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This giveaway has ended and is closed to new entries.
A couple of weeks ago, I made my first batch of strawberry jam (from the organic strawberries we'd picked at a local farm) and tried my hand at canning for the first time as well. It was a lot of fun, but also a very time-consuming task as I learned the ropes. I decided to write up a how to guide with pictures up the wazoo to hopefully help someone else with their first foray into jam-making and canning. I think pictures would have helped me a lot.
I know some people are firmly against it, but I decided to use pectin in my jam, though not just any pectin. I found Pomona's Pectin at the farm where we picked our fruit. Pomona's is a natural pectin made from 100% pure citrus. Its jelling power is activated by calcium, not by sugar content, which allows you to make low-sugar or even no-sugar jam*. For my batch of strawberry jam, I used only 3/4 cup of honey as a sweetener. For the batch of peach jam I made, I used 3/4 cup of agave nectar. I thought it was fabulous to avoid the usual 5 or 6 cups of sugar required to make jam. (My kids don't need all of that!) Oh, and both taste amazing!
Please note: The step-by-step guide below is for making jam with Pomona's Pectin. If you have another brand of pectin or are making jam without pectin, this guide to making jam will not work for you. However, the process of canning should still be the same. 🙂
How to make strawberry jam with Pomona's Pectin:
Get out all of your delicious organic strawberries:
Wash and hull the strawberries:
While you work on making the jam, wash jars/lids in soapy water, then sterilize them in boiling water. The rack I had to put the jars in was too big for the size jars I was using, so I put two cookie racks on the bottom of my pot which kept the jars up off the bottom of the pot:
Mash the strawberries (Cute helpers optional):
Measure out 4 cups of mashed strawberries:
Measure and add 2 teaspoons calcium water (included with Pomona's Pectin) into the strawberries:
Measure out 1/2 cup to 1 cup honey (or agave nectar) or 3/4 cup to 2 cups sugar. Put in small bowl:
Add and mix 2 teaspoons Pomona's Pectin powder into the honey, agave or sugar:
Pour strawberries into pot. Add the honey/agave/sugar/pectin mixture to the strawberries:
Bring to a boil and stir vigorously for 1 to 2 minutes to dissolve pectin. Return to a boil and remove from heat.:
Remove hot jar and lid from boiling water. Carefully fill jar to 1/4 inch of top. Use a funnel if you have one. (I didn't at the time, but I do now.):
Wipe the rim of the jar clean:
Place lid on jar and screw ring on until finger-tip tight:
Using tongs, place the jar into the canning bath. Repeat until all jars have been filled and placed into canning bath. About an inch of water should cover the jars:
Boil 5 minutes (add 1 minute for every 1,000 feet above sea level). (I believe the amount of time varies for each recipe.)
Using your tongs, remove the jars from the water:
Let jars cool completely for several hours. As they cool, the lids will suck down and you will probably hear a popping sound as the vacuum seal forms. Pop!
Once the jars are completely cooled (several hours), unscrew the ring and lightly pull on the lid to check the seal. Any jars not sealed will need to be reprocessed or refrigerated and consumed first.
Admire your finished product. Makes 4-5 cups jam:
Win It!
No, I'm not giving away a jar of my jam, but I am offering you a chance to make your own! Leave me a comment telling me what kind of jam you like best and you will be entered for a chance to win a box of Pomona's Pectin. The deadline to enter is Friday, Sept. 19. The winner will be chosen using Random.org and notified via email, so make sure you leave a valid email address or a link to your blog where I can reach you. Good luck!
Pomona's Pectin is generally available at health food stores, food co-ops or farm stands. If you can't locate it locally, you can purchase it online. They also have a JAMLINE for questions or assistance with converting recipes. (Doesn't that rock?) And their boxes are made from recycled cardboard and the paper the recipes are printed on is recycled as well.
* From Pomona's site: "Some other possible sweeteners are honey, fructose, sucanat, concentrated fruit sweetener, maple syrup, agave nectar, frozen juice concentrate, stevia, xylitol, Splenda and other artificial sweeteners."


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You are important to the world.
You are unique puzzle peace.
Your thoughts merge millions of others,
forming ideal solution. This is TRYNE.
TRYNE is open social instrument, that is:
- to develop and make effective decisions
- designed for thousands of people to work at one question synergetically
- available to everyone
- protected against manipulations and interventions
- non-profit, doesn't belong to any groups
Such a tool does not currently exist. TRYNE project is a social initiative to create and promote it. Humanity has internet, servers, personal devices and the will of changes. We have a vision and a prototype that is undergoing the first tests. The future starts today. Read more at http://tryne.org
Please, help to make this message public.
What is the difference between this, and the human brain as such a tool (otherwise purported not to exist)?
Why can't the human brain develop and make effective decisions?
edit: I downloaded your source code and checked it out. It seems to be a simple public-use question/answer app. You have put a lot of woowoo (hi, Mr. Shermer!) on top of it, with fancy action graphs and all kinds of fancy words, and I don't understand why. Also your personal comments (e.g. http://maxd.tryne.org/2012/02/why-i-do-tryne.html I also posted a comment there) suggest some kind of personal mania. For example "It's such a pain to live with the knowledge that inside my head is the key to the new world, to the mankind freedom – and I still do nothing"
If this is true, you are humanity's savior, one out of billions. Otherwise, if you are just another dude with a bunch of ideas, then it is false.
Of course, in some trivial way we all have a key to the new world. But aggrandized claims are not an honest way to go about helping others. Good luck either way.
Phil, thank you for deep review. Its extremely valuable for me.
What is the difference between this, and the human brain as such a tool (otherwise purported not to exist)?
Sure, human brain is the best tool for decisions so far. But people tend to make decision collectively, even invented democracy for that. But the problem is, that the more people we get involved, the harder is to make a decision. Debates and shouting in real life, flood and offtopic in Internet. Thats why small groups are to make decisions, thats why the mankind stay separated in general.
But imagine, that there is a tool, that gives us a power to discuss, solve and make decision of some problem all together, with thousands of people involved collaborating effectively. Nearly every aspect of our life can benefit much of fast and effective decisions.
I claim, that mankind is technically ready to create such a tool. It's strange, that we are not creating it. I just say: "Lets try to make it, all together!" - and put the first brick.
It seems to be a simple public-use question/answer app.
By the way, you can check it working here - http://proto.tryne.org/
Sure, its similar to Answer-sites, but what happens to them if people submit thousand answers to one question? Or some question turns to be too hard for a person or small group?
P.S. Sure, some of my words may look like mania, but thats ok for everything unusual. By the way, I was telling about my feelings at that abstract, thats all.
I agree with your observations that society is full of noise (pop culture, etc)
But I'm not exactly sure how the tryne tool avoids this chaos. In particular, I'm not sure what differences it has from other similar tools, such as yahoo answers, stack overflow, etc.
Another question I have is, exactly what do you mean by "decision"? Most of our day to day decisions are trivial so I don't think this tool applies; therefore, exactly what decisions are we talking about here?
Personally, I believe the best way to avoid flooding, arguments, etc (for me debates are not about winning; debates are about learning) is to create an exclusive community which selects its members. I'm part of one such community (for video gaming, of all things) and it is day and night compared to the public video game servers out there, which exist as a direct byproduct of their public nature, just like tryne apparently is.
Every day someone makes a decisions about us…
- How to teach our children?
- How many taxes should we pay?
- What products should we eat?
- How our money will be spent?
... and so on. Sure, this are political questions, but there are a lot of them, shaping our lives day by day.
We used to solve such a questions via "exclusive community", delegating the right to decide to some group of experts / politics / scientists whatever. We don't trust them really. We don't feel happy with their decisions.
What sort of the community do you participate? Is it private server with invitations?
"How many taxes" and "How our money" seem to be a related question of global economy. The question then becomes - why should the current directors of global economy (filthy rich dudes) care about the decisions reached by tryne?
The other questions are perhaps more applicable, but again its the same question. Why should the masses who are mis-educating their children and eating at mcdonalds every day care about the decisions reached by tryne?
(I play with shacktac, and I also play in the small quakeworld community which wasn't what I originally thought of as a closed community, but now thinking about it, I guess it qualifies as well; although strictly speaking it is open but small. The former is the premiere example for me, though)
Sorry, got some problems reflashing my WiFi router :-)
Why should the masses who are mis-educating their children and eating at mcdonalds every day care about the decisions reached by tryne?
It's a matter of proven decision quality and confidence. Sure, it will not appear at once. Time passes and people see, that decisions from TRYNE are fundamentally better and independent. They start to take part in TRYNE processes, because its more meaningful, then click likes at social networks. They believe more with each decision.
As the time goes, people will count the TRYNE decisions as legitimate opinion of majority. Its like democracy without delegating everything to some chosen people and other downsides. Filthy rich dudes will face not limb mass, but solid multi-million team, that is dramatically smarter then all their groups, analytics and consultants.
Or maybe that's just beautiful fantasies. Worth trying anyway :-)
I play with shacktac
I have taken a look, really great idea. Then you know, what does the good team mean… There are some natural matters, that limit size of effective team. Imagine, that this reasons are gone and we can make teams with infinite members number, with infinite addictive power. We don't need to split ourselves anymore.
We don't need to split ourselves anymore.
That's another thing I think is fundamentally incorrect. Sure, it would be great theoretically if we could all be an interconnected mutually beneficial hive mind.
But it seems much more evident that instead of a hive mind, our society has evolved to be maximally efficient in clumps of a hundred people or so. Sure America is 300,000,000 or whatever the number is, but it is nonsensical and irrational to truly identify with more than about a 100 people.
One the one hand I can honestly say that philosophically I am beyond national boundaries, and that I am part of one human race, however many billions of us there are. On the other hand, I can't escape the fact that most of the people I meet I will not like, appreciate, and/or respect, and only within a clump of 10, 50, 100, maybe 200 tops, can I ever be a candid and fully integrated part. If the clump starts to become 1000, or 10000, or 300,000,000, then I will not be an integrated part, and I will create mental and physical barriers between myself and that clump, and if I don't I will be taken advantage of and naturally selected against.
So it looks like you are trying to go beyond this (natural) limit. Good luck!
Phil, you are right. I'd say even more, the limit of ~100 is quite theoretical too. Average person has around 5 really close friends. Teams with more then 5-6 people start involuntarily to divide itself into parts.
These limits are shaping the society today. But there is another way to consolidate, when the whole group is moving with the speed of the fastest members, when weak ones doesn't harm the process, but still do some tiny contribution. Why neglect them?

subset: commoncrawl


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Click here for The Local's Book Festival supplement
Third annual book festival offers a variety of treats
by Ken Horner
Many have said that books are food for the mind, and if you are a hungry resident of Chestnut Hill, fear not, because there will be plenty of sustenance to go around early next month.
On July 9 and 10, Chestnut Hill will play host to the Third Annual Chestnut Hill Book Festival, sponsored by the Chestnut Hill Business Association, Valley Green Bank and the New York Times.
What started as an idea in the mind of Greg Welsh, owner of the Chestnut Grill, president of the Chestnut Hill Business Association and avid reader, the Book Festival's success over the past two years has built its reputation as an excellent event for the residents of the area.
For Kate O'Neill, program director of the Chestnut Hill Business Association, the success of the Book Festival has mainly been founded upon one thing.
"It's all about the authors," she said.
And if what you're salivating for is author appearances, don't worry, because this year's installment promises more of the same.
The two days will feature readings and appearances by 36 locally and nationally recognized authors from all genres.
The long list of authors includes George Anastasia, veteran Philadelphia Inquirer crime reporter; Dr. James Zogby, Middle East expert and president of the Arab American Institute; Dr. Arthur Caplan, University of Pennsylvania Professor and bio-ethicist; Michael Capuzzo, New York Times bestselling-author, and Lorene Cary, the critically acclaimed author of Black Ice.
In addition, multiple free events will be offered at various locations, including Stagecrafters Theater, 8130 Germantown Ave.; Roller's Restaurant at the Flying Fish, 8142 Germantown Ave.; the Chestnut Hill Hotel's Bombay Room, 8229 Germantown Ave.; Buckley Park, 8201 Germantown Ave., and Jenks Playground, 8301 Germantown Ave.
These events will include panel discussions, a singer/songwriter slam and a performance by the Chestnut Hill Improv Group to name a few.
If you're looking for something for the kids, you're in luck.
Between 10 a.m. and noon on Sunday, July 10, at Jenks Playground, a special Kids Festival will take place featuring music, food, well-known children's authors and illustrators like Ponder Goembel, Matt Phelan, Jason Deeble and David Lubar, as well as a special appearance by Kathy O'Connell of WXPN's Kids Corner.
While nearly all of the events will be free of charge, there are a select few that will cost a small fee. The Venetian Club, 8030 Germantown Ave., will host a special pre-event First Person Story Slam on Friday, July 8 between 7:30 and 9:30 p.m. From 4-6 p.m. on July 10, Chestnut Hill Academy will feature a panel discussion sponsored by the Chestnut Hill Historical Society that will be free for members and will cost $15 for non-members. Finally, there will be various 90 minute writers' workshops in association with Philadelphia Stories offered at $10 each to be held at the Chestnut Hill Hotel's Bombay Room.
Overall, this year's Chestnut Hill Book Festival is shaping up to be quite an exciting event.
"It's why you live in Chestnut Hill," O'Neill said. "It's everything you want to happen in your neighborhood."
"Where else can you walk outside your home and be so near to these nationally-recognized authors?"
Flourtown kids' book author reaches for the stars
by Lou Mancinelli
Local children's book author and school counselor John McGranaghan wrote his first book, "Saturn For My Birthday" (Sylvan Dell, 2008), when his then three-year-old son Kyle asked for the planet Saturn for his fourth birthday.
How dispersing a library resembles the Big Bang, Part 1
by HUGH GILMORE
This is how it goes when a big personal library needs to be broken up because its builder has died and his widow needs to move to smaller quarters.
In the way these things so often happen, I was at my desk and received a phone call. Deb Stanitz from Elfant Wissahickon Realtors, who I'd never met before, was calling to tell me that she had a client trying to sell a house in Villanova. Her client was a widow of a year whose husband had been a distinguished scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. He had thousands of books – would I be interested in seeing if I could help? Yes, of course, I said. We agreed to talk again later when the house was sold, or nearly sold.
Dispersing a library: The Big Bang, part 2
by HUGH GILMORE
Editor' Note: Part one appeared in the May 5 edition.
About two months ago a local realtor called me in relation to my "old & rare" bookselling business. She represented a widow of a year who was selling a house in Villanova. Her client's husband had been a prominent scholar who'd owned thousands of books that now had to be sold before she could move. Might I help?
The Big Bang: 'Dispersing a library,' part 3
by HUGH GILMORE
(Ed. note: Part 1 of this 4-part series appeared in the Local on May 4; Part 2 on May 18)
In February, a widow of a year who was selling her house called me in relation to my "old and rare" bookselling business. Her husband had been a prominent scholar who'd owned thousands of books that had to be sold before she could move. Might I help?
I said yes, but as soon as we hung up I started worrying that they might not be the kind of books I buy. I didn't want to stall the sale of the house, but I also didn't want to stick myself with a lot of unsaleable clunkers. I wouldn't know till I saw the books.
Bookie' will be at Hill Garden Festival Mt. Airy 'book detective,' 84, is one of 12 children
by Barbara Sherf
Mt. Airy resident Mildred Coates is known around town as "The Book Lady." This spry 84-year-old spends her days using public transportation to get to thrift shops, used book stores, flea markets, libraries and 'wherever books are sold.' She matches books in a wide variety of genres to dozens of avid readers who are part of an informal group called "For Love of Books" (FLOB).


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Chelsea Handler titled one of her best-selling books "My Horizontal Life," but her career tends to rocket vertically, straight through the roof.
The latest break for the salty-tongued late-night talk show host is a so-called "semi-scripted" series for E!, the same network that already airs her gab fest, "Chelsea Lately."
For the new series, Handler will have the easiest of commutes: it will focus on the backstage hilarity involved with producing her current show. The new one, "After Lately," is a half-hour comedy. The network has asked for eight initial episodes though it's still uncertain when it will debut.
U.S. & World
Stories that affect your life across the U.S. and around the world.


text:
Rijksgebouwendienst, Alphen aan de Rijn
The furniture in the recreational spaces of the detention center are designed by the studio: steel tables and benches in white and shades of green. Soccer tables and ping-pong tables are painted white and have no lines, offering the inmates to add something to the tables, to personify the poppets, to change the rules to even make the situation their own.
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text:
Dave White Profile
Dave White
Your Movies.com Man at the Multiplex
Dave White's first movie review was of the animated feature Snoopy Come Home. He was seven years old...Read full profile
Your Movies.com Man at the Multiplex
Dave White's first movie review was of the animated feature Snoopy Come Home. He was seven years old...Read full profile
The blue won't hurt you. Read full review
Critics scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more favorable reviews.
out of 100
Metascore®Generally unfavorable reviewsbased on a weighted average of allcritic review scores.
This insipid, and sometimes awkward, blend of animation, computer generation and live action wastes a ton of talent and lacks a true sense of whimsy.
Read Full Review
The Smurfs 2 probably isn't any worse than you might expect. On the other hand, it's almost certainly not any better. It's just a matter of figuring out how much punishment you're willing to endure for the sake of the small child you're taking to the movies.
Beyond a few chuckle-worthy one-liners and some amusing visual comedy, there's not much to engage adults, although the wee ones should be distracted enough.
The genially goofy shenanigans, incredibly corny punchlines and Hank Azaria's go-for-broke performance as the incompetent wizard Gargamel are very much the same ? an entirely welcome thing in a summer movie season full of so much apocalyptic Sturm und Drang.
See all The Smurfs 2 reviews at Metacritic.com
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2020 FANDANGO MOVIES.


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Journal of soil science and plant nutrition
versión On-line ISSN 0718-9516
J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. vol.12 no.2 Temuco 2012
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2012, 12 (2), 271-282
Crop residue grazing and tillage systems effects on soil physical properties and corn (Zea mays L.) performance
M. de los A. Agostini1,4, G.A. Studdert2*, S. San Martino2, J.L. Costa2, R.H. Balbuena3, J.M. Ressia4, G.O. Mendivil4, L. Lázaro4
1Fellow Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas, (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
2Unidad Integrada Balcarce, C.C. 276, (7620) Balcarce, Argentina.Corresponding author:.email@example.com
3Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
4Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, (7300) Azul, Argentina.
*Corresponding author: Telephone #: 54-2266-439100 ext. 766, E-mail address:
Crop-livestock systems under no till (NT) could negatively affect soil physical properties and crop performance, due to the additive effects of reduced soil cover and cattle trampling due to livestock grazing, and the absence of tillage. We evaluated the effects of four grazing strategies and of a shallow tillage (ST) on soil physical properties and corn (Zea mays L.) performance for a mollisol after 15 years under crop-livestock systems under NT in Argentina. Grazing strategies evaluated were: closure (C), one grazing (OG), high stocking rate (HR) and farmer's management (FM), and the tillage systems were: NT and ST. Bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), hydraulic conductivity (ks), plant population, surface root distribution, aboveground dry matter accumulation, aboveground total N (TN) accumulation and corn yield were evaluated. High stocking rate and FM increased RP. On the other hand, ST decreased PR and BD and increased ks Corn yield was higher under ST than under NT, and under HR than under the other grazing strategies. Total N accumulation was higher under HR than under the rest of grazing strategies. Rational grazing management and use of tillage systems on resilient soils could have prevented soil physical properties be affected beyond critical thresholds.
Keywords: crop, tillage, trampling
1. Introduction
Soil compaction is one of the major problems of modern agriculture and it occurs in a wide range of soils and climates. Some soil textual classes are more susceptible to harmful compaction than others, especially those with high silt content (Alvarez and Steinbach, 2009) which show poor resilience.
This process adversely affects soil physical properties such us, bulk density (BD), infiltration rate and penetration resistance (PR) (Greenwood and Mac Kenzie, 2001) and consequently, affects root growth and crop yield (Hamza and Anderson, 2005). Cattle trampling, machinery traffic, and inappropriate soil management have been reported to cause soil compaction (Botta et al., 2004; Hamza and Anderson, 2005).
Changes in soil physical properties caused by grazing have received little research attention in comparison with compaction due to cropping (Greenwood and McKenzie, 2001). The depth of trampling-induced soil compaction ranges from 2.5 to 20 cm depth (Hamza and Anderson, 2005) affecting soil physical properties and crop growth, particularly under wet soil condition (Di et al., 2001). The magnitude of trampling effects is related to the pressure exerted on the soil, which is a function of animal mass and foot size, grazing intensity, soil characteristics (texture, organic matter (OM), soil water content (WC)), and soil residue cover. Depending on the magnitude of trampling effects on soil physical properties, it should be recommended either to remove the animals from the field or to implement tillage operations to reverse the effects (Greenwood and McKenzie, 2001; Hamza and Anderson, 2005).
No-till (NT) has become a popular conservation practice in recent years in Argentina, occupying at present about 70% of the surface under annual cropping (Alvarez and Steinbach, 2009). No-till contributes. to reduce or prevent erosion problems, and degradation of soil physical and chemical properties. On the other hand, is contributes to increase soil water storage because the soil is not tilled and crop residues are left on the surface. Crop residues on soil surface are the major advantage of NT (Lal et al., 1994). However, one of the reported disadvantages of NT is soil compaction caused by traffic intensity of heavy machinery, especially when the operations are carried out on wet soil or with high tire-inflation pressure (Botta et al., 2004). Furthermore, NT is associated with less N availability to the crops (Dominguez et al., 2009).
Crop-livestock systems under NT, where crop residues are grazed, are being implemented in Argentina and in some other parts of the world. These systems could increase economic return as well as the diversification of production (Franzluebbers and Stuedemann, 2008). As mentioned before, soil physical properties and crop performance could be negatively affected by integrated systems due to less soil cover during animal grazing and to the absence of tillage under NT.
Even though surface residue cover reduces cattle trampling impact (Greene et al., 1994), stubble grazing reduces residue cover and increases the exposure to trampling effects. Therefore, for the implementation of crop-livestock systems under NT, management practices that reduce the additive effect of trampling and traffic should be considered. Grazing management to ensure a minimum surface residue mass to diminish trampling effects (Franzluebbers and Stuedemann, 2008) and surface tillage (ST) before planting (Munkholm et al., 2003) are recommended practices when treading and NT are expected to result in detrimental soil physical conditions for crop growth. This would contribute to maintaining soil health and improving crop performance and both profitability and environmental sustainability would be improved (Franzluebbers and Stuedemann, 2008).
Crop-livestock systems effects on soil physical properties and crop performance have not been widely investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of trampling of animals grazing crop stubble and NT and ST on some soil surface physical properties and on the performance of corn (Zea mays L.). The experiment was carried out on soils with high OM content and loam clay surface texture.
2. Materials and methods
2.1 Site description
Experimental site was established in 2006 at "Los Angeles" farm in Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina (37° T 46" S; 59° 44' 23" W). The soil was a fine clayey, mixed, thermic Typic Argiudoll (Soil Taxonomy) or Luvic Phaeozem (FAO Classification), with a slope ranging from 3% to 5%. Surface horizon texture is loam clay and its OM content ranged from 6.1 % in the top 0-10 cm to 4.3% at 10-20 cm (Crespo, J. personal communication).
Prior to the establishment of the experiment, the site had been under pasture from 1979 to 1992. Since 1992 an integrated crop-livestock system under NT had been implemented. Crop rotation was wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) / corn. Wheat and corn stubble, volunteer wheat, and weeds have been grazed during winter seasons by breeding cows.
2.2 Treatments and experimental design
The experiment was conducted with a split block design (also known as a strip plot) with two treatment factors and two replications. Treatment factors were: grazing strategy (four levels) and tillage system for corn planting (two levels). Tillage system levels were: NT and ST (disc harrow, 10 cm depth).
Grazing strategy levels were: C) Closure: not grazed; OG) One grazing: the animals (breeding cows) entered the plot to graze volunteer wheat and wheat stubble during twelve days (90 days after wheat harvest) with regular stocking rate, after grazing, the animals were removed and did not enter again, this grazing is referred to as initial grazing and coincided with the farmer's grazing period; HR) High stocking rate: initial grazing as for OG and a second grazing period for one week (250 days after wheat harvest) with high stocking rate; and FM) Farmer's management: initial grazing as for OG and a second continuous grazing period until one month before corn planting with regular stocking rate. The regular stocking rate was 4 animals ha-1 and the high stocking rate was 12 animals ha-1. The average weight of the animals was 420 kg.
Six sampling points were defined in each subplot and were located 10 m away one from each other and from the experimental unit boundaries. Before the tillage system was applied, measurements were made in each of the grazing strategy plots at the twelve (in total) sampling points.
One month before corn planting, weeds were controlled with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] and tillage operations were applied to ST strips. On October 12, 2006, corn hybrid Ax 884 IT (NIDERA) was planted with a population of 75000 seeds ha-1 and a fertilizer rate of 16 kg N ha-1 and 18 kg P ha-1 as diamonium phosphate was applied next to the seeds. Additional 69 kg N ha-1 were surface broadcasted as urea at corn six leaf stage (V6) (Ritchie and Hanway, 1982).
2.3 Soil determinations
All soil variables were determined at three times: 1: one month before corn planting; 2: Corn V6 stage, and 3: six months after corn harvest. Soil physical properties assessed were:
Bulk density: Soil samples were taken from 0 to 5 and 5 to 15 cm depth layers with a 44.7 mm diameter soil core sampler (Doran and Mielke, 1984). Soil core volume was registered and WC determined gravimetrically, to calculate BD. One sample was taken per sampling point.
Penetration resistance: Cone index (CI) was measured with a Rimick CP20 (Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia, ASAE Standard S313) recording penetrometer from soil surface to 15 cm depth, at 2.5 cm depth intervals. The CI obtained from each sampling point and at each depth interval is the average of three measurements.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (k): Infiltration rate was measured with a simple ring infiltrometer (Ankeny, 1986). Four measurements were done before planting in each grazing strip and after corn planting two measurements were done in each experimental unit.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity was calculated using the model (method 2) proposed by Wu et al. (1999). To estimate model parameters, the cumulative infiltration data were adjusted to an exponential-plateau model through non linear regression (NLIN procedure, of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) (Littell et al., 2006). The data of ks were log10-transformed due to variance heterogeneity. The transformed variable was called transformed saturated hydraulic conductivity (kst).
2.4 Crop determinations
Plant population: Number of plants achieved was quantified in twelve 7.15 m-long rows at corn physiological maturity (PM, Ritchie and Hanway, 1982). Surface root distribution: It was determined by the grid method proposed by Bohm (1979). For this determination a square 28 x 28 cm frame with 2 x 2 cm cells was used. Two holes per experimental unit were dug, with a corn plant in the middle. Presence or absence of roots within each cell was registered. This determination was done at corn V6 stage. Aboveground dry matter accumulation (DMA): Thirty plants were cut at ground level at V6 and PM corn stages. Plant samples were weighed and then dried at 60°C. Dry weight was registered, and dry matter (DM) content and accumulation were calculated. Aboveground total N accumulation (TN): A fraction of grain and of the rest of the plant samples taken at PM was ground to pass a 1 mm sieve. Nitrogen content of each fraction was determined by the Dumas dry combustion method at 950°C using a TruSpec analyzer (LECO, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA). Aboveg-round total N accumulation was calculated from grain N content and grain yield plus rest of the plant N content and aboveground DMA (without grain).
Corn yield: Grain yield of corn was determined by collecting ears from 20 m2 of each experimental unit and threshing them with a stationary thresher. Yield was corrected to 14.5 % moisture content.
2.5 Statistical analyses
Soil variable data were analyzed through a linear mixed model which takes into account the experimental design employed and considers the sampling times as repeated measures. Interaction with tillage system at sampling times 2 and 3 and comparisons between sampling times 1 and 2 were analyzed through orthogonal contrast. The analyses for BD and PR were done at each depth.
Corn variables were analyzed through a linear mixed model considering different random errors associated with the experimental design. All the analyses were performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (Littell et al., 2006). For all statistical analysis the significance level was 0.05.
3. Results and discussion
3.1 Rainfall and soil water content (WC) during the experiment
Precipitation from April/2006 to September/2006 (231.7 mm) was lower than the 91 yr average precipitation (292.5 mm). Precipitation during the initial grazing period was 14 mm. On the other hand, during the FM grazing strategy the precipitation registered was 58.5 mm.
Precipitation during the 2006/2007 corn growing season (from corn planting to harvest) (778 mm) was higher than the 91 yr average precipitation (519 mm; 1911-2001). There was a slight water deficit during the critical period of grain yield determination.
There was no interaction nor grazing, tillage or sampling time effects on WC at any depth. At all sampling times WC was above field capacity (27% v/v).
3.2 Grazing strategies and tillage system effects on soil physical properties
Grazing system effects on soil physical properties have been reported to be strongly associated with stocking rate. Also, it has been observed that BD, and PR increase whereas infiltration rate decreases (Greenwood et al., 2001) when stocking rate or/and grazing period increase. On the contrary, Donkor et al. (2002) found the same degree of compaction under a short grazing period with high stocking rate and under a long grazing period with low stocking rate.
In our experiment, with different stocking rates and grazing periods, grazing strategy x tillage system interaction effect on soil physical properties evaluated was not significant. One month before corn planting, kt was not significantly affected by grazing strategies. However, coinciding with generally reported trends when no animals were present on the field (C treatment) the kt was slightly higher (kt = 1.92 ± 0.09) than under OG, HR or FM (kt average = 1.74 ± 0.07). Fernandez et al (2006) found higher k in non grazed plots in comparison with grazed plots in soils with textural characteristics similar to the one used in this study. On the other hand, Pietola et al. (2005) reported that k was lowest under grazed plots in clay and sand loam soils.
Bulk density was not significantly affected by grazing strategies (sampling time 1), except at 0-5 cm depth (Table 1). Despite the expected result, BD under HR and FM was significantly lower than under C or OG at 0-5 cm depth (Table 1, sampling time 1). Similar behavior was observed in 5-15 cm depth (although the difference between grazing strategies was not significant). Our results disagree with those reported by other authors (Greenwood and Mac Kenzie, 2001; Franzluebbers and Stuedemann, 2008) who showed BD increases due to animal treading.
|Table 1. Bulk density at 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm depth layers for different grazing strategies (C: not grazed; OG: One grazing; HR: high stoking rate; FM: farmer's management), at sampling time 1 (one month before corn planting), sampling time 2 (corn V6 stage), and sampling time 3 (six months after corn harvest). For each depth, different letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05).
Penetration resistance was significantly affected by grazing strategies (sampling time 1) only in the first 5 cm depth, being higher under HR and FM than under C and OG (Figure 1). This agrees with the results reported by da Silva et al (2003). The effects of livestock trampling are greater when surface cover declines (Greene et al., 1994) and when soil WC increases (Di et al., 2001).
During the second grazing (HR and FM), the forage source comprised weeds, volunteer wheat re-growth and some wheat stubble. Reentry of animals after the initial grazing under HR and FM caused a fast loss of cover and consequently a higher exposure of the soil to cattle trampling effects (Greene et al., 1994). However, differences in PR between grazing strategies were negligible from the agronomic point of view.
The difference between C-OG and HR-FM was 0.16 MPa at 2.5 cm depth and 0.32 MPa at 5.0 cm depth.
After tillage system application (sampling time 2), neither grazing strategy x tillage system interaction nor grazing strategy effects were significant. The extent of the effect of grazing strategies on soil physical properties was less in comparison with the effect of tillage system. Sampling done three months after tillage system application (at V6, sampling time 2), showed that ST improved soil physical properties by decreasing PR (Figure 2) and BD (Table 2, sampling time 2), and increasing kt. Penetration resistance was significantly affected by the tillage system. Surface tillage showed lower PR up to 12.5 cm depth, but below this depth no difference between tillage systems was observed (Figure 2). Our results agree with those reported by Botta et al. (2004). Taboada et al. (1998) reported that NT increases significantly PR in sandy loam and silty clay loam soils. These higher PR's could not be attributed to compaction but rather to soil hardening. This process could be considered a consequence of ageing of undisturbed agricultural topsoils.
As previously mentioned, BD was not significantly affected by tillage systems (Table 2, sampling time 2).However, our result follow the generally reported trend of soil BD increases because of NT implementation (Taboada et al., 1998).
Transformed saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly affected by tillage systems (Figure 3, sampling time 2). Transformed saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher under ST (2.04 ± 0.24, ks = 123.42 mm h-1) than under NT (1.32 ± 0.37, ks = 31.24 mm h-1). In agreement with Ferreras et al. (2000) and Sasal et al. (2006), kt under NT was lower than under tillage. This behavior has been reported by others authors (Sasal et al., 2006), who attributed this tendency to horizontal reorientation (parallel to the soil surface) of macropores associated to NT. Soil pore dynamics may be reflected in BD and PR variations. As mentioned above, in our experience, NT showed higher PR (Figure 2) and BD (Table 2, sampling time 2) than ST, consequently, these properties may have affected kst
Six months after crop harvest (sampling time 3), tillage system effect on soil physical properties disappeared. In general, BD (Table 2, sampling time 3), RP (Figure 2b) and kst (Figure 3, sampling time 3) showed lower values than in sampling time 2. The recovery of the initial soil condition can be explained by the high OM content and the loam clay surface horizon texture. Soil physical properties behavior depends to a great extend, on its carbon stock (Domínguez et al., 2009) and texture (Alvarez and Steinbach, 2009).
Organic matter may increase aggregate strength and thus help prevent soil pore structure degradation, and consequently the impact of compaction. On the other hand, OM may also improve soil aggregation, resulting in a higher total porosity and wider pore-size distribution. This characteristic determines the magnitude of soil mechanical resilience (Zhang et al., 2005). Another explanation could be that corn root growth could have helped to ameliorate soil physical properties (Domínguez et al., 2001).These characteristics could have helped the soil to recover the physical condition after soil disturbance.
In summary, neither BD nor PR increases reached critical threshold for root growth. Regarding PR, the threshold is 2 MPa (Gupta and Allmaras, 1987) whereas for BD critical value has been demonstrated to be 1.4 Mg m-3 for corn root growth (Chidichimo et al., 1997). Anyway, BD, PR and kst values indicated that the soil did not show structural problems due to grazing strategies and/or tillage systems. These results could be attributed to the good structure and high OM content of this mollisol, and to the rational application of grazing strategies and tillage systems along time.
3.3 Grazing and tillage system effects on corn crop behavior
Statistical analyses did not show significant interaction between tillage system and grazing strategy nor a significant effect of grazing strategies on the number of plants achieved, surface root distribution and DMA (neither at V6 nor at PM). Also, neither the number of plants achieved (66937± 5975 plants ha-1) nor surface root distribution were significantly affected by tillage system (Figure 4a). However, a relatively higher number of roots under ST than under NT (Figure 4a), was observed. This behavior can be attributed to the observed lower BD (Table 2, sampling time 2) and PR (Figure 2) under ST, since root density decreases with increasing PR and BD (Ferreras et al., 2000). Increases in these soil parameters can finally be reflected in lower crop yield (Ferreras et al., 2000; Hamza and Anderson, 2005). Rizalli (1998) working on a physically degraded like soil due to previous long term aggressive cropping, did not find any difference in corn root growth between NT and conventional tillage. Therefore, given the better soil physical conditions and the precipitation distribution in our experiment, no differences between tillage systems could have been expected. Figure 4b shows surface root distribution for the different grazing strategies and it can be seen lower number of roots under C than under OG, FM, and HR. Surface root distribution was C<OG<FM<HR, which relates to the BD value (Table 2, sampling time 2).As mentioned before, increases in BD and PR affect normal root growth and consequently crop yield (Hamza and Anderson, 2005). In our experiment, the number of roots was greater when BD declined. This difference was unimportant from an agronomic point of view.
At V6 (sampling time 2), DMA under NT (2279 kg DM ha-1) was significantly lower than under ST (3096 kg DM ha-1), since plant sampling had been done at one time and plants were at different phenological stages between tillage systems. However, at PM, (sampling time 3) tillage systems did not affect DMA (ST: 15935 kg DM ha-1; NT: 15290 kg DM ha-1). These results agree with those reported by Rizzalli (1998) and Domínguez et al. (2001).
Feces and urine deposition from livestock increase within-farm nutrient cycling (Franzluebbers et al., 2000). In our experiment, TN accumulation was significantly affected by grazing strategies, being TN accumulation higher under HR (215.4 kg N ha-1) than under C (147.8 kg N ha-1), OG (170.0kg N ha-1) and FM (202.4 kg N ha-1). Although TN was not significantly affected by tillage system, it showed a trend to slightly higher TN under ST than under NT (172.8 kg N ha-1 and 195.0 kg N ha-1, respectively).
Grazing crop stubble does not imply a complete removal of biomass from the plant-soil system since much of the ingested forage is transformed into manure that is returned to the field (Quiroga et al., 2009), contributing to total carbon and N stock recycling (Maughan et al, 2009). Franzluebbers et al. (2000) reported that areas with high animal presence get enriched with soil carbon and N probably because of the high organic deposition from cattle defecation and urination. This would have increased fertility and subsequent forage growth. In our experiment, grain yield was the only crop parameter significantly affected by tillage systems and by grazing strategies. Grain yield under HR and FM (8.510 kg ha-1 and 7.903 kg ha-1, respectively) was higher than under C and OG (6.439 kg ha-1 and 7.576 kg ha-1, respectively) which was also reflected in higher TN. It is important to highlight that HR and FM treatments had higher animal presence in comparison with C and OG. It is worth noting that both grain yield and TN for grazing strategies could be ordered as C<OG<FM<HR which in turn relates to the time of presence and the stocking of the animals on the field. Therefore, high animal presence leads to organic deposition from cattle (feces and urine), contributing to N stock recycling and increased crop yield.
Corn yield is mostly related to water and N availability during the crop growing season (Barbieri et al., 2008). In our experiment, precipitation during this period was unevenly distributed but it reasonably covered crop water requirement (data not shown). However, a slight water deficit occurred during a critical period for corn (January). In general, soils under NT have higher water availability than bare soils, which might contribute crops tolerating water deficits during critical periods.
Contrarily to what it could have been expected because of such slight water deficit, corn grain yield under ST was significantly higher than under NT (8090 kg ha-1 and 7124 kg ha-1, respectively). Stubble cover, absence of tillage, low mineralization rate and high microbial activity under NT promote N loss (volatilization, denitrification, leaching) and low N availability (Domínguez et al., 2001; 2009). On the other hand, N fertilization rate was 85 kg N ha-1 for NT and ST plots, but tilling the soil increases N mineralization (Domínguez et al., 2009) and supposedly the corn under ST had more N available. Therefore, given the distribution of rainfall and the low rate of N fertilization, the lower yield under NT could be attributed to a limited N availability.
4. Conclusions
Rational grazing management and use of tillage systems on resilient soils (high soil OM content, and loam clay texture) could have prevented soil physical properties to be affected beyond critical thresholds. On the other hand, according to the N accumulation and grain yield differences among grazing strategies, we inferred that they influenced N dynamics and availability because of urine and manure droppings. However, N availability should be monitored in order to detect N unavailability and its effect on crop behavior in crop-livestock systems under NT.
We express our gratitude to Azul-Chillar CREA Group, ESTANCIA "LOS ANGELES" and FACULTAD DE AGRONOMIA (UNCPBA) and to Ricardo Illarragorri, Jorge Celiberti, Cristina de Pablo, Oscar Basterrechea and Germán Domínguez for their collaboration.
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Domínguez, G.F., Diovisalvi, N.V., Studdert, G.A., Monterubbianesi, M.G. 2009. Soil organic C and N fractions under continuous cropping with contrasting tillage systems on mollisols of the southeastern Pampas. Soil Till. Res. 102, 93-100. [ Links ]
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Ferreras, L.A., Costa, J.L., Garcia, F.O., Pecorari, C. 2000. Effect of no-till on some soil physical properties of a structural degraded Petrocalcic Paleudoll of the southern "Pampa" of Argentina. Soil Till. Res. 54, 31-39. [ Links ]
Franzluebbers, A.J., Stuedemann, J.A. 2008. Early response of soil organic fraction to tillage and integrated crop-livestock production. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 72, 613-625. [ Links ]
Franzluebbers, A.J., Stuedemann, J.A., Schomberg, H.H. 2000. Spatial distribution of soil carbon and nitrogen pools under grazed tall fescue. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64, 635-639. [ Links ]
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Gupta, S.C., Allmaras, R. 1987. Models to assess the susceptibility of soils to excessive compaction. Adv. Soil Sci. 6, 65-100. [ Links ]
Hamza, M.A.M., Anderson, W. K. 2005. Soil compaction in cropping systems. A review of the nature, causes and possible solutions. Soil Till. Res. 82, 121-145. [ Links ]
Lal, R., Mohboubi, A.A., Faussey, R.R. 1994. Long term tillage and rotation effect on properties of a central Ohio Soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58, 517-522. [ Links ]
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Maughan, M.W., Flores, J.P.C., Anghinoni, I., Bollero, G., Fernandez, F.G., Tracy, B. 2009. Soil quality and corn yield under crop-livestock integration in Illinois. Agr. J. 101, 1503-1510. [ Links ]
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Pietola, L., Horn, H., Yli-Halla, M. 2005. Effects of trampling by cattle on the hydraulic and mechanical properties. Soil Till. Res. 82, 98-108. [ Links ]
Quiroga, A., Fernandez, R., Noellemeyer, E. 2009. Grazing effect on soil properties in conventional and no-till systems. Soil Till.Res. 105, 164-170. [ Links ]
Ritchie, S.W., Hanway, J.J. 1982. How a corn plant develops. Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Cooperative Extension Service. Ames, Iowa, EEUU. Special report N° 48. 24 p. [ Links ]
Rizzalli, R. H., 1998. Siembra directa y convencional de maíz ante distintas ofertas de nitrógeno. Tesis. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Argentina. Argentina. 60 p. [ Links ]
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Fenway Park became the only Major League Baseball venue in Boston when the Braves moved to Milwaukee before the start of the 1953 season. Opposing teams at Fenway Park also had a new home in 1953; during the offseason, the visitors clubhouse was moved to the third base side of the ballpark and connected to the visitors dugout via a tunnel. In July, Ted Williams returned from combat and played in 37 games for the Red Sox in the second half of the season. In the fall, Boston College football once again took to the Fenway Park field.
Record: 84-69, 4th in American League
Manager: Louis Boudreau
Attendance: 1,026,133
Boston became a one-team baseball town shortly before the 1953 season, when the Braves left for Milwaukee. Also departing the scene was Dom DiMaggio, who retired on May 12 after being supplanted by Tommy Umphlett.
Even without DiMaggio and Ted Williams (who had received an Air Medal after safely landing a damaged plane while on a February 1953 mission over Korea), the Red Sox set a MLB record that still stands today when they scored 17 runs in one inning, during a 23-3 victory over Detroit on June 18. In a feat of numerical coincidence, the Red Sox set 17 records during this game, after beating the Tigers 17-1 the day before.
After 39 combat missions, Williams was discharged with an ear infection and returned home in time to deliver the first pitch at the 1953 All-Star Game. He went on to collect 34 RBIs in just 37 regular-season games for the Red Sox in 1953. On July 28, Williams showed his legendary eye when he returned to the batter's box at Fenway Park for batting practice and astutely noticed that home plate was out of alignment, a fact that went unnoticed during the first half of the season.
The Red Sox finished the season with a record of 84-69 but wound up 16 games out of first. George Kell's 73 RBIs and .307 average led the offense, while 21-game winner Mel Parnell bolstered the rotation. After the season, on December 9, the Red Sox sent 18-game winner Mickey McDermott and Umphlett to Washington for Jackie Jensen.
During Fenway Park's first few decades, the home and visitors clubhouses had been situated side by side near on on the first-base side of the ballpark. Until 1953, both Red Sox and visiting players had accessed the field via a single tunnel but a post-game fight in May 1952 between two fiery personalities - Boston's Jimmy Piersall and New York's Billy Martin - forced owner Tom Yawkey to consider a new arrangement. In 1953, the visitors clubhouse was relocated to the third-base side of the field and connected to the visiting dugout, removing the possibility of on-field hostility spilling over into another tunnel fracas.
In addition, Fenway Park's first organ was installed in 1953 and organ music has been an instrumental part of the ballpark's personality ever since. John Kiley, the music director at WMEX, which had its studios in the Jeano Building, was Fenway Park's organist from 1953 until 1989.
The 1953 William Randolph Hearst game at Fenway Park was a veritable romp, as the American All-Stars team trounced the Record All-Stars, 16-5.
|1953 Non-Red Sox Baseball At Fenway Park
|August 10
|William Randolph Hearst Sandlot Tournament: American All-Stars 16, Record All-Stars 5
After Fenway Park hosted its second annual Junior Goodwill Dinner in January and a memorial service in May, Boston College played several home games at Fenway Park in the fall of 1953. Though the Eagles were winless in their first three home games, they finished strong with victories over Wake Forest, the University of Detroit and Holy Cross. Their victory over their rival from Worcester brought out a crowd of 37,000, a dramatic increase from most of BC's 1953 games at Fenway Park, which typically averaged less than 10,000 spectators.
|1953 Non-Baseball Events At Fenway Park
|January 28
|Junior Goodwill Dinner*
|May 24
|American Legion Memorial Mass**
|September 26
|Boston College 14, Clemson 14 (Football)
|October 11
|Villanova 15, Boston College 7 (Football)
|October 31
|Richmond 14, Boston College 0 (Football)
|November 7
|Boston College 20, Wake Forest 7 (Football)
|November 15
|Boston College 33, University of Detroit 20 (Football)
|November 28
|Boston College 6, Holy Cross 0 (Football)
* For several years, Fenway Park hosted a Junior Goodwill Dinner that brought hundreds of local high school students to the ballpark. The tradition was started by Red Sox legend Joe Cronin and the event typically took place in late January.
** Started in the 1910s, a late May memorial service coinciding with the Memorial Day weekend was often held at Fenway Park through the mid-20th Century.


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Victorinox Swiss Army One Hand Trekker
Current Retail: $49.99
Historic Range: $24.00-$67.50
Reviewers Paid: $18.53-$45.00
Excellent. Perfect for trekking. I have a bigger Victorinox…
Source: bought it new
Excellent. Perfect for trekking.
I have a bigger Victorinox with a lot of tools. Needed one with less weight. I found the Victorinox One Hand Trekker to be the best solution.
When I need to cut something fast, I take it out, open it, cut and put it back, just using one hand.
I recommended it to a friend and he is happy too with it.
It is a must have tool when going trekking.
Classic knife classic performance. It cuts, it has…
Source: received it as a personal gift
Classic knife classic performance.
- Does as advertised
It cuts, it has numerous Swiss army options, and is solid on the trail. Easy to use and holds up over the years I have owned it. Can't really go wrong with this knife.
If you are buying this multi-tool with hopes of using…
Price Paid: $18.53
If you are buying this multi-tool with hopes of using the large knife in a self defense situation, you will be mildly disappointed, as it doesn't have much of a point on it.
If you are buying this multi-tool for what you're actually going to be using it for probably 100% of the time, you will be very happy with it.
Despite that minor detail about the knife point, this is a great choice. Bought mine clearance at a department store, rather than online. Got it for $18.53 - tax already included.
I actually carry this in my pocket most days and out…
Price Paid: $45
I actually carry this in my pocket most days and out on the trail whenever I go. It has a large blade that is serrated at the end and non-serrated near the base. It's the opposite of most knives, but it makes more sense. The blade is locking, as is the flathead screwdriver / bottle opener.
The tools are all top quality, and, again, Victorinox has set the standard when it comes to small saws.
One thing to note, is that Victorinox has come out with a "new" Soldier's Knife. This knife is exactly the same as the one-handed trekker, except for the outside shell of the knife. So, I would buy whichever one is cheaper.
I carry it on my key chain. Great combo of swiss army…
Price Paid: $38
I carry it on my key chain. Great combo of swiss army knife, locking blades and one hand opening.


text:
But I digress...
We returned from Lake Powell late Saturday, and I luckily had Sunday off from work, which allowed me to turn my attention to Father's Day, and what to make. I wanted something a bit on the light side, considering the week-long snacking fest on the houseboat. I thought about a cream pie, but wanted to lighten it up a bit. I then remembered (with a laugh) a few years back, fooling everyone at an Independence Day barbecue, by serving a chocolate cream pie that was no usual cream pie, in that it contained no cream...but instead used a base of tofu. ^_^ So I went back to that recipe (Alton Brown's Moo-Less Chocolate Pie), and did some modification to use what I had on hand. (I was still recovering from the long drive and unpacking and cleaning that accompanies one's return from vacation.)
I thus give you the Vanilla "Cream" Pie with a Gingersnap Crust!
As is, it makes a light, sweet treat for warm weather, though I think that next time I make it, I'll probably add some cardamom to the filling. I think it would accent the gingersnap crust perfectly! This recipe is also a good starting point for further modification. How does a mint cream pie with chocolate crust sound?
Vanilla "Cream" Pie with Gingersnap Crust
For Crust
1 2/3 cups Gingersnaps, finely ground
1/4 cup Butter, melted
1/4 cup Sugar
Combine all ingredients in a bowl, then press into a 9-inch pie pan.
Bake at 350° F for 10 minutes. Set aside to cool.
For Vanilla "Cream" Filling
2 cups Vanilla (White Chocolate) Chips
1/3 cup Milk
1 block Silken Tofu (I used Mori-Nu)
1 tsp. Vanilla Extract
2 tbsp. Honey
Using a double boiler, melt the vanilla chips and milk, stirring until smooth. Add vanilla and honey.
In a blender, combine the tofu and white chocolate mixture. Liquefy until smooth.
Pour filling into the gingersnap crust. Chill in the fridge until cooled and filling begins to set, then transfer to the freezer until the pie is set solid. This not only makes the pie all the more refreshing to east, but it also makes it much easier to cut and serve.


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Portugal is a major wine producing country with a growing number of quality wineries who are opening their doors to visitors. With amazing scenery, a range of wine styles, often made from indigenous grape varieties, and proud winegrowers, always keen to share their inside knowledge of their region, now is the time to discover the country.
This guest post is written by wine communicator Louise Hurren, who lives in the south of France in the heart of the vineyards. We are delighted that Louise offered to share some experiences and photos from a recent wine tour she enjoyed in Portugal.
I'm a city girl at heart: on my visits to Lisbon I've made the most of its restaurants and bars, and have filled my proverbial boots with Portugal's well-made, value-for-money wines and tasty (albeit pork-heavy) cuisine.
However, there's good reason to leave the bright lights behind. Recently, I spent a long weekend scoping out three wine-growing areas that are less than an hour from the city.
I did my homework before I set off. I knew that the Vinho Regional Lisboa area incorporates nine DOC regions, and that the three tiny DOCs closest to Lisbon – Bucelas, Carcavelos and Colares – previously enjoyed a high reputation.
Sadly, competition from other areas and urban sprawl have taken their toll on these small wine regions, but nevertheless, each DOC still has its share of producers making characterful, authentic wines, and some top dining and tasting destinations: you just have to make the effort to go find them. I spent a full day visiting Bucelas; Colares and Carcavelos are side trips and will be the subject of a later post.
Wines of Bucelas
Sheltered from the Tagus estuary by a range of hills, Bucelas is a small vineyard region centred around the tiny town of the same name. I drove there from Lisbon (approx. 25 km) in around half an hour, heading north out of the city but it is possible to get there by public transport at a push.
This white-only DOC celebrated its centenary in 2011. At one time, Bucelas wines were fortified; the Duke of Wellington helped raise their profile in Britain following the Peninsular Wars, and in Victorian times, they were quaffed as Portuguese Hock. By the 1980s, only one company was making Bucelas wines, but recently several producers have invested here, in recognition of its interesting grape varieties which retain high levels of natural acidity, despite the warm maritime climate. Bucelas' crisp, dry, still and sparkling wines are made from a minimum of 75% Arinto (Esgana Cão and Rabo de Ovelha are the other permitted varieties).
Parking in the centre of town, I stumbled on a building site that is set to become the Bucelas Museu do Vinho (wine museum). It's scheduled to open in the first quarter of 2012: meanwhile, just across the road is the Enoteca Caves Velhas, a wine shop run one of the DOC's largest and oldest producers. Here, I got quickly acquainted with the Bucelas DOC, thanks to the friendly English- and French-speaking staff, paying a mere €2.50 to taste a selection of wines, including their own Bucellas brand (note the spelling with 2 'ls'), a mineral, fresh and lemony, 90% Arinto blend; their 100% Bucellas Arinto; the single estate Quinta do Boição (late-picked Arinto aged in new oak), and the nutty, sherry-like Bucelas Garrafeira.
Included in the tasting was a visit to the rather musty, dusty and dilapidated cellars next door (maybe the Enoteca should donate the contents of its cellars to the museum, where they could be properly presented). Plates of local cheese and ham are also available, should you feel the need to nibble.
From the Enoteca, I drove a couple of kilometres out of town to check out Quinta da Romeira, a leading light of the DOC appellation. Steeped in history (it dates back to 1703), the Duke of Wellington used this quinta as his base during the Peninsular War campaign. The man had good taste: I was very taken with the deep pink walls and white woodwork covered with bright red bougainvillea blooms. There are four elegantly-appointed rooms available for overnight stays, a wine shop and 78 hectares of (mostly white) vines (14 ha of Touriga Nacional, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot are also grown). From the 46ha dedicated to Arinto, various polished and reasonably-priced Bucelas wines are made.
I'm not the world's biggest bubbly fan, but Romeira's sparkling white Bruto Vinho Espumante 2006 (wood-fermented, with lees stirring) was surprisingly elegant: it's made via método clássico (ie. second fermentation in the bottle) and sells in their shop for €7.5. My favourite was the award-winning Morgado de Santa Catherina: rich and ripe, with a creamy texture and good acidity, it's a steal at only €6; others are priced around €3–4. The stainless steel-fermented Prova Régia Premium is, as its name suggests, fit for a king, and be sure to try their sweet white (VR Lisboa) wine made from botrytis-affected grapes.
From here, it was on to Quinta da Murta, a modern estate a couple of kilometres north of Bucelas, that features a six-bedroom house with private pool, which should be available for rental from 2012, and a recently-built, temperature-controlled winery, surrounded by 13ha of (mainly white) vines. Producer Mário Soares Franco is a fluent and chatty English speaker, and assisted by winemaker Hugo Mendes, he runs the estate and welcomes groups (the guided tour takes 45 minutes). Phoning ahead is advisable even for individual visits.
Most of the estate's white grapes go into making the Quinta da Murta Bucelas, which is Arinto-dominant with just a drop of Rabo de Ovelha; I tried both the steel- and oak-fermented versions. They use their Touriga Nacional to make a red Quinta da Murta Tinto, full of raspberry flavour and firm tannins.
Hearty home-cooked lunch
After all that tasting, I badly needed some sustenance. Heading back into the centre of Bucelas, I liked the look of the wonderfully authentic Barrete Saloio restaurant. This spacious, blue-and-white tiled former hostelry (it takes its name from the traditional headgear worn by local farmers) serves hearty, home-cooked dishes that are typical of the Lisboa region.
The kindly owner suggested a mixed plate of starter-specialities that included farinheira (a game and flour sausage with an unusual texture – a welcome contrast to the ubiquitous pork) and queijo fresco (fresh goat milk cheese, eaten sprinkled with salt and spread on bread). Amongst the main courses, the traditional black pudding stew served with favas à saloio (country-style beans) is undoubtedly one of the most authentic and filling options, but I opted for some grilled fresh fish and a simple salad, paying around €15 for lunch, excluding wine.
Useful Information:
If you plan a tour around the wine regions of Portugal, do invest in Charles Metcalfe and Kathryn McWhirter's Wine and Food Lover's Guide to Portugal.
Wines of Portugal – Information on all the wines and wine regions.
Quinta da Romeira Tel: +351 219 687 380
Quinta da Murta Tel: +351 210 155 190
Barrete Saloio Tel: +351 219 694 004


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I photographed Nicholas Kaiser of Saturna Capital for SmartMoney and this is the picture that ran in the January issue. It also happens to be my favorite picture from the shoot. How often does that happen!? Nick is the fund manager for Amana Funds (AMANX). The management of Amana is based on Islamic principals which means no pork, no alcohol and no financials, eliminating companies like Costco due to sales of wine and beer. While these principals are limiting, Nick has managed to bring in a five-year average annual return of 8.3%. Not bad in this economy.
The assets of Amana are $920 million and the expenses are $132 per $10,000. That's insane! How can I keep my expenses that low? Seriously. I'm asking…
Anyway. No big story about the shoot, but I just really like this picture.
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Paving the way for what the K-9 Unit is today, K-9 Lobo will be remembered for his many accomplishments and service on the SET Team. "My partner and friend, you are greatly missed."
Breed: Belgian MalinoisBirthplace: NetherlandsDOB: May 6, 1986Commands in: Dutch
Retired: January 1993Tour of Duty: 5 yearsEOW: Thursday, July 9, 1999Age: 13 years old
K-9 Lobo was the very first of a new generation of multi-purpose Police K-9s for the Winston-Salem Police Department. He was trained in Narcotics Detection, Tracking, Article Search, Building Search and Criminal Apprehension. During his service to the citizens of Winston-Salem he was successful in all of the above listed types of operations, seizing illegal narcotics and apprehending criminals for the safety and security of our community. Additionally, K-9 Lobo was assigned to the WSPD Special Enforcement Team and was recognized as one of the first dedicated SWAT K-9s in this region of North Carolina.
K-9 Lobo & Cpl. W.S. Weaver1989 USPCA Trials
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A few other Clinton associates also get email accounts through Hillary Clinton's clintonemail.com private server, though the exact total is unknown. Other associates use other private email accounts for government work.
- Hillary Clinton's daughter Chelsea Clinton has an account under the pseudonym "Diane Reynolds," to help her travel incognito. (Politico, 3/5/2015)
- Deputy chief of staff Huma Abedin, whom the New York Times has called a "surrogate daughter" for Hillary, uses a email@example.com address. (Bloomberg News, 3/6/2015)
- Hillary's husband Bill Clinton does not have an email address, even though the server is in the house he lives in. According to a 2015 account, Bill Clinton has almost never used email. (Bloomberg News, 3/11/2015)—however, another 2015 news article will say that's almost certainly untrue. (The Atlantic, 3/12/2015)
- Clinton's chief of staff Cheryl Mills does not have an account on the server, but uses firstname.lastname@example.com, a private email account through Google. (Judicial Watch, 9/14/2015)
- Philippe Reines, Clinton's senior advisor and press secretary, has two email accounts, and uses both for work. He has a government account and a private Gmail account (firstname.lastname@example.com). (Politico, 10/5/2015)


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CAS reject Luis Suarez appeal over four-month bite ban but he is free to train with Barca
Barcelona striker Luis Suarez has failed in his appeal to have a four-month playing ban overturned but the Court of Arbitration for Sport has cleared him to train with his new club.
The Uruguay international was suspended from all football-related activity for biting Italy defender Giorgio Chiellini at the World Cup, with the punishment also including a nine-match suspension from internationals and a hefty fine.
Suarez, the Uruguayan federation and Barcelona - who spent £75million to sign the striker from Liverpool after he was sent home from Brazil in disgrace - appealed to CAS and the club, at least, have had a degree of success.
Barcelona's priority was to have Suarez available to work with the team, important in pre-season but essential when he is a new player, and CAS has relented on that issue.
"The CAS Panel has partially upheld the appeal. The sanctions imposed on the player by FIFA have been generally confirmed," said a statement.
"However, the four-month suspension will apply to official matches only and no longer to other football-related activities (such as training, promotional activities and administrative matters).
"The CAS Panel found that the sanctions imposed on the player were generally proportionate to the offence committed.
"It has however considered that the stadium ban and the ban from 'any football-related activity' were excessive given that such measures are not appropriate to sanction the offence committed by the player and would still have an impact on his activity after the end of the suspension."
"Luis Suarez is found guilty of violation of the FIFA Disciplinary Code for having committed an act of assault during the match between Italy and Uruguay played on June 24 2014 at the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil," added the statement.
"Luis Suarez is banned for nine consecutive official matches of the national team of the Uruguay.
"Luis Suarez is declared ineligible to play in official matches at any level for a period of four consecutive months, starting on June 25 2014 and is sanctioned to pay a fine in the amount 100,000 Swiss francs (£66,255)."
It is the third time Suarez had been found guilty of biting an opponent in his career.
While he was at Ajax, Suarez bit PSV Eindhoven's Otman Bakkal in November 2010, and while at Liverpool he bit Chelsea defender Branislav Ivanovic in April 2013.
Online Editors
Related Content
- CAS to announce Luis Suarez bite verdict today
- Premier League better off without Suarez, insists Scudamore
- Steven Gerrard will bounce back from disastrous summer - Jamie Carragher
- Top five longest Premier League bans ever
- 10 of the best Suarez 'bitegate' memes


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Okay, now that I have your attention, I can feel your minds buzzing and some of you saying, "This is it…she's finally gone 'round the proverbial bend." I will attempt to explain to all of you, my patient friends and fellow chronic pain sufferers, exactly what is twirling around in my little brain.
This has been quite a week for me. I've learned both of my painful knees are basically, well, shot. I'm wearing a brace to keep one knee cap (patella) from rubbing on the leg bone, and to add to all this merriment, both my husband and I have had a devastating intestinal flu that would be more aptly named "the scourge." I lost ten pounds while my body emptied itself and didn't care whether I or my dignity survived or not. All week I kept expecting someone in a mule drawn cart dressed in a somber cloak to come by and paint a large red X on the front door. I hate doing battle with my physical self. I know I should be used to it by now, but each new assault is maddening, terrifying, and frankly, irritating as hell. Just like each of you, there are times I grow weary of it all.
I've been thinking a great deal lately about the two individuals in the title of this blog. Johnny Cash's song "I Walk the Line" has been playing in my subconscious and conscious mind as I once again do battle just to stay in this world. The Energizer Bunny — well duh, isn't that self-explanatory? He just keeps going. That little pink fuzzball is our unofficial mascot.
Survival is taken for granted by so many individuals in this world. For those of us who suffer chronic disease or some other devastation, it's so much more difficult. Our Golden Rule should be tattooed on our foreheads. Succinctly put, it would say, "ONE STEP." That would have a different meaning for each of us, depending on the particular day, week, month, and current battle we are waging. For instance, as I write this I am slowly eating plain rice, one tablespoon at a time. For breakfast I had small sips of Ensure and ginger tea with honey. Never take a good appetite and a good digestive system for granted. After I finish this article, I'm going to force myself to run two errands; I use the word run very loosely. I'll reward myself with a rest, then do some stretches and continue to sip Gatorade. I hate the stuff, but it isn't about loving and hating any longer. I love myself, my family, and life more than anything else. It's worth earning, however difficult the battle. Therefore, one step means, for today anyway, one tablespoon, one flight of stairs, one errand, and this one blog. Everything in life begins with just one step.
It's a lonely battle we wage and those of us who have anyone who tries to understand what we are going through are among the fortunate. I often hear from many of you who are in this boat all alone, and that is much more difficult. One learns early on that you must love yourself. If you are not "Numero Uno" in your own life, you will not do all that is necessary to maintain your maximum self in a compromised existence. It's just plain old hard work, almost every day. Some days, we get a heavenly dispensation and have a fairly good day. Those days we treasure like gold. I love those rare golden days. The light shines more brightly, the rain sounds perkier, the green tones of our state are more brilliant, and my dogs are definitely funnier.
For today, dear friends, just hum along with me and the late Johnny Cash as we sing for ourselves alone, "I Walk the Line."
"I keep a close watch on this heart of mine
I keep my eyes wide open all the time.
I keep the ends out for the tie that binds
Because you're mine,
I walk the line.
As sure as night is dark and day is light
I keep you on my mind both day and night
And happiness I've known proves that it's right
Because you're mine
I walk the line."
Show how much you love yourself and keep walking the line and I'll be right there beside you, doing the same.


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WebshopRead moreRead moreRead moreRead moreRead moreRead more
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Moya Brennan
Moya Brennan's Forum
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an file wrote:Dia duit, a Roibeard Óg,
is mise as an Ghearmáin agus tá cuid mhaith Gaeilge foghlamtha agam féin... The Turas Teanga thing from RTÉ was a good thing which helped me a lot after having done kind of a correspondance school in Irish. But in fact it's quite hard to keep in contact with Irish, living here in Germany. Ach tá an teanga sin go hiontach!! And I pray it will never die!
Slán go fóillín
Roibeard Óg wrote:There will be a lot more Gaelic signs in the North too, in quite a lot of places. I think it's the start of something brilliant.
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bfrank2003 needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 49 designs submitted by 21 freelance designers.
I need the logo for 1) a Web site (http://www.TheDoctorZone.com) and 2) business cards and stationary. I'm unsure of the file types, but I gather that I would need AI, psd, vector types (I know I need vector, but the others I'm unsure about--please provide the correct file types).
Desired Color Scheme:
blue, plus others
Desired Style:
You decide!
Accepted File Formats:
AI, psd, vector (see text)
Key elements in the design would be 1) physicins (or doctors), and medicine, 2) entrepreneurs, 3) cutting edge, 4) up-beat, 5) fun, 6) professionalism, 7) hope, 8) opportunity, 9) energy, 10) community, 11) high-end, 12) sophisticated, 13) free, 14) creative, 15) powerful....I guess that's enough! Good luck with getting all of that into one design!
I guess the logo for the Web site would be TheDoctorZone.com, but the logo for the stationary would just be TheDoctorZone. (The company name is TheDoctorZone, Inc.) I'm unsure of color(s), but blue is my favorite color; it is associated with males, and by a narrow margin, most doctors are males. I don't know about colors for power, etc.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Growing Squash for Cooking
The Four Season Farm Gardener's Cookbook (Workman Publishing, 2012) combines two books — a garden guide and a cookbook — in one. Authors Barbara Damrosch and Eliot Coleman show you how to grow, harvest and store the very ingredients used in their recipes. In this excerpt taken from chapter 4, "The Crops," find tips on growing squash and how to cook with them.
You can purchase this book from the CAPPER's store: The Four Season Farm Gardener's Cookbook.
More from The Four Season Farm Gardener's Cookbook:
• Baked Spaghetti Squash Recipe with Cheese
• Beet Salad Recipe
• Grow Lettuce and Enjoy Your Own Salad Greens
Growing Squash: Summer Squash
Gardeners love to grow summer squash because they're an easy crop and so productive. Most of them are bush types rather than vining ones, and can take their place in a plot where space is an issue. There are a number of different shapes, from good ol' striped green zucchini, to the classic yellow crooknecks, to the pattypans (like little flying saucers) and spherical ones like Ronde de Nice. The edible blossoms are great for stuffing.
Grow. These are grown like any of the cucurbits. Although less space-consuming than squash that grow on long vines, individual plants are somewhat large and sprawling and need to be planted three feet apart. As they mature and their central stems elongate, they tend to sprawl into the paths. This can be avoided by succession planting, with fresh new transplants ready to go in around midsummer. Though you'll need to weed around them at the start, the big leaves will eventually shade out most competing plants.
Harvest. Success with summer squash, as with many summer crops, depends on a good harvesting program. This is the season of abundance, when plants and their fruits grow quickly. Turn your back on the zucchini patch for a week, and you'll find giant green submarines cruising beneath the broad leaves. I once tried stuffing one of these monsters with a rice and cheese concoction and yes, it was good eating, but not good enough to repeat often. Besides, big squash slow down the production of the small, tender ones that cooks prefer. Summer squash are particularly tasty when picked small, but they don't have to be the dainty 2-inch babies you sometimes find on restaurant plates. Even a 10-inch zucchini or yellow crookneck tastes just fine, though we usually harvest our zucchini at no more than 6 inches long.
If you're picking the flowers for cooking, do so first thing in the morning while they are wide open. Choose the males, which grow on long, slender stems, if you want to maximize your squash yield. (We leave the stems on to use as handles when we're frying them.) If your goal is to practice squash birth control, harvest some of the female blossoms as well! They're ones with the little bump of squash-to-be at the base of the flower.
Store. Kept cold, summer squash can last for at least a week if you're saving up a quantity of them for an event or a special dish. If they get ahead of you, eat the freshest ones and compost or give away the rest. With summer squash there will always be more coming along.
Cook. Our favorite summer squash recipe is the simple quartet of zucchini, onions, butter, and herbs. Larger ones lend themselves to slicing into disks, which are then fried on both sides in butter or olive oil, and sprinkled with a little finely grated parmesan cheese. An Italian friend once taught my mother to stew them with onions and tomatoes. Add eggplant to that and it's a French ratatouille. Just about any summer medley might include them: pasta with vegetables, a quick stir-fry, or a soup. The only trick is to use a light touch in cooking them, whatever their shape. Their centers always cook a bit faster than the outer parts, and after too much cooking a squash slice loses its structural integrity. Best to leave the outside a bit firm than to let the center turn to watery mush.
Growing Squash: Winter Squash
For a botanist there is no hard and fast difference between a squash and a pumpkin, nor for the cook as well. Both are fruits with very firm flesh and hard skins. They ripen in warm summer weather, and then are stored for future use. Even their bright colors, inside or out, warm up cold winter days. Sometimes I'll keep a big, gorgeous red Rouge Vif d'Étampes squash on the kitchen counter just to enjoy the sight of it.
There is a wide variety of winter squash to choose from, in many shapes, sizes, and colors. An enormous Blue Hubbard squash is fine for a large family, or for canning, but might not be convenient otherwise. The dark-green-skinned acorn and buttercup types are popular in small households because you can cut one in half to make two individual servings. Little Delicata and Sweet Dumpling squash are smaller still. For all-around use, the plain beige butternut type is the most practical, with its delectable flesh and its handy clublike shape. And don't hesitate to experiment with some of the heirloom squashes, in all their colorful variety. Pumpkins are divided into two general categories: the Halloween type, great for carving, but with watery, tasteless flesh; and the "pie" pumpkins, which are meaty and delicious for baking.
Grow. Squash can be sown directly or started ahead as transplants. In cold climates the latter is often wise, since they will need to mature before frost and some squash take quite a while to grow. A mulch can be helpful for keeping the fruits from rotting in moist weather, and for keeping the large expanse between plants weed-free. But weed removal can also be accomplished by hoeing, and before too long the leaves will blanket the ground.
If you're determined to grow winter squash but don't have enough room, there are a few creative solutions you can try. We've trellised the small ones such as buttercup by tying the stems to a lattice fence. We've planted a few in the compost pile and let the vines erupt there and trail down to the ground. And we've used the vines to cover a bare patch of ground where we would like to keep weeds from growing. If a squash vine escapes from the garden, you can always turn it around so that it heads back the way it came — or just let it take off through the fence and join the circus. As long as it's in an area you don't need to mow regularly, there's no harm in it.
As the season starts to wind down and you don't think the tips of the vines are going to form any more squash that will mature in time, you can snip off those ends so the plant will put its energy into ripening the ones that are well on their way.
Harvest. Unlike summer squash, winter ones do not have superior flavor at "baby size," but rather after they have fully matured and developed their full complement of nutrients and flavor. Picked before frost, to escape cold damage, they usher in hearty fall and winter meals. Harvest them with a sharp knife after they've achieved their full coloration, leaving several inches of stem, but don't use the stem as a handle to pick them up by. Treat the fruits carefully. They might look sturdy, but nicks and bruises will impair their keeping qualities.
If a light first frost sneaks up on you and touches the vines it will usually not affect the fruits' keeping ability. If they are not fully mature, and you think a spell of weather warm enough to ripen them might follow, spread a tarp over the fruits, gathering them together with the vines intact, as needed. If this has happened to you often, you would do better with an earlier-ripening variety. On the other hand, if the fruits are ripe by first light frost, harvest them all and round up the vines for the compost pile. After picking, spread the squash out in a warm dry place to cure.
Store. Not only do winter squashes store very well through the winter, but they do it without the need for a root cellar. A cool, dry room is all you need. A temperature of around 50 degrees is ideal. If a huge squash overwhelms you, share it with friends, or cook it up and mash it, then can or freeze it. I have even cut a big one into wedges and frozen them, as is. Freezing affects their texture, but they still make a good soup.
Cook. A winter squash has an interior cavity filled with seeds that are discarded–unless you choose to roast them with salt and butter or oil, for snacking. (There are "naked seed" pumpkins with delicious, hull-less seeds, but their flesh is useless, so you really need to love pumpkin seeds to take the trouble to grow this kind.)
The skin of a winter squash or pumpkin is hard to peel when raw, but easy to slip off after cooking. If left on, the skin often comes in handy, forming a serving vessel. Acorn and buttercup squash may be baked with butter, honey, and nuts in their cavities and eaten right out of the skins.
Squash flesh is often a bit stringy, which is not a defect, but if you prefer it smooth and nearly stringless, Butternut squash is the one for you. Its bright orange flesh is among the most flavorful, and makes beautiful, velvety soups when pureed. I also like its long straight neck, perfect for slicing into disks for the Butternut Squash Rounds. And then there's the spaghetti squash, which makes a virtue of all those strings, each one attached to a seed. Discard the seeds, bake or boil the squash, and then fork out the spaghetti-like strands. They are crunchy, mild, and delicious.
Reprinted with permission from The Four Season Farm Gardener's Cookbook by Barbara Damrosch and Eliot Coleman and published by Workman Publishing, 2012. Buy this book from our store: The Four Season Farm Gardener's Cookbook.
12 Herbs That Will Save You From Bug Bites
Are you struggling to keep those stinging bugs at bay? Employ these 12 herbs to help keep those bothersome insects away.
20 Unbreakable Rules for Becoming a Real Gardener
Follow these tips and you'll soon become the best grower in town!
Gift Guide: Yard and Garden
This year's Capper's Farmer 2019 gift guide for yard and garden includes a countertop garden, folding saw, hammock chair swing, solar lantern, bee house planter, garden gun and gloves.


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