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How to Survive the First Night in Minecraft (ps3)
Introduction: How to Survive the First Night in Minecraft (ps3)
If you are one of those people who gets a game, go's home, inserts the disc in to your game console, sits down and press's random buttons to see what happens, then click here if you want to know an easier way to survive your first day and night in Minecraft :) .
Teacher Notes
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Step 1: Things You Need
- Play station three (PS3)
- Full edition Minecraft PS3 game disc
- Yourself
Lets do this
Step 2: Getting Started
After you press play you will come to a second menu. At the top of the menu you can select an option tagged "create world".Once that is done you will come to the third and last menu, I would recommend going straight to the load button.
- Controls in game play:
- "R":look
- "L":move
- "X":jump
- "triangle":inventory
- "square":crafting
- "O":drop held item
- "R2":mine
- "L2":place
- "R1":cycle held item (right)
- "L1":cycle held item (left)
- Controls in crafting:
- "R":move pointer
- "X":craft (create item)
- "O":exit crafting table
- "R1":change group (right) (the categories at the top of the crafting menu)
- "L2":change group (left)
Step 3: Making a Crafting Table
When you spawn, the first thing you want to do is make a crafting table and to do that you need some wood and to do that you need to punch some trees(Try to find a forested area with a big hill/mountain). Point the cross in the middle of the screen at a tree then press and hold "R2" until a section of the tree pops out and shrinks(above)then mine the rest and collect the wood by touching it.
Reminder: when you pick up an item it will pop up in the tool bar at the bottom of your screen. Go into your mini crafting table and and click on wood planks 3 to 4 times then slide over to crafting table and craft it.
once crafted, exit your mini crafting table and place it.
Step 4: Make'n Ye Tools
In order to make a house you will need the following tools; a pickax, shovel, an ax and a sword.
Go into your new and improved crafting table select the sticks from the structure category then select all the tools that are listed above in the tools and weapons category
Step 5: Making Your Shelter
Before you build your house make sure that you have murdered at least three sheep (for there wool).
Now, to build your house do the following
- Locate a hill
- Dig a tunnel with the following dimensions :3 blocks high,2 blocks wide and 8 blocks deep
- In your new crafting table craft a bed in the structures category with the WOOL FROM THE SHEEP YOU MURDERED
- Place the bed in the tunnel one block away from the end/wall
- In the structures category, craft a door(crafting one will give you three doors)
- Place the doors at the entrance of the tunnel
Step 6: Good Night Sleep Tight Don't Let the Sheep Bite
At dusk retreat to your home and go to sleep(press"L2" to go to sleep)
Be the First to Share
6 Discussions
I died i dont make bed i die i have pc edition. oh, maybe mention creepers
I died i dont make bed i die i have pc edition. oh, maybe mention creepers
I died i dont make bed i die i have pc edition. oh, maybe mention creepers
First time I died I was chased by 10 zombies 3 spiders 5 skeletons and hit 2 endermen in the process of running away it was terrible so now I make a bed before anything else
Oh and a creeper
I think it took me 3 minutes to die the first time I played minecraft.


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Words & Words
Clothes Wordsearch
Food and Drinks Wordsearch
Enjoy Halloween !!!
Who's my partner?
Right or Wrong
Dinosaurs: Guess their... puzzle
Play games and have fun !!!
Greetings - Find hidden words!
Linking - Words
Questions and short answers
Word search
Professions at school
ABC - Making up words
Playing Dominoes
School Objects - Memory Game
The Feelings Bingo
Halloween Games
Halloween The Magic Spell
The eh, uh, mm game
School Objects - Memory Game
Memory Game
Sports Crosswords
Play Time: A Board Game
Past Tense - Verbs - Wordsearch
Play a Musical Bingo
Have fun with this crossword
A new crossword
Wordsearch - Verbs
Incomplete song
Playing with words
Eddie's game
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text:
Rockbox mail archiveSubject: RE: DRAM 2MB -> DRAM 8MB
From: Stuart Tedford (stuart.tedford_at_piresearch.co.uk)
Date: 2002-09-16
Excellent work.
This mod should save a lot of battery power. Could you post the results
I can't wait for the details on how to do this mod. I hope it isn't too
Page was last modified "Jan 10 2012" The Rockbox Crew


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Most people find the associated with having their own patio as well as deck especially when it in order to relaxation. Aside from just using a patio, they also do very best to improve the deck and patio design that they have at home. This adds also for relaxation but also in increasing their property's value.
One of your things just a few ingredients to try to expand your professional network and help your social contacts as well as boost corporate presence and foster brand recognition is business card printing documents and photos! Your business cards are not really printed associated with paper that show your name, company, and contact information. Are already also tools for business to be recognized and hang presence among your colleagues and inventory. Thus, while are usually on facets . process and print production, you preferably should consider the design, appearance, and quality of little business cards.
Use color wisely. Stickers should be colorful; is actually not part with the makes them attractive. But there handful of ways utilizing color that happen to be more attractive than folks. You don't have to leave the history white. Instead, try mixing it up by making the background colored and the lettering and logo lilac. Or leave white out of the equation exhaustively. But don't go overboard with numerous colors. Try using colors are usually complimentary, or even ones that are opposite of one another on getting rid of wheel. Combinations like yellow with purple or red with blue often look the best.
I suggest you use a grout stain application kit for this simple kitchen remodel project. Could create consist of a small bristled brush and sponge. You will employ the brush to apply the stain to the grout. Clean the edges of your home tile along the way so as not to stain the tile just too.
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Observe any kind of these guidelines to make enterprise card printing more vibrant. Unleash your creativity and think about a hundred as well as something ways supplementations your business card printing more useful and to the point.


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Ekta Kapoor has denied blaming Akshay Kumar for the box office failure of Once Upon a Time in Mumbai Dobaara.
The producer was alleged to have been upset with Kapoor's lack of promotion of the film and thought it affected the movie's performance in cinemas, according to NDTV.
However, Kapoor has denied the claims, saying: "It's not even remotely true. Akshay has a heart of gold and is a super guy."
Kumar replaced Emraan Hashmi, who played underworld leader Shoaib Khan in the original film.
The release date of the gangster thriller was rescheduled in order to avoid a clash with Shah Rukh Khan's Chennai Express.
Watch the trailer for Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai Dobaara below:


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CAI Expo 2019 will be conducted from 30th August to 1 September 2019 at Chennai trade Centre, Chennai.
The architecture Interior Design Decor & Furniture Expo, CAI Expo 2019 is a good platform for visitors and exhibitors to enhance the network. The event showcases and discovers innovative products and services, and exchange ideas and information about the design and furniture industries.
The objective of the exhibition will be on accessories, art, bathroom, decor, furniture and furnishings, lightings, interior design, luxury lifestyle, surfaces and finishes, outdoor design and build, building material and more. The expo will be hosted on 30 August to 1 September 2019 at Chennai trade Centre, Chennai.
The CAI Expo will exhibit new sales leads and secure existing clients and customer loyalty. This is a unique exhibition which takes place at prime locations in India and also offers a one stop business event for all industrial professionals under one roof.
If you have any queries, you can reach us at 9884445217 or at email@example.com.


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Norman Steisel
New Projects
Deputy Mayor
Investment Banker
Sanitation Commissioner
Mr. Steisel is the Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. He is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the exchange's strategic plan and initiatives into day-to-day operations. The plan designed to extract value by leveraging regulatory licenses, monetizing technology assets and offering innovative trading modalities and products has produced several benefits during his tenure: the organization was restructured from a not-for-profit membership to a for-profit stock corporation, facilitating investments by six bulge bracket firms, increasing its core equity options business' market share from 8% to 15% by deployment of new technology platforms - - resulting in an improvement in the P & L from a $1.0 million loss in 2005 to $26 million profit in 2007. He is currently overseeing the enhancement and modernization of the exchange's equity and futures businesses. Mr. Steisel was a key member of the exchange's strategic management team participating in analyzing opportunities and direct negotiations with several entities interested in purchasing the exchange which was ultimately sold to NASDAQ OMX for $652 million, a thirty-fold increase in 2005 enterprise value. He is currently coordinating PHLX involvement in transition planning and integration activities with NASDAQ OMX.
From 1994 to 2003, Mr. Steisel was President and founder of EnEssCo Strategies, Inc., a firm providing management and consulting services to senior level executives of firms and industries in government-regulated sectors undertaking strategic, operational and financial transitional activities. EnEssCo has been engaged to develop and implement strategic marketing and financial plans for: the American subsidiary of the world's leading water/waste water treatment firm, a leading start-up bio-tech firm attempting to exploit pharmaceutical and environmental application of its proprietary technology, a leading outsourcing services provider to implement a pharmaceutical and medical material supply chain management subsidiary, and a leading vendor of advanced wireless voice and data telecommunications technologies with licensing and deployment of their services in municipal facilities.
Prior to this position, Steisel served from 1990-1994 as First Deputy Mayor of the City of New York. In this capacity he was the CEO of the city government responsible for day-to-day management of all governmental operations, and the oversight of a $30 billion annual operating budget and a four-year $20 billion capital program. He was responsible for streamlining operations and systems that resulted in annual budget reductions of $2.0 billion. In addition, Mr. Steisel reversed the decade-long trend of local taxes consuming an increasing share of Gross City Product ("GCP"). Mr. Steisel directed the out-sourcing of numerous governmental functions: fleet procurement, vehicle and facility maintenance and treasury functions. He oversaw the city's emergency coordinated response activities, supervising in that role the response to the 1993 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center.
From 1986-1989, Mr. Steisel was a Senior Vice President at the investment banking firm, Lazard Freres & Co. He was responsible for the firm's environmental corporate and municipal project financing activities, financing more than $2.0 billion of client needs. He served as an advisor to several American municipalities and counties and to a number of the world's leading waste disposal, water treatment, hazardous waste remediation and air pollution control firms providing assistance with merger and acquisition activities, recapitalizations, and debt issuance.
While at Lazard, from 1988-1990, Mr. Steisel served (pro bono) as the first Chairman of the School Construction Authority, an independent authority chartered by New York State charged with responsibility for the design, construction, modernization and rehabilitation of public schools in New York City. He oversaw the creation of the Authority, recruited top agency executives, established its budget and developed staffing patterns, directed implementation of project management and cost-accounting controls and information monitoring systems, and directed development of architectural and construction contract preparation, bid and award procedures. Within one year, $1 billion of construction activity was underway.
Prior to his position with Lazard, Mr. Steisel served from 1979 to 1986 as Commissioner of Sanitation of New York the longest serving official in the 20th century. Mr. Steisel was responsible for overall management of the $600 million enterprise and distinguished himself by introducing numerous productivity initiatives the most noteworthy being the introduction of performance-based compensation program aligned with the replacement of three man refuse collection crews with two-man crews resulting in annual savings of $100 million. He was also responsible for implementing a 10-year; $2.5 billion capital program to rebuild the city's failing waste disposal system that included a complete environmentally-compliant upgrading of its landfill operations and the introduction of privately financed recycling and waste-to-energy facilities. In this capacity, Mr. Steisel was a founding member and served as the first President of the US Conference of Mayors National Resource Recovery Association, a consortium of public officials, technology providers, financial institutions, law firms and environmental consultants, that successfully lobbied the Congress to offer tax-exempt financing and grants for the construction of privately owned and operated waste-to-energy facilities as well as to establish attainable stack emissions and plant residue pollution control standards under the Clean Air Act.
From 1974 to 1979, Mr. Steisel served as New York City's First Deputy Budget Director and oversaw the massive retrenchment in the city's budget, workforce and services, resulting from its near default and loss of access to the capital markets. He also directed the introduction of integrated automated budgeting, accounting, payroll and procurement systems.
From 1974 to 1976, Mr. Steisel was Vice President of Griffehagen-Kroeger, Inc., (the predecessor organization to Hamilton, Rabinowitz and Altshuler) where he was in charge of consulting services for local, state and federal governments and to private sector firms with the development and implementation of strategic business and marketing plans and proposals to public sector clients.
Mr. Steisel holds a Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from Pratt Institute and Master of Science degree from Yale University. He has taught courses in public policy analysis and decision-making at Yale School of Organization and Management, Harvard Kennedy School for Public Policy, Columbia University, New York University School of Law, and Baruch College, CUNY.


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What's going on Tuesday? (Dum Dum Girls, Solids, Classixx, Krill, Vertical Scratchers, Liam Finn, DTCV, Talib Kweli & more)
Dum Dum Girls at SXSW 2014 (more by Steven Noreyko)
You can browse our full NYC show calendar for all of tonight's shows, but here are some highlights…
Dum Dum Girls, Blouse @ Bowery Ballroom
Having released their poppy Too True earlier this year, Dum Dum Girls' tour hits NYC this week for two shows. Don't miss openers Blouse who have turned into a formidable live band.
Solids, PUP, Pachangacha @ Mercury Lounge
These three rowdy rock bands just hit Glasslands last night, and tonight they return to rage with you at Mercury Lounge. The Japandroids-y Solids and SideOneDummy-signed punks PUP are in town on their way back to Canada from SXSW, and Pachangacha bring over their Dino Jr-isms from CT.
Classixx, GEMS @ MHOW
LA dance duo Classixx return to NYC to get the dancefloors moving here once again, and this time they're bringing Washington ethereal dancepop duo GEMS with them.
Ava Luna, Ryan Power, Guerilla Toss, Jerry Paper, Krill, Ashcan Orchestra, Railings @ Silent Barn
This bill is loaded with Northeast representation: it's the last hometown show for NYC funk punks Ava Luna before they head to Europe, plus Vermont pop weirdo Ryan Power, Massachusetts art punks Guerilla Toss, their indie rock Mass. neighbors Krill and more.
Vertical Scratchers, Boogarins, Adult Dude @ Glasslands
John Schmersal has previously led the great Brainiac and Enon, and now he's fronting a new project, Vertical Scratchers. They make their NYC debut tonight, and the whole bill is solid with Brazilian psych rockers Boogarins (one of the more talked about bands at SXSW this year) and NYC punks Adult Dude.
Liam Finn w/ Connan Mockasin, Love As Laughter @ Union Pool
Liam Finn wraps up his March "murmuration" residency at Union Pool with fellow New Zealander Connan Mockasin who definitely will bring a wildcard element to the evening.
Talib Kweli, Res, Sonnymoon, Soul Inscribed, Gentei Kaijo, Javi Santiago, EE Delray, Malik Work, Alex Pasternak of Lemonade, Aka Suga @ LPR
Via LPR's site, "Started in 2012, The Lesson is a live band, improvised 'experimental hip-hop groove session' that takes place every Thursday night on the Lower East Side, and welcomes a variety of musicians, singers, and emcees to its stage." Tonight The Lesson celebrates its 2-year anniversary with some great guests including Talib Kweli and his Idle Warship partner Res.
Delicate Steve, Javelin, Anand Wilder @ Rough Trade
Tonight as part of Rough Trade's Moog installation, Delicate Steve, Javelin and Yeasayer guitarist Anand Wilder will put on a collaborative performance with its equipment. It's free, 8 – 11 PM. Flyer below.
Bluffing, Huge Pupils, Heaven's Gate, Slonk Donkerson, M.O.T.O. @ Shea Stadium
Tonight's a record release show for Bluffing's new EP, Sugar Coated Pills of Wisdom. We like Heaven's Gate and Slonk Donkerson too.
DTCV, Spaceships, Max Low, Marzipan @ The Grand Victory
Jim Greer spent time in Guided by Voices and, for many years, was one of SPIN's best writers. His band DTCV (pronounced "detective") make post-VU indie rock.
Martha Wainwright, JD Samson (of Le Tigre), Edie Falco, Dawn O'Porter, Yael Stone, Amelia Lester @ The Bell House
"Australian literary salon" Women of Letters, which "involves five or six female writers, performers, actors, politicians, and artists joining together to revive the lost art of letter writing," returns to the US tonight with various guests including singer/songwriter Martha Wainwright, The Sopranos' Edie Falco, MEN/Le Tigre's JD Samson, Orange is the New Black's Yael Stone, and more.
The xx @ Park Avenue Armory
The xx continue their run of 25 shows at the Park Avenue Armory which run through March 29. Each show is extremely intimate (holds 40 people) and very sold out.
RAC, Prides, Panama Wedding @ Webster Hall
RAC, who work with many artists including Bloc Party's Kele, wrap up their 2-night run in NYC tonight.
Tonight's Allman Brothers Band show (and the rest of their run) at Beacon Theatre has been postponed.
For all of tonight's shows, and tomorrow's, check out our NYC concert calendar.
For laughs, check out the NYC Comedy calendar too.
Follow @BrooklynVegan on Twitter.
Follow @bvChicago for just Chicago stuff.
Also follow @bvAustin for just Austin stuff.
Be our friend on Facebook too, and BV Austin's friend on Facebook and BV Chicago's friend on Facebook.
Follow BrooklynVegan on instagram.
What else?


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Lyme Neuroborreliosis.
CONCLUSION: Lyme neuroborreliosis has a favorable prognosis if treated early. The long-term administration of antibiotics over many weeks or even months for putative chronic Lyme neuroborreliosis with nonspecific symptoms yields no additional benefit and carries the risk of serious adverse effects. PMID: 30573008 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Deutsches Arzteblatt International - Category: General Medicine Tags: Dtsch Arztebl Int Source Type: research
Related Links:
The Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin-6/Interleukin-10 Ratio Differentiates Pediatric Tick-borne Infections
Conclusions: The interleukin-6/interleukin-10 ratio can be used as a rapid diagnostic cue upon suspected tick-borne infection, enabling fast and correct treatment. Also, in serology-negative results, such information may strengthen a clinical suspicion.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Translational Medicine Reports Source Type: research
Publication date: Available online 3 February 2020Source: Ticks and Tick-borne DiseasesAuthor(s): Mariska Kerstholt, Mihai G. Netea, Leo A.B. JoostenAbstractChanges in cellular metabolism have proven to be important factors in driving cell behavior. It has been shown that cellular metabolism of immune cells changes when exposed to or infected by several pathogens: while this is often an adaptation of the host cells to the infection, sometimes it represents a mechanism through which the pathogens evade immune activation. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, is a pathogen that highly depe...
Notes from the Field: Four Cases of Lyme Disease at an Outdoor Wilderness Camp --- North Carolina, 2017 and 2019
The recent discovery of Lyme-infected ticks at the location of an outdoor wilderness program in North Carolina highlights the importance of vectorborne disease prevention.
Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Category: American Health Tags: DEET Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi Infection) MMWR Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report Source Type: news
Lyme disease (LD), which is caused by genospecies of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, is the most common vector-borne disease in the Northern hemisphere. Spirochetes are transmitted by Ixodes ticks and maintained in diverse vertebrate animal hosts. Following tick bite, spirochetes initially establish a localized infection in the skin. However, they may also disseminate hematogenously to several distal sites, including heart, joints, or the CNS. Because they need to survive in diverse microenvironments, from tick vector to mammalian hosts, spirochetes have developed multiple strategies to combat the numerous hos...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
This study investigated Borrelia prevalence and species distribution in ticks removed from humans and sent as diagnostic material to the Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, in 2013-2017. A probe-based real-time PCR was carried out and Borrelia-positive samples were subjected to species determination by reverse line blot (RLB), including a B. miyamotoi-specific probe. The overall Borrelia-infection rate as determined by real-time PCR was 20.02 % (510/2547, 95 % CI: 18.48–21.63 %), with annual prevalences ranging from 17.17 % (90/524, 95 % CI: 14.04–20.68 %) in 2014 to 24.12 % ...
Prevalence of Infection and Co-Infection and Presence of Rickettsial Endosymbionts in Ixodes Scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Connecticut, USA.
Abstract Ixodes scapularis is currently known to transmit 7 pathogens responsible for Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, tick-borne relapsing fever, ehrlichiosis, and Powassan encephalitis. Ixodes scapularis can also be colonized by endosymbiotic bacteria including those in the genus of Rickettsia. We screened 459 I. scapularis ticks submitted to the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Tick Testing Laboratory with the objectives to (1) examine differences in infection prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi, (2) evaluate whether prevalence...
Source: The Journal of Parasitology - Category: Parasitology Authors: Pokutnaya D, Molaei G, Weinberger DM, Vossbrinck CR, Diaz AJ Tags: J Parasitol Source Type: research
Combining Citizen Science and Genomics to Investigate Tick, Pathogen, and Commensal Microbiome at Single-Tick Resolution
The prevalence of tickborne diseases worldwide is increasing virtually unchecked due to the lack of effective control strategies. The transmission dynamics of tickborne pathogens are influenced by the tick microbiome, tick co-infection with other pathogens, and environmental features. Understanding this complex system could lead to new strategies for pathogen control, but will require large-scale, high-resolution data. Here, we introduce Project Acari, a citizen science-based project to assay, at single-tick resolution, species, pathogen infection status, microbiome profile, and environmental conditions of tens of thousand...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Transgenic functional complementation with a transmission -associated protein restores spirochete infectivity by tick bite
Publication date: Available online 20 January 2020Source: Ticks and Tick-borne DiseasesAuthor(s): Tom G. Schwan, Sandra J. Raffel, James M. BattistiAbstractThe relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia hermsii and the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto each produces an abundant, orthologous, outer membrane protein, Vtp and OspC, respectively, when transmitted by tick bite. Gene inactivation studies have shown that both proteins are essential for spirochete infectivity when transmitted by their respective tick vectors. Therefore, we transformed a vtp-minus mutant of B. hermsii with ospC from B. burgdorferi...
Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate, Germany
Publication date: Available online 15 January 2020Source: Ticks and Tick-borne DiseasesAuthor(s): Dana Zubriková, Maria Wittmann, Václav Hönig, Pavel Švec, Bronislava Víchová, Sandra Essbauer, Gerhard Dobler, Libor Grubhoffer, Kurt PfisterAbstractLyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are the most common tick-borne diseases in Germany. We collected Ixodes ricinus ticks from 16 high-risk and four low-risk sites distributed in Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate based on the number of human TBE cases recorded at the Robert Koch Institute from 2001 to 2009. A total of 8805 qu...
Abstract Lyme borreliosis is a bacterial infection that can be spread to humans by infected ticks and may severely affect many organs and tissues. Nearly four decades have elapsed since the discovery of the disease agent called Borrelia burgdorferi. Although there is a plethora of knowledge on the infectious agent and thousands of scientific publications, an effective way on how to combat and prevent Lyme borreliosis has not been found yet. There is no vaccine for humans available, and only one active vaccine program in clinical development is currently running. A spirited search for possible disease interventions...
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Category: Microbiology Authors: Strnad M, Grubhoffer L, Rego ROM Tags: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: research
More News: Borrelia | Brain | Ceftriaxone | Databases & Libraries | Doxycycline | General Medicine | Germany Health | Lyme Disease | Neurology | Neuroscience | Penicillin | Rocephin


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Rockbox mail archiveSubject: Re: ANNOUNCE: New mailing list: Digest per mail
From: Bj—rn Stenberg (bjorn_at_haxx.se)
Date: 2003-05-01
Daniel Stenberg wrote:
I have changed it to:
"This list is <link>The Rockbox Digest</link> by mail. It will receive Rockbox project information on a weekly or biweekly basis. This list is read-only and it has NN subscribers."
-- Bj—rn
Page was last modified "Jan 10 2012" The Rockbox Crew


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The Princeton Dante Project opened for local use on 18 May 1999.The PDP combines a traditional approach to the study of Dante's Comedy with new techniques of compiling and consulting data, images, and sound. The text of Dante's poem is always at the center of the user's attention, and he or she is able to consult, within the confines of the PDP itself, the following materials:
The Petrocchi text of the poem
New verse translation of Inferno
Recitation of the poem in Italian
New commentary notes
Direct link to the Dartmouth Dante Project
Links to Dante sites all over the world
Copyright © 1997-1999 The Trustees of Princeton University and Prof. Robert Hollander.
All Rights Reserved. Use of this site is governed by: Terms and Conditions of Use/Legal Notices in connection with the use of this web site.
Thank you for visiting. And for reading the fine print.Bugs? Comments?


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by Dr. Jürgen Schneider | SAPinsider
January 1, 2004
Dr. Jürgen
anyone looking to interconnect business services and extend processes
across multiple IT systems inside and outside the company, Web services
are increasingly becoming the technology of choice. Web services define
Web-based, platform-independent business processes, using open standards
These standards provide the means for the platform-independent access
to and use of business services, and allow companies to realize integrated
business-process scenarios, even in a heterogeneous system environment.4
However, to be suitable for service-oriented enterprise business scenarios
— such as electronic ordering and invoicing, business-to- business
procurement, or human resource planning and reporting — the security
of Web services must be guaranteed.
In this article, we take a look at new standards developed to make your
Web services secure and how they are supported with the SAP NetWeaver
platform. The architecture of Web services relies heavily on XML messages
and works across platforms as well as over non-secure network connections.
System administrators, IT managers, and architects who are operating or
planning to deploy Web services in their IT landscape must understand
how the risks and security needs are different from those of traditional
business functionality implemented in a homogeneous, well-known environment.
In addition, business application developers will get a brief overview
of the concepts and approach behind the security mechanisms for Web services
and how they can make use of them with the SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio
and the SAP J2EE Engine.
To invoke a Web service, a SOAP message must be compliant with the WSDL
interface specification of the Web service. The Web service client (the
"sender" or "consumer") sends a SOAP message to
the Web service provider or "recipient" (see Figure
1). The Web service provider verifies the request and, if verification
is successful, executes it. A SOAP message containing results may be sent
back to the Web service client as a reply.
In a simple invocation scenario like this one, the security requirements
of Web services are straightforward. The Web service provider, as the
message recipient, may want to know the identity of the Web service client
— in other words, who sent the message. He also wants to be sure
that the message content was not changed in transit. In addition, the
message content may contain private data that needs to be protected from
In general, you can satisfy these security requirements using one of
two approaches:
When Web services are called over secure connections, the Web service
client is authenticated at connection setup time and all data sent over
the connection is protected by strong encryption. In this case, transport-level
security may be sufficient for simple invocation scenarios between clearly
identified business partners — partners that know each other well
and have bilateral agreements in place.
Transport-level security, however, falls short in providing protection
for Web services if SOAP messages are relayed via one or several intermediaries
(see Figure 1). Web services are designed to bridge the gap between heterogeneous
platforms and may have been composed and mapped onto different existing
business service implementations, so an intermediary is not unlikely in
many Web services scenarios. In this case, end-to-end message security
from the sender to the final recipient cannot be guaranteed with secure
point-to-point connections alone.
To achieve interoperable, end-to-end message security, the Organization
for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) is working
on an open standard for Web services security (WS-Security5).
Based on an initial proposal from IBM and Microsoft, this standard, which
is at the public review stage at the time of writing, describes enhancements
to SOAP messaging that will provide message integrity, confidentiality,
and single-message authentication.
The WS-Security standard specifies the XML schema of a security
header that can be embedded in a SOAP message (see Figure
2). It also specifies various security tokens that can
be associated with the message content. These security tokens can be contained
in the SOAP message or can be referenced from within the message (see
Figure 3). For example, a simple UsernameToken
provides the sender with the means to supply a user name and password
with each Web service request. Additionally, the sender can use binary
security tokens such as X.509 digital certificates or Kerberos tickets.
In addition, the WS-Security standard defines a format for security
timestamps (see Figure 4) that help verify the "freshness"
of messages and can help prevent replay attacks, where the same message
is re-sent by an unauthorized attacker.6
To guarantee message integrity and authenticity, the WS-Security
standard also makes use of XML Signature7 to include a digital
signature that can apply to all or part of the SOAP message. Digital signatures
are created using the private key of either the sender or an intermediary.
Once the data is signed, any modification of that data invalidates the
digital signature. This allows the recipient to verify both the integrity
of the message and the identity of the sender. For the recipient to verify
the signature, the X.509 public key certificate belonging to the private
key is sufficient and can be sent with the message or referenced from
the message.
Finally, to preserve the confidentiality of the message content, or
parts thereof, the WS-Security standard makes use of XML Encryption.8
Encryption keys can be embedded as encrypted binary security tokens in
the message.
The WS-Security specification is designed for flexibility. It supports
different security token formats, signature formats, trust domains, and
encryption algorithms. As such, it will become the basis for secure SOAP
messaging and for secure Web services across platforms, including the
SAP NetWeaver platform.
Let's now take a look at how SAP NetWeaver specifically supports
the WS-Security standard.
The first step is to create the Web service, and there are several ways
to do this with SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio9: you can use
the Web services wizard on any existing Enterprise Java Bean (EJB), or
you can develop business logic, virtual interfaces, and the Web service
definition and configuration step by step for more complex or custom Web
As an example, I have created a simple bean for stock trading, "wssecEjb",
with two methods — "getQuote" and "buyStock".
Using the Web services wizard, I have also created the Web service "wsStocks"
(see on Figure 5) from the EJB project and put it in
the assembly project "wssecAssembly". This Web service will
allow customers with a valid customer ID and password to use a Web browser
or any other Web service client program to request and receive a stock
quote and to purchase stock. With sensitive information such as a valid
customer ID and password, transaction identification number, transaction
volume, or reference to the stock quote received, security measures are
in order.
To define the security settings, open the WS Deployment Descriptor Editor
view, shown in Figure 5, from the assembly project in the Developer Studio
for the Web service 1. From
here, select the transport protocol 2,
either HTTP or HTTPS10.
Then choose an authentication method for the Web service 3.
If authentication is required, you can choose between transport-level
security ("HTTP Authentication") and message-level security
("Document Authentication").
When choosing transport-level security, authentication takes place at
connection setup time using the authentication method configured for the
Web service URL in the SAP J2EE Engine.
If you choose message-level security, authentication will take place
by using information contained in the Web service's SOAP message.
In the example shown in Figure 5, I have selected message-level security
("Document Authentication").
For each operation defined for the Web service, you can then select
from different security templates for the request and response messages
using the Document Security folder 4.
In my example, I associated the J2EE security role "customer"
with the two methods provided by the "wssecEjb" bean (not
shown in Figure 5) in order to ensure that the EJB can be called only
by users who are customers under a current service contract.11
Under the Authorization tab 5,
you will find the list of the J2EE security roles defined for the "wssecEjb"
bean, and you can select from those roles (e.g., "customer"
or "tradingPartner") to enforce the authorization constraints
for the Web service.
To verify the authorization constraint, the sender of the request message
must be authenticated. So under Document Security, I chose the template
"Encryption+Username" for the request message of the "getQuote"
operation 6. With this selection,
the customer's user name and password will be required in the SOAP
document representing the request message. In particular, a "UsernameToken"
containing the encrypted user name and password of the user must be present
in the Web service security header as defined by the WS-Security standard
(see the above discussion on "Message-Level Security"). For
the response message of the "getQuote" operation, I selected
the "Signature" template 7.
This triggers the requirement that any SOAP document representing the
service provider's response must be digitally signed using XML Signature.
As a result, the service provider will send a digitally signed response
to the customer, and the customer can use this stock quote later as evidence
in case of dispute about the resulting stock purchase. Similar template
settings (e.g., "Encryption+Username" and "Signature")
can also be selected for the request and response messages of the "buyStock"
After saving the assembly project, I generate the Web service deployment
descriptor and any other objects required for the Web service. Putting
the Web service assembly project into an enterprise archive project and
compiling it completes the development of the secure Web service.
Once you've developed the Web service project in SAP NetWeaver
Developer Studio, it can be deployed directly on the SAP J2EE Engine,
or you can use the Software Delivery Manager (SDM) client user interface.
If document security was specified, as in our example, you must configure
the new Web service's document security profiles after deployment.
To configure these profiles for your Web service, from the Visual Administrator
go to "Web Services Security" under the Services view of the
server, shown on the left in Figure 6. The Web services
provided by "wssecEAR", which we deployed in our example,
appear for selection. There are two configuration folders: Security Administration
and Profile Administration. Here, you provide server-specific runtime
details that enforce the Web service security policies we selected at
development time.
For example, from the Profile Administration folder, you can create
security profiles detailing which encryption/decryption keys to use for
the encrypted user names and passwords contained in Web service request
messages, or indicating which signing key to use for the XML Signature
of a signed response message for each operation. When defining these profiles,
cryptographic keys available in the keystore service12 of the
J2EE Engine installation can be used.
Using the Security Administration folder, available security profiles
for document security of Web services can be assigned to the request and
response messages of Web service operations. This completes the process
of making secure Web services available on the SAP J2EE Engine.
Security and standards are crucial to the success of Web services at
the business level. As you can see from this brief overview of the processes
for developing and deploying secure Web services with SAP NetWeaver Developer
Studio, SAP is actively participating in the standardization process,
and many of the standards are already introduced into SAP NetWeaver. Transport-level
security for Web services is available with the SAP J2EE Engine Release
6.30, and the first set of message-level security capabilities is included
in the SAP J2EE Engine Release 6.40.
Together with technology platform vendors, application providers, service
providers, standards bodies, and other involved parties, SAP will continue
on toward the standardization and realization of further functionality
as needed for Web services in an Enterprise Services Architecture.13
This additional functionality includes a more flexible definition of policies
(WS-Policy), along with establishing trust (WS-Trust), and enforcing privacy
requirements (WS-Privacy). Other topics requiring further work for Web
services to operate in an open network environment are federation of identities
(WS-Federation), secure conversation (WS-SecureConversation), and authorization
1 W3C, "Web
Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1," www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.
2 W3C, "Simple
Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1,"
3 UDDI Organization, "Universal
Description, Discovery, and Integration of
Web Services," www.uddi.org/specification.html.
4 See Martin Huvar's article "Web Services for
Platform-Independent, Standards-Based Information Sharing" in
the October-December 2003 issue of SAP Insider
5 See the OASIS
document "Web Services Security: SOAP
Message Security" available at www.oasis-open.org/committees/documents.php.
6 Note that clock synchronization between sender and recipient
is out of scope of the standard. This must be assessed by other means.
7 W3C, "XML-Signature
Syntax and Processing,"
Encryption Syntax and Processing,"
9 For an introduction to SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio and
other components of SAP NetWeaver, see the articles by Martin Huvar, Karl
Kessler, and Peter Tillert in the October-December 2003 issue of SAP
Insider (www.SAPinsider.com).
10 HTTP over the Secure Sockets Layer protocol (SSL). This
selection is possible for both transport-level security and message-level
security. You can decide, for example, to send a plaintext UserName token
in the message over a secure connection.
11 For more on how
to protect J2EE applications by J2EE security
roles for authorization, see my article "Build Security into Your
J2EE Application Development Process with SAP NetWeaver Developer Studio" in
the October-December 2003 issue of SAP Insider (www.SAPinsider.com).
12 The keystore service is a standard service in an SAP J2EE
Engine installation. It manages creation, storage, usage, and deletion
of cryptographic key information.
13 For more information on Enterprise Services Architecture,
see www.sap.com/solutions/netweaver/esa.asp.
Dr. Jürgen Schneider has
been involved in the design and implementation
of SAP security functions since 1996. From
1998 on, he was the Development Manager for
SAP Web Application Server Security in SAP's
Technology Development. In 2003 he was appointed
Vice President for Security and Identity
Management in the SAP NetWeaver platform.
He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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text:
February 2010
Volume 25 Number 02
Beyond MVP - Extending the MVP Pattern for Enterprise-Class Application UI Architecture
By Haozhe Ma | February 2010
Model-View-Presenter (MVP) represents a breakthrough in thinking about UI patterns, and makes it clear that UI designers should maintain separation of concern in their applications.
However, there are many different interpretations of the MVP pattern. For example, some people take for granted that the MVP pattern explicitly represents the UI architecture pattern. This is not exactly true for enterprise-class applications. Compared to other types of UI applications, enterprise-class applications need to deal with many different requirements, more parties involved, more complexity, and many cross-dependencies on other systems such as services, other applications and so on. These particular characteristics have required the UI architecture of enterprise-class applications to have more emphasis on flexibility, maintainability, reusability, implementation consistency, and decoupling business functionality from the underlying technology to avoid dependencies on specific products and vendors.
If only the MVP pattern itself is applied as the UI architecture pattern for enterprise-class applications, some questions will be raised. Here are just a few:
A typical enterprise-class application contains many views, and events occurring in one view could impact other views. For example, clicking a button in one screen could cause a pop-up window to show up, and another screen's data may be updated at the same time. Who is responsible for controlling such screen-flow logic? Should this be controlled by each view's pairing presenter?
In a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), the application UI generally gets information through services. For example, the UI would need to call a generated WCF service client proxy in order to call the WCF service to get data. Is it a good design for presenter to call this service client proxy directly? If these services are implemented with different technologies or if service models are changed, how do you design the UI architecture so that the impact of these changes on the UI implementation can be minimized?
Following this train of thought, some implementations might use generated service client proxy models across the application. Are there any risks of doing that? If a dedicated UI model is needed, which part will be responsible for providing the mapping between the service client proxy model and the UI model?
These are not new questions, and many other patterns have been introduced to fill in the gap. For example, the Application Controller pattern was introduced to assume the responsibility for controlling navigation flow.
I thought it would be helpful to pull some of these disparate MVP-extending discussions together and draw a holistic view of UI architecture design. Looking at the problem from an enterprise-class application perspective, this will help UI architects recognize what key parts are needed for UI design and define a consistent pattern to guide UI application implementation.
The term "MVP pattern" will be used throughout the article, but actually the original MVP pattern has been retired and two variations of the original MVP are currently in place. One is the Passive View pattern and the other is the Supervising Controller pattern. Although either one fits certain scenarios and both have pros and cons, the UI architecture described in Figure 1 is primarily based on and extended from the Passive View pattern. This certainly doesn't mean UI architecture couldn't be constituted based on the Supervising Controller pattern, but this is my personal preference.
Figure 1 UI Architecture Based on the Passive View Pattern
Let's begin the discussion with a clear understanding of what constitutes the UI architecture by extending the MVP pattern. Figure 1 shows what key parts are needed from a high-level view of UI architecture. In this diagram, seven major parts are introduced: View, Presenter, UI Model, Process Flow Controller, Service Agent, Service Client Proxy Model, and Service Client Proxy.
View basically follows the View role in the Passive View pattern. View assumes a simple list of responsibilities, starting with handling UI display layout and presentation-specific logic.
View's second responsibility is to raise events to the Presenter, and it requires several implementations to handle this responsibility. First, View needs to implement the IView interface. To ensure there are few if any implementation impacts on Presenter logic, and to provide unit testing capability, the Presenter should interact with View through an IView interface.
Second, View needs to define public properties that Presenter can interact with. In the Passive View pattern, View does not pass data to Presenter. Instead, it is up to Presenter to choose data it is interested in from View. This type of implementation further reduces the contract binding between View and Presenter and separates their responsibilities more clearly.
One question, though, is about what data type the View properties should use. The ideal way is to have View define these properties using only simple types, such as string, integer and so on. However, in a real-world implementation, it can become tedious if the View defines data this way. It is acceptable to expose a data property by referencing complex types, such as UI Model definitions. This balances architectural purity with implementation considerations.
Third, View also needs to call Presenter operations when events happen in the View. The View can call the Presenter directly without passing any data. There is no loosely coupled design between View and Presenter because View and Presenter are always paired. It is good design to have one Presenter operation dedicated to one View event.
View's last responsibility is to respond to property value updates. Presenter updates View properties to indicate a change. View has the knowledge to decide how to respond to such changes. It could go ahead to refresh the view to reflect the data change, or it could decide not to take any action.
Presenter essentially follows the Presenter role in the Passive View pattern. However, here, the Presenter does not determine process flow. The Presenter takes event requests from the View and publishes event requests to Controller to let Controller decide the next step. Because Presenter will not handle process flow logic, it can't know whether the event requests from View will have any impact on other Views. So when Presenter receives event requests from View, it will immediately publish corresponding events so that Controller can respond to these event requests and decide on the next process step. Presenter never assumes it can go ahead and perform some actions until it is instructed by Controller.
Controller decides whether Presenter operations need to take place. When a Presenter operation is called by Controller, Presenter then performs the actions, such as to retrieve data through a Service Agent. If Presenter needs to take actions against services, it does that through Service Agent. It will pass required parameters to the Service Agent and get results back from the Service Agent.
When Presenter is ready to notify View about data changes, it will do so by updating View's property values. Then it is up to View to decide how to display them. As mentioned previously, Presenter interacts with View through the IView interface rather than accessing the View object directly. Since the View instance has already been passed to Presenter when initiating Presenter, Presenter already has a View instance to deal with.
Finally, Presenter can access the UI Model and can put it in a cache if UI Model data needs to be accessed later.
Process Flow Controller
The Process Flow Controller is close to the Application Controller pattern. The difference is that the sole responsibility of the Process Flow Controller discussed here is to control process flow based on typed events raised by Presenter. Process flow is not limited to screen navigation flow. It also includes controlling the order of Presenter actions related to event requests.
Process Flow Controller subscribes to events published by Presenter, and responds only to events published by Presenter. These events are typed events. In other words, Process Flow Controller doesn't respond to a general event.
Because Process Flow Controller only responds to a typed event, a process flow actually has already been predetermined when an event occurs. This simplifies Process Flow Controller's logic. Each event published by Presenter contains the data needed for Process Flow Controller to carry on when initiating other Presenter operations.
Process Flow Controller will initiate Presenter and related View instances if they haven't been initiated yet. Inversion of Control (IoC) will be needed due to cross-reference concerns. This also provides a loosely coupled design between Presenter and Process Flow Controller.
UI Model
UI Model basically follows the Model role in the Passive View pattern. In Passive View, Model is really not doing much work and it simply provides the model structure definition. In addition, as described in the Presenter section, Presenter is responsible for maintaining Model state.
The reason I call this UI Model rather than simply Model is to differentiate it from Service Client Proxy Model, which will be described later the article.
UI Model defines the model structure that is suitable for UI application logic handling. The UI model definition may look exactly the same as Service Client Proxy Model. However, in some situations—especially if the UI needs to display data from multiple service sources—a restructured UI Model is needed that will be different from the Service Client Proxy Model.
Service Agent
Service Agent plays an intermediary role between Presenter and Service Client Proxy. The service in the name is not necessarily a Web service. It represents any resources that will provide data or perform business logic. This could be a Web service, but could also be simply file I/O.
Service Client Proxy has specific meaning in Web service technology. Here, I use Service Client Proxy to represent the gateway for a service.
The Service Client Proxy implementation is technically specific. From Presenter's perspective, it would rather not know how data is transmitted or provided. Such technically specific details could be hidden inside of Service Agent. So the layer of Service Agent protects Presenter from being affected by service implementation technology changes, service versioning, service model changes, and so on.
Service Agent provides operations for Presenter to interact with. If a complex type needs to be passed to these operations, you need to define a complex type under UI Model. This is also true for the operation return type. You then pass these operation calls to corresponding Service Client Proxy operations. In some cases, one Service Agent operation may initiate several Service Client Proxy operation calls.
Because Service Agent operations take in complex types defined under UI Model, Service Agent operations need to map from UI Model to Service Client Proxy Model when calling Service Client Proxy operations. When Service Agent operations need to return results back to Presenter, they would map from Service Client Proxy Model to UI Model after getting results from Service Client Proxy operations.
This could be a tedious job. However, there are tools available to map from one model structure to another model structure easily, so this become more of a one-time design job.
Service Client Proxy and Service Client Proxy Model
Service Client Proxy in Web service technology provides local access for the service client even though the service is hosted remotely. In this article, I would describe Service Client Proxy as the gateway to the service. Service Client Proxy Model represents the service contract model definition.
Service Client Proxy passes calls to services and returns service responses. If the service is implemented with ASP.NET Web Services (ASMX) or Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) technologies, the Service Client Proxy can be generated automatically.
Service Client Proxy Model will reflect the service contract model structure definition.
Implementation Example
To illustrate the UI architecture described in Figure 1, let's take a look at a Windows Forms application that demonstrates the implementation. This sample app is included in the download for this article.
This sample application first needs to load a list of regions. When a region is selected, customers that belong to the region are displayed. When a customer is selected, a time range query window will pop up. After a start time and end time are entered, a list of orders that belong to the selected customer will be displayed on the data grid in the main screen.
I will use the scenario of displaying a list of regions to explain how the UI architecture in Figure 1 is implemented in the sample app. Figure 2 shows the call sequence for this scenario.
Figure 2 UI Call Sequence
When the Main Screen form is loaded, it first initiates the Presenter interface and passes the current View instance to Presenter's constructor:
private void MainView_Load(
object sender, EventArgs e) {
_presenter = new MainPresenter(this);
The MainPresenter instance initiation will cause MainPresenter's constructor to first assign the passed-in MainView instance to a private variable of type IMainView. It then initiates a Controller instance and passes the current Presenter instance to the Controller constructor:
public MainPresenter(IMainView view) {
_view = view;
_controller = new Controller(this);
Controller instance initiation will cause the constructor to assign the passed-in MainPresenter instance to a private variable of type IMainPresenter. This constructor also defines the event handler to be prepared to respond to MainPresenter's published events, such as RetrieveRegions:
public Controller(IMainPresenter presenter) {
_mainPresenter = presenter;
_mainPresenter.RetrieveRegions += (OnRetrieveRegions);
Back in the main screen form load event, Presenter is called to retrieve regions after the Presenter object is initiated:
Private void MainView_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {
When Presenter receives this call, it first publishes the event RetrieveRegions instead of going ahead to retrieve the regions. The RetrieveRegions event has been defined in the IMainPresenter interface and is implemented in MainPresenter:
public event EventHandler<RetrieveRegionsEventArgs>
public void OnRetrieveRegionCandidates() {
if (RetrieveRegions != null) {
new RetrieveRegionsEventArgs());
In the Controller class, since an event handler for RetrieveEvents has been registered, it can respond to the RetrieveRegions event:
private void OnRetrieveRegions(
object sender, RetrieveRegionsEventArgs e) {
Controller decides that the process flow should return control to MainPresenter and asks it to continue to retrieve regions. If Controller needs to initiate presenters other than MainPresenter, it can employ Unity Framework to perform that task.
In MainPresenter's HandleRetrieveRegionsEvent operation, it calls Service Agent to retrieve regions. For simplicity, my example doesn't actually implement the service. It just writes some dummy data to make the application function. After a result is returned from Service Agent, note that MainPresenter doesn't pass data to MainView. Instead, it updates the MainView's RegionCandidates property:
public void HandleRetrieveRegionsEvent() {
RegionAdminServiceAgent agent =
new RegionAdminServiceAgent();
List<Region> regionCandidates = agent.RetriveRegions();
_view.RegionCandidates = regionCandidates;
In MainView's RegionCandidates property, it handles the display of regions:
public List<UIModel.Region> RegionCandidates {
set {
_regionCandidates = value;
This is the whole sequence of retrieving regions and displaying them in the MainView. It definitely involves more steps than simply calling Service Agent to get regions. However, when thinking from the perspective of an enterprise-class application, it not only introduces a loosely coupled design, it also promotes a consistent implementation pattern. This can greatly simplify maintenance and knowledge-transfer for a development team.
Just one more comment about this code example: the whole sequence starts with the first Windows Forms load event. A more advanced implementation could start with Controller and let Controller decide what the first form is to be loaded.
Wrapping Up
In this article, I introduced one approach to UI architecture design based on extending the MVP pattern. UI applications can be complicated and there are many different flavors of UI application design. The technique I present in this article represents one of these many solutions. This is a useful technique in many situations, but be sure it suits your requirements before implementing it.
There are already many UI frameworks on the market and many are based on MVP, Model-View-Controller or patterns developed as extensions of these two. A good first step is to see what major parts are implemented by these frameworks—for example, like the way I abstracted the UI architecture in this article. Falling into implementation details without first considering the big picture is not good architectural thinking. Starting with a broad architectural understanding of the problem at hand ensures not only that the foundational problems of system architecture are resolved, but also that a repeatable and well-thought-out design can be followed.
Finally, in the example of this article, the Controller implementation was created with C#. A better approach might be to use a process flow technology such as Windows Workflow Foundation, which may allow a more flexible design and implementation. However, this technical implementation detail will not affect the underlying principles behind the UI architecture described in this article.
For further discussion of the MVP pattern, see the August 2006 issue of MSDN Magazine.
Zhe Ma is a technical architect of Enterprise Architecture at Unum Group, based in Portland, Maine. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Thanks to the following technical expert for reviewing this article: Don Smith


text:
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In 2012, The National Funeral Directors Association reported that the national median cost of a funeral was $7,045. It a vault is included, something that is typically required by a cemetery, the median cost $8,343. Few people are lucky enough to have this large sum at their quick disposal, which means that many families will have to dip into their savings accounts or take out loans to cover these expenses.
When a loved one dies, grieving family members and friends are often under great emotional distress. We've all "been there", knowing that someone needs our help, but we just aren't sure how to step in and help. By starting a Move Your Mountain online fundraising campaign, friends and family can help you raise money to help cover these expenses. This also provides a place for your network to share kind words and memories about the deceased.
A Move Your Mountain fundraiser gives the community an opportunity to stay connected while easing to burden of the grieving family.
Starting an online fundraising campaign is easy to do and FREE to set up!


text:
I'm not good at catching the humor so many critics laud this book for having. This isn't to say the novel isn't funny -it is- or that it isn't good -it is- but that maybe my personal experience robs the novel of some of the humor and tilts it more towards the side of sadness that Stanley Booth saw within it.
I don't doubt that much of the humor people see in it stems from the outlandishly country, poor, uneducated and simple people who populate the novel as the people Suttree calls friends and acquaintances. Are they outlandish? Yes. Are they humorous? To a degree. But these are also people that, for me, had an air of genuineness.
Which may be more of a reflection of my own rural upbringing than anything else. Stories of people doing crazy things, being around people doing ill-advised things, people living relatively modest and simple lives are things I'm accostomed to. They are familiar. And from how Suttree has been described as semi-autobiographical, I have a feeling that McCarthy may share similar feelings.
So while I can smile at the misadventures, I don't see them as starkly comedic that seems to be implied by the majority of reviews that I have read. This is not Cormac McCarthy doing Catch-22 or Breakfast of Champions. This is Cormac McCarthy stepping a bit outside of his norm and excelling with it.
The Faulkner comparisons are apt. Suttree reads like a Faulkner novel, though more entertainingly. Time and voice shifts throughout, characters drift to and from the action, as you read the novel nearly has the feeling of a kaleidoscope. Though it's not the rough edged jumble of a William S. Burroughs novel, this kaleidoscope does seem to have the hand of a higher power at work, gently nudging it along to places it was destined to go at times it was destined to be there.


text:
The largest city of Gujarat, Ahmedabad has earned a reputation and recognition for its textile industry. Due to rapid growth in textile industry, it has earned a tile as the Manchester of the East. There are quite a few interesting places in and around Ahmedabad.
Budget Hotels in Ahmedabad
There are good budget hotels in Ahmedabad. Some of them are DRH Regency (Tariff – Rs.1500), Hotel Madhuvan (Tariff – Rs.1,000), Hotel Damjis (Tariff – Rs.1700) and Hotel Marshall (Tariff –1900).
The official language Ahmedabad is Gujarati. The other languages spoken include Hindi and English.
Events in Ahmedabad
One of the Important Festivals of Ahmedabad is Uttarayana (January).
Places to See in Ahmedabad
There are several places of tourist attraction in Ahmedabad. Some of the places include Lake Kankaria (4 kms from Ahmedabad),Bhadra Fort (7.5 kms from Ahmedabad),Dada Hari Vav (18 kms from Ahmedabad),Shaking Minarets (8 kms from Ahmedabad),Akshardham Temple (7 kms from Ahmedabad),Sidi Sayed Mosque(18 kms from Ahmedabad) and Kankaria Lake (3 kms from Ahmedabad).
How to Get There
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport is located 15 kms away from the city. The airport is situated 8 km from Ahmedabad railway junction.
Ahmedabad railway junction is also called as Kalupur Station. The railway line connects to major destinations of Gujarat. The other stations in Ahmedabad include Maninagar,Vatva, Gandhigram, Asarva, Chandlodia, Kali gam, Vastrapur, Sabarmati, Sarkhej, Naroda and Aaml.
Ahmedabad has buses well connected to all the major destinations of Gujarat. Some of the best bus operators that offer good experience for passengers are Shrinath Travel Agency, Angel Tours & Travels and Jay Bhavani Travels. Avail of bus ticket offers from Ticketgoose.com when you book your tickets online.
Ahore or Ahor is a village located in the Jalore district of Rajasthan. Jalore is situated 17 km east from Ahore village. It is also the Tehsil headquarters and falls under the Jodhpur Division. It lies in between the road of Jalore and Jodhpur. Ahore is famous for temples like Parshwadi, Vimalnathji Mandir, Shantinathji, and Sureshawar Mandir (10 km). It is well-known for its steel handicraft, railings, grills and steel made gates for temples.
Places to Stay
Ahore offers plenty of hotels to stay for tourists. They are Raghu Ratan Palace (Tariff - Rs. 800), Hotel Amar (Tariff - Rs. 900), Hotel City Palace (Tariff - Rs. 1000), and Hotel Geetco (Tariff - Rs. 1000).
Hindi and Rajasthani are the main languages spoken in Ahore. English is also well understood by the locals here.
Vijay Dashmi Mela is the main event held in Ahore village during the month of October.
Places to Visit
There are plenty of tourist attractions nearby Ahore. They are Jalore (19 km), Sumerpur (43 km), Sheoganj (43 km), Raniwara (41 km), Sirohi (60 km), Pali (79 km), and Jodhpur.
How to Get There
Jodhpur Airport is the nearest air connectivity to Ahore located at 115 km from the town.
Jalore Railway Station is the nearest railway station to Ahore situated at a distance of 16 km.
Ahore lies on Jalore-Sanderao road SH-16 connecting to all major cities and villages of Jalore and other parts of Rajasthan. Many privately owned bus services run from major cities of India to Ahore. Some of the best travel services to reach Ahore are SRS Travels and Rajendra Travels. TicketGoose.com is your one stop solution for all your bus travel needs. Bus ticket online booking has never been easier through Ticketgoose.com's mobile apps.


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Bubble wrap pitched as cheap lab equipment
Speed read
- The wrapping material's 'bubbles' can be injected with reagents and then sealed
- As well as chemical reactions, the common material can be used for medical tests
- But the idea has yet to be tested in resource-poor countries
Harvard University chemist George Whitesides and his team showed in an Analytical Chemistry paper last month (1 July) that bubble wrap's gas-filled compartments could be used to conduct chemical reactions and tests, such as measurements of blood glucose levels.
They developed the idea after visiting labs in India, Vietnam and Zambia and noticing that many lacked test tubes and other glassware for running blood tests, culturing bacteria or storing urine samples.
"The scientists do, however, often have bubble wrap around the lab because other equipment is shipped in it," explains Dionysios Christodouleas, one of the paper's authors.
Bubble wrap has several characteristics that make it attractive as a container for liquid samples, the authors say. The 'bubbles' offer a transparent, naturally sterile and sealed container that is still gas permeable — the latter point being vital for culturing cells. Bubble wrap is also available in a range of sizes and the bubbles are in a regular pattern, which makes it useful for conducting lots of small tests in parallel.
There are also "obvious limitations to the adaptive use of bubble wrap as a container", says Christodouleas.
"It is difficult to anticipate the potential of the idea without it having been thoroughly tested in resource-poor countries."
Charles Dhewa, Knowledge Transfer Africa
"The main one being that the process of filling the bubbles with reagents requires the use of syringes or pipette tips, and sealant [to cover the holes made by the syringes]," he says. "But many labs have at least one pipette, and cheap plastic syringes can be also used to fill the bubbles."
The resulting holes can be closed with cheap acrylate nail hardener, which the researchers say is widely available, or silicone patches.
But the researchers also admit that they have not yet sought feedback from potential users as to how useful the idea is likely to be.
Charles Dhewa, chief executive officer of Zimbabwe-based firm Knowledge Transfer Africa, emphasises that deeper analysis is required. "It is difficult to anticipate the potential of the idea without it having been thoroughly tested in resource-poor countries," he says.
Anthony Gachanja, a chemist at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology in Kenya, says the concept has potential. He suggests using bubble wrap for procedures such as testing soil for nutrients during efforts to increase crop yield.
"Testing water — particularly drinking water — for waterborne diseases is another important application that would help change the quality of life for many communities in Africa," he says. "Instant tests and results would help remote communities make immediate decisions about safety."
The use of bubble wrap for chemical reactions could also spread into the classroom, Gachanja suggests. "It could be made available for chemistry experiments in secondary schools and universities in areas where laboratory facilities are unavailable or cost is a limiting factor."
> Link to abstract in Analytical Chemistry


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Glossary of Instructional Strategies
See on Scoop.it – Educators & PLNs
Design and planning resource for classroom teachers, instructional designers, and professors of education. The glossary lists, describes, and provides links for over 800 educational strategies, theories, and activities.
Leanna K Johnson's insight:
Great resource for teachers, old and new!
See on www.beesburg.com


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By Matthew Sheffield | February 20, 2007 7:43 AM EST
Today is probably going to be the last day of the Lewis "Scooter" Libby trial. I'm going to be in the courtroom blogging the trial for Dean's World. For my coverage and everyone else's see the Media Bloggers Association's Scooter Libby Trial web site. For an idea of what to expect, see Tom Maguire's post here.
Consider this today's open thread.


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Sidewalk Paint Brush Pen, 5 Pack - Multicolor
Make An Impression.
Take your creativity to the sidewalks! Draw a dragon or your favorite flower - the pavement is your canvas. With five neon colors to choose from, simply squeeze the tube, use the soft bristles for a smooth finish and get creative! You buy, Yoobi gives - For every Yoobi item you purchase, a Yoobi item will be donated to a classroom in need, right here in the U.S.
Product Details
- Perfect for arts & crafts
- Sidewalk brush pen paint set, multicolor 5 pack
- Easy wash off, just add water
- Dimensions: 5.12" x 0.98" x 0.98"
Sidewalk Paint Brush Pen, 5 Pack - Multicolor has a rating of 2.7 stars based on 6 reviews.


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Alvie L. Jenkins
- 2455 reads
Alvie L. Jenkins, 93, of Ackerman formerly of Yazoo City, died Monday, April 15, 2019 at Choctaw Nursing and Rehabilitation Center.
A retired educator with The Yazoo City School District' he was a member of Calvary Baptist Church in Yazoo City.
Survivors include his son, Lee Jenkins of Yazoo City; grandson, Chase Jenkins of Birmingham, Ala.; sister, Margie Watkins of Meridian; brother, Raymond Jenkins of Ackerman and several nieces and nephews.
Visitation will be Tuesday, April 16 from 5-7 p.m. at Stricklin-King Funeral Home in Yazoo City.
Services are Wednesday, April 17 at 11 a.m. with Rev. Kerry Burrough officiating. Graveside services will be at 3 p.m. in Salem Cemetery in Choctaw County with Rev. Danny Irwin officiating.
Serving as pallbearers are George Smith, Kyle Lucas, Chase Jenkins, Tim Reed, Bryan Taylor, and Clay Taylor.


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In the WA_Globals.php file, leave the $WAGLOBAL_Shipping_Enabled set to false:
$WAGLOBAL_Shipping_Enabled = false
if you do not wish to use shipping.
Your friends over here at WebAssist! These Dreamweaver extensions will assist you in building unlimited, custom websites.
These out-of-the-box solutions provide you proven, tested applications that can be up and running now. Build a store, a gallery, or a web-based email solution.


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2 dead, 4 injured in school shooting in Marysville
MARYSVILLE, Wash. -- A student opened fire in the cafeteria of Marysville Pilchuck High School late Friday morning, killing another student and wounding four others before killing himself.
Students and a government official identified the shooter as Jaylen Fryberg, a 14-year-old freshman who was reportedly well-liked by other students.
Students and parents said Fryberg was a member of a prominent family from the nearby Tulalip Indian tribes.
"It won't last ... It'll never last," Fryberg said in his last message on Twitter Thursday morning.
Three of the victims had head wounds and were in critical condition. Two unidentified young women were at Providence Everett Medical Center, and 15-year-old Andrew Fryberg was at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, a hospital official said.
Another victim, 14-year-old Nate Hatch, was listed in serious condition at Harborview, the hospital said. Family members told KIRO-TV that Andrew Fryberg and Hatch are cousins of Jaylen Fryberg.
Marysville Police Commander Robb Lamoureux did not identify the shooter, but said the suspect died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. He said the other student who died was female.
Shaylee Bass, 15, a sophomore at the school, said Fryberg had recently gotten into a fight with another boy over a girl.
"He was very upset about that," said Bass, who was stunned by the shooting.
"He was not a violent person," she said. "His family is known all around town. He was very well known. That's what makes it so bizarre."
As night fell after the trying day, hundreds gathered at The Grove Church in Marysville for a vigil of fellowship and prayer. Washington Gov. Jay Inslee was among those in attendance.
Tears dampened the cheeks of parents and children alike. Utterances of "Go Tommies" and "We love our kids" largely replaced "Amen" in the crowded church.
As teens clung to their parents and one another, Pastor Nik Baumgart, himself a MPHS graduate, spoke to and for the ad hoc congregation.
School shootings – community-rattling, faith-challenging events – had been other tragedies for other people, Baumgart said from the lectern. Until Friday.
"Now it's us," Baumgart said. "Now, that's my alma matter."
The shooting traumatized the large, suburban high school, which canceled classes next week. Students struggled to understand what had motivated Fryberg, a popular athlete recently crowned Homecoming prince.
"I don't get it. It's hard to understand," said Jaden Worthington, 14, who was on wrestling and football teams with Fryberg. "He seemed happy."
On Facebook and Instagram, Fryberg's photos showed him smiling, fishing, hunting and hanging out with his girlfriend. One photo showed him smiling while holding a new rifle.
"I am deeply saddened by the terrible tragedy in our local school district," said Tulalip Tribal Chairman Herman Williams, Sr. "Our prayers go out to the families and the entire community.
"These are our children. They are suffering, and their lives will be forever changed."
Three students were initially taken to Providence Regional Medical Center in Everett, where a trauma team sprang into action. One of the students later was moved to Harborview.
"We have dreaded this day in this community, but we were able to handle them if they came," said Dr. Joanne Roberts, Providence's medical director.
Later, she added: "I will tell you -- we will all go home tonight and cry."
Officials initially had trouble identifying the two patients who stayed at Providence due to the brain swelling they suffered.
"It's very hard to establish identities with head injuries, as you can imagine," Roberts said.
However, the victims were identified by early evening with the help of families and police, though hospital officials declined to publicly announce their identities at the families' request. They were out of surgery and in the critical care unit Friday night.
At the evening vigil, songs celebrating God's grace and requesting his protection washed over a crowd of weary parents and crying teens. A handful of boys wore their Tommies football jerseys, while eight members of the Oak Harbor High School football team and one cheerleader attended to show their respects.
The Tomahawks were scheduled to play Friday night at Oak Harbor in a game that would have decided a division championship, but Oak Harbor offered to take second place and the game was canceled.
The weight of the day showed on Marysville Mayor Jon Nehring as he took the stage at the vigil. A father himself, his first words went to the anguish felt by the parents of the shooter and his victims.
Nehring said he couldn't remember if he'd wished his kids well before school that morning, and figured that most other parents wouldn't remember something so mundane.
"We never thought, 'Well, they might not come home,'" the mayor said. "Tonight there are some parents facing that."
"We'll pick up the pieces ... but right now we've gotta get these families taken care of," he added.
The shooting began around 10:40 a.m., when a school resource officer -- a police officer assigned to the high school -- called 911 with a report of a shooting in the cafeteria.
One student told The Herald of Everett that she heard as many as 10 shots in the cafeteria, a pause, then a final shot.
"Everyone jumped under the tables," sophomore Christine Wagner told the newspaper. She ran out of the school and climbed a fence to get away.
Witnesses described the shooter as methodical inside the cafeteria.
Isabella MacKeige, 18, was having lunch with a friend when they suddenly heard gunshots behind them.
"I heard six shots go off and I turned and saw people diving under the tables," she told The Associated Press. "In my brain I thought 'run!' So I left my backpack, my phone and my purse and got out the door as fast as I could."
MacKeige and the other students in the cafeteria rushed out the door. Some students got hurt when they tripped and fell in the chaos, she said. They ran across an open field to the fence that circles the schoolyard and climbed over.
Brian Patrick said his daughter, a freshman, was 10 feet from the gunman when the shooting occurred. She ran from the cafeteria and immediately called her mother.
Patrick said his daughter told him, "The guy walked into the cafeteria, pulled out a gun and started shooting. No arguing, no yelling."
The school went on lockdown and heavily armed police swarmed the campus.
At 1 p.m., police had combed through the building in which the cafeteria is located, then made a second search of the building, securing it before 2:30 p.m. Hours later, police interviewed about 30 students and staffers as witnesses.
Authorities quickly blocked public access to the school and, as they swept each building, sent students on school buses to the nearby Shoultes Christian Assembly, where students and family members anxiously awaited their reunion.
Several agencies -- Red Cross, State Patrol, Marysville police, Snohomish County Sheriff's Office, fire department chaplains and FBI agents -- filled the parking lot at the church.
Students tearfully reunited with family and left the church, often with arms linked. Kids frantically recounted to each other what they had seen and heard.
"He was that close," one girl told friends, holding her index finger and thumb an inch apart.
One student wore an "Oso Strong" sweatshirt -- a reminder that Snohomish County had already exceeded its share of tragedy this year due to a mudslide that killed 43 people this past spring in a rural part of the county.
Several students were empty-handed because they had left their belongings behind at school. Pizza, water, granola bars and other snacks were brought to the church. Most students hadn't eaten lunch and some witnessed the shooting during their lunch period in the cafeteria.
Jackie Greene and Janine Hastreiter awaited the arrival of their sons -- best friends and freshmen Sean Greene and Gryffin Hastreiter -- at the church.
Jackie Greene heard about the shooting through a text from her older daughter.
"There was like 20 minutes that I didn't know (my son was safe)," Greene said. "That's the worst."
Eventually, Sean texted her that he was fine.
Janine Hastreiter's son also texted her to assure her that he was OK.
The mothers were glad that cell phones allowed their children to relay that they were safe.
Hastreiter looked down at her cell phone and received another message that her son was still at the school, waiting to be taken to the church.
"If my son gets in trouble, we still won't take away his cell phone," she said.
Torin Davenport, 15, eating the provided snacks outside the church, was still in shock about the shooting.
"I didn't think this would ever happen at a school like this," he said.
Davenport had just left the cafeteria and entered shop class before the shooting occurred. The classroom was loud while students worked on cars, but then an alarm sounded.
He initially thought it was a fire drill, but a woman ran into the room yelling, "Get down," he said.
Davenport saw kids running outside. Nobody could tell what happened.
"I was just laying down," he said. He stayed in the classroom for a couple hours.
Student Jaden Wolfington was in P.E. class when the fire alarm sounded and people yelled to stay inside.
"We didn't really know what was happening, we just saw a lot of police show up," Wolfington said.
Trinity Wolfington, 16, knew Fryberg and said he seemed "really nice."
She noted that Fryberg and his girlfriend reportedly broke up the previous day and that perhaps he was upset about that. But she would not have pegged him as someone capable of opening fire at fellow students.
"I never would have expected that from him," she said.
Trinity and Jaden's mother then arrived at the church, crying.
Marysville is a small city of more than 60,000 people just north of Everett. It is known as "The Strawberry City" for the berry fields that once surrounded it. Nearby is the Tulalip Indian Reservation, which operates a large casino and resort.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.


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September 25th, 2018
All The Shady Ladies
They're the sunglasses Beyonce made famous. KREWE comes to Houston this weekend for a killer sample sale.
KREWE Sample Sale
Rice Village
2509 Amherst Street
From hangovers to hiding behind no mascara, your sunglasses see you through your hardest times.
Stock up on your soulmate sunnies during the one-day-only KREWE Sample Sale this Sat, Sept 29, from 8 a.m. - 4 p.m. at the brand's temporary set-up in Rice Village. Score up to 80% off handmade sunglasses and eyeglasses from the New Orleans-based label that celebs like Beyonce and Gigi rock. The man behind the brand, Stirling Barrett, is an SMU grad and CFDA finalist. RSVP here for access to the killer sale.
Maybe you'll even find your BFF: Best Frames Forever.