text:
On Monday, the 28th of March, Dimitri and Lambro Triantos (from IKN or ICC the Netherlands) visited some companies. There are many companies who donate products which IKN sends to the ICC Children's Villages.
Here is an overview of their visit on that day:
At 10:00 a.m. Dimitri and Lambro Triantos visited Enza Zaden in Enkhuizen. The company donated over 350 containers for planting seeds. These containers will be distributed later this year to the ICC Children's Villages in Romania and the Dominican Republic.
At 11:30 a.m. Dimitri and Lambro visited the company N.A.G. in Westknollendam. Robin Visser, director of the company, which specializes in gutter systems, decided a few weeks ago to support the bakery in Romania by supplying roof gutters for the bakery. His father, Herman Visser, and a colleague will travel to Romania this summer to install the roof gutters themselves.
Dimitri and Lambro got a tour through the company and were introduced to an ingenious system called Roof Alerts. Anyone who is interested in roofs, should go to http://www.roofalerts.com.
Rehamij in Bergambacht was the final stop for the day. Dimitri and Lambro arrived there at 2:30 p.m. They were received by Jason van Rijen. The company specializes in selling work clothes. IKN received a number of boxes with CAT clothing. The clothing will be used for mission trip volunteers and the team of ICC Romania.
Thanks for reading!
Kent Greve
International Development Director ICC


text:
- Font:
- +
- -
President Barack Obama said Monday that the United States will always be a AAA-rated country, responding to Standard & Poor's decision late Friday to cut the long-term debt rating for the U.S. by one notch to AA+ from AAA.
Speaking on the downgrade issue at the White House Monday afternoon, Obama urged lawmakers to work together to tackle the nation's deficit.
More on the financial crisis
Fed, with few cards, makes unusual pledge
The Federal Reserve's highly unusual promise — to keep interest rates low for "at least" two more years — comes as the central bank is running out of options to reassure panicky markets.
- Economic uncertainty feels like normal now
- Tough decisions ahead to get AAA rating back
- Economy is a bigger problem than any downgrade
- As market melts down, some are saying 'Buy!'
- EU bank chief: Markets 'in worst crisis since WWII'
- As markets tank, financial planners advise calm
- Fed, with few cards, makes unusual pledge
"We didn't need a rating agency to tell us we need a balanced, long-term approach to deficit reduction," he said. "My hope is that Friday's news will give us a renewed sense of urgency."
Earlier, in an interview on NBC and CNBC, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said the rating agency "has shown really terrible judgment" and claimed its downgrade wouldn't affect investors' faith in U.S. debt.
Standard & Poor's Monday downgraded the credit ratings of dozens of U.S. government-related bond issues as officials for the rating agency continued to defend their actions, which caused stock markets to plunge around the world.Story: Slow economy is a worse problem than any downgrade
The agency lowered the formerly top-notch ratings on bonds issued by mortgage lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as well as farm lenders; long-term U.S. government-backed debt issued by 32 banks and credit unions; and three major clearinghouses, which are used to execute trades of stocks, bonds and options.
All the downgrades were from AAA to AA+. S&P says the agencies and banks all have debt that is exposed to economic volatility and a further downgrade of long-term U.S. debt.
The moves Monday followed S&P's decision late Friday to cut the long-term debt rating for the U.S. by one notch to AA+ from AAA. Friday's downgrade wasn't unexpected, but it comes when investors are already feeling nervous about a weak U.S. economy, European debt problems and Japan's recovery from its March earthquake.
S&P managing director John Chambers, speaking on msnbc's "Morning Joe," said it was unlikely that the agency would restore the nation's AAA rating anytime soon.
"If you corrected the political settings that would certainly improve the credit standing," he said. "But let's not forget the damage that has been done to the credibility outside the United States about this debacle over raising the debt ceiling."Story: Nightmare on Wall Street; Dow takes 635-point tumble after S&P downgrades US credit
He said it was "unimaginable" that the government came within 10 hours of having a major cash-flow crisis.
"This simply does not exist with other governments," he said.
Chambers said that five countries had previously lost their AAA status and then subsequently regained it: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland and Sweden.
"All of them undertook significant fiscal reform that markedly reduced their level of debt to GDP," he said.
Chambers said it took the five countries from nine to 18 years to regain AAA status.Story: As markets tank, financial planners advise calm
Officials at Standard & Poor's say they will also indicate shortly how local and state governments will be affected by their decision on Friday to lower the long-term U.S. debt from AAA to AA+.
Chambers said on Sunday there is a one in three chance of a further U.S. credit rating downgrade over the next six months to two years.
"We have a negative outlook ... from six months to 24 months," he said on ABC's "This Week."
Moody's, another of the other key credit-rating agencies, on Monday stood by its top Aaa rating for the United States. It said it could downgrade the U.S. if it doesn't improve its long-term finances by cutting its deficit, "but it is early to conclude that such measures will not be forthcoming."
The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
These are the ten topics that I felt were the most popular with the sales teams and customers I worked with in 2010. As with last year's list, this year's based solely on my own experience. No way I'm going to try to reconcile my colleagues' opinions and come up with a composite list :) There are just too many opinions around for that. I'll stick with mine, start at the top, and work…Continue
Added by david t on January 8, 2011 at 1:00am — No Comments
© 2020 Created by channeldb2. Powered by


text:
A wet and sometimes chilly week awaits for Yorkshire as the poor start to August continues.
The Met Office has warned that temperatures are not expected to rise much above 20 degrees with freshening winds likely to affect most parts. Here is our guide to the week ahead from the Met Office, Sky News Weather and the BBC.


text:
I want to append
#SB# at the beginning of every line where it matches a given string
sed -i -e'/test1/s/^/#SB#/g' file1
sed -i -e'/test2/s/^/#SB#/g' file1
sed -i -e'/test4/s/^/#SB#/g' file1
/apps/pmserver $ cat file1
00 45 /ser/bat/ab.sh test1
00 45 /ser/bat/ab.sh test2
00 45 /ser/bat/ab.sh test3
00 45 /ser/bat/ab.sh test4
/apps/pmserver $
I am using Korn Shell.
I can output to a new file but it doesn't work if I have more than one
sed statement in a script as shown above. I am getting error
sed: Not a recognized flag: i
What I am trying to do is comment out a few
crontab entries belonging to particular team. test1 test2... are their file names and these need to be turned off.


text:
I was attending a conference where people started discussing about the reason behind the name for Smoke tests.
Someone told that 'Smoke test' term came from electronics where it defines the testing that is done when the circuit is tested first time with the power flowing through it. It is actually to verify that 'No Smoke' is seen in any part of the circuit to ensure it is completely correct.
In software we actually use Smoke Tests to quickly verify the critical areas of the software to ensure that the changes have not broken the software in any form. But why is it called Smoke test in software? Does the software produce smoke if it does not work correctly?
Per Wiki, w.r.t. Software, Smoke testing is a preliminary to further testing, which should reveal simple failures severe enough to reject a prospective software release. In this case, the smoke is metaphorical.
So Smoke tests are actually to verify that after the integration, circuits/software behave correctly and are ready for further testing if there is no smoke coming out of it.
I was just thinking that instead of calling them 'Smoke Tests' will it make more sense to call these kind of tests as "No Smoke Tests"!
Please feel free to share your thoughts on the same.


text:
—Arthur Rimbaud
About me
I use this username (aka বাংলা: মহীন রীয়াদ, Moheen Reeyad, সাঁওতালি: ᱢᱳᱦᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱫᱽ) for all Wikimedia projects from December 28, 2010; since then 9 years, 2 months and 1 day have passed.
I am affiliated with the Wikimedia movement, and involved in doing Wikimedia offline—working actively for the Wikimedia Bangladesh; where currently serve as a board member (since 2016). Also, serve as a Community Director of the Chattogram Wikipedia Community, which was started in early 2014 as a first local user community from Bangladesh.
If in case anyone cares, I have administrator rights on Wikimedia Commons (verify), Bengali Wikipedia (verify), Bengali Wikivoyage (verify), and also active on several other projects, like Wikipedia, Wikidata, and sometimes in SWMT (as SWMT member).
All of my contributions on Wikimedia projects can be found via CentralAuth (also on Matrix page). Former online ambassador on Wikipedia, currently working for the Wikimedia's Global renamers, and OTRS team.
I hail from Bangladesh and live in Chattogram. Outside Wikipedia, I am working on several freelancing works and involved with the Creative Commons Bangladesh, OpenStreetMap community, Google Local Guides community, and other few communities in Bangladesh who support the Open Source Initiative.
To communicate with me, you better off to my talk page for the specific discussion, and you should leave a message there. You are more than welcome to contact me.
Vielen Dank!
My work
Current projects
Upcoming projects
- Wikimedia Photowalk Chattogram
Past projects
- Wikipedia
- Bangla Wikipedia Open Access Week Edit-a-thon 2018
- Bangla Wikipedia Open Access Week Edit-a-thon 2019
- Translating Chattogram-Munich 2019 (1-30 May 2019)
- Wikipedia Asian Month (2018)
- Wikipedia Asian Month (2019)
- Commons
- Picture of the Year 2016, Team working
- Picture of the Year 2017, Team working
- SVG Translation Campaign 2019 in India
- WLE Bangladesh (2017)
- WLE Bangladesh (2018)
- WLE Bangladesh (2019)
- WLM Bangladesh (2016)
- WLM Bangladesh (2017)
- WLM Bangladesh (2018)
- WLM Bangladesh (2019)
- 100wikicommonsdays (2017.04-2017.05)
- Outrich
- Wikicamp Chattogram 2019 (April 2019)
- Wiki Loves Butterfly, Team working
- Wikipedia to the Moon, Team working
- See all projects
Contact me
|This user is involved in Wikimedia Bangladesh.
|This user is a member of the OTRS response team and has a page on Wikimedia OTRS-wiki.
|This user is a global renamer. (verify)
|This user is an administrator on the Bengali Wikipedia (verify·CA).
|This user is an administrator on Bengali Wikivoyage. (verify)
|This user is one of the organizers of Wikipedia Asian Month.
|This user is one of the organizers of Wiki Loves Earth
|This user is one of the organizers of Wiki Loves Monuments
This user has the ORCID identifier:
IRC-Nick: MoheenReeyad
bn-N | ctg-N | en-3
|Authority control


text:
GOP Lawmaker in Missouri Reveals He Is Gay; Protests Bill on Sex Education
A Republican state representative in Missouri says he decided to come forward and confess that he is a homosexual out of frustration with a bill in the state legislature that would restrict the discussion of sexual orientation in public schools.
Rep. Zach Wyatt, the 28-year-old first-term lawmaker from a rural district, sent a letter to his constituents earlier in the week saying he was opposed to the bill but did not discuss or reveal his sexual identity until Wednesday.
"Today I ask you to stand with me as a proud Republican, a proud veteran, and a proud gay man who wants to protect all kids, addressing bullying in our schools," Wyatt told his colleagues and reporters in a conference room in the state capitol on Wednesday.
In an unusual move for a first-term lawmaker, Wyatt made headlines last month when he announced he would not seek reelection to the seat he won in 2010, saying instead he plans to study Marine Biology at the University of Hawaii. A few weeks later he criticized his fellow Republican lawmakers for their lack of action on a resolution that was filed to bring impeachment proceedings against a circuit court judge.
"I will not lie to myself anymore about my own sexuality," said Wyatt, who admitted he had been living in a "glass house."
"It has probably been the hardest thing to come to terms with. I have always ignored it. I didn't even think about it or want to talk about it. I've not been immune to it. I hear the comments, usually the snide ones, about me," Wyatt said.
The piece of legislation that brought the issue to light is House Bill 2051 which would prohibit the discussion of sexual orientation in public school instruction except when discussing human reproduction or in scientific instruction. Critics of the bill have termed it the "don't say gay bill."
Prior to revealing that he is a homosexual, Wyatt spoke forcefully against the bill and encouraged the sponsor, Rep. Steve Cookson, to withdraw the bill.
"A lot of our schools within the state of Missouri do have the gay and straight alliance groups," Wyatt said last week. "Homosexuality should not be a Republican or Democrat issue. Ever since we were founded as a party, equal rights and freedoms have been our cornerstone of our party, and I think that we need to start living like that."
An assistant to Rep. Wyatt told The Christian Post that the Missouri legislature plans to adjourn on May 18 and that the bill will probably not be acted upon this session.


text: Monday, January 09, 2012 APTA Releases Practitioners Toolkit for Incorporating PT Services in the ED A new toolkit to help incorporate physical therapist (PT) practice in the emergency department (ED) setting now is available for APTA members. The toolkit describes recent trends in ED care, explains why building interprofessional relationships in the ED is crucial in this high-pressure and time-sensitive setting, and offers concrete steps for planning and establishing PT services in the ED. The many potential benefits of PTs in the ED setting—including increased patient satisfaction, decreased cost of unnecessary care, increased treatment and the number of service options, improved patient function and outcomes, and increased productivity and operations within the ED—are discussed, in addition to the types of patients and conditions managed by PTs in the ED. The toolkit also outlines the skills, knowledge, and abilities that a PT should possess to ensure success in the ED environment. Three case studies represent unique situations that are not unusual to the ED and illustrate the use of differential diagnosis and systematic problem solving. Access the toolkit via the Physical Therapist Practice in the Emergency Department Web page, which also provides links to APTA's podcast series on PT practice in the ED and educational courses. Contributors to this new resource include APTA members from the Federal Physical Therapy Section, Education Section, Section on Pediatrics, Section on Research, Orthopaedic Section, Acute Care Section, Section on Health Policy and Administration, Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Section.


text:
Serviços Personalizados
Links relacionados
- Citado por Google
- Similares em Google
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
versão On-line ISSN 2219-0635
versão impressa ISSN 0030-2465
Onderstepoort j. vet. res. vol.79 no.2 Pretoria Jan. 2012
New technologies to diagnose and monitor infectious diseases of livestock: Challenges for sub-Saharan Africa
Donald P. King; Miki Madi; Valerie Mioulet; Jemma Wadsworth; Caroline F. Wright; Begoña Valdazo-González; Nigel P. Ferris; Nick J. Knowles; Jef Hammond
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, United Kingdom
Using foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) as an example, this review describes new tools that can be used to detect and characterise livestock diseases. In recent years, molecular tests that can detect and characterise pathogens in a diverse range of sample types have revolutionised laboratory diagnostics. In addition to use in centralised laboratories, there are opportunities to locate diagnostic technologies close to the animals with suspected clinical signs. Work in this area has developed simple-to-use lateral-flow devices for the detection of FMD virus (FMDV), as well as new hardware platforms to allow molecular testing to be deployed into the field for use by non-specialists. Once FMDV has been detected, nucleotide sequencing is used to compare field strains with reference viruses. Transboundary movements of FMDV are routinely monitored using VP1 sequence data, while higher resolution transmission trees (at the farm-to-farm level) can be reconstructed using full-genome sequencing approaches. New technologies such as next-generation sequencing technologies are now being applied to dissect the viral sequence populations that exist within single samples. The driving force for the use of these technologies has largely been influenced by the priorities of developed countries with FMD-free (without vaccination) status. However, it is important to recognise that these approaches also show considerable promise for use in countries where FMD is endemic, although further modifications (such as sample archiving and strain and serotype characterisation) may be required to tailor these tests for use in these regions. Access to these new diagnostic and sequencing technologies in sub-Saharan Africa have the potential to provide novel insights into FMD epidemiology and will impact upon improved strategies for disease control.
Effective control of infectious diseases is reliant upon accurate diagnosis of clinical cases using laboratory tests, together with an understanding of factors that impact upon the epidemiology of the infectious agent. A wide range of new diagnostic tools and nucleotide sequencing methods are used by international reference laboratories to detect and characterise the agents causing outbreaks of infectious diseases. In the past, high costs (initial capital expenses, as well as day-to-day maintenance and running costs) and complexity of the protocols used to perform some of these tests have limited the use of these methods in smaller laboratories. However, simpler and more cost-effective formats are now being developed that offer the prospect that these technologies will be even more widely deployed into laboratories particularly those in developing regions of the world such as sub-Saharan Africa.
Foot-and-mouth disease
This short review focuses on foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and highlights new diagnostic approaches that can be used to detect and characterise pathogens causing livestock diseases. Foot-and-mouth disease is a trans-boundary viral disease that is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, much of south Asia (Middle East, Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia) and parts of South America. The causative agent, FMD virus (FMDV), is a picornavirus (genus: Aphthovirus) with a positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 8300 nucleotides in length. Foot-and-mouth disease virus exists as seven genetically discrete serotypes, five of which are currently endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. This virus causes an acute disease in cloven-hoofed animals (i.e. cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and buffalo) that is associated with the development of vesicles on epithelial surfaces of the mouth and feet. Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection also generates a transient viraemia in infected animals that typically lasts for approximately five days (Figure 1; Alexandersen et al. 2003).
Tests that exploit these clinical windows in an infected animal form the basis of laboratory approaches currently used to diagnose FMD. These assays aim to detect FMDV in epithelium and fluid from vesicles, as well as in blood and swabs from mucosal surfaces (oral and nasal swabs). In addition, FMDV-specific antibody responses in exposed animals can be detected using serological assays; however these methods are not discussed in this review. In general terms, the virological assays utilise three different strategies: propagation of FMDV, detection of viral antigenic proteins, or use of molecular assays to amplify specific RNA sequences. The earliest versions of these tests exploited approaches that were largely used to propagate FMDV for vaccine production (Brown 2003). Although initially developed during the 1920s and used up until the 1950s, the obvious disadvantages of these systems placed limitations on their use for wide scale FMD diagnostics. Indeed, these systems were superseded by improved highly sensitive in-vitro cell cultures used to propagate FMDV, such as primary bovine thyroid cells (Snowdon 1966), permanent pig kidney cultures (IB-RS-2; De Castro 1964) and more recently a goat tongue cell line (Brehm et al. 2009). Virus isolation approaches can be highly sensitive (depending upon the cell culture system used) although it can be slow taking between one and four days to generate a result. Propagation of FMDV in cell cultures is still widely considered to be the 'gold-standard' test for FMD diagnosis.
The development and establishment of cell culture systems has been paralleled by improvements to immunological (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays: ELISA) assays designed to detect FMDV antigen using polyclonal antisera (Ferris et al. 1988) or characterised monoclonal antibody reagents (Ferris et al. 2011). Capture ELISAs are more rapid than virus isolation, but they have lower analytical sensitivity and are also inappropriate for use with certain sample types such as blood, milk and swabs. More recently, lateral-flow devices (LFDs, also referred to as immuno-chromatographic strip tests) have been developed for the detection of FMD viral antigen. These simple-to-use and rapid tests utilise FMDV specific antibody reagents (normally monoclonal antibodies) in a format similar to the sandwich capture ELISA used for laboratory diagnosis. Positive test signal is generated by the diffusion of coloured, antibody-coated latex beads or colloidal gold particles through a membrane towards an immobilising band of trapping antibody. An LFD has been developed for the detection of all seven FMDV serotypes which uses a pan-serotypic monoclonal antibody (Ferris et al. 2009). In addition, sample preparation in field conditions can be achieved using simple disposable tissue homogenizers for preparing epithelial suspensions. In terms of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, the overall performance of this
LFD is similar to laboratory-based antigen ELISA, although the diagnostic sensitivity of the current test is lower for SAT 2 field strains (Ferris et al. 2009). This LFD and a simple homogenising kit is now commercially available (via Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Svanova, Uppsala, Sweden). Data from the field illustrates the potential for the LFD to be used in locations close to animals to provide rapid support to veterinarians in their clinical assessment of suspected FMD cases. The simplicity and stability of the LFD may be important features for FMD diagnosis in sub-Saharan African countries. In particular, ability to rapidly recognise FMDV in clinical material may improve the selection of diagnostic samples that are shipped to reference laboratories for subsequent isolation and/or strain characterisation. In addition, recent results have also indicated that it is possible to recover RNA from FMDV positive LFDs that can be used in rRT-PCR assays and sequencing studies. Further LFD assays are now in development and future formats, such as the SAT 2 device that has recently been evaluated (Ferris et al. 2010), may also allow rapid serotyping of field strains.
Polymerase chain reaction technologies for foot-and-mouth disease virus detection
Amplification of specific nucleic acid sequences using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is now widely used for the laboratory detection of FMDV. These molecular assays are suitable for the diverse range of different samples that might be submitted for laboratory investigation (tissues, blood, swabs, oesophageal or pharyngeal (OP) scrapings, faecal samples and milk). Over the past 15 years, improvements have been made to RT-PCR protocols used for the detection of FMDV. Initially, assays that targeted conserved regions of the genome (3D: Meyer et al. 1991; Rodriguez et al. 1994 and 5' untranslated region [5' UTR], Reid et al. 2000) utilised agarose gel electrophoresis for the detection of amplified products. However, these labour intensive procedures have a high risk of generating false positives due to carry-over of chain reaction (PCR) amplicons and are therefore not generally considered ideal for routine testing of large numbers of samples. Real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assays have now largely replaced agarose gel based assay formats. These more rapid fluorescence-based approaches are highly sensitive enabling simultaneous amplification and quantification of FMDV specific nucleic acid sequences. In addition to enhanced sensitivity, the benefits of these closed-tube rRT-PCR assays over conventional endpoint detection methods include a reduced risk of cross-contamination, their large dynamic range, an ability to be scaled up for high-throughput applications and the potential for accurate target quantification. Several assays have been developed to detect FMDV that use 5'-nuclease assay (TaqMan®) system to detect PCR amplicons (Callahan et al. 2002; Oem et al. 2005; Reid et al. 2002). Other formats exploited for FMDV-specific rRT-PCR assays include the use of modified minor groove binder (MGB) probes (McKillen et al. 2011; Moniwa et al. 2007), hybridisation probes (Moonen et al. 2003), Primer-probe energy transfer (PriProET: Rasmussen et al. 2003) and RT-linear-after-the-exponential PCR (LATE PCR: Reid et al. 2010). In order to minimise human operator errors and increase assay throughput, these assays can be automated using robots for nucleic acid extraction (Reid et al.; Moonen et al. 2003). Together with the implementation of quality control systems, these improvements have increased the acceptance of the rRT-PCR assays for routine diagnostic purposes.
In addition to use in centralised laboratories, there are opportunities to deploy rRT-PCR technologies close to the animals with suspect clinical signs. These test formats may be particularly suitable for use in FMD-endemic areas such as countries within sub-Saharan Africa where the time taken to collect and dispatch samples to a laboratory for disease investigation can be protracted. Work in this area has explored the use of new hardware platforms to allow PCR testing to be deployed into the field for use by non-specialists (Callahan et al. 2002; Hearps, Zhang & Alexandersen 2002; King et al. 2008). The focus of current work is the development of hardware platforms (Madi et al. 2011) incorporating a simple-to-use and robust template extraction process such that all the steps of the assay can be performed without user intervention. These steps include (1) nucleic acid extraction, (2) PCR set-up, (3) amplification and (4) unambiguous calling of results. The use of homogeneous systems has previously been recognised an important aspect for the implementation of molecular methods for field detection of FMDV (Hearps et al. 2002). Currently, there is only limited access to these technologies outside of Europe and North America. In addition to the performance of these equipment and assays, the availability and cost of consumables, as well as mechanisms to locally service the machines (in the event of equipment failure) will be important factors for the routine use of these tests in countries within sub-Saharan Africa.
Isothermal amplification
The recent development of portable equipment for PCR has made molecular diagnosis of FMD in the field an achievable goal. However, this approach relies on precision thermocycling requiring instrumentation which can be fragile, prohibitively expensive and that will require decontamination when transferred from one site to another. As an alternative to PCR, isothermal (single temperature) amplification methods for the detection of FMDV have been developed. Since the specific amplification step for both nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) and reverse-transcription loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP) formats occurs at a constant temperature, there is less reliance upon expensive equipment and there is obvious potential to use of these assays as the basis of an inexpensive (or even disposable) molecular test. Two different isothermal strategies: NASBA and RT-LAMP are discussed in this review.
Nucleic acid sequence based amplification technology is a continuous, isothermal and enzyme-based method to amplify single stranded RNA and is therefore particularly suited to the detection of viruses with RNA genomes such as FMDV (Compton 1991). Assays employ three enzymes: T7 RNA polymerase, reverse-transcriptase and ribonuclease-H, a set of target-specific forward and reverse oligonucleotide primers and two types of detection probes. The forward primer has a 5' extension containing the promoter sequence for T7 bacteriophage DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the reverse primer has a 5' extension containing a complementary binding sequence for a DNA oligonucleotide detection probe. Using an FMDV specific NASBA assay (Collins et al. 2002), concordant results between NASBA and rRT-PCR were generated for 87% of FMD samples (Lau et al. 2008). Simple enzyme-linked oligonucleotide capture NASBA formats using ELISA plate readers have also been evaluated and these show promise for use in laboratories where more expensive equipment may not be available (Lau et al. 2008).
Reverse-transcription loop-mediated amplification is an isothermal autocyling strand-displacement DNA synthesis technique which utilises four specific primers to recognise six regions of the target genome (Notomi et al. 2000). Formation of loop structures enables explosive polymerase-based enzymatic amplification, which generates double-stranded, multi-sized amplicons. Pan-serotypic RT-LAMP assays have been designed for FMDV (Dukes, King & Alexandersen 2006;
Li et al. 2009). Validation data indicates that RT-LAMP has equivalent analytical sensitivity to rRT-PCR and may be less sensitive to inhibition by problematic sample matrices such as OP fluids and faecal samples. Reverse-transcription loop-mediated amplification products are generated in abundance and can be detected using equipment to monitor turbidity, agarose gels or real-time PCR machines. Furthermore, it is also possible to visualise dual-labelled LAMP amplicons using novel lateral flow devices (James et al. 2010). In addition, changes in free-cation (Mg2+) concentration in positive RT-LAMP reactions can be visualised using a colour change of a dye indicator such as hydroxynaphthol blue (Bearinger et al. 2011). Together with simple methods to prepare template RNA, these simple readouts for RT-LAMP may prove useful in field settings.
Using genome sequence data to define trans-boundary movements of foot-and-mouth disease virus
Once FMDV has been detected, nucleotide sequencing is a useful tool used to compare field strains with reference viruses and allows important phenotypic characteristics to be elucidated, such as antigenic determinants present on the viral capsid. Genetic characterisation of foot-and-mouth disease virus routinely uses VP1 sequence data generated by RT-PCR. This region of the FMDV genome is approximately 630 nucleotides in length and encodes a protein (1D) that comprises an important component of the FMD viral capsid. These sequences are used to categorise field strains into discrete sub-groups (or topotypes) which frequently show geographical clustering based on the historical distribution of the virus (Di Nardo, Knowles & Paton 2011). These analyses provide evidence for the transboundary movements of FMDV and provide critical support to regional and country-level programmes to control FMD. Within sub-Saharan Africa, three main epidemiological pools of FMDV have been recognised (Paton, Sumption & Charleston 2009): West Africa comprising serotypes O, A, SAT 1 and SAT 2; East Africa comprising serotypes O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 and Southern Africa with serotypes SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3.
Recent FMD outbreaks in the United Kingdom (during 2001 and 2007) have highlighted the limitation to which VP1 sequence data can be used to discriminate sequences from field cases of disease. VP1 is relatively short (~8% of the genome length) and as a consequence, phylogenetic trees generated from viral sequences recovered within outbreaks clusters are typically flat with poor resolution. Furthermore, limiting sequence analysis to only VP1 reduces the ability to identify broad-scale recombination events that may drive step-changes in the generation of new genetic and antigenic variants. Identifying the sources of FMD outbreaks can play an important role in disease control: however, this can be confounded by incomplete epidemiological evidence and the numerous routes by which the virus can spread (via aerosols, movements of infected animals or their products, and spread of fomites on contaminated persons and objects). Recent advances in laboratory methodologies allow rapid sequencing of complete FMDV genomes (Abdul-Hamid et al. 2011; Cottam et al. 2009a). For the first time, this opens up the potential for using genome sequencing to reconstruct virus transmission trees with extremely high resolution and to reveal and identify the origin of unresolved transmission events within discrete infection clusters quickly.
Using full FMDV genome sequences determined from field samples collected from the 2001 FMD outbreak in the UK, it was shown that transmission events at the level of farm-to-farm spread could be reconstructed (Cottam et al. 2006, 2008b). Known patterns of spread of the virus were be reproduced by statistical parsimony-based analyses of this data. However, in some cases, these genetic data supported transmission histories different from those suggested by conventional contact tracing studies (Cottam et al. 2006). During the 2007 FMD outbreak in the UK, full genome sequencing was used in real-time to support epidemiological investigations (Cottam et al. 2008a). Analyses of these data have revealed the most likely chain of transmission events, and predicted undisclosed infected premises prior to their discovery by serological surveillance. Thus, for the first time, results indicate that full-genome sequencing can be used for fine-scale epidemiology to reveal and identify the origin of FMDV causing outbreaks.
Foot-and-mouth disease viral evolutionary dynamics
Foot-and-mouth disease evolves rapidly due to its large population size, high replication rate and poor proof- reading ability of its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Within cells, FMDV exists as heterogeneous populations comprising similar but non-identical genomes. Consensus (Sanger) sequencing identifies the predominant sequence present in a sample, but does not provide any information regarding the structure of minority variants that are present. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques offer an unprecedented 'step-change' increase in the amount of sequence data that can be generated from a sample to reveal nucleotide substitutions present in only a small fraction of the population. Using NGS performed on a Genome Analyzer platform (Illumina), the viral populations within bovine epithelial samples (foot lesions) have been determined (Wright et al. 2011). This approach revealed the fine polymorphic sub-structure of the viral population, from nucleotide variants present at just below 50% frequency to those present at fractions of 1%. Some of the higher frequency polymorphisms identified encoded changes in the heparan sulphate binding site revealing intermediate stages in the evolution of a tissue-culture adapted viral genome upon replication within a mammalian host.
Conventional Sanger sequencing and NGS methods can provide powerful datasets that have the potential to revolutionise our understanding of the patterns of viral evolution and factors that impact upon FMDV circulation in endemic countries. Capital equipment and running cost to undertake sequencing studies are decreasing all the time. Regional and national centres of molecular and sequencing expertise are now becoming established in some African countries to provide support for research into the epidemiology of livestock diseases such as FMD. Although currently limited to use in specialised molecular facilities, there is a prospect that new more affordable formats of NGS technologies will become available soon.
Diagnostic challenges for sub-Saharan Africa
This short review describes new tools that have recently been developed to support the diagnosis and epidemiology of FMD. The driving force for these improvements has largely been influenced by the priorities of developed countries in Europe and North America with FMD-free (without vaccination) status. However, it is important to recognise that these technologies also show considerable promise for use in FMD-endemic countries, although further modifications may be required to tailor these tests for use in these regions. The presence of multiple serotypes of FMD in the majority of sub-Saharan African countries can influence local disease diagnostic priorities. Rather than pan-serotypic FMDV assays that are developed in FMD-free countries, a particular priority for endemic countries is the development of serotype-specific (and lineage-specific) typing assays that can be used rapidly to monitor incursions of exotic and emerging FMDV lineages into new geographical regions. The high genetic diversity of circulating FMDV strains (particularly SAT serotypes) provides a constant challenge for diagnostic laboratories in FMD endemic countries in Africa, and it is important that on-going validation is undertaken to ensure tests remain fit for purpose and are able to detect new viruses as they continue to evolve. Furthermore, it is critical that robust protocols for sample collection and archiving in the field are adopted (Belsham et al. 2011). Our understanding of FMD epidemiology in Africa is patchy and currently suffers from a lack of good quality laboratory and sequence data. The global control of FMD strategy currently being developed jointly by OIE and FAO is expected to rely heavily on the use of these next generation tools for more accurate and rapid diagnosis of FMD at the local level. However, without improvements to the quality and coverage of samples collected from field outbreaks, it is unlikely that the epidemiological picture of the disease in the region will become clear enough to make a significant impact upon disease control.
These new diagnostic tools can play a critical role in our ability to detect and monitor the spread of FMD in endemic regions of the world. However, it is also important to recognise that effective monitoring and control of FMD is reliant upon adequate resources, these are principally financial but also include availability of trained field personnel and a strong supporting laboratory infrastructure. In addition, international cooperation, transparency between different countries, sharing of epidemiological data and ownership of disease are also key factors in the control of important trans-boundary disease such as FMD.
The authors of this article are supported by grant funding from UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra SE1124, SE1126, SE2938 and SE2937), EU NoE EPIZONE (Contract No. FOOD-CT-2006-016236) and the Combating Infectious Diseases of Livestock for International Development (CIDLID) project funded by DFiD/BBSRC/ Scottish Government (Towards the strategic control of foot-and-mouth disease in Africa: New techniques for a neglected problem). The authors also acknowledge Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS) for providing travel support (to DK) to present this paper at the 1st One Health Conference in Africa, Johannesburg, July 2011.
Abdul-Hamid, N.F., Firat-Sara?, M., Radford, A.D., Knowles, N.J. & King, D.P., 2011, 'Comparative sequence analysis of representative foot-and-mouth disease virus genomes from Southeast Asia', Virus Genes 43, 41-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11262-011-0599-3, PMid:21479678 [ Links ]
Alexandersen, S., Quan, M., Murphy, C., Knight, J. & Zhang, Z., 2003, 'Studies of quantitative parameters of virus excretion and transmission in pigs and cattle experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus', Journal of Comparative Pathology 129, 268-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9975(03)00045-8 [ Links ]
Bearinger, J.P., Dugan, L.C., Baker, B.R., Hall, S.B., Ebert, K., Mioulet, V. et al., 2011, 'Development and initial results of a low cost, disposable, point-of-care testing device for pathogen detection', IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 58, 805-808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2010.2089054, PMid:21342806 [ Links ]
Belsham, G.J., Jamal, S.M., Tjornehoj, K. & Botner, A., 2011, 'Rescue of foot-and-mouth disease viruses that are pathogenic for cattle from preserved viral RNA samples', PLoS One 6, e14621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014621, PMid:21298025 [ Links ]
Brehm, K.E., Ferris, N.P., Lenk, M., Riebe, R. & Haas, B., 2009, 'Highly sensitive fetal goat tongue cell line for detection and isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Journal of Clinical Microbiology 47, 3156-3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00510-09, PMid:19656987 [ Links ]
Brown, F., 2003, 'The history of research in foot-and-mouth disease', Virus Research 91, 3-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00268-X [ Links ]
Callahan, J.D., Brown, F., Osorio, F.A., Sur, J.H., Kramer, E., Long, G.W. et al., 2002, 'Use of a portable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Journal of the American Medical Association 220, 1636-1642. [ Links ]
Collins, R.A., Ko, L.S., Fung, K.Y., Lau, L.T., Xing, J. & Yu, A.C.H., 2002b, 'A method to detect major serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Biochemistry Biophysics Research Communication 297, 267-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02178-2 [ Links ]
Compton, J., 1991, 'Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification', Nature 350, 91-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350091a0, PMid:1706072 [ Links ]
Cottam, E.M., Haydon, D.T., Paton, D.J., Gloster, J., Wilesmith, J.W., Ferris, N.P. et al., 2006, 'Molecular epidemiology of the foot-and-mouth disease virus outbreak in the United Kingdom in 2001', Journal of Virology 80, 11274-11282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01236-06, PMid:16971422 [ Links ]
Cottam, E.M., Wadsworth, J., Shaw, A.E., Rowlands, R.J., Goatley, L., Maan, S. et al., 2008a, 'Transmission pathways of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the United Kingdom in 2007', PloS Pathogens 4, e1000050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000050, PMid:18421380 [ Links ]
Cottam, E.M., Thébaud, G., Wadsworth, J., Gloster, J., Mansley, L., Paton, D.J. et al., 2008b, 'Integrating genetic and epidemiological data to determine transmission pathways of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275, 887-895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1442, PMid:18230598 [ Links ]
Cottam, E.M., Wadsworth, J., Knowles, N.J. & King, D.P., 2009a, 'Full sequencing of viral genomes: practical strategies used for the amplification and characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Methods in Molecular Biology 551, 217-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-999-4_17, PMid:19521878 [ Links ]
De Castro, M.P., 1964, 'Behaviour of the foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell cultures; susceptibility of the IB-RS-2 cell line', Archivos do Instituto Biologico, Sao Paulo 31, 63-78. [ Links ]
Di Nardo, A., Knowles, N.J. & Paton, D.J., 2011, 'Combining livestock trade patterns with phylogenetics to help understand the spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus in sub-Saharan Africa, the middle East and Southeast Asia', Scientific and Technical Review of the OIE 30, 63-85. [ Links ]
Dukes, J.P., King, D.P. & Alexandersen, S., 2006, 'Novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Archives of Virology 151, 1093-1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-005-0708-5, PMid:16453084 [ Links ]
Ferris, N.P. & Dawson, M., 1988, 'Routine application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in comparison with complement fixation for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth and swine vesicular diseases', Veterinary Microbiology 16, 201-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(88)90024-7 [ Links ]
Ferris, N.P., Hutchings, G.H., Reid, S.M., King, D.P., Ebert, K., Paton, D.J. et al., M., 2009, 'Development and laboratory validation of a lateral flow device for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in clinical samples', Journal of Virological Methods 155, 10-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/jjviromet.2008.09.009, PMid:18848845 [ Links ]
Ferris, N.P., Nordengrahn, A., Hutchings, G.H., Paton, D.J., Kristersson, T., Brocchi, E. et al., 2010, 'Development and laboratory validation of a lateral flow device for the detection of serotype SAT 2 foot-and-mouth disease viruses in clinical samples', Journal of Virological Methods 163, 474-476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.09.022, PMid:19815031 [ Links ]
Ferris, N.P., Grazioli, S., Hutchings, G.H. & Brocchi, E., 2011, 'Validation of a recombinant integrin avP6/monoclonal antibody based antigen ELISA for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease', Journal of Virological Methods 175, 253-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/jjviromet.2011.05.026, PMid:21635921 [ Links ]
Hearps, A., Zhang, Z. & Alexandersen, S., 2002, 'Evaluation of a portable Cepheid SmartCycler real-time PCR machine for the rapid diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease', Veterinary Record 150, 625-628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.150.20.625, PMid:12046786 [ Links ]
James, H.E., Ebert, K., McGonigle, R., Reid, S.M., Boonham, N., Tomlinson, J.A. et al., 2010, 'Detection of African swine fever virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification', Journal of Virological Methods 164, 68-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.11.034, PMid:19963011 [ Links ]
King, D.P., Dukes, J.P., Reid, S.M., Ebert, K., Shaw, A.E., Mills, C.E. et al., 2008, 'Prospects for rapid diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease in the field using reverse transcriptase-PCR', Veterinary Record 162, 315-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.162.10.315, PMid:18326844 [ Links ]
Lau, L.T., Reid, S.M., King, D.P., Lau, A.M., Shaw, A.E., Ferris, N.P. et al., 2008, 'Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)', Veterinary Microbiology 126, 101-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.008, PMid:17728080 [ Links ]
Li, J., Chen, Q., Xiong, W. & Fang, X.E., 2009, 'Establishment of RT-LAMP for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Bing Du Xue Bao 25, 137-142. PMid:19678569 [ Links ]
Madi, M., Hamilton, A., Squirrell, D., Mioulet, V., Evans, P., Lee, M. et al., 2011, 'Rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus using a field-portable nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR amplification platform', Veterinary Journal (submitted). PMid:21668486 [ Links ]
McKillen, J., McMenamy, M., Reid, S.M., Duffy, C., Hiertner, B., King, D.P. et al., 2011, 'Pan-serotypic detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus using a minor groove binder probe reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay', Journal of Virological Methods 174, 117-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.03.008, PMid:21419170 [ Links ]
Meyer, R.F., Brown, C.C., House, C., House, J.A. & Molitor, T.W., 1991, 'Rapid and sensitive detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in tissues by enzymatic RNA amplification of the polymerase gene', Journal of Virological Methods 34, 161-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0934(91)90096-I [ Links ]
Moonen, P., Boonstra, J., Van der Honing, R.H., Leendertse, C.B., Jacob, L. & Dekker, A., 2003, 'Validation of a light Cycler-based reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Journal of Virological Methods 113, 35-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(03)00220-9 [ Links ]
Moniwa, M., Clavijo, A., Li, M., Collignon, B. & Kitching, P.R., 2007, 'Performance of a foot-and-disease virus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with amplification controls between three real-time instruments', Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 19, 9-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900103, PMid:17459827 [ Links ]
Notomi, T., Okayama, H., Masubuchi, H., Yonekawa, T., Watanabe, K., Amino, N. et al., 2000, 'Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA', Nucleic Acids Research 28, E63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/28.12.e63 [ Links ]
Oem, J.K., Kye, S.J., Lee, K.N., Kim, J.Y., Park, J.H., Joo, Y.S. et al., 2005, 'Development of a light cycler-based reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Journal of Veterinary Science 6, 207-212. PMid:16131823 [ Links ]
Paton, D.J., Sumption, K.J. & Charleston, B., 2009, 'Options for control of foot-and-mouth disease: knowledge, capability and policy', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B Biology Science 364, 2657-2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0100, PMid:19687036 [ Links ]
Rasmussen, T.B., Uttenthal, A., De Stricker, K., Belak, S. & Storgaard, T., 2003, 'Development of a novel quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of all serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Archives of Virology 148, 2005-2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-003-0145-2, PMid:14551821 [ Links ]
Reid, S.M., Ferris, N.P., Hutchings, G.H., Samuel, A.R. & Knowles, N.J., 2000, 'Primary diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction', Journal of Virological Methods 89, 167-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(00)00213-5 [ Links ]
Reid, S.M., Ferris, N.P., Hutchings, G.H., Zhang, Z., Belsham, G.J. & Alexandersen, S., 2002, 'Detection of all seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus by real-time, fluorogenic reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay', Journal of Virological Methods 105, 67-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(02)00081-2 [ Links ]
Reid, S.M., Grierson, S.S., Ferris, N.P., Hutchings, G.H. & Alexandersen, S., 2003, 'Evaluation of automated RT-PCR to accelerate the laboratory diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Journal of Virological Methods 107, 129-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(02)00210-0 [ Links ]
Reid, S.M., Pierce, K.E., Mistry, R., Bharya, S., Dukes, J.P., Volpe, C. et al., 2010, 'Pan-serotypic detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus by RT linear-after-the exponential PCR', Molecular and Cellular Probes 24, 250-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcp.2010.04.004, PMid:20433917 [ Links ]
Rodriguez, A., Núnez, J.I., Nolasco, G., Ponz, F., Sobrino, F. & De Blas, C., 1994, 'Direct PCR detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus', Journal of Virological Methods 47, 345-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0934(94)90030-2 [ Links ]
Snowdon, W.A., 1966, 'Growth of foot-and mouth disease virus in monolayer cultures of calf thyroid cells', Nature 210, 1079-1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2101079a0, PMid:4288087 [ Links ]
Wright, C.F., Morelli, M.J., Thébaud, G., Knowles, N.J., Herzyk, P., Paton, D.J. et al., 2011, 'Beyond the consensus: dissecting within-host population diversity of foot-and-mouth disease virus using next-generation sequencing', Journal of Virology 85, 2266-2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01396-10, PMid:21159860 [ Links ]
Correspondence to:
Donald King
PO Box 3019, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Note: Proceedings of the Conference of the Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance 'One Health' held at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, July 2011.


text:
Jecka wrote:Nemomon wrote:Nobody watching newest Digimon season?
I am needs better subs but I enjoy it nonetheless
Yeah, the subs aren't great, but since they're the only available... .
For now I have mixed feelings about it. Haru is a total dork, Gatch super annoying, but the series has some funny moments, and therefore is watchable. Definitely not like any other Digimon series, though.


text:
Landsvirkjun plans to construct two wind turbines for research purposes next year
Landsvirkjun plans to construct two wind turbines for research purposes next year
Landsvirkjun's Autumn Meeting was held on November 15 and was attended by about 400 guests.
Landsvirkjun announced yesterday at its annual fall meeting that it currently offers 43 USD/MWh on up to 12 year contracts to industrial companies.
The meeting will take place in the Silfurberg hall at Harpa, Reykjavik Concert Hall and Conference Center on Tuesday, 15 November, from 14:00 - 16:00.
There has been international cooperation in the field of hydropower to develop a sustainability assessment protocol for hydropower stations
Agreements are made with the engineering companies Mannvit hf. and Verkís hf. for the tender and final design for the power stations at Bjarnarflag and Þeistareykir
An analysis of the outlook for Landsvirkjun from 2025 to 2035.
Today, Landsvirkjun signed a 7 year private placement amounting to USD 63.2 million.
Today, Landsvirkjun signed a 10 year private placement amounting to USD 70 million (some 8 billion ISK).
Strong liquidity position and increased cash flow
Tenders for engineering consultancy services for the planned geothermal power stations at Bjarnarflag and Þeistareykir were opened on 9 August 2011at 14:00 in Landsvirkjun´s headquarters in Reykjavik. The call for tenders was advertised in the European Economic Area.
Landsvirkjun Power, a subsidiary company of Landsvirkjun, and Verkis Consulting Engineers signed a contract with Dariali Energy Ltd on July 15 2011.
Landsvirkjun Power, a subsidiary company of Landsvirkjun, has recently signed a contract with Greenland´s Nukissiorfiit on operational assistance and maintenance.
The exhibition was opened on June 11th by Landsvirkjun´s CEO Hörður Arnarson and is intended to educate visitors about renewable energy in an entertaining and interactive way.
Landsvirkjun and Theistareykir ehf. have advertised a call for tenders for consultancy work for the planned power stations at Bjarnarflag and Theistareykir.
Landsvirkjun has recruited three new staff members to strengthen its base as a leader in marketing and sales of renewable energy in Europe.
The eruption in Eyjafjallajokull has until today had very limited effect in Iceland and no impact on Landsvirkjun's operations.
Landsvirkjun was a national sponsor for Global Entrepreneurship week 2009 in Iceland. The company also initiated a local project in Norhtwest Iceland.
A dialogue between the companies amid challenging conditions in aluminium markets.
An open meeting presenting the details of a new action plan.
Landsvirkjun's results for the first nine months of the year 2019.
According to Moody's, the upgrade reflects the continued improvement in the company's credit profile.
Outstanding companies build their business on a strong foundation and are focused on the interests of investors and shareholders.
Kristín Linda has participated in various international co-operations on environmental issues.
Strong cash generation and a historically high equity ratio.
Follows successful placing of a USD 200m green bond in 2018
The original power contract between the companies dates from the year 1975.
Net debt continues to decrease and the equity ratio strengthens.
The assets and transfer of the shares have negligible effect on the balance sheet and operations of Landsvirkjun.
Jónas Þór Guðmundsson re-elected chairman of the board.
S&P Global Ratings revises Landsvirkjun's rating outlook from stable to positive on improved financial position.
Landsvirkjun owns 64.7% of Landsnet.
The Green Bond Pioneer Awards are the premier annual recognition of achievement by organisations, financial institutions, governments and individuals who have demonstrated leadership through pioneering initiatives and green issuance and have provided positive examples of climate resilient and low carbon investment in a diverse range of nations and markets.
Another record year for power generation and operating performance.
Operations have already begun in Blönduós and construction work to expand the data center is currently underway.
Revenue, EBITDA and profit increase between periods.
Landsvirkjun is number three on Creditinfo's list.


text:
Spencer Hickman is the founder of Death Waltz Recording Company, a soundtrack label specializing in horror and cult films. A longtime record store veteran, Hickman is a former manager of Rough Trade Records in East London and is the Record Store Day UK coordinator. Hickman is also passionate about film and art, which is especially evident in the exclusive artwork and insert prints the label commissions for each release. The first two Death Waltz releases were classic cinema scores, John Carpenter's Escape From New York and Fabio Frizzi's Zombie Flesh Eaters. Originally intending to release soundtrack reissues, Death Waltz has moved into current films including Donnie Darko and Let the Right One In.
Spencer recently visited Amoeba Hollywood to feed his love for obscure horror film soundtracks and managed to dig up some cool vinyl favorites. Hickman's love for horror sounds goes back to his childhood. He was reminded of haunting neighborhood kids when he dug up vinyl copies of Chilling, Thrilling Sounds Of The Haunted House and Stereo Dynamics! To Scare Hell Out Of Your Neighbors. He reveals an old obsession with Skinny Puppy and admits to having the band tattooed on his leg! Check out what other cool horror films and vinyl Spencer picked up on his visit.
Spencer Hickman - What's In My Bag?
Watch and comment on YouTube


text:
Gordon Brown
William Penn High Philadelphia, PA
Memories of Gordon Brown
Are you Gordon Brown?
This page means someone is someone is looking for you. Register for free to let other alumni contact you and more:
- Let others find you
- Contact old friends
- Share photos and memories with other registered alumni
Looking for Gordon Brown?
This is a placeholder page for Gordon Brown, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Gordon Brown.
About placeholder profiles
You are visiting the placeholder page for Gordon Brown. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Gordon Brown. We created this page automatically in hopes Gordon Brown would find it. If you are not Gordon Brown, but are an alumni of William Penn High School Philadelphia, PA, register on this site for free now.


text:
You are about to enter a website that may contain content of an adult nature.
Hello everyone, this is Indian cam girl Ahhbree here. I'm 20 year old Female speak English in the Indian live sex chat action. All American Girl Next Door! I am a very bubbly and smiley person, I like to talk talk talk about whatever you want. Sexual beginner, Innocent but willing to be dirty ;). I absolutely LOVE cars! Anything that has to do with cars you can count me in! I know how to do a lot of mechanical stuff on cars as well as painting cars. I have a certificate in Collision and Refinishing. Another hobby i have is photography! I own a Canon t5i and i use it constantly.. My mouth & hands can make you melt almost instantly, while my ass bouncing can mesmerize you ;) is my expertise and also what I will do in Indian live sex private show. I have Blue eyes, Long Black hairs and my measurements are 34-26-36. For Turn ons: I like it rough, i want you to spank me, pull my hair, and tie me up. I am the submissive innocent little girl next store that needs a big dick to show her the way ;). For TurnsOff: I am open minded and I am not really turned off. If you prefer kinks, then Piercings,Shaved, are mine. I'm just hungry for a HARD cock, can't wait to see u in my Indian webcam sex chat room! :)
This website contains live indian sex cams, desi cams, hindi cam and tamil sex chat related sexually explicit content.
You must be at least 18 years of age to enter this website.
© Since 2012 myindiansexcams.com Indian Sex Chat Network All Rights Reserved
AllHosts1 - AllHosts2 - AllHosts3 - AllHosts4 - AllHosts5 - AllHosts6 - AllHosts7 - AllHosts8 - AllHosts9 - AllHosts10 - AllHosts11 - AllHosts12


text:
This year's PNW rendezvous will be the weekend of July 22-24 at Port Browning Marina on Pender Island, BC. Local Freedom owners have been gathering since 2008. We'd love to have new folks join in. It's always a pretty laid back gathering and one I look forward to every year. For more info and to get your name on the PNW owners list, please message me here.
Fair winds!
Tricia Coldren
F30 Muse II
Victoria, BC CANADA


text:
Just starting and thow it seems like I've done a lot already it's moztly maintenance that whoever had it never did. By this time next year it will have a stroker kit and possibly a turbo sst up. I need to know what size cam came in the 03 with the 5.9?
And does anyone have any suggestions on a cam i can run aith the factory ECU? I'm having trouble finding a good race shop woth a dyno/tune guy here in central Florida.
Originally Posted by 1995dak
Originally Posted by KTK00R/T
For now, if you live in Texas, post your name, location and Zip. Open to all members paid or not. This thread is for info only, I'll update this post, and eventually get it into a sheet.
KTK00R/T - Josh Misora - Katy, TX, 77450
1995dak- George Deckard- East TX-75938
1999 Dakota RT - Mark Leija - Cypress TX 77433
Paid $300 for it. Couldn't use it because my old truck was a 99'. I didn't know shit back then... still dont! I also paid $50 to have it flashed to my vin. So you might have to have it flashed to your truck. I'm taking that into consideration with my price. $225.
Thanks, Luke
I'M looking For 99-03 Dakota R/ T Intense Blue or Viper Blue Ext Cab, please call Mike 561-246-1209
Looking for m1 intake for my 2000 Dakota RT 5.9 fuel injected and a 52x54mm f&b throttle body


text:
I am trying to check to ensure the user entered a number instead of a character for this program. I was thinking of using isalpha and saying if that isalpha is true then tell user and end. But I have reconsidered and think that what I really need to do is use isdigit, and say that if isdigit is false (i.e the user inputs anything other then a number), then tell the user and exit.
But I am still stuck with isdigit like I was isalpha. I have tried various combinations on trying to get it to recognize the if statement and have had no luck. Currently, if I put in a character instead of a digit, it ignores my isdigit statement and thinks it has all the data it needs to go to the end instead of exiting. Can someone please sheed some light onto what I am doing wrong here. Or perhaps should I be trying something else entirely for what I am trying to do?
My current code is:
Thanks for any help on this.Code:#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <conio.h> int main (void) { typedef struct { int hr; int min; int sec; } TIME; TIME sTime; TIME fTime; TIME tTime; printf("Calculate total time between start and finish. Format for data is hh:mm:ss\n"); printf("\nEnter a start time:\t"); scanf("%d:%d:%d", &sTime.hr, &sTime.min, &sTime.sec); if (sTime.hr >24 || sTime.min >60 || sTime.sec >60) { printf("\aInvalid Option\n"); printf("\nPress any key to exit.\n"); getch(); return 0; } if (isdigit(sTime.hr || sTime.min || sTime.sec)) { printf("\aInvalid Option\n"); printf("\nPress any key to exit.\n"); getch(); return 0; } printf("\nEnter a finish time:\t"); scanf("%d:%d:%d", &fTime.hr, &fTime.min, &fTime.sec); if (fTime.hr >24 || fTime.min >60 || fTime.sec >60) { printf("\aInvalid Option\n"); printf("\nPress any key to exit.\n"); getch(); return 0; } tTime.hr = fTime.hr - sTime.hr; tTime.min = fTime.min - sTime.min; tTime.sec = fTime.sec - sTime.sec; if (tTime.hr < 0) tTime.hr += 12; printf("\n\n\nThe total time: %2d hr(s),%2d min(s), and%2d sec(s)\n", tTime); return 0; }


text:
|Original Photo
|Repaired and Cropped Photo
Often when I post photos that I've repaired I get asked what software I use and how I did it, so I finally decided to do a post showing what I did. This was a relatively basic repair so I figured it was a good place to start. I'm sure that there are people out there with much more experience than I have in photo repair. I'm self-taught and the tricks I've learned have suited me well so far.
Not every step is covered, but the most important parts are. You'll have to play with your software's opacity levels and the various sizes of brushes to use with the cloning tool, but I imagine that most programs are relatively similar. For this photo repair I used Microsoft Office Picture Manager to adjust the contrast and then Serif Photo Plus X2 for the rest of the repair. It was a cheap and well rated photo editing software that I purchased through Amazon.com.
I don't know who the people are in this photo (maybe my family can help me out here when they read this post), but I've been told that my aunt was the artist that drew on the photo! It wasn't a difficult repair, but if you're new to using photo-editing software there may be one or two swear words that escape your mouth as you go through your learning curve (at least there was for me when I first started!)
I opened the photo in Microsoft Office Picture Manager and adjusted the contrast to 10 then to 20. Adjusting the contrast usually works well in grayscale photos, but you'll want to increase the percentage of contrast slowly so if you go too far and don't like the results, you can bring it down a little.
|Contrast increased to 10%
|Contrast increased to 20%
You can notice the big change in the scribbles in the sky of the photo. The contrast removed much of it, without removing detail from the rest of the photo.
You then should familiarize yourself as to what the controls for your software's cloning tool and zoom look like. This is what the Serif's look like:
|After selecting the cloning tool the brush and opacity box automatically appeared at the top of the screen
I then zoomed in on the area I wanted to work on first. In this case it was the sky. Since this is a black & white photo the sky came across as white so this was a fairly easy fix with the cloning tool (set at 100% opacity in this case and I used a fairly large brush). For my software I moved the brush circle to an area I wanted to clone, held down the Shift key, and left-clicked my mouse (you won't notice anything when you do this). Then I moved to the area I wanted to replace with what I just copied and left-clicked my mouse.
NOTE: When cloning it does not simply copy that small area you clicked on. It anchors the cloning to that specific area in relation to the next place you click. So as you move the clone brush down the area you are painting over, both areas move together. This means that if you aren't careful you may copy something that doesn't match:
|The circle is where I am cloning to and the "+" is where I am copying from.
As you can see in the example above, I've accidentally copied part of the building as I tried to repair the sky. It's an easy fix. You just click the undo button.
Eventually (and relatively painlessly) the sky was fixed and I moved on to areas on the bride's dress and white spots on the groom's suit.
|The sky fixed
When repairing the groom's suit I used 100% opacity. It's fairly dark so I really didn't need to be concerned with blending. For the bride's gown, I used an opacity between 60-70% depending on what looks best. The undo command is your friend as you figure it out. I also used a fairly small sized brush so I could work in the much smaller area.
Remember that you don't need to click and drag while cloning. When doing small repairs just left-click a little at a time. You may need to experiment as to which areas are the best to "copy" or "clone" from. You want something that is close in color/texture to the area you are repairing. The opacity tool allows for better blending. When I repaired the bride's gown, had I selected an opacity of 100% it would have copied the area exactly and it would have looked awful. Copying at 60% opacity allowed the crayon/pencil area to be repaired with the copied area but it only matched the color at 60% of the original so the change looked much nicer. For my lack of communication skills, allow me to show the difference:
|100% opacity
|60% opacity
At 100% you can actually see a circle where I clicked to repair the area. With 60% you can see the repair, but only because the flaw to the left and right remain. In the finished product it is barely noticeable. If I had repaired the entire area at 100% opacity the result would have been a completely discolored (and brighter) line. The point of a repair isn't to change the essence of the picture, but to remove the flaws.
I finally completed all the repairs that I wanted and saved the image. I then went back to Microsoft Office's Picture Manager and cropped the picture to remove the white at the right side of the picture.
|After cropping
|Before cropping
NOTE: Always remember to save the project you are working on under a different name so that if you don't like the results you can start over with the original. If you just save your work, the original will be gone and the undo button won't work after a "save".
Photo repair takes a little patience, but once you get the hang of it, I promise that it does get quicker!


text:
Board of Directors Candidate Forms coming soon
Al Sagr Cooperative Insurance Co. provides the best health insurance programs in (Al Haytham program) which includes all levels, whether groups or individuals, in accordance with the terms, conditions and regulations of the Cooperative Health Insurance Council in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The health insurance program covers both:
Company's Distinguished Services:
The health insurance policy includes a wide range of features designated to meet the needs of our customers. It seeks to provide a comprehensive medical network for reliable hospitals and deals with highly qualified doctors all over the Kingdom and abroad. Our company provides customers with personal membership cards, brochures describing the medical network indicating instructions.
In order to provide customers with a high quality service and through our participation with NEXT CARE Saudi Arabia, specialized in Medical Approval Management, we have the right to achieve:
Speed in medical approvals, payment using advanced technology as well as availability of a medical insurance professional team.
Al Saqr Cooperative Insurance Co. has designed insurance for energy companies, including:
– Onshore: including property, machinery and equipment for the extraction of oil, liquefied natural gas, Refineries and petroleum gas, petrochemical processing plants or other public facilities.
– Offshore: materials, property, machinery and equipment, pipelines, drilling machines, ships and buoys, land-based gas treatment facilities or other property, as well as costs of observation, debris removal or loss Production, protection of contractual or legal liabilities and compensation, and other related and accepted interests.
This insurance is imposed on vehicles licensed to use in public roads. As the importance of vehicles increases and the need of all citizens increases, the Kingdom's authorities have been forced to impose this insurance, while the offender is responsible for compensating the other vehicle using his/her right to insurance.
The existence of a legally binding document for the insured, guaranteeing compensation when an accident occurs in public roads.
The specific mandatory insurance law does not exceed the Compensation Law, a motor insurance policy provided by Al Sagr Cooperative Insurance Co. in response to the requirements of the Saudi government.
Under the Motor Insurance Policy, Al Sagr Cooperative Insurance Co. indemnifies the insured as follows:
Third Party Insurance (compulsory):
Compensation for damage to property, motor vehicle and personal injury resulting from the accident in the public roads by the amount of failure on the insured and protected from any rights that must be paid due to the accident according to the insurance policy and the concluded agreement.
Comprehensive Motor insurance:
Compensation for (insured) affected Vehicle.
Compensation for damage to property and bodily injury as well, with third party liability.
This policy cover vehicles driven in Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries such as GCC countries, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt and Turkey.
This type of insurance is designed to protect property in a specific place with specific environment and factors and is necessary for all types of property either personal or commercial.
The property preferred to be insured:
Buildings, machinery and movable and immovable fixtures, its accessories and other contents such as furniture and office equipment.
There are two other options and two complementary options:
Insurance against natural disasters caused by fire due to lightning or otherwise;
Insurance against natural and unnatural catastrophes: storms, floods, earthquakes, explosion of water tanks, equipment or pipes, etc.
These policies are designed to cover the risk of loss arising out of the erection and installation processes.
This policy includes compensation for damaged buildings during the work of the Contractor, for example, but not limited to:
Compensating projects for the construction and reconstruction of commercial and residential buildings.
We can also provide insurance coverage for the installation projects of heavy and light machinery.
This policy covers the transportation of cargo by import and export, using different types of transportation, knowing the risk of this process. When goods are lost resulting in a financial loss that damages the business, the company has to compensate for its damages, depending on the type of goods and shipping mode
Casualty insurance is for losses and liabilities which are a result of unforeseen and direct accidents. This category of insurance is quite broad. It encompasses a range of situations and fields within the insurance industry. Typically, casualty insurance covers both damages to property and people as the reader may deduce from the brief descriptions given below for each typical casualty policy. A point worthy our emphasis is that casualty insurance that includes personal liability can be useful to business owners and homeowners.
1. Workmen's Compensation & Employer's Liability Insurance – (WC & EL)The insurance policy (WC) is designed to compensate the employer (insured) direct expenses and wages or salaries he pays to employee(s) with work related injuries. Liabilities to employees in respect of injuries suffered by them arising out of and in the course of their employment subject to rulings of Labor Office. WC Insurance policies normally accommodate employer's liability coverage within its structured design. In the Kingdom, the Government Organization for Social Insurance, GOSI, had imposed cover plan for work-related ?injuries. It referred to is as Industrial Injuries benefit plan. This act narrowed the choice of the insurance companies in selling WC policies. Instead, insurance companies introduced what they had termed DIC policy (difference in conditions) insurance policy. Insurance companies discovered gaps in the industrial injuries benefit plan imposed by GOSI visas workman's compensation benefit plan.In addition to the DIC, Al Sagr Cooperative sells also employer's liability policy plan (EL). As mentioned above, EL could be sold as a separate policy. EL policy pays according to the Sharia laws applicable in the KSA.
2. Public Liability InsuranceThe cover plan is designed to indemnify the insured all claims to which Insured becomes legally liable to pay to third party (ies) in compensation for damages up to limits specified in the policy. Such compensations are identified as: a) Accidental bodily injury (ies) to Third Party. b) Accidental loss or damage to Third Party property (ies). Cover is negotiated with the insured prior to attachment of risk in order to incorporate reimbursement plan commensurate with the risk exposure.
3. Products Liability InsuranceIn similar manner as with the liability program, this insurance is intended to indemnity insured his liability to compensate third party (ies) their loss (es) resultant form product (s) insured sold, distributed, supplied, repaired, re-conditioned and the like depending on the business of insured. Products may cause bodily injury (ies) or property damage(s), in either case the policy pays to insured when he is legally liable to pay. Sums insured are set by insured and Al Sagr Cooperative commensurate with the size of the business of the insured and the understanding of extend of damage product may cause.
4. Professional Liability InsuranceThe policy indemnifies insured all agreed sums which the Insured (such as Architects, Engineers, Medical Practitioners, Lawyers, Financial Institutions and Chartered Accountants etc.) becomes legally liable to pay in damages to third party in respect of any error and/or omission on his/her part committed whilst rendering professional service. Legal cost and expenses incurred in defence of the case, with the prior consent of Al Sagr Cooperative are also payable, subject to the overall limit of indemnity selected and the standard exclusions specified in the Policy.
1. Personal Accident InsuranceFrom the name of the policy, the reader knows already that the insurance policy responds when insured himself is accidentally injured and when such injury results in paying of any of the benefits described in the policy. Payments are made to the insured or in cases to his/her legal heirs depending if death to the insured life did occur.Different coverage are available ranging from a restricted cover of Death only, to a more comprehensive plan including, in addition to death, Permanent Disabilities (like: PTD or PPD) and Temporary Total Disability (TTD). In addition, insurance cover may also be extended to include Medical Expenses incurred due to accident also Expenses of Repatriation of mortal remains following accidental death.The policy is basically designed to offer compensation to the insured person who dies or sustains bodily injury solely as a result of an accident which is external, violent and visible. Hence death or injury due to any illness or disease is not covered by the policy.The policy operates worldwide based on 24-hour plan.
2. Neon Sign InsuranceThis Policy covers Loss or Damage to the Neon Sign installation or any part thereof described in the Policy whilst situated at the specified location by Fire, Lightning, Explosion, Aircraft, Riot, Strikes, Malicious Damage, Storm, Tempest, Flood, Earthquake, Impact and Bursting/Overflowing of water tanks, apparatus and/or pipes, subject to specified exclusions in the Policy..
3. Plate Glass InsuranceThis insurance is intended to cover fixed plate glass against accidental breakage due to any cause not otherwise excluded in the Policy.The Company?s Liability is to replace the broken glass with glass of similar quality or at its option pay to the Insured the value of the glass broken at the price current at the date of the breakage, subject to adequacy of sum insured.The insurance cannot be extended for glass which is not fixed, i.e. which might be loose or movable in the premises.
4. Money InsuranceThe policy is designed to indemnify insured loss of money up to agreed limits if :(a) On insured's premises whilst – in locked counters/drawers/cash registers/tills/cabinets during business hours – in locked safe outside office hours(b) Whilst in transit, (outside premises of insured) during the course of transit between specified locations on direct trips by authorized employee(s).
5) Fidelity Guarantee Insurance (FG)The desire for wealth can change the attitude of human beings. It induces malicious intention in any person and it cannot be judged by their behavior.When huge sums of money are being handled by employees, there is always a risk of it being misappropriated or embezzled. Business can suffer huge losses by this kind of infidelity risks The policy indemnifies the employer his direct financial loss sustained by fraudulent and/or dishonesty act(s) of his employee(s) and are named in the policy.The Fidelity Guarantee Policy is recommended not only in respect of employees dealing with Cash/Accounts such as Finance Managers, Cashiers, Accountants, etc. but also those who are responsible for stocks such as Salesmen, Storekeepers, etc. Should your business or personal requirements need other insurance coverages, we are.
This Policy protect and cover the risks of property in danger or damage from an accident occurs other than those excluded pursuant to this policy.
Compared with a traditional fire insurance policy, and insurance for all risks to property, it covers damage caused by accidental damage to property as well as fire, hazards and burglary.
When occurring a fire or any danger causing damage to the buildings leading to the business interruption, the physical damage decreases with getting this insurance. However, if you do not have this type of insurance, the damage may then be very serious.
This case needs insurance covering to provide a slight imbalance and maintain the other sound property. It has great importance.
This policy covers compensation for the losses and damages caused by the burglar, based on the terms of the insurance policy between the insured and the insurance company, so that the compensation is as much as the loss.
If the reason is due to the insured, i.e., negligence, then the insured is not compensated.
This policy is designed to compensate the losses of travelers on international flights in respect of the risks related to travel outside Saudi Arabia for their relief. There are many benefits of this policy including:
– Emergency medical expenses.
– Transfer or repatriation in case of illness or accident.
– Returning dead bodies.
– Dental treatment for emergency cases.
– Emergency repatriation when a close family member deceased.
– Saving personal property and money and compensating them for loss.
This insurance is very important for owners of the huge ships carrying invested huge goods. It is designed to protect their interests and investment. If their ships is lost or destroyed by a natural marine or human incident, they will suffer a tragic loss.
What are the resulting risks which are usually covered?
– Waves and disturbances of seas, oceans, rivers and lakes … etc.
– Fires or explosions from a volcanic eruption, a lightning strike, or a war.
– Insurance Product Standards:
– Boats and yachts, machines, value added, and so on.
– The installment consists of various factors such as classification, year of construction, amount, management, loss record, etc.
The CPM policy covers all types of equipment used by the Insured during either on or off business hours on an annual basis.
This policy provides cover for damage caused by Machinery Breakdown due to a sudden breakdown
This policy should be attached to the insurance policy for machinery breakdown when loss of profits insurance resulting from the machinery breakdown.
This policy guarantees compensation to the insured for the loss of the expected profits in the event of damage to one of the devices or machinery, which leads to the interruption of the insured's work or affect negatively
This policy covers any damage caused by a pressure vessel, boiler or other, except fire. The injuries caused by these vessels and boilers, whether fatal or otherwise to employees or workers in particular, from explosion or collapse and others, covered with this insurance.
The compensation is as much as this injury, as is known in our principle of compensation
This policy guarantees compensation to the Insured in the event of a deterioration of the stock in warehouses or refrigerators breakdown.
The policy covers all types of computers and electronic devices, including microprocessors, electronic information processing, communication devices, medical devices, film equipment, studios, electronic boards … etc.
This insurance covers the unexpected physical damage caused by electronic devices resulting in physical damage, absences, and increased labor costs
Al Saqr Cooperative Insurance Co. provides Medical Malpractice Insurance policy, which gives the required support to medical practitioners from doctors and surgeons. This insurance provides them with the necessary assurance to perform their work under full cover of the complete protection they require.
Workmen's Compensation Insurance and Employer Liability:
This insurance is designed to provide compensation for accidents occurring in the work scope to protect the (the insured) employer and employees working in that scope. The compensation shall be in accordance with the insurance law or compensation agreed upon previously.
The Employer may be liable for such compensation. This is referred to what is set forth in the legal document between the Company and its customer.
Public Liability Insurance:
This Policy covers all claims made against the Insured by a third party for losing or corrupting one of his/her property. This is his/her liability, to which the Insured is legally liable.
Professional Indemnity Insurance:
This policy covers insured (architect and others) who commits an unintentional failure during his / her professional work by compensating the insured for the financial cost of his or her failure.
Personal Accidents Insurance:
When the Personal Accident Insurance Policy comes into effect, the company shall indemnify the Insured in the event of any risk, including but not limited to when the Insured deceased or is seriously injured, this policy compensates the victim or the rightful heirs of the deceased.
Money Insurance:
This policy is designed to protect the insured's money, in the event of the availability of money in the premises of the insured or during its transfer.
Fidelity Guarantee Insurance:
There is no doubt that fraud or any despicable act causes loss of money or damage to property; the affected customer must be compensated even if the damage is caused by the employees. This policy is designed to compensate the affected customer.
Burglary Insurance:
This policy covers compensation for the losses and damages caused by the burglar, based on the terms of the insurance policy between the insured and the insurance company, so that the compensation is as much as the loss. If the reason is due to the insured, i.e., negligence, then the insured is not compensated.
Insurance Option*
Enter text from the Captcha
The specific mandatory insurance law does not exceed the Compensation Law, a motor insurance policy provided by Al Sagr Cooperative Insurance Co. in response to the requirements of the Saudi government.
Comprehensive Motor insurance:


text:
20% off all wall art! Today only! Offer ends tonight at midnight EST.
This product is currently out of stock.
Image Size
The image is near the edges of the product but doesn't cover the entire product. Some of the background color may appear around the outside edges of the image.
Background Color
Here it is... the towel that's taking the internet by storm. Our round beach towels are 60" in diameter and made from ultra-soft plush microfiber with a 100% cotton back. Perfect for a day at the beach, a picnic, an outdoor music festival, or just general home decor. This versatile summer essential is a must-have this season!
60" Diameter Not Including Tassles
Care Instructions
Machine wash cold and tumble dry with low heat.
Ships Within
2 - 3 business days
Congratulations on your new sale Amy!
Congrats on Your Sale!!.......A Beautiful Blessing.
Beautiful - I love this one. Wishing you success!
Congrats to you!
Very striking!
Congratulations on your new sale
Congratulations on your recent sale!
Bravo on your latest sale!
Very unique and beautiful.
Congratulation on sale announcement and great.
Such splendid abstract piece Amy, Congratulations on your sale!
I love this it's like underwater
Congrats on Your Sale!!...Fantastic
Very nice work.
SPELL-BINDINGLY BEAUTIFUL, Amy!! CONGRATS on your sale!! LOVE this!! Going right into my Faves. Hugs
Average Rating (5 Stars):
Charles Rogers
August 29th, 2018
Judy Bostrom
July 28th, 2018
Karoll Domeij
July 27th, 2018
Kay Roberson
July 19th, 2018
Wow - I didn't realise it was going to be that big! It's a gift for a young member of the family - I think he'll be thrilled as he's a tractor fanatic at 6 years old. A practical gift too. The towel has a smoother upper side so it'll be more comfortable to sit on at the beach. It seems to have a thick absorbent power so no usual skinny beach towel.
Digital art photograph painting of light shinning through a bird of paridise. Licensed for use on ABC's television series "Desperate Housewives." Larger and different proportions available upon request.
VISIT MY WEBSITE & BLOG amyvangsgard.com All of my life I have loved color. Through my art, I hope to communicate the amazing feelings I have when I view the world of color around us. I am fascinated by the way light illuminates plants from behind with glowing colors, the way color changes when one color is juxtaposed against another, and the way color can take on a mood and affect the way we feel. I would like to share the great joy that color brings into my life with those who view my artwork by creating a new way of experiencing color. Please browse my site and feel the joy of color. BIO: Amy Vangsgard lives in Los Angeles, California and graduated from Art Center College of Design in 1985 with honors. For over 20 years, she has...
Our return policy is very simple:
If you're not happy with a purchase that you made on Pixels.com, for any reason, you can return it to us within 30 days of the order date. As soon as it arrives, we'll issue a full refund for the entire purchase price. Please note - Pixels does not reimburse the outgoing or return shipping charges unless the return is due to a defect in quality.
Pixels sells thousands of pieces of artwork each month - all with a 100% money-back guarantee. We take great pride in the fact that hundreds of thousands of artists have chosen Pixels to fulfill their orders, and we look forward to helping you select your next piece!
All round beach towels ship from our production facility within 2 - 3 business days of your order.


text:
Simplifying travel for Smart Travellers. At UNIGLOBE Travel, our goal is to ensure that you have access to everything you need for well-planned and cost effective trips.Enquire Online
Our local travel management experts understand your market and deliver friendly, responsive service.Start Exploring
Best available fares. Real time availability. Seamless booking experience. Now book your flight or hotel online, in a few simple keystrokes!Book Online
Chances are you have a good idea of where you want to go in life. At UNIGLOBE, we foster a culture that helps you get there. You'll work with great people, discover wonderful places and have the peace of mind that you are part of an organization of over 60 countries on six continents.


text:
Submitting Patches
This article is meant to help people to describe how to create, maintain and send patches that are easy to handle for the kernel maintainers.
Before generating patches for submittal, follow these steps:
- Make sure each patch can be used with git bisect. This involves making sure each single patch applied separately allows other platforms to still be buildable and bootable.
- The master branch of linux.git is simply the latest released code from Linus' upstream tree with any unmerged MIPS platform code mixed in. Do not use it to baseline patches against.
- Patches should be baselined against Linus' git repository, specifically whatever his latest -rcX tag is.
- Patches should also be test merged against the upstream-sfr.git repository on branch mips-linux-next.
- Finally, if any of your patches touch files outside the arch/mips directory, do a kernel build of any x86 architecture to make sure nothing gets broke from your patches.
Each patch should have a subject that concisely describes the patch which the email contains.
- It should not contain any filenames.
- Do not use the same subject for every patch in a patch series. Bear in mind that the subject of your email becomes a globally-unique identifier for that patch. It will propagate all the way into Linus' git tree. The subject may later be used in developer discussions which refer to the patch and people will want the ability to Google for the patch's subject.
- When sending a series of patches, the patches should be sequence numbered in the subject. Using git format-patch -X --cover-letter -o patches, where -X is the number of patches from HEAD or other commit identifier and -o specifies the output directory, will do all of this automatically. A cover letter file with subject of PATCH [0/X] where X is the total number of patches in the series, will be generated. You can then edit this file with a general top-level subject and give a detailed explanation of the patch series.
- It is nice if the subject includes mention of the subsystem which it affects like the following:
[PATCH 2/5] ext2: improve scalability of bitmap searching
- Various patch scripts used by developers will strip away any text inside brackets []. You should place information which has no long-term relevance to the patch inside them. This includes the word
PATCHand any sequence numbering. The subsystem identifier
ext2should hence be outside brackets.
Bear in mind that the changelog will also propagate all the way to Linus' tree. The changelog must describe the patch fully.
- Here are some guidelines for changelog content:
- Why the kernel needed patching.
- What the overall design approach in the patch was.
- Implementation details.
- Any testing results.
- There is no point in mentioning what version of the kernel the patch applies to. This is not interesting information as once the patch is in git, it will probably be merged into a later kernel version than the one which you wrote it for anyway.
- Do not refer to earlier patches in the changelog of a new version of a patch. It is not very useful to have a git changelog which says "OK, this fixes the things you mentioned yesterday". Each iteration of the patch should contain a standalone changelog.
- Add a Signed-off-by: line with your name and email address. If you are the person responsible for submitting patches for your group or company, you may have multiple Signed-off-by lines.
All patches should be generated using the
git format-patch command. No exceptions.
Patches are submitted via email only. Please read Mailing-patches for instructions once you have completed formatting your patches with git.
This article is derived from Andrew Morton's article at http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/stuff/tpp.txt.
- The patch management scripts at http://www.zip.com.au/~akpm/linux/patches/ implement all of the above.
- The patch management tools at https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/quilt/ also implement all of the above.


text:
Returns & Exchanges
Garçon Model® will accept returns and exchanges within 30 days of shipping. Based on current laws and health concerns, we cannot accept returns of used or worn items unless deemed defective.
Once your order has been approved for return (by emailing customer service), send the package back with the mention "Returned Goods" by regular mail:
Garçon Model Ltd.
(Returned Goods)
422 Richards St, Suite 170
Vancouver, BC, V6B 2Z4
* Packages returned by UPS/DHL/Fedex and other courriers will NOT be accepted due to brokerage fees.
- • Garçon Model will NOT cover the shipping cost of your return or exchange.
- • Product and packaging must arrive back in the same condition in which they were sent: new, unworn and not washed, and in the original packaging with their tags.
- • A refund will be issued once we receive the returned items. Lost in transit items will not be compensated for.
- • All exchanges are subject to availability.
- • Refunds will be issued in the original form of payment.
- • Refunds are applicable to the goods only and do not include any customs and shipping charges.
- • If your item(s) was purchased from one of our reseller stores, it will need to be exchanged or returned to that specific location.
- • Orders cancelled after being placed are subject to a $5 restocking fee.
For any questions regarding returns & exchanges, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com