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Early Dimes (1796-1837)
Draped Bust, Small Eagle (1796-97)
Although the dime is an essential part of the decimal coinage system, it was one of the last coins issued by the United States Mint when operations first began. By the time it made its debut in 1796, as the Draped Bust/Small Eagle dime, the Mint had already been making copper cents and half cents for three years; silver dollars, half dollars and half dimes for two years; and even two gold coins—the eagle and half eagle—for a year. The only other coins delayed, like the dime, until 1796, were the quarter dollar and quarter eagle.
It's not as though the dime was an afterthought. Actually, Thomas Jefferson had called for such a coin as far back as 1783 as part of a proposed decimal system. He was joined in his advocacy by Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton and the man who would become the first mint director, eminent scientist David Rittenhouse. The decimal system was gradually gaining acceptance for use with calculations, but it had not yet been used for any nation's monetary structure. The founding fathers believed that not only was decimal coinage an efficient, workable method for commerce, but it also symbolized a break from the Old World.
Hamilton, the nation's first treasury secretary, bolstered this view in 1791 in his formal report to Congress, outlining a plan for a national mint and coinage. He recommended the issuance of coins in six denominations—including a silver piece "which shall be, in weight and value, one tenth part of a silver unit or dollar." He suggested that the dollar be called the "unit," with its tenth part being known as simply a "tenth."
These names never took hold, but the basic Mint Act of April 2, 1792, did include provision for both a silver dollar and a coin one-tenth thereof to be called a "disme." The term disme—pronounced the same as "dime" and later anglicized to be spelled the same—is French for "decimal." It first gained wide usage in 1585 when Dutch mathematician Simon Stevin published a pamphlet (later translated into French, and then into English) as Disme: the art of tenths, or, Decimal arithmetic.
The word "disme" never appeared on a regular-issue United States coin. But in 1792, before the start of official federal coinage, about 1,500 half dismes and a handful of dismes were struck bearing the statement of value in this now strange-seeming phraseology. Although these are authorized U.S. issues, they are generally regarded as patterns or provisional pieces. Only three 1792 dismes are known today in silver—with about fifteen others struck in copper.
After that tentative start, four years would pass before the Mint produced the first ten-cent coins intended for circulation. The dime (or disme) remained on the back burner. The dollar, perceived as the most prestigious coin of the new silver issues, was made first. Then, when production problems forced the Mint to stop making dollars, it turned instead to half dollars and half dimes.
Why no dimes? Numismatic researcher R.W. Julian largely attributes the delay to lack of public demand for this small silver coin, whether from merchants and their customers or from bullion depositors. Commercial needs were met adequately by the large numbers of Spanish reales then in circulation: The one-real coin, worth one "bit." or 12-1/2 cents, provided a convenient and readily available means to pay for small purchases. Meanwhile, depositors who left silver bullion with the Mint seeking silver coinage in return, much preferred large coins—especially silver dollars—to small ones like the dime.
By the time that production of dimes finally began the Mint had already modified the original designs of the other silver coins, so the dime denomination missed an entire cycle. The first regular issue silver coins had featured the so-called Flowing Hair portrait of Miss Liberty, but by 1796 this likeness had given way to a more sedate Draped Bust portrait—and that's the one that appeared on the very first dimes.
The Draped Bust/Small Eagle design by Mint Chief Engraver Robert Scot features a buxom portrait of Liberty, her flowing hair tied by a ribbon and her neckline covered with drapery, encircled by stars at the sides. The inscription LIBERTY appears above and the date below. The reverse depicts a small, spread-winged eagle perched upon clouds and surrounded by palm and olive branches. Encircling this is the motto UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The coin carries no statement of value—curiously, the Mint Act of 1792 required that only the copper cent and half-cent be inscribed with denominations.
Pieces dated 1796 have fifteen stars—one for each state in the Union then. In 1797 some dimes were struck with sixteen stars (reflecting Tennessee's admission as the 16th state) and some with thirteen, symbolizing the thirteen original states. Such dies were prepared after the Mint abandoned the idea of adding an extra star for each new state.
Legend has it that Liberty's portrait was based on a drawing of Philadelphia socialite Ann Willing Bingham, one of the most beautiful women of her time. The drawing was prepared by portraitist Gilbert Stuart—reportedly at the urging of President George Washington himself, who felt the early coins were in need of artistic improvement. Stuart's sketch was translated to plaster by artist John Eckstein, and the dies were then executed by Scot.
This first regular issue dime was minted for only two years. In 1798 the small, naturalistic eagle gave way to a larger heraldic version, creating a brand new type. During this brief run, the Mint produced a total of 47,396 pieces. Although Mint records show a slightly higher output in 1797, the late Walter Breen, a noted numismatic scholar, speculated that some dimes made in 1797 may have been dated 1796. Dimes dated 1797 are rarer across the grade spectrum than the first-year pieces, and particularly so in Mint State.
At least several dozen uncirculated 1796s exist—a few with prooflike surfaces, possibly made as presentation pieces for VIPs. The famed collector, Colonel E.H.R. Green, son of "The Witch of Wall Street," fabulously wealthy Hetty Green, possessed a small hoard of uncirculated 1796s, all of which were dispersed after his death in 1936.
There are only three basic varieties in the series: the 1796, the 1797 with sixteen stars and the 1797 with thirteen stars. Thus, some collectors pursue complete sets, despite the high cost of each component. Many, however, treat this as a type coin and acquire just one specimen to represent the series. When grading this design, wear will first show on Liberty's bust, shoulder and the hair above the ear and at the forehead. On the reverse, check the eagle's head and wing tops.
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle (1798-1807)
At the end of the 18th century the United States of America was just beginning to grow. Vermont achieved statehood in 1791, followed by Kentucky the next year. The western frontier was still in the eastern half of the continent, stretching from Alabama to the Ohio Valley, but that would change dramatically in the coming decade with the addition of the vast Louisiana Territory. Population growth continued to explode, fueled in part by a flood of European immigrants fleeing the Napoleonic Wars. By 1796 another territory—Tennessee—had enough permanent residents to be admitted to the Union as the sixteenth state.
Carrying on the tradition of recognizing each new state, the United States Mint's chief engraver, Robert Scot, added a sixteenth star to the coinage dies. But it didn't take long for Mint Director Elias Boudinot to realize that, as the country grew, this practice would soon get out of hand. He ordered the number of stars reduced to a more manageable thirteen, symbolizing the original colonies. While only a slight adjustment, it demonstrated just how concerned Mint officials were about the appearance of the nation's coins at the time. The new edict served a practical purpose as well, for fewer stars meant fewer die punchings, as each device was placed separately into the dies by hand.
Mint employees had been under a lot of pressure since the very beginning. Congress considered abandoning the idea of a federal mint even before it opened. There were always quality problems, both in design and execution. After the 1793 Chain cent was so severely criticized, officials became extremely sensitive to public opinion. They quickly realized that the new nation's coins must not only be of proper weight and fineness but must also look as solid and respectable as their European counterparts. To that end, Scot began to rework the coinage designs.
There were limitations, however, as to how much of an improvement could be accomplished. After all, Scot's talents as an engraver and die-sinker were modest at best, and it was his designs that were receiving much of the criticism in the first place. But a facelift was in the cards, and as chief engraver, it was Scot's show.
His Draped Bust/Small Eagle dimes, first introduced in 1796, were based on a drawing by noted portraitist Gilbert Stuart. The coin featured a draped bust of Liberty flanked by thirteen stars—six right, seven left. Although somewhat crude and certainly unfashionable by today's standards, the matronly bust was well suited to contemporary tastes: It was supposedly modeled after Mrs. William Bingham, a socialite who was considered the most beautiful and charming woman in Philadelphia. The reverse of the coin, however, was another matter. Its scrawny, hatchling eagle was widely disliked. In 1798 Scot replaced the small eagle with the scaled down version of the Great Seal of the United States that was first seen on the gold quarter eagle of 1796. This depicted a heraldic eagle with the Union Shield on its breast and a ribbon inscribed E PLURIBUS UNUM in its beak. Judging from the lack of negative comment, this new Draped Bust/Heraldic Eagle combination obviously came closer than the previous design to satisfying the objections of critics.
All dimes of this type were struck at the Philadelphia Mint. Eight years are represented in the series (no dimes were made bearing the dates 1799 or 1806), with production totaling only 422,010 pieces. The most plentiful dates, accounting for more than 65% of the total mintage, are the last two, 1805 and 1807. The rarest issues are the 1798 with thirteen-star reverse and the low mintage 1804.
Even though it was short-lived, the series has many varieties, an inherent problem of issues produced with the relatively crude technology of the Mint's early years. Major and minor design variations include overdates, differing sized date punches, thirteen- and sixteen-star reverses and four- and five-berry reverses. Curiously, Yeoman's Guide Book lists fourteen date and variety combinations, Breen's Encyclopedia lists seventeen and the bible of avid dime variety collectors, Early United States Dimes 1796-1837, lists twenty-one. So, depending on your aspirations, it's possible to have a "complete" set of Draped Bust/Heraldic Eagle dimes with anywhere from eight pieces (one for each year issued) to twenty-one pieces (the number of varieties recognized by advanced specialists).
Generally, variety devotees and date collectors pursue coins in VF to XF grade, while type collectors seek pieces grading AU or better. Mint state specimens are quite rare, but examples dated 1805 or 1807 are available with some frequency.
An explanation is in order for the rare 13 star variety of 1798. It seems that economy took precedence over all other considerations during this time. Even though thirteen stars had been mandated in 1797, before the Heraldic Eagle reverse appeared on the dime, unworn 16 star reverse dies from the 1797 quarter eagle were used for the bulk of 1798 dime production. With less than a millimeter difference in the size of the two coins, the two dies were interchangeable, and serviceable quarter eagle reverse dies would be used to strike dimes in several years.
Grading this design can be especially challenging. Striking details are often weak or non-existent in certain areas, particularly for the 1807 issue. This weakness in strike can make a high grade (XF or better) coin appear to have more wear than it actually does, in which case the coin's grade must be determined by the amount of remaining mint luster. Wear first shows on Liberty's hair above the ear and at the forehead. On the reverse, the high points are the shield, head, tail and top edges of the wings.
There are some readily identifiable lightweight counterfeits dated 1800, but counterfeits are not a particular problem with this series. Ironically though, it was the issue of counterfeiting that would ultimately lead to the demise of the design. Mint officials were continually striving for uniformity among coins as a means to discourage counterfeiting. With engraver John Reich's arrival at the Mint in 1807, more progress was made in that direction. Reich succeeded in reducing the number of individual operations needed for each working die. The Heraldic design required between 34 and 37 design elements to be added by hand. With Reich's new Capped Bust design introduced in 1809, the number dropped to 24, an obvious savings in labor. In addition, the coins were more uniform, therefore harder to counterfeit successfully. Production was greatly increased, as a quick glance at the mintages for the Capped Bust series will show.
Capped Bust, Large Diameter (1809-1828)
The first few years of the 19th century saw tremendous expansion for the fledgling United States. The Louisiana Purchase added 828,000 square miles to the nation, effectively doubling its size. Shortly after that the exploratory expedition of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark proved the feasibility of an overland route to the Far West, encouraging western settlement and commerce. The country was expanding in population, also. The new democracy attracted thousands of immigrants from all over Europe, many of whom were fleeing the Napoleonic Wars.
It was March of 1807 before the fourth Mint Director, Robert-Patterson, finally hired the German born John Reich as second engraver. Born in Fuerth, Bavaria in 1768, this talented die cutter arrived in America as an indentured laborer and settled in Philadelphia about 1800. Reich sought employment at the Mint in 1801. Though he was unable to secure a permanent position at that time, an unidentified officer of the institution recognized his talents and generously purchased his freedom.
While the infant Mint had suffered since 1792 from a shortage of qualified engravers and mechanics (and Reich was certainly qualified), Patterson's predecessor, Elias Boudinot, preferred delaying an offer of a permanent position to Reich until, as he wrote in a letter to President Thomas Jefferson, ". . . I have good evidence of his character." A more likely reason was Boudinot's reluctance to offend the aging and professionally mediocre Chief Engraver Robert Scot.
At that time the dime was still unfamiliar to most Americans. The Act of April, 1792, creating the decimal dollar, made a key component "dismes or tenths . . . a disme being a tenth part of a dollar." However, the quarter dollar fit more easily into popular usage, as it was equal to the Spanish two-reales coin, or "two bits." Its half was the Spanish silver real, equal to 12-1/2 cents. The high-silver content two-reales coins were legal tender.
Also in wide circulation but not a legal tender was a Spanish coin of inferior silver alloy struck in the 1700's. Though called two reales, it was known throughout the former colonies as a pistareen. A dime was really half a pistareen, but the new ten-cent pieces were vastly outnumbered by the widely preferred silver one-real coins, however worn they might be.
Reich began work as second engraver to Scot, receiving a salary of $600 per year. From 1807 to 1817 he performed most of the chief engraver's work without receiving the salary or prestige of the higher post. Coming aboard on April 1, he was cutting dies for his first Capped Bust coins, the 1807 half dollars, by April 2. Only after getting the half dollar, half eagle, cent and quarter eagle out of the way did Reich tackle the dime.
This era was one favoring Rubenesque beauty, as a glance at Scot's dowdy Draped Bust obverse will show. As she first appeared on the 1809 Capped Bust dime Reich's Liberty was, if anything, a trifle more streamlined than her predecessor. Fifty years later, U.S. Mint writer William Ewing DuBois would claim that the model for all these rather stout, ample-bosomed Liberties was a woman he called "Reich's fat German mistress."
The reverse bore an American eagle with head turned left, holding three arrows symbolizing strength, and an olive branch representing peace. On its breast is the Union Shield composed of six horizontal lines indicating blue, with 13 stripes below, six of these made of three vertical lines each indicating red. Such lines were an 18th century engraver's standardized method of showing colors in black-and-white engravings; blue representing dominion, red signifying force, with white denoting purity. Encircling the top of the eagle is the inscription UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and a scroll with the incuse motto E PLURIBUS UNUM. Beneath the eagle is the denomination 10 C.
Reich prepared a single, steel punch of his Liberty bust, impressing it into each working die by blows of a small hammer. He then impressed each star by eye, seven on Liberty's left, six on her right, placing the date in the space below the bust. Although known as "Large Size," these dimes should more properly be called the "Open Collar" type. They were struck without a restraining collar, giving them a broad, low-rimmed look. Averaging 1.1 millimeters smaller in diameter than the preceding Draped Bust dime, this type is only large in relation to its smaller successor issued from 1828 onward. In reality, diameters vary widely over the years.
Capped Bust dime production was not continuous, with only three dates struck while Reich was in Mint employ. Dimes were issued dated 1809, 1811, 1814, 1820 through 1825 and 1827. Large quantities were struck only in 1820, 1821 and 1827. In all, over five million pieces were minted. All dates are available, with the low mintage 1809, 1811 and 1822 being the scarcest, though all are known in gem uncirculated condition. An unknown number of proofs, actually presentation pieces, exist for the years 1820 and later. Type collectors will have no problem finding premium examples; it's mainly the variety collector who faces challenges with this series. Although variety collecting today has fewer adherents than in the past, Bust dime devotees are still quite numerous.
Die variety identification of early dimes started late. Most die varieties are identified by the position of the date, the spacing and alignment of stars, the size of 10 C. and the exact position of letters above the ends of the motto scroll. Most other denominations were carefully charted by die variety decades before any serious work was done with dimes. Popular coin books gave only major varieties such as large and small dates. The denomination finally received its in-depth study in 1984: Early United States Dimes 1796-1837, compiled by five students of the series and published by the John Reich Collectors Society.
When grading this series, take into account that weak strikes are common. On the obverse, wear will first show on the drapery at the front of the bust, the hair at the forehead and above the ear and the shoulder clasp. On the reverse, check the eagle's claws, neck, and wings.
Weary of working for his meager salary, Reich resigned on March 31, 1817, exactly ten years after beginning employment at the Mint. In 1828 Chief Engraver William Kneass introduced the close collar coining method as part of the Mint's quest for technological improvement and uniformity. The Capped Bust design was adapted to this new process, and the Small Size Capped Bust dime was born. It would be issued until 1837, when Christian Gobrecht's Seated Liberty dime was unveiled.
Capped Bust, Small Diameter
In 1823, little more than a decade after the War of 1812 in which the United States fought for its free use of the seas, President James Monroe issued a foreign policy statement which was to affect the development of the Western Hemisphere for the next century. This Monroe Doctrine expressed in no uncertain terms that the USA would not tolerate European interference, control or influence in North and South America. It was a time when the nation was feeling its political and economic "oats."
The United States Mint was gearing up to exercise its technological "muscle" also. William Kneass came aboard as chief engraver in January of 1824, and Samuel Moore as mint director later that year. Both men were charged with the task of increasing output and uniformity. To this end, in 1828 Kneass instituted a new process—minting coins within a close, reeded collar to standardize diameters. This practice also eliminated the time consuming method of manually placing reeding on the coin's edge. Greatly speeding up production, it allowed the coins to stack evenly and discouraged counterfeiting. Total design uniformity was not yet realized however, as dies still required hand punching of numbers, letters and stars, and the devices themselves were different from punch to punch.
The newly designed equipment allowed the Mint to strike planchets of greater thickness. Adhering to the specifications for coin weight and alloy prescribed by the Mint Act of 1792 required the Mint to maintain the same standards as for the thinner and larger coins previously struck. Therefore, the diameters of the half dime, dime and quarter dollar, as well as those of the quarter eagle and half eagle, were all reduced.
Though the proposed reduction in the size of the dime was from 18.8 mm to 18.5 mm, new research shows that actual diameters varied over the years. There is really no consistent distinction between the large and small size diameters, particularly from 1828 through 1834. Due to this variance, this type could more properly be called the Close Collar Capped Bust dime. The main discernible difference from the previous large size or open collar type are the small radial beads inside a raised border, as opposed to the flat, widely spaced denticles of the earlier production. The new coin was also much thicker at the edges.
The Mint's penchant for uniform designs dictated that all United States coins share one of three basic portraits of Liberty: One for copper coins, a second for silver coins and a third for gold. The Capped Bust portrait of Liberty in use when Moore became Director was the one adopted by his father-in-law, the previous mint director, Robert Patterson. After Patterson hired John Reich as second engraver in 1807, Reich proceeded to redesign all the coins then in use.
The first dime design was Robert Scot's Draped Bust/Small Eagle motif issued in 1796. It was updated in 1798 with a heraldic eagle reverse, primarily in answer to criticism of Scot's "scrawny eagle." Lack of demand, however, caused the Mint to cease production of dimes after June of 1807.
Reich's new design for the dime first appeared in 1809 and was later copied by Kneass for the reduced version. It featured a left facing bust of Liberty wearing a cap, with a diadem bearing the incused inscription LIBERTY. Thirteen stars are arrayed on the sides of the bust, with the date below. The reverse depicts an eagle with a shield on its breast, clutching arrows and an olive branch. Above the eagle are the inscriptions UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and E PLURIBUS UNUM, with the denomination 10 C. below.
The reduced size Capped Bust dime was introduced in 1828, the same year "Old Hickory," Andrew Jackson, became president. It ended its run after nine years, shortly after excessive speculation had caused the financial Panic of 1837, which resulted in a collapse in real estate, stock and commodity prices. Total mintage during this period was approximately 6,730,000 pieces. In addition, small numbers of proofs are known for each year.
As with all coins produced at the U.S. Mint during this time, there are some interesting varieties. The 1830/29 overdate and 1829 with a curled base numeral 2 in its date are the most notable. Variety collecting today, however, has few adherents. As coins have become more expensive and widely dispersed over the years, there are few collectors assembling date sets of Bust dimes, let alone variety collections. Most choose to own a representative type example. While circulated pieces are readily available for every year, this design type becomes very elusive above Mint State-64. Small numbers of exceptionally well preserved pieces do exist, however, grading as high as MS-67. The toughest dates to find in high grades are 1828 Small Date, 1830/29 and 1837.
When grading this design, highpoints on the obverse to check for wear are the drapery at the front of the bust, the hair at the forehead and above the ear and the shoulder clasp. On the reverse, check the eagle's claws, neck and wings. Weak striking is common and should not be mistaken for wear.
Since the first branch mint that produced silver coins was the New Orleans facility, which began operations in 1838, all of the dimes of this type were manufactured in Philadelphia. It is notable that the Philadelphia Mint was moved from its original building on Seventh Street to the new building at Chestnut and Juniper in 1833. The total cost of the new building, ground, machinery and fixtures was $209,230. The original mint property was then sold in 1835 as two parcels for a total price of $10,100.
Director Moore was ultimately replaced in 1835 by the person with whom-he had originally competed for the appointment, his brother-in-law Robert Maskell Patterson, son of the former Director, Robert Patterson. The younger Patterson instituted the use of steam powered presses, which greatly increased the efficiency and output of the Mint. Furthermore, he introduced the famous and long lasting Seated Liberty silver coinage designed by Christian Gobrecht, which replaced the Capped Bust dime in 1837.
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The Columbus Crew maintained their lead atop the Eastern Conference and extended the Houston Dynamo's winless streak to six league games as both teams played to a defensive stalemate that ended scoreless at Robertson Stadium on Saturday night.
Houston was celebrating Military Appreciation Night, but midfielder Brad Davis, who helped organize the event, was not fit enough to start. Lovel Palmer and Richard Mulrooney started in central midfield for Houston, with Davis coming off the bench.
The first half was a physical affair, with Brian Ching and Cam Weaver sparring with Chad Marshall and Andy Iro, their Columbus counterparts. Both teams failed to create many first half opportunities with only one shot on goal each.
In the 24th minute, Houston should have taken an early lead. Crew left back Gino Padula stepped up but could not get to a cross-field pass, and Danny Cruz blew by the Argentine. Cruz played the ball across the goal to a wide-open Ching at the far post. However, the World Cup veteran misdirected his left-footed shot in front of an empty net, as the ball sailed over the bar.
The best chance for the visitors came in the 29th minute. Robbie Rogers and Guillermo Barros Schelotto played a beautiful give-and-go, but the cross into the box by Rogers was knocked away by Dynamo 'keeper Pat Onstad as both teams entered the half scoreless.
The defensive struggle continued into the second half with the best opportunities for both sides falling in a two-minute span. Substitute Brian Mullan laid a ball perfectly into the path of Weaver in the 80th minute. The Dynamo big man's blast went mere inches wide of goal.
Just two minutes later, the Crew almost took the lead themselves. Rogers fed the ball across the box and found second-half substitute forward Steven Lenhart open at the far post. As Lenhart lined up an open shot on goal, Dynamo defender Mike Chabala came out of nowhere and made a sprawling block on Lenhart's effort.
The game ended scoreless, as both teams combined for a total of three shots on goal. Up next for the Dynamo is their SuperLiga 2010 debut against Pachuca on Thursday. Columbus hosts the Kansas City Wizards on Wednesday night for a midweek match at Crew Stadium.
Columbus Crew (8-2-4) vs. Houston Dynamo (5-7-4)
July 10, 2010 -- Robertson Stadium, Houston TX
Scoring Summary:
Columbus Crew -- William Hesmer, Frankie Hejduk (Danny O'Rourke 72), Andy Iro, Chad Marshall, Gino Padula, Eddie Gaven, Brian Carroll, Adam Moffat, Robbie Rogers, Jason Garey (Steven Lenhart 66), Guillermo Barros Schelotto (Emmanuel Ekpo 89).
Substitutes Not Used: Andy Gruenebaum, Eric Brunner, Emilio Renteria, Shaun Francis.
Houston Dynamo -- Pat Onstad, Andrew Hainault, Bobby Boswell, Eddie Robinson, Mike Chabala, Danny Cruz (Brian Mullan 63), Richard Mulrooney, Lovel Palmer, Corey Ashe (Brad Davis 68), Brian Ching, Cam Weaver.
Substitutes Not Used: Tally Hall, Luis Angel Landin, Dominic Oduro, Adrian Serioux, Craig Waibel.
Misconduct Summary:
HOU -- Andrew Hainault (caution; Reckless Foul) 73
CLB -- Gino Padula (caution; Reckless Tackle) 88
Referee: Michael Kennedy
Referee's Assistants: Chris Strickland; Kermit Quisenberry
4th official: Terry Vaughn
Attendance: 13,486
Weather: Sunny-and-88-degrees
All statistics contained in this boxscore are unofficial

subset: commoncrawl


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"This is Not Journalism; It is Marketing": Prof. Jeff McCall '76 on Lottery Coverage
December 18, 2012
"The sensationalized coverage of the record Powerball jackpot demonstrated again how superficial the broadcast news agenda has become," writes Jeffrey McCall, professor of communication at DePauw University, in an Indianapolis Star op-ed. "The hyped-up coverage wasn't so much news as it was shameless promotion for a government-sponsored tax that disproportionately takes money from lower-income Americans."
The media critic and author of Viewer Discretion Advised: Taking Control of Mass Media Influences observes, "Once it became clear the Powerball jackpot would hit record levels, TV stations went into overdrive. No doubt every local newscast in the 42 states that collectively sponsor Powerball contained lottery news, often as the lead story. The coverage was characterized by reports reporters talking about lottery excitement and interviewing ticket buyers at convenience stores. Other stories reported all the luxuries that could be bought with the $500 million, along with the best systems for choosing lucky numbers. Instructions were given about how to organize friends and coworkers to buy tickets in groups and then share the winnings. Anchors talked about buying their own tickets, essentially endorsing this state-sponsored racket. They reminded viewers of the deadline for purchasing tickets."
In Dr. McCall's view, "This is not journalism; it is marketing. It is shining up to lottery executives who already spend millions each year on those television stations, advertising to push state-sponsored gambling. This coverage is value-added publicity for the lottery, which gets promotional time in newscasts for free. Television news' lottery obsession sends the rhetorical message to viewers that Powerball 'frenzy' is more important than the education of their kids, employment of their neighbors, or funding of their government."
McCall writes that national news outlets were not immune to "Powerball fever." He points out, "Largely missing from this reporting of lottery frenzy was any notion of the futility of playing the lottery. The odds of winning are impossibly long. Only about 60 percent of money dumped in the lottery ever returns to players in prizes, the rest goes to state coffers. The return rate for most games in Vegas is more than 90 percent, so the lottery looks like robbery in comparison. Lotteries are marketed by state governments as get-rich-quick miracles. TV journalists, who are supposed to be surrogates of the public, play along in distributing this narcotic."
In conclusion, the professor declares, "This lottery 'news' isn't relevant to the majority of viewers. Estimates are that fewer than a third of Americans ever play lotteries. For the rest, the lottery is just a curiosity ... This kind of 'news' appeals to the television industry because it's easy to cover and saves doing the hard work of real reporting."
Access the complete column at College News.org.
A 1976 graduate of DePauw and the faculty adviser to student radio station WGRE, Jeff McCall is frequently called upon by major news outlets to discuss media matters and was quoted earlier this month in TIME magazine and the Arizona Republic. The Star also recently published McCall's op-ed on media coverage of the 2012 presidential campaign.
Source: Indianapolis StarBack


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An All-Pie Thanksgiving Revisited
I once wrote a piece for the New York Observer advocating the nation skip the turkey, stuffing, and sweet potatoes, and opt for an all pie Thanksgiving meal. A meal consisting of, say, half a dozen pies would indeed be one that serious eaters would be thankful for.
To encourage serious eaters everywhere to take up my all pie Thanksgiving cause I am going to try to guide readers and users to the best pies available, both in New York, via mail order, and elsewhere (later this week)...
A list of my preferred pie bakers and purveyors in and around New York, along with a not entirely positive assessment of one of New York's best-known pie bakeries. Also, a word about pie prices in New York. Pies have become ridiculously expensive in this town. I had a $27 pumpkin pie from a branch of Kitchenette called Homemade on the upper west side that was boring, flavorless, and downright awful.
Yura & Co. 1650 Third Ave. (92nd St.) 212-860-8060.:Yura's ready to bake apple cider pie can (if you choose to) convince your guests that you baked the Yura pie yourself. This is the only pie you can buy that will fill your house with that irresistable just baked apple pie perfume.
Other pies available: Pumpkin, Sweet Potato-Pecan. Serious Eats Pie Ranking: #2
Two Little Red Hens, 1112 8th Ave. (11th St.) 718-499-8108, 1652 Second Ave. (85th St.) 212-452-0476: Christina Winkler worked long and hard on getting her crust right, and she succeeded. Her shortening and butter crust is spot on, flaky, moist and irresistable.
Pies available: Apple, Apple Crumb, Apple-Cranberry, Fall Medley, Pumpkin, Sweet-Potato Pecan, Chocolate-Pecan Pie, Buttermilk Chess
I think that Two Little Red Hens may be the best all-around pie shop in New York. Serious Eats Ranking: #1
Eli's Manhattan, 1411 Third Avenue (81st St.),212-717-8100 ,Eli's Vinegar Factory, 431 E. 91st St (bet. First and York) 212-987-0885.: Eli Zabar's apple pie is more like a cross between a traditional apple pie and a tarte tatin. The apples are cooked before they go into the pie, and have that delicious caramelized taste the apples have in a tarte tatin. The reasonably delicate lattice crust is a nice little bonus. Other pies sold here: Pecan, Pumpkin
Fairway, 2127 Broadway (74th St.) 212-595-1888: The irascible, idiosyncratic Mitchel London is back at the culinary helm at Fairway, and serious eaters everywhere should rejoice. Mitchel's apple pie is a mile high and filled with just firm enough, cooked apples. I wish his crust was flakier, though. Fairway carries many kinds of pies at Thanksgiving. You have to ask for Mitchel's pies to make sure you're getting the right ones. Other Mitchel London pies available: Pecan, Pumpkin
Soutine, 104 W. 70th St. (just west of Columbus Ave.) 212-496-1450: Madge Rosenberg is a first-rate pie baker and human being. In her postage stamp-sized bakery she turns out very good pies. What's available: Apple, Pumpkin, Cranberry-Cherry, Key Lime. Serious Eats Pie Ranking: #5
Little Pie Company The pies at LPC are decent, don't get me wrong. The sour cream apple walnut is often imitated AND duplicated,. The last double-crusted apple pie I bought at the LPC in Grand Central was ice cold, had a truly awful crust that was stiff as a board( perhaps because it was covered in plastic wrap). I wouldn't wait on line for these pies. You shouldn't, either.
Clinton Street Baking Company, 4 Clinton St. (bet. E. Houston and Stanton Sts.) 646-602-6263: Neil Kleinberg quietly turns out some of the best comfort food and baked goods in the city. Pies available:
Organic Apple Crumb, Maple Bourbon Pecan
Wimps, 29 W. 125th St. 212-410-2296: When Georgie and James Bryant packed up their doughnut fryers and closed Georgie's Bakery, and the Better Crust Bakery also closed its doors, it was left to Wimp's to pick up the Harlem pie slack. Preferred Pies: Sweet Potato, Coconut Custard, Apple Crumb Pie
Sweet Melissa's Patisserie 276 Court St. (Douglass), Carroll Gardens, 718-855-3410, 175 7th Ave. (1st and 2nd Sts), Park Slope, 718-502-9153. Melissa makes excellent pies, and even better butterscotch pudding. Pies available: Apple, Maple-Pecan, Pear-Cranberry with Ginger Snap crust, Chocolate Bourbon Pecan. Serious Eats Pie Ranking: #3
Briermere Farms 4414 Sound Ave. Riverhead, LI, 631-722-3931: North Fork summer and year-round residents can't imagine a Thanksgiving without Briermere Farms pies, with good reason. The crust is flaky and the fillings are much more fruit than goop. What's available: Just about every pie variety on the planet. Serious Eats Pie Ranking: #4
Round Swamp Farm, 184 3 Mile Harbor Rd. East Hampton, LI, 631-324-4438: Round Swamp Farms may make the most expensive pies in the universe, but their East End customers know they may be worth taking a second mortgage out for. Pies available: Pumpkin, Cranberry-Apple Crumb, Pecan, Apple Crumb, TriBerry Crumb.
There are other pies worth considering. Has anyone ever ordered a pie from wichcraft? Karen DeMasco is one of the country's great bakers, so I bet her pies are pretty damned fine. What about One Girl Cookies in Brooklyn at 68 Dean St. (212) 675-4996? Rob Patronite and Robin Raisfeld wrote glowingly of One Girl's apple pie last year in New York Magazine, but I don't know how much passion they have for pie. Has anyone ever had a pie from Duane Park Patisserie? Madeline Lanciani makes the city's best apple turnovers, so it stands to reason that she also makes a mean apple pie. If we're going to convince the city and the country that my all-pie Thanksgiving is a good idea, we need as many first-rate pie bakers as possible. Any nominees?
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Event detail
At the Illusionists Table
Performing Arts - Other | July 20 – August 3, 2019 every Saturday | 8:30-10:30 p.m. | Grace Street Showroom
4629 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609
Scott Silven
Pick a number. Think of a word. Draw a picture. Beginning with a series of seemingly innocuous questions and simple tasks, the brilliant mentalist, performer, and storyteller Scott Silven conjures up a world of mystery and illusion in his intimate dinner-theater performance. Silven's "guests" at this elegant candlelit dinner partyonly 28 people per seatingwill be treated to a three-course meal, including whiskey, and a jaw-dropping glimpse into the unknown. The show comes to Berkeley after a smash-hit Off-Broadway run and sold-out world tour.
Please note: No one under the age of 15 will be admitted.
All Audiences, Alumni, Faculty, Friends of the University, General Public, Staff, Students - Graduate
All Audiences
No one under the age of 15 will be admitted.
Tickets go on sale May 30. Buy tickets online or by calling 510-642-9988


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Alaska's River Wrangellers
Guided Alaska salmon and trout fishing trips in the Copper River basin. We guide sportfishing for Copper River area king ( Chinook) salmon, red ( sockeye ) salmon, silver ( coho) salmon and rainbow trout on the Gulkana River, Klutina River and Tonsina River. Headquarters in Copper Center, Alaska.
Alaska Scenic and whitewater river raft / rafting trips to class IV whitewater in the Copper River area and adjacent to the Wrangell St. Elias National Park. Multi-day wilderness riverraft / rafting trips on the "National Wild And Scenic" Gulkana River and the Klutina River, Tazlina River, Tonsina River and Copper River.


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Case Study: Pharma streamlines marketing supply chain
A Nordic-based, global pharmaceutical company wanted to save money on marketing to doctors and consumers. By shining the microscope on its operations, the company realized it had 60 separate marketing suppliers.
So the company got to work. Consolidating the marketing supply chain and choosing a single supplier saved more than 25 percent on marketing campaigns and provided better creative materials and improved compliance.


text: Prices not applicable in Quebec. Price represents the Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP). Price excludes environmental excise fees (where applicable), freight, PDE (full tank of fuel, floor mats and installed block heater cord (where applicable)), air and tire levies, licence, registration, insurance, duties, and applicable taxes. Dealer may charge additional administration fees, which may vary by dealer. Dealership may sell for less. Equipment, specifications and price are subject to change without notice.


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It's the summer of homebrewers. Or, more accurately, it's the summer they're stepping out.
Starting in about a week, when BRU Beer will open its first taps, three new breweries will emerge in Boulder County's already busy beer scene. BRU, Twelve Degree and Gravity Brewing represent different styles, from Belgian to big beers to anything and everything. But they share common roots: All three are headed by longtime homebrewers who've decided to make the leap from hobby to business.
In fact, for Ian Clark, selling his beer is almost a necessity at this point. He's just out of room.
"My basement is full of hundreds and hundreds of bottles of beer," he says. "On shelves and on the floor — many, many different batches."
Clark, the head chef at Centro Latin Kitchen and the man behind BRU, says he ultimately decided he needed to start selling to match his production.
For Jon Howland, the founder of Twelve Degree Brewing, a trip to Belgium kicked off a homebrewing interest and a lifelong passion about 15 years ago. He says no location is set in stone, but Twelve Degree is aiming for a summer opening.
It's also been 15 years of homemade beer for John Frazee, president of Louisville's Gravity Brewing. Frazee says Gravity will open in Louisville this summer.
These are some dudes who love their beer, right? Clark says, well, not really.
"I don't actually drink very much," he says. Strange. Really strange. If you don't drink a lot, why brew at home?
Because, Clark says, the process is the best part.
"It's a very therapeutic process for me," he says. "It's something that, the first time I made the very first batch, and I was like, 'Oh my God, this is cool.'" The brewers aren't in it for the money. They even plan to keep their day jobs. The three say they make beer because they love it — the product and the process.
"It's just sort of magical," Howland says. "I just love the idea of creating something original and unique and something that people can enjoy."
Clark says he enjoys experimentation. "The ability to play around, see what you can come up with, see what your passion pushes you toward — it's been fun," he says.
"Brewing is an art," Frazee says, "but we enjoy the scientific side of it."
Howland agrees. "It's very creative, but it's very technical, too," he says. "It's a beautiful combination of cooking and chemistry."
The trio's fortunate to be in Boulder, they say, because its beer scene is so lively. Howland says Boulder's the right place for a craft brewery.
"With the craft beer culture in Boulder County," he says, "it just felt like at some point I just couldn't not do it."
Clark says that culture is a powerful one, but it's also welcoming.
"I just hope to be a part of this killer beer scene. It's hard not to be incredibly excited about beer," he says.
He isn't concerned about a crowded market because Boulderites are so often willing to try new and different brews, he says.
And all three are definitely going to be different. Each brewer is working on his particular niche. For Frazee, that means going big.
"We enjoy making the bigger beers," he says. "We'll have session beers, but we do like the big Belgian beers, the big IPAs."
Belgians are home territory for Twelve Degree.
"I'm doing all Belgian style," Howland says. "There's a unique process. … The yeast does its thing and you end up with these amazing spicy and fruity flavors that are just really special."
Clark, meanwhile, makes beers like a chef: adding ingredients to emphasize tastes. He adds dates and caramelized sugar to his brown ale and fresh lemon zest and juniper berries to his IPA.
"My wife calls them 'chef beers,'" he says, "because of the use of those ingredients."
Clark's BRU will be first out of the gate this spring and summer. He says his as-yet-unnamed brown ale will be tapped April 9 at Centro, while The West End Tavern will start pouring his IPA, named Citrum, around the same date.
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Title Page | Collection Summary | Biographical/Organizational Note | Scope and Contents | Arrangement
Collection Summary
|Josephus Daniels papers, 1829-1948
|Span Dates
|Bulk Dates
|(bulk 1913-1921)
|ID No.
|Daniels, Josephus
|331,000 items ; 934 containers plus 2 oversize ; 373.8 linear feet ; 399 microfilm reels
|Collection material in English
|Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
|Diplomat, journalist, and secretary of the navy. Correspondence, diaries, speeches and writings, and papers of the Daniels, Bagley, Seabrook, and Worth families and other material. The bulk of the collection relates to events and policy decisions during Daniels's service as secretary of the navy during the administration of Woodrow Wilson, but also concerns his career as editor of the Raleigh News & Observer, his work with the Democratic Party, and his role as ambassador to Mexico.
|Finding Aid Permalink
|Cite or bookmark this finding aid as: https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms010320
|LCCN Permalink
|LC Online Catalog record for this collection: https://lccn.loc.gov/mm75017715


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Flash Kids
Catching The Fog Reading Comprehension
Classics Suggested Reading
This charming series features classic stories from beloved children's novels rewritten in a simple style. Now even the youngest readers can enjoy many of the world's favorite tales. Favorites include: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Jungle Book, Treasure Island, and more.
Ages: 5 to 7
Classic Starts
For those who are a little older and more advanced in their reading skills, the Classic Starts series presents classic tales in easy to understand, short stories.
Ages: 7 to 9
Illustrated Classics Series
Illlustrated by Robert Ingpen, this beautiful series of illustrated classics will delight young readers and parents alike. From all-time favorites to seasonal stories like A Night Before Christmas, this series will continue to delight for years to come.
Ages: 10+
Reading Comprehension


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Imagine the Fun Blog Kids love to learn through play. We want to help facilitate and foster a life long love of learning through fun games, educational toys and hands-on activities. uuid:916eb315-22d6-4abf-a4d0-2257cfff6923;id=33 © 2020 & Trademarks Licensed by imaginetoys.com. All Rights Reserved. 2014-01-14T14:13:23-06:00 ImagineToys.com http://www.imaginetoys.com firstname.lastname@example.com ImagineToys.com http://www.imaginetoys.com firstname.lastname@example.com http://www.imaginetoys.com/blog/toy-of-the-week-baby-handprint-kit Toy of the Week – Baby's Handprint Kit Capture your child's handprint and you'll always remember just how little they were and how quickly... 2013-12-02T06:00:00-06:00 2014-01-14T14:13:23-06:00 ImagineToys.com http://www.imaginetoys.com email@example.com ImagineToys.com http://www.imaginetoys.com email@example.com
As you watch your newborn baby grown and explore the world around them, you are treated to an unlimited amount of new memories that you can treasure forever. But while these experiences may stay within your mind for you to cherish, it is equally important for you to create and gather physical representations of the beginning of your baby's life.

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Looking back on our own days as children, it is almost impossible for us to imagine that we too were once that small, fragile, and dependent on others for nurturing and warmth. After all, we now have the blessing of taking care of another human being, one that now relies on us for everything they need.

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Make Memories This Season

Sharing your love and nurturing spirit with a newborn baby is one of the most wonderful experiences you may ever feel. And this week, make sure that feeling stays with you forever, and create your own baby's memories with the new addition to your family.


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Stephanie Perotti
Ubisoft wants to "improve" its relationship with PC community
Ubisoft is hoping to make huge strides in the PC market by offering greater diversity within its Uplay service.
Stephanie Perotti headlines
Ubisoft adding EA and Warner titles to Uplay service
Ubisoft will add titles from EA and Warner Brothers to its expanded Uplay service, and has announced that it will start publishing its own titles through EA's Origin service.
Free-to-play model will influence all future Ubisoft games, says CFO
The free-to-play model will influence future game created by Ubisoft, the firm's CFO Alain Martinez said during an investor's call today.
Ubisoft - brands and a level of trust are "important" when creating F2P titles
Ubisoft's worldwide director of online games, Stephanie Perotti, believes there is still a stigma attached to games which are free-to-play, and Ubisoft hopes to change the public's perception with quality offerings.
Digital FTW: Ubisoft's 20-strong catalogue rocks Paris
VG247 visited Ubisoft in Paris to take in the sights and sounds of the publisher's digital showcase and speak to Stephanie Perotti, the publisher's worldwide director of online games.
Stephanie Perotti latest
Ubisoft wants to "improve" its relationship with PC community
Free-to-play model will influence all future Ubisoft games, says CFO
Ubisoft – brands and a level of trust are "important" when creating F2P titles


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First of all, thank you to those who replied for your words. As you clearly understood, I don't feel that my beliefs instantly qualify me for insult any more than yours do. Thanks again.
Also, to Pete. Did not mean to say you were close minded. I was directing my comments toward those who chose insult rather than argument. I would love to discuss the books and other materials that you have been reading claiming the erosion of biblical reliability. I of course, have been reading the opposite, demonstrating that we gravitate, to some extent, toward what we're looking for.
To Nietsche, can't make any promises about scripture. You'll just have to skip the quotes. I'm sure you can see that, as I believe in them, the words and ideas represented therein are as important to me as they are irrelevant to you. I assure you beforehand that they are included not as the entire substance of my argument but as what you might refer to as "background information".
OK. First, I absolutely refute that Christianity (as a faith based religion) produces in me or in any other believer (outside of a mental institution) a propensity toward violence any greater than the beliefs of yourselves, your neighbors, or for that matter Mickey Mouse. My religion teaches me to value all life.
"Do not envy violent people; don't copy their ways. Such people are an abomination to the Lord, but he offers his friendship to the godly." (Proverbs 3:31-32)
I oppose war. I oppose the death penalty. I oppose abortion not only because I believe it to be murder but also because it has become a symbol to me of what happens when we throw responsibility, character and discipline out of the window in favor of the "values" of our self-centered, self-serving, morally bankrupt, drive-through convenient society. Violence or harm in the name of God is an abomination and it demonstrates to me, among other things, the differences between Christianity and other faiths found in the world.
Yes. The church has been wrong, very wrong, in the past. It's very likely that it is wrong about one or many things now. This proves only the fallibility of men and their institutions not, in my view, the basic truths of the Bible and Jesus Christ. Jesus stated that the most important commandments were to first, love the Lord your God with all your heart, all of your soul, all of your mind, and all of your strength. And second, to love your neighbor as yourself. If you live these commandments rather than following a personal agenda it becomes rather difficult for a Christian to harm anyone without harming the part of himself that he most cherishes, namely his immortal soul.
The other thing that really bugs me about this book and about unbelief in general is the world view one is left with absent God. I honestly don't know how you get through a day, let alone a year or years, without God. To me unbelief makes everything pointless to the point of absurdity. As I see it, the atheist believes that we are maggots(I don't mean to insult here, I am simply using the lowest biological life form I can think of to illiustrate my point.), inhabiting a sphere of rock, floating in space ruled by natural laws of which many are known but some are not. Can anyone enlighten me as to the point of an existence such as this? Given that our natural lives are less than a split second in the vast scope of time and that we ourselves amount to less than dust in the vastness of space, what is the point of living even one more day? Why choose to be a moral person? Why choose to do right? Why choose ANYTHING? Why not kick back and adopt the colloquialism of "shit happens"?! Why CARE about anything at all?
If our lives are reduced to a virtually instantaneous, remarkable accident of the natural world, a void is created that we cannot account for. All of us search for the meaning of life. From where does this question arise? Why would we ever begin to seek that which we were destined never to find? We wouldn't. Our (humankind's) experiences over the millenia have taught us to seek that which is outside of ourselves - that part of us that we instinctively know is there, yet we are unable to define. I and many other believers conclude that this desire arises from God. First thoughts - those seemingly without natural origination - must arise from another first. The first or prime mover.
Another of Mr. Harris' assertions is that contradiction and untruths can be found in the Bible. So I would like to challenge anyone, Mr. Harris included to:
1. Name any historical event, person etc. for which there is only one record or interpretation.
2. Name an event, person etc. that has been that has been proven to be non-existent, false, or otherwise negated solely because there exists more than one record or interpretation.
I'm betting no one can. The Bible, taken as nothing more than an historical work, has had its facts authenticated by every test and measure of reliability that any ancient text currently in existence has been subjected to. Again, as a purely historical work, separated from its divine inspiration, it is as accurate as any ancient text in existence and has been proven to be so. In fact, nothing in the Bible has been proven false. Yes. A leap of faith is required to make the Bible what it was intended to be. The preponderance of the evidence in regard to its historical content however, lends great credibility to believer's assertions of truth in those things which cannot be proven.
My beliefs require faith. Given the void created by the absence of an eternal soul however and at least the historical reliability of the Bible for unbelievers, I ask you, who's beliefs require more faith in that which cannot be proven, yours or the believers?
Aside from the conclusions of your mind what proof do you have that God does not exist? What proof do you have that you are on the right path? You see, both of our paths require faith in some measure. Yours in man and man alone - a gob of spit in the vastness of time and space. Mine in the order of God and His design, eternal and filled with purpose. Why choose to believe in nothing when you can simply choose to believe? Personally, I think you have a lot more faith than I do.
"I have come to judge the world. I have come to give sight to the blind and to show those who think they see that they are blind." (John 9:39)
I apologize for the length but you folks and this book have had my noodle churning for a week. I've got to get this out.
Anyway and finally, so why Jesus as my God and no other? Because Jesus is the only Son of the Living God. The first. The original. The only God ever to lay claim to ALL creation. The only God ever to declare Himself the alpha and the omega, continuous and eternal, without beginning and without end. The only God ever to speak directly to mankind. The only God ever to express love for all of His creation, specifically His finest creation - mankind.
Because Jesus Christ rose from death on the third day. The documentation for which can be found in the Gospel accounts which, in the case of Mark, can be dated to as early as 30-40 years after the event, much too early for corruption by "legendary" accounts.
Because Jesus Christ is the way, the truth, and the life and the only way to the Father is through Him.
Because (perhaps most importantly as related to our discourse) God and Jesus are one. Despite Mr. Harris' assertion that Jesus never claimed to be divine, or to be God, I give you the best and most clear assertion in the Bible that refutes Mr. Harris' claim. "The Father and I are one." (John 10:30) There are many, many other references by Jesus in regard to himself as the Son of Man, the Lamb of God, the Messiah etc. etc.
Well, I'm very glad to have gotten this out to you. I genuinely look forward to your responses. Might be a couple of days before I get back. I will try to respond individually. JF
Mr .Freak,
Thanks for taking the time to construct an eloquent response. Unfortunately, from my perspective, you have broken all of the rhetorical rules I suggested, so I feel unable to engage with you in any meaningful way. I just can't see the point of debating this with you if you are going to use the bible as self-supporting evidence.
There is one issue that might be worth discussing. It seems to me that many religious people have faith because they need a reason 'why'. They need to understand the point of existence. There is an underlying assumption that there must be a 'greater purpose' for our existence. While I applaud the search for reason, I think it naive and egotistical to assume that there must be a purpose. It seems much more likely to me that there is no big reason: we just exist becasue we have evolved, and that's it. Someday we will die and someday our species will become extinct - shhit happens.
The religious need for some greater purpose is the fuel that drives the imagination of man to invent all manner of fantastic stories. Remove the necessity for a greater purpose and you can free your mind of all the internal inconsistencies that religious belief requires. It's a liberating experience, trust me.
One last point - your assetion that christianity is somehow less guilty of crimes against humanity is a very insular and brainwashed perspective. OK, it wasn't a christian who blew up the twin towers, but guess what - there have been atrocities before and after 9/11. The obsession with 9/11 seems to mask the history of christian intolerance - its only a few hundred years since the spanish inquisition, a blink of the eye in historical terms. The US is bombing the crap out of a few middle-eastern countries, on flimsy, religious-inspired grounds. As a christian, you have to take responsibility for this. And please don't use the cop-out argument that its the humans that cause the problems and god is innocent - humans do it in the service of their god, so the cause they serve must take responsibility. Hearing voices in your head is not good grounds for commiting a crime.
I tried to skip the scripture quotes, but they just made me sigh at the pointlessness of the whole discussion.
Hey, Jesus:
I'm glad we are on a first-name basis, you and I, makes conversation easier.
Also, to Pete. Did not mean to say you were close minded. I was directing my comments toward those who chose insult rather than argument. I would love to discuss the books and other materials that you have been reading claiming the erosion of biblical reliability. I of course, have been reading the opposite, demonstrating that we gravitate, to some extent, toward what we're looking for.
I am sure you feel the above paragraph is totally in keeping with a state of "open mindedness." I call your attention to the last sentence, where you say that you have been "reading the opposite." There are many, many books written by Christian and non-christian authors alike that question not only the historical accuracy, but also the traditional beliefs of the origins of sections of the bible. Of course you are not reading them, you do not seek them out. Two I can suggest to you as a place to start are: "Who Wrote the Bible," and "The Jesus Puzzle." Both are available on Amazon, both are written by respected biblical scholars, and both question traditional beliefs. There are hundreds more, these are just two that come to mind. Seek and ye shall find, and there is only one principle that guarantees to leave a man in total ignorance, and that is contempt prior to investigation. I have read everything I can find, representing all views, and have drawn my OWN conclusions.
In spite of what you said, there is absolutely no historical or archaeological confirmation of anything in the bible prior to the early Jewish kingdoms in Israel. For instance, there is no record (and there should have been) of the sojourn in Egypt. I don't want to nitpick, and I am not going to debate anything with you until you do some of your own research., but there are a couple of things I would like to say.
Where did the water come from? This was a question I asked of my minister many years ago, as he was trying to explain the flood. Where DID the water come from? If it came from "above," how did it get through the atmosphere?
How does on reconcile the nativity stories in matt and luke? They are completely different, and the story about the murdering of babies is preposterous! Herod never would have gotten away with it, and it certainly would have been recorded. The other story never mentions it, so I guess it never happened.
Several times in your post, you tossed out portions of the Christian myth as though they were facts like..oh….the time it takes one radioisotope to decay into another.
Because Jesus Christ rose from death on the third day. The documentation for which can be found in the Gospel accounts which, in the case of Mark, can be dated to as early as 30-40 years after the event, much too early for corruption by "legendary" accounts.
That is the earliest possible dating of mark, but it could also have been written as late as 80. It certainly wasn't written by anyone familiar with Palestine, there are too many wrong names of towns and even lakes. And I might point out that there are many death and resurrection myths in history, and the Jesus myth is only the best-known. In fact, most of the Jesus myth also appears in other cultures prior to the gospels.
I don't wish to throw stones at you, you are certainly well-intentioned, and I am positive that you really believe that you know what is best for us. I have one more suggested book for you: the Science of Good and Evil." It discusses the ethics question you raised, and suggests we are better off without organized religion. I agree, this discussion is pointless.
Freak, you said that:
The other thing that really bugs me about this book and about unbelief in general is the world view one is left with absent God. I honestly don't know how you get through a day, let alone a year or years, without God. To me unbelief makes everything pointless to the point of absurdity.
I would respond to you that if you look at the world and find everything absurb, you have not looked hard enough.
God is the easy answer, the egotistical answer. God answers the question for you, personally, and therein lies the problem. Everyone thinks "their" God is answering "them". What explains the mental attitude of the Crusades, if not a belief in God? The ages old "war" between the Muslims and Christians…both devout believers, but their faiths allow them to see the others as "less" than human. Slavery was justified by "Godly" people.
Repression of women is justified by "Godly" people. Anyone can say anything and claim their "faith" or their "God" tells them this. Surely you can see this point.
While there indeed are many people of faith that don't abuse their faith to repress, subjugate, or dehumanize people that don't believe or profess belief as they do, the problem is the potential for abuse is there. And because religion is a self-encapsulated system, it has always defeated logic and reason by using an unfair escape system, ie..it has begged the questions by mere ascertation of being a higher power and immune.
Now, to feelings.
In my journey through life, I found several concepts that were mind-boggling. I would like to show them to you.
1. First off lets look at the existance of life. There are so many finite variables to have life as we know it on a universal scale. Our solar system's existance depended on the nova of a super-star to form. Earth's existance depended on a Jupiter to form to protect from bombardment, liquid water depends on distance formed from the sun, atmosphere depends on a magnetic field. There are a handful of others we have identified. However, as there are billions of galaxies and stars, the odds are that these same variables could be repeated elsewhere. Therefore although we are probably not the only life in the universe, we are statistically special.
2. Evolution of sentient life, takes ages. Our evolution to sentience depended on the wipe out of the repitilian species, although we probably would have made it anyway, their demise increased the odds for mamilian based life. Even with that, the enviromental pressures that led us to stand up and go walkabout, and respond to pressures by developing a complex brain were also important. More than one kind of sentient life developed too, humans were not the only species produced, but we were the one that made it all the way. The others fell to extinction, possibly partly from direct competition with us. So, once again we are statistically special.
3. The history of the development of humans. From the time we started speaking we have been progressing. The capacity for abstract thought, for language, for writing, have propelled us rapidly and we adapt fast to the changes we ourselves have made. That is the key, our capacity to adapt. We continue to push for knowledge of the unknown, and this is not a bad thing, in fact it is our salvation. Every life that has gone before us has led us where we are now.
So here we are, alive, technologically capable, pushing the boundaries of our knowledge, and this is a glorious thing isn't it?
Meanwhile, out in the universe, challenges to our existance are waiting.
Comets, asteroids, the loss of earths magnetic field. Isn't it in the interests of life to push our knowledge even farther so that we may find ways to adapt to universal changes? Isn't that our job? Is it possible that finding the code to genes to make us able to to quickly adapt to and survive without waiting for the slow pace of evolution a probable necessity?
Religion, with its emphasis on a creator saving our asses, removes responsiblity for our own survival from us. Some religions teach "oh give it up, you can't do it, just lay down and die". Some religions actively impede the science we may need to survive the future. And the promise of an afterlife makes some dogmatic thinkers feel that they are justified in not worrying about our survival as a stastical anomaly.
So, to summarize, religion is bad. It offers us ways to bury our head in the sand and call on a fictious Daddy to save us. It gives justification to dehumanization. It makes the afterlife of which there is no proof, the goal of life, of which there is ample proof. It removes the responsiblity of the condition of our existance from us, and hands it over to a higher power, which TBH we havent seen a single sign from since we lost our superstition.
Now, close your eyes, and see the majesty and the greatness of the species you are a part of. Forget about heaven, and hell. Contemplate the meaning of eternity and infinity. It is quite far from absurb.
Of course this means that YOU as a person are insignificant. It's not about you. It's about US. It's about life and the meaning of life, to begat more life, to continue to evolve, to change, to adapt.
Now you could say there was a force directing all this, and that I admit is possible, not likely but possible. But does he care about YOU? Does this force even have a human based personality? Is it even a HE? Can we call it a Diety? Is gravity a diety? Is electricity? Do they have personalities?
Is this force in Hinduism, Buddahism, Christianity, Islam? Is it in the Catholic church or the Protestants? Will science one day find and identify this force?
I have faith in US, because I have seen what WE can do. Anything that impedes US, is a bad thing.
My proverbial two bits:
Christianityis an anti-biotic for a disease known as God.
God comes along with the good news that he isn't going to burn everyone for eternity. Thanks, big guy.
Occam's Razor: where there has not been a perceptive cognition there cannot be an abstract cognition i.e. if you haven't tasted it, smelt it, seen it, touched it or heard it you cannot make any kind of statement about it. The L.A. Times printed a letter of mine recently wherein in I addressed a religious man's assertions (written in a previous article i.e. the author told us that god was a male, that he loved us, that he got out of the flood game after Noah, etc.)—here are two sentences from that letter: "Assertions without proof belie the asserter. Faith isn't meant to be duct tape, after all." Are we to use this thing called "faith" to keep shoddy workmanship from falling apart?
If the only thing that gives your life meaning and comfort is a series of fables and myths written by denizens of the Middle East three and two thousand years ago, I suggest it is not faith that guides you but laziness. You found a god who fit into your schedule and your spiritual limitations, and now you build forts to protect the flimsy contents. If you truly love God, let go—you've put the whole mystery of the Universe in a rhetorical prison and yet you call it love. Pah!
Tainted; putrid.
Venal; dishonest.
Lacking in integrity
To taint; contaminate.
Alter from the original.
To ruin morally; pervert.
Containing errors or alterations.
To change the original form of .
To cause to become rotten; spoil.
To damage data in a file or on a disk.
Place under suspicion or cast doubt upon.
Abounding in errors; not genuine or correct.
Not straight; dishonest or immoral or evasive.
To waste, spoil, or consume; to make worthless.
To destroy or subvert the honesty or integrity of.
Marked by immorality and perversion; depraved.
To draw aside from the path of rectitude and duty.
Make illegal payments to in exchange for favors or influence.
Containing errors or alterations, as a text: a corrupt translation.
Changed from a sound to a putrid state; spoiled; tainted; vitiated; unsound.
To change from a sound to a putrid or putrescent state; to make putrid; to putrefy.
To change from good to bad; to vitiate; to deprave; to pervert; to debase; to defile.
Changed from a state of uprightness, correctness, truth, etc., to a worse state; vitiated; depraved; debased; perverted; as, corrupt language; corrupt judges;corrupt text.
"To know ourselves diseased is half our cure." - Alexander Pope
Mr. Freak how can you believe in 'sin' and not corruption? How can you believe that any text handed down over 2000 thousand years has never been altered from its original meaning? How can you believe that words, symbols for concepts, meanings do not evolve? Are we still speaking Latin? Where does it say in the bible that God's hand, (a mammalian appendage) wrote the Bible?
I knew a Jesus Freak who said the devil made dinosaur bones to fool mankind. If the devil can physically manufacture evidence how can we be sure of anything? since anything or everything could be manufactured by the devil. Perhaps you will be the arbiter of what is made by God and what is made by the devil. While staunch American soldiers are in league with God, Iraqi insurgents (terrorists) are in league with the devil?
In California two days ago an American soldier ambushed 2 law officers killing one, injuring another and being killed himself. To him death was better than having to return to Iraq. Their have been at least a half a dozen soldiers returning from Iraq that have committed murder upon their return and a half dozen that have been killed in altercations. These soldiers have been taught to kill. When they all come back you better hope that you or your righteous brothers do not become civilian casualties. And I do not think God is going to forgive George Bush no matter what he thinks.
[quote author="Iisbliss"]the promise of an afterlife makes some dogmatic thinkers feel that they are justified in not worrying about our survival
Any religion that promises 'life' after death is a religion that worships death as more important than life.
lawrence said, "Any religion that promises 'life' after death is a religion that worships death as more important that life."
How true. Christianity and Islam are both religions of death. Not only that they are also promotors of the things that go along with death: torture, suffering, bleeding, etc. (just ask Mel Gibson - he's a great advocate of all these religious graces).
For a second ponder the symbol of Christianity - why it's the cross. A device designed to maximize the torture and the suffering of those who unwillingly participate in its rituals. How sweet, to see this brutalizing, horrifying, grotesque artifact dangling from the necks of christians around the world. It really gives you a sense of awe. If Jesus had appeared in the 18th Century, why we'd have little guillotines strung from our throats, it just chokes one up!
Paul Henri Thiry Holbach (1750?) "The cross was the banner under which madmen assembled to glut the earth with blood." Oh, we should give little crosses to every school girl and boy, to remind them of what stands for Christianity.
It really makes one shudder to even consider for a second the pure madness invloved.
The Cross is also a unifying symbol, and hardly abstruse. The Crossroads, the center of the Cardinal points, the Metaphorical Still Point in a universe that does not stand still, this symbol holds more mystery than most religious adherents have ever imagined. The Sun Door, the Christ Heart, the orienting principle, the at-one-ment between Life and Death—it's all there, along with Roman crudity. Did Math leave the Poets or did the Poets leave the Math?
Raitionalists have to know more than fabulists partly because knowledge only adds to reason. A rationalist also must know that there is nothing to "prove" to someone who uses reason inconsistently. The foundation of any argument can start to move like a teeter-totter, and belief starts to think its a rodeo star.
"Jesus Freak": I certainly respect your feelings and opinions. I don't agree with you, but I admire your willingness to express your thoughts.
I have my owh theory as to the God myth, which I wont bore you with, but the idea of the necessity of a creator is an interesting one to ponder.
Assuming the need for a creator, then to me it's only logical to ask, well then, what created the creator. If you then respond well it is, was and always will be, is there any reason that the totality (which we have called the universe) couldn't have the same conditions?


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This site is the archived OWASP Foundation Wiki and is no longer accepting Account Requests.
To view the new OWASP Foundation website, please visit https://owasp.org
Atlanta Member Meeting 10.13.10
October 2010 Meeting
WHAT:: October Chapter Meeting - Rapid development of web security tools using SpiderSense
WHEN:: October 13th 2010 - 7-9PM
WHERE:: Room # 053, College of Computing, Georgia Tech | Maps and Directions
WHO:: Steve Millar, GTRI
Steve Millar is a Senior Research Engineer with the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). He is interested in .NET and all things on the web. So, building web tools is a passion that he simply cannot ignore. Steve is interested in building a high-performance framework for rapidly constructing any kind of web tool that can be imagined by humans. He is also keenly interested in building a thriving community around this code and overall concept. In a former life, Steve was the lead architect and SW development manager for HP's WebInspect product line where he spent a lot of time obsessing over how to automate web security tasks inside a large, complex, multi-threaded application. Hopefully he learned enough to help make this simpler for less obsessed people. Steve also thinks it is strange to refer to himself in the third person.
Web Security tools are everywhere and they come in multiple flavors from freely downloadable binaries to open source libraries to commercial application suites. Unfortunately, they never seem to do exactly what you need and they are not always easy to extend or configure. Wouldn't it be nice if the tools were inter-operable, easy to construct (think Lego blocks) and high-performance? Something more useful than just a few Python scripts and a prayer. Georgia Tech's Cyber Technology and Information Security Lab is on a mission to provide such a tool framework.
SpiderSense is a .NET code library and suite of tools that enables rapid development of web security tools and data mining applications. The core pillars of SpiderSense are a high performance web crawler, a modular and extensible analysis engine and pluggable content parsers. These modules can be combined quickly and flexibly to create data gathering and discovery tools. SpiderSense also enables the crafting of non-standard HTTP payloads that can be used in automated penetration testing and web-based exploitation. The framework also uses a plug-in analysis model to allow experimentation with a broad range of analysis algorithms. If you can do it with HTTP then you can do it with SpiderSense.
We will show just a few slides to outline the problem then quickly dive into SpiderSense starting with demonstrations of a few tools and finishing with a discussion of architecture, community and the development roadmap. Hopefully we can get some good brain-storms to occur around the topics of cool features and ways for the community to contribute. The speaker also wants to walk away with some great ideas about possible extensibility points from the audience. Bring your thinking cap and your good ideas about web tools and we'll roll up our sleeves and talk code!
Presentation:: DOWNLOAD


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Swift water rescue teams pull drivers to safety
Across our area, morning flash floods caused problems for people headed to work.
Highway 264 in Highfill had several spots covered with flash flood waters.
Smaller cars had to carefully cross.
"When the National Weather Service says, 'turn around don't drown,'--well it's cars like these they want to avoid getting swept away in flash flooding conditions," our reporter said.
"We had a pretty significant rain fall event in over a short amount of time and that's what's caused a majority amount of the flooding," said Capt. Jeremey Criner, with the Rogers Fire Department.
Up in the road in Rogers, Rainbow Road was closed due to high water.
Members of the Rogers Fire Department's Special Operations Team were called in to make swift water rescues when the waters rose.
"We saw one vehicle that was stranded on a bridge, there was no water impeding it at the time, we were able to make access to one vehicle, the occupant was uninjured. We noticed that there was another vehicle just to the north of there that was submerged partially in water. We were able to make access to that victim and walk him to safety," said Criner.
Rescue crews have a simple message:
"If you come upon water in a low lying water don't go through it, regardless of how much times it's going to take to save you. make sure you turn around and take a safe route," said Criner.
Rescuers said to be careful when wading through flood waters. A little bit of river current and you could be swept off your feet.


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I sometimes picture my farm as a battlefield with troops of people struggling with nature in a hundred-year war.
Germans, Italians, Chinese and Japanese, Armenians, Filipinos, and Mexicans---their voices have sounded over this farm, their families have walked these rows . . .
~ David Mas Masumoto, Epitaph for a Peach
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Once you complete undergraduate studies and move on to graduate academics, writing papers will really seem like an endless revolving door. However, the latter does not need to be the case at all. In specific, Ph.D. holders understand first hand how vital each and every dissertation paper is to their grade. As dissertations hold heavy weight towards your overall grade, it is important that you put your absolute best foot forward every single time. Use essay writing services to know about special writing tips. Here we are going to cover ten inspiring ideas that you as a future, presumptive, and even current Ph.D. student. Use dissertation editing services for your PhD theses or dissertations.
There is nothing more satisfying than being able to work with the best professionals in your career field. Keeping this in mind is why you should make it your goal to work and learn under specific individuals. Once you find someone (or multiple people) to look up to, then this will make your academic career that much better.
Working towards your life/career goal is something that is a great accomplishment within itself. However, once you begin to get yourself into to trenches (per se) with your Ph.D., you will notice that things are not as easy as you may have initially thought.
It is fairly normal to assume that someone who obtains a Ph.D. is typically seeking to work in a feel that has a nice salary. Now it is understandable that you obviously need (and deserve) an income suitable to suffice the skills that you are working towards and will possess. However, never let that overshadow that you have to put in the work first to get the money.
Working towards a Ph.D. can be a bit stressful at times. Take some personal time out to yourself every now and then, so you do not get burned out on work.
Inspire younger kids/teenagers to obtain their Ph.D.'s as well.
Remember… the cycle of your Ph.D. is something that has happened time and time again. Be the inspiration that you grew up looking up to.
Never let anyone who looks up to you think that obtaining a Ph.D. is easy.
As you begin pursuing your Ph.D., the dissertation will be the pinnacle point in your academic. You know how hard that it was to accomplish this moment, make sure that you pass it down to others as well.
" Review the history within your specific field, pick what works for you, and tweak the rest to fit your own style. Every profession has a history. If you look at yours specific to your Ph.D. you will appreciate it that much more. "


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Negotiations between Clearwire and Sprint Nextel have been going on for months, sometimes heated and often playing out in the press. But the two companies have finally resolved their differences, with Sprint agreeing to pay $1 billion through 2012 to utilize the Clearwire high-speed network.
"We are pleased to reach this wholesale pricing agreement with Clearwire," said Dan Hesse, Sprint CEO. "We look forward to working with them under this new agreement to provide an expanded offering of 4G capabilities and solutions for Sprint customers."
Sprint remains Clearwire's largest shareholder. And the deal comes after a list of ongoing problems at Clearwire, including layoffs, executive departures and a significant cash crunch.
With the new capital tied to the wholesale agreement, Clearwire interim CEO John Stanton tells The Wall Street Journal that the company now has enough cash for two years.
As part of the deal, Sprint has agreed to pay Clearwire $300 million in 2011; $550 million in 2012; and a prepayment of $175 million for 4G wholesale services, according to the press release. The companies also called the partnership "one of the most productive in the U.S. wireless market."
And the deal comes amid mounting pressure on both Clearwire and Sprint, which face an altered landscape if regulators approve AT&T's $39 billion buyout of T-Mobile USA.


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Discover the Region connects business and community leaders to enhance economic development, expand tourism and showcase lifestyle.
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Launched online in 2008, DiscovertheRegion.com has grown year over year. A tip of the hat to all Arizona has to offer, Discover the Region is an exciting and authentic showcase of local artists, businesses, photographers and attractions.
The first print version of Discover the Region was launched in 2009 to strengthen the already successful website.
Continuity of coverage for loyal readers is a key objective for Discover the Region. In order to fill the gaps between print issues and deliver timely content on a consistent basis, we proudly produce a monthly digital publication. This beautiful, page-flip magazine features content from DTR's stable of chosen leaders in their field.
Discover the Region Print and Digital is focused on helping small business by staying competitive and creating an undeniable brand recognition. DTR's crossover marketing allows small business the ease of executing Print-Digital and on-line services.
DTR is a small business and understands the challenges that other small business face in this age of daily change. We offers innovative, tangible and cost effective marketing opportunities to the challenges of communication, problem solving and staying relevant in today's market.
Our business was founded in 2008 and has grown from a one publication and website business to supporting a number of businesses in customized plans specifically for your business needs. Why pay for something you don't need? We can take care of that for you!
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However, isotropic unstructured meshes, for example those including only tetrahedral cells, either degrade solution accuracy near viscous walls or require prohibitively large mesh sizes. The large velocity gradient in the boundary layer near viscous walls is best captured by a specialized element which is oriented perpendicular to the wall.
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Visit Vocations Toronto at www.vocationstoronto.ca, a resourceful site in answering these questions.
The challenge last week was accepting God's call. This week, the challenge
is to keep free of all entanglements so that we are free to come to feast
whenever the Lord calls us. It seems strange that the people in the Gospel
do not come to the feast, but they do not recognize what it is that they
are turning down. This can happen also to us, so we need to be alert. So
often in the Gospels, Jesus admonishes us to be alert, to be on the
lookout, to keep vigil - because the Kingdom can come at any time.
Perhaps too often we think that Jesus is referring to the end of the world.
Instead, quite likely, He is referring to the opportunities that we have
each and every day to live the joy of the Kingdom in our love for others.
The first reading today, from the Prophet Isaiah, talks about how God
Himself will prepare a banquet for us. The imagery is wonderful! God will
wipe away all tears! This is surely a sign that those who are invited are
those who are suffering. The suffering that counts in this life is the
suffering that is inevitable as we try to love all others and try not to
put our own interests first.
The second reading today, from the Letter to the Philippians, is also clear
that Jesus is not telling us that life is only about suffering. Saint Paul
tells us: In every circumstance and in all things I have learned the
secret of being well fed and of going hungry, of living in abundance and of
being in need.
Thus we need to know how to live in abundance and love others. We need to
know how to have nothing and love others. Life is about loving others and
we must do whatever it takes to love others. Jesus tells us to love our
enemies as ourselves. Jesus tells us that the commandment that counts is
to love God and to love others.
When we return to the Gospel of Saint Matthew, we realize that Jesus really
is calling everyone to come to the feast, to celebrate in the Kingdom.
That call is happening right now, in your life and in my life. We respond
to the call by loving others, no matter how difficult it is. Our wedding
garment is love.
Reflections are available for the following Sundays:


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Total Productive Maintenance
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a Japanese philosophy used in many facets of industry. It seeks to integrate equipment maintenance into the manufacturing process to eliminate waste or losses while producing quality products. By producing as fast as possible with no reduction or no unplanned downtime, the goal is to increase overall equipment effectiveness and reduce equipment failure.
By working with SKF and combining maintenance strategy review and TPM, you can expect to reduce equipment damage and losses, increase machine reliability and production availability, reduce overall maintenance costs, and employ an optimized maintenance strategy. We achieve this by concentrating preventive, predictive and proactive maintenance efforts where they will do the most good, eliminating waste and developing a fully documented basis for the maintenance program. This process then becomes a "living program" for continual maintenance improvement and management of change.


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Hurray for DollyWood! Tell us about your recent trips to DollyWood or any of its related parks and attractions like Dixie Stampede or Dolly's Splash Country!
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