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January 3rd, 2006 by eugene
Western Digital Raptor WD1500
Update 4/6/10 - Western Digital VelociRaptor 600GB Review
SATA's emergence finally drove WD to the plate with a February 2003 announcement of the Raptor WD360GD, a drive that combined a spindle speed previously found only in enterprise-oriented products with the consumer-friendly SATA interface. The first Raptor was a modest, single-platter design that topped out at 36 gigabytes, considered somewhat small even back then. Nonetheless, the design demonstrated that speedy mechanics freed from the shackles of the high-overhead SCSI bus had much to offer when it came to single-user performance. The Raptor held its own when compared to SCSI titans such as Maxtor's Atlas 10K IV and Fujitsu's MAP3147.
SCSI drives, however, absolutely pummeled the WD360GD when it came to the drive's ostensible target market- servers. In particular, the Raptor's lack of command queuing placed the unit at a severe disadvantage when contrasted with SCSI drives that featured mature tagged command queuing (TCQ) implementations. When it brought (some would say "rushed") the WD360GD to the market, Western Digital was already hard at work on a successor.
WD announced the Raptor WD740GD in September 2003, a scant seven months after the WD360GD's introduction. This newer model addressed the deficiencies of the initial version, most notably by introducing another platter to yield a more respectable 74-gigabyte capacity. FDB motors were also brought to the table, reducing the WD740GD's idle noise floor to a level found in the quietest of SATA drives. Finally, the newer Raptor incorporated ATA-4 tagged command queuing, a seldom used, firmware-level reordering system geared to shore up the original Raptor's poor server performance.
The Raptor WD740GD's tweaks were not subtle... indeed, they elevated the drive's performance to a new level, one that found WD's scrappy contender duking it out with Maxtor's mighty Atlas 15K as the fastest drive for non-server use, regardless of spindle speed, interface, or price. On the multi-user front, however, the WD740GD remained hit-or-miss. The Raptor's tagged command queuing abilities indeed assisted the drive when it came to I/O concurrency. WD's TCQ execution, however, failed to scale as well as those found in SCSI drives, especially when it came to the lower queue depths under which most real-world servers operate. The drive's efforts were further hampered by a relative dearth of SATA controllers that bothered to support an old, legacy feature... only a handful of offerings from Silicon Image, Promise, HighPoint, and upstart Pacific Digital hit the market.
Even so, the Raptor's success with the relatively niche but very vocal DIY/enthusiast/gamer market was hard to ignore. Power users galore snatched up the only 10,000 RPM SATA drive around and WD watched as its "serious enterprise drive" became the centerpiece of many a hot-rod rig. As the months rolled by, the Raptor continued to hold its own against the latest SATA and SCSI drives to hit the channel. Further, like most drives, the WD740GD has quietly received tweaks and revisions here and there. The latest iteration, the WD740GD-00FLC0, boasts improvements of up to 14% in its single-user scores.
For nearly two years, however, the Raptor's flagship capacity has stubbornly stood at 74 gigabytes. As SATA drives such as Hitachi's enormous (not to mention blazingly fast) Deskstar 7K500 and Western Digital's own Caviar WD4000KD arrived, users willing to spend some change for premium SATA storage found themselves in an unusual quandary - spring for the massive 400-500 GB capacity offered by today's huge units or go for the slight speed advantage still maintained by the Raptor while (rather ironically) saving a few bucks?
Readers have wondered for some time whether the esteemed Raptor line would receive a capacity upgrade or whether the series, as lauded as it was by the enthusiast community, would eventually fade away and remain only in fond memories.
Let the speculation end... WD's third-generation Raptor is here!
A Tale of Two Markets, a Tale of Two Drives
Since its inception, the Raptor has always officially been positioned by WD as an inexpensive alternative to the SCSI-based drives that dominate the server landscape. Thus far, however, the Raptor has met with only limited success in its declared target market. Instead, it is the enthusiast/gamer community that has carried the line over the past two years. Given the intricacies of its distribution network, WD claims that it is impossible to offer precise figures regarding where Raptor drives actually end up.
Until now, WD has never overtly acknowledged the Raptor's penetration into the enthusiast market. Undoubtedly, however, the company has noticed the family's revered status among gamers. The firm briefly flirted with distribution of the relatively expensive drive through retail superstores. Further, the latest versions of the WD740GD sport tweaks to single-user speed at the expense of a little server performance.
When planning the third-generation Raptor, WD sought a way to acknowledge the gaming market while still preserving the brand in the enterprise. Regarding the latter, the company hopes the third time truly is the charm. This time around, the Raptor will enjoy some advantages not accorded to its predecessors. The industry is gearing up for the inevitable transition from the parallel Ultra320 interface to the new Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) standard.
SATA's interoperability with SAS (both use the same physical connector and the latter's HBAs can control the former's drives) opens up new doors for WD's fledgling entry. The Raptor is no longer beholden to dedicated SATA infrastructure and instead may be positioned as an inexpensive alternative that remains directly compatible with the SAS world. In addition, SATA's maturation continues to bring more credibility to the interface as Seagate, Maxtor, and WD all move to bring high-capacity, 24/7 nearline-style SATA drives to the market.
Western Digital's solution to the conundrum is two separate SKUs. The "Raptor 150" (WD1500ADFD) continues the line's tradition as a low-cost alternative to the SCSI drives that dominate the server world. The "Raptor X" (WD1500AHFD) caters to the enthusiasts and gamers that have carried the family since its debut.
What's the difference? Cosmetically speaking, the Raptor X pays homage to the DIY crowd that enjoys things such as clear PC cases with... well, a transparent cover. Though the actual top plate remains a jet-black aluminum compound, the portion that actually sits atop the spindle assembly, constructed from polycarbonate, permits a clear view of the drive's interior. To further the product's unique appearance, WD investigated incorporating an LED into the device but ruled it out due to engineering constraints. The Raptor 150, on the other hand, features the more staid, standard look that debuted with WD's latest 7200 RPM units.
The Raptor X is officially specified with a 600,000 hour MTBF while the 150 features a 1.2 million hour claim. Both units receive 24 hours of factory burn-in are backed by 5-year warranties. As attractive as the concept may sound to enthusiasts, the two different versions do not feature significantly differing firmware. Creating and maintaining two code bases would increase overhead and product prices that would not proportionally translate into better performance. Here at least, differences really do extend only skin deep. Thus, given that the drives are mechanically and electronically identical, it should come as no surprise that the unit featuring the more complexly-engineered cover commands a price premium: WD pegs the Raptor X's street price at $350 while the standard unit will run about $300.
The latest Raptor, of course, features a 10,000 RPM spindle speed. Claimed average read seek time also remains unchanged at 4.6 milliseconds. Buffer size has doubled to 16 megabytes, matching the size found in today's latest SATA units. The Raptor maintains a 2-platter design- WD has increased the line's capacity by doubling platter density to 75 GB, matching the per-platter data stored by contemporary 10K SCSI drives.
Previous iterations of the Raptor utilized a bridged design to mate the drive's PATA-style electronics with SATA's physical connector. With the WD1500, the manufacturer finally moves the Raptor series to a native SATA implementation complete with NCQ. Like the server-oriented Caviar RE2, the Raptor features a standard first-generation 150 MB/sec interface rather than the 300 MB/sec conduit found on many newer units. WD feels that electronics capable of negotiating at 300 MB/sec are sufficiently proven for its standard consumer-oriented drives but not quite mature enough to mate with enterprise-class products. The firm indicates that this may change as the relevant ICs continue to develop. For the most part, of course, a 150 MB/sec or 300 MB/sec figure simply represents a ceiling, a bandwidth figure that today's speediest drives, including this new Raptor, have yet to approach. As we have noted in the past, WD's Caviar RE2 WD4000YR shares much in common with the Raptor platform. In fact, as time goes by, it becomes more and more apparent that the Raptor WD1500 and Caviar WD4000 spring from the same basic design. Thus, the Raptor enjoys Time Limited Error Recovery (TLER, a feature that prevents false drive dropouts on RAID levels 1 and greater) and Rotary Acceleration Forward Feed (RAFF, electronics that sense and compensate for the vibration commonly found in multi-drive installations that may adversely affect performace), two features that debuted with the Caviar RE. This time around, thankfully, TLER ships disabled by default and may be enabled via a utility for installations that would benefit from the feature.
As previously mentioned, the two "versions" of the WD1500 only differ cosmetically. As a result, the tests that follow on our "Raptor WD1500ADFD" sample represent results for both the gamer-marketed Raptor X and enterprise-oriented Raptor 150. As WD ambitiously targets both the server and the high-end desktop markets, however, the tests that follow will pit the Raptor against all current SCSI and SATA drives.
Some notes on the following tests:
- Unless otherwise noted, all references to the "Raptor WD740GD" refer more specifically to the latest widely available revision, the WD740GD-00FLC0.
- When applicable, all presented results are drawn from the drives operating with command queuing appropriately toggled on or off to yield the best performance:
- For all SATA drives (excepting Maxtor's MaXLine III, which performs best with NCQ enabled), NCQ/TCQ is disabled in all single-user tests.
- NCQ/TCQ is enabled for SATA drives under multi-user tests.
- For all SCSI drives, TCQ remains enabled in all tests.
- Seagate's SCSI offerings are toggled to "Desktop" mode for single-user tests and "Server" mode for the multi-user tests.
Come now and join us as we see where Western Digital's third-generation Raptor lands when compared against every other enterprise and desktop hard disk!
Access Time and Transfer Rate
For diagnostic purposes only, StorageReview measures the following low-level parameters:
Average Read Access Time- An average of 25,000 random read accesses of a single sector each conducted through IPEAK SPT's AnalyzeDisk suite. The high sample size permits a much more accurate reading than most typical benchmarks deliver and provides an excellent figure with which one may contrast the claimed access time (claimed seek time + the drive spindle speed's average rotational latency) provided by manufacturers.
Average Write Access Time- An average of 25,000 random write accesses of a single sector each conducted through IPEAK SPT's AnalyzeDisk suite. The high sample size permits a much more accurate reading than most typical benchmarks deliver. Due to differences in read and write head technology, seeks involving writes generally take more time than read accesses.
WB99 Disk/Read Transfer Rate - Begin- The sequential transfer rate attained by the outermost zones in the hard disk. The figure typically represents the highest sustained transfer rate a drive delivers.
WB99 Disk/Read Transfer Rate - End- The sequential transfer rate attained by the innermost zones in the hard disk. The figure typically represents the lowest sustained transfer rate a drive delivers.
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The Raptor WD1500 weighs in with a measured average read access time of 8.0 milliseconds. Subtracting 3.0 ms to account for the latency of a 10,000 RPM spindle yields a measured seek time of 5.0 milliseconds. WD claims 4.6 ms... our sample misses its claim by 0.4 ms. The older WD740GD, by contrast, manages a 4.7 ms seek. Both drives use the same actuator; the difference likely arises from increased settle times associated with the WD1500's denser platters.
Random writes average out to 9.0 milliseconds.
Although these scores place WD's latest squarely at the bottom when contrasted with SCSI drives, it is clear the Raptor nonetheless continues its tradition of integrating SCSI-class mechanics with the SATA interface. When compared against SATA units, of course, the WD1500 (along with its predecessor) remain at the top of the heap.
Due to its 75 GB platters, the WD1500 achieves an outer-zone (maximum) transfer rate of 88.3 megabytes per second, an improvement of 23% over the WD740GD. This score essentially matches those turned in by the Maxtor Atlas 10K V and the Fujitsu MAT3300 and leads the Hitachi Ultrastar 10K300 and Seagate Cheetah 10K.7. Against SATA drives featuring higher densities but lower spindle speeds, the newest Raptor easily leads the pack.
Scores decay gracefully as data moves towards the inner tracks thanks to an aggressive zoning pattern. At 60.2 MB/sec, the WD1500 bests all other 10,000 RPM drives and comes close to the figures delivered by 15K RPM beasts.
Some Perspective
It is important to remember that seek time and transfer rate measurements are mostly diagnostic in nature and not really measurements of "performance" per se. Assessing these two specs is quite similar to running a processor "benchmark" that confirms "yes, this processor really runs at 2.4 GHz and really does feature a 400 MHz FSB." Many additional factors combine to yield aggregate high-level hard disk performance above and beyond these two easily measured yet largely irrelevant metrics. In the end, drives, like all other PC components, should be evaluated via application-level performance. Over the next few pages, this is exactly what we will do. Read on!
Single-User Performance
StorageReview uses the following tests to assess non-server use:
StorageReview.com Office DriveMark 2006- A capture of VeriTest's Business Winstone 2004 suite. Applications include Microsoft's Office XP (Word, Excel, Access, Outlook, and Project), Internet Explorer 6.0, Symantec Antivirus 2002 and Winzip 9.0 executed in a lightly-multitasked manner.
StorageReview.com High-End DriveMark 2006- A capture of VeriTest's Multimedia Content Creation Winstone 2004 suite. Applications include Adobe Photoshop v7.01, Adobe Premiere v6.5, Macromedia Director MX v9.0, Macromedia Dreamweaver MX v6.1, Microsoft Windows Media Encoder 9.0, Newtek Lightwave 3D 7.5b, and Steinberg Wavelab 4.0f run in a lightly-multitasked manner.
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WD's latest delivers 1010 I/Os per second in the StorageReview Office DriveMark 2006 and stands alone as the only drive to burst through the 1000 IOps mark. Representing a 17% improvement over that of its predecessor, the WD1500's score essentially leapfrogs past a three-way tie previously held by Fujitsu's MAU3147, Hitachi's Deskstar 7K500, and WD's previous Raptor.
The WD1500's 775 I/Os per second improves upon its forerunner by 21% in the SR High-End DriveMark 2006, a suite that features significantly higher average transfer block sizes than the Office test. As a result, the Raptor wrests first place from the MAU3147, besting Fujitsu's potent SCSI offering by nearly 11%.
Gaming Performance
Three decidedly different entertainment titles cover gaming performance in StorageReview's test suite.
FarCry, a first-person shooter, remains infamous for its lengthy map loads when switching levels.
The Sims 2, though often referred to as a "people simulator," is in its heart a strategy game and spends considerable time accessing the disk when loading houses and lots.
Finally, World of Warcraft represents the testbed's role-playing entry; it issues disk accesses when switching continents/dungeons as well as when loading new textures into RAM on the fly.
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935 I/Os per second places the Raptor WD1500 within a stone's throw of Fujitsu's 10,000 RPM MAT3300 and represents a 12% improvement over the score turned in by the WD740GD in our FarCry capture. This gain grants the Raptor a formidable 23% margin over the Deskstar 7K500. The 15K RPM MAU3147, however, maintains a dominant 17% lead over the new Raptor.
WD's latest strikes back when it comes to replaying a trace of The Sims 2's disk access. With a 21% improvement in delivered IOps over the older WD740GD, the new Raptor tops the charts and blows past the pair of 15,000 RPM titans from Maxtor and Fujitsu. Such a margin, of course, gives the WD1500 a comfortable lead over all other SATA drives.
The WD1500's 775 I/Os per second improves upon the WD740GD by about 15%. Though the Raptor's showing again easily dominates the SATA field, Seagate's Cheetah 15K.4 and Fujitsu's ever-present MAU3147 remain out of reach. The Fujitsu, in particular, boasts a 14% margin over the Raptor.
Multi-User Performance
Unlike single-user machines (whether a desktop or workstation), servers undergo highly random, non-localized access. StorageReview simulates these multi-user loads using IOMeter. The IOMeter File Server pattern balances a majority of reads and minority of writes spanning requests of varying sizes.
IOMeter also facilitates user-configurable load levels by maintaining queue levels (outstanding I/Os) of a specified depth. Our tests start with the File Server pattern with a depth of 1 and double continuously until depth reaches 128 outstanding I/Os.
Drives with any sort of command queuing abilities will always be tested with such features enabled. Unlike single-user patterns, multi-user loads always benefit when requests are reordered for more efficient retrieval.
For more information click here.
When it comes to SATA drives, the old meets the new in WD's implementation of TCQ in the Raptor WD740GD and NCQ in the Raptor WD1500. Out of the gate with just a single operation outstanding, the newer drive enjoys a slight lead over its predecessor despite the latter's access time advantage, presumably due to firmware-level TCQ's higher overhead. The WD740GD closes the gap as queue depths reach 2. Moving beyond, however, it is clear that the WD1500's NCQ execution scales much better at "lower" queue depths. It is not until concurrency hits 16 and above that the WD740GD overtakes the newer drive.
While the older Raptor with TCQ performs better at high queue depths, most single-drive enterprise deployments experience much lower concurrency. Under such depths, the newer Raptor holds an advantage over its predecessor.
When contrasted with NCQ-equipped 7200 RPM drives, the WD1500 stands in a league of its own. Regardless of load, the new Raptor offers significant performance advantages over other SATA drives in the highly-random access that servers undergo.
Despite enjoying a mechanical design similar to 10,000 RPM SCSI drives, the NCQ-equipped Raptor does not scale as well as the competition under increasingly heavy loads. Though the Raptor features access times competitive with these SCSI units, it is clear that SCSI's robust, mature queuing features combine with their multi-user orientation to delivier significantly more I/Os per second than the SATA drive.
Disparities increase, of course, when the Raptor goes up against 15,000 RPM units.
A Word of Caution to Power Users
It is all too common for an enthusiast to believe that his or her usage pattern is closer to that of a server's rather than a desktop's. This idea arises from a variety of sources- "I multitask a lot," "I hear the hard drive grinding away," "I deal with lots of huge files," etc. The truth is, however, that even the heaviest, grinding multitasker experiences disk access patterns that are far more localized in nature than the truly random access that servers undergo. Individuals who choose a hard drive based on its prowess in IOMeter with the belief that their usage habits mimic a server simply do themselves a disservice. It is measures such as the SR Office and High-End DriveMarks that most accurately depict a non-server's response, whether it be the sheer speed experienced under intense disk access or the "snap and feel" associated with intermittent but bursty operations.
Noise and Power Measurements
Idle Noise- The sound pressure emitted from a drive measured at a distance of 3 millimeters. The close-field measurement allows for increased resolution between drive sound pressures and eliminates interactions from outside environmental noise. Note that while the measurement is an A-weighted decibel score that weighs frequencies in proportion to human ear sensitivity, a low score does not necessarily predict whether or not a drive will exhibit a high-pitch whine that some may find intrusive. Conversely, a high score does not necessarily indicate that the drive exhibits an intrusive noise profile.
Operating Power Dissipation- The power consumed by a drive, measured both while idle and when performing fully random seeks. In the relatively closed environment of a computer case, power dissipation correlates highly with drive temperature. The greater a drive's power draw, the more significant its effect on the chassis' internal temperature.
Startup (Peak) Power Dissipation- The maximum power dissipated by a drive upon initial spin-up. This figure is relevant when a system features a large number of drives. Though most controllers feature logic that can stagger the spin-up of individual drives, peak power dissipation may nonetheless be of concern in very large arrays or in cases where a staggered start is not feasible. Generally speaking, drives hit peak power draw at different times on the 5V and 12V rails. The 12V peak usually occurs in the midst of initial spin-up. The 5V rail, however, usually hits maximum upon actuator initialization.
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The Raptor WD1500 posts an objective sound pressure measurement of 42.5 dB/A and matches the level turned in by its predecessor, the WD740GD. Subjectively speaking, the two drives' idle noise profiles are quite similar... totally unobtrusive and virtually silent. Though on paper drives such as Samsung's SpinPoint P120, Seagate's Savvio 10K.1, and WD's own WD4000KD all appear quieter, in practice, the difference is negligible and will be overshadowed by the noise produced by other fans in the system.
Seek noise remains similar to that of the WD740GD's. When churning away, the Raptors are noticeably louder than other SATA drives. Perhaps due to its lower platter count (all SCSI drives tested by SR are four-platter flagships contrasted with the Raptor's two-platter design), WD's seeks are lighter and more hollow than those produced by the enterprise competition.
WD's latest dissipates approximately one watt more than its predecessor when idle. Under a full seek, the WD1500's 11.8 watts weigh in just slightly higher than the WD740GD's 11.6. In either case, the new Raptor consumes less power than the capacious three- to five-platter flagships of the competition. It is only Samsung's SpinPoint P120, also a two-platter design, that boasts a more modest thermal profile.
Given the drive's lower platter count, its no surprise that the WD1500 operates much cooler than any SCSI unit save Seagate's diminutive Savvio 10K.1.
With Testbed4's launch, we chose to draw peak power figures from a standalone AT power supply to minimize interaction with multiple components that may have impacted results. Increasing compliance with SATA-IO's staggered spinup specification, however, has caused us some difficulty. Drives such as the Deskstar 7K500 and the new Raptor (as well as SAS drives from Seagate and Maxtor not yet formally reviewed) do not power up without a data signal. As a result, to properly assess the Raptor's startup power requirements, we had to measure the WD1500's dissipation when operating off of the Testbed's power supply. This in turn required new measurements for all the drives compared in this review. Thus, the figures presented above, while directly comparable with each other, can not be compared with the peak power numbers found in the SR database.
The WD1500 is relatively current-hungry when contrasted with other SATA drives. Though the older WD740GD manages to obscure itself somewhere in the middle of the pack, the newer Raptor dissipates nearly 33 watts total upon spinup... only Seagate's Barracuda fares worse.
Such high consumption is par for the course when it comes to SCSI drives, however. Here the WD1500 indeed finds itself in the middle of a relatively power-greedy pack.
The Effects of NCQ
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)'s impact has been something of a mixed bag when it comes to single-user performance. While nowhere near as damaging as the legacy TCQ found on the Raptor WD740GD and the Deskstar 7K400, NCQ nonetheless more often than not exacts a small penalty in performance at very low (read, single-user) queue depths. Maxtor's MaXLine III (and DiamondMax 10) stands as the lone offering that delivers better single-user performance with NCQ enabled, though it is not clear whether this is because Maxtor's implementation is truly superior or rather because the company's drives perform unusually poorly without it.
Differences are particularly pronounced with the Raptor WD1500. While scores from other drives may drop by 3%-5%, NCQ's presence on WD's latest hampers its single-user scores by margins of 6%-10%. Though the WD1500 remains a speedy unit when NCQ is enabled, we recommend disabling NCQ in non-server settings to obtain the best possible performance.
NCQ truly shines, of course, in highly-random, multi-user scenarios. Under any level of concurrency, NCQ's hardware-level reordering delivers considerable advantages. In this particular situation, the disparity is particularly great as the SI3124's driver seems to innately defeat host-side reordering, perhaps to maximize the gains delivered by the controller hardware itself.
Let us take a look at how the Raptor family's performance, noise, and power characteristics have evolved over the line's 3-year history. Each of the following graphs commences with the original WD360GD, then moves on to the first widely available version of the WD740GD (00FLA1) and the latest WD740GD available at the time of this writing (00FLC0), then concludes with the mighty WD1500. TCQ/NCQ is disabled for single-user tests and enabled for multi-user trials.
The WD360GD came out the gate specified with a 5.2 millisecond seek time and as a result lags its successors when it comes to measured read access times. Interestingly, however, it remains competitive with random writes. The swiftest accesses do not belong to the new WD1500; rather, it's the WD740GD-00FLC0 that takes the crown, presumably featuring updated code quite similar to that of the WD1500's... when combined with less dense 37 GB platters, the the 00FLC0's heads take less time to settle and in the end get wherever they need to go a bit faster.
Initial samples of the WD360GD featured an impressive (at the time) 63 MB/sec outer zone transfer rate. As the product hit the channels, however, it became clear that such a transfer rate was overly ambitious- shipping units topped out at 57 MB/sec, igniting consternation across the enthusiast community. As irrelevant as transfer rates were to current applications, WD nonetheless followed up with a 72 MB/sec maximum in the WD740GD, a figure that matched the best 10,000 RPM SCSI units of the day. Today's WD1500 features a rate of nearly 90 MB/sec, one that is just as fast as contemporary 10K (and even 15K) units... but in the end one that is just as irrelevant today as the WD360GD's STR was three years ago.
Thanks to its superior size, swifter mechanics, larger buffer, and newer code, the WD1500 commands a 65% performance lead over the original WD360GD in the SR Office DriveMark. Just as notable, however, is the difference between the older and newer WD740GDs. A 12% improvement is nothing to sneeze at.
The WD1500 leaves the WD360GD in the dust by a 68% margin this time around. Again of note is the enhancement the newer WD740GD's firmware enjoys over the older unit. Here, however, the margin is not as significant when contrasted with the improvement the newest Raptor delivers over either 74 GB unit.
FarCry's largest increase in performance arises when moving from the WD360GD to the WD740GD-00FLA1. Note, however, that FarCry's aggregate disk accesses span beyond the 36 GB drive's inner most zones and in effect "wrap" back to the beginning of the drive, perhaps inducing some broad-stroke seeks that a larger drive (remember, Testbed4's traces were drawn off of a 40 GB partition) does not encounter. These cases are nonetheless rare and should not have significant bearing on the drive's results.
As was the case with FarCry, The Sims 2 makes full use of the 40 GB partition from which its accesses were recorded. Hence, the WD360GD may have encountered an occasional broad-stroke seek not codified by the application itself. The WD1500, at any rate, enjoys a sizable lead over all of its predecessors.
Both versions of the WD740GD become identical twins in our World of Warcraft by turning in duplicate scores of 671 I/Os per second. Moving from the WD360GD to a WD740GD yields a slightly greater improvement than going from the WD740GD to the WD1500.
The WD360GD's lack of command queuing remains glaringly obvious when placed against its successors. Of note here is the newer WD740GD's prowess compared to the older version under lower queue depths... at the expense of high-concurrency performance. The graph also clearly demonstrates the WD1500's more consistent NCQ implementation against the WD740GD's more disparate scaling achieved via legacy TCQ.
While the 00FLA1 revision of the WD740GD jumps out as the only outlier in objective measurements, it is actually the WD360GD that features the most annoying noise profile. When idle, the 36-gigabyte drive exhibits an annoying upper-midband whine reminiscent of an older SCSI drive. By contrast, the other three units, all equipped with FDB motors, deliver a remarkably unassuming noise floor.
Though it features only one platter, the older WD360GD dissipates the most power at both idle and under a full seek. The family hits its coolest point with the WD740GD-00FLC0, with the WD1500 regressing upwards ever so slightly.
Perhaps due to the electronics associated with its all-new native SATA design, the WD1500 draws more peak current than older units when spinning up from a cold start.
The StorageReview.com Reliability Survey aims to amalgamate individual reader experiences with various hard disks into a comprehensive warehouse of information from which meaningful results may be extracted. A multiple-layer filter sifts through collected data, silently omitting questionable results or results from questionable participants. A proprietary analysis engine then processes the qualified dataset. SR presents results to readers through a percentile ranking system.
According to filtered and analyzed data collected from participating StorageReview.com readers, the Western Digital Raptor WD1500 is more reliable than of the other drives in the survey that meet a certain minimum floor of participation.
According to filtered and analyzed data collected from participating StorageReview.com readers, a predecessor of the Western Digital Raptor WD1500, the Western Digital Raptor WD740GD , is more reliable than of the other drives in the survey that meet a certain minimum floor of participation.
Note that the percentages in bold above may change as more information continues to be collected and analyzed. For more information, to input your experience with these and/or other drives, and to view comprehensive results, please visit the SR Drive Reliability Survey.
Breathlessly waited for by enthusiasts around the world, the Raptor WD1500 improves upon its predecessor by margins of up to 21% when it comes to our single-user productivity and gaming tests. The Raptor WD740GD in and of itself was no slouch; as shown in this review, building upon its predecessor's impressive legacy permits the WD1500 to vie with and arguably top the fastest 15,000 RPM SCSI drives to stake its claim as the world's fastest when it comes to non-server performance. Priced at $300, the standard version commands twice the WD740GD's price; up there, but not out of this world when compared to the disparity buyers experience when moving from a 250 GB ($100) to a 500 GB ($300+) drive. This, of course, may simply complicate the power user's dilemma. Given $300-$350 in cash, should an enthusiast choose the monstrous 500 GB Hitachi Deskstar 7K500 (a great performer in its own right) or sacrifice more than 2/3rds of the capacity to garner the swiftest speeds ever delivered by a mechanical storage device?
The WD1500's standing in the enterprise world remains less clear. 10K RPM 147 gigabyte Ultra320 SCSI drives sit squarely within the Raptor's price bracket. Unencumbered with the concern of delivering blazing desktop performance and featuring time tested, mature command queuing implementations, these offerings from Seagate, Maxtor, Fujitsu, and Hitachi all significantly outdistance the WD1500 under even the lightest of concurrent loads. To compete in the market that WD covets so much, the Raptor must seek out some sort of advantage such as price or ease of integration with the budding SATA nearline field. As of this moment, the relative infancy of SAS's supporting infrastructure when contrasted with even SATA's nascent offerings may give the Raptor the nod in this regard. Such a lead, however, is temporary at best... SAS (and its compatibility with SATA drives) is the ordained successor to parallel SCSI and will inevitably level the playing field within the WD1500's product lifespan.
Thus, as of right now, the Raptor's primary advantages remain in the non-server field. Here the WD1500 once again demonstrates that efficient code coupled with a large buffer is the dominant factor when it comes to solving today's localized data access patterns. Manufacturers of 10K and 15K RPM SCSI drives simply do not take the time (and indeed, do not really care one way or another) to cater to the non-server market by aggressively coding and continuously refining firmware for single-user access paradigms.
If high capacities are relatively unimportant and money is no object, it is the Raptor WD1500, not a 15,000 RPM SCSI unit, that is the drive to get for single-user setups. In other cases where space is a concern and/or funds remain limited, the WD1500 nonetheless succeeds in creating an appetizing conundrum for those torn between massive storage and the fastest performance money can buy.
Western Digital expects to ship the WD1500ADFD (the standard unit) in volume by the end of this month with the Raptor X (clear cover) following by winter's end. StorageReview will, of course, bring readers any developing news on the new Raptor as soon as possible.
Update 4/6/10 - Western Digital VelociRaptor 600GB Review


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Burglaries keep Northside residents on edge
JACKSONVILLE, Florida – A local woman spoke out about problems in her neighborhood Thursday night. The woman doesn't want to be identified because she said thieves have made her Northside home a target.
Burglars busted through her front door with a crowbar in broad daylight in August and took off with more than $7,000 worth of electronics. The woman is so concerned about being hit again she didn't want her face shown during an interview with Channel 4.
"I feel very violated," she said. "I feel like this guy, these two guys, I want to say to them: 'I could be your mother, I could be your mother's best friend and you violated me,'" she said.
This homeowner isn't alone; she told Channel 4 that her neighbor was also targeted by the burglars. The thieves stole her television and car.
"I went to look for my extra set of keys, they had stolen my keys, stolen my car," said the neighbor. "It was found abandoned about a week later, totaled."
This neighbor was so upset that she said she actually chased down the two suspects in her car.
Channel 4's Crime Analyst, Ken Jefferson, doesn't recommend that neighbors take the law into their own hands, but is quick to point out that having a strong relationship with your neighbors is key to safeguarding your home. He also applauds the victims for having an alarm system and getting a large dog for protection.
"A large dog is a great deterrent. Because a burglar does not want to get tangled up with a large dog that's in your house. It's better than an alarm sometimes because it attacks the problem right away ," said Jefferson.
Copyright 2012 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

subset: commoncrawl


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Allegan (AHS) Class of 1933 Alumni List
Help us Update the Allegan 1933 Class List by adding any names missing from the list below:
Registered Alumni
1933 Class List
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Reunions and Allegan High School News
More 1933 alumni from Allegan HS have posted profiles on Classmates.com®. Click here to register for free at Classmates.com® and view other 1933 alumni.
The students that went to school at the Allegan high school called Allegan High School and graduated in '33 are on this page. Register to add your name to the class of 1933 graduates list.
If you haven't already, we also encourage you to register for free on this site. You may also want to check out the latest news and school memories.


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Food & Drink
17 things in NYC's Super Bowl lineup
By Laurie Wilson, Special to CNN • Updated 29th January 2014
View Gallery
28 Pictures
Brrrrr. Much has been said about the Super Bowl's
outdoor setting this arctic winter
. But no matter what unfolds at New Jersey's MetLife Stadium, adjacent New York City will be fired
up to host hordes of visitors.
If you've snagged tickets to Super Bowl XLVIII, lucky you. Maybe you don't have tickets but will be in town to witness the football frenzy. Or maybe you hate the sport and can only keep your game face on for so long before you seek refuge in everything else the city offers.
Spruce Goose's bizarre story
Here's some play-by-play action for fans -- and ideas for nonfans. And yes, there are winter festivals and events planned in New Jersey for the
big week
, but we're guessing you'll be spending most of your time exploring New York.
Hail Mary:
There might not be a dome at the Super Bowl, but you can raise the roof at the 15th annual NFL-sanctioned
Super Bowl Gospel Celebration
at Madison Square Garden on January 31, kicking off Super Bowl weekend with headliner Patti LaBelle.
The longest yard:
50 Yard Lounge food and wine festival
will take over Penn Plaza, just outside Madison Square Garden, for Super Bowl week, with a giant tent, heated roof decks and football-related culinary and sports events. Football legends such as Doug Flutie will make appearances. All-day passes begin at $400.
Block party:
Times Square will be transformed into
Super Bowl Boulevard
with a free autograph stage, concerts and photo ops with the famed Vince Lombardi Trophy. The blockslong festival, between 33rd and 44th streets, will run from noon to 10 p.m. Wednesday to February 1; events are free with the exception of a toboggan run for $5. Stop by NYC & Company's booth for event and activities info or
visit its website
Football at the Met:
Even New York's storied museums are getting in on the action. Check out the
Metropolitan Museum of Art's
"Gridiron Greats" exhibit of vintage football cards.
Oompah and beer:
New York has more beer gardens than you can shake a pretzel at, and the
Bohemian Hall and Beer Garden
in Astoria, Queens, is one of the oldest. Beginning at 4 p.m. on Super Bowl Sunday, an indoor tailgate party will kick off. Chug-a-lug $10 pitchers of frothy beer such as Stella to wash down schnitzel and knackwurst while cheering on your team.
Sip and tuck:
NFL personalities and legends will be huddled at the legendary
Waldorf Astoria
, and the hotel's illustrious Peacock Alley will be a see-and-be-scene spot to sip a specialty cocktail themed for the two teams by house mixologist Frank Caiafa. The landmark hotel, which has also had an uptick in reservations from "football widows" throughout the football season at its Guerlain Spa, will offer the "Just the Girls" spa package on Super Bowl Sunday, which includes a manicure and pedicure, massage or facial, makeup refresh and two cocktails.
Booze cruise:
Norwegian Cruise Line's Getaway, christened the
Bud Light Hotel,
will be docked next to the USS Intrepid, offering lodging and entertainment. Note: Rooms at the Bud Light Hotel are not available for purchase; consumers can win hotel rooms through Bud Light promotions. Lodging at the floating hotel will be available Thursday through the morning of February 3.
Blood falls and other natural oddities
Not really into the game? Here are some ideas to intercept the Super Bowl events.
Game play:
Take advantage of a
Broadway Week Winter 2014
two-for-one tickets promotion. You can get a free ticket for the price of one at 26 shows such as "Pippin" and "Waiting for Godot."
Happy New Year:
It's the Year of the Horse, and the 15th annual Chinatown Lunar New Year Parade & Festival will kick off at 1 p.m. on Super Bowl Sunday at Mott and Hester streets, with colorful floats, dancing lions and dragons and marching bands.
Super bowl:
Maybe your idea of a super bowl can be found at
, one of the city's most popular bowling destinations, with locations in Times Square and Union Square.
Beyond a shadow of a doubt:
February 2 also happens to be Groundhog Day, and the
Staten Island Zoo
will open early at 6:30 a.m. so that Chuck the Groundhog, accompanied by a band, can spy on his shadow (fingers crossed he doesn't) at 7 a.m. Kids will want to stick around to have breakfast with Chuck. Bonus: Take the free ferry ride over for mind-bending views of New York's skyline.
Maybe you do love the Super Bowl for one reason and one reason only -- it marks the end of football season, meaning baseball is on deck. Check out
Foleys NY
, a pub with enough memorabilia to rival Cooperstown, including 1,800 autographed balls. Make no mistake, though, this popular Irish bar will undoubtedly be a hot spot for the Super Bowl action, too.
Get a bye:
There's no better day to shop than Super Bowl Sunday; the stores are practically empty. Hit up Macy's (be a sport and check out the custom NFL shop on the fourth floor) or score a deal at Bloomingdale's (Bloomie's windows will display 48 designer, haute couture helmets, part of the NFL Foundation fundraiser).
Skate around it:
Twirl figure eights at one of the many outdoor rinks, including Rockefeller Center,
Central Park and the
Standard hotel at the High Line.
The artful dodger:
Go museum hopping. Take in the "Charles Marville: Photographer of Paris" exhibit at the
Metropolitan Museum of Art
and the "American Legends: From Calder to O'Keeffe" exhibit at the
Whitney Museum of American Art
Tour the town:
Sign up with On Location for a tour of the many locations for TV shows that have been shot in New York, including "Sex and the City," "Sopranos" and "Gossip Girl." Receive 15% off any tour when using the code "Super" at
Oh, snap:
Take a private walking tour to see Central Park, the Brooklyn Bridge and other iconic landmarks with
PhotoTrek Tours
. A personal photographer will snap shots of you with New York as a backdrop (you keep the photos).
A year of the world's
Best Beaches
There's a perfect beach for every week of the year. Join us on a 12-month journey to see them all
Go to the best beaches


text:
Turn the person's head to the side, to prevent choking if he
or she vomits.
Choose the site to give the
Find a clean area of skin on the upper arm or thigh. Slightly
pinch a fold of skin between your fingers of one hand. Hold the syringe like a
pencil close to the site, keeping your fingers off the plunger.
Try to keep the syringe at a 90-degree angle to the injection
site. Quickly push the needle all the way into the pinched-up area.
Push the plunger to give the medicine. Give the amount of
glucagon that the person's doctor has recommended. After you give the glucagon
shot, immediately call 911
for emergency care. If emergency help has not arrived within 5 minutes and the
person is still unconscious, give another glucagon
Wait 5 to 10 minutes after giving the injection before
checking the blood sugar. Remember, it can take 15 minutes or longer for the
blood sugar to increase after the injection. Use the lancet device to prick the
side of the finger. Test a small sample of blood to check the blood sugar
level. Repeat this step after 30 minutes to make sure the blood sugar stays in
your target blood sugar range.
If the person becomes more alert, carefully give some
quick-sugar food or liquid. Stay with the person until emergency help arrives.
Last Revised:
June 29, 2011
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Jennifer Hone, MD - Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text:
Bridge Over The River Waal
9/7/2015 03:26:37 am
Dag Rudy,
Leave a Reply.
Beautiful, defiant and intense, Argentina seduces with its street-side tango, incredible foods, gaucho culture and welcoming people. Explore the mighty Iguazu Falls, take in the colors of Buenos Aires. Then head into nature to explore Peninsula Valdes, Torres del Paine National Park and the humbling Perito Moreno Glacier. Reaching the end of the world at Ushuaia is just the tip of the iceberg of an incredible country. Argentina is one formidable cocktail of wanderlust!
"Photography is an art of observation. It's about finding something interesting in an ordinary place. It has little to do with the things you see and everything to do with how you see them."
Elliott E
About Me
I just like to take pictures, I just push the button. I never worked in the darkroom, I never studied photography or journalism; I'm just a passionate photographer.
"Success is the ability to go from failure to failure, without a loss of enthusiasm"
Sir Winston Churchill
Therefore, I Am A Believer Of "All Critiques Are Valid". Thank You!


text:
Drinking the Bottom Shelf: ShotPak Premade Shots
Will Gordon drinks his way through the bottom shelf of the liquor store...so you don't have to.
A couple months ago I horrified us all with the news that I had been reduced to toiling several hours a week at an actual job to keep up with rising household spending relating mostly to pumpkin beer and deluxe mustards.
Pumpkin beer season has finally crested, but it's always time for expensive mustard and now some jerk has started parking a lobster roll truck in my neighborhood, so it looks like I'll be checking IDs at the not-quite-dive bar for the foreseeable future. That's all right, because it's an easy gig and I like my coworkers' cloudy dispositions and slick ways with the Mayflower Porter tap. The job's primary benefits are obvious and essential: They pay me and they give me beer. That's kept me pretty well distracted from looking into the 401(k) matching and paternity leave policies, but just because a job's easy, pays well, and is conveniently located near Greater Boston's finest 7-Eleven nacho-detailing center doesn't mean I can't find a few things to complain about.
Most work nights find me mostly sober until I manage to clear the room and mop the floor, which means it's uncommon for me to have my fourth beer before 2:30 in the morning. Therefore, I usually spend the business end of Saturday night as the designated sucker in a sea full of happy, sloppy drunkards. This isn't the sort of bar people drive to, nor is it the sort where you can get food past 9:00 p.m. Plus it smells a little funny and the music is always loud and often awful, so there's really no reason for a civilian to be there if she doesn't intend to drink assertively.
I will sometimes nurse a few beers through the evening, and I assume my fellow enlisted men do the same, but for the most part I'm sober and therefore bored, so I try to kill time by reading "The New Yorker." This is great, because I love getting paid to read, but this is also terrible, because what's more obnoxiously Cambridgey than a not-quite-dive-bar door guy reading "The New Yorker"?
But as too-precious as that is, it still beats small-talking to drunk strangers all night. A lot of people feel the need to engage me beyond the simple pleasantries required to check an ID. I'm not some kind of surly dick bouncer, so I always try to nod and smile and "Have a nice night" everyone who walks through the door, but I wish college kids weren't so hard-wired to curry favor with every perceived "authority" or "key contact" or "point person" or whatever that they encounter. I'm just some happy schlub checking your license for obvious Sharpie stains; you needn't win me over with witty banter. If your documents are in order, you can come in; if not, then not. Trying to befriend me rarely gets anyone anywhere in real life, and it certainly never does in bar life.
But, you know, minor quibble. It's just that I hate losing my place in whatever article I'm straining to read under the EXIT light. Last week I read the same paragraph about coastal Carolinian heirloom corn seeds a dozen times. I get paid by the hour to read, not by the word, so if you distract me with inane conversation, you're essentially taking magazine articles off my family's table. Please don't.
So even on the best nights with the most favorable words-read to idiots-bounced ratios, I look forward to the ring of the last-call bell. But even that sweet signal has a tiny bittersweet twinge. If it's time for the public to stop drinking so the privates can start, that means it's time to join the rest of the staff in the nightly team-building and liver-razing ritual known as the Greene Bastard.
This is a green shot of variable but consistently abhorrent construction, named for my friend Greene, who is a bastard. The key component is usually Midori, sometimes an apple liqueur or maybe some sort of cilantro schnapps, but always bright green and therefore awful.
Other than my weekly Greene Bastard obligation, I steer clear of mixed shots, because I am dignified and old. But they are popular and I am a man of the people, so when I saw ShotPak brand pouches of premade "shots" on my liquor store counter, I thought of the tackier and/or more adventurous Bottom Shelf readers and picked up one each of the Sour Apple, Mojito, and Purple Hooter!(!) The Lemon Drop box was mercifully pouchless; I'm told they'll have more next week. Oh goody.
Each pouch packs 50mL (a fair-sized shot of about an ounce and three-quarters) of 17 percent ABV juice for $2.99. Before I even got these home, I knew I wouldn't be recommending them, because they just don't make sense at that many pennies per proof: They're the size of a real shot, but only half the strength. I'm also not sure their intended drinking context. They're too inefficient for winos and teenagers, because for all their portability and potential tastiness, they're still a double-figure buzz for most people. The foil pouch gimmick is neat, but at what cost? Are they really that much more backpackable than a half-pint of sugarberry schnapps?
But even if I can't justify paying for them, I figured I'd give them a go and see if I could recommend drinking any that happened to find their way into your Halloween bag or Christmas stocking.
Sour Apple: This one's subtitled "Premium Vodka & Sour Apple," and oh mama, is it terrible. Although these are intended to be sucked straight from the pouch by the sporty alkie on the go, I dumped them out into stainless steel portion cups for a color check and to see if they could indeed stain steel. The Sour Apple is bright green, (un)naturally, but it tastes a bit brown. If you handed me one of these and told me it was actually Caramel Sour Apple, I'd believe you. And then I'd tell you to get out of my house.
Mojito: Premium Rum with Mint & Lime, anyone? I must admit that this baby isn't all that horrible. It tastes like mentholated rum; there's no discernible lime, but that's probably for the better given how bad fake lime flavor can be. This tastes like a CVS-brand mint cough drop, which isn't the worst possible thing you can put on your tongue. If Mom ever accidentally packs this in your lunchbox where the Capri Sun's supposed to go, you might as well drink it. Just remember not to decant first, lest you be put off your PBJ by the pale blue-green color and the disconcertingly persistent grease bubbles.
Purple Hooter!: Premium Vodka & Raspberry, they say. Give me a break, the rest of us say. Stupid name, gross drink. The purple taste is surprisingly light, at least, which allows the toxic vodka to shine through and remind you that this is indeed alcohol. Now all you need is something to remind you to forget where you found it.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


text:
EL PASO (AP) – A man who says he is Sherman Hemsley's brother is expected to reveal the results of a DNA test to a judge in Texas in an effort to prove his claim for a share of the late actor's estate.
Richard Thornton, of Philadelphia, challenged the validity of Hemsley's will, which names the actor's longtime friend, Flora Enchinton of El Paso, as sole beneficiary. "The Jeffersons" star died of lung cancer July 24.
Thornton is scheduled to appear at the probate court in El Paso on Friday.
Hemsley was born in Philadelphia but lived in El Paso for the last 20 years of his life. Court documents indicate his estate is worth more than $50,000.
The actor's refrigerated remains remain at an El Paso funeral home amid the estate dispute.
Also Check Out:


text:
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text:
CBD Oil Spray in Newark
CBD Oil Sprays And Skin Care Products By Hemp genix
With more research underway surrounding the endocannabinoid system and cannabinoids such as CBD and THC, many new methods for infusing products with cannabinoids are being developed. One of the most intriguing is in using them within CBD Oil Spray products.
Cannabis CBD Oil Sprays come in the form of lotion, salves, balms, and oils, all of which have been infused with cannabinoids. They absorb into the skin directly upon application. CBD Oil Sprays have only grown in popularity over the years. In fact, THC and CBD has even been utilized in general cosmetic products and even personal lubricants.
CBD Skin Care by Hempgenix in Newark
Applying cannabinoids topically will allow them to absorb into the body quite quickly. The relief is also more focused, generally only affecting the specific area where the product was used. On the other hand, smoking or ingesting marijuana affects the entire body, and it can take up to two hours for any effects to be felt.
CBD Lotion are only mildly invasive, and they make a strong entryway for those that are curious to dip their toes into the world of medical cannabis. The prospect of smoking or ingestion is quite scary to the uninitiated.
It's also worth noting that CBD Oil Skin Care In Newark are not psychoactive. The endocannabinoid system is activated, and any mind altering properties are blocked from entering the bloodstream. It's worth noting that topical dosages must be quite large. Since the skin of humans absorbs cannabinoids at a low rate, a liberal application is suggested as a workaround.
That said, CBD Oil Skin Care In Newark can work their way into the skin much easier than THC. They're also more likely to engage the receptors of the CB2 cannabinoids. As such, they have become quite popular for cannabis topical manufacturers. CBD Oil Spray contents have much more hemp than your run of the mill variety of marijuana. CBD Oil Skin Care In Newark has numerous benefits, included significantly lower toxicity.
CBD oil lotion is also quite popular since there are dual purposes at play. They'll smooth out and even soften the skin of the applied area. It's not uncommon for people to become very adamant that CBD Lotion in Newark become a regular part of their lives after trying it for the first time. The FDA isn't keen on any particular health claims being made of course, but it's hard to deny the satisfaction rate of those that have been using CBD Oil Spray thus far.
THC is quite well known, having been included in the conversation about marijuana for quite some time now. CBD Skin Care has become more prominent as of late thanks to plenty of research and trials however. There is still much work to be done towards achieving widespread understanding and use of topical products such as CBD Oil Skin Care in Newark , but it's clear that we're many steps closer than ever before.
CBD Lotion In Newark
CBD Oil Lotion In Newark USA
CBD Pain Relief Lotion Benefits
Looking at CBD, you will find that a lot of the research is still in the early stages. However, thanks to the changing laws in a number of places, there are more people starting to realize the many medicinal benefits that hemp has. CBD pain relief cream is something that has been able to help a countless number of patients within the United States who live in areas where marijuana has been legalized to get great benefits.
While many people have often immediately gone to the idea that marijuana is mostly known for THC content, researchers have been working hard to identify many of the other components of the plant that can be beneficial to a wide range of patients. It is more important that ever that you get your CBD pain relief cream from an authorized manufacturer and a distributor that you can trust. Every state that has legalized medical marijuana has rules in place regarding the making and distribution of any creams like this. It is best to look into the laws and guidelines where you live to be sure that there are products available that you can buy that adhere to these rules and guidelines.
When it comes to such a cream, you also need to understand how much of the cream you should be using and the best way to apply it. The ingredients get absorbed into the skin, so it may be hard to determine the right dosage in the beginning. Some people will recommend the use of a chart that helps you to track progress with any cream. For example, you can make notations on your pain level with each application.
While you are noting the use of the cream, write down how much you are using and the brand. You can then record how you are feeling after about fifteen minutes and up to an hour later. Keep a log like this and you will find that you have a good bit of quality information that you can refer to on the dosing and how your body may be reacting. Proper monitoring of all application locations will help you to get a better idea.
CBD pain relief cream can be used in a number of states where it is now legal, and it can help to give you a great deal of comfort and freedom from the pain that has been holding you back on a daily basis.
CBD Lotion Skin Care In Newark
CBD Skin Care for Psoriasis
A lot if individuals who are turning to cannabis oil creams and CBD oil have become disenchanted with pharmaceuticals, steroid creams, conventional treatments, and self-injection methods. They have been put through the ringer, then a certain person persuaded them to try a CND cram and VOILA, results of varying degrees that were instantaneous.
One of the many side effects associated with conventional treatments, one which seem to be brought up quite often is the thinning of the skin which over time leads to damaged cells and skin weakness. CBD ointment, oils and creams, even if they were not to work, will not cause thinning.
When I use the word miraculous, I am referring to the fact that if you browse through various forums, you will find countless people who experienced positive results almost immediately. Generally, after having had years with minimal and even no results from orthodox treatments.
Although there were those who experienced a complete disappearance of their psoriasis, there we other who experienced various levels of improvement, For example, the psoriasis did not completely disappear, but the itching and inflammation did.
The biggest bit of advice that those who do experiment with homemade CBD creams give to others is that if it seems as if the cream is not working for you, it is probably due to it containing a weak CBD potency. Try using a CBD or THC oil that is stronger.
Eighty percent of those the individuals you will see feedback from claim that their psoriasis symptoms improved after they experimented with CBD and THC oils: redness, flaking, soreness, itching, bleeding, etc.
There are those who experience positive effects after smoking cannabis, however other opt for using THC and those who prefer CBD oils that do not contain THC or even CBD vapes. When it comes to this there are many options to choose from and they are promising!
Yes, you will stumble upon those who claim that they did not see any improvement at all. However they seem to be few and far in between, and generally it is they who also claim to have concocted their own remedies with the use of other oils and herbs. What is confusing is that even if you were to opt for giving it a try to treat psoriasis, there are countless other amateur recipes available.
Two Studies on the use of CBD to Potentially Treat Psoriasis
After browsing through various forums and search engines, here is what I was able to find. There are a few others out there; however it is not my goal to bog your mind down. Here are the studies:
Study Number One: Human Keratinocyte Proliferation is inhibited by Cannabinoids
The results show that even though a circumstantial role may be played by CB receptors in keratinocyte proliferation, there is no significant contribution they make to this process. The results indicate that keratinocyte proliferation is inhibited by cannabinoids, therefore supporting an important role for cannabinoids to help treat psoriasis.
Study Number Two: Topical THC and Anti-Inflammatory Activity
THC that is topically applied can effectively reduce contact allergic inflammation by lowering the pro-inflammatory keratinocyte derived mediators who orchestrate the immune myeloid cell infiltration that is independent from CB1/2 receptors. This offers major implications towards the future development of strategies that can harness cannabinoids as a way of treating inflammatory skin diseases.


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-insert inappropriate comment about naked pictures of Karyn-I'm sure this doesn't help, but I thought I might as well get it out of the way.
Subject says it all!How can we improve the forum?
Just fix that damned cursor jumping when I quote someone!
Wastrel, I know there have been a lot of community changes that have happened on the board since you joined, and it's harder to make new friends than it is to keep the ones you have. We've put in as many technical solutions to that problem as we can, I think, and further solutions will have to come in the form of old-timers returning. The board has moved from a living-room feel to a tavern feel, and I understand that that's not to everyone's taste. I don't think there's any way of going back, though.


text:
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Artist description:
My friends Pugs, Pippi and PugnXi.
Java Draw Created Mar 29, 2012 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2012 schttlr.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
OMG how cute i have a yorkie shes so hyper LOL.....5/5 hearts i like doggies =3
So Cute! Great Draw! 5/5
They are so adorable, WONDERFUL drawing. 5/5h fave
amazing drawing! cute too! 5h
Wonderful draw...lovely expression....5/5h..
Wow great drawing , cute little dogs....5/5
Pippi and PugnXi :D are Sooooooooooo Cute! Wonderful Draw! love them 5/5
Very nice!!!
Dogs are the bestest friends that you can have haha. They are so adorable too! Are they pugs? I did not think that those types of dogs could look this cute hehe. I like how one of them is larger than the other. The colors are soft/pretty. 5/5 and fav
This is adorable! I especially like the lil one's face and expression. Awesome draw! 5/5


text: I originally grew up in Southern California but Fresno quickly started to feel like home to me after moving here to go to school. It was during my days at Reedley Community College where I landed an internship with B95 that eventually turned into me doing mid-days and The Juice Crew Morning Show! Growing up, my dad always told us that music can take you to a better place. Although he was talking about Latin music, I felt the same about Hip-Hop and R&B. My advice to listeners is this: Stay up, stay positive, and remember that if you want to be successful, you have to put yourself out there!


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A federal judge sentenced former Illinois powerbroker William Cellini to a year in prison Thursday for conspiring to shake down a movie producer, capping off the last trial to stem from the investigation of former Gov. Rod Blagojevich.
Cellini, 77, was once known to political insiders as the King of Clout for his behind-the-scenes influence in state government. The multimillionaire businessman was convicted last year for his role in trying to get a $1.5 million campaign contribution for Blagojevich from Thomas Rosenberg, the Oscar-winning producer of "Million Dollar Baby," in exchange for state business.
Judge James Zagel's sentence of one year and one day in prison was more than the probation defense attorneys sought but far less than the 6 ½- to eight years in prison recommended by prosecutors. Zagel said he took into account Cellini's poor health, including a heart attack he had in June. The judge also fined Cellini $75,000.
"This was a series of extremely unwise decisions," Zagel said in sentencing Cellini. However, he also noted Cellini's acts of charity and said the 364 letters he received from Cellini supporters was more than he'd ever seen for anyone.
Defense attorneys described Cellini's numerous health problems, including blood clots that he's had and is at risk for having in the future.
"Mr. Cellini is in the twilight of his life," defense attorney Dan Webb told Zagel.
Both sides asked the judge to take Cellini's health into account, but prosecutors said the conviction still warranted prison time because public officials were involved.
"His crimes are very significant," said federal prosecutor Julie Porter. "If you violate the public's trust by working corruptly behind the scenes ... you are going to go to jail."
Cellini took notes during the hearing and sat at times with his eyes closed. He read from a short statement, thanking friends and family for their support and telling the judge he didn't think he had long to live. He asked for probation but also said he took responsibility for his actions.
"My family and I suffered greatly over these past five years," he said, referring to his legal problems. Members of his family sitting in the courtroom wiped tears.
Cellini doesn't have to report to prison until Jan. 4, and the judge said he did that to give Cellini more time deal with his health problems.
Cellini left court Thursday without speaking to reporters. His defense attorneys said they were disappointed in the sentence and were considering an appeal of his conviction.
Cellini, a Springfield Republican, was appointed Illinois transportation secretary in the early 1970s. He then used his state connections to help earn tens of millions from real estate, casino and other ventures.
Despite his wealth and influence, Cellini maintained a low profile and rarely spoke in public. It was his association with Blagojevich that drew him into legal peril.
Cellini was one of more than a dozen people ensnared by the decadelong investigation into Blagojevich. The ousted governor was sentenced last year to 14 years in prison on corruption charges, including allegations that he sought to sell or trade an appointment to President Barack Obama's vacated Senate seat. The Chicago Democrat began serving his sentence at a federal prison in Colorado in March.
Webb noted that Cellini wouldn't have pocketed any money from the shakedown of Rosenberg. Instead, prosecutors contend he saw it as a chance to further ingratiate himself with those in power.
Acting U.S. Attorney Gary Shapiro called Cellini one of the "principal movers and shakers in the corruption" that "pervaded Springfield."
But Shapiro said he doesn't expect this to be the end of corruption in Illinois.
"I'd like to think we're never going to be prosecuting corrupt Illinois politicians again," Shapiro told reporters after the hearing. "But I'd be insane to make that prediction."


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How dry we are, how dry we'll be
I promise, this is my last stump speech about winter watering. But if you're panicking because of the three-month forecast for Colorado's Front Range — which doesn't see a significant snow dump outside of the mountains this spring — here are tips from Denver Botanic Gardens Horticulture Director Sarada Krishnan:
Trees and shrubs: Watch soil moisture, especially if they're still getting established (first year for small shrubs, one year per trunk diameter for trees). Check the moisture 3 or 4 inches down into the soil. If it's dry, give the area a slow, gentle soaking. Remember to disconnect the hose at night so pipes don't freeze.
Lawns: Don't move up aeration and fertilization services. But you can call to book them for March or early April.
Vegetables: Hold your horses for a few weeks even on cool-season crops like lettuce. (I'd add this caveat: unless you've got a cold frame and/or feel really, really lucky. If you get any to grow, you get bragging rights. I'm going to try it with some 45-day lettuce, in a brick south-facing planter, under permeable clear plastic. I'll keep you posted.)
Bulbs: If they're blooming, enjoy them while they last. There's nothing you can do to prolong the blossoms. But if yours are under mulch and not coming up yet, don't panic. The mulch will keep them a bit cooler a bit longer.
Don't fire up the sprinkler system just yet. That would be asking for a surprise freeze or May blizzard.
Still itching to garden? Sharpen tools, clean out leaves, tidy perennials, amend soil, add mulch.
And again, check out CSU extension's winter-watering info on the web. <NO1.
On the up side, if do get out into this unseasonable sunshine to do those neglected fall cleanup chores, you'll be getting more vitamin D, and that could mean no spring cold to keep you indoors. So says a study by Harvard and CU.


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Top groups
Piano Compositions
Yes, this is the place for all of your piano compositions! :D
If you have any piano scores at all, you'll want to add them to this group... This is the 2nd largest MuseScore group and an awesome place for you to share your compositions and get valuable feedback!
Go ahead and create your own discussions for pretty much anything piano-related!
Also, you should check out the following groups...
The Teenage Composers group
The Piano Virtuoso group
The Piano Teachers group
Anime Piano Group
To show that anime sounds just as good on piano as classical or any of that stuff, and also to be awesome anime lovers
Subscribe to my Youtube here, some piano stuff here!
Join the Discord here!
Piano Company
"Don't only practice your art, but force your way into its secrets, for it and knowledge can raise men to the divine." Ludwig Van Beethoven
TheIshter Sheets
Project to create sheet music for Ismael's Covers that dont have sheetmusic.
If a transcription looks dropped feel free to pick it back up
This group is about everything related to saxophone. Share scores (of course with sax as leading instrument) and discuss saxophone playing- and composing- related topics. Some general discussions about sax, sax music, sax players are welcome as well.
Here is the list of saxophone groups containing sets of scores as well, so check them out:
1) Saxophone ensembles group (quartets,quintets,etc.)
2) Jazz Standards Lead Sheets
3) Sax arrangements group
- saxophone arrangements of rock/pop music or movies'/games' soundtracks:
4) Sax solo transcriptions
Jazz Standards Lead Sheets
This is a group for creating MuseScore lead sheets of jazz standards. If you have created a lead sheet of a jazz standard, leave a comment with a link to your score in the List of available jazz standards discussion thread to you have your score included in the collection.
If you don't know what a lead sheet is, see the definition below under "What is a Lead Sheet?". Likewise, if you don't know what a jazz standard is, see the definition below under "What Is a Jazz Standard?".
Feel free to report mistakes in any of the scores featured in this group.
What is NOT Included in This Group's Collection
For scores that are not lead sheets of jazz standards (e.g., solo guitar arrangements, transcribed instrumental solos, original jazz compositions, educational or music theory scores, etc.), see below for recommended MuseScore groups that might be the right place for your score. If you don't find a group that matches your score, you can create a group yourself.
Other Jazz-related MuseScore.com Groups
Jazz Lead Sheets (Originals) - Lead sheets for your original jazz compositions.
Leadsheets - Leadsheets of all musical genres.
Jazz Group - A group for jazz composers and/or arrangers who want to share original compositions and arrangements.
The Jazz Group for Jazzy People who write Jazz music! - Similar to the preceding, this is a group for jazz composers and/or arrangers who want to share original compositions and arrangements.
Jazz Solo Transcriptions - A project for documenting jazz solos via transcription.
What Is a Lead Sheet?
Most musicians would define a lead sheet as follows: a simple music score showing only the originally composed melody line of a song / composition, and chord symbols representing the chord changes of a song / composition. In the case of popular songs played in the jazz community, a lead sheet often includes the words to the song. If you've ever used a fakebook like 'The Real Book' or 'The Ultimate Jazz Fake Book', you've seen a lead sheet.
Some lead sheets may include introductory instrumental sections. For popular songs, introductory verses are sometimes included. Occasionally, a lead sheet includes a suggested bass line or a suggested chord voicing, when they are an integral part of the song or composition. For example, the lead sheets for Miles Davis' "All Blues" and "So What" in the Real Book vol. 1 feature bass lines and/or piano chord voicings considered essential to playing the composed sections of those tunes (assuming that you want to reproduce the general arrangement and feel of the original recording).
Lead sheets are primarily intended to help musicians play a song in live performance, or to learn the melody and chords of a song during a practice section.
The following are usually NOT considered lead sheets:
* A full arrangement with multiple instrumental parts
* A piano (or guitar, etc.) score with chord voicings throughout the score
* A transcription of a recorded performance including instrumental solos
What Is a Jazz Standard?
Generally speaking, jazz standards are either popular songs written between about 1910 and 1960 that have been performed by jazz musicians and singers over many years, OR instrumental tunes by jazz composers like Duke Ellington, Thelonious Monk, and Wayne Shorter that have been widely performed and recorded by jazz musicians and singers of mid-20th century popular music.
As with any artistic category, sometimes the boundary lines are a little hard to draw. For example, certain 19th-century ragtime pieces, Brazilian bossa novas, folks songs, and even adaptations of classical music have become jazz standards. The important distinguishing factor for a jazz standard is that it is a piece of music that many professional and amateur jazz musicians have recorded and played live as jazz music.
Newer Compositions
If you have a particular interest in "newer" jazz compositions (those from about 1970 to the present), or pop music from the rock / R&B + soul / hip-hop eras arranged for jazz performance, please let us know, and then make some lead sheets. We'll try to find a good home for your work on MuseScore.com.
A cappella
Discussion and sharing of original and/or adapted a cappella arrangements.
Saxophone Ensembles
The group is for sax ensemble sheet music, though your score can contain other instruments as well (not only saxes), but only if these instruments are just complementary, i.e. the arrangement could be played without those instruments.
Choir Music
A place to test your selfwritten songs for choirs. There is a CPDL.org for known pieces. This can be your starting point!
Sax solo transcriptions
For transcribed saxophone solos synchronized with youtube video/audio. So, you can see what is played and hear how it is played, and even slow down the playback speed to learn to play it!
Post your transcriptions and use the ones that are already done.
See the top post in "discussions" section of the group for more information.
By the way, the main "Saxophone" group is here, check it out as well:
Original Music of any Kind
Title says it all :D
Feel Free to add a discussion! just keep it clean ;)
*AND CHECK THE WEBSITE AREA for FREE custom made soundfonts!*
Sax arrangements
You can post here arrangements or your own compositions of rock/pop/any other style or movies/games themes for any ensemble
which includes saxophone(s) as lead instrument .
This is the one and only criterion for scores of the group.
Enjoy posting, commenting and playing it!
Piano Virtuoso
"The attraction of the virtuoso for the public is very like that of the circus for the crowd. There is always the hope that something dangerous will happen."
— Claude Debussy
This group is for all the advanced piano players and composers on Musescore; if you are one of them, you should definitely join! :)
Feel free to join contests, participate in debates, answer questions, share your opinions, ask for advice, and do all of the other fun stuff that goes on here!
There is no list of rules; you just need to observe the following two warnings...
-WARNING: Discussions and/or comments that are off-topic, inappropriate, offensive, disrespectful, or any other synonym will be deleted without explanation (oh, and that includes all forms of advertisements).
-WARNING: Trolls, spammers, scammers, and other such undesirable creatures will be expelled without any warning other than this one.
What should I name this group...
1: Worship Me*
2: Post a couple times a week**
3: Brush your teeth twice a day
4: Wear your seatbelt
5: Don't swear too much (if you feel the need to swear)
6: No insulting people
7. Keep it pg (no inappropriate talking in here)
8: Have fun
*Okay you don't have to do that...yet
**I'm saying this so that we can keep this group active
If you don't follow these rules, especially 5 and 6, I will consider kicking you, or banning you. And I don't wanna do that
And, feel free to spam
laugh silly (bizarre, nonsense, joke, inanity, crazy, humor, absurd, jokes, fun, and serious too)
2025 not sure about the DYDD, there's something about his eyes, the way he is looking at me, must be careful must be caref
2024 the DYDD rescued me from the zombies by forcing me to breathe smoked banana skins. Not sure how long we can avoid them, must not fall asleep
2023 I have no complaints, we will absorb you, there is no where you can hide, join us, be free of ..
2022 hiding out in a basement living on canned goods and recycled water, they can't find me here, someone's coming...
2021 attacked by brain-sucking zombies, the world seems doomed
2020 with perfect vision It is clear what is in store, and I don't mean grocery store.
2019 back from distant lands, I am not doing contests but any member may start one here especially if the are giving away money prizes or free bananas.
2019 not running any contests anymore, ran out of banana prizes, sorry
take the time to compose something silly
2016 begin again another year, more silliness, musescore discussions, contests, laughs, and serious music
We have lots of contests and tend to write fun and silly original compositions. We try to have a contest every month or so. Contest currently open include:
The Musical Signature Contest ending Jan 15-create a composition based on your name, a sort of cryptogram, assigning notes to letters. It's fun, try it.
New Year contest ending Jan 31- write a composition celebrating the new year just for fun. It can be serious or silly.
Love Song contest ending in mid February- write an original love song. It can have lyrics if you want and can be serious or silly.
March Madness contest ending April 1 appropriately- Anything goes for this contest, be creative and silly and wild and totally mad (in a nice way). Everyone welcome.
We also have a Film Music contest ending April 30. That should be fun.
Solo Instrument contest ending June 30- write an original composition for the instrument of your choice. It can be unaccompanied or with piano or orchestra if you like or, what the hey, it can be a duet or quartet or 50 harmonica band piece just so it focuses on one shining instrument.
Now, we have a Halloween Music Contest ending Oct 31 of course and already have some great entries. So join in the fun.
We also have a guess the melody contest in which you can try to name the composer and title of music from an arrangement we put together. And we have a Famous composer challenge in which you can match up the names of composers to brief descriptions about the composer. All in fun.
Members are welcome to start their own contests or discussions in this group as well.
The administrator, Chinadoll, writes comments to every composition submitted to the group and tries to include encouragement and positive critical advice or suggestions. Anyone is welcome to join.
Visit our websites at http://chinadoll123.wix.com/laugh-silly to vote for the best music composition and composer in our group and also visit the DYDD site for pure silliness and mayhem featuring the adventures of the Downy Yellow Dinge Dork, a nearly (some would say, hopefully soon) extinct bird http://chinadoll123.wix.com/dingle-dork1
Listen to more Chinadoll music (under the name dshostakovich) at https://soundcloud.com/dshostakovich
Songs with Lyrics, lyrics for songs, songs for lyrics
This group is aimed at members that write lyrics, would like to write lyrics, or would like to have lyrics put to their songs.
IMPORTANT: Only original, finished songs with lyrics may be posted to this page!
To get help, advice, about your song, request lyrics for your tune, or offer lyrics for someone to write a tune about just start a discussion, post a link or put your lyrics into a comment. To help out, open the discussions and check them out... you'll figure it out :)
Church Organ Musician
To exchange and share difficult to find or private contributions of music that are suitable for service use.


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For my last lesson I will be showing you how to draw a daffodil, step by step. Now like before, I already submitted a tutorial on a set of daffodils, and in that lesson I provided some really neat information on the flowers species. What I like about daffodils is the fact they are very subtle looking, and very bright. They are great plants to draw, and they are very easy to replicate when you draw them using a tutorial like the one you see here. I have been trying to make the lessons easier than before because I want to make sure that everyone has a fair chance at drawing what they love. I know there is a bunch of flower fanatics out there, and for all you plant lovers, this submission goes out to you. I think you will enjoy my depiction of "how to draw a daffodil", step by step. There are only a handful of steps to go through which means you should be finished within five minutes. Anyways, that is all I have for you guys today, meet me back here tomorrow for more lessons to learn from. Adios people, and be sure to enjoy the rest of your drawing night!
DragoArt members upload artwork and drawing tutorials! They are also allowed to leave comments on tutorials, profiles, etc. Many more features, as well; it's way better than just being a boring guest! Register Now!


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Browse all Reviews
In Dockworker Power: Race and Activism in Durban and San Francisco Bay Area, historian Peter Cole compares the union histories of two port cities, the militant struggles of dockworkers against racial discrimination, their response to technology (in the form of containerisation),
Gorrochategui's book is a revised and updated translation of the Spanish edition (Spanish Ministry of Defence, 2011). It sheds new light on an obscure, but fundamental, episode of the undeclared Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604) that took place a year after the Spanish Armada.
In Gurinder Chadha's 2002 movie Bend it like Beckham, the football-loving principal protagonist Jess Bhamra, daughter of Punjabi parents living in Hounslow, is upbraided by her mother for being too keen on sports to be able to make 'aloo gobi' properly, which gives this dish the appearance of being a key component in the repertoire of any suitably marriageable Punjabi girl at the start
The Spectral Arctic: a Cultural History of Ghosts and Dreams in Polar Exploration / Shane McCorristine
Last year's prestigious AMC fictional drama The Terror traced the fate of John Franklin's crew from the moment the famous expedition in search of the Northwest Passage grinded to a halt in the Arctic ice near King William Island, in 1846, to the disappearance of second-in-command Francis Crozier, years later.
Christian Wolmar's latest tome Railways and The Raj: How the Age of Steam Transformed India is a welcome addition to his existing repertoire of books on railways across the world. The volume offers an accessible account of the history of the railways of the Raj since the railway operations commenced in India in 1853.
The News of Empire: Telegraphy, Journalism and the Politics of Reporting in Colonial India / Amelia Bonea
Amelia Bonea has presented a timely book that combines the mechanisms of technology and news making in critically meaningful ways to present the production of printed news as contingent, variable and even accidental.
Poseidon's Curse: British Naval Impressment and Atlantic Origins of the American Revolution / Christopher Magra
Christopher Magra believes that impressment played a vital role in the origins of the American Revolution. Sailors not only were the shock troops of the resistance movement in popular disturbances in the 1760s and 1770s.
Leisure, Travel and Mass Culture – The History of Tourism is an online archive of tourism resources, curated by Adam Matthew Digital. The site is beautifully presented and easy to access for users. Like all good tourism attractions, it is welcoming to visitors, who will be curious to explore its enticing content.
The social history of the navy is a rapidly developing field and there is a recent trend for studies which seek to uncover the complex and varied personal experiences of officers and sailors, as well as to trace broader trends in cultural representation.
Ritika Prasad's volume Tracks of Change: Railways and Everyday Life in Colonial India is a refreshingly new addition to the historiography of colonial Indian railways. It is indeed, as the author claims in the introduction, a story of 'how railway travel, technology and infrastructure became palpably present in the everyday lives of Indians' (p. 2).