text: OUR PROJECTS Rokwil Head OfficeLocation: 9 Old Main Road, Kloof.Read more. Keystone ParkLocation: Keystone Park, Hammarsdale.Read more. Cornubia SquareLocation: Umhlanga / Mount Edgecombe.Read more. 25 000 sqm WarehouseLocation: Keystone ParkRead more. Mr Price Group DCLocation: Keystone Park, Hammarsdale.Read more. Pepkor DCLocation: Keystone Park, Hammarsdale.Read more. Malda PackLocation: Keystone Park, Hammarsdale.Read more. Umlaas JunctionLocation: ERF 41 Umlaas RoadRead more. Umlazi Mega CityLocation: 50 Griffiths Mxenge Hwy, Umlazi. Read more. Pioneer CampusLocation: Pioneer Road, Kloof.Read more. Victory Road OfficesLocation: 2 Victory Road, Kloof.Read more. Judges Court – OfficesLocation: Pioneer Road, Kloof.Read more. Eureka EstateLocation: Off the D409, Camperdown.Read more. Rockwood Mini FactoriesLocation: Nguni Way, Brackenhill, Waterfall.Read more. Lakeview Mini FactoriesLocation: Nguni Way, Brackenhill, Waterfall.Read more. Cato ZuluLocation: 38 Old Main Road, Cato Ridge. Read more.


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Events for January 26, 2019
Events Search and Views Navigation
All Day
Tarrytown Rotary Club Book Drive
All funds raised will be used to purchase books for the Tarrytown School district grades 1-5. A preferred author's list is available at Village Bookstore To purchase yourself, please visit Village Bookstore. To donate money for books via credit card, visit www.tarrytownrotary.org Or make check out to: Tarrytown Rotary Foundation P.O. Box 2 Tarrytown, NY […]Find out more »
Family Halloween Fun @ Sing Sing Kill Brewery
A free family Halloween event at a brewery means fun for the kids AND the adults! Join us at Sing Sing Kill Brewery on Sunday, October 27th to create memories with the fam this spooky season. Entertainment Hour from 1-2pm: Kids can enjoy pumpkin bowling, a giant 10' long coloring page, Halloween-theme word searches & […]Find out more »
12:00 pm
Exhibit Cecil TOUCHON @ Canfin Gallery
Touchon transforms verbal language into handsome geometric compilations, to reveal the beauty and musicality of language characterized by warmly colored shapes, interlocking irregular grids and rich surfaces. His works are solid, yet visually fluid compositions of striking acuity. Cecil Touchon was born in 1956 in Austin, Texas. This celebrated artist's career has spanned over three […]Find out more »
4:00 pm
Rock Island Sound Tarrytown Open House
Meet one of our new instructors: Emanuel Cregan (guitar/ukuele) and get a free 15-minute lesson! Call 914 333 0420 or respond to this email for more information. Emanuel received his first guitar from legendary Irish rocker Brush Shiels when he was a young lad and started playing soon after. He was already writing songs by […]Find out more »
7:00 pm
Murder Mystery at The Castle
Murder Mystery at The Castle will take place in the beautiful Caramai Ball Room at Castle Hotel & Spa in Tarrytown, NY. You're invited to attend the "Billionaires' Private Club" for their Annual Member's Party, where the murder mystery will occur… Help get this soiree back on track by trading clues with guests, gathering information […]Find out more »
8:00 pm
The Maccabeats
Often travelling with little more than the shirts on their backs and the ties on their necks, the Maccabeats have entertained and inspired hundreds of audiences worldwide, from Alabama to (New) Zealand and everywhere in between. Using nothing more than the human voice, a clean-cut presentation, and a little Jewish humor, this unique group of […]Find out more »

subset: commoncrawl


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This Korean BBQ Ribs recipe features a traditional and authentic marina for the most delicious, tender and succulent BBQ ribs you can have.
Which Ingredients Are Korean BBQ Ribs?
- Pork ribs or beef short ribs
- Candy
- Soy Sauce
- Onion Powder
- Scallion
- Garlic
- Pepper
- Sesame oil
Now, this recipe requires a lot of onion powder. Half a glass to be precise! Make sure you plan to buy your supplies at the market. You can use it if you want, but it really adds a wonderful crust and wonderful flavor out of the ribs.
- 2 1/2 lbs pork ribs or beef short ribs
- 1/2 cup sugar
- 1/2 cup soy sauce low sodium
- 1/2 cup onion powder
- 1/4 cup green onions chopped
- 1/2 tbsp garlic chopped
- 1/4 tbsp black pepper ground
- 1 tbsp sesame oil
- In a large bowl mix all the ingredients together except the ribs.
- Add the ribs and toss around so that each rib is covered in the marinade.
- Cover bowl with plastic wrap or transfer to a plastic bag and refrigerate overnight.
- Next day preheat oven to 400 F degrees. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper and place ribs on baking sheet. Bake ribs until done, about 30 minutes. Alternatively you can barbecue them on the grill.
- You can also slow cook these in the oven at 200F degrees for 5 to 6 hours.
- Please keep in mind that nutritional information is a rough estimate and can vary greatly based on products used.
Nutrition Information:
Calories: 553kcal (28%)Carbohydrates: 39g (13%)Protein: 42g (84%)Fat: 24g (37%)Saturated Fat: 9g (56%)Cholesterol: 122mg (41%)Sodium: 1208mg (53%)Potassium: 948mg (27%)Fiber: 2g (8%)Sugar: 26g (29%)Vitamin A: 60IU (1%)Vitamin C: 4.7mg (6%)Calcium: 79mg (8%)Iron: 5.7mg (32%)


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6 Months : From Jul 2019 to Jan 2020
By Francesca Fontana
Nvidia Corp.
Chip makers are holding out hope for a trade deal. Semiconductor stock Nvidia was among the day's top gainers Thursday after the U.S. and China said they would hold talks in Washington in October. The impending talks have rekindled hopes for progress after the two countries recently escalated tensions with fresh tariffs. Nvidia shares gained 6.5% Thursday, while peers Micron Technology Inc. and Qualcomm Inc. gained 4.7% and 2.5%, respectively.
Alphabet Inc.
Alphabet-owned YouTube agreed to pay a $170 million fine to U.S. authorities investigating alleged abuses of children's privacy on the widely viewed video platform. The Federal Trade Commission and the New York state attorney general announced the penalty Wednesday after a yearlong investigation. The probe was a response to complaints from consumer groups that YouTube illegally collected data on children to sell ads for products such as Barbie dolls and Play-Doh. The FTC said YouTube tracked internet activity for children under age 13, with the goal of keeping viewership high. Alphabet shares added 1.1% Wednesday.
Tapestry Inc.
Tapestry has a new leader. The handbag company that combined the Coach and Kate Spade brands ousted Victor Luis, who has been chief executive for five years, on Wednesday and said he would be succeeded by board Chairman Jide Zeitlin. Since Coach acquired Kate Spade & Co. and changed its name to Tapestry in 2017, the Kate Spade brand has struggled. Mr. Zeitlin, who will remain board chairman, said he wasn't planning any management changes at Kate Spade or elsewhere in the company. Mr. Zeitlin is a former Goldman Sachs executive who has been on the board since 2006. Tapestry shares gained 5.1% Wednesday.
CVS Health Corp.
Almost a year after the deal closed, the CVS-Aetna merger is finally official. A federal judge approved a Justice Department settlement late Wednesday that allowed CVS to acquire Aetna for nearly $70 billion. While the deal closed last November, U.S. District Judge Richard Leon has spent months questioning whether the settlement did enough to protect competition and consumers. On Wednesday, he said the health-care markets at issue in the case "are not only very competitive today, but are likely to remain so post-merger." CVS Health shares gained 1.8% Thursday.
Match Group Inc.
Investors are swiping left on Match Group. The stock fell 4.6% Thursday after Facebook Inc. announced it is launching a dating feature in the U.S., a competitor to Match's dating websites and apps. Facebook users over the age of 18 can opt in to Facebook Dating and create dating profiles that helps them find people with common interests, events and groups. The dating profiles will be separate from the users' main profile. The Facebook feature is already available in 19 other countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Singapore and Thailand.
Kroger Co.
The largest U.S. supermarket chain is jumping on the meatless train. Kroger shares gained 0.7% after the company said Thursday it will roll out plant-based burger patties, grinds and other products. The announcement comes amid rising consumer interest in new meat replacements that have been added to menus at big fast-food chains and other restaurants. Kroger -- which also sells Beyond Meat Inc.'s meat-replacement products -- will put its own plant-based deli slices, sausages and other products on shelves at 1,800 of its 2,800 stores this fall. The company said those products will be priced below the offerings from Beyond Meat but wouldn't say by how much.
Fannie Mae
The Trump administration said late Thursday that it would support privatizing mortgage-finance giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and said it wanted to curtail the firms' roles in housing finance. Left unresolved were several key questions, such as what to do with the government's large stakes in the firms, how to build up their capital so they can operate as private companies again and how to shrink Fannie and Freddie's footprint in housing. The two companies guarantee about half of the U.S. mortgage market. The process could take years. The lack of specifics and the murky timeline sent shares of Fannie Mae down 8.8% Friday, while Freddie Mac fell 8.2%.
Write to Francesca Fontana at firstname.lastname@example.com
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
September 06, 2019 17:37 ET (21:37 GMT)


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About Us
The Shen Yun Shop carries official Shen Yun products instilled with the beauty seen on stage. These creations embody the essence of China's divinely imparted culture and are created with traditionally inspired designs that you can only find in Shen Yun performances.
These artistic creations are part of your lasting memory of the performance and, most importantly, will allow you to put a touch of Shen Yun in your life.


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"Metamaterials" Laboratory
About the laboratry
This laboratory was established as part of a scientific research project supported with a monetary grant awarded by the Government of the Russian Federation under a grant competition designed to provide governmental support to scientific research projects implemented under the supervision of the world's leading scientists at Russian institutions of higher learning, research institutions of the governmental academies of sciences and governmental research centers of the Russian Federation (Resolution of the RF Government No.220 of April 9, 2010).
Grant Agreement No.: 11.G34.31.0030
Host institution of higher learning:
State educational institution of higher professional education "Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky"
Scientific research area:
Project goals:
1. To conduct theoretical and experimental research of physical an primarily wave processes in meta-materials;
2. To research methods of creating such processes;
3. To develop devices based on new meta-materials for applications in radio-electronics and photonics.
Key project objectives:
1. To perform computer-assisted modeling and experimental research of frequency dependencies of the penetration and reflection factors of microwave radiation interacting with microstrip photonic crystals containing nanocomposites based on dielectric matrixes with inclusions in the form of carbon nanotubes;
2. To research surface and bulk acoustic waves in one-dimensional and two-dimensional phononic and phonon-magnonic crystals and to develop technologies that can be used to create 1D and 2D phononic crystals and microwave acoustic-electronic devices on their basis;
3. To research the interaction between THz electromagnetic radiation and electron-hole plasma in semiconducting and metallic nanostructures of complex shapes;
4. To develop technologies that can be used to create and research the properties of a new class of planar wave-directing structures based on ferromagnetic films with periodical and quasi-periodical micron- and submicron-sized impurities (magnonic crystals, ferromagnetic laminated structures on metallic ad semiconducting matrixes).
Anticipated project outputs:
The project will help develop new measuring and functional devices and instruments for radio-electronics and photonics.
Leading scientist
Leading scientist's full name: Nikitov, Sergey Apollonovich
Academic degree and title:
Doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor, associate member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Job titles:
Deputy Director of the Institute of Radio Egnineering and Electronics named after V. A. Kotelnikov; head of the department of applied informatics at MEPhI; head of the department of information security of the Russian New University.
Field of scientific interests:
1. Radio-electronics
2. Physics of condensed matter
3. Nanotechnologies
Scientific recognition:
- State prize for young scientists for a significant contribution to research in physics (1984);
- State prize for pedagogic activities and scientific research in "Wave Electronics" (2009).


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New Zealand's Racing Industry Transitional Authority (RITA) admitted concerns that the Racing Industry Bill does not offer enough flexibility for the roll-out of new betting products, but revealed that a bill regulating online betting may be in the works.
The International Betting Integrity Association (IBIA), the integrity monitoring body previously known as ESSA, has entered into a betting integrity cooperation agreement with the Malta Gaming Authority (MGA).
Filippos Antonopoulos built Vermantia from a startup challenging the leading land-based and online gaming suppliers to part of the industry establishment, after Arena Racing Company (ARC) bought into the business. With a new venture in the payment sector now underway, he discusses how being a latecomer to a mature market is no barrier to growth.
GVC Holdings has revised its full year profit projections upwards for the second time this year after the operator's online and European retail growth helped offset a weaker performance from its UK retail arm.
Swedish operator association Branschföreningen för Onlinespel (BOS) has requested an urgent meeting with the country's gaming regulator in the wake of a number of operators being fined for an apparent breach of the country's Gambling Act.
In the second part of iGaming Business' rundown of the year to date's most popular news stories, we see that viewers were particularly interested in US developments, while regulatory progress in Germany also attracted a lot of hits.
Half the year has now passed, with the year dominated by advertising crackdowns, new regulatory restrictions and signs that long-awaited market openings may finally be moving into view. iGaming Business looks at the biggest stories from the first six months of 2019, and examines their impact on the igaming industry.
Sports betting integrity monitoring body ESSA has rebranded as the International Betting Integrity Association. It has also revealed a sharp decline in suspicious betting alerts generated by tennis over the first quarter of 2019, with the total number of alerts across all sports down 26% year-on-year.
Having explored the need for an overhaul of the look and feel of the UK's licensed betting offices, the second part of the feature looks at the technology that could help shape the sector's sports-led future.
The B2 maximum stake cut to £2 has led to a lot of gloom about retail betting in the UK. But the enforced changes to the sector could be offset if bookmakers invest in making shops more welcoming
The UK Gambling Commission has set out its business plan for 2019-20, with a continued focus on protecting consumers, preventing gambling-related harm and raising overall standards in the industry.
The British Horseracing Authority (BHA) has published an updated version of its whistleblowing policy as part of an effort to clamp down on issues that threaten the integrity of the sport.
Happy Friday igamers! This week, we marvel at the Daily Mail's latest expose of the sector, admire the barefaced cheek of one Aussie chancer down under and ask why the delay guys?
Playtech has reported a 54% year-on-year increase in revenue for 2018, though growth for the year was largely down to the acquisition of Italian operator Snaitech, with the solutions giant's B2B division struggling.
The first day's panels at ICE VOX 2019 saw speakers talk up the need for cooperation between operators and regulators if the industry is to survive in the face of increasing regulatory pressure and worsening public opinion. Speakers also highlighted the importance of clarity on issues such as the Department of Justice's reinterpretation of the Wire Act and what is expected of operators when it comes to player protection.


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Extract of Micajah Keath and Susan ReplogleMarriage Record - Madison County, TN
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September 2008
Volume 2, Issue 1
Our Mission: The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences is a student-centered and diverse learning community that engages in critical inquiry extending knowledge to enrich and enliven individual and public life.
CLAS College Office Monthly Newsletter for Faculty
Dean Antczak Declares Casual Costume Friday on October 31 On Halloween, feel free to come in costume. Treats available in the College Office.
Center for Scholarly & Creative Excellence Opens The Center for Scholarly and Creative Excellence was established this year with the goal of fostering a culture of scholarship by supporting faculty and students in their research and creative activities. The University has appointed Robert Smart as director of the Center. Bob comes to this position after twelve years as a faculty member of the Chemistry department in CLAS. He has personal experience in the faculty balancing act with roles as teacher, scholar, and university leader. He has worked with many of you in the past and looks forward to serving you in his new role in the future. More information about the Center, its services and mission are available at the Center's website: www.gvsu.edu/csce. "We have embraced this opportunity to develop a teacher-scholar centered plan that is transformative and addresses the needs of the University's diverse faculty population. Our strategic plan will promote a culture of scholarship on campus while at the same time enriching the quality of education for our students," Smart said. At their annual retreat last month, all CLAS Unit Heads received a briefing on the Center.
Frederick J. Antczak, Dean, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences
Welcome to our 43 new colleagues and welcome back to you all. I've got a particularly good feeling about this academic year. At our CLAS start up meeting I noted the thoughtful applause for the Provost when she spoke about the recent policy decisions of the Board of Trustees to fund a quality education here and to provide partner benefits. For eight units the long awaited moves to new premises are now complete (or nearly so). There is an excited buzz about the new campus facilities. The strategic plans are up on websites and almost anyone you ask--faculty, staff, innocent passers-by--can tell you that the accreditation team from North Central will be here October 13-15. In other words, many long awaited plans and projects are coming to fruition. While we are celebrating the new, please join me in welcoming to a new position Aaron Perry, who will be filling the position of Director of Lab Support. Sandi Bacon is working closely with Aaron during the transition and in particular until the new person comes aboard to fill Aaron's shoes as Lab Support Supervisor. We have a lot to look forward to this fall and it all starts this month. Sometime when your calendar is open, have a look at your Fall Arts Celebration brochure lest you miss a wonderful event like the Debut concert by our remarkable new Music faculty on September 8 or the lecture by Stephen Greenblatt on the 24th. September 24th will be a very big day-the Open House for the new Mackinac Hall addition will be held from 9:30-11am. We're eager to welcome staff and faculty to the addition and hope you'll make a point of coming over to have a look. Details will be available soon. Family Weekend will be held on and around September 27 and will once again feature participation by the Shakespeare Festival, an AWRI research vessel, and demonstrations by faculty from Movement Science. The CLAS Alumni Board will be meeting on Saturday, September 6. I'm happy to report that two of the newest Board members are both faculty and alumnae, Cindy Hull (ANT) and Shannon Biros (CHM). What an invaluable perspective they will bring! And that got me thinking. At such a young university we are not always accustomed to the legacies that older institutions often enjoy. But that is changing quickly. If you or someone you know is a faculty or staff member here who has a son or daughter attending GVSU, please bring it to my attention. We'd like to profile these GVSU parents and students. There is simply no stronger endorsement of a university than the approval the people who know it best. And there is no stronger approval than entrusting your son or daughter to us. The flow of good news continues. Congratulations to Robert Rozema of English on the publication of Literature and the Web, Reading and Responding with New Technologies (Heinemann, 2008). Deborah Herrington is going this month to Cape Town, South Africa as a visiting scholar in chemical education. The E Coli research of the younger and elder Rediske seemed to be in every newspaper in the state. And it looks good for future faculty media coverage in coming months with the unveiling of the new GVSU website on our faculty expertise germane to the election campaign. In the College Office the pace of life remains brisk. I'm co-teaching with Danielle Wiese a course on the rhetoric of the election. Associate Dean Gary Stark is teaching a History course on Fascism, and our Director of Communications, Monica Johnstone is teaching Business Communication. Interim Associate Dean Donna Larson is working with the Curriculum Committee, developing tracking systems for our student issues as well as for assessment reports and self-studies, and will be involved in the smooth transition to the new permanent Associate Dean. AD Jann Joseph is at the time of writing making her way around Hurricane Gustav and back from a conference to us so that she can attend a training workshop of the National Council of University Research, represent us on PTEAC, assist in the orientation of our new Lab Safety Specialist, and continue her work on our behalf with Facilities. Gary will be working with units to build the 2009-10 schedule of courses, confirming the personnel actions for 2008-09 and the sabbatical eligibility list, assisting units with faculty searches being conducted this year, and facilitating the Fall faculty governance election (if needed). As many of you heard in my talk at start up I've set the College the challenge of improving our graduation rate by 2012 by 10%. The curricular reviews many departments are engaged in and our new CLAS Academic Advising Center certainly have a role in making this happen. I imagine as we look closely at this challenge, we'll see many factors are involved and that some creativity will be involved in finding solutions. I'm glad to have such a devoted and talented team to crack this nut. I'll be giving graduation data to units soon, but it's not too soon to begin the departmental discussion.
Save the Date: Announcing Three Out-of-the-Box Events! You are invited to participate in one of the Out-of-the-Box events being offered for the first time this fall. These new workshops will facilitate our research efforts and productivity by helping CLAS faculty members help themselves. Philosophy underlying the workshops: CLAS faculty can facilitate one another's research by developing flexible, creative, innovative, and cooperative solutions to common problems. How will we do this? Workshop participants will identify common impediments to research productivity, then collaborate to develop potential solutions that draw upon the creative use of existing resources, skills and expertise. The ideas generated in each workshop will be reported back to the faculty as a whole so that all may benefit. We encourage faculty from all disciplines to participate. We expect innovative, creative thinking to emerge as faculty with diverse perspectives develop "out-of-the-box" solutions to common problems. Events are tentatively scheduled for: Thursday, Sept. 25 12:00-2:00 p.m. (lunch incl.)
Friday, Oct. 31 8-10:00 a.m. (breakfast incl.; costumes encouraged!) Monday, Dec. 1 12-2:00 p.m. (lunch incl.) Details about registration will be announced soon. Come be part of the solution!
CLAS Center Feature
The CLAS Academic Advising Center- Open for Business
The newly launched CLAS Academic Advising Center, located on the first floor of Mackinac Hall in C-1-140 on the south end of the building, opened its doors to the Grand Valley community on August 8, 2008. The new center centralizes the previous CLAS major advising offices, including psychology, arts and humanities, and the SMART center, which assisted science and math students. Serving students with any major or minor in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences is the focus of the center staff. The CLAS academic advisors do not replace a student's faculty advisor, but will complement that relationship by providing students with more general assistance. Some of the services include: providing general education and basic skills information, assisting with university forms and procedures, guiding students to existing resources, connecting students with faculty advisors, and provide workshops for faculty on a variety of advising topics. The hours of operation are Monday through Thursday 8 am to 6 pm, and Fridays from 8 am to 5 pm. The office phone number is 331-8585. An open house is planned for the morning of September 24th. Faculty and staff are encouraged to stop by and meet the staff, and see what the new center has to offer.


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314299_Shooting_Channel 17 Feb 2018
30/30 Cast Bullet Testing
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Testing a close to full power cast Bullet load in the 30/30 Winchester. The bullet being tested is the Lyman 311291, weighing 177 grains with gas check, sized .309" with a charge of IMR 3031 powder. Test rifle is a Savage 340 with 22" barrel.
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February 20, 2015 at 11:23 pm #36887
Whirli I recognized what this was before i read it because of that backwoodsman issue. That was a great article.
Free as for boilng the wife, that's why i always test any water temp with my toe before i get in lol.
The coil principle has so many different applications. It is actually a similar design used in tankless hotwater heaters. The coil is heated to a very high temperature with natural gas or propane in an insulated box. When the water is turned on the only water that is not hot is the water that is in the line between the coil and faucet.


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The City of Norwood Payneham & St Peters runs regular workshops to help you grow your business.
Growth Workshop Series: Business Training & Workshops
Learn how to grow your business with advice and mentoring with a series of free interactive workshops designed specifically for businesses within the City of Norwood Payneham & St Peters.
NOTE: To be eligible to attend any one of the workshops within the Growth Workshop series you must be a business owner or employee operating within the City of Norwood Payneham & St Peters Council area.
Utilising Social Media's Video Capabilities (event ended)
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A series of events to help local startups and entrepreneurs with high-level strategic education to aid future growth.
The 2019 Eastside Startup Series is open to the Adelaide metropolitan area.
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2018 Market Commentary
I hope you had a wonderful holiday season. Whether you reached your personal goals in 2018, faced challenges, or are looking for a 2019 reboot, it is worth our time to take a look back at last year.
"It's been a terrible mistake to bet against America, and now is no time to start."– Warren Buffett
Before I get started, I want to revisit a comment from a prior post.
"The momentum generated by a growing U.S. and global economy is likely to carry over into the new year. While a 2018 recession can't be ruled out, indicators suggest the odds are low. That said, unexpected events can create short-term emotional responses to market conditions can be dangerous to your financial health."
January 2018 began on a firm footing, building on highs of tax reform, low interest rates, low inflation, and strong corporate profit growth. Stocks rise or fall on the fundamentals and the outlook was quite favorable as 2018 began.
Let's not forget that market timing is a fool's errand no one can consistently time the peaks and valleys of the market. When there's too much optimism priced into stocks, disappointment often creates volatility and we saw plenty of peaks and valleys in 2018.
A spike in Treasury bond yields tripped up bullish sentiment early in the year. President Trump's decision to impose tariffs against China and other nations, created uncertainty as the year progressed. Initially, investors decided trade was no big deal—until they decided later in the year that it was really important and a more than a little bit scary.
Selling began in October and accelerated in December making for one of the most volatile and crazy months I've seen during my three decades as an advisor. Several factors contributed to the weakness, primarily fears that rate hikes by the Fed and an all-out trade war with China will stifle economic activity in 2019.
The trade war with China is now on hold as negotiations have begun. Time will tell.
Key tech companies, often referred to as "FANG" stocks that had been market leaders for years, lost their mojo and dragged the major averages down for most of December. For our firm, the steep decline in FANG stocks highlights the risk of concentrating a portfolio in too few names and underscores the benefits of diversification.
As the year ended, the peak-to-trough decline in the S&P 500 Index totaled 19.8%, just shy of the 20% threshold to be labeled a bear market.
International and Emerging markets fared a bit worse, as the global economy shifted into a lower gear and trade tensions rattled many foreign economies.
My thoughts:
When I was in my 20s and 30s, I wouldn't blink at a stock market decline. My 401k was on autopilot and each pay period, I'd purchase well-diversified mutual funds.
When stocks declined, dollar-cost averaging allowed me to purchase a greater number of shares and I knew it would be decades before I'd need the funds for retirement.
With a very long-term time horizon, even a vicious bear market wasn't an issue.
As we age, we can't afford such a sanguine view. A more conservative mix of investments becomes critical. The confidence that longer-term appreciation will occur helps us sleep at night when market sell-offs arrive and managing risk is key.
For our most conservative portfolios, the drop in major market averages had only a minor impact on overall long term performance and that's what we planned for.
What's in store for 2019
While 2018 began with unbridled optimism, caution ruled the by year end as most major U.S. indexes saw their first annual decline since 2008.
As 2019 begins there is no shortage of cautious sentiment, but those feelings don't determine the market's direction for the entire year. Volatile markets challenge our convictions and lure us in the wrong direction. Don't be fooled by the media or dragged down by your own emotions. Wise investors know, markets are unpredictable over the short run and investing is a long-term endeavor.
I find the never-ending stream of market pundits in the media amusing as they are compelled to share their predictions.
Case in point: an October 4th article in the Wall Street Journal "Midterms Are a Boon for Stocks—No Matter Who Wins." On average, the months of October, November and December have been the top-performing months during any year that included a midterm election (1962-2014).
The pundits were wrong again.
Our firm builds globally diversified portfolios to help reduce volatility and keep clients on track toward their long-term goals.
The S&P 500 has lost an average of 31% every five years since WWII. Think about that for just a moment. Fearing a Bear Market is a lot like fearing Leap Year.
More importantly, according to NYU Stern School of Business Stock& Bond Returns report, the S&P 500 index has registered a positive annual return almost 80% of the time when dividends are reinvested
Even more noteworthy, the S&P Index has averaged annual returns of nearly 10% since the late 1920's
During up markets and down markets, we stress the importance of global diversification along with having a clear financial plan. Down markets are inevitable and having a plan that anticipates volatility is critical for successful investing.
Stocks will hit bumps in the road, and occasionally will hit a major pothole, but decades of data reveal stocks persistently outperform bonds, T-bills, CDs, and inflation.
As 2019 begins, all of us at Pathways Financial Partners would like to wish you and yours a happy and prosperous new year!


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Indian Education System and a Reformative Beginning
However, there are certain constraints when it comes to the scholastic structure of our country. Firstly, we have a system that emphasizes on learning alone, rather than learning, understanding and implementing the knowledge that is gained. The curriculum is laden with theories and postulates that are mugged up by the students to secure good grades. The basic methodology being used is theory-based and does not focus on practical knowledge and application, and this is where our nation lags behind in terms of their teaching process and education system. The most renowned educational institute would be a residential school in India that practices the sternest disciplinary activities and toughest curricular structure.
Secondly, the learning system of India is very rigid and stern. Unlike international scholastic institutes we do not apply cross-genre study facilities and out-of-the-league subjects that help tap on the creativity of a child. There are some public schools in noida, Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore etc. that have initiated a change in this regard, but the overall prevalent methodology remains the same. A student may have varied interests in political science and physics at the same time, but we do not support that kind of a learning system. He or She would have to choose either one of the two genres and would be forced to study other relevant subjects, even if they do not appeal to his or her interest. This results in reduced potential and superficial knowledge gain.
However, this system is being reformed with the launch of modern teaching techniques in Indian institutes. There are some international public schools in Noida and in other metropolises that encourage a holistic environment and contemporary curriculum. They introduce practical teaching procedures and emphasize on self-do tasks, innovative projects and case studies rather than traditional subjective exams that are prevailing in average institutes.
They also provide a varied range of electives to choose from; this gives better exposure to students. Moreover, there are certain residential schools in India as well that provide even better environment to children; their curriculum includes an assortment of hobby-based subjects and co-curricular activities as well, which ensure a holistic growth and healthy upbringing. Such children are more responsive and cultured in terms of their approach and have an open-minded attitude towards things. These contemporary schooling techniques not only enrich their personal character, but also broaden their perspective as the future responsible citizen of our community.
Hence, even if the present stringent practices of our education system are still considered the best way to educate children, we need to understand the importance of such reforms. We are still under the impression that the best grade securers are the brightest of students. But it is this mindset that needs to be altered for the betterment of our children and civilization; and there are institutes that are paving our way towards the change.


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Welcome to this brave new world - full of chaos and wonder, challenges and miracles. The astrology in play is one of upheaval, personal evolution, social revolution. It's an incredible time to be alive. But how do we make sense of such radical change?
The cutting edge information offered on my website has developed from years of research, travel, training, and experience. My mission is to deliver books, radio interviews and services that are informative and enlightening. My aim is to explore the realm of the "initiated" throughout time and offer insights into the Grail Mysteries.
Call it a quest for the Holy Grail. But it's a grail of a very different understanding. So keep an open mind as you read along and remember...truth can be stranger than fiction!
After all, the cosmology in play includes the dawning of the Age of Aquarius, with its "mystic crystal revelations and the mind's true liberation."
The way I see it, the more we set ourselves free from dogma and limiting beliefs, the more we can consciously experience the incredible alchemy of this moment in time!
Calling All Radio... Interviews
Some classic interviews are posted below. They're interesting and fun, each with their own unique spin. Lots of curious subtopics emerge, and each time more of the Mysteries are revealed.
[Other selected interviews are under MEDIA / CONTACT tab.]
December 18, 2018
Radio interview with Starseed Radio's Lavandar, Arielle Taylor and me discussing current events and the message from Mary Magdalene. It's about bloodlines, ETs, and the 2019 date!
March 9, 2017
Here's the link to the radio interview with Nightvision host and my dear friend Rene Barnett with Margaret Starbird discussing Mary Magdalene and me discussing the hidden stories of Joan of Arc and Jikohnsaseh - the forgotten woman from the Hiawatha Peacemaker story...
April 25, 2016
Radio interview with Barbara DeLong and me. Tune in as we weave the threads of the RLC Mystery, Magdalene, the Guardians of the Grail, and the secret destiny of America, and more.
© 2013-2019 by Gloria Amendola


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Lucila Vargas and Bruce dePyssler
Exposure to the mass media is now a central means by which young
people learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of our political
system, a socialization that lays the foundation for much of later political
Historically, many Americans have held negative feelings toward immigrants. This appears especially true, as recent political campaigns and voter initiatives indicate, in the case of Mexican immigrants. Media misrepresentations of immigrants, and particularly Mexicans, play a significant role in shaping public attitudes and opinion.
For those without any first-hand experience, the media are the main source of information, assumptions, and sentiments about immigrants and their U.S.-born descendants. For immigrants, media portrayals constitute Americaís evaluation of them and their immigrant experience. In describing the role of film as a social educator, Carlos E. Cortés writes that Hollywood movies offer ìa kind of popular curriculum on immigration.î2
In this article, we examine media portrayals of Mexican immigrants, and the interplay between these images and portrayals of U.S.-born Latinos. Examining media images has become a pedagogical imperative because media saturationóin the form of billboards, movies, radio, television, and the Internetóhas reached levels scarcely imaginable just 25 years ago. ìBy the time they graduate from high school, children will have spent 50 percent more time in front of a television set than in front of a teacher,î says Madeline Levine.3 Children between the ages of 2 to 11 watch 28 to 30 hours of television a week, and view between 300 and 1,600 advertisements a day, while young adolescents (12 to 14 years old) watch an estimated 26 hours of television per week.4 Later in adolescence, teenagers do shift away from television viewing, but become heavy consumers of recorded music, making up 25 percent of all record, CD, and cassette sales.5
Beginning with a short look at Mexican immigration, we proceed to examine media stereotypes of both Mexican immigrants and U.S.-born Latinos, since we believe these portrayals buttress one another. The public and media producers often fail to distinguish between these groups. One consequence of this failure is that Mexican immigrants and their descendants seem to maintain forever the status of ìpermanent immigrant,î while European arrivals are able to ìmelt inî and become ìreal Americans.î Perhaps this is why Mexican Americans are sometimes offended by the question ìWhere are you from?î It may also explain their occasional irritation with the expectation of others that they speak Spanish.
Finally, we suggest a media literacy framework. Above all, media literacy is the ability to read media texts critically. It involves developing cognitive, emotional, aesthetic, and moral abilities for interpreting media messages. Its purpose is to give students control over the influence of media. We hope this media literacy approach to the misrepresentation of Mexican immigrants and U.S. Latinos will be useful for social studies teachers working with immigrant and non-immigrant students.
Immigrationó The Misunderstood ìThreatî
We are a nation of immigrants that sometimes feels threatened by the complex socioeconomic and political phenomenon of immigration. Ten million immigrants were granted legal permanent resident status in the United States between 1987 and 1996. In 1996, the U.S. admitted 915,900 legal immigrants, of whom 18% (163,572) originated from Mexico. About 1.9 % (5 million) of the total U.S. population is illegal, or undocumented. The Mexican undocumented population has grown about 150,000 annually since 1988.6
A longitudinal analysis of national opinion polls from 1937 to 1990 shows that, historically, most Americans have favored restrictionist measures in immigration.7 A 1993 Newsweek poll found that 60% of respondents stated that immigrants ìare a bad thingî for the country.8 Much hostility has been directed at undocumented Mexicans. But it has also been directed at documented workers, and even at those Mexican Americans who were, as they say, ìcrossed by the borderî when the U.S. seized half of Mexicoís territory in 1848.
Failing to understand the complex political and economic forces behind transnational immigration heightens our inability to think clearly about immigrants. A common perception is that people emigrate to flee poverty, overpopulation, and economic stagnation. But Alejandro Portes and Rubén G. Rumbaut question this perception in a book indispensable to the social studies teacher, Immigrant America: A Portrait:
... contrary to the conventional portrait of Mexican immigration as a movement initiated by the individualistic calculations of gain of the migrants themselves, the process has its historical origins in North American geopolitical and economic expansion that first restructured the neighboring nation and then proceeded to organize dependable labor flows out of it. Such movements across the new border were a well-established routine in the Southwest before they became redefined as ìimmigration,î and then as ìillegalî immigration.9
As has happened elsewhereófor example, in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Cuba, El Salvador, Taiwan, South Korea, and the PhilippinesóU.S. political, economic, and military linkages set in motion the conditions supporting immigration. A popular immigrant saying puts it this way: ìWeíre here because you were there.î
Immigrants in the Mass Media
While Latino media (e.g., Spanish-language TV stations and newspapers, as well as bilingual and English-language magazines) now thrive in the United States, the influence of the general-market media remains paramount. We focus on the images offered by the latter. However, teachers should be aware that Mexican immigrant youth are often exposed to alternative images from Latino media.10 There is little doubt that media offer powerful representations of immigrants. Though students may receive contradictory messages, such as when a PBS documentary celebrates the many contributions of immigrants, on the whole they do not see immigrants faring well in news and entertainment media. And this repeats a historical pattern.
For example, a content analysis of immigration coverage in leading news magazines that spanned 110 years (1880-1990) and included Time, Life, Atlantic Monthly, and Readerís Digest, concluded that most magazines advocated restrictive immigration policies:
The large majority of the magazines surveyed (and they represent a cross section of the industry) were always ambivalent about how many foreigners ought to be allowed to come to our shores. In the timespan of the survey, there were always more people who wanted to settle in the United States than the magazines thought ought to be permitted; and they seemed always to be coming from the wrong countries. When the largest influx of immigrants was coming from eastern and southern Europe, the magazines bemoaned the loss of the sturdy, independent, hard-working northern and western Europeans. When the direction shifted and the neighboring southern countries of the Western hemisphere were the major sources of origin, the European immigrant of yesteryear took on a rosy glow.11
Immigration during the 19th century was dominated by immigrants from Ireland, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Norway/Sweden. From 1900 to 1920, the largest immigrant groups were from Italy, Austria/Hungary, and the Soviet Union. Since 1961, Mexicans have been the largest immigrant group.12 In their content analysis, Simon and Alexander found that Mexicans and other Latin American immigrants, as well as those from Asia and the Pacific, were seen as social and economic burdens unable to assimilate into U.S. culture.
The general-market mediaís anti-immigrant sentiment hardens when it comes to people of color. In her content analysis of three elite U.S. dailies in cities that are traditional immigrant areas (Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles), Katrin Pomper says that ìthe press overcovers Asian and Hispanic immigrants, but almost ignores Europeans. This indicates a clearly racist pattern.î She concludes that ìoverall this study offers a gloomy picture of immigrant coverage.î13
Stereotypes of Mexican Immigrants and U.S. Latinos
Media use stereotypes to convey meaning expeditiouslyóthat is, as a kind of shorthand. In a 15-second advertisement, an audience might be shown that an elderly woman is a grandmother by seating her in a rocking chair and having her knit. Such stereotypes, positive or negative, simplify the communicatorís job. They get a lot of communicative work done quickly.
In the general-market media, stereotypes of Mexican immigrants are overwhelmingly negative. In part, this is because most foreign minorities are constructed by the media as a problem. ìWhenever immigrants make the news these days, it seems itís always bad news,î says John J. Miller.14 This trend is compounded for Mexican immigrants by the fact that media images of U.S. Latinos have long been negative.15 In this way, two fields of meanings intersect to portray Mexican immigrants negatively. Jorge Quiroga underscores the overlap between media stereotypes of U.S. Latinos and images of impoverished Latin American immigrants. U.S. Latinos, he writes, are ìregularly presented as uneducated immigrants who are unable or unwilling to help or speak for themselves.î16
Two types of media representations of Mexican immigrants and other Latinos can be distinguished. One is of immigrant groups who ìcome in wavesî or as a ìrising tide.î The other is of individual immigrants, who appear most often in entertainment media.
Group Representations
Although we found no studies comparing the two, our reading suggests that media representations of Mexican immigrants as a group are much more common than images of them as individuals, especially in the news. ìWho hasnít seen some television crew film of a herd of poor Mexicans swiftly weaving their way through the borderline traffic jams near San Diego? Itís a grim sight, and it feeds popular misperceptions,î says Miller.17 When media present group portrayals of Mexican immigrants, these people typically appear as outsiders unable or unwilling to assimilate, as ìwelfare cheatsî draining society, or as people who do not pay taxes wresting jobs from citizens who do.18 Here, media foreground immigrants caught in criminal activity as well as ìillegal aliens,î often neglecting to distinguish between documented and undocumented immigrants. This stereotype appeals most to conservative appetites.
Studies of television networks and major newspapers (key media sources that establish the standards of the journalistic profession) are not encouraging. In their annual analyses of news stories broadcast on three networks (ABC, CBS, and NBC) in 1995, 1996, and 1997, Rod Carbeth and Diane Alverio have found what they describe as a ìnetwork brownout,î in which the total number of stories focusing on Latinos and Latino-related issues has fluctuated between 1 to 3%. They also show that when Latinos do appear, it is most often in affirmative action, immigration, welfare, crime, and drugs stories.19
In the news, there is a complex juxtaposition of stock-in-trade media portrayals of Mexican immigrants as criminals (ìillegalsî or ìsmugglersî of drugs and people) and as victims (naïve peons). A 1992-1995 content and textual analysis of North Carolinaís most influential newspaper, the Raleigh News and Observer, found Latinos consistently portrayed either as ìcriminal aliensî or as helpless victims/peons.20 Here, the immigrant is stripped of the courage and strength characteristic of a survivor in a patronizing media construction that evokes pity from outsiders and humiliation on the part of the immigrant. The victim/peon portrayal appeals to liberal appetites.
A CBS news report on migrant farm workers provides a group portrait of Mexican immigrants. The video is of undocumented immigrants caught crossing the border. Dan Ratherís voiceover says:
These two are both prototype and stereotype of the migrant worker: a husband and wifeóshe is seven months pregnant; he is a farm worker. They are two of thousands who will try to cross the Rio Grande this night without papers, without money, and without prospects.21
One is left with a senseógiven this desperate and humiliating beginningóthat had the couple eluded border patrols, their child would inevitably become one of the Latino criminals apprehended in the reality-based television program ìCops.î Such victims, alongside criminal aliens, are the stock-and-trade background of Hollywood films like Borderline (1980, starring Charles Bronson) and The Border (1982, starring Jack Nicholson).22
Individual Representations
In contrast to group representations, portrayals of individual Mexican immigrants are rare. This runs in tandem with the scarcity of images of Latinos in the general-market media. As mentioned, general-market media seldom make clear distinctions between recent immigrants and U.S.-born Latinos. Latinos are consistently portrayed ìmore negatively than any other racial or ethnic group,î concludes a literature review on Latinos and the media done by the largest national Latino advocacy organization, the National Council of La Raza.23 This review reports on data found in several studies that have systematically monitored minority inclusion in the media, such as the Annenberg School of Communicationís massive Cultural Indicators Project directed by George Gerbner.
It is unusual for Latinos to play lead characters either on films or in television series. For instance, in 1994, only 11 of 800 national prime time roles were played by Latinos.24 Only once has a Latino family been the focus of a prime time series (ABCís short-lived ìCondoî).25 Latinos are scarce in magazine advertisements, too. One recent study found that ìonly about 1 in 21 ads contained a Latino model, and just 1 in 45 contains a Latino in a major role.î26
Latinos do, however, appear as supporting players and background figuresófor example, as the law-breakers and victims in fiction and reality-based programs.27 Typically, they are portrayed in narrow stereotypical ways. Film researchers have identified six Latino media stereotypes: (1) dark lady, (2) Latin lover, (3) female clown, (4) male buffoon, (5) half-breed harlot, and (6) bandito.28 Sometimes these stereotypes appear in combination. For instance, the Frito-Lay ìFrito Banditoî advertising campaign created a bandito-buffoon.
The dark lady and the Latin lover were established early in Hollywood with the prototypes of Dolores del Río (Mexican, 1930s) and Rudoph Valentino (Italian, 1920s). These fair-skinned and European-looking Latino stereotypes had irresistible erotic appeal to Anglos. Though considered positive, these stereotypes reduce the diversity of a large social group to a few characteristics, as well as highlighting real class and/or race distinctions that exist among Latinos.29 The representation of recent Mexican immigrants seldom draws on these stereotypes, since these immigrants are constructed as an underclass.
The female clown and the male buffoon appear more often. They provide comic relief and have an uncanny ability to make fools of themselves. They speak ìfunnyî English. They are unable to control their emotions. Desi Arnaz, Lucyís husband in ìI Love Lucy,î and Carmen Miranda, the Brazilian famous for her fruit-covered hats, played early versions of these stereotypes. Rosie Perezís character in It Could Happen to You (1994) is a recent example of the female clown.
The bandito is dirty, irrational, treacherous, and violent. In silent ìgreaserî films, this stereotype was so distasteful that the Mexican government once banned these films. Common in early westerns, the bandito has managed a comeback as drug lord and inner-city gangsta. Like the bandito, the half-breed harlot has difficulty controlling her passions. She is a slave to her sexuality.
Typically, banditos and harlots are not major characters, but they often play minor roles in film (e.g., Terminator 2, 1991; Pretty Woman, 1990) and television (e.g., ìHunterî and ìHill Street Bluesî). A shameless construction of Latino youth as both banditos and harlots can be found in the recent film 187 (1996).
Negative group and individual stereotypes of immigrants and Latinos are rarely balanced by positive representations, such as lawyer Victor Sifuentes played by Jimmie Smits on NBCís ìL.A. Lawî (1986-1994). One has to turn to Latino media to find the economic and cultural contributions of Mexican immigrants and U.S. Latinos in the foreground. Immigrant hardships are constructed differently in Latino media. For instance, Univision and Telemundo (U.S. Spanish-language television networks) often portray immigrants as courageous survivorsóeven as entrepreneursówho persist in holding families together despite adversity. Chicano films, such as The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez (1982) and My Family/Mi Familia (1995), portray Mexican immigrants who possess strength, dignity, and prideógroup identities that are culturally reaffirming for Latino youth.
A Media Literacy Approach for Social Studies
Research suggests that teen attitudes toward current affairs derive more from the mass media than from teachers, parents, or peers.30 This influence calls for a commensurate educational response, one that alerts students to the power of the media, enables them to apply critical skills when examining media texts, and helps them problematize their media experiences.
Media literacy attempts to meet this challenge by tapping studentsí media-based perceptions and helping them to ìde-naturalizeî media texts by identifying the interests and processes that guide their production. ìWidespread media literacy is essential if all citizens are to wield power, make rational decisions, become effective change-agents, and have an active involvement with media,î writes Len Masterman.31
The media literacy movement has hammered out a conceptual framework that is extremely useful for the social studies educator. What follows is a brief tour of the movementís key principles,32 plus suggestions on how social studies teachers can apply this framework in their classes.
> The starting point for media literacy is this: Media do not provide a ìwindow on the worldî; rather, they present ìconstructionsî of reality. Media producers select small pieces of the real world and use them as building blocks in their constructions. All media content is the end product of innumerable filtering processes, selections, and choices made by certain social actorsótypically white, male, and middle class. Social studies teachers can apply this fundamental concept of media literacy to help students deconstruct media images of Mexican immigrants and U.S. Latinos.
> All media texts can be deconstructed because all are constructions. Deconstructing news texts, however, is the biggest challenge, since the ìrealismî of news media makes it seem that they are reflecting or transmitting reality. Teachers might begin by examining a newspaper story on Mexican immigrants. Ask students who they think assigned this story, who did the reporting, and who made the editing choices (most likely non-Latinos, since Latinos constitute just 2.2% of the U.S. journalistic workforce).33 Then explore and discuss what biases might be operating on this story (by offering ìcommon senseî assumptions about immigrants, by influencing the approach to the story, or by determining the selection of people to interview).
> Media texts are produced within, and thus shaped by, a number of overlapping contexts. Teachers should help students appreciate how different production contextsósuch as historical, political, social, economic, or aestheticóshape media images of Mexican immigrants. The teacher might show film clips of Mexican immigrants from a mainstream Hollywood movie such as The Border, and from an independent Chicano film such as My Family/Mi Familia. The class can then discuss how the differing contexts may have influenced the strikingly different representations of Mexican immigrants in these two films.
> Media rely on ìlanguagesî or ìcodesî to create meaning. The conventional symbol systems that media use are complex and layered rhetorical forms. A film, for example, combines the expressive code of editing (a grammar that takes the viewer from one shot or scene to another) with other cinematic codes (camera angles and movement, sound, color, costume, and acting) to advance a convincing plot. Similarly, a newspaper conveys meaning using such journalistic conventions as story placement, headlines, and graphics. Understanding how these languagesólike the discovery that the laughter accompanying a sitcom is cannedóis critically liberating. Teachers can, for example, guide students into an exploration of how filmmakers can use media languages to portray a Mexican immigrant as a bandito/gangsta by helping students to consider plot devices, camera angles, light, soundtrack, costume, casting, and other choices.
> Media representations contribute to our definitions of social reality. They are ìpublic textbooksî and their representations are pregnant with value, especially for those becoming socialized.34 Media sell products, ideas, personalities, and worldviews. At best, they define reality and exercise a form of cultural leadership, by articulating relatively stable and coherent ways of seeing the world, and by offering models for appropriate attitudes and behavior. Given this, it is critical that social studies teachers help students think through their attitudes and assumptions about Mexican immigration and how these might have been influenced by powerful media portrayals.
> Audiences actively interpret media texts. Meaning-making is an interaction between the text and a culturally bound reader. In the final analysis, meaning is an interpretation constructed by media consumers in the act of ìreadingî media texts. But the cultural tools that readers interpret with are not uniform. Social locationógender, class, age, race, ethnicity, and other social distinctionsóshapes readersí interpretive frameworks. Teachers can help students understand this by asking students to compare their interpretations of, for example, advertising images of Latinos. Teachers can point out that, because social location favors one interpretation over another, media representations of Mexican immigrants are likely to be interpreted in significantly different ways by Anglo and Latino students: the former may interpret Taco Bellís recent advertising campaign using the Chihuahua, Dinky, as funny and ìno big deal,î while the latter might interpret it as an affront.
Final Remarks
Immigration is a complex process that social studies teachers must explore with students. In this article, we have examined the tendency of the general-market media to portray Mexican immigrants negatively. These media constructions shape non-immigrant studentsí views on Mexican immigration, and they are likely to diminish the self-esteem of both Mexican immigrant and U.S. Latino students. Using a media literacy approach, the social studies teacher has a unique opportunity to guide students to a rich appreciation of immigration generally, and Mexican immigration specifically. With this approach, the social studies teacher can help future citizens in our democracy make well-informed, objective, and morally sound decisions.
1. David Croteau, William Hoynes, Media/Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1997), 212.
2. Carlos E. Cortés, ìThem and Us: Immigration as Societal Barometer and Social Educator in American Film,î in Robert Brent Toplin, ed., Hollywood as Mirror: Changing Views of ìOutsidersî and ìEnemiesî in American Movies (Westport: CT: Greenwood, 1993), 53.
3. Madeline Levine, Viewing Violence. How Media Violence Affects Your Childís and Adolescentís Development (New York: Doubleday, 1996), 6.
4. W. James Potter, Media Literacy (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998), 90, 139.
5. Levine, 157.
6. U.S. Department of Justice, 1996 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1996), 13, 15, 18, 21, 197. On the web at: http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/ statyrbook96/index.html.
7. Rita J. Simon and Susan H. Alexander, The Ambivalent Welcome: Print Media, Public Opinion and Immigration (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993), 41.
8. Tom Morganthau, Newsweek (Aug. 9, 1993), 16-23.
9. Alejandro Portes and Rubén G. Rumbaut, Immigrant America: A Portrait (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 226.
10. Federico A. Subervi-Vélez and Susan Colsant, ìThe Television Worlds of Latino Children,î in Gordon L. Berry and Joy Keiko Asamen, eds., Children and Television (Newbury Park (REF): Sage, 1993), 227. The authors convincingly argue that ìthe television worlds of many Hispanic children in the United States are potentially more complex than the single television world of Anglo children.î
11. Simon and Alexander, 244-245. The content analysis was performed on a cross section of the industry that included the following publications: North American Review, Saturday Evening Post, Literary Digest, Harperís, Scribnerís, Atlantic Monthly, The Nation, Christian Century, Commentary, Commonwealth, Readerís Digest, Time, Life, Newsweek, and U.S. News and World Report, plus editorials from The New York Times.
12. US Department of Justice, 1996 Statistical Yearbook, 14.
13. Katrin Pomper, ìReinforcing Stereotypes: Press Coverage about Immigrants by The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times and The Chicago Tribune, 1985-1994.î Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education and Mass Communication, Anaheim, CA, Aug. 1996, 18-19. Pomperís study examined a 10-year period for each newspaper and used a random sample of 296 immigrant-related stories indexed under the term ìimmigration.î
14. John J. Miller, ìImmigration, the Press and the New Racism,î Media Studies Journal 8, no. 3 (Summer 1994), 19-28.
15. For comprehensive reviews of the media portrayal of U.S. Latinos, see Clint C. Wilson and Félix Gutiérrez, Race, Multiculturalism and the Media (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996) and Federico A. Subervi-Vélez, Charles Ramírez Berg, Patricia Constantakis-Valdez, Chon Noriega, Diana Ríos, and Kenton T. Wilkinson, ìMass Communication and Hispanics,î in Felix Padilla, ed., Handbook of Hispanic Cultures in the United States: Sociology (Houston, TX: Arte Público Press, 1994), 301-57.
16. Jorge Quiroga, ìHispanic Voices: Is the Press Listening?î in Clara E. Rodríguez, ed., Latin Looks: Images of Latinas and Latinos in the U.S. Media (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997), 21, 36-56.
17. Miller, 27.
18. Eric Schlosser, ìIn the Strawberry Fields,î Atlantic Monthly (Nov. 1995).
19. Rod Carbeth and Diane Alverio, ìNetwork Brownout: The Portrayal of Latinos in Network Television News,î Washington, D.C., June 1996; ìNetwork Brownout 1997: The Portrayal of Latinos in Network Television News,î Washington, D.C., June 1997; and, ìNetwork Brownout 1998: The Portrayal of Latinos in Network Television News,î Washington, D.C., June 1998. All three content analyses were prepared for the National Association of Hispanic Journalists using the online Vanderbilt University Network News Archives. Approximately 12,000 stories were analyzed each year.
20. Lucila Vargas, ìGenderizing Latino News: A Content and Textual Analysis of a Local Newspaperís Coverage of Latino Current Affairs,î unpublished study. Using the Raleigh News and Observerís CD-ROM archives, the author searched 181,088 news items and found 259 items with Latino content. Standard content analysis techniques were used to classify the datasetís 259 items, and a textual analysis was conducted on the datasetís 16 front-page stories. Photocopy available from the author at: School of Journalism and Mass Communication, CB #3365 Howell Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
21. CBS, Inc., ìCBS Reports: Legacy of Shame,î Transcript of television program (June 20, 1995), 2.
22. David R. Maciel and María Rosa García-Acevedo, ìThe Celluloid Immigrant: The Narrative Films of Mexican Immigration,î in David R. Maciel and María Herrera-Sobek, eds., Culture Across Borders: Mexican Immigration & Popular Culture (Tucson, AZ: Univ. of Arizona Press, 1998), 149-202.
23. Lisa Navarrete and Charles Kamasaki, Out of the Picture: Hispanics in the Media (Washington, D.C.: National Council of La Raza, 1994), 1.
24. Wilson and Gutiérrez, 102.
25. Federico A. Subervi-Vélez, ìInteractions between Latinos and Anglos on Prime Time Television: A Case Study of ëCondo,íî in S. Chan, Ed., Income and Status Differences between White and Minority Americans: A Persistent Inequality (Lewiston: NY: Edwin Mellen, 1990), 303-36.
26. Charles R. Taylor and Hae Kyong Bang, ìPortrayals of Latinos in Magazine Advertising,î in Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 74, no. 1 (Summer 1997), 285-303, 297. Taylor and Bang examined a representative sample of 1,616 ads from nine magazines in 1992-1993 (Time, Newsweek, Good Housekeeping, Vogue, Business Week, Fortune, Scientific American, Popular Science, and Popular Mechanics).
27. S. Robert Lichter and Daniel R. Amundson, ìDistorted Reality: Hispanic Characters in TV Entertainment,î in Latin Looks, 57-72.
28. Charles Ramírez-Berg, ìStereotyping in Films in General and of the Hispanic in Particular,î in Latin Looks, 104-20.
29. Clara E. Rodríguez, ìVisual Retrospective: Latino Film Stars,î in Latin Looks, 80-84.
30. Croteau and Hoynes, 212.
31. Len Masterman, Teaching the Media (London: Routledge, 1985), 13.
32. Renée Hobbs, ìThe Seven Great Debates in the Media Literacy Movement,î in Journal of Communication 48, no. 1 (Winter 1998), 16-32.
33. David H. Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, The American Journalist in the 1990s (Arlington, VA: Freedom Forum, 1992).
34. Cortés, 53.
Teaching Resources
Teachers wishing to bring media literacy to the study of social issues such as immigration will find background information and instructional support in the following books:
Brown, James A. Television Critical Viewing Skills Education. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991.
Buckingham, David, and Julian Sefton-Green. Cultural Studies Goes to School: Reading and Teaching Popular Media. Bristol, PA: Taylor and Francis, 1995.
Croteau, David, and William Hoynes. Media/Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1997.
Grossberg, Lawrence, Ellen Wartella, and D. Charles Whitney. MediaMaking: Mass Media in a Popular Culture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998.
Masterman, Len. Teaching the Media. London: Routledge, 1985.
Potter, James. Media Literacy. (REF)
Silverblatt, Art. Media Literacy: Keys to Interpreting Media Messages. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995.
óóóóó, with Ellen M. Enright Elliceiri. Dictionary of Media Literacy. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1997.
The following websites offer specific ideas for teaching media literacy and/or broader theoretical discussions of media and their effects. For additional websites on this topic, see the pullout in Social Education 61, No. 5 (September 1997).
The Media Literacy Online Project
Media Literacy Clearinghouse
Directory of Media Literacy Sites Worldwide
Center for Media Literacy
The Media and Communication Studies Site
Lucila Vargas is assistant professor in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Bruce dePyssler is assistant professor in the Department of English at North Carolina Central University in Durham.


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TOPS Sugarcreek
TOPS 1243, Sugarcreek met on Oct. 24 at the United Methodist Church in Sugarcreek with 12 members weighing in with a weight loss of 734 pounds for the week. The best rededicated TOPSwinner for the week was Plain Betty Miller and the best KOPS was Mary Ann Miller. The forbidden food for the week is no salty snacks and the thing to do is to have veggies for lunch.
Sarah Miller was recognized for having six weeks attendance in a row.
Happy Birthday was sung to Ada Troyer, Chris Ross and Emma Carpenter.
Sue Yoder gave a short program on The four best foods for men and women -- chickpeas, blueberries, sweet potatoes and dark chocolate.
She also said to grab an apple instead of grabbing candy when you want a snack. Members were reminded to take a piece of fruit to the next meeting (today, Thursday, Oct. 31).
For more information about TOPS call 330-897-6007.
Shreve American Legion Auxiliary
The group was welcomed by new president Gwen Neal, her first meeting as new president, when Shreve American Legion Auxiliary Forest Post 67 met Oct. 16 at Shreve Post. The Auxiliary Charter was draped in memory of long time auxiliary member, Opal Lehr.
Events for Veterans Day were discussed. The legion will be holding their Annual Veteran's Day dinner on Sunday, Nov. 10 at the Shreve Post. Auxiliary members will help serve the meal. It was decided the Annual Auxiliary Christmas party will be held at the post on Dec. 18 at the usual meeting time and will include a carry-in and gift exchange. Sue Craft, canteen manager discussed ideas for the holidays for the entire legion family, including a canned food drive and toy collection.
First vice president, Jeannie Boughton, talked about changes she had learned at a recent district meeting in the way auxiliary committees are organized. Jacki Chamberlain, chairwomen of the Homeland Security Committee, outlined the program the auxiliary will focus on during the next year that will follow the American Red Cross Emergency Readiness Guidebook. ARC Emergency Contact Wallet Cards were passed out.
The next meeting will be Nov. 20 at 7 p.m. at the Shreve Post.
County Line Historical Society
The board of County Line Historical Society on Oct. 19 accepted the resignation of Carolyn Brown as treasurer. The board voted an interim treasurer to serve the remainder of 2013 and 2014. She is Jayne Neal. They also elected Frank Garrett as new board member for 2014-16, as Don Plant's term will be completed in December.
The society has started a restoration fund to replace old outside boards and roof. Send contributions to CLHS, P.O. Box 614, Shreve 44676. The society wishes to thank Clinton Township Fire Department for their help with the chicken barbecue fund raiser. It was a success. Speaker was Ken Utterback with the history of Loudonville's Flxible Company.
Nov. 16 will be the dinner theater at 1 p.m. at Shreve Essenhaus. Ashland University will present "Drop of the Hat Players". You need to RSVP to the Essenhaus at 330-567-2212. The cost if $16.50.
The next members meeting will be Nov. 16 at 1 p.m. at Shreve Essenhaus and the next board meeting will be Feb. 15 at County Line Museum.
Holmes County Christian Women's Club
The regular meeting began with a memorial service for a past chairwoman, Judi Douglas, conducted by the Rev. Burnetta Armour, pastor of Millersburg and Clark Presbyterian churches.
Following brunch Armour led the group in an interactive study of what we are to do, to live a Christian life according to St. Paul's letter to the Romans.
Members were reminded that following the November meeting the club will be sending the accumulated collections to Share-A-Christmas, senior division fund. The Dec. 4 meeting will feature the Christmas ornament exchange, combined with a greeting and featuring the music/stories of David Lorah.
The November meeting will return to Der Dutchman on Nov. 12, due to Election Day. Speaker will be Mathew Wengard, "A Journey of Faith;" and Gospel Book Store will be the feature with a display and review of new and seasonal items.
All are welcomed to attend; for more information call 330-674-7723.
On Oct. 9 TOPS OH 1573 Nashville met with 13 members reciting the TOPS and KOPS pledges, and losing 7 pounds. Mary Burgett was best weekly re-dedicated loser and Becky Kemper was best weekly KOPS. Plans were completed for the open house.
Janice Tope brought Squash and Tomato Cassoulet for tasting food. Kaitlyn Chukwanedes was recognized for losing seven weeks in a row, while Eileen Low has lost five weeks in a row.
The group meets each Wednesday at Nashville United Methodist Church at 5:45 p.m., with weigh in at 5:15 p.m.
Millersburg Lions Club
Millersburg Lions Club meets the first Thursday of the month at 6:30 p.m. and on the following noon (first Friday of the month). Both meetings are held at The Hotel Millersburg.
Killbuck Valley Writers' Club
Has anyone ever told you "You should write a book"? Maybe you even started one but never finished. Or, you have a great idea but just can't seem to take that first step toward getting something on paper.
The Killbuck Valley Writers' Guild (KVWG) might be just what you need to make your book a reality.
KVWG is a group of serious adult writers who are working on novels, short stories and non-fiction. KVWG offers a supportive environment where you can share your ideas and in turn, receive critiques, feedback or encouragement. KVWG meets most Sundays at 1 p.m. in the Fireplace Room at Jitters Coffee House, Millersburg.
Call 330-464-0624 or go to http://www.killbuckvalleywritersguild.org/ for more information.
Knights Gaming Society
Knights of Gaming Board Gaming Society meets the third Saturday of the month from noon-6 p.m. at the Holmes County District Public Library, Millersburg.
Holmes County Humane Society
The Holmes County Humane Society meets the second Thursday of the month, 7 p.m., at the Life Center
Arts Council
Holmes County Arts Community meets the third Wednesday of each month at 6 p.m., at Young Uniforms and Scrubs, Millersburg. Contact Phyllis Young 330-674-0676 or 1-866-386-2026.
Zen Society
The Zen Society of Wooster meets for meditation and discussion on Mondays at the Unitarian Universalist Church, 3186 Burbank Road, Wooster. For information, see zensocietyofwooster.org.