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- Improved Cluster Support with fine-grained data per Diameter Application;
- Support for more 3GPP Applications (Gq', Rx, Gx, S6a) and improved/updated existing;
- Support for Diameter RELAY / PROXY / REDIRECT Agents;
- Performance improvement of over 9 times (now handling up to 9000 requests/second in Dev Machine, C2D @ 3.06GHz / 4GB RAM, no special setup);
- Added several configuration parameters to optimize for different scenarios (regular usage vs high load vs small footprint, etc);
- 100+ miscellaneous fixes to improve overall compliance and stability of the Mobicents Diameter Stack and it's JAIN SLEE Resource Adaptors;
- Also important, Mobicents (including Diameter) license has changed from GPL to LGPL, which is generally good news for the users!
Still, there's a lot of work and improvements to be done for the upcoming 1.4.x series. To name a few:
- Support for TLS security in Mobicents Diameter Stack (existing in 1.4.0.FINAL as experimental);
- Support for SCTP transport in Mobicents Diameter Stack (initial patch already contributed);
- Support pluggable Load Balancing algorithms for Mobicents Diameter Stack; Integrate with Mobicents Load Balancer;
- Create integration/real-world examples, eg, integrate with Mobicents JAIN SLEE B2BUA, continue work on Mobicents HSS and integrate it with Mobicents SIP Presence;
- Improve documentation for developers using Mobicents Diameter Stack;
As you can see, there's a lot that has been improved but there's also a lot more to improve on, with our ambition aiming higher. Feel free to help us with your feedback and contributions to a better Mobicents Diameter!


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When MLB spectator Susan Rhodes was struck by a broken bat at a Dodgers game in 2008, it broke her jaw and set off an investigation into the alarming number of bats (750 in 3 months) that shattered that season.
The investigation was headed up by the U.S. Forest service and cost a relatively cheap $500,000 to complete. The results, nevertheless, were pretty profound.
Two things were to blame for the brittle bats used in the 2008 MLB season: Maple wood and the cut of the grain. In previous seasons, ash was the preferred wood, and 2008 represented the year the MLB switched over to more maple than ash. Ironically, maple was selected over ash because it was deemed to be more durable.
As for the grain, the lines are supposed run along the shaft in a straight top to bottom fashion. When they don't the mistake is easily spotted and addressed—so long as the wood is ash. With maple the discrepancy is extremely hard to spot.
In the wake of the report, the MLB has required all maple bats include a black dot on the handle. The ink allows the manufacturer to see any grain discrepancies with the angle of the grain. In the 2009, the year the mandate took effect, broken bat incidents were down 30 percent, and have decreased each season to the present.
Now all they have to do is partner with someone who can help investigate why the games are so long and boring. [Discover]

subset: commoncrawl


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Bush Hog®
MS1300X PTO Driven Manure Spreader
MS-P Series
PTO Driven – For vehicles with PTO power.
PTO DRIVE MS-P SERIES manure spreaders offer increased power and spreading consistency combined with ease of use. PTO DRIVE models harness the power of your tractor to deliver capacities of 50, 80 and 130 bushels to your field. Connected by belt and pulley, the driveshaft and gear box deliver efficient power to the beaters.
Place your mouse over the image to enlarge any portion of the product below.
NOTE: Unit(s) shown equipped with certain selections and options; please consult with your local Bush Hog dealer for all available configurations.
Performance Features
- Recommended 45-75 HP
- 130 Bushel Heaped Capacity (162.5 cu.ft.)
- PTO Drive
- MS1300X Model features large diameter retread tire designed for bigger tractors and smoother towing/spreading
- Low cost replacement using retreads
|11R22.5/8 Retread Tires/Bolts
|10, replaceable
|Total Weight w/ Tires
|2500 Lbs
|Tongue Weight (est)
|330 Lbs.
|Box Dimensions
|130" x 48" x 23" (LxWxH)
|Total Dimensions
|214" x 79" x 42" (LxWxH)


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Monday, February 24, 2020
Loving God, Loving Others, Loving Life, IN CHRIST
Music Ministry
WHY SING?? Some of us just enjoy the act of singing and making music. But, medical studies show that the act of singing lowers stress, blood pressure, heart rate, elevates mood, improves posture, breathing, lung capacity, boosts immunity and overall well-being. It can also benefit those with psychological trauma, autism and Alzheimer's. Simply put, music is HEALTHY for us!
YOUR SEAT IS WAITING! We are looking for folks to join the sanctuary choir! If you love to sing, worship through music and enjoy fun and fellowship, while improving your overall health, then join us on Wednesdays at 7:00 p.m. in the choir loft!


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Coventry University
Coventry University
Coventry University is a public research university in the city of Coventry, England. The University was formerly known as Lanchester Polytechnic until 1987 and Coventry Polytechnic until it was awarded university status.
With more than 27,000 students (as of 2013), Coventry University is the larger of the two universities in the city, the other being the University of Warwick. It has three campuses: one in the city centre of Coventry where a large majority of the university operates, one in Scarborough, North Yorkshire and one in London. The campus in Coventry is currently undergoing a £160m redevelopment programme. The university comprises four faculties and one school, and manages a number of commercial subsidiaries that provide business services to local and national organisations.
The university is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, University Alliance and Universities UK.


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Saturday, May 19, 2007
Retribution Off-tank Build
Retribution OT Build: 0/19/42
(Switch points from Anticipation to Precision once you have the necessary defence from gear.)
The big difference is that the Ret paladin is not going to be crush immune, but the Warrior/Druid MT is the one going to be handling the bosses and worrying about crushes. Combined with decent tanking gear, this build is more than sufficient to handle all non-73 mobs.
And once tanking duties are finished or not necessary, this build can pull out a 2H and add significantly more damage. If the paladin is in a DPS group, they can even switch to Sanctity Aura and boost everyone's damage.
(Just to be clear, if you are tanking anything during the fight, you are wearing tank gear, not Retribution gear.)
I don't think that this build will be sufficient to MT anything, but given that most groups already have a warrior (or druid) MT available, this build might be a more useful OT build than a Protection build.
You could also do a similar build but go Holy. However I don't think it would work as well, due to limited mana and +healing in tank gear. As well, if a normal 10-man has 2 tanks/3 healers/5 dps, one tank fights would be better off as 1 tank/3 healers/6 dps, rather than 1 tank/4 healers/5 dps.
The increased damage Retribution brings synergizes well with generating threat as an OT. This build would also bring 3% crit for the raid, allowing you to get the increased threat from Judgement of the Crusader at the same time, and Sanctity Aura for the DPS group.
I'm seriously considering respeccing to this build. I'm generally last on the tanking depth charts for my guild, so I never actually need to main-tank. This would make it a lot easier to maintain threat right behind the main tank, as well as be more useful in a fight like Shade of Aran.
The biggest thing stopping me from respeccing is 5-man play. Would this build be enough to tank a 5-man, or what other role would I take up? I am leery of a Ret paladin's viability in an actual DPS slot, at least with the gear I have. (Let's put it this way: I think I have less than 1000 AP in my DPS gear.)
12 comments:
The biggest problem with this is that retribution just doesnt bring enough DPS to the table. This issue has been plagueing paladins since the beginning of WoW and only got worse when blizzard identified Paladins as a Healer/Tanking hybrid..both of which are not renowned for dps.ReplyDelete
I don't think that the problem is that we don't bring enough DPS to the table but more of... we don't bring a good combination of UTILITY and DPS. Utility through DPS is something I would love to see.ReplyDelete
I don't have the greatest gear in the world but I've topped dmg meters in non undead instances as well as Kara. Last night I was top DPS by over 30k after the maiden. At that point I was asked to off tank some stuff and died promptly because I don't have the gear for tanking. By no means am I saying ret is fine... it def needs buffs IMO especially to the utility dep.
I know this has nothing to do with the Ret/off tank build. :) It would probably work though if you have the gear and you would surely put out more dmg with that build than a full prot build when not tanking.
Yes, but you aren't taking a DPS slot, you are taking a tank slot.ReplyDelete
The idea is that you'd normally be wearing full tank gear. Most fights the best you could do is switch to a 2H weapon.
Only on fights which require a single tank would you switch to DPS gear.
A Ret paladin in Prot gear.
GSH said...ReplyDelete
Yes, but you aren't taking a DPS slot, you are taking a tank slot.
The proble is that druids do that better, they have great DPS, great tanking and great utility as a full feral. A ret/prot pally has ok dps and a mediocre prot tree (crushable and no holy shield aggro).
While I can't speak for it personally, I know my guild leader is 0/20/41, and regularly tanks 5-mans (not sure how he'd do in Heroics). If you want I can ask him to post about his experiences either here or on my guild forum (in the latter I'd repost that information here).ReplyDelete
The proble is that druids do that better, they have great DPS, great tanking and great utility as a full feral. A ret/prot pally has ok dps and a mediocre prot tree (crushable and no holy shield aggro).ReplyDelete
Good points, but you actually need to have a feral druid to carry out that plan. ;)
I guess I'm one of the very few that have embraced the Tanking/Healing Hybrid whole heartedly and even without talents we have SA, Conc, Seal of Blood/Vengeance, Righteous Fury, Plate, Parry and Block to help us Tank (defined as absorb damage on behalf of the group/raid)ReplyDelete
Personally I'm 50/11/0 and have off Tanked the last half of Kara with a Warrior MT with great success. As the third healer we where able to tackle Aran, Prince, Illhoof with 1 Tank, 3 Healers and 6 dedicated DPS (I believe we had a Sharman DPS/Healer Hybrid with us)
Therefore I do think you can make a viable Prot/Ret build however you need to have the gear to back up your job. While DPS can just focus on 17 slots to enhance their ability to sting a dual Hybrid has 34 (and if like me you are a Healer/Tank then DPS gear adds a further 17 slots to work on)
If you have less than 1000 AP in DPS gear then I don't think you have the gear to add value to the raid as a Prot/Ret paladin yet and need closer to 1300-1400 as while you are off tanking when needed your primary role when it matters most is to dish out the pain. A well played Paladin should be able to out dps a poorly played dps classes so as long as you aren't the weakest link and are also providing the off tank role then your position is concreted in my eyes.
... and with all due respect if a Paladin is top or even top three in DPS then the rest of the DPS are either horribly under geared for the encounter or horrible players or suffering from both gear and ability shortcomings.
Honestly, I was thinking about this over the weekend and think blizzard's plan of tank/healer hybrid is the most possible option. Blizzard pretty much made it a statement of fact to paladins that ret is for leveling, endgame, paladins are a heal/prot hybrid. From the looks of it,ReplyDelete
is much more viable than
- Anonymous5:04 AM, May 21, 2007
Some rules of thumb:ReplyDelete
1. RF on - you can tank 5 mans
2. Bless of Sanctuary- you can off-tank raids
3. Holy Shield- you can raid tank.
4. 0/49/12 and you're specced for main tank.
The pallies in my guild have been kicking around the ret hybrid plan, and the best option seems to be to play to strengths (healing), rather than weaknesses (DPS). 20/0/41 is reasonable, and if you have a good set of +dmg/+healing you can do fine with spot healing, as well as meleeing with seal of wisdom to keep the mana up.
I don't think that you can compare the threat of a retri off tank to a dps warrior but I have yet to see you :) I would appreciate it if you could change the link to my blog from "samownall" to "world of warcraft guru" as samownall is just my character name ingame. Thanks a bunch and keep up the great posts :)ReplyDelete
Our guild has a Prot/Holy paladin. He's got some great tricks up his sleeve for tanking (mainly Lay on Hands, and the ability to be a relatively good off-healer due to the extra mana from the INT talent on single tank bosses). Post-Patch this will be his spec:ReplyDelete
I personally am/will be the following spec:
I've been able to tank a ton of 5-mans (usually groups need a healer more than a tank in my guild, so I haven't done them all) and I've tanked a few bosses on heroic (I always seem to end up tanking the eyeball boss in crypts when the tank goes down due to lack of insta-cast spells).
With Imp. Righteous Fury you can hold aggro on ANYTHING. With the Purifying Power + 2 piece Righteous Bonus, you have a 25% reduction in Consecration, that's a HUGE help. With blessed life, you've got an equally helpful version of Ardent Defender but not as reliable (but at least it can't be leap frogged). Also, Divine Illumination makes it easier to wtfspam things when you need to, and if you're OOM or just plain scared you're not gonna get a heal in time you can either throw concentration aura on and divine favor/heal yourself (I do this a lot in 5-mans) OR you can Lay on Hands if your mana is REALLY hurting.
In general, I think the Holy Tank can be VERY effective at maintaining aggro and staying alive with good gear. The only major hurt is the lack of Sanc/Holy Shield, however if you gear yourself out from Karazhan DEF gear (When it's on the verge of being disenchanted, our guild doesn't do DKP systems) or Heroic/Arena gear for tanking, I can easily see you being able to tank Heroics with this build.
- Anonymous7:56 AM, May 22, 2007
This doesn't really add to the conversation, but I wanted to link something Kalgan said in the WoW stratics Q&A.ReplyDelete
"Brannoc: *little3* Retribution specced paladins are not seen as a viable raid choice as their DPS is 'low' and the support they bring could easily be done by another DPS class. Will retribution be made into a viable end-game raiding spec through either DPS increases or support increases?
Tigole: but then who will save the hunters, kalgan?
Kalgan: Yes, I'd like to see ret become a bit more raid viable in terms of dps and overall utility.
Kalgan: the ret pallies will save them!
Kalgan: next patch'!
Kalgan: ok, maybe not
Kalgan: or maybe...
Kalgan: Right. At any rate, something we've noticed in our testing is that ret pallies are in kind of a jam where their dps isn't enough to get the put in a dps group in a raid.
Kalgan: ... which makes their dps suffer even more.
Kalgan: Hopefully we can get that solved in a way that doesn't cause ret pallies to rule the pvp universe."
So in the never-specified future something like the Ret off-tank build might be ideal for non-healing pallies.


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Presenter: Michael Hoffmann, Sr Vice President of Math & Systems, Altair
In this presentation, Michael Hoffmann, Sr Vice President, shares the company's vision & strategy for Altair's Math & Systems tools for Model-Based Development – based on providing an open platform tightly connecting 0D to 1D to 3D modeling & simulation. At different stages of their product development cycles, engineers can model and simulate their increasingly complex products as multi-disciplinary systems by using equations, block diagrams, and/or 3D CAD geometry.
His scope includes Altair Compose™, Altair Activate™, Altair Embed™, and Altair MotionSolve™ as well as the multi-body motion capabilities in Altair Inspire™. He also spotlights several recent success stories about customers who have used these technologies to drive innovation through simulation.
Presentation by Dr. Michael Hoffmann, Senior Vice President of Math & Systems at Altair.
Understand the motivation and vision for Altair's Model-Based Development (MBD); the products involved; What's New with the 2019 release of these products (including Basic Editions free for everyone!); and a bit about the future development roadmap designed to enable ever-tighter integration of 0D, 1D and 3D models using an open platform for ever-broader multi-disciplinary system simulations – made cost-affordable through Altair's unique units-based licensing and business model.
Christian Kehrer presents on behalf of thyssenkrupp Elevator AG.
2017, thyssenkrupp Elevator AG has presented the MULTI concept, the world's first rope-free elevator. The drive is ensured by a linear electromagnetic motor. To enable an economically feasible operation, it is necessary that the total weight of the lift does not exceed a certain limit. Designing the overall system of the MULTI lift according to this weight specification is one of the major challenge for thyssenkrupp Elevator.
In this presentation, an overview of the partnership between thyssenkrupp Elevator and Altair, the chosen design partner since the early phase of development, will be introduced. Thereby, different aspects of the simulation driven design process will be highlighted, taking into account several tools throughout diverse stages of the development cycle.
Presentation by Dr. Martin Ortega, Principal Design Engineer at Mabe.
This work presents a systematic process of the electromagnetic and thermal analysis of a washing machine single-phase capacitor-run induction motor during a full wash cycle. By utilizing an electromagnetic solver and a one-dimensional systems modeler, the designer is able to evaluate the thermal heat rise and power losses of the motor faster, at a limited cost and in a limited time.
Presentation by Robert Höpler, Founder of SysOpt GmbH.
Heterogeneity can be present on various stages in system modelling and simulation. A system model is often called 'multi-domain', when different technical domains are present, such as hydraulics, mechanics, and control. When it comes to simulation this is just the surface of this domain level. Various mathematical and modelling formalisms can lie underneath which lead to different mathematical equations of motion, numerical properties, and computational complexity. On a specification level we see the choice between different modelling formalisms and modelling languages, libraries, coding styles, and authoring tools. Often there is a need to mix these. Decisions taken here strongly influence expressiveness of the models and ability for code generation and deeply impact software engineering topics such as development processes and exchange of models. Multi-domain approaches such as Modelica try to reconcile some these sources of heterogeneity. On an executional level we find classical desktop system simulation but more complex settings such as co-simulation, parallelization, real-time systems, and optimization which constrain numerical stability and precision and simulation speed. There might be an intricate feedback to the specification level, e.g., when modelling for specific solvers. Efforts like the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) address some of these aspects and focus on interfacing and exchange of executional models. Prevalent system simulation tools are usually mature and controllable – as long as one stays within the desired scope of the tool. Following some examples we show how practical considerations influence design decisions and the choice of tooling.
Presentation by Tomas Suguinoshita Quirino, GT2 Tecnologia.
This work presents the strategy created by GT2 Tecnologia to simulate the dynamics of a system comprised by a gas turbine coupled with an electrical generator, which is a typical schema for thermoelectrical powerplants. The mathematical models of the gas turbine and the generator are based on physical principles, such as mass and energy conservation, as well as on correlations from the literature, including heat transfer coefficients and tables of thermodynamic properties. The models have been developed and tested in native languages (Fortran 90 and C++) and their integration with Altair Activate is achieved through the Custom C Block functionality. The system is first tested in Activate in a base load scenario, being then subjected to load changes. This work discusses the test results and shows the advantages of using sT Activate in the simulation of thermal and electrical phenomena.
Presentation by Luigi Rizzi, Technical Director at SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche.
The car industry is undergoing an unprecedented shift, between electrification, car sharing and autonomous drive. Car makers are going to roll out several zero-emission models in the next few years and their engineering departments are going to face new challenges. Engineering methodologies and good-design practices related to the well-known internal combustion engine must be reviewed and adapted to the electric propulsion system, considering multi-physic analyses in order to cover the various aspects of the vehicle performance. In this presentation a fast and reliable solution for the design of electric motors is shown.
A powerful software interface has been prepared in order to help the engineers to setup the model, define targets and boundary conditions, include multi-disciplinary verifications and collect analyses results. Using this tool, designers can easily and quickly perform electromagnetic analysis with the Altair software for electromagnetics, Flux, verify the performance in terms of delivered power, torque, losses and efficiency, check the thermal behaviour by means of equivalent thermal networks built in Activate and at the same time verify the stress levels and the NVH performance with OptiStruct, in order to define the early stage details of the product development. Activate plays a key role to speed-up the analysis because allows to obtain fast and accurate thermal information reducing the time usually required to simulate this domain.
Presentation by Dr. Lars Penter, Head of Machine Technology at University of Dresden.
The life cycle of a forming tool consists of five major phases. It starts with the process and tool design followed by its assembly, the ramp-up and serial as well as spare part production. Due to every increasing system complexities, various simulation tools accompany today's tool life cycle. A popular term in the current world of production is the "Digital twin". It is a simulation model, which contains at least two sub-models of different physical disciplines, connects different time scales and regularly synchronizes data with the real system. Such a model must be a highly accurate white box model.The presentation will address the generation of a virtual twin on the example of the virtual try-out of forming tools. The simulation model employs RADIOSS (for forming process simulation), MotionSolve (for multi-body simulation of machine mechanics) or Activate (for more complex multi-domain modelling of mechanics, hydraulics and electrical components). Currently, the digital twin allows for computing the interactions between forming process and die cushion. This enables the calculation of correlations between die-cushion cylinder forces and flange draw-in. The presentation shows how optimizing these cylinder forces in HyperStudy benefits the final part quality and shortens real tool try-out time.
Presentation by Ilya Tolchinsky, Phoenix Integration.
Phoenix Integration is a recently added member of the Altair Partner Alliance. Its product ModelCenter can create complex, fully automated simulation workflows and link these against Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) models. These typically descriptive models can now include accurate prediction of the system performance. This means that the status of the system requirements can be verified early in the product design cycle helping to avoid costly mistakes. Using ModelCenter the systems engineer can explore the possible design options and choose a configuration that represents best value while meeting its requirements. This paper explores this way of working by using an example built around an Activate Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) model. The example includes a SysML model built in Cameo Systems Modeler. It is connected to a number of analyses that evaluate the performance of a braking system. The paper illustrates the details of the architecture for this integration. ModelCenter design exploration techniques are then used to find the optimal configuration.
Customers share their success stories illustrating how Altair Model-Based Development technology, and especially Altair Activate™, help them design better products faster. These customers give special attention to simulating multi-disciplinary performance aspects of their products as a system-of-systems. Given the complexity of today's smart products, this often involves a combination of mechanical, electrical & electronic, and/or software aspects – and thus leverages both 1D and 3D models simulated together.
Presentations recorded at the 2018 Global ATC in Paris, France on October 18, 2018.
Presentation by Lino Di Leonardo, University of L'Aquila.
This presentation showcases an analysis technique of electric motor drive based on transient simulation tools and embedded finite element motor modeling (co-simulation). A couple of software tools, Altair Flux and Activate, are employed suitably interfaced each other. The first one allows the computation of the motor electromagnetic behavior using a finite element model, while the second one allows the dynamic simulation of the control and feeding converter. The interacting use of these tools allows a detailed prediction of the motor transient behavior under a given control strategy and drive scheme. As test case a multi-phase Switched Reluctance motor for aerospace application is considered.
The results demonstrate that the co-simulation procedure allows taking into account not negligible phenomena, such as dynamic torque ripple, usually not considered in similar studies. Hence, co-simulation analysis represents a significant step for the integrate design of the motor and control, as well as a meaningful tool for electrical drives education.
Presentation by Massimiliana Carello, from Beond & Politecnico di Torino.
Nowadays automotive climate control systems are evolving at a rapid pace to meet the overall vehicle requirements. System evaluation is one of the major requests currently faced by the automotive manufacturers and their suppliers. Thermal comfort, convenience and range are equally important user expectations, even if they may represent "opposed" performance for a modern EV, especially in an urban driving cycle.
In this framework, to achieve the expected targets and limiting the time-to-market and costs, a complete vehicle thermal model is to be developed to evaluate the cockpit thermal request for occupants' comfort at different ambient temperatures as well as solar radiation. Furthermore, the battery thermal management is to be investigated, to avoid cells damages and deterioration. The aim of this technical presentation is to highlight the integration capabilities of a lumped parameters model (1D) developed with Altair Activate for fast simulations and a CFD model (3D) of the battery liquid cooling system developed in AcuSolve. The Models realized are validated using experimental data.
Subscribe to join our Newsletter Learn about product training, news, events, and more.


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For a better experience, click the icon above to turn off Compatibility Mode, which is only for viewing older websites.
DREXEL GREEN is Guided by six key principles:
Electricity, Water, Transportation.
Cans & Bottles, Paper, Printer Cartridges, and more.
Energy, Pollution, Waste.
Bags & Mugs, Re-Purpose, Buy Recycled.
Learn & Apply, Investigate Solutions, Teach Others
Ensure systems remain diverse and productive.
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Rocker housing rebuild service
Overcome the challenges of increasing machine speed
Increase paper quality and reduce maintenance costsReworking rocker housings to fixed housings enables the use of the SKF self-aligning bearing system. This incorporates a CARB toroidal roller bearing in the non-locating position and an SKF Explorer spherical roller bearing in the locating position. With this bearing system, misalignment is accommodated and axial expansion of the shaft is accommodated within the CARB bearing, virtually without friction.
Rebuilding rocker housings help achieve:
- A more stable arrangement
- Improved paper quality
- Reduced maintenance costs


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Great Barrington, Massachusetts
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county and town page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.
Great Barrington is a town in Massachusetts. It was formed in 1761 and was previously called Sheffield. It can be found in Berkshire county. For more information, contact the county at 334 Main St., Great Barrington 01230. On the attached map, Great Barrington is shown as 25 in Berkshire county.
For information about the state of Massachusetts see Massachusetts Family History Research.


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Grades 9-12
Be An Ad Detective
What do you do when the television program you are watching is interrupted by a commercial message? Do you hurry to the kitchen for a snack? Do you make a phone call or talk with family members who are also watching?
Advertisers know that people are ignoring many traditional advertising techniques like TV commercials. As a result, businesses are becoming more creative in where they place their ads.
Task List
Put on your detective hat. You are going to be an Ad Detective investigating the many places in which businesses advertise. You are going to learn how advertisers try to develop brand awareness.
Activity 1: Be an Ad Detective
Go to this PBS Kids web site to learn about some of the latest advertising locations.
Activity 2: Advertising Clues
Did you notice that all of these ads were based only on names and logos? Businesses often use names, logos and imaginary characters in their advertising. After you see these brand images a few times, they are all you need to identify the product and the business selling it. You might think of these visual symbols as advertising clues.
Advertisers hope that when you like a sports event, celebrity or video game, you will associate that good feeling with them and their products. That's the idea behind branding—the creation of positive feelings about a certain business or what it sells.
Some businesses also use slogans and jingles. Slogans are a few catchy words that you identity with a product and the business that makes it. When words of this sort are put to music, the result is called a jingle. These little songs are usually fun and easy to sing. Slogans and jingles often help you remember a product's benefits and features. Use this interactive activity to test your knowledge of jingles. Go to this PBS Kids web site to learn about some of the latest advertising locations. STOP when you are asked to click on the arrow that takes you back to "Advertising Tricks."
- Write down three other brand images you have seen. Why do you think you remember them?
- What other slogans and jingles do you remember?
- What do you think makes these effective advertising tools?
Logos, imaginary characters, slogans and jingles—they are created to help fix a brand name and message in your mind. Businesses hope you will have a good feeling when you see and hear them. They hope this good feeling will influence your buying decisions.
Assessment Activity
Use the Be an Ad Detective worksheet to find more ads and the places where they are located.
Extension Activity
According to one estimate, the average young person in the United States gets about 1,500 advertising messages daily. With your classmates, keep track of all the advertisements you see and hear in one day. Divide the day so each of your classmates is responsible for just a small part of the day. For the hours from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., for example, one or two of you might be responsible for one hour. Count all ads you see and hear – those on television, the radio, the Internet, billboards, buses, and theater marquees, etc. When you are finished, total your findings.
Clip logos, imaginary characters and slogans from magazines, newspapers, packages, etc. Write down slogans and jingles you hear on TV and radio. Share what you find with your classmates.
- Walk through your school and your school grounds looking for advertisements. This Center for Commercial Free Public Education web page will give you ideas about where to look.
Related Resources
Grades 9-12
Green Eggs and ...Economics?
Grades 9-12
Rigging Monopolies, Teaching Economic, Financial and Social Awareness
Grades 9-12


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Now showing items 12-21 of 21
The Garment Industry in its Economic, Political and Social ContextJeppesen, Søren; Bezuidenhout, Andries (Frederiksberg, 2019)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This special CBDS Working Paper originates from a longer-term collaboration between Associate Professors Søren Jeppesen, CBS and Andries Bezuidenhout, UFH. The collaboration started more than 10 years ago and will have its main output with the forthcoming book (preliminarily) titled, 'Enclave Development: State, Market, And Society in Lesotho, South Africa and Swaziland's Garment Manufacturing Industries'. The collaboration has benefitted from primary and secondary data from two research projects and support from our institutions. The first project was part of a large research project, titled 'The Outsourcing for Development project', based at CBS and Aalborg University, Denmark. The project was funded by the Danish Development Research Council and investigated different aspects of the contemporary situation among firms from developing countries in an era of globalisation and outsourcing of production from North to South. As part of a sub-study on 'CSR, Development and Outsourcing' we undertook a comparative investigation of the impact of codes of conduct on working conditions in garment factories in different countries in Southern Africa. The second project was part of a large comparative study on the role of Labour movements in Southern Africa, anchored at the Sociology at Work Unit, Witwatersrand University, South Africa. The project also supported the comparative study of the impact on codes of conduct, with funding from the Norwegian Development Agency (Norad). Over the years, our respective institutions (Department of Intercultural Communication and Management, later renamed Department of Management, Society and Communication (MSC) at CBS and Sociology of Work, Wits University, Department of Sociology, University of Pretoria and lastly Department of Development Studies (DDS), University of Fort Hare (UFH)) have supported us collegially and with funds for travel, student assistance and more. We highly appreciate this. During the project, we have benefitted from the work of numerous student and research assistants. They include; Lasse B. Jensen, Alvin P. Ljosa, Sameer Azizi, Amanda Haarmaan, and Zartashia Ahmed (CBS), and Hamadziripi Tamukamoyo, Wits University (and other SA assistants). We would like to thank all for the great help. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9735
Files in this item: 1Country Background Lesotho 04.06.19.pdf (1.249Mb)
Chandran, V G R; Rasiah, Rajah; Wad, Peter (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The study of innovation and technological upgrading experienced a significant interest in the academic literature, especially within the developing countries (Lall, 1998, 2001; Kim and Nelson, 2000; Ariffin and Figueiredo, 2004). The lack of involvement by developing countries in radical innovative capabilities (Rasiah, 1994; Hobday, 2005) and the interest of scholars in learning technological capability building and technological catch up processes has directed researchers to analyze various mechanisms or drivers that contribute to technological upgrading, especially in developing countries, more so in the manufacturing sector. This study aims to investigate the R&D activities and the internationalization of these activities undertaken by foreign firms within the Malaysian manufacturing sector. The study aims to provide answers to the following questions: 1. What is the status of the systems of innovation within the Malaysian manufacturing sector? 2. What is the role played by the agents of innovation, in particular TNCs or MNCs, in relation to R&D activities and its internationalization? and, 3. How is the Malaysian manufacturing (local and foreign) technological and R&D progress to date? This study confirms that the Malaysian manufacturing systems of innovation is weakly positioned but shows limited evidence of process innovation and not product innovation. However, evidence of innovation differs among states and sectors owing to differences in the systems of innovation. Although, Malaysia has not been chosen as a site for offshoring or outsorcing of R&D activities to a significant degree, it is found that one very important driver of innovation is the central role that multinational enterprises play in the Malaysian manufacturing systems of innovation. Process innovation is conducted by foreign subsidiaries and is on the rise in key the electronics industry. It is also found that technological learning by local firms is mainly through linkages, sub-contracting and technological transfer. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7972
Files in this item: 1MSI_and_internationalization_of_R&D.pdf (282.8Kb)
(Re) Integrating the strategic management perspective in the theory of multinational corporationsHoenen, Anne Kristin; Hansen, Michael W. (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The contemporary literature on foreign direct investment (FDI) has to some extent 'forgotten' a key insight of the early FDI literature, namely that FDI to a large extent is driven by strategic interaction of firms in oligopolistic industries. Instead the FDI literature has focused, at first on FDI as a way of generating efficiency in cross border transactions, and later on FDI as a way to effectively leverage and build capabilities across borders. These efficiency and capabilities perspectives on FDI may have been adequate in a situation where global competition still was in its infancy. However, in recent years, we have seen the emergence of truly global oligopolies, e.g. in electronics, aerospace, aviation, software, steel, automotive, construction, brewing, etc. These oligopolistic industries have been consolidated through massive waves of cross border M&As in the second half of the 90s and from 2003-2007. We argue that in such industries it is not adequate to analyze FDI only in terms of efficiency or resource leverage; FDI must also be understood in terms of its contribution to the global strategic positioning of the investing firm. The paper seeks to re-discover' the oligopolistic competition perspective, drawing on the early insights of the Hymer-Kindleberger-Caves tradition as well as on the recent Strategic Management literature, but bringing these into the context of globalization. It is argued that global strategic interaction in oligopolistic industries is manifest in well known FDI phenomena such as follow-the-leader, client follower, and first-mover. While the paper attempts no formal testing, evidence indicative of oligopolistic competition motivated FDI is presented, e.g. from the recent cross border M&A waves and from the recent surge of FDI in emerging markets. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7956
Files in this item: 1WPs-2009_no.10.pdf (193.7Kb)
Towards a developing country firm perspectiveSchaumburg-Müller, Henrik; Pottenger, Eugene; Hansen, Michael W. (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Changes of the global economy have led to a much deeper integration of firms from developing countries. Multinational corporations are increasingly using offshore-outsourcing to maintain competitiveness and market shares. While the implications of this trend has been studied from the point of view of the multinational firm and its home economy, far less attention has been paid to the developing country firm participating in the outsourcing arrangement and its strategic options. From this point of view this paper reviews the outsourcing literature and identifies theoretical contributions that can be employed to build a platform for analyzing the strategic implications of outsourcing for local firms in developing countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6758
Files in this item: 1wps-2007_no.4.pdf (220.9Kb)
Theory and evidenceHansen, Michael W. (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Indian outward foreign direct investment (FDI) has risen dramatically in recent years. This reflects that Indian multinational corporations (MNCs) are asserting an increasingly important role in the global economy, not only as resource and market seekers in less developed countries, but increasingly competing on par with western MNCs in their home markets. When we confront the Indian outward FDI path with theories of outward foreign direct investment from developing countries, a number of puzzles and anomalies becomes evident: Normally, we would expect strong inward FDI performance to precede strong outward FDI performance, however in India the rise in outward FDI has been almost simultaneous with the rise in inward FDI; Normally, we would expect developing country MNCs to invest in like or less developed countries, however Indian MNCs have in a rapid sequence moved into developed economies; Normally, we would expect developing country MNCs to be operating with less advanced technologies and business models, however Indian MNCs have moved directly into FDI in advanced sectors and technologies. This paper will offer a number of explanations for the unique Indian outward investment path, explanations that take their point of departure in the idiosyncratic nature of Indian industrialization. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6754
Files in this item: 1wps-2007_no.8.pdf (248.0Kb)
Entry Barriers for Food Processors to Supermarkets in KenyaThomsen, Lotte; McCormick, Dorothy; Kamau, Paul (Frederiksberg, 2017)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper addresses the domestically owned food-processing industry in Kenya and explores the sale of processed food products to the domestic 'modern' retail sector. Food processing represents a step up in the value chain compared to fresh food production and may thus, at least potentially, lead to economic development. In focusing on food-processing businesses and on domestic rather than global market sales, this paper distinguishes itself from studies on Sub-Saharan African suppliers to global value chains. The potential importance of domestic 'modern' retail formats to Kenyan food suppliers is underlined by the fact that after South Africa, Kenya is Africa's second largest market for 'formal' retail, mostly because of the growing Kenyan middle class (EIU, 2013; Business Daily, 2015). What is not clear, however, is the extent to which retailers in Kenya currently source processed food products locally and thus whether food processing – as opposed to fresh food exports – retains importance for suppliers as well as for the Kenyan economy. This paper aims to contribute knowledge to this subject on which very little research exists. Based on fieldwork, the paper shows that a variety of entry barriers exist for Kenyan food processors that attempt to supply the emerging 'modern' retail sector domestically. The paper also shows how the requirements that processors must meet, especially for larger domestic supermarkets, tend to resemble those commonly described in the export sector, calling into question the extent to which domestic retail is a viable alternative in the longer run. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9525
Files in this item: 1cbds_working_paper_1_2017_250917.pdf (1.330Mb)
Chong, Sabrina; Wad, Peter (København, 2008)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Offshore outsourcing of business activities from the Global North to the Global South does not only relocate investments and jobs, but has also brought about new business demands on suppliers activities and their social and environmental impact. The article explores whether, how and why offshore outsourcing transactions between foreign firms and Malaysian firms affect the upgrading of the CSR activities of Malaysia incorporated firms, taking the particular institutional context of Malaysia into consideration. The focus is on recipient country vendors, contract manufacturers or subcontractors and their reception of and strategising about corporate social responsibility. The findings of the study indicate, firstly, that the amount of foreign (sub)contracting influences the CSR strategising of domestic firms while the global value chain position is only conditioning the offshore outsourcing portfolio. Secondly, both the corporate governance of Malaysian affiliate and the Malaysian government play an important role shaping the perception, rhetoric and organisation of CSR activities by firms in Malaysia with a domestic value chain position. Hence, firms in Malaysia are squeezed by international business linkages and the local institutional context. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6757
Files in this item: 1wps-2007_no.7.pdf (420.9Kb)
The Case of Roshan, An Afghan Telecommunication CompanyAzizi, Sameer A. (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: CSR is a rising phenomena in Afghanistan – but why are firms concerned about CSR in a least-developed context such as Afghanistan, and what are the strategic benefits? This paper is one of the first to explore these CSR issues in a least-developed country. It does so by focusing on CSR in the Afghan telecommunication sector and in particular on 'Roshan' as a case company. The findings of this paper are two-folded. First, it provides an overview of the CSR practices in the telecommunication sector in Afghanistan. Second, it focuses on one case and explains whether Roshan can gain strategic advantages through CSR in Afghanistan, and if so which and how these strategic benefits are gained. The paper shows that the developmental challenges of Afghanistan are the key explanations for why companies engage in CSR. Roshan has engaged in proactive CSR to overcome the contextual barriers for growth. Based on an analysis of five CSR projects, it can be assessed that Roshan enhances its competitive advantage through CSR in internal, external, and wider- society levels. It is analyzed that Roshan influences its competitive context both from inside-out and out-side in dimensions, and that the CSR projects could all live up to the strategic CSR criteria drawn from the academic work of Porter and Kramer, Burke and Logsdon and Blowfield. Finally, the paper discusses how in a context of a weak state and civil society, and massive developmental challenges, CSR is not a matter of an 'add-on choice', but is based on a 'license to operate' motivation, where businesses have free room for maneuvering CSR towards their strategic priorities and business goals. Whether this creates a 'shared value' for both business and in particularly for the society is however still questionable. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8444
Files in this item: 1Azizi_CBDS_nr _1_2012.pdf (704.0Kb)
Schaumburg-Müller, Henrik (København, 2007)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper looks at the export developments of Vietnamese garment producers after the Multi-Fibre Arrangement was removed by the beginning of 2005. It uses a Global Value Chain approach and analyses what happens when there is a major change in the institutional context, in this case shift in the basic institutional international trade arrangements. The focus is on Vietnam and the Vietnamese garment suppliers looking at how they have performed after the removal of the quota systems and what kind of strategies they have pursued. The results show that Vietnamese suppliers have been able to compete internationally after the quota removals although many of them appear to be locked in the low value end of the chain. The data show, however, that they are not only able to compete and grow but also to change between buyers and markets, which provides them with the flexibility of shifting between chains. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6752
Files in this item: 1wps-2007_no.3_hsm.pdf (97.40Kb)
Hansen, Michael W.; Gwozdz, Wencke (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: MNCs are increasingly investing in developing countries to be part of rapid market growth, to enhance the efficiency of their value chains, and to access abundant resources and talent. The potential gains are high, however so are the risks. Some developing country subsidiaries become top performers in terms of growth and revenue and assume key roles in the MNCs' global value chains, but other subsidiaries fail to meet expectations, struggling to produce positive returns and frequently experiencing stop of operations. While the issue of subsidiary performance should be at the heart of any International Business (IB) enquiry into MNC activity in developing countries, surprisingly little research has examined this issue. Based on a unique data base of approx. 800 MNC subsidiaries established between 1969 and 2008, this paper examines the evolution in subsidiary performance and the factors influencing this performance. The analysis reveals that MNC subsidiaries in developing countries have improved enormously on their performance since the early investments in the 1960s and 70s, but also that the risks of failure remain high. The paper moves on to analyze factors shaping subsidiary performance. Inspired by received IB theory, it is hypothesized that subsidiary performance is essentially shaped by five dimensions: location, industry, MNC capabilities, subsidiary role, and entry mode. A variance component analysis is employed to identify the sources of subsidiary performance. Especially MNC capabilities and subsidiary role appear to explain variance in performance, while location and industry factors appear to have less explanatory power. This suggests that while locational and industry factors affect subsidiary performance, strong MNC capabilities and appropriate strategy can make MNCs succeed regardless of location and industry. The findings of the study have important implications for the IB literature, for managers and for policy aimed at promoting FDI in developing countries. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8829
Files in this item: 1Hansen_Gwozdz.pdf (1.109Mb)
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Now showing items 12-21 of 21


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Ladiesss and gentlemennn. . . in this corner we have Metal Dollar Maniaaaa! In the opposing corner we have Give Me My Greenbackkks! Now, I draw your attention to the center of the ring for our featured match-up -- the Currency Optimization, Innovation and National Savings (COINS) Act.
S.2049 was introduced in January by Sens. Tom Harkin (D-Iowa), John McCain (R-Ariz.), Tom Coburn (R-Okla.) and Mike Enzi (R-Wyo.). The senators' bill is a companion piece to House bill H.R.2977 , the Currency Optimization, Innovation and National Savings (COINS) Act, introduced in September by Republican Reps. David Schweikert (Ariz.) and Jeb Hensarling (Texas). The bill calls for a transition from the paper dollar to the dollar coin within four years; the House bill now has 12 co-sponsors.
The paper dollar became part of the U.S. currency during the Lincoln administration in the early 1860s. However, there has been a long-running battle to replace the paper dollar with the dollar coin and the movement has "gained fresh momentum." So much so, Crane & Co., the Massachusetts-based firm that provides the paper for the currency and Sicpa Securink Corp., a Swiss-based in company that supplies ink for the paper currency have stepped up their lobbying initiatives.
Proponents of the initiative argue that replacing the paper dollar would be better for the environment and save the taxpayer dollars – as much as $50 million a year. Those opposing the elimination of the one-dollar bill suggest that the environmental impact is not accurately portrayed, since the currency paper is made from cotton and linen fibers. Moreover, an October, 2011, poll from Lincoln Park Strategist found the Vast Majority of Americans Reject The Idea Of Getting Rid Of The Dollar Bill And Moving To A Dollar Coin.
Ernster, the Virtual Library Cat


text: Posted by admin 23 September Luxurious Egyptian Cotton Bed Sheets Designs Egyptian Cotton may be the rarest and of the very good quality on the planet. The fine threads of their cotton would be the most powerful and many durable. Egyptian... 0 0 4478 23 September, 2012 Luxury Bedding more


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Crowdfunding is a way of raising finances by asking a large number of people each individually for a small amount of money. Traditionally crowdfunding has involved people utilizing networks including their family, friends and work acquaintances.
In the modern era, fund seekers are able to establish profiles on a website such as Kickstarter or Rocket Hub. From this platform they can utilize social media to spread their messages and provide opportunities for individuals to donate.
One Spark brought those opportunities to Jacksonville in a big way last year with its first crowd-funded entrepreneurial festival. This year the festival organizers have raised $310,000 in crowd-funded donations to distribute to the creators rated most worthy by festival attendees, who will vote for their favorites using a special app.
In addition, festival attendees will be encouraged to personally add their own funds to any project they like. This type of crowd-based funding provides start-ups with not only the revenue creators need to realize their dreams, but also with the validation they need to realize their dreams are worthy.
"Great ideas can come from anywhere, and they need a few things to grow into a sustainable entity: someone ready to take them to action, funding and resources," explained Joe Sampson, the executive director of One Spark. "Our goal is to provide the platform that connects those people of action who have great ideas with the funding and resources they need to move those ideas forward."
But it's not the first time crowdfunding has been used in Jacksonville.
"Crowd funding is a great resource for folks who might not be able to raise funds through conventional means," said Tim Massett, who raised 20 percent of the money needed to start up his business, Sun-Ray Cinema in Jacksonville's Five Points, from online crowdfunding.
While Massett's own crowdfunding efforts took place a year before One Spark's entrance on the Jacksonville scene, it's an example of how the process can aid start-ups. In the end, Massett raised $102,450 via online crowdsourcing and private loans.
Events such as One Spark that utilize crowdfunding provide more than simply funding for creators, they also provide a platform ideal for generating traction. Entrepreneurs who have projects that are ambitious and well thought out are likely to garner interest from all over the world. Attendees and other interested parties will then have the ability to become contributors to projects.
The benefits of crowdfunding can also reach far beyond just helping creators and their projects. In most cases the creators had a project designed to fill a market need or solve a problem. Thus when a project is completed, it is the end users, the consumers, who benefit from the products and services provided. Additionally the economy benefits through job creation when these projects grow and create organizations requiring labor.
This type of local crowdfunding has inspired not only entrepreneurs just imagining their businesses but already established local businesses as well.
"It's great to see Downtown Jacksonville being the focal point for the One Spark event," Massett said.
This story was reported by Ignite Media, an independent news bureau created by University of North Florida students.


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Speed called factor in fatal parkway crash
State Police Monday said speed was a factor in Sunday's fatal single-car crash on the Southern State Parkway.
Maj. Patrick Regan, troop commander of the State Police on Long Island, said that while the investigation was continuing, "excessive speed appears to be a significant contributing factor."
The driver, Kervens Boutin, 29, of Hempstead, was charged Sunday with reckless driving, Regan said.
"The investigation will uncover other contributing factors if they exist," he said.
The crash of a 2008 Nissan Maxima carrying five people home from a birthday party in Amityville killed passengers Bryan J. Rivas, 20, and Blossom J. Castro, 22, both of Hempstead, police said.
Boutin and passenger Marlo Cabrera, 19, of the Bronx, remain in critical condition in the intensive care unit at Nassau University Medical Center in East Meadow, a hospital spokeswoman said Monday. The fourth passenger, Antonio Rivas, 22, of Hempstead, remains in critical condition at Winthrop-University Hospital in Mineola, a hospital spokeswoman said.
The westbound car ran off the road and into a stand of trees near Exit 23 in North Merrick at about 5:45 a.m. Sunday, police said. The area is on a stretch of the parkway between Exit 17 and Exit 30 dubbed "Blood Alley" by police and automotive safety groups because of its history of fatal crashes. Nearly 40 people have been killed in crashes along that portion in the past six years.
Regan said Sunday's accident, similar to an Oct. 8 crash where four teens died when Joseph Beer, 17, of Queens, lost control going west, "highlights the unforgiving nature of the Southern State Parkway when the rules of the road are not adhered to."
Jason Todeschini, of Ott Lane in North Merrick, said he arrived home from work between 5:30 and 5:45 a.m. Sunday and had just sat down to eat when he heard the crash. When he went outside he saw what he described as a "mangled" car.
Crashes are frequent in the area of the parkway that is just 40 feet from his backyard fence, Todeschini said.


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Broad&Market got hacked recently, and I've been too busy at work to spend the proper amount of time cleaning up. Blah.
It was better that I delete the entire site rather than leave it up and expose people to stupid malware redirects (what the hackers want), and reinfect other files on my server.
Broad&Market was on hiatus anyway, but rest assured the site will return within the week. Sorry, y'all.
<3, Eighteen


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The 20 Dollar Chiropractic Difference
Chiropractic May Be The Answer
You should consider 20 Dollar Chiropractic as your go to chiropractor. We chose to get into chiropractic and open our office because of our desire to achieve optimal health and our love of the local community. We are focused on the "whole person" approach in our chiropractic clinics. We do that through high quality chiropractic care. A lot of people think chiropractors compete with medical doctors, but that is not the case with 20 Dollar Chiropractic.
Our goal is to help you achieve the best health possible, and to do that we must work together. If you cut yourself with a knife you should head straight to the Emergency Room not to us. On the other hand visiting your chiropractor on a regular basis can reduce your need for drugs and surgery. Our staff takes a more holistic approach to your health, rather than a reactive one. We would prefer to focus on getting your nervous system working properly through chiropractic care. By making sure that you are living your daily life as healthy and productive as possible, you might find that your dependency on the medical field is greatly reduced. I haven't met anyone yet that wanted more drugs and surgery in their life. A major factor that sets 20 Dollar Chiropractic apart from other local chiropractors is our staff.
From the moment you walk into our office, you will be greeted and cared for by our friendly staff. Our doctors are focused on the issues and concerns that you have as a patient. We will never make you feel like you are just a number; we never recommend any treatment that is not needed to achieve your health goals. You will never feel pressured to have any chiropractic treatments that you feel won't benefit your health goal needs. We also understand that visiting a chiropractic office can be a little scary.
So, to make it as easy as possible for you, we offer a new patient special, just click on the link above. We will set enough time aside to make sure your first chiropractic visit is the best it can possibly be. Your visit is also risk free, if at the end of your new patient consultation with 20 Dollar Chiropractic, you feel for any reason chiropractic care is not for you, we will refund any cost to you, no questions asked.
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Tuesday, March 27, 2012
The Unknown Collection Continues...
This album was passed down from my Quirk ancestors who lived in northeastern Pennsylvania. Now this photo wasn't taken in northeastern Pennsylvania, but I do know that one of my Quirk ancestors went out to Pittsburgh for the funeral of one Mrs. David Menges. Mrs. Menges had siblings with the surname Lee and these same siblings came out to northeastern Pennsylvania for Mary Quirk nee Lee's funeral in 1913. So there is some common Lee relationship out there. Sadly, I don't have these Lees in my family tree and I've spent years trying to find and figure out who they were and how they fit.
So seeing any of these photographs in my album that were taken in Pittsburgh always makes me wonder if they could be members of the Lee or Menges family. As always, I hope that someday, someone may come across my blog and I may finally find out.
Posted by Cherie Cayemberg at 8:11 PM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Hazleton, Lee, Menges, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Quirk
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In Rhythm Thief & the Emperor's Treasure, players are immersed in the mysterious rhythmic adventure in the city of Paris. The gamesees players enter the secret life of Raphael, infamous among Parisians as an honorable thief for stealing famous works of art only to return them days later. Dive into Raphael's world and help him find the Wristlet of Tiamat to unmask the mystery behind his father's disappearance. While unraveling the truth players will encounter an assortment of different rhythm challenges to master. Tap the screen, swipe the stylus and control the gyro to the beat of the music to maneuver Raphael through the unique streets of Paris, brought to life by stylish animations and vibrant 3D maps and landscapes.
Also known as: Rhythm Thief, Mysterious Rhythm Thief R: Inheritance of the Emperor Napoleon, Rhythm Phantom Thief R: Emperor Napoleon's Legacy
Release Region: Japan
Release Date: Q3 2012
Publisher: SEGA
Release Region: United States
Release Date: July 10, 2012
Publisher: SEGA
Release Region: United Kingdom
Release Date: April 4, 2012
Publisher: SEGA
Release Region: Australia
Release Date: April 12, 2012
Publisher: SEGA
Also available on: iPhone
Rhythm Thief & the Emp... at IGN
Rhythm Thief & the Emp... at GameSpy
Rhythm Thief & the Emp... at GameStats


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We wanted to showcase their portfolio with each image having a description slide over hover and offer the user social sharing on the lightbox view. With a custom loader image and the site fully responsive on mobile devices, I believe we achieved a professional portfolio showcase.
03 December 2013
DC3 - Creative ImageryWritten by Digidot
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Published in Web Design


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Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege
Born: 8 November 1848 in Wismar, Mecklenburg-Schwerin (now Germany)
Died: 26 July 1925 in Bad Kleinen, Germany
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Gottlob Frege's parents were Alexander Frege and Auguste Bialloblotzky. Alexander Frege was the head of a girls' high school in Wismar and it was in that town that Gottlob was born. Wismar, in northern Germany, is situated on an inlet of the Baltic Sea. It had been administered by the Mecklenburg-Schwerin state since 1803 but at the time when Gottlob was born there, the town was still claimed by Sweden, the country which had controlled it from the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 until 1803. It is thought that Gottlob's mother was from a family which did not originate in that area but was probably of Polish origin.
Gottlob grew up in Wismar, attending the local Gymnasium where he was taught by Leo Sachse. It was almost certainly through following Sachse's advice that Frege chose to go to the University of Jena to continue his studies and in general Sachse had a large influence on his young student (see for example [48] and [54]). Frege was proud to live in the state of Mecklenburg, he loved the ducal house of Mecklenburg, and certainly believed in this form of government rather than a democratically elected one. A period of great political change in this part of Europe was approaching and events began to move quickly in 1866. Before looking at these events, however, we should note that 1866 was the year in which Alexander Frege, Gottlob's father, died.
In fact the political change which set events in motion was Otto von Bismarck becoming prime minister of Prussia in 1862. Bismarck saw that Prussia's leading role would be best served by the unification of the German states such as Mecklenburg, but Austria opposed this course. The resulting Seven Weeks' War in 1866 saw Mecklenburg side with Prussia against Austria and the Prussian victory led to the setting up of the North German Confederation, with Mecklenburg as a member, in 1867. When Frege went to the University of Jena in 1869 it was a politically changed Europe, and during the two years that he studied there more changes were to take place. Prussia led the German states to victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 and in 1871 the German Reich (German Empire), with William I of Prussia as its emperor, came into existence.
At Jena Frege was taught by Ernst Abbe and K Fischer. After his two years of study at the University of Jena, Frege continued his education in 1871 entering the University of Göttingen where he studied courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry and philosophy. He received his doctorate in 1873 from Göttingen for a dissertation Über eine geometrische Darstellung der imaginären Gebilde in der Ebene Ⓣ, in which he tried to lay down foundations for a portion of geometry. The thesis was published at Jena in the same year that he was awarded his doctorate. Supported by Abbe, he presented his habilitation Rechnungsmethoden, die sich auf eine Erweitung des Grössenbegriffes gründen Ⓣ, essentially a work on abelian groups and invariant theory, to the University of Jena in 1874 and was appointed as a Privatdozent in mathematics in Jena in May of that year. He taught there for the rest of his career, carrying out his job quietly with minimal contacts with his students and colleagues. However Rudolf Eucken was a colleague of Frege's for more than 40 years in the faculty of philosophy with whom he had close scientific contacts. Eucken - like Russell and Sartre - was one of the few philosophers who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature (1908). Before Frege had published any of his major pieces of work, his mother died in 1878.
Frege was one of the founders of modern symbolic logic putting forward the view that mathematics is reducible to logic. He lectured on all branches of mathematics, in particular analytic geometry, calculus, differential equations, and mechanics, although his mathematical publications outside the field of logic are few. His writings on the philosophy of logic, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy of language are of major importance. He once said:-
Every good mathematician is at least half a philosopher, and every good philosopher is at least half a mathematician.In 1879 Frege published his first major work Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens Ⓣ . A George and R Heck write in [45]:-
In 1879, with extreme clarity, rigour and technical brilliance, he first presented his conception of rational justification. In effect, it constitutes perhaps the greatest single contribution to logic ever made and it was, in any event, the most important advance since Aristotle. For the first time, a deep analysis was possible of deductive inferences involving sentences containing multiply embedded expressions of generality. Furthermore, he presented a logical system within which such arguments could be perspicuously represented: this was the most significant development in our understanding of axiomatic systems since Euclid.In this work Frege presented for the first time what we would recognise today as a logical system with negation, implication, universal quantification, essentially the idea of truth tables etc., but what would not be recognisable today is the notation which Frege used. For the implication A ⇒ B, Frege used a notation which was placed across two lines with A being written on the line below B. It is not hard to see why his notation has not survived, but we should not allow this in any way to diminish the magnitude of his achievement. The publication of the Begriffsschrift was followed in the same year by Frege's promotion, again supported by Abbe, to Extraordinary Professor at Jena but on the whole his remarkable work led to surprisingly little recognition for him. Very few people seemed to be able to appreciate the importance of this landmark publication. However, in contrast to his later treatises, the Begriffsschrift received six reviews: from Reinhold Hoppe, John Venn, Paul Tannery, Kurd Lasswitz, Karl Michaëlis and Ernst Schröder. The first three of these reviews, however, show that their authors are uninterested in Frege's treatise, while the latter three, despite some criticisms, are more sympathetic (see [81] for more details).
It is reasonable to ask what prompted Frege to produce the revolutionary Begriffsschrift Ⓣ. He wanted to have a precise way of stating results and of proving them, for he realised the difficulties of using ordinary language which was necessarily imprecise and ambiguous. He stated in the Preface to the work that he wanted to prove the basic truths of arithmetic "by means of pure logic". This aim makes Frege the first to fully develop the main thesis of logicism, that mathematics is reducible to logic. However, we should note that he only applied the thesis to number theory and real analysis. His next major work Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik Ⓣ, published in 1884, was written to achieve the aim that he had clearly set out in the Preface to the earlier work and present an axiomatic theory of arithmetic.
After setting his agenda at the start of the Grundlagen Ⓣ, Frege looked at the contributions made by previous mathematicians to two fundamental questions:-
What are numbers? What is the nature of arithmetical truth?In fact he demolishes all earlier attempts to answer these questions with brilliant clarity. Perhaps it will come as a surprise to readers of this article to learn that all attempts to define "number" before Frege contained logical errors. Indeed this is precisely what he showed, for these earlier definitions had confused the idea of "number" with that of "plurality". The plurality "two" refers to a collection of two objects, for example two chairs, two pencils, two houses, etc. The number "two" is, however, the class of all instances of the "plurality two" and so is a "plurality of pluralities" and the logical error which had been made in not recognising this meant that before Frege's Grundlagen nobody had managed to give a logically correct definition of "number". Frege then went on to give his own definitions of the basic concepts of arithmetic based purely on logic, and from these he deduced, again using pure logic, the basic laws of arithmetic. Dummett writes [39]:-
The work is fascinating even for those quite uninterested in the philosophy of mathematics, since in the course of it many ideas are presented which are of significance for the whole of philosophy.What was the reaction to the Grundlagen from mathematicians and philosophers? One might have expected an enormous amount of interest, but this did not materialise. The Grundlagen only received a single review and that was by Cantor. What did Cantor think of this brilliant book? Dummett writes that the review [2]:-
... was a devastatingly hostile one by Georg Cantor, the mathematician whose ideas were the closest to Frege's, who had not bothered to understand Frege's book before subjecting it to totally unmerited scorn.The Grundlagen was a non-technical work, written without symbolism and with only sketches of proofs, which Frege saw as a first step towards the realisation of his goal of defining a precise logical framework in which to set up the basic concepts of arithmetic and to deduce the rules of arithmetic. Although he was extremely disappointed at the reaction to the Grundlagen nevertheless in the following years he wrote a number of articles which polished and extended the ideas which he would need to carry out his project. Dummett calls these:-
... a series of brilliant philosophical articles in which he elaborated his philosophy of logic.Let us look briefly at one of these, namely Über Sinn und Bedeutung Ⓣ published in 1892. In this he gives his famous argument to show that sense and reference are distinct. His example concerns the planet Venus which was known as "the evening star" and as "the morning star" before it was realised that both were Venus. Frege argues: "the evening star" = "the morning star" does not have the same sense as "the evening star" = "the evening star" so "the evening star" does not have the same sense as "the morning star". However "the evening star" and "the morning star" refer to the same object so the reference of "the evening star" is distinct from its sense.
In 1893 Die Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, Volume1 Ⓣ appeared in which Frege set up a formal logical system with more rules of inference than that of his earlier work the Begriffsschrift. Frege axiomatized arithmetic with an intuitive collection of axioms, and proofs of number theory results which he had only sketched earlier he now gave formally. The main thrust of this volume was to develop the rules of number theory and in the later volumes Frege intended to extend the work to the real numbers. His bitter disappointment at the lack of reaction to his earlier work shows explicitly in the Preface to Volume 1 where he complains about other authors being unfamiliar with his ideas. He must have hoped that this first volume of what he viewed would be his greatest achievement would be well received, but except for one review by Peano, it was ignored by his contemporaries.
Frege, who had not allowed the previous lack of reaction to divert him from the tasks that he had set himself, decided to delay publication of the second of his three proposed volumes. During this period Frege was appointed ordinary honorary professor at Jena, a post funded by the Carl Zeiss Foundation with which Abbe was closely associated. In fact it would be ten years after the publication of Volume 1 of Die Grundgesetze der Arithmetik before Volume 2 appeared. This second volume gives Frege's development of the real numbers which he constructed straight from the integers without taking the route of first defining the rational numbers. The bitterness which he now felt shows clearly in this volume with his attacks on the work of earlier mathematicians being abusive (which it had never been before) and there were clear signs that he was hitting back at those he felt had ignored his contributions. In particular he strongly criticised Cantor's and Dedekind's theories of irrational numbers. After the work was written, but before it was published, Frege discovered that this volume, and Volume 1, were based on inconsistent axioms.
While Volume 2 of The Basic Laws of Arithmetic was at the printers Frege received a letter (on 16 June 1902) from Bertrand Russell. Russell pointed out, with great modesty, that the Russell paradox gave a contradiction in Frege's system of axioms. After many letters between the two, Frege modified one of his axioms and explains in an appendix to the book that this was done to restore the consistency of the system. However with this modified axiom, many of the theorems of Volume 1 do not go through and Frege must have known this. He probably never realised that even with the modified axiom the system is inconsistent since this was only shown by Lesniewski after Frege's death.
One often sees it stated that Frege's work was worthless because of the inconsistency pointed out by Russell. In fact this is far from the truth and one must view Frege as the person who made one of the most important contributions to the foundations of mathematics that has ever been made. In fact in many ways Russell is correct when he wrote in his History of Western Philosophy:-
In spite of the epoch-making nature of [Frege's] discoveries, he remained wholly without recognition until I drew attention to him in 1903.Frege's influence in the short term came through the work of Peano, Wittgenstein, Husserl, Carnap and Russell. In the longer term, however, Frege has become a major influence on the development of philosophical logic and the man who seems to have been largely ignored by his contemporaries has been avidly read by many in the second half of the twentieth century, particularly after his works were translated into English.
Another statement that one often reads is that Frege was so depressed after Russell's letters that he gave up research. This is not entirely without foundation and it is certainly true that he never published the intended third volume of The Basic Laws of Arithmetic, but although he did indeed become very depressed the reasons are far more complex than this. Another factor in his depression was the death of his wife Margarete. Frege had married Margarete Lieseberg but they never had any children. Frege and his wife did adopt a son, Alfred, who went on to become an engineer, but after Frege's wife died in 1904 he seemed to sink more deeply into himself.
The political situation in Germany distressed him. Frege, as we have mentioned, was a firm believer of the old style monarchy which operated in the German States before the unification. In the German Empire there was a democratically elected parliament, in addition to the mostly undemocratic state parliaments. Frege disliked the move to democracy, and detested it even more as the socialists gained power. He attacked most of his fellow mathematicians going far beyond professional criticism. For example Thomae, who also taught at Jena, came in for severe personal attacks from Frege. He seemed to lash out at a wide variety of people and his diary shows a deep hatred of the French, of Catholics, and of Jews.
Frege retired from his professorship in Jena in 1917. He had published nothing between 1904 and the time he retired (if one discounts bitter argumentative attacks published against fellow mathematicians such as Thomae). Russell had invited him to address a mathematical congress in Cambridge in 1912 but Frege's reply, declining the invitation, shows his depressed state of mind. This was not the reply one would have expected from the man who had earlier been vividly aware of his own genius and had a total belief that his brilliant ideas would be recognized. However, Frege began to publish important articles again in 1918 with contributions to the nature of thoughts. These publications have the freshness of his earlier work and show that the depression which had gripped him for many years had, at least partially, lifted. In 1923 Frege came to the conclusion that the aim he had set himself throughout most of his career, namely to found arithmetic on logic, was wrong. He decided instead that one had to base the whole of mathematics on geometry. He began to work on these ideas but had not progressed far by the time of his death. He published nothing on these ideas.
We have quoted many tributes to Frege's genius, but let us end with one more. Weiner writes in [20]:-
Gottlob Frege's writings have had a profound influence on contemporary thought. His revolutionary new logic was the origin of modern mathematical logic - a field of import not only to abstract mathematics, but also to computer science and philosophy.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Click on this link to see a list of the Glossary entries for this page
List of References (83 books/articles)
Some Quotations (5)
A Poster of Gottlob Frege
Mathematicians born in the same country
Additional Material in MacTutor
- Appendix from Frege's Grundgesetze der Arithmetik (1903)
Cross-references in MacTutor
- History Topics: The beginnings of set theory
- History Topics: The real numbers: Stevin to Hilbert
- Chronology: 1880 to 1890
- 1912 ICM - Cambridge
Other Web sites
- Dictionary of Scientific Biography
- Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Metaphysics Research Lab Stanford
- Mathematical Genealogy Project
- MathSciNet Author profile
- zbMATH entry
- ERAM Jahrbuch entry


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Three Australian soldiers have been wounded in Afghanistan after their armoured truck hit a roadside bomb.
The soldiers from the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment Task Group, were moving between bases in the Oruzgan province when their Bushmaster hit an improvised explosive device on Tuesday (local time).
They got first aid at the scene before being evacuated by helicopter to Tarin Kot with minor wounds, said Captain Michael Spruce, acting director general of operations, Joint Operations Command.
Two have been discharged while the third has been transferred to Kandahar Air Field for further treatment.
All three are now in satisfactory condition.
They have told their families about the incident.
This year 32 Australian soldiers have been wounded in Afghanistan.


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This happened more than a week ago, but it slipped our attention, because hurling. That's right: hurling. It's an ancient Gaelic game that isn't quite lacrosse, isn't quite soccer, and isn't quite baseball. I'm not going to pretend I understand the rules, but I can tell you the video above is from the Galway Senior Hurling Final, and that Loughrea was playing St. Thomas, which clearly made all of Ireland shake.
Also: Loughrea's Johnny Maher gets fouled before getting up and whacking two players from St. Thomas with his hurley. Somehow, Maher wasn't penalized for his actions, but instead he gets to take his penalty stroke, and scores—after which, right around the two-minute mark, he proceeds to trip another St. Thomas player with his foot. St. Thomas would go on to win, but the incident has touched off something of a debate in Ireland about the fair application of the rules. Because hurling.
h/t to Emmett R.


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Enough already? Enter the <I>Hook</I>'s rainfall contest
Are you good at guessing how many gumballs are in the big jar? How about how much that average-size dark-haired lady weighs? Do you have a Ouija board?
Even if none of that applies to you, you should still get your entry blanks ready. The Hook's "Should We Start Building the Ark?" contest is under way.
According to the UVA astronomy department, which measures weather-related phenomena at McCormick Observatory, on Thursday, December 11, the Charlottesville area set a new annual record when it topped the previous record for the amount of liquid falling from the sky– 72.07 inches, set in 1937.
At presstime, the new record stands at 74.00 inches and counting. That's where you come in.
Put your finger in the air, scan the heavens with an expert eye, and guess how much more rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. (not earthquakes) anything that will up the total for the year- we're going to get before Old Father Time leaves and that new baby, 2004, arrives.
Send your guess-timate of the total amount of rainfall that will fall in 2003 to firstname.lastname@example.com by midnight December 23. One entry per person, please.
We'll announce the winner in the January 8, 2004 issue of the Hook and the astute estimator will win a trip to Order From Horder to pick out what else? a glorious umbrella with which to greet whatever may be coming from the skies next year.
Get guessing, and good luck!


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Listed below are the latest maximum weekly unemployment insurance benefit/compensation amounts by state. The Unemployment compensation (UC) program is designed to provide benefits to most individuals out of work or in between jobs, through no fault of their own.
Note, the table below contains the the maximum weekly unemployment insurance compensation (benefit) including adjustments for dependents where applicable. In most cases the number of dependents you have and average maximum weekly wage will impact the unemployment benefit you are eligible for. Please check the respective state unemployment website in the table below for state specific details, latest numbers and process to claim the benefits. The data in this post is informational only for reference.
The Federal-State UC program is a partnership based upon federal law, but administered by state employees under state laws. Thus each state designs its own UC program within the guidelines of the federal requirements, which includes setting the benefit amount along with eligibility and disqualification provisions. There are significant differences between states so please visit the state unemployment for detailed rules and benefit calculation scenarios.
I will keep updating the table with annual state unemployment benefit changes and encourage you to follow this site via social media to get the latest updates. State unemployment benefit information is constantly changing so if you notice any discrepancies please leave a comment and I will update.
Steps to Filing an Unemployment Claim
– Contact the State Unemployment Insurance agency as soon as possible after becoming unemployed. Go the website to see if you can file electronic claims or to get the location/number of the nearest unemployment office.
– Have details of your former employment available. Make sure to give complete and correct information to ensure no delays with your claim processing. It generally takes two to four weeks after you file your claim to receive your first benefit check.
– Your state unemployment website (links in table above) will generally allow you to calculate your estimated state unemployment benefits prior to or when submitting a claim. You will need to have your income/wages earned during the four prior calendar quarters (base year period) and also number of hours worked in some instances for each of these quarters. Since the wages you earn can vary significantly from quarter to quarter, you may want to consider these differences in deciding when to file your claim. Refer to your local state's website for specifics on calculations and eligibility.
The final amount of your benefit is determined after the State UI division process your application and validates income and employment duration with your employer(s).
Taxation on Unemployment Benefits
Unemployment insurance is taxable income and must be reported on your IRS federal income tax return. Your local state unemployment agency will send you form 1099-G to file with your tax return (see due dates). This form is sent in late January and outlines the amount of benefits paid to you during the previous year. You can choose to withhold income tax during the year with 10 percent being the maximum generally allowed.
Claiming Benefits Across Multiple States
If you worked and earned wages in multiple states you may be able to claim benefits from all these states relative to the income you earned. Generally you should first exhaust benefits from the state where you had the highest income and/or lived for the longest duration in the base year of figuring your claim. After which you can submit claims from the other states up to the maximum weekly benefit.


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The year is 2097. There are two classes of people living in what's left of the United States: rich Arians and the poverty ridden Ethnic majority. There is no middle class. The disparity between the rich and the poor has grown exponentially. The rich live in luxury. The poor survive by luck, by deception, and often through cannibalism. The government is composed of an iron-fisted of an unopposed Republican Party. The United States has turned into a place ...


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Triumphant: Sean Combs, George Lucas and Ingrid Saunders Jones
Sharpton praised Combs's record in the corporate world as offering inspiration to other young men from disadvantaged background who would not realize that they too can strive to succeed.
The Reverend Al. Sharpton often speaks glowingly of the late James Brown, the legend, for becoming the father he never knew and a mentor.
Now Sharpton, president of the National Action Network and host of his own MSNBC show has been returning the favor. On Tuesday evening as he was being honored with a Triumph Award at NAN's 3rd annual event Sean Diddy Combs told a full-house at Lincoln Center's Rose Theater about how Rev. Sharpton has helped him mature.
Also honored at the event were Ingrid Saunders Jones, Chair of The Coca-Cola Foundation and legendary producer George Lucas of Star Wars fame and recently of Red Tails, the story of the Tuskegee Airmen.
Combs, in a humble delivery, said he used to call Sharpton for advice whenever there was some trouble. But in recent years, Combs said, he's been calling Sharpton simply to find out what the NAN President was up to and what projects he could support by marshaling financial resources or getting people in the entertainment industry involved.
Combs mentioned Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Clarence Avon, and Quincy Jones, among Black leaders who inspired him. He said he valued the award even more so because he had not actively sought after it in the same manner he'd wanted a Grammy for example.
"When you get an award of this magnitude by such a prestigious organization you ask yourself, are you truly worthy of this award?" Combs said. "And for me, I had to be honest with myself. I had to honestly look at those have come before me and the responsibility that they've taken on, have took on, and honestly spawning me and a generation of young people like me to just feel like the things we were able to do, we were able to do it just through the hip-hip spirit and the hip-hop culture."
Combs said Sharpton had showed him "how to be a man" and that while it may have taken time for him to grow up, "better later than never." He said he also wanted to be involved in more worthy causes. "To whom much is given, much is expected," he said.
Standing right next to Sharpton, who was dressed in a sharp suit that evening, Combs brought the house down when he quipped: "Reverend Sharpton deserves a great round of applause not only for what he does in the community but the way he's carrying that suit."
"You know him as a celebrity; I know him as someone cerebral," Rev. Sharpton said, of Combs, whom he praised for his genius and tenacity in coming from a single parent home in Mt. Vernon, being involved in the growth of the hiphop industry and building an empire that now includes clothing, jewelry, fragrances, beverages, cinema, and television, in addition to music.
Sharpton joked that Combs was the only person he allowed to call him "pops."
He praised Combs's record in the corporate world as offering inspiration to other young men from disadvantaged background who would not realize that they too can strive to succeed.
He also commended Combs for his pioneering role in mobilizing young voters through Citizens Change and his philanthropic work. Combs has a foundation called Daddy House. "He has not made hits," Sharpton said, of Combs, "he is the hit."
Also honored were Ingrid Saunders Jones, Chair of The Coca-Cola Foundation, who received the Triumph Corporate Award -- hers was presented by Marva Smalls from Nickelodeon.
Sharpton praised George Lucas who used millions of dollars of his own money when Hollywood wouldn't finance the project. "Any book that is written about Hollywood would not be complete without George Lucas," Sharpton said, in remarks before Lucas was honored. Samuel L. Jackson, who was also in Star Wars, presented Lucas' award.
"Speaking Truth To Empower."
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