having some peeling 1 week later. The peel was not painful, but my skin was red afterwards, and I did feel some tingling. I am going to do another peel after my skin stops peeling; then, I may try to increase the concentration. I have very sensitive pale skin, so I have to be very careful about what I put on my face. It is completely accurate that one person could use this product full strength the first time and be fine, but I am SO glad that I diluted it 50%. I'm sure if I had used it full strength that I would have had negative results. I would suggest beginners try diluting it first, then increase concentrations to whatever works best for your skin. Be careful and enjoy the results!
I love this stuff -- I use it every few days, and have noticed a big change in my skin in about 2 weeks. I follow it with the La Prairie Firming Mask, and then the Dermagenics Collagen Recovery.
My husband and I have gotten many peels from the dermatologist do we bought this to try at home. It works well but needs to be left on much longer than the package states. I've not had an issue with dry or peeling skin and I have very sensitive skin. I think we will try the stronger solution next time.
I'm very happy with the results I'm getting using this stuff. I'll be 42 in a few months. I was looking for something to help with the wrinkles I've started getting this past year. I was excited to find out that I can give myself a professional chemical peel at home. I can't afford the spa prices or go to a dermatologist. :(After seeing so many great reviews for this product, especially from those who HAVE paid spa or dermatologist prices and said that the quality is the same, I decided to go ahead and try it.I've begun getting smokers wrinkles and that was my primary purpose in trying out this stuff. They are diminished greatly. One of them is actually gone after just 4 treatments. But it's the overall appearance of my skin that I wasn't expecting. It positively glows! The tone is even, acne scars are greatly reduced, less blemishes. I've gotten lots of comments on how good my skin looks, even from men who never notice ANYTHING! It looks so good that I don't even need to wear foundation anymore! WOW!I have followed the directions to a 'T' to get these results.I've been using 100% pure hyaluronic acid serum to neutralize that I bought at Amazon as well.To be fair, I have also started using a few other things. I've basically change my entire skin care regimen.Since this review is for the acid peel, I won't talk about what all those changes are that have given my such great results. If anyone would like to know what I've been doing, please leave a comment asking about that. 🙂
It took me a while to take the plunge in trying this product out, but I'm glad I did. Read the instructions carefully to understand the process. Then do what works best for you. For me, I cleanse my face on Sunday morning, followed by applying this product with a cotton ball (start at forehead, then work down). I set the timer on the microwave for 7 minutes (8 minutes is max and I take this into account by adding "apply" time with cotton ball). Once the timer goes off, I wash thoroughly with lukewarm water, pat dry, and apply my moisturizer for the day. My skin literally feels and looks better, and I look forward to this routine every weekend!
I purchased this product several months ago.I used it 2x per week and put some in my night creme like Olay has.I am so impressed with the results! I have had 3 friends purchse this as a result!Many people said what are you using on your face it looks amazing. Even a compliment from my Mother who never gives compliments. She said, omg your skin looks great you look younger what sre you using? She too has since purchased!My skin has a glow as it did in my 20's, I am 43. I too cannot believe the difference. My skin does look younger and glowing. Did not do anything for the one liver spot on the side of my face. I am going to now try the 50%. This product is so worth the money, cheap when comparedto what some will spend without such results! I am now a lifer with these peels! No down time as there is no notable peeling. I have looked at other sellers who give several samples of their produts wih purchse of the peel. That would be great too because you would also be marketing other produts that go hand in hand to make the peel more effective as the other companies are doing! Just a suggestion! Cant wait to order the 50%. I am told to not do peels in the summer as it will cause age spots per my doctor.I used rubbing alchol to prep my skin before peel. REMEMBER, use at least a 50 sun block after.
I only brought this peel because of the views. I don't know if it was strong enough for my face used it over 3 weeks now and I haven't seen nothing change. It gives me a tingling feeling but that's it. I kept it on for the whole 8 mins and no diffrence. Will not by again
I'm young and decided to get this product in order to get rid of all my acne scars and dark marks on my cheeks from previous years of horrible acne. I had read from other reviews that you'd feel a stinging while using the peel. While using it, it did stin
I have used lots of glycolics, tried this one since I am on a budget. It is okay.Does the trick, but it really is worth it to spend the extra dollars for better professional grade products
I've only used this product a couple of times. Each time I've used it I've noticed that my face is less oily. I still have some acne scars, but I think I just have to continue using it to see the full results. I used the product as directed in the packagi
I'm a 40-something white guy...large pores run in my family. I stay out of the sun but in the last year my face has gotten craggier with some fine lines. I've used real retin-a with good results but eventually all it did was make by face red and cause it to flake.So I've only used this product 3 times but it really does make a difference. Pores and lines are reduced and my face has a nice smooth tone to it. Naysayers claim that acid peels simply irritate the face causing mild inflammation which reduces lines. But Glycolic acid is said to penetrate the cell wall easily and actually promote collagen...if this is true then this stuff is pure gold.Fun to use too...as the stinging lets you know there's an immediate effect. I use a q-tip to spread it quickly across my face. I follow with a high quality moisturizer to hydrate. TIP: wash your face but don't used heavy soaps beforehand as they are alkali and neutralize the product.
I bought this on a whim because I had a strange looking brown mole that was growing under my left eye. I got a quote of $500 from a plastic surgeon for him to use a laser beam to try and minimize its appearance. I decided to use a peel first myself, to see if it would possibly help me avoid the laser surgery. It took a little less than 2 weeks, dabbing the mole twice daily with this professional peel, leaving it on for 5 to 10 minutes, and then gently removing the residue with an aloe baby wipe, and then like magic the entire thing peeled off, leaving nice normal looking new skin underneath. To say that I was amazed and delighted is an understatement. Never ever thought a mole could just peel away!!! Try this product if you have some ugly imperfections forming on your skin you want to get rid of naturally. Of course if you suspect skin cancer you really should get such a lesion checked out first by a medical professional.
I have been using this solution for about 2 months on my face once a week and leave it on for 10 min. I get a slight stinging sensation which goes away after it`s washed off. It has not diminished the appearance of any old depressed acne scaring (I have a few). Neither has it lightened a small area of melasma on my forehead. It generally just leaves my skin feeling ultra "clean" and the pores look a bit smaller and the next day my skin is slightly softer with a noticeably improved texture.I thought if I left it on longer, i`d get a better result, so I tested it, and left in on for about an hour on the back of my hands just to see what it would do. After I washed it off, my hands looked about 20 years younger. Once you hit a certain age, you realize that your face isn`t the only part that shows visible signs of aging and when you have to look at your hands all day long everyday with age spots glaring back at you, it`s somewhat depressing. I had one IPL laser treatment for rejuventation of the hands about 2 years ago which cost 150 dollars ( which I really recommend) but i`ve found that this glycolic acid used repeatedly gives you about the same result over time. So I do this routine on my hands once a week now, and it has resulted in a clearer, translucent even looking skin tone, and the new "sun spots" are even fading. The constant exfoliation keeps my hands from ever looking dry, too, so I don`t even have to wear hand cream anymore. Nice, safe product- fast delivery. Will definitely repurchase.
The peel has added to the bottom-line of my business, my clients love it. The vendor provided prompt service and shipping. Though this review is delayed it in no way diminishes my appreciation of the product or service; sometimes life gets in the way.
I am a 31 year old woman, that did not start breaking out until my 20's. I have literally tried every cream, lotion, and oral pill through my dermatologist. I have very sensitive skin, so many products actually make my skin worse. I read the great reviews on this and thought I would try it. The first time I used it, my skin was so soft afterwards. I didn't notice much change scar and acne wise. I have been using it for about a month and a half once a week, and still don't see much change. I am able to keep it on now for 5-8 minutes, and have even tried using it as spot treatment, but i am not really getting the results I hoped for:(
I have tried a couple different products to get rid of or lighten the dark skin above my lip with no success. I ordered this product not really expecting it to work. I have only used it twice and the dark skin above my lip is almost gone! There is quite a bit of a burning sensation and leaves the skin a bit sensitive for a few hours but it has been well worth it! It does exactly what it says it does, it peels the top of the skin off to remove the dark areas you're wanting to get rid of! Love this stuff!!
I love this stuff, and first when I applied the salicylic acid it stingled a little, but other than that thing when fine. I had a couple of pimples and this morning when I woke up they where all dried up.??


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I dug a big hole, filled it with fresh compost from our back-yard compost bin, watered the hole, and then made room for the plant's roots to spread out before watering again, and finally filling in the top of the hole with the dirt I dug out. It went from perky to flat overnight, and I wondered if I had killed it.
(Photo: transplanted Italian rustic arugula (flat, in the center of the photo), in among some kale, lavender, and strawberries right by our back garage door)
However, I faithfully kept the soil moist in between rains (not soaked). It took a week to become perky again. It must have finally decided that it likes its new home, and this is now what it looks like, just standing straight up, each leaf reaching for the sun, and downright spicy when I pick a leaf to sample. This variety is supposed to be cold tolerant, so I am hoping that having it right by my house, on the south side, in a little warmish micro-climate, will help it winter over so I can dig it up to take to its new home on our farm next spring and then just let it spread by seed popping, just like my friend's had (she had no trouble finding me a new volunteer start to dig up to share!).
Where kale (and other brassica vegetables) are more than decoration on my plate!
Diana Dyer, MS, RD


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Thursday January 23, 2020; 02:17 pm EST
Thanks to my garden, we eat fresh and well all year long
This year's fall vegetable garden has been a success.
From seeds I planted in mid-July, I harvested three pickings of peas as well as two pickings of Crocket snap beans, the best variety I've tried yet. Crocket pods are round like a pencil, dark green and grow six or seven inches long. They are sweet and crisp and freeze well. For years I had grown Contender, but I have become a true believer in Crocket. I planted some in the spring and made several harvests, but the fall crop was even better.
The kale and the collards have been outstanding. This year I tried the Siberian kale, which I now prefer over curly kale. The Siberian is guaranteed to produce all winter long into spring. Some of the Brussel's sprouts will be ready for Thanksgiving, and nearly all the crop will be ready for harvest by Christmas.
The lettuce crop has been exceptional. Butter crunch, Great Lakes and Red Chief are all performing well. The cool weather has made the Red Chief exceptionally red, making for a colorful salad.
The first batch of spinach drowned from too much rain, but the second batch is growing well with some of the plants to be harvested for Thanksgiving dinner.
Even Kids Will
The carrot crop has also been exceptional. Now that the soil is cooling down, the carrots are sweet and extra crunchy. We are digging them from the garden as needed.
I have a garden full of dill greens, and there is nothing like fresh dill on mashed or boiled potatoes or on stewed tomatoes. Just before we get a hard freeze, I will dig and pot up a few dill plants for the greenhouse for fresh dill through mid winter.
This year I tried growing a sweet pepper called Sweet Giant Red. It's an old banana-type variety that turns red just as it begins to mature. It is a heavy yielder of excellent flavor. By the time of the first hard frost, the plants were four feet tall and still producing heavily. I have never grown a sweet pepper that produces such high yields, though it is not good for stuffing. Since it comes true from seed, I plant on planting more next spring.
My only crop failures were cauliflower, Chinese cabbage and beets. The prolonged heavy rains caused all of these crops to rot in my heavy soil.
The heavy and prolonged rain delayed the cabbage, broccoli and kohlrabi, but I have started harvesting cabbage and will start harvesting broccoli and kohlrabi.
I've seeded the now-vacant areas in the garden with winter rye to incorporate into the soil next spring, two weeks or more before planting.
With winter on the way, most of our fresh vegetables will come from our cold frame, which I've planted in radishes and walking onions. As soon as the radishes are harvested, the winter spinach crop will be transplanted in.
In our climate, as long as you work at your garden, it will feed you.


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We live in the same world and examine the same facts, but we have different views about the past. Why?
No results found in Created Creature.
Now's your chance to answer every question you ever had about cavemen! This issue is chock full of the latest information about Neanderthals, Homo erectus, "the Hobbit," and other media stars. Were they like us? How did they die? Also learn about the wonders of the sun, creatures that glow in the dark, and the reason all Hebrew scholars agree that Genesis 1 says creation was six literal 24-hour days!Browse Issue Subscribe
Answers in Genesis is an apologetics ministry, dedicated to helping Christians defend their faith and proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ.


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Jon Jasper at Observation Point in Zion National Park in southern Utah. The photo has the great view of Angel's Landing below, Cable Mountain, and main Zion Canyon.
For more photos, check out JonJasper.com
Many panoramas of Zion National Park's trails, views, canyons, and peaks. Zion National Park is known for it large exposure of the Navajo sandstone's steep red walled cliffs and world classic canyons and canyoneering routes.


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|EPM Scientific
US-IL, C++ Software Developer/Engineer – Medical Device 452431264303-MZ
|C++ Software Developer/Engineer – Medical Device
Leading Pharmaceutical Company
Chicago, Illinois
Circa $125,000 - $155,000 plus bonus and benefits
Key Skills: C/C++, Java; realtime and PC operating systems, embedded and PC based software (GUI Design)
A leading pharmaceutical powerhouse is seeking a dynamic, innovative C++ Developer to contribute toward the success of their technology initiatives on one of their flagship product launches. This role will give you the ultimate opportunity to get involved with big data within the medical device/combination product. This company offers an exciting challenge, competitive compensation, excellent job security, and after another successful year, is in another healthy, expansive growth phase. This is an opportune time to join this exciting company which will provide you with access to new ground breaking technologies.
Preferred Skills/Experience
Extensive experience in:
The world of Combination Products and Medical Device continues to grow and this role offers a huge opportunity to join an expanding team within an established firm. Resumes are being considered at a first come first serve basis, and interviews are already being conducted.
Please visit our website at www.epmscientific.com


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For Immediate Release
Contact: Michelle Jeffers
(415) 557-4282; firstname.lastname@example.com
Katie Ambellan
(415) 626-7512 ext: 123; email@example.com
July 12, 2012
**Photos available upon request**
A Cornucopia of Stylish Events Awaits Poets and Their Admirers throughout the Weekend
Add Another Stamp to Your Poetry Passport this July 26-29th, 2012
San Francisco, CA—Celebrate the creative spirit at the third San Francisco International Poetry Festival, July 26—29, 2012. Presented by Friends of the San Francisco Public Library, the Mayor's Office of Protocol, the San Francisco Public Library and Emeritus San Francisco Poet Laureate Jack Hirschman, the landmark event brings more than 18 poets from all around the world to San Francisco for free and open-to-the-public poetry and music.
The four-day poetry extravaganza begins on Thursday, July 26, 2012 with a kick-off party hosted by Jack Hirschman, legendary Beat poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti and City Library Luis Herrera at Kerouac Alley in North Beach. The party features an introduction of participating poets and performances and readings by former Modern Lovers musician Jonathan Richman, former San Francisco Supervisor Matt Gonzales and more.
Additional Festivities include:
- Friday lunch-time poetry reading in the Civic Center Plaza
- Outdoor poetry & performances on Saturday in Civic Center Plaza
- Poetry Crawl in North Beach
- Youth poetry, Translation Workshops, Beat poetry lectures and more.
The San Francisco International Poetry Festival boasts a truly international group of poets from Iraq to Columbia. The festival honors our City's great poetic legacy and encourages cross-cultural dialogue.
For more information and a complete schedule of events, visit SFIPF.org.
Check out the lineup of wonderful poets appearing at this year's festival:
Amiri Baraka (USA)
Antoine Cassar (Malta)
Sasha Pimentel Chacon (Philippines)
Neeli Cherkovski (USA)
Carla Badillo Coronado (Ecuador)
Agneta Falk (Sweden/USA)
Lawrence Ferlinghetti (USA)
Heinz D. Heisl (Austria)
Jane Hirshfield (USA)
Jack Hirschman (USA)
Yahia Lababidi (Egypt)
Dunya Mikhail (Iraq)
Alejandro Murguia (USA/Mexico)
Sandro Sardella (Italy)
Joachim Sartorius (Germany)
Matt Sedillo (USA)
Marie Silkeberg (Sweden)
Antonieta Villamil (Columbia)
CALENDAR EDITORS: International Poetry Festival Schedule
Thursday, July 26th
7:00—9:00 p.m.
Kerouac Alley, North Beach district
Official Kick-Off Party, hosted by Jack Hirschman, Lawrence Ferlinghetti and City Librarian Luis Herrera. Introduction of festival poets and jazz concert, featuring Neeli Cherkovski, Matt Gonzalez and Jonathan Richman (Modern Lovers musician) and a special appearance by the Magnetic Poets.
Friday, July 27th
Noon—1:30 p.m.
Civic Center Plaza
Main poetry readings by Jack Hirschman, Antonie Cassar, Matt Gonzales, Agneta Falk and Alejandro Murguia.
1:45—4:30 p.m.
Main Library, Koret Auditorium
Main poetry readings by Joachim Sartorius, Scott Thompson, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Antonieta Villamil, Barbara Paschke, Jane Hirshfield, Dunya Mikhail and Kareem James Abdul-Zeid.
Book Sales/Signings at Readers Bookstore at the Main (30 Grove St. Main Library).
Saturday, July 28th
Noon—5:00 p.m.
Civic Center Plaza
Main poetry readings by Jack Hirschman, Yahia Lababidi, Marie Silkeberg, Agneta Falk, Matt Sedillo, Sandro Sardella, Bobby Coleman, Sasha Pimentel Chacon, Ataol Behramoglu, Mark Kockinos, Heinz Heisl, Scott Thompson, Carla Badillo Coronado, Jessica Loos and Amiri Baraka.
Book Sales/Signings at Readers Bookstore at the Main (30 Grove St. Main Library).
Sunday, July 29th
North Beach Poetry Crawl
11:00 a.m.—12:30 p.m.
Emerald Tablet (80 Fresno St. @ Columbus Ave.)
Poetry readings from Amiri Baraka (USA), Sandro Sardella (Italy) and Aggie Falk (Sweden/USA).
1:00—2:30 p.m.
Emerald Tablet (80 Fresno St. @ Columbus Ave.)
Poetry readings from Dunya Mikhail (Iraq), Yahia Lababidi (Egypt), Joachim Sartorius (Germany) and Sasha Pimentel Chacon (Philippines).
2:00—3:30 p.m.
Live Worms Gallery (1345 Grant Ave. @ Green St.)
Beat Poetry Lecture, featuring Gerd Holzheimer. Sponsored by the Goethe Institut.
3:00—4:30 p.m.
Emerald Tablet (80 Fresno St. @ Columbus Ave.)
Translation Workshop and panel moderated by Judy Bernhard, featuring translation specialists and authors including, John Curl and more.
4:00—5:15 p.m.
Kerouac Alley, North Beach district
Poetry readings from Carla Badillo Coronado (Ecuador), Heinz D. Heisl (Austria) and Alejandro Murguia (USA/Mexico).
5:30—6:45 p.m.
Emerald Tablet (80 Fresno St. @ Columbus Ave.)
Poetry readings from Marie Silkeberg (Sweden), Antoine Cassar (Malta) and Matt Sedillo (USA).
5:30—7:00 p.m.
Kerouac Alley, North Beach district
Poetry readings from Antonieta Villamil (Columbia) and the Revolutionary Poets Brigade.
7:00—8:00 p.m.
Kerouac Alley, North Beach district
Closing celebration featuring all participating poets.
**Please note: Schedule is subject to change. Please call 415-626-7500 or check the website, SFIPF.org to confirm dates and times.


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Hello, I have just done a program in Java that reads from a file, stores the values and the prints them, though I have a small problem.
public class Read { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { File testFile = new File("me.txt"); Scanner scan = new Scanner(testFile); String name; int phone; name = scan.nextLine(); phone = scan.nextInt(); System.out.println("Name: " + name); System.out.println("Phone: " + phone); scan.close(); } }
I get the error:
Exception in thread "main" java.util.InputMismatchException: For input string: "07983857686" at java.util.Scanner.nextInt(Unknown Source) at java.util.Scanner.nextInt(Unknown Source) at week3.ReadMe.main(ReadMe.java:28)
If I change the phone number from int to String it works, though I wan't to know why? The phone numbers is made up of only numbers, so It must be due to the 0 in front?


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We all know how unpredictable Minnesota weather is, we think it's safe to say that spring is finally here! For most people, this marks that it is time for that daunting but much needed task: spring cleaning. Though it can be very tiresome, spring cleaning gives you an opportunity to throw open the windows, let some fresh air in, and make your home clean, happy and spacious inside and out again. What most people don't realize, though, is that spring can also be a great time to tidy up your finances. Spring cleaning your finances is a bit like going to the dentist – we don't particularly like to do it and should probably do it more often. However, the more regularly you do it, the less chance there is of a painful surprise.
One way to do this is to get rid of clutter. Just as you do around the house, spring is a good time to go through your finances and toss out things that no longer fit your life, such as a cable or magazine subscription. Another way to reduce the clutter is to sweep away those winter bills. If those holiday bills are still haunting you, this is a good time to get rid of them. Some great ways to make some extra money is to plan a garage sale, sell stuff online or even volunteer for overtime at work.
Another great way to spring clean those finances is to begin organizing for next year's taxes. Create a folder, paper or on your computer, to hold all valuable information including all of the charitable deductions you make throughout the year. The same can be done with your spending. By keeping track of every penny, it will give you some perspective on how much money you can or can't spend at any given time.
Spring time, especially in Minnesota, is a time of renewal and rejuvenation. It is a time to clear out the old and prepare for the year ahead. By spring cleaning your finances, you can weed out finances holding you down, organize your present situation and set yourself up for an easier, more relaxing future. Enjoy your spring everyone!
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I love going to Chicago each October for the Club Industry show. It's just a great time to meet up with people that I talk to on the phone but don't get to see in person. I'm trying to schedule some time to meet with some of these people this year, but honestly, my schedule is getting so full that I'm not sure I'm even going to have time to get something to eat most days.
Club Industry 2007 Conference and Exposition is occurring Oct. 10-13 at McCormick Place Convention Center in Chicago. Beyond meeting with the people I talk to on the phone, I'm most excited about our Lifetime Achievement Award presentation to Alan Schwartz, founder of TCA (11:30 a.m. on Thursday, Oct. 11 in room N227b) and our Best of the Best presentation (2 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. on Friday, Oct. 12 in room N226). This week, I'm getting the introductions ready for both events, and I should be receiving the presentations from the Best of the Best winners today and tomorrow. I know they've put a lot of effort into their presentations so I'm excited to be at the awards seminar (sponsored by SportsArt Fitness) as they share with attendees the details about their award-winning programs.
I hope you can join us at the show, but if you cannot, please come back to the blog from Oct. 10-13 to see what seminars, exhibitors and events we've attended. We'll be blogging about as many of them as we can. --Pam


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J.D. Power has been based in Singapore since 1997, first serving India and then China. Today, the company surveys approximately half a million consumers in the region annually and produces over 50 syndicated products across eleven markets: Australia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, the U.A.E. and Vietnam. J.D. Power also conducts proprietary work in Brunei, Korea, and Sri Lanka
J.D Power Corporate History
In 1968, J.D. "Dave" Power III established J.D. Power from his kitchen table, with a primary focus in the automotive industry. Since then, we have successfully influenced the everyday lives of consumers and industries worldwide by delivering insights to drive improvement in our clients' products and services. We have expanded operations to include offices throughout North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. Here is a timeline of our key milestones through our decades of success:
- April 1, 1968: Dave Power and his wife Julie start the firm from the kitchen table in their Calabasas, Calif., home.
- Feb. 7, 1969: J.D. Power and Associates incorporates.
- 1969: J.D. Power enters the auto market with its first client Toyota Motor Company.
- 1969: Additional J.D. Power clients include: McCulloch Corporation, Ampex Consumer Products Group, U.S. Borax, Carnation, Toyota and MSI Data Systems.
- 1973: The Wall Street Journal reports Mazda's Wankel engine problems, based on data from one of the first J.D. Power independently funded surveys. The firm gains national prominence for its voice of the customer data.
- 1976: The Dealer Attitude Study (DAS) launches. The DAS gave the firm credibility on retail and distributor issues and established a strong rapport with auto dealers. The DAS preceded the National Automobile Dealers Association's own Dealer Attitude Study.
- 1980's: Publications debut--Automotive Consumer Profile Newsletter, Power Newsletter and The Power Report.
- 1981: U.S. Automotive Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) Study launches. The new study is the cornerstone of the firm's plan to expand to include independently funded syndicated studies within the auto industry.
- January 22, 1984: Subaru became the first automaker to advertise its J.D. Power rankings by running a commercial during Super Bowl XVIII. Since then, more than 200,000 television commercials and more than 2 billion print ad impressions refer to J.D. Power awards annually.
- 1987: International Automotive Roundtable and SuperDealer Roundtables meet for the first time.
- 1987: U.S. Automotive Initial Quality Study (IQS) and U.S. Automotive Media Study debut.
- 1988: Joint venture in Japan is established and later becomes a wholly owned subsidiary responsible for business in Asia Pacific
- 1989: The first automotive syndicated study trophy award was issued by J.D. Power. Acura ranked highest in the 1989 U.S. Automotive Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) Study.
- 1989: The first regional office opens in Troy, Michigan led by Steve Goodall.
- 1990: Power Information Network (PIN) launches. PIN is a unique, nationwide data collection system based on the gathering and analysis of daily new-vehicle retail transaction data from automotive dealerships across the United States.
- 1992: Travel practice area is established.
- 1992: J.D. Power III receives a Distinguished Service Citation from the Automotive Hall of Fame.
- 1994: J.D. Power's rapid international expansion, led by J.D. Power IV, begins in Toronto, Canada.
- 1995: The firm's first European location opens in the UK.
- 1995: Telecom practice area is established.
- 1996: Stephen C. Goodall named President.
- 1997: Homebuilder practice area is established.
- 1999: JDPower.com is launched: Power Circle Ratings bring syndicated study highlights directly to consumers without charge.
- 1999: An office in Singapore was opened to broaden J.D. Power Asia Pacific's activities in Asia.
- 2000: J.D. Power announces its joint venture in Australia.
- 2000: First syndicated study launches in China.
- 2001: Healthcare practice area is established.
- 2002: J.D. Power moves to current headquarters in Westlake Village, Calif.
- 2004: Expansion continues in Europe with an office opening in Munich, Germany.
- 2005: Business in Asia continues to grow as JDPA opens offices in Shanghai, China.
- 2005: J.D. Power is acquired by The McGraw-Hill Companies on April 1.
- 2006: J.D. Power acquires Automotive Resources Asia, which specializes in Asia's vehicle markets to continue to expand presences in Asia.
- 2006: Retail Banking practice area is established.
- 2006: The first J.D. Power book, "SATISFACTION: How Every Great Company Listens To the Voice of the Customer," written by J.D. Power IV and Chris Denove, is published.
- 2008: Acquisition of a marketing intelligence technology company specializing in social media and consumer-generated media research.
- 2009: Finbarr O'Neill named President.
- 2010: J.D. Power expands to South America and Central America with regional locations in Sao Paulo, Brazil and Mexico City, Mexico.
- 2013: The McGraw-Hill Companies changes its name to McGraw Hill Financial, to more closely identify the Company with the credit ratings, benchmarks, and analytics it provides to global capital and commodity markets.
- 2016: XIO Group, a global alternative investments firm headquartered in London, completes the acquisition of J.D. Power and Associates
- 2018: Dave Habiger is appointed President and CEO of J.D. Power