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- Oil Expeller, Oil Press and Oil Refinery Machine Supplier
- ----------Shandong Leader Machinery Co.,ltd.
Home>Products>Biodiesel Oil Production Line>solvent extraction soybean oil plant with CE ISO Certificate
solvent extraction soybean oil plant with CE ISO Certificate
- Biodiesel Oil Production Line
Biodiesel Oil Production Line
- Jinan, China (Mainland)
- 1 Set/Sets solvent extraction soybean oil plant
- Biodiesel Oil Production Line
- Contact with us
- paypal,UnionPay, Visa/MasterCard, Amex, Discover,T/T
- 25 Set/Sets per Month solvent extraction soybean oil plant
Product Details
|solvent extraction soybean oil plant
|solvent extraction soybean oil plant
|Automatic Grade:
|Production Capacity:
|Place of Origin:
|Jinan, China (Mainland)
|Brand Name:
|Mao Sheng
|Model Number:
|solvent extraction soybean oil plant
|After-sales Service Provided:
|Engineers available to service machinery overseas
|Raw material:
|solvent extraction soybean oil plant
|Oil Extract Machine
|Oil Production Line
|Oil Production
|Energy Saving
|Application range:
|engery saving
|soybean/soybean meal/soybean cake
Product Description
This treatment technology of Biodiesel Oil Production Line is newly developed by our company Shandong Leader Machinery Co.,ltd., which can meet high quality standards of biodiesel and have many advantages such as fast reaction speed, high conversion rate, vitriol not required to be catalyst, sulphur controlled below 10ppm, small corrosivity to equipment, zero waste water discharge and others. The research of this technology solvent extraction soybean oil plant with CE ISO Certificate changed the record of using heterogeneous catalyst in old technologies, breaking the history of only having national standard biodiesel but no European standard biodiesel.Our company Shandong Leader Machinery Co.,ltd. regards "quality is life"as our enterprise spirit. Our products have already passed relevant International Quality Management System Certifications. Our products are also exported to European Union. We adopt highly abrasive materials and advanced processing technique of solvent extraction soybean oil plant with CE ISO Certificate, making the devices have long service life and wear-proof performance. We have won a great reputation at home and abroad.
solvent extraction soybean oil plant with CE ISO CertificateMS Business Scope
1.We undertake pre-treatment, pressing, extraction, oil refining and the auxiliary projects, the services include civil negineering, process design, auto-control, layout plan and the cereals and oils further processing, e.g.soybean phospholipids, proteins, rare and high-value oils. In addition, we undertake process design and construction of feed mill, wheat flour plants.
2. 10-500T/H oil material first cleaning,drying and storage section turn-key project.
3.100-3000 T/D oil pretreatment, shelling and pre-press workshop turnkey project (soybean hot peeling, bean skin crushing; the soybean extrusion, high oil contained pre-press cake extrusion, and high oil contained embryos puffed; of direct puffed).
4.100-3000T/D leaching workshop turnkey project (Towline extractor, Rotocel extractor, loop type extractor, DTDC separated machine, the full negative pressure evaporation, paraffin wax recovery, leaching workshop degum, phospholipid concentrate).
5.30-1000T/D oil continuous grade two or one physical (chemical) refining production line.
6.20-600T/D Crude palm oil, rice bran oil, corn germ oil dewaxing turn-key project
7.10-200T/D Fatty acid esterification production cooking oil production line.
product description
Towline Extractor:
Rotocel Extractor:
Complete Line Assembling :
|solvent extraction soybean oil plant process brief introduction:
1. Solvent pumps: continuously spray solvent to the rotary-type extractor.
2. Roary extractor: Spray and soak the pre-pressed cake with solvent so that oil fats can be
diss-olved in solvent(form miscella). After processing, you can get wet meal and miscella (mixed oil).
3. DTDC: usd to separate the solvent from the wet meal.
4. Miscella tank 1st: pump the miscella (oil with solvent) in to the miscella 1st , then add saline water to it. The phospholipid in the miscella will react with the saline water, at last the reactant precipitate,
reaching the goal of purifying.
5. Miscella tank 2nd: the purified miscella will be pumped into it.
6. Miscella stripping: it will remove the remaining solvent in miscella. And the solvent will be discharged to condenser for recycling.
7. Condensers: used to cooling the solvent gas separated from the wet meal and miscella for recycling.
Facyoty Workshop
Customer Visit
Our Services
1.Ensure to timely provide complete sets of equipment and accessories.
2.Ensure that one-time installation debugging acceptance.
3.To provide high quality material with preferential price.
4.Priority to provide customer our new craftworks and products
5.Free training technological operator to ensure the trained staff can operation independently.
6.In the installation process,we will appoint a installation supervision staff on the spot.
7.we will offer an experienced project manager, organize a good installation team for the work of field installation debugging.
8.After the equipment field assembly and installation, we will be also responsible for the single equipment debugging, online debugging and Feeding trial operation, to ensure that equipments
can normal operate in full load conditions.
|soybean protein isolate
Biodiesel Oil Production Line Totally getting rid of sulfur as catalyst and fully overcoming the problem of equipment corrosion caused by sulfur.solvent extraction soybean oil plant with CE ISO Certificate Products meet the sulfur content standards since we stopped using sulfur as catalyst.Because we don't adopt reaction of methyl alcohol and free fatty acid, so no water exists in methyl alcohol, which reduces solvent extraction soybean oil plant with CE ISO Certificate equipment investment.Shandong Leader Machinery Co.,ltd. By reason of not using mineral acid,emission loads of acid water and acid slag have greatly decreased, relatively reducing environmental pollution; Shandong Leader Machinery Co.,ltd. Some glycerin can be recycled and utilized continuously for several times, which saves production costs. Biodiesel Oil Production Line Products and raw materials exchange heat continuously for several times, realizing the cyclic utilization of thermal energy and significantly saving production costs of Biodiesel Oil Production Line.Independently researched and developed turbulent flow type tubular reactor solvent extraction soybean oil plant with CE ISO Certificate can realize continuous reaction at low temperature and product quality can be controlled on-line at any time, which thoroughly solves the instability problem of products generated by kettle type reaction, getting standard products of unified quality.
If you have any demand about microwave drying equipment and edible oil refining equipment, pls feel free contact us any time.
Whatsapp:+86 13064099546
NOTE:We can specially design the machine according to your production's features.
Contact Us
- Oil Expeller, Oil Press and Oil Refinery Machine Supplier
- AddressNo.15, Lanxiang Road, Tianqiao District, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Phone(Working Time)86-0531-85064681
- Fax86-0531-85064682
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text:
Introducing the Fiero Comp II Shifter.
An easy to install replacement of the Fiero factory shifter arm and boot. It is about 2" shorter than the Fiero OEM shifter. Installed height is 5 1/2" tall from the console top to the top of the shift knob. In neutral this shifter stands straight up.
Made from all new parts and requires no core exchange!
Shifter kit includes a new black leather boot glued to a laser cut steel frame. Frame has 4 steel studs welded in and includes washers and nylock nuts. Shaft is painted semi gloss black. Shifting effort is increased slightly but the shifting throws are reduced. This is a top quality replacement component!
Fits all 1984 to 1988 Fieros - 4 and 5 speeds!
* Part of the reduced shift throw is obtained by the lower section of the shift arm being longer in length.
Fiero Comp II Shifter consists of:
Thread size is 10 x 1.5 mm. Any shifter knob with 10 x 1.5 mm threads will screw onto this shifter if you choose to use a different shifter knob. The old VW Beetles used this thread size on their shifter knobs. Many aftermarket knobs exist for the older VW Beetles.
Here are the shifters I offer and how they compare heightwise: :
Hurst Shifter, Sport Shifter, Comp II Shifter and the Comp Shifter.
The Comp shifter can be shorthened about 3/4" lower because the threads are long. You can saw any amount off up to 3/4".
I do not offer free shipping.
Because I use postal flat rate boxes for heavy orders there is no program that can add the proper amount of shipping to every order. So all shipping is added manually by myself after you place your order. That is explained here: Shipping added later explanation
When you place an order the shipping amount will show $0.00. Soon after you place an order you will receive an email confirmation that shows the amount of shipping that was added to your order.
Shipping: Shipping is $11.00 (Midwest-USA)
Final shipping cost is determined by weight of the item(s) and distance from Milwaukee, WI. Shipping prices quoted are for items shipped to the Midwest area in the USA. If you are ordering a single item or multiple items the total shipping price is determined after you place the order. I try to keep my shipping prices to a minimum and use Postal Flat Rate boxes whenever I can utilize them for an order.

subset: commoncrawl


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World Languages & International Studies
The study of World Languages and International Studies and cultures truly responds to national and international needs. Language is the key to mutual understanding among nations. The Department is structured to provide all students with valuable and useful linguistic tools. Students who specialize in fields other than World Languages and International Studies receive collateral cultural training, to be used as a necessary skill in business, public administration, teaching, translation, interpretation, and international relations.
The Department offers minors and certificates of proficiency in French and Spanish and courses in:
Contact Us:
Holmes Hall 311
Morgan State University
1700 E. Cold Spring Ln.
Baltimore, MD 21251


text:
Field Forum
Structure and Neotectonic Evolution of Northern Owens Valley and the Volcanic Tableland, California
13–19 September 2009 • Bishop, California, USA
- David A. Ferrill and Alan P. Morris
- Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238-5166, USA
- Nancye H. Dawers
- Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
This GSA Field Forum was held in Bishop, California, and the surrounding regions of northern Owens Valley, USA, on 13–19 September 2009. Owens Valley is one of the most tectonically active transtensional basins in the United States. Superb exposure, rapid deformation, and the presence of the ca. 758,000 year old Bishop Tuff as a key marker horizon make this an ideal area for investigating the structure and neotectonic evolution of an actively forming, continental transtensional basin. Moreover, the distributed nature of faulting, particularly in the exposure of Bishop Tuff, known as the Volcanic Tableland, makes this an ideal natural laboratory for studies of fault growth, scaling, interaction, and linkage. The past two decades have seen a virtual explosion of this research, and lessons from northern Owens Valley have proven relevant to other evolving fault populations around the world.
We organized this Field Forum to gather investigators from diverse disciplines to share results and explore the relationships between long-term deformation, geodetic measurements, seismicity, fault growth and interaction, geochronology, and extensional and transtensional basin development. Our goals for the field forum were to (1) consolidate recent research in northern Owens Valley, (2) elevate the level of understanding of the structure and neotectonics of northern Owens Valley and the Eastern California shear zone–Walker Lane region, (3) foster collaboration between researchers working in the area and elsewhere, and (4) spark new ideas and stimulate new investigations.
The overall approach of the forum was to begin in an area where fundamental processes of fault evolution are easily elucidated. Therefore, we chose to focus first on the extensional faulting across the Volcanic Tableland, where displacement distributions along faults are well preserved. General concepts of fault growth, interaction, and linkage provided the underlying framework for discussion of large evolving fault systems.
The first and last days of the week were reserved for travel to and from eastern California. Thus, a total of 5 full days were spent in the field.
The general itinerary for the Field Forum is summarized as follows:
- Monday began with a general overview of the regional fault architecture of the northern Owens Valley from an overlook on the side of the valley west of Bishop. We then headed toward the Volcanic Tableland. By visiting key exposures at the lower end of the Owens River Gorge, the group was introduced to the eruptive and emplacement processes of the Bishop Tuff and the collapse of Long Valley caldera. Fault zone deformation was then examined in cross section along an exposure of tuff and volcaniclastic sedimentary strata known as Chalk Bluff.
- On Tuesday, we proceeded onto the plateau area of Volcanic Tableland to examine along-strike displacement distributions. This included a discussion of the various studies that have utilized faults exposed here for determining displacement-length scaling relations and unraveling patterns of fault interaction and linkage. The day concluded with travel around the Tableland to look at typical displacement gradients across a range of fault scales and spatial patterns. From the vantage point of the Tableland, we viewed and discussed larger nearby fault systems, such as the Fish Slough fault and the White Mountains fault along the eastern margin of Owens Valley.
- Wednesday morning was spent following an incised Pleistocene channel across overlapping faults and up a relay ramp; we were able to unravel the relative timing of activity on the faults and relate channel slope and fault-related knickpoints to the evolution of fault linkage. In the afternoon, we traveled east to the White Mountains fault and looked at evidence of normal and oblique (right-lateral) slip, and discussed temporal variations in the kinematics and rate of faulting there.
- On Thursday morning we looked at a succession of terraces along the Owens River, south of the Volcanic Tableland. An assessment of distributed strain was made by summing fault displacements across these post–Bishop Tuff geomorphic surfaces. The remainder of the day focused on the Round Valley fault, which marks the western margin of Owens Valley and is a major segment of the Sierra Nevada frontal fault system. We looked at localities in the vicinity of Pine Creek and Elderberry Canyon and had a lively discussion about constraining the dip of this important range-front system.
- Friday was our last field day. From Bishop, we headed south to the area surrounding the Big Pine volcanic field. In the Red Mountain area, we looked at displacements of several volcanic units, including Fish Springs cinder cone, and discussed the strain budget for northern Owens Valley. We concluded the Field Forum by visiting the Poverty Hills, which has been interpreted as either a manifestation of a restraining bend along the Owens Valley fault or a landslide block derived from Inyo Range.
The Field Forum benefited from having a diverse group of participants, which included researchers from academia, industry, and federal agencies. Students, both graduate and undergraduate, played an active role and contributed greatly. In addition to the discussions held in the field, many of the participants shared results of their research via evening poster sessions and short talks. The exchange of ideas and the recognition of the different perspectives of the geomorphologists, volcanologists, geochronologists, geophysicists, and structural geologists attending the forum were particularly instructive. The overarching goals of the Field Forum were achieved, and several specific remaining issues were identified for further study.
A special issue of the GSA journal Lithosphere titled "Structure and Neotectonic Evolution of Northern Owens Valley and the Volcanic Tableland, California" is in preparation. The special issue is being developed following a new model whereby accepted articles are published in regular journal issues as they are completed. The papers are designated as special issue papers when they are published and will be assembled into an online special issue.
The University of California White Mountain Research Station provided a venue for evening discussions and presentations.


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Trip Notes
Day 1 Kathmandu
Namaste! Welcome to Nepal.
Please arrive by 14:00 on Day 1 as we will have an important group briefing. Your leader will leave a note at reception telling you where and when this important meeting will take place. Please ask a member of reception for this information. It is also recommended that you have lunch beforehand, as we will be heading out after the meeting to visit Kathmandu Environmental Education Project (KEEP), an Intrepid Foundation project.
Kathmandu, the colourful capital of Nepal, is a fascinating blend of traditional architecture and symbols of the 20th Century. Its rich artistic and cultural heritage is evident where ornately carved balconies mingle with beautiful shrines and temples.
If you arrive early we recommend you check out Durbar Square with it's temples, markets and busy atmosphere. It is also worth the climb to visit the Swayambhunath - the 'monkey temple'. Explore the network of street markets and alley bazaars and Pashupatinath. For those with a few extra days in Kathmandu, the neighbouring towns of Patan and Bhaktapur are well worth a visit.
After our welcome meeting we'll visit KEEP's Traveller' Information Centre in the heart of Thamel, an organisation that advocates and promotes 'minimum impact' trekking by working with visitors, the tourism industry and the local community. As well as watching a presentation on their fantastic work, you'll have a chance to purchase eco-friendly trekker's items such as water purification tablets or have a coffee or snack at their Green Cafe with all profits going to KEEP's projects, including the Intrepid Foundation supported Porters Clothing Bank.
For more information on KEEP and other Intrepid Foundation projects in Nepal, visit our website: www.theintrepidfoundation.org
Included Activities
- Kathmandu - Visit by KEEP
- Activity
Optional Activities
- Kathmandu - Durbar Square - NPR750
- Kathmandu - Guided tour of Swayambhunath Temple - NPR200
- Kathmandu - Bodhnath Stupa - NPR200
- Kathmandu - Pashupatinath Temple - NPR1000
- Kathmandu - Day trip to Bhaktapur - NPR1500
- Kathmandu - Day trip to Patan - NPR500
- Everest View Flight in early morning - USD210
Local Guesthouse (1 nt)
Days 2-13 Everest Base Camp
Sitting at 8848 m Mt Everest, the highest peak in the world, is one of the greatest trekking destinations. Locally known as Sagarmatha, the mountain has long been revered as the home of the gods. First conquered by Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary in 1953, Everest has traditionally been the ultimate goal for mountaineers. On this trip you will take on the challenge of reaching the mountaineer's base camp and gain an insight into the world famous Sherpa culture. You will cross glaciers and broad plains, traverse valleys and climb high passes to reach the picturesque Everest Base Camp. Our accommodation comprises small, basic teahouses along the track. These basic but cosy remote houses are operated by the mountain Nepalese to cater for trekkers and also offer simple yet filling and delicious meals to sustain our efforts. This is a challenging trip and involves difficult trekking at high altitudes but the whole experience is simply awe-inspiring!
This is a trek that requires an excellent level of fitness as there are plenty of ascents and descents and the walking is very strenuous. The weather can be harsh in December and January, with a combination of snow and frosts.
This trip includes one or more overnight stays over 3500 metres/11500ft, where there is a genuine risk of being affected by Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). If left untreated AMS can be life-threatening. We would expect the majority of a group to notice the effects of being at high altitude, and while most will only feel discomfort, it is not uncommon for a small number of people to need extra care which will be provided by our leaders and local staff. All our trips that spend time at High Altitude follow our standard altitude safety measures.
A number of medical conditions or medications can also reduce your body's ability to acclimatise, and thus will affect your performance at altitude and make you more susceptible to AMS. If you are worried about any pre-existing condition (e.g. heart problems), or unsure of your physical ability, you must seek medical advice prior to booking. You may also wish to discuss medication such as Diamox that may help aid acclimatisation.
Please note that while we endeavour to assist all our clients in achieving their goals, there may be times your leader makes the decision to either delay or stop your ascent based on your medical conditions and AMS symptoms.
This trip is lead by an experienced English speaking local guide and two assistants who help with the daily logistics. Though you are expected to help carry your gear, there are porters provided to assist.
Details of the trip, which are subject to change due to weather conditions or any other factors outside of Intrepid's control, are as follows (please note all trekking times are approximate):
Day 2 - Phakding (2610 m)
Today we have a very early (approx. 6.30 am) flight from Kathmandu to Lukla (45 minutes). If the weather is good, the views of the Himalayas from the small plane are amazing! After breakfast in Lukla (2840 m), a short safety talk and an introduction to our porters, we gear up and commence our trek. Today is a fairly gentle introduction, following the milk-white Dudh Kosi River approximately three-hours to Phakding.
Overall Altitude gain between places we sleep is -190m
Day 3 - Namche Bazaar (3440 m)
Today we trek 9 km to Namche (approx. 6 hours), the administrative centre of the Khumbu region. This will be your last chance to check your equipment and hire any additional gear for the high altitudes from Dingboche onwards. Namche Bazaar is also the last chance for a hot shower, yummy feast, to enjoy the local nightlife or to take to the pool hall and video parlours.
Overall Altitude gain between places we sleep is 830m
Day 4 - Namche Bazaar
Today is an acclimatisation day where we will also visit the local museum and surrounding villages. The best way to acclimatise is to do a strenuous walk up to a high altitude then come back down to sleep. Remember - it doesn't matter how fit you are, anyone can be affected by altitude, so have a chat to your doctor before you leave to talk about the symptoms and what to expect.
Day 5 - Phortse Gaon (3810 m)
Today we trek for about 6-7 hours to cover the 9 km from Namche Bazaar to Phortse Gaon. This route offers amazing insight into the life and culture of the sherpas, and that night we stay in a village that is home to a number of sherpas who have reached Everest's summit. Looking out from Phortse Gaon, the views of Amadablam are great.
Overall Altitude gain between places we sleep is 370m
Day 6 - Dingboche (4410 m)
Climb above the tree-line and trek approximately six hours covering the distance of 8 kms to Dingboche.
Overall Altitude gain between places we sleep is 600m
Day 7 - Dingboche (4410 m)
Today is another acclimatisation day. Staying the night in Dingboche we take day hikes to Amadablam base camp, Nagarjun Hill or Chukkhung.
Day 8 - Lobuche (4900 m)
The trek to Lobuche is about five hours and covers 7 km, bringing us close to our ultimate goal!
Overall Altitude gain between places we sleep is 490m
Day 9 - Everest Base Camp (5364 m)
From Lobuche we trek to the Everest Base Camp and then back down to our lodge at Gorakshep (5140 m). Here we have astonishing views over the Himalayas.
Overall Altitude gain between places we sleep is 240m
Day 10 - Kala Pattar/Pheriche or Orsho
Today we witness some of the Himalayas most recognisable sights. We make an early start to avoid the early morning clouds and trek to Kala Pattar (5545 m) to witness the best views of Everest, Lhotse, Nuptse and other surrounding peaks. It's a tough walking day (approx. 7 hours), and depending on how the group feels, your leader will decide where you spend the night.
Day 11 - Tengboche (3840 m)
Trek to Tengboche (approx. 4 hours), for excellent views of Amadablam and a visit to the Tengboche Monastery and the Sherpa Heritage Foundation.
Day 12 - Monjo (2860 m)
Trek downhill and out of the national park to the small settlement of Monjo (approx. 5 hours)
Day 13 - Lukla
This morning we descend to Lukla for the night before flying back to Kathmandu.
Included Activities
- Porter for trekking days
- Everest Base Camp trek
- Return flight Kathmandu to Lukla
- Kala Patar trek
Teahouse (12 nts)
Days 14-15 Kathmandu
Weather permitting we take a short early morning fight from Lukla to Kathmandu on day 14 (approx 45 minutes). We'll return to the Kathmandu Guest House and have free time during the afternoon for further sightseeing or shopping. Shop in some of Kathmandu's many markets for clothing, embroidery, carpets or ceramics. If shopping is not your thing, take a trip over the Bagmati River to the adjacent city of Patan, with its abundance of temples and monasteries. We enjoy a final night together, reliving the trek and our extraordinary achievements.
Day 15 is departure day and we say 'Namaste' for memories that will last a lifetime. There are no activities planned for today and you are able to depart the hotel at any time. Check out time from the hotel is at 12 noon. If you are departing later, you can arrange luggage storage at the hotel.
Note - If there is bad weather or low cloud conditions our flight back to Kathmandu may not go, giving us an extra day in Lukla to relax or do a day walk. In this case, we will return to Kathmandu by late morning on day 15 and the trip will end with an arrival transfer back to our hotel.
At the end of your tour please consider donating to the KEEP Porters Clothing Bank. As you will have come to realise on your tour, porters play a vital role in the tourism industry enabling tourists to visit Nepal's most picturesque and difficult terrain. The majority are subsistence farmers who travel from lower areas of Nepal to the higher elevated trekking routes to find employment. Contrary to the belief that porters are well-adjusted to the cold and altitude of the Himalayas, every year many porters suffer from a variety of illnesses such as altitude sickness, snow blindness, hypothermia and frostbite and some even die as a result. The Clothing Bank was set up in 2009 to provide ill-prepared porters with better clothing suitable for trekking in a mountain environment and reduce the number of unnecessary illnesses and fatalities which occur each year.
Usually donations of used jackets and trousers/pants from Westerners do not fit Nepali porters who tend to be smaller. However donations of other clothing items such as socks, boots, sunglasses, warm gloves and sleeping bags are always welcome. Your leader can ensure that your donation is passed on.
If you would like to make a financial contribution to KEEP please do so through the Intrepid Foundation and we will match your donation dollar for dollar.
Local Guesthouse (1 nt)
We also recommend
If this trip is not quite right for you, cast your eye over these alternatives:
- Everest in Full Picture - Basix (HNAD-B)
- Annapurna Dhaulagiri (HNXD)
- Experience Nepal (HNSC)
Itinerary disclaimer
Occasionally our itineraries are updated during the year to incorporate improvements stemming from past travellers' comments and our own research. The information given in this itinerary may be slightly different to that in the brochure. It's very important that you print and review a final copy of your Trip Notes a couple of days prior to travel, in case there have been changes that affect your plans. For the latest updated Trip Notes please visit our website: www.intrepidtravel.com
Please note that while we operate successful trips in this region throughout the year, some changes may occur in our itineraries due to inclement weather and common seasonal changes to timetables and transport routes. This can happen with little notice so please be prepared for modifications to the route.
The comforts of home are more of a rarity. English isn't common and the food will be quite different to home. It's important to observe some of the local customs to not cause offence. Many of the locals' standard of living may be confronting.
Our highest physical rating. Get ready for a heart-pumping adventure with plenty of challenges and some extreme conditions. You'll be required to be seriously fit for this trip as difficult activities are included.
For the trek on this trip the general rule is you will need to be very fit, and the more preparation you have done for it the more you will enjoy it. You will be walking at altitudes of up to approximately 5545 metres above sea level and it will be demanding trekking. You will be walking with your day pack, with the possibility of extreme variations in temperature. We recommend that you undertake regular aerobic exercise in the months before you travel, particularly if you are not in the habit of regular exercise. Doing mountain walks or climbing long stair cases with a pack is good preparation (try putting a few bricks in your pack for real training). Walking, jogging, swimming or riding a bike are all good ways to increase your aerobic fitness, which will allow you to enjoy the trek to its fullest.
Included activities
Included activities are listed in the day-to-day itinerary, all other activities are optional and at your own expense. If you choose not to participate in the included activities on this itinerary, the cost will not be refunded.
Optional activities
A selection of optional activities are listed in the day-to-day itinerary. This isn't an exhaustive list and should be used as a guide only. Prices are approximate and are for entrance only and don't include transport to and from the sites or local guides unless indicated. All activities are subject to availability and it may not be possible to do all the activities listed in the time available at each destination.
Where activities are considered medium or high risk, we work with operators whose safety and credentials we have sighted and assessed. This means that it is possible that you may find the same activity cheaper with another operator on the ground, however we cannot vouch for the safety or quality of that operator. Activities not listed above have not been assessed by us and as such our staff and leaders are unable to assist you with booking these activities. The decision to partake in any activity not listed is at your own discretion and risk.
Money Exchange
The official currency of Nepal is the Nepali Rupee (NPR).
ATMs can only be found in Kathmandu, Pokhara and Bhaktapur. Money exchange facilities are available in Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitwan (only outside the park) and Bhaktapur.
The Government of Nepal has banned the import, export and use of 500 and 1000 Indian rupee notes in Nepal. You should ensure you are not carrying these notes on arrival in Nepal as they will be confiscated and you may be fined.
While travellers' cheques have security advantages exchanging them can be a lengthy process, commissions can be high (up to 10%) and they can be difficult to change in rural areas, on weekends and public holidays. If you choose to bring travellers' cheques, make sure they are a major brand and major currency.
Please note that most establishments in Asia will not accept foreign currency notes that are old, torn or faded and they can be very difficult to exchange or extra fees added when exchanging at banks. Please ensure that you have new, clean notes.
Spending money
Every traveller is different and therefore spending money requirements will vary. Some travellers may drink more than others while other travellers like to purchase more souvenirs than most. Please consider your own spending habits when it comes to allowing for drinks, shopping, participating in optional activities, and tipping. Please also remember the following specific recommendations when planning your trip.
If you are happy with the services provided a tip - though not compulsory - is appropriate. While it may not be customary to you, it is of great significance to the people who will take care of you during your travels, inspires excellent service, and is an entrenched feature of the tourism industry across many Intrepid destinations. We recommend that any tips are given to the intended recipient by a member of your group, rather than collected and passed on by the group leader.
The following amounts are based on local considerations and feedback from our past travellers:
Hotel porters: NPR50-100 is adequate for porters that assist you with bags to your room.
Restaurants: Please check the bill and if there's an addition of 10% service charge, there's no requirement for tipping. Otherwise 5-10% of the total bill amount is appropriate.
Local guides: Throughout your trip you may at times have a local guide in addition to your leader. We suggest US$2-3 per person, per day for local guides. (Including city tour guides, jungle guides, rafting guides, assistant trek guides)
Porters: Throughout your trip you may at times have a porter in addition to your leader. We suggest US$2-3 per person, per day, per porter.
Drivers: You may have a range of drivers on your trip. Some may be with you for a short journey while others may be with you for several days. We would suggest a higher tip for those more involved with the group however a base of US$2-3 per person, per day is generally appropriate.
Local transport: For a city tour we suggest US$2 per person, per day.
Your Group Leader: You may also consider tipping your leader for outstanding service throughout your trip. The amount is entirely a personal preference; however as a guideline US$3-5 per person, per day can be used. Of course you are free to tip more or less as you see fit, depending on your perception of service quality and the length of your trip. Remember, a tip is not compulsory and should only be given when you receive excellent service.
NOTE: Please don't tip with coins or notes of or less than NPR50, or dirty and ripped notes. This is regarded culturally as an insult.
Departure tax
A departure tax of NPR200 each way for the flight to and from Lukla is NOT included. All international departure taxes should be included in your flight ticket.
Important notes
Please bring 2 passport size photographs for your trekking permit to the group meeting.
Weather conditions in the Himalayas can change rapidly and our group leader may be forced to change the trip itinerary accordingly. During the winter months from November to January, flights across Nepal, particularly in high mountain areas, can be delayed due to poor weather conditions. In November 2010 flights from Lukla were delayed for over one week. Travel in rural areas during Monsoon Season (June - September) can be hazardous, with rains causing flooding and landslides that can cut off regions for days at a time. Travellers need to be prepared for all weather conditions and changes in planned itineraries if necessary.
Kathmandu Valley-wide transport bandhs (strikes) can be called at very short notice. When these bandhs are in place the Nepal Tourism Board and the Nepal Tourist Police in conjunction with the Himalayan Rescue Association run Shuttle Bus Services between various hotels in Kathmandu and the domestic and international airports; this service costs 300 rupees person.
Your fellow travellers
As you travel on a group trip you will be exposed to all the pleasures and maybe some of the frustrations of travelling in a group. Your fellow travellers will probably come from all corners of the world and likely a range of age groups too. We ask you to be understanding of the various needs and preferences of your group - patience with your fellow travellers is sometimes required for the benefit of everyone's travel experience. Remember too that you have responsibilities to the group. If you are requested to be at a place at a certain time, ensure that you don't keep the rest of the group waiting. We have found time and time again that the very best trips we operate are those where the dynamics within the group work well - this takes just a little effort on your part.
Due to privacy reasons we are unable to provide you with contact details and any personal information about your fellow travellers booked on your trip prior to departure. However you can download Intrepid's FREE Meet Up app to chat with your fellow travellers before your trip. Meet up, discuss your upcoming trip and share the excitement of planning for your adventure. For more information visit: www.intrepidtravel.com/meetup
Single travellers
Our group trips are designed for shared accommodation and don't involve a compulsory single supplement. Single travellers share with people of the same gender in accommodation ranging from twin to multishare. Some of our itineraries have accommodation booked on a mixed gender share basis and where applicable this will be specified in our Trip Notes. On a selection of our trips, you have the option to pay a single supplement to ensure that you have your own accommodation (where available). Please note that this only applies to accommodation during the tour - pre-trip and post-trip accommodation will be booked on a single room basis.
Teahouse (12 nts), Local Guesthouse (2 nts)
Accommodation at local lodges - better known as teahouses - are simple but comfortable. Toilets and washing facilities are shared and rudimentary, and the food is plain and filling. In a teahouse, passengers are provided with small twin share rooms with twin beds, mattresses and pillows. At times, in high seasons, and in places where there are limited number of teahouses, passengers have to make do with dormitories. In some places, teahouses don't have access to electricity, depending on solar powered lighting instead. In more remote regions, teahouses don't have running water and toilets can mean just a hole in the ground. Hot shower facilities are available in some teahouses for a price but in most of the places, a hot shower means a bucket of hot water, barely enough to wash your body.
Meals introduction
While travelling with us you'll experience the vast array of wonderful food available in the world. Your group leader will be able to suggest restaurants to try during your trip. On our camping trips we often cook the region's specialities so you don't miss out. To give you the maximum flexibility in deciding where, what and with whom to eat, generally not all meals are included in the trip price. This also gives you more budgeting flexibility. As a rule our groups tend to eat together to enable you to taste a larger variety of dishes and enjoy each other's company. There's no obligation to do this though.
No meals included
Budget for meals not included:
Bus, Plane
For all flights to/from Lukla a maximum of 10kg of check-in luggage and 5kg of carry-on hand luggage per person is included with your flight ticket. Excess baggage (up to 5kg per person only) will be charged at NPR120 per person at your own expense.
Group leader
All Intrepid group trips are accompanied by one of our group leaders. The aim of the group leader is to take the hassle out of your travels and to help you have the best trip possible. Intrepid endeavours to provide the services of an experienced leader however, due to the seasonality of travel, rare situations may arise where your leader is new to a particular region or training other group leaders.
Your leader will provide information on the places you are travelling through, offer suggestions for things to do and see, recommend great local eating venues and introduce you to our local friends. While not being guides in the traditional sense you can expect them to have a broad general knowledge of the places visited on the trip, including historical, cultural, religious and social aspects. At Intrepid we aim to support local guides who have specialised knowledge of the regions we visit. If you were interested in delving deeper into the local culture at a specific site or location then your leader can recommend a local guide service in most of the main destinations of your trip.
Joining point
Kathmandu Guest House
Chaksibari Marga
Phone: +977 14700632
Joining point description
The first ever hotel in Thamel, and used to be a 'Rana' mansion. It is located right in the centre of Kathmandu and boasts a famous garden, courtyard restaurant and 24hr security including CCTV. Please note, as the name suggests, this is a guest house with over 100 rooms, rather than a hotel and the rooms are generally small and basic.
Joining point instructions
There are two pre-paid taxi booths inside the terminal, one on each side as you exit the baggage claim area. They have fixed rates of NPR600 to anywhere in the Thamel area from 6am-8pm and NPR800 from 8pm-6am. Otherwise you will need to bargain hard from the taxi rank outside of the airport - aim for NPR500. The drive into Thamel takes 30 to 40mins dependant on the traffic.
Alternatively Intrepid offer a pre-arranged transfer service option. Enquire with your agent and advise your flight arrival details at least 14 days prior to your trip departure. If you have purchased an arrival transfer you will be met after exiting customs outside. Look for our representative holding a sign with your name on it. If you have any trouble locating your transfer rep, or if your flight is going to be delayed, please call the following numbers:
+977 980 106 8827 (Balaram)
+977 980 105 9148 (Dil)
Normal check in time at the hotel is after 12:00.
Arrival complications
We don't expect any problems (and nor should you) but if for any reason you are unable to commence your trip as scheduled, please contact your starting point hotel, requesting that you speak to or leave a message for your group leader.
Please also make sure have a copy of the local operator's emergency phone numbers from our Emergency Contact section of these trip notes.
Finish point
Kathmandu Guest House
Chaksibari Marga
Phone: +977 14700632
Finish point description
The first ever hotel in Thamel, and used to be a 'Rana' mansion. It is located right in the centre of Kathmandu and boasts a famous garden, courtyard restaurant and 24hr security including CCTV. Please note, as the name suggests, this is a guest house with over 100 rooms, rather than a hotel and the rooms are generally small and basic.
Finish point instructions
A taxi to the airport will cost about NPR600 from 6am-8pm and NRP800 from 8pm-6am. Hotel reception or your leader can help you organise a taxi.
Alternatively Intrepid offer a pre-booked transfer service - enquire at the time of booking.
Normal check out time is 12 noon. If you are departing later, you can arrange luggage storage at the hotel.
Emergency contact
In the case of a genuine crisis or emergency please contact our local office in Kathmandu on +977 9801 123 617
For further contact details please visit:
Emergency funds
Please also make sure you have access to an additional US$500, to be used when unforeseen incidents or circumstances outside our control (eg. a natural disaster, civil unrest or an outbreak of bird flu) necessitate a change to our planned route.
Visas are the responsibility of the individual traveller. The visa requirements for your trip vary depending on where you are from and where you are going. As a general rule most countries expect that you will have at least 6 months' validity on your passport. On arrival visitors may be asked to present return tickets and evidence of means to cover your intended stay.
We keep the following information up to date as much as possible, but rules do change - it's important that you check for yourself. Residents from other countries must consult the relevant embassies or your travel agent.
All foreign nationals (except Indians) require a visa to enter Nepal. Visas are obtainable from embassies abroad on arrival at Tribhuvan International Airport and at some land borders (including borders with India and Tibet).
Getting a visa at the airport can sometimes take time due to long queues. There have been instances when passengers were asked to show return flight tickets. You will also need to provide two passport photos and the following fees in US dollars cash. Other currencies are also accepted although rates may differ. The following costs were correct at time of writing:
- Multi entry visa valid for 15 days - US$25
- Multi entry visa valid for 30 days - US$40
- Multi entry visa valid for 90 days - US$100
Please note if you are staying in Nepal for less than 24 hours while in transit a transit visa can be issued on presentation of your international flight ticket, there is a nominal charge of US$5 and one photo is required.
Your visa application form may require you to state the dates on which you enter and exit that country. Please note we suggest you list your date of entry a few days before, and date of exit a few days after, your intended dates in case you encounter any delays or problems en route. To help calculate the exact dates of these crossings we have found the website www.timeanddate.com to be very useful.
Issues on your trip
While we always endeavour to provide the best possible holiday experience, due to the nature of travel and the areas we visit sometimes things can and do go wrong. Should any issue occur while you are on your trip, it is imperative that you discuss this with your group leader or our local representative straight away so that they can do their best to rectify the problem and save any potential negative impact on the rest of your trip.
We recognise that there may be times when your group leader/local partner may not be able to resolve a situation to your satisfaction - if this is the case, please ask the leader to speak to their direct manager.
You may also choose to provide details in your online feedback, which we ask you to complete within 30 days of the end of your trip. But we do ask you to be aware that it is very difficult for us to provide any practical help after the trip is complete.
What to take
What you need to bring will vary according to the trip style you have chosen, the countries you are visiting and when you are travelling. Generally speaking you should pack as lightly as possible. On the vast majority of our trips you are expected to carry your own luggage, although you won't be required to walk long distances with it (max 30 minutes).
Most travellers carry their luggage in a backpack, although an overnight bag with a shoulder strap would suffice if you travel lightly. Smaller bags or backpacks with wheels are convenient although we recommend your bag has carry straps. You'll also need a day pack/bag to carry water and a camera etc for day trips.
You can find Intrepid's Ultimate Packing List on our website. It should be used as a guide only and isn't intended to be a complete packing list.
Go to Intrepid's Ultimate Packing List
Please keep the weight and bulk of your main pack to a minimum by bringing clothes made from lightweight material. Don't pack too much clothing; one or two changes will be all you need. However, as the weather conditions in the Himalayas are often unpredictable, be prepared for all eventualities, be it rain, unseasonable cold or heat. For the trek all of your gear should be packed into plastic bags to protect from the weather - dry clothes are essential for your comfort.
A medium size, comfortable day-pack is required for you to carry personal personal items such as camera, water bottle, valuables, sunscreen, hat etc...
Intrepid provide porters to assist with carrying your main pack, and you will be expected to carry your day pack. Please keep your main pack luggage to a minimum - baggage to be carried by a porter can NOT exceed 10kgs per person.
For all trekking tours you will need the following items:
- Thermals to wear underneath your normal clothing
- Warm, waterproof and windproof jackets and pants
- Thermal lined gloves
- A warm hat (and perhaps a sun hat)
- Good walking boots/shoes with ankle support that are well broken-in (this means worn frequently prior to travel because new boots invariably equal blisters and discomfort).
- Down jacket
Please note all the equipment above, as well as sleeping bags and packs of different sizes, are available to hire on the ground in both Kathmandu or Pokhara. Keep in mind that this can depend on availability and the standard of equipment can vary. Many passengers prefer to bring everything themselves. We do not recommend hiring boots.
Remember to also bring a mixture of t-shirts, long sleeve shirts, warm sweaters, good socks, trousers (lightweight cargo trousers are better than jeans) for layering and for the lower altitudes, and make note of which season you are travelling in.
A sleeping bag is essential while trekking as only blankets are provided at tea houses. Please note that sleeping bags, are readily available to buy or hire in both Kathmandu and Pokhara at very reasonable rates. Most items can be hired for no more than US$2 per day. Your group leader can assist you in hiring gear. If you plan to hire a sleeping bag we recommend that you bring an inner sleeping sheet, which adds another layer of warmth. Please note for camping treks you need to either bring or hire a 4 season sleeping bag.
It's important that your bags can be locked, as on local transport it may be necessary to store your luggage separately (and unattended). The smaller your bag the better for you and other passengers, for when it comes to travelling on local buses and trains it's often only the smaller bags that will fit into the storage areas. If your bag does not fit in these areas then often the only place to put it is on your bed or seat. To ensure maximum comfort, try to pack small and light.
Where Intrepid covers the cost of luggage storage for included day trips, we allow for one bag/backpack only, so it's advisable that you travel lightly and keep luggage to a limit of one item (plus your day pack). Extra luggage storage will be at your own expense.
Please note you do not need to take all your gear with you while trekking - we can leave luggage behind at the hotel and collect it at the end of the trek.
Before departing on your trek, make sure you have enough Nepalese currency to purchase meals and drinks during the trek - in the smallest denominations possible, as there are no ATM's and no one out there is going to be able to change a NPR500 note!
Consider bringing your own water bottle to refill along the way. The sale of bottled water contributes to an enormous environmental problem around the world. In addition to the water in bottles, the production of a 1 litre plastic bottle takes 2 litres of water and 200ml of oil. A large proportion ends up in limited landfill or discarded in waterways and natural environments. Although it can be difficult to avoid bottled water when travelling, please consider water purification techniques such as iodine or micropur and use the water dispensers which are provided at some of our accommodation. When unable to avoid bottled water it is better to buy the largest available and distribute into your smaller bottle for the day.
While trekking, boiled or safe water is available for drinking. However, you should also carry a water purification method. Options include:
- purification tablets available from camping stores or pharmacies eg. Micropur.
- 2% tincture of iodine, available from pharmacies, used at 4 drops per litre of water and left for at least 20 minutes - longer in very cold weather.
All Intrepid travellers need to be in good physical health in order to participate fully on this trip. When selecting your trip please make sure you have read through the itinerary carefully and assess your ability to cope with our style of travel. Please note that if, in the opinion of our group leader or local guide, any traveller is unable to complete the itinerary without undue risk to themselves and/or the rest of the group, Intrepid reserves the right to exclude them from all or part of a trip without refund.
You should consult your doctor for up-to-date medical travel information or for any necessary vaccinations and anti-malarial requirements before departure. We recommend that you carry a first aid kit as well as any personal medical requirements (including a spare pair of glasses) as they may not easily be obtained at the locations on this trip. For legal reasons our leaders and guides are prohibited from administering any type of drugs including headache tablets and antibiotics. Please ensure that you are adequately prepared.
WARNING - HIGH ALTITUDE TRIPS (sleeping over 3500m):
This trip includes one or more overnight stays over 3500 metres/11500ft, where there is a genuine risk of being affected by Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). If left untreated AMS can be life-threatening. We would expect the majority of a group to notice the effects of being at high altitude, and while most will only feel discomfort, it is not uncommon for a small number of people to need extra care which will be provided by our leaders and local staff. All our trips that spend time at High Altitude follow our standard altitude safety measures.
A number of medical conditions or medications can also reduce your body's ability to acclimatise, and thus will affect your performance at altitude and make you more susceptible to AMS. If you are worried about any pre-existing condition (e.g. heart problems), or unsure of your physical ability, you must seek medical advice prior to booking. You may also wish to discuss medication such as Diamox that may help aid acclimatisation.
Please note that while we endeavour to assist all our clients in achieving their goals, there may be times your leader makes the decision to either delay or stop your ascent based on your medical conditions and AMS symptoms.
On some days this trip may ascend faster than commonly published recommended ascent rates at altitude. However, based upon an assessment by our external safety and medical advisors, and in conjunction with our own risk assessments we consider that the ascent rate is acceptable due to the additional safety measures that are in place for our customers. If you have concerns about this, please speak to your booking representative.
Please read the following document carefully and, during your trip, utilise the table on the back daily to record your own perspective of your general health and any symptoms you may experience:
Medical treatment is expensive at western travellers' clinics in Nepal. Healthcare is poor in most places outside the Kathmandu Valley and Pokhara. It may be difficult to get rapid helicopter evacuation if you fall ill or suffer a serious accident in a remote area of the country. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad, repatriation and evacuation by helicopter.
There have been some cases of avian influenza (bird flu) among birds and poultry in parts of the country. The risk to humans is believed to be very low, but as a precaution you should avoid visiting live animal markets, poultry farms and other places where you may come into close contact with birds, and make sure poultry and egg dishes are thoroughly cooked.
Many national governments provide a regularly updated advice service on safety issues involved with international travel. We recommend that you check your government's advice for their latest travel information before departure and ensure that your travel insurance covers you for all areas your itinerary covers. Please refer to our website's safety page for links to major travel advisories and updates on safety issues affecting our trip.
We strongly recommend the use of a neck wallet or money belt while travelling, for the safe-keeping of your passport, air tickets, cash and other valuable items. Leave your valuable jewellery at home - you won't need it while travelling. Many of our hotels have safety deposit boxes, which is the most secure way of storing your valuables. A lock is recommended for securing your luggage.
Your leader will accompany you on all included activities, however during your trip you'll have some free time to pursue your own interests, relax and take it easy or explore at your leisure. While your group leader will assist you with the available options in a given location, please note that any optional activities you undertake are not part of your Intrepid itinerary, and Intrepid makes no representations about the safety of the activity or the standard of the operators running them. Please use your own good judgement when selecting an activity in your free time. Please also note that your group leader has the authority to amend or cancel any part of the trip itinerary if it's deemed necessary due to safety concerns.
For more details on the type of conditions and safety standards you can expect on your trip, please refer to Intrepid's operational safety policy on our website. We recommend that you take a moment to read through this information before travelling, and would appreciate any feedback on how well it's being implemented in the field:
Before deciding whether or not you want to travel on this trip, please have a read of the training for a trek document.
There have been a number of recent air accidents in Nepal. We only use airlines that have passed strict safety audits for internal flights on this trip, including Buddha Air, Yeti Air & Tara Air. EU clients please see our safety page for important information regarding internal flights in Nepal.
Pick-pocketing and bag-snatching are common, particularly in airports and on buses. Take care when walking around at night. Avoid walking on your own and don't carry large sums of cash. Keep valuables in a hotel safe if possible. Bars and restaurants now close at midnight as part of a government crackdown on illegal activities. Foreigners remaining in bars and clubs after hours have been detained by the police.
With the exception of medical and emergency evacuations, due to the safety risks involved we are unable to use helicopters as a substitute for cancelled or postponed internal flights or for any other itinerary alterations.
Travelling in India and Nepal whilst the Holi festival is on (a lunar festival but generally held in March every year), can at times be dangerous - a lot of locals participate in consumption of intoxicating substances. The day has been associated with physical violence and danger. Your leader will be advising you and your group on what places to avoid on this day and it may even be necessary for us to alter your itinerary for the day to avoid putting you or our group leader in high risk situation.
Depending on where you come from please note that drivers in this part of the world may drive on the opposite side of the road from what you are used to. Look both ways before crossing any road. Traffic can be a little more chaotic than you might be used to at home. Be aware!
Please be aware that local laws governing transportation safety may differ from those in your home country and not all the transport which we use is able to provide seat belts.
Travel insurance
Travel insurance is compulsory for all our trips. We require that, at a minimum, you are covered for medical expenses including emergency repatriation. We strongly recommend that the policy also covers personal liability, cancellation, curtailment and loss of luggage and personal effects.
When travelling on a trip, you won't be permitted to join the group until evidence of travel insurance and the insurance company's 24 hour emergency contact number has been seen by your leader.
If you have credit card insurance your group leader will require details of the participating insurer/underwriter, the level of coverage, policy number and emergency contact number rather than the bank's name and credit card details. Please contact your bank for these details prior to arriving in-country.
Please go to our website for links to various travel insurance providers:
Please ensure that your policy does cover you up to the maximum altitude on this trip, and includes helicopter evacuation. Proof of this must be taken with you on the trip, as you will need to show it to the leader.
Responsible Travel
We believe strongly in low impact or rather positive impact tourism. Broadly speaking this means that we try to minimise the negative aspects of tourism on the local cultures and environments that we visit and highlight the positive aspects. Please visit our website for further details and suggestions on how you can be a responsible traveller:
Women should avoid wearing shorts and sleeveless tops in public places where this might be seen as inappropriate. Remove shoes before entering certain holy places. Non-Hindus are not permitted in some temples.
A couple of rules
Illegal drugs will not be tolerated on our trips. Possessing or using drugs not only contravenes the laws of the land, but also puts the rest of the group at risk. Smoking marijuana and opium is a part of local culture in some parts of the world but is not acceptable for Intrepid travellers. Intrepid's philosophy of travel is one of respect towards everyone we encounter and in particular, the local people who make our destinations such special places. The exploitation of prostitutes is completely contrary to this philosophy. Our group leader has the right to expel any member of the group if drugs are found in their possession or if they use prostitutes.
Everyone has the right to feel safe and secure on their trip. We don't tolerate any form of sexual harassment at Intrepid, either between passengers or involving our leaders or local operators. Sexual relationships (consensual or otherwise) between a leader and a passenger are unacceptable. If you ever feel another person is behaving inappropriately please inform us immediately by contacting the emergency contact number detailed in these trip notes.
The Intrepid Foundation
Since Intrepid Travel commenced operating in 1989 we've been committed to giving something back to the communities we visit. One way has been through our support for local humanitarian, development and conservation projects. Many of our travellers want to contribute something too. Whilst it is often tempting to give hand-outs to those less fortunate, this has the potential to promote a culture of begging and dependency. Handouts are not a sustainable way for individuals or communities to live. That's why we established The Intrepid Foundation – to make it easier for travellers wishing to give back to communities in an effective and meaningful way.
The Intrepid Foundation is a not-for-profit fund offering a selection of excellent grassroots organisations which you can contribute to. All donations to The Intrepid Foundation will be matched by Intrepid Travel dollar for dollar (up to AU$5,000 per donor and a total of AU$400,000 for all donors in each financial year). And every cent gets there as Intrepid Travel pays for all the administration costs. Donating is simple and secure. Please ask your leader for information on the projects we support through The Intrepid Foundation or go to our website:
Responsible Travel projects
Organisations and projects currently supported by The Intrepid Foundation in Nepal include:
* Kathmandu Environmental Education Program (KEEP)
KEEP advocates and promotes 'minimum impact' trekking by working with visitors, the tourism industry and the local community. KEEP offers training on nature conservation to the local Nepalese, as well as basic and intermediate English for trekking guides and lodge owners, first aid training, eco-trekking workshops and courses on ecological thinking and Positive Impact Tourism. Your support through The Intrepid Foundation will support the purchase of clothing and equipment for the Porters Clothing Bank, and the conduct of porters' awareness workshops. www.keepnepal.org
just-one targets disadvantaged children living in dangerous and vulnerable situations on the streets and provides them with training and educational opportunities that bring greater economic security to themselves and their families. Your support through The Intrepid Foundation will assist them in developing their current facilities to include an activity centre and library at their rehab home, and help them build capacity to reach an even greater number of disadvantaged children.
*Prisoner's Assistance (PA) Nepal
Prisoner's Assistance (PA) Nepal helps to equip children of prisoners with self-sustaining life skills and education, moving them out of prisons and into the community. Your support through The Intrepid Foundation will help increase the capacity PA Nepal to support more prisoners' children.
For more information on our projects in Nepal, or to make a donation, visit: www.theintrepidfoundation.org/projects/?projectcountry=nepal
Carbon offset
Carbon Offset C02-e 224.00 kgs per pax.
After your travels, we want to hear from you! We rely on your feedback. We read it carefully. Feedback helps us understand what we are doing well and what we could be doing better. It allows us to make improvements for future travellers.


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Closely Matching Concepts from Other Schemes
Editorial Notes
subdivision [Characters--Scientists] under names of individual literary authors, e.g. [Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616--Characters--Scientists]
Change Notes
- 1994-11-15: new
- 1998-01-13: revised
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Artist description:
ref has been used
Flash Draw Created Mar 08, 2013 460 x 640px Unless noted Copyright 2013 shakeh.
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Wow what a believe the best drawing robin i have seen
Beautiful! well done! :)
Looks perfect!
Very nice draw,love it 5/5
It is amazing!
Isn't that a "red robin"? Very nice picture!
So AMazing!
Amazing . i love it !
Sooo nice! 5H!


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When the mining sector releases its quarterly results this month, the effect of one of the worst strike seasons in South Africa's history is expected to weigh heavily on earnings, with losses in production recorded across the board.
Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan, in his mid-term budget speech in October, estimated the total value of production lost to the platinum and gold sector since the beginning of the year at R10.1-billion. But one fund manager estimates that the figure is a lot higher, with at least R10-billion lost in production by the platinum sector alone.
Months of strikes have cut production in the gold and platinum sectors, although the bulk of the gold sector's striking miners returned to work in October under threat of dismissal.
Gordhan told Parliament in October that the industry had contracted by 6.3% in the first half of 2012, compared to the same period last year, following a sharp decline in platinum group metals output before the start of the strikes in August.
The latest figures show that production in platinum group metals is down by 15.3% in the year to August, compared with a 3% drop in mining output overall.
Ironically, the reduction in the supply of platinum group metals experienced a rebound in the platinum price in September. Some fund managers believe the platinum sector could present long-term opportunities for investors, especially because the shares are now at their lowest levels in 20 years (See "platinum's buying opportunities come knocking").
Fund managers and analysts expect earnings from gold producers AngloGold and Gold Fields for the quarter July to September to reflect losses in production because of strikes. But smaller rival Harmony was expected to post improved earnings on the back of a 3% increase in the gold price and a weaker rand.
Greater impact
The higher gold prices are not expected to be sufficient to offset losses in AngloGold and Gold Fields.
The weaker rand and an increase in the gold price had a greater impact on Harmony than the others because South Africa accounts for about 90% of its output, whereas Gold Fields gets about 50% of its global output from South Africa and AngloGold about 40%.
Harmony lost no production during the quarter because of strikes, as its staff at Kusasalethu only went on strike on October 3. Production was up 8%, but was expected to fall in December because of strike action.
AngloGold Ashanti has already said it expects its production for the September quarter to be 4% lower than its previous forecast of 1.07-million ounces because of labour unrest in South Africa and lower-than-anticipated production in Obuasi in Ghana.
Gold Fields has disclosed that its production will be 6% lower because of a fire at its KDC mines and illegal strikes there and at Beatrix. Its management has said that cash costs in South Africa will be negatively affected by lower production.
Two gold mine companies likely to see increased production, according to JP Morgan, are DRDGold with a 16% increase and Randgold Resources with a 2% increase.
Strikes hit the platinum sector hardest and it is also struggling with weaker demand from Europe and the United States.
Borrowing too heavily
Impala Platinum (Implats), the world's second-largest platinum producer, announced in August that its annual profit had dropped by 38%. It will publish its quarterly production figures this month. Adjusted earnings for Implats fell from R6.64-billion the year before to R4.15-billion.
A fund manager said that both Lonmin and Anglo Platinum (Amplats), the world's largest platinum producer, were borrowing too heavily to keep operations going, although Amplats had an advantage because it could borrow from Anglo American, which owns 80% of the platinum company.
Lonmin, which was hit hard by the Marikana strike, announced at the end of October that it planned a rights issue to raise $800-million to pay its debts and buoy its balance sheet while it stabilises and grows production. Forty-six people died in the six-week strike and 110 000 ounces of platinum were lost.
Lonmin's shares have halved in value since the start of the year, but were starting to show a slow recovery at the end of October. The company said its production was down by 50.4% compared with the same period in 2011, a decrease of 1.63-million tonnes. It attributed the fall primarily to the strike.
Amplats said in its quarterly review for the period July to September that wildcat strikes had cost it 42 000 ounces of production during the period and another 96000 ounces were lost since October 1. It said production fell by 6% year on year to 626 000 ounces in the three months to September, compared with the 667 000 ounces produced in the corresponding period in the previous year.
In comparison, Amplats's production at its own operations fell by 5% year on year, from 447 000 ounces in the three months to September 2011 to 426 000 ounces in the period under review. It said it expected its data for the next quarter to bear the brunt of the work stoppages that had been going on since September.
Labour unrest
Gordhan has said in the past few weeks that he believes the crisis in the mining sector is past, but fund managers and analysts believe that the impact of the unrest will still be felt in the December quarter and further job losses could still be seen.
AngloGold and Gold Fields fired 12 000 and 8 500 wildcat strikers respectively after they ignored a deadline to return to work, Xstrata has dismissed 400 workers and the Bokoni Platinum mine in Limpopo 2 000 workers.
Old Mutual's mining and resources fund head, Ian Woodley, said the continued labour unrest in the sector would have a negative impact on confidence, because most investors believed the labour issues would continue into 2013.
A fund manager said the view in the market was that further retrenchments could depend on whether Amplats's restructuring plans involved job losses.
"Amplats is expected to complete its restructuring study this month or in December and if it decides that more job losses are needed, it may give the sector the encouragement it needs to cut more jobs."
Gordhan has estimated that the crisis in the mining sector will affect South Africa's gross domestic product target for 2012, which has been revised down from 2.7% to 2.5%. He said a depressed mining sector affected related industries, including manufacturing, logistics and services.
Platinum's buying opportunities come knocking
The mining sector is under pressure, but this raises questions about whether there are opportunities for investors wanting to take advantage of the lower share prices.
The gold mining sector shares lost value as it grappled with labour unrest and higher labour costs, but the platinum sector experienced the biggest losses with shares reaching 20-year lows.
Analysts differ on where they believe money is to be made and whether it might be better to buy the metal itself. But this would mean that investors could miss out on the benefits of gold shares, which see significant gains in times of uncertainty.
Some analysts regard the platinum companies as a good investment because the strikes reduced output by 10% this year, creating a better supply and demand ratio that could push up demand and the share price.
Analysts are listing Aquarius Platinum, previously the worst performer of the four largest platinum producers, as a buy, which is an example of how the fortunes of a company can change.
On Tuesday this week the stock rose by 8.6%, the biggest intraday gain since October 5, after reports in the British media that Anglo American, owner of the world's largest platinum producer, and BHP Billiton may be among possible bidders for Aquarius. It did not say where its information had originated.
Aquarius was already regarded as a good option by some brokers, because it was largely unaffected by strikes. Its mines had also been put on care and maintenance before the strikes began.
One analyst felt that the price environment for gold was better than for platinum because his company was selling more gold.
Harmony was seen by some analysts as a good investment, despite the company falling by 26% in 2012, making it the worst performer on the five-member FTSE/JSE Africa gold mining index. The July to September quarter was unaffected by strikes and it said in August that it planned to increase production by 45% during the next four years. But, according to the latest estimates, Harmony's production in the final quarter of the year will be down. DRDGold and Randgold Resources, on the other hand, are expected to show production increases of 16% and 2% respectively.
The platinum mines are feeling the pressure of reduced demand for vehicles in Europe because of its economic woes, but a shortage of supply in time could see greater demand in countries such as China and India.
Besides Aquarius, Northam and Amplats are seen as offering good opportunities in this sector. Amplats is restructuring, which analysts believe offers the company room for more growth.
Investors need not only consider platinum, gold and coal options – the demand for iron ore is increasing, spurred on by demand from China. It is expected that continued growth in demand for iron ore could be sufficient to offset some of the decline being seen at present in the gold, platinum and coal sectors.


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One-sided deer account
RE: Wissahickon has become 'a killing field' Nov. 11
The article written by Len Lear on the dear culling in the Wissahickon was completely one-sided. Deer lack natural predators in urban areas and deer populations that are left unchecked will inflict serious damage on forests.
Obviously, reintroduction of natural predators is not an option in an urban area. Multiple studies have concluded that deer overpopulation is detrimental to forest ecological health. Deer browsing on tree saplings stunt forest reproduction and growth.
If deer populations are not controlled in the Wissahickon Valley, forest and understory vegetation cannot regenerate and will not be sustainable. Also, there is a limit to the number of deer the Wissahickon Valley can support. Without thinning of the deer popu- lation, food sources will eventually run out and deer will slowly starve to death.
Both the Nature Conservancy and the National Audubon Society agree that deer culling is vital to forest sustainability. Unfortunately, thinning of the deer herd is the only effective management technique to preserve the forest of the Wissahickon for future generations.
Bill Richardson
Chestnut Hill
Thanks to 9th Ward voters
Thank you to all Ninth Ward voters. Although our Democratic statewide candidates did not win, here in the Ninth, our 70 percent turnout was double the citywide numbers.
Up here in the Northwest, we have shown time and time again that we understand the issues and the value of every last vote – we don't sit out elections. I also want to give a shout out to our excellent ward committee. When it comes to identifying and promoting the best candidates on offer, no group of volunteers is more dedicated to open, thoughtful and transparent processes.
John O'Connell
Democratic Leader 9th Ward.
Not into nicknames
The published responses to my letter regarding the Wissahickon Drive are very much appreciated. The historical background they contained is useful and they present me with an opportunity to further explain the point I am trying to make.
When the names of East River Drive, West River Drive, and the paved portion of Wissahickon Drive were renamed, respectively, Kelly Drive, Martin Luther King Drive and Lincoln Drive, the changes were legally authorized by a form a vote of the Fairmount Park Commissioners.
The Forbidden Drive nickname for the unpaved portion of Wissahickon Drive was apparently cooked up by a group of concerned citizens with an admirable goal — that they achieved and for which they deserve our gratitude — who lacked the authority to give names to public places.
A more recent example of this do-it-yourself mentality (and another of my pet peeves) is the attempted, and largely successful, eradication of the legal name of John F. Kennedy Plaza in Center City. I readily concede that the plaza's nickname Love Park is cute, but treating it as if we the real name submerges the intended lasting tribute to our martyred president.
My point in both cases is that there are legal and proper ways to name public lands, which we should respect. Concocting nicknames and then issuing press releases portraying them as real is not the way to do it.
In retrospect, the purpose of identifying the unpaved portion of Wissahickon Drive as a non-highway might have been better served by formally renaming it "Wissahickon Trail." Maybe it's not too late.
Jack W. Boorse, P.E.
Center City


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Posted by Editoress on 07/22/09
2009 marks the 5th anniversary of Le Tour de Terra Cotta, the only European Style Road race held in Ontario. Three events are held on the scenic and challenging 9km course in the hills of the Niagara Escarpment. Since its inception, the race continues to gain popularity as the number of racers and spectators grow each year – 200 riders are expected to participate this August. Although most participants come from the Golden Horseshoe, we have welcomed riders from across Canada and the United States, and as far as Italy. Created as a Citizen's Race based on the vision of one man, his community, his cycling club and sanctioned by the Ontario Cycling Association, Le Tour De Terra Cotta is a fast becoming an elite race.
What: The 5th annual Le Tour de Terra Cotta cycle race. The only race of its kind in Ontario, Le Tour de Terra Cotta offers three events. Le Tour de Terra Cotta Kids is a great way to introduce children ages 8-16 to cycling for fun and health and to ensure the sports longevity. Le Tour de Terra Cotta Spin new for 2009 is a shorter 3 lap course (27km) for new riders, tri-athletes in training or for those who prefer a shorter course. The signature event, Le Tour de Terra Cotta Classic is 108 km of Classic European Style Racing for licensed riders, or those who have purchased a one day license. All events offer an unique experience for riders and spectators alike.
When: Monday, August 3, 2009. Continental breakfast, lunch and food items will be for sale at the Forge Pavilion beginning at 7 a.m. Le Tour de Terra Cotta Kids begins at 8:00 a.m. Le Tour de Terra Cotta Spin start time scheduled for 9:30 a.m., Le Tour de Terra Cotta Classic begins at 11 a.m., with the events ending at 2 p.m.
Where: The quaint town of Terra Cotta located on the western border between Caledon and Halton Regions. The start/finish line for all events is in front of the Forge Pavilion on King St.. The route following Heritage Road, Old School Road, Winston Churchill Blvd and King Street will all be closed on the day of the event.
Who: This event is run entirely by volunteers from the community and local cycling clubs. It was started in 2005 by Ted Webb and the Terra Cotta Community Residents Association and is sanctioned by the Ontario Cycling Association. This year, proceeds from the event will go to The Terra Cotta Community Centre, a designated Caledon Heritage Building built in 1862, to help with its refurbishing.
Video 2008 Race and more information at www.letourdeterracotta.com
3 Cycling EventsOCA Sanctioned 108 Km Le Tour de Terra Cotta Classic
|Return to Canadian Cyclist homepage | Back to Top


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Trans fats are primarily created through hydrogenation, a process that turns liquid oils into solids like hard margarine and shortening. Some foods with trans fats include vegetable shortening, some margarines, crackers, cookies, and many packaged snack foods. Some animal-based foods have small amounts of naturally occurring trans fats.
Trans fats do not spoil as quickly as liquid fats, which makes them better in foods that are packaged for a long time.
Trans fat can increase cholesterol levels the same way as saturated fat. The best way to check for trans fat in a food is to look at the list of ingredients. Food made with partially hydrogenated or hydrogenated oil will have trans fat.
Last Revised:
January 25, 2013
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Rhonda O'Brien, MS, RD, CDE - Certified Diabetes Educator
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


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Things to Know About SEO in 2018
People who are involved in SEO know the complexity and uncertainty of the industry. Google does constant updates to its algorithm and moreover keeping pace with the Google's 200 ranking factors is not an easy task.
Quality contents remain to be the highest focus in 2018's SEO. Apart from the content, there are few more things which keep changing with the evolution of technology. Let's have a look at those changes in SEO for 2018.
Mobile First Index
According to a study, 60% of the web searches are being surfed from the mobile internet. This shows that there is a drastic shift of the users from desktop to mobile. Keeping this in view, Google has decided to roll the mobile first index update.
Google has officially announced mobile-first indexing in 2016. Now, this update is going to bring a massive change in the ways the websites are going to be indexed.
Link Building
This is the least affected part of Google's 2018 SEO update. A good quality acts a great source to boost the rankings of your website and it also informs Google that your website provides great value to your readers.
Link earning should be the primary focus for the webmasters in 2018. When you provide an engaging content and answer the user's queries, people will organically link to you.
Keyword Selection and High-Quality Content
When you create a content with search engines and users in mind, then you are titled to earn better rankings. This would be the only way to increase your organic hits. Also, choosing smart keywords would make the search engine crawlers to index your website fast.
To gain better rankings in 2018, take a holistic approach and we are sure that you will see fruitful results.


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The inclusion of links from this site does not imply endorsement by the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The Commonwealth makes no endorsement, express or implied, of any links to or from its site, nor is it responsible for the content or activities of any linked sites. Any questions should be directed to the administrators of this or any other specific sites.
Click link below to continue.


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A brewery has invited beer lovers to create their dream pint - by asking them to submit the most bizarre flavours they can think of.
The competition has been launched in the UK after enjoying success in Sweden where a Bourbon Barrel-Aged Jalapeño Imperial Stout was crowned as the top beer idea.
Other flavours put forward included raspberries and maple syrup.
Edinburgh based Innis & Gunn is searching for a beer lover with creative flair to collaborate on their next 'Imagine & Gunn' limited edition barrel aged beer.
People will be able to share their flavour ideas to Innis & Gunn at www.innisandgunn.com until midnight on Friday, November 17.
A shortlist will be put to a public vote to determine the winning brew, which will be announced in December.


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Houston tops U.S. in manufacturing jobs
According to Forbes, Houston ranks among the best U.S. cities for manufacturing jobs. The data below shows the growth or decline over the specified time spans. See who else is on the list.
By Houston Chronicle Web Staff
on March 21, 2013 7:05 AM
Photo: Kevin Fujii


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Artist description:
But they didn't see the whole thing...... "I wanted to know if you want to go bowling?" In response to [Link]
Java Draw Created Jan 02, 2010 338 x 470px Unless noted Copyright 2010 ellyart.
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this robot is sooooo cool!! i love the way you have made it shine
You two should make a an animation or a cartoon together!! I love your pictures. This robot is very cool :D
Oh..are they gonna get along now??!! Wow cool robot!
wow, i love this! 5/5!
Cool draw!
* really *
kool robot !!rally well done :D
Uh oh STRIKE! Looks like this friendly game of bowling continues. LOL! 5/5 and collections.
OMG...... grabbing little guy and hiding him so he isnt used as a bowling ball
haha, funny draw!!! Savage! 5/5


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Moderator: Busnerd
Lt. Commander Data wrote:Yes, my apologies. One small step is a lot closer to being flat floor than CB80s or older Volgrens however, which have about 3 steps after the centre door.
Swift - to me it looks like the centre door is before the step which looking from the front. I'm sure there'll be plenty of photos of the Adelaide one, once it enters service.
Lt. Commander Data wrote:Thanks for that tonyp, didn't realise a gradually sloping floor was a feature on the VSTs. In any case it's better than the CB60 body, where the half of the bus is so high a 6ft tall person (such as myself) can't stand up without hitting their head on the roof.
Lt. Commander Data wrote:The second VST has arrived in Canberra - fleet number 623.
The King of Buses wrote:It is still yet to arrive - it left Bustech yesterday though (and presumably will stop off at Scania in Sydney for a few days).
tonyp wrote:The trade-off for having less steps in the aisle is that there is a footwell with steps at the centre door, which is a bit of a no no in a city bus nowadays.
tonyp wrote:Buses in Europe kneel all along the nearside, not just the front corner, so you have level access at all doors. Steps and stairwells are a bad thing on any urban bus.
Operator Carbridge
Depot Sydney
Fleet Number B1
Registration CJ47CR
Chassis Type Carbridge Toro - BYD K9 eBus
Chassis No 0052
Body Manufacturer Gemilang
Body No -
Body Date -/16
Seating Codes B??TW
Notes Reg 9/16.
Owned by SACL, operated by Carbridge.
Livery Blu Emu
Date Last Change 28/12/2016
tonyp wrote:https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6213241/bus-passenger-numbers-plummet-after-trial/
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