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Ethnic Groups of Oregon
This entry was originally written by Dwight A. Radford for Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources.
Native American
The history of Oregon's Native American population is similar to that of Washington. Coastal tribes were little affected by the Spaniards in California or the fur traders. However, from the mid-nineteenth century onward, the Native Americans of Oregon were rapidly dispossessed and placed upon reservations as follows: most of the Chinookan tribes were placed on the Warm Springs and Grande Ronde reservations and on Yakima Reservation in Washington; all of the Athapascan tribes were placed on the Siletz Reservation; the Umpqua went to the Grand Ronde; the Kusan and Yakonan tribes were placed on the Siletz Reservation; the Salishan population of Oregon was placed on the Grande Ronde and Siletz reservations; most of the Kalapooian peoples went to the Grand Ronde and a few on the Siletz; most of the Molala went to the Grande Ronde; the Klamath went to Klamath Reserve; the Modoc went mostly on the Klamath Reserve, but a few went to the Quapaw Reservation in Oklahoma; the Shahaptian tribes of Oregon went to the Umatilla Reservation; and the Northern Paiutes went to the Klamath Reservation.
For a more detailed history of each Oregon reservation and land definitions, see Jeff Zucker, Oregon Indians: Culture, History and Current Affairs, An Atlas and Introduction (Portland, Ore.: Oregon Historical Society, ca. 1983).
Many Native Americans converted to Catholicism, and the early parish and mission registers have been printed. An excellent source of Native American family genealogies is Charles E. McChesney et al., Rolls of Certain Indian Tribes In Washington and Oregon (Fairfield, Wash.: Ye Galleon Press, 1969).
Many Native American records are microfilmed and are on file at the National Archives'Pacific Alaska Region (Seattle); some are on file at the FHL. The following agency records are available:
Grand Ronde-Siletz Agency, Toledo, Oregon (1863'1954). Records include general correspondence and decimal files, school records, heirship cards, maps, annuity payrolls, ledgers for accounts of individual Indians, vital statistics and census rolls, health reports, social service case files, court records, tribal constitutions, records concerning land allotments and sales, forestry, Civilian Conservation Corps work, and relief and rehabilitation. This agency was established in 1856 for Native Americans living on the Coast Reservation who had been moved from other parts of Oregon. The principal tribes under this agency were the Joshua, Sixes (Kwatami), Chetco, Rogue River, Chastacosta, and Klamath.
Klamath Indian Agency, Klamath Falls, Oregon (1865'1960). Records include general subject files, tribal election ballots, business committee and general council minutes, Klamath Loan Board files, records concerning irrigation, allotments and other land transactions, forestry, grazing, agricultural extension, accounts of individual Indians, law and order, annuities, and medical care. Klamath was made a full agency in 1872, with the Klamath, Modoc, 'Snake,' Pit River, and Shoshone tribes under its jurisdiction.
Portland Area Office, Portland, Oregon (1902'64). Records include program planning records, minutes of the Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Committee, correspondence and reports concerning schools, grazing permits, welfare case files, tribal constitutions, legal case files, allotment ledgers, records concerning land allotments and sales, land classification, heirship, forestry, irrigation, road construction, tribal welfare, and health.
Umatilla Indian Agency, Pendleton, Oregon (1862'1964). Records include general correspondence, school records, tribal rolls, records concerning farming and grazing leases, the Civilian Conservation Corps program, individual Indian accounts, land allotments, heirship, family histories, medical treatment, law enforcement, court cases, and economic and social surveys. This agency was established in 1861 for the Umatilla, Cayuse, and Walla Walla tribes. Other tribes were later transferred to this agency.
Warm Springs Indian Agency, Warm Springs, Oregon (1861'1952). Records include general correspondence, decimal files, school attendance records, land and survey field notes, a tract book, cattle sales reports, ledgers and abstracts of individual Indian accounts, appropriation land allotment ledgers, censuses, a family history record, individual Indian history cards, court dockets, birth and death registers, medical reports, tribal council records, records concerning lease payments, forestry, Civilian Conservation Corps programs, roads, and per capita payments. This agency was established in 1851 for the Warm Springs, Wasco, Tenino, John Day, and Northern Paiute tribes.
A valuable source for Native American research is the Chemawa Indian School records, a non-reservation school established in Forest Grove, Oregon, in 1880. In 1885 the school was moved to a site north of Salem known as Chemawa, where it has been called both Chemawa and Salem. The school is important because it enrolled students from all over the Pacific Northwest. The school records include general correspondence, decimal files, descriptive statements about children, applications for admission, attendance records, student health cards, student and graduate student case files, and ledgers for accounts of individual Indians. These school records are on file at the National Archives'Pacific Alaska Region (Seattle) and the FHL.
Another major source for Native American research is the Major James McLaughlin Papers.
Other Ethnic Groups
The southeast corner of Oregon has a large population of Basques, who arrived in the latter 1800s and early 1900s. Basques usually entered America at Ellis Island and drifted across the country. Principal Basque settlements in Oregon were McDermitt, on the northern Nevada border; Jordan Valley; Andrews, 125 miles south of Crane; Fields, 15 miles further south; and Ontario, Oregon, at the junction of the Malheur River and the Snake River.
In 1925 McDermitt was almost completely a Basque town, and by 1945 Jordan Valley had the largest Basque settlement in southeast Oregon with two-thirds of the population of Basque descent. The University of Nevada has major Basque collections, which include 12,000 volumes concerning the Basques in America. For more information, contact at the Basque Studies Program, University of Nevada, Getchell Library, Rm. 274, Reno, NV 89557 www.library.unr.edu/depts/basqlib/Default.htm.
During the 1880s, Oregon's Chinese population greatly increased as a result of extensive railroad construction in the area. Tension rose against the Asiatics in the Pacific Northwest. Shortly after the riots against Seattle and Tacoma's Chinatowns in November 1885, Portland held an anti-Chinese convention during which resolutions were adopted requiring the Chinese population to relocate to San Francisco within thirty days. The first group of Chinese laborers coming directly to Portland arrived in 1888.
The Chinese played a vital role in the development of eastern Oregon. Eastern Oregon's growth was dependent on the railroad and mining for which the Chinese provided the majority of labor. By 1857 the Chinese began moving north from California to Oregon to begin mining. Migrants began to move eastward from southern Oregon when gold was discovered on the Powder River in Oregon and the Salmon River in Idaho. By 1880 many Chinese mining companies were in operation at John Day in Grant County. Christopher Howard Edson's, The Chinese in Eastern Oregon, 1860'1890 (San Francisco: R and E Research Associates, 1974) is an excellent study of the contributions of the Chinese community to the settlement and development of eastern Oregon.
A few Japanese entered Oregon between 1880 and 1890, but the greatest migration came during subsequent decades. Japanese immigrants generally worked as railroad hands, sawmill workers, and agricultural laborers. A total of 2,501 Japanese were recorded in the 1900 U.S. census of Oregon. By 1930 the Japanese population in Oregon had doubled. During World War II, hysteria swept America and Oregon's Japanese community came under suspicion. Many Japanese-Americans were relocated to camps in Idaho where they remained until the war was over.


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By Teachers, For Teachers
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. (AP) — A new, $3.2 million computer system to track Illinois teacher certifications is set to finally go live next month after a series of delays and glitches.
The (Springfield) State Journal-Register reports (http://bit.ly/13yBxXo ) the Educator Licensure Information system is aimed at clarifying Illinois' often complication certification process. The old system had 60 types of certifications, which often made it difficult to figure out which teachers were certified to teach different subjects or grade levels.
The new system has just three licenses, but required the state to convert hundreds of thousands of files.
The new system was briefly launched in July, but had to be shut down after a glitch allowed educators to see personal information about their colleagues.
It was originally supposed to have gone online in June 2012.
Information from: The State Journal-Register, http://www.sj-r.com

subset: commoncrawl


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This set features our Ancient Gold finish with a powder blue font. The numbering is our unique Dragon Font that is a one-of-a-kind design which is only being utilized on Metal Dice of Ancient Dragons Series.
These are solid metal dice that are finished with a brushed and antiqued gold color. This set is a classically sized polyhedral set where the D20 is slightly larger than the other dice to allow for easier number placement and legibility.
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Believe it or not, artist and wood-savant Paul Grundbacher doesn't draw up a rough schematic or do any kind of planning before he starts building his amazing marble machines. He just dives right in, crafting the components he needs out of maple, ash, and linden wood. That approach also means he spends a lot of time re-building mechanisms when they don't quite work, but the end results don't disappoint.
Quatro, seen above, was actually built back in 2010. But the pinnacle of of Paul's creations has to be the Archimedis, which represents about three winters worth of work. Standing almost five feet tall, it could almost replace the living room TV as a way to keep kids (and adults) entertained for hours on end. [Woodgears via MetaFilter via This is Colossal]


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Businesses which want to apply for a liquor license/beer permit from the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission are required to obtain the City Clerk's signature on the form. The signature is obtained after completing the permit process.
Permit Process in English
El Procesamiento de Permiso en Español
After the pre-qualification packet is obtained from the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission (TABC), contact the Liquor License Coordinator at (512) 974-2210. Staff will provide a tracking number which you will use to reference your application.
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Mplus Home
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Average Latent Class Probabilities
Mplus Discussion
Latent Variable Mixture Modeling
Scott C. Roesch
posted on Saturday, August 20, 2005 - 8:11 am
I was wondering how MPlus calculates the values that appear in the "Average Latent Class Probabilities for Most Likely Latent Class Membership by Latent Class" section from an LCA. Also, are the mathematics that MPlus uses similar for a LPA.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Saturday, August 20, 2005 - 9:20 am
For the subset of observations with the most likely class of 1, for example, the posterior probabilities for each class are averaged.
chinthaka kuruwita
posted on Friday, September 07, 2007 - 11:41 am
Hi Dr.Muthen,
I'm using M-plus ver 4.21 for my LCA. I have a 3 class model. The output gives me 3 types of class membership proportions/counts.
1. Based on the Model.
2. Based on Posterior Probabilities.
3. Based on most likely class membership.
1 and 2 are identical. Why ?
3 is different from 1 and 2. Why ?
I thought that classification into most likely class is done based on the posterior probabilities, in which case 2 and 3 should agree .
I could not find any explanation on this in the M-plus user guide. Please help.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, September 18, 2007 - 5:07 am
1 and 2 are identical when the model has no restriction on the categorical latent variable distribution.
Number 3 is different because it is based on the single most likely class membership not the set of estimated posterior probabliiles for each class. They would only agree in the cae of perfect classification.
chinthaka kuruwita
posted on Friday, September 21, 2007 - 12:18 pm
Hi Dr.Muthen,
Thanks for the explanation on the posterior probabilities.
For the purpose of reporting, what counts/proportions should I use ? In my case, the model proprtions are quite similar to the classification proportions. So I guess either one is OK. But in case they differ my sizable amounts which one should we use ?
Also I get a warning message
*** WARNING in Model command
All variables are uncorrelated with all other variables within class.
Check that this is what is intended.
Under conditional independence isn't this what we expect ? Please advise.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Friday, September 21, 2007 - 3:44 pm
I would use those based on the estimated model.
The warning is just that. It can be ignored if that is what is expected.
chinthaka kuruwita
posted on Wednesday, September 26, 2007 - 10:59 am
Hi Dr.Muthen,
I'm working on a LTA model and I read the example in a paper poster on your web site and it had the following code to constrain the transition probabilities:
CLASSES : c1(3) c2(3) c3(3);
Could you help me in understanding what the numbers in (101) (102) mean ?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, September 26, 2007 - 11:15 am
See the transition table at the end of Chapter 13 under the heading Logistic Regression Parameterization. This shows the relationship between the transition table and the parameters in the model.
chinthaka kuruwita
posted on Wednesday, September 26, 2007 - 12:50 pm
Thanks. I have a another question. What is the difference in multinomial parametrization and the loglinear parametrization . Thank you for your help.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, September 26, 2007 - 1:40 pm
The logistic parameterization estimates a multinomial logistic regression. The loglinear parameterization estimates a loglinear model.
chinthaka kuruwita
posted on Thursday, September 27, 2007 - 9:54 am
Hi Dr.Muthen,
When I run my LTA model with full measurement invariant models with 3 time points I get the following warning:
There are more equality labels given than there are parameters.
Some equality labels will not be used.
Equality: 1-6
Here is my code :
[vic1$1 vic2$1 vic3$1 vic4$1 vic5$1 dep](1-6);
I want these 6 items to be the same in all 3 time points in my LTA model. What could be the reason I get this warning ?
My other question is : the class counts and proportions (for a 3 class model) I get from my LTA model are different from what I observed on the cross-sectional analysis where I did 3 LCA's for the 3 time points . What could be the reason for this?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, September 27, 2007 - 2:18 pm
I would need to see the full output to answer your first question. Please send the output and your license number to
The reason you don't get the same classes from the LTA versus the separate LCA's could be due to different observations being analyzed due to listwise deletion, equalities in the LTA which cause the model not to fit, or the need for not only first-order but perhaps second-order effects.
chinthaka kuruwita
posted on Monday, October 01, 2007 - 10:26 am
Hi Dr. Muthen,
Thanks for your reply to my question about the warnings. I have another question.
Can we use continuous variablese (items) in LCA to determine the groups. For example, I have a depression indicator which is continuous and I used it in my corss sectional LCA to deternmine the latent classes together with another 5 binary indicators. M-plus did not give any error and I just want to find out whether we can use a continuous item in LCA ? If possible can you give me a reference to look into.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, October 01, 2007 - 10:34 am
Yes. Latent class indicators can be continuous, censored, binary, ordered categorical (ordinal), unordered categorical (nominal), counts, or combinations of these variable types. I don't know of a reference that says this. But a model with all continuous latent class indicators is often referred to as Latent Profile Analysis.
chinthaka kuruwita
posted on Monday, October 01, 2007 - 10:48 am
chinthaka kuruwita
posted on Tuesday, October 09, 2007 - 10:19 am
Hi Dr.Muthen,
I have a logitudinal data set with 3 time points and at each of the time points I'm measuring a latent construct that has 3 classes using a 6 item measurement model, 5 of which are binary and one continuous item.
My LTA model gives me 35 parameters, and I do not understand how to determine the number of parameters in my model.
I used full measurement invariance and a 1st oder model with NON homogeneous transition probabilities.
Please help,
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, October 09, 2007 - 10:28 am
I don't understand your question. Are you asking about how many parameters are in a model you have estimated or how many parameters will be in a hypothetical model that you have not yet estimated.
chinthaka kuruwita
posted on Tuesday, October 09, 2007 - 12:32 pm
What I meant to ask was how Mplus calculate the number of parameters for my fitted model.
My guess was : 6 parameters for each time point for the measurement model gives 30 and I wonder what the other 5 parameters are ?
I hope this makes sense, sorry about the confusion.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, October 09, 2007 - 1:05 pm
Ask for TECH1 in the OUTPUT command to see the free parameters in the model. Also, see the Results. You will have an estimate for each of the 35 free parameters.
Karl Hallmackenreuther
posted on Tuesday, June 03, 2008 - 5:07 am
Me and my colleagues were asking us, if the following classification matrix (average Latent Class Probabilities for most likely Latent Class Membership) implies enough classfication quality to publish our 4-groups solution. We want to predict class membership.
0.807 0.026 0.090 0.076
0.018 0.797 0.115 0.070
0.028 0.044 0.890 0.039
0.031 0.103 0.094 0.771
entropy: .73
I know it isn't easy to judge, if one doesn't know all the facts but a short appraisal based on the values above would be fine! Is it very bad or something one can work on further?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, June 03, 2008 - 10:31 am
If you look at the information you provide, you see that it is class 2 that is contributing most to the low entropy. It has a large number of observations in class 3. It is not always the case that classes are distinct. It depends on what the classes are. Do the classes make sense? Does the fact that they are not distinct make sense? If you decide on these four classes, you can add covariates to the model by regressing the latent class variable on a set of covariates.
Karl Hallmackenreuther
posted on Thursday, June 05, 2008 - 11:30 am
thank you! further analysis revealed interesting outcomes. Covariates lead to higer entropy. But, BLRT points to a 3 group solution, BIC points to the 4 group solution. Since I've heard one should trust BLRT more, I decided for the 3 group solution. But, the problem here is: depending on the set (i have two possible sets) of my covariates the 3 group solution entails different of the smaller groups of the 4 group solution in both covariate sets. The 3 group solution seems not stable with respect to which of the smaller groups are isolated. Since, theoretically, all of the smaller groups from the 4 class solution make sense, I have a hard time to decide which 3 group solution I can trust more. Could that be a reason to switch back to the 4 groups?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Thursday, June 05, 2008 - 11:48 am
Yes. I think ultimately the interpretation is key.
Jerry Cochran
posted on Monday, December 20, 2010 - 6:13 am
Hi Dr. Muthen,
It seems that I am having a similar issue as posted above by chinthaka kuruwita, September 26, 2007 - 10:59 am. Specifically, I am trying to test model invariance as I build my LTA model. However, I keep getting this error for all of my classes as I run the constrained model:
*** WARNING in MODEL command
There are more equality labels given than there are parameters.
Some equality labels will not be used.
My syntax is:
CLASSES = c (3);
ANALYSIS: TYPE = mixture;
Do you have any ideas where I am going wrong?
Thank you for your help.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, December 20, 2010 - 6:23 am
In the version of Mplus you are using, a list of variables must be used with a list of equality labels, for example,
[y1-y4] (1-4);
[y1 y2 y3 y4] (1-4);
Jerry Cochran
posted on Monday, December 20, 2010 - 9:01 am
Thank you for your help--it was right on. I really appreciate it.
Emmanuel Bizimungu
posted on Monday, March 14, 2016 - 5:33 am
Dear Dr. Muthen,
I have identified a 4 LCA model which I want to use to predict class membership. However, I read literature that discourages using multinomial regression on grounds that it yields based estimates and biased standard errors. Could you kindly advise me on necessary modifications that I need to perform. Here is my LCA model
Class1 Class2 Class3 Class4
0.00 0.00 0.69 0.60
0.12 0.39 0.65 0.92
0.20 0.27 0.53 0.59
0.00 0.17 0.00 0.64
0.07 0.89 0.30 0.94
0.00 0.03 0.03 0.18
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Monday, March 14, 2016 - 6:19 pm
I am not aware of literature discouraging the use of multinomial regression. You can do this "c ON x" regression in a 1-step or 3-step fashion. See
Asparouhov, T. & Muth�n, B. (2014). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Three-step approaches using Mplus. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21:3, 329-341. The posted version corrects several typos in the published version. An earlier version of this paper was posted as web note 15. Download appendices with Mplus scripts.
Katharine Buek
posted on Wednesday, March 21, 2018 - 3:22 pm
In my results tables, I want to report average class membership posterior probabilities... which of these two pieces of output should i use?
Average Latent Class Probabilities for Most Likely Latent Class Membership (Row)
by Latent Class (Column)
1 2
1 0.893 0.107
2 0.143 0.857
Classification Probabilities for the Most Likely Latent Class Membership (Column)
by Latent Class (Row)
1 2
1 0.908 0.092
2 0.165 0.835
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, March 21, 2018 - 4:48 pm
I think you want estimated class probabilities based on posterior probabilities - given at the top of the results as
Katharine Buek
posted on Wednesday, March 21, 2018 - 5:04 pm
Thank you, but I'm not looking for the class counts, I want to give the classification probability, along with other info about the model like entropy and ICL.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Thursday, March 22, 2018 - 3:41 pm
Use the first set:
Average Latent Class Probabilities for Most Likely Latent Class Membership (Row)
by Latent Class (Column)
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The speaking and writing tasks on the TOEFL iBT® test allow test takers to perform communicative language tasks similar to those that they might need to perform in an actual university setting. At ETS, when we score these open-ended or constructed-response tasks, we have to do so in ways that are valid, fair and consistent and that allow for the same score interpretations, regardless of whether the task was scored solely by human raters or with the help of technology. In addition, we also conduct research to ensure that the scoring of the multiple-choice test questions leads to valid, fair and meaningful scores.
To ensure that test scores are reliable and have the same meaning regardless of the institution that plans to use them, part of the TOEFL iBT test's ongoing program of research considers the criteria, tools and methods used to score the test — both the traditional multiple-choice items as well as the open-ended or constructed-response tasks such as the speaking section.
Featured Publications
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Human-Constructed Response Scoring
Developing Analytic Rating Guides for TOEFL iBT® Integrated Speaking Tasks
J. Jamieson & K. Poonpon (2013)
TOEFL iBT Report No. iBT-20
The Relationship Between Raters' Prior Language Study and the Evaluation of Foreign Language Speech Samples
P. Winke, S. Gass, & C. Myford (2011)
TOEFL iBT Report No. iBT-16
How Do Raters from India Perform in Scoring the TOEFL iBT® Speaking Section and What Kind of Training Helps?
X. Xi & P. Mollaun (2009)
TOEFL iBT Report No. iBT-11
Analytic Scoring of TOEFL® CBT Essays: Scores from Humans and e-rater® Engine
Y.-W. Lee, C. Gentile, & R. Kantor (2008)
TOEFL Research Report No. RR-81
Investigating the Utility of Analytic Scoring for the TOEFL® Academic Speaking Test (TAST)
X. Xi & P. Mollaun (2006)
TOEFL iBT Report No. iBT-01
An Examination of Rater Orientations and Test Taker Performance on English-for-Academic-Purposes Speaking Tasks
A. Brown, N. Iwashita, & T. McNamara (2005)
TOEFL Monograph No. MS-29
Exploring Variability in Judging Writing Ability in a Second Language: A Study of Four Experienced Raters of ESL Compositions
M. Erdosy (2004)
TOEFL Research Report No. RR-70
Scoring TOEFL® Essays and TOEFL® 2000 Prototype Writing Tasks: An Investigation Into Raters' Decision Making and Development of a Preliminary Analytic Framework
A. Cumming, R. Kantor, & D. E. Powers (2001)
TOEFL Monograph No. MS-22
Development of Automated Scoring Tools
Validation of Automated Scores of TOEFL iBT® Tasks Against Nontest Indicators of Writing Ability
S. C. Weigle (2011)
TOEFL iBT Report No. iBT-15
Automated Scoring of Spontaneous Speech Using SpeechRater® v1.0
X. Xi, D. Higgins, K. Zechner, & D. M. Williamson (2008)
ETS Research Report No. RR-08-62
Towards an Understanding of the Role of Speech Recognition in Non-native Speech Assessment
K. Zechner, I. I. Bejar, & R. Hemat (2007)
TOEFL iBT Report No. iBT-02
Beyond Essay Length: Evaluating e-rater® Engine's Performance on TOEFL® Essays
M. Chodorow & J. Burstein (2004)
TOEFL Research Report No. RR-73
Automatic Assessment of Vocabulary Usage Without Negative Evidence
C. Leacock & M. Chodorow (2001)
TOEFL Research Report No. RR-67
A Review of Computer-based Speech Technology for the TOEFL® 2000 Test
J. C. Burstein, R. M. Kaplan, S. Rohen-Wolff, D. I. Zuckerman, & C. Lu (1999)
TOEFL Monograph No. MS-13
Computer Analysis of the TOEFL® Test of Written English™
L. T. Frase, J. Faletti, A. Ginther, & L. Grant (1999)
TOEFL Research Report No. RR-64


text:
Category talk:Dev
From Openembedded.org
Dev vs. Developers
Is it really a good idea to use abbreviation as lemma titles? For a beginner it would be much easier to understand what a lemma is for if it has a intuitive name. So I suggest to rename this category to Developers. -- SSZ 13:43, 10 October 2008 (UTC)


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I could not come up with a better title for my question.
What I am asking is this (preemptive excuses to all experts in homotopy theory for naivetes of all kinds you may find herein):
the category of simplicial sets has always been to me something distinguished, on multiple counts:
to begin with, it is simple to describe, almost childish, yet it has a seemingly unfathomable richness.
Its homotopy theory, although usually presented via the geometric realization functor (which is historically correct), is in fact entirely self-contained, and purely combinatorial in character.
Also, simplicial sets plays a very special role in category theory (after all, categories are just some almost trivial example of simplicial sets) and, even more important, in higher dimensional cats.
Somehow, I have the lingering feeling that, in abstract homotopy theory, simplicial sets (or, more properly simplicial objects in some ambient category ) should be, at least for some suitable notion of "regularity" of homotopy theories, paradigmatic. I am thinking of something like:
If an homotopy theory is "regular...." (whatever that may mean, fill the dots, the "regular" would stand for combinatorial in essence), then it is representable in the homotopy theory of simplicial objects for some ambient category.
Am I dreaming or there is something along these lines?


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Also known as: Ro 31-8959, saquinavir mesylate, SQV
Background and Description
This drug is a protease inhibitor manufactured by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. and distributed by Roche Laboratories Inc. The US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved it in its first formulation (the hard-gel formulation Invirase) for use in combination with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in December 1995. Invirase was the first FDA-approved protease inhibitor. Subsequently, the FDA approved a new soft-gel formulation (Fortovase) in November 1997.
The maker of this drug has recently announced that the Fortovase (soft-gel) formulation will no longer be available after 2005. The preferred way to administer this drug is as Norvir-boosted Invirase (see below).
The soft-gel Fortovase is dosed at 1200 mg (six 200 mg capsules) 3 times a day. The hard-gel Invirase is only recommended when combined with Norvir. As of December 2003, the approved dosing with Norvir is 1000 mg of Fortovase or Invirase with 100 mg of Norvir twice a day. The hard-gel formulation achieves higher therapeutic drug levels than the soft-gel formulation when combined with Norvir. In December 2004, the FDA approved a new 500-mg tablet formulation of Invirase.
Food Restrictions
Soft-gel Fortovase should be taken with a meal or up to 2 hours after a meal. Combining Fortovase or Invirase with Norvir eliminates the food effect.
Fortovase soft-gel capsules should be refrigerated at 36° to 46°F in tightly closed bottles until dispensed. Refrigerated capsules remain stable until the expiration date printed on the label. Once brought to room temperature capsules should be used within 3 months. The invirase hard-gel capsules may be stored at room temperature.
Patient Assistance
Roche offers a patient assistance program for those who qualify. For more information call 800.282.7780.
Side Effects and Toxicity
The most common side effects seen with Fortovase/Invirase are gastrointestinal disturbances including nausea, bloating, and diarrhea. Elevated liver function has been noted as well. Metabolic (lipid and glucose) and morphologic (fat accumulation and fat atrophy) abnormalities have been associated with protease inhibitors in general.
Drug Interactions
Fortovase/Invirase should not be taken with the following: Propulsid (cisapride), Halcion (triazolam), Versed (midazolam), ergot derivatives such as Wigraine and Cafergot, Zocor (simvastatin), Mevacor (lovastatin), Rifadin or Rimactane (rifampin), Mycobutin (rifabutin), Sustiva, and Crixivan. The use of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is not recommended while taking either Fortovase or Invirase.
Lipid-lowering drugs such as Lipitor (atorvastatin), Pravachol (pravastatin), or Lescol (fluvastatin) should be used with caution when combined with Fortovase/Invirase. Dose reductions of Viagra (sildenafil), Cialis (tadalafil), and Levitra (vardenafil) are recommended when taken with Fortovase/Invirase. When combining Fortovase with Viracept consideration should be given to dosing 750 mg Viracept with 800 mg of Fortovase 3 times a day. Rescriptor increases the levels of Fortovase with a mild decrease in Rescriptor levels. An increase in liver toxicities has been observed with this combination and patients with hepatitis B or C should be monitored carefully, especially during the first 6 weeks of administration. Norvir increases the levels of Fortovase by 3 fold or higher.
Additional Information
Resistance and Cross-Resistance
Resistance to Invirase has been generally associated with mutations at positions 48 and 90. Resistance and treatment failure with Fortovase has been generally associated with mutations at positions 48, 54, and 82. In addition, a mutation at position 90 can occur with Fortovase. Resistance to Invirase or Fortovase results in potential cross-resistance to other protease inhibitors.
Clinical Data
Early trials studied saquinavir as monotherapy, in combination with Retrovir and Hivid and in high doses. All of these trials produced small virologic benefits. Invirase received approval on the basis of ACTG 229, a study comparing the combination of Invirase and Hivid versus monotherapy of either, in Retrovir-experienced patients. FDA approval was based on surrogate marker data, but longer-term follow-up confirmed the clinical benefit of Invirase.
Subsequent studies found Fortovase to have an 8 fold greater increase in drug exposure than Invirase. In a study comparing Fortovase/NRTIs versus Invirase/NRTIs, on-treatment analysis showed that at 16 weeks 67% of patients in the Fortovase arm compared to 37% of patients in the Invirase arm had viral load levels below 400 copies/mL. The mean viral load decreases were 2.0 log in the Fortovase group as compared to 1.6 log in the Invirase group.


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WATCH: Air Canada's Boeing 787 Dreamliner touches down at Pearson Airport and receives a water cannon salute.
TORONTO – Air Canada is showing off the newest addition to its fleet this week.
The airline's first Boeing 787 Dreamliner completed its first flight on Sunday landing at Toronto's Pearson airport.
The flight was carrying 100 of the airline's employees and was given a water cannon salute as it taxied to the terminal.
It is also giving the media tours of the jet later this week.
Air Canada has ordered 37 of the new passenger jets.
Boeing has had to sort out some teething troubles with the 787.
A fire on one of the jets parked in Boston last year forced a redesign of the 787's batteries.
And in February, an Air India Dreamliner had to make an emergency landing due to a software malfunction.
A joint report from Boeing and the U.S. government concluded the 787 was soundly designed and met its intended safety level.


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Florida data center loses its cool
Faulty chiller knocked nerve center offline
A Florida data center serving the state's main website and 4,500 government employees has been restored after a failed air-conditioning chiller took down the system.
The crisis began on Monday evening when workers discovered a leak in the massive chiller that cools the $30m, 1,200-server data center in Tallahassee. Administrators with the state's Department of Management Services decided to power down the network out of concern it would overheat, according to IDG News.
During the outage, Florida Governor Charlie Crist - perhaps trying to outdo Alaska Senator Ted Stevens's comparison of the internet to a "series of tubes" - told the Tallahassee Democrat: "Some of the Internet that the state uses is having problems."
The data center went back online about nine hours after it went down, thanks to two 400-ton backup chillers that were delivered to the state's capital. They weren't enough to deliver air-conditioning to employees, so they were given the day off. A permanent, 2,000-ton capacity chiller was delivered, thanks to two 18-wheel trucks and a police escort. ®
Sponsored: Detecting cyber attacks as a small to medium business


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Willam van Weelden (Oct 29, 2012)
Set scripts to run automatically whenever a certain event occurs to make the most out of RoboHelp automation.
Willam van Weelden (Oct 28, 2012)
Get an introduction to RoboHelp Object Model, which is the way to access all the resources in your project.
Neil Perlin (Oct 08, 2012)
Learn what technical communicators need to consider when outputting help content for mobile devices.
Mark Whisler (May 23, 2011)
Learn how to add source control, integration, and project tracking to your RoboHelp projects.
Peter Grainge (May 09, 2011)
Take a close look at how you generate AIR Help output from RoboHelp.
Aditi Roongta (Apr 18, 2011)
Learn how RoboHelp 9 integrates seamlessly with TFS to manage source control, data collection, reporting, and project tracking in your projects.
Mak Pandit (Mar 28, 2011)
See how tech pub depts. are using RoboHelp server to stay ahead of the competition and enabling information collection and publication.
Neil Perlin (Mar 14, 2011)
Get an overview of a specific mobile standard called ePub, RoboHelp's support for ePub, and some best practices.
Aditi Roongta (Mar 14, 2011)
Learn how to use the PushOk SVN SCC plug-in with RoboHelp to add version control to your projects.
Adobe (Feb 28, 2011)
Discover the sample projects installed with Adobe RoboHelp 9 and see how they showcase new features of the application and demonstrate best authoring practices.
Adobe (Feb 28, 2011)
Download a sample project in your My RoboHelp Projects folder and open it from the Starter page. You can explore how various RoboHelp features and best practices are used in the project.
Peter Grainge (Mar 29, 2009)
Adobe community expert Peter Grainge walks you through a simple process for creating merged help with RoboHelp 8.
Ben Minson (Feb 23, 2009)
Learn best practices for managing the process of creatng localized help in multiple languages.
David Locke (Feb 11, 2008)
Learn how to use snippets in RoboHelp 7 to save time and facilitate last-minute changes.
Craig Clarke (Jan 28, 2008)
In this updated article for RoboHelp 7, use the RoboHelp interface to set up unique variables for different single-source layouts and globally replace common terms.
Matthew Ellison (Oct 22, 2007)
Learn how to maintain version control in your RoboHelp projects.
Adobe (May 25, 2011)
For more articles and tutorials on using RoboHelp, visit the RoboHelp article archive.


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A new report from the American Cancer Society and other world-leading health groups identifies gaps in research for 20 suspected carcinogens whose potential to cause cancer is as yet unresolved. The report is designed to prioritize agents for additional research, and to lead to well-planned epidemiologic or mechanistic studies leading to more definitive classification of these agents.
The report, "Identification of research needs to resolve the carcinogenicity of high-priority IARC carcinogens," is a concerted effort to identify ways to close existing gaps in knowledge for particular agents classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) by identifying information needs and the research to address them for 20 selected agents. The agents are generally in IARC Groups 2A, 2B, and 3. The project originated as part of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) to enhance occupational cancer research, and involved collaboration with IARC, the American Cancer Society, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The effort was co-sponsored by the American Cancer Society. The agents prioritized as needing additional study are:
* Lead and lead compounds
* Indium phosphide
* Cobalt with tungsten carbide
* Titanium dioxide
* Welding fumes
* Refractory ceramic fibers
* Diesel exhaust
* Carbon black
* Styrene-7,8-oxide and styrene
* Propylene oxide
* Formaldehyde
* Acetaldehyde
* Dichloromethane, methylene chloride (DCM)
* Trichloroethylene (TCE)
* Tetrachloroethylene (perc, tetra, PCE)
* Chloroform
* Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
* Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
* Atrazine
* Shift work
"There is significant concern among the public about substances or exposures in the environment that may cause cancer, and there are some common occupational agents and exposure circumstances where evidence of carcinogenicity is substantial but not yet conclusive for humans," said Elizabeth Ward, Ph. D., vice president, Surveillance and Health Policy Research at the American Cancer Society and lead author of the report.. "The objectives of this report are to identify research gaps and needs for 20 agents prioritized for review based on evidence of widespread human exposures and potential carcinogenicity in animals or humans." Dr. Ward, one of the organizers of the meeting and lead author of a version of the report that appears in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives, added that the report highlights the importance of research in occupational settings for the identification of human carcinogens as well as the need for funding and access to populations for this work to continue.
The full report can be viewed at:
Article: Ward EM, Schulte PA, Straif K, Hopf NB, Caldwell JC, et al. 2010 Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents. Environ Health Perspect doi:10.1289/ehp.0901828
About the American Cancer Society
The American Cancer Society combines an unyielding passion with nearly a century of experience to save lives and end suffering from cancer. As a global grassroots force of more than three million volunteers, we fight for every birthday threatened by every cancer in every community. We save lives by helping people stay well by preventing cancer or detecting it early; helping people get well by being there for them during and after a cancer diagnosis; by finding cures through investment in groundbreaking discovery; and by fighting back by rallying lawmakers to pass laws to defeat cancer and by rallying communities worldwide to join the fight. As the nation's largest non-governmental investor in cancer research, contributing about $3.4 billion, we turn what we know about cancer into what we do. As a result, more than 11 million people in America who have had cancer and countless more who have avoided it will be celebrating birthdays this year. To learn more about us or to get help, call us any time, day or night, at 1-800-227-2345 or visit cancer.org.
Friday, July 23, 2010
Carcinogen Research
Posted by Richard Lawry at 7:24 PM 0 comments
Thursday, July 22, 2010
Sonja Bowling
The American Cancer Society is saving lives and creating a world with more birthdays. We have been a leader in the fight against cancer since 1913, and we've made great progress thanks to the generous support of donors like you. Cancer deaths continue to decline, due in large part to advances in research and increased awareness and usage of life-saving cancer screenings like mammograms and colonoscopies.
Despite this progress, more than 1.5 million people in the United States will be diagnosed with cancer this year, and the needs of cancer patients are on the rise. Requests for patient support services have increased: services like transportation to cancer treatment and lodging near cancer treatment centers are needed now more than ever.
Sonja Bowling is one of those patients. When she was diagnosed with breast cancer, she faced not only a cancer diagnosis, but a 3-hour commute to treatment in Lexington, Kentucky. At first, she stayed in a hotel near the treatment center, but then she reached out to the American Cancer Society for help and learned about our Hope Lodge in Lexington. "It is so expensive going through cancer. It is wonderful to be able to stay here and not have to worry about lodging expenses," Bowling says. Hope Lodge is just one of the ways the American Cancer Society provides help and hope to cancer patients.
Sonja needed our help, and the American Cancer Society was there for her. With your help, we can continue these services in communities across the Mid-South.
Posted by Richard Lawry at 10:24 AM 0 comments


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Since 1978, the Ball & Skein & More has been serving the fiber community with an amazing variety of the most unique fibers from around the world. Located near Paso Robles and San Luis Obispo in the picturesque town of Cambria just 6 miles from Hearst Castle on California's Central Coast where the weather is almost always perfect.
We carry items from over 90 different vendors, including the largest supply of Manos del Uruguay yarns available anywhere! We also stock Berroco, Prism, Noro, Mountain Colors, Mrs Crosby, Trendsetter, Cardiff Cashmere, and many, many others. Come visit us in Cambria, shop on line, or call us to order. We charge a flat fee of only $7 for all orders, free shipping if your purchases are over $75! Not everything is on line, so if you don't see what you're looking for, give us a call or contact us, it's probably here or we can get it for you!
Our phone is 805-927-3280.
Or drop us an email at info at cambriayarn.com
The shop is open 7 days a week from 10 – 5. Find us in Cambria's Historic East Village!
We're closed on Thanksgiving and Christmas.
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Please sign up for our secure, fun-filled newsletter at the link to the right. We send it out every couple of weeks and it contains updates from the store, knitting and crochet tips, often free patterns, and special event notices!
Join us every Friday and Sunday from 10:30 AM to 4:00 PM for Stitching in your Slippers! Free open stitching time hosted by the Ball & Skein & More!


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(WEAU)- A medical mission trip that was planned to Haiti has been cancelled.
Marshfield Clinic had planned to travel to Haiti. The clinic says it's cancelling the trip because of unforeseen circumstances that arose in recent days including safety concerns linked to recent kidnappings, killings and unrest.
Medical missions to the impoverished Caribbean nation of Haiti have become an annual tradition for a growing number of Marshfield Clinic providers.
According to a previous news release, a record number of employees, including seven physicians, were to take part in this year's trip. The Marshfield Clinic contingent was going to travel to Haiti from Feb. 6-13.


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By building high or low tunnels, you can extend the gardening season throughout the fall and begin spring planting earlier. Here's how.
These raised beds are covered with low tunnels constructed with plastic hoops. Netting stretched over the hoops protects the vegetables from deer and birds.
My vegetable garden is a place of exercise and relaxation, but my ultimategoal is to grow food. Unfortunately, inclement weather, spring and fall frosts, insects, bird pests and deer reduce my garden's productivity. Through the use of inexpensive and easily-built high and low tunnels, I can address these challenges that face all vegetable gardeners in the Midwest.
What is a tunnel? Basically, a support system, anchored to the ground, that holds a protective covering above the vegetables. High tunnels are often a semi-permanent part of the garden, covering a larger area and allowing the gardener to work within the tunnel. Low tunnels generally cover a single row or bed, and are easily placed and removed as needed.
The design of the support system for a high or low tunnel is determined by cost, application, and the ingenuity ofthe gardener. With high tunnels, especially those that are permanent and must stand up to wind and snow load, supports should be strong and durable. Welded wire fencing panels, commonly 50 inches by 16 feet, can be bent into a support shape. Plastic PVC pipe, generally 1-1½-inches in diameter, can make effective bows. Durable high tunnels can be built using metal pipe, such as the top rail from chain link fence, bent to the proper shape. Low tunnels are supported by a wide range of materials, including light metal pipe bent to shape, heavy wire hoops and plastic pipe.
Permanent and semi-permanent tunnels are often anchored to the ground using baseboards of a rot-resistant wood. The baseboards are attached to metal stakes or anchors that are driven into the soil. Metal or PVC high tunnel hoops can be set inside larger diameter pieces of pipe that are driven into the soil, or set in concrete. The metal or wire hoops for low tunnels are generally pressed into the soil. Tunnels can be further stabilized with ropes stretched over the tunnel and attached to stakes driven in the soil or hooks on the baseboard.
Protective Coverings
A wide range of protective coverings are available; choose the covering that meets the need. Greenhouse-grade 4-mil polyethylene plastic film will give several years of use for tunnels intended to extend the gardening season. Heavyweight spunbonded row cover will provide similar cold weather protection, particularly when several layers are placed over a high or low tunnel. Lightweight row cover or fine netting provides protection from insects. Larger mesh netting excludes birds and deer.
A word about ventilation with plastic film-covered tunnels — the temperature inside a sealed tunnel warms rapidly on sunny days to a point thatplants are damaged, and ventilation is needed to remove this heat. Ventilation is provided by sides that roll up or down, as well as ends that open. What this means, of course, is maintenance — the gardener opens and closes the tunnel to provide needed ventilation. Ventilation is usually not as much of a concern with row covers, which allow excess heat to escape through the fabric.
Two Designs: High and Low
I'd like to discuss two easily constructed tunnel designs.
The first is a high tunnel that uses fence panels for support. A baseboard frame is built of 2-by-6-inch lumber, 8 feet wide and 21 feet long, attached on the outside face to metal stakes driven into the soil. Fencing panels are bent into a "U" shape and placed inside the frame. The fence panelsare connected with plastic zip ties, and the ends are attached to the baseboard with a board strip. Five panels are needed for this dimension; larger tunnels are easily constructed using additional panels. The panels were covered with a single layer of plastic film, which is attached to the baseboard with furring strips. The end walls were constructed of plywood, with a ventilated door that is opened when needed. The high tunnel has about 6½ feet of headroom and plenty of growing space.
The second design is a semi-permanent low tunnel, which uses ¾-inch metal pipe that is 10 feet long for support. The pipe is bent into the desired hoop shape using a template, allowing for coverage over a 4-foot-wide bed. The hoops are placed 3 feet apart over the bed, pressed into the soil, and connected with a purlin, using duct tape. A 2-by-4-inch baseboard is attached at ground level along the upwind side of the hoops, using a screw through each hoop. A wiggle wire channel is attached along the upper face of the baseboard, and the covering is attached with the wiggle wire. The covering is stretched over the hoops, and secured on the other side with sand bags. The covering ends are bundled together, tied, and secured to a stake driven into the ground. This tunnel is intended to provide for winter vegetable production and for protection from insect pests during the remainder of the growing season.
Low Tunnel Construction
A low tunnel is easily constructed using metal bows bent to the proper shape.
Pressed into the soil over the bed and stabilized with a purlin.
Connected with a baseboard that also serves to anchor one side of the covering with wiggle wire.
And a covering secured with sand bags.
A version of this article appeared in a September/October 2015 print edition of State-by-State Gardening.
Photography courtesy of Patrick Byers.


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|baldwin the merciful
This is the discussion thread for the Council of Thieves AP. Feel free post and ask quesitions here.
I would ask that you move the previously answered DM quesion under your profile for easy access.
Everyone check in if you are still interested.
I anticipate getting the gamethread up and running in the next day.
|John Deos
|baldwin the merciful
So far we have:
NeoSeraphi "Shinon" - Male, H/E, Urban Ranger, NG
Kenji Masadi - Male, Human, Martial Artist, NG
Duncan Redhammer - Male, Dwarf, Inquistor, N
Mad Doc -Female, Human, Cleric of Urgathoa, N
John Deos - Male, Human, fighter, LN
Cagliostro "Kyrim Dys" - Male, Elf, Rogue, N
|baldwin the merciful
|baldwin the merciful
I'm going to repost the creation rules under this discussion for future reference, since I did not create the original Recruitement thread.
A few basic rules, if I GM:
20 Pt buy
No score below an 8 before racial adjustment.
Average coin
Download the Free PG
2 traits, (1 must be a campaign trait)
No third party material
No Alchemist, Gunslinger or Summoner
Core races only, no thiefling characters.
4 people (5 if there is no posting issues)
Minimum 3-5 posting a day.
No evil
I'm sure I would have few other rules but I'd need to think about it.
|baldwin the merciful
I'm going to try to get the gameplay up later tonight but realistically sometime tomorrow.
Everyone confirmed they can be active posters, 3-5 times a day, which is great. I do understand life happens and we other committments and posting can be hard. If you know posting could be slow try to let us know, so we work around it.
I've asked all six recruits to come join the group, hope that is not an issue with anyone. Hope it does not slow things down, but there does tend to be some attrition in these PbP games.
Welcome aboard...may the shadows of the night not devour your soul.
|baldwin the merciful
"Before the Age of Lost Omens, Westcrown dubbed itself "the shining light of Aroden's civilization."
Now, others taunt us and say, "You can find anything, civilized or not, in Westcrown—except for
Aroden." Ignore outsiders—we know the truth. We did not fail Aroden—he failed us, though we
Wiscrani held the faith! We embraced that adversity and replaced his betrayal with strength and
order. The Hellknights paved our way and House Thrune walked it to greatness. I don't blame them at
all for moving the capital—this place only reminds you of past failures. Besides, better for a Wiscrani
to make a living without so many priests or imperials around, and easier for those of us who deserve
it to ascend to higher stations without them in our way."
—Alcini Vitaron of Alcini's Apothecary
|Kenji Masada
|baldwin the merciful
Excellent we have three of the six test subjects ready, willing and able to test the darker side of Westcrown.
This should be the link back to the original Recruitment thread:
|baldwin the merciful
House Rules:
HPs when leveling up:
Roll the dice, reroll 1's
Place your initiative modifier in character class/level line.
When combat arises I will roll everyone's initiative and post the rolls. This should speed up the pace of the Order and play.
I won't roll saves for everyone, unless play bogs down. We will play that by ear and see how it goes.
Everyone should post two actions, their first choice and an alternative choice, to help speed up combat. Obviously, we all will not be posting in order.
I'll run it free form rather than maptools (I just don't know how to use mapping tools. If someone posts a quick tutorial...I mean a dummies guide to using, I will be happy to reconsider.)
Let's use the standard PBP formatting
italics for internal monologue/thoughts
Bold for speech out loud
Out of character for out of character comments or questions
If anyone doesn't know how, look at the bottom of the page under the submit post button and forum rules blurb, there is a thing that says "How to format your text (show)" Just follow that.
Also, if you want to make a roll and then react to it in the same post, put the formatting in for the dice and then hit preview. It will show you the results of your roll before you post.
Does anyone have any other suggestions or ideas? Anything they have experienced either positively or negatively with PbP?
|John Deos
Just a quick thing for those who don't know how to make an alias, you go to "my account" at the top of the page. Go to the box title message board alias, then click create new messegeboard alias. This way you can keep your profile for other things than just that character, and allows you to be in more than one pbp game.
As for the map, you only need Google docs and some picture editing tool and a digital copy of the map you are using.
|baldwin the merciful
|baldwin the merciful
Here is some common phases you should hear:
Natives of Westcrown—along with several other major
Chelish cities—possess a wide vocabulary referring to titles, places, and specifics relating to their home.
Adel: A small, personal barge
Dottari: The Chelish city guard
Durotas: A captain of the city guard
Duxotar: The commander of the city guard
Haloran: A lantern-bearing staff
Pyrahje: Man-sized torches that light major areas of Westcrown by night
Parego: "Great region," one of the three major districts of Westcrown
Rego: A region or neighborhood of Westcrown
Vaneo: A Chelish manor house
Vira: A Chelish estate
Wiscrani: A resident or something from Westcrown
|Duncan Redhammer
|baldwin the merciful
|baldwin the merciful
I've opened the gameplay thread and have begun to post some background story for everyone. I plan to post a quick one-on-one meeting with Janiven for each character, tomorrow. This will be your character's invite to a special meeting.
I know everyone has put some background together and I do appreciate that, the more information that I have, the more personal experience I will endeavor to make for your character.
Has anyone ever played this AP? It doesn't matter if you have or not, I will add my own flavor and touches.
Welcome to the campaign.
|baldwin the merciful
|baldwin the merciful
First Pathfinder game ever.
Good luck. I hope you have fun. In my first PF game, I played a Half-Elf Summoner (it was a one-shot). It was a lot of fun for me, and I've been playing PF ever since.
|baldwin the merciful
|baldwin the merciful
|Duncan Redhammer
Never Played the AP before.
I live in Qld Australia, so GMT+10 timezone.
Don't worry. I have my Nexus Glued to me and I work altermate Day/Nightshift.
I check back like 10 times a day.
|Kenji Masada
I have not played this AP. I keep joining games that die out in a matter of weeks. Highest level I have commonly obtain was 2. I have a goblin in a homebrew Goblin only campaign at level Seven but thats mostly combat. I crave More RP.
Also, I can post from my phone as long as I am not actively working, sleeping, or at my live game night which is Sundays. MY working gaps are two hours apart. It is possible for me to post in between those. Here's to a good game, cheers.
|baldwin the merciful
|baldwin the merciful
This AP assumes everyone is either from Westcrown -(which I'm sure I will call Westport a few times, so I apologize ahead of time for those typos)- or they have been their long enugh to be familar with the city's workings. That being said, I will impart descriptions for the city throughout the game.
A lot of this will be common knowledge, I will tell when it is not and have you roll the appropriate Knowledge role. Obviously, Knowledge Local and Nobility are useful skills.
|baldwin the merciful
|STR Ranger
|baldwin the merciful
|Kenji Masada
I have never been part of a campaign that posts quite this much. Pace is okay just try not to leave anyone behind. Popping on after two hours for 15 minutes and all I can do is read. Barely able to get my posts in.
It will be tricky but I'll try and keep up. Just don't be surprised if I miss stuff due to rush reading.
|baldwin the merciful
|baldwin the merciful
Height? Certainly.
And I was so confused about STR Ranger for a second. I was concerned that we had two rangers in the same group!
Anyway, I get back and see a whole 16 posts waiting for me! This is pretty exciting. The pace is good, and I'm sorry that I missed out on so much of it. But I'm back for the night, and now I'm going to make up for lost time.
|baldwin the merciful
Shinon, don't worry about missing the posting right, I really want to draw everyone into the scene and begin to feel urgency of the scene. Plus, there is the background information folks will know. So far, everyone is doing fine. The pace will slow down, eventually.
Don't forget to include a good description of your footwear, length of your cloak or robe.
|Kenji Masada
Height Posted.
I can say with certainty that I prefer this pace over the crawl that most campaigns seem to end up with Truly I can check on campaigns I am a player in all the time but none of them ever move. Nice to have a fast moving campaign for once.
|baldwin the merciful
|baldwin the merciful
|baldwin the merciful


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As a parent, you may worry whether your squirrelly, irresponsible child will become a successful adult one day. Can a child be successful as an adult if he never changes from a child into what society perceives as an adult?
I watched a movie a long time ago that touched on this very issue. It was called "Big" starring Tom Hanks as a 13-year old boy who made a wish to be grown up.
Well, he got part of his wish. His body aged into an adult's body, but he was still a 13-year old boy, mentally.
When I was 13, I always thought about being an adult, but like Josh, Tom Hank's character, I glamorized it. I wanted what would be added to my life as an adult, but I didn't realize that climbing trees wouldn't be part my life plan from then on. Or that walking around barefoot or locking myself in my bedroom would not be an option anymore.
Imagine being in a board meeting and suddenly standing up and announcing, "You cheat! I'm never playing with you again!" Adults have different ways of handling those who "cheat." We're much more subtle.
Of course, if you were an adult who still had the faculties of a 13-year old, you could tolerate the highly annoying repetitious sounds kids make for absolutely no other reason other than to her an adult scream.
We may never know how long the insanity would go on if there were not an adult present to stop them.
If I still had the faculties of a 13-year old, I could memorize a list of things and still remember them an hour later. I might have retained that spur-of-the-moment enthusiasm that my kids have. If I did, I wouldn't have that deer-in-the-headlights look when one of them suggested, "Let's make soap today, Mom!"
"You mean actually MAKE soap? Wouldn't hopping into a bubble bath be more fun?"
I might be able to feel the same excitement my daughter feels when she says, "There are 60 kids in my theatre camp, Mom. Can we make cupcakes for everyone?
Instead, since I'm an adult, I think about all the pesky consequences the kids don't bother with. Things like having to buy new measuring cups and a double boiler after the soap wax sticks to the sides. Things like how many hours it will take to bake 60 cupcakes with one cupcake pan. I think about the clean-up and delivery of 60 cupcakes.
Still, if it wasn't for my kids and their nothing-is-impossible, throw-caution-to-the-wind innocence, life would be pretty boring.
As an adult, I probably wouldn't climb a tree for the fun of it. However, if a kite, plastic rocket, badminton birdie, or kitten was up there, I would attempt to rescue it. I wouldn't want to. I would throw things at it first, but if all else failed, I would climb and then I would be glad I did. There would be that sense of accomplishment I used to feel when I was a kid. I would think, "I haven't done that in thirty years!"
If you asked a 13-year old to clean out the garage, he'd do it. He wouldn't want to. He'd complain and whine at first, but if all else failed, he'd do it and then be glad he did. He'd feel that sense of accomplishment, too.
That 13-year old is still there inside all of us, it's just that the activities that motivate us are a little different. It is unfortunate that, as adults, we know ahead of time the consequences for any sort of enthusiastic project. What we have forgotten, though, was that they are worth it.
Laura Snyder is a nationally syndicated columnist, author & speaker. You can reach Laura at firstname.lastname@example.com Or visit her website www.lauraonlife.com for more info.


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Austin's Residential Permit Parking Program is an initiative designed to give residents a better chance of finding an on-street parking space in their neighborhood.
The purpose of the Residential Permit Parking (RPP) Program is to help ease the impacts to neighborhoods from non-residential parking along streets adjacent to commercial properties. The desired outcome of RPP is to increase the amount of on-street parking available to residents and their guests while balancing the needs of others who desire to park along the street.
Get There from Here
Towards a Best Managed City
Connect With Us


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Flying Iberia: Barcelona-Madrid-Lisbon Trip Report
This is the second part of the ongoing piece about Flying Iberia & experiencing it's lounges in Barcelona and Madrid.
The first part detailed my experience at Iberia's Domestic Business Lounge in Barcelona. In this piece I finally get some flying and report my experience of flying in Business class (my first time ever) with Iberia on two legs, Barcelona – Madrid and then after a layover of almost three hours, Madrid – Lisbon.
Flight 1, IB2713
Barcelona El Prat – Madrid Barajas
Departure – 1850, on-time
Seat – 5F, Business Class
All Iberia domestic flights, flights to Europe, North Africa operate with the same configuration. In Europe, most airlines don't have a separate cabin for business class passengers. Instead, they use a mobile curtain that is moved after each flight in order to separate both according to the number of passengers flying business class in each flight. This allows airlines to be more flexible, since an Economy class seat can be converted into a business class seat just by moving the curtain.
My business class seat was an upgraded economy seat with increased seat pitch (34 inches, instead of 31 in economy) and an empty middle seat for increased comfort.
As I settled into my seat I was offered water and something to munch on, while the cabin was getting ready for our on-time departure to Madrid.
Our departure was smooth, and looking down at Barcelona I saw the beauty of the city once more albeit with an aerial view, bathed in sunshine.
Soon after reaching cruising height, a purser came over and asked for my choice of drink. As this was a short 1-hour flight, and it was early evening, there was no specific meal service. Looking through the magazine I chanced upon Iberia giving out Pizza at 36000 feet to its passengers, which I thought was pretty unique.
I woke up while we were on our landing approach to Madrid Barajas and I never got my drink, and considering we were on approach, I did not bother reminding the crew of their slip-up. Humans tend to forget things and considering it was my first ever outing in semi business class, I was in good enough humour to forgive as well, but Iberia should take note of such slip-ups, which while minor, have large impact on passenger impression when they occur in the premium cabin.
Soon enough the landing gear was down and we landed in Madrid on time. Disembarkation was quick and I was off to explore Madrid's famous wavy terminal and the flagship Iberia lounge.
Flight 2, IB3118
Madrid Barajas – Lisbon Portela International
Departure 2245, on-time
Seat 1A, Business Class
After spending considerable time at Madrid's Terminal 4 & the Iberia Dali Lounge (Schengen area) I proceeded to the gate for the second part of my journey. This was going to be my first ever time sitting in 1A, that magical number in airline seating wanted by enthusiasts, which was automatically allotted to me by Iberia.
I boarded the aircraft to similar seating arrangement, but this time the curtains were drawn further from the second row itself, so there was just two rows of business class seats on this flight, and two out of the eight available seats remained unoccupied. Including the aisle seat in my row.
Flipping through Iberia's magazine, I came across this print ad featuring the Taj Mahal and promoting Incredible India. Bought a big smile to my face. At least MoT babus are working somewhere.
The pre-departure service consisted of a drink and nuts. I chose to go for a tried and tested beer. I was also relieved to see that the cabin crew were well versed in English, just like the last flight.
Service on this flight was better, may be because it was a Schengen flight and I was surprised to find a full-blown dinner served during this short 1-hour hop to Lisbon.
Service in Business class was taken care by the chief purser on both the flights. I finished my dessert but the fish & salad did not appeal to my taste buds.
As soon as I finished dinner we were descending to Lisbon & the beautiful city came in the view with bright lights & hills around it. The landing again was a smooth affair and within five minutes we were at the disembarkation point.
The only negative aspect of this flight was the exit through stairs and buses ferrying passengers to the main terminal. For a full service airline like Iberia, these are inexcusable points, which need to be taken care of in this day and age. Aerobridges are basic hygiene of air travel especially when you're not traveling in a budget airline. I do remember seeing some empty aerobridge gates on our left before we parked at a remote bay.
The level of service on both flights was professional, yet missing that touch of warmth, which as Indians we expect and something which most of the Asian carriers do very well.
Will I fly Iberia again, may be in economy? Yes, if the price is cheaper or at-par with low cost carriers.
The third and the final part of this piece will highlight my report of Iberia's flagship business class lounge at Madrid Airport (for Schengen passengers).
A slightly modified version of this piece is featured on Bangalore Aviation, a leading International website on Aviation.
If you liked this post, why don't you join many other amazing readers who have followed this blog to receive blog posts via email. No spamming guaranteed 🙂


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interesting- when i saw them, they were on static display, much as they appear to be in this picture. beautiful to look at, pehaps potent, but it would indeed be a surpirse since they weren't plugged in.
Musical Fidelity's New Half-Width X-Series
Quietly tucked at the back of the main hall, Musical Fidelity had a lot of new stuff of great audiophile interest. First off is the new "audio Swiss Army Knife," as JA referred to it in his blog yesterday, the all-in-one, $9000 kW250. But among the other goodies on the Signal Path booth was the X-Package, consisting of the neat little X-RAYv8 24/192 upsampling CD player, the X-T100 60Wpc tube hybrid integrated amp, and the Triple-X power supply which powers both as well as an optional external DAC, tuner, etc. In their compact but non-resonant aluminum casings, this $3000 system was surprisingly potent.


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Koppers Live Target Gizzard Shad 3 1/2" 7/8oz Ghost/Green Suspending Crankbait | GZC89M603
Type: Suspend Crankbait
Length: 3 1/2"
Hook: #2
Weight: 7/8oz.
Depth: 9-10'
Color: Ghost/Green
NORTH AMERICA'S HOTTEST NEW lURE is HERE and EVERY MODEl IS IN STOCK!
DON'T MISS OUT! IMPROVE YOUR CATCH-RATIO by 50%, 100%, 150% or EVEN MORE!
PREMIUM DAIICHI HOOKS, SUPER lIFE-lIKE PREMIUM ARMOR ClEAR-COAT FINISH, WEIGHT TRANSFER SYSTEM, RUNS TRUE OUT OF THE BOX, S.S. SPlIT RINGS!
Up until now EVERY fisherman in North America has been using lures that "Match the Hatch" in Europe (Rapala), Japan (Megabass, Jackall, lucky Craft, Yo-Zuri, etc.) or somewhereelsebut just aren't quite accurate as far as North America'sFishermenare concerned. That is Until Now!
Grant Koppers has introduced a Complete line of lIVE TARGET Crankbaits that MATCH the HATCH for North American Fishermen. We have evenincluded a geographic chart that displays the area IN NORTH AMERICA that each lure series/species is designed for. Just click on the picture "ENlARGE" button to see these maps.
QUAlITYIJ Whoa, boy! look out Megabass, lucky Craft, Yo-Zuri, Jackall, and everyone else! These are right up there with Megabass design, finish detail, realism, and running true rightout of the box,but about ONE-HAlF the PRICE! If you buy one you will want to buy all 70! They are that impressive both in your hand as well as in the water!
With the Weight Transfer Syatem you can cast further as weight shifts to the lure tail but still have the most accurate motion upon retrieve as the weight moves forward and locks into the Balance Position generating unbelievably true, Natural action.
|Shop By
|Fishing Rods
|Lure Type
|Crankbaits - Medium


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Matrix Games
Panzer Corps: Afrika Korps expansion trailer shows new units, North African campaign
Matrix Games has released a new trailer for Panzer Corps: Afrika Korps, which gives the viewer a looks at the new units and locations such as Libya and Tunisia. Desert colors for the German Afrika Korps, and its Axis allies, which fought in the North African WWII campaign are also new. Afrika Korps is an […]
Matrix Games headlines
Wednesday Shorts: LOTRO, PS Home, EVE, Sideway New York, Panzer Corps
Goodies galore in shorts today, starting with an instance finder coming to Lord of the Rings Online, King of Fighters XIII DLC, Amazon sales, an indie game coming to Steam, and some interesting news out of Japan. Go ahead and hit the break.
Supernova expansion for Armada 2526 expected this spring
Matrix Games has announced it will release an expansion for release Ntronium Games' Armada 2526, called Supernova. Iceberg Interactive will publish it in Europe.
Indie and other games of interest: Gray Matter, Great Battles, free stuff
This week in indie and other games of interest, we have an update on Gray Matter, some free-to-play titles, and a couple demos for you to try out. Also of note: Iceberg Interactive's announced the release of the bundle British Horror Pack consisting of Dark Fall: The Journal Classic Edition, Dark Fall: Lights Out The […]
Matrix Games latest


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Freshmen Connect For Game-Winner over Purchase
Farmingdale State - 2, Purchase - 1
Purchase, N.Y. - Freshman midfielder Brittany Williams (Massapequa, N.Y./Massapequa) connected on a pass from freshman forward Katrina Cerverizzo (Center Moriches, N.Y./Center Moriches) in the 54th minute of play for the 2-1 game-winner over Purchase in today's Skyline Conference women's soccer game.
The scoring began just eight minutes into the game when junior midfielder Tricia Pickford (Massapequa, N.Y./Massapequa) sent in a corner kick for the shot and goal by junior forward Jennifer Jung (Tucson, Ariz./Herricks), Rams go up 1-0. But Purchase responded just six minutes later to tie the game at 1-1 and the game would be scoreless until the Williams-Cerverizzo game-winner in the second half.
Farmingdale State's freshman goalkeeper Amanda Maass (Mastic Beach, N.Y./William Floyd) made five saves for the win.
The Rams will now face Maritime College on Wednesday, October 15th at 4:00 p.m.


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SRD:Screaming Bolt
From Dungeons and Dragons Wiki
|This material is published under the OGL
Screaming Bolt: One of these +2 bolts screams when fired, forcing all enemies of the wielder within 20 feet of the path of the bolt to succeed on a DC 14 Will save or become shaken. This is a mind-affecting fear effect.
Faint enchantment; CL 5th; Craft Magical Arms and Armor, doom; Price 267gp; Cost 128 gp and 5 sp + 10 XP.
Back to Main Page → System Reference Document → Magic Items


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Tourism Victoria Play Hide And Seek With Run Rabbit Run
Tourism Victoria promoted the Yarra Valley in 2004 with a catchy television advertisement, "Hide And Seek" using the song, "Run Rabbit Run". The ad has been brought out of storage to be played during the Commonwealth Games being held in Melbourne.
A young holidaying couple hear a knock on their door. It's their host coming with the suitcases in preparation for their imminent departure. But they're not ready to go. They must hide before he finds them. As they search for places to hide they discover other couples playing the same game. They run out of the building, past cars, through lavender, past hay bales, through a vineyard and into a wine cellar. The host pursues with obvious delight. The ad finishes with an invitation to visit Victoria. The web site: www.visitvictoria.com
The Tourism Victoria campaign was created by Publicis Mojo Melbourne, with creative director Darren Spiller, copywriter Steve Jackson, art director Christy Peacock, and agency producer Corey Esse.
Filming was done in Yarra Valley by the Revolver Film team including director Steve Rogers, producer Michael Ritchie, and director of photography Mandy Walker.
Editor was Bernard Garry at Karl Marks, now at The Editors.
Post production was done at Iloura.
Run Rabbit Run
Music was mixed at Gusto Music. 'Run Rabbit Run', used in the soundtrack, was sung by duo Flanagan & Allen (Bud Flanagan and Chesney Allen), who became popular for their comedic work in Britain during World War II.
The words and music for 'Run Rabbit Run' were written by Noel Gay & Ralph Butler for Noel's show, "The Little Dog Laughed". Flanagan and Allen made the song popular by adding lyrics referring to Adolf Hitler.
On the farm, every Friday
On the farm, its rabbit pie day.
So, every Friday that ever comes along,
I get up early and sing this little song:
Run rabbit – run rabbit – Run! Run! Run!
Run rabbit – run rabbit – Run! Run! Run!
Bang! Bang! Bang! Bang!
Goes the farmer's gun.
Run, rabbit, run, rabbit, run.
Run rabbit – run rabbit – Run! Run! Run!
Don't give the farmer his fun! Fun! Fun!
He'll get by without his rabbit pie
So run rabbit – run rabbit – Run! Run! Run!
Run, run rabbit run
Dig that hole, forget the sun,
And when at last the work is done
Don't sit down it's time to start another one
For long you live and high you fly
But only if you ride the tide
And balanced on the biggest wave
You race toward an early grave.
Purchase the Best of Flanagan and Allen from Amazon.com.
Run Rabbit Run – Flanagan & Allen on iTunes
The actor playing the host/farmer is Rod Mullinar. Rod moved to Australia after a career in England. He has appeared in feature films Curse of the Tailsman, Dead Calm and Breaker Morant. His television work has included The Sullivans, Cop Shop, Homicide, The Flying Doctors, Hallifax, All Saints and Stingers.
The ad won five awards at Melbourne Art Directors Club 2004 , for best soundtrack, best 45 second + television commercial, best cinema commercial, best in show, best client.
Filed under: Commercials, Tourism Victoria
Tagged: Bernard Garry, Christy Peacock, Corey Esse, Darren Spiller, Iloura, Karl Marks, Mandy Walker, Publicis, Publicis Mojo, Revolver, Steve Jackson, Steve Rogers
Location: Australia