text:
84-86 Headlight Motor Crank Tool
When working on the 84-86 headlight motors you need to raise and lower the headlight buckets to get access to the lower nuts holding the headlight bucket to the chassis. Use this tool in a reversable drill to raise and lower your headlight buckets.
NOTE: The battery should always be disconnected when working on a headlight assembly. The hot wires to these headlight motors are always hot. Disconnect your battery before working on a headlight assembly
Shipping: Shipping in the USA via First Class Mail is $5.50
Shipping to areas outside of the USA: Generally I ship postal air first class mail. Shipping varies depending on what country they are going to. It ranges from $11.50 to Canada to $22 or more to Australia etc.
I do not offer free shipping.
Because I use postal flat rate boxes for heavy orders there is no program that can add the proper amount of shipping to every order. So all shipping is added manually by myself after you place your order. That is explained here: Shipping added later explanation
When you place an order the shipping amount will show $0.00. Soon after you place an order you will receive an email confirmation that shows the amount of shipping that was added to your order.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
America's Cup: Winds of change on S.F. waterfront
S.F. WATERFRONT Longtime tenants leaving their spots as America's Cup construction ramps up
As the America's Cup nears, so does moving day for merchants who have called the waterfront home for years.
Massive construction projects for the world-famous sailing race and the port will soon begin on Pier 27. To make way, the first of dozens of businesses, including a cabaret show and a limousine service, are laying out plans to move elsewhere. And soccer players are shooting their final goals on a field that will be demolished.
The moves are among the latest of many preparations for the America's Cup, to be held in 2012 and 2013. The regatta is expected to bring millions of people to San Francisco and generate $1 billion.
Final details of the city's transformation for the event emerged last week in a report that is pending the city's approval.
Teatro ZinZanni is leaving its spot between Piers 27 and 29, where it has been entertaining crowds with European-inspired aerobatics and music since 2000.
Its last show will be New Year's Eve and the theater plans to erect its trademark tent on what is currently a parking lot at the intersection of the Embarcadero and Broadway by November, said Annie Jamison, executive director of the production. Those designs will be presented Wednesday before a subcommittee of the city's Historic Preservation Commission.
"Obviously it's a very big change for us as a business," Jamison said of the move. "But we couldn't have expected more than what we got from the city and the port."
Other Pier 27 tenants on the move include Bauer's Intelligent Transportation, a limo and bus rental service, and the San Francisco Chinese Chamber of Commerce, which leases space to build and store floats for the Chinese New Year Parade.
Both plan to move to Pier 50, said port spokeswoman Renee Martin. She said Bauer's new lease is expected to be introduced at the Board of Supervisors today and approved by the Port Commission next Friday.
Loss of a field
Soccer players, however, appear to be out of luck. Demolition looms for Telegraph Field, which is located on a parking lot between Piers 27 and 29.
The children and adults who play league tournaments and pickup games could leave as soon as the middle of the month, Martin said. An online petition to build another field elsewhere has gathered nearly 1,000 signatures. Many complain the venue is being erased for an event that will last just four months.
"It's such a well-situated field, right there by the Financial District, the only one in the entire area," said Noah Johnson, 24, a legal nonprofit worker who has played there three times a week for two years. He and his friends are used to kicking the ball around, then walking back to his North Beach neighborhood.
The moves have been in the works for months, Mayor Ed Lee said Monday.
"They've all been notified about this issue," he said. "It shouldn't be a surprise to anybody."
As soon as February, two developments are to break ground at Pier 27: the James R. Herman Cruise Terminal - an 88,000-square-foot, two-floor facility that will accommodate cruise ships - and the Northeast Wharf Plaza, a 2.5-acre public space.
The terminal is to be completed by March 2013, according to officials of the port, which is sponsoring the project.
And a walkable area called the America's Cup Village will spring up from Piers 27 to 29, in time for the race finals in July 2013. Pier 27 will be the main spot to watch the races begin and end.
The Port of San Francisco will be shouldering the costs of the tenants' moves.
Rent credit for some
Those moving to spaces along the Embarcadero will receive rent credit in exchange for moving. The Chinese Chamber of Commerce will get nearly $8,000, or two months' worth of rent, Martin said. Rent credits for the others are under negotiation.
San Francisco Soccer, the nonprofit that runs the field, will receive a negotiated sum of money, as will other businesses that leave the waterfront, Martin said.
A total of 77 businesses will have to clear out in the next two years.
Of the remaining tenants, dozens of small offices that use the port for storage, and won't be in the way of construction, will get to keep their spots for at least a year, Martin said. They have not yet identified new locations.
In general, San Franciscans strongly support the America's Cup. But not everyone is a fan of all the changes to come.
"It'll be kind of tragic when we play our last game," said Johnson, the soccer player. "Everyone's trying to win the league for the last time."
Staff writer Heather Knight contributed to this story.
E-mail Stephanie Lee at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Anastasia was born in 1979, at the age of ten.She's been around ever since, and she's only thirteen now. I never get tired of writing about her and her family. Katherine Krupnik, her mother, reminds me of myself.
Sam was born when Anastasia was ten, and for a long time he existed only in the books about her. But kids liked him. Maybe he reminded them of their own little brothers. So at the request of young readers, I gave Sam his own series.
Caroline and J.P. Tate are so much like real kids in real families: a bickering sister-and-brother pair, with a long-suffering single mom. They live in New York City, but in one book they spend a summer with their dad in Iowa. In truth, the Tates could exist anywhere.
Mrs. Pidgeon's second grade has one student who is, shall we say, somewhat unusual. New to the school in October, by Thanksgiving she has completely entranced the entire class. And there's a whole school year yet to come
Each of these is an all-by-itself book, not part of a series. They take you from Denmark to West Virginia to Boston, - and many other places - and three of them come from my own life. (See if you can figure out which three!)
Sam's adventures, some of which also occur in the books about Anastasia, are warm and life-affirming; they are related with humorous affection, without a trace of condescension.
In this second book about Anastasia Krupnik's younger brother, Sam concocts a perfume made of his mother's favorite smells to honor her request for only homemade gifts for her birthday.
Sam Krupnik decides to run away to Alaska when his mother won't let him wear his new plastic fangs in the house. Sam stops at neighbors' houses to say goodbye and is given so much gear and information, he wonders if he's made the right choice.
It's Future Job Day at Sam's nursery school, and Sam, who has zookeeping aspirations, is thrilled when his teacher says he can tell the other children about a series of zoo animals: "For six weeks he could stand in front of the circle and feel that feeling of being the most interesting person in the room."
At the age of twelve, Jonas, a young boy from a seemingly utopian, futuristic world, is singled out to receive special training from The Giver, who alone holds the memories of the true joys and pain of life.
In this speculation on the nature of the future of human society, life in Kira's community is nasty, brutish, and, for the ill or disabled, short.
In this novel that unites characters from "The Giver" and "Gathering Blue," Matty, a young member of a utopian community that values honesty, conceals an emerging healing power that he cannot explain or understand.
Son thrusts readers once again into the chilling world of the Newbery Medal winning book, The Giver, as well as Gathering Blue and Messenger where a new hero emerges. In this thrilling series finale, the startling and long-awaited conclusion to Lois Lowry's epic tale culminates in a final clash between good and evil.


text:
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4BETTER OR WORSE- The week in review
Biggest snowfall: Four inches fall at McCormick Observatory March 2, according to the Daily Progress, the area's greatest snowfall of the season. Typically winter snowfalls for this area average almost 18 inches; up until the latest accumulation, the area had gotten about 3.8 inches.
Worst week for Charlottesville legally: Two lawsuits are filed against the city. The Coalition to Preserve McIntire files motions to stop the Meadowcreek Parkway February 24 and city employee Roscoe Gilmore, a maintenance crew supervisor in public works, files a federal suit February 19 alleging discrimination.
Closest call: After two cars collide on East Jefferson Street March 3, one of them runs down an embankment and into the side of First Step Infant Development Center, the Progress reports. No child was injured, although a few bricks came loose and a plate glass window shattered.
Best plea for worst driving: Nelsonite Helen Jewel Ward pleads guilty February 24 to maiming, driving under the influence for the third time, and driving with a suspended license, Tasha Kates reports in the DP. Ward plowed her Ford Explorer into a 2003 Mitsubishi Galant driven by Annie Reed and carrying her nine-year-old son December 5, seriously injuring Reed. Ward, who blew a .20 blood alcohol level, faces up to 11 years in jail and will be sentenced May 20.
Biggest good news/bad news scenario: Charlottesville School Board votes for a $66.3 million budget that approves up to 2.5 percent pay raises– but cuts 22 positions, according to Rachana Dixit at the Progress.
Biggest competition for the unemployed: An efficiency study suggests that Charlottesville use more nonviolent jail inmates to save money on public works projects, Henry Graff reports for NBC29.
Most litigious: Halsey Minor, owner of the skeletal Landmark Hotel on the Downtown Mall, files another lawsuit, this one against developer Lee Danielson. Minor is also suing (and being sued by) auction houses Christie's and Sotheby's.
Latest teacher to hit on a student: Nelson County High track coach Richard Seely Noles, 22, resigns February 23 and is arrested the next day for computer solicitation of a juvenile, according to the Nelson County Times. The investigation began when the student's father complained about the alleged offense, which took place February 19.
Latest high-end retailer to open in defiance of economic downturn: Anthropologie plans to open a store at Barracks Road Shopping Center in August.
Latest cartoon brouhaha: Locals weigh in on the New York Post editorial cartoon of a chimpanzee shot by two police officers with the caption, "We will have to get someone else to write the next stimulus check." Local NAACP prez Rick Turner sends out a press release from the state NAACP denouncing the cartoon as an "abomination." Rutherford Foundation head John Whitehead calls the uproar "intellectual book burning."
Most local pundits quoted in one Washington Post article: Bob Gibson, head of the Sorenson Institute for Political Leadership and former Progress political reporter, and Waldo Jaquith, blogger/RichmondSunlight.com founder, both lament the shrinking press corps covering the General Assembly in a March 1 Marc Fisher column.
Most likely to fail: Cvillain.com hosts a media death watch in which you can weigh in on who will go first.
Best growth industry: DoodyCalls, a Charlottesville/Northern Virginia company that cleans up pet excrement, saw 21 percent growth last year, according to owner Jacob D'Aniello in a Washington Post article about people doing more tasks themselves to save money. "The only time I really felt we'd be in trouble," says D'Aniello, "is if everybody woke up one morning and decided they liked picking up dog poop."


text:
The Web site for a private school in Changzhou, one of China's smaller cities, features blue blazers and plaid skirts, music classes and an ivy-clad brick doorway — all the trappings of the British school system designed to appeal to wealthy Chinese parents.
In choosing a smaller city, Oxford International College — no relation to the British university — is tapping into a growing market of upwardly-mobile Chinese willing to pay as much as US$41,700 a year for a Western-style education and a ticket to college overseas for their children.
"Changzhou is quite an affluent area and many people want to send their kids overseas, so the proportion of Chinese students is ticking up. The expat community is not enough to justify a school," said Frank Lu, the general manager of Oxford International Colleges of China.
"The market really is the Chinese — it's the Chinese who want their children to go abroad and are willing to pay the fees."
Some of the schools offer programs specifically tailored to British A-levels or the US Advanced Placement tests; all promise the English proficiency needed to attend a foreign university.
In a sign of the eagerness to get the Changzhou school up and running, classes have already started even though the campus — complete with an artificial lake and boathouse — is under construction until September.
That international aura is key to persuading ambitious Chinese parents to pay steep tuition fees. Many schools feature foreign-looking children on their Web sites or name themselves after elite schools in Britain or North America.
Oxford International is one example. Then there is EtonHouse, a Singaporean company that operates schools in eight Chinese provincial cities.
Maple Leaf Educational Systems has expanded to seven cities in China from its original home in Dalian, a northeastern Chinese port city, by offering a curriculum endorsed by the British Columbia board of education in Canada.
Established British schools like Harrow and Dulwich are also expanding their branches in China.
"My dad wanted me to go abroad at an early age, but my mom did not support the idea," said Jiang Xin, the 17-year old son of a real estate developer, whose parents compromised by sending him to Maple Leaf's Chongqing campus at US$8,000 a year.
"In the future I want to study abroad. My experience here at Maple Leaf is helping me adapt to the Western learning style earlier."
Indeed, many wealthy Chinese parents see these schools as a way to get a foreign-style education while keeping their only children close to home.
"Later when she goes overseas to college we will have few chances to see her. We treasure the time we have with her now," said Zhuang Zhengyi, the head of the parents association for Oxford International in Changzhou, where his daughter is in tenth grade.
The number of international schools registered in mainland China has skyrocketed in the past 12 years, from 22 to 338, according to Nicholas Brummitt, managing director of the Britain-based International School Consultancy Group. Enrollment has risen by 25 times in the same period, to 184,073 students.
Overall, 28.8 million students attend state-run primary or middle schools in Chinese cities, which are officially free but in reality charge a number of fees.
Just under half the international schools in China are in provincial cities like Changzhou, well apart from the main expatriate centers of Beijing, Shanghai or Guangdong. The trend coincides with the increasing incomes of China's middle-classes, who are spread across the country, and their aspirations.


text:
Item No.:
Product Name:
NEW Solar All Weather Modules 160mA 18V
For charging 18V rechargeable battery and applications
Current: Isc:160mA Voltage: Voc 18V
Power: 2.88W
Built with all weather and durable special high quality fibre glass board
Made by USA most advanced and high technology equipment for perfect quality
Use best grade USA made high efficiency solar cells and components
New improvement coating material and adhesive material
UV protection, all weather protection, moisture protection and corrosive protection
A blocking diode is built in the circuit with the connecting cable wire to protect the battery against discharge at night time
All solar modules are provided with battery clips for immediate and easy use
Power (maximum): 2.88W
Current (maximum) Isc: 160mA
Voltage voc: 18V
size: 287 x 156 x 15.5mm
Applications: Ideal for use in marine yacht, sailing boat, all indoor and outdoor activites, household use and personal electrical and electronics items.. etc.
Applications: Also good for radios,tent-fanx,recreational vehicles,portable televisions,warning lights,flash lights,garden lights, house lights, garage lights and ventilators,just use your imagination to match the applications.
For day time use or day time charge for night time use
[Please click here to go back]
To make enquiry on this product, go back to product list and check the box.


text:
ces here too
I do have lots of bike trails near by to train on. I wish I had some Zipp wheels, those dudes look sweet!! I just got all the glue off my push rims fixen to re do them..Also ordered some new gloves today they are suppossed to get here WED. Now if it will just warm up and quit snowing I will be good to go...What races are you going to do this year?
Hey Brock, what kinda chair do u have? I have a Eagle race chair, I just had to order all new upholstery. I c-ya u are in Ok. is that right? Have you ever raced before? I started last year , I raced in an all-court basketball chair. I am excited about getting out in my race chair!!!
Sounds like a plan.. I will look into dinding them asap.
As far as lifting I life regularly, and jave email and tried to find a way to get involved in powerlifting. No luck so far with any responses.
Thnak you,
Hey thank you for your response. Yea I need something to get some cardo in that is not going to cost me a whole lot. Unfortunately money is a issue on my end and the main reason I have no accessible toys (for lack of better words).
I am a t11 complete there is nothing I can not do sitting down. I mean nothing. I am crazy, crazy blessed. Any help on ideas would be awesome..
Hey man, sorry, haven't been on the website in awhile. I'm good. Nice weather huh?
Got your request. Thanks I've learned so much from reading what you guys have to say.
Hey were you INBF? I was always a smaller guy heavest I ever got was 187 during bulk rotation. competed 147. stratogy would be at bottom of next weight class so pushed to get down to 147. In a chair 80% of time.
Hey bud. Thanks for thinking about me. I live in Pittsburgh and am glad the G20 is over with. My wife can stop worrying about how the hell she is getting home from work now. I just got over my most recent UTI turned septic and have been in the hospital for about a week every month this year! I am 2 years out from my injury now and I swear my UTI's are getting worse, not better! Other than that, I am doing great. I am actually showering, getting dressed, using the bathroom and whatnot all by myself now. If all goes well, I will be going to driving school soon to learn how to use hand controls. I had my accident on the job and am a workers comp case and i'm going to my companys picnic today to say hi to all of my old work buddies I haven't seen in a long time. Enough about me though. How have you been? I hope you and your loved ones are doing well. Keep in touch and feel free to drop a message whenever you like. Take care!
Hey Brock, Did'nt here from you this weekend, guess you were busy. Been having alot of trouble with the electronics on my van. Got it fixed now though. I had to actually get into an arguement with the "Head" Tech. to inform him that if you're not putting back more Amps. than you're using you will eventualy run the batteries down to a point where they are useless. Anyway they finally put a higher output alt. on and presto the problem went away. Hey give me a call sometime or send me you're # and I'll call you. bye for now.
It's this weekend.I'm ready!!!
That's great man.We all deal with that.Glad you've overcome it.Dieting is going good.Abs are so hard to get like I want,spcath and col/bag limit movements but I'm in better shape than last year.Look in post your photo thread.
awesome! thanks to BeeCee and Capn Crip and YOU, I've gotten over being embarrassed by some of my physical issues that were holding me back.
Hows the dieting?
Cool,the schedule is on WCBB under upcoming events.
Going good.When are you competing in WCBB?
Ouch nasty, guess your taking some time out, hope its not for too long. I'm still wearing a few extra lbs after a broke my thumb a few months back, so i'm looking kinda bulked up at the mo' Awesome your competing dude, in both racing and the wc bodybuilding contests thats cool! Well today i'm feeling a lil rough, I went out for a few beers lastnight....not a good idea lol.
Hey Brock, yeah everythings cool here thanks, hows things with you?
that sucks. setbacks are a mental friggin test. however, we're used to those already. i'd guess you'd handle it well, but hope tuesday goes ok for ya.
cm, going really well man. thanks! how about yourself?
Read with interest your recent post about the de-evolution of the quality of the travel experience. As a young man I caught the tail-end of the white linen and silver service era. My first flight had real dishes, a choice of entrees, silver, and cloth napkins. Everybody had a pillow, and the visually stunning and perfectly mannered "stewardesses" hovered about to fluff them. Nobody with a ticket ever got bumped, flights left and arrived on time.
Trains took longer, but that meant that you had longer to enjoy the considerably greater amenities.
Many average Americans got a glimpse of how the high rollers lived everyday when their saved pennies purchased that "trip of a lifetime".
Doing well, Brock, .... livin' the dream....
I liked your advice to the mother of the 18 year old.
Yeah sure, no problem. Have a good day mate.
Hey bud. I've been ok. Not great but not bad either. I thought spring was here. It even reached 70 degrees the other day but now I hear it might snow here the next couple of days. How's everything going with you?
Hey thanks man!
Nationals were March 21st in florida.
Yes met him last year at the USA's.
Training for USA's.
Getting better brother!!!
hey cave muscle,
Hows it going. THAT JONKERS? no idea what you are talking about.
Have you been out in the new racing chair yet?
I am thining of taking up wheelchair racing. I want to do a triathlon, so I'd need it fot the run leg. I cn already swim and hndcyle, so just one new skill to learn.
Do you compete on your handcyle?
anyways, nice to meet you
I'm much better.I finish antibiotics saturday.
Want to apologize for my post in your thread about how you've become somewhat liberated and feel better about your injury since a few years ago. We all deal with our injuries in the best way we can, and what works for one doesn't always work for another. I had no right to act demeaning towards your attitude that has made your life more enjoyable, and I'm sorry Brock.
Take care
hey i was in OK for aummer workin on an internship while in college, i hated it.....sorry but it was awful!! )
In march I hope.
Hows it going Brock ?, Thanks for saying hi . I have been away for christmas so sorry I was slow to get back to you. I see you like to stay fit ,I myslef have had a bit of a break from the gym but will be heading back soon ,new years resolutions and all that.
Take it easy.
Happy Birthday!!!1
Hi Brock,
Nice to meet you.I've lifted weights my whole life.Being a wrestler I needed to be in shape.Now a WCBB I'm back in action.
Check these out.
Hi Brock nicce to meet you im kelly and i hope you have a great xmas.
Send an Instant Message to cavemuscle Using...
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text:
John Coltrane. Miles Davis. Er... Ray Ozzie?
How do you make Lotus Notes cool? With jazz greats
When Microsoft needs an epic suck-up job, there's only one man who can do it justice. Deep in a bunker in Seattle, out comes the special red telephone that instantly dials Steven "Collective Intelligence" Levy.
Readers with long memories will recall Levy's epic Palladium suck-up from 2002 in Newsweek. He's at WiReD now, and has turned in a 7,000 word profile on Microsoft's Ray Ozzie.
How do you make the guy famous for Lotus Notes and, er... Lotus Notes interesting? You can't - and Levy ploughs all-time levels of desperation in trying to make Microsoft's cloud operating system appear to be a rebel skunkworks project.
But one quote stands out from the dreck.
Former Groove employees still talk about the time Gates visited and the two leaders got off on a tangent about some arcane technical point. As they bounced improvisations off each other, Ozzie coming up with ideas and Gates rocking back and forth with excitement, it was like watching some propellerhead version of a John Coltrane-Miles Davis performance.
Ah, yes. That will be the Coltrane responsible for Giant Steps and A Love Supreme - and the Miles Davis responsible for Sketches of Spain and A Kind of Blue.
And the Bill Gates responsible for the 64kb limit - and Ray Ozzie.
You remember Ray Ozzie - he's the Lotus Notes guy. ®
[Read our digested version of Ray's vision thing, here. It give you everything you need to know about Microsoft's Cloud OS and it's much, much shorter.]
Sponsored: Detecting cyber attacks as a small to medium business


text:
Several of California's newspapers and media organizations banded together to perform a public service: exhaustive reporting on high-speed rail.
The most interesting of the stories they produced, however, is not about California. It's about Spain.
Spain's high-speed rail system is often cited as a model for California's. But its example also has plenty of cautions for California, according to the story, by Tim Sheehan of the Fresno Bee.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
First, even Spain's popular and successful system does not pay for itself. It requires public subsidy. In California, advocates have claimed just the opposite. We should not believe them.
Second, political support is crucial.
The media report notes that Spain built its system at a time of great political consensus, and helathy budgets.
Given the costs of such systems -- the Spanish numbers run into the tens of billions, the same ballpark as the $100 billion estimate for the first phase of a California system -- deep public support may be even more important than sufficient money.
Right now, California has neither.
Third, and finally, the route matters.
The media reports quotes Spanish officials as being puzzled by the California plan to start building in the Central Valley.
The environmental policy director for the system is quoted as saying: "You need to have either Los Angeles or San Francisco. They should build it where it will have an impact so that people will support it."
Let us know what you think. Comment below, send us your thoughts via Twitter @PropZero or add your comment to our Facebook page.


text:
|Allegro CL version 10.1
Unrevised from 10.0 to 10.1.
10.0 version
Arguments: chart-widget
Returns the value of the warn-on-insufficient-data property of
chart-widget. The value
may be set at creation time by passing
:warn-on-insufficient-data initarg, or any time
later by calling (setf
warn-on-insufficient-data is a
boolean value indicating whether a warning is signaled when a
chart-widget does not have
adequate data for drawing itself. The default value is true.
It appears that this warning is currently signaled only if the range-top of a value-axis is not greater than its range-bottom, or if the major-tic-increment is negative.
chart-widget and also cg-chart-widget.htm.
Copyright (c) 1998-2019, Franz Inc. Oakland, CA., USA. All rights reserved.
This page was not revised from the 10.0 page.
Created 2019.8.20.
|Allegro CL version 10.1
Unrevised from 10.0 to 10.1.
10.0 version


text:
iseedspit by 211me
June 24, 2009 by Rob
Filed under App DB, Entertainment, Games
Simply, blow into the microphone of your iPhone. A watermelon seed will then launch across your screen, bounce, land, and finally record your score on the screen, which can then be posted to your Facebook page directly from your iPhone or iPod Touch. Nothing could be more fun or easy!
iseedspit is $1.99 in the iTunes App Store
Developer Website: http://www.211me.com/iseedspit/


text:
1) Forestry district in Pluchow, in the Złoczów powiat.
2) also known as Góra Obertasowa [Obertasów Mountain], attached to Zazule and the folwark there, powiat Złoczów.
Source: Słownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, p. 323]
This translation, by Donald A. Szumowski, is used by Permission. All rights reserved.
Obielewo, also known as Obielawy, Obylewo, the village is located on the south bank of the Noltec, in the powiat/County of Szubin, in the Archiepiscopal of the Catholic Church at Znin – Gora. Obielewo lies about 7 ½ km to the south of Labiszyna near the road to the Railway Station to Mogilno some 28 km distant. Obielewo is an area of about 483 hectares said to produce clean revenues of 3803 German Marks. There are 6 homes / farmsteads, 98 inhabitants, 63 Catholic, 35 protestant. It was first mentioned in a Papal Bull of July 7, 1136 confirming the dominion of the Archbishop of Gniezno over, a number of settlements including Obielewo. Early tax lists confirm the existence of 27 privately owned homesteads in the vicinity the shore of the Noltec, in the present day along the shores are also wetlands and bogs (Kod. Wielkop., 7). In the 16th century there came into existence here a "Folwark" or large manorial farmstead. The Parish Priest ? Rector of the Church at Znin Gora levied a tithe on the peasants and estate fields. (Laski, Lib. Ben. I, 151) According to old lists in the year 1577 Obielewo comprised about 2 ½ Slad ( about 400 morgs) and in 1579 1 ½ Slad (bout 200 morgs), 5 zagrod or small farmsteads with buildings, gardens and courtyards. (Pawinski, Wiekop. I, 184). In the year 1846 the Manor Obielewa was the property of Sylwester Slawski, currently of Niemiec. E. Cal.
Source: Słownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, p.327]
This translation, by Jim Piechorowski, is used by permission.
Oborniki, in German Obornik, is a county seat in the Grand Duchy of Poznań. It is located about 30 km. north of Poznań, at latitude 52 degrees 39 minutes north, longitude 34 degrees 28 minutes east [measured from Ferro], on the elevated right bank of the Warta river, near the mouth of the Wełna river. It has a station of the Poznań-Piła railway, a telegraph station, and a post office with posts arriving daily. The town is the administrative center of a deanery, and has an Evangelical superintendent, a landed proprietors' counselor , and a district commissioner. Also in Oborniki are a royal county treasury, a savings bank, a master-builder's office, a customs office, a Polish loan society, and Polish and German agronomical societies. The inhabitants are employed in farming, milling, distilling alcohol, the lumber trade, and manufacturing starch, bricks, and drainage pipes. About 60,000 quintals of flour, 9,000 hectoliters of aqua vitae [a kind of liquor], and 50,000 quintals of starch are produced here each year. The lumber trade produces annual sales of about a million marks. The town maintains a wooden bridge on the Warta; a second bridge was built by the directors of the railway.
There are two Catholic churches here, one Evangelical church, and one Old Lutheran church, as well as a synagogue. At one time there were six Catholic churches. The parish church, rebuilt after a fire in 1815, has lost its original shape completely; it is said to have contained the tombstones of the Zebrzydowskis and a baptismal font from the 13th or 14th century. In the 17th century there was also a Rosary Guild. The church of the Holy Spirit, founded and endowed in 1356 by Maciej, the sołtys of Oborniki, was moved to nearby Bogdanowo in 1747. The church of St. Barbara, founded in 1599 and renovated in 1778 through the efforts of Łucja Łojczykowska, a townswoman of Oborniki, was in the nearby village of Rożnowo. The church of the Holy Cross, on the right bank of the Wełna, existed before 1604; in 1788 a new church was built, on the site of the old one, also by Ł. Łojczykowska, and in 1749 the Brotherhood of the Heart of Jesus was established there. The church of the Holy Trinity was founded by the city before 1600 and was renovated in 1781 through the efforts of the abovementioned Łojczykowska. A church and monastery of the Franciscan Fathers, built in 1768 of fired brick, was handed over in recent times to the Lutheran congregation. 141 hectares of land belongs to the pastor of the Oborniki parish, with a net income of 657 marks from the land. The town itself possesses 96 hectares with a net income of 381 marks.
The population has grown here as follows: in 1795 there were 750 inhabitants; 940 in 1811; 1,003 in 1816; 1,499 in 1837; 1,530 in 1841; 1,685 in 1843; 1,796 in 1858; 2,007 in 1861; 2,174 in 1871; 2,397 in 1878; and 2,812 in 1883. At the end of the 18th century there were: 14 carpenters, 13 bakers, 6 coopers, 6 wheelwrights, 5 dry goods merchants, 4 clothiers, 4 furriers, 3 potters and 2 each of capmakers, makers of shoe lasts, blacksmiths, gunsmiths, carpenters, butchers, lathe-turners, masons, metal workers, glaziers, as well as 5 musicians, 3 barbers, and 3 merchants. At the end of the 15th century Piotr Wedelicki was born here; he was a doctor of medicine, Kraków councilor, and a translator of Latin. He translated three treatises of Hippocrates, published 1532–1535 by Wietor in Kraków. The widespread tale of the founding in 1292 of a Franciscan monastery in this Oborniki seems to be very dubious. When Andrzej, the bishop of Poznań, was dividing his diocese into archdeaneries in 1298, he said nothing about Oborniki in the relevant document. But there is a high probability that a church already existed there next to the citadel and castle. The next year, on March 27th, when Władysław Łokietek was staying in Oborniki, he signed a grant to Jan, the son of Dzierżysław, in the presence of Kiełcz, the castellan of Gniezno; Ubisław, the cupbearer of Kalisz; Włost, the castellan of Drzeń [or Drzeńsk?]; and other dignitaries. Also in 1303 a parish priest of Oborniki is mentioned.
During the reign of the Silesian Piasts, in 1312, Oborni became a county seat. In Great Poland charters we find under 1339 a wójt and three Oborniki council members. In 1456 Maciej, the sołtys of Oborniki, provided an endowment for Holy Spirit church in Oborniki, which he had founded. In 1365 King Kazimierz confirmed charters he had given to the monastery of Łekno. In 1370 Przecław, general of Great Poland and voivode of Kalisz, sold to Idzi, the sołtys of Nowa Wieś, two royally-owned mills on the river Wełna near Oborniki. In 1383, during domestic insurrections, Domarat, the castellan of Poznań, occupied the town and encamped there with his army from February 17th to March 8th, ravaging the vicinity of Poznań, Buk and Wronki. The wójt of Oborniki at the time was Janusz, related to Bodzęta of Brześć and the Skoras of Gaj, who was attacked and killed in 1384 by Świdra, castellan of Nakło, near Przecław. In 1394 in Oborniki King Władysław issued a charter exempting several commanders' properties from all taxes. The same king, during his journey through Great Poland in 1409, stopped in Oborniki and received delegates from Ulrich von Jungingen, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. It was here in 1414 that he bequeathed Marcin of Sławsk 20 grzywnas for Ceków. In 1416 he wrote from here to the Teutonic Knights' commander of Człuchów to demand an explanation for why he and several horsemen had approached the gates of the castle of Drahim [Drawsko] during a cease-fire. It was also here in 1424 that he announced the contents of a bull of indulgence dated December 1st of the preceding year.
In 1458 Oborniki provided 15 foot soldiers, i. e., as many as Międzyrzecz, Gostyń, Koło and Konin. In 1480 Katarzyna of Oborniki (Obornicka) of the coat of arms Abdank, the daughter of Mikołaj Skora of Gaj, the castellan of Kalisz, was the abbess of the convent in Owińska. These Skoras signed their name as Obornicki, from the city and starosta's property of Oborniki, of which they were tenants. The town had a charter based on German law. Unfortunately the charter was destroyed during a fire, but it was renewed on 15 March 1485 by King Kazimierz IV, on the basis of a copy of the original document that had been preserved. From that point on the prefects' abuse of their power subsided, and the city started to grow and develop. On the hill near the mouth of the Wełna river stood the starosta's castle, which was destroyed during the First Swedish War. Later starostas built a wooden house there, which still existed still as of the end of the last century.
In a document from 1488 we encounter Szymon of Oborniki, the pastor of Kościelec. In 1512, through the intercession of Jerzy Obornicki-Skora of Gaj, Zygmunt I confirmed two documents of the Teutonic Order dated 1363 and 1393 concerning the village of Zielona in the district of Zawkrze. As of 1599 the church of Saint Barbara stood in Oborniki. In 1580 the town paid 84 złotys and 27 groszy 50 of the tax called szos, and and 569 złotys, 10 groszy, 6 denariuses of liquor tax. In 1656 the Swedes demolished Oborniki. During the Seven Years War (1756 – 1763) the Russian Army entrenched itself there. In 1767, with the permission of the Sejm of 1773–1775, Kacper Rogaliński, the starosta of Nakło, exchanged his hereditary estates of Kadzew, Marszew, Bodzieniów, and Maksymilianów for the lease of the Oborniki starosta's office and the office of the wójt. The Sejm of 1773–1775 confirmed this exchange. In 1771 the Oborniki starosta's office paid a kwarta of 2,393 złotys, 15 groszy, and a hyberna of 337 złotys and 21 groszy. A commission appointed by the Sejm of 1773–1775 was to settle border disputes between the abovementioned starosta and lords of Niemieczkowo.
Before 1793 Oborniki belonged to the county and province of Poznań. During the period of Southern Prussia's existence, the Oborniki tenancy was held by General Węgorzewski. During the Poznań rebellions in 1848 Germans from Oborniki joined the "Netzebrüder" organization [the "Brothers of the Netze"], which opposed these movements. When the line of demarcation between Polish and German parts of the Grand Duchy of Poznań was established, Oborniki was incorporated into the German Empire. The city seal shows the Polish eagle beneath a baldachin canopy spread across two columns.
The vicinity of Oborniki includes many prehistoric burial grounds. Circa 1843 a pagan burial ground was excavated near the city, in which several hundred urns were found standing alongside each other. The complete story of this find is given in the Leszno paper Przyjaciel Ludu from that year, in volume 10, page 114. Among the items excavated was an portraying a human face and covered with a pointed lid. In more recent times, in addition to numerous urns, various pots, stone hammers, and the like have been dug up. Some of them are in the collection of the Poznań Society of the Friends of Science (PTPN). Opposite to the city, on the left bank of the Warta, there are old embankments. Near the town there are said to be salt springs and hills with minerals (see Raczyński's Wspomnienia Wielkopolskie, I, 158, and Rzączyński's Historia naturalis curiosa). Recently near the railroad station a mammoth's tooth and vertebrae were dug up.
The gmina of Oborniki consists of the town (174 houses, 2,174 inhabitants), and Huby Bąblińskie [now Bąbliniec]: Ludwigsthal (3 houses, 12 inhabitants), Paulusau (1 house, 6 inhabitants), Martinsau (1 house, 16 inhabitants), Toepferost (1 house, 9 inhabitants), as well as Rudki Małe and Rudki Wielkie (4 houses, 66 inhabitants). As of 1871 the total was 184 houses, 2,283 inhabitants, 1,143 of them Catholics, 836 Protestants, and 304 Jews. In 1845 there were 135 houses and 1,526 inhabitants: 714 Catholics, 486 Protestants, 326 Jews.
In 1589 the parish of Oborniki consisted of the following properties: Bogdanowo, Dąbrówka, Gołaszyn, Gołębowo, Kowanówko, Kowanowo, Nowy Folwark, Nowy Młyn, Słoniawy, Stara Wieś, Uścikowo, and Młyn Wojtowski.
The deanery of Oborniki includes the parishes of Boruszyn, Cerekwica, Chojnica, Kaźmierz, Kiekrz, Kiszewo, Ludomy, Łukowo, Obiezierze [now Objezierze], Oborniki, Obrzycko, Połajewo, Rożnowo, Ryczywół, Słopanowo, Sobota, Stobnica, Szamotuły, Wyszyny, and Żydowo. Previously the following parishes also belonged to this deanery: Chludowo, Ojcieszyn, and Radzim.
The Oborniki powiat [county] has an area of 1,095 square km.; it lies between latitudes 52 degrees 30 minutes and 52 degrees 54 minutes north, and longitudes 34 degrees 11minutes and 34 degrees 52 minutes east [again, these are measured from Ferro]. To the north it borders on the counties of Czarnków and Chodzież, to the east Wągrowiec and Gniezno counties, to the south Środa and Poznań counties, and to the west Szamotuły and Czarnków. The surface of Oborniki county is a plain with hills scattered along it here and there. In terms of its physical composition we can divide it into four significantly different parts: 1) an unwooded riverside, 2) a wooded, marshy region, 3) a upland with little water, and 4) forests, fields, meadows and waters.
The first part covers the southern section of the county, along the left bank of the Warta. There are only remnants left of the old forests here, as for instance near Radzim, Gołaszyn, Niemieczkowo, Sycyn, as well as smaller fragments such as near Ocieszyn and Popowo; but they do not give this part only prominent character. The meadows, on the other hand, are found next to almost every settlement; they cover the valley of the river Samica Kiekrska (which flows out of lake Pamiątkowo) and of the stream that arises near Popowo and flows into the Samica Szamotulska; lake Sycyn also flows into the latter Samica. Flowing into the Warta, besides the Samica Kiekrska, are the streams Jaryszewski and Gołaszyński. The Samica Kiekrska flows in two beds from Imbierowo to what was once lake Objezierze; with its eastern bed it forms a pond above Zielątkowo and a small lake between Wargowo and Kowalewko. The streams Jaryszewski and Gołaszyński, as well as the Samica Kiekrska with its outflowing lake Pamiątkowo, flow to the north, while the stream Popowska flows south, and the outflow of lake Sycyn flows west.
This part of the county has two paved roads: one from Oborniki to Szamotuły through Uścikowo, Chrustowo, Urbanie, and Popówko, 12 km. long; and one from Oborniki to Poznań through Bogdanowo and Ocieszyn, 8 km. long. The Poznań-Piła railway, with a stop in Wargowo, crosses this road in Ocieszyn. The Poznań-Szczecin railway crosses the county's border near Przecław and Baborowo.
The second distinct part of the county is formed by an area between the rivers Wełna and Warta, the border of Czarnków county, Tarnówko, Boruszyn, Ludomy, and Ruda Pogozińska. There are forests here at Stobnica, Podlesie, Bąblin, Oborniki, Dąbrowka. Oborniki, Bąblin, Kiszewo, Kiszewko, and Stobnica, with their settlements, push from the north to those forests, among which are various forest districts as well as the settlements of Podlesie, Ludomskie Holendry, Bagna, Nowa Myśl, Nowe Holendry, Dąbrówka Leśna, and Rudki. In the northern part of these forests are large "Bagna" [Swamps] surrounded by marshy meadows called "Wielka Płonka." On their northern edge there are marshes named "Kończak" that stretch northeast almost 8 kilometers to Połajewo and Sierakówko. The settlement Bagna lies among the meadows; Nowa Myśl is surrounded on three sides by meadows; the Golnica flows along meadows from the mill Smolarz to its outlet into the Wełna, which also flows along the meadows near Oborniki. There are also meadows near Bąblin, Kiszewo, Kiszewko and Stobnica.
From the north, between the forests of Stobnica and Podlesie, flows the stream Boguszyński. Fortified by small streams, it flows into the Warta at Stobnica. A small stream flows from Nowa Myśl to the Warta in Kiszewko. Another, parallel to the Warta, flows into it between Kiszewo and Kiszewko. The river Wełna changes its course to the south at Ruda Rogozińska, collecting the waters of the Golnica, which flows into it from the north. South of Płonka, which surrounds the large swamps called Bagna, there are hills called Orle and Krzywe Góry.
From the northern edge of these woods, which formerly joined with those of Krucz, Czarnków, and Wyszynki, the forested region of this part of the county ends, and a flat, plateau with few trees and little water begins. Meadows of some size are found here at Ninino, Sierakówko, Połajewo, and Tłukawy. From the borders of Czarnków county to the Golnica there is not a single river or lake; the streams and creeks that wind here and there in this area flow without any clear outlet or direction. The eastern stretch of this part of the county is encircled by the Golnica and Wełna rivers. The Golnica flows out of Lake Gębice in Chodzież county; it flows southward and picks up small streams until it empties into the Wełna. On the banks of the Golnica is the small town of Ryczywół, and on the Wełna is Rogoźno. Above Rogoźno the Rudka, which flows out of Wągrowiec county, flows into the Wełna. The more sizable hills in this area are those called Długa, Grabowska and Lisia Góra ["fox mountain"]. The road from Oborniki to Czarnków crosses this part of the county for a distance of 24 km. as the crow flies, and joins with the road from Rogoźno to Czarnków near Przybychowo. In Ruda Rogozińska the road from Oborniki to Chodzież crosses the road from Rogoźno to Czarnków. The railway from Poznań to Piła, with a station in Rogoźno, cuts through this stretch and separates it from the fourth part of the county, which nature has more generously endowed with forests and waters full of fish.
The forests here, which have been somewhat thinned out, stretch from the south to the northwest. On the Warta, by Starczanowo, an ancient forest still stands, and a substantial stretch of forest winds along the eastern border of the county, from Gać to near Rogoźno. There are a series of lakes there, Rogoźno, Budziszewo, Maciejak, and Włókno, fortified by the Wełnianka, which flows out of Wągrowiec county, and various outflows of lakes from that same county. These lakes stretch along the border for a distance of 20 km. from Gać to to near Rogoźno. A second line of lakes and ponds, without any clear outflow, winds for a distance of over 12 km. from Huta Pusta to near Łoskoń. A third line, stretching for a distance of about 15 km., creates the Goślinka, a tributary of the Warta, which collects the waters of various streams, and a tributary of lake Bolechowskie from Poznań county, from Czarne Holendry to its mouth. In addition there are still other lakes, such as those near Boguniewo, Nienawiść, Łoskoń, Brzeźno, Wojnowo, Pławno and Nieszawa. The stream Nieszawa is a tributary of the Wełna and flows for 10 km. A stream from near Dobromil and one from near Szymankowo flow into the Warta. The Warta forms the border between Oborniki and Poznań counties for a length of about 4 km., from Holendry Złotograbskie to near Radim; from Radzim, where it creates an island about 1 km. in length, it flows across the county to Holendry Słoniawskie, where it enters Szamotuły county. Its tributaries are named above.
The climate of the various parts of the county change in relation to the conditions of their location in gradations that have not been researched yet. The road from Rogoźno to Poznań via Studzienice, Łoskoń, Długa Goślina, Brody, Trojanowo, Przebędowo and Murowana Goślina is about 24 km long and divides this part of the county intwo two roughly even halves. The road from Rogoźno to Wągrowiec leaves the county 2 km. The road from Trojanowo to Skoki runs about 13.4 km. within the county, also a road from Przebędowo to Oborniki runs 17.8 km. Mines produce iron; amber, mined at one time near Rogoźno; salt deposits and springs near Słoniawy, Oborniki, Bogdanowo and Objezierze; coal is dug from the earth in Bąblin, and peat in Ludomy. As of 1837 there were in this county 124,503 head of livestock, namely, 2,273 horses, 15,927 cattle, 95,513 sheep, 89 goats and 7,701 pigs. Besides the Polish breeds, there are Dutch, Swedish, Oldenburg, Breitenbar, Frisian, Shorthorn and Wilstermarsh cattle; Southdown, Cotswold, Rambouillet and Negretti sheep; and Yorkshire pigs. In Nieszawa there is a farms for foals, and there is a stable in Połajewo. Beekeeping is being abandoned more and more. In the forests there are oaks, pines, beeches, alders, and birches.
Agriculture is the main occupation of the populace. Landed estates consist of knights' estates and peasant properties ranging in size from fairly large to fairly small. The village owned by a knight usually forms a single unit with its farms and manorial farmstead, but administratively is divided into an estate district and gmina district. Holendry [settlements typically populated by German or Dutch colonists] located some distance from knight-owned villages form separate gminas. Manors with peasants, and isolated manorial farmsteads, as well as individual settlements, are attached to one of those districts. In 1883 peasant-owned properties included 1,763 farms with fewer than 8 hectares, 1,274 with between 8 and 80 hectares, and 52 with between 80 and 160 hectares. Independent manorial farmsteads are often created from the latter, on an equal footing with knights' estates.
The knights' estates of Oborniki county are coming under German ownership. The government seized the estates of the churches and starostas. In this county the following Polish lords have maintained their ownership so far: Błociszewski, Cielski, Dobrzycki, Grabowski, Lossow, Polewska, Prądzyński, Raczyński, Siewicz, Skrzydlewski, Tomaszkiewicz, Turno, Wierzbiński, Wolski, Zabłocki and Żółtowski. Until quite recently the Bnińskis, Koszuckis, Kuczborskis, Łakomickis, Mielęckis, Rostworowskis, Skarbkas, Świnarskis and others were also among their number. In the 1880s, of the larger properties, some 32%, or 22,300 hectares, were in Polish hands. We can divide the lands of this county as follows: 57.7% of farmland with income of 10.5 marks, 0.3% of gardens and orchards with income of 20.7 marks, 8.1% of meadows with income of 17.7 marks, 5.2 % of pastureland with an income of 6.0 marks, and 24.5% of forests with an income of 2.7 marks. So net income from land averages 8.7 marks per hectare. Of the total land, large estates occupy 71,995.39 hectares; smaller peasant-owned properties, roads and so forth occupy 37,490.61 hectares. The large estates consist of 34,884.97 hectares of farmland, including orchards and gardens; 5,319.79 of meadows; 2,541.86 of pastureland; 26,862.60 of forests; 1,514.14 of unused land; and 872.03 of water.
Trade and industry are concentrated mostly in the cities. A few years ago there were in this county 29 mills, 23 brickyards, 19 distilleries, 3 breweries, 3 paper mills, 1 sawmill, a starch factory in Orłowo, and scattered windmills, as well as the following mills: on the Wełna, Nowy Młyn Rudzki, Jaracz, Rożnowo and Słoniawy; on the Wełnianka, Borowiec and Owcze Główy; on the Golnica, Smolarz; on the Goślinka, Piłka; on the Samica, Ruksz; Tuczno at Długa Goślina, Kowalewko, Trojanowo, Mściszewo, and others; there were paper mills at Murowana Goślina and Stobnica.
The county's population was 30,170 in 1819; 38,155 in1837; 48,093 in 1871; 47,269 in 1875; and 50,182 in 1883. Of the latter, 30,828 were Catholics, 17,016 Protestants, and 2,323 Jews; there were 45 inhabitants per square kilometer. The Catholics are Poles, and the Protestants and Jews are German. The county is divided into 4 urban gminas, 117 rural ones, 68 estate districts, 14 civil registry districts, 5 police districts, 2 deaneries, 16 Catholic parishes, 4 Protestant congregations, and 3 synagogues; the total number of settlements is 316. There is a privately-owned mental hospital in Kowanowko.
The history of Oborniki county stretches back into the distant past. If we accept that lake dwellings are the most ancient traces of settlement, then we can say that it began here along the left bank of the Warta, close to Objezierze. During the lowering of the lake a waterside settlement was discovered, as well as a semicircular embankment with traces of burnt offerings, nearby pagan burial grounds and excavated objects, such as urns, lachrymatories and similar earthen vessels, as well as flint tools and other such items. They speak meaningfully of prehistoric population of this vicinity. Objects of this sort were also uncovered in neighboring Ocieszyn, and near Gołębowo, Maniewo, Radzim, Lulin, Popówko, Chrustowo and Uścikowo. On the right bank of the Warta similar objects were dug up in Rudki, Kiszewo, Nowa Myśl, and in swampy meadows amid the woods at: Boruszyn, near Długi Bór; near Połajewo, in the Połajewo hills and on Lisia Góra; in Ryczywół, Gorzewo, Rogoźno, Dąbrowa Ludomska, Boguniewo, Słomowo, Budziszewo, Potrzanowo, Rożnowo, Łukowo, Kąty, Przebędowo, Mściszewo, Murowana Goślina, and Szymankowo. Perhaps in time further archaeological research will tell us the order in which the settlement of these areas took place.
In this county we find individual graves and mass burial grounds. The individual graves are usually box-like, surrounded by stones. Burial grounds have been excavated near Objezierze, Maniowo, and Kiszewo; box-like graves were found at Lisia Góra near Połajewo, and in Owieczki, Mściszewo, Przebędowo, Boruszyn and Ocieszyn. A burial ground was discovered in Popówko was discovered that contains graves with rays of stones emanating from a single center; but no urns have been found there yet. Hive-shaped graves were excavated near Przebędowo, as well as ordinary graves at Łukowo, Szymankowo, and on the hills of Połajewo, and an isolated grave was found in Połajewo. Usually found in these gravesites are earthen urns with fragments of burned bones and various other small objects, which have sometimes been preserved in their original forms, such as buckles, necklaces, rings, and so forth, as well as various kinds of earthenware that have been fired to a greater or lesser extent. Single urns have been found near Boruszyn, Ryczywół, Golębowo, Lulin, and in Chrustowo, where one of the urns contained a piece of melted gold. A whole layer of uns was extracted in Kąty from near Długa Goślina; urns surrounded with stones were found in Potrzanowo; and urns with lids were found in Przebędowo, Mściszewo, and on Lisia Góra near Połajewo. Urns found near Oborniki depicted a human face. Of the vessels found alongside these urns, particularly noteworthy are the black pots from near Lulin and Przebędowo. Various stone objects were excavated in Nowa Myśl; also found were: a hammer near Oborniki; a hatchet and flint battle axe in Lulin; flint wedges, a knife and a black battle axe near Objezierze; tools made of bone in Gołębowo; an iron buckle coated with silver in Uścikowo; bronze objects in Boruszyn; a bronze ring in an urn and an arrow for pinning back hair near Przebędowo; a similar necklace in Lulin; a sword near Rudki; and a buckle in Budziszewo and Boruszyn. As mentioned above, a piece of melted gold was found in one of the urns discovered near Chrustowo. We encounter so-called "Swedish" embankments and trenches opposite Oborniki near Boguniewo, Słomowo and Dąbrówka Ludomska. High citadels, embankments, and deep ditches are found on the island formed by the Warta near Radzim.
Oborniki county has shared the fate of the province of Poznań; the area it occupies today was part of that province. We first find mention of it in writing in 1158, when the citizen Zbilut founded a monastery in Łekno for German monks, and komes [count] Przedwój bestowed upon the monastery his hereditary property, the village of Łoskoń. Circa 1170 prince Mieczysław and Radwan, the bishop of Poznań, brought to Poznań a different set of German monks called the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem and granted them large estates, among which a document from 1218 mentions Objezierze and Wargowo. In 1230 the monks are said to have founded the church in Radzim. Before the year 1235 the church in Gniezno owned the village Włókna, which prince Władysław took away, but which Odonicz returned to it. By 1256 a gród and castellany already stood in Radzim; the next year Bolesław, the son of Odonicz, gave to Janek, the son of Wojciech, sizable estates, among which Kowanowo is included. In 1278 the komes Dzierzykraj has his seat at Sycyn; in 1280, Przemysław II granted to Rogoźno a town charter based on German law, with Ruda, Cieśle and Międzylesia as properties. A document from 1284 names Krężoły among the properties owned by Tomisław of Szamotuły; that same year Przemyślaw II gave Lulin and Nieczajno to Żegota, the voivode of Kraków. In 1296 the Brandenburg margraves attacked and killed Przemysław in Rogoźno; that same year prince Władysław gave Olszyna and Gościejewo to Mikołaj, the voivode of Pomerania. In 1308 the Poznań chapter exchanged Popowo for Gradowice, the inheritance of Dobrogost of Szamotuły. Circa 1326 an ironworks existed at Rogoźno; in 1336 Jan, bishop of Poznań, established a parish in Gać, incorporating into it Wojnowo, Łopuchowo, Brzeźno, and Łoskoń [according to Nazwy miejscowe Polski, Vol. III, ed. Kazimierz Rymut, Kraków 1999, ISBN 83-87795-45-3, Gać is now a part of the village of Łopuchowo]. In 1348 a church stood in Dąbrówka Kościelna. In 1356 Maciej, the sołtys of Oborniki, granted to Holy Spirit church in Oborniki, which he founded, various incomes from his estates at Słomowo, Bogdanowo, Uścikowo, Nowa Wieś, Kowanowo, and Kowanówko.
In 1372 the Ostens, lords of Drzeń near Rogoźno, had a farmstead near Rogoźno, where on 25 July they confirmed the sołtys's property in Tłukawy. In 1383 a civil war was raging in Great Poland; sorties were conducted from Oborniki, which had been taken by the supporters of Domarat, the castellan of Poznań, and these raids devastated the area. That year a truce was called near Starczanowo on the 8th of March; during the negotiations, troops of supporters stood at Sarczanowo and at Radzim, opposite it. In 1384 Sędziwój Świdwa assaulted guests gathered in Przecław and killed Janusz, the wójt of Oborniki. The church in Parkowo was standing by 1448. By 1458 the town of Ryczywół was in existence. Between the years 1526–1530 a starostwo was created in Rogoźno, but the starostwo in Oborniki had existed earlier. We can associate the winches and bullet holes in the walls of the church in Rogoźno more or less with these times.
Before 1580 the following existed: Ciążyn, Przybychówko, Przybychowo, Skrzetusy, Tarnowo, Młynkowo, Krosin, Krosinko, Połajewo, Sierakówko, Górzewo, Tarnówko, Boruszyn, Owieczki, (Piącibudy, which has since vanished), Ludomy, Drzonek, Boruchowo, (Huta near Rogoźno, which has since vanished), Dąbrówka Ludomska, Grudna, Żołędzin, Garbatka, (Jordanowice, which has since vanished, maybe Wiardunki?), Owcze Głowy, Stobnica, Kiszewko, Kiszewo, Boguniewo, Nienawiść, (Zalesie, which has vanished), Gorzuchowo, Bodziszewo, Bąblin, Dąbrówka Leśna, Szczytno, Potrzanowo, Brączewo, Jaryszewo, Pacholowo, Nieszawa, (Nowy and Wójtowski młyn, which may have changed their names), Osowo, (Stara Wieś, which has since vanished), Łukowo, Żerniki, Uchorowo, Długa Goślina, Popówko, Gołaszyn, Szymankowo, Białęzyn, Żukowo, Gołębowo, Brody, Ślepuchowo, Mściszewo, Górka, Kowalewko, Goślinka, Przebędowo, (Wiesiołowo, which has since vanished), Baborowo, Lulinko, Zielątkowo, Tworkowo and Rakownia.
Before 1773 the following existed: Świerkówki, Sepno, Pławno, and Boduszewo; undoubtedly there were others, but we have no precise information about them. Settlements with German names developed in recent times; some properties were given German names, or the spelling of their Polish names was Germanized. Besides the towns of Oborniki, Ryczywół, Murowana Goślina, and Rogoźno, there were two others within the borders of Oborniki county, Stobnica and Parkowo, that are villages today. The Reformation did not have many followers in this county; of the parish churches, those in Ocieszyn, Parkowo, and Murowana Goślina were in the hands of the dissenters for a while. In 1635 a Protestant church was built in Bukówiec; in other places there were only houses of paryer, on which we have insufficient details. In the years 1655 and 1656 the Swedish army passed through the county. Before 1793 the whole county was part of the county and province of Poznań. The county of Oborniki established during the time of Southern Prussia occupied a certain part of Szamotuły county; it came into existence in its current borders in 1815. Before 1793 there were no owners of significant estates of German ethnicity. [E{dmund} Cal{lier}]
Source: Słownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego, Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, pp. 336-341]
This translation, by Izabela M. Szuman, edited by William F. Hoffman,and submitted by Mike Konczak, is used by permission.
A Folwark (Large Manorial Farmstead) near Sobiejuchy , a village in the Szubin powiat, about 7 ½ km distant from Znin. It contained 3 homes and 43 inhabitants; an area of approximately 255 hectares, generated annual revenues of 3818 German marks. It belongs to the family of Jaroslaw Jaraczewski, the heir to Sobiejuchy. Post Office at Retkowo and a Railroad station at Nakle about 30 km away.
Source: Slownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, p.349]
Ocieka, with Wola Ocieska and Zadzikierz, a village on the stream Ocieka or Ociecki, in Ropczyce powiat, lies in a sandy lowland (206 meters). To the north it is surrounded by a large pine forest, the northern part of which is called Spalony las "burned forest"], the southern Sokolny las ["falcon forest"]; to the east is the forest of the village of Kamionka, and to the south part of the forests of the village of Ostrów, Duzy [large] las, Saszczynski and Sarni [deer's] las. In the middle of the village, near the church, runs the Kolbuszowa-Ropczyce highway, from which a branch runs west, and in Dabie (8 km. away) on the Wislok [sic] it joins the highway from Rzochów to Debica. The outlying settlement of Zadzikierz lies to the northeast (3 km.), near the forest on the northeast flank of a hill (245 meters) [on modern maps this appears to be the place now called Sadykierz]. Wola Ocieska [today called Wola Ociecka], which has a beautiful manor, is northwest of Ocieka, on the road to Dabie, on the northwest flank of the wooded Lysa górka (211 meters). Between Ocieka and Zadzikierz there are four small ponds, and on the stream a mill and a windmill.
With these outlying settlements the village has 1,465 Roman Catholic inhabitants, of whom 127 live on the grounds of the major estate, owned by Count Wladyslaw Romer. The major estate has 756 mórgs of farmland, 52 of meadows and gardens, 89 of pastures, and 1,678 of forests; the minor estate has 1,948 mórgs of farmland, 388 of meadows, 479 of pastures, and 343 of forests. The pastures are mostly sandy waste-land. The parish church is old and made of wood, of unknown endowment, and it has sacrament registers only from 1785. The parish includes Blizna, with 233 inhabitants; there are 37 Jews in the parish. There is a people's school here, and a fund for the poor, which has 500 zl. in Austrian currency. Siarczynski (in a manuscript in the Ossolineum library, n. 1826), says that this village belonged to Rzemien and that Anna née Ocieska Mielecka named it, but adds that it is probably the ancestral seat of the Ocieskis, who also owned Rzemien. The villages nearest Ocieka are, to the east, Zdzary and Kamionka, to the south Ostrów, to the west Krownice and Dabie, to the north Blizna. - Mac.
Source: Słownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, pg. 370]
This translation, by William F. Hoffman, first appeared in the Winter 1999 issue of "Bulletin of the Polish Genealogical Society of America".
Village also called Oczwioka, in Mogilno County, 4Km south of Gasawa, with 27 houses and 263 inhabitants: 246 Catholics, 10 Protestants and 7 Jews. The parish church and post office are in Gasawa. The railroad station is in Mogilno 17Km away. In 1833, there were 15 houses and 126 inhabitants, all Roman Catholic. The Oćwieka administration and hamlet consisted of 116 hectares of land in 1877. Th v. Wilkens was proprietor of Marcinkowo Dolne and Stanislaw Jasinski owned two farms of 91 hectares. In 1145, Oćwieka was granted to the Trzemeszno Abbey and belonged to that convent until our times. The chronicle Dyplomat Wielkopolski includes these names of the heads of the village: Jan in 1357 and Mieczyslaw in 1373.
Source: Slownik Geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, p. 372]
This translation, by Alice Nelsen, is used by permission.
1). Nowa [new], village, and Stara [old], village, Warszawa powiat, Góra gmina, Chotomów parish. It lies on the Nadwislanski railway line, 6 wiorsts beyond Jablonna toward Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki. It has a public elementary school. O. Nowa has 158 inhabitants, 440 morgas; O. Stara 390 inhabitants, 1,110 morgas of peasant land. In 1827 there were 44 households, 270 inhabitants there.
Source: Slownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, p. 508]
This translation, by William F. Hoffman, first appeared in the Winter 1995-96 issue of "Bulletin of the Polish Genealogical Society of America".
also known as Osigiry, a village in Oszmiana province, the property of Ossigiry. [Ed.: this is a partial translation of the entry]
Source: Slownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, p. 635]
This translation, by Mike Gansecki, is used by permission.
Osławica, mountain village on the Hungarian border, district Sanok, over the upper part of Osławica river, tributary of Oslawa, by the railroad Przemysl-Lupkow between station Komanca and Lupkow. Elevation 557m. It is squeezed between peaks of Radoszyce 738m, Baranie 744m and Obszar 708m of Beskidy Mountains from the west; from the east by the watershed of Osławica and Oslawa, with the peaks of Jasieniowa and Dolhi Werch 607m. Conifers cover these mountains. The soil is rocky, good for oat. Osławica has a wooden Orthodox Church, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Parish in Radoszyce and according to a census from 1880 694 inhabitants. Annual report of Przemysl Diocese lists 611 Greek Orthodox and 20 Jews. There is a public school here with one classroom. Minor Estate has 1315 ploughlands, 220 meadows, 312 pastures and 541 morgs (302.96 ha) of forest.
Source: Slownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, pg. 643]
This translation, by Wojciech Gutowski, is used by permission.
Osłonin, village, district Babimos over Przemeckie Lake, 12 km south-east from Keblowa, parish and post office in Kaszczorze (Altkloster), railroad station in Stare Bojanowo 26 km away, 29 houses and 213 inhabitants (2 Protestants). In 1210 Prince of Kalisz, Wladyslaw grants Osłonin and other properties to Wimar, abbey of Porton to found Monastery in the land of Przemysl. Osłonin was taken by Paradyski Monastery in 1278. There is Ocmik, Osłonin village administrator mentioned in the document from 1379.
Osłonki, village and farmstead, district Nieszawa, commune of Osieciny, with the parish church, 28 km from Nieszwa, with 120 inhabitants. There were 10 houses and 85 inhabitants there in 1827. Osłonki and Pniewy belonged to Wloclawek Chapter. At this time the farmstead and the village Osłonki with the nomenclature Pniewy, farmstead property 546 mórgs (305.76 ha), farmland 523 mórgs (292.88 ha), meadows 12 mórgs (6.72 ha), pastures 5 mórgs (2.8 ha), wasteland 6 mórgs (3.36 ha), masonry buildings 5, wooden buildings 6. Village of Osłonki, 13 individuals with 15 mórgs (8.4 ha) of land.
Osłowa Dąbrowa, German Oslawdamerow, German documents from 1437 Woyszlaff Damerow, village, district Bytow, post office Poloczno, Roman Catholic parish, Ugoszcz. It belonged to Bytow group of villages. As per rent-roll documents from 1437 they paid 3 buckets of honey (III pockoff; ob. Cramer: Gesch. D. L. Lauenb und Buetow, II, page 303). From Rybinski's visit from 1780 we know that one half of the village belonged to the king and the other half belonged to the noblemen. The owners were: Jan Sarnowski, Ad. Baron Palubicki, Mateusz Klopotk, Pawel Klopotk and Pawel Cyrzan. There were 53 inhabitants, Catholics in the king's part; 65 inhabitants, Catholics in noblemen's part.
Osłowo, German Oslowo, documented as Osslaw, Oslaw, village, Swieck district, post office, telephone and train station Laskowice, roman catholic parish Jezewo, protestant parish Swiecie, protestant school in the village. The area of the village is 830.30 morgs (464.98 ha). There were 47 structures, 24 houses, 2 Catholics, 170 protestants. Oslowo is located by the Bydgoszcz-Tczew railroad. Sandy soil. During Teutonic times the village performed mounted services (see Wegner: Ein Pom. Herzogthum, II, page 52). As per tariff book from 1717 Oslowo paid 25 groszy 9 dennars (see Cod. Belnesis in Pelplin, page 86). As a Church collection village gave 4 korces (bushels) of oats and the same of rye in 1711 (see Wizyt, by Szaniawski, page 263).
1) .... 2) A village in the district of Złotow, having its postal station in Lipka and the Catholic parish in Zakrzewo, ¾ mile distance. The Prussian Protestant Freeland Church and school are located here. It has 4827.18 morgs of open land. In 1868, it had 149 buildings, 72 homes, 543 inhabitants of which 417 were Lutheran and 116 were Catholic. This village was destroyed by the River Osowka in 1617. At that time it had 9 farmers. 3).... 4) .... 5) .... 6) .... Ks{iadz} Fr.
Source: Slownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, pp. 654-655]
This translation, by Jerry S. Kucharski, FIC, FICF, is used by permission.
Osowy Grunt, properly OSOWY GRĄD, village in the district of Augustów, community of Kolnica, parish of Augustów, distance from Augustów 9 versts, it has 32 houses and 287 residents. In 1827 there were here 21 houses and 123 residents.
Source: Slownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, p. 655]
This translation, by Anthony Paddock, is used by permission.
1.) Village, powiat [district] of Gostyń, gmina [township] of Szczawin Kościelny, parish in Gostynin. It has 20 houses, 172 inhabitants, area of 395 morgs. One elementary Lutheran school. According to the draft register from 1580 to 1581, the village, in the old Gostyń parish had 5.75 łan, with 2.25 łan belonging to the village head; 1 zagrodnik [a farmer with a house and a small plot, often a garden, surrounding the house, but no arable fields], 1 tradesman, 1 tenant (komornik) and a windmill (as per Pawiński, Wielkopolska, vol I, p. 66).
2.) Ossowo. Manor farmstead and a village on the Chodeczka river, powiat [district] of Włocławek, gmina [township] of Piaski, parish in Lubraniec. 21 wiorst from Włocławek. Watermill. Population 81. In 1885 manor farmstead had 475 morgs of area, incl: 455 morgs of fields and orchards, 8 morgs of pastures, 4 morgs of bush. In the rented mill settlement there was 40 morgs, 8 morgs of waste land; 6 brick houses and 1 wood house. Village Ossowo, population 11, 7 morgs of fields. Br. Ch.
Source: Slownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, p. 659]
This translation, by Eva M. Zuber, is used by permission.
A district town in the Łomża guberniya, on the River Narwa. Latitude 53º 5' north, longitude 39º 19' west. It is situated in a sandy and woody area, part of the Ostrołęka forest, on the left bank of the Narwa. The excellent road from Warszawa to Kowno transverses the town. A lesser one connects Ostrołęka to Ostrow, 39 wiorst away and Malkinia, 54 wiorst away, where there is a train station on the Warsaw – Petersburg route. Warsaw is 109 wiorst away and Łomża 33. The parish and monastery church are both brick-built. There is a synagogue, St. Joseph's hospital with 40 beds, 2 primary schools with one classroom, court for area 1 and a parish court for area 2, both of which belong to the judges assembly in Pultusk, district administration office, town council, post and telegraph office, amber factory, 2 distilleries, 2 honey and 2 vinegar plants. There are 439 houses and 5,865 people. In 1860, there were 192 houses and 3,460 people of whom 1,130 were Jewish. Ostrołęka is undoubtedly one of the oldest settlements in the Ostrołęka Forest area. In 1379, Ziemowit 111, a Mazowsze prince, divided his land among his sons giving Jan not only Czerska and Warsaw but also Ostrołęka with its forestlands. Prince Janusz establishes a parish and builds a church in 1399. Janusz Stary granted it city rights in 1427 and these included the right to establish baths, clipping station and to run two fairs. In 1502, Konrad, a Mazowsze prince granted the artisan guilds privileges. After the Mazowsze was incorporated into the crown, Ostrołęka and its surrounding forestland became a non-stronghold starostwo, rendering homage to Queen Bona. The starosts who had their manors here could fell timber to their hearts' content. In 1552, Bona affirmed the guild privileges. In 1563, a fire destroyed the town, which already had 334 houses. In 1578, Stefan Batory bestowed privileges on Ostrołęka. In 1616, 230 houses existed. In 1666, Tomasz Goclawski, judge of the Nurska lands, established and built the Bernadine church and monastery. In 1702, battles took place near Ostrołęka between the Swedes and Kurps (inhabitants of the area N-E of Warsaw. The latter wanted to prevent the former from crossing through the forestlands. 26 May 1831 marks the day of a significant battle for the whole campaign. The Poles, led by Gen. Skrzynecki, fought the Russians. A monument in memory of the fallen Russians was erected on the right bank of the river, across from the town. Apart from churches, Ostrołęka has no historical monuments. The parish church was reconstructed in 1646, burnt in 1831 and renovated in 1873. Its original character has been almost completely lost, apart from some traces of the ogival construction in the presbytery and sacristy. The interior of the post Bernadine church, with its murals, reminds one of St. Anne Church in Warsaw. 50 villages, farms and settlements belonging to the towns have grown up on the expansive surrounding areas. They are under the jurisdiction of the peace court. The more important ones are: Antonie, Bialobiel, Gusty, Zabrodzie, Lazy, Otok, Podrezewo etc. and 26 smaller settlements, together known as Leg (Leg Wielki Las, Leg Rozoga etc.) They are situated on the opposite bank of the river, on land formerly part of the forest and given to the town as a salary. Ostrołęka and its history are covered by Winc. Gawarecki in the Płocki Diary of 1830 and in the Weekly Illustrated of 1875, volume XV, 56. Ostrołęka parish and deanery (formerly Mlawa) has 7,587 parishioners. In the 1660 survey, the Ostrołęka non-stronghold starostwo in the Mazowsze province, Łomża lands, was made up of the town Ostrołęka and the following villages; Pomian, Dylow, Budne, Sekwa, Wykroff, Wojkowe, Laki, Dabrowo, Myszeniec, Surowe, Chudek, Siedliska, Okrasino, and the small town of Radzilow. In 1771 it belonged to Antoni Malachowski, the crown writer, who paid 11,109 zloty 3 grosz in army tax and 2, 46 zl 23 gr. in army winter tax. In the 1773-75 Parliament, the republic bestowed lands with emphyteusis rights on the same Malachowski. Ostrołęka district in the Łomża guberniya was established in 1867, partly from lands of the same name. The narrow strip extends from the southeast towards the northwest. To the north it borders with Prussia, to the east with the Kolno and Łomża districts, to the south with the Ostrow district and to the west with the Makow and Przasnysz districts. It covers an area of 29.43 sq. miles. The River Narew cuts it in an east to northwest line and divides it into two almost equal parts, which differ much from one another. The northern part is wooded and swampy and is made up of 3 rivers basins, which carry the waters of the lake-filled Baltic plateau to the Narew. They are: the Omulew, Rozoga and Szkwa. They flow lazily, almost parallel to one another, spreading out into wide, marshy valleys. The narrow, rather barren watersheds are covered with trees. The soil here is sandy and infertile. 2 viorst from Ostrołęka, on the right bank of the Narew and east of the villages Drazewo, Nakly and Grabowo, there is a 2 sq. km. sandy, undulating area which is dissected by marshes and covered sparsely with pine and birch woods. The constantly moving sands have smothered the nearby villages. The Kurps live on this poor land and own only small holdings. The barren lands compel the people to seek other occupations like hunting, fishing and smuggling. In the north, there is a part of the former Myszyniec primeval forest. The southern part of the district, with its Mazury population, is much better off. The only river, the Orz, a tributary of the Narew, cuts through the area, flowing through a narrow, mostly deep-sided valley. The level rises to the east and south, attaining 400 ft whereas the northern half of the river valley measures 280ft and the watersheds up to 350 ft. The southern part, on the left bank of the Orzyca, the level reaches 407 ft. The fertile soils produce wheat and even rye. (around Goworowo and Czerwina). Arable farming is the main occupation and larger farms are more common. There are around 15 larger properties in spite of parcellation. Apart from disused peat fields and abandoned marsh ore mines, one can find amber mines, especially in the northern half. It is to be found between the layers of decomposed leaves, mostly beneath the peat. The largest amounts are found in so called "kettles," where a number of veins converge, and can weigh up to a several dozen pounds. Single amber stones can weigh up to a pound. The excavation of amber has dropped in recent times because of a lack of interest in the manufactured products and because of the ban on searching for it in government forests, which make up the majority of the area. The Kurp lands have been totally exploited. Factories are almost unknown. Apart from a few small plants such as watermills, windmills and brick-yards there are only 3 larger ones: a sugar mill in Gucin (amid the wheatland near Goworowo), American mill processing up to 20,000 bushels of grain, in Olszewo and an amber plant in Ostrołęka. The population of 51,439 in 1867 rose to 63, 938, which included 6,000 Jews. As to communication means, the Ostrołęka district has a waterway, the Narew river, the first class road Warsaw- Kowno and two second class roads from Ostrołęka to Malkinia (station on the Warsaw-Petersburg railway) and Ostrołęka to Myszyniec. The sorry state of education is mirrored in the lack of public schools. Apart from the 2 schools in Ostrołęka, the entire district has only 9 in: Czerwin, Goworowo, Kadzidlo, Myszyniec, Nasiadka, Piski, Suchcice, Troszyn and Zawady. As far as the church is concerned, the Ostrołęka district deanery is part of the Płock diocese comprising 9 parishes: Czerwin, Goworowo, Kadzidlo, Kleczkowo, Myszyniec, Ostrołęka, Piski, Rzekun and Troszyn. And regarding the courts, it is made up of 1 peace court district, the neighbouring colonies and 3 commune courts: Ostrołęka, Kadzidlo and Czerwin. From the administration point, it is made up of 1 town and 11 communes: Czerwin (5641 pop.), Dylewo (5365), Goworowo (4851), Myszyniec (8368), Nasiadki (5349), Piski (2383), Rzekun (4941), Szczawin (3513), Troszyn (5446) and Wach (7811).There are 208 villages in these communes. Br[onislaw] Ch[lebowski]
1. village and farm on the river Pilica, in the Grojec district, Komary commune and Ostrołęka parish. It lies 21 wiorst from Grojec. Situated on a hill, set in sandy flat land, between the rivers Vistula and Pilica (right bank), not far from Mniszewo. It has a parish church and a spring, not as yet examined. In 1827 there were 26 houses and 243 people. It is the ancient seat of the Ciolek family. Stanislaw Ciolek, a Poznan bishop, and his brother, Wigand, the Czersk castellan, established a parish here made up of the villages cut off from Mniszewo and Warki. They erected a brick-built church in 1429. Swiecicki author of "A Description of Mazowsze" was married to Malgorzata Ciolek and received Ostrołęka in the dowry. In his book he describes it as "a village set in beautiful surrounds, suitable as a residence for the Muses." A drawing of the manor in Ostrołęka appeared in the "Weekly Illustrated" (nr. 101), in 1884. In 1869, Ostrołęka and its lands were made up of Ostrołęka manor and Karolinow alias Grazyna, as well as the village of Ostrołęka. The manorial lands, 1252 morgs in all, were divided up as follows: Ostrołęka manor - 123, meadows – 212, pastures – 6, forest – 102, barren land – 37, brick buildings - 2, wooden buildings – 17. Karolinow alias Grazyna – 721: meadows – 6, pastures – 1, forest – 35 and barren land – 10. There was a 17- field crop rotation, a windmill and a disorganized forest. Ostrołęka village has 1000 people and belongs to the Grojec parish and deanery (formerly Wareck)
2. Ostrołęka, in documents Ostraleka, Ostra Leka, a village and manor in the Lowicz district, Lubiankow commune and Glowno parish. It is 18 wiorst from Lowicz, to the left of the road going from Lowicz to Glowno and has a population of 152. In 1827 there were 21 houses and 151 people. Wincenty Kot from Debno, archbishop of Gniezno, (died 1548), gave the Ostrołęka tithes to the Lowicz collegiate church. At that time, Ostrołęka belonged to the Domaniewo parish and the church in Glowno (Lib. Ben. Lask. II, 249, 344, 346). Today it has 593 morgs: under cultivation – 528, meadows – 50, barren land – 15, brick buildings – 4, wooden buildings – 8 and a 4-field crop rotation. Part of the land is called Dziadowiec and, from time to time, was settled by old and poor farmers.
3. Ostrołęka: in documents Ostrolaka, a village and manor, in the Nowy Radom district, Zamosc commune, Sulmierzyce parish and 21 wiorst from Radomsko. The village has 14 houses and 102 people and the manor 4 houses and 7 people. In 1827, there were 9 houses and 43 people. According to Lib. Ben. Lask. (I, 491) the village gave the Gniezno prebend and canonry its tithes and the vicar in Sulmierzyce a donation of a grosz from its corn-fields. The 1552 and 53 conscription register mentions the aristocratic owners as Stanislaw and Jerzy, Adam Jakub and Katarzyna Marsk (Pawinski; Wielkop., II, 284). Today the manor covers 230 morgs: arable – 176, meadows – 26, pastures – 18, barren land – 10, wooden buildings – 8 and a 9-field crop rotation. Peat fields are present. Ostrołęka village has 11 people and 84 morgs.
4. Ostrołęka: village and manor in the Radom district, Przytyk commune and Wrzos parish. It lies 24 wiorst from Radom and has 16 houses and 186 people. In 1827, there were 9 houses and 125 people. According to the register of 1508, Ostrołęka along with Podkana, Slowikow and Studzieniczna belonged to Pawel Podlodowski who paid 31 groszy from his 2 fields. Stanislaw Podkansky lived here in 1569 and had 4 fields (Pawinski: Malop., II, 312, 474). The tithes from the village, worth up to 7 grzywien, were paid to the vicar in Wrzos, as established by Archibishop Jaroslaw. He also received 1 grosz tithes from every corn-field. (Lib. Ben. Lask., I, 684). In 1871, Ostrołęka lands were made up of Ostrołęka and Wyrob manors, Ostrołęka village and the 907 morgs were divided up as follows: arable land – 463, meadows – 60, pastures – 15, waters – 2, forest – 240, thicket – 60, rented property – 60, barren land – 22, wooden buildings – 14, peat fields and organised forest. Ostrołęka village has 179 morgs.
5. Ostrołęka: village and manor on the Vistula, in Sandomierz district, Samborzec commune, Skotniki parish and 5 wiorst from Sandomierz. It has 22 houses and 137 people. In 1827, there were 23 houses and 133 people. In 1885, Ostrołęka manor had 430 morgs: arable – 196, meadows – 40, pastures – 55, barren – 139, 11 wooden buildings and a 4, 6 and 8 –field crop rotation. The village Ostrołęka has 37 morgs and the village Bogorya 24.
Source: Slownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, pp.690-693]
This translation, by Jolanta Siestrzewitowska, is used by permission.
Ostrów, by Tuszewie, with Zagroda, Pataraka, Stara Wieś, Buda Tuszowska, Foca and Kątniki, the village is also called Ostrowy Tuszowskie, district of Kolbuszowa. The village has a Roman Catholic parish church, (Diocese of Tarnów, Deanery of Mielec), and a public school. The wooden church was built in 1562. To the parish belong Kumorów, Przyłęk, Toporów and Szydłowiec. In 1880, there were 1,204 inhabitants (82 on the territory of the larger domain). However, the church schematic lists 1,120 Roman Catholics and 83 Jews. Budy Tuszowskie is a German settllement, established on a small area of the village of Tuszów. Ostrów has a community loan association with assets of 2,959 złoty, while the settlement has assets of 547 złoty (Austrian Currency). The fund for the poor, established by Fathers Anzelm Urbański and Feliks Kamieński, has 275 złoty (Austrian Currency). The large estate of M. Hirsch, a Jew, has 24 mórgs of farmland, 1 mórg of meadows, 11 mórgs of pastureland, and 1,813 mórgs of pine forests. The lesser domain has 1,507 mórgs of farmland, 348 mórgs of meadows, 363 mórgs of pastureland, and 365 mórgs of forests. This village, fragmented into many hamlets, lies near the mouth of the Jamnica Stream which disappears into the Babulski marshes in the sandy, pine-forested Kolbuszowa plain (218 meters). The hamlets of Pataraki, Kątniki and the Brazylia Inn are situated to the north of the village, in the midst of the forest, on the right bank of the Jamnica. Budy Tuszowskie is on the west of the Komorwska Foundry. On the west Ostrów borders Toporów, on the south Kossów, on the east Jagodniki and on the north Ostrów Baranoski. Dr. Maurycy Maciszewski Item #3
Source: Slownik Geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego - Warsaw [1886, vol. 7, p. 705]
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Hello fellow Fingerworks fans, I'm hoping some of you will jump in and help me and design a better case for the Macintouch/Digitouch keyboard once produced by Fingerworks.
I have the remaining stock once held by a court reporter keyboard company.
(I don't have a large number of units, but I think just almost enough to justify having a better case made)
I hope to make a smaller case, with a flush front surface.
The keyboards are approximately 5x216x143mm HxWxD, and I want your input on how deep you think the area below should be where our palms may or may not rest.
Do you think the new case should have a palm rest surface approximately as deep as the Touchstream keyboards?
(approx 105mm distance between lower edge of keyboard and lower side of case.)
Or, do you think the new case should not have a palm rest at all, and should just wrap the keyboard electronics?
(5-20mm distance between lower edge of keyboard and lower side of case.)
(The new case will probably have a minimum depth of 10mm, so picture a 10mm wall between your resting palms and the keyboard surface)
Your feedback is appreciated. I would like to lower the cost of these units for sale on Ebay, but it's going to depend on my costs of building a new case.
If you are CNC designer and can help design, or help guide me to produce this new case, it would be great.
Referrals to designers/experienced CNC type people are appreciated too.
There is a budget to get the new case designed, and I can also pay in keyboards, too.
Thank you


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Welcome to Episode 4 in our Vegetarian Thanksgiving Series. Today Kim of Welcoming Kitchen shared a creative recipe for a Mushroom Socca Tartlet that would be a wonderful entree in any holiday meal. Kim used all whole ingredients, even grinding her own chickpea flour from dried chickpeas to make the socca. My favorite part of this recipe is probably the fresh herb infused oil. Not only does it look beautiful but it sounds like it would taste simply divine. All of the recipes at Kim and Megan's site are free of the eight common allergens (dairy, eggs, soy, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, fish, and shellfish), gluten-free, and vegan. Not only that, but they have a series of cookbooks out, and the latest released in June Welcoming Kitchen: 200 Delicious Allergen- & Gluten-Free Vegan Recipes looks pretty awesome. Allergen AND Gluten-free AND Vegan recipes? Sign me up!
For my contribution, I thought I'd share an unusual but absolutely recipe for delicious apricot glazed brussels sprouts. In my opinion, brussel sprouts are an unfairly maligned vegetable. If they are prepared right, they can be really, really tasty.
Here are some lovely blog recipes for Brussel Sprouts.
I tried the first three recipes and they were YUMMY!
Elana's Pantry Chestnuts with Brussel Sprouts
Gluten-free Bay Roasted Brussels Sprouts
Gluten-free Bay Lemon Dijon Roasted Brussels Sprouts
Fat Free Vegan Brussels Sprouts with Basil and Garlic
Simply Recipes Hashed Brussel Sprouts with Lemon
Apricot Glazed Roasted Brussel Sprout recipe
1 lb- 1 1/2 lb. brussels sprout
olive oil
dried dill to taste
1/2 cup apricot jam (i use a no-sugar variety)
Clean sprouts and shake off water, or fold in a towel. Cut in half, horizontally, and place in medium to large bowl, drizzling with olive oil. Season with dill, salt, and pepper and place flat on cookie sheet. I think that it is easiest if you put them all one way, either flat, cut side face down or round exterior face down. Place in 425 F oven and bake for 15 minutes and then check. If one side is nicely browned, turn over. Otherwise, put back in oven for another 10-15 minutes or until browned on one side. (This will depend on size of the brussel sprout) When this one side is brown, turn the sprouts over and bake for 5-10 minutes or until done to your preference. I like them more done than my DH- My favorite part is the crispy, paper-like exterior. yum! He likes them lightly browned but not papery. To each their own.
While sprouts finish browning, put your jam, lemon juice, and zest in a heavy bottomed, small soup pot. Bring to a simmer and let it come to a liquid like texture. Then turn off the stove and reserve glaze.
When brussel sprouts are done, put in a pretty, medium sized serving bowl and drizzle generously with glaze, stirring if necessary. Serve and enjoy!