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Official Installation Guide (Česky)
Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary wiki (Pokud s Arch Linuxem začínáte) Template:Article summary end
- 1 Úvod
- 2 Před instalací
- 3 Installing Arch Linux
- 3.1 Using the Install Media
- 3.2 Using PXE (Network booting)
- 3.3 Performing the installation
- 3.3.1 Interactive Installation Procedure
- 184.108.40.206 Select Source
- 188.8.131.52 Set Clock
- 22.214.171.124 Prepare Hard Drive
- 22.214.171.124 Select Packages
- 22.214.171.124 Install Packages
- 126.96.36.199 Configure System
- 18.104.22.168 Install Bootloader
- 184.108.40.206 Exit Install
- 3.3.2 Automatic Installation Procedure
- 3.3.3 Customizing Installations
- 3.3.1 Interactive Installation Procedure
- 4 Your new system
- 5 More information
Co je Arch Linux?
Arch Linux je nezávisla vyvíjená linuxová distribuce optimalizovaná pro i686 a x86_64, která původně zakládala na myšlenkách z distribuce CRUX.
Vývoj je zaostřen na rovnováhu jednoduchosti, elegantnosti, korektnosti kódu a nejnovějšího softwaru.
Jeho odlehčenost a jednoduchý návrh ho dělá snadno rozšiřitelným a tvarovatelným pro jakýkoliv druh systému, jenž budujete.
Arch Linux a jeho skripty jsou pod copyrightem
2002-2007 Judd Vinet
2007-2010 Aaron Griffin
a jsou licencovány pod licencí GNU GPL.
Před instalací
Arch Linux je optimalizován pro procesory i686 a x86_64 a proto nepoběží na jakékoliv nižší nebo nekompatibilní generaci procesorů x86 (i386, i486 nebo i586). Je vyžadováno alespoň Pentium Pro, Pentium II nebo AMD Athlon (K7). (Technicky jsou procesory bez instrukce cmov, jakými jsou AMD K6 a Via C3, také i686, ale my používáme gcc a gcc zase používá instrukce cmov.) Před instalací Arch Linuxu byste se měli rozhodnout, jakou instalační metodu chcete použít.
Dostupné obrazy
Arch Linux poskytuje ISO soubory, které mohou být zapsány na CD nebo na pevné či Flash disky.
Je použit bootloader Isolinux. Každé instalační médium má dvě varianty, jež se liší pouze v poskytovaných balíčcích.
Obrazy "core" obsahují snímek hlavních balíčků distribuce.
Tyto obrazy jsou nejvhodnější pro lidi, kteří mají internetové připojení, které je pomalé nebo se špatně nastavuje.
Obrazy "net" neobsahují vůbec žádné balíčky. Postahují si je ze sítě.
Tyto obrazy jsou upřednostňovány, protože u nich v závěru skončíte se zcela aktuálním systémem, a jsou nejvhodnější pro lidi s rychlým připojením k Internetu.
Instalátoru můžete nařídit, aby si obstaral balíčky z Internetu (nebo
jakékoliv jiné sítě) u jakéhokoliv z těchto obrazů. Všechny obrazy mohou též
být použity jako plně funkční prostředí pro obnovu systému.
Tyto obrazy fungují stejně jako jakákoliv jiná běžná instalace Arch Linuxu.
Defakto jsou úplně totožné, pouze jsou nainstalovány na obraz CD nebo Flash disku namísto na pevný disk.
Obsahují celou "základní" sadu balíčků, jakož i rozličné síťové nástroje a ovladače, a je v nich nainstalován balíček aif.
Pokud budete při jejich používání potřebovat ještě něco dalšího, stačí rozběhat připojení k Internetu a nainstalovat to pacmanem.
Krátký přehled příkazů pro pacmana je dostupný na konci tohoto dokumentu.
Všechny obrazy jsou dostupné ve variantě pro i686, x86_64 nebo obojí. Poslední zmíněná obsahuje obě dvě architektury a nechá vás si při bootu vybrat.
Instalační nástroj AIF
Arch Linux pro provádění instalace používá AIF (Arch Linux Installation Framework).
Tento nástroj — napsaný v bashi — sestává z několika knihoven pro provádění různých funkcí (instalace balíčků, nastavení disků atd.) a několika takzvaných procedur, které využívají tyto knihovny pro snadnou instalaci nebo související menší úkoly ("částečné procedury"). Běžně jsou přítomné tyto procedury:
- interactive: Interaktivní instalační procedura, která se vás zeptá
na některé věci, provede vás instalací a pomůže vám
zkonfigurovat systém pomocí automatických změn
nastavení v závislosti na tom, co jste předtím uvedli
(např. v nastavení sítě)
Instalovaný systém bude mít zpočátku nainstalovanou pouze přizpůsobitelnou sadu "základních" balíčků s jakýmikoliv utilitami a ovladači, které potřebujete pro to, abyste mohli být online.
Jakmile úspěšně nabootujete nainstalovaný systém, spustíte úplný upgrade systému a nainstalujete jakékoliv jiné balíčky chcete. (zastoupeno jako
- automatic: Automatizovaná procedura navržená pro nízkou nebo nulovou interaktivitu.
Používá pro konfiguraci cílového systému profily.
Vizte /usr/share/aif/examples/ pro ukázkové soubory profilů. Tyto ukázky implementují celkem obecné scénáře, ale můžete si je pozměnit, jak chcete, abyste tak nainstalovali zvláštní balíčky, provedli změny v konfiguraci atd.
- base: Základní instalace s nízkou interaktivitou a běžnými předdefinovanými hodnotami.
Tato procedura je používána jako základ pro ostatní procedury a NENÍ zamýšlena pro přímé použití koncovými uživateli.
- partial-configure-network: odkrývá krok pro konfiguraci sítě z interaktivní procedury, aby vám tak pomohla nastavit síť v živém prostředí.
- partial-disks: Pro zpracování diskového subsystému nebo provedení rollbacku.
- partial-keymap: Pro změnu nastavení klávesnice nebo fontu v konzoli (zastoupeno jako
The benefit of procedures such as partial-keymap and partial-configure-network over direct usage of tools such as loadkeys or ifconfig is that when running the interactive procedure, you will get asked if you want to apply your settings to the config files of the target system.
If you want to go further, you can also:
- write your own procedures from scratch or by overriding certain parts of other procedures
- write your own libraries, to provide new, reusable functionality
- create your own configs for the procedures that support them (eg automatic)
For more information, consult the readme of AIF.
Acquiring Arch Linux
You can download Arch Linux from any of the mirrors listed on the download page.
You may also purchase an installation CD from Archux, OSDisc or LinuxCD and have it shipped anywhere in the world.
Preparing the Installation Media
Download your chosen medium through torrent (preferred) or from your favorite mirror.
Download iso/<release>/sha1sums.txt
Verify the integrity of the .iso image using sha1sum:
sha1sum --check sha1sums.txt
archlinux-XXX.iso: OK
Burn the ISO image to a CD-R or CD-RW using any software of your choice, or if using a USB mass storage device, such as a thumb drive, using dd or similar raw-write software:
dd if=archlinux-XXX.iso of=/dev/sdX
Make sure to use /dev/sdX and not /dev/sdX1.
This command will irrevocably delete all files on your USB stick, so make sure you don't have any important files on it before doing this.
Installing Arch Linux
Using the Install Media
Make sure your BIOS is set in a way to allow booting from your CD-ROM or USB
Reboot your computer with the Arch Linux Installation CD in the drive or the USB stick plugged in the port. Once the installation medium has started booting you will see the Arch Linux logo and a grub menu waiting for your selection.
Most likely you can just hit enter at this point.
If Grub hangs, you're one of the unlucky few whose CD-rom drive doesn't work with grub and you should try the isolinux image.
At the end of the boot procedure, you should be at a login prompt with some
simple instructions at the top of the screen.
You should login as root. At this point you can optionally perform manual preparations and commence the actual installation
- If you prefer a non-US keymap or specific consolefont, type
kmto change any of these.
- If for some reason you need network access before starting the installer
(the interactive procedure lets you configure the network for NET
you can type
aif -p partial-configure-network
For both items, changed settings will be remembered to be optionally applied to the target system when using the interactive procedure.
There is also an
arch login which can be usefull if you want to do things
as non-privileged user.
Most people don't need this.
You will find that everything you need to perform this installation (a copy of this guide, aif README, shortcuts to common aif procedures) can be found in /arch
Using PXE (Network booting)
On another machine running (Arch) Linux (live or normal),
you need to install and configure a dhcp and tftpd daemon. Dnsmasq is a fine choice which can do both.
You also need a nbd (network block device) daemon so the client can load the needed files.
You can find more info on the wiki Community contributed documentation
(this section could be a bit more elaborate)
Configure your system to try network booting (pxe) first. On most systems this happen by default. You will get an IP from the server and load all needed files over the network automatically. Once booted, you can proceed as normal.
Performing the installation
You can either use the interactive procedure or the automatic one.
See section [#Aif_the_installation_tool 2.3 AIF, the installation tool] or the AIF readme for more info.
Interactive Installation Procedure
/arch/setup (or
aif -p interactive, which is the same) to start.
After the welcome message and disclaimer you will be presented with the main installation menu. You can use UP and DOWN arrow to navigate menus. Use TAB to switch between buttons and ENTER to select. At any point during the install process, you can switch to your 7th virtual console (ALT-F7) to view the output from the commands the setup is running. Use (ALT-F1) to get back to your first console where the installer is running, and any F-key in between if you need to open another console to intervene manually for any reason.
Select Source
As a first step you must choose the method you want to install Arch Linux. If you have a fast Internet connection, you might prefer the NET installation to ensure you get the latest packages instead of using the potentially outdated CD or USB image contents. If you're using a NET image you don't have much choice ;-).
CD-ROM or OTHER SOURCE
When choosing a CD-ROM or OTHER SOURCE install you will only be able to install packages contained on the CD, which may be quite old, or packages stored on a medium you were able to mount (DVD, USB stick or similar) somewhere in the filesystem tree manually. Of course it has the advantage that you won't need an Internet connection, and is therefore the recommended choice for dialup users or those unable or unwilling to download the entire package set.
Setup Network
The first entry Setup Network will allow you to install and configure your network device. If you are using a wireless device you will still need to use the usual utilities to configure it manually, in which case this part of the installer isn't much use to you. A list of all currently available network devices is presented to you. If no ethernet device is available yet, or the one you wish to use is missing, either hit OK and go on to probe for it, or switch to another console and load the module manually. If you still can't configure your network card, make sure it's physically been properly installed, and that it is supported by the Linux kernel.
When the correct module is loaded, and your desired network card is listed, you should select the ethernet device you want to configure and you will be given the option to configure your network with DHCP. If your network uses DHCP, hit YES and let the installer do the rest. If you select NO, you will be asked to enter the networking information manually. Either way, your network should be successfully configured, and you may check connectivity using standard tools like ping on another console.
Choose Mirror
Choose Mirror will allow you to choose the preferred mirror to download the packages that will be installed in your Arch Linux system. You should choose a mirror situated near where you live, in order to achieve faster download speed. At some later point of the installation, you will be given the option to use the mirror you choose at this step, as the default mirror to download packages from.
*Note: * ftp.archlinux.org is throttled to 50 KB/s.
These menu entries are only available when choosing FTP Installation, for rather obvious reasons. After successful preparation, choose Return to Main Menu.
Set Clock
Set Clock will allow you to set up your system clock and date. First you have to say if your hardwareclock is (or should be) in UTC or localtime. UTC is preferred, but if you have an OS installed which cannot handle UTC BIOS times correctly -like Windows- you'll have to choose localtime. Next the setup will want you to select your continent/country (timezone), and allow you to set the date and time (for which you can also use NTP if your network is up)
Prepare Hard Drive
Prepare Hard Drive will lead you into a submenu offering two alternatives of preparing your target drive(s) for installation, and a means to undo changes if you want to retry.
- Auto-prepare will automatically partition (and fully overwrite) one disk of your choice. It creates a simple layout with a /boot, swap, / and /home partition where you have some control over the used filesystems and sizes thereof.
- If you wish/need more control you can manually partition one or more hard disks and then manually specify a complete setup using the partitions on your disks. You can also use things such as lvm and dm_crypt here.
- The Rollback feature will check which filesystems were created by either of these methods, unmount the relevant filesystems and destroy lvm and dm_crypt volumes if they were created by you. You need this option if you want to undo or redo a certain scheme. You will be prompted for this if you forget.
- AIF can help you set up new dm_crypt and lvm volumes, but not (yet) softraid.
- AIF currently doesn't help you creating volumegroups that span multiple physical volumes. (if you need this -unlikely- : use vgcreate)
- AIF supports reusing filesystems, but only if it can find the blockdevice. If you want to reuse a filesystem that is on top of lvm/dm_crypt/softraid, you'll need to bring up the volumes yourself.
Auto-Prepare will automatically partition a hard drive of your choice into a /boot, swap, a root partition, and a /home and then create filesystems on all four. These partitions will also be automatically mounted in the proper place. To be exact, this option will create:
- 32 MB ext2 /boot partition
- 256 MB swap partition
- 7.5 GB root partition
- /home partition with the remaining space
You will be prompted to modify the sizes to your requirements, but /home will always use the remaining disk space. You can customize the used filesystem for /boot and for both of root and /home at once.
Manually partition Hard Drives
Here you can select the disk(s) you want to partition, and you'll be dropped into the cfdisk program where you can freely modify the partitioning information until you [Write] and [Quit]. You will need at least a root partition to continue the installation.
Manually configure block devices, filesystems and mountpoints
In this menu all recognized partitions are listed. On top of these you can create new filesystems. You should be aware of three things:
- All of this is just a model, everything will only be set up after you confirm.
- Not all blockdevices support all filesystems (Eg you cannot put an LVM volumegroup on something other then a LVM physical volume). The installer will automatically filter the list of possible filesystems and even select the one automatically for you if there's only one option.
- Some filesystems will cause new blockdevices to be created. This is the case for dm_crypt and lvm volumes. You will see them appear in the model and you can use them to put another filesystem on top of it.
- When asked for (optional) options to mkfs tools, pass
arguments which will literally be added when calling mkfs.
For example, to disable the journal on ext filesystems:
- don't do:
- but rather:
-O ^has_journal
- don't do:
When filesystems setup is complete, you can select 'Done'. At this point a check will be run which will tell you any critical errors (such as no root filesystem) and/or give you some warnings which you may ignore (like no swap). If anything is found, you can go back to fix these issues, or continue at which point everything will be setup the way you asked.
For example, if you want a setup that uses LVM on top of dm_crypt, you would:
- make sure that you have a 2 partitions: a small one for the unencrypted boot (about 100M) and one for the rest of the (encrypted) system. (do this in "Manually partition hard drives")
- on your /dev/sdX1, make an ext2 filesystem with mountpoint /boot
- on your /dev/sdX2, make a dm_crypt volume, with label sdX2crypt (or whatever you want)
- /dev/mapper/sdX2crypt will appear. Put a LVM physical volume on this
- /dev/mapper/sdX2crypt+ appears. This is the representation of the physical volume. Put a volumegroup on this, with label cryptpool (or whatever you want)
- /dev/mapper/cryptpool appears. On this volumegroup you are able to put
multiple logical volumes. Make 2:
- one with size 5G: label this cryptroot
- one with size 10G: label this crypthome
- 2 new volumes appear:
- /dev/mapper/cryptpool-cryptroot: on this blockdevice, you can put your root filesystem, with mountpoint /.
- /dev/mapper/cryptpool-crypthome is the blockdevice on which you can put the filesystem with mountpoint /home.
- If you want swapspace, make a logical volume for swap and put a swap volume on it.
- That's it! If you select 'done' it should process the model and create your disk setup the way you specified. The cool part is that you can pick relatively small values for your volumes to start with, and if you need more space later you can grow the logical volume and the filesystem on top of it.
The rollback function will do everything necessary to "undo" changes you made in the 'Manually configure block devices, filesystems and mountpoints' or 'Autoprepare' step, to allow you completely redo your setup.
It will:
- unmount filesystems from the target system
- destroy/undo lvm and dm_crypt volumes.
It will not:
- undo any partitioning
- remove 'simple' filesystems such as ext3, xfs, swap etc.
The reason for this is simple: only things that might disturb subsequent hard disk preparations need to be undone.
Select Packages
Select Packages will let you select the packages you wish to install from the CD, USB or your NET mirror. You have the opportunity to specify whole package groups from which you'd generally like to install packages, then fine-tune your coarse selection by (de)selecting individual packages from the groups you have chosen using the space bar. It is recommended that you install all the "base" packages, but not anything else at this point. The only exception to this rule is installing any packages you need for setting up Internet connectivity.
Once you're done selecting the packages you need, leave the selection screen and continue to the next step.
Install Packages
Install Packages will now install the base system and any other packages you selected with resolved dependencies onto your harddisk.
Configure System
Configure System does multiple things:
- automatically preseed some configuration files (eg grub's menu.lst, mkinitcpio.conf's HOOKS, keymap settings in rc.conf, pacman mirror etc)
- preseed some configuration files after you agreed. (eg network settings)
- allow you to manually change important config files for your target system. You'll be asked which text editor you want to use. You have the choice between nano, joe and vi
- allow you to set the root password for the target.
Configuration Files
These are the core configuration files for Arch Linux. If you need help configuring a specific service, please read the appropriate manpage or refer to any online documentation you need. In many cases, the Arch Linux Wiki and forums are a rich source for help as well.
- /etc/rc.conf
- /etc/fstab
- /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
- /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf
- /etc/resolv.conf
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/hosts.deny
- /etc/hosts.allow
- /etc/locale.gen
- /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
- /etc/pacman.conf
This is the main configuration file for Arch Linux. It allows you to set your keyboard, timezone, hostname, network, daemons to run and modules to load at bootup, profiles, and more.
LOCALE: This sets your system language, which will be used by all i18n- friendly applications and utilities. See locale.gen below for available options. This setting's default is fine for US English users.
HARDWARECLOCK: Either UTC if your BIOS clock is set to UTC, or localtime if your BIOS clock is set to your local time. If you have an OS installed which cannot handle UTC BIOS times correctly, like Windows, choose localtime here, otherwise you should prefer UTC, which makes daylight savings time a non-issue and has a few other positive aspects.
USEDIRECTISA: If set to "yes" it tells hwclock to use explicit I/O instructions to access the hardware clock. Otherwise, hwclock will try to use the /dev/rtc device it assumes to be driven by the rtc device driver. This setting's default "no" is fine for people not using an ISA machine.
TIMEZONE: Specifies your time zone. Possible time zones are the relative path to a zoneinfo file starting from the directory /usr/share/zoneinfo. For example, a German timezone would be Europe/Berlin, which refers to the file /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin. If you don't know the exact name of your timezone file, worry about it later.
KEYMAP: Defines the keymap to load with the loadkeys program on bootup. Possible keymaps are found in /usr/share/kbd/keymaps. Please note that this setting is only valid for your TTYs, not any graphical window managers or X! Again, the default is fine for US users.
CONSOLEFONT: Defines the console font to load with the setfont program on bootup. Possible fonts are found in /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts.
CONSOLEMAP: Defines the console map to load with the setfont program on bootup. Possible maps are found in /usr/share/kbd/consoletrans. Set this to a map suitable for the appropriate locale (8859-1 for Latin1, for example) if you're using an UTF-8 locale above, and use programs that generate 8-bit output. If you're using X11 for everyday work, don't bother, as it only affects the output of Linux console applications.
USECOLOR: Enable (or disable) colorized status messages during boot-up.
MOD_AUTOLOAD: If set to "yes", udev will be allowed to load modules as necessary upon bootup. If set to "no", it will not.
MODULES: In this array you can list the names of modules you want to load during bootup without the need to bind them to a hardware device as in the modprobe.conf. Simply add the name of the module here, and put any options into modprobe.conf if need be. Prepending a module with a bang ('!') will blacklist the module, and not allow it to be loaded.
USELVM: Set to "yes" to run a vgchange during sysinit, thus activating any LVM groups
HOSTNAME: Set this to the hostname of the machine, without the domain part. This is totally your choice, as long as you stick to letters, digits and a few common special characters like the dash.
INTERFACES: Here you define the settings for your networking interfaces. The default lines and the included comments explain the setup well enough. If you use DHCP, 'eth0="dhcp"' should work for you. If you do not use DHCP just keep in mind that the value of the variable (whose name must be equal to the name of the device which is supposed to be configured) equals the line which would be appended to the ifconfig command if you were to configure the device manually in the shell.
ROUTES: You can define your own static network routes with arbitrary names here. Look at the example for a default gateway to get the idea. Basically the quoted part is identical to what you'd pass to a manual route add command, therefore reading man route is recommended or simply leave this alone.
[/index.php/Network_Profiles NET_PROFILES]: Enables certain network profiles at bootup. Network profiles provide a convenient way of managing multiple network configurations, and are intended to replace the standard INTERFACES/ROUTES setup that is still recommended for systems with only one network configuration. If your computer will be participating in various networks at various times (eg, a laptop) then you should take a look at the /etc/network-profiles/ directory to set up some profiles. There is a template file included there that can be used to create new profiles. This now requires the netcfg package.
DAEMONS: This array simply lists the names of those scripts contained in /etc/rc.d/ which are supposed to be started during the boot process. If a script name is prefixed with a bang (!), it is not executed. If a script is prefixed with an "at" symbol (@), then it will be executed in the background, ie. the startup sequence will not wait for successful completion before continuing. Usually you do not need to change the defaults to get a running system, but you are going to edit this array whenever you install system services like sshd, and want to start these automatically during bootup.
Filesystem settings and mountpoints are configured here. The installer should have created the necessary entries. Ensure they are accurate and correct.
This file allows you to fine-tune the initial ramdisk for your system. The ramdisk is a gzipped image that is read by the kernel during bootup. Its purpose is to bootstrap the system to the point where it can access the root filesystem. This means it has to load any modules that are required to "see" things like IDE, SCSI, or SATA drives (or USB/FW, if you are booting off a USB/FW drive). Once the ramdisk loads the proper modules, either manually or through udev, it passes control to the Arch system and your bootup continues. For this reason, the ramdisk only needs to contain the modules necessary to access the root filesystem. It does not need to contain every module you would ever want to use. The majority of your everyday modules will be loaded later on by udev, during the init process.
By default, mkinitcpio.conf is configured to autodetect all needed modules for IDE, SCSI, or SATA systems through so-called HOOKS. The installer should also have inserted hooks like crypt, lvm, keymap and usbinput if relevant. This means the default initrd should work for almost everybody. You can edit mkinitcpio.conf and remove the subsystem HOOKS (ie, IDE, SCSI, RAID, USB, etc) that you don't need. You can customize even further by specifying the exact modules you need in the MODULES array and remove even more of the hooks, but proceed with caution.
If you're using RAID on your root filesystem, the RAID settings near the bottom must be configured. See the wiki pages for RAID and mkinitcpio for more info. If you're using a non-US keyboard, you should also add the 'keymap' hook, as well as the 'usbinput' hook if you are using a USB keyboard.
This tells the kernel which modules to load for system devices, and what options to set. For example, to have the kernel load the Realtek 8139 ethernet module when it starts the network (ie. tries to setup eth0), use this line:
<code> alias eth0 8139too </code>
Most people will not need to edit this file.
Use this file to manually setup your preferred nameserver(s). It should basically look like this:
<code> search domain.tld nameserver 192.168.0.1 nameserver 192.168.0.2 </code>
Replace domain.tld and the ip addresses with your settings. The so-called search domain specifies the default domain that is appended to unqualified hostnames automatically. By setting this, a ping myhost will effectively become a ping myhost.domain.tld with the above values. These settings usually aren't mighty important, though, and most people should leave them alone for now. If you use DHCP, this file will be replaced with the correct values automatically when networking is started, meaning you can and should happily ignore this file.
This is where you stick hostname/ip associations of computers on your network. If a hostname isn't known to your DNS, you can add it here to allow proper resolving, or override DNS replies. You usually don't need to change anything here, but you might want to add the hostname and hostname + domain of the local machine to this file, resolving to the IP of your network interface. Some services, postfix for example, will bomb otherwise. If you don't know what you're doing, leave this file alone until you read man hosts.
This file denies network services access. By default all network services are denied.
<code> ALL: ALL: DENY </code>
This file allows network services access. Enter the services you want to allow here. eg. to allow all machines to connect via ssh:
<code> sshd: ALL: ALLOW </code>
This file contains a list of all supported locales and charsets available to you. When choosing a LOCALE in your /etc/rc.conf or when starting a program, it is required to uncomment the respective locale in this file, to make a "compiled" version available to the system, and run the locale-gen command as root to generate all uncommented locales and put them in their place afterwards. You should uncomment all locales you intend to use.
During the installation process, you do not need to run locale-gen manually, this will be taken care of automatically after saving your changes to this file. By default, all locales are enabled that would make sense by rc.conf's LOCALE= setting. To make your system work smoothly, you should edit this file and uncomment at least the one locale you're using in your rc.conf.
This file contains a list of mirrors from which pacman will download packages for the official Arch Linux repositories. The mirrors are tried in the order in which they are listed. The $repo macro is automatically expanded by pacman depending on the repository (core, extra, community or testing).
If you are performing an FTP installation, the mirror you used to download the packages from will be added on top of the mirror list, in order to be used as the default mirror in your new Arch Linux system.
Here you can customize pacman settings such as which repositories to use.
Set Root Password
At this step, you must set the root password for your system. Choose this password carefully, preferably as a mixture of alphanumeric and special characters, since this password allows you to modify critical parts of your system.
When you are done editing the configuration files choose Return to return to the main menu. The setup will regenerate the initial ramdisk to enable the changes you made in mkinitcpio.conf.
Install Bootloader
Install Bootloader will install a bootloader on your hard drive, either GRUB or NONE in case you have a bootloader already installed and want to use that one instead. If you choose to install GRUB, the setup script will want you to examine the appropriate configuration file to confirm the proper settings.
You should check and modify this file to accommodate your boot setup if you want to use GRUB, otherwise you will have to modify your existing bootloader's configuration file. The installer will have pre-populated this file using UUID entries which you may have to change in the same cases you'd need to change them in your fstab.
After checking your bootloader configuration for correctness, you'll be prompted for a partition to install the loader to. Unless you're using yet another boot loader, you should install GRUB to the MBR of the installation disk, which is usually represented by the appropriate device name without a number suffix.
Exit Install
Exit the Installer, remove the media you used for the installation, type reboot at the command line and cross your fingers!
Automatic Installation Procedure
With the automatic installation procedure, you can do scripted/automatic installations. See [#Aif_the_installation_tool 2.3 AIF, the installation tool] In /usr/share/aif/examples you will find example profiles which will need no or minimal editing in order to install a system:
- generic-install-on-sda this file demonstrates some things you can do (adding custom packages, setting timezone, update config files etc) it sets up a simple installation (with a structure similar to what you get with Auto-prepare) on /dev/sda
- fancy-install-on-sda very similar to generic-install-on-sda, but sets up a "filesystems on lvm on dm_crypt" system on /dev/sda
Note that these files are plain bash files, so if you want to define for
SYNC_URL it must be singlequoted to prevent bash expanding
Invoke as
aif -p automatic -c /path/to/configfile
Obviously, don't forget to change the hard disk names unless you want
to use /dev/sda.
Config file syntax
Config files will be sourced by the bash shell, so they need to be valid bash code.
PARTITIONS: Allows you to define partitions for your hard disk, separated by spaces.
- first comes the device file for the hard disk
- then for each partition you want: size in MiB (or '*' for all remaining space),filesystem type and optionally a '+' to toggle the bootable flag. separated by colons (':')
BLOCKDATA: In this multi-line variable you can describe for each partition you'll have how it should be used. Study the examples to see how it works.
Customizing Installations
You can also customize your installation experience by writing new procedures (possibly inheriting from current procedures) or config files for procedures that support it (eg automatic). You have all the aif libraries at your disposal and you can create new libraries. (see /usr/lib/aif) This is a moving target, so consult the AIF readme for more information.
Your new system
If all went well, you can reboot your system (make sure you don't boot again from the same USB disk or CD-ROM drive) and your new system will boot.
You'll notice that in the early userspace (the part that comes after the
bootloader) the hooks (as defined in mkinitcpio.conf) needed to get your root
filesystem are run.
If you have lvm, it will run the lvm hook. If you use encryption, it will run the keymap and encrypt hooks so you can enter your password to decrypt the volume.
Once the system is booted, login as root. By default the password is empty but in the interactive procedure you can change it.
More information
Package Management
Pacman is the package manager which tracks all the software installed on your system. It has simple dependency support and uses the standard gzipped tar archive format for all packages. Some common tasks you might need to use during installation, are explained below with their respective commands. For an extensive explanation of pacman's options, read man pacman or consult the Arch Linux Wiki.
Typical tasks:
Refreshing the package list
# pacman --sync --refresh
# pacman -Sy
This will retrieve a fresh master package list from the repositories defined in the /etc/pacman.conf file and decompress it into the database area.
Search the repositories for a package
# pacman --sync --search <regexp>
# pacman -Ss <regexp>
Search each package in the sync databases for names or descriptions that match regexp.
Display specific package info from the repository database
# pacman --sync --info foo
# pacman -Si foo
Displays information from the repository database on package foo (size, build date, dependencies, conflicts, etc.)
Adding a package from the repositories
# pacman --sync foo
# pacman -S foo
Retrieve and install package foo, complete with all dependencies it requires. Before using any sync option, make sure you refreshed the package list.
List installed packages
# pacman --query
# pacman -Q
Displays a list of all installed packages in the system.
Check if a specific package is installed
# pacman --query foo
# pacman -Q foo
This command will display the name and version of the foo package if it is installed, nothing otherwise.
Display specific package info
# pacman --query --info foo
# pacman -Qi foo
Displays information on the installed package foo (size, install date, build date, dependencies, conflicts, etc.)
Display list of files contained in package
# pacman --query --list foo
# pacman -Ql foo
Lists all files belonging to package foo.
Find out which package a specific file belongs to
# pacman --query --owns /path/to/file
# pacman -Qo /path/to/file
This query displays the name and version of the package which contains the file referenced by its full path as a parameter.
Pro některé související informace, které mohou ocenit nováčci, vizte Dodatek oficiálního průvodce instalací Arch Linuxu (anglicky).


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


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WASHINGTON -- Gen. John Allen has returned to Kabul to resume his duties as the top U.S. and NATO commander of the war in Afghanistan, more than a week after the Pentagon announced it is investigating potentially "inappropriate" correspondence between the four-star general and a woman linked to the David Petraeus sex scandal.
Lt. Col. Les Carroll, a spokesman for the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan, said Allen returned to work Wednesday.
Allen had been in Washington when news of his problematic email correspondence with Florida socialite Jill Kelley surfaced last Monday. He was expected to testify before a Senate committee last Thursday on his nomination to become the commander of U.S. European Command and the top NATO general. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta has put that nomination on hold.
At the time Panetta announced that the Pentagon inspector general is reviewing as many as 30,000 pages of Allen's correspondence with Kelley, Panetta said he had determined that Allen should remain in command in Kabul, pending the outcome of the probe.
Allen's predecessor as Afghanistan war commander, David Petraeus, resigned from his post as CIA director earlier this month after acknowledging an extramarital affair with his biographer, Paula Broadwell. The FBI learned of the affair as it investigated anonymous, harassing emails, ultimately traced to Broadwell, that were sent to Kelley. The FBI investigation also turned up the emails between Allen and Kelley.


text: Thursday, March 15, 2012 2012 Leadership Forum: Advocate, Govern, Lead The first APTA Leadership Forum, which combines the APTA Board of Directors Meeting, the Leadership Symposium for New Component Presidents and Executives, and the Federal Advocacy Forum into 1 conference, offers a special opportunity to convene with APTA leadership in Washington, DC, April 20-24. This unique gathering of APTA members and leaders promises to be a closely connected 4 days of in-depth skills-building, issue updates, and grassroots advocacy. Spaces are limited and some events are by invitation only. For a complete list of activities see the Leadership Forum schedule. The Federal Advocacy Forum requires a separate registration.


text:
Documentation: Tagged news and events, country pages
As you can see on the UK page, it is possible to display news or events that have a special tag, e.g. a country code. This helps setting up pages easily with specific news items or events. The list of people displayed on this same page has also been automated, so it makes it easy to implement your own country page.
Basic instructions
A tag should be in CamelCase except for special tags like
newsletter. So for instance, the tag "very important subject" should be
A tag should contain a
content attribute except for special tags.
<tag content="Windows Tax">WindowsTax</tag>
If you are translating, you should never edit what is "here" between
<tag>here</tag> but you can add a translated
content attribute. For instance, take an English file with:
"Ruling" in French would be "Décision de justice" so you should do:
<tag content="Décision de justice">Ruling</tag>
Tag pages, news and events
For most pages (when your file has the xhtml), the tags must be added within <html> </html> usually at the end.
A list of tags currently in use can be found here. We also have a list of all tagged pages, events and news. Please check these pages first to avoid making duplicated tags, use existing tags if possible to keep things consistent.
- For certain news item the tags must be within <news> </news> if your file has the xml extension:
<news> [...] <tags> <tag>front-page</tag> <tag content="Software Patents">Swpats</tag> <tag content="Novell">Novell</tag> </tags> </news>
- For events, within <event> </event>:
<event> [...] <tags> <tag>front-page</tag> <tag content="Italy">it</tag> </tags> </event>
Please note that only events and news items being tagged as front-page will appear on the front page of fsfe.org!
Tags should all be written in English; there is no need for translation since the tags do not appear online, but are used internally for filtering news items or events.
Using the fetch-news template
- the tag parameter defines what news will be displayed. If you are building up a country page, this is your country code. Leave blank if you wish to receive news items with any tags.
<xsl:with-param name="tag" select="'your tag'"/>
- the nb-items parameter determines how many news items will be displayed
<xsl:with-param name="nb-items" select="'x'" />
Using the fetch-newsletter template
Works exactly as the fetch-news template, but does not propose tagging yet.
Using the fetch-events template
fetch-events works in a very similar manner to fetch-news, tag and nb-items work the same way. Here are some addings:
- the wanted-time parameter defines what events you want to display, "past", "present" or "future"
<xsl:with-param name="wanted-time" select="'future|present|past'" />
- the header parameter determines the text that will be displayed on top of your block of events (used e.g. on events/events.xsl). Possible values are 'future', 'current' or 'past'. Leave blank if you don't want any header.
<xsl:with-param name="header" select="'future|current|past'" />
- the display-details parameter says if 'yes' or 'no' you will have the text of each event displayed along with its date and title.
<xsl:with-param name="display-details" select="'yes|no'" />
Implementing a country page
Implementing a country page won't take you long. United Kingdom and Germany country pages are a good example of what you can achieve easily and how.
The very first thing to do is to create a folder with your country
code, e.g. "/de", "/uk" or "/it" in the root folder of the fsfe-web
svn (you will see other country folders there).
You may want to copy the three common files you'll find in already existing country folders, e.g uk.en.xhtml, uk.xsl and uk.sources, and of course rename them accordingly.
2. You should not have to modify **.sources. You want to change the countrycode variable in the **.xsl file to your country code, modifying the following line.
<xsl:variable name="country-code">xx</xsl:variable>In the **.**.xhtml page, you should only change the identi.ca account, or deactivate it if your country team does not have one yet.
"user":"fsfeuk",Play further with this file if you want to change the display of your country page.
Using the country-people-list template
- (the call to country-people-list in **.xsl is responsible for the displayed people list)
- add the xx tag to corresponding people in /about/people/people.en.xml, e.g.
<person id="mueller" member="yes" teams="main, de">
People tagged with your country code will appear in your country page's people list. (If you want to add a person that is not there yet, be careful not to add him/her to the "main" team if he/she is not a member of it).
For people's pictures, you should put a 48*48 pixels picture in the /about/id folder named id-avatar.jpg. Then edit /about/people/people.en.xml and add a line for avatar to the picture URL.
Tagging author, date and download files
In order to give proper credits to the authors of articles you can add tags like these:
<author> <name>John Doe</name> <link>http://johndoe.me</link> <avatar>http://johndoe.me/me.png</avatar> </author> <!-- For FSFE team members, you can take the information directly from /about/people/people.en.xml, for instance: --> <author id="gerloff" /> <date> <revision content="2010-03-24" /> <original content="2009-11-27" /> </date> <!-- Feel free to add more than one revision tag if see fit --> <download type="pdf" content="/link/to/download-file.pdf" />
Bear in mind that these tags should be included like any other tags, that means they should be at the end, before </html>


text:
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|Related Articles, Events, Blog Posts, Discussions, Videos, Interviews
|Specialty Restaurant Broker Discusses Liquor Licenses & Working With The ABC
What you will read in this BizBen blog post you will probably not find in any manual or set of instructions provided by the ABC (liquor licenses in California). This blog post by Jeff Back (SF Bay Area Restaurant Broker Specialist) at 925-736-8200 discusses this topic of liquor licenses in detail.
|Buying A Restaurant With Financing: 5 Options For Restaurant Business Buyers
In this Discussion, Peter Siegel MBA (Business Purchase Financing Advisor at 925-785-3118) discusses financing of purchasing a small to mid-sized restaurant business (with or without real estate). When it comes to financing a restaurant, potential restaurant buyers have many options to choose from.
|Buying A Pizza Restaurant, Pizzeria Tips: What Pizzeria Buyers Need To Know
Peter Siegel, MBA discusses buying pizza restaurant for sale tips and what to watch out for. Topics: Owner involvement in the business as pizzerias are most successful when the owner is onsite.
|Tips From A Restaurant Broker - Check A Restaurant For Karma Before You Buy
Jeff Back (925-736-8200), a SF Bay Area broker specialist who specializes in selling restaurants discusses what he looks for when sizing up a potential restaurant for sale. Do the restaurants you're thinking of purchasing have good Karma? See Jeff's insights into this topic on restaurant karma.
|Why Restaurant Buyers Typically Fail: Best Pro Tips For Buying A Restaurant
Buying a restaurant (no matter what type) can have many pitfalls, and potential restaurant buyers should know how to avoid getting burned! Several restaurant intermediaries and advisors weigh in on this BizBen Discussion about the best way to find, purchase and run a restaurant successfully!
|Don't Buy A Restaurant Without Checking The Competition - Key Buying Tips
Looking to buy a restaurant business? Check out these tips first to avoid getting blindsided when you buy any type of small or mid-sized California restaurant. Peter Siegel, MBA (BizBen's ProBuy & ProSell Programs & Restaurant Purchase Financing Expert) at 925-785-3118 covers this topic for buyers.
|Buying A Restaurant Can Be Challenging: 3 Key Tips For Restaurant Buyers
People always need to eat; there should be plenty of business. Some restaurant buyers think there is prestige to owning a popular eating establishment. But it isn't an easy business purchase. Peter Siegel, MBA (BizBen Founder, ProBuy & ProSell Program Director at 925-785-3118) reviews this topic.
|Liquor License Assistance Consultant - San Francisco Bay Area - Jim Saxton
Jim Saxton - 20 years experience of local governmental requirements, such as Police Departments, Zoning / Planning Departments, ABC District Offices, my company Liquor Licenses of SF Bay Area is very qualified to resolve all of your concerns during the liquor license transfer process. 925-787-0770.
|See All News, Tips And Events


text:
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text:
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quality and commercial-free programs.
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Africa's Great Civilizations
African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross
Aging Backwards 3 with Miranda Esmonde-White
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American Masters: Bing Crosby Rediscovered
American Masters: Norman Lear
And Still I Rise: Black America Since MLK
Andrea Bocelli @ 60
Aretha Franklin Remembered
Back Care Basics: Yoga for the Rest of Us
Best of the Joy of Painting Special Edition
Better Brain Solution with Dr. Steven Masley
Betty White: First Lady of Television
Big Band Years
Brain Body Mind Connection
Brain Fit: 50 Ways to Grow Your Brain
Brain Fitness Program with Dr. Michael Merzenich
Brain Maker with David Perlmutter MD
Brain Secrets with Dr Michael Merzenich
Broadway Musicals A Jewish Legacy
Carol Burnett: A Celebration
Carpenters: Close to You
Chaka Khan Homecoming
Chesapeake Bay by Air
Chuck Berry: Brown Eyed Handsome Man
Classic Hollywood Musicals
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Concert for George
Count Basie: Through His Own Eyes
Daryl Hall and John Oates Live in Dublin
David Foster Tickets
Deepak Chopra: Spiritual Laws of Success
Dionne Warwick: Then Came You
Donny Osmond: One Night Only!
Doo Wop Generations
Downton Abbey
Dr Christiane Northrup: Glorious Women Never Age!
Dr. Perlmutter's Whole Life Plan
Duran Duran: A Diamond in the Mind
Durrells: What Happened Next
Earth's Sacred Wonders
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Easy Yoga for Diabetes with Peggy Cappy
Easy Yoga for Easing Pain
Easy Yoga: The Secret to Strength and Balance
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Elvis: Aloha from Hawaii
Energy Weight Loss Solution with Neal Barnard, MD
Engelbert Humperdinck in Hawaii
Evening with Lucia Micarelli
Everly Brothers: Harmonies from Heaven
Favorite Love Songs
Feel Better Fast and Make it Last
Feel Better with Pressure Point Therapy
Finding Your Roots: Map of Stars
Folk Legends: Isn't This a Time
Food Fix with Mark Hyman MD
Food: What the Heck Should I Eat?
Forever Wisdom of Dr. Wayne Dyer
Friar Alessandro: The Voice From Assisi
Get Down Tonight: The Disco Explosion
GI Jews: Jewish Americans in World War II
Great Scenic Railway Journeys: 150 Years on the Right Track
Growing Bolder's Launchpad to What's Next
Gutbliss with Dr. Robynne Chutkan
Healing Mind with Martin Rossman MD
Healthy Brain, Happy Life with Dr Suzuki
Henry Louis Gates Jr.: Uncovering America
History of Christianity
Hugs and Knishes: A Celebration of Our Jewish Foods and Traditions
Il Volo Ten Years
Incredible Aging: Adding Life to your Years
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Ireland's Wild Coast
Jeff Lynne's ELO: Live at Hyde Park
Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert
JFK: The Lost Inaugural Gala
Jimi Hendrix: Hear My Train A Comin'
John Denver: Country Boy
Joni 75: A Birthday Celebration
Joni Mitchell Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970
Joy Bauer's Food Remedies
Joy Bauer's From Junk Food to Joy Food
Judy Collins: A Love Letter to Stephen Sondheim
Julia Child: Best Bites
Ken Burns: Country Music Live at the Ryman
Keto Diet with Dr Josh Axe
Kinky Boots
Legends of Folk: the Village Scene
Leonard Cohen: Tower of Song
Les Miserables 25th Anniversary Concert at the O2
Les Miserables on Masterpiece
Life From Above: Moving Planet
Live Better Now with Mimi Guarneri MD
Longevity Paradox with Steven Gundry MD
Magic Moments: The Best of 50s Pop
Maya Angelou: And Still I Rise
Maybe it's You with Lauren Handel Zander
Meditation for All of Us
Mel Brooks and Carl Reiner Salute Sid Caesar
Memory Rescue with Daniel Amen MD
Michael Buble Tickets
Michael Buble Tour Stop 148
Migraine Solution
Mindfulness Goes Mainstream
Mister Rogers: It's You I Like
Mumford and Sons Live From South Africa: Dust and Thunder
My Generation: the 60s
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My Music: John Sebastian Presents: Folk Rewind
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Nat King Cole's Greatest Songs
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Nature: A Squirrel's Guide to Success
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Perry Como: Till the End of Time
Pete Seeger Tribute Concert: Woody's Children 50th Anniversary
Peter, Paul and Mary at Newport 1963-65
Potomac By Air: Our Nation's River
Power of Purpose with Richard Leider
Qi Gong for Beginners
Qi Gong for Weight Loss
Queen: Rock the World
Quilts of Valor II
Quincy Jones Presents Shelea
Reconstruction: After the Civil War
Relieving Stress with Yoga with Peggy Cappy
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Rhythm, Love and Soul
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Rick Steves European Travel Tips and Tricks
Rick Steves Fascism in Europe
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Rick Steves Hidden Europe
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Rick Steves' Great German Cities
Rick Steves' Italy: Cities of Dreams
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Rock Rewind: 1967-1969
Rock, Rhythm and Doo Wop
Rodgers and Hammerstein's Sound of Music Live
Rolling Stones: Sticky Fingers at the Fonda Theatre
Roy Orbison: Black and White Night 30
Sanditon on Masterpiece
Sesame Street: 50 Years and Still Sunny
Sgt Pepper's Musical Revolution
Simon and Garfunkel: The Concert in Central Park
Sister Acts
Sita Sings the Blues
Songbook Standards
Soundstage: Blues Summit in Chicago
Stonewall Uprising: American Experience
Story Songs
Straight From the Heart
Straight No Chaser: Songs of the Decades
Stronger Bones, Longer Life
Super Woman RX with Dr. Taz
Superstars of 70s Soul
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This is a once-in-a-lifetime gathering of the legends of 1970s Motown, R&B, Soul and Disco artists - all original performers, singing their greatest "jammin' oldies." Soul diva Patti LaBelle hosts this special.
6 CD Set: Superstars of 70s Soul
This collection of 6 CDs features original hits by the original artists.
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Here's an excerpt from my new book which Shambhala Sun Space has kindly put up. The book is, of course, Sex, Sin and Zen and it's out now at fine book stores everywhere.
You'll note that the excerpt is followed by a discussion of my use of the term "sexual preferences." One of the readers takes issue with this stating:
"The term "sexual preference" belittles the agony that gays and lesbians often must go through in order to become honest with themselves and others about who they are. Many don't make it that far, and they lose their lives. Others lose their lives through murder, at the hands of psychopaths who cannot tolerate their honesty. If sexual orientation were a simple matter of preference, and if people could just choose to "be without preference," as Brad suggests, then we wouldn't see a suicide rate among gay teens that's up to four times higher than that among heterosexual teens. Most of those kids, I assure you, aren't at peace with their "preferences" -- and they would probably choose differently, at that stage, if they had the power. They have "preferences" about the kinds of clothes they wear and the music they listen to and the movies they see and the places they hang out, but sexual identity is on another order of magnitude in terms of complexity. Its causes and conditions, as far as we understand (which, frankly, isn't very far), encompass both biology and psychology, nature and nurture."
There's lots more to the discussion than that, including some comments by Rod Meade-Sperry who put the excerpt up clarifying that I do not take the view in the book that sexual orientation is simply a matter of preference. But you can jump over there and read the rest if you want. Here's my answer:
An interesting discussion! The word "preference" here is indeed unfortunate. In the portion of the book excepted above I was trying to look at the Buddhist idea of "avoiding preferences." And so I was riffing on this word. I don't believe that one chooses to be gay rather than straight the same way one chooses to order strawberry ice cream instead of vanilla. And Dennis is correct, far too many people in our culture today seem to think it's something like that.
One of the many interesting aspects of Zen practice for me personally has been the discovery that there is a tremendous amount of variety in the thoughts and desires that arise in my mind once I stop working so hard at defining myself to myself. Among the many things I discovered was the fact that my own personal sexual orientation was not a fixed and rigid thing. Since I'm the kind of person I am, the idea that I could occasionally find men sexually appealing was not really a big shock. Some of the other stuff I recognized about myself was truly disturbing. That I could be attracted to men was no big deal, especially by comparison.
The point I'm clumsily trying to get at here is that sexual orientation -- hetero, homo, bi, trans, queer, etc. -- seems to me to be just one of a big stew of things we use to constantly define and reinforce our provisional sense of self. Ultimately it's all delusion, even when it's a provisionally useful delusion. Some of it may even be true as far as it goes. But it still falls short of who we really are.
I was trained in the Zen school where we are taught not to draw a hard line between ultimate and relative truth. The party line in Zen is that ultimate and relative truth are one and the same. Dennis is right about the orders of magnitude between preferring the Ramones to Air Supply as compared to one's sexual orientation. Still, as a Zen convert I'm stuck with having to make the point that it's all relative no matter how real it seems. But then again even the undeniable fact that I am a human being living on planet Earth is, too, just relative truth (and, as such, is also absolute truth). So this is a very big topic, far more than you could possibly do justice to in the comments section of a Shambhala Sun Space blog.
In the end, though, I'm still as hetero as I ever was. As Dennis points out, it's part of my personal karma. In spite of what I found through my practice, I can't just flip to the other side through an act of will. In my own case I'm lucky that there is no societal pressure to do so. It must be really horrible when there is.
But I find I'm more personally at ease with myself because I've been able to drop some of the very hard clinging I did to my sexual identity -- among many other aspects of identity. I imagine a lot of people could do with discovering these things about themselves. This is especially true for hetero folks like me, I think. And here's why.
We need to treat everyone we meet with respect and dignity regardless of their orientation. That's for sure! I believe that the Buddhist practice can help establish that by allowing more people to see how fluid their own identity -- sexual or otherwise -- actually is. Then we cease to view others as eternally different from ourselves.
Again, a plug for the two events I'm doing in New York next week. The first is a book signing at 7 pm on October 15th at the Iinterdependence Project in the East Village. Be there!
The following two days, October 16th and 17th, we're having a two-day non-residential retreat at the Interdependence Project in the East Village. This is a terrific opportunity for anyone who wants to get a real taste of what zazen is all about. The retreat is open to beginners, no experience necessary. It will be focused on shikantaza style zazen as taught by Dogen Zenji. It's non-residential, which means you get to go out and have a night on the town in Manhattan afterward instead of being cooped up with a bunch of Zen nerds all night.
And I would like to thank everyone who has been making use of the donation button up on the top left corner of this page. Every little bit helps a lot. Thanks!


text: Tuesday, January 08, 2013 Supreme Court Declines to Hear Challenge to Stem Cell Policy The Supreme Court will not hear a challenge to President Obama's policy of expanding government-funded research using embryonic stem cells that scientists say may offer hope for new treatments for spinal injuries and Parkinson disease, reports the Los Angeles Times. The court's action brings an end to a lawsuit that threatened to end all funding for such research. A federal judge in Washington in 2010 ordered the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to halt funding of the research, citing a long-standing congressional ban on spending for research in which "human embryos are destroyed." But an appeals court overturned that order and ruled last year that the ban applied only to research that destroyed human embryos so as to obtain stem cells. President George W. Bush in 2001 had allowed limited research on several stem cell lines that were already in existence. Upon taking office in 2009, President Obama went further and said NIH could conduct "scientifically worthy human stem cell research to the extent permitted by law." Under guidelines issued by NIH, researchers can used stem line cells derived from donated frozen embryos that are no longer needed for fertility treatments, says the article. Two researchers who work with adult stem lines brought the lawsuit to the high court. They were represented by several groups, including the Law of Life Project, whose general counsel called human stem cell research "an ethical tragedy as well as a waste of the taxpayer's money," the Times says.


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- Colourful
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Start on the right foot with good hygiene skills for little hands. These products are so good and ever-so-addictive; you'll be buying them for the whole family.
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Your Act-On account can work seamlessly with your Salesforce.com Unlimited, Enterprise, or Professional Edition account. And using Act-On's native, out-of-the-box integration, you can set up automatic, bi-directional synchronization between Salesforce and Act-On – easily, and in minutes.
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AOS, Art is Open Source, is an international informal network exploring the mutation of human beings with the wide and ubiquitous accessibility and availability of digital technologies and networks.
We move across arts and sciences, using technology, communication, performance, art and design, to instantiate emotional actions and processes that are able to expose the dynamics of our contemporary world.
We do this in academic, artistic, business and activist domains and, actually, we are focused on moving fluidly among each of these spaces.
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Art is Open Source by Salvatore Iaconesi & Oriana Persico is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.Based on a work at http://artisopensource.net/.Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://artisopensource.net/.


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If you are looking for a conveyancing solicitor in Leeds we can help you. Our conveyancing solicitors offer a convenient, efficient, and friendly conveyancing service to clients in Leeds, throughout West Yorkshire and all over England, Wales and beyond.
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The International Piano Series presents the most prestigious pianists on the concert platform, showcasing the talents of the grand masters alongside the best of a current generation of rising stars.
In 2019/20 we welcome global superstar Daniil Trifonov; Stephen Hough performs a thoughtful mix of Chopin, Busoni and Liszt; Paul Lewis concludes his multi-year exploration of the piano works of Haydn, Beethoven and Brahms; and Pierre-Laurent Aimard pairs Beethoven's mighty Hammerklavier Sonata with Charles Ives – plus more recitals from returning artists and new faces.
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Nikki & Tony – 2377d
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Tim Boothby specializes in event photography, weddings, fan photography, cosplay photography, and photojournalism in southwest Idaho — Tim is a fixture in Boise Fan Conventions such as Fandemonium, FurIdaho and Tomodachi Fest, taking thousands of pictures of convention guests in the photo rooms and hosting six themed cosplay photo shoots every year to showcase the thriving fan culture in Idaho to the world. — Tim also works in more conventional and commercial areas of photography such as senior pictures, portraits and headshots, product photography, group and team photography, and family photography, all with a close-in personal style that captures the personality of his models.
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|open the lock
|Level 8 - Demanding
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|3D Wooden Puzzles, Jean Claude Constantin, Maze Puzzles
|20cm x 13cm x 2.2cm / 8 in x 5 in x .85 in
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Another multiple-peg puzzle from Jean-Claude Constantin. The pegs can move from side to side while the sliding piece can move up and down. In order to solve the puzzle, all four pegs must be navigated through their respective mazes.
Made in laser-cut wood, acrylic, and stainless steel by Jean-Claude Constantin. Jean-Claude Constantin lives in Germany, where he designs and manufactures many different wood and metal puzzles, as well as magic tricks.
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Spa inspired mild lotion hand soap with pleasant fragrance.
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NIR Baseline Calibrations
You are here
A set of baseline calibrations will be taken for all Gemini queue observations in order to ensure the long-term utility of the data in the archive. This baseline calibration set varies from mode to mode, but includes all the data deemed necessary to produce scientifically useful data. PIs are free to request additional calibrations beyond the baseline set, however, all calibrations, baseline or additional, must be specified by the PI in the Phase II definition. The difference between baseline and requested calibrations is that baseline calibrations are not charged to the program, while any additional calibrations are charged to the program. The table below describes the calibrations for each wavelength regime and delineates which are included in the baseline set. Instrument-specific variations are noted.
Baseline calibration data have no proprietary period and are publicly available in the archive as soon as they are uploaded. These observations may be executed from a shared "Basecal" program (for shared configurations) or from within each science program. Time used to obtain baseline calibrations between nautical evening twilight and nautical morning twilight is charged to the partner country associated with the program or programs (i.e., "Nighttime Partner Calibration"). Time between morning and evening twilight is not charged (i.e., "Daytime Calibration"). Any time required for additional calibrations requested by the PI is charged to the program (i.e., "Nighttime Program Calibration"). To ensure proper time accounting, please set the Observation Class correctly on all calibration observations. Examples of baseline calibration observations are available in the OT libraries for each
|Imaging 1-2.5 µm
|Imaging >2.5 µm
|Spectroscopy 1-2.5 µm
|Spectroscopy >2.5µm
|Bad pixel mask
|Can be derived nightly from GCAL flats and short darks; a "canned" BPM may be available in the instrument IRAF package.
|GCAL Flat Fields
|GCAL imaging flats specified in the Phase II will be taken the morning after the science observations; these should include shutter-open and shutter-closed exposures to allow for correction of thermal emission, dark current, and hot pixels.
|GCAL cannot be used for L and M-band imaging due to saturation of the array.
|GCAL spectroscopic flats1 will be taken either with the science program at night, or the following morning. See the OT library for each instrument for examples and more details.
|Sky Flat Fields
|Not part of the baseline calibration set. At L and M sky flats are the only flats available and must be derived from the program data; at shorter wavelengths sky flats may be substituted for GCAL flats. In some cases dark current stability can limit the accuracy of the sky flats, so you may wish to specify dark frames.2
|Not applicable
|If desired, dark frames for science exposures can be defined and will be taken as daytime calibrations (not during the night). These are recommended for NIFS observations, to identify hot pixels. It is expected that most PIs will use "sky" frames to remove dark current (in addition to sky). Short darks (~1s) are taken daily for all instruments to assess readnoise and identify bad pixels.
|Wavelength calibration
|Not applicable
Ar and/or Xe arc lamp measurements should be specified in the science observation for each spectral setting.
In some cases,3 a corresponding "lamp off" exposure
should be included.
For GNIRS in it highest resolution mode, in some cases the limited spectral coverage does not in include enough arc lines for an accurate calibration; sky lines in the science and/or telluric standard exposures are used instead.
|Sky lines present in the science data are used to determine the wavelength calibration.
|Telluric standard
|Not applicable
|We will observe one telluric standard per science target for every 1.5 hours of clock time on the science target. Continuous observations of the science target may be up to 3 hours in length, bracketed by two telluric standards.
|We will observe one telluric standard per science target for every 1 hour of clock time on the science target. Continuous observations of the science target may also be up to 2 hours in length, bracketed by two telluric standards.
|PIs should include two standards in every observation group: one suitable for observation before the science target, and one suitable for after the science target. See our telluric standards page for more information.
|Flux standard
|We will observe one photometric standard for every 2 hours of clock time on the science target. The PI should supply one standard before and one after the science observation in order to give a good airmass match. See our photometric standards page for more information. Photometric accuracy is limited to ~10% by the uncertainty in the (unmeasured) atmospheric extinction.
|Not part of the baseline calibration set 4
|Atmospheric extinction
|Not part of the baseline calibration set.
|Point Spread Function
|Not part of the baseline calibration set.
|World coordinate system
|Written in the header of all images. The WCS is accurate to approximately one arcsec.
|Spatial Rectification mask (i.e., for S-distortion correction)
|Not applicable
GNIRS:for cross-dispersed data an appropriate pinhole mask spectrum should be defined with the flatfields; for long slit, a pinhole can be specified if desired.
NIFS: a "Ronchi" calibration mask spectrum is provided for each wavelength setting.
|Focal plane mask image
|Not applicable
|The slit or IFU will be imaged without the disperser as part of the acquisition sequence.
|Radial Velocity or Line index Standards
|Not applicable
|Not part of the baseline calibration set.
1 Where necessary, flats taken with the calibration unit make use of shutter open and closed images to allow correction of dark current and hot pixels. NIRI spectroscopic flats typically only include shutter-open exposures, as the contribution from the background is negligible, and the dark current can be removed using daytime darks. NIFS daytime calibration templates include "lamp off" flats to remove dark current.
The calibration unit produces a beam that matches the telescope pupil very well except that it contains no central obscuration. The light path between GCAL and the instrument excludes the primary and secondary mirrors as well. The GCAL illumination is therefore subtly different from that of sky flats. Sky flats can be constructed
from data that sees exactly the same pupil. For narrow band filters in the 1-2.5 microns region dark current subtraction can be important for making sky flats and variations of dark current over periods of a few hours can limit their accuracy. Therefore, we recommend that GCAL flats be obtained (in the daytime). If for some reason sky flats are desired for 1-2.5 micron narrow band imaging, then dark current images should be taken at the same time as the data to be used to construct sky flats (note that the program will be charged for this time). For 3-5 micron imaging exposure times are very short, dark current is a miniscule effect compared to the background, and it is not necessary to obtain darks during nighttime.
GCAL imaging flats are reproducible from night to night to about 0.3% i.e. the sensitivity of a given pixel varies by 0.3% over many nights as measured by GCAL. Obviously, for a star that subtends many pixels, the photometric accuracy will be approximately 0.3% divided by the square root of the number of pixels.
3 Darks are taken for NIFS arcs to remove hot pixels which would complicate the wavelength calibration process.
4 Flux calibration is inaccurate because of slit losses, which vary somewhat with wavelength (due to differential refraction and the wavelength dependence of seeing). For this reason, spectrophotometric standards are not done as part of the standard baseline calibration. The accuracy for which the relative flux density of a telluric standard is known is probably better than 10% for a given atmospheric window, 10-20% for the full range of a cross-dispersed spectrum. If the project requires more accurate flux calibration than this, the observer has two choices:
- Ensure that photometry is already available for the science targets, and normalize the spectra.
- Request time with photometric conditions for additional observations of the target and a flux calibrator with a wide slit to provide the normalization.


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Here's your much anticipated kitchen cabinet reveal – wahoo!! Now note, I did not say "kitchen reveal" – this post is all about the cabinets. The kitchen is still a work in progress – the counter guys come measure today and install next Friday (wahoo!!) – we ended going with Quartz/Silestone and I'm pretty excited about our choice. The pulls/handles are on order, 3 weeks out. And we have some big decisions to make on backsplash tile and lighting. So when all that happens, I'll take lots of great pictures.
But for now, the cabinets!! First let me warn you – if you are one of those who are against painting over wood (I know there are lots of you out there) then you might just want to stop reading right now, cause that's what I did…
(EVEN MORE updated "after" picture down below….)
I was sent a Rustoleum Cabinet Transformations kit – so big thanks to Rustoleum. I would highly recommend the kit! I used the one called "Castle" – you can see all kinds
Oh, and it came with a how-to DVD – I watched it twice to be sure I was going to get everything right!
Once again, BEFORE:
You never realize how many cabinets you have until all the doors are spread out – then I thought I might be over my head. But it's doable!
I had my minions helping with transporting the doors as I removed them:
Then you clean them. Then you deglaze them with a special cleaner. I wonder if I could have combined these two steps. For a timeline, I spent one day removing all the doors, one day washing all the doors, and one day deglazing all the doors (with help from my sister-in-law Krista! it goes so much faster when you have someone to yap to while you're working).
I was on a roll. If I would have stayed focused, I think I could have had the whole thing done in a week. After deglazing you paint on 2 coats of base color. So maybe a day each coat. Then a day to do the glaze and a day to do the protective topcoat. But I wasn't focused, so it took me a while! Because on Saturdays we were still going to piano recitals and pinewood derbys, etc and same thing in the evenings, and during the day there was something about paying attention to the kids – you know, just busy with life.
And I would do things like my hair instead (hey! me of the past – quit doing your hair and get busy painting those cabinets behind you!)
We added a few upgrades to our kitchen as we went. Like the AMAZING drawer built into the dead space under your cabinet – genius idea found on pinterest from Family HandyMan. Most noticeable is the end shelf thing – we had a pretty big space at the end of our "L" so we wanted to extend out the counter. We thought about adding another cabinet but knew we couldn't get one to match exactly, so a shelf was the winner of the idea:
He also pried off the fake drawer front that's in front of the sink, added hinges, and made a little tilt-out box for it – that's super fun:
And where we used to have a cooktop, he pried that fake drawer front off and made it an actual drawer. It's my favorite drawer and has lots of built-in dividers. He was great to involve the kids in the building:
The glaze adds so much depth and gives the cabinets a more high-end look. I talk all about the glaze in this Kitchen Preview Post. That post shows a picture of cabinets glazed and not glazed, but here's another picture for you as well – glazed on the left, unglazed on the right.
I was a little nervous about the glazing step because I haven't really done any glazing, but it wasn't hard at all. You just brush on the glaze all over. Then you use a rag and wipe off the glaze. It will leave behind some glaze, and that's the look – it settles into your wood grain and cabinet details. And yep, you need to do the backs as well. It's not perfect, but no one but me knows.
One hint I have about glazing is to do it all within a couple of days. Along the same lines, just have one person do the glazing – everyone will have a slightly different hold and pressure. Because I glazed all the bases before vacation, then came back a couple of weeks later and did all the doors. Well, I had a different hold on the rag and didn't even know it. So the bases in this one section are lighter (I wiped off more glaze) then the doors (when I was in the mode to leave on a little more glaze). I fixed everywhere but here by adding another light layer of glaze, but I wanted to show you the difference:
Some side-by-side pics for ya:
oh, and with our uppers, since we added that open shelf down low, I decided to make the middle section open shelving – it still needs trim to make it look like it's supposed to be shelving and not just a cabinet with the doors off:
So, still a work in progress, but I am LOVING my cabinets. The Rustoleum Cabinet Transformation kits run about $80. My neighbor just got a bid to repaint her cabinets, for $3,500 – what!?! It was for the nice spray technique, but still, seems pretty pricey. Think of all the money you'll save painting your own cabinets instead of hiring it out or getting new cabinets.
So, to recap:
–I LOVED the kit because it did all the thinking for me – I didn't have to figure out what gloss or what sealer or what color – it just all came in one box. So perfect.
–I used 1 large kit – I thought I would need 2 because of the open shelving spots but the 1 kit really went a long way. To give you an idea on size, it came with 1 gallon of gray paint.
–Great instructional video, so even a beginner can give this a try.
It does take work, but it's not hard. Just involved. You Can Do It!!


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Harbord Insurance Services-
150-805 Cloverdale Ave.
Victoria, British Columbia 27540
Our Holly Springs dental practice is located in the Holly Springs Towne Center and also near the surrounding cities of Cary, Apex, Fuquay-Varina, and Raleigh, NC. We have an experienced dentists and pediatric dentists in Holly Springs, NC. Our Holly Springs dentists provides quality dental care for all general, pediatric, and preventive dental needs. The Friendly Dental Group is one of the best d
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|Gingerbread Tree
Give your yard a tasty treat this winter with gingerbreadmen! Tallest is 28"H
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Sherwood Creations Inc. was established in 1996 with one goal in mind, to create and design original, easy to follow, full size woodcraft plans and patterns and offer them to you at an affordable price. Ten years later Sherwood is still providing outstanding woodcraft patterns, plans and templates for unique yard art, useful household items and crafts, along with tools and supplies to help you. In 2003, Sherwood added full size color prints as a woodcraft decal for the woodworker who enjoys cutting wood more than he does painting. Sherwood offers their woodcraft patterns & plans in their free mail order catalog and free patterns and free plans are also available online.
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