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European contact with Ambergris Caye settlers is documented from 1508. At that time, the area was populated by the Maya. An incredible people, the Maya lived throughout Central America, flourishing from 250 A.D. to 900. Many Maya settlements were still
thriving when contact with europeans was made.
The Mayan civilization flourished in Central America from about 2000 B.C. to about 1000 A.D. These short, muscular built, red-skinned Indians built great temples, made astonishing artifacts, tools and pottery, carved their history on slabs of stelae and made scholastic achievements that forever changed the world. They were great astronomers, created an efficient calendar, derived their own writing system and developed ingenious mathematical concepts including the concept of 0.
Among their greatest achievements was that they managed to devise a fantastic trade route throughout Central America from Mexico to as far off as Roatan Island, Honduras. It is believed that the first Mayan setters that occupied Ambergris Caye totaled 10,000, inhabited almost every part of the island and initially set up fishing villages. As their settlements progressed they converted their settlements into trading centers.
To better accommodate their trading, it is believed that the Mayans dug a narrow channel, less than a mile long and no wider than a few feet, at the northern most tip of the Caye. Actually, Ambergris Caye is not really a caye but rather the end of the Yucatan Peninsula. The channel separates Ambergris Caye from Mexico and allowed the Mayans to cut their travel time considerably, since they no longer had to travel all the way around the island to get to northern mainland Belize and Chetumal Bay. Today the channel is called Bacalar Chico and is a marine reserve.
Very scientifically advanced, the Maya had a system of mathematics more advanced
than Europe. They had a detailed written language, and as farmers, they raised corn along with tobacco, cacao, cotton, and other vegetables.
The Maya had this really great system, the village, the Acolde, the Village
common land where the Acolde (mayor) gave permission for each villager (and
where) to make milpa.
The Spanish were astounded by the "easy" life the Maya had. In six months of
work they could grow enough food to feed themselves with enough left over
for trade for other necessities. The other six months of the year was
available for any pursuit they wished. They did have 22 major fiestas per year!!
There are numerous ruins on the island, though not of the large-temple type that you see on the mainland. The locals islanders were fisherman, and their
camps when discovered are lower to the ground, with pockets of conch shells and pottery pieces. Tending to be marked by black or dark colored dirt, sites such as the one at Tres Cocos are just beginning to be fully explored. For a text-only description of Maya life on Ambergris Caye, click here.
The Mayans continued to thrive until about 1000 A.D. when they declined and left the island unoccupied until the coming of a new people who would contribute monumentally to the history of the Island.
In 1850, the very first document was signed and sent to Belize City by residents of the island asking that Cristiano Novelo (great great ... uncle of Mito Paz) be named head of the alcalde – the government system used for small villages. The village was officially called San Pedro in the document.
In 1866 Robert Humes purchased the land from Golf and Welsh. Humes later sold the land to James Mercier Putman, William Standernwick Cary and Justavo Von Ohlafen. The three men later mortgaged the land to a Mr. Antonio Mathe for $9,000.00. Mathe later died bankrupt and the bank ordered the Caye to be auctioned. On September 13th, 1869 Mr. James Humes Blake purchased the Caye for $625.00. Mr. Blake at the time was a Magistrate in Corozal, northern Belize. The island was passed down to members of the Parham and Alamilla families who married into the Blake family.
The Blake family (a family of British descent but living on the mainland of then British Honduras) were land owners and business people. They were in the logwood business – a tree that was logged heavily in Belize and used for die. When there was a substitute found for the dye, they moved into the chicle business. Trees (the sapodilla) used for extracting rubbery material used for bubble gum.
In the 1870s, the Blake family bought Ambergris Caye and started a coconut business. Mr Blake and his wife from the Alamilla family moved to San Pedro to run that venture.
For years, the island was all about coconuts. And the land owners were the Blakes, the Alamillas and later the Parhams. Laborers grew, husked and dried coconuts (called copra) for shipment to the United States.
Throughout the next 50 years, settlers developed the island's fishing industry, planted and harvested coconut plantations and contributed to the islands distinct beauty and history.
The economic base of the island has switched between fishing, logwood, chicle, coconuts, lobster, and tourism.
The indentured system continued to flourish, as many of the cocals, or work areas, were too far away for
workers to get home at night. Thus the bosses built sheds for the workers, and charged them to live there, for food and provisions, and the same old story was repeated.
Since the Blakes and the Alamillas owned the entire island, they were able to prevent any competing businesses on the island. Their ownership of most
of the boats travelling to and fro the island completed their hegemony of the island's trade.
Workers were paid very poorly in the early 1900's, around $12 a month plus a few rations. The coconut farms were heavily hit and eventually destroyed by a series of hurricanes between 1942 and 1955. In 1942 a hurricane made a direct hit on Caye Caulker in November. It is estimated to have hit with winds at 110 mph but as Wikipedia says that may be a conservative estimate. It left only 7 buildings remains in San Pedro, destroyed the northern settlement (the village that was north of Rocky Point) and all of the coconut trees.
The attack at Pearl Harbor had happened less than a year before and World War Two was raging across the globe. The men of Ambergris Caye were jobless (no coconut palms, no jobs) – and many left the island looking for work. America was looking for male labor (Mito Paz's uncle went to work in a factory in Pittsburgh, later to return). A few joined the war effort (we were still British Honduras at that point), one or two went down to Panama to help with expansion and lock work on the canal, some went to the mainland. And after the war many returned.
By then lobstering was on the upswing,
and labor for coconuts became scarce. The farms were abandoned in the 1960's when speculation made the land worth more for real estate than farming.
The islanders enjoyed a life of freedom but it was by no means an easy one. In the late mid 1900s the villagers claimed that the Blake family in the person of, Anita Alamilla the great, great grand daughter of James Humes Blake, was charging outrageous amounts of money for land rental. This was money that they could not possiblyafford. The first settlers had been squatters and had not been charged rent until the Blake/Alamilla/ Parham family had come into possession of the Caye. On several occasions they petitioned the Governor to render whatever assistance he could. Through very short correspondence the Governor responded that because the land was privately owned there was nothing that he could do. This continued until Belize became self-governing in 1964 and the Peoples United Party came to their assistance by purchasing land, having it surveyed and issuing lots to the settlers.
Prior to the 1920's, lobsters were considered "trash fish," more likely to be swept off the dock than harvested. The waters were "infested" with them, and got caught in the fishermen's nets.
A few years later, the spiny lobsters were being herded like cattle onto the beaches, the clear waters turned red with the herd.
By the 1950's, the "trash fish" were the base of the islands economy.
The lobster export business is highly dependent upon freezer storage. The lack of competitors to sell to hindered the price for years. Most freezing equipment was based on the mainland,
and the attempt to get good equipment onto the island of Ambergris Caye was fought for years.
A Captain Foote came to the island buying lobster for one cent a pound, later freezer boats and canning began to buy lobsters and prices crept up slowly. At one point after WW2, a man with a Catalina seaplane would fly down to the island, fill it with a few thousand pounds of lobster and fly away to Florida. Taking the lobster on concession! He still owes local fishermen for his last load.
The arrival of the freezer vessel Betty Jean marked the introduction of the island to the market. No money was paid to the islanders until the lobsters were sold, and once a shipment of 4,000 pounds was
never paid for.
20-30 foot boats carried the men to the lobster grounds, which began to encompass Turneffe, Lighthouse Reef, and the Blue Hole as the closer grounds became fished out. This required longer
trips, and the method of catch became skindiving to catch lobsters in the deeper waters. Skindiving is now the hallmark method of the San Pedrano lobster fisherman.
An attempt to eliminate the middleman was behind the rise of the co-operatives in the 1950's and 1960's. Hard bargaining and the last minute help of an American freezer company saved the day when the two major buyers attempted to
bust the co-operative in 1960. One company, Del Caribe, announced they would pay a penny a pound. The fishermen, stuck with a huge opening day harvest, thus with their backs to the wall, had to boycott both buyers. Butcher Scott held the lobsters in his cold storage long enough
for the negotiations to occur. By late 1960, the co-operative was able to sell the 4,000 pounds held in storage. They did better and better each year.
Fishing really started to take off on the island – and the boat were not all that different from the ones used today.
The biggest differences? Today, ice is used and then they used a "live well". Water circulated through the center of the boat to keep the catch alive. The boats were out to sea for up to 15 days. AND there was no motor.
Fishing, mainly for snapper, mullet and bonefish, continued. Small scale at first. The pre-Lenten season was the most active with dried fish being sold as far as Honduras. Much was done using nets, some using fish traps. You can still see a few on the back side of the island today.
Attempts to organize a co-operative in San Pedro began in late 1961. Every fisherman was contacted, but many were skeptical. Twenty men
finally agreed to join, and letters were filed to begin the process of legality.
In the early 1960s, to unite and get a better price, the Caye Caulker fishing co-op was founded and then a year later, one in San Pedro.
In March 1963, the San Pedro co-operative was registered under the name Caribeña Producers Co-operative Society Limited. Some had to use their homes and property as collateral.
The Caribbean Queen Company agreed to purchase and export the lobsters under the co-operative's quota. The co-op received lobsters from the members on the beach in front of the village. After learning from this initial arrangement, the co-operative
attempted to get a freezer plant on the island. When this fell through, and for other reasons, the co-operative decided to stop selling to Caribbean and begin to deal with a company headed by Apolonio Alamilla.
Through 1964, the co-operative exported through local agents. This kept the price down, and the market was $1.04 a pound, despite rising prices in the U.S.
These years also brought the beginnings of the export of conch and scale fish as well, providing an alternate product for the fishermen of Ambergris Caye to sell.
A four month lobster season was also mandated.
In 1964, negotiations for a freezer plant were finally completed. Thus plant allowed annual production to hit 179,132 pounds in 1965. The record high of 184,000 pounds was in 1984. The co-operative and its 217 members were then the
backbone of the community, which nearly put a halt to coconut farming and work in the bush.
Making a living became easier with the unity and the co-ops but the island's industry was about to shift to tourism.
A growing scarcity of product and the growth of tourism have resulted in a decline in the membership of the co-operative today. Production in 1992-1993 was an annual low of 18,000 pounds. Today, tourism is the economic heavy. Beginning with the Holiday hotel, started by the Grief family in November of
1965 and built with a foundation of ground conch shells, began attracting the tourism
that is the mainstay of the economy now. In 1967 the Paradise opened, and by 1970 the Coral Beach Hotel had established the first
dive shop. Tourist accommodations started popping up all over the place, and some local folks converted rooms or build small guest houses on their land. Visitors remember this personalized atmosphere and laid-back style. It became a trademark for San Pedro.
More and more fishermen began to add
to their income by serving as fishing or diving guides for tourists. Guiding came
naturally to them, as it involved things that are important to their way of life-
fishing, snorkeling, sailing. As fishing declined, tourism increased.
Ambergris Caye has a past full of contrasts. The Maya who settled throughout
the island and developed an economy based on trading and exploitation
of the marine resources had practically nothing in common with the pirates
who succeeded them, or with the British agriculturists who marshalled their
slaves in a futile attempt to convert the island into a cotton plantation. And,
of course, all these were distinct from the Mestizo refugees who fled the war
in Yucatan for the tranquility of the caye.
Conditions in the island have also
differed greatly from time to time. The
way of life of the first permanent residents of San Pedro was quiet and
unpressured. The villagers fished, farmed their milpas and tended their
chicken and livestock with almost no outside interference. They had
brought with them their Yucatan culture and customs, their diet of beans
and tortillas, their simple homes of thatched roofs and walls plastered with
white lime and mud.
This was a time when ownership of almost the whole island was concentrated
in the hands of a few people. Virtually any person on the island could be
orders to vacate, for the flimsiest of reasons and at a day's notice, the house
in which he or she had been born, raised and lived all their life. This was
the case of the local midwife, Desideria, who was ordered to dismantle her
home because its rustic condition detracted from the elegance of the Casino
which was being built on the lot next door.
Those were the days when a desperate bachelor such as Natividad Guerrero
could get a bride from the transient Maya settlements at Basil Jones in
exchange for a box of groceries from Belize City.
Life is no longer this way on the island, of course. The absolute power
which the Blakes exercised over almost every facet of the villagers' lives
has long gone. The erosion of this hegemony began in 1943, when the
Colonial Government initiated the forerunner of the present day village
council by appointing a small group of villagers to make recommendations
on plans and projects for the caye. In the 1960s, it continued with the
acquisition and redistribution by the government of large portions of the
village to San Pedranos. Finally, it culminated with the growth of the fishing
and tourism industries which allowed the villagers to break the Blakes'
economic stronghold.
The growth of the fishing co-op had a profound effect on life in Ambergris
Caye. The establishment of the co-op's headquarters and processing plant
on the island kept the maximum amount of money circulating in the community
and therefore significantly contributed to the overall increase in the
villagers' standard of living. San Pedro, which was abandoned by several residents
during the 1940s as a result of the economic depression which followed
the devastation of the 1931 hurricane and the decline in the coconut
industry, was by the mid-1980s one of the most economically affluent communities
in Belize.
In 1984 San Pedro officially went from being a village to a town. Victoria House was built, and the airstrip began getting a little more business. The tourist industry began to grow faster. For an account of this time, click here for Mervino's Hole in the Web.
Today the island's prosperity is dependent on tourism. Innumerable job
opportunities created by tourism and related activities have attracted people
from throughout Belize and new immigrants from Central America mix with
the island population. Although official figures reflect a population of about
1,200, it can be estimated that close to 4,000 people reside on the island,
half of whom are new arrivals.
San Pedro's education system includes two primary schools, a private school,
three pre-schools and a high school established in its own new building. At
the latter, training for the tourism industry is offered, as well as ample preparation
for higher studies. San Pedranos can also receive medical care at the
recently established clinic.
In line with world trends in communications San Pedro now boasts a TV
station, cable network with 22 channels, fax machines and a telephone
exchange system linked by satellite. A new desalination water system has
been installed and will soon be followed by a second one. The island is
extending a complete water and sewerage service, which will reach the new
areas of San Pablo and San Pedrito.
Tourist accommodation is provided by over 50 hotels, ranging from small
pensions to luxury resorts which can double the island's population during
the high season. With the only hyperbaric recompression chamber in Belize
Ambergris Caye keeps up its reputation for being a diver's paradise.
What used to be a simple airstrip located at the south end of the town has
grown to a small yet busy airport surrounded by houses and tourist establishments.
Frequent flights from three airline companies link the island to various
destinations in Belize~e, Guatemala and Mexico. The government has
recognized the urgent need for a new airport outside the inhabited areas and
plans are under way for its relocation The island is also accessible by sea by
the many boats which provide regular ferry or special taxi services to and
from Belize City, a ride of about one hour through the numerous neighboring
One of Ambergris Caye's most pressing concerns is the availability of lots for
houses. Real estate has been subject to high speculation and prices for lots
have become unaffordable for most Belizeans. Foreign ownership has
helped to complicate the problem, making it difficult to obtain good lots for
the future expansion of the town and to accommodate its growing population
of 800 young people. In an effort to find solutions the Town Board has
set up a development project known as San Pablo. Some 200 lots have
already been issued and sold at affordable prices and some 600 more are
available for distribution and sale. An additional 250 lots will be distributed,
mostly to young people whose needs are immediate, through a reclamation
project spearheaded by the government.
With the continued development of the tourism industry, San Pedro and
Ambergris Cave must carefully chart the course of its development. Close
attention must be paid to the protection of the environment: the land and
beaches, the sea and the reef, as well as the air. Ecology is threatened and it
is urgent that San Pedranos develop an increased appreciation of the island's
fragile environment and learn to respect and protect it in their daily lives.
The passing of laws and development of conservation measures is also necessary.
One step in the right direction is the creation of the Hol Chan
Marine Reserve. Following its success, Ambergris is considering other reef
reserves, beach reserves - as in the case of turtle nesting grounds - and bird
sanctuaries. The reef and its underwater beauty must not be taken for granted.
Development and sea dredging can result in damage to the reef.
Moreover, the water table on the caye flows out into the sea so that waste
water and sewage disposal must also be considered carefully.
Ironically, it is the very vehicles of emancipation, the development of the
fishing and tourism industries, which pose the most serious threats to the
island's future. The caye's fragile ecology is threatened by massive and
uncontrolled expansion; the resources of the sea are being rapidly exhausted;
the village's sense of community and cultural identity has been altered.
Paradoxically, it is by turning back to their past that San Pedranos can find
solutions to their problems in the future. Today, as tourism takes an ever
increasing share of the caye's economic and human resources, as the villagers
are submitted to increasing bombardment by foreign values, ideas,
and influence, it is important that San Pedranos have a strong sense of their
history, their identity and self-worth. A people cannot choose the circumstances
in which they make their history, but they can become conscious of
themselves and their past, and from that font they can attempt to draw the
confidence, discipline and ideas to deal with their potential problems in the future.
In the past, San Pedranos have proved that they are resilient, resourceful
and courageous. The problems and challenges that they face in the future
are no worse than the problems they faced and partly overcame in the past.
Given a continuing commitment on their part to finding workable solutions
to their problems and a continuing belief in their own dignity and value,
there is no reason why they should not succeed and no reason why the
island should not remain, for many years to come, a paradise with a future
equal in richness to its past.
If you enjoyed this history, and would like more detail, click here for a text-only larger extraction from the Glenn Godfrey book just below....
Related Links:
Today, Ambergris Caye has some 13 dive shops, offering complete rental and services of qualified instructors and guides. Three day courses provide the novice diver with a complete course on the safety in lessons in a safe underwater environment. And the sights offered inside the reef, in six foot deep water, offer the casual swimmer and
life-jacket floater with a mask access to more incredible views than divers in most places in the world....
Other attractions include para sailing, glass-bottom boats, jet skiing, hydro sliding, beach combing, horseback riding, bicycling, bird-watching,
basking in the sun, riding in golf carts, or taking a day-tour to one of the many sites on the Belizean mainland.
Over 800 rooms are available on the island, in absolutely any price range, and all expenses are moderately priced.
My first time there, I was amazed at how many places I could eat really inexpensively. Definently cheaper than at home, in Eugene, Oregon- not exactly a high-priced area.
I spent much less money than I thought I would. Many fine restaurants are available, with exquisite tastes for your taste buds to savor. The night-time boat rides are a dream, the sky ablaze with stars. You can swim 24 hours a day. The world of beauty in the water both animal and plant life is of a color and diversity unforeseen. Truly stunning, and peaceful.
Lots of night-time music mixed in a family-type atmosphere make for a incredible place. No sex industry in sight, a welcome relief from the bombardment of images in many cultures and vacation spots of today. A
quiet and charming little town.
In one short afternoon, I saw the incredible world of the Ambergris Caye barrier reef. In a mere six feet- eight feet of clear, warm water, wearing only goggles, I was able to sit on the bottom
of the ocean, inside huge schools of wondrously colored fish. Friendly sharks would come cruising by, stingrays that you could feed if careful. I had never snorkeled or gone diving. I was a total rookie. Yet I got a never-to-be-forgotten
first view of wonderland. I swam around for
hours, sometimes with a snorkel, but I most preferred it with mask only. The
silence that allows you to close with the beasties is so peaceful and beautiful.
I will be back many times to that world, but I will always owe Norman Eiley my birth into it. Just as I cherish the midwives that bore my children. Come and stick your toes into the water...
Marty Casado, webmaster, AmbergrisCaye.com
Can you remember when...
Close your eyes and go back,
Before the Internet or the MAC,
Before semi-automatics and crack,
Before Hattieville Ramada,
and all the problems with Guatemala,
Before SEGA or Super Nintendo
when life was simple and air conditioning was your open window.
Go way, way back.
I'm talking bout playing hide and seek at dusk,
sitting on the veranda, eating hot Creole bread and butter. Seferino,
Eustace Usher and Everall Waight on Radio Belize. Red light, Green
light (those are games, we had no traffic lights in Belize).
Powder milk (AKA Klim) and a potted meat sandwich for lunch
was dandy.
Kottobrute, tableta, stretch-mi-guts, wangla and goatshit
for candy.
Boil corn and ducuno from Fullmoon Bevas on Hydes Lane.
Macobi (pepitos) seeds from Bredda Roy or Don Marin at Holy
Playing caparuche or gamma in the neighbour's yard,
Hopscotch, marbles, ludo, snake and ladder, Jacks, cricket,
Mother May I, Say, Say, Say and Ring around the Roses.
Hula Hoops and racing bicycle rims.
Bradley's lemonade (all flavors were lemonade) and 2 panades
for 5 cents.
Dit's meat pies (1 for 5) and Happy Hour's cowfoot soup
(only 35).
Black shoe polish on mustaches to get into Eden, Majestic,
or Palace,
Crossing kinnel iron, a nude dip at barracks.
The smell of the sun and lickin' salty lips.
Wait ......
10:30 Sunday morning matinee, Superman, The Three Stooges
and Bugs.
Back further, listening to Reverend Matthew and Chichi on
the radio.
Catching needle cases (never knew their real names) off the clothes
line, Making your own kites with kite paper from Angelus Press and
flour paste.
Making sure roaches wouldn't eat your kite by putting
kerosene in the paste.
Playing sling shot or using rubber bands with orange peeling
to sting maclala.
Remember when walking from New Road to New Market seemed far
And going downtown on Albert Street seemed like going
Ghost stories at bedtime, climbing trees, gathering black
berries and mangoes.
An ice cream cone from one-eye Mallick on a hot summer day,
Tuti-Fruti, Sour Sap or maybe Sugar Corn. You found his
other eye, you say?
A burger and coke from Shammah's drug store on Queen Street,
A million mosquito bites, flit, fish (for mosquitoes) and
sleeping under nets.
Kerosene lamps, gas lamps and candles.
Etnas (one-holed kerosene stoves), chamber pots and the good
old white bucket.
Cops and Robbers, Cowboys and Indians, playing house (oooh,
I liked that).
Steve Reeves and Gordon Scott, when all leading actors were
"the bwai",
Sittin on the fence whistling at girls passing by.
Sliding down the rail of the steps, catching a splinter in
your ass.
Jumping on the bed (if you had one) and pillow fights.
Running from Catate and Dilo till you were out of breath,
And laughing so hard that your stomach hurt.
Being tired just from playing. Remember that?
I'm not finished just yet.
Eating Klim with sugar, kawsham too.
Remember when...
The sneakers at Bata for girls and boys were called puss?
And you were ashamed to wear them at school cause they only cost a
dollar? When it took five minutes for the transitor radio to warm
And you listened to championship fights and that was fun?
When nearly everyone's Mom was at home when the kids got
When every kid owned some type of dog?
And how you cried when they poisoned yours?
When five cents was a decent allowance, and 10 cents a
When Saldivar bread went up 2 cents and everyone talked
about it for weeks?
When you lined up outside Jail at 5:00 AM for hot jail
When you'd reach into a stinking, muddy drain for a penny?
When girls neither dated nor kissed until late high school?
And jukking behind convent or up by Haulover was cool?
When girls wore quindolyn to church every Sunday?
And your clothes were always clean and pressed, even though
you didn't have many?
And we'd all have to be at the 8:30 AM mass on Sunday or
When you got brawta from the grocery store regardless of how
much you bought?
And 12 cents American cheese and a pack bread fed a family
of 8?
When laundry detergent had free glasses, dishes or towels
hidden inside the box?
When any parent could whap any kid and nobody, not even the
kid, gave it any thought?
When being sent to the principal's office was nothing
compared to the fate that
awaited you at home?
When you wore two or more pairs of short pants under your
long pants to ease the sting from that sash corn or tambran whip
from one of your male teachers?
When we were in fear for our lives but it wasn't because of
drive by shootings,drugs, gangs, etc?
When our parents and grandparents were a much bigger threat?
When you didn't dare talk back to your parents, at least not
to their face?
Didn't that feel good? Just to go back and say, yeah, I remember that!
There's nothing like the good old days! They were good then,
and they're good now when we think about them.
Share some of these thoughts with a friend who can relate, then
share it with someone who missed out on them.


text:
How did your style change (if at all) after becoming a mom?
I've definitely realized some things I just can't wear around the house, they aren't comfortable or ideal to wear while taking care of small kids. But I wouldn't say my style has changed; because I still get dressed up and wear things I love- it just has to fit the occasion. I'm definitely wearing something different at a girls night than I wear to the park. And I'm okay with it, because it's still "my style" and something I enjoy wearing.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This is the place if you wanna yak about any of the conference championship games or any of the final-week-of-the-regular-season games in leagues wherein the NCAA's byzantine rules prohibit a title game. Something to ponder: the NCAA mandates that leagues only schedule championship games when they have 12 teams or more—meaning, what with realignment, that the Big Ten (12 teams) has a title game and the Big 12 (10 teams) doesn't. Spooky, right?
Of course, your headliner is at 4:00 p.m. on CBS, a preview of what one half of a four-team BCS playoff will look like: #3 Georgia vs. #2 Alabama, in Atlanta, for the SEC championship. (The other half of this year's four-team playoff would have been Notre Dame vs. Florida, so just pretend that happened, and that Notre Dame somehow won.) We'll link back for that, and here's the master schedule if you need it. Enjoy.


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OMG, ZOMBIES!! Hey, this is Drago speaking. Today's tutorial will be about Zombies. This tutorial will teach you the basics on how to draw a zombie. Everyone knows those popular Resident Evil games, right? (I love those games. They give me the chills when my brother and I play them.) Who doesn't love Resident Evil? I do, and they inspired me to draw this zombie. How do Zombies form? Zombies come to life by a plague or sometimes (in stories) by an unknown disease. It all starts with just one infected host. This person then turns into a zombie and craves flesh. They are mindless monsters that have only one objective on their mind and that are BRAINS! Not really. Well...not just brains but human flesh! Muhahahahahahaha! Er...em. Now, when this 'thing' finds its prey, they feed and infect the person. Then, this person (even when dead) gets infected and awakes as a zombie. Come on! How simple is that!? Now do you know what a zombie is? Zombies star in tons of movies like, Night of the Living Dead, 28 Days Later, 28 Weeks Later, and a whole bunch of movies. Follow these 'zombie' steps and you'll be able to draw on your own. Without me...Lol! Oh yeah, I also have a much easier tutorial on how to draw a cartoon zombie that you can check out as well.
DragoArt members upload artwork and drawing tutorials! They are also allowed to leave comments on tutorials, profiles, etc. Many more features, as well; it's way better than just being a boring guest! Register Now!


text:
Dear Readers,
Till now you were getting "THE CURRENT AFFAIRS SHOW" videos in English only, but now on-wards we will be providing you the same in Hindi language also. So, it will be quite useful for Hindi speaking students as they will get the interactive videos in their mother tongue.
Well, the revolution is quite rare in Education field and in this era, monotonous things won't be that much efficient. This particular show, will deal with needs and requirements of Current Affairs.
We are starting with Daily GK Update and that too in an interesting way. Not only this, we will also be providing the other sections and with tricks and types. Apart from this, you will also get Tips on Exams and discussion on the patterns and more.
We hope this will aid your preparation.
We hope this will aid your preparation.
So stay tuned and do let us know the feedback in comment section!! And don't forget to SUBSCRIBE the channel for future updates.


text:
Questionnaire about RAI10/2010
ThyCa posted this questionnaire in October 2010. It received over 1,000 responses in a week's time. The questionnaire has closed.
Dear Friend,
The U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, chaired by Congressman Edward J. Markey, has asked that we make you aware of their questionnaire regarding whether you've received Radioactive Iodine (I-131) as part of your thyroid cancer care. If you have received I-131, they invite you to complete the following questionnaire as they gather information about your experience. The questionnaire takes less than 5 minutes to complete. Now closed.
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Anales de la Asociación Química Argentina
Print version ISSN 0365-0375
An. Asoc. Quím. Argent. vol.94 no.1-3 Buenos Aires Jan./July 2006
A model approach for food safety: The assessment of interactions by computing
1,2Kozmutza, C.; 1,3Varga* I.; 3,4Budaházy, I.
1 Department of Theoretical Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
2 HuKaSoft Ltd., Radna u. 7, H-1026 Budapest, Hungary
3 Kapuy Ede Research Foundation, Budafoki ut 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
4 Information Center and Library, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 4-6, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
FAX: +36 1 463 1110, E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received December 5th, 2005. In final form March 17th, 2006
Dedicated to Prof. Imre G. Csizmadia on the occasion of his 75th birthday
Recently, there has been growing international interest regarding food safety. Unlike many physical elements, the impact of most chemical and biological hazards is complex and has not been fully characterized. Establishing a database of parameters associated with such molecular interactions would not only be beneficial for the scientific community, but may allow consumers to wisely choose certain food products. By examining the interaction between a simple phenol and the divalent magnesium ion, we propose a new approach to assess the interactions between biologically relevant compounds using widely accepted theoretical methods such as ab initio computations, while taking into consideration recent developments in the field. Certain theoretical cases were examined, while others were collected from scientific literature on phenols/phenolics. Experimental and theoretical methods should complement each other to provide a more complete picture of molecular interactions. A common database of interactions between common chemicals detectable in foodstuffs and human systems will enable consumers to make more informed decisions regarding their purchases.
Recientemente ha habido un creciente interés por la seguridad en los alimentos. A diferencia de muchos de los factores físicos, el impacto de la mayoría de los peligros químicos o biológicos son complejos y no han sido completamente caracterizados. El establecer una base de datos de parámetros asociados con tales interacciones moleculares no sería solamente beneficioso para la comunidad científica sino que le permitiría a los consumidores elegir mejor ciertos productos alimenticios. Examinando la interacción entre un simple fenol y el ion magnesio bivalente, proponemos una nueva aproximación como medida para la interacción entre compuestos biológicamente relevantes usando métodos teóricos altamente aceptados tales como cálculos ab initio, considerando recientes desarrollos en el campo. Algunos cálculos teóricos fueron examinados, mientras que otros fueron obtenidos a partir de la bibliografía sobre fenoles/fenolicos. Métodos experimentales y teóricos se complementarían entre si para proveer una mas completo cuadro de las interacciones moleculares. Una base de datos común de interacciones entre químicos comúnmente detectable en materia alimenticia y sistemas humanos les permitiría a los consumidores tomar decisiones más informadas respecto a sus compras.
Phenols are a well-known group of compounds that include flavonols, flavones and isoflavones [1]. Due to their antioxidant activities, phenolics have attracted broad interest in recent years. As such, their structures have been examined experimentally as well as theoretically. The beneficial effect of the consumption of phenolics has been pointed out [2]. There are certain phenolic compounds that are commonly used as food additives (butylated hydroxytoluene). However, some phenolics are fungicides (orthophenyl phenol), as well as toxic by-products of detergent degradation (4-nonylphenol) [3].
Chemical and biological contaminants including chemical residues and additives may lead to health hazards in ingested food products. Unfortunately, there is limited empirical documentation of the interactions between exposure to such pollutants and human beings, creating an undesirable level of uncertainty when assessing the safety of food products. This paper will attempt to outline sound scientific procedures that should be implemented when characterizing these intermolecular interactions.
Independent experts recently stated that it is important to improve theoretical methods that could provide a better knowledge on how chemicals act on life processes [4]. A large number of scientists are convinced that computing methods based on molecular physics are applicable to this purpose. There is also a need to increase the research and development of experimental (e.g. analytical, spectroscopic, and crystallographic) procedures. It has also been suggested that the inclusion of some statistical procedures would allow for estimates to be made concerning biological interactions. Key parameters associated with uncertainties are not always given in literature, although these are increasingly expected to be carefully analyzed [5]. Some guidelines concerning food consumption and regulations in the EU are especially unclear (such as GEOs and GMOs). Consumers should be given access to data derived from independent sources in order to make informed decisions.
Both experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out for mono-, di- and triphenols and the results obtained are often compared with the outcomes derived from the studies performed on more complex phenolics [6]. The possibility for the comparisons arises from certain topological similarities between phenols and phenolics. The mono-phenol molecule was thus selected as the first target in our study. Although this molecule has been extensively studied ([7] and references therein), we first intend to perform a systematic series of investigations of various simple phenols; analysis of phenolic compounds will be targeted in our forthcoming studies. In addition to the number and the position of OH groups, the impact of metal ions is also an important step in antioxidant activity. For this reason, the interaction between phenol and Mg2+ will be examined. In addition, the study of this interaction would allow considering the effect of the change of the geometric parameters of the phenol molecule.
In the present work, we have attempted to characterize the interaction between phenol and the Mg2+ ion using the ab initio/Separated Molecular Orbitals method. This has allowed us to develop a model system for further investigation of the interactions between various biologically relevant compounds such as phenol derivatives. The proposed computational method will be able to complement traditional discovery techniques and remove some of the uncertainty surrounding qualitative experiments.
Molecular properties can be determined by various experimental methods to a certain extent. When determining the uncertainty associated with experimental studies, some key parameters are traditionally used. A protocol for the analytical measurement to determine the amount of a phenolic compound in a given sample requires establishing parameters such as accuracy and precision. When using quantum chemical approaches, the level of uncertainty is linked to the type of the approximations applied. This also holds for ab initio methods. The geometric conformation of the molecular structures under investigation and a well-balanced basis set a priori are needed to obtain results by ab initio computations. It follows, then, that the geometry and the selected basis set could key parameters to uncertainty.
The success of theoretical methods depends on the geometry used for the system, and a key parameter could certainly be associated with geometric conformation. To assess the impact of geometry on the uncertainty, however, there has been a historical debate about which of experimentally or theoretically determined geometry data are applicable for ab initio calculations [8]. This arises from the fact that experimental methods are continually developing, and the size of the molecular structures under study is increasing and the structures themselves are becoming more and more complex. The long-standing goal of quantum chemistry is that theoretical treatments would support experimental measurements [9]. Structural chemistry may produce a skeleton conformation, which would then be successively filled by a theoretical scientist with the coordinates of atoms using ab initio calculations. However, the conformation of large molecular systems often cannot be uniquely determined, and model geometric values would thus be assigned with much difficulty. In general, this does not hold for weakly interacting molecular structures. "Independent" monomers, usually those with well-defined structures, are present in these systems.
Basis set dependence of quantum chemical means such as ab initio methods has been observed since the establishment of the procedure [10]. Although the variational method ensures that the total energy of the system under study could not increase as the basis set is extended, no universal technique has been developed to improve the quality of the basis set. Various basis sets have been established and are even currently under development [11]. The impact of the basis set on a theoretically calculated molecular property could therefore be a key parameter linked to uncertainty.
The method of Separated Molecular Orbitals (SMO) has already been used successfully to study various weakly interacting systems [12, 13]. Not only have molecule-molecule been investigated, but also molecule-ion structures. Total energy partitioning can be done using both the Hartree-Fock (also known as a self-consistent field), and the second, third and fourth order level of correlation using the many-body perturbation theory (MBPT). Recently, special attention has been paid to develop and apply the SMO method to describe the energetic components arising in interacting systems of four to six components. Encouraging results were obtained while analyzing various water clusters. Systematic basis set dependence studies accompanied the analyses in each case. The advantage of the SMO method lies in its simplicity. When considering self-consistent field (SCF) calculations, reliable information is provided for the interaction ability of contributing systems. The electronic structure of the supersystems is the readout, and no additional calculations, including corrections for basis set superposition error, are needed.
We chose to use the HF SCF level of theory to study the phenol-Mg2+ interaction since the ab initio/SMO method generates the suitable energetic quantity of the monomeric behavior in weakly interacting systems. In this study, the effect of the Mg2+ ion approaching from different directions toward the phenolic OH group was examined. Each partitioned energy quantity, including the interaction energy as a contribution to the total energy at the HF level, is influenced by the quality of the basis set. As such, the impact of the basis sets on the partitioned interaction energy (PIE) was investigated. On one hand, the PIE value is a quantity that arises primarily from electrostatic interaction energy. Yet, the partitioned total energies of the monomers reflect the suitability of the applied basis set (see previous results obtained by the SMO method). This is expected from the partitioning scheme.
Calculations performed for the phenol-Mg2+ system were done using two well-known basis sets, 6-31G* and 6-311G*. The initial optimized geometry of phenol obtained by 6-31G* basis set was used when bringing the molecule to higher levels of theory and at different conformations (coordinates listed in table I). Four different conformations were considered (figure 1). The corresponding values are grouped in table II.
Table I: Geometry data of phenol (in Ångstroms)
Figure1. The interaction of the Mg2+ ion and the phenol molecule is investigated at four conformations.
Table II: Calculated partitioned interaction energies (in Hartrees). The distances (d) between the parent systems numerical values are given in atomic units.
The Mg2+ ion approaches the oxygen atom of the OH group from its open side (Series A in table I). Series B records the values of PIE when the ion is approaching from the opposite side. Similarly, Series C and D represent the calculated PIE values when the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group is perturbed by a Mg2+ ion. The effect of the geometry parameters on PIE was considered by using both experimentally and theoretically determined configurations for the phenol molecule. The A1, B1, C1 and D1 series belong to the former conformation, while the A2, B2, C2 and D2 series represent the values obtained by using the latter geometric arrangement for phenol.
The results can be summarized as follows. PIE values shed light on the different attractive ability of the hydroxyl group, which also depends on the orientation of the approaching Mg2+ ion. In addition, analysis of the results affirms that the proposed method of assessing molecular interactions is sufficiently sensitive for the detection of different interaction capabilities. However, the geometric orientation of the atoms in phenol determined by both experimental measurement and theoretical optimization does not have a significant effect on PIE values.
We do not intend to generalize the conclusions prior to extensive calculations for studying interaction abilities in other molecular and/or ionic structures.
Discussion and Conclusion
Due to constraints in computing capabilities, only a skeleton of the model approach has been examined at great length here. This sample case examining the interaction between phenol and a single metal ion, however, allows us to demonstrate the manner in which the "geometry" parameter with its accompanying uncertainty could be considered. The results suggest that variation in the geometry of the monomer (phenol) does not only have a significant effect on PIE values, but that this influence is consistent along the series at each inter-atomic distance as well. The deviations do not exceed 1%. This is certainly due to the dominant electrostatic interaction that arises in the phenol-Mg2+ system and to the energy partitioning scheme applied at the HF level of theory in combination with the SMO method.
In regards to basis set dependence, the results suggest that there are systematic differences between different basis sets based on the calculated PIE values. The influence of the basis set variation on the partitioned energy terms obtained by the SMO method at the HF level has already been published for a large number of (weakly) interacting molecular structures [11-14]. Our results confirmed that the impact of the basis set is systematic in each case. This may be a result of the careful construction of the basis sets (all are well-balanced); this trend does not deteriorate when energy partitioning in the SMO method is applied. In this work, two basis sets were used; the deviations obtained for the PIE values were approximately 5% at each intermolecular distance.
Our model approach could therefore be implemented using the following steps. First, the coordinates of the monomers are to be fixed. These values may be obtained using experimentally or theoretically determined values (depending on time constraints). Uncertainty is not a large factor at this stage. Model structures might also be used, this possibility and its risk assessment will be discussed in a future work. Second, well-known basis sets must be chosen. We have shown that established basis sets provide reliable results with uncertainty limited in the range of 5%. Third, data collection must be systematic. While varying interatomic or intermolecular distances between the monomers involved in the interaction, PIE values should be computed using the ab initio/SMO method. Regular variations are expected when the distance between the approaching monomers is changing. Fourth, PIE values must be analyzed for variation so that conclusions could be drawn about possible affinities and interactions of the monomers. As affinity certainly depends on the actual conformations of the two molecules, all possible ("realistic") configurations should be tested for the ability to interact. The analyses are expected to enhance the understanding of interaction processes and may also allow for the prediction of favorable interactions.
Implementing some key parameters related to uncertainty in calculations would contribute to the harmonizing experimental and theoretical methods. Expressing uncertainty in a quantitative and coherent fashion would enhance the profile of the ab initio method for those who are not familiar with quantum chemistry. In addition, experimental and theoretical methods would be able to complement each other more fully. Interaction parameters for various molecular structures obtained through various methods will contribute to a much-needed database that will provide preliminary and explicit information on the interaction abilities of certain molecular structures. This protocol would enable the characterization of interactions between known chemicals and human systems, which could be deposited into a database accessible by both scientists and the consumer concerned with food safety.
C.K. is indebted to the Ministry of Education in Hungary for support related to the EU/FP6 projects. Assistance provided by Orsolya Kapuy during the preparation of this work is also acknowledged.
[1] Rusznyák, I.; Szent-györgyi, A., P. Vitamin: Flavonol as vitamins, Nature 1936 27, 138. [ Links ] Parmar, N.S.; Ghosh, M. N., Current trends in flavonoid research, Ind. J. Pharmac., 1990 12 (4), 213. [ Links ]
[2] Simon, C.; Barathieu, K.; Laguerre, M.; Schmitter, J.M.; Fouquet, E.; Pianet, I.; E.J., Biochemistry, 2003 42 (35): 1038. [ Links ] Brian, D. C.; Whichelow M.J.; A. T. , Public Health Nutrition, 2000, 3 (1), 19; [ Links ] Hour, T. C.; Liang, Y. Ch.; Chu, I. S.; Lin, J. K., Food and Chemical Toxicology 1999, 37, 569; [ Links ] Guerrero-Romero, F.; Rodriguez-Moran, M., Arch. Med. Res., 2005, 36 (3): 250. [ Links ]
[3] James Maguire, R., Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 1999, 34 (1): 37; [ Links ] Restrictions on the marketing and use of nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylate and cement, http://www.europarl.org.uk/news/infocus/nonylphenol2003.htm [ Links ]
[4] Risk analysis and food: The experts' view, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, http://www.fao.org/docrep/V9723T/v9723t08.htm; [ Links ] Vialette, M.; Pinon, A.; Leporq, B.; Dervin, C.; Membré, J. M., Meta-Analysis of Food Safety Information Based on a Combination of a Relational Database and a Predictive Modeling Tool, Risk Analysis, 2005, 25 (1), 75; [ Links ] FAO/UNEP/WHO GEMS: Food Contamination Monitoring Program, Summary of 1986-1988 Monitoring Data, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland 1999. [ Links ]
[5] Janssen, P.H.M.; Petersen, A.C.; van der Sluijs, J.P.; Risbey, J.S.; Ravetz, J.R., RIVM/MNP Guidance for Uncertainty Assessment and Communication, RIVM, Bilthoven 2003. [ Links ]
[6] Chung, K.T.; Wong,T.Y.; Wei, C.I.; Huang, Y.W.; Lin, Y., Tannis human health: a review, Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. 1998, 38, 421; [ Links ] Crozier, A.; Burns, J.; Aziz, A.A.; Stewart, A.J.;Rabiasz, H.S.; Jenkins, G.I.; Edwards, C.A.; Lean, M.E.J., Biol. Res. 2000, 33: 79; [ Links ] Bravo, L., Nutr. Rev. 1998, 56, 317. [ Links ]
[7] Estacio, S.G.; Cabral do Couto, P.; Guedes, R.C.; Costa Cabral, B.J.; Nartinho J.A.; Simoes, Theor. Chem. Acc. 2004, 112, 282. [ Links ]
[8] van Lenthe, J.H.; van Duijneveldt, J.G.C.M.; van de Rijdt; van Duijneveldt, F.B.; Adv. Chem. Phys., 1987, 69 521-566. [ Links ]
[9] Hammami, F.; Nasr, S.; Belissent-Funel, M.C., J. Chem. Phys. 2005, 122, 064505. [ Links ]
[10] van Duijneveldt, F.; van Duijneveldt J.G.C.M.; van de Rijdt; van Lenthe, J.H. State of the Art in Counterpoise Theory, Chem Rev, 1994, 94, 1873. [ Links ]
[11] Ozaki, T.; Kirio, H., J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 121, 10879. [ Links ]
[12] Kozmutza, C., Tfirst, E., Transworld Research Network (ed.), Trivandrum, India, Vol.3, 169-209 (2002); [ Links ] Kozmutza, C., Tfirst, E., Adv. Quant. Chem., 1998, 31, 231. [ Links ]
[13] Kozmutza, C.; Varga, I.; Udvardi, L., J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem), 2003, 666-667, 95. [ Links ]
[14] Kapuy, E.; Kozmutza, C., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1994, 226, 484; [ Links ] Kozmutza, C.; Tfirst, E. and Kapuy E., Mol. Phys. 1996, 87, 569. [ Links ]


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text:
This example shows how to acquire data from a National Instruments device available to MATLAB® from the command line using the Session based interface.
To discover a device that supports analog input subsystems, click the name of the device in the list in the Command window, or access the device in the array returned by
daq.getDevices command. This example uses a NI 9201 device with ID 'cDAQ1Mod4'. This is a 8 channel analog input module and is in slot 4 of Chassis 'cDAQ1'.
devices = daq.getDevices devices(4)
devices = Data acquisition devices: index Vendor Device ID Description ----- ------ --------- -------------------------------- 1 ni cDAQ1Mod1 National Instruments NI 9205 2 ni cDAQ1Mod2 National Instruments NI 9263 3 ni cDAQ1Mod3 National Instruments NI 9234 4 ni cDAQ1Mod4 National Instruments NI 9201 5 ni cDAQ1Mod5 National Instruments NI 9402 6 ni cDAQ1Mod6 National Instruments NI 9213 7 ni cDAQ1Mod7 National Instruments NI 9219 8 ni cDAQ1Mod8 National Instruments NI 9265 9 ni Dev1 National Instruments PCIe-6363 10 ni Dev2 National Instruments NI ELVIS II ans = ni: National Instruments NI 9201 (Device ID: 'cDAQ1Mod4') Analog input subsystem supports: -10 to +10 Volts range Rates from 0.6 to 500000.0 scans/sec 8 channels ('ai0' - 'ai7') 'Voltage' measurement type This module is in slot 4 of the 'cDAQ-9178' chassis with the name 'cDAQ1'.
Create a session, and use the
addAnalogInputChannel function to add two analog input channels from this device to the session.
s = daq.createSession('ni'); addAnalogInputChannel(s,'cDAQ1Mod4', 0, 'Voltage'); addAnalogInputChannel(s,'cDAQ1Mod4', 1, 'Voltage');
By default the session is configured for 1000 scans/second. Change the scan rate to acquire at 8000 scans / second.
s.Rate = 8000
s = Data acquisition session using National Instruments hardware: Will run for 1 second (8000 scans) at 8000 scans/second. Number of channels: 2 index Type Device Channel MeasurementType Range Name ----- ---- --------- ------- --------------- ---------------- ---- 1 ai cDAQ1Mod4 ai0 Voltage (Diff) -10 to +10 Volts 2 ai cDAQ1Mod4 ai1 Voltage (Diff) -10 to +10 Volts
Use the
inputSingleScan function to acquire a single scan. The result is an array of size M-by-1, where M corresponds to the number of input channels.
data = s.inputSingleScan
data = 1.0e-03 * 0.8147 0.9058
You can acquire multiple scans using the
startForeground function. This blocks MATLAB execution until all the data is acquired. The acquired data is returned in TIME-DATA pairs. TIME is a M-by-1 matrix, where M is the number of scans. DATA is a M-by-N matrix where M is the number of scans and N is the number of analog input channels in the session. We will now start a foreground operation.
[data,time] = s.startForeground;
This session has now acquired 8000 scans in one second. Plot the acquired data for each channel.
plot(time,data); xlabel('Time (secs)'); ylabel('Voltage')
By default the session runs for a duration of one second. Configure the session to run for a specified duration using the
DurationInSeconds property.
Note, that Rate = DurationInSeconds/NumberOfScans. Changing the duration changes the number of scans in the session accordingly. The acquisition will now run for two seconds, acquiring 16,000 scans.
s.DurationInSeconds = 2; s [data,time] = s.startForeground; plot(time,data); xlabel('Time (secs)'); ylabel('Voltage')
s = Data acquisition session using National Instruments hardware: Will run for 2 seconds (16000 scans) at 8000 scans/second. Number of channels: 2 index Type Device Channel MeasurementType Range Name ----- ---- --------- ------- --------------- ---------------- ---- 1 ai cDAQ1Mod4 ai0 Voltage (Diff) -10 to +10 Volts 2 ai cDAQ1Mod4 ai1 Voltage (Diff) -10 to +10 Volts


text:
January 28, 2010
Husband. Partner. Spouse.
As K and I go forward, planning our wedding, marriage, house, honeymoon, merging the canine kids, deciding who's popcorn machine gets to stay, adjusting to in-law's, etc., we are going through pretty much the same process as any straight couple would be. Except for one big exception --- what they hell do we call each other?
Like it or not, the world consists of us labelling each other. Mr. Mrs. Doctor. Colonel. Bride. Judge. Rabbi. In-law. Father. Academy-Award Winner. Felon. President. First Lady. Son. Husband. Wife.
So when a married couple is not a husband and wife, and is two guys, do you go with husband and husband? Or is that, well, weird?
For some people not an issue. Ellen and Portia call each other wife and wife very matter-of-factly. So do Wanda Sykes and her wife. And why shouldn't they, as two women who are legally married to each other?
Husband? Partner? Spouse?
Putting aside those who believe that we will burn in hell for being gay -- that's you, Rush Limbaugh, Mr on your fourth wedding while out there protecting the virtues of 'traditional marriage' --- getting married is getting married. And getting married is about building a family, for the emotional and social significance, and the legal protection (look at A Single Man, where a guy loses his partner of 16years and the family blocks him from attending the funeral, and even keeps their dog).
Shortly after K and I decided to get married, we walked into a meeting with the architect designing our house, and K introduced me as his fiance. I was startled for a brief second (yikes, hope I hid that one); not in a bad way, just in a "hmm, I hadn't thought of that label" kind of way.
Now some time has passed and I am all over the fiance label. I use it, I like it, it feels romantic and significant and long-lasting. What's next?
Once we are married (countdown four months), what do we call each other? Husband and husband?
My fiance (see, using that one!) is going to use 'husband'. And me? Over the last 18 months I have gone from calling him my boyfriend to calling him my partner. Okay, actually I have gone from calling him 'some guy' to 'that cute guy' to my boyfriend to my partner. So what's next?
I had planned on using 'partner'. But that inclination has faded as the wedding approaches, as it won't be new or deeper somehow; I use 'partner' to refer to K now, and truth be told may have used it in other relationships before, so what is different about being married?
In addition to wanting a new and weightier label, and one that I have never used before as this is my first and only marriage (take that, Limbaugh), I am proud to be an out gay man getting married in a place where I can be fully and legally married (take that, Banderson Booper and the state of California). So for personal and political reasons, I don't think the label 'partner' is enough, and 'husband' it will be...
22 comments:
- Matthew said...
Yes, I'd probably plump for husband too.
I hope that the coming four months are enjoyable and the years afterwards are heaven-sent.
Thanks for stopping by my place recently - it's always nice to welcome new faces and hear new thoughts.
- January 28, 2010 5:28 AM
- Stephen said...
We got married in Vancouver BC, on our 25th anniversary as a couple... after the ceremony, attended by our 2 best men, we drove to Seattle 9where we had lived for 20 years) & had a party at former neighbor's house for 50 friends & family. We refer to each other as HUSBAND. At first I was uncomfortable, but now it rolls of the tongue & just seems right.
Congrats on your impending nuptials!
How does Alfred feel about all this?
- January 28, 2010 6:55 AM
- Vodka Logic said...
I work with a man married to a man and I think the rest of us were more uncomfortable about how to refer to his partner. They call each other husband.
- January 28, 2010 7:43 AM
- Aunt Juicebox said...
I don't see why you shouldn't call him your husband. Because that's what he'll be, yes? I've been married for 5 years, and it's still weird sometimes when I hear my husband call me his wife. It's always like, oh yeah, right, we're married now. (after being together unmarried for 7)
- January 28, 2010 7:53 AM
- Michael Rivers said...
What a wonderful post! Best wishes for your upcoming marriage. The plans sound great. Thinking of the "Mr. and Mr.", are you going to join names? Hyphenate?
I'm looking forward to photos of the big day!
- January 28, 2010 8:23 AM
- lena said...
Ummm... that's a tricky one, but then if you have to use a label, a husband will be the most appropriate! :)
Best wishes for the marriage. I bet you are excited :)
- January 28, 2010 12:02 PM
- robertga99 said...
Congrats on the upcoming nuptials. Whatever you choose to call him I think just depends on what you want and what works best for you.
- January 28, 2010 12:20 PM
- Jason said...
I totally understand how you feel. I've been married to Colin for 7 years and I still "cringe" when I refer to him as "husband." For some reason, it just doesn't fit exactly. But since there are no alternative labels that matches the word "husband," then husband it is.
All the best to you and your loved ones on your special day.
- January 28, 2010 5:44 PM
- Kevin said...
Awe. How sweet, honey.
- January 28, 2010 7:21 PM
- injaynesworld said...
Husband absolutely! I'm thrilled for you and wish you every happiness in the world. Does Alfred get to be the ring bearer? Surely, he's outfitted for a tux?
- January 28, 2010 7:54 PM
My spouse and I were one of the first man couples in BC to get hitched. In fact, they didn't even have marriage certificates yet for same sex couples, so I ended up filling my name in the "bride" heading. HA. I'm so not a bride.
We both us different terms at different times and in different situations, depending on whether the person we're talking to needs to know the particulars of our life.
In normal, everyday life he's my husband. If I'm referring to him to someone I don't know and gender isn't an issue I use the term spouse. I once had a woman ask me what my wife thought of something, and I said I don't have a wife. She said the ring on my finger says otherwise. I said the ring on my finger says I'm married but it doesn't say what the gender of my spouse is. 'nuff said.
Tom's not as "out" as me, especially in a corporate structure, and doesn't have the same comfort level talking about it to people he doesn't know. So for him, it's usually spouse, sometimes partner when marital status isn't relevent but usually never husband.
Whatever works for either of you is the proper term to use. There are no laws, no societal rules. Just enjoy your lives together and don't sweat the labels.
Congrats, best wishes, have a long and happy life together. We've been married 6 years, together for 9. Marriage is what you make of it, but don't let anyone else tell you what you should make of it and what to call the other. We didn't feel compelled to change our names, hyphonate, combine names. Husbands rarely take on the others name, though when my niece got married her husband took her name, he thought it was less weird then his. Whatever.
- January 28, 2010 9:00 PM
- Crystal said...
Congrats as well on the upcoming wedding. I'm sure it will be a fantastic party and I wish you both a lifetime of happiness.
I'm not sure what to say regarding the labels you'll use after you are married. I think each couple has to find something that suits them and they are comfortable with. I think "partner" sounds the most neutral, or perhaps my "significant other". But in the end, screw the labels and just focus on the union :)
- January 30, 2010 1:40 AM
- Bo said...
I prefer husband and husband, but you need to find what makes both of you comfortable. Best wishes on your upcoming marriage 4 months isnt that far off.
- January 30, 2010 11:12 AM
- marymac said...
Call it whatcha want you guys are just HAWT! (I mean, i'm still the other woman...) Wish I was invited to the BRUNCH because I would totally come up to America's hat...I mean...CANADA for that! ;) xo and smoochy congrats in advance!!
- January 30, 2010 1:00 PM
- Debra She Who Seeks said...
Congrats! I think "Husband" is the perfect choice. Once the novelty wears off, you can simply call him "Hub" or "The Hubster." Just so long as you never start using the term "The Old Ball 'n Chain," LOL!
- January 30, 2010 3:11 PM
- Brahm said...
Great comments all, and thanks for the congrats... we are of course very excited heading into the spring (yep I am in northern Canada and pretending there is no effing winter)... and ooh, "the hubster" is a new and interesting one!
- January 30, 2010 7:21 PM
- GregoryJ said...
I think 'spouse' sounds good. I pasted synonyms below. Mate? He-mate? He-spouse?
Are either/both of you changing names? Hyphenating?
Congratulations and Best wishes to you both.
Main Entry: spouse
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: one of a married couple
better half, bride, companion, groom, helpmate, husband, man, mate, partner, roommate, wife, woman
- February 1, 2010 7:18 AM
- Kelly@TearingUpHouses said...
the trying to decide who's popcorn machine to keep CRACKED ME UP.
that's awesome.
- February 1, 2010 8:54 PM
Brahm, I wish you and K much happiness.
- February 5, 2010 9:26 PM
- The Princess of Sarcasm said...
I didn't know gays could get married in Canada! That's awesome! I voted against the ban in my very conservative southern state.....even though I knew it was a futile effort. *sigh* I say call him whatever you damn well please! (I call my husband my prince. But we're not really royalty. *wink*) Best wishes in your upcoming married life. *smooches™
- February 8, 2010 6:09 AM
- Brahm said...
Thanks, Princess, and yes totally legal here -- in some provinces for many years, and country wide since 2003...
And we can also serve in the military... not that I want to.
- February 8, 2010 11:13 AM
- Middle Aged Woman said...
How about "Love of My Life?"
- February 13, 2010 10:07 AM


text:
political commentator * author * publisher * bookseller * radio presenter * blogger * Conservative candidate * former lobbyist * Jack Russell owner * West Ham United fanatic * Email iain AT iaindale DOT com
Tuesday, May 10, 2005
Sha la la la la la la la, hey!
Now, I got that on a text message earlier and then forwarded it to about 30 contacts of mine in Conservative politics. Half of them texted me back wondering what on earth I was on about. I wonder if this illustrates the problem the Conservative Party has at at the moment, as it shows that half of my friends have no idea which song has been at the top of the charts for the last two months.
And some of you will be reading this and scratching your heads. Are you thinking what I'm thinking?
17 comments:
I think that sums up ou problem. I attended the local after election party on Sunday and was about 40 years younger than the average attendee. When our PPC talked about modernising, there were a lot of confused looks about.
- May 10, 2005 11:24 pm
- Editor said...
I agree, being a Burnley fan and an avid Phoenix Nights man the song is a favourite of mine. Indeed we play it as the team come out!
My first comment on the site, since the election so commiserations to you Iain. You seem to have fought a good campaign and it was intriguing to see that you riled someone enough to hack your website. I will never forget ringing your constituency office at 8.30pm on a Friday night to be the 15th person to tell you it was hacked!
I am going to do my assessment of where the party needs to go on UK Future soon, but I broadly agree with what you think. However to me it seems as though we are stuck between half a party who thinks we did ok and Labour will muck up e.g. Fox ---> they are wrong. Another half who want social liberalism and to copy New Labour but are happy to forget family values.
What happens to people like me who want to sell centre-right policies a little better, who wants a party that knows the electorate, but does not want social liberalism gone mad?!
I will be intrigued to see what David Davis plans. To be I think old school, but if he genuinely sees the need to change tone and reform the party, I cannot see much past him, but at the moment I am confused!
But hopefully I will go to my first conference this October and I will know by then!
Best wishes for your future careers and if you have any advice for a budding blogger and Conservative activist get in touch via www.ukfuture.net
James Malcolm
- May 10, 2005 11:53 pm
No, your story has very little to do with the Tories' problems. The last thing you want to do is to try to "be cool and get down with the kids". Nobody expects politicians to do that and nobody is impressed - it is like watching your Dad dance. Focus on making your policies more credible (few people believed the £35 billion thing) and nicer (ditch the poisonous anti-immigration stuff). Also present your views in a more positive way.
I know you are very keen on being "cool" Iain. But when young people in North Norfolk received your CD-ROM, what proportion do you seriously believe said, "What shall I do today - Tomb Raider III or Iain's CD-ROM? Let's go with Dale!"
- May 11, 2005 10:06 am
- Iain Dale said...
I don't think it's anything to do with being 'cool'. I just think it's about being in touch with modern Britain. And for what it is worth I had nothing but positive comments about the CD Rom, especially from the 18-25 age group, who seemed to appreciate that I was trying to do soemthing different to engage them.
- May 11, 2005 10:17 am
Perhaps they were confused by the geographical references:
"Take a flight to Dallas. Hire a car. Head north to Oklahoma.Go west to Texas. Pick up signs for Interstate 35."
Why go North and then West, when the "road to Amarillo" from Dallas, Texas, is mostly directly North West along US-287 ?
I thought all politicians memorised the price of a loaf of white bread, of a pint of milk and the current top of the music charts, to "keep in touch with the people" ?
Or is that now the price of ciabbatta, of a Starbucks cappuccino and the top iPod mp3 download ?
- May 11, 2005 10:20 am
- Iain Dale said...
I only repeated what I got on a text message!!!!
- May 11, 2005 10:26 am
Seriously, I think this drive to ensure every MP can hold a 5 minute conversation about Eastenders, Eminem and Sven's diamond formation is absurd and misses the point. The thing at your last conference with shadow cabinet people talking about their first kiss and the last record they bought just made people cringe.
It is just copying the worst aspects of Tony Blair. Does anyone believe he watches Coronation Street and is a serious football fan? Honestly, nobody minds if their local MP is not very interested in sport or the latest in TV, films, music and computer games. What they find creepy is if their MP pretends to be interested in such things.
- May 11, 2005 11:44 am
FFS. I pride myself (now I think of it) on being as Tony Christie aware as the next woman on the Park & Ride omnibus. But, even having got the reference, I would have found that as a text message odd and bewildering. It's simply a quality of joke issue. Must try harder Dale.
…whilst we are on the subject. It's also been a matter of some incredulity for me that you managed to spend four years at UEA, at the tail end of a golden age of live music and alternative culture and come out of it a Tory who likes Cliff Richard and Meatloaf (cringe). Now that really does illustrate Tory resistance to popular culture and determined old fogey-ness at a remarkably young age.
*sniffs and turns neatly on heel*
- May 11, 2005 1:22 pm
NuLabour you are priceless!I bow to your knowledge of the roadmaps of the southern U.S.!
As regards the song I can remember it being released in 1971 and at that time thinking it was crap.Now as a middle aged balding businessmen I think it's quite good!Asign of the declining standards in our country?Personally I blame the government!
On a more serious note,I don't think it is beholden on M.P.s to appear 'cool'.Witness Blair and his embarrasing flirtation with Britpop.But it is essential that they understand the concerns of ordinairy people and then choose whether to address those concerns or not.
Blair used to be good at this ,but it his increasing arrogance which means that I believe we are now quite close to the end of his career as P.M.
- May 11, 2005 4:20 pm
Your concerns about Maude may be valid, but from my own experiences the voluntary side of the party needs a bit of robust challenging.
I write with the experience of having fought in 2001 and european elections in 2004, but selected and them promptly dumped by an association who would not have recognised the joke, the tune, or probably the existence of the charts. And they were definitely not going to have anything as common as a football stadium in one corner of the constituency, despite everyone from Michael Howard down to the local council group supporting it.
Many of our activists are made of pure gold, and have worked their socks off for me and other unworthy candidates; some however are pure poison. We have all met them. If Francis Maude can get rid of that bathwater without losing the baby, good on him!
Don't be cool - be relevant!
- May 11, 2005 5:49 pm
- Stuart Penketh said...
Peter Kay lives in my ward Radcliffe North (Bury South) and voted for me in the 2004 locals, was thinking to get him to sing 'is this the way to westminster.'
- May 11, 2005 7:08 pm
- Iain Dale said...
Toots, I can assure you that Cliff and Meatloaf are just the tip of a very uncool iceberg. Sparks, Howard Jones, Paul Young, Bucks Fizz. should I go on?
- May 12, 2005 3:41 pm
No,that's quite enough thanks.
- May 12, 2005 3:55 pm
Unfortunate timing Iain.
I think Amarillo was knocked off the top spot last weekend.
- May 13, 2005 10:11 am
- Andrew Ian Dodge said...
The trouble with that song is that its so amazingly ghastly. I was talking to a bunch of young Tories in West Wales and found them to most engaged. They knew what was on the charts and found most of it to be rather rubbish; at least one of them was into old Slayer, Metallica and Iron Maiden.
Another problem some Tories is a total amazement that anyone involved can have any interests outside of politics. People that live, breath and shit politics do not make good candidates.
- May 13, 2005 4:17 pm
Lagwolf - not just Tories, to be fair, but I agree for many but by no means all in all parties.
- May 13, 2005 8:50 pm
Coming in on this one quite late but I really LOVE Cliff's new single. And this is from a former rock chick who worked with the Ramones, B52's, Talking Heads and Deborah Harry. Could it be that I'm just getting old or has Iain been a pernicious influence?!
P.S. Also found myself singing along to 'Paradise by the Dashboard Light' in the office during the campaign! Aieee - there goes my street cred!
- May 15, 2005 8:27 am


text:
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text:
Newt Gingrich, putative presidential candidate (and in his party, who isn't?) is getting his ass handed to him by a 7-year-old in Wii bowling and has asked for your help,
Via Twitter, the former Speaker of the House says he's up in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, visiting family and rolling the Wiimote. "Seven year old is proving tough competition," he tweets.
Twitter's konabess replies with the helpful, "keep your elbow in and follow through!" Gingrich replies: "Good advice I will try this Any advice for wii golf."
I would have pointed him to the bowling ball attachment. As for golf, well, I find that the distance your ball travels relative to the dots feel a bit longer after the second dot. Keep that in mind when you're trying to make a mid-range iron shot onto the green.
Man, I feel so goddamned bipartisan all of a sudden.
Newt Gingrich on Twitter


text:
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