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I have had Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) since March 2002. Both of my sons also got ME/CFS at ages 6 and 10. Our younger son fully recovered after 10 years of mild illness. Our older son still has ME/CFS and also has Lyme disease plus two other tick infections. This blog is about how our family lives with chronic illness, with a focus on improving our conditions and enjoying our lives in spite of these challenges.
Thursday, October 25, 2012
Getting Nowhere
Before CFS, I was such an energetic, productive, efficient person! I took care of my family, cleaned the house, worked in the yard, played with my kids, exercised, and spent time every day writing and sending pitches to editors. Now, most days, it seems I can barely manage the bare minimum of necessities.
I guess a big part of the problem is that neither my goals nor my to-do list really reflect my true abilities now (or lack thereof). It is so hard to give up on dreams, and there are so many things I truly want to do, not to mention all the stuff I really have to do. But my list just keeps growing, and it just feels more and more overwhelming.
And on weeks like this one, with so little energy to begin with, I just can't make any headway at all. Just the basics of living - preparing meals, doing laundry, picking up kids, taking showers! - take up all of my energy (and sometimes more than I really had in the first place), leaving nothing left for the things I truly want to do. And that doesn't even begin to include all the critical stuff that must be done, like school meetings, getting the kids to doctors' appointments, filing insurance claims, sorting out problems with insurance claims (a full-time job in itself!), ordering and filling medications and supplements each week, etc.
sigh....I know I have written on this topic plenty of times before here, but I was just feeling especially frustrated and overwhelmed tonight. The ironic thing is that with so much time devoted to "rest," taking care of myself is actually one of the lowest priorities on my list which of course just leaves me with even less energy, in a vicious downward spiral.
I'm feeling too run-down to even think about it anymore. I'm sure things will look better tomorrow.
15 comments:
"The sun will come out tomorrow...." came to mind when I read this. You are so good at seeing that, but alas there are times where our frustrations just need to be released. Your description is so right on. Hugs and hope for a better day tomorrow.ReplyDelete
always tomorrow sue - you are right - and may it bring you what you need - thinking of you.ReplyDelete
Sue, I think I've written this post several times myself. I try to think of all the little little things I do that make a difference when I feel this way (not that it always helps rather than all the bigger dreams, things I'd like to be doing to participate in life. Someone I know recently posted a Mother Teresa quote and I will misquote it here, but I thought it was a good one for us M.E.ers. something like..."not all of us can do great things, but we can do small things with great love"...maybe that's what you are doing just caring for your family and activities of daily living.ReplyDelete
Thanks, everyone, for the support. And that quote DOES help, upnorth!ReplyDelete
I am a bit better today mentally, though still didn't get anything done - shower, doctor's appt, nap, school meeting - there's another day gone! lol
It definitely helps to know I am not alone.
- Anonymous7:53 PM
This post really makes me NOT want to have a family. Too many added responsibilities, which means too much added stress.ReplyDelete
It sounds to me like you are getting a LOT done. You just need to be reminded of that:) I so understand tho that things like laundry, dishes, meals, etc.... didnt used to count... and now they are big deals. You are a super strong woman and "this too shall pass"..... there will be better days again. Hang in there!
Glad you're feeling a bit better today, hope it continues.ReplyDelete
I find it helpful to have two lists. One with all the bare necesities, including looking after myself. And one with all the aspirations and longer term goals. The second one gets hidden away on my not so good days. I know that the only way I'll get to it is to look after myself properly so that my energy improves!
On my really bad days I write down every single little task that needs doing in a day. not just shower doctors appt. etc. but morning supplements, breakfast, put away dishes, washing up , clean kitchen surfaces, rest, make cup of tea, etc. etc. and cross them off as I do each one to show me just how much I do actually get done in a day! It helps to value the achievements of just getting through the day! They can be a big challenge for someone with ME and shouldn't be belittled.
When we manage this illness well, we can sometimes forget that we have these challenges and expecting too much of ourselves can gradually creep up on us again. It happenend to me this week too. I had to have a real good weep the other day, coming face to face with the loses caused by this illness once again!
I hope you can get to some of the things that you truly want to do soon! In the mean time, look after yourself!Replies
What great advice! There is nothing I like better than crossing items off a list! lolDelete
Seriously, you are totally right, and I know I need to change my perspective and recognize the small accomplishments of a life with chronic illness! Thanks for the perspective.
- Anonymous1:39 PM
I'm curious- if/when you *were* able to do all the things on your to-do list, would you actually enjoy the process? I've learned over time that while I *think* I will reap some reward for getting a lot done, once I've conquered the to-do list, I don't feel nearly as satisfied as I thought I would. And then I go off and find even more to do!ReplyDelete
When I got sick and had to scale back my activity, I started practicing mindfulness, enjoying the present moment. I gradually realized that what brings me the most joy is not x'ing things off a list, but sitting quietly listening to the birds, having a nice moment with family/friends, learning something new, etc. After a couple years of illness, I am presently back at 95% health, and again able to attack my to-do list like crazy. After first I did just that. But you know what? I let go of the list, at least mentally. I realized that it wasn't as "fun" or important as I thought it was, and that there are always far more things to do than I have I time for, even now as a much healthier person.
Of course I still have obligations, and I still write down to-do reminders, but now I am able to acknowledge that many of the items won't get done for a long time and *that's okay*. I ask for help more often, and I also learned to tell people "sorry, I don't have time for that." I'm often surprised when they don't question me. As a result, I spend more of my time doing the things that are truly important and satisfying. I'm not sure if I ever would have learned that if I hadn't gotten sick. In that sense, the illness was actually a gift.Replies
You are so right, on all counts, and I have learned and done many of the same things as you since becoming ill. However, what I find frustrating are all the obligatory things that must be done that I can never seem to catch up on - those are the things I struggle with every day - the doctor's appts, school meetings, insurance claims, bills, etc - all the stuff that MUST be done and use up all of my limited energy, leaving none for the things I really WANT to do.Delete
You don't mention whether you have a family, but I think that probably makes a big difference - our lives are ruled by our kids' needs and schedules, whether healthy or sick!
Thanks for the tips and the perspective - I appreciate it!!
- Anonymous3:04 PM
Ah, yes- I don't have a family [yet], so I probably don't fully appreciate just how many things you _have_ to do. I guess like the other anonymous poster above, having a history of illness makes me terrified to have a family!! What if I relapse? But I'm a 31-year-old female, so the clock is ticking...Delete
Yes, that would be a very difficult decision to make! My kids enrich my life in so many ways, but I got sick when I was 37 and my youngest child was 4. Even then, it was very tough taking care of an active preschooler being so sick.Delete
- Anonymous5:53 PM
Thanks Sue for sharing. We sound a lot alike. I have been fighting to understand what I have for many years and just this year I was told it is CFS/FM and positive for MTHFR, along with all the asundry symps. Sharing your experience is helping me to learn to be more accepting and learn how to deal with this 'illness'. RoxieReplyDelete
- Anonymous4:11 PM
Interesting you said you had a cold.I wonder how long it will last. Do people with CFS struggle to shake off viruses? My son has CFS but luckily doesnt catch many colds (we put it down to his Vit C supplements) however he has been very poorly recently (for about 3 months) and he says it feels like a virusReplyDeleteReplies
Like most people with CFS, I rarely "catch" a cold but just being exposed to a virus can cause a severe CFS flare-up, the worst of which can last many months. Its because the immune dysfunction of CFS causes our immune systems to over-react (hence, the increased CFS symptoms) to viruses but under-react to bacterial infections. So, when I DO catch a cold and get congested, like happened last week, it almost always turns into a sinus infection or bronchitis that requires antibiotics.Delete
CFS DOES feel like a virus because most of its symptoms are caused by our immune systems over-reacting, causing virus like symptoms (sore throat, flu-like achiness, feeling feverish even without a fever, etc.)
Treatments aimed at normalizing the immune system can help, such as Imunovir, low-dose naltrexone (search for these on my blog for more info).
Good luck - hope he feels better soon!


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R. Stone Penwell
About the Author R. Stone Penwell is both an artist and an author who loves to write short fiction, epic fantasy fiction, and science-fiction designed to entertain and amuse the r...view moreAbout the Author R. Stone Penwell is both an artist and an author who loves to write short fiction, epic fantasy fiction, and science-fiction designed to entertain and amuse the reader. He was the editor-in-chief of a very successful online e zine that ran from 1996 to 2000 dedicated to the free online publishing of fine literary works of fiction and poetry by both known authors and promising new authors. In the realm of artwork Mr. Penwell's works are not numerous and consist largely of maps and scenic background illustration. He prefers to work in pen and ink or pencil, but also does extensive graphics work (mainly maps) on the computer using either Paint Shop Pro or Adobe Photoshop. R. Stone Penwell has a number of published short stories and novelettes in e book formats currently available from online publishers. These are divided primarily into three categories that he calls The Dreamweaver's Tales (swords and sorcery, fantasy, and adventure); the episodic adventures of Sir Nervous Nork the Nervous Knight (fantasy-adventure and light humor set in a fictional medieval world); and The Memory Epsilon Records (science-fiction stories set in the distant future). R. Stone Penwell is also the co-author of the four-volume epic fantasy series The Chronicles of the Last Elder Lord (also available in ebook formats) on which he worked long and closely with Merilyn F. George and knew as both friend and mentor. The Chronicles of the Last Elder Lord was Mr. Penwell's debut as both a published co-author and as a published artist. Mr. Penwell lives in the southwestern United States, has honorably served his country in the military, and has traveled to and through much of western Europe. He lived four years in southern Germany in the great and historically rich city of Augsburg where he fell in love with both the people of the city and the country of Germany and one day hopes to return.view less

subset: commoncrawl


text: In the face of horrific living conditions, starvation and the threat of deportation to Auschwitz, the Jewish inmates of Terezin concentration camp - artists, musicians, poets and writers - fought back ... with art and music. Led by conductor Raphael Schachter, they re-imagined a Catholic liturgical work, Verdi's Requiem, as a condemnation of the Nazis. Ultimately, they performed for Nazi brass, singing what they dared not say. Six decades later, conductor Murry Sidlin and a new choir take Verdi's Requiem back to Terezin and bring the story of Raphael Schachter's artistic uprising back to life.


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Big Three Networks' Evening News Shows Suffering Significant Erosion From 2008
As the presidential contest enters its final weeks, one loser is clear: the Big Three television networks' evening newscasts, home of some of the worst examples of ongoing and still influential media bias.
Chris Ariens at Media Bistro noted this on October 2 in covering the results for the week of September 24: "Leading into a presidential election, one might think the tune-in to the evening news programs would increase. But one would be wrong." The trend continued during the following week, as will be seen in the graphic following the jump.
The graphic compares the two most recently reported weeks to their analogous weeks in 2011 and 2008 for all three networks combined (detail for the individual networks is here):
Compared to last year, the networks are down overall, primarily due to serious erosion in the 25-54 demographic; viewership among those not in the 25-54 demo is actually up a bit. The same situation is there in comparing 2012 to 2008, with steeper declines overall and in the 25-54 demo; the pickup among those not in the demo, while larger, differs very little from population growth among that group in the past four years.
There is a corollary to all of this. While the 25-54 demo appears to be on the verge of virtually tuning the evening newscasts out, they're getting more of their news from computers, tablets, and smartphones. The good news is that they appear to be more willing to dig deeply for information. The possibly bad news, as anyone persusing Yahoo News, Google News, CNN, and others online can tell you, is that many if not most of the news aggregators and providers are bringing the same leftist biases found in television to their web sites. The battle against bias certainly won't be ending even if the evening news shows ultimately get forced by economic reality to turn out the lights.
As they say, developing …
Cross-posted at NewsBusters.org.


text: RED BULLS AND KIND HEALTHY SNACKS ANNOUNCE MARKETING PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT Tweet © "Play Kind" Award Established To Recognize Player Who Displays Best Sportsmanship At Red Bulls Regional Development School and At Training Programs Harrison, N.J. (July 28, 2016) – The New York Red Bulls announced today an official partnership with KIND Healthy Snacks. As part of the deal, KIND bars will be provided to New York Red Bulls players and staff at all levels, from the MLS team to Red Bulls Academy teams. In addition, KIND and Red Bulls' Youth Training Programs (RBTP) will recognize players who show the best sportsmanship at Regional Development School and Training Program camps and clinics with a "Play KIND" Award. The award will be presented at the culmination of the training to individuals who have shown examples of exceptional sportsmanship like offering a hand to an injured player, cheering for their teammates or showing respect to their trainers. About KIND Healthy Snacks Since its founding in 2004, KIND® has been on a mission to make the world a little kinder one snack and one act at a time. KIND was born out of its founder's desire to create a snack that was healthy and tasty, wholesome and convenient. What began as a line of premium Fruit & Nut bars sparked the creation of an entirely new healthier snacking category. Today, KIND has a family of snacks that offer solutions for a variety of different occasions. Its recipes include nutrient-dense, simple and premium ingredients like whole nuts, seeds, whole grains, and pieces of fruit. All of its snacks are gluten free and do not contain genetically engineered ingredients. Since day one, kindness has been at the core of its business. KIND was founded with a social mission, called the KIND Movement, which celebrates and inspires kindness through acts big and small. Today, the Movement is brought to life through both the brand and The KIND Foundation. To learn more about KIND and to join our Movement, visit kindsnacks.com. About New York Red Bulls The New York Red Bulls are one of 20 teams in Major League Soccer (MLS). They are one of the ten charter clubs of MLS, having competed in the league since it's founding in 1996. The club plays home matches at Red Bull Arena (RBA) in Harrison, New Jersey. RBA, a state-of-the-art 25,000-seat stadium, is widely regarded as the top soccer-specific stadium in North America. The club is owned by the Austrian beverage company Red Bull GmbH for which the team is named. The New York Red Bulls offer one of the nation's premier youth soccer development programs. The club provides grassroots training programs to all ages and skill levels, and also offers elite players a pathway from those programs to the Regional Development School, then on to the academy teams and, ultimately, to the Red Bulls professional team. Back to news


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National Tiger Sanctuary is a non-profit, rescue organization that provides a permanent home for exotic and domestic animals. Our diverse learning campus is dedicated to preservation of the environment and exemplary animal care. We provide unique educational programs and experiences to foster a love and appreciation for nature in the heart of every visitor.
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See big cats like you have never seen them before – by the light of the moon! Watch for glowing eyes as the cats crouch ready to pounce, and see how well adapted they are to hunting in the dark! Listen closely for the caroling of lions and grunting of leopards.
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text:
Mesa County Library's Exhibit Attracts the Attention of Colbert & ACLU
A display in the Mesa County CO Library commenting on the morality of homosexuality, adultery and divorce has attracted the attention of the American Civil Liberties Union and even Comedy Central's "The Colbert Report."
Under the name "Christians for Healthy Families," Mesa County resident Carol Anderson, 64, created the display, which quotes multiple Bible verses, in response to a pro-gay marriage photographic exhibit displayed in the same place last August called "Love Makes a Family." It advocated for nontraditional families, including gay and mixed race.
The display uses paper bowls to depict marriage, and pink and blue paint to depict males and females. Pink and blue paint mixed in the bowl results in a "beautiful purple," according to the posters. If the pink and blue mixes outside the bowl, "a big mess" results. When pink mixes with pink or blue with blue, "nothing special happens."
The basic story from The Daily Sentinel and the Denver Post, and some clearly less objective and diametrically opposed points of view from Stop the ACLU and Queerty.
Seems reasonable
It seems reasonable to me. The whole concept of mixing paints into a lovely purple is a bit strained, but why should the guy not be able to express his opinion in the space designated for public displays.
I'm not that interested in what other people do with their lives to hang out in the paint department at Home Depot, but why make a federal case out of it.
It is not obscene, it is not inciting a riot, heck it is less offensive than the Westboro Baptist Church.
Re:Seems reasonable
No, because it only appears to be an exercise in free speech. What, pray tell is not being reported? Perhaps one should wait until one has enough information -- real information, not knee-jerk reactionary faux-information -- before making a determination.
I'm with Matt
Whether it's a group of one or a thousand, I too think they should be allowed to use the public display at a library.
Having dueling displays each month could not only generate buzz for the library, but also insulate the library from charges of ideological bias. The KKK comes to put up a display extolling their virtures? Great. The next week or month the local ADL and NAACP chapters have a display that begs to differ.
The only two conditions that I'd put on them (and hopefully would pass court muster would be):
1) Authenticated contact information for the group/person coming up with the display must be either posted or available upon request.
2) Nothing in the display could advocate violence against persons or destruction of property.
Libraries as hotbeds of civic discourse - I like it!
Re:Seems reasonable
"When pink mixes with pink or blue with blue, "nothing special happens.""
They didn't say anything about mixing three parts pink with one part blue, so I guess I'm ok.
Re:on the subject of homosexuality...
I know. I have no idea why people insist on telling things that are best left private. Several decades ago it was left private and we didn't have the public discourse we do now. People just need to STFU,
Re:on the subject of homosexuality...
Your last sentence answers your first sentence.
Re:on the subject of homosexuality...
Why the hell are people so concerned about who other people are screwing.
I don't care - unless it is me- and then it is not anyone's business except the person (or people for that matter) I am screwing.
I don't care what Paris Hilton is wearing, I don't care what is drinking, I don't care what A.N. Smith died from, and I don't care who the person next door is screwing.
If you want to change change, if not then enjoy yourself but please don't feel a need to tell me.
Re:Seems reasonable
I didn't say the content seems reasonable. I don't care about the content. It seems reasonable that anyone is free to put up a display about that which they feel strongly (as long as it is not obscene).
It could have been perverts for Hillary, or Islamofascists for Nixon for all I care as long as it was not obscene the person presenting the display has just as much right to the space as anyone else.
Re:Seems reasonable
Aside from that, it appears very much to be one individual's exercise in free speech.
And as such, we join hands together demanding the ACLU cease any attempt to retrict this public library's right of local control?
Re:Seems reasonable
It seems reasonable to me.
It doesn't seem reasonable to me. I would guess by the name "Christians for Healthy Families" that there is a group which presupposes that homosexuality is some kind of sickness. It isn't, and it's that simple. What this is, is not a "pro-family" display as the Sun Sentinel called it; it is actually anti-family and pro-authoritarian.
Aside from that, it appears very much to be one individual's exercise in free speech.
Re:Seems reasonable
I fail to see how that relates to the story at hand or my comment. If you want to tell others about pantheism then put up a display in the Mesa Library.
If you boss does not understand that she should not try to push her religion on people at the office then call her boss and complain.
Re:Seems reasonable
"I can prove that gay marriage is bad by using paint. See, it doesn't mix, so gay marriage is evvvvill."
On another not, my boss tried to convert me to Christianity last week (I'm a pantheist). We have two Jewish librarians were I work-I can't imagine what would have happened if she tried to convert them.
Re:Seems reasonable
Where does one sign up for that?


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What Christopher Hitchens meant to me cannot really be described in words. He was such an amazing human being and I cannot believe he is really gone. Over the past few months he had even exchanged emails me with me on a couple of occasions. He was truly a hero.
Christopher Hitchens was a man of courage and honor. Hitch always spoke his mind and took the fight to religious bigotry and was unapologetic about it. In addition, he was not a cultural relativist or an Islamic apologist like is the case with many atheists. He called Islamic ideology for what it truly was: totalitarianism and oppression. In addition, he was a great friend for freedom and democracy and although he was a leftist all his life, he stood and supported the Iraqi people for their quest for freedom - particularly the great Kurdish people. And as an Iranian, he was a great friend of the Iranian people and it is a shame that he was not able to see a free Iran in his lifetime. Most importantly: he was genuine and one of the most insightful and intelligent human beings I have ever heard whom possessed great insight and a realistic foresight of world problems.
I will write more on him later but he was truly a hero of mine and I don't have any other heroes. He was someone that inspired me in ways that cannot be expressed. For the rest of my life, I will try to live with his ideals and inspiration as much as I can. To be honest, right now has become one of the gloomiest and darkest days, and my heart feels empty.
Views: 539
Amazing public speaker and a amazing writer. Blunt and honest with sharp biting humor. When I read God is Not Great in 2007 that's when I realized I was an atheist. Everything that was already in my mind was laid out beautifully in those pages. Loved all his other books too. He will be missed.
He was and always be one of the great warriors against stupidity.
all i can say right now, is that i was on the phone with my Mom when i heard the news, and started weeping, sobbing, uncontrolably. she was delighted that i could feel that way about another person i hadn't known personally, even one whose ideas she stridently opposed.
A truly remarkable man, that inspired many people to be truthful about their opinions on religion, he was my personal favorite of the 4 horsemen..... He will be sorely missed in intellectual circles and I'm sure by the people close to him.
Talk about a stand-up friend - Hitch didn't blink when it came to supporting Salman Rushdie, and that is only one of numerous stands he took which are worthy of admiration.
@RickWarren: My friend Christopher Hitchens has died. I loved & prayed for him constantly & grieve his loss. He knows the Truth now.
Well, the man is so convinced to know the truth, with or without capital T, that he can't just keep his mouth closed on the subject. Thing is, probably Rick Warren thinks that he's being nice, there is some definite empathy in his tweet and then he just ends up vomiting shit. Way to be an asshole, asshole!
Cristopher Hitchens (famously) said that he would wish that there was indeed a hell for Jerry Falwell to burn in, which is also a bit of an asshole thing to say according some people. Being an asshole is sometimes the nicest thing to do, and being nice can make you sound like an asshole. It's all opinion, really. Hitch could dance intellectual circles around mr. Warren and the truth Truth is that mr. Hitchens has always held his ground against mr. Warren without breaking as much as a sweat. Opinion pales in comparison to reason.
what a sad day. we wont see his like again for a long time. Its going to be hard to listen to the theists crowing in triumph which i guarantee is going to be inevitable.
Though Hitch didn't bring me to atheism, as I had already reached that conclusion at an early age, his inspiration gave me the conviction and the testicular fortitude to inform the world that I was and to hold my head up high while doing it.
As opposed to Sam Harris' and Richard Dawkins' mild mannered style, Hitchens style of spitting fire and pulling no punches reverberated with me. As his brother related Hitch would rather fight than give way, a trait I see in myself although where Hitch had the ammunition of peerless intellect and eloquence my talents lean more towards fists and vitriol. For lack of a better phrase, an extreme intolerance for bullshit and intolerance. Hitch taught me that it's okay to make waves. It's okay to rock the boat. He taught me that in fact it's our moral obligation to do so in regards to the evils of religion.
I never knew I could feel such a profound sense of loss over the death of someone I never knew but even as I write this I am expending no small amount of mental effort to "hold it together". I will miss him terribly.
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Good incentive on their end to clear out old product to those not in the know.
Hasbro Toys shop is doing 20% off plus free shipping. FREESHIP20. I had to pull the trigger and get the Stormtroopers I had been eyeing up.
I noticed this morning that figures were $4.99 at Target. It might be a good time to stock up on ESB wave army builders if that's your thing.
It's amazing what a lower price can do. I find myself taking advantage of the great deals out there. I now have incentive to hit Target since their price is lower.
I don't think the Y-Wing was marked down
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text: One-stop purchasing serviceV-RocTrading Co., Ltd. Quanzhou is wholly owned byGolden Source Enterprise, which is a specialized manufacturing and trading company that is involved in the design, development and production of promotional gifts and crafts. We are located in the city of Quanzhou, Fujian, southern China, enjoying convenient transportation access. All of our products are compliant with international quality standards. Thus, we are well-received in different markets throughout the world.With an international management team and local knowledge, ... [Details]


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Welcome to my website devoted to images of the babes in Coronation Street.
Welcome to Corrie Babes pictures of the girls from Coronation Street. A Tarty Doris.Com site featuring celebrity image galleries of all your favourite Coronation Street babes including Vicky Binns. Featuring Corrie pics, Corrie pictures, Coronation Street pics, Coronation Street pictures, Vicky Binns, Vicky Binns pics, Vicky Binns pictures, Molly Compton, Molly Compton pics, Molly Compton pictures.
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This site was last updated 03/28/10


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Chicago State University has an outstanding, nationally-recruited, graduate faculty. Graduate faculty members hold the doctorate degree and possess numerous research and publication credits. While the faculty's primary focus is on the teaching and learning process, the faculty also are engaged in significant scholarly, creative, and public service activities. Select departments have developed a very broad base of external research support. Professional recognition has come through books, journal articles published, presentations, and offices held in professional associations. Our dynamic faculty stand at the forefront of the profession they serve. They are dedicated to a program of the highest quality. This dedication along with their cooperative spirit have fueled a superior level of productivity. CSU faculty are different from most other universities in the way they teach. They have a long tradition of respecting the rights of individuals to freedom of expression.
In keeping these traditions, CSU encourages the publishing of home pages by the faculty. The opinions expressed on these home pages reflect those of the authors. We hope you find these pages interesting and informative. We believe they reflect the individualism and the respect for difference that characterizes the university.
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
The overall purpose of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) is to oversee faculty, staff and student research that involves human subjects. The interest of the IRB is to protect the welfare of participants by weighing the gains from the research against the potential for harm to the subjects. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) provides an impartial look at the risk analysis. For more information about the Institutional Review Board at Chicago State University, click here to access the IRB website.
For information about the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and the Radiation Safety Office, please contact the Department of Biological Sciences: Williams Science Center, Room 310. Tel: (773) 995-2183/2184
The Office of Sponsored Programs provides assistance for faculty, staff and students seeking external funding to enhance the research, public service, and instructional climate at the university. Trained staff distribute information about possible funding, conduct training workshops to facilitate proposal development, preparation, and budgetary service. In summary, the activities are developing system rules and regulations, record keeping fiscal accountability, interpreting federal regulations and assessing the university's capabilities for sponsored programs and matching the university's strategic plan with the direction of sponsored programs and research services on campus. For more information, begin here.


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Negotiators for the Boeing Co. and the union representing 22,950 engineers and technical workers will resume contract talks Wednesday afternoon.
The talks take place as Boeing faces more scrutiny of its Dreamliner after another 787 made an emergency landing in Japan. The 787 already is under review by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration in light of recent incidents including fuel leaks, electrical problems and a battery fire.
A labor strike by members of the Society of Professional Engineering Employees in Aerospace could slow the FAA's investigation.
SPEEA leaders were unimpressed by the revised contract proposal Boeing presented Friday. The union's executive director said that a SPEEA strike is now "highly likely." SPEEA has been holding strike picket captain training sessions in Everett and Tukwila to prepare members.
However, upon receiving the electronic version of Boeing's offer Monday, SPEEA leaders didn't immediately send the proposal to members for a vote and ask for their approval to call a strike. With a complete offer in hand, SPEEA could do so at any time.
The union has encouraged members to participate in demonstrations today as leaders return to negotiations at 1 p.m.


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According to Vivian Robson, Alhena in particular indicated, "A brand or mark burnt in [the foot]...it has been called "the wound in the tendon of Achilles."
Interestingly enough, when my wife applied the yarrow to the wound she told me a story about yarrow and its long time association with Achilles. It's Latin name is Achillea millefolium.
As we were on vacation I was reading about the fixed stars and wondering how I might start to notice their presence in the midst of things, to what degree, to what purpose or use in my practice, etc. I'm not sure about this yet, because it's one of my first observations, but right after the bite I had the distinct sense that a fixed star was involved.
Still the question remains on a spiritual level..so what was that all about? I won't get too personal, but the symbolism of the moment of the bite definitely felt connected to my own personal Achilles' heel (or at least one of them!).
Another example....I was born with fixed star Algol on the ascendant..the eye of Medusa, which has variously been associated with losing one's head, horrible death, murder, and the devil (among other 'unfortunate' sounding things). At first it seemed like fixed stars were simply to be rejected because of the blatant negativity or overly deterministic aura surrounding them, but over my vacation I pondered the fixed star Algol and can now see it's presence very strongly in my life story thus far. From mental/emotional health issues in myself and my family, to a decade long immersion into altered states of consciousness, to working with schizophrenics in NYC, and an unusually vivid imagination for the "darker" side of things, I can safely say that the Medusa symbolism has very much been with me.
In fact, I will often feel an entrancing or hypnotizing draw into worst case scenario imaginings...I've struggled with nightmares and sleep problems my entire life, and am easily hypnotized or paralyzed by my own fear fantasies..as though being turned to stone by an inner gaze that locks onto me and won't let go until I'm able to reflect on what's happening (like Perseus' mirror shield) and get out of the trance. Because of all this, I've also felt a deep level of compassion for people who are afraid or who feel that they are losing their minds or losing touch with reality.
In my office above my desk I have a picture of a Medusa statue turned upside down by the Romans in an old temple. An unfortunate symbol of the masculine fear of the wilder feminine powers, but also the well founded reminder to keep a mirror shield handy when the demons come knocking. To my mind, the very use of the fixed stars by astrologers today might be symbolized by the complexities of a star like Algol...once called, "the most evil star in the sky."
With psychological understanding, with depth, and an exploration of the shadows these stars often symbolize, we can both embrace and simultaneously deepen our understanding of who we are...not only in terms of when and where we're likely to injure our feet or lose our heads, but also in terms of what injuring a foot might mean to the soul, or what spiritual growth comes when we lose our heads or get bit by unseen creatures in the night.
Prayer: Star light, star bright...show me the mind of the supreme tonight. And may my thoughts be carried by an understanding that flows freely through all images of fortune and misfortune alike.


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WILBURTON, OK (Oct. 7, 2013) – Eastern Oklahoma State College will host a fall Showcase Camp for high school baseball players at noon on Sunday, Oct. 20 in Wilburton.
EOSC Head Coach Craig Price said participants will receive recruiting exposure while competing against top-tier talent.
"Several players on our 2013 roster attended one of our Showcase Camps. The set-up is similar to a professional try-out camp," Price said.
Position player skill evaluations will take place at the beginning of camp. All position players will run a 60-yard dash, be evaluated at their respective positions and finish with batting practice. Pitchers will also throw a bullpen to evaluate arm strength and pitching ability.
The camp is $100 for two-way players and $75 for a single position. Pre-registration is required and will begin at 11:30 a.m. prior to the Showcase.
To reserve a spot at the camp or for additional information, contact Assistant Coach Curt Dixon at firstname.lastname@example.com or 918-465-1735.
Fall Showcase Registration Form (pdf)


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The Battlefield Bad Company 2 Vietnam Expansion is a pretty large expansion and well worth the $15. You get more maps, weapons, driveables/flyables, but it's fits into the BC2 seperately. So it's almost like a different game as well. The unlocks and weapons you get in BC2 Vietnam are different, but you can still unlock Game wide weapons and extras as well which is pretty cool. So if you play Vietnam you are still unlocking stuff for regular BC2 as well and you won't have to go play BC2 for 20 hours to get the same weapons.
The servers are pretty decent. I think DICE needs to be a little more selective with their "Trusted" partners as there is little difference between these rental servers and player run servers (i.e. I still see racial slurs, and all kinds of other fighting goodness in comments). If EA is going to go to the trouble of using selective "Trusted" partners you would think it would be a little more controlled. Otherwise, there is really no reason to not allow anyone to run a non-ranked server and have fun on a LAN at home.
The new maps are fun, there are a ton of well designed rush/conquest/dm areas that are great. The most powerful dicipline is the medic, I've been able to consistantly outscore everyone on the server reviving people with the syringe and passing out heal packs (in addition to shooting everything that moves with my m-60).
The only thing that is really missing from the whole set (BC2 and Vietnam) is general Death Match. I like the squad thing and it's cool, but I'd like to get the old "Quake" style play back where it's a free-for-all kill anything that moves thing as well. If you are going to have options they should have them all 🙂
Anyway loads of great fun, I'd give it a solid 4 out of 5 stars. Good job EA. The only left to say is… if any of you n00bz see Reviewboardcom, Purely Epic, or Tanis online hope you are on the same team… cuz you are going to get PWNED!! This game is available on PC, XBOX 360, and PS/3.


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Happy Chinese New Year!
The Chinese New Year of Boar is coming and today is the New Year Eve (of the current Year of Dog).
May I convey my best wishes to all of you here and "Kung Hei Fat Choy" (Wish You Earn Much Money) in the coming new year!
The Narcissus is one of the lucky flowers of the Chinese New Year. This year, and for the first time, I attempted to plant it myself from scratch instead of buying the grown one from the flower market.
Actually, I learnt the method from a Yahoo Chinese Blog for how to do it and I think my this small "project" has been successful :-)
Last but not least, one of my new year wishes is still the hope for a true 10MP DSLR performer from Pentax! Last year, I think the true performer is actually the K100D.
Okay, I guess my Blog will not be updated until the PMA (starting from 26/2 for 3 days as usual?). In Chinese traditional wording: 歲晚收爐,初九啟市! (Closed during the New Year and will be re-opened on the 9th day of the New Year, i.e., 26/2)
[Picture Info]: K100D + FA 43 Limited @f/8, 1.5s, ISO 200, mounted on tripod, SR off; shot taken under diffused daylight indoor today ( today's weather is cloudy and misty :-( )


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Electron microscope cross-section image of the nerve fibres (axons) of the optic nerve. Axons are surrounded by
… [more]
Oligodendrocytes are a group of highly specialised glial cells in the central nervous system. They are responsible for the formation of the fat-rich myelin sheath that surrounds the nerve fibres as an insulating layer. The comparison with the coating on electricity cables is an obvious one; however, myelin can do much more than act as the insulating layer on electricity cables: it increases the transmission speed of the axons and also reduces ongoing energy consumption. The extreme importance of myelin for a functioning nervous system is shown by the diseases that arise from a defective insulating layer, such as multiple sclerosis
Interestingly, the function of the oligodendrocytes goes far beyond the mere provision of myelin. Klaus-Armin Nave and his team at the Max Planck Institute in Göttingen already succeeded in demonstrating years ago that healthy glial cells are also essential for the long-term function and survival of the axons themselves, irrespective of myelination. "The way in which the oligodendrocytes functionally support their associated axons was not clear to us up to now," says Nave. In a new study, the researchers were able to show that the glial cells are involved in, among other things, the replenishment of energy in the nerve fibres. "They could be described as the petrol stations on the data highway of the axons," says Nave, explaining the results.
But how does the energy refuelling work? Is there a metabolic connection between the oligodendrocytes and axons? To find out, Ursula Fünfschilling generated genetically modified mice: the function of the mitochondria was deliberately disrupted in the oligodendrocytes through the inactivation of the Cox10 gene. This affects the final stages of sugar breakdown taking place in the mitochondria where energy is harnessed – a process known as the respiratory chain. If a link in this chain is missing, in this instance cytochrome oxidase, which is only functional when cells have the enzyme Cox10, the glial cells gradually lose the capacity for cell respiration in their mitochondria. "Without independent breathing, the manipulated glial cells of the nervous systems should have died," explains the scientist. That is, unless the low level of energy harnessed from the splitting of the glucose to form pyruvate or milk acid, a process known as glycolysis, is sufficient for them.
And this is precisely what the scientists observed in their mice: the animals' myelin was initially formed in the normal way. The loss of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which started at this point, did not appear to affect the glial cells in the central nervous system. Even one year later, there were no neurodegenerative changes in the brain to be observed. The scientists assume that in the early weeks of life – a phase characterised by maximum energy requirement – the mutated oligodendrocytes still rely on many intact mitochondria. All of the more mature oligodendrocytes later appear to reduce the mitochondrial respiration and set it to energy generation through increased glycolysis. This has the advantage in healthy glial cells that the metabolic products which arise during the breaking down of glucose can be used as components for myelin synthesis. In addition, the lactic acid that arises in the oligodendrocytes can be given to the axons where it can be used to produce energy with the help of the axon's own mitochondria.
"The complete loss of the respiratory chain in the deliberately modified oligodendrocytes probably elevates a developmental step that unfolds naturally," explains Nave. Thus the loss of glial mitochondria does not result in the deterioration of the energy supply to the axons but, conversely, to an oversupply of exploitable lactic acid. The affected nerve pathways themselves have no problem demonstrably in metabolising the lactic acid from oligodendrocytes. Transport proteins ensure the rapid transfer of the lactic acid between the oligodendrocytes and their myelinated axons.
This finding provides a new understanding of the role of oligodendrocytes: in addition to their known significance for myelinisation, they can directly provide the axons with glucose products that can be used as fuel with the help of axonal mitochondria in periods of high activity. This coupling of glial cells could explain, among other things, why in many myelin diseases, for example multiple sclerosis, the affected demyelinised axons often suffer irreversible damage.
Prof. Klaus-Armin Nave Ph.D.
Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine
Phone: +49 551 3899-757
Fax: +49 551 3899-758
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Dr. Ursula Fünfschilling
Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine
Phone: +49 55 1389-9131
Email: email@example.com


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Sporting News MLB awards: John Farrell, Clint Hurdle voted top managers
John Farrell of the Boston Red Sox and Clint Hurdle of the Pittsburgh Pirates are Sporting News' 2013 AL and NL Managers of the Year, respectively, as selected by a panel of 19 major league managers.
Both men took teams that finished below .500 in 2012 and led them to postseason berths this season.
Farrell was hired away from the Toronto Blue Jays last offseason to lead the Red Sox after a disastrous 2012. Under manager Bobby Valentine, Boston lost more than 90 games for the first time since 1966 and finished in last place in the AL East.
The team showed dramatic improvement under Farrell, who was the Red Sox pitching coach from 2007 to 2010. Boson finished the 2013 regular season with a league-best 97-65 record and won the AL pennant Saturday by beating the Detroit Tigers in the ALCS.
The Red Sox went from fifth in the league in runs scored in 2012 (734) to first this season (853). Their earned runs allowed decreased from 754 to 613.
"We're not going to run from our strengths. ... We pride ourselves on being consistent, and that's how we deal with guys in our clubhouse or how we approach the game," Farrell told Sporting News. "And that's put us in the position that we've been able to play in October. We're not going to deviate from that."
SN AWARDS: AL Rookie of Year | NL Rookie of Year | Comeback players of year
While the Red Sox came back from a bad season, Hurdle's Pirates rebounded from more than two decades of futility.
Pittsburgh hadn't had a winning season (or a playoff appearance) since 1992, the longest such streak in North American team sports. In 2012, they finished 79-83 following a terrible stretch run.
Hurdle & Co. erased all that in 2013, finishing the season 94-68 and capturing the NL's No. 1 wild card spot. The Bucs beat the Cincinnati Reds in the Wild Card Game before bowing to the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLDS.
— Sporting News selects the most beloved player for every MLB team
The Pirates' main strength was pitching and defense. They were third in the league in team ERA (3.27), second in hits allowed (1,299) and first in saves (55). They also ranked among the league leaders in double plays, assists and putouts.
"We get asked a lot about what we can't do, but we've done enough to win a number of games," Hurdle told Sporting News during the NLDS. "And it's basically been predicated on pitching and defense. And that still wins games. It's an old-school mentality and some of our guys have actually bought into that. There's a lot of new things going on, but they call it 'old school' for a reason. I don't hear the tune 'new school' bouncing off the walls in any clubhouse. And I think our guys have just gotten real good with good old-fashioned effort and grit. That's been a formula that's played well for us."
Sporting News started awarding an MLB Manager of the Year award in 1936. In 1986, the award was split between AL and NL winners.
Previous Red Sox winners were Jimy Williams (1989), John McNamara (1986), Darrell Johnson (1975) and Dick Williams (1967). Pirate managers to receive the award were Jim Leyland (1992, 1990, 1988), Danny Murtaugh (1970, 1960) and Billy Meyer (1948).
Sporting News national MLB writer Jesse Spector contributed to this story.
American League (voting by only AL managers)
1. John Farrell, Boston Red Sox-5
2. Terry Francona, Cleveland Indians-3
3. Bob Melvin, Oakland A's-1
4. Ron Washington, Texas Rangers-1
National League (voting by only NL managers)
1. Clint Hurdle, Pittsburgh Pirates-5
2. Fredi Gonzalez, Atlanta Braves-3
3. Mike Matheny, St. Louis Cardinals-1
Monday: AL and NL Rookies of the Year and AL and NL Comeback Players of the Year
Tuesday: AL and NL Managers of the Year
Wednesday: AL and NL All-Star Teams
Thursday: MLB Player of the Year


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Welcome to the
Peasedown St John
Methodist Church Website
We extend the love of Jesus Christ to you and invite you to join with us through this site, or in the various church programmes and activities, or in opportunities for worship, in learning how Christ loves and how that love may grow within us and through us.
If you have visited us we trust you have experienced the presence of God and sensed the friendliness of the People.
Our goal as a church is to love as Christ loved and to respond to the gospel of God's love in Christ through its variety of worship services, through spiritual development, outreach and mission.
We would like to know you better and would encourage you to contact us by email or better still come and visit us, we would love that.


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With the music industry pulling its belt tighter than Jarvis Cocker's loosest notch and artist development becoming as antiquated as the mini disc, the only way for a buzz band to survive past their anticipated debut these days is to take matters into their own hands.
Critically applauded for their debut album Workout Holiday, White Denim's follow-up Fits, a chaotic mix that indulged the band's extreme avant-garde jazz and funk leanings received a less than favourable reception. With the prospect of going back to their day jobs and treating White Denim as a 'weekend band', instead of spending their final free summer in last year getting trashed and catching-up on Judge Judy, the band went into drummer Josh Block's home studio one last time and recorded the aptly titled Last Days Of Summer over one month and then gave it away for free.
A year on, another album later (this year's critically lauded D) and Last Days Of Summer finally gets a proper bells and whistles release and it's safe to say that, with the band not back working nine-to-five and another album behind them, it's not a stinker. Actually, it's far from it, showcasing the band's first flirtations with the more focussed and accessible sound that was fully-realised on D; the instruments, rather than competing for attention like on their previous efforts, fit neatly into one solid structure and James' once gnarled vocals have been soothed to a honey-hued Wilson bros tone.
'Home Together' with a jaunty hook and deep rhythm, takes you back to the hot summer in Austin when they recorded it; 'Tony Fatti' snatches your attention as James' pleading vocals cruise along with Steve Terebecki's familial dancing rhythms on a coastal drive. The band's clear evolution in sound is poignantly show on opener 'I'd Have It Just The Way We Were', which originally featured on Fits and is here reworked with the hard jazz and percussion sanded down and the doe-eyed melodies played-up.
Last Days Of Summer may have a more palatable sound, - it still dips sporadically into funk, soul, jazz and rock. 'Some Wild Going Outward' mixes an out of control bass with rustling country rhythms and 'Shy Billy' is pure silky soft soul. Forming a minimal jazz interlude to the broader narrative of the album and letting the band flexing their musical muscle is 'Incaviglia' and 'Light Light Light' with saxophonist Alex Coke guesting on the latter to further disorientate the free-falling structures.
This time, what stops the band from descending into a 40 minute jam is that the structures of each song allows every instrument to have its place rather than all of them competing for attention at the top of the mix. Also, unlike the howled sloganeering and freak-outs of Fits ('El Hard Attack DCWYW', anyone?) the melodies and lyrics of LDS are more grounded; James sings rather than shouts and the words tell a clear narrative. 'If Your Changing' has a beautiful harmony as James' relays the fears of an uncertain future and 'Champ' is playfully self-referential.
White Denim may have not been granted an internship by the music industry, but their own self-imposed summer vacation has certainly paid off. Last Days Of Summer marks the point where White Denim left behind their schizophrenia and started speaking in one voice.
8Marie Wood's Score


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Quote:The evidence is apparently not there in the post-mortem tox-screen, though.
Quote: True, which means nothing. Not all screens reveal compounds such as dbol, or others, which is out of the system in a couple weeks max. As for elevated levels of testosterone, considering test wasn't an illegal drug, why would they do a specific screen searching for it? Answer: They wouldn't and didn't. And I'm not saying he was a long time user, other than he probably used at one point. That's all.
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Virginia Reckless Driving Defense Lawyer
In Virginia, Reckless driving is classified as a class 1 misdemeanor carrying a potential maximum of one year in jail, $2,500.00 in fines, and potentially a suspension of your driver's license.
Virginia Reckless driving is a serious charge. Counting on the knowledge of an experienced, high quality Virginia reckless driving defense attorney is extremely important to protect your freedom, your finances, and even your privilege to drive in Virginia.
A Virginia reckless driving lawyer will aggressively defend your case. As your Virginia attorney, our firm will verify that the device used to measure your speed and the methods used to measure your speed, whether radar, laser, or pace, complies with all the statutory requirements. If a requirement is not met, we will aggressively fight to have the Virginia reckless driving charge dismissed.
A Virginia reckless driving defense attorney also understands that sometimes you may need to negotiate an outcome for your Virginia reckless driving charge. There are times when a good defense lawyer's job is to make a bad situation better. As such, we are experienced in resolving reckless driving charges… sometimes a reduction to speeding, improper driving, defective equipment, failure to obey a highway sign, or other similar resolution is appropriate for your Virginia reckless driving ticket… Sometimes it's best to fight…. We will provide you with candid legal advice and you will have the last word on whether to resolve or go to trial for your Virginia reckless driving charge.
The most common forms of reckless driving in Virginia are:
- Virginia reckless driving from speeding 20mph or more over the posted speed limit or speeding over 80 mph in Virginia
- Virginia reckless driving from driving recklessly or at a speed or in a manner so as to endanger the life, limb, or property in Virginia
- Virginia reckless driving from passing a stopped school bus
- Virginia reckless driving from overtaking or passing an emergency vehicle
- Virginia reckless driving from racing
- Virginia reckless driving from driving two abreast in a single lane
- Virginia reckless driving from passing two vehicles abreast
- Virginia reckless driving from failing to give proper signal
- Virginia reckless driving from failure to yield right of way when entering highway
- Virginia reckless driving from an overloaded vehicle as to obstruct or interfere with the driver's control
- Virginia reckless driving from passing another vehicle at a railroad grade crossing
- Virginia reckless driving from driving too fast for traffic conditions
- Virginia reckless driving from improper brakes or a vehicle not under proper control
Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from speeding 20+ over the posted speed limit or speeding over 80 mph in Virginia
This is perhaps the most frequently charged variety of Virginia reckless driving. Many of our clients are initially shocked to discover that although they were traveling with the flow of traffic and even going at a slower speed than other vehicles, they were still caught driving in excess of 80 mph and charged with reckless driving.
§ 46.2-862. Exceeding speed limit – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a motor vehicle on the highways in the Commonwealth (i) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or more in excess of the applicable maximum speed limit where the applicable speed limit is thirty miles per hour or less, (ii) at a speed of sixty miles per hour or more where the applicable maximum speed limit is thirty-five miles per hour, (iii) at a speed of twenty miles per hour or more in excess of the applicable maximum speed limits where the applicable maximum speed limit is forty miles per hour or more, or (iv) in excess of eighty miles per hour regardless of the applicable maximum speed limit
Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from driving recklessly or at a speed or in a manner so as to endanger the life, limb, or property in Virginia
§ 46.2-852. Reckless driving; general rule – Irrespective of the maximum speeds permitted by law, any person who drives a vehicle on any highway recklessly or at a speed or in a manner so as to endanger the life, limb, or property of any person shall be guilty of reckless driving.
But how does the Virginia Code define the degree of negligence required to support a reckless driving conviction in Virginia? What if an accident occurs? Are the happening of an accident, intoxication, or careless driving sufficient to rise to the level of recklessness required to support a conviction for reckless driving in Virginia? The Virginia Court of Appeals had an opportunity to address some of these issues.
501 S.E.2d 438
27 Va.App. 720
Henry Adolphus THOMPSON
COMMONWEALTH of Virginia.
Record No. 1498-97-3.
Court of Appeals of Virginia,
July 7, 1998.
Page 439
[27 Va.App. 722] Margaret A. Nelson, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.
Donald E. Jeffrey, III, Assistant Attorney General (Mark L. Earley, Attorney General; Leah A. Darron, Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Present: BRAY, OVERTON and BUMGARDNER, JJ.
BRAY, Judge.
Henry Adolphus Thompson (defendant) was convicted in a bench trial for reckless driving and feloniously driving after having been adjudicated an habitual offender, violations of Code §§ 46.2-852 and 46.2-357(B)(2), respectively. On appeal, defendant complains that the evidence was insufficient to support the convictions. We agree and reverse and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Under familiar principles, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, granting to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. Higginbotham v. Commonwealth, 216 Va. 349, 352, 218 S.E.2d 534, 537 (1975).
On January 1, 1997, Lynchburg Police Officer M.R. Gillispie was dispatched to a single car accident at 12th and Federal Streets. Upon arrival, Gillispie found an automobile crashed into a utility pole and medical personnel treating a passenger for "severe head injuries." Neither the driver nor other occupants of the vehicle were at the scene, but Gillispie soon learned that another officer had detained a suspect a "couple blocks from the accident." Gillispie proceeded immediately to that location and encountered defendant, bleeding from a "visible cut to his face and nose and … complaining of chest pain," injuries "consistent with the crushed steering wheel and the face print on the driver's side windshield." Gillispie also observed that defendant's eyes were "glassy," he was "unsteady on his feet," and emitted "a strong odor of alcohol." [27 Va.App. 723] When defendant was unable to successfully perform a series of field sobriety tests, Gillispie arrested him for driving under the influence of alcohol. 1
Subsequent to arrest, defendant stated he drove the vehicle at the time of the accident, "because the others were too drunk," and "had been an habitual offender for about ten years." Although he denied drinking alcohol after the accident, defendant admitted consuming "about four beers and two shots of liquor" sometime previously, at an unnamed location on Federal Street.
At trial, the court, after accepting defendant's guilty plea to leaving the scene of the accident in violation of Code § 46.2-894, convicted him upon pleas of not guilty to reckless driving and felonious endangerment by an habitual offender, the instant offenses. On appeal, defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support the latter convictions.
I. Reckless Driving
Code § 46.2-852 provides, in pertinent part, that "any person who drives a vehicle on any highway recklessly or at a speed in a manner so as to endanger the life, limb, or property of any person shall be
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guilty of reckless driving." Code § 46.2-852. "The word 'recklessly' as used in the statute imparts a disregard by the driver of a motor vehicle for the consequences of his act and an indifference to the safety of life, limb or property." Powers v. Commonwealth, 211 Va. 386, 388, 177 S.E.2d 628, 630 (1970). "The essence of the offense … lies not in the act of operating a vehicle, but in the manner and circumstances of its operation." Id.; Hall v. Commonwealth, 25 Va.App. 352, 355, 488 S.E.2d 651, 653 [27 Va.App. 724] 1997). Thus, "[t]he mere happening of an accident does not give rise to an inference of reckless driving." Powers, 211 Va. at 388, 177 S.E.2d at 630. To convict, the Commonwealth must "prove every essential element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt," with evidence which excludes "every reasonable hypothesis of innocence and … consistent only with … guilt…." Id. at 388, 177 S.E.2d at 629.
In Hall, we considered the import of intoxication evidence in a prosecution for reckless driving. Hall was discovered by police " 'passed out' behind the wheel" of an automobile stopped in a heavily traveled roadway, with "ignition switch and headlights … on and … indicator lights … illuminated." Hall smelled of alcohol, was confused, unsteady, slurred in speech and admitted "driving" the vehicle. However, the record was silent with respect to the "manner and circumstances" of Hall's driving. Hall, 25 Va.App. at 355, 488 S.E.2d at 653. Guided by Powers, we concluded that such "circumstances … do not give rise to an inference that [defendant] drove … in a reckless manner." Id. In reversing the conviction, the panel noted that " 'evidence of intoxication is a factor that might bear upon proof of dangerousness or reckless driving in a given case,' " but " 'does not, of itself, prove reckless driving.' ' "One may be both drunk and reckless … [or] reckless though not drunk …[, or] under the influence of intoxicants and yet drive carefully." ' " Id. at 355 n. 3, 488 S.E.2d at 653 n. 3 (quoting Bishop v. Commonwealth, 20 Va.App. 206, 210, 455 S.E.2d 765, 767 (1995)).
Here, assuming, without deciding, that the evidence proved defendant had been driving the car while intoxicated at the time of the collision, it establishes little else. The record does not disclose the time of the accident, the manner in which defendant drove the car, his blood alcohol level, the road conditions, weather, traffic controls, or other circumstances probative of a Code § 46.2-852 violation. Reckless driving is not a status offense, and defendant cannot be convicted upon "speculation and conjecture as to what caused [him] to lose [27 Va.App. 725] control of the car." Powers, 211 Va. at 389, 177 S.E.2d at 630. Thus, under the instant facts, we find the evidence insufficient to support a conviction for reckless driving. 2
II. Habitual Offender Endangerment
Code § 46.2-357(B)(2) elevates driving by an habitual offender from a misdemeanor to a felony when "such driving … of itself endangers the life, limb, or property of another," Code § 46.2-357 (emphasis added), "language virtually identical to that found in the statute defining reckless driving." Bishop, 20 Va.App. at 211, 455 S.E.2d at 767; Code § 46.2-852. Hence, we also find the evidence insufficient to support a finding of felonious habitual offender endangerment and reverse the conviction. However, because the record clearly establishes that defendant violated Code § 46.2-357(B)(1), the misdemeanor offense, we remand for further proceedings, if the Commonwealth be so advised. Gorham v. Commonwealth, 15 Va.App. 673, 678-79, 426 S.E.2d 493, 497 (1993).
Reversed and remanded.
1 Defendant was found not guilty of driving under the influence by the general district court. Although evidence of intoxication was presented during the instant trial for reckless driving, the record does not disclose defendant's blood alcohol content, and the trial court did not find that he was intoxicated either at the time of the accident or arrest.
2 The Commonwealth mistakenly relies upon Kennedy v. Commonwealth, 1 Va.App. 469, 339 S.E.2d 905 (1986), as support for the inference that proof of defendant's intoxication sufficiently explained the accident. In Kennedy, the evidence clearly supported the inference that the accused "fell asleep at the wheel," resulting in a collision. Id. at 472, 339 S.E.2d at 907. Manifestly, driving a vehicle while sleeping evinces the disregard for the life, limb and property contemplated by Code § 46.2-852.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from passing a stopped school bus
§ 46.2-859. Passing a stopped school bus; prima facie evidence – A person is guilty of reckless driving who fails to stop, when approaching from any direction, any school bus which is stopped on any highway, private road or school driveway for the purpose of taking on or discharging children, the elderly, or mentally or physically handicapped persons, and to remain stopped until all the persons are clear of the highway, private road or school driveway and the bus is put in motion. The driver of a vehicle, however, need not stop when approaching a school bus if the school bus is stopped on the other roadway of a divided highway, on an access road, or on a driveway when the other roadway, access road, or driveway is separated from the roadway on which he is driving by a physical barrier or an unpaved area. The driver of a vehicle also need not stop when approaching a school bus which is loading or discharging passengers from or onto property immediately adjacent to a school if the driver is directed by a law-enforcement officer or other duly authorized uniformed school crossing guard to pass the school bus. This section shall apply to school buses which are equipped with warning devices prescribed in § 46.2-1090 and are painted yellow with the words "School Bus" in black letters at least eight inches high on the front and rear thereof. Only school buses which are painted yellow and equipped with the required lettering and warning devices shall be identified as school buses.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from overtaking or passing an emergency vehicle
§ 46.2-829. Approach of law-enforcement or fire-fighting vehicles, rescue vehicles, or ambulances; violation as failure to yield right-of-way – Upon the approach of any emergency vehicle as defined in § 46.2-920 giving audible signal by siren, exhaust whistle, or air horn designed to give automatically intermittent signals, and displaying a flashing, blinking, or alternating emergency light or lights as provided in §§ 46.2-1022 through 46.2-1024, the driver of every other vehicle shall, as quickly as traffic and other highway conditions permit, drive to the nearest edge of the roadway, clear of any intersection of highways, and stop and remain there, unless otherwise directed by a law-enforcement officer, until the emergency vehicle has passed. This provision shall not relieve the driver of any such vehicle to which the right-of-way is to be yielded of the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons using the highway, nor shall it protect the driver of any such vehicle from the consequences of an arbitrary exercise of such right-of-way. Violation of this section shall constitute failure to yield the right-of-way; however, any violation of this section that involves overtaking or passing a moving emergency vehicle giving an audible signal and displaying activated warning lights as provided for in this section shall constitute reckless driving, punishable as provided in § 46.2-868.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from racing
This is one of the most serious forms of reckless driving accusations in Virginia. If convicted of reckless driving because of racing, the court will impose a minimum driver's license suspension of not less than six months in addition to the traditional Virginia reckless driving potential penalties such as jail time and steep Virginia reckless driving fines.
§ 46.2-865. Racing; penalty – Any person who engages in a race between two or more motor vehicles on the highways in the Commonwealth or on any driveway or premises of a church, school, recreational facility, or business property open to the public in the Commonwealth shall be guilty of reckless driving, unless authorized by the owner of the property or his agent. When any person is convicted of reckless driving under this section, in addition to any other penalties provided by law the driver's license of such person shall be suspended by the court for a period of not less than six months nor more than two years. In case of conviction the court shall order the surrender of the license to the court where it shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of § 46.2-398.
Sometimes Virginia reckless driving charges, including those associated with racing can be reduced to improper driving, a traffic infraction. This resolution is only available when the degree of negligence is slight.
Record No. 2395-04-3.
Court of Appeals of Virginia, Salem.
March 28, 2006.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the City of Staunton, Humes J. Franklin, Jr., Judge.
Frankie C. Coyner for appellant.
(Judith W. Jagdmann, Attorney General; Josephine F. Whalen, Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for appellee. Appellee submitting on brief.
Present: Judges Benton, Clements and Kelsey,
The sole issue to be decided on this appeal is whether the evidence was sufficient to prove James Edward Bayne guilty of improper driving as proscribed by Code § 46.2-869. We hold that it was.
Police Officer Chad Nestor was parked in his police cruiser at approximately 11:00 p.m. when he heard a "very loud" exhaust and then noticed two cars accelerating on a city street side by side. Officer Nestor described further his initial observation:
They were both side by side as they left through the intersection when I looked up. They were accelerating — you could tell that they weren't what you call normally pulling out of the — from the light, like a normal person would drive from the intersection. They were neck and neck going as fast — really fast going down towards downtown.
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Though he was not certain of the cars' actual speeds, Officer Nestor believed that both cars were traveling in excess of the posted 35 miles-per-hour speed limit.
Officer Nestor followed the cars and lost sight of them as they "rounded [a] turn." When he saw the cars again, one car had accelerated past the other. Officer Nestor testified that he had to accelerate "pretty good" to catch the cars. When he did, he directed the lead car to stop in a parking lot, continued until he caught the next car, and directed the driver of the second car to the parking lot where the other car waited. Officer Nestor obtained identifications from both drivers. James Edward Bayne was the driver of the first car Officer Nestor stopped. When he asked Bayne to explain what he was doing, Bayne said that he was "just playing around." Officer Nestor issued a summons to Bayne for racing, a reckless driving offense in violation of Code § 46.2-865.
Bayne testified he was driving a car his brother had purchased earlier that day and he was driving it for the first time. Bayne recalled that he was traveling approximately 35 to 40 miles per hour when he approached the area where Officer Nestor was parked, but said he could not "quite remember [his speed]." He testified that he thought he slowed a bit when he saw the officer's car and that he and the other driver, whom he denied knowing, both stopped at an intersection near the lot in which Officer Nestor was parked. Bayne denied having a loud muffler on his car and speeding away when the traffic light changed. He also denied making any statements to Officer Nestor.
The trial judge found that the two cars were moving fast down the city street "side by side," and he accepted as true the officer's testimony that Bayne said he was fooling around. The judge convicted Bayne of improper driving and imposed a fine.
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Code § 46.2-865, the statute charged in the summons, provides in part that "[a]ny person who engages in a race between two or more motor vehicles on the highways . . . shall be guilty of reckless driving." The statute proscribing improper driving provides as follows:
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this article, upon the trial of any person charged with reckless driving where the degree of culpability is slight, the court in its discretion may find the accused not guilty of reckless driving but guilty of improper driving . . . . Improper driving shall be punishable as a traffic infraction punishable by a fine of not more than $500.
Code § 46.2-869. To sustain a conviction for improper driving, the evidence must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Bayne notes that "he was not charged with speeding." He argues that Officer Nestor could not testify with certainty about the speed of the cars and, therefore, that no evidence proved his driving endangered life, limb, or property. The Commonwealth argues that the manner and circumstances in which Bayne operated the car proved he drove improperly.
Officer Nestor testified the posted speed was 35 miles per hour. He also testified that Bayne's speed was "really fast" based on his observation of Bayne's car and his pursuit to stop the cars.
"An estimate of the speed at which an automobile was moving at a given time is generally viewed as a matter of common observation rather than expert opinion, and it is accordingly well settled that any person of ordinary experience, ability, and intelligence having the means or opportunity of observation, whether an expert or nonexpert, and without proof of further qualification may express an opinion as to how fast an automobile which came under his observation was going at a particular time . . . . Speed of an automobile is not a matter of exclusive knowledge or skill, but anyone with a knowledge of time and distance is a competent witness to give an estimate; the opportunity and extent of observation goes to the weight of the testimony."
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Greenway v. Commonwealth, 254 Va. 147, 152, 487 S.E.2d 224, 227 (1997) (quoting Moore v. Lewis, 201 Va. 522, 525, 111 S.E.2d 788, 790 (1960) (citations omitted)).
The evidence that the trial judge accepted to be true was the officer's testimony that the cars moved away from the traffic light "accelerating . . . neck and neck going . . . really fast." The quality of the officer's observations was a matter of credibility. Greenway, 254 Va. at 152, 487 S.E.2d at 227. In addition to this evidence of unusual speed by two cars accelerating from a stopped position, the evidence also proved Bayne acknowledged to the officer that he was "just playing around."
The trial judge was not required to accept as credible Bayne's testimony that he saw the officer's car in the parking lot and, therefore, did not speedily drive from the traffic light or that he did not tell the officer he was engaged in frivolity with the other driver. This was a credibility determination that properly rests with the trial judge as the fact finder. Sawyer v. Commonwealth, 43 Va. App. 42, 53, 596 S.E.2d 81, 86 (2004) (holding that we defer to the fact finder's determination that the witness' self-serving testimony is not worthy of belief). "Where the trier of fact believes a witness has knowingly testified falsely in any material fact, he has a right to give the testimony such weight and credit as in his opinion it was entitled." Kennedy v. Commonwealth, 1 Va. App. 469, 472, 339 S.E.2d 905, 907 (1986). The trial judge resolved the conflicts in the evidence against Bayne.
Bayne argues that the conviction was based on speculation and failed to satisfy the standard announced Bacon v. Commonwealth, 220 Va. 766, 263 S.E.2d 390 (1980). We disagree. In Bacon, the defendant's explanation of the events that led to a conviction for improper driving was "not contradicted." 220 Va. at 768, 263 S.E.2d at 391. The defendant testified that he "was forced off the highway by another vehicle . . . [and] was confronted with a sudden emergency that was not caused by his own negligence." Id. Reversing the conviction for
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improper driving, the Supreme Court held that "the mere fact that an accident happened . . . does not give rise to an inference . . . of improper driving." Id. at 769, 263 S.E.2d at 392. In view of the uncontradicted evidence, the conviction in Bacon was supported only by "speculat[ion] . . . that [the accident] was due to excessive speed, to inattention by the driver, or to alcohol." Id.
In this case, however, Officer Nestor's testimony was credible evidence that the speed at which Bayne was traveling was improper under the circumstances. The officer's testimony of the manner in which the cars quickly accelerated from the traffic light, driving side-by-side and the evidence of Bayne's admission of "playing around" while he was accelerating and driving beside the other car were sufficient to prove that the manner and circumstances of Bayne's driving conduct was unsafe. See Hale v. Commonwealth, 23 Va. App. 587, 591, 478 S.E.2d 710, 711-12 (1996) (holding that improper driving includes failure to operate a vehicle in a safe manner and under control). We hold that this evidence proved beyond a reasonable doubt improper driving.
For these reasons, we affirm the conviction.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from driving two abreast in a single lane
§ 46.2-857. Driving two abreast in a single lane – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives any motor vehicle, including any motorcycle, so as to be abreast of another vehicle in a lane designed for one vehicle, or drives any motor vehicle, including any motorcycle, so as to travel abreast of any other vehicle traveling in a lane designed for one vehicle. However, this section shall not apply to any validly authorized parade, motorcade, or motorcycle escort, nor shall it apply to a motor vehicle traveling in the same lane of traffic as a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from passing two vehicles abreast
§ 46.2-856. Passing two vehicles abreast – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who passes or attempts to pass two other vehicles abreast, moving in the same direction, except on highways having separate roadways of three or more lanes for each direction of travel, or on designated one-way streets or highways. This section shall not apply, however, to a motor vehicle passing two other vehicles when one or both of such other vehicles is a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped; nor shall this section apply to a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, or moped passing two other vehicles.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from failing to give proper signal
§ 46.2-860. Failing to give proper signals – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who fails to give adequate and timely signals of intention to turn, partly turn, slow down, or stop, as required by Article 6 (§ 46.2-848 et seq.) of this chapter.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from failure to yield right of way when entering highway
§ 46.2-863. Failure to yield right-of-way – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who fails to bring his vehicle to a stop immediately before entering a highway from a side road when there is traffic approaching on such highway within 500 feet of such point of entrance, unless (i) a "Yield Right-of-Way" sign is posted or (ii) where such sign is posted, fails, upon entering such highway, to yield the right-of-way to the driver of a vehicle approaching on such highway from either direction.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from an overloaded vehicle as to obstruct or interfere with the driver's control
§ 46.2-855. Driving with driver's view obstructed or control impaired – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a vehicle when it is so loaded, or when there are in the front seat such number of persons, as to obstruct the view of the driver to the front or sides of the vehicle or to interfere with the driver's control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from passing another vehicle at a railroad grade crossing
§ 46.2-858. Passing at a railroad grade crossing – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who overtakes or passes any other vehicle proceeding in the same direction at any railroad grade crossing or at any intersection of highways unless such vehicles are being operated on a highway having two or more designated lanes of roadway for each direction of travel or unless such intersection is designated and marked as a passing zone or on a designated one-way street or highway, or while pedestrians are passing or about to pass in front of either of such vehicles, unless permitted so to do by a traffic light or law-enforcement officer.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from driving too fast for traffic conditions
§ 46.2-861. Driving too fast for highway and traffic conditions – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who exceeds a reasonable speed under the circumstances and traffic conditions existing at the time, regardless of any posted speed limit.
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Virginia reckless driving charges resulting from improper brakes or a vehicle not under proper control
§ 46.2-853. Driving vehicle which is not under control; faulty brakes – A person shall be guilty of reckless driving who drives a vehicle which is not under proper control or which has inadequate or improperly adjusted brakes on any highway in the Commonwealth.
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Our Virginia reckless driving attorneys have handled hundreds of reckless driving tickets in Virginia. We have an impressive track record of accomplishment in reckless driving ticket defense and can provide you with representation.
Contact a Virginia reckless driving attorney.
Virginia (VA) criminal defense, divorce, child custody, reckless driving, dui and federal court attorneyrepresenting clients throughout Virginia. Some of the jurisdictions served include:
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Browsing Research documents by Author "Larimo, Jorma"
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the internationalization pattern of large companies from Denmark, Finland and NorwayBenito, Gabriel R.G.; Larimo, Jorma; Narula, Rajneesh; Pedersen, Torben (København, 2001)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Analyzing the internationalization of large companies from small countries requires understanding the process of internationalization by examining the interface between micro (firm strategies) and macro (the forces of centripetal and centrifugal) level factors. We examine the growth and international expansion of the ten largest companies in Denmark, Finland, and Norway over the period 1990 to 1999. Most companies in the sample became more international during the last decade across basically all the investigated dimensions of internationalization. This was particularly accentuated in the case of Norwegian firms, possibly due to their lower degree of internationalization at the beginning of the period. The study also shows that companies mainly have internationalized their operations activities, while such strategic activities as research and development activities and headquarters functions to a much larger extent are kept in the home country. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6586
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