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We're proud to serve a range of delicious Sunday roasts alongside a selection of your favourite pub classics, perfect for bringing the family together.
Whether you join us for Sunday lunch or Sunday dinner, our Sunday Roast meats are available until 7pm every week.
Book A Table >
Oak-Smoked Chicken Liver Pâté
With caramelised red onion chutney and toasted sourdough bread | £5.99
Seared Scallops†
With pan-fried chorizo and samphire, with a garlic & rosemary mayonnaise | £6.99
Hand-Battered Chicken Goujons
In a Cajun batter with an IPA barbecue sauce | £5.79
Atlantic Prawn Cocktail†
With baby gem lettuce, Marie Rose sauce and sourdough bread | £5.79
Stilton® & Peppercorn Mushrooms (v)
On toasted sourdough bread | £5.69
Panko-Coated Calamari†
With garlic & rosemary mayonnaise | £6.59
Chef's Soup of the Day (V)
With sourdough bread and butter | £4.29
Roasted Red Pepper & Sweet Potato Kofta Skewers (Ve)
With mixed leaves and a cucumber & mint dip | £5.49
Sharing Board
Chicken liver pâté with caramelised red onion chutney and toasted sourdough bread, lamb & rosemary koftas with cucumber & mint dip, pulled pork liquor melts and Cajun chicken goujons with a sweet green chilli sauce and seeded crostini | £13.99
Rosemary & Garlic Camembert
Topped with seeds and truffle oil. Served with crudités, caramelised red onion chutney, a selection of bread and handmade cheese & mustard straws | £9.69
Our Sunday Roasts
All of our Sunday meat roasts are served with garlic & rosemary goose fat roast potatoes or minted baby potatoes, glazed seasonal veg, Yorkshire pudding, sausage meat stuffing and lashings of rich gravy.
Traditional Roasts
Roast Topside of Beef
With horseradish sauce. Served pink | £11.99
Honey-Glazed Gammon
With crackling and apple sauce | £9.99
Roast Turkey Breast
With a pig-in-blanket | £10.99
Trio of Roasts
Honey-glazed gammon with crackling and apple sauce, topside of beef and turkey breast | £12.99
Mushroom, Stilton® & Spinach Wellington
With vegetarian roast potatoes and stuffing, Yorkshire pudding, seasonal veg and vegetarian gravy | £9.69
Signature Roasts
Slow-Cooked Rib of Beef
Cooked for 7 hours, served on the bone with a Merlot & beef dripping sauce | £15.29
Slow-Cooked Pork Belly
Cooked for 6 hours, served with crackling and apple sauce | £13.99
Slow-Cooked Lamb Shoulder
Cooked for 12 hours, served on the bone | £14.99
Hand-Battered Atlantic Cod and Chips†
With triple-cooked chips, garden or mushy peas and tartare sauce | £12.29
Add bread and butter for £1.29
Steak & Red Wine Pie
Our award-winning pie is full of slow-cooked farm assured British beef in a rich red wine gravy with mushrooms and roasted baby onions in hot water crust pastry. Served with triple cooked chips or mash, glazed seasonal veg and a rich gravy | £12.29
Chicken & Woodland Mushroom Pie
Farm assured British chicken with leek & mushroom in a creamy white wine sauce, in hot water crust pastry with a puff pastry lid. Served with triple-cooked chips or mash, glazed seasonal veg and a rich gravy | £12.29
Hand-Battered Halloumi (V)
Lemon & coriander halloumi with triple-cooked chips, garden or mushy peas and tartare sauce | £10.29
Signature Hunter's Chicken
Grilled chicken breast and gammon steak, Croxton Manor & Yorkshire ale melted cheese, sticky IPA barbecue sauce and crispy smoked bacon. With triple-cooked chips, onion rings and house slaw | £13.49
Sea Bass and Seared Scallops†
Grilled sea bass fillets and pan-fried scallops, served on a prawn, white wine & pea risotto | £16.29
Chef's Seasonal Garden Bowl
A honey & mustard dressed garden salad of warm butternut squash, baby potatoes, beetroot and Tenderstem™ broccoli with radish, red onion, and rocket (345kcal) | £10.69
Tailor your salad, add:
Chicken Breast, Grilled Halloumi (V) or Roasted Red Pepper & Sweet Potato Kofta Skewers (Ve) for £3 Sea Bass†, Rump Steak (581kcal) or Scottish Salmon† for £4
Vegan option available
Served in a brioche bun with shredded lettuce and skin-on fries.
Prime Gourmet Beef
Hand-pressed burger topped with a fried free-range egg, smoked cheese, streaky bacon and our signature burger sauce. Served with a barbecue dip | £11.99
Gourmet Chicken
Grilled chicken breast topped with smoked cheese, streaky bacon, red onion, tomato and mayonnaise. Served with a barbecue dip | £11.99
Chef's Veggie
Plant-based burger topped with halloumi, red onion, tomato and our signature burger sauce. Served with a barbecue dip | £10.79
Vegan option available
Upgrade to Sweet Potato Fries or Cheese & Truffle Fries for £1 Add Onion Rings for £2.99
Served with half a grilled tomato, onion rings and a choice of triple-cooked chips, jacket potato or dressed salad.
14-Day-Aged Fillet 7oz
The most tender and delicate steak, served with your choice of signature sauce. Recommended rare | £19.99
28-Day-Aged Prime Sirloin 8oz
A prime cut from the centre of the sirloin with a tender and delicate flavour. Recommended medium-rare | £15.99
28-Day-Aged Bistro Rump 8oz
A cut from the centre of the rump giving a lean
steak with a firmer texture and fuller flavour.
Recommended medium | £13.79
Chef's Signature Mixed Grill
Rump steak, chicken breast, gammon steak,
pork sausage, black pudding and a fried free-range egg | £17.99
Signature Sauces | £1.49
• Creamy Peppercorn
• Garlic & Mushroom
• Merlot & Beef Dripping
Steak Sides
• Creamy Mac 'n' Cheese | £2.49
• Stilton® & Peppercorn Sautéed Mushrooms | £2.49
Surf & Turf †
• Garlic & Coriander-Glazed King Prawns
and Panko-Coated Calamari | £2.99
Cheese & Truffle Fries | £3.49
Crushed Parsley Baby Potatoes | £2.29
Buttered Mash | £1.99
Glazed Tenderstem™ Broccoli | £2.29
Skin-on Fries | £2.99
Triple-Cooked Chips | £2.99
Sweet Potato Fries | £3.79
Onion Rings | £2.99
Dressed Seasonal Salad | £2.49
Glazed Seasonal Vegetables | £2.29
Garlic Ciabatta with Cheddar | £3.39
Garlic Ciabatta | £3.29
House Slaw | £1.99
Sticky Toffee Pudding (V)
With a rich date & sultana toffee sauce and Beechdean clotted cream ice cream | £5.79
Bakewell Tart (V) (N)
With raspberry coulis, shortbread crumb and Beechdean clotted cream ice cream | £5.79
Salted Caramel Sundae (V)
Beechdean chocolate and clotted cream ice cream, vanilla cheesecake, chocolate brownie pieces, freshly whipped cream and salted caramel sauce | £5.99
Kentish Bramley Apple & Blackberry Crumble Pie (V)
With custard, double cream or Beechdean clotted cream ice cream | £4.79
Choux Bun with Prosecco Strawberries
Filled with mascarpone and freshly whipped cream, with strawberries in a Prosecco sauce and a raspberry coulis | £5.99
Millionaire's Cheesecake (V)
With salted caramel sauce, shortbread crumb and freshly whipped cream | £5.69
Indulgent Chocolate Fudge Cake (V)
Served warm with Beechdean clotted cream ice cream | £5.59
Eton Mess Sundae (V)
Eton mess ice cream with meringue pieces, white chocolate mousse, freshly whipped cream
and raspberry coulis | £5.99
Beechdean Ice Cream and Sorbet (V)
Three scoops of ice cream or fruit sorbet from today's flavours. Beechdean ice cream is made
with fresh milk from pedigree Jersey cows | £4.29
Vegan option available
Vanilla Crème Brûlée (V)
With buttery shortbread biscuits and sliced strawberry | £5.79
Cheese Board (V)
Croxton Manor Brie, Stilton® and mature Cheddar with cheese biscuits, caramelised red onion chutney and grapes | £6.59
Rich Chocolate & Raspberry Torte (Ve)
Topped with an indulgent chocolate & raspberry
ganache, finished with raspberry coulis and vanilla & coconut ice cream | £5.69
When you buy this Torte, we will donate 20p on your behalf to Macmillan Cancer Support.‡ We are proud to support Macmillan.
Mini Pudding and Hot Drink
Choose from a mini Bakewell Tart , Millionaire's Cheesecake or Rich Chocolate & Raspberry Torte with any coffee or tea Excludes Liqueur Coffee | £4.99
Whatever the time of day, there's always time to relax with one of our hot drinks. Our medium dark espresso roast contains beans from Brazil, Central America and India, which gives a smooth, full-bodied coffee with layers of flavour. Initial caramel sweetness is followed by rich hazelnut notes.
Cappuccino | £2.95
Latte | £2.95
Black or White | £2.85
Decaf Coffee
Black or White | £2.85
Espresso | £2.35
Double Espresso | £2.65
Liqueur Coffee | £3.85
All of our coffee beans are Rainforest Alliance Certified.
Twinings Tea
English Breakfast, Earl Grey or Herbal | £2.60
Hot Chocolate | £3
Deluxe Hot Chocolate
With whipped cream and marshmallows | £3.50
Liqueur Hot Chocolate | £4


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Jenkins scored her third goal of the season (photo courtesy Gil Talbot).
CAMBRIDGE, Mass.—Sydney Jenkins scored just 37 seconds into overtime to lift the Harvard field hockey team to a 2-1 win against Vermont Sunday afternoon at Jordan Field, giving the Crimson its fourth straight win and improving Harvard's home record to 5-0 this season.
Georgia McGillivray also scored for Harvard (6-3), which for the second straight Sunday scored twice in the second half to rally from a 1-0 deficit. The Crimson held a significant advantage in possession and outshot the Catamounts, 23-8. Cynthia Tassopoulos backstopped Harvard with three saves, while UVM goalie Stephanie Zygmunt kept her team close with 13.
The winning goal came on the first shot of overtime. Caitlin Rea had the ball for the Crimson low at the right corner of the circle. She passed behind her to Jenkins. The freshman took the ball toward the top of the circle and found room to shoot. Her reverse shot was deflected by a defender but made its way over the goal line for Harvard's second overtime win of the year.
Harvard pinned Vermont (6-6) in its own end for much of the game's first 50 minutes, but Taylor Silvestro gave the Catamounts a 1-0 lead at 50:03. After Emily Bastiaanse sent the ball across the front of the goal, Silvestro swiped the ball into the Crimson cage.
The Crimson, however, kept up its strong offensive play and tied the game less than seven minutes later. On one of the Harvard's eight second-half penalty corners, McGillivray fired the ball from the left side of the circle and beat Zygmunt at the far post. Harvard outshot Vermont, 15-5, in the second half and held a 9-5 edge in penalty corners in the game.
Harvard could not translate its territorial dominance in the first half into a goal. The Crimson held a 7-3 edge in shots and a 3-0 advantage in shots on goal. Its best chance came off the stick of Noel Painter in the first minute of the period. She redirected a Jenkins ball from the right side, but Zygmunt made the save for the Catamounts. Three minutes later, Kaitlyn Boudah found Painter with a pass on the right side of the circle, but Zygmunt was again there for the stop.

subset: commoncrawl


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Arlington's business community came out to honor Arlington's "Best Businesses" at the ABBIES Awards Ceremony, held on May 13 at the Crystal Gateway Marriott. Held in conjunction with Arlington County's Economic Development Commission (EDC), this annual event features awards given out by the Arlington Chamber of Commerce and the Arlington EDC. Nine ABBIES were awarded. The recipients were: Arlington Community Foundation, Charles E. Smith Commercial Realty, Crescent, Kerns Group Architects, Sushi-Zen, Technology Management International, Travel Partners Inc., Virginia Hospital Center and WETA.
The South Arlington Lead Share Association (SALSA) meets for breakfast Friday mornings from 7-8:30 a.m. at the Juke Box Diner, 7039 Columbia Pike, Annandale. The first half hour is for networking. The meeting officially begins at 7:30 a.m. Only one business per profession can be represented. Visit salsanetworking.org or call Pat Cardillo at 571-331-8670.
Northern Virginia companies can now apply for the 2005 CARE (Companies As Responsive Employers) Awards administered by Northern Virginia Family Service. Applications are available online and must be submitted by June 10.
The CARE Awards recognize businesses located, but not necessarily headquartered, in Northern Virginia that are leaders in promoting a positive work-life balance for employees through company policies and benefits. The program was developed by Northern Virginia Family Service and area business leaders, not only to give recognition to family-friendly companies, but also to encourage and challenge other companies to examine their policies and programs. Since 1992, the CARE Awards have identified the best places to work in Northern Virginia.
The application can be downloaded from www.nvfs.org/applyforcare.pdf. Applicants are evaluated against other businesses of like size and resources. Award winners are recognized at a breakfast to be held Thursday, Nov. 17 at the Hilton McLean in Tysons Corner.
First Edition Toastmasters meets every Friday at noon at 1700 N. Moore St., Suite 1030, Arlington. The diverse membership of this Toastmasters chapter includes small-business owners and employees with a variety of government agencies and associations. Visit to find out how Toastmasters can improve skills in all areas of public speaking and communicate more effectively. Call Barbara Hicks at 703-558-2266, or visit www.firsteditiontm.org .
The Arlington Chapter of Business Networking International (BNI) meets for breakfast every Tuesday from 7:30-9 a.m. at the Arlington Holiday Inn, N. 4610 Fairfax Drive, Arlington. BNI leverages the power of word-of-mouth marketing and offers members the opportunity to share ideas, contacts and referrals as they grow their business. Only one person per professional classification or specialty may join a chapter. For more information, please contact Greg Brewer at 703-237-2705.
The Northern Virginia Business Referrals group meets every Tuesday at 7 a.m. for breakfast at the Metro 29 Diner, 4711 Lee Highway, Arlington. The group facilitates networking by limiting membership to one member per profession and has been in existence since 1996. For more information on Northern Virginia Business Referrals, call 703-312-7117, or visit the NVBR Web site, www.nvbr.org.
The Small Business Development Center at the Arlington Campus of George Mason University has announced that the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) is providing long-term loans at low interest rates for small businesses that have been impacted by having personnel in the National Guard or reserves called to active duty. The program is called the Military Reservist Economic Injury Disaster Loan.
Loans of up to $1.5 million are available at interest rates up to 4 percent. Terms can be as long as 30 years depending on individual cases. Loans of $5,000 or less do not require any collateral, while loans above that amount require collateral to the extent it is available.
For additional information or help with a loan application, contact the Arlington SBDC at 703-993-8128. The Center is located at the George Mason Campus, 3401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room 320.
Steve Kelly, the Director of the DOD Voluntary Campaign Office for the past 10 years, was awarded the Combined Federal Campaign (CFC) Association's inaugural Leadership Award for his achievements in leading the DOD CFC office. This office is responsible for both the DOD campaign in the Washington metropolitan area and the Overseas CFC to raise charitable contributions from personnel stationed overseas. Mr. Kelly retired on April 15 after 30 years of service .
The Virginia Chamber of Commerce announced the annual "Fantastic Fifty" list of the state's 50 fastest-growing companies at an awards banquet at the Marriott in Chantilly on April 28. Several Arlington-based companies were among those honored, including Number Six Software, ranked 43rd; Dante Consulting Inc., ranked 39th; Applied Predictive Technologies, ranked 31st; Milestone Group LLC, ranked 24th; Creative Information Technology Inc., ranked 17th; Cherokee Information Services Inc., ranked 16th; and Plateau Systems Inc., ranked 12th.
Turner Construction Company, already acknowledged as the leading construction company in the Philadelphia market, officially garnered the same position in the Mid-Atlantic region with the $10 million 2003 acquisition of Washington, D.C. construction company Tompkins Builders. Turner is headquartered on Wilson Boulevard in Arlington.
George Walton of Arlington, CEO of Patent Analysis Research Technology Systems, received the honor of Who's Who in Executives and Professionals — 2005-2006 from the National Register. Walton spent over 32 years in the field of intellectual property rights and law at the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office before starting his own intellectual property service business. He currently serves on the Supervisory Committee for the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office Federal Credit Union and serves as treasurer of the Alfred Street Baptist Church, where he also volunteers to assist homeless and needy families.
Ray Detig, RA, AICP, joins Woolpert's Arlington office as a project director and senior military master planner in the planning and design group. Detig is retired from the Air National Guard (ANG) with 27 years of service. With the ANG, he held the positions of architect, military master planner and program manager for the ANG Readiness Center at Andrews Air Force Base. As a project director for Woolpert, Detig will be responsible for creating master plans and managing projects primarily from the Department of Defense.


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AAA expects more than 1.1 million Virginians to travel at least 50 miles from home to celebrate Independence Day.
That's about 1.4 percent lower than in 2012. The auto club says the decline is due to a shorter holiday period. This year's holiday period runs from Wednesday to Sunday.
AAA Mid-Atlantic says about 84 percent of Virginia travelers will be traveling by car.
The shorter holiday period and higher gas prices than a year ago have many Virginia motorists staying close to home. One third of those traveling will remain within 150 miles radius of their home town.
Copyright AP - Associated Press


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Something to Love.
Tennis has never fared well as a video game. We see more football, basketball
and golf games than even the most dedicated jock could play in a year, but tennis
games are far and few between. The reason? Pong.
No matter how much you tweak it, no matter how realistic you make it, tennis
eventually boils down to a game of Pong. Without fail, every single game
of tennis goes like this:
1. I hit the ball
2. You hit the ball back.
3. Repeat.
Now don't get me wrong – the sport is plenty of fun to play in the real world,
particularly when you get good enough to stop hitting the ball over the fence.
But frankly, it's hard to make such a "thrilling" sport translate into a video
game, and in fact we haven't seen a really good one since, well, ever. Which
makes Sega's beautiful, fun and addictive Virtua Tennis even more of
a shock.
A 'smash' (ha!) hit in the arcades, Virtua Tennis comes to the Dreamcast
amidst quite a bit of hype. At the time of this review, you can't find a copy
anywhere as most retailers have sold out their stock. So is it worth it? Well,
yes and no, but mainly yes.
The game features a slew of international male tennis stars. Those tennis
licenses must be damn expensive, as the only U.S. player is the underappreciated
and often disappointed Jim Courier. The only other guys most of you have heard
of are Mark Philippoussis and Yevgeny Kafelnikov (actually, have any of you
heard of these two?). In other words, no Agassi, no Sampras, and absolutely
no women. Billy Jean King must be up'set.' (ha!)
The graphics are truly fantastic. Players look eerily real and move with grace
and fluidity. The courts show ball marks and scuffs – witness the dust kicked
up on clay courts. The framerate is blazing and the polygons are seamless. Sega
'serves' (ha!) up some definite eye-candy in this flawless port. [I can't
believe I'm going to 'let' (ha!) you get away with these puns… ~Ed]
For the most part, the gameplay is, well, tennis. You serve the ball, you hit the ball, you return the ball, you lob the ball, you smash the ball. But thanks to some excellent control, it's actually a lot of fun.
In fact, the intuitive controls help make Virtua Tennis that rare sports
title that even non-sports fans will enjoy. You don't need to be a genius to
figure out how to hit the ball pretty much anywhere on the court (push back
for near court, push forward for far court, push left for left, etc.).
In addition to the standard Arcade mode, you can customize your own Exhibition match or take on the world in the World Circuit.
The World Circuit is something of a quest mode. You pick a player and advance
through singles and doubles matches, gaining money along the way. This can be
used to purchase new playable characters, new stages and sporty new outfits.
There are also a bunch of training stages that help you hone your skills. These
odd levels include games like "Pin Crasher" (serve to knock down bowling pins),
"Drum Shooter" (lob tennis balls into cans), and "Bull's Eye" (hit balls at
a big target). While certainly bizarre, the training levels are fun and will
make you a better player.
After a while, you'll tire of whupping on the computer, and Virtua Tennis
shines as a multiplayer game. Challenge a friend to a singles or doubles match,
or take on the computer together. There's even four-player doubles games! No
matter how you slice it, it's entertaining.
Yet despite the good gameplay and awesome graphics, there are still a few 'faults' (ha!) that mar this otherwise stellar title.
For starters, the difference between the players is negligible. One has an
expert backhand and another has a brutal serve, but I just don't see it. More
distinction would have done wonders; some player specific, arcade-like shots
would have added depth (or is that game called Mario Tennis?).
The sound is not very good, and the music is an absolutely terrible 'racket'
(ha!). I don't know why Sega is in love with cheeseball 80's metal guitar riffs,
but Virtua Tennis is filled with 'em. Pseudo-Iron Maiden rock and the
aristocratic sport of tennis are not a 'match' (ha!) made in heaven.
Perhaps the biggest problem with Virtua Tennis is mentioned right at
the start of this review – the Pong factor. After a while, the game just
gets a little dull. The strategy of "hit the ball where the opponent isn't"
has its limitations, and most gamers will eventually reach their boiling point
once the initial addiction wears off.
But in the end, this is a worthy addition to just about any Dreamcast library. You may not fall in 'love' (ha!) with it, but you can do much worse.


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Proba-1 overview
Proba stands for PRoject for OnBoard Autonomy. The Proba satellites are among the smallest and most advanced spacecraft ever to be flown by ESA. The first satellite in the series, Proba-1, was launched in October 2001, as a technology demonstration mission, and it is now operating as an Earth Observation Third Party Mission.
Proba-1 performs autonomous guidance, navigation, control, onboard scheduling and payload resources management. Its payload includes a compact multi-spectral imager and high-resolution camera.
Just 60x60x80 cm and weighing only 94 kg, Proba-1 aims to use and demonstrate automatic functions, both onboard and in the mission ground segment.
Proba-1's main payload is a hyperspectral instrument weighing just 14 kg called CHRIS – standing for Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer. Despite this small size and a power requirement of just nine watts CHRIS can image an 18.6 sq km area at multiple angles, achieving a resolution of 18 m in up to 19 programmable spectral bands. Furthermore its agile platform can be tilted during acquisition to provide images of the same site taken at different angles.
That means CHRIS returns a wealth of biophysical and biochemical data as well as visual information about a given target, and can be used for activities including environmental monitoring, crop forecasting, forest cataloguing and marine science.
Also aboard is the compact High-Resolution Camera (HRC), which acquires black and white 25-km square images to a resolution of five metres.
22 October 2001
from Sriharikota, India
|Antrix/ISRO PSLV-C3
|Launch mass
|94 kg
|Number of technological payloads
|6 including autonomous star tracker and GPS sensor
|Number of instruments
|8 including Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS)
Sun synchronous
altitude 681x561 km
|97.9 degrees
|Time for one orbit
|96.97 hours
|Approximately 7 day repeat


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Kessler Park Real Estate
Kessler Park is often referred to as Dallas' hidden jewel. With its beautiful downtown skyline views Kessler Park is located in the area of Oak Cliff, just a bridge from downtown. This community demonstrates what can be achieved when an urban plan is thoughtfully implemented with graceful architecture and large residential lots. Home buyers can choose from a wide variety of architectural styles featuring charming brick, stone and stucco cottages, English Tudors, Prairies, Mediterranean homes and stately mansions with distinctive architectural integrity. The terrain is dramatic with rolling hills, an abundance of magnificent trees and Texas limestone accents. With its proximity to Stevens Park Golf Course, Methodist Hospital, the Central Business District, sporting and cultural centers; and its panoramic views of downtown, this area is unquestionably the most beautiful historic neighborhood in the City of Dallas. The Trinity River Project and the newly opened...
Kessler Park Homes For Sale
Search For Properties In Kessler Park
For a list of schools located within the district(s) please click on the link(s) below.


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share:Remind Me
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Virginia Stuart Cunningham, a twenty-four-year-old patient at Juniper Hill State Hospital, suffers from extreme anxiety, confusion and delusion. Although she knows that she is married, Virginia insists she has no husband and fails to recognize her husband Robert when he visits. Concerned about Virginia's condition, Mark Kik, her progressive, kindly doctor, questions Robert about her past. Robert admits that Virginia spoke little about her family but recalls the first time they met: In Chicago, Robert, a publishing house clerk, encounters aspiring author Virginia when she comes to collect her rejected manuscript. Robert and Virginia take an immediate liking to each other and begin dating. During one date in May, however, Virginia becomes panicked and bolts from Robert without explanation. Robert accepts a job in New York, and six months later, he runs into Virginia at a concert. Virginia never explains why she disappeared, but Robert gladly reunites with her and begins to talk about marriage. At first Virginia ignores Robert's proposals, but then, after seeing an announcement for a May 12th racing event, she abruptly proposes to him. When Robert suggests they wait until the end of the month, Virginia accuses him of not truly loving her. A few days later, they are married, but their newlywed bliss soon ends when a sleep-deprived Virginia becomes paranoid and withdraws from Robert, crying out that she can never love anyone. Back in Kik's office, Robert concludes his story and gives the doctor permission to use electric shock treatment on Virginia. After the fourth treatment, Virginia starts to come out of her daze and is startled to learn that she has been at Juniper Hill for five months. Satisfied that he has made contact with her, Kik stops her shock treatments and begins psychoanalyzing her. During their first session, Kik asks Virginia about the significance of the date May 12th, but she has no apparent memory of it. Later, after a successful visit with Virginia, Robert concludes that she is well enough to live with him on his mother's farm. Worried that Virginia may be released from the over-crowded hospital before she is ready, Kik decides to use narcosynthesis to speed up her recovery. Under the drug's influence, Virginia recalls what happened on the evening of May 12th, when she ran away from Robert in Chicago: Aware that she has promised to attend a banquet with her hometown boyfriend Gordon, Virginia abandons Robert in a bar and dashes to her house outside the city. On the way to the banquet, Gordon, an older, controlling type who is unaware of Robert's existence, proposes to Virginia. Conflicted, Virginia complains she is ill and asks Gordon to take her home. As a storm rages, Gordon turns back, but his car soon collides with an oncoming truck. Gordon is killed, and Virginia is consumed with guilt. Back at Juniper Hill, Kik reassures the still drugged Virginia that she was not responsible for Gordon's death. Later, against Kik's advice, his superiors, Dr. Curtis and Dr. Jonathan Gifford, schedule a staff meeting to discuss Virginia's release. During the review, Virginia, distracted by the violent thunderstorm blowing outside, acts confused and paranoid and is unable to answer the doctors' simple questions. When the brutish Dr. Curtis begins wagging his finger in her face, demanding that she tell him her home address, Virginia suffers a complete breakdown. Virginia is sent down to Ward 12, where she receives intense hydrotherapy and learns that, during the interview, she bit Dr. Curtis' finger. Virginia's mental state improves slightly after a chastened Robert admits to her that he was the one who pushed for the review, not Kik. Later, Virginia pretends to be ill in order to speak with Kik, and her calm, rational demeanor convinces him that she is ready for Ward 1. While there, Virginia becomes attached to a rag doll made by another inmate. Using the doll as a bridge to Virginia's past, Kik prompts her to recall her early childhood: As a girl of six, Virginia angers her mother after she trades her big doll for her neighbor's small one and refuses to return it. Jealous of her beloved father's attentions to her pregnant mother, Virginia becomes incensed when he takes her mother's side and, in a fit of pique, breaks a soldier doll her father had won for her at a carnival. Soon after, her father falls gravely ill and dies. In the present, Virginia confides to Kik that she felt responsible for her father's demise, which caused her mother to withdraw even further from her. Later, Virginia suffers a major setback when she insults head nurse Miss Davis, who is jealous of Kik's interest in Virginia, and, fearing punishment, locks herself in a bathroom. When the vindictive Miss Davis tricks Virginia into coming out, Virginia becomes hysterical and is put in a straightjacket. Virginia is then sent down to Ward 33, the section for the most severely disturbed patients, but survives and even makes friends with Hester, a violent woman who refuses to speak. Despite conditions, Virginia improves and tells Kik that being in Ward 33, a place she likens to a snake pit, has made her realize that she is not as sick as the others. Kik then explains to her how she transferred feelings of guilt from her father to Gordon, who reminded her of her father in some ways, and then to Robert, who resembled her father in other ways. After Virginia agrees that "husbands and fathers can't be the same thing," Kik informs her at a hospital dance that he is recommending her for release. During her review, Virginia easily impresses the staff and is approved for discharge. Before leaving, Virginia says an encouraging farewell to Hester, who utters a few words in response. Virginia then confesses to Kik that she knows she has recovered because she is no longer in love with him. After Kik reassures her that she never was in love with him, Virginia boards a waiting bus with the devoted Robert.


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A university is pulling their scholarship offer for a Havelock High School footballer after police charged him with stealing iPads and iPods from an elementary school.
Havelock High player Michael Bowman committed to the University of South Carolina back in March, choosing the Gamecocks over North Carolina State, Penn State, North Carolina and East Carolina University.
Havelock Police said they arrested the 18-year-old after getting word on August 7th that over the course of nearly a month, the electronics were stolen from the school.
Investigators said they later determined Bowman was working for a company contracted to clean that school and was working between the dates of June 9th and July 16th, when the items were stolen.
In total six iPads and two iPods belonging to the school were stolen, according to authorities. Multiple iPods belonging to a school employee were also taken, police said.
Bowman was charged with 16 counts of misdemeanor larceny.
The 18-year-old was in court Friday. His next court appearance is scheduled for October.
The teen is considered one of the top recruits in the state with a standout 52 catches last year and 11 touchdowns.
The player sat out last Friday's game against New Bern as a result of his recent arrest. He is not expected to play this Friday either.
A student-athlete who was employed by a private company to clean a Craven County school has now been charged in the thefts of iPads and iPods from the school.
Havelock police arrested 18-year-old Michael Bowman of Havelock.
Officials confirm Bowman is a senior at Havelock High School. He is a standout in sports, including football and basketball. The football coach confirmed Bowman will not play in Friday's game.
The Apple devices were taken from Arthur W. Edwards Elementary School on Educational Lane in Havelock.
Havelock police received word of the crime on August 7. Investigators said they discovered the theft was not a part of a breaking and entering, but actually happened over a period of time, from June 9 to July 16, when Bowman was cleaning at the school.
Six iPads and two iPods belonging to the school were taken, along with multiple iPods that belonged to a school employee.
Bowman has been charged with 16 counts of misdemeanor larceny.
The teen lost his scholarship to the University of South Carolina following his arrest.


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Like a child who hopes to feel like a grownup by putting on their parent's clothing, Philips' new S10 cordless handset could easily be mistaken for a modern smartphone. But it's not. It's a complete fraud! Silly landline, you're not fooling anyone with your grownup disguise.
Now as landline phones go the S10 is certainly the cream of the crop, with a 3.5-inch capacitive touch screen interface and a metal housing. But since the crop hasn't changed much since the 1980s, that's not saying much. Functionality barely goes past your standard handset with a more graphical treatment for contacts and call history, and the ability to jot down notes with your finger. Yawn.
The one bright spot is the handset's ability to be paired with a real smartphone over Bluetooth, letting you use it for taking or placing calls in lieu of your more capable device. But since a subsidized price tag through a contract really isn't an option here, the S10 will most likely cost a small fortune, which is hard to justify for a near-extinct piece of technology.


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Malaga winger Joaquin Sanchez is promising a big performance from his side today as the Spanish side host Borussia Dortmund in a UEFA Champions League quarter-final in their first ever appearance in the competition.
"We'll go out aggressive and look for a result at home, but not even an 8-0 win would allow us to relax in Germany," Sanchez said on Monday.
"These are the games that footballers want to play in, we're very happy to enjoy this atmosphere and that the fans can join in, you can sense the club's dreams everywhere you go here," the former Spain international told a press conference.
In last month's 2-0 second-leg win over Porto, Malaga turned around a tie they were losing by a single goal after the away game and once again showed the good home form that allowed them to top their qualifying group ahead of AC Milan.
Indeed, Malaga have never lost at home in 13 European games in their history. That includes group wins this season over the Italian giants, plus Zenit St Petersburg and a qualifying-round win over Panathinaikos for a home record in the competition that reads four wins and one draw, hitting 10 goals and conceding only 2 in the process.
The form of Argentine goalkeeper Willy Caballero has been decisive for their progress, with Malaga boasting La Liga's second-best defensive record, and his form will be key if Borussia Dortmund are to be thwarted at La Rosaleda.
"We have to be up for it and play Borussia on equal terms. That will be difficult because they are a team that attacks well and have a whole lot more. For us, it's a dream, but we must be strong in the home game," Caballero said.
Jurgen Klopp's Dortmund are renowned for their attacking prowess, having scored 91 goals in all competitions this season in 40 games, including a 2-2 draw at the Santiago Bernabeu that came after they beat Real Madrid 2-1 in Germany to top Group D.
Caballero will come face-to-face with in-form striker Robert Lewandowski, who has scored in nine consecutive Bundesliga outings and has 13 goals in his past 13 games for the club.
The Poland international got the winner on Saturday as Dortmund won 2-1 at VfB Stuttgart to deny Bayern Munich an early celebration of the Bundesliga title.
Borussia trail Munich by a massive 20 points, but remain in contention to finish second, sitting four points clear of Bayer 04 Leverkusen, with three wins in their past four matches.
Malaga are also in contention for qualification for next season's competition as they currently sit fifth in La Liga, but the Costa del Sol club is banned by UEFA from next season's competition, barring an appeal, for outstanding debts.
Coach Manuel Pellegrini's feat to get his side to the quarter-finals in such circumstances is enviable, doing so he becomes the first manager to take two debutant teams so far in the competition, having led Villarreal to the semi-finals in 2006.
His side grabbed a first win in five league games on Saturday, 3-1 at Rayo Vallecano de Madrid, but their form in general has been patchy since the turn of the year, with just six wins in 17 games.
A major boost from Saturday's win was a first goal of the season for former Arsenal and Real Madrid forward Julio Baptista, who was making only his seventh appearance in the past 18 months due to Achilles and hamstring injuries.
Malaga will have almost a full squad to call on today, with the likely exception being Portuguese fullback Eliseu, who is still recovering from a knee injury picked up in January. Mats Hummels with ankle ligament trouble, Sebastian Kehl and leftback Marcel Schmelzer, who suffered a broken nose in Saturday's game, are all doubts for the Germans.


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7 impatiens alternatives to plant this year
So what can you plant this year instead of impatiens? I've spent the long off-season pondering that dilemma. In addition to coleus, a colorful foliage plant, I can recommend some great flowering annuals with a long bloom cycle that are low-maintenance, can tolerate at least some shade and have the same suitable-for-bed-or-container habit as our beloved standby. It wasn't easy, but I did find seven solid alternatives I think you'll like.-- Jessica Damiano
Vinca (Catharanthus roseus) Not to be confused with vinca vine, a perennial ground cover, this annual resembles impatiens more closely than any other substitute, and is available with lavender, white, red or pink blossoms. Can handle some shade, but flower size increases dramatically with sunlight exposure. Perfect for hot, dry sites, this plant is drought-tolerant, "self-cleaning" (no deadheading necessary) and can be brought indoors for winter windowsill color. Grows 6-16 inches tall and wide.
Begonia, tuberous (x tuberhybrida) thrives in part shade, requires ample water and fertilizer, and grows 6-18 inches tall, 6-12 inches wide.
Clown flower (Torenia), like this Suntory ''Summer Wave Large Blue'' variety, doesn't bloom quite as prolifically as impatiens but is very attractive and thrives in light shade while tolerating heat. Flowers are deer-resistant; grows 8-12 inches tall, 6-9 inches wide.
Flowering tobacco (Nicotiana ''Starmaker'') requires just six hours of sunlight per day. Deadhead to prevent self-sowing; grows 10-12 inches tall and wide.
Lobelia is available in cascading and mounding varities. If plants stop blooming during heat waves, shear plant to encourage another burst of flowers. Grows 6 inches tall, 6-9 inches wide.
Petunia performs best with 6-8 hours of sun daily. Pinch or cut back by half in midsummer to rejuvenate plants. Vines of "Wave" varieties can trail up to 4 feet long.
Amethyst flower (Browallia) prefers rich soil, so add compost at planting time, then mulch to keep roots cool. Grows 12-24 inches tall, 6-12 inches wide.
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We were big fans of Logitech's two-color LCD-equipped G15 gaming keyboard, but we can't say we find that the addition of a color screen justifies the $200 price tag for the updated G19 model. Yes, it's neat to put a full-color image or even a video up on the screen while you're playing a game (imagine watching YouTube clips during a long griffin ride in World of Warcraft, without alt-tabbing out). With time, the G19 user-developed software library might even come to thrive like it did for the G15. But with relatively few color-specific apps available even a few months after its release, we can't recommend spending more than twice the price of the G15 for the G19's color screen and a few design tweaks. Until the software comes around, the G19 is mostly a well-designed, expensive novelty for the PC gaming elite.
Setting aside the screen for a moment, the G19 keyboard itself is only slightly more impressive than the most recent version of the G15. The core key design provides the same crisp keystrokes, with the same 12 "G" keys on the left edge. As with the G15, the G19 gives you three different switchable modes, so you end up with 36 effective customizable keys, along with on-the-fly macro recording. Logitech also includes another hallmark of its G-series keyboards, a switch that lets you disable the dedicated "Windows" key, so you don't accidentally switch to your desktop screen during gameplay with an errant key press.
New to this model (aside from the color LCD) is its capability to recognize five simultaneous key presses. Macro-happy gamers and digital artists, in particular, should appreciate that feature, which opens up a greater level of mastery to run repetitive commands. We're also glad to see that the G19 now has two powered USB 2.0 jacks. The G15 is stuck with USB 1.1, which is not as fast. Anyone who regularly transfers large amounts of data between a PC and a portable storage device or media player will benefit from that added bandwidth.
Other features include a smart drum-style volume control above the G19's number pad, on top of which you'll also find a set of easily accessible media play controls. As before, the G19 ties into iTunes, Windows Media Center, and other media software apps. Last but not least among the new, non-LCD-related highlights is the option to select from 16 million different colors for the backlit keys. You customize the colors through the only-somewhat-intuitive Logitech Profile software, which lets you tie three different colors to the three mode buttons for the programmable "G" keys. We wish it had a dedicated button to scroll through at least a few preset colors, though. We also wish Logitech would consolidate its configuration software into one application. Instead you have to bounce around between the G-series Key Profiler for setting up the G keys, and a separate LCD Manager app for the built-in screen. Which brings us, finally, to the color LCD.
As with the G15, the G19 provides you with a secondary display, ostensibly to minimize the number of times you switch out of a game to the Windows desktop to check the time, your in-box, or get other information. Unlike the G15's two-tone model, the G19 gets full color output and a larger 320×240 screen size. Logitech includes 11 different applications you can use on the screen of the G19, among them a clock, a system performance monitor, an RSS reader, photo and video players, and an app that lets you play YouTube videos. All of those programs have option screens–accessible through both the LCD Manager software and through a set of screen menu controls on the keyboard itself–that let you change content source folders and make other adjustments.
The G19 also comes with built-in support for 46 PC games, and four different applications, including Ventrilo, the popular third-party voice chat software favored by many PC gamers. "Support" for those various titles means essentially that the screen will display different information, such as character stats and ammunition counts. We haven't tried every game on the list, many of which are outdated, but we never found the game-specific information that handy during gameplay. We can see a few possibilities that would make the LCD screen more useful, such as giving you an extra inventory screen or showing an in-game map, but we haven't seen those kinds of features implemented in the handful of titles we've tried. We do, however, like the Ventrilo plug-in that lets you know who's talking, which can be useful if you don't know everyone in your World of Warcraft guild by voice.
Potentially more exciting is that, as with the G15, Logitech also includes a software development kit for the G19's LCD. It took a while for the enthusiast community to embrace the G15's kit, but once it did, all kinds of mini apps became available for public download. We don't expect the G19's software library to have blossomed in the three months since the keyboard's release, but without a critical mass of homemade applications, it's hard for us to say what kinds of programs might come from the community. You can use some of the homebrewed G15 apps on the G19, but not all of them work on the new color screen. We also can't help but wonder what effect the G19's high price will have on the adoption rate among the enthusiast community. If fewer people buy the G19, that will surely affect the amount of collective effort behind any software development.


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Friday Dec. 30, 2005
News Update-
Gooya Newsonline reporting from " Advar " news:
Complete report from a poetry & pray ceremony for Ganji in his home !
"Advar" news : On Thursday evening a ceremony with the presence of many students and political activists was held in Akbar Ganji's ( the investigative journalist ) home. According to Advar news there were alot of people that many were unable to enter the house, therefore many followed the ceremony in the street. This ceremony was organized by " Daftar Tahkim Vahdat" ( a student organization), those present were: Dr. Malakian, Saeed Hajarian, Dr. Malaki, Dr. Ebrahim Yazdi, Basteh Negar, Dr. Kadivar, Engineer Mosavi Khoeiniha, Dr. Zaidabadi, Taghi Rahmani, Narges Mohammadi, Isa Saharkhiz, .............
At the begining of the ceremony the students praised Ganji's resistance , then one of the student chanted a song .
Dr. Zaidabadi spoke about his experience with Ganji while they both were in prison.
Dr. Kadivar said : I have spoken alot about Ganji before, and everyone must defend his life and his rights. He said : Ganji brought alot of pressure on Islamic Republic, and it is surprizing that the regime which bends to foreign pressure dose not want to bend to this particular case. He said we have a government that does not have enough political wit and only pays more attention to personal hatred than to national interest and because of the lack of wit, these people can not even manage a small city, the aviation of the country is as much dangerous that when a plane crashes they can not even evaluate the situation and to find the guilty officials.
He said: by having a lawyer and a journalist in prison shows that there are no freedom of expression in this country and this is a constitutional and human rights violation .The cause of the revolution was for freedom and human rights.............
At the end Ganji's wife ( Mrs. Shafiei) : Thanked each and everyone participated in the ceremony. She said : It is more than 120 days that Ganji is in solitary confinement ( cell number alef-2 in Evin prison) and the prisoner in this cell has no visitation and no news and I'm worry about his health and situation.She said: Mr. Ganji is standing on his openions and has chosen his way and will never go under confession and i ask god to give me and to my children the power to tolerate this absence and his situation.
Translated by IRAN WATCH CANADA
Link to this news :


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Browser Support 2004February 02, 2004
thecounter.com's stats live again. Not to be used as a final word, but as good an indication as you'll find of the global climate, their stats are aggregated from a widely distributed hit counter script, and presumably sample a broad cross-section of the population.
There were some trends I was following before they went MIA in May of last year. (Note: disregard stats for June to December 2003, they finished off with May and misreport the rest of the months.) Observed: IE5 users are dropping, as they switch to IE6. NN4 is history. (MSIE1.x is reportedly being used by almost as many as NN4, but this is an anomaly). IE dominates, and while the browser eco-system is getting interesting again, the numbers are still heavily skewed in favour of Microsoft's dormant flagship.
Which all raises the question: which browsers should/shouldn't one spend the energy supporting now that we're in 2004? The answers will vary depending on a) a site's users, b) what you're trying to accomplish, c) budget and time contraints, and d) personal philosophy.
Browser users are split into two groups: those who run whatever comes with their OS, and those who seek out a new browser. The former dominate, and will continue to do so. The latter are generally well-informed and vocal, and will speak up when your work doesn't function in their browser. The former get stuck with older technology for far longer than you'd like. The latter generally stay on top of updates and new releases.
Should you support both groups? As best you can. Is it always possible? No. Should you use your best judgement? Always.
For what it's worth then, my own list, and the reasons why I do or don't cater to the browser in question. By catering, I mean testing with and making sure it renders the layout reasonably well.
Pre-Installed Browsers
- Internet Explorer 6 (Win)
- Yes. Don't question. Just do.
- Internet Explorer 5/5.5 (Win)
- Yes. Still used by 15 to 20% of the population. Dwindling, but still very relevant. Will re-evaluate in 2005.
- Internet Explorer 4 (Win)
- No. 0.x% of the population run it, on the same level as NN4. Not worth the time or headache. Same goes for any version prior.
- Internet Explorer 5.2 (Mac)
- Yes. The whole world isn't on OS X yet. Safari, Firebird, and Camino don't like OS 9. Though its rendering engine (Tasman) is aging, it's still remarkably good. It's really not that hard to support IE5/Mac. So I do.
- Internet Explorer 4.5 (Mac)
- No. IE5.2 is a low enough baseline.
- Safari 1.0 (Mac)
- Yes. The new default for Mac users. Thanks to a clever move by Apple, 1.1 isn't available to anyone who hasn't upgraded to the latest and greatest. 1.0 is the baseline, and will continue to be for some time.
Downloadable Browsers
- Mozilla 1.x (All)
- Yes. I generally use Firebird to do my testing, and assume the latest Mozilla suite will render similar or better. This isn't the best way to test, but it usually works. I'll fire up Mozilla 1.5 occasionally.
- Konqueror (Linux)
- No. I don't have a Linux install handy. Konqueror doesn't do that bad a job, all things considered. I find its font handling odd (due to inexperience) and it makes an absolute mess of this site, so it's not perfect. I'd support it if I had the spare box. So, the intention is there, the ability isn't.
- Netscape 7 (All)
- Yes. See Mozilla.
- Netscape 6.0/6.1/6.2 (All)
- No. If my code works in 7, it stands a chance of working in 6. I don't explicitly tailor anything to work in 6. It's assumed users of 6 will have upgraded by now.
- Netscape 4.x
- No. It's over. Same goes for any version prior.
- Opera 7 (Win)
- Yes. As best as possible. Opera is a relatively good browser, and I don't mind spending a bit of extra time to make sure 7 will render my code properly. Sometimes I can't figure it out after spending a large chunk of time on it, and throw my hands in the air (see this very site's drop-down menus as an example.) Other times I have better luck. Opera will keep getting better, thus, easier to support.
- Opera 6 (Win)
- No. It's assumed Opera 6 users will upgrade to 7.
- OmniWeb 4.5 (Mac)
- Yes. It uses the same WebCore rendering engine that Safari uses. Easy to support.
- iCab 2.x (Mac)
- Nope, sorry. Its CSS support is still too young.
- Amaya (all)
- No. Keep dreaming.
- Lynx (all)
- Yes. I don't explicitly test in Lynx, but when I become aware of problems I generally try and fix them. This site should be humming along in Lynx just fine.
Again, this is my list, and my reasons for or against. Your list and reasons may vary. If you're catering to institutes that have standardized on older technology, and still haven't re-evaluated by now, you may have to support NN4.x or another horribly ancient browser on that list.
Reader Comments
I have not tried it, but it seems there is a native port of KDE for OS X: http://dot.kde.org/1073009304/
I'm in complete agreement with your listing and rationale, Dave. Having said that, I am prepared to tweak should a user of Old Browser X call me up (rare).
I'm Windows-based for the most part and yes, Joseph, I have a G3 (Yosemite) at home for the Mac stuff (though I've not managed to get OSX running on it yet - that's another long, painful story…). On my Winbox I run VMWare with a Linux VM for Konqueror. I used to assume that Konqueror gave an indication of Safari's behaviour, but seeing Safari in action changed that assumption.
Wot? No screenreaders tested? OK. OK. Can of worms. Move along, please.
I would also recommend testing commercially-oriented sites in a web-enabled phone or phone simulator.
I confess I don't do it myself yet (that Openwave installer has been sleeping on my desktop for a few weeks now, lazy me) but it was in my New Year's resolutions.
Justin… I find that rebooting my WinXP machine once in a while to run Knoppix (thus Konqueror) doesn't do too much harm – besides, it's better than cluttering my hard disk with yet another seldom-used app…
So, not much has changed then.
It's disappointing to see Mozilla outranked by "Unknown", which I assume categorizes web crawlers and very obscure browsers. What kind of marketing is Mozilla doing against IE? I encourage every IE user I know to try Firebird, and they stick to it 9 times out of 10. I tell them to tell their friends. According to 6-degree theory, this should cover the world in 6 iterations. We'll see about that. ;)
I stumbled across a goldmine of great tools built into Opera 7. Within view–>style there is a list of some render options like text-only, accessibility layout, and other little features. Another feature called "small screen = SHIFT+F11" appears to show the screen as it would appear in a handheld or web phone.
KDE3.2 konqueror is rendering your page just fine (even the menu, unlinke opera 7.,5). Anyway, it has the same core layout engine as safari (actually the other way round: Safari uses KHTML, which was devleoped by KDE), so testing in safari should get it running in latest kde as well.
Can anyone suggest the best way to install IE 5.0 and 5.5 on my XP machine without messing anything up?
I want to test some web pages I've made.
Thanks :)
P.S A few days ago, you mentioned that Mozilla Firebird is not *Safe*, actually so far it is, The exploit (hijacking) in the article turned out it was an exploit in IE :)
I develop in Windows on a Windows-only network. I often need to test a design in Safari, but we have no OSX machines available. (At least not hooked up to the Internet.)
If you want a really great way to test your site on OSX in Safari, check out Daniel Vine's iCapture.
Basically, you feed it a URL, it takes a PNG snapshot in Safari 1.1 on OSX, and then it posts the PNG on the site for 24 hours. How cool is that?
For installing IE 5.0 and 5.5, just check the downloads and documentation here:
I'm glad you're talking about this, cos I came up with a cute little tool last week and I've been scratching my head trying to figure out who to tell about it.
http://flurf.net/only/ is a simple page that will tell you what browser you're using. It does so using CSS filters - a surprisingly small set of filters will correctly identify Safari, IE5/Mac, IE4/5/5.5/6, Mozilla 0.6-1.1/1.2+, and a few others. It doesn't work with Opera as far as I know, but I'm sure there are plenty of people here who can test and suggest. Have a look and play with different browsers and tell me what you think.
Incidentally, in answer to Jed: I develop here at work on Win2K using Moz 1.7a and IE6. I run IE5.5 on WinNT4 via a Citrix terminal window, but everything else I get from VMWare. It's only a couple of hundred bucks for a license, and it's incredibly good. Using that and Dan Vine's iCapture, I can test a huge variety of browsers with no trouble.
"Can anyone suggest the best way to install IE 5.0 and 5.5 on my XP machine without messing anything up?"
"For installing IE 5.0 and 5.5, just check the downloads and documentation here: http://www.skyzyx.com/archives/000094.php"
Once you've assembled your stable of browsers (IE6, IE5.5, IE5, NN4, MOZ, Firebird & Opera), check out MOZiE which offers the ability to link them all together in a semi-seamless manner: http://www.zeit.ca/mozie/ or check out LaunchPad: http://zeit.ca/archive/20040201/
Yeah that's pretty much the same list I have as well. However, BrowserCam does make it easy to test all sorts of different browsers, although it's expensive.
By the way, there's a typo in the article:
"I�ll fire up Mozilla 1.5 on occasionally."
Actually if you want to cover OS 9 users then you should be supporting IE 5.1 as IE 5.2 does not run on OS 9. 5.1 has several major shortcomings compared to 5.2 and is a lot more difficult to support as it has several major bugs that are fixed in 5.2.
This is one of those interesting situations as you have to decide whether or not it is worth support a browser than is no longer actively supported by its maker, which is running on an OS that is no longer actively supported by its maker. Personally I think unless that is your target audience, its not worth it. But it depends on time and effort whether or not you feel that its worth supporting such a small segment.
Personally I would go with:
IE 6 and IE 5.5 (90% of your browser audience)
Mozilla and Netscape 7.0 (about 5%)
Safari and Omniweb (about 3%).
Netscape 6.2 is trivial to support but the availability of 7.X makes the exercise somewhat pointless.
If you can support IE 5.2 and Opera 7.0 then I would also go for it, but given that nether typically trouble more than a single percentage point of a typical browser audience time and resources may be better spent elsewhere.
I've learned my lesson in browser availabilty recently. I work at a large university hospital and as a gesture for our users I made a flash movie and some PDF documents for support of a MIS environment.
Turns out a lot of people are still working on old 486 PC's with Netscape 4 that won't run anything above Adobe's acrobat plugin version 4 and won't install flash at all, while others get brand new Dell pentium 4 machines with a 15" TFT screen.
Don't assume anything about your users, even when you have some accurate statistics.
I'd pretty much agree with your list, Dave. You may like to mention minority browsers like K-Meleon, Galeon, Beonex and Ephiphany, which should work in the same way as Mozilla since they're all Gecko-based. I get the odd visitor who uses one of those.
I really wish Microsoft broke silence on their plans with IE in Longhorn. Being a Microsoft-oriented developer myself I find it hard to believe the rumors that a stand-alone browser may become a rich client yet again (http://news.com.com/2100-1032_3-1011859.html). So much for browsing free agency.
These days I cut off styles for all version 4 browsers and have had no complaints from anyone in the last year for doing so. IE 5/Win remains the baseline and I fear it will remain so for some while yet.
My difficulty is that I have access to OS 9 machines and an OS 10.3 box but have no access to OS 10.2. This makes testing on Safari 1.0 difficult.
As to other browsers, I tend to think that people who choose a browser like Opera or Mozilla will tend to upgrade regularly so I tend to leave testing to the most recent versions.
on a different note: ive been trying to educate people outside of the webdesign comunity about the profits of having a better browser. let's hope it helps. http://www.esfootwear.com/news/2004/1/soft-launch/
I agree with most of what you've said, although I think the fact that Netscape "5" (actually 6) has a higher share than Netscape "6" (actually 7) goes against your assumption that NS6 users will upgrade.
It was really good to read your current take on browser support. I am somewhat new to the XHMTL/CSS arena, but my list compares favorably with yours.
Oddly enough, I have become a real lover of Lynx throughout this journey. Seeing a page displayed linearly is an interesting experience, actually, one I am beginning to favor. I suppose that is why so many blogs favor the linear approach.
A question I have been pondering is how everyone goes about testing their sites. I use a PowerBook and am able to test all Mac browsers and PC browsers with Virtual PC. I really wonder how PC developers are testing their sites. Spare Mac? Really seems that it is a great time to be developing on a Mac!
Really enjoy the site.
Your rules of thumb for testing pretty much mimic my own. All I have to do now is quit buggin others to test my work on their macs and save up for one of my own :)
This is a great set of guidelines for those just gettin into CSS design and are unsure how to properly test.
Nice work.
Sometimes it's nice to see that we go by similar rules for browser choice. With the endless 'little' decisions that have a huge impact on the project it's always good see others going by the same rules of thumb.
If you really did want to test in Konqueror, aside from using a Knoppix/MadrakeMove distro (on 1 machine the rebooting would be inconvenient), there is
Cygwin [http://cygwin.com] which lets you run Linux under Windows. Combine with KDE on Cygwin [http://kde-cygwin.sourceforge.net/] and you could have it witout leaving Windows.
I just heard about it and haven't tried it, but it might be another useful developer tool to consider when time allows (and that's really the hard part).
I agree with your list, with the exception of IE5/Win. I do support IE 5.5, but I won't go out of my way to fix issues with IE 5.0x.
I do, however, feed Netscape 4 and IE 5 users a "please upgrade now" message to encourage them to make the move to something worthwhile.
re: Bill Mason's comment: Unfortunately the IE5.0/IE5.5 hack to have all three versions does not seem to work on non-english Windows (like mine).
re: the whole thread (while I'm at it): Did you know there seems to be some rendering differences between IE5.5/win98 and IE5.5/w2k? I realized it last week and have been tearing my hair ever since, trying to have kind of the same display in both. I'll post a test URL sometime in the future, hopefully.
Hmmm… no mention of _supporting_ speech browsers? Its disappointing to see people playing the numbers game when it comes to browser support. Speech browsers are used by a minority group, so always get excluded in "market share" analysis. Remember disability discrimination is about the protection of minority rights. Using numbers as an excuse is just mindless indifference.
Why support speech browsers? If anything to avoid the inaccessible practises of the Fahrner Image Replacement technique: http://www.alistapart.com/articles/fir/ . How many CssZenGarden layouts use FIR? http://www.mezzoblue.com/archives/2003/12/12/accessible_i/index.php
My experience browsing thecounter and other stats backs up most of your version distinctions. Netscape 6 and opera 6 are now seriously outnumbered by their version 7 counterparts. Which is good, as both browsers got quite a few major fixes/enhancements in that period. You'd be amazed how many things work fine in NN7 and fall apart in NN6.
Tim: from my experience, thecounter's browser-sniffing is very dubious. However, I think when they say "Netscape 6" they mean it (their historical records suggest this - NN6 appears at about the right point in time), and "Netscape 5" is more likely mis-identified Netscape 7. Every stat source I've ever seen that appears to accurately distinguish the two has NN7 way ahead of NN6 nowadays. Their NN5 number is actually way down on what it was in April 2004 - probably because Mozilla has been split out, where it used to be included.
Also on past experience, the "unknown" figure is way high. It's presently about 2.1%, compared to a more typical 0.1-0.2%. Either there are a lot more bots out there than there used to be, or there's one or more undentified browsers lurking in there. (want a giggle? go look at their stats for september-november 2001, where "netscape compatible" briefly soars to 11% as the sniffing takes two months to notice the existence of IE6.)
As well as the "unknown" figure, there's The Browser With No Name at 0.9% I reckon one or both of the Unknown/Unnamed figures will be revealed in the near future as a browser not currently on the list. My wild-ass guess (so don't shoot me if I'm wrong) is Safari and/or Mozilla Firebird.
arg! In composing that epic, I forgot my other point - in the blog world, stats can vary quite wildly - a lot of counters on blogs are showing "Netscape 5" at 15-30%
I would guess that Moz & family are getting a disproportionately high market share amongst heavy 'net users (Early Adopters?)
Thank you all for the Windows testing input. Good information to know. Fortunately, I am doing all my work on a Mac, but if I'm ever in a Windows situation, at least I know the options.
Thanks again.
s t e f: I'm runninge multiple versions of IE (5.01, 5.5 & 6.0) on a Danish version of Windows XP with no problems.
Isofarro – perhaps you'd better have a head-to-head with Kynn Bartlett, who recommends not testing in JAWS unless you've committed a huge amount of time to learning it – http://www.maccessibility.com/archive/000843.php
Or Joe Clark, who says in the article that you cite that developers need access to inexpensive versions of screenreaders – http://www.alistapart.com/articles/fir/
I'll follow Kynn's advice and write to WCAG, and let the screenreaders catch up to me, thanks.
Re: Speech browsers
Personally I would love to support as many standards compliant browsers as I can, and that includes wireless and speech and if I had an infinite amount of time and resources I would. However I have neither and so we can only go so far with what we have.
In practive it is difficult to get the business people to support anything other than IE as anything else is seen as not worth the investment. Mention supporting people with disabilities and typically you will get the "that is not our target market" speach or other common misconceptions. It's a sad nature of the world, and I suspect that only a major lawsuit or additional regulation will change that view.
However what I have found is that if you design your sites using well formed XHTML and CSS, use the image replacement trick that uses text-indent: and overflow: hidden, avoid the use of Flash, follow general good design and implementation practices then your site will by in large be usable on most screen readers with little extra effort.
A bigger problem for screen readers is getting implementors to produce pages that can be read on a screen reader in the first place, as still too many web designers do not understand CSS, refuse to learn and fall back on old school table based layouts, but that is a topic for another time.
In addition to jasc's report, I find Konqueror 3.1.0 (KDE 3.1) does very nicely, except for inline lists here and elsewhere. (If you'd care for screenshots, I'd be happy to help). Furthermore, shouldn't it go under pre-installed browsers, along with Mozilla 1.x? Those are what came with my distro, afterall (lynx and links not withstanding).
Two comments:
1) According to theCounter stats, in May 2003 IE 4-6 held 94% of the market, in January 2004 it held 92%. Now this may be a statistical fluke, but it does strangely confirm a trend I've been seeing in other statistics.
IE seems to have lost a tiny sliver of market share in 2003. It's in the 1 to 2 % range, so not particularly much, but it would be the first time ever IE loses any market share at all.
IE 5.0 and 5.1 on Mac Classic are still pretty much OK, 5.2 isn't.
I wonder why you don't mention Opera 6 for Mac.
Re: testing for Safari 1.0 on a 10.3 box:
Since Omni chose to "hard code" web core into their browser rather than "tap into" OS X's web kit, can you not just test on Omniweb 4.5?
(Assuming that in version 4.5 they hard coded webcore in … I read that they did on 5.0beta, but not sure about 4.5)
Harley: Omniweb 4.5 and 5.0 are both based on WebCore. I'm not sure how much Omniweb changed the WebCore code, and how many of Safari 1.0's rendering quirks are shared by Omniweb 4.5/5.0.
Opera 6 Mac (which is abandonware, as far as I'm aware) I simply don't test in. It's probably worth a quick look to make sure your site isn't completely unusable, but I can't see anyone other than an Opera+Mac user making the argument for bending over backward to support it.
OmniWeb/Webcore/etc. – Harley makes a good point above, even the new OmniWeb 5 beta ships with the same version of WebCore as Safari 1.0 (not 1.1 or 1.2) – http://daringfireball.net/2004/02/omniweb_5_public_beta – see 'OmniWeb's Core Problem'.
Your support list is more like my support wish list. I wish I had a Mac to test on. I wish I didn't have to support NN4. But (a) I make zero money on web design so I can spend up to and including zero money on a new Mac "just for testing;" and (b) my most active user is stuck with NN4 at her workplace, and since I'm married to her, it looks like I'll be stuck supporting it. But as a great man once said, "Let it be a challenge to you."
Doug, if you don't have a Mac to test on, and just want to get feedback on whether things are working or not, go to a mac forum (maccentral or macnn) and ask people to test it for you. If you tell them that don't have a Mac, but want your site to work well on them, you'll typically get good feedback.
Check out knoppix.org for Linux bootable from a CD room. Its just another good way of test your site without installing any other software on your machine.
Good article aswell
I was wondering why you are saying that Opera will get better. I'm not talking about the fact that IE dominates the market, but i'm only looking at your comment from a CSS point of view.
Opera supports the standards far more better then IE, so i wonder why one might have trouble usig CSS in Opera. In my experience, it's always a hassle to let IE behave as it should be?
Re: Disabled users.
I remember (I'm old) when there were no wheelchair ramps or wheelchair accessible bathrooms or elevators in a two story building in the US. Then all government organizations had to be accessible to those with disabilities. Then soon enough businesses (even small businesses in L.A.) had to be accessible to those with disabilities.
Why do I say this? Well in the U.S., government web sites have to be accessible to those with disabilities. Do you see the writing on the wall? I think as long as we try to comply with 508 or whatever other standard there is at least we can say we tried, even if we don't have the resources to buy screen readers or other devices, that's all we can do.
As far as browsers, from the stats I looked at it looks like IE (All versions) are used by 95% of our visitors, Netscape 2.7%, other 1.6% and less than 1% for Opera.
I've had loads of problems with floats and clearing in IE Mac I just finally gave up. Safari changed with the latest release and didn't even keep some backward compatibility with the last version.
I've finally gotten so that I start developing with Mozilla Firebird, then I make IE 5.01, 5.5 and 6.0 work and lastly Safari. I haven't installed Opera and I'm not sure that it will be worth my time to make our sites compatible with Opera. Any thoughts?
I quit caring about Safari the second time I designed a page that worked fine in 1.2 but not in 1.0. My apologies to users who resent being left flapping in the wind by Apple due to tying their browser to OS releases, I don't see any sensible recourse for them but to pay the annual AppleTax or pick a more sensible browser.
Why are still so many people use 800x600?
I dont understand. Older notebooks?
In my experience it's a lot of government users that depend on a sluggish IT department (or should I write budget).
Do not trust thecounter.com's stats. It does not recognize spiders-robots.
According to me, browser users are split into three groups: those who run whatever comes with their OS, those who seek out a new browser, and those who seek the best browser.


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First Report Of Internal Jugular Vein Narrowing—A New Concept In Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
We have dedicated a number of recent posts to the discussion of thoracic outlets syndrome (TOS), a condition which causes compression of the blood vessels and nerves at the top of the chest. Dr. Sam Ahn of University Vascular Associates, along with other colleagues, study this condition and recently found that compression (stenosis) of the internal jugular vein is found in patients with TOS.
This finding represents a new concept in the diagnosis of this often debilitating condition. Furthermore, the authors reported that using a balloon on the tip of a catheter to expand the compression or blockage in the jugular and/or subclavian veins can relieve symptoms of TOS. This new concept will be presented to other surgeons at the Fall semi-annual meeting of The Texas Surgical Society to be held this September in Houston (http://txsurgicalsociety.com/UpcomingMeeting.aspx).
Below is the abstract of the scientific paper to be presented at the meeting.
TITLE: Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty as Therapy for Thoracic Outlet Symptoms
AUTHORS: Ahn, Samuel S; Chen, Julia F; Miller, Travis J.; Chen, Sheena W.; Feldtman, Robert; Hwang, William
OBJECTIVES: Traditionally, thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) has been associated with axillo-subclavian vein stenosis without any mention of the internal jugular (IJ) vein. However, we recently reported a high prevalence of IJ stenosis in 109 patients with TOS in a limited study. To further understand the clinical significance of this finding, we analyzed a larger cohort of patients and their subsequent follow-up.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 237 consecutive unique patients referred to our practice with thoracic outlet syndrome. From April '08 to Dec '12, all patients underwent diagnostic brachiocephalic venograms. Average age was 49.9 years (r:17 to 81), with 71.8% females and 28.2% male. We looked at the right and left internal jugular veins and the right and left subclavian veins. Stenoses were classified into high (>66%), medium (33%-66%),and low (<33%). We also looked for presence of collaterals around the obstructions. Venogram findings were independently confirmed by four investigators. For the purposes of this analysis, high stenosis was considered significant. Medium and low stenoses were considered significant only if there were visible collaterals. Of this group, we then looked at all patients who received intervention via PTA at the stenosed IJ sites. Patients were categorized into Groups I or II. Group I: patients who received no immediate relief of symptoms after PTA; Group II: patients who did receive immediate relief of symptoms after PTA. Group II was further broken down into subgroups IIA, IIB, and IIC. Group IIA: those who required additional surgical intervention due to symptom recurrence; Group IIB: those who report sustained relief; Group IIC: those who were lost to follow-up.
RESULTS: Left internal jugular vein stenosis, left subclavian vein stenosis, right internal jugular vein stenosis, and right subclavian vein stenosis was seen in 67.5%, 57.6%, 62.7%, and 61.6% of patients, respectively. Internal jugular vein stenosis was not present in 18.1% of patients, present unilaterally in 33.3% of patients, and present bilaterally in 48.5% of patients. Subclavian vein stenosis was not present in 24.1% of patients, present unilaterally in 32.5% of patients, and present bilaterally in 43.5% of patients. Significant collaterals were present in 26.80% of high stenosis, 21.5% of medium and 12.8% of low. Of 237 patients, 67.7% (n=147) received PTA intervention. Of those who received intervention, 28.6% (n=42) were in Group I, 67.4% (n=99) were in Group II, and 4% (n=6) did not have available data. Of those in Group II, the breakdown was as follows: IIA (35%, n=34) with a median of less than 7 days (r: 2-210) of relief; IIB (31%, n=31) with 120 days (r: 5 to 406) of follow-up; IIIC (31%, n=31) with 93.5% (n=29) reporting sustained relief at 7-day follow-up and median follow-up of 7 days (avg: 25, r: 6-182).
CONCLUSIONS: Internal jugular vein stenosis is common in patients with thoracic outlet symptoms and percutaneous treatment provides benefit to some patients. These findings could fundamentally change the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome. Further studies are warranted.


text:
Bûche de Noël
Bûche de Noël is traditionally made in France for Christmas. When I managed a French artisan bakery it was Christophe's specialty and he used to make three flavours, chocolate, coffee and a white chocolate and raspberry. Hotels and restaurants loved to order them for a centre piece.
I have to be honest and admit I had never made one until now but I used to watch Christophe making them.
Chocolate Bûche de Noël
The first thing to make is the crème au beurre or buttercream.
Crème au beurre
125g butter (unsalted)
1 egg and 1 egg yolk (reserve the white)
87g sugar
25g water
1 tablespoon cocoa powder
1 teaspoon of rum
Soften and whisk the butter in one bowl. In another bowl whisk the eggs and stand aside.
Measure out the sugar and water accurately and place in a small pan with a sugar thermometer. Dissolve the sugar and then heat until you reach 121 degrees C. If you are using a heavy based Le Creuset pan for example remove from heat when you hit 120 degrees as the temperature will continue to rise. Cool to 110 degrees. Continue to whisk the eggs adding the cooled sugar syrup in a steady stream. Continue whisking for another few minutes. Add this mixture to your whipped butter. Add in cocoa powder and rum and place in fridge to stiffen up.
For the sponge
4 eggs and the reserved egg white
140g sugar
100g flour
1 tablespoon cocoa powder
Line a swiss roll tin with baking parchment and grease it with a knob of melted butter. Mine was 36 x 25cm or 14 x 10 inches but you can use a bigger one to get a thinner sponge which makes rolling it easier.
Pre-heat your oven to 170 deg C or 160 if fan assisted.
Put the eggs and sugar in a bowl and place over a saucepan of water. Put the heat on under the pan and bring to a gentle simmer all the time whisking the eggs and sugar. When it turns thick and creamy and you can write on the mixture with your whisk and it remains visible for a few seconds it is done.
Sieve in your flour and cocoa powder and gently fold in with a metal spoon. Pour the mixture into the tin and tilt the tin to move the mixture into the corners.
Place on the bottom shelf in the oven and bake until it springs back to a gentle touch for 25-35 minutes. Place a damp tea towel on a board and slide the sponge out of the tin onto it. Cover with a dry tea towel and leave to cool.
When it is cool spread the buttercream gently all over it with a pallet knife or a spatula. Cut a line about 1cm in along the shorter side and fold this over and start to roll from here using the greaseproof paper to guide it into a tight roll.
Set aside and prepare your ganache to cover the log.
250g dark chocolate or half and half dark and milk if you don't like it too bitter
100ml cream
Break up the chocolate pieces into the cream in a heavy based pan and put on a gentle heat until the chocolate starts to melt. Stir until it all melts and then set aside to cool. This ganache sets very hard so keep an eye on it. When it is the right consistency to spread cover the sponge and make marks in it to resemble a log. Decorate and serve.
For the coffee flavour replace the cocoa powder with 2 teaspoons of coffee liquid extract. For the white chocolate add 75g of melted white chocolate to the buttercream and make a white chocolate ganache as above to cover.


text:
Razorbacks Win Rain-Soaked Game, 49-7
Hogs beat Kentucky, game called for weather
Tyler Wilson and Arkansas took out a season's worth of frustration against Kentucky.
Wilson was 23 of 31 passing for 372 yards and a career-high five touchdowns to lead Arkansas to a 49-7 win over the Wildcats in a game shortened by severe weather.
Wilson threw a 74-yard touchdown pass to running back Jonathan Williams on the opening play for the Razorbacks, who had 533 yards of total offense before the game was called with 5:08 remaining in the third quarter because of lightning near Razorback Stadium. The second-half suspension followed an hour and six-minute delay in the first half.
The win was the second straight for Arkansas (3-4, 2-2 Southeastern Conference) after a four-game losing streak. Williams finished with three catches for 150 yards and a pair of touchdowns, and running back Dennis Johnson added three touchdowns.
The Wildcats (1-6, 0-4 SEC) were outgained 444-88 in total yards in the first half.
Even before the weather became a factor, Wilson and the Razorbacks had taken complete control against a Kentucky team that had played 14 true freshmen this season. The senior threw four touchdowns in the first half as the Razorbacks built a 42-0 halftime lead. His fifth touchdown pass came in the third quarter on an 18-yard pass to Julian Horton, putting Arkansas up 49-0.
The pass beat Wilson's previous best of four touchdown passes in a game, set in a relief role against Auburn in 2010. It also tied the school record for most touchdown passes in a game, equaling the mark former Razorbacks quarterback Ryan Mallett set in four different games.
The Wildcats' lone highlight was a 61-yard touchdown pass by freshman quarterback Jalen Whitlow to La'Rod King in the third quarter. Whitlow, starting because of injuries to Maxwell Smith and Patrick Towles, struggled throughout and finished 2 of 10 passing for 83 yards.
Arkansas, meanwhile, took advantage of the youthful and inexperienced Wildcats at seemingly every opportunity - eager for a convincing win in a season where any victory has been anything but a sure thing. The Razorbacks, whose former coach Bobby Petrino was fired in April, began the season ranked No. 8 before plummeting out of the polls after a loss to Louisiana-Monroe.
That loss was the first of four straight under interim coach John L. Smith, putting Arkansas' streak of three straight bowl games in jeopardy. The Razorbacks snapped the streak last week in a 24-7 win at Auburn, but even that win was a struggle at times.
Arkansas looked every bit like the same team that was 21-5 the last two seasons on Saturday, though it came against a reeling Kentucky team that's now lost five in a row since its lone win against Kent State on Sept. 8.
The Razorbacks outgained the Wildcats 307-48 in total yardage in the first quarter, after which it led 28-0. Two of Wilson's touchdown passes in the quarter came on wheel routes out of the backfield to Williams, who added a 77-yard score to end the quarter to match his opening touchdown.
The 42-point win equaled Arkansas' largest margin of victory in an SEC game. Its largest was a 52-6 win over Mississippi State in 2003.


text:
Birth Defect Rates Vary Depending on Fertility Treatment
Researchers not sure if technology or biology is the cause.
SATURDAY, May 5, 2012 (HealthDay News) — Birth defects are more common after certain infertility treatments, but whether the cause is the assisted reproduction techniques themselves or the underlying biology preventing conception isn't clear, Australian researchers say.
"While treatments appear quite safe, we cannot ignore that there are significant risks that require urgent investigation with additional ongoing studies," said lead researcher Michael Davies, an associate professor at the Robinson Institute of the University of Adelaide.
For the study, published online May 5 in the New England Journal of Medicine, Davies and colleagues collected data on more than 6,100 births achieved using assisted reproductive technology in South Australia.
The investigators compared these births with a registry of more than 300,000 births, looking for the risk of birth defects associated with infertility treatments compared to unassisted pregnancies. "Spontaneous" pregnancies in women who previously had infertility treatments were also considered.
Overall, with assisted reproduction methods, the risk of any birth defect was 8.3 percent compared with 5.8 percent for unassisted pregnancies. These included cleft palate, and heart, gastrointestinal and esophageal defects.
For in vitro fertilization (IVF), the risk for birth defects was 7.2 percent. For intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), it was 9.9 percent. In IVF, eggs are retrieved from a woman's ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab before being returned to her uterus. With ICSI, a form of IVF, a single sperm is injected into the center of an egg cell to aid fertilization.
Women using clomiphene citrate at home to stimulate ovulation had triple the risk of birth defects, the researchers noted.
"Although this finding was identified in a small subgroup, it is consistent with a large U.S. study from early 2011," Davies said.
"The excess risk for IVF could be explained by patient characteristics, such as age or weight," Davies said. "In contrast, the risk for ICSI could not be explained by available factors."
It appears that a history of infertility may be associated with increased risk, independent of treatment, he noted. "This may be due to underlying patient factors," he said.
Using frozen embryos substantially reduced the risks from ICSI, suggesting the association is related to the embryo, Davies said.
A limitation of the study is that the most recent data is 10 years old, which was necessary to allow five years of follow-up for all births, Davies pointed out. "However, treatments have evolved and ICSI pregnancy rates have improved since, perhaps suggesting risks may be lower today," he added.
Dr. Avner Hershlag, chief of the Center for Human Reproduction at North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, N.Y., said it is important to interpret these findings for patients "so they don't freak out."
The risk of having a baby with a birth defect is only 2.5 percent greater in those using assisted reproduction than in those having a baby without it, Hershlag said.
Also, most people who use assisted reproduction are older than those who have children on their own, and older patients have a greater risk of having a child with birth defects, he said.
"So when they take age and other factors into account, IVF no longer poses an increased risk," Hershlag added. "This is excellent news for our patients."
The problem with ICSI is not new, Hershlag said. It most likely has to do with genetic problems in the sperm that is being injected from men who are very deficient in sperm production. "Those males don't necessarily have normal DNA," he said.
However, patients need to know the risks, "without being scared to death," Hershlag stressed.
More than 90 percent of in vitro fertilization babies will be normal, he said. "Of those who have defects, many of those defects are very minor and correctable," he added.
"There are now over 5 million human beings around the world that have been created through reproductive technologies, most of whom would not have existed," Hershlag said.
Dr. Glenn Schattman, president of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, said in a society statement that "women with a history of infertility who did not undergo assisted reproduction technology treatments also had a higher increase of having children with birth defects."
He added that "some results in this study are reassuring for patients: in cycles not including ICSI, the adjusted odds ratio for IVF-conceived children did not show a significant difference in birth defects, and children born following embryo freezing had no higher risk of birth defects than naturally conceived children."
Dr. David Cohen, chief of reproductive medicine and an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Chicago, added that the risk is something prospective parents need to accept.
"The risk doesn't cause patients to not go ahead, it causes them to think twice. In the end most people proceed," Cohen said.


text:
Welcome to the E-Blah Community!
We would like to welcome you to our community and invite you to register an account or login.
Being a registered member is important, as it gives you several advantages over the normal Guest status. After registering you will be able to download files and images, post messages, and access member-only portions of the forum - just to name a few. Registration is quick and simple, and only takes about a minute of your time.
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text:
Documentary featuring interview clips of Zeena's most prominent television appearances [released before her abdication as Church of Satan High Priestess.]
In 1985, when the politically motivated "Satanic Panic" in the U.S. led to false accusations of child and animal sacrifice, ritual sexual abuse and other criminal actions being directed at the Church of Satan, Zeena's father named her as public representative and High Priestess.
In the process of defending the Church of Satan from these unfounded claims in the U.S. mass media, Zeena's media appearances attracted a new upsurge of membership to the formerly moribund organization even as she began to question and ultimately reject the self-centered atheist philosophy she promoted. As she toured the United States on behalf of the Church of Satan, Zeena's crisis of faith reached its highpoint when she learned that most of her father's self-created legend was based on lies and that many of his works were plagiarized. When jealousy and spite motivated Anton LaVey and his administrator Densley-Barton to actually endanger Zeena's life, she could no longer continue to cover up her progenitor's true character in good conscience. This behind the scenes tension should be kept in mind when viewing or hearing Zeena's interviews from that time.
The Black House resource center was an independent sole proprietorship founded by Zeena prior to her leaving the Church of Satan. The Black House resource center was originally the only source which sold these interview compilations or any official Church of Satan products. Zeena closed the Black House upon abdicating from her position as High Priestess of that organization.