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This property is for sale by the Modern Method of Auction which is not to be confused with traditional auction. The Modern Method of Auction is a flexible buyer friendly method of purchase. We do not require the purchaser to exchange contracts immediately, however from the date the Draft Contract is received by the buyers solicitor, the buyer is given 56 days in which to complete the transaction, with the aim being to exchange contracts within the first 28 days. Allowing the additional time to exchange on the property means interested parties can proceed with traditional residential finance. Upon close of a successful auction or if the vendor accepts an offer during the auction, the buyer will be required to make payment of a non-refundable Reservation Fee of 4.2% to a minimum of £6,000 including VAT, which secures the transaction and takes the property off the market. Fees paid to the Auctioneer may be considered as part of the chargeable consideration for the property and be included in the calculation for stamp duty liability. Further clarification on this must be sought from your legal representative. The buyer will be required to sign an Acknowledgement of Reservation form to confirm acceptance of terms prior to solicitors being instructed. Copies of the Reservation form and all terms and conditions can be found in the Buyer Information Pack which can be downloaded for free from the auction section of our website or requested from our Auction Department. Please note this property is subject to an undisclosed reserve price which is generally no more than 10% in excess of the Starting Bid, both the Starting Bid and reserve price can be subject to change. Terms and conditions apply to the Modern Method of Auction, which is operated by West Midlands Property Auction powered by IAM Sold. (Reservation Fee is in addition to the final negotiated selling price.)
Leaded light uPVC part opaque glazed entrance door leading to:
Having staircase with handrail rising to the first floor, leaded light uPVC sealed unit double glazed window to the front, central heating radiator, coved ceiling cornice and ceiling light point. Door to:
Having uPVC sealed unit leaded light double glazed windows to front and rear, two central heating radiators, power, coved ceiling cornice and two ceiling light points. Door to:
Having roll top work surfaces to two sides with a range of light wood effect units incorporating inset one and a quarter sink unit with mixer tap over, inset four ring electric hob with built in oven under and extractor canopy over, range of base units, drawers and wall cupboards, space and plumbing for automatic washing machine, space for tall fridge freezer, part tiled walls, folding door to understairs storage cupboard, wall mounted main "Combi Eco" gas fired central heating boiler, uPVC opaque double glazed window to side, laminate floor covering, power, coved ceiling cornice, ceiling light point and uPVC opaque double glazed leaded light door leading to the rear patio area and garden.
Having access point to roof void, coved ceiling cornice and ceiling light point. Doors leading off to all rooms.
Having uPVC leaded light double glazed window to rear, central heating radiator, power, coved ceiling cornice and ceiling light point.
Having uPVC leaded light double glazed window to front, central heating radiator, power, coved ceiling cornice and ceiling light point.
Having uPVC double glazed window to side, central heating radiator, power and ceiling light point.
Having a modern white suite comprising low level WC, pedestal wash hand basin and panelled bath with mixer tap shower attachment over, part tiled walls around the bath area, tiled splashbacks, laminate floor covering, central heating radiator, uPVC leaded light opaque double glazed window to rear, extractor fan and ceiling light point.
The property is set back from the road behind timber and hedged boundaries with the front garden being mainly laid to lawn with paved pathway and shared vehicular access leading to a further paved area used as off road parking.
The rear garden is larger than average and has a paved patio area, steps leading up to the raised area of shaped lawn with surrounding flower and herbaceous borders, outside water tap, security lighting, timber panelled fenced boundaries, garden store and double timber gates leading to the front of the property.


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Fair Pay Agreements: The implications
An interesting segment on a recent Nine To Noon programme. The NZ Initiative recently published a report which took major issue with the Bolger led working group which recommended Fair Pay Agreements and which some argue is a return to compulsory unionism and a recipe for constraints on business, employment and investment.
One of the report's authors Dr Bryce Wilkinson and BERL economist Ganesh Nana discuss with Kathryn Ryan
More on the report and what it says another time
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subset: commoncrawl


text: Visitors to IIMA Campus require prior permission. The Institute only permits secondary (9th Std. Onward), higher secondary and above to visit the campus. The group size will be limited to 30, including faculty/teachers of the Institute. It is mandatory for students to carry their school/college identity cards. Due to ongoing construction activity, the visit to the New Campus will be limited until March 2020. The visit to the Vikram Sarabhai Library and classroom areas are restricted. For more information on-campus visit to IIMA, please click here


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Today is the day to show pizzas all over the world our appreciation for their delicious flavors, wonderful aromas, and the undeniable satisfaction they provide us with. Not that we neglect to do it on a regular basis, but at least today we have a good excuse to consume them without feeling guilty about it. So if you, like us, want to participate in the celebration, here are pizza types you just got to try.
Grandma SliceSarahinloes [CC BY-SA 4.0], from Wikimedia Commons
Thin square crust pizza, with a layer of fresh cheese on the bottom and tomato sauce on top. You can add basil and grated cheese on top to enrich the flavor.
New York Style
The thick and crispy crust along the edges in contrast with the soft thin dough below the toppings, make it one of the most beloved pizza styles. It also allows you to fold in half and eat on the go, which is very New York Style. Traditionally, the toppings are tomato sauce and mozzarella cheese. You can add oregano and chili flakes to elevate the experience.
Detroit StyleCarbertWiki [CC BY-SA 4.0], from Wikimedia Commons
For thick crust pizza lovers, this is the pizza for you. Rectangularly-shaped, this thick-crisp crust pizza usually has pepperoni and mushrooms as its toppings. The extra thick crust is occasionally twice-baked, which give the edges and the bottom a fried crunchy texture.
Greek Pizza
Baked in a pan as opposed to a pizza oven, it is known for its chewy, focaccia-like crust. The pan is shallow and heavily oiled, as opposed to the deep dish pizza styles. The tomato sauce is typically thick with a strong oregano taste. The tomato sauce to cheese ratio favors the sauce, making the pizza very rich. The cheese is usually composed of a blend of mozzarella and cheddar.
Chicago StyleL. W. Yang from Los Angeles, California, USA [CC BY 2.0], from Wikimedia Commons
The deep dish pizza is a must if you visit Chicago or any place that offers it. The circular deep pan used to bake it gives the pizza high edges, which provides lots of space for cheese and tomato sauce. You can also add many toppings as you don't have to worry about anything falling down.
The Italian oven-baked folded pizza from Naples is a must. Typicaly made from salted bread dough, stuffed with salami, mozzarella, ricotta and parmesan. You can find different stuffings in different areas in Italy, but the delicious gist stays the same.
Meatball PizzaKim [CC BY-SA 2.0
Became popular in Upstate New York, this pizza covered with meatballs take pizza toppings to another level. With the gained popularity, more restaurants have started to include them as part of the menu. You can also find them in deep-dish style, which make them especially filling.
St. Louis Style
Popular in the Midwest of America, this pizza is distinctive due to its especially thin cracker-like crust, which is made without yeast. It also commonly features Provel processed cheese and cut into squares as opposed to wedges. The sauce typically has more oregano than other pizza types.
This pizza is distinguished by the specific local ingredients that are used to make it. The tomatoes are either San Mazano or Roma tomatoes from the volcanic plains to the south of Mounts Vesuvius. The cheese is Mozzarella di Bufala Campagana, made with the milk from water buffalo raised in the area of Campania and Lazio. The pizza is such a traditionally unique product that it is included on UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage.
Pictou County
Coming to us all the way from Nova Scotia, Canada, this pizza is unique for its "brown sauce" and Halifax-made pepperoni called "Brothers". The pizza is being shipped dfrozen across Canada.
Pizza Quattro Stagioni
For those of us who would like to share the pizza but can never decide on the toppings, this is the perfect solution. This pizza is prepared with four sections of diverse ingredietns. Originally each section represents a different season, but you can basically have it represent whatever you want as long as it tastes good.
Stuffed Crustjeffreyw [CC BY 2.0], via Wikimedia Commons
If you are still not satisfied with the pizza slice you have, you might be looking for a stuffed crust. It started with the cheese-stuffed crust by Pizza Hut, but later evolved into many different kinds of stuffing. Last one I heard about was hot dog one.


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Five Things I'm Excited for this Weekend
With a gorgeous long weekend ahead- here's the five things I'm most excited about! Dress: JOY*JOY Via 828 Boutique || Bow Wedges: Old Navy (Old, almost exact linked) || Clutch: c/o Peachy Pendants || Apple Watch (I just upgraded to a series 4!) Morning y'all & happy Friday! I am…View Post


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The Volvo S40 was a subcompact executive car manufactured and marketed by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1995 to 2012. Moreover, when showing your S40 some TLC, don't forget that a Volvo S40 workshop manual may be just the tool you need to get the job done.
In August 1995, Volvo launched a new vehicle line, calling the cars S4 and F 4. However, seeing as Audi already had reserved the ""S4"" name, Volvo decided to name the range S40 (saloon), and V40 (estate). These cars were based on a common platform with the Proton Waja and the Mitsubishi Carisma.
In 2000, Volvo gave the 40 Series (""Phase II"") a reworking, which entailed a number of technical improvements, diesel direct fuel injection, including improved engine management, extra safety features, new front suspension and steering, and revised rear suspension. A slight facelift gave it a more streamline look, and more substantial front indicators, slightly different front wings and front bumper, as well as minor instruments and fascia redesign. Later that same year it went on sale in the United States
The 40 Series cars were given 4-cylinder engines, such as a 1.9 L turbo diesel or 1.6 L, 1.8 L , 2.0T, 1.9 T4 or 2.0 fuel injected petrol engines all of which were by-products of the modular whiteblock engine series was developed for the Volvo 960 and carried in both 5 and 6-cylinder formats in Volvo's bigger FWD cars.
There was also a 1.8 L petrol direct injection engine provided by Mitsubishi. The Volvo S40/V40 series was a completely new vehicle from its tires all the way up to its roof, only one engine – the 1.9 turbo diesel – remained.
The low (2.0T) and high (1.9 T4) pressure turbo variants were located at the top of the motor range. The 2.0T was rounded down and rebadged as 1.9T and was the only engine offered in North America. The 5-speed manual transmission was made readily available in Europe with the 5-speed automatic transmission, though it was not certified in North American S40s. No electric CVT transmission was ever planned, unlike the 440 HTA / High Tech Auto CVT that had been launched before the 400 series' production was ceased entirely. So, remember if you ever need help servicing your S40, having a S40 service manual can make the job go smoother.


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Introducing ten immaculately crafted Eaux De Parfums that capture the spirit and glamour of Ralph Lauren's iconic "worlds." The exquisite scents express five striking destinations that have most impacted Ralph Lauren's personal and professional life: New York City, the French Riviera, the English countryside, the American West and Africa. Each …Read More »
Best Retro Hairstyle Trends 2016, 2017, 2018: Ralph Lauren Runway Fashion Week Looks By Redken
We're loving the chic, super shiny chignons and knots Redken Global Creative Director Guido created for Ralph Lauren's Fall/Winter 2008 runway show and 40th anniversary, which went down in history as one of fashion's grandest parties. On this #TBT we'll show you how to get the look! 1. Spray Redken pillow proof …Read More »
GIVEAWAY, Fragrance Preview: Ralph Lauren Limited Edition 15th Anniversary Romance Perfume Bottle
To commemorate a love story that started 15 years ago, Ralph Lauren Fragrances introduces the Limited Edition 15th Anniversary Romance Bottle. A long-celebrated classic fragrance, Ralph Lauren Romance captures the timeless essence of falling in love. It remains ranked a top 15 women's fragrance since its launch in 1998. Crystal …Read More »
GIVEAWAY, Preview: Ralph Lauren Romance Eau de Parfum Fragrance – Valentine's Day Gift Set With Dylan's Candy & Roses
Get ready to spend this Valentine's Day with a scent that was made for a woman! Inspired by the woman who believes in true love, affection, warmth and togetherness, this fragrance captures the timeless essence of falling in love – combining the sensual essence of velvety woods, extravagant florals and …Read More »
GIVEAWAY. Preview: Ralph Lauren Introduces The Big Pony Collection: A Fragrance Collection For Today's Multi-Faceted Woman
Contemporary life is an exciting, colorful multi-dimensional adventure for a confident young woman. She can no longer be defined by a single aspect of her life. Ralph Lauren celebrates her many facets and accomplishments with The Big Pony Collection for Women, a series of four fragrances embracing dynamic femininity. A …Read More »


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A DAHS facility is formerly known as an adult day care center. Becoming Licensed in Texas. DAHS facilities must be licensed to operate in Texas. To become licensed, a provider must submit an online application through the TULIP website. Properly complete a license application through TULIP. Nov 28, 2017 · The adult day care center must meet staffing requirements set by the Texas Administrative Code. In addition to educational and training requirements, background checks will need to be completed on all staff members and a search of the employee misconduct registry.
Read 42 reviews on 19 Adult Daycare Facilities in Dallas, TX. See detailed profiles, photos, amenities, reviews, complaints, and more. Call 1-888-305-1171 to speak to a skilled care provider now. Dallas adult day care centers offer seniors and their families potential respite and supervision for a short duration. Adult day care agencies give Dallas residents a temporary solution for caregiver relief. Seniors in the Dallas, TX area have 10 various adult day care facilities to consider when seeking respite care.
According to the 2015 Genworth Financial cost of care survey, the average cost of adult day care in Texas is $758 per month. The monthly base rate for Texas adult day care is typically lower when compared to neighboring states. Texas is also less expensive compared to the national average. This cost is the base cost for in Texas. The Adult Care Facility Centralized Complaint Intake Program's business hours are from 8:30am to 4:45pm Monday through Friday, excluding holidays. Complaints made after hours may be left on the hotline's voicemail system and will be addressed within 1-2 business days. Please include your name, phone number (with area code), and a brief.


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In a follow-up on the first screwworm infestation in the United States in decades, and the first in Florida in half a century, the number of endangered Key deer that needed to be euthanized because of the deteriorated condition caused by the screwworm is in the dozens since September.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, as well as partnering agencies, are implementing an aggressive eradication effort in order not only to protect the Key deer, but also to protect human health, Florida's livestock industry, and other animals including pets should the pest spread. FULL STORY
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Dead Sea, Jerusalem, Galilee, and Tel Aviv Tour - 2 Days
See Israel's highlights by visiting the Dead Sea, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Caesarea, Akko, and Nazareth on our two-day tour starting from Tel Aviv or Jerusalem, available with guaranteed departures four days a week. This tour is packed with some of the most significant cities and sites in Israel: the Dead Sea, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Akko and Nazareth and includes overnight accommodation in Tel Aviv. Led by our passionate and experienced team of guides and drivers, our two-day tour to the Dead Sea, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and the Galilee from Tel Aviv, Jerusalem is a great value way to soak up the highlights of Israel in a short time.
Departing from either Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, you'll first head to Jerusalem, visiting the major historic sites in the Old City including Via Dolorosa, Western Wall, and Church of the Sepulchre. From there, continue to the Dead Sea where you'll have a chance to bathe and float in the therapeutic water and muds. Check into your hotel in Tel Aviv and enjoy a free evening in the "Mediterranean capital of cool", with its buzzing culture and nightlife scene.
The next morning, we'll head north along the Mediterranean coastline towards Caesarea, the ancient Herodian port city for a tour of the national park. We will continue to Akko, the crusader city that is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The next stop of the tour is Nazareth in the heart of the Galilee, where we'll explore the Church of the Annunciation and the Old City. We will stop to take in the panoramic view of the Jezreel valley from the top of Mount Precipice before returning to the start point.
Dead Sea, Jerusalem, GALILEE and Tel Aviv 2-Day Tour Highlights
- Pickup from Tel Aviv, Jerusalem
- Float in the salty waters of the Dead Sea
- Visit Ein Gedi, a real desert oasis and swim in the waterfalls
- Walk down the ancient streets in the Old City of Jerusalem while visiting the Western Wall and other religious sites
- Visit Caesarea, the majestic Roman port city with a stunning amphitheater and remains of Herod's palace.
- Soak in the beauty of the Galilee region of Israel
- Tour Akko, the walled coastal city with six centuries of history left by Greeks, Romans, Ottomans, and Crusaders
- Tour Nazareth
- See the view of the Galilee and the Golan from the top of Mount Precipice
- Return to Tel Aviv
Important Information
- Dead Sea, Jerusalem, Galilee, and Tel Aviv tour is available with guaranteed departure four times a week.
- Extra nights before or after the tour are available (prices on request according to the season)
- Price includes – all transportation, entry fees, guiding, overnight in tourist class hotel
- Published prices are for double occupancy with Tourist Class hotels. For an upgrade to Boutique or Superior Class or single supplement rates, please inquire.
- Pickup in one city and dropoff in another is possible (for example, starting in Jerusalem and ending in Tel Aviv). Please indicate when booking
- Overnight for this tour is normally in Tel Aviv, though Jerusalem is available upon request
- A high season supplement applies to this tour during the following periods in 2019/2020: November (1/11/2019-30/11/2019) Christmas + New Years (23/12/2019 – 03/01/2020), Purim (06/03/2020 – 10/03/2020), Passover (07/04/2020 – 18/04/2020), Independence Day (28/04/2020 – 29/04/2020), May (01/05/2020 – 31/05/2020), Pride (07/06/2020 – 13/06/2020), Summer season (01/08/2020 – 31/08/2020), The High Holidays (15/09/2020 – 30/09/2020 and 10/10/2020 – 31/10/2020), Christmas + New Year (23/12/2020 – 06/01/2021)
- Cancellation fees are as follows:
Up to 14 days before departure - 95% of the total price
Less than 14 days before departure - no refund (Change of an existing package booking is possible for an extra fee and depends on the availability of hotels)
Tour Booking


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Macmillan Readers: The Tenant of Wildfell Hall without CD
The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is an adapted Pre-intermediate Level reader written by Anne Brontë. When the mysterious Helen Graham moves in Wildfell Hall with her son, it sets her neighbours talking. Who is Helen Graham and why does she keep her past a secret?
- English Type: British English
Key features
- Carefully controlled information, structure and vocabulary
- Glossary at the back of the book explains some of the difficult words and phrases
- The book has around 1400 basic words for Pre-intermediate-level students
- Points for Understanding section and Exercises contained within the back of the book


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Tag Archives: Second World War
Boulton Paul Defiant by Alec Brew
The Myths of the Boulton Paul Defiant
The aircraft most associated with Wolverhampton's Boulton Paul Aircraft Ltd, and the Black Country's highest profile contribution to the Second World War, was the Defiant turret fighter. It fought over the beaches of Dunkirk, two squadrons fought in the Battle of Britain, and then, during the dark nights of the Blitz, it was our most effective night fighter, seven Defiant squadrons operating against the German raiders using its unusual characteristics.
The Defiant was built to an official requirement for a fighter with all its guns concentrated in a power-operated turret. In the belief that bomber formations could only be broken up by fighters attacking in squadron strength, with pilots maintaining formation and gunners aiming the guns in their power operated turret. This theory had been around since the First World War, but finally came to fruition in the form of an official requirement in the mid Thirties, as bombers were becoming all metal, and much faster.
The Defiant was born in Norwich, where the Aircraft Department of the firm of Boulton & Paul Ltd had existed since 1915. It had recently been sold off and was having a new factory built alongside Wolverhampton's new Municipal Airport at Pendeford. The prototype was started at Norwich but its first flight was at Pendeford in August 1937, and a total of 1062 were to be built there.
The first squadron of Defiants, No.264, went to War over Holland as the Germans invaded but it was over the beaches of Dunkirk that it had its greatest day. In two sorties over the Channel No.264 claimed 37 German aircraft shot down, for no loss of their own. The first of the myths surrounding the Defiant was created that day. It was said that the Germans mistook them for Hurricanes, attacked from the rear and were shot from the sky by the concentrated fire of 12 four-gun turrets. This hardly stands up to a second's scrutiny, the majority of the German aircraft claimed were bombers, it was the Defiants doing the attacking. When they were attacked by Messerschmidts No.264 they adopted their practiced tactic of a defensive circle or spiral, and it didn't matter from which direction the Germans attacked, they were met with defensive fire. These were tactics they successfully used on several other occasions over the Channel.
The CO of No.264 was careful to explain these tactics to the second Defiant Squadron, No.141, which joined the fight over the Channel on 19th July 1940. A patrol of nine Defiants was attacked by superior numbers of Messerschmidts and was decimated, six of them shot down, another written off and ten aircrew killed. The myth arose that the Defiant was a sitting duck against single seat fighters. The truth is that No.141 did not adopt No.264's successful tactics, but continued to fly straight and level, and the Germans, who recognised the Defiants, took advantage. Even so the heavily outnumbered Defiants claimed four of the 109s in return.
Nevertheless the panic button was hit at Fighter Command, and No.264 Squadron who were actually in the air at the time, were ordered back to the ground. No.141 was taken out of the Battle to lick its wounds and re-equip. No.264 eventually re-joined the fight, and had many more successful days of daylight fighting. I have interviewed many Defiant aircrew from No.264, and to many they believed they could hold their own in daytime battles and did not have a bad word to say about the aircraft. It is apparently true that whenever members of the two squadrons met in bars there was trouble, because No.264 blamed No.141 for the Defiants soiled reputation.
The next myth now arose, that because the Defiants were failures during the day, they were relegated to night fighting. The truth is that, as the nights lengthened during the Autumn of 1940, the Germans increasingly attacked at night in what has been termed the Blitz, the front line was now at night, and the Defiants which had been designed as day or night fighters from the beginning, were the best available. They were faster than the clumsy twin-engined Blenheims, and in the days before radar they had the advantage over single-seaters of two pairs of eyes. In addition their very configuration enabled them to attack unsuspecting German bombers from below, silhouetted against the stars, and their gunners were often able to carefully aim for one engine or the other from very short range.
Seven squadrons of Defiants fought through the Winter of 1940/41, and then through the second Winter of the War, by which time twin engined heavier-armed, radar equipped fighters, like the Beaufighter and Mosquito, were becoming available. At the Wolverhampton factory, Boulton Paul workers would pin newspaper articles about Defiant successes on the noticeboard, with the words 'Our Work' scrawled across them.
Even when they were withdrawn from night fighting the Defiants found new frontline roles. They equipped five air sea rescue squadrons looking for downed airmen all around the coast, and often having to defend themselves over the contested waters of the Channel and the North Sea. One unit of Defiants also equipped the World's first electronic countermeasures squadron, No.515, jamming and spoofing German radar.
When even these roles were taken by newer aircraft, the Defiant still had an important role to play as a target tug, towing targets for ground and air gunners in theatres right across the World, from India to the West Indies. The Defiant served right through the War and is rightly revered by the people who built them, men and women.
At Wolverhampton's Tettenhall Transport Heritage Centre, which has a display about the Defiant, including a restored cockpit, volunteers still have to defend the aircraft when visitors repeat the myths that beset it. They can now point to Amberley's illustrated history of the aircraft to back them up.
Alec Brew's new book Boulton Paul Defiant is available for purchase now.
Rough Justice: The True Story of Agent Dronkers by David Tremain
The Enemy Spy Captured by the British
Many books have appeared about the various agents employed by SOE, the Special Operations Executive, as well as the German agents who landed in Britain during the Second World War, due to the ongoing interest in anything related to the war. Some of these are new accounts, while others are reappraisals of some of the more familiar names. There are, however, many who have yet to be discovered and written about. That was what I had in mind when I wrote Rough Justice. I had originally wanted to call it The Spying Dutchman, a pun on Wagner's The Flying Dutchman, but the book required a title that better reflected the seriousness of the subject matter, so it was changed.
The story of Johannes Marinus Dronkers and his two Dutch compatriots, Jan Bruno de Langen and John Alphonsus Mulder, is a fascinating one as it reveals MI5's methodology in handling spy cases since the war began. Yet while MI5 had successfully rounded up all the spies working for the Abwehr within a few days of their landing, and turned some of them into double agents, the cat-and-mouse game played by both sides would sometimes appear as amateurish. It's true MI5 had ISOS, the breaking of Abwehr hand ciphers, on their side which gave them forewarning of Dronkers' arrival, but their decision to prosecute him under the Treachery Act (1940) and not to turn him as a double agent under the Double-Cross System was something I was curious about and wanted to explore. It also reflected how the Germans used these three men as pawns and how one, at least, was sacrificed for the greater good.
What got you interested in the story in the first place? My interest in Dronkers' case stems from 1981 when a brief entry about him appeared in British intelligence historian Nigel West's unofficial history of MI5's early years. Dronkers' yacht had been towed into Harwich, my birthplace, so that got my attention. A slightly longer account of his story appeared in 2000 in a declassified history of Camp 020 on Ham Common, London written by Lieutenant Colonel Robin 'Tin-Eye' Stephens, the Camp's former commandant. The official files on the case had been released to the National Archives at Kew in 1999 but it wasn't until the winter of 2014/15 that I discovered that most of them were now available digitally, meaning that I was able to download them from the comfort of my home in Ottawa. As I had retired in 2010 I now had the time to research the case fully.
Why did you write the book? At first I hadn't actually intended to write a book, but as I started reading the official files I began to realize that there was more to Dronkers' story than met the eye. It wasn't just a simple wartime spy story, but one which raised a lot of serious issues about how spies were treated during wartime, something which other authors of the genre have since commented on. It was a story that needed to be told. I'm not an historian but I've always been interested in history, right from when I was a small boy. Later it developed into military history and espionage. Most of what I'd written before had been professional papers on various heritage-related subjects in my former profession as a paper conservator and dealing with museum security, but never a book about espionage; however, I felt I was up for the challenge. After that, it just took off.
Researching the case. As well as Dronkers' and Mulders' files (there were none available on de Langen) I also needed to access files on other characters (British, German and Dutch) which helped to complete more of the jigsaw. I had some help in tracing the genealogy of the families from a second cousin of de Langen in The Netherlands. By a process of elimination I was able to uncover the identity of who I believe was Dronkers' controller, the mysterious 'Dr Schneider', and with the help of a pharmacist friend information on Dronkers' recipe for secret ink. One file I had declassified under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), although one page still remains unavailable in spite of attempts to get it released; a couple of other files which had not be digitized were seen when I went to Kew just before Christmas 2015. Particularly revealing were the judge's notes from Dronkers' trial. What struck me was by the peculiar way in which the court drama unfolded and the language of the courtroom during the trial, originally held in camera but now open for all to see. Was Dronkers really a spy? Was he really guilty of the charges of which he was accused? Had he been set up by the Germans and/or the British? Did British authorities go too far in this particular case, or were they justified in their actions? In the modern counter-terrorism context, these are questions of the sort that are also being asked today with regard to torture, 'extraordinary rendition' and legislation aimed at international terrorism. The war years were difficult times, and desperate measures needed to be introduced to curb the Nazi threat of world domination, but those measures seem as barbaric then and, at times, as unjust, as they do today.
Spoiler alert! Also that year, before the book was published in 2016, my wife and I visited the Museum of London's exhibition The Crime Museum Uncovered, which displayed artifacts from Scotland Yard's Black Museum, items hitherto not available to the public. There in one section was the hangman's kit from Wandsworth Prison, complete with a series of nooses, straps and hood. I froze. Could one of these have been the noose used to hang Dronkers? This was a surreal moment and as close as I had come to his eventual demise.
David Tremain's new paperback edition of Rough Justice: The True Story of Agent Dronkers, The Enemy Spy Captured by the British is available for purchase now.
D-Day Through German Eyes by Jonathan Trigg
How the Wehrmacht Lost France
Who Did the Allies Face in Normandy on D-Day?
In the early summer of 1944, Berlin knew the Allies would soon land in Continental Europe, and had assembled 850,000 men and over fifteen hundred panzers to face them. Who many of these men were is one of the most fascinating stories of the Second World War.
Amidst the barbed-wire entanglements and sandbag bunkers of Hitler's much-vaunted Atlantikwall, a stern-faced sentinel stares out to sea, eyes fixed on the horizon, watching for the Allied landing fleet. His rifle is slung over his shoulder, and on his head sits his turban…turban?
Yes, turban, because this was no member of the Nazi master race – the Aryan herrenvolk of Goebbels's delusional propaganda – but a Sikh rifleman in the Wehrmacht's Infanterie-Regiment 950 (indische), recruited by a Calcutta (modern-day Kolkata) lawyer from former British Army POWs.
Several thousand strong, the origins of one of the Nazis' most bizarre and least well-known units lay in British India's powerful independence movement. Under the guidance of its spiritual leader – Mohandas Gandhi – the Indian National Congress believed in a non-violent path to self-rule.
However, not all its adherents were wedded to that approach, and one above all – Subhas Chandra Bose – thought freedom would only come through armed struggle.
Escaping house arrest, the bespectacled firebrand arrived in Nazi Germany in April 1941 and offered to form an army to help drive the British out of his country. With German support he toured the POW camps filled with Indian soldiers captured in the fighting in North Africa. One such prisoner – Barwat Singh – remembered his arrival;
"He was introduced to us as a leader from our country who wanted to talk to us. He wanted 500 volunteers who would be trained in Germany and then parachuted into India. Everyone raised their hands."
In no time the 'Indian Legion' – or more dramatically the 'Tiger Legion' as it was occasionally called – numbered almost three-thousand men and was being trained and equipped as the vanguard of a future Nazi invasion of the Raj.
German defeats at El Alamein and Stalingrad put paid to that fantasy, and the now-purposeless unit was instead sent west to help man the German defences against the anticipated Allied landings. The build-up to D-Day found it on France's Atlantic coast at Lacanau, near Bordeaux, as part of Kurt von der Chevallerie's 1. Armee.
As it turned out, the Allied fleet never appeared off Bordeaux, instead its destination was Normandy – some three hundred miles to the north.
There, the Allied troops would face Friedrich Dollmann's 7. Armee, which, although without any Indian troops in its ranks, was itself a phantasmagoria of nationalities that mirrored more the polyglot forces of Europe's Middle Ages than the national armies of the Twentieth Century.
On the beaches themselves, the Allied assault troops would face three of Dollmann's divisions; the 352nd, the 709th and the 716th.
The latter two were 'fortress' formations; disparagingly called bodenständige (literally 'rooted to earth') divisions, or more simply 'belly units' – many of them equipped with a single motor vehicle; the commanders staff car.
Only two-thirds the size of normal German infantry divisions, the ranks of the 709th and 716th were filled with the middle-aged, medically unfit or previously-wounded; men like Martin Eineg:
"Although I was tall, I had a chronic lung condition which technically classed me as 'unfit for active service'. Nevertheless I was sent to France to man the Atlantikwall,"
There was also Gustav Winter:
"I suffered very badly from frostbite during the first winter in Russia…I lost the little fingers on each of my hands…also the tip of my nose, and my toes were damaged as well."
Standing next to Eineg and Winter were thousands of men of dubious military value; the men of the Ost-Bataillone ('East Battalions'), ex-Soviet prisoners-of-war or deserters, as well as thousands of beutedeutscher ('booty Germans') – ethnic Poles and Czechs caught up in the war against their will, men like Aloysius Damski:
"I am a Pole. I was working in the office of a munitions factory…when the manager called me in and said I could either go into the German forces or be declared 'politically unreliable', which almost certainly meant a concentration camp. I was only 20-years-old and I loved life, so I chose the army. After training I was sent to Normandy to a mixed unit of Poles, Czechs, Russians and some German NCOs and officers."
On the morning of 6 June the Allies made swift work of much of the defences, as attested by Emil Thiem, an ethnic German farm worker from outside Warsaw who was on Utah:
"I was manning a mortar with my comrades, but it was in an open pit, so we stayed in a bunker a few metres away. The bombardment was terrible….one of my comrades put his head round the corner of the bunker to try and see what was going on, and as soon as he did he was hit by shrapnel – his whole head was gone, just like that…we climbed out of the bunker with our hands up and that was that, our war was finished."
Not everything went the Allies way though, an intelligence lapse meant they hadn't picked up that the 'belly' 716th defending Omaha had been reinforced by the 352nd. The 352nd was no élite – its rankers were mainly 17 and 18-year-old conscripts with just a few weeks basic training behind them – but they had a core of experienced veterans and they were ready:
"The Americans were about four hundred metres away from us. I did not sight on them individually at first, but I began firing and swept the gun from left to right along the beach. This knocked down the first few men in each line; the MG 42 was so powerful that the bullets would often pass through a human body and hit whatever was behind it.
So many of these men were hit by a bullet which had already passed through a man in front, or even two men…"
Despite German resistance the Allied landings were astonishingly successful. What followed would become known as the battle of Normandy as the Allied armies poured onto the beaches and came face to face with an all-together different German army, one characterised not by the belly soldiers of the fortress divisions, but by the panzergrenadiers and tank crews of the Waffen-SS and the Panzer-Lehr.
Jonathan Trigg's new book D-Day Through German Eyes: How the Wehrmacht Lost France is available for purchase now.
'Aristides de Sousa Mendes' Heroes in the Shadows by Brian Fleming
Humanitarian Action and Courage in the Second World War
During the course of World War Two a number of diplomats in various parts of Europe used their positions to save thousands of individuals. Of these, Raoul Wallenberg is by far the most famous but there were others whose heroic deeds need to be better known. One interesting example is that of the Portuguese diplomat Aristides de Sousa Mendes. Under the dictator Salazar, Portugal, like its neighbour Spain, was determined not to become involved in WW2. Sousa Mendes, a lawyer by profession, served in his country's diplomatic service and took up duty as Consul General in Bordeaux in 1938. The following year, Salazar, anxious not just to remain neutral but to be seen to be so, issued an instruction to his nation's diplomats that visas were not to be issued to various categories of people. Essentially this covered all refugees who might be seeking access to Portugal. Exemptions could only be granted with sanction from the Foreign Ministry in Lisbon. It is clear that from the very start that Sousa Mendes was uncomfortable with this restrictive approach. He began to make exceptions without prior clearance and put forward, to the authorities, retrospective justification for his actions. The numbers involved were quite small but the situation changed radically in 1940 as French resistance to the Nazi invasion began to collapse. Millions fled south, many to avoid conflict but others, notably the Jews, had far more specific reasons to leave France. Hundreds approached the consulate in Bordeaux seeking assistance.
The pressure began to tell on the diplomat and he became indisposed in mid-June with what he described subsequently as a breakdown. Clearly he was in a very difficult situation caught between his instructions from Lisbon and his humanitarian instincts. Happily the latter proved decisive. For the next few weeks he began to issue visas to all who needed them. Obviously Salazar's government could not tolerate such defiance and he was recalled, an instruction he complied with but not in any great hurry. Estimating the numbers he saved is difficult as visas often covered more than the individual holder but included family members such as children. Some have suggested that between him, and his colleague Emile Gissot in Toulouse who followed his lead, 20,000 were saved. Certainly a figure of 10,000 would constitute a conservative estimate. The noted Holocaust scholar, Professor Yehuda Bauer has described the role played by Sousa Mendes as perhaps the largest rescue operation by a single individual during that period. Subsequently the career of Aristides de Sousa Mendes was destroyed on the direct instructions of Salazar. Sadly he lived in relative poverty for the remainder of his life and his actions were airbrushed from history. Eventually the truth began to emerge and a campaign in the US by a group including the diplomat's son, John Paul, bore fruit in 1986 when seventy members of congress wrote to the then Portuguese Prime Minister asking that the good name of Aristides de Sousa Mendes be restored. Two years later the Portuguese parliament unanimously adopted a motion striking out all charges against Sousa Mendes and marked the decision with a standing ovation. Further recognition has followed in Portugal and in Bordeaux where he made his wonderfully courageous decision.
Brian Fleming's new book Heroes in the Shadows: Humanitarian Action and Courage in the Second World War is available for purchase now.
Spitfire Leader: Robert Bungey DFC by Dennis Newton
Tragic Battle of Britain Hero
When you visit the Australian War Memorial in Canberra you can find Robert Wilton Bungey's name low down on Panel 114 in the Commemorative Area. It is shown as 'BUNGEY R. W.' under the heading 'PERSONNEL UNITS'.
Ask about him at the entry desk and you will find out that Bob Bungey was in the Royal Australian Air Force, that his service number was 257414, his unit was No.4 Embarkation Depot Adelaide, and that he was a squadron leader. You will learn that he died on 10 June 1943 and you will be informed that his death was 'accidental'. And that is about all.
But, that is not all – not by a long shot! There is so much more to Bob Bungey and his story than just that.
Nothing informs you that Bob Bungey also had another service number, 40042, a Royal Air Force number, and that he was a wing commander who was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
Nothing tells you that he was a Fairey Battle light bomber pilot flying operations along the German/French border from the very first month of the Second World War and that he survived the overwhelming German onslaught through France in the desperate days of May and June 1940.
Nothing tells you that he volunteered to fly fighters and that he was lucky to survive when he had to ditch his shot up Hurricane. Bob Bungey's name is not only found in the Australian War Memorial, it can also be found on memorials throughout Britain – those commemorating the Battle of Britain - and over the years it has cropped up in many publications.
Nothing informs you that he was the very first Australian to command the very first Australian Spitfire squadron, No.452 RAAF. Nothing lets you know that this squadron achieved the pinnacle of its achievements under his leadership, and at times he successfully led an entire Spitfire wing on operations over the Continent.
Nothing informs you that he was one of the few pilots who actually flew the Spitfire which is on display in the Australian War Memorial.
Nothing tells you of his role in the RAF's fledgling Air/Sea Rescue Service while in command of a 'front line' airfield just across the Channel from the enemy, and nothing tells you of his connection with Britain's Combined Operations Command.
Nothing reveals the tragic circumstances of his homecoming after more than three years of 'front line' service. What happened in Adelaide on 10 June 1943 was not an accident – but what followed afterwards was a miracle.
None of these things will be revealed when you ask at the desk.
Now at last, for the very first time, Bob Bungey's story is finally told in full in Spitfire Leader by myself, Dennis Newton, and Richard Bungey, Bob's son.
Dennis Newton and Richard Bungey's new book Spitfire Leader: Robert Bungey DFC, Tragic Battle of Britain Hero is available for purchase now.
Normandy Crucible by John Prados
The Decisive Battle that Shaped World War Two in Europe
The Allied Intelligence Advantage
The first-generation histories of D-Day and the Allied campaign in, and breakout from Normandy were written at a time when the success of Allied codebreakers remained a deep secret. Hence the contributions of ULTRA, an umbrella term for the product of work against the German codes, was lost to history. Since the 1970s and the revelation of ULTRA, conversely, this intelligence source has often been represented as omniscient, making the Allies supremely aware of every Nazi maneuver. Neither version is correct. There were inherent limitations on what potential ULTRA had, but given those boundaries, it is impressive what advantages the codebreakers provided for the Allied side in this decisive campaign in the West.
For the European Theater, codebreaking activities were centered at Bletchley Park, location of the British Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS). By the spring of 1944 some 5,600 people here worked on deciphering, translating, or interpreting messages intercepted by legions of radio operators located throughout the war zones. British and Americans worked together. But what they could accomplish also depended upon what was possible. We have actual data on German communications for just one day—January 31, 1945—because Hitler's operations staff chief, Colonel General Alfred Jodl chose to record the numbers. That day Fuehrer Headquarters fielded 120,000 telephone calls, sent or received 33,000 messages by high-speed teleprinter (geheimschreiber), and dealt with 1,200 radio messages. Only the radio messages—if intercepted—were fully vulnerable to decryption. Teleprinter traffic was proof so long as it went by landline (sometimes radio transmission became necessary). Between July and September 1944, for example, the Allies recovered an average of only 56 of the teleprinter messages daily, a minute fraction.
The other key drawback was that ULTRA could provide only what passed over communications. For example, Hitler gathered the German commanders Von Rundstedt and Rommel at Margival on June 17 where they made a strategic decision to respond to the Allied invasion by means of a multi-corps offensive. Many German actions over subsequent weeks concerned gathering the forces for such an attack, finding a target, or countering Allied moves which could make the offensive impossible. But the only message traffic about Margival concerned Hitler's movements or those of his generals.
Given those caveats, a survey of ULTRA revelations during the Normandy campaign shows just how valuable it was:
– ULTRA plus radio direction finding identified the headquarters of the Germans' Panzer Group West, hit by a powerful air raid on June 10, wounding its commander, Colonel General Geyr von Schweppenberg.
– Hitler suspected his generals of defying orders to send more troops into the Norman port of Cherbourg, demanding a run down on the garrison. ULTRA got the June 18 response, providing Allied leaders with a complete order of battle on the Germans at Cherbourg.
– On June 24 ULTRA could report that the II SS Panzer Corps, with 9th and 10th SS Panzer Divisions, were arriving at the front, but that they had had to detrain in eastern France, almost a week earlier. This bespoke the effectiveness of the French Resistance and Allied air attacks in disrupting German communications.
– On July 5 ULTRA warned that the powerful Panzer Lehr Division would transfer from the British to the American sector. This came in time for air attacks to block roads, delaying the move. A few days later ULTRA warned Panzer Lehr would attack.
– To help General Montgomery's operations, on July 10 and 14 ULTRA provided the troop list for German forces defending the Bourguébus sector.
– When the Americans moved to break out of their end of Normandy by means of Operation Cobra, ULTRA provided a succession of intelligence tips—quickly, that German stocks of artillery shells were running short; on July 26 a complete order of battle for the defending German LXXXIV Corps; on the 28th and again two days later that the corps had lost contact with its entire left wing; on July 29 warning of a panzer concentration for an attack into the U.S. flank; and on July 30 notice that the battered Panzer Lehr Division had begun leaving the front.
– During the first week of August ULTRA reported the concentration for what became the Germans' Mortain offensive, and, when that appeared to fail, on August 9 a Fuehrer order to continue the attack, even though risking being caught in the developing Falaise Pocket. Ironically, Hitler sent his order by radio because, after the July 20 Plot, he did not trust the landline networks to transmit his directives.
– On August 17 ULTRA intercepted six of the ten parts of the message from the German high command in the West to withdraw from Normandy, beginning the Nazi maneuver to escape the Falaise trap. That the Allies ultimately could not seal the Nazis in was a product of tense command decisions, German desperation, and field coordination problems, not a lack of intelligence.
Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, an intelligence officer with Omar Bradley's American army group, once wrote that 70 percent of the best came from combat intelligence, by which he meant aerial scouts, the Resistance, and prisoner interrogation. This list of ULTRA accomplishments shows that Kirkpatrick indulged in a bit of deception of historians. Alternatively, the 30 percent includes some pretty incredible intelligence, which went far towards ensuring Allied victory in Normandy.
John Prados's new book Normandy Crucible: The Decisive Battle that Shaped World War Two in Europe is available for purchase now.
Norfolk's Military Heritage by Neil R. Storey
September 2019 marks the 80th anniversary of the outbreak of the Second World War and after five years of special events, exhibitions and projects to commemorate the First World War this book looks at the long military history of the county of Norfolk from its early fortifications and conflicts between the Iceni and the Roman occupiers right up to the end of the Second World War, hopefully there will be many stories and images that will be new to the reader, even if they have enjoyed studying local military history for many years. That's the enduring grip such a subject has on a historian, there is always something new to discover, even if you think you know a subject well.
Norfolk is one of England's largest counties, it still has thousands of acres of rich, fertile agricultural land and has had human settlements since the earliest times, along with their resulting conflicts. Add to this a coastline stretching nearly 100 miles from The Wash to Hopton-on-Sea with a number of natural harbours and navigable waterways and dear old Norfolk has been a target for raids and invasions down the centuries too. Perhaps these are some of the reasons why Norfolk people have a natural propensity for standing up for themselves and what they believe is right. Famously, in ancient history the Iceni were led in battle by Queen Boudica in a campaign that almost drove the Roman occupiers out of the British Isles and that fighting spirit remains in the blood, mingled with that of the Saxons, Vikings and Normans.
I wanted to show a variety of perspectives of the earliest fortifications, not just those visible at ground level and John Stevens kindly allowed me to use some of his brilliant aerial photographs of Norfolk's remarkable early fortifications such as the Warham 'Ring,' Burgh Castle and Castle Acre, and even took a few more especially for the book. Notably, during our exceptionally dry summer of 2018 the marks of the ancient roads buildings and walls of Venta Icenorum the Roman administrative centre that was established over the old Iceni settlement at Caister St Edmunds, had not been quite so clearly seen for years and having seen many of the old images of the site in black and white from when it was first discovered it was great to see them in colour at last.
Norfolk people have risen in rebellion on numerous occasions against oppression and to defend their way of life, notably during the Peasant's Revolt in 1381 and Kett's Rebellion of 1549. Ultimately they faced forces that were larger and far better armed than them but rise they did and made their point.
During the English Civil War despite being predominantly in favour of the Parliamentary cause both Royalists and Parliamentarians made their stands in the county and many Norfolk men joined Regiments that fought in some of the notable actions of the war around the country. Captain Robert Swallow raised the 'Maiden Troop'of Cromwell's Ironside cavalry in Norwich and ultimately Norfolk formed part of the Eastern Association which proved to be the backbone of the Parliamentarian forces by late 1644.
Norfolk fighting men have demonstrated their steadfastness and courage in battle again and again, notably through two World Wars. Lieut-General Sir Brian Horrocks summed this up in his special introduction to the volume on The Royal Norfolk Regiment in the Famous Regiments series in which he said:
'The Royal Norfolk Regiment has always been renowned for its steadfastness and reliability in difficult situations. In fact it is the sort of Regiment which all commanders like to have available in order to plug a difficult gap. This staunchness has been developed over the years, for wherever the fighting was fiercest, climatic conditions most vile and the odds against victory most daunting, the 9th Foot was sure to be there.'
This spirit is also reflected through the service of Norfolk personnel in the Royal Navy, in the Royal Air Force and even among those on the home front through dark times, danger and disaster. The veterans many of us knew from the First World War are now all gone and sadly those who answered the call on both the home front and on active service during the Second World War are fading away too. I hope, in some small way, this book will encourage new generations to appreciate their experiences and sacrifices and will provide inspiration and a good starting point for future research.
Norfolk has been the scene of riots, rebellions, sieges and military actions over past centuries and the landscape is dotted with earthworks, defences, moats, fortified manor houses and latterly pillboxes and other fixed defences from the First and the Second World Wars. Some of these are now long gone, others are ruins and some remain remarkable bastions to this day. This book does not attempt to be encyclopaedic but I hope it will highlight some of the most interesting places and inspire a visit to those open to the public. Above all I hope it will introduce the story of our local regiments and our military past to anyone with a budding interest in the subject be they Norfolk born and bred, resident or visitor and deepen their appreciation of Norfolk's rich military heritage.
Neil R. Storey's new book Norfolk's Military Heritage is available for purchase now.
D-Day: The British Beach Landings by John Sadler
Stan Hollis wins the VC
Stanley Elton Hollis was born on Teesside in 1912, so he was in his thirties when he landed on Gold Beach with 6th Battalion Green Howards. His battalion had trained hard up by Inverary on Scotland's hard north-west coast. Reveille on 6th June for the Green Howards was around 02.30 with a decent breakfast for those who had the stomach. Getting down via the nets into the landing craft wasn't easy; the violent pitching of both vessels and the ungainly weight of kit wasn't conducive to smoothness. If the motion of the ship was bad, this was much worse and the laden bobbing craft had to cruise around in circles, till like a line of ducks they set off in line abreast, 'A' Company on the left and 'B' on the right.
Stan identified a German strongpoint dead ahead as they cruised in to land, (in fact it was a railway shelter), and grabbing a Lewis gun he rattled off a full pan of ammo. The gun was stripped of its water cooling jacket and, as he hefted it clear of the bracket, forgetting it would be red hot by now, he badly blistered his hand!
The plan called for Stan to lead mortar-men and Bren gunners from each platoon to charge ahead and set up at the high water mark, providing smoke and covering fire to get the rest through the belt of mines ahead. On their right a tank brewed up, one of ours obviously and the turret hatch bowled along the sand, a lethal projectile but no-one was hurt.
Up the beach and onto a low ridge of dunes festooned with thick wire entanglements. Birds were sitting apparently unconcerned on the coils. One wag suggested they had no choice as there wasn't any room left in the sky. Ahead now was a dense belt of mines. 'D' company were first through after their assault engineers had gapped, Stan and the others followed the reassuring lines of white tape. Beyond the minefield lay Meuvaines ridge and Mont Fleury Batteries.
Once through the hedge beyond the belt of mines, the Green Howards were fully exposed to the attention of the German defenders dug in on the higher ground. Inch by fire swept inch they crawled forward, Major Lofthouse had spotted the pillbox that was doing most of the damage. Hollis saw it too and stormed forward his Sten chattering, he made it and lobbed a grenade in, killing two defenders and persuading the rest to give.
He barged ahead, up a shallow communications trench aiming for a larger bunker whose inhabitants went into the bag 'about eighteen or twenty'. A pretty decent haul and it turned out these were the fire control team for the battery up ahead. It was only 09.30 and they could see enemy bolting from their positions but not that far, falling back behind a sheltering wall and firing. Hollis saw one German crazily loping along the top of the wall. Swapping his Sten for an Enfield rifle, he brought the fellow down first shot but was lightly wounded in the face just after.
On they went into the village of Crepon. With Lieutenant Patrick now dead, Stan was commanding 16 Platoon and the Major ordered the company to check/clear the several farmhouses lining the approach road. Stan broke and entered one of the silent steadings; it seemed deserted except for one terrified boy, perhaps ten or eleven, the effect of seeing this ferocious, blood garnished veteran bursting in must have been utterly terrifying. As he came out to check the rear an enemy round smacked off the back yard wall, fragments whizzing. Aside from a pair of excited local canines, he could just about make out an enemy gun. His day was far from over.
Stan Hollis won the VC for his actions, the only one to be awarded on D-day.
John Sadler's new book D-Day: The British Beach Landings is available for purchase now.
Women's Experiences in the Holocaust by Agnes Grunwald-Spier
Why I wrote my three books in my pensioner years
One morning in Budapest during the autumn of 1944, an unknown official in charge of deporting Hungarian Jews sent back all the women accompanied by children. My Mother, Leona Grunwald, was one of those women and I was a tiny baby in her arms.
I have no means of knowing who that official was and what his motives were for what he did. I cannot know his name or his fate, but it is chilling to think that but for his actions I might have been murdered before I was aware of life. I would have become one of the 1.5 million Jewish children murdered in the Holocaust – what lives would they have had and what could those children have achieved?
My Father, Philipp Grunwald, was taken away by the Hungarian Fascists in 1943 and like all the other Hungarian Jewish men sent to the Russian front had a truly dreadful time. Unlike many, he came back to Budapest in March 1945 and saw me for the first time – I was nine months old. My parents managed to leave Hungary in 1946 and we arrived in England in May 1947. My Father was very embittered and wouldn't have more children – he said it wasn't a world to bring children into. In 1955 when his business failed, he committed suicide – I was 10.
I have lived with these facts all my adult life and knowing the impact of the Holocaust on our lives I tended to avoid the subject. If something came up on the TV I turned it off and I deliberately avoided reading about it. The only time I deviated was during the Eichmann Trial in 1961 when I was 17. I came home from school every day to read the detailed reports in the newspaper. However, I have no recollection of discussing it with my Mother, but we may have done.
This continued until 1995 when Sheffield City Council brought the Anne Frank Exhibition to Sheffield. I volunteered to represent the Jewish community on the committee and as a result of my new contacts heard that an MA in Holocaust Studies was being set up at Sheffield University. After some thought I decided to do it and signed up in September 1996. One of my reasons was my three sons who were then 17, 14 and 11. I wanted them to know my history because it was their's too and I needed to be able to answer their questions. They appeared to be ordinary Englishmen but, of course, they were not.
I wrote a dissertation about the rescuer Varian Fry. He was not the stuff of which heroes are traditionally made. Yet he was for many years the only American recognised as a 'Righteous Among the Nations' – he chose to involve himself in another continent's woes. He crossed the Atlantic Ocean to become embroiled in Europe's horrors. He was an unassuming man who after the fall of France in June 1940, offered to go to Vichy France, to rescue refugees for the Emergency Rescue Committee (ERC). He only offered to go if nobody else could be found, and he went because nobody else was found. He was meant to rescue 200 artists and writers on a list produced by the ERC, using visas obtained by President Roosevelt's wife Eleanor. In the end he probably saved about 4,000 refugees.
This research left me with a keen interest in the motivation of rescuers and why they took considerable risks to save people they often did not know.
As George Eliot wrote in the final sentence of Middlemarch:
For the growing good of the world is partly dependent on unhistoric acts; and that things are not so ill with you and me as they might have been, is half owing to the number who lived faithfully a hidden life, and rest in unvisited tombs.[1]
I wanted to ensure that some of those in unvisited tombs became well known and their occupants were honoured for their courage – that's why I wrote my book The Other Schindlers. It was published in 2010 when I was 65 and did remarkably well selling 13,000+ copies world-wide.
A year or two later I discovered I really missed both the research and the writing. I had done research before and knew I liked it, however I had not expected to enjoy the process of writing so much. So I started looking at the people who had betrayed the Jews – there was no shortage of material. Four years later I had produced a 640 page volume which was published in January 2016 and is now available in paperback in the US.
I had long thought about women's experiences in the Holocaust particularly in the light of my mother's struggles having me during the Holocaust. A new publisher wanted to commission a book and when I suggested this, they were very keen. We agreed that I would use women's own diaries, letters, memoirs, books and also some interviews. I found some amazing women with remarkable stories. Unfortunately, again I had too much material so some women had to be left out. This book was published in the UK in January 2018 and is now available in the US too.
I haven't made my fortune from these books (well not yet) but I didn't write them for the money. However I received an MBE from the Queen for being a Trustee for the Holocaust Memorial Day Trust and my work on 'Holocaust awareness' in 2016. On 12 January 2018 I received an Honorary Doctor of Letters from Sheffield University for my work on the Holocaust and received an Honorary Doctor of Arts from Oxford Brookes University on 22 June 2018. However my real reward is knowing that I am telling people the truth about the horrors of the Holocaust.
Agnes Grunwald-Spier's new paperback edition of Women's Experiences in the Holocaust is available for purchase now.
[1] George Eliot, Middlemarch, (London: Penguin, 1994) p.838.
The Merlin: The Engine That Won the Second World War by Gordon A. A. Wilson
The name sure conjures up a strong mysterious presence from a bygone age and that is what the Rolls-Royce Merlin is; not an ancient wizard from mediaeval times but a high-performance aircraft engine from another century. Over eighty years ago Frederick Henry Royce sat at his desk and further developed in concept some previous successful engines into the very successful Vee shaped twelve-cylinder liquid cooled aircraft engine.
The Royal Air Force fighters and bombers would never be the same after the introduction of the Rolls-Royce engine into their airframe. Names such as the Hawker Hurricane, Supermarine Spitfire and de Havilland Mosquito fighters and the Avro Lancaster bomber became synonymous with Britain's victory in World War Two. The aircraft manufacturers provided the body, but it was Rolls-Royce that provided the heart to ensure that each aircraft, depending on its role, performed to the maximum at both very high or very low altitudes, and everything in between.
The finest example of this was when the Merlin engine replaced the Allison engine in the North American Mustang. It turned the technically superior airframe into arguably the best all round fighter/fighter escort of the war. The addition of jettisonable, 'drop', fuel tanks allowed the Mustang to escort the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress all the way to Berlin and back and be a very effective fighter escort.
The name Rolls-Royce itself brings an understanding of precision, performance and unmistakeable beauty. Henry Royce started his innovative engineering by trying to build a better mousetrap, notably to improve his own twin cylinder Decauville. This he succeeded in doing and then followed up by developing his own car, a 10 Horsepower twin cylinder model. Joined by Charles Rolls in 1906 the partnership flourished. The backroom boffin and the aristocratic salesman adventurer, how could it fail? It did not, and the foundation was set for a company which today is known throughout the world.
The Rolls-Royce cars continued to improve for the next eight years and then the First World War intervened, production stopped except for some chassis conversions to armoured cars. Lawrence of Arabia comes immediately to mind driving his Rolls-Royce in the desert. The government immediately approached Rolls-Royce about building the Renault V8 and RAF 1a engines. As before, Royce, after examining these engines, immediately set out to design his own. He did, and it was called the Eagle. Royce had taken his experience with a V12 liquid cooled engine into the air. Twelve years from the road to the air. Aero engine development would accelerate rapidly for the next 100 years and Rolls-Royce was leading and competing with the 'big boys' of the aviation world.
The Eagle was followed by the Falcon, Hawk and Condor. All names conjuring up powerful birds freely soaring at will in the sky that they owned. Immediately after the war two Eagle engines proved themselves by powering a Vickers Vimy, under the command of John Alcock and Arthur Brown, non-stop across the Atlantic. The Kestrel and Buzzard engines maintained the company's momentum until the entry of Rolls-Royce to win and capture for perpetuity the Schneider Trophy.
The Buzzard was taken and developed to produce horsepower with little or no restraint for longevity, to last just long enough to complete the course at maximum horsepower. This was the ultimate learning foundation for the Merlin which would follow soon after. Streamlining, weight, special fuel and maximum supercharger performance was the total, only, demand of the R engine. Rolls-Royce succeeded by winning the 1931 contest, third time in a row. The Trophy now resides in the Science Museum, London.
The Goshawk appeared off the drawing boards using an evaporative or steam cooling system. The condensers changing the steam to liquid were bulky, inefficient and susceptible to damage. Its only claim to fame, before it was cancelled, was its installation in the Supermarine Type 224, which became the Spitfire. Something else was needed and that something was the Merlin.
1933 was in the middle of the transition of the biplane to the monoplane. Reduce the lift in half by removing a wing and it required the remaining wing to travel faster to achieve the same lift. Faster speed required more power and efficiency from the engine and the propeller. During this important transition and demand on engine design and performance the engineering heart of Rolls-Royce died in April 1933, Frederick Henry Royce passed away.
The momentum of his engineering foresight and guidance resulted in the personnel of Rolls-Royce to produce and run the Merlin for the first time in 1933. Twenty years from the Eagle to the Merlin. Changes to cylinder heads and block castings followed looking for the perfect balance of performance and ease of construction. This was an all risk situation for the company. If the Air Ministry was not interested in the Private Venture 12 engine, all the Rolls-Royce resources would have been for nothing and it would have been a very costly venture.
The Air Ministry loved the engine and to keep up with the demand had the engine built under licence in the USA. The biggest improvement for the engine came from the speeds and stages of the supercharger attributed to Stanley Hooker. The Merlin continued to develop from 740 to over 2,000hp in the Merlin 133/134.
In 2019 the eighty-six-year-old engine still can be heard in the skies of the world. Flying Avro Lancasters in Britain and Canada thrill the aviation enthusiasts with the sound of four Merlins at air shows. Ground running Lancasters in Lincolnshire, England and Alberta, Canada thrill the crowds. Add to this the sights, who can not admire the elliptical wing of the Supermarine Spitfire, of the Hawker Hurricane, the de Havilland Mosquito and the North American Mustang.
It is not the sight of the aircraft alone that thrills the audience but the unmistakeable sound of the twelve cylinders of the Merlin. Can you imagine the sound of the Merlins at the Reno air races in the USA? I look forward to the 100th anniversary, it is only 16 years away. I cannot wait!
Gordon A. A. Wilson's new book The Merlin: The Engine That Won the Second World War is available for purchase now.


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For Grace
Directed by Kevin Pang and Mark Helenowski
For Grace
Curtis Duffy, one of the country's most renowned chefs, is building his dream restaurant despite the nightmarish state of his personal life. The recipient of two coveted Michelin stars, Duffy has a laser focus on his cooking career that cost him his marriage and two young daughters. His ambition is to make his Chicago restaurant, Grace, the best in the country. For Grace follows the building of the restaurant from concrete box to its opening night. It also revisits Duffy's turbulent childhood: how a teacher recognized talent in a troubled teenager; how an unimaginable family tragedy made Duffy seek refuge in the kitchen; and how cooking took from him as much as it gave. Synopsis courtesy of FilmBuff.
Best Documentary, Niagara Integrated Film Festival
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"I am participating in a sponsored campaign hosted by Emergen-C®. I received compensation for this post. While all opinions stated are my own, I make no claims about Emergen-C® as a product or its effectiveness."
We tend to take a lot of things for granted in our day to day lives. Modern conveniences like WiFi, smartphones, laptops, tablets, cable, Netflix, etc. Even things like air conditioning, microwaves, refrigerators, washing machines- really the list could go on. From the chairs that we sit on, the computers or laptops that we type at, the cars we drive or the buses that we take; we really do tend to take this stuff for granted. Even the water that we use and consume on a daily basis, and not just for drinking, we take that for granted too. Clean water matters, not just for drinking, but also for cooking, bathing- almost everything that we do.
10 Reasons Why Clean Water Matters
1. Clean water is vital to the human body.
The human body is 50 to 70 per cent water, and needs a regular supply of clean water to maintain health. We need clean drinking water. We need clean water for cooking and making beverages. Healthy eating and clean water go hand in hand. We must work to get clean water worldwide in order to maintain sufficient sources to supply this need.
2. Clean water is vital to our food.
If we fail to clean water and keep it clean, we will be shut up to a diet of contaminated food. Not only fish, but other meats, fruits, and vegetables will deliver contamination to us. If we want healthful, clean fish to leap forth from rivers, streams, and oceans, we need clean water. If we want healthful, organic produce, we need clean water to irrigate produce.
3. Clean water is vital to human health.
Clean drinking water is vital to health, yet the 663 million people around the globe lack access to clean drinking water. The health consequences are devastating. The UN attributes 2.2 million deaths annually to poor water and sanitation. If we helped give access to clean drinking water, provide better sanitation, and teach people how to keep water clean, future generations can enjoy longer and healthier lives.
663 million people around the world lack access to one of life's most basic needs: clean and safe water.
Mainly women and young girls bear the burden of carrying water. They often spend up to 3 hours every day finding water and walking miles hauling 40-pound Jerry Cans. As a result, girls can't go to school because they are spending most of their day getting water.
Do you know what 40 pounds looks like?
I couldn't imagine having to carry that amount of weight for an extended length of time.
Upload your picture to Instagram or Twitter with the tags #40Pounds and tag @EmergenC For every #40Pounds picture uploaded, Emergen-C® will donate $5 to charity: water. All of the proceeds will go directly to funding sustainable water solutions in Ethiopia.
The #40Pounds Challenge demonstrates the weight of water women and girls have to carry every day to provide water for their families. As long as this weight has to be lifted on a daily basis, women and girls will be held back from education, access to basic personal care and safety.
4. Clean water is essential for water sports.
A swimmer in clean water is safe from illnesses and diseases produced by contaminated and toxic water. A surfer does not have to fear swallowing water in a wipe out. Boaters and others who use our water for recreation can relax without concern about pollutants. Yet, 27 years after the passage of the 1972 Clean Water Act, 40% of our rivers, lakes, and estuaries were still too polluted for safe swimming and similar water sports.
5. Clean water is essential for fish and other wildlife species.
As humans, we must consider the needs of fish, whales, water fowl, and other wildlife species that live in water. We must clean water when there are oil spills, of course, but we must also work to clean water flowing into our oceans, lakes, rivers, and streams. We must clean water for wildlife that does not live in the water, but depends on clean water for health and cleanliness.
6. We need clean water to cut down on our carbon footprint.
The emissions involved in producing bottled water are astounding. Pablo Päster, Sustainability Engineer and MBA, did a thorough and exhaustive study of the cost of bringing a single liter of Fiji Water to America. He found that bottlers use nearly seven times more water to bottle it than you actually drink. The total amount of water used to produce and deliver one bottle of imported water is 6.74 kg! In the process of making the bottle, getting water into the bottle, and delivering it to you, 250g of GHG emissions were released.
7. We need to conserve clean water to cut down on refuse.
Each plastic drinking-water bottle takes hundreds of years to biodegrade in a landfill. Many plastic drinking-water bottles litter the countryside. Some will be recycled, but the recycling process is said to pollute the environment with toxic carcinogens. If we clean water so that it is truly free of contaminants, additives, bacteria, and virus, people are less likely to rely on bottled water.
8. Clean rain and snow are not givens.
Rain is just one step in the water cycle. Pure rain does not automatically fall through the universe, filtered by the atmosphere and delivered from pure clouds. Neither does pure snow. The rain, snow, and other precipitation we receive find their way into the sky from bodies of water on earth. If we fail to conserve clean water on earth, we will have increasingly polluted precipitation. Polluted precipitation is harmful to everyone and everything on which it falls.
9. We need clean water for all-around cleanliness.
Whether it's your laundry in the washing machine, your carpet beneath the cleaning machine, or your body under the shower, clean water is necessary for all-around cleanliness. From early preschool years onward, children are taught proper hygiene – and it depends on clean water.
10. The consequences of inadequate access to clean water are too great.
Many have expressed growing concern that water wars are more likely in the future than current battles for oil. Where access to clean water is the very essence of life, "no water" may mean "no peace." A failure to clean water now may result in global warfare for future generations.
So how can we help and how can we bring clean water to those who may need it most?
charity: water is a non-profit organization that brings clean, safe water to people in developing countries around the world. 100% of public donations go directly to funding sustainable water solutions in areas with the greatest need. To learn more, please visit charity:water
Emergen-C has a long history of giving back. The brand has donated to a wide variety of causes that have benefited both the community and the environment, including causes that support breast cancer awareness and research; improvement of the nation's water quality, vitamin A for children that lack access in developing countries; and poverty alleviation through microcredit in communities around the world. Emergen-C gives because the company believes that we all have the power to make the world a better place.
Clean drinking water is at the core of the Emergen-C product experience, so the partnership with charity: water seems natural for the brand. For more information on the partnership and #40Pounds Challenge, please visit emergenctransforms.com.
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So some more stuff...
I had recently fixed the rear hatch power locking system (posted in another thread).
The issue I still had was that the hatch would unlock but not open on its own. I recall that being the case when it used to work back in the psychedelic 80's..
So here is a quick fix that worked for me.
The problem was that on one of my latches the pan head would catch on the a side and hence the hatch would not release and would have to be pulled up.
The dilemma was that yes I can adjust the latch to center the pan head, but which way to move it...move it the wrong way and and the hatch won't open even with a key. The only way to open it then was to crawl in through the back seat into the hatch and loosen the latch (2 M6 nuts ) and then it could be pulled open. (At my size this is not an option I would like to pursue often
So the solution occurred to me while the dentist was adjusting my new crown (on tooth not head).
He would put a blue dye on it and made me bite down, then examine where the crown was impacting my other teeth and be able to tell where to adjust.
So I put a piece of paper tape on the pan head. See pic
Sorry about the clarity stupid phone camera..
Then I used a spring loaded clamp to keep the latch unlocked all the time. See pic
Now I just closed and opened the hatch manually, kind of like chomping down in your mouth. The tape showed which side the pan head was catching the latch. See pic
Thus knowing which way to adjust I just loosened the 2 M6 nuts moved the latch that way and tightened it. See pic
No further twiddling needed worked like a charm. Push button in the car, presto hatch opens
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City's favourite businessman offering 'unheard-of program'
A TOOWOOMBA tyre company is offering a new program which the owner says is "unheard-of in the tyre industry."
On Monday Liebke Tyres is introducing its Liebke Integrity Guarantee.
The program has three elements including unlimited kilometre warranty, lifetime manufacture warranty and free insurance.
Owner Chris Liebke is often seen as Toowoomba's favourite businessman, known for his wonderful customer service and charitable donations.
He said he new program was another way he could thank his customers.
"We have been around for 28 years and built this business on integrity," he said.
"I want to be able to give my customers peace of mind knowing that what they buy from us will always be quality.
"They will know that if they buy from us and ever have any issues we stand by our products."
From Monday, October 8 all tyres purchased will come with the Liebke Integrity Guarantee.
Although this was not Mr Liebke's intention, the program is another way it will cement his reputation as one of the most generous business owners in the Garden City.
Last year he raised money through his business to buy presents for children in foster care for Christmas.
Earlier this year he also announced his continuous his charitable donations by offering 1% of all turnover in 2018 to four groups around town, as part of the Liebke Tyres Community Chest.
Liebke Tyres is located at 46 Clifford St, Toowoomba.