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Aspects of Alternative Educational Resources
Instead of spending money on expensive – and often inadequate – etextbooks, can educators use collections of web-based educational resources in their place?
Why abandon the textbook?
If K-12 educators want to provide high-quality digital content for their students, many etexbooks do not meet the mark. As covered in previous posts, most ereaders are not capable of mimicking the experience of reading a printed textbook. While many publishers and software developers are creating apps that allow for enhanced etextbook-reading, the offerings are slim, focusing primarily on a more academic audience.
Open vs. Pay
For many, the issue comes down to cost. Textbooks are expensive, and if the knowledge can be found in other places, is it worth the money? At the same time, reliable information is essential. The payoffs between open resources and vetted, published material need to be weighed by educators considering using alternate educational resources.
Online Textbooks
Educators are starting to use vetted online resources to create course-specific textbooks. There are sites that allow teachers to collaborate on the creation of textbooks in a wiki-format, and others that allow teachers to create their own ebooks from existing chapters of standards-based material.
- CK12 Flexbook – open content, web-based collaborative model of customizable, standards-aligned K-12 textbooks. Available online, or for Kindle or iPad.
- Flatworld Knowledge – Remixable, open-licensed textbooks created by expert educators, available free online and affordable offline.
- Wikijunior – A collection of wiki-based, age-appropriate non-fiction books for children until age 12.
- Wikibooks – Wiki-developed textbooks available free of charge under Creative Commons.
Online Courseware
Can't find a textbook to suit your needs? Instead, turn to online and app-based courseware. A variety of universities, academic groups and publishers are offering platforms to search and access educational resources. Students can use these resources, including instructional videos, virtual flashcards, quizzes and interactive 3D models, to learn more about their subjects.
- MIT Open Courseware – Contains free syllabi, lectures, experiments, video and audio clips and assignments for hundreds of courses. Be sure to click on High School Highlights.
- Connexions -An online community where you can view and share educational material. Designed to be used by both students and teachers
- Cengage Brain – This textbook provider offers a variety of purchasing & format options. They have begun making apps to enhance the textbook experience, with free study tools such as quizzes, flashcards and crossword puzzles.
- TCI – This site offers a subscription service for social sciences instruction, including lesson plans, programs and resources.
- Smarthistory – Smarthistory.org is an open, virtual art history textbook that uses multimedia to deliver unscripted conversations between art historians.
Learning Management Systems (LMS)
Learning Management Systems are great resources that teachers can use to organize and collect online resources, such as embedded videos, documents and links. Thought of another way, they could be used as a virtual textbook, created specifically by the teacher to meet educational needs.
- Moodle – With this open source LMS, teachers can create their own course pages to add links, downloads and resources. Many schools have implemented Moodle as their primary LMS, including the National Cathedral School.
- Blackboard – This commercial LMS has a large market share, with a variety of features.
- Edmodo – This free and secure site combines the features of an LMS and a social networking site. It is a school learning system in the guise of Facebook, designed upon a format that already has student buy-in. Teachers can create their own accounts easily and share them with students.
- Schoolology – Like Edmodo, this site combines the features of an LMS and a social networking site. It is a school learning system in the guise of Facebook, designed upon a format that already has student buy-in.
- Livebinders – This free and secure site lets teachers create their own accounts and collect resources in one location for their students.
Alternative Publishing Models
New publishing models have the potential to impact the textbook market, possibly making it easier for educators to rely on preferred textbooks, but in more affordable ways.
Print on demand – New technology, such as the Espresso book machine instantaneously print books at the push of a button. The machine is marketed towards private booksellers for now, but is interesting to consider when planning for the future. It may be easier to print only portions of text for those students who prefer printed materials, or cannot afford a tablet device.
Selective content purchasing – Many vendors already allow students to purchase individual chapters. In the future, will vendors allow their chapter content to be included in other open textbook sites through licensing agreements?
Articles and Resources
- "David Thornburg on Open-Source Textbooks." Ray, Betty.
Edutopia. 4, Jan. 2011.
- "Homepage High: Teachers, Computers, No Textbooks." Chivvis, Dana.
AOL News. 9, Feb. 2011.
- "Resources to Replace Textbooks – or how I teach physics without a textbook." Andrade, David.
Teach Paperless. 17, Feb. 2011.
- "Student Research: Can Googling Replace $168 Intro to Psych Textbook?" Schaffhauser, Dian.
Campus Technology. 16 Feb. 2011.
- "My experience with the Espresso Book Machine." Walters, Chris.
Teleread. 2 Feb. 2011.
- "How a New Generation of Teachers Will Change Schools." Martinez, Monica.
Phi Delta Kappan. Apr. 2010.
- "A Revolution on Hold." Fletcher, Geoffrey H.
T H E Journal. Jun/Jul. 2010.


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The Promise
Publisher's Summary
Barack Obama's inauguration as president on January 20, 2009, inspired the world. But the great promise of "Change We Can Believe In" was immediately tested by the threat of another Great Depression, a worsening war in Afghanistan, and an entrenched and deeply partisan system of business as usual in Washington. Despite all the coverage, the backstory of Obama's historic first year in office has until now remained a mystery.
In The Promise, Jonathan Alter, one of the country's most respected journalists and historians, uses his unique access to the White House to produce the first inside look at Obama's difficult debut.
What happened in 2009 inside the Oval Office? What worked and what failed? What is the president really like on the job and in off-hours, using what his best friend called "a Rubik's Cube in his brain"? These questions are answered here for the first time. We see how a surprisingly cunning Obama took effective charge in Washington several weeks before his election, made trillion-dollar decisions on the stimulus and budget before he was inaugurated, engineered colossally unpopular bailouts of the banking and auto sectors, and escalated a treacherous war not long after settling into office.
The Promise is a fast-paced and incisive narrative of a young risk-taking president carving his own path amid sky-high expectations and surging joblessness. Alter reveals that it was Obama alone—"feeling lucky"—who insisted on pushing major health care reform over the objections of his vice president and top advisors.
Alter takes the listener inside the room as Obama prevents a fistfight involving a congressman, coldly reprimands the military brass for insubordination, crashes the key meeting at the Copenhagen Climate Change conference, and bounces back after a disastrous Massachusetts election to redeem a promise that had eluded presidents since FDR.
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- Jim Cornelius
- 07-02-10
the only way to read a book like this
I loved the book. I never would have gone through it if I had to read it. but listening to it suited my life style very well. It was interesting to the end and J. Alter's voice was perfect for the book
Even though it had many details it kept my attention to the end.
I look forward to the second year.
6 people found this helpful
- Andy
- 05-30-10
goes way beyond the headlines and soundbites
Jonathan Alter's latest book provides an interesting and detailed "behind the scenes" view. His terrific narration, coupled with great research, makes you feel you were actually in the room. This book delivers colorful detail into the machinations from the run-up to the election through Obama's first year in office. Best of all, it is going to help me better understand how Obama will lead us going forward.
13 people found this helpful
- Peter Cowen
- 10-25-10
Gives Great Insight
The Promise really captured the essence of Obama, his personality, his decision making ability, his managerial style. Surprisingly, the book did a superb job of analyzing the key people around him notably Rahm Emanuel, Larry Summers, and Timothy Geithner and the rationale behind his policy decisions and priorities. The discussion about his "battle" with the military complex is fascinating.
It was a riveting read, from balancing the Republican strategy of saying no, the dynamics versus each of the Clintons and the remarkable campaign he mounted to win the Democratic nomination and then the presidency. How McCain and Palin were viewed was amusing.
The best book I have read by far on Obama from his campaign through is first year in office.
4 people found this helpful
- swatch1776
- 08-23-10
Personally, I think this is a fairly good narrative of the President's first year. It brings you through the journey of first year. His highs and his lows. While It does feel the author is a little partial to Obama, the author does show both good and bad. But ultimately this is chronicle of his first year. And I feel that most of the negative reviews are angry this isnt another Laura Ingram berate against Obama. If you want that, there are books you can buy, This is not it. Otherwise this is a good book to buy.
4 people found this helpful
- Marty Siegel
- 06-24-10
Amazing journalism and writing
I always knew Jonathan Alter was brilliant, listening to him frequently on MSNBC, but this book is insightful work. Every story was exciting, and I'll tell you why: for many of us political junkies, we know the public stories; what we don't know are the "behind the scenes" stories of President Obama's first year. Alter gives us this, with clarity and compelling prose.
The recent events with General McChrystal's resignation is made more clear after you've learned how the President developed his Afgan policy and the way he affirmed buy-in.
Of course the bottom line is that, again and again, I am pleased that Barack Obama is our president, and Alter's book helps me feel assured how the President and his staff are likely handling current crises (like BP).
I highly recommend this book. If I had my way, it would be required reading for every American who voted for the President; it would reaffirm their choice (despite some acknowledged screw-ups and a realization that "real change," almost by definition is "slow change.").
Good listening!
9 people found this helpful
- Beth Alois
- 06-30-10
Good book
Good summary of the Obama's first year in office. There is an excellent chapter on Obama's character.
The narration is amateurish. His voice often sounds tired. If Alter is going to do a book per year, his publisher should hire a professional reader.
3 people found this helpful
- Anonymous User
- 06-15-10
Best Book on Obama's Presidency
If your a tea bagger or love listening to Glenn Beck than this is not the book for you. But if you want to learn how the Obama Administration functions and what Obama's leadership style is like you will find this book endlessly fascinating. By far the best book out there on the Obama Presidency.
6 people found this helpful
- Tim Woodward sr
- 08-09-16
incredible, well read first rate
I just finished listening to it , August, 2016, so it really is ironic how most of how Obama started his presidency, the promises he made, came true and far exceeded our expectations.
Thank you, Mr. Alter!!!
- ivan
- 06-25-12
a decent book
The Promise provides a good summary of the firs months of the Obama presidency.
Its a decent book that succeeds in what it sets out to do.
Jonathan Alter is clearly sympathetic to Obama and his brand of pragmatic liberalism. So if you're looking for a neutral or a negative view of the president, this book will probably be an irritating disappointment.
By noting that this volume is decent I also want to highlight that it's not great.
Yes, by reading The Promise you would get a little more insider information about the young presidency than you would if you were following Obama in the pages of the New York Times. But you won't get that much more.
Most of the book consists of rehashing what any political junkie already knows (but may have forgotten).
Tidbits of novel insights are intermixed with the authors prolonged analysis and interpretations that can get redundant. They are by no means intolerable, its just that instead of having a feeling of reading a detailed history one often has a sense of consuming a vague, supportive editorial.
I don't have a problem with a liberal bias. I am a liberal and will enthusiastically support Obama in the upcoming elections. But this books lengthy and supportive psychoanalysis of Obama's character and vague support of his policies gets a little old.
Atler's transparent admiration of Obama shrouds the narrative with a blurry softness.
Basically, my problem is that instead of concrete information, after a brief and adequate summary of some event in 2009 you then get pro-Obama analysis of the event and the book moves on to something new.
Its not bad, and is pretty informative but leaves you without a sense of any great insight.
- Amr
- 09-18-11
A bit Biased
The fairly liberal author really likes Obama and his accomplishments in the first year, which is not surprising but it becomes very obvious sometimes (even for me, someone who favors Obama) which is not good for a book that is supposed to be a very early draft of history of the first year of the Obama presidency.
However, the book is full of details about what happened in the first year (even though they mostly favor Obama) and more importantly it offers details on Obama's management style and his attitude towards the commander-in-cheif and top executive job.
Enjoy the details of the book (especially, if you're interested in politics like I'm) but remember that it's a first somehow biased draft of history.

subset: commoncrawl


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10ft round Magic Circle trampoline with Magic Cage enclosure system
The Magic Cage integrated trampoline system provides the ultimate in safety for your children. It was designed for the safest of outdoor use with virtually no maintenance for years of safe family fun. The enclosure netting is sewn into the mat to create an integrated system that allows the net to move with the mat so that there are never any openings between the net and the mat where a child might get their hands or feet caught.
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Chelmsford, Massachusetts
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county and town page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.
Chelmsford is a town in Massachusetts. It was formed in 1655 and was previously called . It can be found in Middlesex county and is a part of the Northern registry of deed district. For more information, contact the county at 50 Billerica Rd., Chelmsford 01824. On the attached map, Chelmsford is shown as 12 in Middlesex county.
For information about the state of Massachusetts see Massachusetts Family History Research.


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Board Certification and Education
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, MI, 2015
Residencies & Internships
- Henry Ford Hospital, Internal Medicine, MI, 2018
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Fragrance NotesTop notes include bergamot and orange clove.Middle notes include jasmine and leafy greens.Bottom notes include cedar wood.
Natural links: Amber Vanilla, Autumn Walk, Coastal Reef, Sandalwood Jasmine, Sea Salt Vanilla
For over 20 years, Gold Canyon has been improving the quality of homes across the country. From the most fragrant jar candle on the market to our groundbreaking scent delivery systems, Gold Canyon's products are made to elevate your everyday!
Gold Canyon provides families and communities life-changing products and opportunities.
By setting the Gold Standard of Quality for candles, scented products and home decor, we've helped millions of people make their home and lives better.


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Showing 1-24 of 171 items found in Outdoors & Play
- Ordina per:
Magnificent, 1,700-acre museum of trees and plants from around the world. Hiking trails, paved roads, restaurant, gift shop, open-air tram and handicapped accessible facilities.
Nestled on 54 scenic acres, Blackberry Farm is a family-friendly destination that features unique play areas for all ages, live animals, amusement rides, and a living history museum that brings Aurora's history to life through demonstrations, exhibits and extensive artifact collections. Blackberry Farm is fun for all ages and is a great choice for your wedding, company picnic, birthday party or family reunion. All attractions are included with daily admission. Enjoy unlimited rides on the train, hay wagon, pedal tractors, paddle boats, carousel and ponies. Ice skating rink in winter when weather permits.
This 500-acre park offers vast formal gardens, picnic grounds, a top-ranked public golf course and two museums: Robert R. McCormick Museum and First Division Museum. Enjoy a wide variety of programs and events throughout the year, such as festivals, lectures, concerts and workshops.
Odyssey Fun World - Naperville
Out of this world family fun featuring a four-level exploration playland, tag team laser trek, interactive video/prize redemption/games and outdoor amusement park. Caters to groups.
The I&M Canal Trail offers 61 miles of picturesque hiking and biking trails that follow the historic route of the I&M Canal from Channahon to LaSalle. The Trail also boasts Illinois' longest continuous snowmobile trail, and is a favored route for cross-country skiers.
With 473 luxurious guest rooms, two championship golf courses, a renowned spa, award-winning dining and entertainment, three pools and extensive meeting and conference facilities, Pheasant Run hotel in St Charles IL is the perfect setting. And, while you're getting that special spa treatment or enjoying a romantic dinner or play, your children can have a great time in our Kid's Klub. This special program offers supervised activities for children ages 3 to 11 years. Activities include playing games, watching movies, and making crafts to take home. Plus, every Saturday you can visit the craft corner where Mom and Dad can join in on the fun and make some seasonal themed crafts with their kids. Board games are also available for check-out through the Activity Desk.
CITY:St. Charles
Established in 1915, this free zoo is open daily, year round. Exhibits include bald eagles, wolves, mountain lions, foxes, otters, elk, goats, llamas, turkeys and peacocks.
Pelican Harbor Indoor/Outdoor Aquatic Park
Illinois' only indoor/outdoor aquatic park features seven water slides, a lazy river, two zero-depth entry pools, a spray play area, diving well, sand playground and two concession stands.
View the spectacular display of 15,000 flowers of 15 varieties, plus a three-tiered fountain and the Four Seasons statues that complement this exquisite English garden.
This deluxe water park features tube slides, the second largest lazy river in Illinois, zero-depth pools, sand activity areas and concessions.
Kuipers Family Farm is a 230 acre entertainment farm. U-Pick Apple Orchard September thru October. Orchard Store is open thru Mid December offering apples, pasteurized apple cider, our famous cider donuts, home baked pies, cream & butter fudge & country gifts and goodies. Have we grown a challenge for you at The Amazing Maize Maze open weekends only thru October. U-Pick Pumpkin Farm Mid September thru October features Scarecrow Acres where customers can enjoy hay wagon and pony rides, the Haunted Forest, a petting corral and much more down-on-the-farm fun! U-Cut or precut Christmas Trees Nov. thru Mid Dec.
CITY:Maple Park
Saw Wee Kee Park sits along the south shore of the Fox River. Located in Oswego this park has an abundance of fun, advanced mountain bike singletrack trails to conquer. These 5 miles of steep inclines and quick descents will give you plenty of stories to tell your friends. While you are there you can also fish, kayak and canoe along the Fox River.
Cross-Country Skiing & Snowshoeing at The Morton Arboretum
Explore a winter wonderland at The Morton Arboretum, where you'll find 3.5 miles of groomed ski trails. Bring your own or rent a pair of snowshoes or cross-country skis (in children's and adult sizes). Ski trails are open when there are four or more inches of snow on the ground.
Aussie-themed Raging Waves is Illinois' largest outdoor waterpark! Sitting on more than 40 acres, this family-friendly waterpark features 20 water slides, a separate kiddie pool area, wave pool, lazy river, 24 private cabanas, a giant sandbox and more. Open Memorial Day to Labor Day.
Open area with both indoor buildings and outdoor displays. Special events are held here nearly every weekend, including the famous Kane County Flea Market.
CITY:St. Charles
Vaughn Athletic Center and Indoor Water Park
The Vaughan Athletic Center is dedicated to fitness excellence with quality equipment and programs designed to offer members the best value for their fitness dollar. The newest facility in the Fox Valley Park District is the Vaughan Athletic Center located on Indian Trail near Orchard Road on the far west side of Aurora. The Vaughan Athletic Center features 225,000 square feet of athletic, fitness, and aquatic fun. The Vaughan Athletic Center is home to an aquatic center with three indoor pools. The aquatic center offers lap swimming, diving boards, warm water therapy, swim lessons, and aquatic fitness classes. In addition, there is an indoor water park featuring two water slides, a lazy river, and spray and play areas. In the Vaughan Athletic Center's 10,000-square-foot, full-service fitness center, members can use a wide variety of equipment, attend the Fox Valley area's best group exercise classes, and receive personalized, one-on-one help from certified trainers. This year-round indoor water park has tube slides, zero-depth entry and interactive water play.
Haunted Trails Restaurant & Entertainment Park
Perfect setting to raise your spirits! 14 acre park offers 3 go kart tracks, two 18-hole mini golf courses, batting cages, laser tag arena, rides, 100+ games, restaurant w/ private dining room plus private 5 acre picnic grove for company picnics and groups up to 2,000.
Whether you're interested in science or just fishing in the ponds near the buffalo herd you're welcome at Fermilab. Take a self-guided tour of the laboratory, the Art Gallery and science and educational displays. View the grounds from the 15th floor observation area. Visitors may also visit the Lederman Science Center. Performing arts and lectures. Groups welcome by appointment. Public tours are offered every Wednesday at 10:30 a.m. and as part of the Ask-a-Scientist event on the first Sunday of each month.
Zero-depth sand beach, two islands, youth water slide, drop slide and diving tower with two-and four-meter platforms. Kid tested and family approved. This beach features a sand bottom swimming area covering 60,000 sq. ft. that includes: slides, an island diving area, playground, sand volleyball courts, a large sandy area for building castles, picnic area and concessions. Open May 23 through August 16. Hours 12 - 6 pm (Hours extended to 7 pm Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays).
Set among mature oak and hickory trees, lakes and streams, this full-service event facility with 27 holes offers both 18-hole and 9-hole play, and is recognized as one of the best public courses in America.
Cog Hill Golf and Country Club
The public is invited to play any of Cog Hill's four award-winning, 18-hole championship golf courses, including the world-famous Course #4, Dubsdread. Dubsdread was host to the PGA Tour's BMW Championship from 2009-2011.
Lincoln Highway Interpretive Mural - Batavia
Dotted along the 179-mile byway, you'll find an unprecedented series of interpretive murals. Each artistically embodies the cultural heritage of the community where it is located and the legacy of the historic highway. Needless to say, taking a road trip to all or a couple makes for a nostalgic adventure.
Galena Cellars Winery & Tasting Room
You're in good company. Experience the charm of Galena in suburban Geneva. The newest addition to the Galena Cellars Family, the Geneva Wine Tasting Room & Gift Shop hosts a beautiful oak bar in a light, airy setting. In the warmer months, enjoy live music with wine and cheese on the outdoor patio. Sit. Swirl. Sip & Savor. Relax on our beautiful Wine Patio after shopping Geneva's historic district.
A tranquil oasis where history melds with nature and design. This historic garden affords the opportunity to experience the uniqueness of Japanese gardening and enjoy a moment of harmony with nature.


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Close calls at level crossings are taking a huge toll on train drivers and those who narrowly miss death. Read more
- RailSafety
Your stories
- Mike Kilsby "It impacts on all your family and friends"
- View all of your storiesAll rail crossings should be treated with respect. Read stories from victims to train engineers, talking about rail crossing crashes.
- Campaigns
- NewsLatest rail safety stories in the media
- Main North Line RebuildKeeping safe on the Main North Line
- PostersDownloadable rail safety posters
- Heavy Vehicle ResearchHeavy Vehicle Safety Campaign
- Rail Safety WeekRail Safety Week is an annual awareness raising event
- Train SimulatorDownload the train simulator
- TV ProgrammesRail safety news stories help raise awareness about the issues
- Rail environment
- Facts about trainsTrains are usually travelling faster than they appear
- Rail in New ZealandThere are around 3000 level crossings in New Zealand
- Level crossingsA unique part of the road/rail interface
- Crossing protectionPublic crossings all have either 'active' or 'passive' protection
- Research and ProjectsCurrent level crossing safety research and projects
- Auckland UpgradesThe strategy is to remove all at-grade railway crossings in Auckland
- Upgrades to CrossingsKiwiRail plans to carry out 8 upgrades a year
Safety advice
- MotoristsMotorists must always give way to trains and other rail vehicles
- PedestriansThere are only certain areas you can legally cross railway tracks
- Overhead WiresOverhead wires present significant safety risks
- Platforms and stationsBehind the yellow line is your best protection
- Travelling with childrenTake particular care around trains when travelling with children
- Rail safety in schoolsTrackSAFE promotes best practice rail safety education
- Electric TrainsElectric trains are faster and quieter than diesel powered trains
- Heavy vehiclesSafety advice for heavy vehicle drivers
- TrespassingTrespass is the leading cause of deaths on the railway
- Level crossing collisions228 vehicles have collided with trains in the past ten years
- Near collisionsOver a third of near collisions occur at crossings with barrier arms
- CausesMost collisions happen because the driver or pedestrian has made a mistake
- The LawTrains have the legal right of way at all times
- TrackSAFE NZTrackSAFE is an awareness raising charitable trust
- What we doWe aim to raise awareness and educate about rail safety
- Board of TrusteesWho governs the operations of TrackSAFE NZ
- Our PartnersTrackSAFE NZ relies on sponsorship and donations
- Rail Safety AwardsNominations open for Safety Leadership Award
- This SiteFind information about keeping safe on this website
- TrackSAFE AustraliaWe collaborate closely with TrackSAFE in Australia on related campaigns


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- The Library Shop
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- Gifts of Materials to NYPL
© The New York Public Library, 2020
The New York Public Library is a 501(c)(3) | EIN 13-1887440
The cigarette card series in this digital presentation comprise just the beginning of the Library's extensive, international collection of tobacco cards, which now numbers more than 125,000 individual items, including more than 3000 complete sets. While bibliophile George Arents (1875-1960) did not collect cigarette cards, he provided an endowment for the continued growth of his comprehensive collection on tobacco (whose processing and packaging had provided his fortune), which he had begun donating to NYPL in 1944. In addition to literature and artworks, the tobacco collection's scope has come to encompass a wide range of visual materials and printed ephemera associated with that commodity. The cigarette cards were acquired by curators in the 1960s and later .
Cigarette or tobacco cards began in the mid-19th century as premiums, enclosed in product packaging. They were usually issued in numbered series of twenty-five, fifty, or larger runs to be collected, spurring subsequent purchases of the same brand. Typically, these small cards feature illustrations on one side with related information and advertising text on the other. (This digital presentation enables both views.) The height of cigarette card popularity occurred in the early decades of the 20th century, when tobacco companies around the world issued card sets in an encyclopedic range of subjects. After a slump during the First World War, popularity resumed, with new emphasis on film stars, sports, and military topics. Plants, animals, and monuments of the world remained perennially favorite themes.
While most cards were produced by conventional offset or other economical commercial printing processes, a few series were issued as original gelatin silver photographs or printed on silk or linen fabric; others were created as puzzles or paper toy cut-outs. The appeal of contemporary cigarette cards fell by the 1950s, ceasing their production and distribution.
Bagnall, Dorothy. Collecting Cigarette Cards and Other Trade Issues. [c1965]
Burdick, J.R. The American Card Catalog; a Comprehensive Listing ... ([1946?])
Cartophilic Society of Great Britain. Cartophilic Reference Books. ([1942]-1969)
Cartophilic Society of Great Britain. The Cartophilic Notes & News. (1965- )
Christie's South Kensington. The Bernard Perrin Collection of Printed and Woven Silk Cigarette and Periodical Inserts [auction catalog] (September 27, 1978)
Cruse, A.J. Cigarette Card Cavalcade; Including a Short History of Tobacco. (1958)
Duke University, John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History. "Tobacco Advertising: Emergence of Advertising in America: 1850-1920." (c2000)
Evans, Idrisyn Oliver. Cigarette Cards, and How to Collect Them. (1937)
Fletcher, H. George. "Indomitable Collector: George Arents, Jr. and The New York Public Library." Biblion: The Bulletin of The New York Public Library 9, no.1/2 (Fall 2000/Spring 2001):87-103.
Genders, Roy. A Guide to Collecting Trade and Cigarette Cards. (1975)
Harvard University, Baker Library. "The 19th-Century American Trade Card." (c2001) <http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/19th_century_tcard/>
Howsden, Gordon. Collecting Cigarette & Trade Cards. (1995)
Jay, Robert. The Trade Card in Nineteenth-Century America. (1987)
London Cigarette Card Company. The Catalogue of International Cigarette Cards. (c1982)
Murray Cards (International). Catalogue of Cigarette & Other Trade Cards. 3.ed. (1981)
Scott, Amoret and Christopher Scott. Tobacco and the Collector. (c1966)
Talbot, Steve. "Steve Talbot's Cartophily Pages." (last updated 11 december 2002) <http://www.stevetalbot.com/cards/>


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That's a relief. For some reason, I read it would be 22 episodes. Kinda silly, as I feel the series has already reached some crucial points in momentum.Originally Posted by daydreamin
I know. My fav is Winnie using the portable camera and following shoulder level, adding the natural strides of walking to the scenes. There's this rich, organic feel to this type of camera work that adds a dimension of raw reality to the mood.I absolutely love this drama and all of its layers. Winnie does such a fabulous job with some of the shots; I'm left swooning over not only You Ching-Da Ren (and admittedly, You Ching-Li Wei sometimes, too), but also just the gorgeous shots themselves!
Ok, I can keep this obscure without being spoilery. RE: Li Wei, I'm surprised myself at how much I like what they're doing with his involvement. It's pleasantly acceptable because the chemistry actually works. I didn't think it would. Instead of an antagonism and cliche, I think it brings a tangible conflict and bittersweet element to the whole dynamic of the plot. I think it's serving more to explore the concept of letting go/moving on, rather than incite drama. It's not an easy thing, and I think the way Li Wei is being managed in context of the drama has really done the subject justice. Helps that his voice is such a pleasure to listen to.
I know what you mean. I just think ep. 9 fever is hard to die down from .NuDaFu, I can't imagine anything topping Ep. 9 right now either... but I've said that about almost every episode since the beginning.
Epi 2 and the holiday eppie are also major favs. But heck, I'm re-watching all epis again and again to hold off the addictive wait for the next new epi.
I was somewhat raving about BBJX early on, but I think this series has definitely scored the bull's eye for my fav series of 2011


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Thursday & Friday 7pm
Saturday 10am & 1pm
Sunday 3pm
Join Us For Worship:
Sunday School 9:00am Sunday
Worship Celebration 10:15am Sunday
Adult Bible Study 7:00pm Wednesday
Youth Bible Study 7:00pm Wednesday
Noon-Day Hour of Power 12pm Wednesday
Men Bible Study - 7:00pm Thursday
STJ-Domestic Violence Prayer Vigil 2019
Thanks to everyone who shared in our 6th Annual Domestic Violence Prayer Vigil! It's our job to bring awareness to issues that plague our community!
Our New Website is Online
Information on our organization is now available online.


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Metastatic cancer is cancer that has spread from its original location to another part of the body, most commonly the lungs, liver and bones. It happens when cancer cells break away from a tumor, travel through either the bloodstream or the lymph system (a collection of vessels that carries fluid and immune system cells) and create a new tumor elsewhere.
Even when cancer has spread to a new area, it's still named after the part of the body where it started (the primary cancer). Treatment is also based on the primary cancer. For example, if prostate cancer spreads to the bones, it's still called prostate cancer (not bone cancer), and the doctor will recommend treatments that have been shown to help against metastatic prostate cancer. Likewise, breast cancer that has spread to the lungs is still called breast cancer, not lung cancer, and is treated as metastatic breast cancer.


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Welcome to Prime Time Specials, a feature of Broadway Digital Entertainment --providing the most extensive selection of Broadway plays and great works of literature produced for television over the past five decades. The New York Times has deemed this extraordinary collection as "the crown jewels" of public and network television... and the catalog is available now for broadcast television.
April Shawnham
Appearances in the BDE Catalog:
Cast in Much Ado About Nothing


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Check the Hunter Education Course Schedule for new & updated class dates for Hunter Education, Field Day/Live Fire, and Bowhunter Education. We also offer online course options for New Mexico residents 11 years of age or older.
Buy Your Tickets Today!
The New Mexico Department of Game and Fish has partnered with the New Mexico Hunger Action Fund to host the 2020 Governor's Special Hunt Auction and Banquet.
Once again, the department will auction over a dozen premier hunting and fishing packages to benefit the Game Protection Fund of New Mexico. The event starts at 5 p.m. on Saturday, Mar. 14 at the National Hispanic Cultural Center, 1701 4th Street SW, Albuquerque, NM 87102.
- Opens 5 p.m. Saturday., Mar. 14.
- Dinner served at 7 p.m.
- Auction begins at 8 p.m.
Don't miss your opportunity to bid on one of many spectacular hunts, including elk, ibex, oryx , mule deer, coues deer, pronghorn, turkey, upland game hunting and premier fishing excursions.
There will be many other items in the auction including raffles and games. Proceeds benefit the New Mexico Hunger Action Fund. Tickets for the event are $600 for a reserved table for 10, $125 per couple and $75 for a single.
Seating is limited, so don't delay!2020 Governor's Special Hunt Auction and Banquet (Flier)
Deadline to submit late 2019–20 harvest reports for deer, elk, pronghorn antelope and turkey. All 2019–20 license holders must report to be eligible for 2020–21 draw licenses. Reports can be submitted online or by telephone. See 2020-21 New Mexico Hunting Rules & Info Book.
Failure to report for these species by this date will result in rejection of all draw applications. An $8 late fee applies after February 15, 2020. Remember to keep your confirmation number.
Deadline to apply for 2020 Draw Licenses for Barbary sheep, bighorn sheep, deer, elk, ibex, javelina, pronghorn and oryx, and to apply for Private-land Only Deer License for Units 2A, 2B, 2C, 4 and 5A. Applications must be completed before 5 p.m. Mountain Daylight Time (MDT). See 2020-21 New Mexico Hunting Rules & Info
2020–21 over-the-counter (OTC) license types, including game-hunting licenses and game-hunting & fishing licenses, are available online, by telephone and at NMDGF offices and license vendors.


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Search Site
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Search found 1 item
Thu, 08/30/2018 - 3:02pm
... us with the products of artificial intelligence (AI) research. These AI systems mainly work behind the scenes, in ... platform or the recommender algorithms on a retail Web site, for example. A new generation of intelligent systems ... products or documents to people who need them, and urban search and rescue robots that assist human rescue workers to ...
Communities: Autonomous Systems, Military Sensing, RMQSI


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Best residential site about center of Phnom Penh.Free of Charge from LeasingTenant.
Contact information
Recommend for Rent
Embassy Residence
De Castle Royal
Useful Information
Property on Map
Find real estate in annahome.asia by map
About Cambodia
Basic information about Cambodia.
Shop around BKK1
BKK1 has been surrounded a lot of cozy shops. Don't miss it.


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Behind the Rocket Dog brand are two shoe manufacturers who have been responsible for the design and marketing of labels such as Candies, Esprit and Sam & Libby for forty years. Their dream was to create a young, dynamic shoe and clothing range that would appeal to anyone and everyone who refuses to grow old. In 1997, they launched the brand's debut product; the "California" sandal. It was a roaring success and the Rocket Dog brand was born. Hailing from sunny southern California, Rocket Dog is a shoe company that radiates happiness colour, and good vibes! Behind the label, two young men with years of experience in the American shoe business decided to launch a brand. A brand that would share their larger than life personalities and some of the laid-back California lifestyle with the world! Enter Rocket Dog shoes! Founded in 1977, and now a famous brand worldwide, Rocket Dog shoes aren't for the fainthearted. Strong on print, bright colours and quirky detailing like nautical robe and fabric bows, Rocket Dog play with conventional comfortable shoes and create something far more exciting! Their quirky wooden clogs and retro Sedona heels are perfect for day or night, while their incredible range of cowboy and knee high boots will see you through every seasons! Rocket Dog trainers like the platform Baker and Billie are perfectly on trend thanks to their 90s style thick soles, while fans of pattern and bright prints will be in heaven with the zany printed Amaya and Andrea canvas sneakers. Rocket Dog shoes are for all independent women, both the young and young of heart, who love fashion, colour, and mixing styles. Don't think twice about rocking up a "sensible" look with Rocket Dog's jazzin plimsolls or patterned Ornelai heels!
Create an alert to receive brand updates by e-mail!


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We offer only the best in quality and technology for installation companies who seek the most superior turf products.
With water conservation restrictions in Madrid and the never ending battle to maintain lush, great, inviting and functional grass spaces, our business
Artificial Turf is the ultimate problem solving product. Quality fake grass in Madrid, Iowa, will provide you with much more than a great looking Artificial Turf in Madrid and a means of conserving energy. Installed correctly, your new synthetic turf will be an investment in your house, enhancing your lifestyle by providing a amazing and always available living space for your home in Madrid.
A synthetic grass are more than just the Artificial Turf itself. It's a complete landscaping system. The fake grass system includes preparation of the ground the synthetic turf will be installed on, the drainage through the artificial turf backing, the infill used to keep the synthetic turf blades standing up, and the fibers that creates the blades. The DIY turf itself is sometimes referred to as synthetic artificial grass or an synthetic grass. The top fake grass is comprised of fibers or yarn that are tufted or quilted into a backing to create the appearance of an genuine garden. Our company is committed to providing the top fake grass at the most competitive prices.
Our Business carries the best advanced synthetic grass available, engineered to look and feel like real grass. Our goal is to get you the best value for your money on your DIY turf purchase. We have addressed safety concerns, environmental benefits, aesthetics, durability, availability, and price comparison to ensure our synthetic turf exceed expectations. If you're interested in saving money, conserving water, and creating a home with exceptional curb appeal, Artificial Turf may be the option you're seeking.
Turf Pros Solution for synthetic turf in Madrid, Iowa
Whether you're ready to permanently end to costly lawn maintenance, have become tired of the bare spots and ineffective yearly re-planting, or simply want to install a new recreational space to enjoy your house with friends, we have quality synthetic artificial grass to suit your needs. Turf Pros Solution has fake grass that are almost indistinguishable from the real thing. We only offer and installs the most unique, precise, and longest-lasting grass alternatives.
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Artificial Turf for Madrid, Iowa
Choosing the best DIY turf for Madrid, Iowa can be tough, as there are many options on the market. If you are looking professional artificial turf look for the following:
- Amazing looking. Ask for samples and compare the Artificial Turf to real grass.
- Good drainage. Your synthetic turf needs to be able to efficiently drain any rainwater that may fall on it.
- Professional blade density. High blade density makes synthetic turf look realistic.
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Before you buy synthetic artificial grass get free samples!
Below is why you should consider artificial turf in Madrid, Iowa:
Save maintenance & water costs with DIY turf
Synthetic artificial grass in Madrid, Iowa will save money on utilities, spend less time and energy on maintenance, make your lawn more beautiful and colorful, and increase your home's curb appeal – all of that while supporting the environment and local ecosystem. Regardless of whether you live in a drought-plagued region or not, our professionals synthetic grass can save you money while keeping your yard looking amazing.
Environmentally friendly synthetic grass in Madrid
Since the product requires no maintenance from gas or electric-powered grasslawn equipment, our team synthetic grass is more eco-friendly than even natural grass, specially in Madrid. With global warming, water restrictions are often applied in an attempt to save the precious liquid. These restrictions can be devastating for real grass lawns, actually destroying them completely in some cases. Since DIY turf needs no water at all to survive, these restrictions have no effect on it at all, and synthetic grass in Madrid, Iowa will stay green and fresh-looking all through the year.
Lovely, lush appearance, all year round synthetic artificial grass in Madrid
The fake grass in Madrid you purchase from us, means that you will have a superb, lush looking lawn all through the year, no matter what the season. The exclusive fibers we use in the manufacture of our end product, makes it the ideal DIY turf for Madrid, Iowa.
Strong and long-lasting artificial turf
Turf Pros Solution DIY turf is designed to be resilient and durable in any number of situations. Its longevity makes it ideal for outdoors – it can even be used indoors. Another plus to having an Artificial Turf installation, is that it does not fade. It is UV stabilised and will retain its colour and integrity season after season. With proper care and maintenance, fake grass can last upwards of 25 years.
Unlimited design possibilities with Artificial Turf
One great advantage about fake grass in Madrid, Iowa is that it can be used in many places where it is not always possible to grow real grass, like rooftops, steeply sloping ground, indoors, non-accessible areas, or those areas that get little to no sunshine at all. Contrary to what some people believe, Turf Pros Solution Artificial Turf looks and feels like the real thing, and is nothing at all like an indoor/outdoor carpet.
Remain clean with artificial turf
Synthetic artificial grass in Madrid is especially valuable in those high wear and tear areas, such as where children play all the time, and bald patches start to form. These bald, sandy patches can be a problem after it rains and mud forms, causing a terrible mess everywhere. Getting Artificial Turf installers in to carefully lay your synthetic grass for you, will have blend in perfectly with the rest of your garden, and help tremendously, to overcome the mud and mess problem, and create a clean environment.
Remember, artificial turf is perfect for kids
Young ones love playing outdoors, but sometimes we have to keep them away from the grass because of mud, allergies, or rocks – but not with artificial turf. By having Turf Pros Solution Artificial Turf installed in Madrid, Iowa children are able to spend more time outside playing in the fresh air and enjoying the garden. When installing fake lawn, you know exactly what they are playing in – and that it is safe.
Artificial grass is a healthier choice
Many people suffer from allergies in Madrid, Iowa and the presence of grass and pollen is uncomfortable for them, causing a slew of uncomfortable side effects. All of this can be avoided with the installation of Turf Pros Solution Artificial Turf, allowing those suffering from allergies to avoid the unpleasantness and be able to make the most of clear days, enjoying the lawn and garden the same way everyone else does.
DIY Turf Applications
Madrid, Iowa homeowners, schools and municipalities are increasingly removing real grass from yards, and opting to install DIY turf instead. One of the great things about artificial turf is its versatility; it really can be used anywhere and for a many different applications. Whatever your vision for your space, we have the ability to turn that vision into reality.
DIY turf for Madrid, Iowa Homeowners
Synthetic turf doesn't need water, fertilizers, chemicals or mowing. It is resistant to wear and tear, it protects from gophers, which can be a big advantage in some regions. Our synthetic grass provides equal parts versatility and aesthetic appeal. Although organic grass looks great, it can be labor intensive and time consuming due to ongoing maintenance requirements but the same can't be said of DIY turf. For many people, dedicating time to lawn maintenance is just not an option to busy schedules. In some cases, the weather does not help matters, thus necessitating the use of readily available and affordable synthetic grass. Advances in the manufacture of DIY turf have made it possible for homeowners to find grass that is less abrasive, looks natural and is durable. This is opposed to the plastic-looking, bright green fake lawn that were available on the market in the past. Organic lawns require regular watering, weeding and cutting to keep it looking great. On the other hand, DIY turf are fade-resistant, hygienic, safe and easy to clean.
DIY turf for Commercial Properties in Madrid
Using artificial grass for commercial properties is not only ideal for the planet and helps contribute to building green, it also improves the bottom line by reducing costs associated with maintenance of organic landscapes. Also, while DIY turf produces an excellent looking, perfectly manicured lawn, it requires no use whatsoever, of pesticides, herbicides, or fertilizers, which contain toxic chemicals and are harmful not only to humans and animals, but the environment as a whole.
DIY turf for Sports Fields in Madrid
Why are so many grass fields being replaced with synthetic turf? Well, the answer is quite simple. Artificial Turf increases the use of a converted fields by approximately 31% per year, which can create a greater capacity for the sports community as a whole. There are many types of sports turf being used such as: football synthetic grass, soccer fake lawn, baseball fake lawn, putting green fake lawn, batting cage artificial turf. Today, more and more traditional fields are being replaced by artificial turf that houses a variety of perks for both your team, your neighborhood and your environment.
Pet's Artificial turf Installation in Madrid
Your pet is an important part of the family. That's why they deserve a safe and durable fake lawn for their recreation, relief and comfort. Turf Pros Solution synthetic artificial grass are specifically developed for your furry friends! More than eighty percent of people who are interested in fake lawn are dog owners! Why? Most dogs will have an area in the yard that they choose to use when they relieve themselves, which will ruin the nature grass and creating ugly looking brown spots, before Artificial Turf, there is almost no proper alternative for this problem. Our durable pet turf system ensures a safe, fun and low maintenance environment for you and your pets. We are proud to be present in animal shelters, boarding kennels, and ranches across the nation.
Synthetic Turf in Madrid, Iowa
Looking to buy fake grass in Madrid, Iowa? Whatever your needs are – from sport fields, synthetic turf for dogs, putting greens, commercial, contractors, or homeowners, we have everything you need to succeed. When you install synthetic turf, you're making an investment that will last up to 25 years. With synthetic grass you are putting finances towards making your yard functional and beautiful and allowing yourself to improve your investment value.
Find Synthetic Turf in your city:
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It is possible to customise the main menu, i.e. to reorder or to hide some of its items (only the main menu can be customised, submenus can not). To accomplish this, load a .cfg file (as described in section 13.3) containing the following line: root menu order:items, where "items" is a comma separated list (no spaces around the commas!) of the following words: bookmarks, files, database, wps, settings, recording, playlists, plugins, system_menu, shortcuts. Each of the words, if it occurs in the list, activates the appropriate item in the main menu. The order of the items is given by the order of the words in the list. The items whose words do not occur in the list will be hidden, with one exception: the menu item Settings will be shown even if its word is not in the list (it is added as the last item then).
The following configuration example will change the main menu so that it will contain only the items for the file browser, for resuming the playback, and for changing the settings (the latter will be added automatically).
To reset the menu items to the default, use root menu order:- (i.e. use a hyphen instead of "items").
This configuration entry can only be created and edited with a text editor or the Main Menu Config Plugin (see section 12.4.12). It is not possible to change this setting via the settings menu.
Rockbox supports custom fonts. A collection of fonts is available for download in the font package at http://www.rockbox.org/daily.shtml.
Rockbox can load fonts dynamically. Simply copy the .fnt file to the player and "play" it in
the File Browser. If you want a font to be loaded automatically every time you start up, it
must be located in the /.rockbox/fonts directory and the filename must be at most 24
characters long. You can browse the fonts in /.rockbox/fonts under Settings → Theme
Settings → Font in the Main Menu.
Note: Advanced Users Only: Any BDF font should be usable with Rockbox. To convert from .bdf to .fnt, use the convbdf tool. This tool can be found in the tools directory of the Rockbox source code. See CreateFonts#ConvBdf for more details. Or just run convbdf without any parameters to see the possible options.
Rockbox can load language files at runtime. Simply copy the .lng file (do not use the .lang
file) to the player and "play" it in the Rockbox directory browser or select Settings → General
Settings → Language from the Main Menu.
Note: If you want a language to be loaded automatically every time you start up, it must be
located in the /.rockbox/langs directory and the filename must be a maximum of 24
characters long.
If your language is not yet supported and you want to write your own language file find the instructions on the Rockbox website: LangFiles
Rockbox has the capability to modify the File Browser to show files of different types in different colours, depending on the file extension.
There are two steps to changing the filetype colours – creating a file with the extension .colours and then activating it using a config file. The .colours files must be stored in the /.rockbox/themes/ directory. The .colours file is just a text file, and can be edited with your text editor of choice.
The .colours file consists of the file extension (or folder) followed by a colon
and then the colour desired as an RGB value in hexadecimal, as in the following
The permissible extensions are as follows:
folder, m3u, m3u8, cfg, wps, lng, rock, bmark, cue, colours, mpa, mi4, mp1, mp2, mp3, ogg, oga, wma, wmv, asf, wav, flac, ac3, a52, mpc, wv, m4a, m4b, mp4, mod, shn, aif, aiff, spx, sid, adx, nsf, nsfe, spc, ape, mac, sap, mpg, mpeg, bmp, fnt, kbd
All file extensions that are not either specifically listed in the .colours files or are not in the list above will be set to the colour given by ???. Extensions that are in the above list but not in the .colours file will be set to the foreground colour as normal.
To activate the filetype colours, the .colours file needs to be invoked from a .cfg
configuration file. The easiest way to do this is to create a new text file containing the
following single line:
filetype colours: /.rockbox/themes/filename.colours
where filename is replaced by the filename you used when creating the .colours file. Save this file as e.g. colours.cfg in the /.rockbox/themes directory and then activate the config file from the menu as normal (Settings → Theme Settings→ Browse Theme Files).
The built-in Text Editor (see section 12.4.24) automatically understands the .colours file
format, but an external text editor can also be used. To edit the .colours file using Rockbox,
"play" it in the File Browser. The file will open in the Text Editor. Upon selecting a line, the
following choices will appear:
If Extension is selected, the virtual keyboard (see section 4.1.3) appears, allowing the file extension to be modified. If Colour is selected, the colour selector screen appears. Choose the desired colour, then save the .colours file using the standard Text Editor controls.
Rockbox supports showing an image as a backdrop in the File Browser and the menus. The backdrop image must be a .bmp file of the exact same dimensions as the display in your player (160×128×16 with the last number giving the colour depth in bits). To use an image as a backdrop browse to it in the File Browser and open the Context Menu (see section 4.1.2) on it and select the option Set As Backdrop. If you want rockbox to remember your backdrop the next time you start your player the backdrop must be placed in the /.rockbox/backdrops directory.
By default, the UI is drawn on the whole screen. This can be changed so that the UI is
confined to a specific area of the screen, by use of a UI viewport. This is done by adding the
following line to the .cfg file for a theme:
ui viewport: X,Y,[width],[height],[font],[fgcolour],[bgcolour]
Only the first two parameters have to be specified, the others can be omitted using '−' as a placeholder. The syntax is very similar to WPS viewports (see section 13.2.2). Briefly:
This displays the menu starting at 15px from the left of the screen and 20px from the top of the screen. It is 100px wide and 150px high. The font and the foreground/background colours are defined in the theme .cfg file or in the Theme Settings menu.
There are various different aspects of the Rockbox interface that can be themed – the WPS or While Playing Screen, the FMS or FM Screen (if the player has a tuner), and the SBS or Base Skin. The WPS is the name used to describe the information displayed on the player's screen whilst an audio track is being played, the FMS is the screen shown while listening to the radio, and the SBS lets you specify a base skin that is shown in the menus and browsers, as well as the WPS and FMS. The SBS also allows you to control certain aspects of the appearance of the menus/browsers. There are a number of themes included in Rockbox, and you can load one of these at any time by selecting it in Settings → Theme Settings → Browse Theme Files. It is also possible to set individual items of a theme from within the Settings → Theme Settings menu.
The theme files are simple text files, and can be created (or edited) in your favourite text editor. To make sure non-English characters display correctly in your theme you must save the theme files with UTF-8 character encoding. This can be done in most editors, for example Notepad in Windows 2000 or XP (but not in 9x/ME) can do this.
The theme .cfg file should be placed in the /.rockbox/themes directory, while the .wps, .fms and .sbs files should be placed in the /.rockbox/wps directory. Any images used by the theme should be placed in a subdirectory of /.rockbox/wps with the same name as the theme, e.g. if the theme files are named mytheme.wps, mytheme.sbs etc., then the images should be placed in /.rockbox/wps/mytheme.
All full list of the available tags are given in appendix section D; some of the more powerful concepts in theme design are discussed below.
Note: Keep in mind that your player's resolution is 160×128×16 (with the last number giving the colour depth in bits) when designing your own WPS, or if you use a WPS designed for another target.
By default, a viewport filling the whole screen contains all the elements defined in each theme file. The elements in this viewport are displayed with the same background/ foreground colours and the text is rendered in the same font as in the main menu. To change this behaviour a custom viewport can be defined. A viewport is a rectangular window on the screen with its own foreground/background colours. This window also has variable dimensions. To define a viewport a line starting %V(… has to be present in the theme file. The full syntax will be explained later in this section. All elements placed before the line defining a viewport are displayed in the default viewport. Elements defined after a viewport declaration are drawn within that viewport. Loading images (see Appendix section D.21) should be done within the default viewport. A viewport ends either with the end of the file, or with the next viewport declaration line. Viewports sharing the same coordinates and dimensions cannot be displayed at the same time. Viewports cannot be layered transparently over one another. Subsequent viewports will be drawn over any other viewports already drawn onto that area of the screen.
%V(x,y,[width],[height],[font]) %Vf([fgcolour]) %Vb([bgcolour]) %Vg(start, end [,text])
Note: The correct number of commas with hyphens in blank fields are still needed.
Viewport definition
Default value
remaining part of screen
user defined
foreground/background colours
defined by theme
Set the viewport text style to 'mode' from this point forward
Mode can be the following:
Restore the default style
Draw lines inverted
Draw the text coloured by the value given in 'param'. Functionally equivalent to using the %Vf() tag
Draw the next 'param' lines using a gradient as defined by %Vg. By default the gradient is drawn over 1 line. %Vs(gradient,2) will use 2 lines to fully change from the start colour to the end colour
Any viewport can be displayed either permanently or conditionally. Defining a viewport as %V(… will display it permanently.
Viewports can share identifiers so that you can display multiple viewports with one %Vd line.
This example checks for album art. Album art will be displayed in viewport 'a',
if it is found. Otherwise a red flashing warning will be displayed in viewport 'b'.
Note: The tag to display conditional viewports must come before the tag to preload the viewport in the .wps file.
As mentioned above, it is possible to set a UI viewport via the theme .cfg file. It is also possible to set the UI viewport through the SBS file, and to conditionally select different UI viewports.
Additional fonts can be loaded within each screen file to be used in that screen. In this way
not only can you have different fonts between e.g. the menu and the WPS, but you can use
multiple fonts in each of the individual screens.
An example would be: %Fl(2,12-Nimbus.fnt,100)
If the tag specified by "xx" has a value, the text between the "<" and the "|" is displayed (the true part), else the text between the "|" and the ">" is displayed (the false part). The else part is optional, so the "|" does not have to be specified if no else part is desired. The conditionals nest, so the text in the if and else part can contain all % commands, including conditionals.
For tags with multiple values, like Play status, the conditional can hold a list of alternatives, one for each value the tag can have. Example enumeration:
The last else part is optional, and will be displayed if the tag has no value. The WPS parser will always display the last part if the tag has no value, or if the list of alternatives is too short.
You can display information about the next song – the song that is about to play after the one currently playing (unless you change the plan).
If you use the upper-case versions of the three tags: F, I and D, they will instead refer to the
next song instead of the current one. Example: %Ig is the genre name used in the next song
and %Ff is the mp3 frequency.
Note: The next song information will not be available at all times, but will most likely be available at the end of a song. We suggest you use the conditional display tag a lot when displaying information about the next song!
It is possible to group items on each line into 2 or more groups or "sublines". Each subline will be displayed in succession on the line for a specified time, alternating continuously through each defined subline.
Items on a line are broken into sublines with the semicolon ';' character. The display time for each subline defaults to 2 seconds unless modified by using the '%t' tag to specify an alternate time (in seconds and optional tenths of a second) for the subline to be displayed.
Subline related special characters and tags:
Each alternating subline can still be optionally scrolled while it is being displayed, and scrollable formats can be displayed on the same line with non-scrollable formats (such as track elapsed time) as long as they are separated into different sublines. Example subline definition:
Conditionals can be used with sublines to display a different set and/or number of sublines on the line depending on the evaluation of the conditional. Example subline with conditionals:
The format above will do two different things depending if ID3 tags are present. If the ID3 artist and title are present:
If the ID3 artist and title are not present:
Note that by using a subline display time of 0 in one branch of a conditional, a subline can be skipped (not displayed) when that condition is met.
You can have as many as 52 images in your WPS. There are various ways of displaying images:
Example on background image use:
The image with filename background.bmp is loaded and used in the WPS.
Example on bitmap preloading and use:
Four images at the same x and y position are preloaded in the example. Which image to display is determined by the %mm tag (the repeat mode).
That is, "tracknum – title [artist, album]", where most fields are only displayed if available. Could also be rendered as "filename" or "tracknum – title [artist]".
Rockbox allows users to store and load multiple settings through the use of configuration files. A configuration file is simply a text file with the extension .cfg.
A configuration file may reside anywhere on the disk. Multiple configuration files are permitted. So, for example, you could have a car.cfg file for the settings that you use while playing your jukebox in your car, and a headphones.cfg file to store the settings that you use while listening to your player through headphones.
See section 13.3.2 below for an explanation of the format for configuration files. See section 13.3.3 for an explanation of how to create, edit and load configuration files.
The Rockbox configuration file is a plain text file, so once you use the Save .cfg file option to create the file, you can edit the file on your computer using any text editor program. See Appendix section E for available settings. Configuration files use the following formatting rules:
Example of a configuration file:
Note: As you can see from the example, configuration files do not need to contain all of the
Rockbox options. You can create configuration files that change only certain settings. So, for
example, suppose you typically use the player at one volume in the car, and another when
using headphones. Further, suppose you like to use an inverse LCD when you are in the
car, and a regular LCD setting when you are using headphones. You could create
configuration files that control only the volume and LCD settings. Create a few
different files with different settings, give each file a different name (such as car.cfg,
headphones.cfg, etc.), and you can then use the Browse .cfg files option to quickly change
A special case configuration file can be used to force a particular setting or settings every time Rockbox starts up (e.g. to set the volume to a safe level). Format a new configuration file as above with the required setting(s) and save it into the /.rockbox directory with the filename fixed.cfg.
The Manage Settings menu can be found in the Main Menu. The Manage Settings menu allows you to save and load .cfg files.
Note: You can also reset all settings to their default values by turning off the player, turning it back on, and holding the Rec button immediately after the player turns on.
Hint: Use the Save .cfg File feature (Main Menu → Manage Settings) to save the current settings, then use a text editor to customize the settings file. See Appendix section E for the full reference of available options.
Rockbox is able to load and start another firmware file without rebooting. You just "play" a file with the extension .mi4. This can be used to test new firmware versions without deleting your current version.
Rockbox offers a lot of settings that have high impact on the battery runtime of your player. The largest power savings can be achieved through disabling unneeded hardware components – for some of those there are settings available.
Another area of savings is avoiding or reducing CPU boosting through disabling computing intense features (e.g. sound processing) or using effective audio codecs. The following provides a short overview of the most relevant settings and rules of thumb.
The active backlight consumes a lot of power. Therefore choose a setting that disables the backlight after timeout (for setting Backlight see section 8.4). Avoid having the backlight enabled all the time (Activating selectivebacklight section 8.4 can further reduce power consumption).
Having a large anti-skip buffer tends to use more power, and may reduce your battery life. It is recommended to always use the lowest possible setting that allows correct and continuous playback (see section 7.5).
Replaygain is a post processing that equalises the playback volume of audio files to the same perceived loudness. This post processing applies a factor to each single PCM sample and is therefore consuming additional CPU time. If you want to achieve some (minor) savings in runtime, switch this feature off (see section 7.9).
The peak meter is a feature of the While Playing Screen and will be updated with a high framerate. Depending on your player this might result in a high CPU load. To save battery runtime you should switch this feature off (see section 4.3.2).
In general the fastest decoding audio format will be the best in terms of battery runtime on your player. An overview of different codec's performance on different players can be found at CodecPerformanceComparison.
Your target uses a hard disk which consumes a large amount of power while spinning – up to several hundred mA. The less often the hard disk needs to spin up for buffering and the shorter the buffering duration is, the lower is the power consumption. Therefore the bitrate of the audio files does have an impact on the battery runtime as well. Lower bitrate audio files will result in longer battery runtime.
Please do not re-encode any existing audio files from one lossy format to another based upon the above mentioned. This will reduce the audio quality. If you have the choice, select the best suiting codec when encoding the original source material.
In general all kinds of sound processing will need more CPU time and therefore consume more power. The less sound processing you use, the better it is for the battery runtime (for options see section 6).


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Liberation Party Friday
We are heading to the Liberation Nymph party in Brighton for the first time on Friday, if anyone is going feel free to come and say hi. Feeling nervous and excited and not sure what to expect :-) (info greatly appreciated on this) Or if anyone is also going for the first time, drop us a message and maybe we can be newbies together! x
Hi hope you don't mind me asking, how did you get on? We are thinking of going to our first party. Looking for reassurance I suppose. Xx
Hey, not at all, sadly it was cancelled due to Pride weekend, so we went to an AbFab party instead. We are going on Friday 1st though, so hoping it will be good. Sorry can't offer much reassurance. x
Keep me posted on how things go. Nice to know I'm not the only one a little nervous but excited too. I am sure it will be worth the wait for you x
Hey, we're going to the CFNM party tomorrow night in Brighton, I think it's the same venue, so would be happy to report back 🙂 x


text:
We can't say with total certainty whether FPS Terminator, a fan-made mod built on the Unreal Engine, will be the best, but it's safe to assume that it's better than the most recent entry, Terminator Salvation. Sorry, GRIN!
In self-proclaimed alpha state, FPS Terminator's creator nails the most important aspects of Terminator killing. Namely, the player will kill T-800s, Hunter Killers and even more Terminator variations amid a bleak futuristic landscape. Yes, it's "an early work in progress" and a "proof of concept" and it looks a hell of a lot like a beta version of Killzone 2, only with killer robots with glowing eyes, but they really nailed the Terminator laser sounds.
This single-player Terminator themed mod is being developed by Kevin M. Bryant, Ben Sterry and Thom Maggs, an Unreal Engine 3 mod that is planned to span nine levels.
You can download the alpha demo from ModDB or simply watch the mod in action in video form.
FPS Terminator [ModDB]


text:
Planning Permission in Cheshire East Council:
Planning advice and planning services in Cheshire East.
4D Planning Consultants ("Manchester Planners") in Cheshire East offers a very experienced and professional service to help home owners and property developers to successfully achieve and obtain Planning Permission for property extensions and conversions. Whether you are looking for Planning Advice, Architectural Drawings, Building Regulations or assistance with your entire Planning Application with Cheshire East Council, 4D Planning Consultants are here to help ease the planning process and to help you achieve first time planning application success!
Our experienced consultants are constantly in contact with Planning Officers from Cheshire East Council throughout your planning application with the Cheshire East Council. We offer the following services:
- Architectural Planning Drawings
- Planning Permission Applications for House Extensions & Loft Conversions
- Planning Permission Applications for Change of Use Class
- Planning Permission Applications for Converting A House to Flats
- Planning Permission Applications for Newly Build Developments
- Permitted Development Applications (Lawful Certificate)
- 2D Renders, 3D Renders (CGI's) and Models
- Building Regulations
- Structural Drawings & Floors Plans
- Planning Appeals & Retrospective Planning Applications
- Planning For Commercial Properties
- Lease Plans
We can help you obtain planning permission, giving you the advice, support and documents/ drawings that you need at each step of the way. The planning process is known to be complicated, 4D Planning's consultants, architects, designers and technicians are at your service to help make the planning application process as simple and smooth as it can be!
CALL A CONSULTANT TODAY ON 0161 408 4680 - INITIAL PHONE CONSULTATION IS FREE.Our rates and fees are very competitive and our consultant's knowledge of the planning system in Cheshire East, its regulations, guidelines and planning law as well as our friendly customer service, makes us the best consultancy for you! Over the years we have gained vast experience of the planning process, as well as by submitting many past and present applications to Cheshire East Council and across the many Boroughs in Manchester.
Whether you are applying for - a rear extension or side extension, a kitchen extension / conversion or a loft conversion / loft extension, domestic usage, change of usage for a commercial property or a residential dwelling, a new build development of flats, offices, shops, school, or a nursing care home in Cheshire East - we can help you and give you the advice you need to obtain Planning Permission.
Most minor extensions, such as: loft conversions, loft extensions, rear extensions and outbuildings, do NOT require planning permission. These are considered lawful as set out in the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order. Nevertheless, you will need to obtain a certificate of lawfulness (or a lawful certificate) from the council to ensure that the proposed development does not require planning permission. 4D Planning Consultants can prepare this application, and produce all the architectural drawings for the permitted development application.
Our consultancy services include surveys, architectural planning drawings, design and access statements, liaising with the council and planning application submission. Throughout your application process our experienced consultants regularly communicate with the planning team at Cheshire East Council to ensure that your application is approved 1st time. We guarantee that if you are refused planning, we will resubmit your application free of charge, (as long as the proposal hasn't changed). If you have been refused planning permission by Cheshire East Council more than once, and want to make an appeal, our specialist consultant will be happy to prepare an appeal on your behalf.
Please note - we are not part of the council and nor are we affiliated with it in any way.
Manchester Borough of Cheshire East Council - Planning Department Contact Information:
Cheshire East Planning Department Phone - 0300 123 55 00
Cheshire East Planning Department Website -http://www.cheshireeast.gov.uk/environment_and_planning.aspx
Cheshire East Planning Department Address - Westfields, Middlewich Road, Sandbach, CW11 1HZ
Cheshire East Planning Dept Opening Hours - 9am - 5pm : Monday - Friday
4D Planning's consultants cover all of the Greater Manchester Boroughs including:
4D Planning's consultants cover all areas in the Manchester Borough of Cheshire East, including: Alderley Edge, Alsager, Audlem, Bollington, Brereton Rural, Broken Cross and Upton, Bunbury, Chelford, Congleton East, Congleton West, Crewe Central, Crewe East, Crewe North, Crewe South, Crewe St Barnabas, Crewe West, Dane Valley, Disley, Gawsworth, Handforth, Haslington, High Legh, Knutsford, Leighton, Macclesfield Central, Macclesfield East, Macclesfield Hurdsfield, Macclesfield South, Macclesfield Tytherington, Macclesfield West and Ivy, Middlewich, Mobberley, Nantwich, North and West, Nantwich South and Stapeley, Odd Rode, Poynton East and Pott Shrigley, Poynton West and Adlington, Prestbury, Sandbach Elworth, Sandbach Ettiley Heath and Wheelock, Sandbach Heath and East, Sandbach Town, Shavington, Sutton, Willaston and Rope, Wilmslow Dean Row, Wilmslow East, Wilmslow Lacey Green, Wilmslow West and Chorley, Wistaston, Wrenbury, Wybunbury and areas within the following postcodes: CW1, CW2, CW3, CW4, CW5, CW10, CW11, SK9, WA16.


text:
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text:
Celebrities don't do dull whatever their age.
Elton John is 65 and has glitzy properties in Windsor, Atlanta and the Cote d'Azur. Rod Stewart is pushing 68 and is at home in LA as in London. Mick Jagger is a few months off the big Seven Oh and still strutting his stuff in stylish houses in the Caribbean and across Europe.
No self-respecting gnarled A-lister, dinosaur rocker or ageing thespian is likely to be en route to a Frinton bungalow or a flat in Budleigh Salterton.
So this week we have relied on retirement-aged celebrities to guide us to the world's most interesting destinations and help us identify a range of properties suitable for any retiree. Whether you're the quiet, stay-at-home type or the octogenarian determined to burn out rather than fade away, here are our top 20 places to grow old. Gracefully or disgracefully, as you choose.
1 Selsey, West Sussex
Speaking of stars, this pretty town is where monocled astronomer Sir Patrick Moore has his thatched cottage, along with two observatories. Selsey has plenty of post-war detached houses as well as new-build homes on the fringes. A two-bedroom property will set you back about £195,000.
Insider tip The closer you get to Chichester, eight miles north, the more expensive the housing becomes, so buy in Selsey itself for the best deals.
For sale A six-bedroom detached house with all-weather tennis court, indoor pool, open-fronted barn garage. £995,000, Jackson-Stops & Staff (01962 844299; jackson-stops.co.uk).


text: For a more productive life, daydream May 20,2014 Editor's note: Brigid Schulte, a fellow at the New America Foundation, is the author of "Overwhelmed: Work, Love and Play When No One Has the Time." On Friday, she will be speaking at the New America Foundation's conference on Big Ideas for a New America. Follow her on Twitter: @BrigidSchulte(CNN) -- In 1990, a 25-year-old researcher for Amnesty International, stuck on a train stopped on the tracks between London and Manchester, stared out the window for hours. To those around her, no doubt rustling newspapers and magazines, busily rifling through work, the young woman no doubt appeared to be little more than a space cadet, wasting her time, zoning out.But that woman came to be known as JK Rowling. And in those idle hours daydreaming out the train window, she has said that the entire plot of the magical Harry Potter series simply "fell into" her head.Mark Twain, during an enormously productive summer of writing in 1874, spent entire days daydreaming in the shade of Quarry Farm in New York, letting his mind wander, thinking about everything and nothing at all, and, in the end, publishing "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer."Brigid SchulteBrigid SchulteSuch creative breakthroughs in leisurely moments are hardly unique to literature. Physicist Richard Feynman idly watched students in the cafeteria goof off by spinning plates. For the fun of it, he began to make calculations of the wobbles. That "piddling around," as he called it, led to developing the Feynman diagrams to explain quantum electrodynamics, which resulted in a Nobel Prize.Legend has it not only that Archimedes had his "eureka!" moment about water displacement while relaxing in the tub, but that Einstein worked out the Theory of Relativity while tootling around on his bicycle.Though Protestant work ethic-driven Americans have tended to worry about the devil holding sway in idle time, it turns out idle time is crucial for creativity, innovation and breakthrough thinking. And now we know why. Neuroscience is finding that when we are idle, our brains are most active.It all has to do with something called the brain's default mode network, explains Andrew Smart, a human factors research scientist and author of the new book, "Autopilot, the Art & Science of Doing Nothing."The default mode network is like a series of airport hubs in different and typically unconnected parts of the brain. And that's why it's so crucial. When the brain flips into idle mode, this network subconsciously puts together stray thoughts, makes seemingly random connections and enables us to see an old problem in an entirely new light.Using brain scans, psychologists John Kounios and Mark Beeman have found that just before that moment of insight, the brain turns inward, what they call a "brain blink," and lights up an area believed to be linked to our ability to understand the poetry of metaphors. A positive mood and taking time to relax, they found, were critical precursors to these a-ha! moments. A new trick up J.K. Rowling's sleeveThat's not to say that being idle all the time is the answer. Sir Isaac Newton was steeped in the study of physical science when he sat in his garden in a "contemplative mood," idly sipping tea after dinner one evening, noticed an apple fall straight to the ground, and came up with the Law of Gravity."To be most creative, you need this oscillation between deep study with focused attention and daydreaming, which is why you may have your great ideas when you're in the shower," Smart told me. "They can come into your consciousness when you're not busy."Smart himself typically takes long, leisurely walks during the workday and carries a notebook with him to capture any interesting thoughts or ideas that his default mode network may burble to the surface.Most employers frown on such behavior. But if they're smart, they wouldn't.One recent study of the pharmaceutical industry by Bernard Munos of the InnoThink Center for Research in Biomedical Innovation and William Chin, former dean of research at Harvard Medical School, for example, found that, despite massive research and development budgets, the number of potential breakthrough drugs introduced in the past decade has dropped roughly in half. Why? Because companies became obsessed with cautious efficiency, they argue, rather than in often risky, dreamy innovation."Companies pressure workers to be in the office, to work all the time. But at the same time, they're really interested in innovation, which comes from letting go," Smart said. "But you can't have it both ways."Just think. The Wright Brothers closed up their busy bicycle shop in Ohio, decamped to the beach in North Carolina and in this playful, leisure time, invented the airplane. Bill Gates escapes to a cabin in the woods for "think weeks."Google, Facebook and LinkedIn give employees some version of "20 percent time" -- affectionately known as "employee goof off time." And giving workers time to daydream, experiment and follow a passion without worrying about failure has resulted in some of their most innovative and successful products, such as Gmail and AdSense, an advertising program that Wired reports now produces about a quarter of Google's revenueHard as it is to believe in our modern, work-worshipping culture, idleness, leisure time, daydreaming and time away from the hurly-burly, the drudgery of routine and the endless nose to the grindstone, is not only essential for innovation, it is, in fact, what has created civilization.Art, literature, inventions, innovation, philosophy -- one could argue nearly all that is transcendent about our flawed human species -- has come as a result of a delicate balance between the uninterrupted time in leisure to daydream, to set the default mode network free, and the concentrated time at work to make those flights of whim and fancy something real.Philosopher Bertrand Russell, in his famous 1932 essay, "In Praise of Idleness," advocated a four-hour workday and more leisure time for all. Daydreaming, imaging the possibility of a better world in leisure time, he argued, not only cultivated arts, science and culture, but liberated the oppressed and birthed new, democratic systems of governance. Without leisure, he wrote, "mankind would never have emerged from barbarism."It's a crucial truth that is increasingly getting lost as our work hours climb. Workers in the U.S. put in among the most extreme hours of any advanced economy on the planet -- as economic uncertainty and fear of the future keep us firmly planted at our desks, the better to show the boss what good workers we are in advance of the next round of downsizing.Our antiquated laws give no overwork protection to knowledge workers, and as advances in technology, as much as they are designed to free us, keep us instead tethered to the office, checking texts and e-mails, returning work calls everywhere and all the time, leaving us feeling perpetually "on call" and never quite able to get away from it all.Work, and this insidious work creep says leisure scholar Ben Hunnicutt, is now how Americans tend to answer the existential questions of who we are and how we find meaning in life. And in so doing, we have created a world that has no time for something as seemingly silly and unproductive as daydreaming and leisure time.And that's where we're wrong.Just imagine, what if, instead of staring out the window, that Amnesty International researcher stuck on a train dove into a thick ream of cases to catch up on? Or, if it were today, whipped out her smartphone and tackled the backlog of e-mails in her inbox, diverting herself occasionally with a game of Candy Crush?Or would we all have been too busy to stop and notice just how much smaller the world is without magic?


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Earthwatch has more than 50 expeditions as part of their international offering. However, Australia and India occasionally run expeditions that are only available to residents of that country. We have detected that your computer is located outside the region where this particular expedition is available. To learn more, please Contact Us in the Earthwatch office in the country where this expedition is based.
We hope you remain interested in getting involved with Earthwatch. Please explore all our expeditions!


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|Just refill the jar with the fragrant refill oil and insert the Reed sticks. Reverse the sticks after 2 minutes for the first time. The fragrance will start diffusing. Whenever the fragrance mellows down, reverse the sticks to start it again. For increasing the fragrance diffusion, always change the reed sticks while refilling.
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Reed Diffuser Set with Lemongrass Oil