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1. Is there any written historical records contemporary to Umayyad period?
2. Would you like me to provide strong historical base,how islam adulterated
by ajam?
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Question by:
07 January 2010
Comments by:
12 January 2010
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Dear brother Rehan Khan
I would very much like you to please provide strong historical facts about how Islam was corrupted, as offered by your good self above.
Comments by:
12 January 2010
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Respected Sir,
It's not answer to my question.
Again I request to you answer my questions.
Comments by:
14 January 2010
Did Zoroastrians adulterate Islam?
Dear Brother Rehan,
You asked, "Is there any written historical record contemporary to Umayyad period?"
Unfortunately, most of the record of this period was destroyed by Zoroastrians during and near the end of Abbasid period. However, a few books managed to escape their onslaught. These rare books are scattered in libraries all over the world. Some extremely valuable books have been discovered in Spain, Turkey, and Lebanon. You can learn more about it by reading Dr. Shabbir Ahmed's book "ISLAM: THE TRUE HISTORY AND FALSE BELIEFS" at the following website.
You can also order a copy of the book by contacting Dr. Shabbir at
I do not think Islam got adulterated. You can find the One True Islam preserved for eternity in God Almighty's Book, the Noble Quran. Be it an individual or a nation, whoever follows the teachings of Quran is guaranteed peace, security, and prosperity. Ajamis or Zoroastrians invented a counterfeit or fake Islam. Late Allama Iqbal used to call it Ajami Islam. Dr. Shabbir Ahemd labeled it Number Two Islam (N2I). To this day almost all "Muslim" sects follow this sham/phony/pseudo Islam with great zeal. They love and enjoy its worthless rituals but shun the teachings of the Quran. The results of this treachery and mockery of God's Message are obvious. Where do the "Muslims" stand on the World's Stage today?
Let me tell you something. Two American Labs have begun growing human organs such as liver, heart, ears, and even limbs. Research is under way to extend human life span to 150, 300, 500, and even 1000 years. Scientists are exploring ways to harness the negative energy, which is abundant in the universe, and use it to power future spaceships that could fly faster than the speed of light.
What are the "Muslims" doing?
Comments by:
17 January 2010
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Dear Brother Rehan,
Peace be upon u and your quest for knowledge be satisfied with abundant wisdom at your command and disposal by the grace of Almighty.
Brother Zubair has briefly summed up the hitherto available information on your first question. I am sure it answers the question. And he is quite right too in his assessment. I would only add the more up to date research and logic on this topic which opens up new vistas of thought and endeavour.
Zoroastrians did come into power and authority at the start of Abbaside dynasty, as the first Caliph Abul Abbas was enabled to topple the Umayyads with the help of Abu Muslim Khurasani's troops in 132 AH. And then on till the time of Mamoon, they held the reins of power in their hands exclusively. However, as Mamoon much adored the wild Turk warriors from Central Asia - Khurasaan - whom he came into contact with while he ruled as Governor there, he returned to the Capital, Baghdad, with favourite Turk troops in his wake as he acceded to the throne of Baghdad. That point in history was the start of Zoroastrians' downfall and the growing influence of the Turks. The Iranians did come up in the seat of supreme authority once again with the rise of Banu Buweehas from Dailum, Faras, called the Delmis, around 325 AH. This resurgence was for a short period of 50 years. They left an ever-lasting impact on Muslims, being hardline Shiites. And then on, it was Turks, Saljuqs and Mamaliks who ruled the disintegrating Muslim empire.
The question is, who held the reins of power before 132AH? And did the No.2 Islam overtook the real Islam starting 132 AH, with Abbasides, or did it happen much earlier?
The answers: Banu Umayyad were in full authority before 132 AH and remained so for a period of 92 years - almost a century. Theirs was a despotic regime, not a benevolent one. And, No.2 Islam had started spreading with the start of Banu Umayyad dynasty. You know, Islam with despotic regimes? Impossible! Again the question: who was active behind that, as the Persians had not assumed the seats of authority yet? The answer: Bany Umayyad Khulafas themselves. Who assisted them to do that? The many hundred thousand Jews present in the Muslim society at that time, who were experts in intrigue and sabotage and were mission-bound to do all the dirty work. They were the worst enemies of the new faith. No doubt, Iranian infiltration had started on a small scale after their empire was erased from the face of the earth during Omar bin Khattab's reign. They had joined hands with Jews. But the Arab "kings" were inherently autocratic tyrants and to be a dictator you must hold matters in your firm grip and you must count on numerous secret agencies and intelligence organizations who must keep you apprised of the pulse of the different segments of the public. The conclusion is that no conspiracy against the real Islam - against Quraan - could have been successful - by either Jews or Iranians - unless the Banu Umayyad dictators allowed it to take effect right under their noses. The question here may arise, why would they do that? Yes, the history provides ample proof of why they did that. They actually had fallen a prey to wealth, luxury and splendour - a royal living - and they had established Harams, built palaces, usurped prime estates and fertile lands. They had moved Muslim capital far away from its roots. Their entire staff and armies consisted of new converts belonging to Iraq, Syria, Palestine and Iran and they were devoid of the original Islamic spirit, philosophy and heritage. Read a verse from Iqbal that best highlights the situation :
خود طلسم قیصر و کسری شکست خود سر تخت ملوکیت نشست
Amazingly, whatever written historical record, as you asked, of the early Muslim era that still exists - about 2 or 3% of the actual magnitude - it is in the custody of our friends, the Jews. And they had proclaimed this fact around a hundred years ago. And very surprisingly, no Arab despot of the modern day Arab kingdoms ever demanded the return or recovery of that precious and holy stuff from the custody of the Jews.
And with this, I hope, you would agree that the Jews were in lead corrupting the true face of Islam and our own "Banu Umayyad Kings" aided and abetted them in their filthy counter-revolution against Islam. They sponsored the intriguers and provided them with government's resources and authority! They appointed them as advisers, ministers, justices, historians, Mohaddisins and Mufassarins! It's shocking, indeed!!!
However, Brother Zubair is very right when he says that true Islam has not been adulterated. It is still pure and clear but within the binds of the great Quraan. It is our foremost duty to bring about and abide by its teachings after doing away with its false, concocted and degraded tafaseers by the Jews like Ibn Ishaq, Kalabi, Waqidi, Zohri, Suddi, Raazi and much later by the Parsi Imaam Tibri etc. To that end, discovery and dissemination of the genuine interpretations of Quran is the most important and primary aspect of the great task ahead.
God bless you.
Comments by:
21 January 2010
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"Sahih" farsi zuban ka lafz hay, is muani "Awaz", "Sada" or "Pukaar" kay hay,
"Sahih Bukhari" yani "Bukhari ki Awaz", "Sahih Muslim", yani "Muslim ki Awaz".
Muhammad (S) nay 632 Esswi, 8 June, ko dunya say parda farmaya, or Imam Bukhari 809 Esswi, ko paida huay,
or 870 Esswi may unka intiqaal hua. Yani Muhammad (S) kay puray 200 saal baad Bukhari Sahab dunya may tashreef laye. By birth ye Majusi yani (Atish Parast) Parsi thay, inki birth Iran kay sheher Bukhara may huee.
Yey Ahadees kay founder hay, baqi jitnay bhi Muhaddiseen inkay baad tashreef laye wo sab kay sab Majusi thay.
Islam ko Persianism may convered karnay kay zimmaydaar yehi hazraat hay. Mazeed maloomat may aap ko faraham karta rahooga. Thanx.
Comments by:
22 January 2010
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Very interesting information. Thanks
Comments by:
27 January 2010
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Aap sab par Allah ki Salamti Rahmat or Barkat ho,
Dear Friends,
"Namaz" farsi zuban (persian language) ka word hay, is kay meaning hay (Aatish parasti karna) yani "Aag ki pooja karna". Note: (Tasdeeq keleye Persianism ki book "Avista" or "Zend" parhay, agar nahi parhtay to kisi bhi Persian's Masjid may ja kar maloomat karlay, Namaz or Namazay Panjgana ka concept hamay Irani Majosio (Persians) ki dayn hay).
Ye baat hamesha keleye zehen nasheen karlijeye kay hamara "Deen-e-Islam" (ata'at / following) karney ka Deen hay na kay pooja paat ka.
Al-Qur'aan may Ebadat yani Ata'at kay leye Salath ka lafz istamal hua hay, or ye lafz Qur'aan may 99 times aya hay, lakin aap ghor karay to ye pura lafz (Aqeemus Salath, Aqamus Salath, Muqeemas Salath) hay, iska matlab hay (Salath ka Qiyaam karo). Ye baat zehen may rakhay kay "Namaz parhi jati hay, or Salath ka qiyaam hota hay), agar Salath parhnay ki cheez hoti to uskay leye (Aqra'us Salath) likha hota. Arabic may parhnay keleye (Iqra) ka lafz use hota hay. Jesay DEEN kay leye Quraan may farmaya gaya hay kay (Aqeemud Deen, Aqamud Deen, Muqeemad Deen) yani Deen ka Qiyaam karo, lakin ye kiyon nahi likha kay Deen ko parha karo? Sochay. Magar aap soch rahay hongay aisa kiyo, sirf aap hee logo ko is baat ka khiyaal kiyon aya? to mayray dosto uski waja (hamaray Abao Ajdaad / Ulma-e-Deen ki ANDHEE TAQLEED HAY (BLIND FAITH). Kiyon kay hamay ye samjhaya gaya hay kay "agar tumnay Deen kay matter par apna mind apply kiya to tum Islaam say Kharij hojao gay. (Lakin Allah kay Rasool Muhammad (SAW) Quraan may farmatay hay kay "Allah ka Deen to Sirf samajh (sense) walo kay leye hay). Anyway.
Quraan may jaha bhi Salath kay qiyam karnay ka kaha gaya hay is ka matlab hay "ISLAHEE NIZAAM KA QIYAAM KARO). So please keep in touch with us. May mazeed Salath say muta'alliq aap ko maaloomat provide karonga. God Blees you.
Comments by:
27 January 2010
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Aap sab par Allah ki Salamti Rahmat or Barkat ho,
Mayray Azeez Dosto, aaj Salath say muta'alliq mazeed baat kartay hay,
May nay apnay previous comments may Salath kay muta'alliq likha kay (Salath ka lafz 99 times quraan may aya hay, jokay ghalat tha kiyonkay Salath ka lafz 67 times quraan may aya hay.)
Al-Quraan may Ebadat kay leye SALLU, SALLI, SALATH ka lafz use hua hay, is ka maadda (route) 'Suaad', 'Laam', 'Wao' hay iska matlab hay (Ata'at karna, Pairwi karna, taqleed karna, follow karna, KHAIR MAKHDAM (appreciate) karna hay.
Lakin is lafz kay saath hamaray Mutarjameen, Muhaddiseen or Mufassareen nay bari na insafi ki hay,
kahin isay POOJA banadiya, kahin PARASTISH banadiya, kahin Namaaz banadiya, kahin RAHMAT banadiya or kahin DAROOD banadiya.
Ab aap soch rahay hongay kay Darood kay kiya muani hay?
Janaab, Darood farsi language ka word hay, or Daroodan ka masdar (past) hay, iska matlab hay "Zara'at ya Ghalla Kaatdena" or istalahi mean may iska matlab hay (KISI KI JAR (BASE) KAAT DAYNA).
Tasdeeq kay leye dekhye Lughat Nama (Dictionary) Az-Ali Akbar, Deh Khuda, Vol No. 7, Page 9386 & 9388.
Aam tor par jo tarjuma hota hay us say aap waqif hay, isleye sahih tarjuma irsaal karraha hoo.
(Allah Ta'a'la or Farishtay Nabi (S) ka KHAIR MAKHDAM kartay hay, isleye a imaan walo tum Nabi (S) ki Ata'at / Pairwi karo, or Salamti ko Tasleem karo.)
Comments by:
28 January 2010
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Very useful information, brother Minaal.
God bless you.
Comments by:
29 January 2010
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Dear, thanx for your appreciation.
Comments by:
29 January 2010
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Aap sab par Allah ki Salamti or Rahmat ho.
Aaj ham Som say muta'alliq baat karaingay.
Dosto, Roza farsi language ka word hay, jiska matlab hay "Roz jesa" ya "Roz ki tarha" (as usual), tasdeeq keleye farsi language ki Dictionary zaroor dekhye.
Som, Arabi language ka word hay, yonto is ki bohat si meaning hay, lakin, Quraan-e-Hakeem may Som ka matlab hay, (apnay or doosro kay tahaffuz keleye tayyari "training" karna), doosray alfazo may (Jangi tayyari karna), (Training of War), jis may bhook or piyaas is ka aik juz (part) thee.
Is baat ki daleel ye hay kay aajkal kay taraqqi yafta countries may 15 saal ki age say 45 saal ki age tak kay logo par Jangi Training lazmi hay, jesay China or Germany etc.
Or is baat ki doosri daleel ye hay kay jab tak hamay Deen ko sahih samjha or samjhaya jaraha tha (bilkhasoos Som or Salaath kay muani) us waqt tak ham Muslimeen nay 600 saal tak dunya par Hakoomat ki, chahay wo zehni silahiyato ka muamla ho ya jismani silahiyato ka. (Ab aap khudhi faisla kijeye kay Bhook or Piyaas kay ROZO say ye sab kuch mumkin tha?)
Hazrat Umar (R) dor may Bughdaad say laykar Spain tak Islaam ka jhanda lehra raha tha.
Hazrat Muhammad (S) kay dor-e-hakoomat may or Hazrat Umar Farooq (R) kay dor-e-hakoomat may ziyada arsay ka faraq nahi hay. (Or is mukhtasar dor may dunya ka naqsha badal jana mamooli baat na thee). Ye wo dor tha jab log Zakaat denay kelye gharibo ko dhoonda kartay thay kay "kaash koi mustehiq mil jaye". Kiya alam hoga uswaqt. Anyway.
Or jab Quraan Paak kay sahih muani or mafhoom ko badla gaya 'Ghalat tarjumay, tafseer or Majoosi, Yahoodi or Eesaee RIVAYAAT (Kudsaakhta Ahadees) kay zariye to uswaqt say laykar aajtak Musalmaan har jaga Zaleel-o-Khuwar horaha hay. Or uspar sitam ye kay phir bhi apnay aapko Khiyali Jannat ka haqdaar samajhta hay, (Mullao kay ghalat aqeeday or andhi taqleed ki waja say). Dua hay Allah Ta'ala ham sab ko apnay pasandeeda Deen or Aqeeday (Deen-e-Ibrahimi) ki taraf hamari rahnumaee farma'e. Ameen.
Comments by:
30 January 2010
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Aap sab par Allah ki Salaamti ho,
Dear Friends, Som say muta'alliq mazeed baat kartay hay, jesa kay aap jaan chukay hay kay Som ka kiya matlab hay, Note: (If you want more and authentic knowledge/information about SOM so please read/study the Book of Hazrat Dr. Qamar Zaman Sahib "Haqiqatay Som".). Ye War Training (Som) saal may aik martaba ham sab muslimeen par faraz thee particularly "RAMAZAN" kay month may.
Is baat ki daleel Quraan-e-Hakeem say hamay ye milti hay kay (ye Hazrat Muhammad (S) say pehlay kay Anbiya-e-Karaam (Prophets) par or unki ummato par bhi faraz thee.
Lakin jab Mir Jafar jesay "Nafs parast" mal-o-dolat, or iqtidaar ki khuwahish rakhnay walay logo nay janam liya to Islam ki sprite khatam hoga'ee.
(Apnay hee giratay hay nashayman pay bijliya. Ghar kay charagh say hi ghar ko aag lagti hay.)
Lakin hamaree khush qismati (good luck) hay kay hamaray paas Allah ka Ilhaami Kalam (Al-Quraan) apni sahih halat may mojood hay "Sirf Arabi may", jo tamaam shak or shubhaat say balatar hay, or ismay hidayat hay tamaam samajh walay Insaano keleye. Isleye esi Paak Kalaam par ghor-e-khoz or ijtihaad kijeye or tamaam batil aqaeed say munh mor ligeye.
Insha Allah next time ham (Al-Haj) par baat karay gay.
Thank you.
Comments by:
09 February 2010
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Aap sab par Allah ki Salamti ho,
Merat Dosto, aaj ham Haj say muta'alliq baat karay gay, Haj ka madda "root" word hay Hay Jeem Jeem, iskay meaning hay "Ehtajaj Karna", "Protesting".
Lakin aaj unfortunately Khana-e-Kaba yani Masjid-e-Haraam sirif aik mazhabi yaatra ki jaga ban gaya hay, sirf Hindo'o ki tarah saat chakkar kato or naak ki seedh may ghar chalay jao.
Muhammad SAW kay doray hakoomat may ye jaga or doosri masajid aik Court or aik Welfare Trust ki hasiyat say kaam karti thee, yaha par International level par tamaam muslim riyasato ki meeting hua karti thee, log pur-aman tareeqay say or ehtaram kay saath yaha par apnay problems say muta'alliq PROTEST kiya kartay thay or unki har tarah ki zarooriyat puri ki jaati thee or program banaya jata tha kay ab hamay logo ki islah keleye kiya karna hay.
Lakin jab say Khana-e-Kaba or doosri masajid "Parastish Khanay" banay us waqt say apni or doosro ki Islah Ka Nizaam khatam hogaya. Note: Hazrat Usman-e-Ghani RAA ki shahadat kay ba'ad Nizam-e-Salath bhi khatam hogaya, or ye har Nabi kay dor may ra'ij tha.
Thank you.
Pehlay masajid Khana-e-Kaba ki tarah chokor shape may hua karti thee, or ba'ad may Minaar or Gumbad ka shape day kar inhay parastish khanay banadiya gaya.
Comments by:
10 February 2010
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Aap sab par Allah ki Salamti Rahmat or Barkat ho,
Meray Dosto, aaj ham Zakaat par baat kartay hay,
Zakaat kay mean hay Tax, jo aaj kal Khayraat samajh kar diya jata hay sawabay darain keleye.
Ye kaam Government level par hota tha, Islamic Government kay mutabiq.
Kuch Muhaddiseen ka khayal hay kay Quraan may Zakat ki quantity nahin bataee gaee, (Naoozubillah, "kiyon ki Allah kay Rasool (SAW) say bhool hogaee" or ham nay Zakat ki quantity bata kar deen ko mukammal kardiya).
Ye un Irani Majoosi Muhaddeseen ki khush fehmi hay or Deen ki sahee knowledge na honay ki waja say ya Rasool (SAW) say bughuz ki waja say unho nay aesa socha or kiya.
Baat haqiqat may ye hay kay "Allah or uskay Rasool (SAW) nay Zakat ki quatity Al-Quraan may isleye nahi tehreer ki kiyon tamam muslim riyasatay apnay apnay mulk ki economy (maeeshat) financial problems ko consider kartay huay Zakaat ka ta'ayun karsakay.
Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) kay doray hakoomat say Hazrat Usman-e-Ghani (RAA) kay dor tak Masajid kiyonkay as a Court or Welfare Trust kay tor par kam kartay thay. Us dor may har Masjid may "Baitul Maal" bana hota tha, us Baitul Maal may log apni amdani (earning) ka 10 % us Baitul Maal may deposit kiya kartay thay , "Logo ki Islah keleye" (Monthly or weekly), or isi 10% Zakaat ko Islamic Government logo ki muasharti bhalaee keleye istamal karti thee, Muslim muashra uswaqt bohat khushhal tha.
Note: Nizam-e-Salath ka qiyaam yani Islahi Muashray ka qiyam Zakaat ki waja say hota hay, or Zakaat kay baghair Islahi Nizaam ka qiyaam nahi ho sakta, isleye Al-Quraan may jaha jaha Salath kay Qiyaam ka hukum hua hay waha par Zakaat ka bhi hukum diya gaya hay. (Salath or Zakat liazim or malzoom hay).
Lakin jab say hamaray Irani Majoosi Muhaddiseen nay Salana (year wise) 2 1/2 "Dhaee Percent" Zakat as a khayraat muqarrar ki hay uswaqt say lay kar aaj tak Muslim Muaashra panap nani paya hay. Ameer, Ameer say ameer tar hota jaraha hay or Ghareeb, ghareeb say ghareeb tar hota jaraha. Magar phir bhi hosh nahi ata.
Lakin iska aik solution hay wo ye kay ham government level par Salath kay qiyam ka intizaar na karay, balkay khud hi mil kar apnay apnay tor par Muhalla wise or area wise, Salaath ka qiyaam karay. Or Allah kay is hukum or Rasool (SAW) ki is Sunnat ko zinda karay jo har Nabi ki Sunnat thee.
Comments by:
20 February 2010
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Aap sab par Allah ki Salamti ho,
Dear Friends,
15 Muharram, 656 Hijri, may Mani jokay Persian Irani Majosio ka Nabi tha, us nay Namaz ka format tayyar kiya, or Salath ko Namaz may convert kiya, jo aaj kisi na kisi shakal may hamaray paas mojod hay or Deen ka Pillar samjha jata hay.
Tasdeeq keleye dekhye Da'eera Muareefa Islamia (Islamic Encyclopedia).
Comments by:
22 February 2010
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Correction for Brother Minaal,
Peace and blessings.
15 Muharram 656 Hijri has no linkage with the life of the Persian Sage, Mani.
Similarly, the format of Namaz has nothing to do with Manichaeism. It is a ritual of the Zoroastrians.
Mani (circa 216-276 AD?) was the founder of Manichaeism, ancient religion that presented a major challenge to Christianity and Zoroastrianism for a period of several centuries.
Mani was born into an aristocratic Persian family in southern Babylonia (now in Iraq). His father, a pious man, brought him up in an austere baptist sect, possibly the Mandaeans. At the ages of 12 and 24, Mani experienced visions in which an angel designated him the prophet of a new and ultimate revelation. On his first missionary journey, Mani reached India, where he was influenced by Buddhism. With the protection of the new Persian emperor, Shapur I (reigned 241-72 AD), Mani preached throughout the empire and sent missionaries to the Roman Empire. The rapid expansion of Manichaeism provoked the hostility of the leaders of orthodox Zoroastrianism, and when Bahram I (reigned 274-77 AD) succeeded to the throne, they persuaded him to have Mani arrested as a heretic, after which he either died in confinement or was executed.
This is the life of Hakim Mani, whom we all have erroneously been dubbing as the founder of Zoroastrianism. Namaz is however a very ancient practice of the Zoroastrians. See how old the Zoroastrianism is:
Zoroastrianism, religion that arose from the teachings of the devotional poet Zoroaster, known as Zarathushtra to ancient Iranians, who is regarded as the faith's founding prophet. Scholars believe that Zoroaster lived sometime between 1750 and 1500 BC or 1400 and 1200 BC. The Zoroastrian scripture, called the Avesta, includes poems attributed to Zoroaster. The religion continues to be practiced today by Zoroastrian communities in India, Iran, the United States, Canada, and other countries. It is these Zoroastrians who were in power under the Sassanids and after their devastating defeat by emerging new world power, the Muslims, it was they who infiltrated into Muslim faith and their ritual of Namaz was incorporated into Islam, as a whole package, by the Muslim Arab despotic rulers (the Khulafaas).
Yes, 656 Hejira that you quoted, has another significance. It is the year when Haluku Khan finally ended the dwindling Muslim empire and the Abbaside dynasty met its inevitable end.
Thanks for your contributions to aastana Blog.
Comments by:
Hafiz Abdullah
28 February 2010
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I would like to talk about the below question briefly.
How Islam was corrupted?
The Jews were in Iran at the time of Muhammad's birth, expelled 6 lacs in numbers by king of Iran n settled in Arab, then they corrupted Islam with the help of Muslim dictators after caliphs.
Comments by:
18 September 2010
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Dear friends
This is a futile discussion as to who corrupted history or Islam. One will never arrive at any conclusion discussion this. However, there is one other point to ponder.
The Khilafat-e-Rashida period is said to be the golden period of Islam, but the seed of corruption was sowed during this period. On the orders of the Kaliph, history was stopped from being recorded. In the name of Islam, Hazrat Abu-Bakar, Umar and Usman forbade anything to be written or recorded about the origin of Islam. This restriction continued for almost two hundred years, when the Ahadiths started to be compiled by Iranians.
This restriction from the Kaliphs, did not allow even correct history of that period to be written. It is regarded as the darkest period of Islamic history. It is also said that the recorded history of that period was destroyed by the conquerors from the north. (Halakoo Khan, etc). These conquerors only came up to Baghdad and destroyed Baghdad. They did not go to Meccah or Hijaz or Madinah to destroy the history of Islam.
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18 September 2010
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Dear brother Shariq,
The discussion you referred to has ceased to continue abt.. 6 months ago.
No discussion can be declared futile I think. We always learn through discussions and it opens up new angles of thought and research. That's why discussions must go on for the sake of knowledge. Of course, nobody can claim about the history to be fully authentic or cent per cent accurate.
For example, from your comments we learn a totally new aspect of our history. It is what you said :-
""On the orders of the Kaliph, history was stopped from being recorded. In the name of Islam, Hazrat Abu-Bakar, Umar and Usman forbade anything to be written or recorded about the origin of Islam. This restriction continued for almost two hundred years, when the Ahadiths started to be compiled by Iranians. ""
That's a totally new concept for us. I personally feel that you have mixed up History with Ahadith here. I think no Khulafa have forbidden to write history. I also think that YES, the Khulafa named by you did forbid to wirte down Ahadith. And that's clearly elaborated in the History.
What do you think about that?
I agree with you that the "conquerers from North" advanced up to Baghdad and they could not have destroyed the history from all the major cities of Islamic Empire. And that was in 656 AH, corresponding to 1258 AD. We do have the histories by Tabari, Ibn-e-Kathir, Ibn-e-Aseer, etc. in their original form.
Thank you.
Comments by:
21 September 2010
Dear Minaal, thanks for providing interesting information regarding islamic rituals.Plz correct your concept of the TERMINOLOGY USED IN QURAN "shahr e ramazan"go through the HAQEEQAT E SOUM again,as i am reproducing your comments here under
Dear Friends, Som say muta'alliq mazeed baat kartay hay, jesa kay aap jaan chukay hay kay Som ka kiya matlab hay, Note: (If you want more and authentic knowledge/information about SOM so please read/study the Book of Hazrat Dr. Qamar Zaman Sahib "Haqiqatay Som".). Ye War Training (Som) saal may aik martaba ham sab muslimeen par faraz thee particularly "RAMAZAN" kay month may.
Comments by:
Dr. Samreen Mohsin
21 September 2010
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Dear Aurangazaib: you wrote ***I think no Khulafa have forbidden to write history. I also think that YES, the Khulafa named by you did forbid to wirte down Ahadith. And that's clearly elaborated in the History*****.
can you give any reference as you mentioned that it is clearly elaborated in the History??????????
Comments by:
22 September 2010
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Dear Dr. Samreen,
Please see my last post to Brother Shariq at this link :-
Thank you.
Comments by:
Dr. Samreen Mohsin
23 September 2010
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Thanx Aurangzaib:
kindly let me know that you have written e.g. (Tabqaat-e-Ibn-e-Saad, Vol.5, page 141 – Tadween-e-Hadith, P.399). etc.etc.
would you please tell me what book it is?
who wrote it?
do today's muslim believe/read it?
and more
Comments by:
28 January 2011
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Following the "Comments by: Zubair On 14 January 2010" I started reading " ISLAM: THE TRUE HISTORY AND FALSE BELIEFS BY: SHABBIR AHMED, M.D., FLORIDA"
page : 8 ABRAHAH PLANS TO DEMOLISH KA'BAH:
where Dr.Shabbir Ahmed wrote
"I agree with the research of Hamiduddin Farahi, 'Maulana' Amin Ahsan Islahi and Allama G.A. Parwez on what eventually happened. As Abrahah's army approached Makkah, the Makkans who had been alerted by some travelers beforehand, saw flocks of birds that normally fly over caravans in search for food. The Makkans mounted the hills around and threw stones on the troops. The elephants, and in turn, other rides panicked and trampled the soldiers. This incident took place in 570 CE, the year when the exalted Messenger was born. The event carried such significance that the Arabs marked "Year of the Elephant" ('Aam-il-Fil) as a point of reference in history."
My question is if these were the stone thrown by pre-warned and pre-armed Arabs who beforehand alarmed by travelers , then why did "surah- Fil (105)" comes in the Holy Revelation?
It specifically states of birds throwing some stone like baked cakes........
Please eloborate..................
Comments by:
30 January 2011
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Sis Syeda,
I personally think that to go through the stories of Tabaqaat, or other books of history and ahadith would be a sheer wastage of time for Quranic students. You need those books only if you are a researcher in the history of Abbaside period with all the literary activities of that era to be accounted for; and it is a vast field. Even I, being a student of history, cannot throw light on books like Tabaqaat without going through many reference books. If we take up Quran as our sole object of study, we shall, by the grace of Almighty, remain on the right path, and may save a lot of precious time too.
Quranic translations are being updated by Aastana team with open debate and consensus. Let me write for you a very revealing translation of Sura Al-Feel that we have reached recently, and which refutes all the mythological stories surrounding, and originating from mistranslation of, this Sura.
Sura Al-feel (105/1-5):
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَابِ الْفِيلِ ﴿١﴾ أَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ كَيْدَهُمْ فِي تَضْلِيلٍ ﴿٢﴾ وَأَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ طَيْرًا أَبَابِيلَ ﴿٣﴾ تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ مِّن سِجِّيلٍ ﴿٤﴾ فَجَعَلَهُمْ كَعَصْفٍ مَّأْكُولٍ
(1) Didn't you witness how your Nourisher dealt with those who were Pompous Idiots;
(2) Didn't HE condemn their strategy to failure/oblivion;
(3) And HE deputed unto them people with Hawkish qualities;
(4) Who targeted them with solid arguments from the Scripture;
(5) And turned them (their standpoint / their diplomacy and wisdom) into chewed fodder.
I humbly trust it may be very easy for you now to forget all about the "Myth" of the "People of Elephants". I suppose, the Almighty's eternal Code of Conduct / Guidance for the Humanity does not revolve around fantasies
God bless you.
Comments by:
31 January 2011
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Brother Aurangzaib,
I humbly accept that I am naive and unexposed to the journey Quranic world as of yet.........
I am also hesitant to start ........coz with so many translations available I am in dilemma with which edition to start .......
My main drawback is with Urdu coz I remained Illiterate in my mother tongue, running behind the worldly obscure things......
Though I can read Arabic only to the extent that I learned from Ustaadi_Maa, i.e without understanding it........
Ahadith follower's translation ?.........I cannot becoz I find them too disgusting at time when they try to preach over-zealously on little matters even if it Hygienic........little thing of dusting the floor at night or using a teaspoon for eating food, wont let me eat on dinning table, forcing to drink water from same used left over glass of water UGH.....they out-run to kill you if say no............I don't know they asked me to read "BAHISHTI ZEWAR " I am thankful I don't know Urdu ...........
Then Wahhabi translation ? ...........I did felt they are quite realistic but at time when related to human -relationships they wither too much...........they defend bigamy , polygamy,
divorce at blow of three unpleasant shouts,
not permitting entry of "Qula" option when enforcing nikah_namah at the time of nikah failing which women cannot take their right for qula on their own distress "in total not reforming Nikah_namah"
which is again Wahhabi mullah chauvinistic who play hide & seek using translation.........
so I started looking desperately for some modern review of translation...........without being biased again.
I know My Allah is More MODERN, more Rational, more scientific, Great mathemtician , Great equator, than Muslims ......His outlook is WIDE........... and not limited to narrow thinking. ................
NO, I never mean to have translation as per my fanatics ! Never!
I neither want liberal outlook that support western obscurities !
But with my peanut/ cocoonic knowledge I know we cannot find a single inappropriate word In Holy Quran.
And as for that translated word "POMPOUS IDIOTS" in your translation to Surah_Fil, Brother.........Allah would not have used, even if He meant it in His Great Displeasure for / to kaifirs or munafiks or mushreeks or Bani Israels to warn them in HIS entire Risallah.
Even at His Utmost Displeasure with Israelites Allah used the word "Bani Israel= O' Children of Israel............So merciful is my Lord, my God.........
So..........you can see that I am standing at the place where I have started..........
Which and whose translation I should go for to understand our Creator's Revelation...........what will be the correct way of my submission to the Almighty to Whom I have to return...........
Comments by:
31 January 2011
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Sis Syeda,
Don't mind the word IDIOT. It may be an addition from translator to drive the point home. POMPOUS ones, the Ashaab al-Feel, are always those who can, in actual fact, be categorized as fools or idiots. Please read only Pompous, if the other word injures your finer senses of etiquette.
But please do concentrate on the essence of meanings. This is a revolutionary grammatical translation which transforms fantasy into rational facts, and upholds Quran as a modern, enlightened and very logical scripture.
God bless you.
Comments by:
31 January 2011
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Asalaamalikum Brother Aurangzaib,
Now you see, you quoted saying in a very simple way that********"It may be an addition from translator to drive the point home. POMPOUS ones, the Ashaab al-Feel, are always those who can, in actual fact, be categorized as fools or idiots.""
So, we are losing ourselves between translators.....who are not translating the essence of what Allah reveled.........
The translation should not mean "take -it " or " leave it".........
that means what ever we feel right we can decide................
may be the so-called translators are picking what ever fancies their ideology...........taking what it benefits or leaveing what it restricts them.........
Brother I , for sure know how grammatical translations would differ the entire spirit of a sentence........
"its a not a matter of hurting my senses/etiquette's" after all who am I, Where do I stand...I m just a dust , that too created by My Merciful Almighty,
.......... Allah is more finer than being just Etiquette
I just quoted "the translators" mere use of word which AllahSubhanahotala have never used
..............why this extra definition ........
why translate things in such a way which can raise eyebrows or questions on purity of the Unadulterated revelation. .....
For I understand with this use of words we would be left with nothing more than mere loathsome script........... which will never please my Lord........
I definitely am, looking for guidance, I cannot ignore things around holding the just central theme .........
Comments by:
31 January 2011
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Sis Syeda,
"The word "Feel" in classical Arabic actually reflected those people who were cowardly, timid, weak in judgement and erring in clear perception." (Dr. Badar -
From the above definition, the translation offered in the first instance is not wrong at all. And, the central theme is what is always most important. There can be thousands of arguments about subsidiary wording. It is after all a "translation" into another language, which nobody can claim to be PERFECT up to 100%. The basic essence must be conveyed with grammatical accuracy as far as possible.
I can now leave it to your better judgment. It is only for you to decide about your understanding. It's a democratic world of course. Remember Sis, Aastana is an open academy. Here everyone can learn from everyone.
Comments by:
01 February 2011
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Inshallah I would be blogging the site given by you for my guidance..........(Dr. Badar -
May Allah help me in my journey to seek only truth...........
Remember me in your duas.........
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Aap par Allah ki Salamti Rahmat or Barkat ho, 1. I want to know that who is a teacher of Imam Bukhari? 2. Or kis madarsay say Ahadees ki taleem hasil ki? . Or us dor may Bukhari Sabab nay konsay Muhaddiseen say Ahadees ko verified karwaya?
Question by: Minaal On 21/01/2010
I would like to ask two questions. Whats the purpose of forbidding the marriage with the relatives in 4:23 ? Plz throw light upon the marriages n wives of Muhammad.(PB UH).
Question by: Hafiz Abdullah
From PAKISTAN (RAWALPINDI) On 04/03/2010
What is a concept of Ahmedi's/Qadiyani's ? What do u know about there concept ? and what do u think that the are non-muslim ? as per your Great Study of Quran. And what does Quran says about people like them?
Question by: Umair_Hamidani
From PAKISTAN (KARACHI) On 15/03/2010
Dear Aurangzaib bhai; kindly explain with your great knowledge of History about WAQEA-E-QARBALA.
Question by: Adnan Khan On 19/03/2010
Why did prophet go to Ghare Hira? Was he meditating there like the sufis or Hindus do? Is there a link to sufism from Gahre Hira? Questions are open for the forum...
Question by: MohYam On 26/03/2010
Will any one tell me, which calendar Arabs following prior to islam and the history of Hijri Calender, especially about its months? Were they included in the calendar or they already prevailed in the Arabic Society ?
Question by: PeerGee On 06/04/2010
Respected Dr sahib Can you throw light on the marriages of the holy prophet . thanks
Question by: lubna asif On 26/04/2010
Plz tell me about ZAKAT.... this subject is much necessary to put the light. plz explain as 2.5% ZAKAT is not understandable for me.
Question by: Dr. Samreen Mohsin From PAKISTAN (KARACHI) On 16/06/2010
My Dear Doctor Qamer-uz-zaman sahib , there is no example in history regarding revival of Religion after its decline . How you think that revival of Islam could be possible by your efforts?Even Mullah is waiting for dooms day.
Question by: pervez On 20/08/2010
Doctor Qamer Sahib, with the help of scientific knowledge, welfare states having excellent human values have been established in the west , why you think Islam is necessary for the same purpose?
Question by: pervez On 21/08/2010
I would like to ask two questions. Whats the purpose of forbidding the marriage with the relatives in 4:23 ? Plz throw light upon the marriages n wives of Muhammad.(PB UH). Question by: HAFIZ ABDULLAH On Thursday, March 04, 2010
Question by: Hafiz Abdullah
From PAKISTAN (RAWALPINDI) On 25/08/2010
dear dr sahib can u plz explain life fter death what will be swal jawabz in qabar thnx
Question by: mr22
From CANADA (MONTREAL) On 12/09/2010
Salaam, I am writing a history of Britain, it can be read on my website: http://servantofthelight.com/content/view/91/123/ I would much appreciate any additional information anyone could provide to build on the information I have presented.
Question by: Abdun From UNITED KINGDOM (SHEFFIELD) On 22/11/2010
Where Divine Directions failed to effect any change for betterment ??? We are still trying to solve the riddle --- using the same old tested techniques . Shariq
Question by: SS
From CANADA (VANCOUVER) On 17/12/2010
Why muslims are so backward ...
Question by: Nargis From BARBADOS (KIO BATAO?) On 20/12/2010
Interesting conversation
Question by: Nargis2 From TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO (TOMBACCO) On 11/01/2011
Whats the difference between culture/tradition and religion? Is there any culture left in the "modern" countries of today?
Question by: Nargis From BARBADOS (KIO BATAO?) On 19/02/2011
http://www.akhbar-e-jehan.com/March2011/28-03-2011/pic.asp?picname=Politics_2.jpg I am trying to persuade this great man to join us on this platform.
Question by: Adnan Muhammad Khan
From PAKISTAN (KARACHI) On 01/04/2011
dear qamar zaman dont you think ur religion is very inauthentic? how about zakir naik who has bin challenging the world draging people to islam?? kindly come on most authentic and old religion Chrischinaty and u proved it.bible is ur message thanks.
Question by: naureen
From UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (ABU DHABI) On 05/03/2012
I have just joined your forum and writing down the very first time.You are certainly doing great job. I am grateful to you for the kind of enlightenment you are spreading. Please see my Question in next space slot .
Question by: HH
From PAKISTAN (KARACHI) On 14/06/2012
The distortion of historic evidences by Zoroastrians, etc , is convincing. I am however a bit confused that why traces of early Islamic practices are non existent even in west, which remained with lesser level of Persian influence ?
Question by: HH
From PAKISTAN (KARACHI) On 14/06/2012
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The Stop Smoking Guy Live Hypnosis Event - Nakusp
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Third Daniel Rinaldi Mystery from Dennis Palumbo Due May 7
Screenwriter, psychotherapist, and oh yes, novelist Dennis Palumbo joins Larry and Dave once again to talk about his newest novel and share his perspectives about thriller writing.
From Amazon.com:
Night Terrors is the third in the critically-acclaimed mystery series featuring psychologist and trauma expert Daniel Rinaldi. In this compelling new thriller, set against the backdrop of a brutal Pittsburgh winter, Daniel is asked to treat retired FBI profiler Lyle Barnes, whose terrifying nocturnal visions cause him to wake up screaming.
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Cubs see change in former first-round pick
MESA, Ariz. -- It took a clinic with 9- and 10-year-old kids to help Brett Jackson find joy in baseball again.
Jackson is coming off a year he would like to forget. Once one of the Cubs' top prospects, the outfielder struggled with injuries and was demoted. He finished 2013 with a .210 average and 121 strikeouts in 95 Minor League games.
"It took a lot of hard work and a lot of soul searching," he said Sunday. "I've never been more excited to be back in Spring Training; I've never been more excited to be back on the field. When you're not playing well, the game's not fun. I wasn't having fun last year -- I was hurt and struggling.
"I rediscovered that fun a little bit this offseason," he said. "I feel I'm in the best physical shape I've been in and the best mental state I've been in in a long time. I'm very confident coming into camp and am excited to be part of this new regime."
Part of the change in attitude occurred because of the clinic that he and Lars Anderson conducted in Berkeley, Calif.
"I want to get back to that; I want to get back to playing for fun and playing for the guys and playing for the team," he said. "So much has been on performing on an individual level that I've forgotten the importance of why I play and the reason I play. I'm back to have fun and enjoy it and to win."
The Cubs have had high expectations for Jackson since selecting him in the first round of the 2009 First-Year Player Draft out of the University of California, Berkeley. He batted .297 in 2011 at Triple-A Iowa, but the next season hit .256 and struck out 158 times in 106 games.
Don't ask him about the strikeouts any more.
"It's something I'm not going to acknowledge moving forward," Jackson said. "I can't put a finger on it. The last couple years have been a search for finding myself at the plate and overcoming the pressures I was putting on myself. The strikeouts were in the corner of my mind -- being told I was striking out too much. Not to put the blame on anyone but myself. I'm confident in the adjustments I've made. That's something I can improve on."
The Cubs gave Jackson an offseason program that included improving his mental approach to the game. He addressed that as well as looking at videos of successful players. He hasn't reverted to his old swing, but it's more natural now.
"The changes I was trying to make last year had all the right intentions and all the right cues for me to become a better player," he said. "However, I was fighting my nature, I was fighting who I was as a natural athlete, and I think that made my time at the plate a struggle.
"Having said that, I'm thankful for last year, and I'm thankful for what happened and overcoming the injuries I had and the challenges I had at the plate and on the field. I feel the best I've felt moving into Spring Training."


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You will need to register on this website to place an order. By doing so, you will be able to check the status of your orders, edit your Account Info, view past orders and access your digital prints in My Account.
It is Faber's e-commerce policy never to capture or store any bank card details belonging to our customers within our own systems: all transactions that take place on our websites are handled by our payment provider www.securehosting.com. Should you have any queries relating to online payments from fabermusicstore.com that are not covered in the FAQs section, we would encourage you to contact Secure Hosting on +44 (0)845 269 6645 or email@example.com - quoting your Transaction Reference Number in any communication with them.
The Faber Music Store supplies goods on a firm order basis. However, under UK law, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 state that you have the right to cancel the contract for purchase of any goods supplied by us, providing you return them in sufficient time to reach us within 30 (thirty) calendar days of the date of receipt. This applies to all goods supplied by the Faber Music Store with the exception of CD, Video, DVD, software and Book & CD packages where the item has been either tampered with or unsealed.
Goods returned in this way should be clearly marked "Contract Cancellation" and you must include all relevant documentation. Please package the items securely as returned goods that are damaged will not qualify for refund. In accordance with the Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013, you will be responsible for the cost of the original despatch and the return of the goods. For your protection, we recommend that you use a recorded delivery method for return. A refund will be given for only the value of the goods supplied and subject to the goods reaching us within 14 (fourteen) calendar days of the date on which you received them.
However if you have purchased a CD, Video, DVD, software or Book & CD package and you find the goods faulty, you are advised to contact the Customer Services Team on +44 (0) 1279 828988 or email email@example.com stating your invoice/order number and the date so that we can arrange the return and replacement of the damaged goods. Faber Music Ltd will replace the entire package, not just the damaged component.
Our sale and supply of digital sheet music files ('Digital Files') is governed by the Consumer Rights Act 2015. This provides that Digital Files supplied by us must match the way we have described them, and be fit for purpose and of reasonable quality.
Please note that if a Digital File supplied by us is faulty or is not as described, you are entitled to a replacement. If a replacement cannot be supplied within a reasonable period and without significant inconvenience, you are entitled to your money back.
If you can show that a faulty file has damaged your device and we haven't used reasonable care and skill, you may be entitled to a repair or compensation.
Our sheet music files are delivered in PDF format and can be downloaded and saved to your computer. You are permitted to make 1 print out of the file.
Audio files are in MP3 format and can be downloaded and saved to your computer.
Files are for personal use only and photocopying or digital distribution of any kind without a licence is prohibited.
In the event of an order being supplied incorrectly, or if you receive it damaged, we advise you to contact our Customer Services Team on +44 (0) 1279 828988 or email firstname.lastname@example.com stating your invoice/order number and date, so that we can authorise its return to us. This does not affect your statutory rights. Goods returned in this way should be clearly marked "Authorised Return". Faber Music will send you either a replacement copy or provide you with a full refund.
Please remember that it is illegal to photocopy music without a licence from the copyright owner. To photocopy is to steal from the composer/author and the publisher.
For anything arising out of the above, or for further information, contact the Customer Service Department at the address below:
Customer Services
Faber Music Ltd
Burnt Mill
Elizabeth Way
United Kingdom
The Faber Music Store resides on servers operated and maintained by Faber Music.
Faber Music is registered in England, No. GB 2703274
Registered Office: 74-77 Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3DA
Vat registration No. GB 523 2613 79


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Event detail
War and Peace, Part I: Andrei Bolkonsky
Film - Feature | September 6 | 3:30 p.m. | Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive
Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive
In 1969, Roger Ebert proclaimed Sergei Bondarchuks War and Peace the definitive epic of all time, and no film has come along since to contradict that assessment. Bondarchuk undertook the adaptation of the revered Russian novel with all the resources of the Soviet state at his disposal, including priceless museum artifacts as props and literal armies of extras. He also drew on a full arsenal of sixties stylistics: gliding across glittering halls, swooping over battlefields, or lurching through drunken parties, his camera alternates between a Gods-eye view and a radical subjectivity. Following good-hearted Pierre (Bondarchuk), battle-scarred Andrei (Vyacheslav Tikhonov), and tempestuous Natasha (Lyudmila Savelyeva) through the tumult of the Napoleonic Wars, the seven-hour, Academy Awardwinning War and Peace hews closely to Tolstoy both in outline and in scope, oscillating between historic magnitude and intimate detail.
Part I moves from ballroom to battlefield, introducing the principal characters at a series of lavish parties before Prince Andrei departs for military service and participates in the disastrous Battle of Austerlitz. Back home, illegitimate son Pierre is summoned to the deathbed of his father, a count. Themes of death and birth, despair and hope are evoked in lamplit interiors and ravishing images of the natural world, leading Andrei toward more than one epiphany.


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In case you had any doubts that a Mitt Romney president would have restarted the Bush administration's torture regime, here's the audio of him answering a question about it. He doesn't think waterboarding is torture and he's going to go back to the "enhanced interrogation" techniques.
There is no question that waterboarding is torture. Period. None. We have prosecuted many people for it over the last century, from Japanese military officers to at least one county sheriff.
Q: Waterboarding: do you think it's torture?
Romney: I don't. … We will have a policy of doing what we think is in our best interest. We'll use enhanced interrogation techniques that go beyond what's in the military handbook right now.
By the way, this is another reason why Obama should be hammered for not prosecuting those who ordered and engaged in torture from the Bush administration, as required by the Convention Against Torture. It really does act as a deterrent. The CIA officers who did the waterboarding demanded legal coverage before they did it, which is why the infamous torture memos were written. If people are prosecuted and convicted for it, future administrations have a lot less legal wiggle room. As things stand, those who might face such choices in the future know damn well that the rule of law will not apply to them.


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Talk About Books
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To succeed as readers, students need to be able to read, think, and talk about text. Mondos new supplemental reading program focuses on developing the reading behaviors and the academic language students need to analyze text and to articulate their thinking. Each leveled reading book features:
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Notice of a number of retirements and appointments has been recently issued by the Provincial office. Details are as follows.
E Comp George Daniel Jones PGSwdB Deputy Grand Superintendent
has intimated to the Grand Superintendent of his desire to retire from office at the convocation of Provincial Grand Chapter on 12 October 2017.
The Province has benefited greatly from the substantial contribution made by Comp Jones during his many years in high office, both in the Craft and the Royal Arch, and the Grand Superintendent is deeply grateful for his dedication and commitment and wishes him well in his retirement.
Comp Jones will be succeeded on 12 October 2017 as Deputy Grand Superintendent by:
E Comp Dr Paul Andrew Renton PGStB
and the Grand Superintendent has expressed his deep sense of gratitude to Comp Renton for the significant impact he has had in his capacity as Second Provincial Grand Principal and looks forward to working with him in the future.
Comp Renton will be succeeded on 12 October 2017 as Second Provincial Grand Principal by:
E Comp Barry Jameson PGStB
The Grand Superintendent has extended his appreciation to Comp Jameson for his sustained commitment as an Assistant to the Provincial Grand Principals and looks forward to a successful working relationship in the future.
Comp Jameson will be succeeded as Assistant to the Provincial Grand Principals on 12 October 2017 by:
E Comp Colin John Rowling PGStB
who will assume responsibility for the Eccles Group, South Eastern Group, St Helens and Prescot Group,
Warrington and District Group and Widnes Group.
Bro and Comp Rowling will be succeeded as Chairman of the St Helens and Prescot Group on 12 October 2017 by:
W Bro Graham Edwin Williams PPrJGW
who will retire as Vice Chairman of the St Helens and Prescot Group on 12 October 2017 and will be succeeded on that day as vice chairman by:
W Bro Gratten Williams PPrJGW


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ROME (Reuters) - Italians finish voting in one of the most closely watched and unpredictable elections in years on Monday with a surge in protest votes fuelling concern that the ballot may not produce a government strong enough to pull Italy from its economic slump.
A bitter campaign, fought largely over economic issues, has been closely watched by financial markets, still wary after the debt crisis that took the whole euro zone close to disaster and brought technocrat prime minister Mario Monti to office in 2011.
For the euro zone, the stakes are high. Italy is the third largest economy in the 17-member bloc and the prospect of political stalemate could reawaken the threat of dangerous market instability.
Opinion polls give the centre-left coalition led by the veteran former industry minister Pier Luigi Bersani a narrow lead but the race has been thrown open by the prospect of a huge protest vote against austerity policies imposed by Monti and rage at a wave of corporate and political scandals.
Luigi Bartoletti, a 57-year-old salesman from Rome said he had voted for the anti-establishment 5-Star Movement of comic Beppe Grillo, who has electrified the race with a furious campaign against corruption and privilege in the elite.
"But unfortunately I don't believe there will be a stable government," he said. "The hope is that by voting for these people, even if they're inexperienced, there may be a minimum of checks on the management of public affairs."
The 5-Star Movement, heavily backed by a frustrated younger generation increasingly shut out of full-time jobs, has polled strongly and some believe it could challenge Silvio Berlusconi's PDL party as Italy's second largest political force.
But the 76 year-old Berlusconi has campaigned fiercely at the head of a centre-right coalition, pledging sweeping tax cuts and echoing Grillo's attacks on Monti, Germany and the euro in a media blitz that has halved the lead of the centre-left since the start of the year.
Support for Monti's centrist coalition meanwhile has faded and he appears set to trail in well behind the main parties.
Polling stations opened for the first day of voting on Sunday and by the time they had closed, some 54 percent of voters had cast their ballots, a sharp fall on the level of 62.5 percent seen at the same stage in the last election in 2008, interior ministry figures showed.
Voting ends at 3 p.m. (1400 GMT) on Monday with the first exit polls due shortly afterwards.
Whatever government emerges will inherit an economy that has been largely stagnant for much of the past two decades and problems ranging from record youth unemployment to a dysfunctional justice system and a bloated public sector.
At the same time, the credibility of the political system has been hit by corruption scandals and criminal investigations affecting state-controlled defense group Finmeccanica and Italy's third-largest bank Monte dei Paschi di Siena.
Despite the opinion polls suggesting the centre-left is leading, it is far from clear that Bersani will be able to control both houses of parliament and form a stable government capable of lasting a full five-year term.
Italy's electoral laws guarantee a strong majority in the lower house to the party or coalition that wins the biggest share of the overall national vote.
However the Senate, elected on a region-by-region basis, is more complicated and the result could turn on a handful of regions where results are too close to call, including Lombardy in the rich industrial north and the southern island of Sicily.
Many politicians and analysts believe Bersani and Monti will end up in an alliance after the vote, despite a number of spiky exchanges during the campaign and Monti's insistence that he will not join forces with Bersani's leftist allies.
For his part, Bersani, who has pledged to maintain the broad reform course set by Monti while doing more to help growth, says he would seek support from other parties and would be ready to offer the former European Commissioner a job in his government.
But there is no guarantee that it would be possible to form a stable alliance that would also include far-left partners or trade unions that have fiercely opposed key reforms by the Monti government including attempts to ease hiring and firing rules.
After repeated rounds of tax hikes and spending cuts, sliding wages and declining standards of living, Italians are increasingly wary of the austerity medicine prescribed by Monti to prevent Italy's huge public debt from sliding out of control.
However, doubts about any of the alternatives proposed by his political rivals have left many voters despairing of simple improvements and counting on the power of protest to change the whole system.
"I'm voting Grillo and I hope a lot of people do, because it's the only way to show how sick to the teeth we are with the old parties," said 34-year-old lab technician Manila Luce.
Additional reporting by Stefano Bernabei and Gavin Jones; Editing by Stephen Powell


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You May Also Enjoy:
Here's a thoughtful and delicious gift your business associates will long remember. This flavorful assortment of Mammoth pecan halves includes generous portions of Roasted & Salted, Milk Chocolate Pecans and Praline Pecans...our three most popular snacking pecans. Each tasteful variety is nestled in its own compartment of our colorful, embossed Cane River gift tin. A truly delicious and tasteful gift.
Perfect Gift!
Oct 20, 2014 | By Logan Gregg
When I first tried the chocolate covered pecans I was hooked and almost couldn't turn to the other flavors but I was equally pleased with both the Praline Pecans and the Roasted & Salted Pecans.
Great Product Great Service
Dec 11, 2014 | By Nikki Neubauer
Purchased the trio for an executive gift and it was perfect. We enjoy offering local company product for our most important guests! Thanks!
Perfect as always!
Dec 12, 2014 | By Jessica Furst
Fabulous job as always! And wonderful timing on the delivery. It's no wonder why I recommend them to everyone and why my family has been buying for generations!
Dec 15, 2014 | By Anna Durham
It was a gift that I received today. For Christmas
Very delicious. So yummy
Very delicious. So yummy
Happy Maude
Dec 17, 2014 | By Elizabeth Lee
The pecans are all large and delicious. A reliable Christmas gift for everyone, including family. I usually order for my all in my family, but much to my chagrin the ordering process was changed from last year--unless I created an account which I am not a business and do not need to do.
Owner Response:Creating an account with Cane River is not only for businesses, it is designed for anyone who has a list of people they would like to send pecan gifts to or for anyone who wants to keep their billing information on file for quicker checkouts. These are just a couple of beneficial features of creating an account.
Freshest Pecans Ever!
Dec 18, 2014 | By Pam Bonfield
Someone sent these pecans to me last year and they were the BEST pecans I have EVER had! So I saved the name and sent them to one of my friends this year. She raved about them too!
Great gifts!
Dec 22, 2014 | By Patsy Arceneaux
My family loves these! They look forward to them every year.
Pecan Trio
Dec 24, 2014 | By Barbara McKinney
Beautifully packaged, quality pecans and fast delivery!
Dec 25, 2014 | By Pat Waldie
The pecans were so fresh and delicious!! Top notch!!
Pecan Trio
Dec 25, 2014 | By Carolyn Dove
The folks I ordered this for were very pleased and have devoured most of the pecans before Christmas.
Great Gift!
Dec 27, 2014 | By Jan
This was given as a gift to three different people and everyone responded with pecans in their mouths saying how terrific they were. I will definitely give these tins again!
Great, as usual!
Dec 27, 2014 | By Doug Manship Jr.
Your pecans were great, as usual!
Everyone loved them!
Everyone loved them!
Best Pecans Ever
Dec 29, 2014 | By Marybeth Castay
This was my first time ordering Cane River pecans for the family. Our office has received them as gifts the last several years. They are absolutely the best pecans we have ever had! The Pecan Trio is the perfect combination of chocolate, salty and sweet!! LOVE THEM!!
Executive Pecan Trio Assortment
Feb 6, 2015 | By Phyllis Roden
Ordering was easy. The pecans arrived well packed and in amazingly short time. Now they are off to France to be given as a gift to a dear friend. I thought it might be akin to carrying coals to New Castle, but I don't recall eating many pecans in France so hope it will be a fun gift for my friend.
The Best
Apr 7, 2015 | By Suzanne
I sent these pecans to a friend for Easter & she is still raving about how good they are. Thanks. SLM in Maryland
the best
Nov 29, 2015 | By Ray Owens
I won a tin of pecans a few years ago and they were so good I've been buying them as gifts ever since. Outstandingly good!
Surprise & Delight
Nov 30, 2016 | By Catherine Taylor
We shipped the pecan trio to some very special friends in New Jersey! They were so excited & appreciative that they sent us a video of when they opened the package. .. They love the pecans!!
Dec 29, 2017 | By Helen Dufreche
My husband and I gave Cane River's pecan trio for Christmas gifts to all of our out-of-town friends. We had Cane River ship to them (which was really easy to do online) and EVERYONE we shipped them to called us saying how wonderful they were (one man even said he went online and ordered more). This is a great gift because it gives three different kinds of pecans - so EVERYONE will enjoy it. We are going to send this EVERY year. It's a great gift and Cane River does a great job shipping!
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Dec 4, 2018 | By Denise Lake
We purchased these as gifts for our vendors, customers and employees. They are a big hit with everyone!! Thank you for the quick turnaround on the order. We will be ordering from you again in the future!


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On July 7, 1922, a great American success story began: A few passionate visionaries created a high-tech venture in the shadow of a great university and developed a breakthrough product that transformed a nation.
One of the earliest technology start-ups, Raytheon was established in Cambridge, Mass., home of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as the American Appliance Company.
The company's founders were Vannevar Bush, who would become dean of MIT's School of Engineering; Laurence Marshall, an engineer; and Charles G. Smith, a scientist who had done work on the electrical properties of gases.
Their revolutionary innovation was the S gas rectifier tube, a device that eliminated one of the cumbersome expensive batteries that previously powered home radios.
The tube transformed the radio into an affordable "must-have" appliance that could be plugged into a wall socket, turning radio into a true mass medium that brought the world into America's living rooms.
Raytheon quickly moved to the forefront of innovation in the electronics industry. During World War II, Raytheon employees contributed to the war effort. They supplied 80 percent of the magnetron tubes used in U.S. and British radars and developed parts for the crucial proximity fuse in antiaircraft shells, among other equipment.
After the war Raytheon began offering civilian products, the microwave being among the most famous. Raytheon engineer Percy Spencer discovered microwave cooking when, as he stood in front of an active magnetron, a candy bar in his pocket began to melt. Intrigued, he sent out for popcorn kernels – and they began to pop. With that, a new appliance was soon on its way.
In the decades that followed, Raytheon employees would build on the company's reputation for technology and innovation leadership. Today it stands as a global technology leader specializing in defense, homeland security and other government markets.
For a deeper look at the company's history, read on. You can also check out our Facebook timeline.
World War II Years
Raytheon met urgent production needs for magnetron tubes used by Allied forces for radar defense, and produced the Sea Going (SG) microwave surface search radar that went on U.S. Navy ships. The SG provided vital situational awareness in the major battles in the Pacific and helped eliminate the submarine menace in the Battle of the Atlantic.
Reaching New Heights
1950s and 1960s
In the 50's and 60's, amazing innovations were everywhere. The Raytheon-guided Lark Missile knocked a test drone out of the air, becoming the first missile-mounted guidance system and continuous wave radar capable of intercepting moving objects. Raytheon, then, filled the skies with a new generation of guided missiles – including Sparrow and Hawk.
To the Moon
The 1969 lunar landing captured the world's imagination, and Raytheon played a key role. For Apollo 11, Raytheon built the computer that guided the space vehicles in their journey, and its on-board microwave tube transmitted radio and TV signals to earth, enabling millions to witness history live. The Apollo Guidance Computer gained the reputation of the most reliable digital computer of its time.
Vietnam Era
The AIM-7F Sparrow entered production to improve dog fight capability. The Hughes Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, Wire-guided (TOW) anti-tank missile demonstrated high effectiveness when introduced into combat.
Modern Conflicts
1980s and 1990s
In the Persian Gulf War, Raytheon's Patriot Missile intercepted Iraqi Scuds fired at Israel and Saudi Arabia, becoming the first missile ever to engage a hostile ballistic missile in combat.
Raytheon Today
Raytheon today is a unique technology company and a world leader in defense electronics, with a broad range of products, service and capabilities. The proud legacies of Raytheon, E-Systems, Texas Instruments Defense, Hughes Aircraft and others have come together to form one company with one vision: One global team creating trusted, innovative solutions to make the world a safer place.
The Missions Of Tomorrow
Today, Raytheon is a technology and innovation leader specializing in defense, civil government and cybersecurity markets throughout the world. It provides state-of-the-art electronics, mission systems integration and other capabilities in the areas of sensing; effects; and command, control, communications and intelligence systems, as well as cybersecurity and a broad range of mission support services. With the hard work and dedication of tens of thousands of employees around the world, Raytheon is well-equipped to meet the needs of its customers in more than 80 countries — today and tomorrow.


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Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Philosophy Index: Aesthetics · Epistemology · Ethics · Logic · Metaphysics · Consciousness · Philosophy of Language · Philosophy of Mind · Philosophy of Science · Social and Political philosophy · Philosophies · Philosophers · List of lists
Genetic epistemology is a study of the origins (genesis) of knowledge (epistemology), which was established by Jean Piaget.
The goal of genetic epistemology is to link the validity of knowledge to the model of its construction. In other words, it shows that the method in which the knowledge was obtained/created affects the validity of that knowledge. For example, our direct experience with gravity makes our knowledge of it more valid than our indirect experience with black holes.
Genetic epistemology also explains the process of how a human being develops cognitively from birth throughout his or her life through four primary stages of development. 1) Sensorimotor (birth to age 2) 2) Preoperational (2-7) 3) Concrete operational (7-11) 4) Formal operational (11 years onward). The main focus is on the younger years of development.
Progress from one stage to another comes by way of a process of development. Assimilation, which occurs when the perception of a new event or object occurs to the learner in an existing schema and is usually used in the context of self motivation. Accommodation, one accommodates the experiences according to the outcome of the tasks. The highest form of development is equilibration. Equilibration encompasses both assimilation and accommodation as the learner changes their way of thinking in order to arrive at a correct or different answer. This is the upper level of development.
Jean Piaget did not consider himself a psychologist - instead he called his study Genetic Epistemology. In contemporary English, genetics refers to the functions of heredity, rather than the more broad reference to biological concerns. Contemporary reference to his studies would more likely give you the terminology 'developmental theory of knowledge'. Piaget believed that knowledge is a biological function that results from the actions of an individual and is borne out of change and transformation. He also stated that knowledge consists of structures, and comes about by the adaptation of these structures with the environment.
From the standpoint of logic, Piaget's genetic epistemology is a half-way house between formal logic and dialectical logic; from the standpoint of epistemology, Piaget's genetic epistemology is a half-way house between objective idealism and materialism.
Piaget's Schema TheoryEdit
1) Thought passes through a series of stages of development; at each stage there applies formal logic at a specific stage of differentiation which may be characterized by an algebra in which exactly such-and-such a mathematical structure applies, corresponding to the axioms of logic at that stage; this logic is manifested first in actions, then at a relatively early stage in sensorimotor operations (in the specific mathematical sense of the word, as opposed to "actions" which are equivalent to relations but not yet mathematical operations), and finally in operations which express thoughts, conscious purposive activity. 2) The material basis for transition from sensorimotor intelligence to representation and from representation to conceptual thought is the interiorisation of practical activity. 3) The successive stages of concepts manifested in child development imply relations of deduction in mathematical logic and in the development of thinking in other planes of development, such as in the history of science and the history of knowledge in the anthropological domain[1].
Piaget draws on the full range of contemporary mathematical knowledge, a vast empirical base of observation of the learning of very young children built up at his institute and reports of observations of older children and a general knowledge of the development of knowledge in history.
(1) From the standpoint of dialectical logic, we must agree that at each stage of development, at each "definition of the Absolute" in Hegel's terminology, formal logic is applicable. Piaget's proof of this is striking, and his demonstration of how the stages of development in child thought pass through a specific series which is deductive in a specific sense from the standpoint of mathematics is original and profound.
However, from the standpoint of understanding development (and this is Piaget's standpoint), what is important is not the definition of each stage but the transition from one to the next; and for this it is necessary to demonstrate the internal contradiction within the logic of that plane.
Since Piaget draws on mathematical logic more developed than what was known to Hegel, it will be necessary to investigate these structures to see if this speculative proposition proves to be valid.
(2) The concept of interiorisation is indeed the basis of the materialist view of the development of thought. However, Piaget, as a professional child-psychologist falls prey to the objective idealism of any professional, of elevating the subject matter of his particular profession from being an aspect of the material world to being its master. [The charge of objective idealism is qualified, for Piaget is quite unambiguous that relations conceived of in thought exist objectively in the material world].
Thus, since his body of authoritative empirical work is in relation to early childhood development, he imposes the schema appropriate to this semi-human subject on to adolescent development, speculates on its possible reflection in anthropological development and confounds it with the history of development of science and philosophy. I say "confounds" because Piaget is aware that his schemas do not seem to apply in this domain. In this sense, the charge of objective idealism would seem unfair, but from confounding he does not go further and seek the implication of this lack of correspondence, but seeks to minimize it.
By focusing on early childhood (as indeed he must; that is his profession, and his institute has contributed a vast body of empirical material), Piaget sees what is biologically (zoologically?) human but not what is socially (historically) human, and humanity is essentially social, after all.
(3) On the plus side, it has to be said that Piaget deals once and for all with any idea of innate intelligence, and makes fully convincing the prospect of a fully genetic (i.e. developmental) elaboration of intelligence, assuming only animal instincts such as grasping and sucking and sensorimotor "equipment" capable of reflecting highly developed relations. A weakness in Piaget's theory could be that there isn't proof in how one transitions from one stage to the next. Can someone progress from one stage forward, but revert backwards, and then move forward again?
Types of knowledge Edit
Piaget proposes three types of knowledge: physical, logical mathematical, and social knowledge.
Physical knowledge: It refers to knowledge related to objects in the world, which can be acquired through perceptual properties. The acquisition of physical knowledge has been equated with learning in Piaget's theory (Gruber and Voneche, 1995). In other words thought is fit directly to experience.
"Piaget also called his view constructivism, because he firmly believed that knowledge acquisition is a process of continuous self-construction. That is, Knowledge is not out there, external to the child and waiting to be discovered. But neither is it wholly performed within the child, ready to emerge as the child develops with the world surrounding her...Piaget believed tht children actively approach their environments and acquire knowledge through their actions."²
"Piaget distinguished among thee types of knowledge that children acquire: Physical, logical-mathematical, and social knowledge. Physical knowledge, also called epirical knowledge, has to do with knowledge about objects in the world, which can be gained through their perceptual properties...Logical-Mathematical knowledge is abstract and must be invented, but through actions on objects that are fundamentally different from those actions enabling physical knowledge...Social Knowledge is culture-specfic and can be learned only from other people within one's cultural group."
See alsoEdit
- Constructivist epistemology
- General semantics
- Learning theory
- Learning styles
- Educational psychology
- International Center for Genetic Epistemology
- Theory of cognitive development
- ↑ in "Genetic Epistemology" by Jean Piaget (1968)
- Driscoll, Marcy Perkins [1994]. "6" Arnis Burvikovs [www.ablongman.com Psychology of Learning for Instruction], 3rd, pp.190-216, Boston: Pearson Education, Inc..
- [1977] Berly A. Geber [www.ablongman.com Piaget and Knowing Studies in Genetic Epistemology], 3rd, pp.13-16, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
- Vuyk, Rita [1981]. "3" Arnis Burvikovs Overview and Critique of Piaget's Genetic Epistemology, 1965-1980, Volume 1, 1st, pp.26, London: Academic Press Inc..
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