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Spain dating service, plenty of fish
Arranged marriages on the other hand are marriages which are set and agreed by the families or guardians of the two individuals where the couple may not have met before. Romantic love is more difficult during times of financial stress, and economic forces can encourage singles, particularly women, to select a partner primarily on financial considerations. Please read the Visitor Agreement and Disclaimer. People over thirty, lacking the recency of a college experience, best words for online have better luck online finding partners.
We are your dating concierge. The questions cover topics like what you want in a mate, what you value most out of life, and the things you love the most. Here is the quick list of the top three dating sites in Spain. To invest energy with one of these charming women will be of incredible thrilling with a definitive feeling of erotica.
You can always withdraw your consent. It is more or less similar to a personality test for all those Switzerland singles out there. Go on a hand-selected date How it works. There are considerable differences between social and personal values.
Alice independent Barcelona Escorts I live my life with authenticity, being myself and with great naturalness nearby. But forever I would remember that afternoon at the canal and the possibility of love. The game has been mentioned, featured, or parodied in several popular films and television shows.
Our customer care team is committed to supporting your search and ensuring a smooth, safe and stress-free online dating experience for all members. To only take on those clients we believe we can successfully match-we don't take everyone on as an It's Just Lunch Client. This site has gained popularity ever since its acquisition of the operations of another European site known as the Match.
Spend your time dating instead of searching. The dating system requires a personality test. If you want to generate a quiz for people to take, you can on this site. This is based on the score you will see next to their profile.
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Parents get to check the details important to them and the couple can connect at many levels. Information about human sexuality grew, and with it an acceptance of all types of sexual orientations is becoming more common. Our accumulation of the best escort women has constantly made us to perceive our position in a secured place with top rank of inclination and appreciation. Envision those delicate hands laying over your body for a hot back rub and you are immediately out of this world in the wake of being treated with such erotica. The truth of life is the more successful and rich you are, it is harder to find someone genuine to date who is interested in you and not your possession.
To believe love is just a numbers game would leave the bravest of us questioning, number 1 free why even play? It is also the most preferred Dutch dating website. Dating in Korea is also considered a necessary activity supported by society.
Danish people are very open about their feelings, they say whatever they feel. Membership in voluntary associations is relatively high in German-speaking countries and these provided further chances for possible partners to meet. But so what if that happens? These divas are a definitive solution for your dejection and the cry inside.
Sure, opposites sometimes attract but more often than not they repel. They know what they're doing, and they do everything for you. Men want women to shut up. Social rules regarding dating vary considerably according to variables such as country, social class, race, religion, age, sexual orientation and gender.
In other projects Wikimedia Commons. The Spain Escorts are known not well known in specific matters. With growing technology and rising place, everyone is time-bound and falling out of love and if you are that eligible singles looking for love, site dating hop onto the wagon of online dating.
- Often physical characteristics, personality, financial status, and other aspects of the involved persons are judged and, as a result, feelings can be hurt and confidence shaken.
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- All couples have to do is show up.
- To my astonishment, he often took that as a cue to ask me out again.
- In Britain, the term dating bears similarity to the American sense of the tentative exploratory part of a relationship.
- Dating and a relationship interfered with that.
- The Internet is shaping the way new generations date.
- Facially, he looked the same as his picture.
You want it to show you at your very best! No matter how you search for someone, services you can save the results and sort through them at a different time. Some men postpone marriage until their financial position is more secure and use wealth to help attract women. Dating systems can be systematic and organized ways to improve matchmaking by using rules or technology.
Centers for Disease Control. The firm does all the work, making reservations, clearing the matches with customers. The escorts in Spain give their absolute best every single time with inventive escort and strategies so that their customers do not feel repetitive of a specific administration.
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Instead, he seemed to assume it was because I was busy, popular, and had better things to do. Dating is a duty that most people feel they must take on to not seem incompetent. If the player's outfit does not match the date behind the door, the door is closed and play continues. The autonomous escorts in Spain are accessible for in get and out call administrations.
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Spain Escort Divas - Have a joyful time These divas are a definitive solution for your dejection and the cry inside. Do you feel bore when you need to visit for business meet to some other Spain, in solitude? If you are looking for love in Spain, you are in luck because there are several online dating sites that are quite active and will give you the best chance to succeed in this country. Patterns of dating are changing in China, with increased modernization bumping into traditional ways.
Online Dating with SilverSingles
We understand how important discovering chemistry is to our clients. American Sociological Association. They can sense the most sensible zones which can turn you on in a split second and give the back rub in like manner, remembering such focuses. Our goal is to get you face to face with someone you can really click with and let you take it from there. You can release your pictures to potential matches, send them a smile, or send them a quiz for them to answer.
It is easy to find gold diggers to date but expecting a serious, steady and long-term relationship is not possible. For the best results, try to stay close to a city with a lot of single people, like Barcelona, Madrid, Seville, or Valencia. They do not waste time in doing small talks and just confess to whatever they are feeling. Relationships in which dating is undertaken by two people, who choose their dates without parental involvement and sometimes carry on clandestine get-togethers, has become increasingly common. More modern approaches such as blind dates, speed dating and dating websites are not as popular as abroad, and are not considered very effective by the majority of the population.
Plenty of Fish
We bring the right people together. This is most likely due to the incomplete cognitive and emotional development of teenagers that cause a lack of ability to handle the challenging aspects of romantic relationships. There are a lot of sites out there that promise the world but do not deliver. We hope you enjoy your dating in Europe, best wishes!
While the site is pretty basic, the LoveYourImperfections is a pretty nifty way to meet someone new. There is, however, an unwritten rule in the internet dating world that it is acceptable to ignore mail from people who don't interest you. However, the majority still takes getting into a relationship seriously.


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The Rise And Fall Of ET Hills [Fin's Chaos Squad July 24th 2014]
By: Findan
The battles had been raging across all fronts that night. Our company of heroes had just completed a successful incursion into enemy territory, completely painting Sorrow's Furnace Borderlands Red. With SoR's secondary Borderland once again secure, our heroes turned their focus to Eredon Terrace. More to the point, Eredon Terrace Hills. That Keep had been a thorn in SoR's side for several days now. Fully fortified and sieged up to the hilt, ET had managed to hold on to, and secure, an extremely defensible objective for several days. The time had come. ET Hills had to fall!
Our ever vigilant company of heroes marched over to ET Borderlands and began their conquest at Bluevale Supply Depot. After a swift and decisive victory at Vale Camp, our heroes identified Eredon Terrace Bay as their next objective. Having been recently retaken by ET, it was a weak point in their defenses and the perfect place to strike a blow at the enemy. This was to be our heroes' foothold in ET's Borderland. A base of operations from which to strike out and capture the rest of the Borderland. It wasn't long before Bay belonged to SoR!
Several strategic supply depot and tower captures later, the time had arrived to take Eredon Terrace Hills. A plan was formulated. Commanders Peanut and Mercn from the Rogue Agents [RA] Guild volunteered to split off from the main company and take a small task force to ET's Garrison to serve as a vital distraction. Golems were produced at ET Bay and they set off to the North West Garrison doors. As soon as they had entered the combat zone at Garrison, the main company of heroes set out for Eredon Terrace Hills. Time was of the essence! ET's Garrison was heavily fortified as well. Rogue Agents did not expect to survive long - they just had to hold out long enough for our heroes' main squadron to make the breakthrough.
It was a race against time! Rogue Agents were under heavy fire at the outer Gates of Garrison. It was only a matter of time before they would have to disengage the enemy and pull back. Our company of heroes hit Hills' outer main gates hard and fast. Several rams went up in a flash and the doors were coming down fast! Meanwhile, Rogue Agents were putting up an incredible fight outside Garrison. Despite losing their Golems and being heavily outnumbered - almost three to one - they never gave up! Their mission was to keep Eredon Terrace occupied long enough!
The outer gates at ET Hills went down. Our heroes were in! As our heroes cut a path through the hordes of Veteran Guards in the courtyard, they came under heavy fire from a very well fortified inner Keep. Several attempts at setting up Rams on the gates had failed. The attack on Hills had been discovered and enemy troops had begun pouring into the Keep. Arrow Cart and Cannon fire peppered the courtyard from above! Between respawning Veteran Guards, enemy troops charging out into the courtyard and Siege fire, it was pandemonium and chaos! (Just how we like it, right?!) Allies fell and rallied under fire. Those who died were quickly resurrected by valiant team members who darted in under immense fire and bravely revived their allies. Something needed to be done. And fast! The decision was made. Our intrepid heroes regrouped and retreated to the top of the outer walls. Ballistae went up in record time before the enemy could react. Cannons and Arrow Carts fell under the deadly aim of our Ballista masters.
That brought about another hurdle to overcome. Our heroes' supply had been severely depleted by the need to build additional siege. The call was made. Our heroes needed supply. Desperately! Several smaller squads broke off from the main fight and headed North and South to the nearest supply depots. Meanwhile, the rest of the company stayed inside the courtyard, bravely fighting off the never-ending flow of Veteran Guards and enemy troops who were desperately trying to reach the Ballistae and Mesmers. The supply runners would need portals back into the courtyard upon their return!
The next wave of supply came in, the courtyard was secured and Rams went up on the gates. It was now or never! Brave soldiers manned the Rams, the gate still under immense fire from additional Arrow Carts within the inner walls. The rams were holding out surprisingly well! The enemy set up Trebuchets on the inner bridge in an attempt to slow down the ramming. The request was made for more supply. Our heroes were going to need it! Supply runner squads kept running back and forth tirelessly, keeping the supply flows going.
The first wave of rams went down with the gate at a little over 50%. Progress was made! Additionally, Hills' supply was being drained by the enemy in an attempt at stemming the SoR tide. A fresh batch of supply arrived and a second wave of Rams went up. Our heroes poured their newly acquired supply into flash building those rams. Again, supply runner squads were sent out for more supply. The second wave of rams went down. The inner gate was down to 20%. The breakthrough was in sight. Our heroes were relentless. They refused to give up now!
Meanwhile, Rogue Agents had broken off the attack on Garrison. Their job was done. They had stalled Eredon Terrace long enough for our troops to make the initial breakthrough. They regrouped back at base camp and set out to rally with our heroes in Hills. Their new mission was to secure the back lines. It was vital to ensure the enemy did not get a foothold inside the courtyard behind allied troops.
Back in the courtyard, things were heating up even more! Additional enemy troops were pouring into the Keep. The courtyard was under constant fire of Arrow Carts, Trebuchets and Catapults. The constant respawning Veteran Guards kept our troops on their toes. Our heroes were continually on the move, bobbing and weaving, twisting and turning, keeping the pressure on that inner gate and on the enemy troops while doing their best to avoid enemy siege fire. More supply arrived at last!
Our supply runners had run into enemy resistance once the enemy had figured out that our heroes had supply runners bringing supply back! The third wave of rams went up in a flash in between Trebuchet shots and Poisoned Cows. The inner gate was down to 10%. The breakthrough was imminent. It was another race against time! Every Treb shot brought our rams one step closer to destruction. Water fields, condition cleanses and stability were kept constantly on the rams. This was going to be close! One more shot from the Trebs and the rams would be down for a third time and supply was running dry! Moments before the final, fatal Treb shot hit, the doors flew open! Breakthrough! Our heroes charged in!
Enemy siege melted under fire from our company of heroes. Panic spread through the enemy troops as they scattered and retreated into the Lords Room. Our heroes charged over the bridge and into the Lords Room behind the enemy troops. Circling around the upper balcony, our heroes cleared out any enemy troops and siege before turning their focus onto the Keep Lord. By this time, Rogue Agents had caught up with the rest of the company.
[RA] volunteered to stay back at the Enemy Waypoint, keeping pressure on any enemy troops who tried to waypoint back into Hills. The Keep Lord went down! The circle was up and the Keep was flipping! An enemy warrior managed to get in range and banner the Lord back up. More chaos erupted. Veteran Guards respawned at the same time. Our heroes turned back to the Keep Lord and burned him down once again. The capture circle was back up! Enemy soldiers were desperately trying to contest the circle and slow the capture! Just a little longer... Boom! Success! Eredon Terrace Hills finally fell under the might of SoR, resulting in a very, very hard fought, yet sweet victory!
Capturing a fully upgraded, Waypointed Tier 3 Keep is always an amazing feeling! Well done to each and everyone who contributed to the capture of this Keep! It was the combined effort of everyone at that fight who made the capture possible! And a special shout out must go out to our allies at Rogue Agents! Without their awesome fight at Garrison, delaying the enemy long enough for the breakthroughs, and their incredible back up behind enemy lines, ET Hills would not have fallen that night!

subset: commoncrawl


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What I Do
I help people all around the world transform their lives by resolving the issues and baggage that holds them back, without years of therapy or coaching.
Rapid Transformational Therapy
Get to the bottom of your blocks, uncover your hidden beliefs and change your mind.
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Rapid Transformational Therapy is a hybrid of Hypnotherapy, Neuro-Linguistic Programming, Psychotherapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.
Hypnosis is a combination of trance and suggestions, it is an altered state of awareness or consciousness. It is used when a client wants to make a specific change in their life. Trance is a state of mind we go into on a daily basis, for example when you are doing a mundane task and your mind is elsewhere. This is a relaxed state, where the brain waves are in lower activity, the same as that of a child or of a person whom meditates, which makes hypnosis a relaxing experience.
During this state of relaxation a person becomes far more suggestible, you may hear the saying 'a child's mind is like a sponge' that is because young children function in a low brain wave and therefore new information is easily absorbed. In hypnosis we get access to that same sponge-like mind which makes it a very powerful therapy.
It is important to understand that no one can be hypnotised or made to do anything against their will. The client remains in control of the entire process.
RTT was created by Marisa Peer who has successfully used this method to change peoples lives in varying ways, including helping women to conceive. I have been trained by Marisa to use this methodology and have been having great successes.
Through the extraordinary power of RTT we get to open the hidden chamber known as the Subconscious Mind. This part of the mind stores all of the past events that form our habits and thought processes. By accessing this I can expertly guide you through the events that caused your problems.
Intrigued? Contact me... issues with social anxiety, confidence, phobias or anything else... contact me.
Rapid Transformational Therapy
© 2018 by Paula Hirst Therapy


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your menstrual cycle. Here are some descriptions of different discharges. If itching is present, thick white discharge can indicate a yeast infection. Clear and. Mar 9, - As far as the sticky stuff coming from your vagina goes, it's normal to have a Vaginal discharge that is white and lumpy – looks like cottage.
Aug 15, - A thick, white discharge can occur throughout your menstrual cycle. green; a foul odor coming from the vagina; itching on the vulva or vagina. Nov 16, - Bacterial or yeast infection results in abnormal discharge. Thick white vaginal secretion is the most common type of discharge that is noticed.
A creamy discharge precedes fertile discharges (egg white type). This fluid type of vaginal discharge may be observed either before your ovulation time or later. Oct 28, - Leukorrhea is a fairly common form of vaginal discharge, especially early in pregnancy. It usually is thin and white and harmless. But, there can. https://dnevnikulturni.info/huge-tits/
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Most of it is cervical fluid, and it changes along with the menstrual cycle. "Ovulation discharge" has the quality of an egg white. Apr 8, - What is vaginal discharge? Essentially, it is just a mix of cervical mucus and vaginal secretions. "Normal" vaginal discharge looks and feels.
Discharge also can vary in color, ranging from clear to white or off-white. The amount of discharge can depend on a girl's menstrual cycle. For example, fluids. Vaginal discharge is fluid—usually white or clear—that comes out of the vagina. Most women have vaginal discharge. Some women have discharge every day.
Sep 28, - Vaginal discharge refers to secretions from the vagina. The discharge may be: Thick, pasty, or thin; Clear, cloudy, bloody, white, yellow. In this article we'll explain the role of vaginal discharge in keeping your body These glands produce small amounts of fluid also known as vaginal secretions. Normal vaginal discharge is usually clear or milky and may have a subtle scent.
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By the final week of the campaign, Paul Martin, whose own fall followed a similar downward spiral, was the only Liberal of any note to be seen on the hustings with Kathleen Wynne.
Election blame game
How did Doug Ford win? Enzo DiMatteo blames Andrea Horwath for Doug Ford's majority (NOW, June 14-20), citing the NDP surge and Horwath's reluctance to discuss minority government scenarios. The electorate was not in a forgiving mood. While suggestions that the Liberals could play a role in the next government might have pleased some downtown voters, it would have enraged the rest of the province, including a lot of NDP-PC swing voters.
More important, DiMatteo makes no mention whatsoever of the Ontario Liberals' cynical decision to spend their final weeks attacking the labour movement and, in almost every incumbent riding, using past election results to claim they were best positioned to defeat the PCs. This last-minute strategy most certainly dented Horwath's momentum.
Jordan Berger, Toronto
Did downtowners screw up election?
Congratulations on Enzo DiMatteo's article Crunch Time (NOW, June 7-13). It caused the "something for nothing" crowd in downtown Toronto to vote NDP. Now this area has no political voice at Queen's Park for the next four years. They might as well have thrown their voter cards off their balconies for all the good their vote has done them. Anyone could foresee that Doug Ford would win. Under those circumstances, voting NDP was irresponsible.
Jim Snow, Toronto
An NDP "triumph" it was not
Total pie-in-the-sky piece by Susan G. Cole on the Ontario election (NOW Online, June 8). The universe unfolded perfectly for the NDP, yet they couldn't take advantage of a hated Liberal government and a divisive, untested PC leader? If Andrea Howarth can't do better than a distant second under those circumstances, she needs to be tossed as leader.
Yes, the Liberal seat count was decimated, but they still garnered close to 20 per cent of the popular vote. With time and a more palatable leader, breaking 30 per cent is very realistic since the Liberals haven't been below that figure prior to this election since 1971.
Alan T. Bundy, From nowtoronto.com
Kathleen Wynne's big mistake
Regarding Peter Graefe's article Doug Ford's New Order (NOW, June 14-20). Kathleen Wynne made an irresponsible promise during the 2014 election campaign to balance the province's books by 2017-2018. To pay for this promise she sold a majority stake in Hydro One. There is one promise I would like all politicians to keep: don't make promises.
Randall Jeffrey Pancer, Toronto
TTC responds to drug testing criticism
I am responding to Ian Carey's article Pot Testing Problem At The TTC (NOW, June 7-13)
The TTC uses the most advanced oral-fluid technology available for its random drug-testing program. The TTC tests for THC levels at 10ng. This cut-off level has been arrived at through the advice of experts in the field of drug testing. A critical element of the TTC's fitness-for-duty policy around random testing is ensuring that the TTC captures only likely impairment at work.
But fundamental to why the TTC implemented random testing: public and worker safety. The TTC, having seen a rise in the number of post-incident positive test results, had an obligation to act. Random testing also has the added benefit of acting as a deterrent. Positive results have gone from over 3 per cent in May of 2017 to about 1.5 per cent today.
Brad Ross, Corporate and Customer Communications, Toronto Transit Commission
AGO gets it wrong on Emily Carr
Regarding the AGO's move to change the name of Emily Carr's painting (NOW, June 7-13). I imagine Emily Carr would agree with the AGO name change, if she were alive. But she's not. She named it Indian Church, and it's her painting. Nobody has the right to change the name.
It's unlikely she meant disrespect – look at her paintings. These are works of art, and you don't tamper with works of art, no matter how sound you think your reasons.
Artists have the last say about their work. It's called art, and it's called history. No tampering allowed. This AGO decision is absolutely wrong.
Robin Hannah, Toronto


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Working in healthcare can be an extremely rewarding experience. Patients are often grateful for the treatment and care they receive. But sometimes patients can be difficult, hostile, or even aggressive. Almost everyone who works in the field of healthcare will encounter a difficult patient at least occasionally in their career. In order to handle situations appropriately, it's important to understand more about why patients become difficult and how they may act. Continue reading "Dealing with Difficult Patients: How to Keep Your Cool"
Category: Travel Healthcare
Travel Nursing With Family – Can You Make it Work?on
If you think you can't take a travel nursing job because you are married or have kids, you may be surprised. Lots of nurses take their families with them on one or more assignments. Managing a travel assignment and a family may take some planning, flexibility and compromise, but it can be done successfully. There are several things to take into consideration, such as the following: Continue reading "Travel Nursing With Family – Can You Make it Work?"
20 Reasons Why It's Great To Be A Soliant Travel Health Professionalon
- Excellent Benefits: Soliant travel allied health professionals have wonderful benefits, such as health insurance, dental and vision coverage, a matching 401(k) program, life insurance, reimbursement for continuing education and licensing fees, travel money, and many other things you're probably not getting from your current job.
- Great pay: travel health professionals often earn significantly more than their stationary counterparts. If you are willing to work night shifts, overtime, weekends, and holidays, simply let your Soliant recruiter know and you will see a pretty attractive paycheck for your extended efforts. As you gain more experience working in different settings and roles. You'll be able to command top dollar for learning an array of skills and expertise.
- Job Security: Travel allied health professionals have the advantage of working where and when they are needed. When you're not needed anymore, you go somewhere else that needs you. With our vast network of resources and contacts, Soliant Health provides nursing jobs virtually anywhere in the U.S. The best part is that words like "downsizing", "layoff", or reorganization" will mean nothing to you. Continue reading "20 Reasons Why It's Great To Be A Soliant Travel Health Professional"
Pharmacy Specialist Certification: Hype or Hope?on
The state of the economy has caused many to reevaluate their careers and has led others to look for ways to make themselves more marketable to potential employers. Although pharmacists have had to worry about the future of their careers less than many other professions, some are still concerned. For those who are concerned, specialty certification is an attractive way to increase one's knowledge base and provide additional credentials to their resumes.
Continue reading "Pharmacy Specialist Certification: Hype or Hope?"
How Networking Can Help Nurses on Travel Assignmentson
Making the decision to temporarily work as a nurse somewhere you've never been and with people you've never met takes a lot of courage, but an endeavor like this can have huge payoffs. Nurses on travel assignments encounter dozens of opportunities to grow their knowledge, experience, and connections, and all it takes is an effort to network. Continue reading "How Networking Can Help Nurses on Travel Assignments"
Personalized Medicine for Ovarian Canceron
In 2003, the Human Genome Project was completed. This thirteen-year project was supposed to revolutionize the world of medicine, and it did help scientists understand a great deal more about the human genetic condition. It also raised considerably more questions. At the time everyone thought medicine would soon be developed to treat specific people based on their genetic information. Medicine has developed even further in the last eight years, but there are currently only a handful of medications that factor genetic information. A new genetic study of ovarian cancer may increase the ability of physicians, scientists, and pharmacists to personalize medicine even further. Continue reading "Personalized Medicine for Ovarian Cancer"


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Safeguarding Notice
Key Safeguarding Documents
Advice for Visitors
Advice for Parents (NSPCC)
Keeping Your Child Safe Online
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
These are the key documents about keeping children safe in education. All those that work with children must understand these documents and know what to do if they are worried about a child. Every member of staff at Avenue has received training and will do everything they can to protect children from harm.
Keeping Children Safe in Education 2019
Working Together to Safeguard Children 2018
Safeguarding Child Protection Policy 2019-20
Annex to Safeguarding and Child Protection Policy (2019 – 2020)
What to do if you're worried a child is being abused 2015
Click the links below to follow Avenue Primary Academy and
Cirrus Primary Academy Trust on Twitter
All information provided on this website and on our blogs is provided in good faith. Occasionally information may become out of date. We celebrate the successes of our pupils and staff, and include images of them on our website, adhering to our eSafety policy. If a parent requests an image to be removed from the site, we will do this without delay.
© 2019 Cirrus Primary Academy Trust


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49ers president Jed York is turning to his uncle, former owner Eddie DeBartolo Jr., for advice on how to turn around the franchise. DeBartolo will serve as a consultant in the process of finding a general manager. Only after a general manager is in place will San Francisco begin looking for a replacement following the firing of coach Mike Singletary. Former defensive line coach Jim Tomsula will lead the 49ers in their season finale.
York Asking DeBartolo For Help In Turning 49ers Around


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A Manhattan Federal judge rejected an effort Thursday to force the fired Commissioner of the Department of Investigation to testify about kids poisoned by lead paint in NYCHA housing.
Mayor de Blasio fired former DOI Commissioner Mark Peters in November for overstepping his authority.
Attorney Renner Walker, who is representing dozens of lead-poisoned children, had hoped to question Peters under oath regarding other possible motivations for his termination. Peters alleged that a top mayoral aide had pressured him in November 2017 to not release a report on the lead paint scandal.
But Judge William Pauley called the effort "premature" and quashed Walker's subpoena on Peters.
"I think this is an impulse to grandstand on the publicity of Peters' departure, which has already faded from the public's mind," Pauley said.
The judge noted the case was of "public importance" and urged both sides to quickly begin taking testimony and sharing evidence.


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Pressure: 0.8 - 1.0 Mpa
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1-20 ton biomass fired boiler
Capacity: 1-20 ton/h
Pressure: 0.7-2.5 Mpa
Fuel: Biomass particles
Industries: Heating, chemical, food, tobacco, textile, printing and dyeing, feed, medicine, building material, wine, rubber, hospital
Wood Chip Heating book7.indd - Biomass Energy Resource Center
Wood Chips and Other Types of Biomass Fuels . . . . . 13 .. combustor, connected by a blast tube. . No. 2 Fuel Oil. No. 6 Fuel Oil. Electricity. LP Gas. Natural Gas. Coal ton gal water (a fire-tube boiler) or water tubes surrounded.
Primer on Wood Biomass for Energy
May 26, 2004 report were $6.6-$13.2/1000 green kg ($6-$12/ton) for pine pulpwood. .. ing and metering system for wood chip fuel, two fire tube boilers, and
Biomass Energy Feasibility Study - Alaska Industrial Development and
Figure 6: Comparative Cost of Fuel Oil vs. .. estimate of Total Cost $/Ton is for wood chips delivered to Galena; $20 dollars per ton has . Plant, steam generation is performed by three low pressure fire tube steam boilers, all Clever Brooks.
Biomass heating in Upper Austria Green energy - Pellet Fuels Institute
Fuel selection - pellets or wood chips? Firewood automatic wood chip heating systems for commercial modern biomass boilers installed in the European Union .. The separation of the feeding system and the fire bed . second pipe is used to extract air from the storage . typical pellet storage capacity: 3-6 tons (at.
Wood Pellet-Fired Biomass Boiler Project at the Ketchikan - GSA
Wood Pellet-Fired Biomass Boiler Project at the Ketchikan Federal Building. Page i .. the current cost of fuel oil, the delivered cost of wood pellets, and the amount of heating required annually . early 2012 and the final commissioning report was submitted on February 6, 2012. . This is known as a fire tube design as.
Primer on Wood Biomass for Energy - Forest Products Laboratory
supply of wood fuel (~1,360 green kg (~1.5 green tons) per hour per megawatt of .. tering system for wood-chip fuel, two fire-tube boilers, and a computerized
Where is Forks? - Sustainable Northwest
Heating school buildings with wood chips. Motivators and Lessons Learned Page 6 We use about 25 tons of green wood chips about every two FireTube Boiler Wood chip: Messersmith WaterTube Backup Boiler 2 Fuel Oil:.
Biomass Boilers for Space Heating - Wisconsin Statewide Wood
Types of wood fuels. Types of Wood Chips. Whole tree chips, round wood chips, clean chips (lbs / cord). Basswood 2100 lb / cord; Hickory 4160 lb / cord. All wood about 7000 Btu / lb. @ 20% moisture. 6 Unit of measure Tons or pounds. Bulk in . 1 Firebox fire brick lined Small heating tubes run in.
Case Studies on Wood Biomass Use in the - Maryland DNR
the information gathered at six visits to facilities that currently use wood biomass as a fuel source for boilers follow a injected into the fire box an operator .. heat transfer tubes at the top of the . tons of wood chips per average day.
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from falling through the slots by a fuel diversion structure (6). Various types of fuel feed boiler is able to burn a variety of wood particle fuels, ranging from sawdust and wood chips to shavings, pellets, and other wood wastes1. Fire Box Capacity. 6.5 ft3 for heat exchange in the larger models, multiple firetubes are used
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Jul 20, 2016 There is growing use of wood pellet and wood chip boilers in the UK. Site visits were made to six small-scale boiler systems and one . The seventh site represented large-scale wood pellet storage (8,000 tonnes), used for storing fuel . It included chemical, fire, and explosion hazards from wood dust,
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furnace in part depends on the heating fuel. Examples include cordwood, wood chips, wood pellets, shell corn and other grains . stoking, or loading, the fire. Burn small, hot fires. Load only enough wood for the next 6 to 12 hours. (115 tons) to equal the energy from a air in the blast tube to increase turbulence,.
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Dec 21, 2017 (Received 6 June 2017; accepted 26 September 2017; published capacity of chip boilers in the Interior, their installation costs per installed include areas of land clearing and fire remediation, wind and beetle kill, and lumber mill scrap. Woody biomass that can be used as an energy fuel includes
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Jan 14, 2011 Is Wood the Best Renewable Fuel for Heating? a wood-chip-fueled biomass boiler to heat 85 percent of its campus. and a flexible auger tube to move the fuel around," Charles Niebling, general manager of New England Wood Pellet, says. . The average home burns 3 to 6 tons of pellets in a season.
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regulatory constraints is that boilers that could have potentially utilized dead . forest fuels, allowing the hauling of more BDT per load and a more efficient combustion. . assumptions of 6 green tons of logs per MBF and the dead trees having an demand for biomass comes from coal plants that will co-fire wood pellets,


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How Dental Implants Can Make You Look Younger
Not only can gaps make you feel old but they can make you look older too. When a tooth is removed the jawbone will start to shrink where the tooth was…
Not only can gaps make you feel old but they can make you look older too. When a tooth is removed the jawbone will start to shrink where the tooth was…
Do you have missing teeth? Have missing teeth had a significant impact on your life and your overall confidence? Well the team here at Ollie & Darsh could have the perfect solution for you.
However you may have lost teeth, either through decay or accident, missing teeth should never have a negative impact on your life. That's why we recommend dental implants as a long-lasting and discreet solution to restoring you back to full smile health!
The sun is finally out and we've been enjoying some extraordinary weather here in Liverpool. That means we're all working on our tans, taking advantage of the long days and light nights and posing for photographs to remember the sun throughout the winter!
But does the mere mention of a camera fill you with dread. Over the years we've worked with plenty of people who dread striking a pose for photographs because of the condition of their teeth. This is never truer than for people who suffer with missing teeth.
So, you've made the decision to restore your smile with dental implants and your teeth are looking the best they have in years. Now is the time to consider exactly how you maintain those implants to keep your smile looking fresh for many more years to come.
It all comes down to your dental hygiene routine and regular visits to your dentist. As with anything worthwhile, consistency is key! So let's take a look at some of the best ways you can keep your implants clean and healthy.
Fix your technique
Here at Ollie & Darsh, we've witnessed first-hand how much missing teeth can affect a person's life. We've also experienced how transformative dental implants can be in the lives of clients who have struggled with gaps in their teeth.
This week, we'd like to take a look at exactly how and why implants are the perfect solution for anyone looking to replace missing teeth and restore their smile.
What are dental implants?
So you've taken the plunge and invested in dental implants to replace any missing teeth you may have. What a brilliant step! Now that you've had the surgical implant procedure, you need to make sure that your mouth is as healthy an environment as possible so it can heal as quickly as possible.
Have a read of some of our advice to get you on the road to recovery nice and quickly so your implants will have the best chance of success.
Get plenty of rest
Today (Friday January 29th) marks the 25th anniversary of the official patenting of one of the most influential advancements in modern dental implant technology. This anniversary also marks the induction of its inventor into the US's National Inventors Hall of Fame.
Swedish doctor and anatomy expert Per-Ingvar Branemark will be added to the illustrious list of innovators for his pioneering discovery of osseointegration, better known as the process that occurs when a dental implant is integrated into the jaw bone and fuses in place with the body's own tissue. This has revolutionised not only dental implant technology but the world of reconstructive surgery in general.
Anyone who reads our blog on a regular basis will know that we are firm believers in the power of modern dental implants. When it comes to restoring lost teeth, there is no more effective solution. However, implant therapy is not for everyone. Before you make the decision to invest in implants your dentist will have to evaluate if you are eligible.
Let's take a look at some of the most common factors affecting dental implant eligibility among patients.
How healthy is your jawbone?
Anyone with dentures know that it's not always an easy life. Despite advances in technology over the last 10 years, making them more natural and better fitting, dentures still present wearers with common problems leading to self-consciousness and discomfort.
Let's take a look at some of the common pitfalls in dentures and how best to solve them!
Ill-fitting dentures
It goes without saying that dental health and smoking do not make happy bedfellows…but we want to narrow this down for you and take a look at the link between smoking and dental implant failure.
When they're taken care of correctly, dental implants are a life-changing, long-term investment. Research published in the Journal of the International Society of Preventative & Community Dentistry suggests that the likelihood of implant failure is determined by the circumstances of the individual patient, rather than the implant itself. So, factors ranging from lifestyle to oral hygiene are the most significant.
Is there really a link?


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Carrie has high quality merchandise and will give very fair prices for those items that come in and out of your life in a matter of months. Better than putting things on Craigs List.
Day One
If you are a first time mom, check out the new parent support groups. Its a great place to connect with other wide eyed first timers and an opportunity to ask all questions. Don't be surprised if you start amazing friendships in that room.
Marzia Salon
While appointments are close to impossible, make the time to go visit Patrick at Salon on the Square. He has an incredible eye for cut and will not let you leave if you are unhappy with the results.
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It is an added bonus that she accepts insurances.
Martinizing Dry Cleaners
I've been using Eugene's shop for several years and its a given that all clothes come back spotless and prestine and mended, if needed. They also maintain great prices
They remember your name, they remember your needs. Very friendly family-owned shop.
Laurel Schultz, MD
We absolutely adore our pediatrician Laurel Schultz. She is definitely the parents' advocate and happy to share different medical views.
She is an adoptive mom of two beautiful kids so she's a great choice if you are adopting domestically or internationally.
Miette Cakes
I absolutely adore French Macaroons and this place has the best in San Francisco. Light, airy and sweet. Perfect complement to a home cooked meal. Their packaging is also well done, so a wonderful hostess gift.
Bay Bread
Don't have time for a trip to Paris? Never mind, just get over to Pine, Polk or Cole, and experience baked goods as good as the best in Paris. Amazingly crusty sweet breads, hearty yet delicate desserts, everything is superb and the prices are extremely reasonable. Check out the macaroons. Simply divine!
A real bargain is their $4 Croque Monsieur, not any old grilled cheese with ham, but their own bread, several kinds of cheese (and lots of it--including the entire top covered in it), plus lean ham and a delictable white cheese sauce. Yum!
Basil Thai
Basil Thai is a refreshing change for a south of market lunch eatery. They serve up tasty thai appetizers and the entrees are just plain fun.
The pad thai is delicious, as is their stuff eggplant dish. In fact, I've heard very few complaints about any of the dishes.
Check it out if you're in SOMA.


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The Crystal Katana is also the Cake Katana and makes applying dragées, cachousand candies to baked goods so much easier. The Cake Katana Kit includes a Cake Katana, a tool case, a dragée/candy tray, a 5ml syringe, and a 16ga syringe tip. The synthetic wax tip is non-toxic. The wax tip can be cleaned with an alcohol wipe. Please note that the dragée/candy tray holes may vary in size.
Watch a video below:
Check out more information and videos at https://www.facebook.com/crystalninja/


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Login to Online Wellness Portal
Contact us! 412-563-8800
Pathways to SmartCare empowers your employees to "Make Smart Choices!"
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In this session, we will be going over the multitude of health benefits including in eating well including why whole foods should come first and the negatives of choosing processed foods.
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Fitness SmartCare Sessions8 Components of Wellness Realizing the whole picture of wellness requires more than a one-sided approach. It's hard to keep track of all the different ways to keep your health and happiness in a positive standing – and sometimes we don't even know what they are! In this SmartCare Session your employees will learn…
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Section 18A of the Summary Offences Act 1988 (NSW) is the criminal offence of Advertising for Prostitutes and is stated below.
If you would like an experienced criminal lawyer to help you achieve an outstanding outcome in your Summary Offences Act case, call Sydney Criminal Lawyers® today on (02) 9261 8881 for a free first appointment.
We have a proven track record in representing clients in Summary Offences Act cases and ensuring that you don't get a criminal record or harsh punishment.
The Legislation
18A Advertising for prostitutes
(1) A person shall not, in any manner, publish or cause to be published an advertisement for a prostitute. Maximum penalty: 10 penalty units or imprisonment for 3 months.
(2) In this section, "advertisement for a prostitute" means an advertisement that indicates, or that can be reasonably taken to indicate, that:
(a) employment for a prostitute is or may be available, or
(b) a person is required for employment as a prostitute or to act as a prostitute, or
(c) a person is required for employment in a position that involves, or may involve, acting as a prostitute.
Why Sydney Criminal Lawyers®?
Choosing the right legal team to defend your reputation and interests can be a difficult process.
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Our criminal law specialists will take the time in every case to carefully scrutinise all the evidence in order to identify problems with the prosecution case at an early stage in the proceedings.
Where issues are found, our lawyers will write to the prosecution asking to have the charges dropped on this basis – often sparing our clients the considerable time and expense associated with defended hearings.
However, should your matter proceed to court, our senior lawyers will represent you and present a strong defence case to maximise your chances of being found 'not guilty.'
Our senior lawyers are highly skilled advocates who have been recognised for their expert knowledge of the criminal law, as well as their ability to obtain excellent results in difficult cases.
We can assist you in avoiding the harsh penalties imposed by the law if you simply wish to plead guilty – in these cases, our experienced advocates can prepare and present compelling sentencing submissions which focus on any positive factors of your case.
For the best defence in your case, get the experts on your side today. Call us now on
(02) 9261 8881 and book your FREE first conference with our criminal law specialists.


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The Kensington Therapy Center is an office space shared by independent mental health practitioners including psychologists, licensed marriage and family therapists, and licensed clinical social workers. Among all the therapists at the Center, we treat individuals, couples, and families of all ages. Together we are committed to providing a safe, professional, and comfortable atmosphere for you to work through difficult times.
Copyright © 2018 Kensington Therapy Center - All Rights Reserved.


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/NoVSIP (devenv.exe)
Disables the Visual Studio SDK developer license key on a developer workstation and then starts Visual Studio.
Devenv /NoVSIP
When the Visual Studio SDK developer license is present, all packages are permitted to load, which is necessary for VSPackage development. However, using the /NoVSIP switch directs Visual Studio to load as if the Visual Studio SDK developer license key was not present. This way, only VSPackages that hae a valid package load key are allowed to load. Using this switch allows for testing VSPackage load key authentication.
The following example shows how to use the /NoVSIP switch.
Devenv.exe /novsip


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jcli auto-completion bash ${HOME}/.bash_completion.d
Welcome to the Jörmungandr User Manual.
Jörmungandr is a implementation of a distributed ledger full node, written in rust, with the initial aim to support Ouroboros type of consensus protocol.
A full node is a participant of a blockchain network, continuously making, sending, receiving and validating blocks. Each full node in the network is responsible to ensure the protocol is followed.
The Jörmungandr has been with us since the dawn of time. In Norse mythology the Jörmungandr fulfilled the responsibility of being "The Midgard Serpent". Earlier civilizations such as the Ancient Egyptians also knew of the Jörmungandr, though differently, as the serpent that eats its tail, the Ouroboros. In modern times the Jörmungandr rarely appears, if at all, but only appears during hard times when the hero within us is revealed, only to those who have the keenest sense of attention earned by hard training and only to those who wield the Fractalide sword. The Jörmungandr is one of two dragons the sword commands. If the inexperienced have yet to earn their sword, they may do so by trying to pull the below sword from their screen.
This quickstart section will allow you to
connect through to the luceo blockchain
setup your own luceo stakepool
educate you on the finer details of
jcli subcommands.
The software bundles 2 command line programs:
jormungandr, the node;
jcli, the Jormungandr Command Line Interface, a low level program that interact with the node.
This is the recommended method. Releases are available at the release section.
Jormungandr's source code is available at github. Follow the instructions to build the software from source.
All commands come with usage help, find out by adding
--help or
-h to the end of the command.
jcli has a feature which allows you to generate auto completion:
jcli auto-completion bash ${HOME}/.bash_completion.d
Supported shells are:
powershell and
${HOME}/.bash_completion.d directory exists on your hard disk.
In order to use auto completion you still need to:
source ${HOME}/.bash_completion.d/jcli.bash
You can also put it in your
${HOME}/.bashrc so that it's loaded whenever you enter your shell.
The passive Node is the most common type of node on the network, it doesn't create blocks and is mostly used for wallets, explorers or relays.
In order to start the node, you first need to gather the blockchain information you need to connect to.
the hash of the genesis block of the blockchain, this will be the source of truth of the blockchain. It is 64 hexadecimal characters.
the trusted peers identifiers and access points.
The above information can be found at luceo connection information.
This information is essential for the correct starting of your node.
The genesis block is the first block of a blockchain. It contains static initialization parameters such as the initial funds. Your node will utilise the hash to retrieve the genesis block from the other peers. Once obtained the hash is used to verify the integrity of the downloaded genesis block.
Trusted peers are public nodes in the network your node will trust in order to initialise participate in the Peer To Peer network. More details to come.
Your node configuration file may look like the following:
This config shouldn't work as it is, the ip address and port for the trusted peer should be those of an already running node. Also, the public_address ('u.x.v.t') should be a valid address (you can use an internal one, eg: 127.0.0.1). Furthermore, you need to have permission to write in the path specified by the storage config.
storage: "/mnt/luceo/storage"
listen: "127.0.0.1:8443"
prefix: "api"
- id: 1
address: "/ip4/188.8.131.52/tcp/8299"
public_access: "/ip4/u.v.x.y/tcp/8299"
messages: low
blocks: normal
Field definitions:
storage: (optional) path to the storage. If omitted, the blockchain is stored in memory only.
logger: (optional) logger configuration,
verbosity: 0 - warning, 1 - info, 2 -debug, 3 and above - trace
format: log output format - plain or json.
output: log output - stderr, syslog (unix only) or journald (linux with systemd only, must be enabled during compilation)
rest: (optional) configuration of the rest endpoint.
listen: listen address
pkcs12: certificate file (optional)
prefix: (optional) api prefix
peer_2_peer: the P2P network settings
trusted_peers: (optional) the list of nodes to connect to in order to bootstrap the p2p topology (and bootstrap our local blockchain);
public_id: (optional) the public identifier send to the other nodes in the p2p network. If not set it will be randomly generated.
public_access: the address to listen from and accept connection from. This is the public address that will be distributed to other peers of the network that may find interest into participating to the blockchain dissemination with the node;
topics_of_interests: the different topics we are interested to hear about:
messages: notify other peers this node is interested about transactions typical setting for a non mining node:
"low". For a stakepool:
blocks: notify other peers this node is interested about new blocks. typical settings for a non mining node:
"normal". For a stakepool:
jormungandr --config config.yaml --genesis-block-hash 'abcdef987654321....'
The 'abcdef987654321….' part refers to the hash of the genesis, that should be given to you from one of the peers in the network you are connecting to.
In case you have the genesis file (for example, because you are creating the network) you can get this hash with jcli.
cat block-0 | jcli genesis hash
or, in case you only have the yaml file
cat genesis.yaml | jcli genesis encode | jcli genesis hash
This section is unstable and will change.
It is possible to query the node via its REST Interface.
In the node configuration, one should do something like:
# ...
listen: "127.0.0.1:8443"
prefix: "api"
This is the REST endpoint to talk to the node, to query blocks or send transaction.
It is possible to query the node stats with the following end point:
curl http://127.0.0.1:8443/api/v0/node/stats
Try it on the luceo endpoint
curl https://luceo.fractalide.org/v0/node/stats
The result may be:
This chapter covers the general concepts of the blockchain, and their application in the node, and is followed by the node organisation and the user interaction with it.
Slots represent the basic unit of time in a blockchain, at each slot a block might be present.
Consecutive slots are grouped into epochs, with an updateable size defined by the protocol.
A Fragment is data representing about the blockchain, it includes updates to the protocol, transactions and certificate information.
Blocks are the blockchain's spine, they are safely and securely linked together into a chain, whilst grouping valid fragments together.
Blocks are composed of 2 parts:
The header
The content
The header securely links the content together with the blocks. The content is effectively a sequence of fragments.
A blockchain is defined by a set of rules that create blocks periodically. Rules can be changed on the fly in system updates, while others are hardcoded in the genesis block (first block of the blockchain).
+-------+ +-------+
|Genesis+<-----+Block 1+<--- ....
|Header | |Header |
+---+---+ +---+---+
| |
+---v---+ +---v---+
|Genesis| |Block 1|
|Content| |Content|
+-------+ +-------+
Jormungandr currently supports the following consensus protocols:
Ouroboros BFT (OBFT)
Ouroboros Genesis-Praos
Ouroboros BFT is a simple Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) protocol with known block makers that create and broadcast blocks onto the network in a round robin type fashion.
Ouroboros Genesis Praos is a proof of stake (PoS) protocol where block makers are selected via a sortition or lottery process. Each stake pool has a winning chance of being selected to create the next block proportional to their stake held. The sortitions are private or local to the stake pool, so other nodes don't have no prior knowledge of who can create blocks.
Leadership defines a set of nodes that check blocks are correctly created. New leadership is selected at the start of every epoch.
The secure enclave is designed to securely contain secret cryptographic material, it offers safe interfaces for the rest of the node to interact with.
The node's network consists of 3 components:
Intercommunication API (GRPC)
Public client API (REST)
Control client API (REST)
This interface is an binary interface using the protobuf format and GRPC standard. The protobuf files schema are available in the source code.
The interface is responsible to communicate with other nodes in the network:
block sending and receiving
fragments (transaction, certificates) broadcast
peer2peer gossip
This interface is for simple queries for clients like:
Wallet Client & Middleware
Analytics & Debugging tools
it's recommended for this interface to not be opened to the public.
Here we will describe how to delegate stake to a stake pool allowing rewards to be collected.
Normal users shouldn't need to setup a stakepool, thus please skip that section.
Without a stake key you cannot participate in the consensus process. Generating this key allows one to have a place for their funds, participate in the protocol, claim stake, reap rewards and if one desires, setup a stakepool.
This key pair identifies you as a potential stake owner.
It is preferable to use a key pair that is different from
your wallet (for security reason). See the [
jcli key] documentation
to generate a new key pair of type
Ed25519 or
Ed25519Extended. For example:
$ jcli key generate --type=Ed25519Extended > stake_key.prv
The file
stake_key.prv will contain your private key.
$ cat stake_key.prv | jcli key to-public > stake_key.pub
The file
stake_key.pub will contain your public key.
Now that you have created your stake key you can choose to delegate your staking power to a stake pool.
You will need your:
stake_key.pub file as created in stake key.
the Stake Pool ID: 32bytes identifying the stake pool you want to delegate your stake to.
$ jcli certificate new stake-delegation \
ea830e5d9647af89a5e9a4d4089e6e855891a533316adf4a42b7bf1372389b74 \
$(cat stake_key.pub) > stake_delegation.cert
Just like for the stake key certificate:
$ cat stake_delegation.cert| jcli certificate sign stake_key.prv | tee stake_delegation.cert
The output can now be added in the
transaction and submitted to a node.
jcli transaction add-certificate command can be used to add a certificate to a transaction in finalized state.
For example:
Note that in order to finalize a transaction, it should have both inputs and outputs.
jcli transaction finalize CHANGE_ADDRESS --fee-constant 5 --fee-coefficient 2 --fee-certificate 2 --staging tx
jcli transaction add-certificate $(cat stake_delegation.cert) --staging tx
--fee-certificate flag indicates the cost of adding a certificate, used for computing the fees, it can be omitted if it is zero.
See transaction for more documentation on transaction creation.
There are a few bits of information important to running a stake pool:
NodeId: The global identifier. Wallets will delegate to your stake pool via this
VRF key pair: this is the cryptographic material used to participate in leader election;
KES key pair: this is the cryptographic material used to sign blocks with.
So in order to start your stake pool you will need to generate these objects.
jcli is used to generate your VRF key pair
$ jcli key generate --type=Curve25519_2HashDH > stake_pool_vrf.prv
stake_pool_vrf.prv file now contains the VRF private key.
$ cat stake_pool_vrf.prv | jcli key to-public > stake_pool_vrf.pub
Similar to above:
$ jcli key generate --type=SumEd25519_12 > stake_pool_kes.prv
stake_pool_kes.prv now contains your KES private key
$ cat stake_pool_kes.prv | jcli key to-public > stake_pool_kes.pub
The stakepool certificate is used to indicate to other stakepools you're a block signer.
$ jcli certificate new stake-pool-registration \
--kes-key $(cat stake_pool_kes.pub) \
--vrf-key $(cat stake_pool_vrf.pub) \
--serial 1010101010 > stake_pool.cert
Next, sign this certificate with the owner key:
$ cat stake_pool.cert | jcli certificate sign stake_key.prv | tee stake_pool.cert
Next, obtain your stake pool id (
$ cat stake_pool.cert | jcli certificate get-stake-pool-id | tee stake_pool.id
Generally interfacing with the node requires the use of JCLI, which is a command line application that contains all the cryptographic functions needed to work well. JCLI is mostly meant for developers and stake pool operators. It allows offline operations:
generating cryptographic materials for wallets and stake pools
creating addresses, transactions and certificates
prepare a new blockchain
and it allows simple interactions with the node:
query stats
send transactions and certificates
get raw blocks and UTxOs
$ jcli key [subcommand]
These are the supported cryptographic keys and their uses
Signing algorithm for Ed25519 algorithm
Related to the HDWallet, Ed25519 Extended with chain code for derivation derivation
Related to
For stake pool, necessary for the KES
For stake pool, necessary for the VRF
The command line parameter to generate a secret key:
$ jcli key generate --type=Ed25519
and the approach used to extract the associated public key:
$ echo ed25519_sk1cvac48ddf2rpk9na94nv2zqhj74j0j8a99q33gsqdvalkrz6ar9srnhvmt | jcli key to-public
Jormungandr comes with a subcommand to create and manipulate addresses.
$ jcli address [subcommand]
For example; creating addresses from public keys for debugging addresses and for testing.
To display an address and verify it is in a valid format you can utilise:
$ jcli address info ta1svy0mwwm7mdwcuj308aapjw6ra4c3e6cygd0f333nvtjzxg8ahdvxlswdf0
discrimination: testing
public key: ed25519e_pk1pr7mnklkmtk8y5tel0gvnksldwywwkpzrt6vvvvmzus3jpldmtpsx9rnmx
another example:
$ jcli address \
info \
discrimination: production
public key: ed25519e_pk1pr7mnklkmtk8y5tel0gvnksldwywwkpzrt6vvvvmzus3jpldmtpsx9rnmx
group key: ed25519e_pk1pr7mnklkmtk8y5tel0gvnksldwywwkpzrt6vvvvmzus3jpldmtpsx9rnmx
Each subcommand can create an address for testing or production networks; simply add the flag
--testing to the end of the command.
You can create a bootstrap era address by executing the following command.
$ jcli address \
single ed25519e_pk1jnlhwdgzv3c9frknyv7twsv82su26qm30yfpdmvkzyjsdgw80mfqduaean
This kind of address is useful when running in the BFT era or if delegation is not desired.
Account are much simpler to use, they are needed to create reward account but it is also possible to utilise them as a wallet.
An Account address can do three things:
Send Luceo
Receive Luceo
Delegate staking rights to a stakepool
To create an account:
$ jcli address \
account ed25519e_pk1c4yq3hflulynn8fef0hdq92579n3c49qxljasrl9dnuvcksk84gs9sqvc2
Tooling for offline transaction creation and signing.
jcli transaction [subcommand]
There is a couple subcommands that can be used to:
prepare a transaction:
new creates a new empty transaction;
add-input adds a utxo input
add-account adds an account
add-output adds a utxo output
finalize the transaction for signing:
create witnesses and add the witnesses:
seal the transaction, ready to send to the blockchain
There are also functions to help decode and display the content information of a transaction:
id to get the Transaction ID of the transaction
to-message to get the hexadecimal encoded message, ready to send with
cli rest message
Let's say we have the following utxo
UTXO's transaction ID
UTXO's output index
associated address
associated value
And we want to transfer 50 lu to the following address
A tx
input consists of the
UTxO transaction id number, the
UTxO output index and the
amount, which indicates the amount of coin you want to send. The last parameter
--staging <file> is also required as it'll amend the contents of that file.
Adding a tx output consists of two parameters; the address to send to and the
--staging <file> you'll add the data to.
jcli transaction add-output ca1qvnr5pvt9e5p009strshxndrsx5etcentslp2rwj6csm8sfk24a2wlqtdj650 --staging tx
fee and
change address
We want to get the change in the same address that we are sending from (the associated address of the utxo). We also specify how to compute the fees.
You can leave out the
--fee-constant 5 --fee-coefficient 2 part if those are both 0.
jcli transaction finalize ca1q09u0nxmnfg7af8ycuygx57p5xgzmnmgtaeer9xun7hly6mlgt3pjyknplu --fee-constant 5 --fee-coefficient 2 --staging tx
Now, if you run
jcli transaction info --fee-constant 5 --fee-coefficient 2 --staging tx
You should see something like this
Transaction `0df39a87d3f18a188b40ba8c203f85f37af665df229fb4821e477f6998864273' (finalizing)
Input: 100
Output: 89
Fees: 11
Balance: 0
- 55762218e5737603e6d27d36c8aacf8fcd16406e820361a8ac65c7dc663f6d1c:0 100
+ ca1qvnr5pvt9e5p009strshxndrsx5etcentslp2rwj6csm8sfk24a2wlqtdj650 50
+ ca1q09u0nxmnfg7af8ycuygx57p5xgzmnmgtaeer9xun7hly6mlgt3pjyknplu 39
For signing the transaction a private key needs to be associated with a UTxO input address and the hash of the genesis block of the network you are connected to.
The genesis' hash is needed to ensure the transaction cannot be re-used in another blockchain and for security concerns in offline transaction signing, as we are signing the transaction for the specific blockchain started by a unique block0 hash.
The following command takes the private key in the key.prv file and creates a witness in a file named witness in the same directory.
jcli transaction make-witness --genesis-block-hash abcdef987654321... --type utxo txid --staging tx witness key.prv
jcli transaction seal --staging tx
jcli transaction to-message --staging tx > txmsg
Send it using the rest api
jcli rest v0 message post -f txmsg --host http://127.0.0.1:8443/api
You can check if the transaction was accepted by checking the node logs, for example, if the transaction is accepted
jcli rest v0 message logs -h http://127.0.0.1:8443/api
- fragment_id: d6ef0b2148a51ed64531efc17978a527fd2d2584da1e344a35ad12bf5460a7e2
last_updated_at: "2019-06-11T15:38:17.070162114Z"
received_at: "2019-06-11T15:37:09.469101162Z"
received_from: Rest
InABlock: "4.707"
Where the InABlock status means that the transaction was accepted in the block with date "4.707".
The status here could also be:
Pending: if the transaction is received and is pending being added in the blockchain (or rejected).
Rejected: with an attached message of the reason the transaction was rejected.
Tooling for offline transaction creation
jcli certificate [subcommand]
Builds a signed certificate.
The process can be split into discreet steps after the certificate is created.
jcli certificate new stake-pool-registration \
--vrf-key <vrf-public-key> --kes-key <kes-public-key> \
[--owner <owner-public-key>] \
--serial <node-serial> \
If the
output-file is omitted, the result will be written to
stdout. Once the
certificate is ready you must sign it with the private keys of
all the owners:
jcli certificate sign <key> <input-file> <output-file>
Tooling for working with a genesis file
decode: Prints the YAML file corresponding to an encoded genesis block.
encode: Creates a genesis block of the blockchain from a given yaml file.
hash: Prints the block hash of the genesis
init: Creates a default Genesis file with appropriate documentation to help creating the YAML file
Jormungandr comes with an HTTP client for manual communication with nodes.
Many CLI commands have common arguments:
-h <addr> or
--host <addr> - Node API address must always have
http:// or
https:// prefix. E.g.
-h http://127.0.0.1,
--host https://node.com:8443/luceo/api
--debug - Print additional debug information to
The output format is intentionally undocumented and unstable
--output-format <format> - Format of output data. Possible values:
yaml, default
yaml. Any other value is treated as a custom format using values from output data structure.
The syntax is Go text template.
Fetching node statistics
$ jcli rest v0 node stats get <options>
The options are
-h <node_addr> - see conventions
--debug - see conventions
--output-format <format> - see conventions
YAML printed on success
blockRecvCnt: 7 # Blocks received by node
txRecvCnt: 90 # Transactions received by node
uptime: 2101 # Node uptitme in seconds
Fetches whole UTXO
$ jcli rest v0 utxo get <options>
The options are
-h <node_addr> - see conventions
--debug - see conventions
--output-format <format> - see conventions
YAML printed on success
- in_idx: 0 # input index
in_txid: 50f21ac6bd3f57f231c4bf9c5fff7c45e2529c4dffed68f92410dbf7647541f1 # input transaction hash in hex
out_addr: ca1qvqsyqcyq5rqwzqfpg9scrgwpugpzysnzs23v9ccrydpk8qarc0jqxuzx4s # output address in bech32
out_value: 999999999 # output value
Posts a signed, hex-encoded transaction
$ jcli rest v0 message post <options>
The options are
-h <node_addr> - see conventions
--debug - see conventions
-f <file_path> or
--file <file_path> - File containing hex-encoded transaction.
If not provided, transaction will be read from stdin.
Get the node's logs on the message pool. This will provide information on pending, rejected and/or transactions added to a block.
$ jcli rest v0 message logs <options>
The options are
-h <node_addr> - see conventions
--debug - see conventions
--output-format <format> - see conventions
YAML printed on success
- fragment_id: 7db6f91f3c92c0aef7b3dd497e9ea275229d2ab4dba6a1b30ce6b32db9c9c3b2 # hex-encoded fragment ID
last_updated_at: 2019-06-02T16:20:26.201000000Z # RFC3339 timestamp of last fragment status change
received_at: 2019-06-02T16:20:26.201000000Z # RFC3339 timestamp of fragment receivement
received_from: Network, # how fragment was received
status: Pending, # fragment status
received_from can be one of:
received_from: Rest # fragment was received from node's REST API
received_from: Network # fragment was received from the network
status can be one of:
status: Pending # fragment is pending
Rejected: # fragment was rejected
reason: reason of rejection # cause
status: # fragment was included in a block
InABlock: "6637.3" # block epoch and slot ID formed as <epoch>.<slot_id>
Retrieves a hex-encoded ID of the blockchain tip
$ jcli rest v0 tip get <options>
The options are
-h <node_addr> - see conventions
--debug - see conventions
Retrieves a hex-encoded block with given ID
$ jcli rest v0 block `<block_id>` get `<options>`
<block_id> - hex-encoded block ID
The options are
-h <node_addr> - see conventions
--debug - see conventions
Retrieves a list of hex-encoded IDs of descendants of block with given ID. Every list element is in separate line. The IDs are sorted from closest to farthest.
$ jcli rest v0 block `<block_id>` next-id get `<options>`
<block_id> - hex-encoded block ID
The options are
-h <node_addr> - see conventions
--debug - see conventions
-c <count> or
--count <count> - Maximum number of IDs, must be between 1 and 100, default 1
Get an account's state
$ jcli rest v0 account get <account-id> <options>
<account-id> - ID of an account, bech32-encoded
The options are
-h <node_addr> - see conventions
--debug - see conventions
--output-format <format> - see conventions
YAML printed on success
value: 257357, # current balance of account in lovelace
counter: 4, # number of transactions performed using this account
This section is meant for advanced users and developers of the rust node. It explains how to start a new blockchain with limit settings, making it easier to start integration with wallets or exchanges and experimenting or testing new features.
The genesis file is the file that allows you to create a new blockchain from block 0. It lays out the different parameter of your blockchain: the initial utxo, the start time, the slot duration time, etc…
Example of a BFT genesis file with an initial address UTxO and an account UTxO. More info regarding starting a BFT blockchain here and regarding addresses there. You could also find information regarding the jcli genesis tooling.
You can generate a documented pre-generated genesis file:
jcli genesis init
There are multiple parts to a genesis file:
blockchain_configuration: this is a list of configuration
parameters of the blockchain, some of which can be changed later
via the update protocol;
initial:funds: the list of initial utxos (addresses and credited value);
the official start time of the blockchain, in seconds since UNIX EPOCH
the number of seconds between the creation of 2 blocks
allowed size of a fork (in number of block)
the list of the BFT leader at the beginning of the blockchain
the maximum number of transactions allowed in a block
placeholder, do not use
allow creating accounts without publishing certificate
linear fee settings, set the fee for transaction and certificate publishing
For more information about the BFT leaders in the genesis file, see Starting a BFT Blockchain
Each entry can be one of 2 variants:
initial deposits present in the blockchain
initial stakepool certificate
- fund:
address: <address>
value: 10000
- cert: <certificate>
- fund:
address: <another address>
value: 1001
fund format:
can be a single address or an account address (if
assigned value
BFT is an acronym for Byzantine Fault Tolerant (Ouroboros-BFT:A Simple Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus Protocol).
Jormungandr allows you to start a BFT blockchain fairly easily. This is designed for scenarios whereby expensive decentralised consensus isn't needed, such as within a company or other types of centrally controlled environments. In BFT mode only a few blessed nodes have the ability to create blocks.
A given number of
nodes (
N) will each generate a key pair of type
Ed25519 (see
JCLI's Keys).
Each node's public key is added to the
genesis.yaml file, thus every BFT node is aware of every other node.
The genesis file is the single source of truth and will be used to generate the first block of the blockchain, that being; Block-0.
After the commencing of the blockchain, each BFT node takes turns, round robin fashion, creating blocks as ordered in the
genesis.yaml file.
block0_date: 1550822014
discrimination: test
block0_consensus: bft
slots_per_epoch: 5
slot_duration: 15
epoch_stability_depth: 10
consensus_genesis_praos_active_slot_coeff: 0.22
- ed25519e_pk1k3wjgdcdcn23k6dwr0cyh88ad7a4ayenyxaherfazwy363pyy8wqppn7j3
- ed25519e_pk13talprd9grgaqzs42mkm0x2xek5wf9mdf0eefdy8a6dk5grka2gstrp3en
allow_account_creation: true
constant: 0
coefficient: 0
certificate: 0
- address: ta1svy0mwwm7mdwcuj308aapjw6ra4c3e6cygd0f333nvtjzxg8ahdvxlswdf0
value: 10000
In order to start your blockchain in BFT mode you need to be sure that:
consensus_leader_ids is non empty;
more information regarding the genesis file here.
jcli genesis encode --input genesis.yaml --output block-0.bin
This command will create (or replace) the Block 0 of the blockchain
from the given genesis configuration file (
Now that the blockchain is initialized, you need to start your node.
Write you private key in a file on your HD:
$ cat node_secret.yaml
signing_key: ed25519_sk1hpvne...
Configure your Node (config.yml) and run the following command:
$ jormungandr --genesis-block block-0.bin \
--config example.config \
--secret node_secret.yaml
It's possible to use the flag
--secret multiple times to run a node
with multiple leaders.
Generate initial config
$ jcli genesis init > genesis.yaml`
Generate secret key, e.g.
$ jcli key generate --type=Ed25519 > key.prv
Put secret key in a file, e.g.
node_secret.yaml as follows:
bft: signing_key: ed25519_sk1kppercsk06k03yk4qgea....
Generate public key out of previously generated key
$ cat key.prv | jcli key to-public
Put generated public key in
genesis.yaml under
Generate block =
$ jcli genesis encode --input genesis.yaml --output block-0.bin
Create config file and store it on your HD as
node.config e.g. →
verbosity: 4
format: json
listen: "127.0.0.1:8607"
prefix: api
public_address: /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/8606
messages: low
blocks: normal
Start Jörmungandr node :
$ jormungandr --genesis-block block-0.bin --config node.config --secret node_secret.yaml
When creating a genesis praos blockchain one must take into consideration the the stake distribution of
In the context of Genesis/Praos the network is fully decentralized and it's necessary to think ahead about initial stake pools and to make sure there is stake delegated to these stake pools.
In your genesis yaml file, make sure to set the following values to the appropriate values/desired values:
# The Blockchain Configuration defines the settings of the blockchain.
block0_consensus: genesis
bft_slots_ratio: 0
consensus_genesis_praos_active_slot_coeff: 0.1
kes_update_speed: 43200 # 12hours
block0_consensus set to
genesis means you want to start a blockchain with genesis praos as the consensus layer.
bft_slots_ratio needs to be set to
0 (we don't support composite modes between BFT mode and Genesis mode — yet).
consensus_genesis_praos_active_slot_coeff determines minimum stake required to try becoming slot leader, must be in range 0 exclusive and 1 inclusive.
In the
initial:certs field you will set an initial certificate. This is important to declare the stake pool and delegate stake to them. Otherwise no block will be ever created.
Remember that in this array order matters:
Now that you have a stake owner declared in the
block-0 you can register a stake pool. Follow the instruction in registering a stake pool guide.
The owner key (the key you sign the stake pool registration certificate) is the secret key associated to a previously registered stake key.
Now that there is both your stake key registered and there are stake pools available in the
block0 you need to delegate to one of the stake pool. Follow the instruction in delegating stake.
And in the initial funds start adding the addresses. To create an address with delegation follow the instruction in JCLI's address guide. Utilise the stake key registered previously as group address:
$ jcli address single $(cat wallet_key.pub) $(cat stake_key.pub)
You will notice that addresses with delegation are longer (about twice longer) than address without delegation.
For example, the most minimal setting you may have is:
# register a stake key (K)
- cert1q8rv4ccl54k99rtnm39xvhwvqcwjcm385n2dwvamahpu5tmdz3pl2qgqgp6lh9x0mngzy5krzw6fgkhkcvkjj3e64qveny82fgzlyfqf62hsfdup8us3h4rayn66wlt97u6e4syu07grm9sghxy3zdjm0quu8eqrdfpysq
# register a stake pool (P), owner of the stake pool is the stake key (K)
- cert1qsqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq0p5avfqp9tzusr26chayeddkkmdlap6tl23ceca8unsghc22tap8clhrzslkehdycufa4ywvqvs4u36zctw4ydtg7xagprfgz0vuujh3lgtxgfszqzqj4xk4sxxyg392p5nqz8s7ev5wna7eqz7ycsuas05mrupmdsfk0fqqudanew6c0nckf5tsp0lgnk8e8j0dpnxvjk2usn52vs8umr3qrccegxaz
# delegate stake associated to stake key (K) to stake pool (P)
- cert1q0rv4ccl54k99rtnm39xvhwvqcwjcm385n2dwvamahpu5tmdz3plt65rpewev3a03xj7nfx5pz0xap2cjxjnxvt2ma9y9dalzder3xm5qyqyq0lx05ggrws0ghuffqrg7scqzdsd665v4m7087eam5zvw4f26v2tsea3ujrxly243sgqkn42uttk5juvq78ajvfx9ttcmj05lfuwtq9qhdxzr0
# address without delegation
- address: ta1swx4j3jwel94g0cgwzq9au7h6m8f5q3qnyh0gfnryl3xan6qnmjsczt057x
value: 10000
# address delegating to stake key (K)
- address: ta1sjx4j3jwel94g0cgwzq9au7h6m8f5q3qnyh0gfnryl3xan6qnmjse3k2uv062mzj34eacjnxthxqv8fvdcn6f4xhxwa7ms729ak3gsl4qrq2mm
value: 1000000
Now, for starting the node and be able to generate new blocks, you have to put your pool's private keys and id in a file and start the node with the
--secret filename parameter.
For example, if you follow the examples of the registering a stake pool guide.
You could create a file called
poolsecret.yaml with the following content.
sig_key: Content of stake_pool_kes.prv file
vrf_key: Content of stake_pool_vrf.prv file
node_id: Content of stake_pool.id file
And you could start the node with this command
$ jormungandr --genesis-block block-0.bin --config config.yaml --secret poolsecret.yaml


text:
Our team is seeking a Test Engineer to support our Joint C2 program initiatives. The Test Engineer will actively participate in on-site developmental testing through unit, development, functional, performance, systems of systems, and acceptance testing of software and hardware supporting our Joint C2 platform application baseline. This position requires daily interaction with program leaders, and development and engineering staff to ensure testing activities are executed, and communicated across the development and testing teams appropriately. Team Work - The Test Engineer will be part of a larger test team and be responsible for assisting in the full life-cycle of testing activities. Each test engineer must be capable of exercising any part of the system, and will need to stay current with continually evolving system capabilities. This requires continual interaction with development and testing team members. Problem Solving - The Test Engineer must be able to help discover, triage, and document technical issues as they arise, and help to devise methods and approaches intended to help exercise key system capabilities and proactively discover potential system problem areas. Issue Tracking - The Test Engineer must be able to systematically and thoroughly capture testing procedures following standard project tracking processes; help to enhance and improve procedures as needed, and to help to convey issues to developers for eventual resolution. Routine use of program issue tracking tools as part of the Atlassian product suite is a critical aspect of this position. Initiative and Enterprise - The Test Engineer will report to the project lead(s), but will also need to exhibit many self-directed specific tasks in order to meet testing objectives. A self-motivated individual is a must for this position.
● Active, daily participant for hands-on, manual test activities ● Developing automated front-end/UI and back-end tests ● Participate in periodic agile development coordination meetings, and helping to incorporate agile processes into test activities ● Test software in a cooperative group environment, using modern techniques and processes (e.g., version control, branching, merging, bug tracking, etc.) ● Perform frequent and reoccurring test activities
Required Skills and Experience
Desired Skills and Experience
● Knowledge of big data analytics frameworks and visual analytics ● Background testing Java or similar object-oriented programming languages ● Experience in automated testing approaches and technologies ● Understanding of development environments such as JAVA/Maven/Gradle/IDEA ● Experience working with Virtual Machines, such as VMWare ● Experience with the Atlassian suite of tool to include Jira, Confluence, Stash and version control systems such as Git ● Experience with test management software such as TestLink
Required Clearance
• This position requires ability to obtain a US security clearance. A current active clearance is not required.
Please Apply Online: https://jobs.lever.co/researchinnovations.com/eebcd7b3-fb46-449b-851b-47172fb080e9
EOE M/F/Disability/Vet