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Leading the Way on Jobs and Growth
Tabled in the House of Commons
by the Honourable James M. Flaherty, P.C., M.P.
Minister of Finance
March 4, 2010
©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (2010) All rights reserved
All requests for permission to reproduce this document or any part thereof shall be addressed to Public Works and Government Services Canada.
Available through your local bookseller or by mail from Publishing and Depository Services Public Works and Government Services Canada Ottawa, Ontario KIA OS5
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Cat. No.: F1-23/3-2010E ISBN: 978-0-660-19957-3
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Table of Contents
1 Budget 2010: Leading the Way on Jobs and Growth
2 Recent Economic Developments and Prospects
3 New Investments in Jobs and Economic Growth
3.1 Delivering Year 2 of Canada's Economic Action Plan
3.2 Sustaining Canada's Economic Advantage
3.3 Building on a Strong Economic Foundation
3.4 Supporting Families and Communities and Standing Up for Those Who Helped Build Canada
3.5 Honouring Canada's International Commitments
4 Plan to Return to Budget Balance and Fiscal Outlook
4.1 Plan to Return to Budget Balance
4.2 Fiscal Planning Framework
5 Canada's Economic Action Plan:
A Fifth Report to Canadians
1 Job Impact of the Economic Action Plan to Date
2 Responsible Spending
3 Debt Management Strategy 2010–2011
4 Promoting Strong, Sustained and Balanced Growth Through G20 Cooperation
5 Tax Measures: Supplementary Information and Notices of Ways and Means Motions
Budget 2010
Canada has returned to economic growth following the deepest global economic recession since the 1930s. The global recovery, however, remains fragile.
Budget 2010 aims to contribute to this recovery and sustain Canada's economic advantage now and for the future. The budget plan has three broad aims.
First, it con rms $19 billion in new federal stimulus under Year 2 of Canada's Economic Action Plan, to create and maintain jobs complemented by $6 billion from provinces, territories, municipalities and other partners.
Second, it invests in a limited number of new, targeted initiatives to build jobs and growth for the economy of tomorrow, strengthen Canadian innovation, and make Canada a destination of choice for new business investment.
Third, Budget 2010 charts a course to bring Canada's nances back to balance over the medium term and well before any other Group of Seven (G7) country.
By making timely investments that t rmly within the Government's long- term economic vision for Canada, and thanks to the resilience and ingenuity of Canadians, our country will emerge from the recession with a stronger economic advantage than before.
The Canadian brand will be based on competitive taxes, renewed infrastructure and skills, a strong head start in clean energy, a tariff advantage, less red tape, and a more prominent voice as a global nancial sector leader.
Together, we will create a stronger Canada and a stronger economy, now and for the future.
Chapter 1
Delivering Year 2 of Canada's Economic Action Plan
Actions taken under Canada's Economic Action Plan have helped ensure the worst of the global recession lies behind us.
However, while a recovery has begun, it remains fragile and too many Canadians remain out of work. This is why the Government will follow through on its commitment to Canadians and its G7 and G20 partners to deliver Year 2 of the stimulus plan.
Over the next scal year, Year 2 of the Economic Action Plan will continue to maintain and create jobs, and help Canadian workers and families manage through still dif cult economic conditions, including:
$3.2 billion in personal income tax relief. This includes allowing Canadians to earn more income before paying federal income tax and before being subject to higher tax rates. It includes the enhanced Working Income Tax Bene t to strengthen work incentives for low-income Canadians. Tax measures for 2010–11 also include higher child bene ts for parents and lower taxes for low and middle-income seniors.
Over $4 billion in actions to create and protect jobs. This includes additional Employment Insurance (EI) bene ts and more training opportunities to help unemployed Canadians through this dif cult period, and help ensure they are equipped to re-enter the workforce and prosper in the future.
$7.7 billion in infrastructure stimulus to create jobs. This will modernize infrastructure and support home ownership and improve social housing across Canada. This builds on the $8.3 billion investment in infrastructure and housing delivered in 2009–10.
$1.9 billion to create the economy of tomorrow. This investment will help develop and attract talented people, strengthen our capacity for world-leading research, improve commercialization, accelerate private sector investment, enhance the ability of Canadian rms to participate in global markets, and create a more competitive business environment.
$2.2 billion to support industries and communities. This will support adjustment and provide job opportunities in all parts of Canada that have been hit hard by the economic downturn. It provides support for affected sectors, including forestry, agriculture, small business, tourism, shipbuilding and culture. In addition, the proposed elimination of tariffs on manufacturing inputs and machinery and equipment will encourage investment in the manufacturing sector.
Canadians in all regions have already bene ted from the implementation of Canada's Economic Action Plan in year 1:
Over 12,000 of these projects have begun or have been completed.
220,000 jobs. The Action Plan is on track. It has contributed to the creation of over 135,000 jobs recorded in Canada since July 2009.
At the same time, the Action Plan will advance the objectives set out in our long-term economic plan, Advantage Canada.
New Investments in Jobs and Economic Growth
In addition to delivering Year 2 of Canada's Economic Action Plan, Budget 2010 introduces a limited number of new and targeted actions to protect Canadians from the global recession and create the jobs and economy of tomorrow.
Jobs Protection and Youth Employment Measures
Budget 2010 invests in measures that will directly protect jobs. This includes extensions to work-sharing and investments in training and skills development for youth.
Creating Economic Growth and Jobs Through Innovation
Budget 2010 builds on earlier investments with over $600 million over three years to help develop and attract talented people, to strengthen our capacity for world-leading research and development, and to improve the commercialization of research.
Encouraging Investment and Trade to Create Jobs and Growth
Budget 2010 takes action to improve the environment for investment, enhance competition and reduce barriers for businesses. This includes making Canada a tariff-free zone for manufacturers, by eliminating all remaining tariffs on productivity-improving machinery and equipment and goods imported for further manufacturing in Canada. This initiative, when fully implemented, will provide $300 million in annual duty savings to Canadian business.
Proposed improvements to the international tax system to attract new investment, cuts to red tape for businesses and increased competition for telecommunications will also foster investment and create jobs for Canadians.
Canada will emerge from the recession with a highly competitive tax system
Green Jobs and Growth
Budget 2010 builds on Canada's position as an energy superpower with measures to encourage investments in energy projects and clean energy generation. The budget also includes measures to preserve Canada's natural heritage through environmental protection in the North and further protection of the Great Lakes.
Modernizing Canada's Infrastructure
Budget 2010 strengthens the Government's commitment to rebuild Canada's aging infrastructure by making priority investments in projects designed to ensure that Canadians have access to safe and effective transportation. This includes support for the operations of Atlantic ferry services, investments in federal bridges and new funding for aviation security.
Strengthening the Financial Sector
Canada's nancial sector has been widely acknowledged as being one of the strongest in the world. Budget 2010 will further strengthen the sector by moving forward with the majority of provinces and territories toward a Canadian securities regulator, extending access to nancing for Canadian businesses, and enhancing disclosure and nancial institutions' business practices to better protect consumers.
Supporting Families and Communities and Standing Up for Those Who Helped Build Canada
Budget 2010 also introduces measures to support single parents and persons with disabilities, makes investments to assist Aboriginal Canadians and their communities, and provides support for participation in sport. Budget 2010 also recognizes those who helped build our country, with measures for military families, investments to recognize the efforts of veterans, and additional support for seniors.
Honouring Canada's International Commitments
Canada is a global leader and continuously demonstrates this by honouring its international commitments. The importance of accountability for promises will be a de ning feature of Canada's G8 and G20 Summit year. Budget 2010 ful lls Canada's commitment to double international assistance by increasing the International Assistance Envelope by $364 million, bringing it to $5 billion in ongoing annual support.
The Three-Point Plan to Return to Budget Balance
The actions taken by the Government over the last two years are working. Stimulus measures are maintaining and creating jobs and securing the economic recovery. As the economy improves, the Government will refocus its attention on its long-term economic plan. The cornerstone of this plan is a return to balanced budgets.
Budget 2010 outlines a three-point plan for returning to budget balance once the economy has recovered.
the Economic Action Plan. Temporary measures in the Action Plan will be wound down as planned.
measures. Towards achieving this objective, Budget 2010 proposes $17.6 billion in savings over ve years.
of government administrative functions and overhead costs in order to identify opportunities for additional savings and improve service delivery.
The Government will not raise taxes and will not cut major transfers to persons and other levels of government.
As a result of the expiration of the Economic Action Plan and the measures in this budget, the de cit is projected to decline by almost half over the next two years to $27.6 billion in 2011–12, and by two-thirds to $17.5 billion in 2012–13. In 2014–15, the de cit is projected to be $1.8 billion.
Canada's scal health is the envy of the world. The Government is fully committed to sustaining our scal advantage.
Rapid decline in de cits
Chart 1.1
Federal Budgetary De cit
billions of dollars
Source: Department of Finance.
Recent Economic Developments and Prospects
The global economy has begun to stabilize after undergoing a
deep and synchronized recession, which stemmed from the worst global nancial crisis since the 1930s. With support from the extraordinary measures in Canada's
Economic Action Plan, the Canadian economy has started to recover. Canada has weathered the global recession better than all other
major industrialized countries, re ecting several important nancial, economic and scal strengths. Canadian labour markets have fared much better than in the U.S.,
where job losses to date have been proportionately more than three times as large as in Canada. Domestic demand in Canada has also rebounded more strongly
than in all other Group of Seven (G7) countries since the beginning of 2009. While unemployment remains a concern, the rise in the
unemployment rate has been smaller than was initially forecast by private sector forecasters. The Department of Finance conducted a survey of private sector
forecasters in December 2009. In early February, private sector forecasters met with the Minister of Finance to discuss the economic forecast from the survey as well as the risks associated with that forecast. The average private sector economic forecast from the
December 2009 survey forms the basis of the Government's scal planning. The use of private sector forecasts introduces an element of independence into the Government's economic and scal forecast.
This chapter incorporates data available up to and including March 1, 2010, unless otherwise indicated. All rates are reported at annual rates unless otherwise noted.
Chapter 2
Over the short term, the average private sector economic
forecast has improved somewhat since the September 2009 Update of Economic and Fiscal Projections. Private sector forecasters expect the Canadian economic recovery to build momentum through 2010. Private sector forecasters have not materially changed their
medium-term outlook since the September Update. Over the medium term, the level of uncertainty surrounding the outlook has declined since the Update but remains high. The average private sector forecast from the December survey provides a prudent basis for scal planning.
The global economy has begun to stabilize after undergoing a deep and synchronized recession, which stemmed from the worst global nancial crisis since the 1930s. Since then, global nancial markets have improved and con dence is returning, leading to a tentative resumption of global economic growth.
Re ecting these positive developments, together with the impact of Canada's Economic Action Plan and signi cant monetary policy stimulus, economic activity in Canada has also strengthened. The near-term outlook has improved since the Government's September 2009 Update of Economic and Fiscal Projections. Both gross domestic product (GDP) and employment have increased, and private sector economists continue to believe that the recovery will gain momentum through 2010. However, the economic recovery is expected to be modest, and uncertainty surrounding the economic outlook remains elevated.
This chapter reviews the major global and Canadian economic developments since the September 2009 Update, describes the private sector economic forecast that forms the basis for the scal projections, and discusses the risks and uncertainties surrounding this economic outlook.
Financial Market Developments
The global nancial crisis of late 2008 and early 2009 resulted in a pronounced tightening in credit conditions worldwide, which had signi cant impacts on global economic activity. Global nancial conditions have improved considerably since early 2009 due to the extraordinary policy measures introduced by governments and central banks to support the nancial system worldwide. Wholesale borrowing costs of banks have declined, and spreads between corporate and government bond rates have narrowed considerably (Chart 2.1). World equity markets have also rebounded strongly over the past year, with most major benchmark indices rising between 50 per cent and 65 per cent since March 2009.
While global nancial conditions have improved markedly over the past year, they have yet to fully normalize. In some markets, credit conditions remain relatively tight in terms of both the availability and price of credit, particularly at longer maturities.
In Canada, nancial conditions were less affected by the global nancial crisis than in most other countries. Wholesale bank borrowing costs rose much less in Canada and improved faster than in other countries, while corporate bond rate spreads remain below those of the U.S. and Europe. As a result, credit growth in Canada has remained solid, mainly due to continued strong household credit growth. Business credit growth is showing some signs of stabilization after decelerating in late 2008 and most of 2009 due to the impact of the recession on both the demand for and supply of credit. A continued recovery in bond and equity market nancing shows that businesses have greater access to capital.
Financial market conditions have improved signi cantly since early 2009
Chart 2.1
Short-Term Financing Spreads
basis points
Canada (CDOR-OIS)
Euro area (LIBOR-OIS)
Notes: These spreads are a measure of banks' funding costs relative to a risk-free rate and are a gauge of nancial market stress and banks' nancing pressures. The rate on the overnight-indexed swap (OIS) is used as a proxy for expected overnight rates. LIBOR is the London Interbank Offered Rate. CDOR is the Canadian Dealer Offered Rate. Daily data up to and including February 19, 2010. Source: Bloomberg.
Long-Term Corporate Spreads
Notes: The spreads are the difference between corporate and government bond yields with a maturity between 7 and 10 years. Weekly data up to and including February 19, 2010. Source: Merrill Lynch.
The U.S. dollar has depreciated by about 10 per cent on a trade-weighted basis since March 2009 against a broad group of currencies. This, together with higher commodity prices, has contributed to an appreciation of about 20 cents in the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar since the beginning of March 2009, peaking at US97.5 cents on January 14, 2010 (Chart 2.2). The Canadian dollar has accounted for a large share of the broad depreciation of the U.S. dollar.
Global Economic Developments and Outlook
The global economy began to expand in the second half of 2009, supported by extraordinary policy stimulus. The policy-induced recovery, in turn, has led to a recovery in global trade and an end to the inventory liquidation cycle. Nonetheless, the recovery in most advanced economies is expected to be weak by historical standards.
The recovery remains fragile in advanced economies. Most of the advanced economies emerged from recession in the third quarter of 2009, although the recovery in some countries appears to have stalled in the fourth quarter, primarily within the euro area. Most major industrialized economies are experiencing weaker domestic demand growth than overall GDP growth. In these countries, the economic recovery is led by export growth and an end to the cycle of inventory liquidation. Canada is unique in that the economic recovery is being led by strong domestic demand growth.
After having previously contracted for ve consecutive quarters, real GDP in the euro area recorded a second consecutive modest increase in the fourth quarter of 2009 (0.4 per cent). However, growth in a number of member countries, including Germany and Italy, was at or negative in the fourth quarter. Real GDP grew 1.1 per cent in the United Kingdom in the fourth quarter of 2009 after having contracted for six quarters. After a year-long recession, real GDP in Japan has expanded in two of the last three quarters, including a 4.6-per-cent increase in the fourth quarter.
The economic recovery is strongest in emerging and developing countries, led by Asian economies, particularly China, where massive scal stimulus has buoyed domestic demand. This in turn has supported a recovery in global trade. Despite the severe global downturn and the disruption of trade, the Chinese economy grew 8.7 per cent in 2009, including a 10.7-per-cent year-over-year increase in the fourth quarter of 2009, the fastest pace in two years.
Looking forward, the forces currently driving the recovery in advanced economies are expected to gradually weaken, as positive contributions to growth from inventories diminish and as the impact of scal stimulus fades toward the end of 2010 and early 2011. A sustained recovery will require increased support from private sector spending. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) expects global economic activity to grow by 3.9 per cent in 2010 and 4.3 per cent in 2011, led by developing Asian countries and China (Chart 2.3).
The expected rebound is relatively modest compared to previous recoveries, especially given the sharp drop in output last year. Based on the IMF outlook, the output lost during the recession is not expected to be recouped over the medium term. The IMF outlook suggests that the level of global GDP will be about 7.5 per cent lower in 2014 than it would have been if pre-recession trends had continued. This loss re ects the view that the level of activity prior to the crisis was unsustainably high, as it was based on excessive risk taking, an unsustainably low cost of nancing, and rising leverage.
Modest global recovery led by Asia, but output loss not expected to be recouped
United States
Economic growth in the United States has resumed. This follows a peak- to-trough decline in real GDP of 3.8 per cent, which has resulted in a record loss of 8.4 million jobs (or 6.1 per cent of U.S. jobs) and left the unemployment rate at 9.7 per cent, near a 26-year high (Chart 2.4). Real GDP rose 2.2 per cent in the third quarter of 2009 and accelerated to a six-year high of 5.9 per cent in the fourth quarter. Final domestic demand in the U.S. remains weak, growing by only 1.6 per cent in the fourth quarter and accounting for less than a third of overall growth in the quarter.
The depreciation of the U.S. dollar since March 2009 and the continued improvement in global growth have supported the U.S. trade sector. In the fourth quarter of 2009, these developments were accompanied by a substantial rebound in inventory investment from very low levels, resulting in signi cantly stronger U.S. growth than was anticipated by private sector forecasters in the Department of Finance December 2009 survey.
U.S. recession has led to record employment losses
Chart 2.4
U.S. Payroll Employment
millions, cumulative change
Contribution of Final Domestic Demand to U.S. Real GDP Growth
period to period at annual rates
Contribution from nal domestic demand
(percentage points)
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.
However, the unexpectedly strong growth in the fourth quarter has not signi cantly altered the quarterly private sector outlook for 2010, since fourth-quarter growth mainly re ected a large temporary contribution from inventories. In December, private sector forecasters expected real GDP growth to average about 3 per cent through 2010, re ecting still-modest private domestic demand growth, the gradual withdrawal of scal stimulus toward the end of the year, and the winding down of the temporary boost provided by the end of the inventory liquidation cycle (Chart 2.5).
There remains considerable uncertainty surrounding the U.S. outlook due to high U.S. unemployment and ongoing deleveraging, as well as large U.S. de cits and rising public debt.
Canadian Recent Economic Developments
The global recession did not start within Canadian borders. Nevertheless, the Canadian economy has been signi cantly affected by the global economic recession. However, re ecting several important nancial, economic and scal strengths, Canada has been able to weather the crisis better than all other major industrialized countries. Indeed, Canada was the last G7 country to enter recession. These strengths, together with the extraordinary measures provided by Canada's Economic Action Plan, helped Canada emerge from recession in mid-2009.
The economic recovery in Canada strengthened over the second half of 2009, with real GDP increasing 0.9 per cent in the third quarter and 5.0 per cent in the fourth quarter. The resumption of positive economic growth followed three quarters of negative growth in Canada, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2008. Over the course of the recession, the level of real GDP declined by 3.6 per cent—similar to the decline in output that occurred during the recession of the early 1990s. However, the decline in Canadian real GDP was virtually the smallest of all G7 countries (Chart 2.6).
Canada has fared better than virtually all other G7 countries during the global recession
Chart 2.6
Overall Contraction in Real GDP During the Recession
per cent
Note: The overall contraction in GDP is measured by the peak-to-trough decline in real GDP in each country:
2008Q2-2009Q3 for United Kingdom; 2008Q2-2009Q2 for Italy; 2008Q2-2009Q1 for France, Germany and Japan; 2008Q3-2009Q2 for United States; 2008Q4-2009Q2 for Canada. Sources: Statistics Canada; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; Japan Cabinet Of ce; U.K. Of ce for National Statistics; Deutsche Bundesbank; Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques; Istituto nazionale di statistica.
Several factors account for Canada's ability to weather the global recession better than most other industrialized countries. First, Canada's banks and other nancial institutions were better capitalized and less leveraged than their international peers. In the corporate sector, debt-to-equity ratios were very low going into the recession and have increased far less than in other countries since the start of the nancial crisis.
In the household sector, net worth relative to personal disposable income declined signi cantly less than in many other countries. This re ects the fact that Canada entered the global recession without the type of major housing market imbalances that were present in many other advanced economies at the time, and as a result, Canadian house prices declined far less than elsewhere.
More recently, there are broad signs of recovery in the Canadian housing market, with resale housing activity and prices returning back to pre-recession levels. Canada's housing market remains healthy and stable. As recently con rmed by the IMF, our housing market is supported by sound economic factors such as low interest rates, rising incomes and a growing population. Moreover, mortgage arrears—overdue mortgage payments— have remained low both during and after the recession. The Government has taken proactive steps to maintain the long-term stability of Canada's housing market. The rules for government-backed insured mortgages have been adjusted to help Canadians prepare for higher interest rates, to ensure home ownership is an effective way to save, and to limit speculation.
Canada's strong scal situation has been another key source of strength. With the lowest debt-to-GDP ratio in the G7, the Government has been able to undertake unprecedented actions to support the economy without jeopardizing Canada's long-term scal position and causing uncertainty about future tax increases (Chart 2.7). Unlike other jurisdictions which will be forced to consider tax increases, Canada will be able to keep taxes low and to continue with planned tax cuts.
Canada entered the recession with the strongest scal position in the G7
Chart 2.7
Total Government Net Debt in 2007
per cent of GDP
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook (October 2009).
These strengths, together with low interest rates and the substantial support provided by Canada's Economic Action Plan, have supported a recovery of domestic demand in Canada. Since the start of 2009, nal domestic demand in Canada has grown signi cantly faster than in any other G7 country (Chart 2.8). The higher level of domestic economic activity led the resumption of Canadian GDP growth in the second half of 2009. Strong domestic demand growth in Canada was partly offset by a weak export performance over much of 2009, re ecting weak demand from our major trading partners, particularly the United States, and the impact of the appreciation of the Canadian dollar.
Final domestic demand in Canada grew signi cantly faster than in any other G7 country over 2009
Chart 2.8
Real Final Domestic Demand Growth from 2009Q1 to 2009Q4
Italy 1
1 Data for 2009Q4 for Italy is based on Moody's Economy.com Global Outlook published on February 23, 2010. Sources: Statistics Canada; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; Japan Cabinet Of ce; U.K. Of ce for National Statistics; Deutsche Bundesbank; Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques; Istituto nazionale di statistica; Department of Finance calculations.
The recovery of domestic demand in Canada has been broad-based and provides strong evidence that the Economic Action Plan is working. Growth in real consumer spending on goods and services averaged more than 3.5 per cent over the second half of 2009. Residential investment has also rebounded strongly, supported by the Home Renovation Tax Credit, increasing 9.5 per cent in the third quarter and 29.7 per cent in the fourth quarter, following double-digit declines at the onset of the recession. These developments have been accompanied by a swift recovery of consumer and business con dence to historical norms (Chart 2.9).
Consumer and business con dence have rebounded sharply over the past year
Chart 2.9
Consumer Con dence
index, 2002 = 100
Business Con dence
Source: The Conference Board of Canada.
The Economic Action Plan has also substantially increased funding for infrastructure. Government investment in infrastructure increased by 25.1 per cent in the third quarter—the largest increase in nearly a decade— and 16.3 per cent in the fourth quarter, contributing signi cantly to the broader recovery of domestic demand. A more detailed analysis of the impact of the Economic Action Plan on the Canadian economy is presented in Annex 1.
The price of Canadian-produced goods and services has also rebounded from the lows of early 2009, increasing by 3.4 per cent in the third quarter and 4.5 per cent in the fourth quarter. These increases have largely re ected a recovery of Canada's terms of trade, as world prices for Canadian commodities have rebounded after declining sharply during the global recession. These price gains, combined with an increase in the volume of output in the last two quarters, led to a rebound in nominal GDP growth. After three consecutive quarters of decline, nominal GDP increased by 4.3 per cent in the third quarter and 9.8 per cent in the fourth quarter.
Re ecting the improved economic performance of the Canadian economy over the second half of 2009, labour market conditions have improved markedly since early 2009. In particular, over 135,000 jobs have been created in Canada since July 2009. As a result, the unemployment rate has declined modestly from the peak of 8.7 per cent reached in mid-2009. However, at 8.3 per cent in January 2010, the unemployment rate remains of concern.
The Economic Action Plan is on track to meet its objective of maintaining or creating 220,000 jobs
One objective of the Economic Action Plan was to maintain or create 220,000 jobs by the end of 2010. The Action Plan is on track. In the rst year of implementation, an estimated 130,000 jobs have been created or maintained as a result of the Economic Action Plan. In addition, over 160,000 Canadians are bene ting from the work-sharing program (see Annex 1). Overall, this has contributed to the net creation of over 135,000 jobs recorded in Canada since July 2009.
Canada's labour market performance has been signi cantly stronger than in the United States (Chart 2.10). Since the start of the U.S. recession in January 2008, employment in the U.S. has declined by 8.4 million jobs, or 6.1 per cent. In contrast, since the start of the Canadian recession in October 2008, employment has declined by 1.6 per cent. This means that job losses in the U.S. have been proportionately more than three times as large as in Canada. The unemployment rate in the U.S. has exceeded that in Canada for almost one and a half years, and over the last ve months the difference has averaged 1.6 percentage points. The last time the Canada- U.S. unemployment rate gap was so large was in the mid-1970s. Canada's relatively better labour market performance compared to that of the U.S. re ects Canada's later entry into recession as well as the relatively early stabilization of Canadian domestic demand in 2009.
The Canadian labour market has been signi cantly stronger than in the U.S.
Chart 2.10
Unemployment Rate
Total Employment
index, January 2005 = 100
Sources: Statistics Canada; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Commodity Prices
Commodity prices have rebounded solidly from the sharp declines observed in late 2008 and early 2009. In particular, crude oil prices have nearly doubled since February 2009, while base metal prices are up over 70 per cent over the same period, re ecting the improvement in global economic and nancial conditions and the global outlook (Chart 2.11). Forestry prices have also increased since February 2009, in line with signs of stabilization in the U.S. housing market. Moderate gains were seen in natural gas prices over the period, despite a temporary decline in mid-2009 re ecting strong production and weak U.S. industrial demand.
As a result, prices for many commodities are now close to levels observed at the time of the October 2007 Economic Statement. Crude oil futures contracts suggest prices will continue to increase modestly in coming months, averaging US$81 per barrel in 2010, up from an average of US$62 per barrel in 2009. Futures contracts also suggest natural gas prices will average US$5.39 per MMBtu in 2010 compared to US$3.95 in 2009.
There remains considerable uncertainty surrounding the outlook for commodity prices over the near term, re ecting high inventory levels for most commodities and risks surrounding the pace and timing of the global economic recovery. However, most experts expect commodity prices to continue to increase as the global economic recovery continues to gain strength.
Prices for key Canadian commodities have rebounded since early 2009
Canadian Economic Outlook— Private Sector Forecasts
The Department of Finance regularly surveys private sector economic forecasters on their views on the outlook for the Canadian economy. The economic forecasts reported in this budget, and which form the basis of the Department's scal forecasts, are based on a survey that closed on December 18, 2009 and includes the views of 15 private sector economic forecasters.
The December 2009 survey of private sector forecasters included Bank of America Merrill Lynch, BMO Capital Markets, Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, CIBC World Markets, The Conference Board of Canada, Desjardins, Deutsche Bank of Canada, Laurentian Bank Securities, Global Insight, National Bank Financial, Royal Bank of Canada, Scotiabank, TD Bank Financial Group, UBS Warburg, and the University of Toronto (Policy and Economic Analysis Program).
The use of private sector forecasts introduces an element of independence into the Government's economic and scal forecast.
Private sector economists continue to believe that the recovery will gain momentum through 2010. The short-term private sector economic forecast is now stronger than at the time of the September 2009 Update of Economic and Fiscal Projections. Forecasts for both GDP and employment have been revised up.
Over the medium term, the December average private sector outlook calls for a moderate economic recovery and a gradual improvement in labour market conditions. This is expected to be accompanied by an increase in interest rates and a stabilization of consumer price in ation near the mid-point of the Bank of Canada's in ation target band (Table 2.1).
The private sector forecast for the unemployment rate in 2010 has been revised down again. In May 2009, private sector economists were forecasting an unemployment rate of 9.2 per cent for 2010. The forecast was revised down to 9.0 per cent in the September Update and then to 8.5 per cent in the December survey.
Table 2.1
Average Private Sector Forecast
(per cent, unless otherwise indicated)
Real GDP growth January 2009 private sector forecast
September 2009 Update
March 2010 budget
GDP in ation January 2009 private sector forecast
March 2010 budget Nominal GDP growth January 2009 private
sector forecast
Budget 2009 planning
Nominal GDP level (billions of dollars) January 2009 private sector forecast
March 2010 budget 3-month treasury bill rate January 2009 private
March 2010 budget 10-year government bond rate January 2009 private
Exchange rate (US cents/C$) January 2009 private sector forecast
Unemployment rate January 2009 private sector forecast
March 2010 budget Consumer Price Index in ation January 2009 private
March 2010 budget U.S. real GDP growth January 2009 private
Note: March 2010 budget gures for 2009 are from the December 2009 survey of private sector forecasters and have not been adjusted to include data released since December 18, 2009.
Sources: Budget 2009; September 2009 Update of Economic and Fiscal Projections; Department of Finance January 2009, August 2009 and December 2009 surveys of private sector forecasters.
As the global economy continues to stabilize following the deepest recession since the 1930s, the uncertainty surrounding the medium-term outlook has diminished signi cantly since the September Update. The difference between the average of the three highest and three lowest forecasts for the level of nominal GDP in 2013 is $54 billion, down from the record $98-billion difference at the time of the September Update. However, the gap still remains high by historical standards, re ecting the still-fragile global economic recovery and the inherent dif culty in providing a medium-term forecast (Chart 2.12).
The uncertainty surrounding the medium-term outlook has diminished but remains high
Risks to the Private Sector Forecast
On February 2, 2010, the Minister of Finance met with private sector economists to discuss the economic forecast from the December 2009 survey as well as the risks associated with those projections.
The forecasters were of the view that the short-term growth outlook was likely to be stronger than suggested by the December survey given a number of positive economic developments since the survey closed on December 18th. However, the private sector forecasters also expressed concerns about the risks to economic growth over the medium term. In particular, they noted that a sustained recovery in the global economy, particularly in the United States, and in nancial markets may take some more time to fully materialize. At the same time, many forecasters noted that medium-term risks to the outlook were to some extent incorporated in the average private sector forecast.
Since the meeting with the private sector forecasters, their views on upside risks to the short-term growth outlook have largely materialized. At the time of the December 2009 private sector survey, forecasters expected real GDP growth of 3.4 per cent and nominal GDP growth of 5.6 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2009 (Chart 2.13). Both real and nominal GDP growth in the fourth quarter, released by Statistics Canada on March 1, 2010, were stronger than expected. Private sector forecasters' expectations for real GDP growth were more than 1.5 percentage points lower than actual real GDP growth of 5.0 per cent, while expectations for nominal GDP growth were more than 4 percentage points lower than actual nominal GDP growth of 9.8 per cent, re ecting higher real GDP growth as well as signi cant increases in commodity prices. If sustained, this would represent a $14-billion increase in nominal income in each year of the forecast.
Real and nominal GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2009 were stronger than expected by private sector forecasters
Chart 2.13
GDP Growth in 2009Q4
per cent, period to period at annual rates
Real GDP
Nominal GDP
Sources: Statistics Canada; Department of Finance December 2009 survey of private sector forecasters.
Over the medium term, private sector forecasters, on average, expect the level of real GDP in Canada between 2009 and 2014 to be about $95 billion lower each year compared to what they were expecting at the time of the October 2007 Economic Statement, just before the beginning of the U.S. recession.
The medium-term average private sector forecast for GDP in ation is nearly identical to the forecast for Consumer Price Index (CPI) in ation. GDP in ation, which is the broadest measure of price changes for goods and services produced in Canada, tends to be broadly in line with CPI in ation when the terms of trade is stable. The terms of trade, which is the ratio of export prices to import prices, is in uenced by movements in the exchange rate and commodity prices. The close similarity of GDP and CPI in ation in the average private sector forecast is consistent with broadly unchanged terms of trade and commodity prices over the next ve years.
Fiscal Planning
The average private sector economic forecast from the December 2009 survey forms the basis of the Government's scal planning. The Department of Finance considers that this economic forecast is a prudent basis for scal planning. The scal outlook is presented in Chapter 4.
Budget 2010 takes actions in three broad areas, all of which contribute to the overarching objective of sustaining Canada's economic advantage.
First, the Government will follow through on its commitments to Canadians and its G7 and G20 partners to complete the implementation of Canada's Economic Action Plan. These investments will maintain and create jobs now.
Second, Budget 2010 invests in a limited number of targeted initiatives that build jobs and growth for the economy of tomorrow by improving skills, innovation, and our competitiveness.
Third, Budget 2010 charts a course to bring Canada's nances back to balance over the medium term and well before any other G7 country.
This chapter reviews the $19 billion in new federal stimulus measures that will take effect in 2010–11 under Canada's Economic Action Plan, as well as new actions Budget 2010 is proposing to build jobs and growth for the future. Chapter 4 reviews actions to reduce the de cit and return to balanced budgets. Chapter 5 provides a detailed report on the status of implementation of Canada's Economic Action Plan.
$19 Billion in New Stimulus in 2010–11
Budget 2010 will deliver Year 2 of Canada's Economic Action Plan, with $19 billion in new federal stimulus in 2010–11, by:
Providing $3.2 billion in personal income tax relief to support
growth and job creation. Delivering $1.6 billion to strengthen bene ts for the unemployed.
Providing $1 billion to enhance training opportunities for all
Canadian workers. Freezing the Employment Insurance premium rate at
$1.73 per $100 of insurable earnings to the end of 2010— the lowest rate since 1982—in order to leave more money in the hands of employers and employees. Providing $7.7 billion in new stimulus to modernize
infrastructure, support home ownership, and improve social housing across Canada. Investing almost $1.9 billion in post-secondary education
infrastructure, research, technology innovation and environmental protection. Providing $2.2 billion in stimulus spending to support adjustment
and secure job opportunities in regions, communities and industries that have been most affected by the economic downturn. Introducing new measures to strengthen Canada's nancial sector, allowing businesses to continue growing and creating jobs.
Chapter 3.1
C anada's Economic Action Plan is a two-year $62-billion plan to protect and create jobs in response to the deepest global recession since the Second World War. Chapter 5 describes the full Action Plan and
reports on the Government's progress in its implementation. This section brie y reviews the main elements of the Action Plan that will be in effect for 2010–11.
In the rst year of the Action Plan (2009–10), a signi cant amount of stimulus has been provided to support the economy and Canadians. The Government is ready to begin delivering Year 2 of the Economic Action Plan. The Action Plan will continue to maintain and create jobs, and help Canadian workers and families manage through still dif cult economic conditions. Year 2 delivers $19 billion in new federal stimulus spending, with an additional $6 billion in stimulus from provinces, territories, municipalities and other partners. Even before the start of the scal year, 92 per cent of Year 2 funding is committed and ready to be delivered. This includes:
the unemployed.
across Canada.
Actions under the Economic Action Plan that come into effect in 2010–11 are described below.
Reducing the Tax Burden for Canadians
Tax reductions in the Economic Action Plan are an essential part of the Government's effort to stimulate the economy and to create and maintain jobs. The Economic Action Plan will deliver $3.2 billion in personal income tax relief in 2010–11. This includes allowing Canadians to earn more income before paying federal income tax and before being subject to higher tax rates. It includes the enhanced Working Income Tax Bene t, which reduces the welfare wall by making work pay better for many low-income Canadians. Eligible bene ciaries will begin to receive enhanced bene ts upon ling their 2009 tax returns. Tax measures for 2010–11 also include higher child bene ts for parents and lower taxes for low- and middle-income seniors.
Tax measures in 2010–11 will continue to support the housing market. First-time home ownership is being encouraged through the First-Time Home Buyers' Tax Credit and additional access to Registered Retirement Savings Plan savings to purchase or build a home.
Credit before its expiry on January 31, 2010, and will be able to claim the credit when they le their 2009 income tax returns.
Tax relief will also continue to bene t Canadian businesses in the coming year. The measures included in Canada's Economic Action Plan, as well as actions taken by this Government since 2006, are positioning Canadian businesses to emerge stronger and better equipped to compete globally as the economy recovers.
The Government is lowering the federal general corporate income tax rate from 22.12 per cent (including the corporate surtax) in 2007 to 15 per cent in 2012. Canada's business tax advantage is being strengthened as the Government of Canada, provinces and territories progress toward the goal of a 25-per-cent combined federal-provincial corporate income tax rate. These broad-based corporate income tax reductions foster investment and help build a strong foundation for job creation and higher rates of productivity growth. As a result of these actions, Canada will have the lowest corporate income tax rate in the G7 in 2012.
Canada will have the lowest corporate income tax rate in the G7 in 2012
Chart 3.1.1
Corporate Income Tax Rates in 2012 1
Prior to
1 Includes national and sub-national corporate income tax rates. Sources: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; Department of Finance.
These lower tax rates help us and companies like us keep more capital at work and achieve our priority in reinvesting in the business for future growth in our company.
— Tim Hortons Chief Financial Of cer Cynthia Devine "Canada Regains Tims Bragging Rights," Edmonton Journal, September 23, 2009
Tax Achievements Since 2006
The Government has reduced taxes on individuals, families and businesses by an estimated $220 billion over 2008–09 and the following ve scal years. The Government's tax reduction efforts began in 2006—well before the introduction of Canada's Economic Action Plan.
Individuals and families at all income levels are bene ting from tax relief, with proportionately greater savings for those with lower incomes. For example:
income tax—are bene ting from the 2-percentage-point reduction in the Goods and Services Tax (GST) rate. Maintaining the GST credit level while reducing the GST rate by 2 percentage points translates into more than $1.1 billion in GST Credit bene ts annually for low- and modest-income Canadians.
includes reducing the lowest personal income tax rate to 15 per cent from 16 per cent and increasing the basic amount that Canadians can earn without paying federal income tax.
and enhanced in the Economic Action Plan will provide $1.1 billion combination with other tax relief introduced by this Government, has of many low-income Canadians.
through a exible, registered general-purpose account that allows Canadians to earn tax-free investment income while saving for their individual needs such as for a car, a home or retirement. The TFSA is the single most important personal savings vehicle since the introduction of the Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP).
The Government has also introduced measures targeted to help families, communities. Examples of such measures include:
raising children.
bursary and fellowship income in support of academic studies.
Income Credit and two $1,000 increases to the Age Credit amount, which provide substantial tax savings to seniors and pensioners.
expenditures such as home computers, uniforms and supplies.
Tax Achievements Since 2006 (cont'd)
nancial security and well-being of children with severe disabilities.
among children.
Canada's business tax system more competitive, which is essential to encouraging new investment, growth and job creation in Canada. Examples include:
general corporate income tax rate from 22.12 per cent (including the
reduced federal income tax rate to $500,000 effective January 2009, following an earlier increase to $400,000 from $300,000—as well as a reduction of the federal income tax rate applying to qualifying small business income to 11 per cent effective January 2008.
of assets, including non-residential buildings, computers, railway locomotives, carbon dioxide pipelines, natural gas distribution pipelines, and lique ed natural gas facilities, to better re ect their useful life—this both reduces the tax burden on investment and ensures neutral tax treatment of different capital assets, encouraging investment to ow to its most productive uses.
was introduced to encourage provinces to eliminate their general capital taxes and to eliminate or replace their capital taxes on nancial institutions with a minimum tax. All provincial general capital taxes will be eliminated by 2012.
research and development performers, which was announced in 2008. The expenditure limit for the enhanced refundable Scienti c Research and Experimental Development Investment Tax Credit was increased access to this bene t over increased taxable capital and income ranges.
Actions to Create and Protect Jobs and Help the Unemployed
While the unemployment rate has stabilized and there are signs that the economy is improving, too many Canadians are still unemployed. In 2010–11, Canada's Economic Action Plan will provide more than $4 billion in additional bene ts, training opportunities and Employment Insurance (EI) premium relief to help unemployed Canadians through this dif cult period, and help ensure that they are equipped to re-enter the workforce and prosper in the future.
The Government is providing $1.6 billion in 2010–11 to strengthen bene ts for the unemployed. This support includes providing up to an extra ve weeks of EI regular bene ts for all EI-eligible claimants, providing greater access to EI regular bene ts for long-tenured workers, and extending the duration and the scope of the work-sharing program.
The Government is providing almost $1.0 billion in 2010–11 to enhance training opportunities for all Canadian workers. This includes additional support to the provinces and territories to expand training and skills development. It also includes helping youth to gain work experience and necessary skills and offering more opportunities to Aboriginal Canadians.
The Government is maintaining the freeze of the EI premium rate at $1.73 per $100 of insurable earnings to the end of 2010—the lowest rate since 1982 (Chart 3.1.2). In Budget 2009, this action was estimated to leave more than $1.6 billion in the hands of employers and employees in
When the temporary freeze of EI premiums is lifted in 2011, premium rates will be set by an independent arms's length Crown corporation, the Canada Employment Insurance Financing Board (CEIFB). Under the EI nancing regime announced in Budget 2008, the CEIFB will set EI premium rates in order to balance the EI program over time, subject to a 15-cent limit on annual changes. Consistent with the Government's commitment in Budget 2009, the CEIFB will not be mandated to recover any EI de cits resulting from the bene t and training enhancements announced in Budget 2009.
Freeze in EI premium rate leaves money in the hands of employers and employees in 2010–11
Actions to Create and Protect Jobs
Canada's Economic Action Plan is a $62-billion stimulus plan aimed at creating to meet its objective, with 130,000 jobs created or maintained to date.
providing them with additional bene ts and expanded access to training
Strengthening Bene ts—$2.7 Billion
Enhancing Availability of Training—$1.9 Billion
Employment Insurance Premium Rates—$2.4 Billion of insurable earnings for 2010
Building Infrastructure to Create Jobs
During 2010–11, communities, businesses and individuals from across Canada will continue to see the bene ts of infrastructure investments under Canada's Economic Action Plan. The Action Plan will provide $7.7 billion in stimulus in 2010–11 to modernize infrastructure, support home ownership, stimulate the housing sector and improve social housing across Canada. This builds on the $8.3 billion in infrastructure and housing stimulus delivered in 2009–10.
In 2010–11, the Economic Action Plan will invest more than $4 billion in provincial, territorial and municipal infrastructure, $285 million in First Nations community infrastructure and $780 million in priority federal projects. These investments will create jobs and ensure that Canada emerges from the economic downturn with a more modern and greener infrastructure.
In addition, the Economic Action Plan will provide over $2 billion in 2010–11 to renew Canada's social housing stock. This funding provides signi cant support for provinces, territories and municipalities to renovate their social housing, including housing for low-income seniors and persons with disabilities. The Action Plan also invests in First Nations and northern housing.
Infrastructure investments will continue to create jobs over the coming year
In 2009–10 and 2010–11, the Government will deliver the following infrastructure programs as part of the Economic Action Plan:
Immediate Action to Build Infrastructure—$8.2 Billion
Initiative—$441 million
$500 million
Stimulating Housing Construction—$7.8 Billion
These Action Plan initiatives and their progress are described in Chapter 5.
Creating the Economy of Tomorrow
In designing Canada's Economic Action Plan, the Government incorporated measures to help create the economy of tomorrow. In 2010–11, the Action Plan will invest almost $1.9 billion in post-secondary education, infrastructure, research, technology innovation, and environmental protection. This builds on 2009–10 investments of over $2.1 billion to support these strategic investments.
In 2010–11, the Government will provide $1 billion to support deferred maintenance, repair and construction at Canada's colleges and universities. This investment will help keep Canadian research and educational facilities at the forefront of scienti c advancement and will help to ensure that high-paid jobs are maintained and created in Canada.
Funding to create the economy of tomorrow will also extend access to broadband Internet in remote communities, develop carbon capture and storage technology, and fund other strategic investments in science, technology and research.
Supporting Industries and Communities
Canada's Economic Action Plan is providing $2.2 billion in stimulus spending in 2010–11 to support adjustment and secure job opportunities in regions, communities and industries that have been hard hit by the economic downturn.
In 2010–11, the Government will provide $1.3 billion in support to affected sectors, including forestry, agriculture, small business, tourism, shipbuilding and culture. These investments will help to maintain and create jobs across the country.
Building on tariff measures implemented in the Economic Action Plan, in this budget the Government is eliminating all remaining tariffs on manufacturing inputs and machinery and equipment. This historic step will position Canada as the rst among its G20 partners to establish itself as a tariff-free zone for manufacturers. Full details regarding tariff reductions can be found in Chapter 3.3.
In addition, over $900 million will be invested in communities that have been particularly hard hit by the economic downturn. This includes $500 million through the Community Adjustment Fund, which is designed to help communities with fewer than 250,000 people deal with industrial restructuring by investing in new economic opportunities.
Strengthening Canada's Financial Sector
The Extraordinary Financing Framework (EFF) introduced as part of Canada's Economic Action Plan helped to ensure that credit continued to be available in Canada throughout the nancial crisis, allowing businesses to continue to grow and create jobs. Financing conditions in Canada have improved markedly since the EFF was introduced. Accordingly, certain Program and the Canadian Secured Credit Facility, will end as planned as of will remain in place to support the growth in business credit that will be needed during the economic recovery.
Budget 2010 builds on the strengths of Canada's nancial sector, further bolstering Canada's advantage in global capital markets. New measures will support Canada's strong and competitive nancial sector, help businesses access the nancing they need to support the recovery, and protect Canadian nancial consumers.
Table 3.1.1
Year 2 of Canada's Economic Action Plan—$19 Billion in New Stimulus in 2010–11
Year 1
Year 2
Action Plan
(millions of dollars—cash basis)
Personal income tax relief for all taxpayers
supplement and the Canada Child
Targeted relief for seniors
Total—Reducing the Tax Burden for Canadians
Enhancing the availability of training
Maintaining low EI premium rates
Total—Actions to Create and Protect Jobs and Help the Unemployed
Investments in provincial, territorial and municipal infrastructure
Investments in federal infrastructure projects
Support for home ownership and the housing sector
Investments in social housing for Canadians
Total—Building Infrastructure to Create Jobs
Action to invest in post-secondary education and research
Investing in science and technology
Total—Creating the Economy of Tomorrow
Support for industries
Support for communities
International partnerships to support the auto sector
Total—Supporting Industries and Communities
Economic Action Plan stimulus
Assumed provincial and territorial actions
Total Economic Action Plan stimulus (with leverage)
Sustaining Canada's Economic Advantage
T he measures in Canada's Economic Action Plan are designed to protect Canadians from the immediate challenges posed by the global recession. These actions will also improve Canada's long-term
economic growth and prosperity. By ensuring that Canada emerges from the recession with a more modern infrastructure, a more skilled and exible labour force, lower taxes and a more competitive economy, the measures in the Action Plan will also contribute to sustaining and building on Canada's economic advantages.
In 2006, the Government set out its long-term plan for the economy
in Advantage Canada. Advantage Canada is about building a strong
foundation for Canada's economic future by focusing on the main drivers
of productivity: human capital, physical capital, and sound regulatory,
tax and scal frameworks. To that end, the plan is centered on building ve key strategic advantages for Canada:
A Tax Advantage—reducing the tax burden on Canadians and
Canadian businesses.
A Knowledge Advantage—fostering skills, training and education.
An Infrastructure Advantage—building a modern, world-class infrastructure.
An Entrepreneurial Advantage—making product and nancial markets more ef cient.
A Fiscal Advantage—strengthening Canada's scal position for current
and future generations.
Since 2006, the Government has made signi cant progress in implementing all elements of Advantage Canada.
advantage: it has reduced taxes in every way that it collects revenues, and is ensuring that Canadian families, students, workers, seniors and businesses large and small continue to keep more of their hard-earned money.
Action Plan has introduced over $20 billion in new tax relief in 2008–09 and over the following ve scal years. This will bring total tax relief for individuals, families and businesses from measures introduced since 2006 to an estimated $220 billion over this period.
Chapter 3.2
Canada will emerge from the recession with one of the world's most competitive tax systems
workforce in the world, the Government has made signi cant new investments in education, training, a modernized Canada Student Loans Program, the new Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships, and innovation, science and technology. Canada's immigration system has also been streamlined to better respond to the needs of the labour market.
future by increasing productivity and competitiveness, cleaning up the environment and strengthening communities as vibrant centres of commerce, learning and recreation.
has signed bilateral free trade agreements, implemented unilateral tariff reductions and strengthened Canada's nancial system.
Canada entered the recession with a total government net debt-to-GDP ratio of 23.5 per cent. Looking ahead, Canada's net debt burden is 2014. This compares to an expected increase of between 24 and
Canada's Fiscal Position Will Remain the Strongest in the G7
The Government is committed to maintaining this strong Fiscal Advantage and returning to balanced budgets over the medium term. The Government's plan to return to balance is detailed in Chapter 4. Budget 2010 also introduces a number of targeted actions, at limited scal cost, that will provide additional support to the economy by protecting Advantage Canada, and addressing other priorities. These actions are outlined in the next section.
Building on a Strong Economic Foundation
Budget 2010 builds on the Economic Action Plan with targeted actions to protect Canadian workers from the effects of the global economic recession by:
Temporarily extending the maximum length of
work-sharing agreements to protect jobs. Supporting the next generation of business leaders with
$10 million in new funding for the Canadian Youth Business Foundation. Providing $60 million in 2010–11 to assist more young Canadians
while the labour market recovers. Investing $20 million in support of Pathways to Education
Canada's work to support disadvantaged youth. Committing $30 million to support better elementary and secondary education outcomes for First Nations students.
Budget 2010 makes targeted changes to improve Canada's productivity growth through innovation by:
Providing $45 million over ve years to establish a post-doctoral
fellowship program to help attract the research leaders of tomorrow to Canada. Delivering $222 million in funding over ve years to
strengthen the world-leading research taking place at TRIUMF, Canada's premier national laboratory for nuclear and particle physics research. Increasing the combined annual budgets of Canada's research
granting councils by an additional $32 million per year, plus an additional $8 million per year to the Indirect Costs of Research Program. Providing Genome Canada with an additional $75 million for
genomics research. Doubling the budget of the College and Community Innovation Program with an additional $15 million per year.
Chapter 3.3
Providing $135 million over two years to the National Research
Council Canada's regional innovation clusters program. Providing $48 million over two years for research, development
and application of medical isotopes. Providing a total of $497 million over ve years to develop the
RADARSAT Constellation Mission. Launching a new Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Innovation
Commercialization Program with $40 million over two years. Renewing and making ongoing $49 million in annual funding for the regional development agencies to support innovation across Canada.
Budget 2010 takes further action to improve conditions for investment, enhance competition, and reduce barriers for businesses by:
Making Canada a tariff-free zone for industrial manufacturers
by eliminating all remaining tariffs on machinery and equipment and goods imported for further manufacturing. When fully implemented, this will provide $300 million in annual duty savings for Canadian business to support investment and growth and create jobs. Improving Canada's system of international taxation to facilitate
investment, cut red tape, and streamline the compliance process associated with the taxation of cross-border activity. Establishing a new Red Tape Reduction Commission.
Providing $7.2 million over two years to improve canadian sh
and seafood industry access to the international marketplace. Delivering $75 million over three years to support investments by Canadian cattle processing plants to help improve their operations to ensure cattle producers have access to competitive cattle processing operations in Canada.
Budget 2010 includes measures to promote energy investments, help develop and deploy clean energy technologies, and protect and enrich Canada's unique environmental heritage by:
Establishing the Next Generation Renewable Power Initiative,
with $100 million over the next four years to support the development, commercialization and implementation of advanced clean energy technologies in the forestry sector. Modernizing the regulatory system for project reviews, and
supporting consultation with Aboriginal peoples on major resource projects. Expanding eligibility for accelerated capital cost allowance for investment in clean energy generation assets.
Budget 2010 strengthens the Government's already signi cant investments in Canada's infrastructure by:
Providing $175 million over two years to renew Marine Atlantic's
eet and shore facilities and improve its services. Providing $28 million to ensure Atlantic ferry services continue
to operate in a safe and reliable condition. Providing $51 million over two years to The Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Incorporated to maintain the safety of Montréal's bridges.
Budget 2010 introduces measures that will support Canada's strong and competitive nancial sector by:
Moving forward with the majority of provinces and territories
to establish a Canadian securities regulator within the next three years. Extending access to nancing through continuation of the
Business Credit Availability Program (BCAP) and the creation of the Vehicle and Equipment Financing Partnership under BCAP. Moving ahead with a Code of Conduct for the Credit and Debit
Card Industry in Canada and proposing legislation to provide the Minister of Finance with the authority to regulate the market conduct of the credit and debit card networks, if required. Introducing a legislative framework to enable credit unions
to incorporate and continue federally, which will promote the continued growth and competitiveness of the sector and enhance nancial stability. Enhancing the nancial consumer protection framework through new measures to improve the business practices and disclosure regime for federally regulated nancial institutions.
T he Government is taking targeted actions to create and maintain jobs
and encourage economic growth. Budget 2010 builds on Canada's
Economic Action Plan with initiatives to protect jobs, harness
innovation to further improve Canada's economic advantage, support increased business investment and access to the international marketplace, create a more sustainable environment, modernize transportation infrastructure, and strengthen the nancial system.
Canada's Economic Action Plan takes decisive action to support the economy and Canadians during the deepest global economic recession since the Second World War. In the rst year of the Plan (2009–10), signi cant stimulus has been provided to protect and create jobs. Year 2 of the Action Plan delivers $19 billion in new federal stimulus spending, including $4 billion to create and protect jobs through additional Employment Insurance (EI) bene ts by maintaining low EI premium rates and improving access to training and skills development. The Economic Action Plan has contributed to the stabilization of labour market conditions. Nevertheless, many Canadians are struggling to nd jobs. In recognition of this, Budget 2010 includes additional measures to support those workers.
Work-sharing avoids layoffs by offering Employment Insurance income bene ts to qualifying workers willing to work a reduced work week while their employer recovers. The Economic Action Plan extended work-sharing agreements by 14 weeks, to a maximum of 52 weeks, and increased access to work-sharing agreements by providing greater exibility in the qualifying criteria and streamlining processes for employers. More than 160,000 workers are currently participating in nearly 6,000 work-sharing agreements.
Budget 2010 extends this measure. Existing or recently terminated work-sharing agreements will be extended by an additional 26 weeks, to a maximum of 78 weeks. Greater exibility in the qualifying criteria for new work-sharing agreements will also continue to be provided. Both of these enhancements will be in place until March 31, 2011.
This measure, estimated to cost $106 million over two years, means even more workers will keep their jobs, while employers will also be able to retain skilled employees with years of experience. This extended enhancement to work-sharing will continue to reduce the nancial impact of the downturn on workers and their communities.
Building Skills for Youth
Young workers have been signi cantly affected by the recession. Budget 2010 invests $108 million over three years to assist young people looking to gain skills and experience. This includes additional support for the education of First Nations children and youth.
Youth Internships
Recent post-secondary graduates are facing an uncertain job market. The Youth Employment Strategy is the Government's key labour market program to help young people. To help more new graduates obtain valuable work experience in their eld, Budget 2010 provides a one-year $30-million increase in funding for the Career Focus component of the Youth Employment Strategy. This measure will provide additional support to Canadian employers and organizations willing to offer valuable career- related work experience to college and university graduates, including more internships in green sectors of the economy. This will allow more young Canadians to get that vital rst job in their eld of study.
Supporting Young Entrepreneurs
The Canadian Youth Business Foundation is a national organization that helps young Canadians become successful entrepreneurs by providing mentorship, learning resources and start-up nancing where commercial lending is unavailable. Through its presence in communities across Canada, the Foundation supports the next generation of business leaders in developing the skills and experience necessary to thrive in today's competitive economy. Budget 2010 provides $10 million in 2009–10 to the Canadian Youth Business Foundation to support its work with Canada's young entrepreneurs.
Youth at Risk
The Skills Link component of the Youth Employment Strategy was developed to assist youth in a range of circumstances, including persons with disabilities, single parents, Aboriginal Canadians, recent immigrants, those living in rural and remote areas, and those who have not completed high school. Skills Link provides funding to organizations to help these young Canadians develop the broad range of skills, knowledge and work experience they need to participate and succeed in the job market.
Budget 2010 provides a one-year $30-million increase in funding for Skills Link to assist more young Canadians while the labour market recovers. This initiative will provide more opportunities for young Canadians to successfully join the labour market.
Pathways to Education Canada
gap continues to exist between the post-secondary participation rates
youth from lower-income backgrounds and youth from higher-income
backgrounds. Research shows that many of the barriers are not nancial, and that some youth need other supports to reach their goals. Pathways to Education Canada is a unique program of early interventions and support for high school students. It has an established record of reducing high school drop-out rates and increasing post-secondary enrolment of students from inner city high schools. This community-based, volunteer-supported program provides tutoring, mentoring, counselling and nancial support to disadvantaged youth and their families.
Budget 2010 provides $20 million for Pathways to Education Canada to partner with the private sector, other governments and non-governmental organizations and work with communities in support of disadvantaged youth. This funding will enable Pathways to extend its reach to more young Canadians who are facing barriers to their pursuit of post-secondary education.
Supporting Better Education Outcomes for First Nations
The Government is committed to working with First Nations and provinces to ensure that First Nations children receive the education they require for success.
Budget 2010 provides $30 million over two years to support an implementation-ready tripartite K-12 education agreement. This agreement will ensure First Nations students bene t from comparable education and achieve comparable results whether the classroom is located on or off reserve.
The Government will work with First Nations groups and other willing partners to develop options, including new legislation, to improve the governance framework and clarify accountability for First Nations elementary and secondary education.
In addition, the Government will engage in a new approach to providing support to First Nations and Inuit post-secondary students to ensure that students receive the support they need to attend post-secondary education. The new approach will be effective and accountable, and will be coordinated with other federal student support programs.
Helping youth acquire skills and participate in the labour market
Strong Record of Support for Youth
The Government recognizes the importance of high quality education and skills training for young Canadians. A number of programs are already in place to help youth get an education, acquire skills and get a job:
Canadians needed support as they pursue an education and careers.
through grants, scholarships and loan programs.
encourage more young Canadians to pursue apprenticeships.
to encourage employers to hire apprentices.
enhance student employment opportunities under the Canada Summer
As the global economy emerges from the recent downturn, nations that prosper will be those that can most effectively utilize their resources and create a unique competitive advantage. Securing sustained economic growth and a rising standard of living for Canadians will require that businesses and individuals have the tools, the drive and the creativity to lead this global race.
For Canada, the key challenge will be to improve the rate at which our productivity is growing. Faster productivity growth will allow us to produce more with fewer resources, increasing our wealth and helping us deal with challenges such as an aging population and a stronger currency. Being more productive does not mean working more for less pay. It means becoming better at what we do, so that we can attract more investment, create more jobs, and have the resources to support the public services we want.
There is no single factor that drives productivity growth. For this reason, the Government has pursued a broad approach, as set out in its long-term economic plan, Advantage Canada, to put in place strategic advantages that will allow our country to prosper. Signi cant progress has been achieved to date in implementing Advantage Canada. This progress includes historic tax reductions that are helping to provide Canada with the lowest overall tax rate on new business investment in the G7 this year. It also includes the strengthening of Canada's investment and competition policies, and signi cant investments in critical infrastructure across the country.
Budget 2010 builds on earlier investments by providing new resources to help develop and attract talented people, strengthen our capacity for world-leading research, improve commercialization, accelerate private sector investment, enhance the ability of Canadian rms to participate in global markets, and create a more competitive business environment. This budget will also make Canada a tariff-free manufacturing zone by positioning Canada as the rst of the G20 countries to allow industrial manufacturers to operate without the burden of tariffs and diversify their linkages to new markets.
Strengthening Canada's Tax Advantage
The tax reductions in the Economic Action Plan reinforce the Government's ambitious agenda of tax relief aimed at creating a tax system that improves standards of living, and fuels job creation and investment in Canada. Over the medium term, the Government will continue to strengthen Canada's Tax Advantage.
Canada's business tax advantage is being strengthened as the Government of Canada, provinces and territories progress toward the goal of a 25-per-cent combined federal-provincial corporate income tax rate.


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GaN-based switcher ICs empower next-generation power products - issue 1/2020
There have been a number of disruptive advances in the power electronics community over the last 20 years....
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Designed for high reliability, high temperature applications, the CMT-Antares is Cissoid's latest regulator.
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The Power by Linear two-phase, non-synchronous boost controller, the LTC7840, drives two stages of external N-channel power MOSFETs and is configurable as single or dual output boost regulator or so that the output of the first channel can feed the input of a second channel, allowing an output voltage which exceeds several hundred volts.
A typical application is for a 12V input voltage to be boosted to 48V with the first channel and the second channel boosting the 48 to 240V with an output current of up to 700mA. This application is suitable for automotive, industrial and medical applications, says Analog Devices.
The controller operates over an input voltage ranging from 5.5 to 60V. Up to four power stages can be clocked out-of-phase to minimise input and output filtering requirements. External MOSFETs switch at a fixed frequency programmable from 50 to 425kHz and can be synchronised to an external clock. Each channel of the controller can also be configured as a SEPIC or flyback topology. The controller also has adjustable maximum duty cycle, adjustable minimum on-time, over-load and over-voltage protection along with peak current mode control.
The LTC7840 is available in two thermally enhanced 28-lead, low profile 4.0 x 5.0mm TSSOP and QFN packages. E and I grades are specified over an operating junction range of -40 to 125°C. The H grade features operation from -40 to 150°C.
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Now showing items 11-20 of 25
Work's Popular Songs & Ballads. No. 18. Uncle Joe's Hail Coulumbia. Song and Chorus.
(Root & Cady, 95 Clark St., 1863)
Miss Lucy Neale, or, the Yellow Gal. A Celebrated Ethiopian Melody. Series Title Music of the Ethiopian Serenaders. Nine Songs and a Set of Cotillions.
(E. Ferrett & Co., 68 South Fourth Street, [n.d.])
Poor Aunt Dinah.
(Edward L. Walker, 160 Chesnut St., next door to the entrance of Barnum's Museum, 1850)
The Niggardly Nigger.
(J. Williams, 24 Berners St. W., [n.d.])
Lucy Neal. Genuine Edition.
(J. Williams, 123 Cheapside Corner of Wood St., [n.d.])
Campbell's Melodies. Poor Nelly Ann.
(Wm. Hall & Son, 239 Broadway, Cor. of Park Place, 1848)
Christy's Melodies. My Lovely Virginia Gal.
(Jaques and Brother, 385 Broadway, 1847)
The Virginia Minstrels, No.5. Jim Crack Corn, or, The Blue Tail Fly.
(F.D. Benteen, 1846)
Kitty Crow Ballad.
(Oliver Ditson, 115 Washington St., 1853)
Wake Nicodemus. Song and Chorus.
(Root & Cady, 67 Washington St., 1864)


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Tyler is an American actor and singer, relatively new to the world of show business. He made his debut on as a waiter in the TV series "Unfabulous" in 2005 and has since appeared on shows like "Cold Case," "Rockville, CA" and a 10 plus episode stint on daytime soap opera "Days of Our Lives." He was also one of the lead characters in the independent film "Peach, Plum, Pear." In 2011, he joined the cast of "Pretty Little Liars" as Caleb Rivers, his most well known role to date as a love interest for Hanna (played by Ashley Benson).
In May of 2013, it was announced that Tyler's character Caleb would be leaving the "Pretty Little Liars" town of Rosewood for "Ravenswood." A spin-off of the hit show that focuses on five strangers whose lives become intertwined by a deadly curse that has plagued their town for generations, which began airing in October on ABC Family.
He returned to "Pretty Little Liars" in 2014.
All American Speakers is a speakers bureau and booking agency providing information on booking Tyler Blackburn for speaking engagements, personal appearances and corporate events. Contact an All American Speakers Bureau booking agent for more information on Tyler Blackburn speaking fees, availability, speech topics and cost to hire for your next event.
Please Note: All American Speakers Bureau acts only as an entertainment broker/producer for corporate functions, private engagements and special events. All American Speakers Bureau does not claim or represent itself as the exclusive agent or management of Tyler Blackburn or any artist on this website. Speaker fees are determined based on a number of factors and may change without notice. Fees often vary based on a number of factors including: speakers schedule, supply and demand, length of presentation, location of event and other factors. Fee Ranges listed on this website are intended to serve only as a guideline. In some cases, the actual price quote may be above or below the stated range.
All American Speakers Bureau is a celebrity booking agency and talent buyer which supplies celebrity talent worldwide. We secure speakers and celebrities for speaking engagements, advertising campaigns, personal appearances, commercials, licensing, voice-overs, product endorsements, spokesperson campaigns, publicity events, corporate entertainment, trade shows, and media tours.
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$ 17,048
- Board
Brass And Marble Credenza by Sandro Petti for Maison Jansen - 1970s
|Ample Provenance
|Glass, Brass, Marble.
|Creation Date
|Hollywood regency sideboard by Sandro Petti for Maison Jansen. A true high end piece which shows in the top level of finishing. A modernist roman style sculptural work with four front doors in mirrored glass complemented with four top drawers in the same decor, enhancing the brass column structure which is hiding even more storage facility. The Calacatta marble top makes the piece even more perfect. Sandro Petti was an Avant-Garde architect working exclusive artists and designers like Romeo Rega and Enrico Manera. His work was recognized in 1977 al Salone del Mobile with images on Casa Vogue.
|Styles / Movements
|Hollywood Regency, Modern
|Incollect Reference Number
More Listings from Goldwood Interiors View all 648 listings
- GS195 Daybed and Sofa by Gianni Songia - 1963
- Coffee Table by Gio Ponti for Singer & Sons - 1950s
- High Back Armchairs in Oak and Straw, attributed by Bas Van Pelt - 1940s
- Gabriella Crespi Style Rectangular Dining Table in Rattan - 1970s
- Dining Chair by Alejandro Estrada for Piegatto - 2006
- Eero Saarinen "Tulip" Dining Table for Knoll - 1970s
- De Sede DS 47 Brown Leather Armchair - 1970s
- Post-modern Sculptural Leather & Wood Chairs By Arco - 1980s
- 18th Century Antique Chest
- Brass Racing Sail Boat Wall Mount Sculpture by Curtis Jere - 1995
- Oak Throne Chairs With Adjustable Side Table - 1950s
- De Sede DS 47 Brown Leather Sofa - 1970s
- Oak & Leather Dining Chairs in the style of Ponti - 1970s
- Gabriella Crespi Style Adjustable Dining Table in Rattan - 1970s
- Rustic Wooden Wabi Sabi Lounge Chairs - 1950s


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How Obtain Weight And Make Mass Obtaining To Fat
Simply put, the CKD is a cycle between periods of eating varying amounts of fat, protein and carbohydrates. It includes 5-6 days of eating a diet consisting of high-fat, high-protein and low-carbs. This is followed by 1-2 days of low-fat, high-protein and high-carbs.
Fats - You'll have the option to use heavy cream, half and half and even cheesecake, as long as may sugar a totally free. You don't watch fat or calories on a low ketogenic diet.
Eat 5 meals per day, 3-4 hours apart. Setting a ketosis diet plan menu for women schedule will help boost your metabolism burn off more energy from fat. This will give one's body the adequate nutrition had to perform at optimal levels. Your pattern of consumption is valuable as well as the foods you eat. I recommend high fiber, low fat, high protein, Keto Ultra Fast Review moderate regarding carbs, too low sugar regiment. It is vital not something you do for 30 days and just bail on the are planning. This is a healthy lifestyle identify to make permanent and also that can keeping the weight off for high quality. Some of the best tasting meals in the globe are the healthiest.
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Avoid the Temptation consume Carbohydrates: Pick up your cabinets and remove all the carb products to make any low carb diet a success. Throw or give away those potato chips, oily snacks, bread, pasta, rice, flour and sugar products because is actually usually much simpler keep out of your temptation in order to try to face up to every time you see a carb object.
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Here exactly what you comprise of in your 6 meals: foods that are high in protein and loaded with complex sugar. How much grams must include? The answer is 30 grams of both.
When you terminate or curb your expenditure of carbs, your body starts spending its glycogen reserves. After a few days that 1600 grams (3.5 pounds) of glycogen and water are consumed. Also, Keto Ultra Fast Pills Ultra Fast the eating habits study the refusing of carbs, your body makes these things referred to as ketones. Ketones also,look like they have a diuretic outcome, may possibly mean a bigger loss in water.


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text: Polar Bears have started off the New Year by going shopping! We have practised adding coins and notes to make a certain amount and also found different combinations to make the amount. We also synergized to solve reasoning questions about Money. We used Habit 3 and put First things First when sketching in Art. We first explored how to use the sketching pencils, before deciding which type to use to sketch the fire.


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Aldersgate Group launches 'manifesto' for rapid decarbonisation
Green business group publishes plan for the new government centred on renewable energy, grid flexibility, transport decarbonisation, and innovation
Sustainable business think tank the Aldersgate Group has today published a "manifesto" outlining how the new government can accelerate the transition to a net zero emissions economy. The report calls...
More news
Freak storm or political climate change?
Philip Box of the UK Green Building Council discusses the fallout from the latest changes in Westminster
Green finance first touches down in the aviation industry
A deal between BNP Paribas and JetBlue has linked a revolving credit facility to an airline's sustainability performance for the first time
Accountants must aid fight against climate change, industry bodies urge
Accountants will play a key role in reshaping economic policy and market mechanisms for the net zero transition, sector bodies argue
Europe's biggest firms are putting €124bn towards net zero - but is it enough?
CDP analysis of more than 800 companies shows corporate green investment is growing, but businesses must now double down to achieve net zero


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Things to do in Lampang
Buddhist Temples of Lampang
History of Lampang
Lampang is a major city about 90 km south of Chiang Mai. At the location of Lampang a settlement called Wiang Khelang was founded in about the ninth century during the time of Queen Chamathewi. Therefore the city predates Chiang Mai. Little is known about the early history of Lampang. Over time the city became known as Nakhon, Lakhon and, finally, Lampang. It was an independent kingdom until King Mengrai conquered it. King Mengrai, the founder of Chiang Mai, and his successors laid the foundation of Lan Na between 1296 and 1355, the comprised Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun and Lampang.
The Golden Age of the Lanna Kingdom
Historians consider the period from 1355 until 1558 kind of the Golden Age of the Lanna kingdom. Temples such as Wat Suandok, Wat Yet Yod and Wat Chedi Luang date back to that period. The Lanna kings conquered Nan and Phrae but were also waging war on Sukhotai, Ayuthaya. They conquered faraway places such as Chiang Rung (currently Jinghong in Yunnan province, China) and Muang Yong and other towns in Shan State (now in Myanmar). During this time, Khelang (Lampang) was part of the Lanna Kingdom.
The Burmese occupation
Continuous warfare had weakened Lanna. In 1558 Burmese armies conquered Chiang Mai which was the beginning of the Burmese occupation. This period lasted from 1558 until 1774. Not much is known about this period. At times the Lanna Kingdom was semi-autonomous. During periods the ruler was Burmese, sometimes the ruler was a descendant of the Mengrai dynasty. In 1614 Lampang declared independence. It was a fluid period with many revolts against the Burmese occupation.
The Revival of the Lanna Kingdom
In 1774 a local noble called Kawila succeeded in driving the Burmese out of Chiang Mai with the help of Taksin, king of a Siamese kingdom based in Thonburi. Kawila became the first king of the Chet Ton dynasty and started the revival of the Lanna Kingdom. Lanna was by now a vassal of Siam. The kingdom was in ruins. Kawila's rebuilding policy is usually translated as "Put vegetables into baskets, put people into towns."
Wat Lampang Luang
Wat Prathat Lampang Luang is one of the most highly revered temples in Thailand, about 20 km north of Lampang. The chedi contains a relic of the Buddha who visit the site about 2500 years ago. Wat Prathat Lampang Luang is a wiang, a fortified settlement on a small hill. Its walls are imposing. The temple dates back to the 13th century. It is a great example of Lanna style temple architecture. It is the must-see temple that features in our two-day Classic Lampang Railway Journey.
Wat Phra Kaew Don Tao
This temple is the most revered of all temples of Lampang. It is not far from the Wang River. Wat Phra Kaew Don Tao dates back to the 14th or the 15th century. This temple housed the Emerald Buddha statue for 34 years in the 15th century. This highly revered statue was discovered in Chiang Rai and then moved to Lampang. It is now in Wat Phra Kaew in Bangkok.
Wat Pong Sanuk
This temple is not far from the Wang River. Wealthy Burmese residents constructed this temple in 1886 in Shan and Burmese style. At that time the temple was called Wat Pong Sanuk Tai. The Wihan of this temple has a unique cruciform shape. Just recently this Wihan has been restored as it was in terrible shape. The restoration started in 2004 and completed in 2008. It was a joint effort by the local community, experts from Chiang Mai University, sponsors and UNESCO. The project received the Award of Merit, a UNESCO award for cultural heritage conservation.
Great Activities in Lampang
Trekking in Doi Khun Tan National Park
Doi Khun Tan National Park is about halfway between Chiang Mai and Lampang. It is one of Thailand's oldest national parks and the only one that has a railway running through it. The highest mountain is Doi Khun Tan at 1373 meters. The park offers great hiking and many stories. The park offers good accommodation, and there are also old missionary bungalows. Doi Khuntan offers some fantastic views.
Make a horsecart ride in Lampang
Lampang is the city of horse carts. It is the only city in Thailand that still has a significant number of horse carts. They were introduced more than 100 years ago when the city had a sizeable amount of Burmese and Shan Inhabitants. So one of the things to do in Lampang is to take a ride in a horse cart. It is good fun.
Make a train ride to Lampang
If you have the time, this is one of the great activities in Lampang. Take the slow day train which passes through Doi Khuntan National Park. The railway was constructed about 100 years ago and hasn't changed much. The train will not run faster than 50kms per hour at any time. You will have plenty of time to enjoy the scenery and the small historical stations along the way. Highly recommended.
Great things to see in Lampang
The Rachadapisek Bridge
The Rachadapisek Bridge is an iconic bridge that spans the Wang River. An American missionary teacher saved the bridge from destruction in World War Two. You can read the story here. It is a narrow bridge. After dark, this bridge is beautifully illuminated.
Hospital at the Thai Elephant Conservation Center
The Thai Elephant Conservation Center is located about 20 km north of Lampang. It is the only government-run elephant camp in Thailand. The camp itself offers an elephant show and allows elephant riding, both in which we are not very interested. We recommend visiting the hospital, which is part of the Center but has a separate entrance. The hospital offers free healthcare to all elephants. There is a nursery with mothers and their babies as well.
The "Louis House"
There are more teak wooden houses in Lampang than in any other city in northern Thailand. The city was a major centre of the teak industry from the 1880s until 1941. Many of these houses were constructed in this period. A good example is the former office of the Louis T.Leonowens Company, one of the British logging companies, but there are many others. At the time of writing, you can visit this house. There is no entrance fee. The house is empty but might be transformed into a museum in the future. Let's hope so.
Lampang Railway Station
The Lampang Railway Station is one of the most beautiful railway stations in Thailand. The railway from Bangkok reached the city in 1916. The train ride from Chiang Mai to Lampang is a very scenic one. Take the day train so you can enjoy the ride that takes you through Khuntan Tunnel and Khuntan National Park. It is a third-class train without airconditioning that allows you to feel the wind and experience the old train stations and the scenery.
Lampang Walking Streets
Just like many cities and towns nowadays, Lampang also has "walking streets", early evening street markets that have local products for sale. There is one on Friday at Wang Nua street and one on Saturday and Sunday at Kad Kong Ta. Products for sale include souvenirs, handicrafts, delicacies and local food. Most of these street markets also offer foot massage and local music. Highly recommended. The Lampang Walking Streets are amazing. These markets usually start at around sunset and last until about 2200.
The Dhanabee Ceramic Museum
This museum is well worth a visit. It tells the story of the history of the Dhanabee Ceramic company and its trademark the "Chicken Bowl". It is an educational and fun museum. They organise workshops and have some cute souvenirs for sale.


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What is Ivy Renderer in Angular 6?
Ivy Renderer in Angular 6 is the next-generation compilation and rendering pipeline which shall help reduce the bundle size, loading time in slower networks and also is very simple to use. IvyRendering is still in an experimental phase and shall be finalized in Angular 8.0 and above.
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- Sun, 15:52: RT @ZachWeiner: You may know that for a long time there was a push for base-12 to displace base-10 in math. Didn't take, of course. Today…
- Sun, 15:53: RT @Brainmage: Horse: Hey! Shire horse: umm...hi
- Mon, 11:38: RT @alyankovic: Hey you guys. Don't worry, we're cool. I pinky swear I won't destroy the world. https://t.co/IX4AYAkRuw
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