text:
Browsing by Author "Tackney, Charles T."
Now showing items 1-20 of 20
Participation and Distribution Decisions in Japan's Industrial Relations System after World War II - Evidence of Conversion and Workplace EvangelizationTackney, Charles T. (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper, and even more in presentation, I will be going out rather far out on the limb of my training in industrial relations. Such is, perhaps, the intent of the collaborative process envisioned by Lonergan, no less than the theme of this conference. It will be evident from my referencing specializations far from my field, along with the shaky tone of voice, that the limb is beginning to bend and, perhaps, may be about to give way. If the participants could offer a turning word that will aid this investigation, I would be grateful. This paper takes the form of an extended essay. We begin with a very simple and specific policy proposal for the current U.S. economic crisis, which I offer from my studies in industrial relations. Thereafter, as the section headings suggest, we will venture far afield. The distance travelled is necessary due to the topic, the nations, and the cultures involved. My aim is, first, to shed light upon one particular set of decisions taken in Japan, in the immediate aftermath of the Pacific War, and how these effected industrial relations developments thereafter. Second, and on a different level of analysis, I will present evidence that singular collaboration took place in Japanese history, at a specific point in time, that certainly appears to anticipate the notion of cosmopolis as Lonergan describes this utopian scheme. Third, I will end with brief points of possible further interest to Lonergan scholars. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7919
Files in this item: 1wp 2009-2.pdf (316.4Kb)
Undergraduate Synopsis-based Oral Examinations at a Scandinavian Business SchoolTackney, Charles T.; Strömgren, Ole; Sato, Toyoko (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We report a local or regional undergraduate examination form – the synopsis-based oral examination (S-BOE), as it is deployed in both large and small international management education programs at a Scandinavian business school. The S-BOE format is designed to assess student cognitive achievement in light of specified learning objectives through a focused presentation and dialogue involving an examiner and qualified censor, the latter being formally present to ensure process fairness for both examiner and student. It affords the examiner and censor the opportunity to explore student cognitive skills over the known range: unistructural > multistructural > relational > extended abstract (Biggs, J. 1999). Individuals as well as student project groups may be assessed using this approach. Administrative costs do not significantly exceed that of other course assessment formats: written reports or in-class group examinations. There are also interesting learning efficiencies; practitioner experience, reflection, and dialogue with students suggest that all students experience this examination format as a learning experience in itself, over a range of course-related knowledge issues and interpersonal skilling. Exemplary students manifest "dramatic knowledge" in those instances when they creatively display a comprehensive, reflective, and reflexive understanding of course material in presentation and subsequent intersubjective dialogue. The authors discuss important features of this undergraduate examination format that remain largely overlooked and under-appreciated in terms that regionally and locally contextualize international accreditation standards and process. At a time when economic, efficiency, and standardization concerns increasingly pressure educational institutions to adopt testing methods that are psychologically "distant" in respect to the instructor-student relationship, the synopsis-based oral examination is an interesting alternative suitable for small as well as large academic programs. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7920
Files in this item: 1wp 2009-3.pdf (234.8Kb)
A Theology of the Workplace AnalysisTackney, Charles T. (Frederiksberg, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This research takes up the concept of authenticity as a criterion variable for theology of the workplace analysis, a domain which explores employment parameters in light of religious teaching on the social question at national, organizational or firm-specific levels. Following a review of the concept in Western culture, philosophy, and management studies, Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) and Roman Catholic social teachings are investigated for positively correlative data to help develop the criterion variable. From the literature review of concept and historical data in both traditions, it becomes possible to specify employment relations parameters between the indirect and direct employer and employees in a manner that will ensure working conditions consistent with these traditions, substantially enhancing the prospect of authenticity in employment relations. This theology of the workplace analysis should complement and support corporate social responsibility, management spirituality, authentic leadership / authentic follower, and other secular research by offering a research methods bridge between empirically grounded theology and secular studies, with the common goal of improving workplace and enterprise function for competitive and sustainable enterprise, organization, and national outcomes. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9084
Files in this item: 1Tackney.pdf (849.1Kb)
Theology of the Workplace Comparative Analysis of Islam and Roman Catholic Social TeachingTackney, Charles T.; Shah, Imran (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Authenticity / الصحة (as-sehah) serves as a criterion or predictor variable in a comparative theological investigation of employment relations parameters in light of social teachings from Sunni Islam and Roman Catholicism. Authenticity finds initial, shared significance in both religious traditions because of its critically important role in judgments concerning the legitimacy of source documents. It also stands in both traditions as an inspirational goal for human life. Particular issues of theological method for cross-cultural analysis are addressed by use of insight-based critical realism as a transcultural foundation. Workplace parameters, the minimal enabling conditions for the possibility of authentic employment relations, are then identified and compared. We explore common expectations for a theology of the workplace in terms of the direct and indirect employer: those national laws, systems, and traditions that condition the functional range of authenticity that can be actualized within national or other work settings as experienced in the direct employment contract. The method and findings are a first effort to clarify thought and aid mutual understanding for inter-faith employment circumstances, with criterion variable content now available to support research in management spirituality, corporate social responsibility and enterprise sustainability. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9219
Files in this item: 1
Theology of the Workplace Comparative Analysis of Islam and Roman Catholic Social TeachingTackney, Charles T.; Shah, Imran (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Authenticity / الصحة (as-sehah) serves as a criterion or predictor variable in a comparative theological investigation of employment relations parameters in light of social teachings from Sunni Islam and Roman Catholicism. Authenticity finds initial, shared significance in both religious traditions because of its critically important role in judgments concerning the legitimacy of source documents. It also stands in both traditions as an inspirational goal for human life. Particular issues of theological method for cross-cultural analysis are addressed by use of insight-based critical realism as a transcultural foundation. Workplace parameters, the minimal enabling conditions for the possibility of authentic employment relations, are then identified and compared. We explore common expectations for a theology of the workplace in terms of the direct and indirect employer: those national laws, systems, and traditions that condition the functional range of authenticity that can be actualized within national or other work settings as experienced in the direct employment contract. The method and findings are a first effort to clarify thought and aid mutual understanding for inter-faith employment circumstances, with criterion variable content now available to support research in management spirituality, corporate social responsibility and enterprise sustainability. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9220
Files in this item: 1
The European Undergraduate Research-Oriented Participatory Education (EU-ROPE) At Copenhagen Business SchoolTackney, Charles T.; Strömgren, Ole; Sato, Toyoko (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: While the knowledge management literature has addressed the explicit and tacit skills needed for successful performance in the modern enterprise, little attention has been paid to date in this particular literature as to how these wide-ranging skills may be suitably acquired during the course of an undergraduate business school education. This paper presents case analysis of the research-oriented participatory education curriculum developed at Copenhagen Business School because it appears uniquely suited, by a curious mix of Danish education tradition and deliberate innovation, to offer an educational experience more empowering of essential tacit knowledge skills than that found in educational institutions in other national settings. We specify the program forms and procedures for consensus-based governance and group work (as benchmarks) that demonstrably instruct undergraduates in the tacit skill dimensions of knowledge thought to be essential for success following graduation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7043
Files in this item: 1eu-rope.pdf (275.6Kb)
The Cost of Social Relations Oversight in the Adaptive Appropriation of Japanese Management PracticesThe Case of the 1998 UAW Strikes against General MotorsTackney, Charles T. (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In 1998, a late July settlement of the Flint, Michigan United Auto Workers strikes at General Motors narrowly averted or postponed a labor-management confrontation fully capable of precipitating an economic meltdown with far reaching consequences for our increasingly global economy. This paper uses a comparative legal ecology model of the modern enterprise to gain theoretical and empirical insight into the economic and societal costs of combining Japanese manufacturing techniques with managerial prerogative pursued "the American way." I begin by introducing the comparative legal ecology of the workplace as a theoretical concept to compare and contrast national differences in the modern industrial enterprise. This provides a standard to evaluate the extent to which General Motors had appropriately adapted the Japanese modes of social relations within the firm. The events associated with the Flint strikes evidence the cost of this oversight. The paper concludes by discussing the need to appropriately emulate Japanese modes of social relation when firms seek to successfully adapt their modes of production. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6988
Files in this item: 1
The European Higher Education Area and Copenhagen Business SchoolTackney, Charles T.; Zølner, Mette (Atlante, 2017)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This Symposium presents curriculum design and content issues in a Scandinavian business school at its Centenary. The aim is an exploration of an educational institution at the interface of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) within the historical trends of the European Union. We hope this step will empirically document how the goals of the European Higher Education Area are functionally linked with the entrepreneurial sensibilities of administration, faculty, and administrative staff during the concrete operations of work. The series of presentations are framed between trans-cultural epistemological foundations in insight-based critical realism and inquiry into how the institutional entrepreneurs – the program directors – negotiate opportunities, risks, and tensions in curriculum and program implementation. Detailed case presentations take up curriculum effort to successfully engage issues of interdisciplinarity, use of text production as a tool in support of project and thesis writing, and the use of plurilingual content based teaching in a cooperative learning model for European studies. The history of one curriculum model initiated to educate better citizens, combining interdisciplinary methods with language instruction, whose features have endured and diffused throughout the business school, ends the presentation set. Symposium discussion will be designed to invite participants, from within the EU and beyond, to join in collaborative practitioner research for the EHEA future. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9547
Files in this item: 113651_AOM2017_all.pdf (291.3Kb)
Tackney, Charles T. (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Initially inspired by a 2009 Boston College Lonergan Fellow's survey interest in the international use of Lonergan's empirical method in the social sciences, the Global Lonergan Survey (GLS) is a data collection instrument available on the Internet since January 2010. This paper details the survey design as it developed through the collaborative support of many with an interest in Lonergan studies. As the first systematic, "cloud-based" assessment effort concerned with the diffusion of Lonergan's legacy in education throughout the world, the non-anonymous survey presents queries about a respondent's academic background and teaching circumstances. Particular questions on moral conversion address those engaged in first year undergraduate instruction. There are questions designed to capture graduate student perspectives. In addition to simple binary and multiple choice questions, open-ended queries provide an opportunity for those surveyed to offer insight and provide suggestions on future implementation of Lonergan studies. The 2011 West Coast Methods Institute (WCMI) paper is an exploratory data analysis of the current valid survey sample: n=98 to date. The WCMI presentation offers summary survey outcomes to those actively involved in Lonergan studies, with a view to discussion of future steps. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8296
Files in this item: 1
European Undergraduate - Research Oriented Participatory Education (EU-ROPE, 2) At a Danish Business School: Education Policy, Administrative Practice, and Survey Data on Project Advisor Qualifications and PreferencesTackney, Charles T.; Sato, Toyoko; Strömgren, Ole (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper was composed in the fall of 2007. It was then presented on 17 November 2007 at the Matchpoints Conference at the University of Århus, a conference jointly sponsored by the Irish Embassy to Denmark and the University of Århus. We subsequently presented the paper to an internal IKL session of colleagues involved in educational research (dubbed, the "Educational Irregulars') and then offered the paper to an internal seminar of the Asian Research Center. Throughout this process, Maribel Blasco has been particularly helpful as a colleague with knowledge and interest in the role, nature, and politics of tertiary education. We learned through this process that our Working Paper is at least four separate research journal pieces – in potential. Thus, we file this as a record of a work in progress and as a follow up to the previously filed Working Paper we now refer to as the "EU-ROPE 1" paper – our first venture into exploring the educational character and implications of the CBS SPRØK undergraduate educational model. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6939
Files in this item: 1wp 2008-2.pdf (222.4Kb)
Danish Foundations, CSR Legislation, and how Tradition Facilitates Compettive AdvantageBlom, Karen Sofie; Kaus, Kristine; Biering-Sørensen, Anna Sophie; Tackney, Charles T. (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In stark contrast to other national settings, the commercial foundation is a rather common form of ownership of enterprises in Denmark. Today, there are around 1,300 Danish commercial foundations. Familiar foundations include AP Møller Mærsk, Carlsberg, Egmont, and Novo Nordisk. Our paper aims to facilitate an understanding of this unique Danish tradition and explore its profound contemporary relevance.The significance of Danish commercial foundations, their societal and compassionate role, has manifested itself through philanthropic projects for centuries. We explore the dual identities that inhere in contemporary Danish commercial foundations, and how these impact contemporary society. There are also challenges and opportunities for such foundations in light of recent Danish corporate social responsibility (CSR) legislation. We explore these through a contextual analysis of legal structures that govern Danish commercial foundations. Extended Foundational Corporate Citizenship (EFCC) is presented in the paper as a communications model or tool to help resolve the inherent tension between a commercial foundation's contemporary business and philanthropic units, offering an aid to strategic advantage identification. The EFCC model and associated modes of communication proposed may further serve to manage legislative pressures presented to commercial foundations. Moreover, the traditional commercial foundation structure, coupled with EFCC model deployment, appears theoretically and strategically anticipatory of emerging Danish legislative obligations. Isomorphic processes within commercial foundations shed light on the links between the internal communicative challenge and CSR legislation. Such isomorphism appears between the business - philanthropic configuration and the company - CSR configuration. These processes aid recognition of the potential benefit of the inherent structure of a commercial foundation in relation to the emerging focus on CSR legislation. An additional purpose of illustrating the isomorphic processes was to facilitate clarification of a potential strategic advantage of commercial foundations, indicating how such traditional foundations may not only exist in society but operate "ahead of" emerging CSR legislative reporting obligations. The contemporary proliferation of CSR, as a legal matter, is a potent source of consumer interest. It is also a research field that provides commercial foundations with a number of opportunities to explore. Legislative obligations may appear to be little more than a reporting obligation for commercial foundations' business units. Yet, our research suggests the structure of a commercial foundation already contains a latent communicative advantage for the good, not only of commercial foundations, but also contemporary society. We believe that our research findings in the Danish case of foundation organization and management theory may be of interest to an international audience. Within the structure of a commercial foundation one may find inherent notions of compassion coupled with authentic commercial and profit-making intentions. Indeed, we hope the results offer a path to successfully anticipate current, as well as future, stakeholder and public expectations for an organizational form of historical interest and future merit. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8612
Files in this item: 1Tackney_2012_1.pdf (541.6Kb)
'If the bridge ain't broke, don't fix it'. The Hidden Curriculum of Higher Education InternationalizationThoughts from DenmarkBlasco, Maribel; Tackney, Charles T. (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denmark is among the world's most competitive nations. At the same time it has a strong tradition of citizenship‐oriented tertiary education. Nevertheless, we are currently witnessing the erosion of this tradition, arguably as a result of neoliberal ideologies ushered in by globalization and internationalization processes. These processes have stirred domestic fears, evident in government reports, about the need to improve Danish higher education to 'meet the challenges of globalisation'. Concrete instances of possible erosion include recent directives to examine and grade group work on an individual basis, the abolition of the '13' grade for individual or group performance, and the introduction of measurable skills via "learning objectives," for all tertiary education courses. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7921
Files in this item: 1wp 2009-4.pdf (318.0Kb)
Cultural Cognition and U.S. Labor RelationsTackney, Charles T.; Sato, Toyoko (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Our study explores cultural cognition in comparative U.S. – Japan employment relations through interdisciplinary analysis of Japanese Supreme Court regulation of the post-World War II lifetime employment system and the latest data available on Japan's collective bargaining-based approach to employee participation in managerial prerogative. The comparative social policy aim is to examine and account for observed employment relations variance in the U.S. and Japan, given their similar labor legislation. Japan's Supreme Court recognizes lifetime employment as an institutionalized practice and we report all 236 references to the term "lifetime employment" in Japanese case law: 178 regional cases, 43 regional superior cases, and 15 Supreme Court cases. Quantitative analysis of Supreme Court cases contextualizes these references in post-World War II history; qualitative analysis focuses on the Court's discourse. Causally related to this recognition, management councils (a form of employee participation in managerial prerogative) are also a defining feature of Japanese employment relations at the enterprise level. Despite unionization rate declines in both nations, the persistence of Japan's participatory employee relations system contrasts sharply with recent U.S. state-based legislative assaults on long-standing collective bargaining, particularly for public sector unions. The concept of cultural cognition, recently deployed in legal studies to account for domestic U.S. risk, public policy and voting preferences, offers theoretical grounds for better understanding of the observed comparative variance in employment practices. We conclude with proposals for organized labor in the U.S. to strengthen prospects for informal network proliferation and employee participation, with the goal of enhancing national competitiveness. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8613
Files in this item: 1Tackney_2012_2.pdf (531.3Kb)
Tackney, Charles T. (Frederiksberg, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This is a participant-observer report concerning curriculum deployment of Bernard J.F. Lonergan's insight-based critical realism and general empirical method for interdisciplinary research methods and allied courses in Copenhagen Business School (CBS, Denmark), from 2001 to the present. I also report similar instruction in interdisciplinary methods for management and organization studies at the International School for Social and Business Studies (ISSB, Slovenia) in 2012.1 The overall time period has been entirely under the aegis of the Bologna Process, begun in 1999, and the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), launched in March, 2010. Both the originating Bologna Process and subsequent EHEA envision curriculum development appropriate to "ensure that the European higher education system acquires a world-wide degree of attraction" (European Commission, 2013). In addition, the Bologna Process calls for specification of the "necessary European dimensions of higher education" (Ibid.). The point of this working paper is to report teaching success and indicate potential merits of Lonergan's general empirical method, grounded in insight-based critical realism, as a robust epistemological basis for EHEA university curriculum and instruction. The design approach to Lonergan's method offers grounds to think it uniquely adapted for interdisciplinary social science in the complex trans-cultural, multi-lingual, and religiously pluralist EHEA, thus providing curriculum content adequate and appropriate for the "necessary European dimensions of higher education. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9085
Files in this item: 1Tackney_10 June 2014.pdf (364.5Kb)
Management Policies and Industrial Sector Ecology in Japan's postware Machine-tools Industry to the 1980sTackney, Charles T. (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This is an exploration, using Japanese language primary sources, of management policies and relat-ed industrial sector ecology of the post-World War II machine tools industry. From postwar devas-tation to global leader in worldwide market share by the mid-1980s, remarkably little is know of the factors that contributed to this sucess. Paralleling Max Holland's 1989 Burgmaster case study method of the U.S. firm's and industry failure, this study examines the history of Okuma Corpora-tion, an Aichi Prefecture machine tools producer. The role of management leaders and government support for viable firms is shown to provide the necessary industrial ecology for machine tools pro-ducers to recover, innovate, deal with successive oil shocks, and achieve a leadership role in the machine tools sector. Comparative reflections on the parallel decline of the U.S. machine tools in-dustrial sector conclude the paper. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8614
Files in this item: 1Tackney_2012_3.pdf (505.2Kb)
Theologies of the Corporation and the WorkplaceTackney, Charles T. (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9221
Files in this item: 1Tackney_AOM 2015 Symposium_Abstract.pdf (123.1Kb)
A critical management studies comparative assessment based on Japanese industrial relations researchTackney, Charles T. (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: At the core of the present global crisis lies an ideological oversight that indicates standard business models are subject to fail due to moral hazard: managerial prerogative, particularly the U.S. variant, is not self-regulating in respect to either corporate risk or the stewardship of stakeholder trust. We know there is variance in national political economies, but less is known about legal factors informing firm-specific variance, especially as these regards trust and transparency. This paper reports research seeking to bridge this 'gap' by the introduction of comparative legal ecology employment models of the enterprise. The construct is derived from reflection upon industrial relations research into the existence and nature of Japan's 'lifetime employment system'. Construct parameters include employment security, labor unions and the degree of employee participation permitted (if any); model schematics are offered for the United States of America, Germany, Japan, Denmark, and the People's Republic of China. The comparative models help to account for variance in the legal extent and nature of managerial prerogative, job security, and the degree of information, power, and resource transparency of any enterprise. These offer, in consequence, clear and clearly comparative benchmarks of industrial democracy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7918
Files in this item: 1wp 2009-1.pdf (332.2Kb)
2012 Walmart Labor Organizing and a Theology of the American WorkplaceTackney, Charles T. (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper applies theology of the workplace and cultural cognition studies to support recent "open source" labor union action at Walmart in North Americ and redress the lack of clear 2012 teaching on the social question by the U.S. Catholic Conference of Bishops. In an era of diminished cultural awareness about the role and significance of labor unions, insight-based critical realism, as a component of workplace theology analysis, can complement cultural cognition legal research for more effective labor organizing as well as Roman Catholic engagement in the social question. Comparative employment ecology workplace models, focusing on the U.S., Germany, and Japan, help in the historical derivation of practical, normative benchmarks for organized labor and management in respect to enacting more authentic employment relations. The benchmarks are grounded in theology of the workplace guidelines drawn from Roman Catholic encyclical teaching. Two basic parameters are shown to be particularly salient for the U.S. case: just cause dismissal protection and employee participation in managerial prerogative. Specific legal enactments and a strategic organizing model are offered in the conclusion for both union strategizing and collaborative church support. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8845
Files in this item: 1Tackney.pdf (402.4Kb)
An Instructional Case Unit Concerning Japanese Management and Comparative Corporate Governance on the 1988 Labor Union Coup at Okuma Corporation, a Japanese Machine Tool ManufacturerTackney, Charles T. (København, 2006)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This is an instructional case unit designed to introduce students to comparative management practice and comparative corporate governance. Employee participation (management consultation) in the modern Japanese industrial enterprise is dramatically explored by presenting students with a corporate crisis in managerial prerogative faced by the 1988 enterprise labor union and labor union executive of Okuma Corporation. Okuma is global leader in machine tools manufacture, based in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. An unusual feature of the Okuma Case concerns the agent for managerial change with whom students are invited to identify: the executive of Okuma Corporation's enterprise labor union and its recourse to the firm's management council. This instructional case unit contains an instructor's manual, background information, and suggested questions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6957
Files in this item: 1okuma case.pdf (573.3Kb)
Tackney, Charles T. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This Working Paper for the Department of Intercultural Communications and Management (IKL) of Copenhagen Business School is being filed to record a path that combines educational concerns related to the European Undergraduate – Research Oriented Participatory Educational model of Copenhagen Business School with comparative industrial relations research stream concerned with labor law and contemporary enterprise ecology studies of employee participation in management prerogative. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7003
Files in this item: 1wp 2008-3.pdf (203.3Kb)
Now showing items 1-20 of 20


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Q: I started off with 4-inch koi and now they're 8 inches. How big will they get before they stop growing?
Lauren – Lincoln, NE
A: In an ideal environment—a supersize space with pristine water conditions at a stable 75 degrees Fahrenheit—an adult koi can reach a whopping 3 feet long. A yard! Nearly a full meter! Yep, that's a really big fish.
Don't worry: Chances are slim that your finned pal will grow to that immense length, but you can help it reach its full potential. Koi will keep growing and growing throughout their lives, sometimes faster than others. How fast and large they grow depend on several factors, including:
- Water quality. Clean water pumped full of oxygen will promote a fish's health and growth, while poor water quality can stunt its growth. Koi will tolerate a dirty, cloudy environment, but their development and vitality will suffer. Make sure you have an aeration kit in place and are using beneficial bacteria from the DefensePAC® to keep the water crystal clear.
- Water temperature. A steady 75° F will keep koi in a more active growth state where they're building muscle and body mass like crazy. Cooler or fluctuating water temperatures trigger a slower growth rate as they slow down their metabolism and activity level. If you live anywhere other than in the tropics, expect to see slower growth in the winter months.
- Nutrition. Food—and how much of it they eat—matters. Fish food that's packed with protein and vitamins is formulated to help koi grow and develop. Some also contain ingredients that boost your fish's vibrant colors.
- Genetics. Genes play a huge role in how large a koi could grow in the right conditions. Colossal parents often produce colossal offspring, and if those fry live in a spacious pond with clean, aerated water and good food, who knows how big they'll get!
- Age. Like most living things, koi develop faster when they're young and slower as they age. Your 4-inch koi quickly doubled in size because they're still adolescents; as they get older, their growth rate will slow down.
If you have big plans for your koi, give them an ideal ecosystem and good grub. Your colorful friends may not reach that 3- or 4-foot mark—but you never know!
Pond Talk: What's the largest koi you've ever had—or seen in person?
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Filed under: Aeration - WG, Feeding Fish, Fish Population, Koi & Goldfish, Water Gardens & Features, Water Quality Issues | Tagged: fish size, Koi & Goldfish, koi growth, koi size |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Chris Goodes
Lassen High Class of 1986
Personal Info
- Name:
- Chris Goodes
- Graduation Year:
- 1986
Register to view Current location, Gender, Birthday, Relationship Status, Children, Employer, Military, College, and Interests
Memories of Chris Goodes
What I'm doing now:Register to see what Chris Goodes is up to now!
Chris Goodes's Latest Activity:
|- Registered as a LHS Class of 1986 alumni. 2011


text:
SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network
Project Description
SCAR-MarBIN (SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network) establishes and
supports a distributed system of interoperable databases, forming the Antarctic
Regional OBIS Node, under the aegis of SCAR (Scientific Committee on Antarctic
SCAR-MarBIN compiles and manages existing and new information on Antarctic
marine biodiversity by coordinating, supporting, completing and optimizing
database networking. This information will in turn be sent to larger
biodiversity initiatives such as OBIS - the information component of the Census
of Marine Life (COML)- and GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility).
SCAR-MarBIN data policy protocols align with the Antarctic Treaty (Art. III.1)
and IPY requirements, as well as data management protocols of GBIF and OBIS.
SCAR-MarBIN integrates these efforts, giving a single and easy access to
relevant marine biodiversity information and maximizing the exploitation of
these resources.
SCAR-MarBIN will leave a valuable legacy for future generations, in the form of
an information tool that will provide a baseline reference for establishing a
State of Antarctic Environment, and predicting the future for marine
communities around Antarctica, which are currently facing global change.
SCAR-MarBIN is the companion-project of the Census of Antarctic Marine Life
(CAML), an ambitious 5-year project which aims at assessing the nature,
distribution and abundance of the Southern Ocean biodiversity. CAML will focus
the attention of the public on the ice-bound oceans of Antarctica during the
International Polar Year (IPY) in 2007/08. SCAR-MarBIN will handle biodiversity
data arising from CAML field projects.
SCAR-MarBIN is implemented within the Belgian Biodiversity Platform (BBPF).
SCAR-MarBIN is supported by the Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO), the Alfred P.
Sloan Foundation (SLOAN) through the Census of Marine Life (CoML)and the
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) (SCAR).
SCAR-MarBIN is International Polar Year Core Initiative #83 (IPY).


text:
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text:
The subject for this and next month's columns is testing, with a focus on OO systems. This month we'll cover the basics, looking at tests for the code that I've presented over the past few months: the
Places, and
ExtendedLogger classes. You may want to go back and reread those articles so that you can see what we're testing. Next month I'll focus more on mock-based testing (and mock-based design).
The Basics
The test code from this month is pretty straightforward, but serves as a vehicle for talking about core issues.
I've mentioned this before, but the one essential principle that underlies all object oriented systems is "abstraction." Your objects should be black boxes. You know what the interface to the object looks like, but the way in which the object works should be completely hidden. This hard-core abstraction has a highly desirable side effect: You should be able to completely change the implementation of an object literally throw out all the field definitions and all the method bodies and as long as the interface hasn't changed, the clients (the objects that use the class you just modified) should be unaware that you've made any changes.
The opacity that OO abstraction entails controls the way an object is put together in really fundamental ways. For one thing, there can be no so-called "properties" getter or setter ("accessor" or "mutator") methods that just return or modify fields because these methods provide too much information to the outside world about how the object works internally. You typically can't change the field that underlies the getter/setter, much less eliminate that field altogether, without severely impacting all the clients. It's a maintenance nightmare.
Not only does this approach improve maintainability, you can't do any sort of Agile development without it. All agile processes require you to easily introduce new business requirements into your code. If all of your classes are coupled to each other through getters and setters, however, it's almost impossible to do that. Very small changes ripple out to the entire program very quickly, and making even trivial modifications to one class can touch just about every class in the system by the time your done. You just can't shoehorn that much work into the short cycle time required by all Agile processes.
On a purely structural level, the basic principle is the Law of Demeter (LoD): "Talk only to your friends." (The phrase was coined by Ian Holland, but was popularized in many books, most notably Hunt and Thomas's The Pragmatic Programmer. For the classicists amongst us, the name has only a tenuous relationship to Greek goddess of the harvest. The Law came out of Project Demeter, whose central philosophy was "grow software in small steps," which certainly should be the law, but doesn't seem to have a pithy name.) A great example (from Freeman, Mackinnon, Pryce, and Walne's great paper Mock Roles, Not Objects):
"Programmers should avoid writing code that looks like:
dog.getBody().getTail().wag(); colloquially known as a 'Train Wreck.' This is bad because this one line depends on the interfaces and implied structure of three different objects. This style laces structural dependencies between unrelated objects throughout a code base. The solution is described by the heuristic 'Tell, Don't Ask,' so we rewrite our example as:
dog.expressHappiness() and let the implementation of the dog decide what this means."
That is, you may choose to implement
expressHappiness() inside the
dog as
body.wagTail(), but you now have the option of doing something else entirely. The problem with the "train wreck" anti-pattern is that changing any of the classes in the chain breaks the entire chain, so it's very fragile. The "friends" in "talk only to your friends" are your immediate neighbors in the network of objects that comprise your program. Talk only to objects to which you have a direct reference (stored in a field or passed into a method as an argument). A train wreck is, of course, a series of getters.
Note, by the way, that there's a big difference between a getter or setter that's doing nothing but providing public access to a field and a method that implements a well-thought-out interface by returning or modifying a field. The first case breaks the abstraction. In the second case, the fact that the easiest way to implement some method is to simply sets a value in no way precludes you from completely changing that method to do something else entirely in the future.
That "Tell, Don't Ask" aphorism is, I think, more helpfully expressed as "Ask for help, not for information." I discussed the principle, in the context of making your code smaller, in Solving the Configuration Problem for Java Apps, the article that started this series, but it really fundamentally changes the way that you structure your code. You end up thinking about the responsibilities of the objects and the operations that they have to support to implement those responsibilities. You'll need fields to implement the methods, but that's just an implementation detail that doesn't even come up at design time, and is never exposed to the outside world.
Testing Abstractly
So how does all this apply to testing?
The notion that changes to the object shouldn't affect the clients applies in spades to tests. If both your test and the object that you're testing change at the same time, you have no idea whether a failure indicates a broken test or a broken object. Ideally, you want to make changes to the object, run the tests, and then move on if the tests pass. If your tests are suspect, you can't do that. To make the test immune to changes in the tested object, the object must be a black box to the test. That is the test must work entirely through an interface that provides no direct access to the inner workings of the object. The test should act like any other client, and radical changes to the implementation of the object under test shouldn't affect the tests themselves. You just can't get that level of isolation if you expose implementation with things like getters and setters.
Having solid tests also changes the way that you work. I typically get nervous if I add more than about 20 lines of code to a class without running the at least a subset of my unit tests, and I've found that I work much faster when I work that way. Bugs tend to be very easy to find, because they're probably somewhere in those 20 lines. If you test once a day, you need to look at an entire day's work to find the bug. I'm typically not doing formal "test driven development" I'm not building the tests before I write any code but instead add unit tests incrementally as the code evolves. I do add tests when I've added something new to the object. When I find a bug, I generally add a test that makes sure that the bug doesn't reappear. All these tests really free up your ability to experiment since you can immediately tell if an experiment fails. More to the point, you can't really refactor if you don't have the tests in place, because you have no other way of telling whether or not your refactoring has broken something.
This test-often strategy depends on the tests testing behavior without knowing how the object works under the covers. That is, if I need to introduce significant structural changes to a class without changing the tests, then the tests can't assume anything about how the object is implemented. If, for example, my test validates the success of a method call by using getters to examine the fields that represent the interior state of the object, the test will fail outright if I need to change (or eliminate) those fields, and can fail subtly if I introduce a field that the test doesn't know about. Once I've determined that a test works properly, I never want to change it again.
OO tests, then, stimulate an object and then observe that object's behavior (which is often best done with mocks; I'll discuss those next month). The tests do not look at the object's state to judge whether or not the test succeeds, they just look at the object's behavior. When I call
dog.expressHappiness(), my test succeeds when I observe that
wagTail() is called. I would never look inside the
dog at the
isHappy field, nor would I have a
getIsHappy() method and call it in a test. Sometimes, the result of the stimulus might be quite distant from the stimulus itself. For example, I might verify that a
notifyByEmail() method on a
Customer object worked by seeing that the email actually arrives at the correct place, effectively testing the entire email chain. I couldn't do that, however, If I didn't have a fully functional email system, and I would have written many smaller tests in the process of getting that email system working (all of which would still be in place).
Boundary level testing is particularly useful when you need to modify a complicated existing system that has no unit tests (which is all too often the case maybe I work for too many startups). Start introducing unit tests at the outer edges of the system (test that the mail arrives). The obvious problem is that, when (not if) something doesn't work, you have no idea where the problem lies, but at least you can now tell that there is a problem. Over time, as you work on the system, you can add unit tests that verify that the innards of the system are working as expected.
Note, by the way, that this same look-at-behavior-not-state argument applies to examining the state of the database as well. It's a really bad idea to validate a method call by looking at the database to see if some row has been modified in some way (because changes to the schema break all the tests). A better approach looks at the way that database-dependent objects behave. For example, let's say that a "User" object in your system is defined by a user name expressed as an email address and a password. When you create a new user, you could look at the database to see if the new user was created as expected. However, if you can log in successfully, you can infer that the database was set up correctly without having to look at the database at all (assuming that the log-in process was validated by a previous test, of course).
If you can't test an object via behavior, then you should really wonder if the work you just did has any value at all. Ultimately, it's the behavior of the system that you care about, not it's internal state. If all the work that you just did doesn't change any behavior, then what have you accomplished? This argument applies just as much to the object level as it does to the system level. If an object's behavior doesn't change, then what use was the change you just made?
You can also use behavior-based tests to identify (and eliminate) useless parts of the code. If, for example, changing a method argument doesn't change any behavior, then that argument (and all the code that uses the argument) is unnecessary and should be purged. Small programs are faster, easier to understand, and easier to maintain. If a method is never called, it shouldn't exist.


text:
Saturday, December 10, 2016
Saturday, October 01, 2016
A Sign of The Times- The Vicious Vendettas of Oliver Kamm, cyberstalker
I'm launching a crowd-funded legal action for libel and harassment against Oliver Kamm, The Times newspaper and Rupert Murdoch. Here's why:
Neil Clark
The author of a-pro
war book sees it critically
reviewed in a national newspaper. He then spends over ten years stalking,
attacking, hounding and defaming the anti-war author of the review. He even
tweets the Minutes of the reviewer's local parish council meetings in an
attempt to discredit his 'enemy'. He attacks articles written by the wife of
the reviewer on the rare occasions she ventures into print. He boasts about his
efforts in 'destroying' the reviewer's career in a blog post. Iraq
He tweets obsessively about the 'obscure' reviewer and when the reviewers' work is cited or praised by someone with a high profile on Twitter, he intervenes to warn them off with claims that the reviewer is a 'fake', a 'fraud', a 'crank' and a 'genocide denier'.
He tweets obsessively about the 'obscure' reviewer and when the reviewers' work is cited or praised by someone with a high profile on Twitter, he intervenes to warn them off with claims that the reviewer is a 'fake', a 'fraud', a 'crank' and a 'genocide denier'.
Then, after he is finally questioned under caution of arrest by the police in relation to stalking/harassment activities, the author accuses the person he has been relentlessly persecuting of harassing him- and falsely claims that his victim has been ordered by the police not to contact him, his family and his employers!
Sounds like pretty disturbing behaviour, don't you think? I certainly would agree, but as I've found out over the past decade, waging vicious vendettas - and telling lies in an attempt to destroy the reputation of his 'enemies' is par for the course for Mr Oliver Kamm, 'former banker, Leader Writer and Columnist, The Times' and author of 'Anti-Totalitarianism-The Left Wing Case for a NeoConservative Foreign Policy'.
Kamm's behaviour is a scandal, but even more shocking has been how powerful individuals in the British neocon Establishment have not only protected the Internet stalker, but promoted him.
My review of Kamm's book was published by the Daily Telegraph on New Years Eve 2005. It was critical, but as reviews go, not particularly harsh- and certainly nowhere near as harsh as the bile-dripping book reviews that Kamm himself writes for The Times. What I did not know, when I filed copy, was that the book's author was an incredibly malicious and vindictive individual with a history of cyber-stalking and online persecution of people whose views he disagreed with.
The day after the review appeared, Kamm attacked me on his blog- and accused me of not reading his book. The first of over twenty-five posts devoted to attacking/denigrating me (or my wife) over the next two years, was no mindless rant, but was clearly designed to discredit me with newspapers who commissioned my work.
In subsequent blog posts that month Kamm made further allegations against me which I responded to on my own blog. I had said that the source for one of my claims in the review was The Institute of Strategic Studies Organisation. I had meant The International Strategic Studies Association. Kamm attempted to build this up into a heinous offence, writing that 'a reasonable person might readily take this as a reference to the well known International Institute of Strategic Studies'. I think 'a reasonable person' would think Kamm was making a mountain out of a molehill in a deliberate attempt to discredit the reviewer of his book.
In subsequent blog posts that month Kamm made further allegations against me which I responded to on my own blog. I had said that the source for one of my claims in the review was The Institute of Strategic Studies Organisation. I had meant The International Strategic Studies Association. Kamm attempted to build this up into a heinous offence, writing that 'a reasonable person might readily take this as a reference to the well known International Institute of Strategic Studies'. I think 'a reasonable person' would think Kamm was making a mountain out of a molehill in a deliberate attempt to discredit the reviewer of his book.
Kamm's initial attempts to discredit me didn't work, but then there was a more sinister development. A poison-pen style email, from a 'George Courtenay' was sent to Tom Switzer, the opinion editor of The Australian newspaper, who regularly commissioned me. The email read:
'I see you have published an opinion article by Neil Clark today. That's all good to print a range of views but you may be interested that Oliver Kamm of the London Times has been investigating Mr. Clark's use of sources. Mr.Clark doesn't say the same thing in his new article but as he's lied to other editors I'm bringing it to your attention'.
G. Courtenay
FW: Neil Clark sources
Switzer, Tom
Tue 21/02/2006, 07:20
You forwarded this message on 06/12/2015 18:47
FYI -- I have no idea who this guy is....
-----Original Message-----
From: George Courtenay [mailto:email@example.com]
Sent: Tuesday, 21 February 2006 12:33
To: email@example.com
Cc: firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com
Subject: Neil Clark sources
From: George Courtenay [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com]
Sent: Tuesday, 21 February 2006 12:33
To: firstname.lastname@example.com
Cc: firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com
Subject: Neil Clark sources
I see you have published an opinion article by Neil Clark today. That's all good to print a range of views but you may be interested that Oliver Kamm of the London Times has been investigating Mr. Clark's use of sources.
Mr.Clark doesn't say the same thing in his new article but as he's lied to other editors I'm bringing it to your attention. G. Courtenay
Free POP3 Email from www.gawab.com
Sign up NOW and get your account @gawab.com!!
'George Courtenay' included links to two of Kamm's recent blog posts about me. He cced his email to Kamm.
Courtenay was asked to provide an address and telephone number- but he never responded. Suspicious about his identity, I google-searched the name and found that the only traces of the mysterious 'GC' was to write comments in praise of Oliver Kamm when Kamm had been criticised on a website.
After publicizing my findings about him on my blog, 'Courtenay' disappeared into the ether, but Tom Switzer continued to receive very similar poison emails, this time sent by 'anonymous', urging him to replace me.
Later on IP addresses for 'George Courtenay' were identified. On 24th December 2005 Courtenay - with the same email address as the person who had contacted The Australian-was posting from
(IP address of
83.91.105. 126 Denmark
(to see, scroll down to the Tom Watson MP blog post of 12/22/05 entitled 'Oliver Kamm vs Noam Chomsky' http://www.tom-watson.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2006/11/big1
Oliver Kamm's wife was/is Danish.
Did Kamm go to
that Christmas with his
wife? Denmark
On 23rd December, Kamm had announced to his blog readers that there would be 'no posts for the next few days'- indicating that he was not expecting to post over Christmas. But he did publish a blog entry on 25th December -so clearly had access to a computer that day.
On New Years Day 2006, Kamm posted his first attack on me. We know that on 13th January 2006, 'George Courtenay' was definitely back in the
UK and posting on the same blog thread on TomWatson's website from an IP address 220.127.116.11- (which was traced to
Bexhill-On-Sea, East Sussex.) A further clue
is that Courtenay/ 'anonymous',( in emails to Tom Switzer 3rd May 2007 and 17th
October 2007 following publication of my articles), used words/phrases such as
'erudition', 'doctrinaire' , 'perfervid' 'zealotry' historical literacy'
'bounds of decency'-hardly everyday words or phrases- but all used by Kamm on
his blog and elsewhere- and in some cases on many occasions. In addition Kamm's
middle name is George.
The leader writer of the Times could easily have cleared up the George Courtenay mystery by publicly stating that he was not in Denmark at any time on Christmas Eve 2005, but
he has refused to answer the question when asked.
How should I respond to these extremely malicious attempts to destroy my career as a journalist? I decided I had no other option but to sue Kamm for defamation to prevent links to his attacks from being emailed to more of my employers. For financial reasons, I brought the case in my local County Court. But to have a libel case heard there requires the consent of the other party and Kamm did not give his consent. Instead he portrayed my putative action as an attempt to infringe his freedom of speech to criticise my work, and cast himself- not for the last time- as the innocent victim.
The attacks on me by Kamm and his mysterious trolls intensified throughout 2006 and 2007. Anonymous or pseudonymous comments, linking to Kamm's blog posts on me, were left on websites where my articles appeared. Inquiries with one newspaper (The Guardian) revealed the sender, although he used different aliases, was posting from just one computer. Kamm regularly popped up early in the comments section of my pieces to put the boot in. Here are just a few examples:
Whenever someone praised my work online, 'Anonymous' would arrive on the scene very quickly. A typical example was when Derek Wall, a Green Party spokesperson, described an article I had written as 'great' and quoted from it on his blog. 'Anonymous' duly arrived to warn Wall to be 'careful' of me, saying that I had been 'exposed' and copy and pasted an attack on me by- guess who? Oliver Kamm!
Kamm also regularly wrote in to publications where my work appeared claiming there were significant mistakes in my articles and asking for corrections to be published. Each time his complaint was rejected. No corrections to Kamm's alleged significant mistakes were published.
Another disturbing development was the repeated sending of threatening/bullying comments to my blog. They often included an implied threat to 'expose' me for some 'serious' offence- asking me if such and such a newspaper which I wrote for 'knew about this/that'- 'offences' which only one person in the world- Oliver Kamm- had accused me of.
The comments were clearly designed to cause me maximum distress. I identified regularly recurring IP addresses for these malicious communications. There was a large number coming from
and the City of .
The London Sussex ones tended to
come in late at night, the London ones usually
during the day time, indicating that the person was someone who commuted from
to the capital and who was totally obsessed with Neil Clark. Sussex
Kamm fitted the bill, as he lived (until 2013), in
, Hove, Sussex
and worked in
Many of the London
malicious comments sent to my blog in 2009 came an IP address which I traced to the
Royal Society of Arts. I contacted the RSA to report what was going on. Then
the posts from the RSA dried up. Was there anything to link Kamm and the RSA?
Well, we know Kamm was at a meeting at the RSA in early 2009 and also wrote for the RSA blog. London
While admittedly this is not conclusive proof that my RSA harasser was Kamm, once again there was a link between a location from where my stalker was operating and Kamm.
In early 2008, I decided to go the police, on grounds of criminal harassment. After reading through all the material I gave them, the police phoned Kamm at his
hedge fund office, and by his own admission, he gave the police an undertaking
that he would cease commenting on my work. London
Once again, my persecutor tried to portray himself as the victim. After the police intervention, the attacks did die down for a while. But not long afterwards, it was business as usual for my cyber-stalker.
In May 2008, Kamm boasted on his blog,(in the comments section to this post
"I can reasonably claim to have done more than anyone in destroying (Neil)
Clark's career as a
political commentator", adding menacingly: "I am not a commentator whose work
will last, but I'm effective in my own way."
But despite his barrage of attacks, Kamm had not succeeded in destroying my career. His attacks therefore became ever more desperate.
After I had complained to senior wikipedia editors over the repeated malicious editing of my page by an editor called 'Philip Cross (of whom we'll hear more in Part Two) Kamm popped up on the discussion page to argue for the page's deletion on the grounds that I was 'non-notable'. Yet despite his haughty dismissal of me as a 'highly obscure figure', Kamm never explained why, if that was indeed the case, he devoted so much time attacking me. In an article chronicling Kamm's obsessive Internet smear campaigns entitled 'The Oliver KammSchool of Falsification' the US writers David Peterson and Edward Herman wrote "A glance at a number of (Neil) Clark's writings online shows that Kamm seeks out websites where Clark's writings appear, and then posts the same allegations against Clark over and over again, no matter how off-topic these allegations are".
I'm not the only person to have been pursued by Kamm in such a creepy way. Peterson and Hermann have documented Kamm's 'pathologically obsessive' attacks on the US anti-war academic Noam Chomsky. "One feature of the Kamm pathology is the vendetta, and in pursuit of his vendettas, Kamm displays few constraints", they added.
I knew the truth of that only too well.
In Part Two- how the mysterious wikipedia editor 'Philip Cross' assists Kamm in his campaigns- Kamm's Twitter policeman routine and his war against 'fake news channel' RT.
The advent of Twitter gave Obsessive Oliver a new forum in which to carry out his persecution campaigns.
In addition to regular tweeting about his enemies, he also monitors very closely who retweets them, and if it's someone he deems important enough, he intervenes to warn them off. Kamm's smears are tailor-made to the tweeter- he writes whatever he thinks will best put them off the person he is targeting.
So when people on the Left cite with me with approval- Kamm's strategy is to smear me as an 'obscure far-right blogger' and falsely claim that I'm opposed to immigration and gay rights. When someone on the centre or centre-right retweets me- I'm a hardline communist.
Kamm also monitors very closely who his targets retweet too- to find them 'guilty by association'- a classic McCarthyite technique. In April 2016, I retweeted someone called Patrick Harrington, who had praised an article I had written for the Morning Star newspaper. Unbeknown to me Harrington, had been involved many years earlier in the far-right National Front party. My stalker Kamm used my retweet to try and discredit both me - and RT.
The anti-war media monitoring organisation Media Lens is also a regular target of Kamm's obsessive stalking. The Times leader writer is a usually very quick off the blocks when they get cited with approval - or if someone with a following clashes with them.
Media Lens wrote about Kamm's relentless smearing of them here- in a post in which they also discussed their attacker's own journalistic record. Media Lens believe that Kamm was probably behind the threat of legal and police action made against them by News International in 2008- that was clearly meant to stop them once and for all.
Kamm works tirelessly to make sure that positive mentions of his 'enemies' by people of high profile on Twitter are corrected. Here is he is intervening when I was cited by Mehdi Hasan, who has over 230K twitter followers.
Kamm works tirelessly to make sure that positive mentions of his 'enemies' by people of high profile on Twitter are corrected. Here is he is intervening when I was cited by Mehdi Hasan, who has over 230K twitter followers.
I have tried to ignore Kamm's obsessive tweeting about me. But sometimes that's not possible.
On the afternoon of Saturday November 7th 2015, I received a 'DM' from a Twitter follower, which said : 'Have you got a stalker? I mentioned your name in a tweet and a certain Times 'journalist' crawled out of nowhere to comment. He must follow mentions of your name because there's no way he would have seen that comment otherwise'. Yes, on a Saturday afternoon in early November, when many people in the UK would have been out Christmas shopping with the family, attending a football match or sports fixture, or watching tv, Kamm was obsessing about a journalist he calls 'obscure' and seeing who was citing him on Twitter. The word 'Pathetic' goes nowhere near to describing this behaviour, as I'm sure you'd agree.
Kamm's regular libelling of me as a 'Srebrenica denier/genocide denier' is typical of his dishonesty. He bases the claim on one article I wrote for The Guardian in 2004 in which I wrote of the 'massacre of between 2,000 and 4,000 men and boys in Srebrenica in 1995 '
I used these figures as I- and the Guardian editorial/comment team, believed they were probably the most accurate ones at the time. But in every subsequent published piece which I have mentioned Srebrenica I have used the higher, now widely accepted 8,000 figure- and fully accept that a genocide took place. Here I am in The Week in 2008, and in RT last summer, on the 20th anniversary of Srebrenica.
Kamm monitors everything I write, so he would know of the later pieces ( and I've also linked to them when he's libelled me). Only someone with very clear malicious intent could read my articles and then label me a 'Srebrenica denier/genocide denier'.
Accusing people he doesn't like of 'genocide denial'- usually in connection with Srebrenica, is a favoured smear of Kamm's. His robotic 'genocide denier' smearing of his 'enemies' even led to a parody @Oliver KammBot twitter account being set up.
On the subject of Kamm's libelling antiwar writers as 'Srebrenica deniers': there's been
a dramatic new development. The
website Mondoweiss has published
an article on the neocon smear campaign against the left-wing anti-war academic
Noam Chomsky. US
Internal memos from the first meeting of the Henry Jackson Society outlined the group's main agenda. 'One of the items on the minutes, listed prominently in fourth place, was to discredit Chomsky,' writes Theodore Sayeed. 'Their tack was to allege that he is a "denier" of the Srebrenica massacre in
. In the
art of controversy, slapping the label "denier" on someone is meant to evoke
the Holocaust. Chomsky, the furtive charge proceeds, is a kind of Nazi.'
'The task of getting this slur into circulation was delegated to Marko
Attila Hoare and Oliver Kamm' Bosnia
When Kamm was first attacking me in early 2006, and trying to destroy my career as a political commentator, the Balkans historian he enlisted to help his cause was- you've guessed it- Marko Attila Hoare
Kamm has recently tried to distance himself from the Henry Jackson Society. But although his name no longer appears on the group's website, he was a signatory to the statement of principles in 2005
The Times leader writer has received enormous help in his internet smear campaigns from one 'Andrew Philip Cross'- a mysterious individual to whom we must now turn our attention.
Cross- like Kamm- follows very closely who retweets Neil Clark and Media Lens and obviously has our names on Google Alert. When I was asked via Twitter by a Sky News producer if I'd like to come on and be interviewed on Royal Mail privatisation- I found that before I had the time to reply, 'PhilipCross63' had already suggested that the producer got a female pundit instead.
Cross shares Kamm's obsession with me, even publishing a blog entitled 'Anti-Illiberal'- largely aimed at attacking my wife and I and regurgitating Kamm's smears.
While Cross assists Kamm's campaigns on Twitter, his main focus is on editing Wikipedia.
Kamm wrote a piece in 2009 criticising Wikipedia, saying that 'The loudest voices and most obsessive contributors become the arbiters of truth.' How true. He should have addressed these remarks to 'Philip Cross'.
Now if you make a list of all the public figures that Oliver Kamm can't abide, you'll find- lo and behold- their pages have been edited-to show the subject in the worst possible light- by Philip Cross.
Media Lens are a case in point. Criticism by Kamm of Media Lens- put up there by Cross, is prominent in their wikipedia page-
When Kamm mentions Media Lens in an 'approved source', Cross posts links to the criticism with great alacrity. On Saturday 27th February 2016, Kamm called ML a 'far-left' group in his Times column on grammar- and at 15.47 that same day Kamm's comment had been put, by Cross, on the Media Lens page.
You can read a full history of Cross editing of the Media Lens page here.
Media Lens posted Kamm's February attack on the group on their Facebook page noting:
'In the 'mainstream' press, nobody writes or Tweets about us more than a certain Times propagandist. Impressive that he should devote so much attention to an 'obscure far-left pressure group'
Others figures who have clashed publicly with Kamm or who don't meet with his approval and who have had their pages edited by Philip Cross
include investigative journalist Dr Nafeez Ahmed (see the talk page here here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nafeez_Mosaddeq_Ahmed
antiwar journalist Seumas Milne, (who is now Press Officer for Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn)
award-winning anti-war journalist and broadcaster John Pilger and the anti-war politician George Galloway
See the talk page of Galloway also.
On Milne's page, Cross worked to keep off a link to my piece written for Sputnik International defending Milne when he had come in for attack. On the talk page Cross gave his reason: 'The Putin-backed Sputnik website is not a reliable source.'
But he also kept another article defending Milne, by my fellow RT OpEdger John Wight, written for the Huffington Post, off the page.
Cross's obsessive hatred of me even extended to him taking down links to my articles in other people's wikipedia pages, as he did in relation to a Guardian article I wrote about philosopher Erich Fromm.
When it comes to Oliver Kamm's own wikipedia page however, Cross edits in a very different way. He is The Grand Protector of Kamm's online reputation, making sure his wikipedia page is maintained as a puff page (with handy links to his agent's Janklow and Nesbit's page)
and that criticism is kept to a minimum, even if it comes from legitimate sources. It goes without saying that Cross worked to keep mention of the recent Mondoweiss article cited above off Kamm's page, as well as the earlier piece on Kamm by Messrs Peterson and Herman. Yes, you've guessed it. They're not reliable sources….
Read Cross here in the Talk section of Kamm's page.
Media Lens noted earlier this year::
Philip Cross' is putting up a valiant fight to fend off criticism of Oliver Kamm on Wikipedia. He seems particularly unhappy that a new section has appeared, titled:
'Kamm, Noam Chomsky and The Guardian controversy' noted Media Lens on Facebook on 23rd February.
Cross, when challenged about his identity responded: 'Sorry David, I have never met Oliver Kamm, nor am I Charles Mingus (above and left)'. He then predicted; ' I am certain the extended largely off-topic section in Kamm's Wikipedia article about your (sorry, Chomsky's) pyrrhic victory against the Guardian a decade ago will be removed soon enough.'
Cross, who says he edits wikipedia in his 'real name',
has refused to post proof of his identity, and tried to make out that if he did so, he'd be some kind of a 'victim'
Interestingly, 'Philip Cross' hasn't just edited Kamm's page, but also the pages of Kamm's parents, a translator called AntheaBell, and one Anthony Kamm, described as a 'publisher, author, historian and cricketer'..
Once again, its only good stuff that gets posted there. On Anthony Kamm's page, Cross edited to include a mention that the subject's son, Oliver, was 'now a journalist on the Times' and to add a link to Kamm's ownwikipedia page, of which he has been the main editor.
Another shared obsession of Kamm and Philip Cross is the television news channel RT (Russia Today)..
On the one hand, Kamm denigrates RT as a channel that noone, or hardly anyone watches, misrepresenting viewing figures.
But if no one was bothering to watch RT- why does Kamm spend so much time attacking it? It's very similar to the way Kamm loves to label his 'enemies' (like me) as, 'obscure'- again if we really are so 'obscure', why spend so much time attacking?
When RTUK launched in October 2014, Kamm went into overdrive.
He penned a ferocious opinion piece for the Times calling for Ofcom, the
media regulator, to act against 'this den of deceivers'. UK
Kamm's fierce criticism of RT figures prominently on the RTUK wikipedia page, in the third paragraph.
And the editor who's made four of the last eight edits to the RTUK wikipedia page? Why.. It's none other than Philip Cross!
Kamm tweets obsessively about RT-routinely labelling it a 'fake news channel'
It's contributors and pundits are- you've guessed it are 'fakes/frauds/fantasists' and of course, 'genocide deniers'
He likes to pompously declare that he refuses to go on the channel.
Yet, despite his hatred for RT- or rather because of it- he seems to spend an awful lot of time monitoring its output. Again, if no one was watching RT- as Kamm claims- and it was obvious that RT experts were 'cranks, fantasists and fabulists'- then why does he devote so much time and energy to attacking it?
In March 2015, the American writer Glenn Greenwald wrote about the anti-RT campaign.
'The most vocal among the anti-RT crowd - on the ground that it spreads lies and propaganda — such as Nick Cohen and Oliver Kamm — were also the most aggressive peddlers of the pro-U.K.-government conspiracy theories and lies that led to the Iraq War.
That people like this, with their histories of pro-government propaganda, are the ones demanding punishment of RT for "bias" tells you all you need to know about what is really at play here".
In the summer of 2015, Kamm's attacks on me intensified still further.
On Saturday 1st August, my new biography of Edgar Wallace, the crime writer, received a very positive review in The Guardian.
Kamm acolyte Max Dunbar (and fellow 'Euston Manifesto' signatory) wasn't too pleased..
Shortly afterwards, both Oliver Kamm and 'PhilipCross63' turned up on the thread. I said to my wife that it wouldn't be long before an attempt was made to post a 'George Courtenay'-esque comment underneath the Guardian review. Sure enough, at 23.56 on Monday 3rd August, 'Peter Tarlan' arrived.
There's no prize for guessing what the first sentence was.
'Neil Clark has denied the massacre of 8,000 men and boys at Srebrenica.' 'Peter Tarlan' went on ' I draw this to the reader's attention as it says something profound about his contempt for the canons of evidence and scholarship. Something readers may want to consider before deciding whether or not to spend their hard-earned money on a work of non-fiction by this man'.
.'Tarlan' then went on to ridicule a piece I had written in 2010 for the Sunday Express on the beauty of winter landscapes. The only person who had passed such comment on the piece before was- yes, you've guessed it- Oliver Kamm (see entry of 7th January 2010)
To try and make sure that readers had got the Kammite message about Neil Clark, 'Peter Tarlan' finished his attack with 'I suggest no sane person should accept either historical claims or literary judgments from this man'.
I discovered that 'Peter Tarlan' had set up his Guardian account on 26th January 2011 (here is his Guardian profile page , just five days after my piece on the Socialist Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky, which Kamm commented on ( and didn't much like), appeared on the Guardian website. Shortly after a comment appeared which said 'A very special article. One of the very few that are unashamedly dedicated to intellectual honesty', Kamm, no doubt fuming at the gills, arrived to accuse Kreisky - a Jew- of anti-Semitism- and to add: 'Mr Clark describes himself in his CiF biography as a regular contributor to The Times, and this ought perhaps to be corrected'.
At the same time he set up a Guardian profile, 'Peter Tarlan' set up a protected Twitter account.
In an attempt to share the workload, Kamm also tries to 'subcontract' his vendettas. He's begun tweets about with me with the words 'One for' such and such a person- hoping that they'll join in his persecutory campaign. He tweeted Eliot Higgins of Bellingcat to inform him that I was a' plagiarist and fraud'.
In addition, other pro-war journalists and 'Euston Manifesto' supporters have joined in from time to time in Kamm's campaigns. I won't name and shame them here-(at least not for now); they know who they are.
Kamm has repeatedly lied that 'only RT' publishes me and that 'no serious British newspaper will touch him'- my articles are carried by a wide number of publications (in fact a far wider range than Kamm's) and includes the Guardian, Sunday and Daily Express, the Mail on Sunday, and the Morning Star. But of course saying no serious British newspaper will touch me is part of the campaign to destroy my career as editors who follow him on Twitter might just believe it if they read it enough times.
In the summer of 2015, Kamm positioned himself at the forefront of the Blairite campaign against Jeremy Corbyn becoming Labour leader. He complained that Corbyn had refused to be interviewed by him for the Jewish Chronicle newspaper. Kamm has also- as Simon Wood notes here- been at the forefront of the campaign to portray Corbyn supporters as 'anti-Semitic'.
He's also been prominent in the neocon campaign against Wikileaks founder Julian Assange.
The former British Ambassador to Uzbekistan, Craig Murray, accused Kamm of lying after he was aggressively attacked by Kamm in a radio interview about the Wikileaks founder earlier this year.
'On 7 February I published an article calling out Kamm for publishing a blatant and deliberate lie about me. The very next day, 8 February, my Wikipedia page came under obsessive attack from somebody called Philip Cross who made an astonishing 107 changes over the course of the next three days. Many were very minor, but the overall effect was undoubtedly derogatory. He even removed my photo on the extraordinary grounds that it was "not typical" of me'.
Last year, with Kamm's attacks on me becoming even more unhinged, I felt I had no option but to go to the police for the FOURTH time. When I had gone to the police in 2009, I had been told by an officer that a Crown Prosecution Service action against Kamm might not be in my best interests- a strong hint that the person persecuting me had elite protection.
On 24th November 2015 the leader writer of the Times newspaper was questioned, under caution of arrest at Stoke Newington Police station. But, against my wishes, he was questioned before I had been able to send all the evidence of Kamm's stalking and harassment through and it seems the key question 'Were you in
on 24th December 2005- the day George Courtenay was posting from there)? was
not asked. Denmark
Failure to arrest or even caution Kamm, unfortunately emboldened him still further.
I have an complaint against the Metropolitan Police for the way they have handled the case, which is ongoing.
By now my policy was to forcefully respond to Kamm's attacks on Twitter- to put the record straight.
Whether it was the advice given to him by lawyers, or his own decision, he has decided to accuse the person he has been stalking and harassing for years- of doing the same things to him. It seems Kamm believes he has every right to attack people, but the people he targets have absolutely no right to respond.
Kamm sent me five emails between 23rd December 2015 and 26th February 2016 (and another in early July 2016), which I did not open as I knew from past experience they were sent in order to cause me distress. But a Twitter follower of mine informed me that Kamm had been tweeting these emails- which included the wholly false claim that I had been ordered by the Met Police to stop harassing him.(italics)
Accusing people of doing thing that you've been doing yourself is of course classic sociopathic behaviour. As is pathological lying and never recognising the rights of others.
When I went public about going to the police, I urged others who had been targeted by Kamm to come forward. I thought nothing I could ever learn about Kamm would shock me, but I was mistaken.
I have learnt that it wasn't just me who Kamm has tried to silence through making legal threats. He had threatened a Twitter follower with less than 150 followers after he had retweeted a piece critical of Kamm. It seems the Times Leader writer likes to send his threatening communications at holiday periods- at, or just before Christmas, or at Bank Holidays.
One blogger (who asked me to keep his name private as his health was fragile and stress made his condition worse)- informed me that he was sent an email entitled 'Libellous Tweet' from Kamm on a Bank Holiday- around 18 months after he had tweeted a link to my blog post on Kamm's harassment of me.
Kamm did not include a link to the tweet that was supposed to be 'libellous'.
Another person who said that Kamm had threatened him with legal action was the
web activist Aaron Swartz. Kamm clashed with Swartz over Noam Chomsky and
Chomsky's claim that Kamm had misquoted him. US
Swartz wrote on his blog: 'On June 11 he (Kamm) threatened legal action to enforce the challenge and calling my response "evasive, graceless and puerile". I informed him I was presently on vacation and intended to deal with the matter when I got back. He replied on June 12 again insisting I act quickly.
On June 14 he accused me of "surreptitiously [] alter[ing]" the challenge (which he called "my suicidal endeavour") and suggesting mercy if I act quickly.
…He then pressed the point again in two further emails.'
Kamm responded to Swartz's claims with four comments underneath the blog post and also under an earlier one. 'Disappointingly, Mr Swartz has now disappeared sooner than meet his financial obligations', Kamm noted in his last comment to the second post. He was still posting on the first post as late as 15th May 2007.
Just over five and half years later, Swartz did indeed disappear-on 11th January 2013 the young man committed to a free and open internet was found hanged in his Brooklyn apartment- with claims that he was hounded to death by the authorities for his hacking activities. He was only 26.
Michael Prescott is another writer who has clashed with Kamm.
'He seems to be aboil with rage and indignation almost from the start. He repeatedly characterizes his opponents as cranks and worse, yet seems honestly perplexed that anyone could accuse him of using ad hominems',
wrote. Prescott
Kamm's strategy when faced by his accusers is indeed to loftily dismiss them as 'cranks and worse'. And then, as we've seen, write threatening missives to them to try and intimidate them into keeping schtum. He has falsely accused me of being a 'serial correspondent', but the truth is excepting my corrective replies to attack tweets of his, I have not written to him since 2006. By contrast Kamm- or his legal representatives- has written to me on around ten occasions since then.
As obnoxious as Kamm's behaviour undoubtedly is, we must not overlook the role played by those who have enabled and promoted him- and have continued to support and protect him even when evidence of his activities was presented to them.
The man who appointed Kamm, to be a Times leader writer in 2009, despite his never having worked before on a newspaper (he was an ex-banker and
hedge fund manager), was the then Times editor James Harding.
I wrote to Harding about Kamm's stalking/harassment. My aim was not to get Kamm the sack, as 'George Courtenay' had tried to do with me, but to get The Times to rein their employee in. Harding never replied to me.. Today, he is the £340,000 a year Head of News and Current Affairs at the BBC.
I have also written on four occasions to the current Times editor John Witherow and Rupert and James Murdoch, of News International, with evidence of their employee's stalking. Not one of my letters (sent by registered delivery) or emails, received a reply.
When I asked Times deputy editor Emma Tucker on Twitter why the paper had not responded to me over Kamm's stalking/harassment campaigns, her response was to block me.
In February 2016, another of Kamm's targets, the blogger David Lindsay, claimed that he had twice come close to suicide on account of Kamm's relentless persecution of him- admitting he 'almost a broken man'.
(Police traced the IP addresses of attack comments left underneath Lindsay's online articles to two locations: The City of London, and Hove in Sussex.)
But still the Times have failed to take any action against Kamm- and he carries on with his stalking and smear campaigns as if he is totally above the law.
I was advised earlier this year by a firm of top
libel lawyers that my most promising
course of action would be against The Times holding them vicariously liable for their employee's actions. In the past, issues of
cost have prevented me from suing Kamm, but now I have decided I have no other
option but to seek to crowd-fund an action for libel and harassment against The
Times, Kamm and the Times owner Rupert Murdoch. I will be seeking substantial damages. London
The ex-hedge fund trader has shown just how much you can get away with if you have the right connections in the Establishment and have the 'right' ie pro-war, neocon views on foreign policy.
If roles had been reversed, and I- or indeed any other anti-war writer- had persecuted Kamm in the way he has persecuted me and others, I'm sure arrest and the end of a career would have followed. Let's be clear: we're talking about harassment and stalking on a major scale.
If I've one regret, it's not publishing a full account of Kamm's stalking campaigns earlier. I can't stay silent while this very unpleasant bully continues to persecute and smear those whose only 'crime' has been to critically review his pro-war book, or hold views on foreign policy that he does not agree with.
So it's time to throw light on the darkness in the hope that full public exposure of what's been going on will mark the end of Obsessive Oliver's vicious vendettas and the wikipedia editing of his equally malicious ally, 'Philip Cross'. And that those who could have reined Kamm in, finally do so.
UPDATE: If you'd like to donate to my legal action to have Oliver Kamm, The Times and Rupert Murdoch properly held to account, you can do so via the 'Donate' buttons on the top- and also at the top right of this blog. All moneys raised will go on legal costs, which are likely to be considerable. All donations are hugely appreciated.
(Details of how to donate by cheque will be posted shortly.)
FURTHER UPDATE: Many, many thanks to those who have donated in the last five days- almost £1,000 has now been raised! My initial target is for £10,000 to be able to properly initiate legal proceedings on a number of fronts (defamation, malicious falsehood & harassment). All donations, large or small, that can help me achieve this target are hugely appreciated.
FURTHER UPDATE: Nov 12th. Again, many, many thanks to those who have donated- over £2,000 has now been raised!
FURTHER UPDATE: 10th December. Many thanks to those who have donated so far. To boost the appeal, I have now launched on Crowdfund site Fundrazr.com- and am attempting to raise a further £7,500 by early January to reach my target of £10K.
My Fundrazr page is here.
FURTHER UPDATE: 10th February. Over £4K now in the kitty. Please help me get up to £10K as soon as possible so I can launch my legal actions. Many thanks to all those who have contributed so far.
FURTHER UPDATE: 5th July 2017. Over £11.6K raised! Many thanks to everyone who has contributed! Legal action has been launched against my stalker/defamer and his employers and we are now in the pre-court protocol stage of exchange of lawyers' letters. If the defendant's don't agree to our requests now- then court action will follow shortly- for which a lot more money will be needed. All contributions, large or small to the fund are greatly appreciated.
FURTHER UPDATE: 13th December 2017: Kamm's solicitor's have acknowledged the writ- and responded by requesting documents- even where links were provided in the writ. The strategy seems to be to drag this out (there was no substantive engagement with my lawyer's most recent letter) for as long as possible & hope I run out of funds.
If you would like to contribute to my AntiStalker Fund by post, donations can now be sent to me at PO Box 922 OXFORD OX1 9RL. Many thanks to all who have donated so far.
UPDATE: If you'd like to donate to my legal action to have Oliver Kamm, The Times and Rupert Murdoch properly held to account, you can do so via the 'Donate' buttons on the top- and also at the top right of this blog. All moneys raised will go on legal costs, which are likely to be considerable. All donations are hugely appreciated.
(Details of how to donate by cheque will be posted shortly.)
FURTHER UPDATE: Many, many thanks to those who have donated in the last five days- almost £1,000 has now been raised! My initial target is for £10,000 to be able to properly initiate legal proceedings on a number of fronts (defamation, malicious falsehood & harassment). All donations, large or small, that can help me achieve this target are hugely appreciated.
FURTHER UPDATE: Nov 12th. Again, many, many thanks to those who have donated- over £2,000 has now been raised!
FURTHER UPDATE: 10th December. Many thanks to those who have donated so far. To boost the appeal, I have now launched on Crowdfund site Fundrazr.com- and am attempting to raise a further £7,500 by early January to reach my target of £10K.
My Fundrazr page is here.
FURTHER UPDATE: 10th February. Over £4K now in the kitty. Please help me get up to £10K as soon as possible so I can launch my legal actions. Many thanks to all those who have contributed so far.
FURTHER UPDATE: 5th July 2017. Over £11.6K raised! Many thanks to everyone who has contributed! Legal action has been launched against my stalker/defamer and his employers and we are now in the pre-court protocol stage of exchange of lawyers' letters. If the defendant's don't agree to our requests now- then court action will follow shortly- for which a lot more money will be needed. All contributions, large or small to the fund are greatly appreciated.
LATEST UPDATE: 4th December 2017: Oliver Kamm has now been sued for libel and harassment. My counsel has advised me not to serve the writ- already lodged at the court in the summer- against his employers and instead focus the action on Kamm. He believes this would have a number of advantages. It is advice that I have decided very reluctantly to accept- (given the arrogant way The Times -and News UK- arrogantly ignored all my very reasonable requests),- but I do not rule out Kamm's employers- including Rupert Murdoch- being brought into an action at a later date if this matter is not resolved satisfactorily. We now have over £17K raised but legal costs have been high and I will be stepping up fundraising to pay for the court costs which could be considerable. All contributions, large or small, are gratefully accepted and appreciated. Many thanks again to everyone who has supported me.
FURTHER UPDATE: 13th December 2017: Kamm's solicitor's have acknowledged the writ- and responded by requesting documents- even where links were provided in the writ. The strategy seems to be to drag this out (there was no substantive engagement with my lawyer's most recent letter) for as long as possible & hope I run out of funds.
If you would like to contribute to my AntiStalker Fund by post, donations can now be sent to me at PO Box 922 OXFORD OX1 9RL. Many thanks to all who have donated so far.
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Handbook of Surgical Consent
December 2011; p ublished online July 2012 .
Book. Subjects: Communication Skills; Surgery; Colorectal Surgery; Vascular Surgery; Breast Surgery; Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery; Bariatric Surgery; Transplant Surgery; Urology; Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Otolaryngology (ENT); Paediatric Surgery; Neonatology; Neurosurgery; Cardiothoracic Surgery; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Ophthalmology; Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 768 pages.
This valuable tool, written by experts, offers practical guidance in the principles of consent, alongside procedure-specific information on risks and benefits
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Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia
July 2011; p ublished online September 2011 .
Book. Subjects: Anaesthetics; Cardiovascular Medicine; Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonology; Nephrology; Gastroenterology; Endocrinology and Diabetes; Rheumatology; Haematology; Psychiatry; Cardiothoracic Surgery; Neurosurgery; Vascular Surgery; Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Hepatobiliary Surgery; Transplant Surgery; Urology; Gynaecology; Otolaryngology (ENT); Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Ophthalmology; Radiology; Obstetrics; Paediatrics; Neonatology; Pain Medicine; Pharmacology. 1344 pages.
The bestselling Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia has been completely updated for this new third edition, featuring new material on regional anaesthesia, and a comprehensive section on...
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Game Celebrates 34th Birthday With Family and Friends
Rapper Game don a tuxedo and partied like a rockstar for his 34th birthday this past Friday (Nov. 29). The Compton rhymer was joined by friends and family for his party at restaurant Philippe Chow in Los Angeles.
Among the celebrities who attended the birthday soiree were Ed Sheeran, DJ Skee, LoLa Monroe, Laura Govan and Game's fiancee, Tiffney Cambridge.
Game, who was dressed in a tuxedo and red bow tie, was treated to a huge birthday cake resembling a bloodied stacks of $100 bills in tribute to his Blood Money Records label.
"HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO MYSELF !!!!!!! Another year....... Amazed at what I am, who I am.... Proud to be me !!!!!!!!" he wrote to his fans on Instagram. "Appreciate all of you for riding with me on my journey through life. It means everything to me..... Celebrate my life with me today... & tomorrow let's celebrate someone else's…"
The party continued at club Roxbury where Wiz Khalifa, Too $hort and Ty Dolla $ign pop expensive bottles of champagne with Game.
Happy birthday, Chuck Taylor!
Check out the photos below.