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What is the next generation view for Automated Meter Infrastructures (AMI) currently being placed into service?
Have utilities fully optimized the benefits of these systems and the networks that support them?
Most utilities are very familiar with the value AMI systems have brought to utilities. Points such as improved financials from the billing and customer service perspective deservedly get front row seats. Another benefit that has been realized is value added services to both the utility and customer such as better system non-revenue management and customer consumption awareness.
Yet, can there be more derived from these systems? The short answer is yes but, that would be no fun to stop there!
Currently, discussion across the utility industry has centered on bringing more functionality across the AMI system networks; leak detection has matured as one example of additional functionality within AMI systems. Others being discussed include pressure, residual monitoring and hydrant flow monitoring. In some cases, creative uses like monitoring sanitary sewer overflows and underpass water levels are a reality.
So yes, more can be derived but what does the new AMI system look like and how would it be operated?
The full system architecture still requires definition but there is certainty that a variety of data points can be delivered through these systems to both utilities and cities seeking to better understand their environment. At a very high level, the system architecture would be comprised of a unified communications layer that delivers the data points from a variety of sensors to a data warehouse accessible to both utility and city decision makers. Data could reside either within an already owned IT footprint or in the cloud depending on a variety of considerations.
How is the network constructed and operated is another question to be answered. In working with utilities across the country, West Monroe Partners has embraced the perspective of collaboration between public and private utilities building singular telecommunication networks and developing service level agreements that support data hosting and operational efficiencies. Of course, the devil is in the details and how the actual architectural diagram may look and who owns and operates what remains to be defined and is customizable to the specific environment. In brief summary, a singular network would be reflective of a working together model that benefits rate payers, addresses ecological concerns and favorably aligns with business case principals.
Requirements to realize the singular network architecture include developing regulatory support, driving interoperability through all levels of the system and provisioning strong oversight through inter-agency agreements and detailed cost/revenue sharing models. All of which are manageable with appropriate direction and a will to succeed. The result mitigates redundancy in cost that ultimately passes to the rate payers and provides communities with a system that delivers data for utility and city decision makers.


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Stories is a big thing, and Snap should be happy that the mega-popular Snapchat feature has been copied so much.
Of course, the main entity copying the Snapchat feature is Facebook, which has already brought the feature to Instagram, and even the main social media app is getting the feature as well. And now, another Facebook-owned app is getting Stories: WhatsApp.
The new Stories feature in WhatsApp begins rolling out today, for the iPhone app, Android users, and even Windows Phone users, because why not. The WhatsApp variant of the feature works in the same way: Take a photo with the in-app camera, and then you can edit that photo with text, emoji, and drawings. There's a new "Status" tab, and the story will appear there, hosted for 24 hours before it disappears.
As The Verge reports, WhatsApp is symbolizing the eighth birthday of the messaging app:
"When WhatsApp launched nearly 8 years ago (on Feb. 24th), it started as an app for sharing status updates, where people could type a short line of text to let their friends know what they were up to," the company said in a blog post. "When we noticed people were using the feature to communicate in real time, we redesigned WhatsApp as a messaging app."
It isn't a secret at this point that Facebook wants to blunt the growth of Snapchat, which is one reason why the Snapchat-like Stories keeps showing up in Facebook's apps.
[via The Verge]

subset: commoncrawl


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Last night's devastating trade data from China had the bad-news-is-good-news crowd chomping at the bit over the next massive stimulus that 'surely China will unleash...because they've got so much in reserves'. However, as we have explained previously, Chinese premier Li Keqiang destroyed those expectations last night when he ruled out major stimulus to fight short-term dips in growth. Unlike his 'desperate for a short-term fix' colleagues in the west, Li stated more thoughtfully (and perhaps more knowingly given his country's pending credit bubble crash), "we will instead focus more on medium- to long-term healthy development."
As Reuters reports, even as big falls in imports and exports data reinforced forecasts that the world's second-largest economy has slowed notably at the start of 2014, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang ruled out major stimulus to fight short-term dips in growth.
Li stressed on Thursday that job creation was the government' policy priority, telling an investment forum on the southern island of Hainan that it did not matter if growth came in a little below the official target of 7.5 percent.
"We will not take, in response to momentary fluctuations in economic growth, short-term and forceful stimulus measures," Li said in a speech.
"We will instead focus more on medium- to long-term healthy development."
His comments are among the clearest yet on the government's plans for the economy, which has rattled global investors this year with a surprisingly lackluster performance.
Of course hope spring eternal among the stimulate-or-die, band-aids forever strategist crowd...
The almost unabated run of disappointing data this year has fuelled investor speculation the government would loosen fiscal or monetary policy more dramatically to shore up activity.
This kind of collapse in data would be a huge buying signal for Western stocks...
But authorities so far have resisted broad stimulus measures. On Wednesday, the top economic planning agency said the government had less room to underpin growth because it did not want to inflate local debt risks. And now Premier Li's more blunt words should make it clear that global investors riding the wave of moar free money to China's shores should look elsewhere.


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Aly & Aj
AJ Michalka currently filming a new western movie
Jul - 03 2012 |
no comments.
– AJ Michalka has begun filming a western movie called 'Jesus In Cowboy Boots'. The above picture is from the set. AJ told fans how excited she is about the movie because she has always wanted to film a western. Looking forward to hearing more news about your upcoming film AJ!
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Young celebs attend party at Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel (photos under)
May - 11 2012 |
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Several of our favorite young stars attended the NYLON Magazine And Tommy Girl Celebrate The Annual May Young Hollywood Issue Party last night, May 9, at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in Hollywood. Chelsea Kane was joined by her Baby Daddy cast while Aly and AJ Michalka mingled with Emma Roberts. James Maslow chatted with Chord Overstreet at the event. Drew Roy and Darren Criss also attended the shindig, as did Jennifer Stone and Mitchel Musso.
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Alyson And A.J. Michalka Renaissance Faire Fantastic (photos under)
May - 06 2012 |
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– Aly And A.J Michalka participated in the The Original Renaissance PleasureFaire in Irwindale, CA on May 5th. The ladies went medieval and even took part in archery activities. Be sure to check out more photo's of the fun sisters below the cut!
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Aly & AJ Worked Late into the night on 'Hellcats'
Feb - 03 2011 |
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AJ Michalka holds sister Aly close while being reunited on the set of 'Hellcats'. AJ tweeted:"Aly and I after a long day on Hellcats! Had an amazing shoot, more to come." AJ has recently joined the 'Hellcats' cast with her sister for a multi-episode arc beginning with "Remember When" airing on February 8th on the CW.
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Hellcats – Aly Michalka – Midseason Preview (video)
Jan - 22 2011 |
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– Aly Michalka gives an exclusive preview of what's to come for her character Marti when "Hellcats" returns with new episodes on a new night: Tuesday January 25 at 9/8c. thx vintage_megan.
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Aly & AJ Michalka update their fans about 78violet
Nov - 21 2010 |
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– Aly and AJ Michalka update their fans about their upcoming ventures with their band 78violet in this video they posted on YouTube. Earlier this month, a behind the scenes look at the recording of the Hellcats theme song "Belong Here" was released.
Aly shared a funny story in their video update about people thinking the song was called "The Long Hair" and not "Belong Here." Ha! The sisters said that the song is only the beginning of a lot of new music. 78violet will be back in the studio this spring! source; dashuzza.
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Aly Michalka: Male Cheerleaders Are Hot!
Nov - 10 2010 |
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– Aly Michalka is turning heads with her cheers, backflips and abs on Hellcats. The 21-year-old actress opened up to Maxim mag about those abs, the worst pick-up line ever and why male cheerleaders are hot to her. Check it:
On male cheerleaders: "Male cheerleaders are extremely masculine, especially when you understand how athletic these guys need to be. They are literally holding 120-pound girls up in the air with one hand. That's pretty insane! A lot of these guys are actually dating their stunt partner or the flyer on one of the teams."
On being proud of her abs: ...
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ashley tisdale looks cute in her halloween costume!
Nov - 02 2010 |
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Hellcats star Ashley tisdale looked cute in her wonder woman costume! Also, here she's posing with the rest of her hellcats cast! Who do you think had the best outfit?
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Ashley Tisdale
Aly & AJ Michalka: Halloween Hotties (photos under)
Nov - 01 2010 |
no comments.
Showing off their sexy side, Aly and AJ Michalka were spotted out in West Hollywood for Halloween last night (October 31). The showbiz sisters hit up a fabulous fete at the Pandora club and took some time along the way to pose for the paparazzi.
Coming up on Wednesday, Aly and her "Hellcats" crew return with a sizzling episode called "Back of a Car."
Per the show's website, "For their anniversary party, the Hellcats plan an 80s party to celebrate, complete with costumes and a musical number by Vanessa (Sharon Leal). Savannah ( Ashley Tisdale) decides she's ready to spend ...
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Ashley Tisdale
"Hellcats" Stars: Hard at Work in Vancouver (photos)
Oct - 15 2010 |
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Continuing to work away on their brand new show, the stars of "Hellcats" gathered together on-set in Vancouver, Canada on Thursday (October 14). With Ashley Tisdale paired up for scenes with Matt Barr, the pair were joined by co-stars Aly Michalka, Debby Allen, Jeff Hephner and Heather Hemmens during the rainy day shoot.
And while "Hellcats" is on hiatus next week, fans can look forward to an all-new episode on The CW airing Wednesday, October 27th.
Titled "The Match Game," the latest installment is "centered around a cheerleader auction, as the team sells itself to the highest bidder in order ...
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Ashley Tisdale
Did AJ cheat on her new older rebound bf?
Oct - 13 2010 |
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Do you think she cheated? Who knows tbh but who gets over an ex that fast? And I think it was dumb of them to RT them. Anyways Check out the tweets under the cut!
Oh and AJ's ex Hunter Parrish if you didn't know…they broke up 2 months ago-
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We're thrilled at the positive response to Barre Meets Yoga among our yoga-loving clients. But we're even more excited to introduce the fundamentals of this entirely new workout — and entirely new moves and sequences – to a larger audience.
To motivate you even more (and give you a taste of the fun) we're breaking down three key poses that will make your first workout that much better. Grab a mat and let's get moving!
Downward Dog
1. Come to all fours with hands under your shoulders and knees under your hips.
2. Tuck your toes under and lift your hips in an upward diagonal while pressing firmly through your hands.
3. Press your heels towards the floor, feeling a deep stretch through your hamstrings.
4. Relax your head to open your shoulders.
Warrior II
1. Come to a deep lunge with your front thigh parallel to the floor.
2. Keep front leg as it is and ground your back heel so that your back foot is perpendicular to your front.
3. Keep front knee pointing forward over 2nd toe as you open your shoulders to the side so they are in the same line as front thigh.
4. Extend your arms long and gaze past your front arm.
Warrior III
1. Start in a deep lunge with your knee and toe pointing straight forward.
2. Bring your hands to prayer position and tip your spine forward, reaching long through your head and tailbone.
3. Scoop your abs in, shift your weight forward into your front foot and lift your back leg.
4. Lengthen your spine perpendicular to the floor while shooting energy out through your head and toes.
Now that you've mastered the moves, ready to try Barre Meets Yoga? Get started here.
Want more tastes of our best moves? Check out our Focus on Form series here.


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Re: Michael Hudson on Iceland and Latvia
Michael Hudson had an interesting piece on Counterpunch that a friend brought to my attention, entitled "Why Iceland and Latvia Won't (and Can't) Pay for the Kleptocrats' Ripoffs." I have mixed feelings about Counterpunch, and this article is a case in point for why I do not read it regularly. While it is a fine alternative to the corporate media, and fervently opposes corporatism and the lobbyist machine in Washington (rightly so), I feel the commentators chosen are often guilty of "missing the forest for the trees," so to speak. (This is not always true by any means; they recently put out an excellent article by Paul Craig Roberts, "Americans: Serfs Ruled by Oligarchs."
Back to Hudson's article. As the title implies, the bailout debt bondage was imposed by kleptocrats — the British and Dutch governments that are pressuring less-developed debtor nations to pony up for their banks' intentionally rampant and irresponsible credit inflation, and the ensuing mass insolvency. However, Hudson makes the tragic mistake of therefore absolving the responsibility for the kleptocratic and plutocratic actions of the governments of debtor nations themselves. As if there was no incentive for public officials, such as in Iceland, to fully privatize the banking infrastructure to the very state-created and state-maintained corporate banking cartels that have been washing taxpayer money into their pockets for years!
I believe by the time I got to this gem — "The neoliberal foreign advisors and creditors pressured these governments to sell off the banks and public infrastructure to insiders" — I stopped taking the article seriously. PRESSURED!? What kind of imbeciles are we talking about here? We all know how where "pressure" on politicians come from — the lining of their pockets with the profits of corruption. Does Hudson think we are really so stupid so as to believe that governments were somehow "forced" or "pressured" to allow this? Politicians allowed the bubble economy to come to be because they profited from it, and continue to profit from it through allegiances gained as a result of this bank-made economic crisis.
While Hudson rightfully points out the predatory nature of the debts in question, he attempts to strawman the "free market" by dishonestly and erroneously conflating it with neoliberalism — as often is the case, unfortunately, on Counterpunch, as well as in the corporate media. He, thus, erroneously conflates the consequences of mixed economic theory with his perverted conception of a free market. This is not to say that neoliberalism — the "free market" as Hudson sees it — is sustainable or ethical, but it is worth mentioning, as he appears to believe that neoliberalism and the "free market" are the same thing. Nothing could be further from the truth; neoliberalism is about as close to a free market as Stalinism. But what do you expect from a Keynesian? It's always the same types of arguments — we need governments to intervene, to solve the structural problems wrought by previous government interventions. "Everything is the free market's fault! Now we need the governments — those same governments which collectively propped up insolvent financial structures and institutions in favor of finance oligarchs — to graciously 'save' their population from those very same fraudsters!"
The situation at hand has nothing to do with free markets. Big banks (certainly in the UK and the Netherlands) exist as uniquely privileged cartels. Think about it: licenses, capital reserve requirements, legal fees, specified corporate and capital structures, regulatory reporting, accounting compliance, audit compliance, etc. Our admittedly neoliberal governments inherently bar entry into the banking (or virtually any other) industry for the vast majority of citizens, while allowing a few highly privileged corporations to run hog-wild in the ensuing monopolistic paradise of economic rent. And this is on top of capitalism's natural barriers to market entry — grounded in the legitimization of theft from the commons in favor of the landowning class.
So, to Hudson, "the ideology of free markets…turns out to be a junk economics favorable to banks and global creditors." And he leaves it at that. Oh, because it was the banks, not governments, who collectively bailed out the banks and submitted their future populations to debt bondage by those very bankers, right? As if governments should not be held accountable to their citizens for not only allowing, but colluding with central banks to artificially incentivize the guarantee of massive debts?
Let me tell you something: Central banks can have no monopoly (this is maintained by state governments), nor could they exist as they are (currency monopolies), in a free market. It is only in the kleptocratic and collusive venue of government and big business wherein banks are capable of such massive theft and fraud. As Max Keiser pointed out on France24, it's simply called money laundering. People need to stop deluding themselves, foolishly thinking that the same kleptocrats and plutocrats that are robbing them blind are magically going to "save" them by 1) bailing out insolvent banks and publicly taking on trillions in insolvent assets, and 2) feining this disgusting charade that they are going to "stand up" to the very banks, the very lions, that they've already thrown their people to.
What, now that the Icelandic government is "standing up to the banks" (see how long that lasts, and who benefits in the end), they are no longer "kleptocrats," but heroes? This is my problem with a lot of writers that appear on Counterpunch. What begins as sound rationale inevitably ends as simply straw-manning right-wing ideology (and nothing more), rather than saying anything meaningful. To what ends? To rile up a bunch of progressive fascists against a bunch of neoconservative and neoliberal fascists? Great, because the government Hudson would like to see imposed on the people is a far better alternative. Hudson, of all people, who understands the destructive nature of bubble economies, continues to operate on historically unfounded fallacies — how he can absolve responsibility for the actions of government on either side of the equation is beyond me.
In this way, the ideas often espoused on Counterpunch — and certainly by Hudson — in one form or another, are simply models that will inevitably perpetuate the status quo. While the post-Bretton Woods financial system in many ways is transforming, you would have to be foolish to believe (regarding GATT, the IMF, the World Bank) that the governments that willfully engaged in such rampant exploitation and imperialism are not rebuilding (or have not rebuilt) the infrastructure to do so again. Readers of publications like Counterpunch need to look a lot deeper than the ideas offered therein to understand the nature of globalization and the international banking cartels.
Too many people continue to operate under the fallacy that more government intervention into banking institutions and more government interventions via monetary policy will solve this economic crisis. The state-provided regulations and state-provided bailout funds that characterize the banking system — and maintain it at taxpayer expense — could not exist, obviously, without the corrupt public officials now sought out to be saviors of the public good. Hudson is right — the British and Dutch governments are kleptocracies — but he is very wrong when he suggests that the Icelandic and Latvian governments are not.


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Nup. We're not okay with this. 18-year-old male model Lucky Blue Smith is expecting his first child, literally shattering all of our dreams.
Lucky just announced to his 2.8 million Instagram followers that his 26-year-old model girlfriend Stormi Bree is pregnant (okay we'll give up being sh*tty now and actually be happy for the couple).


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HEMA Affiliated Centers
The Department of Forestry and Natural Resource's HEMA lab research affiliations are listed here:
Purdue Discovery Park Center for the Environment. The Center for the Environment (C4E) is devoted to the study of environmental quality and economics at regional scales. The multidisciplinary center involves over 200 faculty from over 5 different colleges at Purdue's main campus and the Purdue North-Central campus.
Purdue Interdisciplinary Center for Ecological Sustainability. PICES is a multidisciplinary group of faculty in the Colleges of Agriculture and Science who are interested in issues related to sustainability and ecosystems.
Purdue Climate Change Research Center. This research group is composed of faculty from several departments that focus on issues of related to understanding the biophysical and human dimensions of climate change at different spatial and temporal scales.
Purdue Terrestrial Observatory. PTO is an organization of faculty and staff devoted to increasing the use of remote sensing information in research and decsion making. Purdue has invested substantial resources in establishing real-time satellite imagery downloads.
Laboratory for Remote Sensing (LARS). One of the oldest remote sensing research laboratories in the world is located here at Purdue.
Ecological Sciences and Engineering (ESE). This is an Interdisciplinary Graduate Program (IGP) at Purdue. Graduate students can study a variety of topics across areas in engineering, science and agriculture.
Last updated March 6, 2011


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I'm a big fan of scripting my plot creation. I also use python for all of my data acquisition and analysis. This naturally put me in a spot to dive into matplotlib when it came time to create figures for a paper I'm working on. It took a bit of digging, but I worked through the kinks and put together a 3D surface plot (with contours) that is PDF and publication ready. I addressed the several issues by overriding the defaults. I want to clarify that I like the defaults for on-screen display, presentations, and posters, but they weren't quite right for a tiny two-pane figure in a two-column manuscript. Things I "fixed" include:
- Too many ticks and labels
- Small fonts (when reduced to publication dimensions)
- Tick labels misaligned relative to ticks (problem seems to come from using larger fonts to fix the previous issue)
- Odd axes label alignment, rotation, and placement
- Busy background (removed the gray panes with gridlines)
Some of the solutions were easy, some are hackish and only one uses the lightly-documented _axinfo dict. I'll highlight a few snippets that were useful in this process (full code linked below).
Continue reading


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The Barbican Goes Electronic
This spring sees the Barbican hosts a range of events that meet at the intersection of electronica, sound art and audio visual manipulation. James Holden and Marcus du Sautoy combine electronic experimentalism with neuroscientific concepts; Ryoji Ikeda returns to the Barbican to present his latest display of music, art and technology; and The Light Surgeons bring their blend of striking visual manipulation and live music. Thus for the more pioneering electronic audience it seems to be a smorgasbord of education and passion as some of electronic music's most coveted figures explore and blur the outer boundaries of what makes music so appealing and with the ever developing rise of 'live' shows these experimental events aren't to be missed.
Further details of all upcoming events can be found at http://www.barbican.org.uk


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The Department of Defense announced today the death of eight Marines and two airmen who were supporting Operation Enduring Freedom. All 10 died Feb. 17, when two CH-53 helicopters crashed into the Gulf of Aden in the vicinity of Ras Siyyan, northern Djibouti, while flying a training mission in the Godoria Range area. The Marines and airmen were deployed to Djibouti as part of the Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa.
The Marines were assigned to Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 464, Marine Air Group 29, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing, II Marine Expeditionary Force, New River, N.C.
1st Lt. Brandon R. Dronet, 33, of Erath, La.
Sgt. James F. Fordyce, 22, of Newton Square, Pa.
Lance Cpl. Samuel W. Large, Jr., 21, of Villa Rica, Ga.
Sgt. Donnie Leo F. Levens, 25, of Long Beach, Miss.
Cpl. Matthieu Marcellus, 31, of Gainesville, Fla.
Sgt. Jonathan E. McColley, 23, of Gettysburg, Pa.
Lance Cpl. Nicholas J. Sovie, 20, of Ogdensburg, N.Y.
Capt. Bryan D. Willard, 33, of Hummelstown, Pa.
The airmen were:
SrA. Alecia S. Good, 23, of Broadview Heights, Ohio 92nd Communications Squadron, Fairchild Air Force Base, Wash.
Staff Sgt. Luis M. Melendez Sanchez, 33, of Bayamon, Puerto Rico. 1st Communications Squadron, Langley Air Force Base, Va.
"We miss you and love you so very much."
Anonymous of Spokane, WA
"I never want to forget the sacrifices of so many young men and women. I am so proud it makes me cry. I understand in theory only that war is a part of human nature but so is love and caring. I wish I could take the families pain away but I can't. I am committed to loving ALL people, myself and our environment. I am committed to working on my happiness everyday because so many have died for my freedom to live my life. Thank you is not enough but it is all I have. All my love and respect. firstname.lastname@example.com"
Scott Steiner of Gahanna, OH / USA
"I was recently at an American Legion in NH and was given a black metal "service bracelet" with the name of Senior Airman Alecia S Good of Broadview Heights, OH. I never knew Alecia or any of her family, but, I proudly wear her name on my wrist everyday. THANK YOU ALICIA for serving our country and giving me the freedom I have today."
Jill of New Hampshire
"july 26, 2008
We went to tech school together. Had so much fun together and got into so much trouble together! we lost touch and when trying to find you I find that you have past, this is truly heart breaking. You were one cool * chick and I'll never forget you good!"
lauren of nj
"I am sad to say I never had the opprotunity to meet SrA Alecia Good however, I have been assigned to the squadron and shop she was in. On a weekly basis I am updating paperwork and inventories on deployable equipment with her name as the recent operator and/or specialist that did the inventory. Her memory is definately not forgotten and her memorial in the squadron halls is a reminder that FREEDOM ISN'T FREE."
Anthony Arias of Fairchild Air Force Base, WA
"September 30, 2007
To the family of Senior Airman Alecia S. Good. Alecia gave the ultimate sacrifice and will be held in the hearts of Americans forever. I cannot and will not let our fallen heroes be forgotten. My deepest sympathy to you. "Some gave all."
Peggy Childers
"Don't Let The Memory Of Them Drift Away"
Peggy Childers of Carson City, NV
I would like to say thank you to you and your fellow servicemen who died in that crash for your service and sacrifice for our Country. And to your family and loved ones, I wish to extend my deepest sympathy."
Mike Casey of El Paso, Texas
"Ashely, I'm so sorry for your loss. I came across this site while trying to research Alecia to have her honored on a new website called They Have Names. Would you please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com so that Alecia may be honored for her service and commitment to our country. Again, you have my deepest sympathies."
sue of pompton plains, NJ USA
"Alecia, you are always in my thoughts. My prayers are with your family. 19 Oct 2006."
Angela of Langley AFB, VA
"I miss my twin sister so much it is killing me inside. I wish I could just wake up from this nightmare."
Ashley Good of Pacifica, California
"Ashley, my thoughts and prayers were with you on July 28th."
Angie Lindberg of Dixon CA
"We Will NEVER FORGET !"
Please KNOW so many people share your sadness,�
and we are remembering your family in your loss and your deep grief.�
Our nations HERO,�Alecia�will be remembered by name.�
Our thoughts and prayers are with you.
Pat & Sandi Breckenridge / Montana�
May we always remember: FREEDOM ISN'T FREE!�"
"So nice to see others had paid their respects and remembered Alecia today.
Her family, especially Ashley and Tabatha are in my prayers every day."
Angie Lindberg of Dixon Ca
"Today I took part in a motorcycle benefit called the Freedom Ride. There were over 20,000 motorcycles. At registration we received 'mock' dog tags for fallen soldiers and then traveled 50 miles on our motorcycles to the Middle East Wars Wall. We located our soldier's name there. I had the pleasure of wearing Alecia Sabrina Good's dog tag, I still have it, would love to send it to her family. I've spent the evening researching her on the internet, I feel left out that I didn't have the pleasure of knowing her when she was on this earth. Thank you, Alecia!!!!"
Tracey B. of Dwight, IL
"Thank you Alecia Good, you will not be forgotten. Your bravery goes beyond words. I want to express my deepest gratitude for your sacrifice. To the family and friends, my prayers and deep condolences in your loss. May God strengthen you from knowing that fellow Americans and people around the world care about you and grieve with you in your loss. God bless you all. A very appreciative fellow American,"
Leo Titus of Grayslake, Illinios
"To the family and friends of SrA. Alecia Good:
May God's grace be with you during your time of grief. Please know that our thoughts and prayers are with you and we feel your loss and share in your sorrow. Bless Alecia for the sacrifice she has made to make a better life for the rest of us."
The Ford Family of Wells, Nevada
"To the family and friends of SrA. Alecia Good:
I am saddened by the loss of your loved one. She will always be remembered as a hero for fighting for freedom. I hope that this website will be a source of comfort and encouragement for you during this difficult time, and in the future as you recall the memories of Alecia, who continues to live on in your heart."
Tim Rivera of Powder Springs, Georgia


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If preppy is a certain mindset, Band of Outsiders, both Boy and Girl, has it mastered, infusing genuine, early-'80s blueblood sportswear with a blown-out modern chic.
The misted models in Girl patiently glistened in faint floral prints on light-and-airy rompers at once the uniform of fond nostalgia and perfectly hip summer rambles in 2011 and beyond. Clean-lined retro country club gear got an edgy update with skewed seams and spare silhouettes as effortlessly cool as the queen of prep school herself.
Boys in Boy sported a slightly nerdy jock look alongside their female counterparts, with just enough swagger--shrunken fits and washed-out maybe-madras plaid--to pull off preppy 2.0.
The line to get into the presentation was thick even before the official start time, with New York's closest thing to California-cool hipsters inexplicably managing to show up on time, and the doors were ultimately closed before everyone could get in. Overheard while we waited, a bright young thing in Chuck Taylors looked around incredulously, murmuring, "I wasn't aware they were this popular." They certainly are, and we're betting in seasons to come the crush only intensifies.


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Pendlebury Health Centre659 Bolton RoadPendleburySwinton, M27 8HPTel: 0161 983 0940
Every month the practice will be leading on various health promotion campaigns where we will have patient information available for you, health promotion displays in the surgery and we will be encouraging patients to engage with us in helping you to help yourself.
We are asking all patients who are ringing for results of investigations, queries with prescriptions, general queries to telephone the practice between 11am - 4.00pm - this means the telephones will be available for those patients who need to see a doctor or nurse that day and also for patients ringing in requesting a visit. Thank you in advance for your cooperation.
Advanced Nurse Practitioners
This practice employs ANP's (Advanced Nurse Practitioners) who are highly qualified individuals who work in a similar way to the GP's, seeing, assessing and sometimes referring patients.
Booking Appointments
Please be aware when booking an appointment the GP's are only given a 10 minute slot for each patient unless it is a non-English speaking patient who has an interpreter or a patient who may require more time because of a disability.
If you feel you may need more than a 10 minute slot please inform the receptionist of this. If you do attend an appointment with a number of health problems the GP may ask you to rebook another appointment so that more time can be spent with you.
If you wish to register for online appointment booking, please speak to the receptionist or contact the practice to be sent your registration details.
Extended Surgery Hours
The practice now offers an extra 6 hours surgery time per week, some weeks this may be a Saturday morning from 9.00am – 12.00pm or a Weekday morning from 7.00am – 8.00am and Wednesday Evening 6.30pm – 7.30pm.
If you work and find it easier to book an appointment out of work times, please feel free to book an appointment in our extended surgery hours.
Every year, millions of us visit our GP with minor health problems that can be easily resolved without a doctor's appointment.
It is estimated that every year, 50 million visits to the GP are made for minor ailments such as coughs and colds, mild eczema, and athlete's foot. By visiting your pharmacy instead, you could save yourself time and trouble.
Keeping a well stocked medicine cabinet at home can help you treat many minor ailments. Colds, coughs, indigestion and many other minor complaints can all be treated with medicines that are available over the counter.
Your pharmacist can advise on what you might find useful to keep in your medicine cabinet. Always follow the instructions on the medicine label and consult your doctor if the illness continues or becomes more severe.
Pharmacists offer professional free health advice at any time - you don't need an appointment. From coughs and colds to aches and pains, they can give you expert help on everyday illnesses. They can answer questions about prescribed and over-the-counter medicines. Your local Pharmacist can also advise on healthy eating.
Pharmacists can also advise on health eating, obesity and giving up smoking. Some pharmacists have private areas where you can talk in confidence. They may suggest you visit your GP for more serious symptoms. It is possible to purchase many medicines from the chemist without a prescription. Watch this short video on how you can get the most out of your local pharmacy
NHS Walk-In Centres offer convenient access to a range of NHS services for patients based in England only. You can receive treatment for many ailments including:
NHS Walk In Centres treat around 3m patients a year and have proved to be a successful complementary service to traditional GP and A&E services. Some centres offer access to doctors as well as nurses. However, they are not designed for treating long-term conditions or immediately life-threatening problems.
Major A&E departments assess and treat patients who have serious injuries or illnesses. Generally, you should visit A&E or call 999 for emergencies, such as:
If you're injured or seriously ill, you should go, or be taken, to A&E. If an ambulance is needed you can call 999, the emergency phone number in the UK. You can also dial 112, which is the equivalent for the European Union.
Major A&E departments offer access 365 days a year and usually open 24 hours a day. Be aware that not all hospitals have an A&E department.
Acute diarrhoea is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection and affects almost everyone from time to time. A common cause in both children and adults is gastroenteritis, an infection of the bowel.
Bouts of diarrhoea in adults may also be brought on by anxiety or drinking too much coffee or alcohol. Diarrhoea may also be a side effect of a medication
NHS Symptoms, causes, treatment and information
Macmillan Cancer Support Diarrhoea as a result of cancer treatments
To save them on your computer, right-click on any of the links below and then click 'Save Target As..." . Click on any of the links below to play the audio files:
Burns - Explains the immediate treatment for burns and scalds.
Fits - How to deal with fits (convulsions/seizures) in adults and young children.
Wounds - Immediate actions for wounds, bleeding, and bleeding associated with fractures.
Unconscious patient who is breathing - How to deal with an unrousable patient who IS breathing (includes recovery position)
CPR for adults - Adults who have collapsed, unrousable and NOT breathing.
CPR for babies - Babies who are unrousable and NOT breathing.
Collapsed patient in detail - Explains the complete scenario including checks for breathing, circulation, etc.
These files have been prepared by Sussex Ambulance Service and comply with European Resuscitation Council Guidelines.
British Red Cross - First Aid Tips Simple, straightforward and easy to understand first aid tips
St Johns Ambulance St John Ambulance believes that everyone should learn at least the basic first aid techniques.
These links all come from trusted resources but if you are unsure about these or any other medical matters please contact your doctor or pharmacist for advice.
A cold is a mild viral infection of the nose, throat, sinuses and upper airways. It can cause nasal stuffiness, a runny nose, sneezing, a sore throat and a cough. Usually it's a self-limiting infection – this means it gets better by itself without the need for treatment.
On average, adults have two to five colds each year and school-age children can have up to eight colds a year. Adults who come into contact with children tend to get more colds. This is because children usually carry more of the virus, for longer.
In the UK, you're more likely to get a cold during the winter months although the reasons why aren't fully understood at present.
For most people, a cold will get better on its own within a week of the symptoms starting without any specific treatment. However, there are treatments that can help to ease your symptoms and make you feel more comfortable. These are available from your pharmacy, which means that you can treat yourself, rather than needing to see your GP.
There is no cure for colds. Antibiotics, which treat infections caused by bacteria, don't work on cold viruses.
There are a number of self-help measures that may help to ease the symptoms of a cold.
You should try to make sure you get enough rest if you have a cold. It's not usually necessary to stay off work or school.
Colds & Flu A factsheet on the causes, symptoms, treatment & prevention of colds & the flu
NHS - is it the common cold or the flu? Colds and flu can share some of the same symptoms (sneezing, coughing, sore throat) but are caused by different viruses, and flu can be much more serious. Find out
Factsheet - Common ColdInformation about the diagnosis, treatment and symptoms of the common cold
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Question: Do you still have fun playing League ?
This isn't a negative post about league or anything like that, i just notice that everyone i play with dont seem to have fun when they play the game. And for me that is quite unfortunate, i like to play the game as a way of maybe having a few laughs while playing it because me or a teammate did a goof, and of course the same laughs will be made if the enemy does a goof. But i feel that it is really rare to find a full team that is all together not toxic and that actually have fun. I noticed that because i just got WoW and so far i've had really nice experiences with people even if i was dying in a dungeon, most of them would just say np and move on like nothing happened, of course sometimes you find the cocky guys leveling new characters that act all smug but i dont think those can compare to the toxicity in league. And in league, you die once and get something like "gg wp, go next". I mostly play normal games because thats where i think most people would go to play for fun but that is not the case. So to finish this post, my question is pretty much. Do you still have fun playing league?
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Egypt dominated the political life of Palestine during the Late Bronze Age, a period contemporary with the Egyptian New Kingdom (see, ANEP, 313-315, 320-331). The first king of the Eighteenth Dynasty defeated the Hyksos at Avaris and continued the battle to Sharuhen (ANET, pp. 233-234) in southern Palestine. Thothmosis I and Thothmosis III extended Egyptian influence over the entire region from the borders of Egypt to the Euphrates, the great river that flows backwards. Under the descendants of Thothmosis III, Egypt exercised full hegemony over Palestine(ANET, pp. 234-252) by establishing systems of control over vital trade routes and local principalities. Towards the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty(ANET, pp. 250-252), Egyptian control may have declined somewhat due to the general lack of attention to political and military matters during the Amarna period.
The Nineteenth Dynasty kings quickly reestablished Egyptian control under Seti I. By the middle of the thirteenth century (ANET, pp. 252- 260), Egypt lost control of much of northern Syria to the Hittite kings (ANET, pp. 255-258). The two major kings of this dynasty, Seti I and his son Ramesis II, carried out campaigns near Beth Shan. Later in the thirteenth century, Merneptah may have campaigned in Palestine if there is any historical credulity to his hymn of victory, sometimes called the Israelite stela.
The great Temple of Amon-Ra at Karnak is an excellent spot to understand Egypt's power and influence over the Asiatics. Asia was Amon-Ra's domain and the spoils of conquest/tribute supported the building of the world's largest religious structure. Tombs of noblemen, high official in the court and in the Temple at Karnak, also provide a wealth of information about Egyptian control and influence. (See: ANEP, 4-9, 45-56.) In sites in Palestine, excavations show a slow but steady egyptianization of the culture as more egyptian or egyptianized artifacts appear in the latter half of the Late Bronze Age, and as egyptian practices (e.g. burial practices) become more the fashion. Remains from sites such as Beth Shan,Tell el-Farah (S), Hesi, Jemmeh, Masos, esh-Sharia and Aphek attest to their extensive control of this region. The copper mines at Timna seem to have been operated under Egyptian direction throughout the Nineteenth and part of the Twentieth Dynasties. All this evidence collectively indicates how thoroughly Egypt controlled this region.
Depictions of Asiatics (ANEP, 312- 331, 772): On Egyptian temple walls and tombs, the inhabitants of Syria and Palestine are depicted as vassals of their Egyptian overlords. Asiatics, usually dressed in long robes and wearing decorative headbands, bring tribute and produce into Egypt; are bound captive slaves or fierce mercenary soldiers; and work as corvee laborers assisting Egyptians in obtaining raw materials (timber and copper) and exotic produce (wine, oils and perhaps even opium). Of particular interest to archaeologists are the types of goods offered to the officials, for many of these items are known from excavations. The Egyptians did not hold Asiatics in high esteem and often depicted them as a pack of yelping dogs doing the bidding of their Egyptian masters.
Who are the Canaanites? And where is Canaan precisely? Both questions prove to be more difficult to answer than one might first suspect. The land of Canaan seems an imprecise geographical term that is applied sometimes to the entire region of the Egyptian empire and at other times to Lower Retenu or Djahi, that is, southern Lebanon, Israel, Jordan and the Sinai.
The Canaanites were one of many groups that inhabited the area and in Hebrew Bible the word became the designated term for all the inhabitants of the region before the Israelites. There is still some debate on the words etymology. Does it mean lowlanders? Or does Canaan mean the Land of Purple, a probable reference to the dye used to color cloth? Scholars who opt for this second interpretation note that the Greeks referred to the coastal region of Phoenicia as the purple land.
The Canaanites, or Bronze Age inhabitants, made a number of lasting contributions to ancient and modern society, such as specialized storage jars for the transportation of oil and wine, and musical instruments like the castenet. Their high art in working ivory as well as their skills in viticulture were prized in antiquity. Perhaps their most lasting contribution was the development of the alphabet from the proto-alphabetic script of Egyptian hieroglyphics. William Foxwell Albright and others have shown how a simplified syllabary of the Middle Bronze Age eventually was exported to the Greek and Roman worlds by the Phoenicians, northern coastal mariners of the Iron Age (ANEP, 271 - MB dagger (Lachish), 286 - alphabet, 287 - pseudohieroglyphic script (Byblos)).
[add other references here] Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), Pl 42:2. Example of proto-sinaitic scribe on MB II dagger.
ANET, pp. 376-378). The text may indicate first that Israelites tribes were in the land of Canaan by this time, and second that the exodus occurs earlier in the same century when the first Rameside kings built their new capital, PerRamesis, in the Delta.
James, T.G.H. "Egypt: From the Expulsion of the Hyksos to Amenophis I," Cambridge Ancient History.
Archaeological Periods MAJOR SITES Lachish Megiddo Hazor Late Bronze I IX IX XV (1570 - 1400 B.C.E.) Late Bronze IIA VIII VIII XIV (1400 - 1300 B.C.E.) Late Bronze IIB VII VIIB XIII (1300 - 1200 B.C.E.) U-Museum's LB I LB IIA LBII B Excavations & Collections Baq'ah Valley Cave A2 Cave B3 Cave B3 Beth Shan IX VIII-VII Tombs 27, 29, Tombs 60,241, 42, 59,303 90, 107, 219, 221 Beth Shemesh IV IV IV (Ain Shems) Gibeon Tomb 10 (el Jib) Tell es-Sa'idiyeh Tombs 101, 102, 103, 104, 105L. 107, 109S, 110, 117, 119, 121, 132, 137, 139, 141
Two points need to be made concerning the archaeological remains from this period. First, there is strong cultural continuity between the Middle and Late Bronze Age. The assigned break between the two periods is more a function of Egyptian chronological history than a change in material culture. No excavator or historian familiar with the remains has suggested otherwise. Also, it is important to note that there are scant archaeological remains in the first part of the Late Bronze Age. Many sites in the hill country and Negev were abandoned. Other sites, especially in the southern coastal region, are destroyed and only marginally reoccupied in Late Bronze I.
A second important point about the Late Bronze Age concerns the egyptianization of this indigenous culture. Artifacts and building structures become more egyptian-like as one moves from Late Bronze I into Late Bronze II. Cultural practices also change to Egyptian fashion (e.g. burial practices). Such egyptianization may be due to the proximity of Egypt to Palestine as well as the ways in which Egypt exercised complete control over this region. (NOTE: Egyptianization of Nubia occurred during the same period and may speak to how Egypt influence native culture to adopt an egyptian life style.) As Albright and others may have rightly noted, Palestine proper remained generally loyal to Egypt throughout the Late Bronze Age, while Upper Retenu, modern Syria, did not.
Images and related material are drawn from the excavations at Beth Shan, Beth Shemesh and Tell es-Sa'idiyeh. Complete ceramic forms and some of the fine objects were taken from specific tomb contexts: Beth Shan Tomb 42 (LB I), Gibeon Tomb 10 (LB IIA), Beth Shan Tombs 219 and 90 (LBIIB-Ir I), and Tell es-Sa'idiyeh cemetery (LBIIB-Ir I). The tombs together constitute less than half of the cited material below. Almost all the remaining artifacts, with the exception of one or two outstanding pieces from Beth Shemesh StatumIV, are from strata IX-VII Beth Shan, dated to fourteenth-thirteenth centuries. In particular, we focused on the material from the important Egyptian/Canaanite temple. Be aware that Beth Shan is a highly egyptianize site so that it better reflects the cultural mix of many large sites in the lowlands of southern Palestine (Tell el-Farah S, Tell el-Ajjul, Lachish and Megiddo) and the greater Jordan valley (Tell es-Sa'idiyeh and Deir Alla) than other inland or more northern sites (Hazor).
Aharoni, Yohanan. The Archaeology of the Land of Israel. Philadelphia, 1978. pp. 112-152. Mazar, Amhai. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible. New York, 1985. pp. 232-294. Franken, H.J. "Palestine in the time of the 19th Dynasty," Cambridge Ancient History. Kenyon, Kathleen, "Palestine in the time of the 18th Dynasty," Cambridge Ancient History.
There is a definite decrease in occupied settlements in the Late Bronze Age from the previous Middle Bronze period. Surveys and excavations appear to confirm that the hill country region lacked a sedentary population except at a few major sites (e.g. Shechem or Tell Beit Mirsim). For example, Tell es-Sultan is abandoned by Late Bronze II; Gibeon show no sedentary occupation in the Late Bronze period though a single tomb was used in Late Bronze IIA.
Many small and minor sites in the coastal region appear also to be abandoned, and very few new sites (e.g. Tell Abu Hawam) are founded.
Baumgarten, Jacob J. "Urbanization in the Late Bronze Age," The Architecture of Ancient Israel. (Jerusalem, 1992), pp. 143-150.
Kempinski, Aharon. "Middle and Late Bronze Age Fortifications," The Architecture of Ancient Israel. (Jerusalem, 1992), pp. 127-142.
Middle Bronze fortifications systems were reused in the Late Bronze Age (Hazor, Shechem and Megiddo) without significant changes. New fortification systems were constructed at Ashdod, Tell Abu Hawam, Tell Beit Mirsim and Beth Shan. Some important sites (e.g. Lachish), however, show no significant fortifications and may even be unfortified. Perhaps this lack of fortifications may be a direct consequence of the way Egypt disarmed the local population. Other evidence for Egyptian control of the population can be found in the Amarna tablets (Amunhotep III and IV) and inscriptions dating to the reign of Thothmosis III.
A migdol fortress may have been uncovered in Beth Shan VIII-VII. Although damaged by later Roman and Byzantine remains, the structure parallels contemporary fortresses along the "Way of Horus," the coastal road in the Sinai and at Tell Mor, Deir el-Balah. A building next to this migdol may, in fact, be a residency. It also varies from other contemporary buildings in that it lacks a courtyard.
GATES: Gate systems follow the same general plan as those from the Middle Bronze Age. The gate systems at Megiddo, Hazor and Shechem continue to be used throughout the period and undergo little significant modifications. Parts of a three pier gate may have been construction at Beth Shan (Stratum IX). The roadway leading to the gate followed the all system. A basalt orthostat, depicting a dog attacking a lion, may be part of the decoration in the gate area.
Large houses, or palaces, followed the same Middle Bronze design of rooms built around a central courtyard (e.g. Megiddo Strata VIII-VII). Some minor changes in style do occur. For example, more rooms seem to surround the central courtyard (Taanach, Megiddo and Bethel) in the Late Bronze Age than in the Middle Bronze period. Bethel's house has a well-constructed "French drain system" which discharges rain-water outside the city.
The so-called patrician house at Tell Batash (Timnah., pp. 53-67, Fig. 4:18) appears to have two stories and a storage area on the first floor with wooden pillars and stone bases, a design that seems to foreshadow architectural design of the Iron Age. (See house structures in the Iron Age.)
Probably the most significant palace discovered to date is at Megiddo. Located in the area near the gate, the palace has small rectangular rooms surround courtyards. Like the Ajjul palace it is equipped with in-door plumbing and staircases. The structure underwent several renovations and additions, and although massive in design for this region it is dwarfed in size and intricacy by other palaces in Syria (e.g. Ras Shamra or ancient Ugarit).
Oren, Eliezer. "Palaces and Patrician Houses in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages," The Architecture of Ancient Israel. (Jerusalem, 1992), pp.105-120.
In the Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age, a number of well-built square-shaped houses can be cited: Tell Sera', Tell Masos, Beth Shan, Tell Hesi, Gerar, Tell Aphek and Tell el-Farah (S). Built on a mud-brick foundation with walls also constructed of mud-brick these structures parallel house designs from Tell el-Amarna and suggest at the very least, Egyptian origin. More likely, they are remains of the Egyptian garrisons that occupied the region. The Beth Shan 1500 and 1700 houses are particularly helpful in noting Egyptian ownership since the door jambs written in hieroglyphics name the Egyptian governor of the site.
TEMPLES AND SELECTED CULTIC OBJECTS (ANEP, 731 -Fosse Temple (Lachish), 732 - Beth Shan Temple St. IX, 735 - Shechem Temple St. VIII-VII, 737 - Beth Shan Temple St. VII, 738 - Beth Shan Temple St. VI)
Several large temple complexes from Lachish, Hazor and Beth Shan are constructed in the Late Bronze Period.
The three fosse temples at Lachish provide an instructive view of cultic aspects. The last and best preserved temple consisted of a long room with benches around the sides, niches in the walls, and a mud-brick altar built on a step platform. Numerous animal, bird and fish bones were found in the complex and pits just outside. Almost all animals (sheep or goat, ox and only two wild beasts) were young and represented by only the metacarpal of right foreleg (see, Leviticus 3:1-17, 7:15-18, 29-34). Astragali were also found in only the first phase of the complex (Structure 1). The temples had a rich assortment cylinder seals and scarabs, faience and paste beads, faience and stone vessels, statuary, figurines and pottery. (For comparison purposes, see Tell Mevorakh shrine (Late Bronze Age), Tell Qasile (Iron I), and Sarepta shrine (the late Iron II - Persian shrine at Sarepta).)
The Beth Shan complex has both Egyptian and Palestinian elements. The overall structure of the temple has been thought to parallel contemporary temples in Egypt, although one can note many features (e.g. benches, raised altars, storage bins, piazza around the structure, and deposit pits) that occur in local temples at Lachish and elsewhere in the region. The types of artifacts in the Beth Shan VII and later VI temple, built on the same design, suggest rituals of Palestine and Egypt. Votive offerings found around the inner and outer altars seem akin to egyptian practices. The presence of animal bones near the outer altar is suggestive of animal sacrifice known at other contemporary and later sites in Palestine. Depiction of Egyptian and Palestinian deities further suggest the mix practices in this structure during the thirteenth-twelfth centuries.
Stern, Ephraim. Excavations at Tel Mevorakh: The Bronze Age. Qedem 18 (Jerusalem, 1984), pp. 4-39. Tufnell, Olga. Lachish II, The Fosse Temple. London, 1940.
Cultic Objects from Beth Shan: The two earliest and complete temples provide a rich assortment of supposed cultic objects. Votive stele as well as metal and pottery statuary may represent deities and their worshippers. Kernoi, fragments of house models and large cylindrical pottery stand, some of which are decorated with birds, snakes and figurines, may be utensils used in the cultic practices. Other objects found in the complexes parallel the repertoire found at Lachish Fosse Temple, Tell Mekovrakh, Tell Qasile and other structures with similar architectural features as that of these two so-designated temples at Beth Shan.
Proposed Cultic Objects from Temple complexes (Beth Shan IX-VI)
Proposed Cultice Objects from other locations in same strata
One temple at Hazor proves particularly instructive and on a somewhat superficial evidence been compared to the Temple of Solomon (1 Kings 6-7). The temple has three rooms. An entrance portico is flanked by two pillars. In many ways, this interesting structure is similar to one at Tell Atchana (Alalakh) dated also to the thirteenth century. The following artifacts found in the structure at Hazor are: basalt basin, basalt bowl, basalt statue of seated man on chair, bronze figurines, cylinder seals and faience beads. (See also, ANEP, 869-871.)
BURIAL PRACTICES (ANEP, 641 - Anthropoid coffing, north cemetery Beth Shan)
Large cemeteries and major tombs have been uncovered at a number of sites: Deir el-Balah, Tell el-Farah (S), Tell el-Ajjul, Tell Abu Hawam, Megiddo, Beth Shan and Tell es-Sa'idiyeh. In this period, burials are less commonly found inside the city, as was characteristic in the Middle Bronze Age, and are generally deposited outside the towns on the tell slopes (Tell es-Sa'idiyeh) or gentle rises in the land near the ancient city (Tell el-Farah S). (Note: A few examples of burials inside city walls still can be cited from this period (See, Tel Dan Tomb 387).)
The 900 cemetery at Farah (S) is particularly informative about changes in burial practices. Primary burials lying in a supine fully extended position becomes the more common burial fashion rather than secondary burial characteristic of Middle Bronze II. (Compare Middle Bronze II Gibeon Tomb 15 with Late Bronze Age cemetery at Tell es-Sa'idiyeh.) This change in fashion continues into Iron I although secondary burial does not completely disappear (see, Baq'ah, Lachish 40004, Megiddo 1100, 1145, Gezer 10A, Tomb 1 Pella, Tomb 387 Dan).
Coffin burials first appear in the Late Bronze Age. The earliest examples from Akko and Gezer are clay boxes. The Gezer coffin with it handles reminds most excavators of coffins from the Aegean world, yet in general ways it bears similarities to the unusual and perhaps minature clay boxes from the Beth Shan temples. In the thirteenth century anthropoid coffin can be cited from a number of sites: Beth Shan, Lachish and Deir el-Balah. Anthropoid coffin burials continue to be employed in the Iron Age: Beth Shan, Dhibah, Sahab and Amman.
Perhaps the use of coffins to preserve the dead reflects Egyptian influence on the culture. Certainly this influence of Egypt on Palestine is quite evident in two unique bitumen burials from Tell es-Sa'idiyeh.
Burial of infants, children and sometimes adults are found in storage jars and pithoi. This practice of jar burials especially for infants and small children can be cited from the Middle Bronze and Iron Age as well.
Dothan, T. The Excavations at the Cemetery of Deir el-Balah. (Jerusalem, 1979). Oren, Eliezer. The Northern Cemetery Beth Shan. (Leiden, 1973). Pritchard, James B. The Cemetery at Tell es-Sa'idiyeh, Jordan. (Philadelphia, 1980). Seger, J.D. & Lance, H.D. Gezer V. (Jerusalem, 1988). Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), pp. 131-132 (non-sensical hieroglyphic inscription on coffin), 248-249, Pls 45-46.
LATE BRONZE POTTERY (ANEP, 147-148 - Pottery corpus)
Painted pottery and imports vessels are the characteristics of the Late Bronze ceramic repertoire. Painted pottery first appears at the very end of the Middle Bronze IIC (Bichrome ware) and continues to be the preferred treatment on vessels throughout the period. In fact, the amount of applied paint seems to increase as one moves from the beginning Late Bronze I to the end of Late Bronze II. The use of applied paint to decorate vessels decreases by the latter half of Iron I.
Middle Bronze forms continue into the Late Bronze Age, but do change in shape slowly. The heavy carination on bowls and chalices changes in favor of softer, rounder lines. Other characteristic shapes (e.g. barrel juglets) disappear by Late Bronze II. New forms enter the repertoire, in particular imitations of imported vessels. Imports from Syria and the Aegean world are together a definable trait of the Late Bronze Age ceramics. Cypriote bilbils and Syrian flasks become common by the end of Late Bronze I and are imitated by Late Bronze II. Mycenean imports (pyxides, stirrup jars and amphoriskoi) become common place by Late Bronze II and are imitated by local potters from that point on. The presence of such imports, along with other evidence (e.g. Canaanite storage jar and several shipwrecks off the southern coast of Turkey), indicate evidence of trade with the greater Aegean world. It appears that commodities such as scented and blended wines and various grades of oils were exported from the Levant. The nature of imported goods in Aegean vessels is still open to some discussion, and some scholars have speculated that diluted opium was imported particularly in bibils.
Amiran, Ruth. Ancient Pottery of the Holy Land. (Rutgers, 1970), pp. 124-190. Epstein, C. Palestinian Bichrome Ware. (Leiden, 1966). Furumark, A. Mycenaean Pottery. (Stockholm, 1972). Prag, Kay. "The Imitation of Cypriote Wares in Late Bronze Age Palestine," Palestine in the Bronze and Iron Ages. ed. by Jonathan Tubb. (London, 1985), pp. 154-165.
In addition to locally made vessels and Aegean imports, one finds Egyptian forms especially at the very end of the Bronze Age.
The types of weapons used in the Middle Bronze period continue into the Late Bronze. A major innovation in the Late Bronze Age is that the entire blade and handle are cast together. Ivory or bone inlays are inset into the handle. Other unusual knives can be cited exclusively from the Late Bronze Age. A bronze knife with handle ending in a cloven hoof occur both to Egypt and Palestine (Tell Jemmeh St. J, Lachish Tomb 216, Tell Abu Hawam St. V, Megiddo St. VIII, VIIB). A bronze knife with a cut-out, again probably Egyptian in origin and common in burials of women in ancient Egypt, occur at a few sites (Deir el-Balah Tombs 114 and 118, Tell Jemmeh and Lachish).
Maxwell-Hyslop, R. "Daggers and Swords in Western Asia: Iraq 8 (1946) 1-65. Maxwell-Hyslop, R. "Western Asiatic Shaft-Hold Axes," Iraq 11 (1949) 90-129. Maxwell-Hyslop, R. " Bronze Lugged Axe- and Adze Blades from Asia," Iraq 15 (1953) 69-87. Tubb, Jonathan N. "Some observations on Spearheads in Palestine in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages," Palestine in the Bronze and Iron Ages. London, 1985.
Yadin, Yigael. The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands. Jerusalem, 1962.
Two major types of arrowheads (ANEP, 805 - inscribed javelin heads) occur in this period: long, slender arrowheads (most of the Late Bronze Age) and small blunt ones (generally thirteenth century). Arrowheads with a pronounced midrib or with a swelling at the base may date to the end of the thirteenth century.
*Cross, F.M. Jr & Milik, J.T. "A Typological Study of the el Khadr Javelin- and Arrow-Heads," ADAJ 3:15-23. Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), Pl. 25:1-6,17-22, 26,30,35,36,43, 47, 48, 52, 54-62, 66, 67.
Although one cannot be fully certain that the following objects are not knobs for lids or daggers (see Middle Bronze weapons) or furniture, the design and style of these knobs are almost identical to connectors on chariot fittings from the Tomb of Tutankhamun and as depicted on New Kingdom reliefs. A sizable collection of such knobs occur in Beth Shan Strata X through VII.
Plough points, lithic sickles and other agricultural tools occur in domestic areas on tells.
Grinding stones and bowls are common implements uncovered mostly but not exclusively in domestic areas on tells. (Note: grinding stones did occur in the Temple VII and suggest preparation of ritual meals perhaps.) There is little variations in style of such stones from third millennium to the common era. The chalice, found in the Temple of VII, is dated to just the Late Bronze and early Iron Age.
Jewelry styles increase prodigiously in the Late Bronze Age. Paste and Lotus-seed carnelian beads, more intricate toggle pins, royal scarabs, and theophoric and other types pendants/amulets occur throughout the lands that Egyptians called Djahi, or Palestine. Some pieces were obviously manufactured in Egypt, though many more appear to be local imitations of Egyptian prototypes.
AMULETS/PENDANTS: By the late thirteenth century, egyptian amulets appear in the richer burials and are commonly found in altar areas in temples. Archaeologists hypothesize that these artifacts were either votive objects offered to the gods and/or decorated statuary of particular deities. Some of the more common types of amulets/pendants include depictions of deities (Ptah Sokar, Bes, Aegis of Bast, Sacred eye of Horus), animals (fish, hippopotamus), flora, hieroglyphs and geometric forms. Most amulets and pendants are faience, although the few locally made examples are gold, bone, shell and metal. Plaque amulets become more common place towards the end of the period and continue into the Iron I period.
James, Frances & McGovern, Patrick, The Late Bronze Egyptian Garrison at Beth Shan (Philadelphia, 1993), pp. 125-135. Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), Pl. 29: 52-68.
BEADS AND BEAD SPACERS: Beads, which are extremely rare in the Middle Bronze II, increase in number and types as one moves from the Late Bronze I to Late Bronze II. The dramatic increase in beads, both number and type, perhaps is a direct result of the invention of glass around 1600. Spherical, cylindrical, barrel and disc-shaped beads are made of paste or faience, though stone and metal beads continue to be produced throughout the period and into the Iron Age. Generally bead shapes prove an unreliable indicator of date. A few bead forms, however, are distinctive and can be placed into specific chronological periods. The gold palmette bead is well known from Egyptian sites, but rare in Palestine (Deir el-Balah Tomb 118). A derivative form, the lily shaped pendant, is common in the Late Bronze II. The lotus-seed carnelian bead appears in Late Bronze II (Deir el-Balah Tomb 116, Tell el-Farah S Tomb 934, Beth Shemesh St. IV Pit 1005) and continues into Iron I (Beth Shan Tombs 7, 66).
As the number of bead strands increases towards the end of the Bronze Age, bead spacers are employed to separate anywhere from two to almost a dozen strands of beads.
Dothan, T. Excavations at the Cemetery of Deir el-Balah. Qedem 10. (Jerusalem, 1979), pp. 42-43 (lotus-seed bead), 77-80 (palmette bead). Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. London, 1958. p. 83, 87 Pls. 27:3, 28:5,6 (bead spacers); pp. 74-76, Pls. 35:8, 36:91, 103 (lily-shaped pendant).
Strings of beads were worn by some adult females and children either around the neck or on the wrist.
EARRINGS: The earliest type of earrings, the mulberry earring (see, Western Asiatic Jewelry., Pl.77a), has one or three cluster balls attached to a loop; it appears at the end of Middle Bronze IIC or the beginning of the Late Bronze and may continue to the end of the period. Later open and smaller circular earrings dominate the first part of Late Bronze II. Towards the end of Late Bronze II, the lunate earring with its swelling base becomes the most common form: Deir el-Balah Tomb 118, Tell el-Farah S Tombs 922, 934, Beth Shan Tomb ?, Megiddo Tombs 912B (Late Bronze) and 39 (Iron I). It continues to be the more common type of earring in Iron I. A fruit-shaped (pomegrante?) earring is much rarer and restricted, it appears, the the Late Bronze Age: Deir el-Balah Tombs 116,118, Tell el-Farah S Tomb 934, and Beth Shemesh St. IV.
*Wilkinson, A. Ancient Egyptian Jewellery. (London, 1971).
Dothan, T. Excavations at the Cemetery of Deir el-Balah. Qedem 20. (Jerusalem, 1979), pp. 73-74 (lunate earrings), 73-77 (fruit-shaped earring). Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), Pl. 25:15 (mulberry earring), 25:44 (tab earring).
METAL FOIL SHEETS:Thin gold, occasionally silver and rarely bronze sheets with looped ends either function as earrings or are sown into clothing. Fine collections of these delicate appliques with their floral designs or etched female heads were uncovered at Tell el-Ajjul (ancient Gaza), Lachish, Megiddo and Beth Shan. Most examples from Beth Shan date to Late Bronze IIB and are rosettes, a common floral design common on other artifacts, ivory lids, pottery, and statuary.
Foil sheets also were sown into headdresses or worn as bands around the head (see Egyptian depictions of Asiatics). Some excavators identify these frontlets as mouthpieces which were occasionally employed in an Aegean practices for sealing the lips. No known examples in Palestine proper have been found over the mouth of a deceased; however, several skeletons (Megiddo II., p.?.) have foil strips on the forehead.
K.R. Maxwell-Hyslop, Western Asiatic Jewellery c. 3000-612 B.C. (London, 1971), pp. 132-157. Guy, P.L.O. Megiddo Tombs. (Chicago, 1938), Pls 120:6, 128:9-11, 165:12, 16-18 (with sow holes). Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), p.82, Pl.25:13 (with looped band).
SCARABS: Continuity to the Middle Bronze Age can be seen in scarabs in Late Bronze I, for unlike Egypt, scarab design in Palestine does not change significantly at the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Hyksos-like scarabs continue to be produced locally in Late Bronze I and even into Late Bronze II. By the end of Late Bronze I, a more typical style of scarab appears and usually has the royal cartouche of an Egyptian pharaoh, more likely Thothmosis III (Mn- hpr-R').
In addition to royal scarabs, many other scarabs of the Late Bronze have expression of luck and goodwill for the bearer, thus suggesting that scarabs were becoming more amuletic in this period than in the previous Middle Bronze Age. Animal scarabs also become quite common in Late Bronze II.
Giveon, Raphael. Egyptian Scarabs from Western Asia. Switzerland, 1985. Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), pp. 92-111; Pls. 30-41.
A special type of scarab, the large commemorative scarab reporting special events during the pharaoh's reign (e.g. Amunhotep III), are occasionally discovered.
OTHER FINGER RINGS: Small finger rings are occasionally uncovered. Several faience rings from Beth Shan had a molded wadjet, or sacred eye symbol. Small and generally non-descript looped copper rings complete the corpus.
CYLINDER SEALS (ANEP, 338 - Beth Shan St. V): Cylinder seals in Syrian style continue to be found in Late Bronze levels, though many archaeologists feel that they may be heirlooms from the Middle Bronze II. A new type of cylinder seal, of which there are hundreds of examples, is called Mitanni style. This seal has friezes of animals and men or gods. A common motif, the sacred tree surrounded usually by antelopes or goats, occurs on these seals as well as other artifacts (e.g. pottery). The tree motif varies greatly in detail from just simple rendering of a tree or just a branch to a complete scene of tree, processional characters, animals and mythic griffins.
Towards the end of the Bronze Age, designs on cylinder seals become more and more influenced by the nature of other signet items like the scarab. These later cylinder seals become more like a stamp plaque and are divided into panels with short phrases in hieroglyphic or designs in one panel and animal(s) or figure(s) in the other.
*Parker, B. "Cylinder Seals from Palestine," IRAQ 11 (1949) 1 -42.
McGovern, Patrick E. The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Central Transjordan: The Baq'ah Valley Project, 1977-1981 (Philadelphia, 1986), pp. 291-294. Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), pp. 111-112. Pl. 34.
STAMP SEALS AND PLAQUES (ANEP, 468 - depiction of Astart, Bethel):Towards the end of the Bronze Age, stamp seals and plaques begin to appear. Such plaques and seals might be consider degenerative forms of cylinder seals and scarabs respectively. Seals, in particular, will become a more preferred signet item in the Iron Age.
TOGGLE PINS: Late Bronze Toggle pins are squat in comparison to Middle Bronze examples. Pins may have more elaborate heads (nail, knob head, twisted design or incised design) as well as being made from gold, electrum and, of course, bronze.
BANGLES: Towards the end of the Bronze Age, bronze anklets are found on some adult female skeletons. The location of such anklets and armlets on figurines also confirm the decorative use of these larger bronze rings. In fact, it might be pejorative to identify some of these bangles as bracelets given that they are rarely found around the wrist and more often occur on the upper arm.
Egyptian and egyptianize stone vessels become common in the Late Bronze Age particularly as the local industry develops at sites like Beth Shan. Forms in Late Bronze I reflect the imported bag-shaped vessels of the Middle Bronze period.
By Late Bronze II, the pyxis and tazza become the dominant pieces. The tazza, the most identifiable form of this period, is an exquisite vessel that is usually represented in tribute by Asiatics. Earliest examples of the tazza have two pieces, a foot and bowl. The two-ribbed tazza dates earlier than the three- ribbed example as Flinders Petrie first noted. The last forms of tazza are one piece unlike the earlier foot and bowl example.
Other shapes from the end of the Bronze Age include bowls, imitation of imported Aegean forms, lentoid flask (LB tomb at Beth Shemesh, Fosse Temple III Lachish) or amphoriskos, and small ceramic forms including goblets (Deir el-Balah Tombs 114, 118) or juglets. Although most known examples from Palestine of the swimming girl cosmetic spoon are carved in ivory (Megiddo St. VIIA, Beth Shan Tomb 90, Tell es-Sa'idiyeh Tomb 101), a fine alabastron example was discovered in Tomb 118 at Deir el-Balah.
*Ben-Dor, I. " Palestinian Alabaster Vases." QDAP (1944) 93-111. *Clamer, Christa. "Alabaster Vessels." Gezer V. (Jerusalem, 1988), pp. 108-111.
Dothan, T. Excavations at the Cemetery of Deir el-Balah. Qedem 10. (Jerusalem, 1979), pp. 61-65 (swimming girl and goblet). Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), p.86, Pl. 26:32, 39.
Imported faience vessels appear in some of the richest burials and in large palaces and temples. The delicate pieces often mimic imported Aegean vessels: the lentoid flask, pyxis, Syrian flask, amphoriskoi. Other forms, kohl pots and bowls with floral pattern and handles shaped in the head of a female, are common egyptian forms.
BRONZE VESSELS AND OTHER BRONZE OBJECTS (ANEP, 784 - wine set from Tell es-Sa'idiyeh Tomb 101, 840 - Tripod from Tell es-Sa'idiyeh Tomb 101)
Bronze bowls, jars and sometimes even strainers appear in the richer primary burials: Deir el-Balah Tomb 114, northern cemetery at Beth Shan, Governor's tomb at Tell el-Ajjul, Tell el-Farah (S), Baq'ah Valley B3. James B. Pritchard in his study of a fine collection from Tell es-Sa'idiyeh concluded that pieces are parts of wine sets. This conclusion fits well with some other artifacts, large Canaanite storage jar used in viticulture, as well as references to Canaanite burial offerings of wine and bread.
Bronze mirrors are occasionally found in some of the richest tombs: Deir el-Balah Tombs 114, 118, Tell el-Ajjul, Beth Shan Tomb 90?, Tell es-Sa'idiyeh ??. A exquisite bronze mirror with a bronze handle in the scpae of a woman comes from Acco.
Dothan, T. Excavations at the Cemetery of Deir el-Balah. Qedem 10. (Jerusalem, 1979), pp. 20-22, 66-71, 98 (wine sets and bronze vessels), 23, 72 (mirrors). Guy, P.L.O. Megiddo Tombs (Chicago, 1938), Pls. 90:5 (Tomb 217A:1 trefoil jug), 119:3-5, 120:4 (Tomb 911B: bowls and 1 Egyptian-style vase), 123:19, 124:20-22 (Tomb 912 A1: bowls), 133:19, 168:17 (Tomb 62: bowl: Iron Age). Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), Pl. 25:51 (vase) Oren [add] Pritchard [add]
The considerable presence of bronze objects at Beth Shan, Tell es- Sa'idiyeh (possibly ancient Zarethan) and also the nearby site of Deir Alla (ancient Succoth) may be referenced in 1 Kings 7:46, a passage that mentions the smelting of bronze vessels in this region.
BONE OR IVORY INLAYS, PANELS AND OBJECTS (ANEP, 67 - comb (Megiddo), 69 - carved tusk (Lachish Fosse Temple), 70 - ointment spoon (Megiddo), 125 - plaque (Megiddo), 126 - female figurine (Megiddo), 128 - ivory box (Megiddo), 215 - game board (Megiddo), 332 - panel with victory and feast scene (Megiddo), 820 - panel with feast scene (Tell el-Farah S))
Bone and ivory inlays for cosmetic boxes continue to be found in contexts dating to Late Bronze I. Click here to review bone inlays of the Middle Bronze II.
Larger and more intricate ivory pieces become common place in Late Bronze II (ANEP, 820 - Tell el Farah (S)): complete ivory boxes, handles in animal shapes (cat, bull, ibex), cosmetic bowls with birds head (in most cases, a duck) or in the shape of a fish, cosmetic spoons designed in the shape of a swimming girl (ANEP, 70) , combs with single or double set of teeth, wands some with pomegrante tops (?) but most with incised designs, stoppers, chalices, floral pattern lids for chalices or boxes, and game boards. An exquisite piece from Lachish Fosse Temple (ANEP, 69), a uniquely carved ivory tusk with spoon and woman's head, is a well-known object of tribute in Eighteenth Dynasty tomb reliefs and, we could imagine that it may have contained scented oil. Another ivory box from Pella with its depiction of lions is an outstanding example of the high art of the Bronze Age.
Guy, P.L.O. Megiddo Tombs. (Chicago, 1938), pp; 48-50, Pls. 104 (MB example?), 142:1 (duck-shaped boxes), 156:13 (spindle),166:22 (comb), 168:13 (fish-shaped dish),168:15 (comb). Liebowitz, H.A. "Bone and Ivory Inlay from Syria and Palestine," IEJ 22 (1977) 89-102. Loud, Gordon. The Megiddo Ivories. (Chicago, 1939). Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. London, 1958. pp. 87, 88 Pls. 28:16 (comb), 48:6 (duck-shaped box).
Perhaps the most important collection of ivories yet uncovered is from the large palace complex at Megiddo. The 320 pieces, dated the thirteenth and twelfth centuries, include furniture panels and rungs, cosmetic boxes, gameboards and pieces, combs, wands, pen cases, shallow bowls, kohl box lids, ointment spoons, decorated unguent horns (see example from Lachish Fosse Temple), and numerous fragments. Depictions of hunts, animal combat, animals at rest, feasts, processions, offerings, deities, and various palmette and rosette designs abound. The collection is useful far beyond documenting just the use of ivory in the Bronze Age. At the very least, it illustrates the cosmopolitan nature of this culture with its mixed Egyptian and Mesopotamian motifs.
At the end of the Bronze Age, long bone spindles and wands associated with bone whorls are found at a few sites: Lachish Fosse Temple III, Megiddo Tombs. Such conical whorls may have been used in spinning though one cannot rule out that they may have had other functions (e.g. buttons).
Tufnell, Olga. Lachish II: Fosse Temple. (London, 1940), pp. 59-62. Pls. 25-31.
CLAY FIGURINES, MASKS AND OTHER MODELS (ANEP, 469 - corpus of clay figurines, 595 - liver model, Megiddo St. VII, 844 - liver model, Hazor, Area A, St. 2)
FIGURINES: Although clay figurines appear first in Middle Bronze II, they main generally rare until towards the end of the Late Bronze Age. Earliest examples from Late Bronze I are nudes with hands on breasts and incised designs (Megiddo Tombs., Pl. 139:25). In Late Bronze II, oval-shaped plaquest Figurines are with depiction of nude female usually holding two lotus blossoms or stalks or snakes become quite common. The nude's coiffure may have ringlets like the Egyptian goddess Hathor or just long flowing hair. She may or may not be wearing anklets. Her feet may even be pigeon-toed. The design on the clay plaques seem to mimic similar depictions of a female form, often identified as Astarte, that first appears on gold foil in the Middle Bronze Age. Such renderings, however, are not limited to gold foil appliques and occur also on cylinder seals as well as statuary where this goddess stands on the back of a lion.
Guy, P.L.O. Megiddo Tombs. (Chicago, 1938), Pls. 89 (Tomb 35), 99:1,2 (Tomb 989 B1), 139:25 (Tomb 38), 155:8-9 (Tomb 26B). Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), p. 90, Pls. 47-49.
Clay figurines, shawabtis, are part of Egyptian burial rites and serve the deceased in the next world. Such clay figurines occur only in the richest burials at sites where Egyptian presence is well documented. Another, more unique figure has no clear parallels in Palestine.
Animal models prove rarer in the Bronze than in the Iron Age. A unique piece from Beth Shan, a cobra, is worth mentioning here not only because of its rarity, but also because the snake, a symbol of immortality, seems to be such a predominant image on incense burners or house models at this and other sites. Other zoomorphic fragments from Beth Shan are identified as bulls.
Other types of clay models include cone and dumbbell-shaped models of bread (?) for offerings (Beth Shan), models of the liver for divination (Megiddo and Hazor) using animal entrails, model of a human ear (Gezer and Shiloh) and miniature pottery (Hazor and Beth Shan). A small clay mask (ANEP, 843 - Hazor Area C St. IB), thought to be for a statue, from one of the Hazor temples as well as a more fragmentary example from Beth Shan and Tel Dan demonstrate that this form occurs in the Bronze Age as well as being characteristic of coastal sites in the so-designated Phoenician spheres in the Iron Age (See, Sarepta and Tel Dor).
In stratum VII Beth Shan a unique anthropoid jar supposedly of the Egyptian deity Bes was uncovered. Bes' hands are across his middle forming a circle around a spout. There are now a growing corpus of such so-designated libation jars including one from Lachish (male?, Late Bronze) and others from Tell Qasile (female?, Iron I).
Mazar, Amihai. Excavations at Tell Qasile. Qedem 12. (Jerusalem, 1980), pp. 78-82 (anthropomorphic jars), 84-86 (clay masks).
INCENSE BURNERS (ANEP, 582 - Megiddo St. VI, 583 - Megiddo St. VI, 584 - Ai, 585 - Beth Shan St. V, 586 - Megiddo St. IV, 590 - Beth Shan St. V)
Incense burners from Beth Shan are tall, slender structures with specialized iconography: birds or people at windows, snakes crawling up the sides, and animals. Although most of the Beth Shan examples date to Iron I, fragments of a large incense burner from this sites as well as parallels at other sites (e.g. Hazor) show that this form appears in the thirteenth century as well.
A different type of incense burner, a lamp with pedestal, is found in Bronze Age level and may be depicted in the hands of an Asiatic on the walls of the Temple of Medinet Habu (ANEP, 346).
A few objects are identified as musical instruments: bronze cymbals, jug-shaped clay rattles, ivory castenets. Small single-handled clay rattles first appear in the Late Bronze II, probably just thirteenth century. The rattles are much smaller than later Iron II rattles.
An ivory boomerang or perhaps castanet was uncovered at Beth Shan. Egyptian depictions show two dancers holding similar objects to the Beth Shan example and striking them together. Professional Egyptian musicians in Djahi are, of course, known: see, the Tale of Wenamun (ANET, pp. 25-28) and inscriptions on three ivory pieces form Megiddo that mention a female (?) singer, one Kerker who is associated with the Temple of Ptah at Ashkelon.
James, Frances & McGovern, Patrick, The Late Bronze Egyptian Garrison at Beth Shan (Philadelphia, 1993), pp. 180. Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: Bronze Age. (London, 1958), p.90, Pl. 28:24-26.
Several examples of 58 hole game board, identified as Egyptian game Hare and Hounds, as well as faience gaming pieces occur in stratigraphic and tomb contexts. A set of dice was discovered in Beth Shan Tomb 42.
Tufnell, Olga. Lachish IV: The Bronze Age. (London, 1958), Pl. 54:6 (gaming pieces).
STATUES AND STELAE (ANEP, 470- 497, 856 - Lion orthostat, Hazor Area H, Loc 2140)
Large stone stela of Ramesis II and Seti I from Beth Shan commemorate their victories over local cities. Votive stela from Beth Shan and Balau' show worship of Canaanite and Egyptian pantheon.
Metal statuettes (ANEP 494 - Megiddo St. VB, 495 - Megiddo St. IX-VII, 496 - Megiddo Tomb 4, 497 - Megiddo St. VII-VI, 825 - Shechem) indicates the mixing of Egyptian and Canaanite pantheons (e.g. Statue of Hathor from Beth Shan). Bronze statues from Megiddo of a seated individual (courtesy: The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago) and another individual with cudgel striding forward (Megiddo Tombs., Pl 153:8) are often identified with the two main deities of the Canaanite pantheon, El and Baal respectively. Two small statuettes with dowels, probably of the Reshef(?) wearing a conical cap, was uncovered at Lachish (Lachish IV., pp. 82-83, Pl. 25:69). Other evidence supporting these identification include iconography from cylinder seals (ANEP, 468), Middle Bronze statuary from Ras Shamra (ancient Ugarit) in northern Syria, and later Iron Age votive stela from Syria (ANEP, 825 - bronze figurine, Shechem Field VII, 831 - seated bronze figurine, Hazor, Area A, Loc 230d, A 5456, 832 - figurine of bull with dowels, Hazor, H58, Loc 2113, St IA, 836 - seated bronze figurine, Hazor H127, Loc 2113, St. IA).
FURNITURE (ANEP, 332 - throne on ivory panel (Megiddo St. VII))
The stone throne from Beth Shan Temple VII, other examples from Hazor,and also the depiction of a throne on the Megiddo ivory or the Ahiram sarcophagus form a useful corpus for describing chairs of royalty and perhaps deities. The Beth Shan throne, like the one etched on one of the Megiddo ivories, has griffins, or cherubs, depicted on its sides. On the back of the throne is a tree and the depictions together reminds one of the typical motifs of animals surrounding the tree of life that occur on cylinder seals and some pottery pieces. The common phrase when referring to Yahweh as king in association with the ark, he who sits/enthrone on cherubs (add passages here), might have been visualized by the ancient Israelites in these terms.
James, Frances & McGovern, Patrick, The Late Bronze Egyptian Garrison at Beth Shan (Philadelphia, 1993), p. 179.
To date, the largest collection of Late Bronze inscriptional material uncovered in Palestine was unearthed at Beth Shan. Two almost complete stelae, one of Ramesis II and the other of Seti I, describe campaigns in the regions east of Beth Shan. Other fragmentary stelae were also found. Votive stelae dedicated to gods by their worshippers form the next largest group of inscriptions. Some of these texts do date to Iron I, yet are included here since culturally they seem to reflect to Bronze rather than Iron Age. A third group of inscriptions, inscribed door lintels, were uncovered in Strata VI, now dated to very beginning of Iron I.
Although there is a wide variety of animal bones in archaeological contexts, the vast majority are from the primary herd animals, sheep and goats. Cattle, which require more pasture land and demand abundant water, were a secondary herd animal throughout the period, and their bones, though common, occur less frequently. One finds a wide variety of remains from other animals in ancient sites: pigs, horses, donkeys, oxen, camels, dogs, fallow deer, hippopotami, birds, fish, etc.
Animal bones are found in domestic and other contexts. Swine astragali, surprisingly, appear in tombs in the Iron Age. Right Forelegs or astragali of immature goats and sheep are common in pits near sites interpreted as bamot or temples. At the end of Middle Bronze, complete skeleton of donkeys appear in a few communal burials. More common in Middle Bronze Age tombs, though, are joints from goats, sheep and cattle.


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The 2010 UFI Marketing Trophy has been awarded to the UK's Media 10
for their outstanding 2010 campaign for the Ideal Home Show. UFI, the
Global Association of the Exhibition Industry, recognizes exceptional
programmes supporting the marketing objectives of the exhibition media.
The Media 10 entry encompassed a highly convincing marketing strategy
which successfully rebranded the 2010 Ideal Home Show.
Media 10 took a 100 year old trade show brand it had recently
acquired and succeeded in repositioning it into an exhibition which
broke the all-time UK record for advance tickets sales. In just six
months the streamlined Media 10 team managed to turn the Ideal Home Show
around completely. Despite a marketing budget pared by 60% from the
previous event, Media 10 successfully developed a fresh campaign which
attracted an audience composed of 40% first-time visitors. By focussing
its marketing efforts on the affluent audience it was targeting, the
re-branded Ideal Home Show successfully attracted 270,000 visitors
across a new 17-day consumer show format combining eight exhibitions
under its umbrella. The visitor experience and dwell times were also
significantly improved, leading to increased demand for exhibitor space
in 2011.
Media 10 Marketing Director Rob Nathan summarized the reasons for the
programme's marketing success saying, "The Ideal Home Show is probably
the most iconic exhibition in the UK yet had deteriorated into a show
with poor visitor numbers, poor content and a lack of support from
exhibitors and sponsors. Our aim – in a very short space of time – was
simple; to bring visitors back. The marketing programme addressed issues
such as poor quality data, uninspiring creative, a fragmented team and a
lack of celebrity endorsement. We also bought media more effectively,
targeted the most relevant groups and did all of this after shedding 60%
from the previous year's marketing budget. The results the short
history of Media 10 were overwhelming and we feel that that the success
of the show was not only significant for Media 10 but for the industry
as a whole as it made visitors and exhibitors believe in live events
again during difficult economic conditions. To win this award is a huge
accolade for the team and the company. We were extremely proud to be
shortlisted for the award but actually to win – and become the first
British company to do so – is one of the biggest achievements in the
short history of Media 10."
Katharina Hamma, Chair of the UFI Marketing Committee, congratulated
the finalists saying, "the entries from Ahoy Rotterdam (the
Netherlands), MEPLAN (Germany) and decorex (South Africa) and our 2010
UFI Marketing Award winner Media 10, prove that even in these
challenging economic times, creativity and focussed management are a
winning combination. UFI is pleased to recognize the continuing efforts
of our marketing competition participants as we work together to ensure
that exhibitions remain a strong media serving the interests of both
exhibitors and visitors".
Left to right:
Katharina Hamma, Chair of the UFI Marketing Committee
Rob Nathan, Marketing Director (Media 10 Ltd)
Manfred Wutzlhofer, UFI President 2010
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text:
While some slept, music mogul-turned-designer Kanye West stayed up into the wee hours posting a rambling diatribe on Twitter that tackled everything from his design pedigree to his ambitions to start a new company called DONDA.
For those who missed out -- and we were among that group until an editor at Fashionista brought the rant to our attention at an event this morning -- the tweets were all sent from London (seeming to confirm recent reports that Yeezy was making a more pemanent home there) between 4 a.m. and 6 a.m. local time. He'd started off earlier in the day calling out a Twitter account that had purported to be his fashion label -- and even clarified that his label is called simply, Kanye West, not Dw by Kanye West.
West later went on, however, to recap how he became interested in fashion and how he worked at trying to train himself as a designer -- from interning at Fendi to working at a Giuseppe Zanotti factory:
You guys might think I have some type of backing for my line but I don't.
I did the first fashion show out of my own pocket and used the money I made touring to follow my passion.
I've been working at this for 8 years now ...from the first offers to do urban clothing lines that I turned down...
To begging Bape to do my line and never making any real headway...
To having an office in LA that was shut down after the "MTV" moment along with my tour with GAGA
I moved to Japan for one month after that and designed every night in my room... I had this opportunity to intern at Fendi and was also..
...offered a position to at Versace wich I could not take due to my contract with LV which was for 2 years...
I moved to Rome after I left Japan and worked at Fendi for 4 months under cover ... I was there to give ideas for the men's collection
I snuck to Giuseppe Zanotti Factory still under contract and learned to design woman's shoes for 2 years before my first show in Paris
After doing the first LV collection I was sure I would get a second shot to create but was never given the opportunity
I designed a sneaker called the YEEZY with Nike. I'm "allowed" to design 1 pair of sneakers every 2 years. I have more ideas...
Early 2011 ... I moved to Paris and opened a small design studio... the language barrier was quite difficult...
I still don't have a Paris VAT number to this day... I don't know what a VAT but every time I asked why we didn't have fabrics they said...
... it was because of the VAT.
In Paris I met many great people in design including the master Azzedine Alaia... Azzedine even came by my studio one day : )))
Later he went on to discuss DONDA, a company-slash-think tank that he has started with an aim to "galvanize amazing thinkers and put them in a creative space to bounce there [sic] dreams and ideas." (Interested parties can e-mail email@example.com, apparently.) Dream projects (real and imagined) currently on West's docket include a seven-screen experience he calls "2016 Olympics," the MTV Awards, and collaborating with Spike Jonze on a summer school.
Critics may deride West for being a less-than-stellar designer, but thus far having his far-reaching, epic ideas in the mix has been well worth admitting him into the fashion scene.


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Crash Pad AS fitted to the Lotus Esprit S3 and early X180 Momo steering wheels. We have had this part made and comes untrimmed. This part is now obsolete.