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Shop the Best Selection of Tennis Racquets from the Top Brands in Tennis
Anatomy of a Tennis Racquet
Tennis racquet qualifications: The International Tennis Federation (ITF) has specific rules defining what a legal racquet is. The overall length from the bottom of the handle to the top of the head must not exceed 73.7 cm or 29 inches. The frame may not exceed 31.7 cm or 12.5 inches wide. The hitting surface may not exceed 39.4 cm/15.5 inches in length, nor may it exceed 29.2 cm/11.5 inches in width.
No device that changes the shape or weight distribution may be attached to the racquet such that these alterations could be performed during the playing of a point. Additional prohibitions include energy sources that affect the playing characteristics of a racquet and devices that allow communication to a player during a match.
A Short History
Originally racquets were made of wood and came with a press that bolted on to the head to keep its shape intact when not in use. These racquets were highly susceptible to warping when exposed to moisture and extreme temperatures. Steel and aluminum frames replaced the delicate wooden frames but were problematic for advanced players. The soft metal and flexing of the head made it difficult to direct shots with precision. This led to the development of graphite racquets, which are lightweight, stronger and provide better control. Today's racquets use graphite, carbon fiber or composite materials.
How to Choose the Right Tennis Racquet
Tennis racquets, not unlike a pair of tennis shoes, have a personal 'fit', brand and style preference. Since there are so many tennis racquets in the marketplace today, we have created the Racquet Pro tool to help you search for the right racquet model to fit your preferences and style of play. Instead of reading hundreds of racquet product summaries, by entering a few criteria that define the characteristics of the tennis racquet you are searching for, you can narrow your search down to just a few racquet choices. Adjusting the criteria can make the search results more general or more specific, allowing for a thorough yet efficient evaluation process.
Do It Tennis offers a wide selection of tennis racquets to choose from including industry leaders such as Wilson, Dunlop, Babolat, Head, Prince, Volkl, Borris Becker, Donnay, Gamma, ProKennex, Technifibre, Weed, and Yonex. Our experienced staff will be able to help you find the best tennis racquet to fit your style of play.
What to Look for
Racquet Head Size
Head size is the single most important attribute to consider when selecting a new tennis racquet. This basic guideline will assist you:
Midsize: 90-98 sq. in. — Favored by advanced players as this head size is more control oriented yet doesn't provide as much power. These racquets are recommended for experienced players.
Mid Plus: 99-106 sq. in. — Intermediate players find that this head size suits a balanced game and offers a nice blend of power and control.
Oversize: 107-125 sq. in. — Beginners tend to see better results with oversize frames because they give a lot of power, and allow a player to concentrate on perfecting their swing.
Racquet String
Choosing the right string is another important step in the process of buying a racquet. Style of play and susceptibility to arm and shoulder injuries will influence the type of string used more than anything else.
Flexible strings like natural and synthetic gut provide more power and tend to be easier on the arm and shoulder. This comes at the expense of being able to have control on the direction of a shot. Rigid strings like polypropylene and Kevlar provide more control on shots, but tend to be harder on the arms and shoulders. Many elite players opt for a hybrid of rigid and flexible strings, allowing them to have the benefits of both types of string material.
In addition to choosing the right string material, the proper tension is also important. Lower tension will provide more power but less control and will be less stressful on the arm and shoulder. More tension will provide more control but also more stress on the arm and shoulder.
One of the most expensive investments tennis players make is their tennis racquets. Taking a little extra time up front to find the right model, string and tension will save more time and expense in the long run.
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Chevron Issues Interim Update for Third Quarter 2013
SAN RAMON, Calif., October 9, 2013 – Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX) today reported in its interim update that earnings for the third quarter 2013 are expected to be lower than in the second quarter. Upstream results for the third quarter are projected to be slightly higher than the prior quarter while downstream earnings are expected to be significantly lower. Second quarter earnings included foreign exchange gains of approximately $300 million, compared to similarly sized losses anticipated for the third quarter. The interim update contains industry and company operating data for the first two months of the third quarter. Readers are advised that the commentary below compares results for the first two months of the third quarter 2013 to full second quarter 2013 results, unless indicated otherwise.
Read the Entire Press Release with Tables (223 KB)
Chevron's discussion of third quarter 2013 earnings with security analysts will take place on Friday, November 1, 2013, at 8:00 a.m. PDT. A webcast of the meeting will be available in a listen-only mode to individual investors, media, and other interested parties on Chevron's website at www.chevron.com under the "Investors" section. Additional financial and operating information will be contained in the Earnings Supplement that will be available under "Events & Presentations" in the "Investors" section on the website.
This interim update of Chevron Corporation contains forward-looking statements relating to Chevron's operations that are based on management's current expectations, estimates and projections about the petroleum, chemicals and other energy-related industries. Words such as "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "targets," "forecasts," "projects," "believes," "seeks," "schedules," "estimates," "budgets," "outlook" and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond the company's control and are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. The reader should not place undue reliance onthese forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this interim update. Unless legally required,Chevron undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are: changing crude oil and natural gas prices; changing refining, marketing and chemical margins; actions of competitors or regulators; timing of exploration expenses; timing of crude oil liftings; the competitiveness of alternate-energy sources or product substitutes; technological developments; the results of operations and financial condition of equity affiliates; the inability or failure of the company's joint-venture partners to fund their share of operations and development activities; the potential failure to achieve expected net production from existing and future crude oil and natural gas development projects; potential delays in the development, construction or start-up of planned projects; the potential disruption or interruption of the company's production or manufacturing facilities or delivery/transportation networks due to war, accidents, political events, civil unrest, severe weather or crude oil production quotas that might be imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; the potential liability for remedial actions or assessments required by existing or future environmental regulations and litigation; significant investment or product changes required by existing or future environmental statutes, regulations and litigation; the potential liability resulting from other pending or future litigation; the company's future acquisition or disposition of assets and gains and losses from asset dispositions or impairments; government-mandated sales, divestitures, recapitalizations, industry-specific taxes, changes in fiscal terms or restrictions on scope of company operations; foreign currency movements compared with the U.S. dollar; the effects of changed accounting rules under generally accepted accounting principles promulgated by rule-setting bodies; and the factors set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" on pages 28 through 30 of the company's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, such results could be affected by general domestic and international economic and political conditions. Other unpredictable or unknown factors not discussed in this interim update could also have material adverse effects on forward-looking statements.


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IGEM:MIT/2006/System brainstorming
- IGEM:MIT/2006/System brainstorming/Smell-o-Rama
- IGEM:MIT/2006/Other
- IGEM:MIT/2006/System brainstorming/Autotrophic bacteria - filed some in in case its still on the table?
Post your project ideas here.
See the brainstorming of last year's team.
Rough Ideas
- Bacterial scents (RS)
- Living Lamp (RS)
- Fast time scale switching
- Analog Clock (AC)
- Cool part domestication
- Rhodopsin
- Magnetotaxis
- Competence
- CC Signaling
- Chemotaxis
- Linear induction
- Organism Domestication
- meso, square bacteria, fast E. coli, cyanobacteria
- Do some work with stationary phase, auto-inducing media (a la Studier)
- Multiple genetic populations interacting
- Organisms that eat photons (JK)
- rhodopsin (AC)
- Synthetic Vesicles (Libchaber)
- meso (DE)
- laundry list of parts
- put genome in a YAC
- refactoring/redesign
- knock out restriction system
- genome boot-up
- genome transfer (DE)
- autolyse cells
- Cell/Electrical connections
Some may be resurrected
- Mitochondrial Liberation & Synthetic organelle(BC)
- Square Bacteria (JK)
- Maze (JK)
- wood eater (SS)
- wood-o-genesis(SS)
- Diagnostic Bacteria (BC)
- Characterization methods
- MS2 bound to mRNA
- Subset of composable promoters and RBSs
- Plasmid-level parts
- Single-copy
- Synthetic genomes (a la T7)
- Assembly
- in vitro, recombination
- Phage
Cell/Electrical Connection
Connect cells to some kind of electrical system. Would allow for easy monitoring, interesting feedback systems, and allow creation of hybrid systems.
- rhodopsin (proton pump changes pH)
- Magnetic bacteria generating electricity
- Genetic controlled expression of cell surface enzyme that interacts with substrate on surface that changes electrical properties: [1]
- Collier JH and Mrksich M. Engineering a biospecific communication pathway between cells and electrodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 14;103(7):2021-5. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0504349103 |
Auto-prep Cells
Under induction control, express
- Lysis gene
- protease
- either RNase or DNase (depending on whether prepping DNA/RNA)
Spin down cells, perhaps do a ethanol precipitation. Can easily select for proper performing cells.
Things to think about
- Is there any way to enzymatically separate chromosomal from plasmid DNA?
- If have different control pathways that also expresses BioBrick enzymes, then may be able to prep and cut at the same time. A bit further out in fantasy land: using 3-antibiotic selection or other method, we could have cells auto-assemble parts. Grow up one cell line, induce with X which preps and cuts with ES, grow up another cell with second part, induce with Y which preps and cuts with XP, mix two lysates together, add destination plasmid, ligase, and transform new cells.
- Would be pretty modular in being able to be built incrementally by externally supplying other enzymes.
- Ideally, would require no chemicals (i.e. ethanol). Probably no way to get away from one centrifuge step to get rid of cell debris (what else other than nucleic acids would remain soluble?)
DNA prep only
An alternative is DNA production only. Find a DNA secreting system (Agrobacterium for instance), put the secreting signal on the plasmid. The cells continually make and secrete the desired DNA (DNA bioreactor). By not lysing the cells, it makes it easier to separate the cells from the DNA.
- Garrett J, Fusselman R, Hise J, Chiou L, Smith-Grillo D, Schulz J, and Young R. Cell lysis by induction of cloned lambda lysis genes. Mol Gen Genet. 1981;182(2):326-31. DOI:10.1007/BF00269678 |
- Jain V and Mekalanos JJ. Use of lambda phage S and R gene products in an inducible lysis system for Vibrio cholerae- and Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-based DNA vaccine delivery systems. Infect Immun. 2000 Feb;68(2):986-9. DOI:10.1128/IAI.68.2.986-989.2000 |
Organisms that eat photons
Looks like cyanobacteria are significantly easier to genetically manipulate than algae. Cyanobacteria have Photosystem I/II and are thought to be the ancestor of chloroplasts (via endocytosis). Not sure why GreenFuel et al don't use them in their reactors, it is possibly because they don't have as high a lipid content as the algae (Dunaliella) that they use currently. Two popular cyanobacteria strains are PCC7942 and PCC6803. Peter has both of these strains available, as well as some of the plasmids for genetic manipulation, he has also made & tested the growth media BG11.
- Synechocistis PCC6803 is a naturally transformable cyanobacterium which will give you colonies on hard agar in 4 days. It is also heterotrophic, so you can grow it on glucose in the dark. (thanks to Peter Weigele for the info)
- Knock in/out system available for 6803 w/ a sucrose selection/counter selection. Keith Tyo in the Stephanopolous lab has the plasmids, etc, but Peter is in the process of getting them from him.
- S.elongus (7942) is the model system for circadian clocks in prokaryotes (its used in the vanO lab), so that might be a cool hook to play with as well.
- Genetic manipulation was worked out for 7942 largely by Sue Golden.
Another suggestion from Peter: "Something else you might want to consider is hydrogen from a photoheterotroph, such as Rhodopseudomonas palustris. You can get H2 from an acetate feedstock. Acetate is a waste product in many industrial fermentations and is an energy poor carbon source. Rhodo uses light to kick up the electrons to an energy level where they can be used to do work. Some protons get moved around too to make a gradient to drive ATP synthesis. The genome is sequenced and the strain is manipulable"
H2 sensor
The H2 sensing circuit has been studied in detail in Ralstonia eutropha[5]. The network consists of a hydrogenase-like protein to control gene expression and also a two-component regulatory system. This bacterium can metabolize Hydrogen gas as an energy source and the hydrogen sensor is used to regulate the synthesis of the metabolic enzymes.
Ralstonia eutropha is a gram negative bacteria. Peter Weigele has the strain and the Sinskey lab has plasmids to transform it. It expresses two hydrogenases, one membrane bound (MBH), the other cytoplasmic (SH). The operons for both of the multi-protein complexes are co-regulated. HoxA is the key regulator. HoxB,C and J form the signal transduction network. HoxBC appears to be the hydrogen receptor and HoxJ inactivates HoxA by phosphorylation. When HoxBC is bound to Hydrogen, it inactivates HoxJ [6].
Kamachi and coworkers have produced a Light-driven hydrogen production system in Synechocystis. Not directly related to the H2 sensor but maybe cool for the photon eating stuff above.
- Kleihues L, Lenz O, Bernhard M, Buhrke T, and Friedrich B. The H(2) sensor of Ralstonia eutropha is a member of the subclass of regulatory [NiFe] hydrogenases. J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2716-24. DOI:10.1128/JB.182.10.2716-2724.2000 |
- Lenz O, Bernhard M, Buhrke T, Schwartz E, and Friedrich B. The hydrogen-sensing apparatus in Ralstonia eutropha. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002 May;4(3):255-62.
- Ihara M, Nishihara H, Yoon KS, Lenz O, Friedrich B, Nakamoto H, Kojima K, Honma D, Kamachi T, and Okura I. Light-driven hydrogen production by a hybrid complex of a [NiFe]-hydrogenase and the cyanobacterial photosystem I. Photochem Photobiol. 2006 May-Jun;82(3):676-82. DOI:10.1562/2006-01-16-RA-778 |
Greenfuel plugin
Samantha looking into this.
Saccharophagus degradans
Very recent paper showing that Saccharophagus degradans can break down cellulose and all other major polysaccharides [8]. There could be uses in converting plant biomass to energy.
- Taylor LE 2nd, Henrissat B, Coutinho PM, Ekborg NA, Hutcheson SW, and Weiner RM. Complete cellulase system in the marine bacterium Saccharophagus degradans strain 2-40T. J Bacteriol. 2006 Jun;188(11):3849-61. DOI:10.1128/JB.01348-05 |
E. coli
E. coli has receptors for blue light. Could perhaps get another light control channel.
- Wright S, Walia B, Parkinson JS, and Khan S. Differential activation of Escherichia coli chemoreceptors by blue-light stimuli. J Bacteriol. 2006 Jun;188(11):3962-71. DOI:10.1128/JB.00149-06 |
Living lamp
According to this site, most homemade lava lamps are built using a mixture of mineral oil and 70-90% isopropyl alcohol (with possibly some supplemented chemicals to help the lamp work better.) Obviously such a method wouldn't work for us.
However, according the lava lamp patent descriptions, "The clear liquid is roughly 70/30% (by volume) water and a liquid which will raise the coefficient of cubic thermal expansion and encourage the movement. The patent recommends slip agents such as propylene glycol for this. However, glycerol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol (aka PEG) are also mentioned as being sufficient." This sentence implies that we ought to be able to use something other than alcohol.
The other relevant patent says, "A display device comprising a container having two substances therein, with one of the substances being of a heavier specific gravity and immiscible with the other substance, with the first substance being of such a nature that it is either substantially solid at room temperature or is so viscous at room temperature that neither will emulsify with the other liquid, and when heat is applied to the container, the first substance will become flowable and move about in the other substance.
...The liquid in which the globule is suspended is usually dyed water, but not necessarily so. The other liquid is chosen with very many considerations in mind, including the relative densities of the liquids at the desired operating temperature; the fact that the liquids must be immiscible; the fact that the surface tension must be such that the globule does not adhere to the walls of the container; the relative coefficients of thermal expansion of the liquids; and the shapes that are obtained during operation. A suitable liquid for the globule has been found to comprise mineral oil, paraffin, carbon tetrachloride and a dye or dyes. However, undue shaking or sharp impacts, especially during transport of the display device, can cause total or partial emulsification of the globule." My guess is that most homemade lava lamps are made from an alcohol mixture because it is cheaper and possibly also easier to achieve the lava effect.
Also note that they recommend putting a dimmer switch on the bulb below the lamp to be able to regulate the heat output.
- We'd have to do some research to see if media or media supplemented with something would be
- nontoxic to cells
- have the necessary properties to achieve the lava effect at ~37°C
- Luminescence requires oxygen so we'd have to oxygenate the contents of the lava lamp which might interfere with the lava effect. [from TK]
Bacterial scents
|benzoic acid & S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)
|S-adenosyl-L-methionine:benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (BAMT)
|methyl benzoate
|pleasant smell
|trans-cinnamic acid & S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)
|methyl cinnamate
|jasmonic acid & S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)
|S-adenosyl-L-methionine:jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT)
|methyl jasmonate
|salicylic acid (SA) & S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)
|S-adenosyl-L-methionine:salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (SAMT)
|methyl salicylate
|[11, 12, 13]
Expert advice
From Natalia Dudareva, Purdue University:
- thinks that you can smell wintergreen from E. coli cultures expressing SAMT with salicylic acid in the media
From Eran Pichersky, University of Michigan:
- E. coli cultures expressing SAMT with salicylic acid in the media will have a detectable wintergreen smell
- eliminate indole pathway (responsible for bad E. coli smell) to strengthen the scent.
- have shown production of several scent compounds in E. coli
- C. breweri
- DNA and protein sequence known
- Expressed in E. coli
- Methyl salicylate has been extracted from spent medium of E. coli cells when medium was supplemented with salicylic acid
- Genbank AF133053
- also can use benzoic acid as a substrate but with lower efficiency
- crystal structure available
- A. majus (Snapdragon)
- DNA and protein sequence known
- Expressed in E. coli
- Methyl salicylate has been extracted from spent medium of E. coli cells when medium was supplemented with salicylic acid
- also can use benzoic acid as a substrate but with lower efficiency
- Methyl benzoate has been extracted from spent medium of E. coli cells when medium was supplemented with benzoic acid
- S. floribunda
- Genbank AJ308570
- A belladonna
- Genbank AB049752
- A. thaliana AY008434
- Snapdragon AF198492
- Pott MB, Hippauf F, Saschenbrecker S, Chen F, Ross J, Kiefer I, Slusarenko A, Noel JP, Pichersky E, Effmert U, and Piechulla B. Biochemical and structural characterization of benzenoid carboxyl methyltransferases involved in floral scent production in Stephanotis floribunda and Nicotiana suaveolens. Plant Physiol. 2004 Aug;135(4):1946-55. DOI:10.1104/pp.104.041806 |
- Ross JR, Nam KH, D'Auria JC, and Pichersky E. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in floral scent production and plant defense, represents a new class of plant methyltransferases. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Jul 1;367(1):9-16. DOI:10.1006/abbi.1999.1255 |
- Negre F, Kolosova N, Knoll J, Kish CM, and Dudareva N. Novel S-adenosyl-L-methionine:salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, an enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of methyl salicylate and methyl benzoate, is not involved in floral scent production in snapdragon flowers. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Oct 15;406(2):261-70. DOI:10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00458-7 |
- Zubieta C, Ross JR, Koscheski P, Yang Y, Pichersky E, and Noel JP. Structural basis for substrate recognition in the salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase family. Plant Cell. 2003 Aug;15(8):1704-16. DOI:10.1105/tpc.014548 |
Terpenes and terpenoids
- Terpenes are hydrocarbons: combinations of several isoprenes. (Sometimes encompasses terpenoids.)
- Terpernoids are modified terpenes with methyl groups added/removed or oxygens added
- From Wikipedia: "Terpenoids contribute to the scent of eucalyptus, the flavors of cinnamon, cloves and ginger and the color of yellow flowers. Well-known terpenoids include citral, menthol, camphor and the cannabinoids found in the Cannabis plant."
E. coli has the Δ3-isopentenyl-pyrophosphate pathway, and the enzymes to produce geranyl-PP. This pathway is less effective than the mevalonate pathway, but this has been cloned into an E. coli strain by Keastling's group. Many scented compounds can be made from isopentenyl-PP and geranyl-PP with one or two enzymes, including lemon, orange, pine, etc. See Ecocyc for the pathways (type IPP as a compound and look at the synthetic and reactant pathways that link to it).
Terpenes are also the precursor to rubber and many of the resins and gums.
Indole elimination
Indole is the precursor to and degradation product of tryptophan. We could knock out the relevant two enzymes and supply tryptophan exogenously. Also, we could supply tryptophan exogenously and see if that is sufficient to inhibit indole formation via feedback inhibition in a "normal" strain. [from TK]
Indole can act as an extracellular signal so indole can probably get in and out of the cell.
Relevant reactions
In Pathway Reactions as a Reactant:
tryptophan biosynthesis : indole + L-serine = L-tryptophan + H2O
In Pathway Reactions as a Product:
tryptophan biosynthesis : indole-3-glycerol-phosphate = indole + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
tryptophan degradation II (via pyruvate) : L-tryptophan + H2O = indole + pyruvate + ammonia
Relevant enzymes
trpB (biosynthesis) and tnaA (degradation)
- FREUNDLICH M and LICHSTEIN HC. Inhibitory effect of glucose on tryptophanase. J Bacteriol. 1960 Nov;80(5):633-8. DOI:10.1128/jb.80.5.633-638.1960 |
- Phillips RS and Dua RK. Indole protects tryptophan indole-lyase, but not tryptophan synthase, from inactivation by trifluoroalanine. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Aug 1;296(2):489-96. DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90602-s |
Diagnostic bacteria
I'd like to be able to add a small number of diagnostic bacteria into a larger culture to detect the presence of cells containing engineered devices in the culture. Presumably there would be BB DNA floating around from lysed bacteria (does it get cut up?). The diagnostic bacteria would need to responsd to BB DNA by glowing green or smelling minty fresh:) The response might be mediated by uptake of DNA into the diagnostic bacteria and then use the mixed connective site as a riboregulator or maybe have a membrane protein that binds specific DNA sequences and triggers a two component system. Very sketchy proposal right now. Unless we could find easy ways of doing this it would be a protein engineering project.
Minimal Cellular Power Supply & Chassis
It would be really great to have a cell with the following properties:
- made from known components.
- works well with any system that's placed inside the cell.
The TK lab has done some foundational work on developing Mesoplasma florum as a standard cellular power supply and chassis (e.g., sequencing its genome).
Still, today, there is not a well-described simple cell that serves as a standard cellular power supply and chassis. Let's get on with it!
The goal of this project would be to take the development of Mesoplasma florum as a chassis to the next level. Specific parts of the project might include:
- making parts out of all the known Meso genes (e.g., ~600 new parts!)
- develop genome-scale engineering methods (e.g., cell and genome fusion techniques)
- measure the properties of a cell (e.g., transcription and translation load functions)
- design a new organism (e.g., minimal / modelable metabolism, DNA refactoring)
Strengths of this project would include:
- significant advisor interest and expertise
- some parts of the projects are, as near as possible, guaranteed to work (i.e., turn genes into new parts)
- the project would result in foundational contributions to the field (i.e., not another stupid bacteria trick)
Random, Environmentally-Sensitive Design Generator
In 2000, Elowitz and Leibler created a ring oscillator system in bacteria which allowed for the oscillation of green fluorescent protein expression. I would like to develop many plasmids of this kind with a few modifications. First, each plasmid's expression of the ocscillating system would be dependent on the sensing of a particular type of light (specifically, red, yellow, or blue). In addition, following each of the three repressors constituting the oscillator would be a unique fluorescent color protein coding region (again, red, yellow, or blue). These plasmids would be randomly distributed onto a field of cells. Then, once a light is shined on a particular region of the field, environmentally-sensitive, multi-color light patterns will be developed on the field of cells. Reference: Elowitz, M. B. & Leibler, S. A synthetic oscillatory network of transcriptional regulators. Nature 403, 335–338 (2000).
Strength: Cool Demo
Weakness: Not any real significant scientific value
Light Amplifier
In 2004, a team of students from the University of Texas at Austin created a system engineered inside bacteria which produced a black precipitate in the absence of red light. This system was then used to take pictures of a projected slide with the aid of modern imaging technology. I would like to explore the possibility of connecting the light sensor component of their system to another genetic circuit. This genetic circuit would consist of a promoter, which would trigger subsequent red light production when enough polymerases per second (PoPS) are received from the output of the light-sensing device. Thus, by shining red light on one cell, all of the cells in a bacterial lawn will be lit up red. One could then place yellow, green, and blue light-sensing and light-producing systems similar to these systems in the same cells, inducing the whole lawn to amplify a light signal directed towards a single cell. Reference: Levskaya A, Chevalier AA, Tabor JJ, Simpson ZB, Lavery LA, Levy M, Davidson EA, Scouras A, Ellington AD, Marcotte EM, Voigt CA. Synthetic biology: engineering Escherichia coli to see light. Nature. 2005 Nov 24;438(7067):441-442.
Strength: Could be used as an indirect measurement of PoPS which is integral to the development of synthetic biology Physics professors may be interested Could be used in the future as a cheaper light source
Weakness: May seem too simple or unuseful at first glance
Vibrio furnissii hydrocarbon production
Park has discovered a strain of Vibrio furnissii which produces significant quantities of long chain hydrocarbons from fatty acids [16, 17, 18]. The key pathway is from the aldehyde hexadecanal to the alcohol hexadecanol to the hydrocarbon hexadecane. Remarkably, this reduction appears to take place in an oxygen environment, making the enzyme especially interesting.
The project would be to enrich for V. furnissii strains on alkaline peptone water (with 7% NaCl see here), plate out on TCBS agar, isolate Vibrio colonies, and select hydrocarbon producers. We would then shotgun clone genomic DNA into E. coli, add exogenous hexadecanol, and attempt to isolate clones producing hexadecane. Sequencing selected strains might reveal the important enzyme.
Several diffficulties arise: potential pathogenicity of V. furnissii, likelihood of obtaining a hydrocarbon producing strain, cross reaction between hexadecanol and hexadecane. The strain NCTC 11218 is alleged to be non-pathogenic, although the evidence for this seems thin. It is used as a validation test for TCBS agar in microbiology labs. See Taylor [19].
Wackett at the University of Minnesota has started looking at this with this short proposal:
Petroleum Fuels in Real-Time from Renewable Resources
Lead: Lawrence P. Wackett (BMBB)
Funding Amount: $270,000
Project Abstract: Petroleum hydrocarbons took hundreds of millions of years to form naturally, but are being harvested and combusted in centuries. Either our vehicles and industry will change dramatically, or a renewable source of petroleum-like alkanes will need to be developed. Recently, bacteria have been shown to biosynthesize middle chain-length alkanes in the time frame of enzyme-catalyzed reactions (a typical enzyme second order rate constant is 106 M-1s-1). Middle chain-length alkanes are the "sweet" part of petroleum that is used as liquid fuels. Longer chain-length alkanes are less preferred as fuels and short-chain alkanes are gaseous and thus not amenable for use as transportation fuels. In traditional petroleum fuels, sulfur-containing ring compounds cause polluting sulfurous oxides during combustion. Bacterially-produced middle chain-length alkanes can provide a fuels source for society that derives from renewable resources and combusts efficiently and with much less pollution. Moreover, alkane-producing metabolism could be tuned to generate different chain-length alkanes to be used for different purposes; for example, C8– C14 alkanes can be used in automobile engines and C14 – C22 alkanes used in diesel engines. Research is proposed here to better understand and engineer bacterial fermentations that transform common renewable resources into fuel hydrocarbons. A bacterium has been described that is capable of producing C14 – C22 alkanes (diesel fuel) from glucose, xylose, acetate, sugar cane molasses, xylan or chitin. The pathway and enzymes involved in lipid reduction to alkanes is proposed but still requires experimental investigation. In this project, the researchers will begin to: (1) identify the key enzyme(s) reducing alcohols to alkanes, (2) elucidate the pathway for alkane production, (3) metabolically engineer superior alkane producing strains, (4) isolate superior alkane producing bacteria from nature, and (5) analyze the optimal economic outcomes for biobased production of alkanes from various renewable resources. This project has a very high probability of generating new intellectual property and providing the basis for external funding from the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation and other agencies.
See also Wackett's presentation: [1]
- Park MO, Tanabe M, Hirata K, and Miyamoto K. Isolation and characterization of a bacterium that produces hydrocarbons extracellularly which are equivalent to light oil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 Aug;56(3-4):448-52. DOI:10.1007/s002530100683 |
- Park MO, Heguri K, Hirata K, and Miyamoto K. Production of alternatives to fuel oil from organic waste by the alkane-producing bacterium, Vibrio furnissii M1. J Appl Microbiol. 2005;98(2):324-31. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02454.x |
- Park MO. New pathway for long-chain n-alkane synthesis via 1-alcohol in Vibrio furnissii M1. J Bacteriol. 2005 Feb;187(4):1426-9. DOI:10.1128/JB.187.4.1426-1429.2005 |
- Taylor JA and Barrow GI. A non-pathogenic vibrio for the routine quality control of TCBS cholera medium. J Clin Pathol. 1981 Feb;34(2):208-12. DOI:10.1136/jcp.34.2.208 |
- Brenner DJ, Hickman-Brenner FW, Lee JV, Steigerwalt AG, Fanning GR, Hollis DG, Farmer JJ 3rd, Weaver RE, Joseph SW, and Seidler RJ. Vibrio furnissii (formerly aerogenic biogroup of Vibrio fluvialis), a new species isolated from human feces and the environment. J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Oct;18(4):816-24. DOI:10.1128/jcm.18.4.816-824.1983 |
- Oró J, Tornabene TG, Nooner DW, and Gelpi E. Aliphatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids of some marine and freshwater microorganisms. J Bacteriol. 1967 Jun;93(6):1811-8. DOI:10.1128/jb.93.6.1811-1818.1967 |
- Holden PA, LaMontagne MG, Bruce AK, Miller WG, and Lindow SE. Assessing the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa surface-active gene expression in hexadecane biodegradation in sand. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 May;68(5):2509-18. DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.5.2509-2518.2002 |
Birkeland N-K, The microbial diversity of deep subsurface oil reservoirs, Chapter 14, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 151
Vazuez-Duhalt R and Quintero-Ramirez R (eds.), (2004) Elesevier B. V.
Valderrama B, Bacterial hydrocarbon biosynthesis revisited, Chapter 13, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 151
Vazuez-Duhalt R and Quintero-Ramirez R (eds.), (2004) Elesevier B. V.
- Haight RD and Morita RY. Thermally induced leakage from Vibrio marinus, an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium. J Bacteriol. 1966 Nov;92(5):1388-93. DOI:10.1128/jb.92.5.1388-1393.1966 |
- Hickman-Brenner FW, Brenner DJ, Steigerwalt AG, Schreiber M, Holmberg SD, Baldy LM, Lewis CS, Pickens NM, and Farmer JJ 3rd. Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio furnissii isolated from a stool sample of one patient. J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Jul;20(1):125-7. DOI:10.1128/jcm.20.1.125-127.1984 |
- O'Hara CM, Sowers EG, Bopp CA, Duda SB, and Strockbine NA. Accuracy of six commercially available systems for identification of members of the family vibrionaceae. J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Dec;41(12):5654-9. DOI:10.1128/JCM.41.12.5654-5659.2003 |
Stone RW and Zobel CE, Bacterial aspects of the origin of petroleum, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol 44 No 11 pp 2564-7 (1952).
Protein/Nucleic Acid/BioBrick(??) Intercellular Translocation
Update: I'll put up a revised version of this idea soon. It seems that these systems are not as I initially thought. I'll leave the references, though (if they are of interest at all).
- Journet L, Hughes KT, and Cornelis GR. Type III secretion: a secretory pathway serving both motility and virulence (review). Mol Membr Biol. 2005 Jan-Apr;22(1-2):41-50. DOI:10.1080/09687860500041858 |
- Spreng S, Dietrich G, Niewiesk S, ter Meulen V, Gentschev I, and Goebel W. Novel bacterial systems for the delivery of recombinant protein or DNA. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2000 Apr;27(4):299-304. DOI:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01443.x |
- Majander K, Anton L, Antikainen J, Lång H, Brummer M, Korhonen TK, and Westerlund-Wikström B. Extracellular secretion of polypeptides using a modified Escherichia coli flagellar secretion apparatus. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Apr;23(4):475-81. DOI:10.1038/nbt1077 |
Cell History
I figured it wouldn't hurt to throw the idea up. It is what I told everyone about at the Legal-lunch. It's a pretty simple idea. So, I like the idea of cellular memory. Cells have intrinsic mechanisms for not only using up-to-date information (solute concentrations, cell density, you name it), but also for using past information to define a current or even future state. The example I gave at lunch was the homing of blood stem cells in the early embryo (as they make their way to their niche). Another example is telomeres shortening with cellular division. As in the telomere example, a permanent DNA alteration is made to record the history of the cell.
I propose we somewhat follow this idea of recording the history of the cell. More specifically, it would be interesting (at least to me) to create a system that can take in inputs, differentiating, at minimum, between the order of those inputs, store that information, and deliver that information at the request of the researcher. Here's a simpler description of what I am trying to say:
There exist two inputs A and C with corresponding outputs B and D, respectively. Both B and D would be necessary to elicit some reporter function (mint smell, perhaps?). D would also be a "permanent" inhibitor of A (permanent meaning D would make some type of DNA alteration to eliminate A rather than simply repressing A or something like that). Thus, only if B were already produced (i.e. if input A were received before input C) would the reporter be expressed/activated/etc.
B + D -> Reporter
- This system only really works out (and you keep the whole "history-keeping" apect of this idea) if the outputs (B and D) are "permanent".
- This can completely be expanded to more than two inputs. Of course, this would require greater interdependency within the system, something we don't want. Furthermore, the complexity you add with each input is quite interesting (not in a good way, though there are some neat patterns that arise; I began working some of this stuff out)
- We can potentially start out with some parts that we already have.
- This network may be relatively easy to construct compared to the other ideas we have thrown around.
Comments: This falls into the general application category of Information Processing. TK mentions that a general approach for making biological Finite State Machines (FSMs) would be interesting. Austin mentions that an old Princeton iGEM project was to implement the "Simon" game in bacteria (they just started work on a design, but never made anything).
Drew pointed out this paper to me. They created a genetic toggle switch that can stably interconvert between two states.
- Gardner TS, Cantor CR, and Collins JJ. Construction of a genetic toggle switch in Escherichia coli. Nature. 2000 Jan 20;403(6767):339-42. DOI:10.1038/35002131 |
- Ham TS, Lee SK, Keasling JD, and Arkin AP. A tightly regulated inducible expression system utilizing the fim inversion recombination switch. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2006 May 5;94(1):1-4. DOI:10.1002/bit.20916 |
Autotrophic e.coli
As a first step to constructing an autotrophic E.Coli cell, we can get a light-driven proton gradient present in the cells. This will be accomplished by expressing Proteorhodopsin along with the genes necessary for the biosynthesis of retinal in E.Coli. I'm not sure the steps that would follow - I guess you'd have to get the "dark" reations of photosynthesis going, which might be tough. However, getting a light-driven proton gradient working will be easy! in fact it's already been done.
This paper describes co-transforming E.coli, with pACCAR16<delta>crtX and a plasmid containing the blh gene and the Proteorhodopsin gene each under inducible control.
- pACCAR16<delta>crtX - contains crtE,crtB,crtI,andcrtY genes, which are responsible for B-carotene biosynthesis in E.herbicola
- Originally, specified in this paper written by researchers at Kirin, makers of a very fine product.
- Blh protein cleaves B-carotene creating retinal
in particular see this figure where they demonstrate inducing both Blh and proteorhodopsin and getting red E.coli (an indicator of proteorhodopsin bound to retinal). The particular Blh-homolog used in this study was found in a BAC library from the same paper.
This project would involve "domesticating" this system by getting the relevant genes either chromosomally integrated or all on a single BioBrick plasmid. We would be able to tell its working at a first pass by just seeing that the cells turn red, and we could follow up by doing pH measurements as specified by Ed Delong's group. We could also determine the other steps necessary to make E.coli truly autotrophic and start on those if we have time. The eventual goal is e.coli that grows on minimal media with no carbon source. bam!
Calvin Cycle (the "dark reactions")
So check this out. In an effort to do directed evolution on RuBisCO, these folks partially reconstructed the Calvin cycle in E.Coli (wt E.coli naturally expresses 8 of 11 of the required calvin cycle enzymes), by adding RuBisCO & phosphoribulokinase from cyanobacteria PCC6301 and PCC7492, respectively. Anyway, these cells needed CO2 to grow (as well as a pentose C-source), so this looks to be something close to the other piece of the puzzle. I have to do my e.coli metabolism HWK, but it seems like it might be possible to fill in the other calvin cycle genes, hook up the light-driven proton pump and then grow on minimal media.
I think this project divides up nicely into the two areas outlined above (assuming those make sense, more hwk reqd). It would also provide 2 intermediate goals - i.e. get proton pump/calvin cycle working, as well as a final goal -- integrate and grow on minimal. shezam!


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CTPA recipients
Chicago, IL - The 2014 ASCO Annual Meeting - Clinical Trial Participation Award recipients at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting here today, Sunday June 1, 2014. More than 30,000 physicians, researchers, health care professionals, cancer survivors and patient advocates are expected to attend the 50th Anniversary meeting at the McCormick Convention Center. The Annual Meeting highlights the latest findings in all major areas of oncology from basic through clinical and epidemiological studies. Photo by © ASCO/Phil McCarten 2014 Technical Questions: email@example.com
From 2014 ASCO AM Public - Sunday


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⚠ Version 1.1 of The Plant List has been superseded and should no longer be used.
The new version is available at http://www.worldfloraonline.org/tpl/kew-4589975. The new version is enhanced, using more data sources including Taxonomic Expert Networks and will be more frequently updated.
This name is unresolved, but some data suggest that it is synonymous with Casearia trivalvis .
The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on ) which does not establish this name either as an accepted name or as a synonym with original publication details: Fl. Filip. 374 1837.
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This name record (from WCSP (in review)) was not included in version 1 of The Plant List. It is possible the same name was included from a different data source, to check this you can search for Samyda trivalvis in version 1 of The Plant List.


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It was with some anticipation that I approached Dana Priest's series in the Washington Post on nuclear-weapons modernization. After all, she'd won a Pulitzer prize and George Polk award for her reporting on CIA detention sites overseas and, along with William Arkin, she'd written Top Secret America, a three-part series on how immense the U.S. intelligence and classified activity system had become.
With the nuclear-weapons modernization articles, I was expecting an examination of the need for modernization and of nuclear weapons in general. Instead, Ms. Priest began the first article, Aging U.S. nuclear arsenal slated for costly and long-delayed modernization, by sounding an alarm about what she perceives as "the decrepit, neglected state of the aging nuclear weapons complex." She writes that despite this ostensible state of affairs
… officials have repeatedly put off sinking huge sums into projects that receive little public recognition, driving up the costs even further.
Now, as the nation struggles to emerge from the worst recession of the postwar era and Congress faces an end-of-year deadline to avoid $1.2 trillion in automatic cuts to the federal budget over 10 years, the Obama administration is overseeing the gargantuan task of modernizing the nuclear arsenal to keep it safe and reliable.
… Federal officials and many outside analysts are nonetheless convinced that, after years of delay, the government must invest huge sums if it is to maintain the air, sea and land nuclear triad on which the country has relied since the start of the Cold War. Failing to act before the end of next year, they say, is likely to mean that there won't be enough time to design and build the new systems that would be required if the old arsenal is no longer safe or reliable.
In a lengthy press release, Greg Mello, executive director of the Los Alamos Study Group, not only pointed out inaccuracies in Ms. Priest's work, but questioned its basic assumptions. He writes:
Contrary to the impression given by this article, there is nothing about the U.S. nuclear deterrent that is about to "wear out." The warheads and bombs in particular – the focus of this article – do not "wear out" because they undergo periodic maintenance and upgrade programs of varying intrusiveness, roughly on an as-needed basis.
The one component of the U.S. nuclear arsenal that will "wear out," and which will do so more or less on a succession of dates certain, are nuclear submarines.
The most intrusive warhead and bomb modifications are called "life extension programs" (LEPs), which are akin to a "complete factory overhaul." After each LEP, the warhead or bomb in question is generally expected to last another 30 years before another LEP is needed, although there may be exceptions.
As for the "the decrepit, neglected state of the aging nuclear weapons complex":
This is grossly inaccurate and misleading. Some buildings are new, replacing others that have been torn down. Most buildings have been properly maintained and are quite serviceable as they are. A few are being intentionally neglected ("run to failure"), sometimes because replacements are planned and sometimes because of bad decisions by senior management. Across the complex, hundreds of buildings are simply not needed, or are grossly oversized for their current missions, or have been adapted for new uses – which may or may not be important. Some buildings have been the subject of major upgrades already.
Then Mello quotes the Post:
An extended stoppage would disrupt the weapons safety work and could force the closing of domestic and foreign civilian reactors that rely on low-enriched uranium from the facility, according to the NNSA.
And responds (emphasis added):
No "weapons safety work" would be interrupted. The LEP program would be interrupted, but this should not be characterized as "weapons safety work." Nuclear weapons almost always fail toward safety, not danger. There are no weapon safety problems which the LEP program is remedying.
Finally, he addresses a spurious charge by Ms. Priest, who wrote:
For their part, many anti-nuclear activists favor disarmament by atrophy, which would mean not repairing or extending the life span of the current arsenal.
This is absurd. We know of no anti-nuclear activists who favor disarmament by atrophy. In our own case (the Los Alamos Study Group), we believe we offer practical management alternatives which will maintain the arsenal better than NNSA's program, which is failing, while at the same time our proposals position the country better for disarmament. We believe sound management and good government facilitate disarmament. Virtually all parties agree that NNSA is currently choosing and managing its projects poorly.
In other words, no urgent need to throw vast amounts of money at the U.S. nuclear-weapons industrial complex exists. One can only guess at Ms. Priest's agenda for trying to scare up the funds. In the end, Mello's critique obviates the need to even read Dana Priest's series. With the Washington Post, it seldom pays to get one's hopes up.


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Orange Wine and Tapenade
Making Christmas cakes and orange wine and wrapping, and more wrapping–getting my boxes ready to ship to family and out-of-town friends. I hope their gifts arrive before Christmas! Too much Christmas-making to write a brand new post. Orange wine is one of my favorite recipes to prepare at this time of year and I posted this same recipe last year. Try it. I guarantee, you will not be disappointed. My daughter loves orange wine and during the holidays I also make another of her favorites, which is tapenade (so easy) and the two pair beautifully. Spread a thin layer of tapenade on home-baked crostini and serve with orange wine before dinner.
1/2 cup black olives, pitted
6 anchovy fillets, cleaned, rinsed, and drained
1 1/2 tablespoons capers
1 garlic clove peeled and crushed
juice of 1 lemon
4 tablespoons olive oil (more may be needed)
freshly ground pepper
2 tablespoons fresh finely chopped basil
Place all ingredients, except for the basil, in the blender and blend on high speed for a few seconds. Push down with a spatula and add more oil if too think. Pour into a bowl and check seasonings; if too salty add 1/2 teaspoon of sugar. Add basil and cover. Will keep for approximately ten days.*
Crostini ~ Slice thinly on the diagonal best quality French or Italian bread. Drizzle with olive oil and sprinkle with kosher salt. Bake in 350 degree oven for 3-4 minutes. Flip the bread slices and drizzle a tiny bit more olive oil and salt and bake an additional 3-4 minutes. Optional, add a very slight sprinkling of freshly grated Parmigiano or Romano cheese, after flipping, and prior to baking the second time.
Orange Wine
Orange infused wine, or vin d'orange, is a warm weather Provençal aperitif, but I never remember to make it during the summer months, only during the holidays. Although, when drinking it, I like to imagine sipping orange wine from a garden somewhere (anywhere!) along the Côte-d'Azure. Vin d'orange is marvelously easy to prepare and makes a much appreciated holiday host/hostess gift.
Over the years I've experimented with the original recipe, which was, to my way of thinking, much too sweet—add more sugar if you like a sweeter aperitif. I think you will find this concoction intoxicatingly fun, light, and aromatic. I hope your family and friends enjoy as much as do mine!
12-15 Clementines thoroughly washed and cut in half
3 bottles modestly priced dry white wine
1 Cup sugar
½ Cup Courvoisier
Long strips of orange zest
In a large glass or stainless steel bowl combine the wine and Clementines, gently squeezing each half to release some of the juice. Cover tightly and refrigerate for 5 days. Save the empty wine bottles and corks; wash and remove labels. You will need a fourth empty bottle.
Remove orange infused wine from the refrigerator and squeeze any liquid remaining in the orange halves into the large bowl. Discard oranges. Add the sugar and cognac, stirring until the sugar is dissolved. Strain through a sieve lined with cheesecloth. Pour wine concoction into wine bottles. Insert a strip of the zest into each bottle and cork. Chill the wine for one week. Serve neat or over ice. The vin d'orange will keep for 6 months when chilled. Makes approximately 4 bottles.
*The tapenade recipe is based on Mirelle Johnson's classic Provençal cookbook, The Cuisine of the Sun (Random House)


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Plane tickets Katowice–Tuzla
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Sony Vaio Tap 20 review: Crazy enough to work
Mashing together tablet and desktop, the Sony Vaio Tap 20 might just be the most interesting Windows 8-launch PC.
What, you thought desktops were immune from the tabletization sweeping over Windows 8 laptops?
The Good
The Bad
The Bottom Line
You could reasonably feel skeptical about the Sony Vaio Tap 20. For a 20-inch all-in-one touch-screen desktop with no optical drive and a low-voltage Core i5 chip, $999 seems like a lot to ask. But thanks to a built-in battery and a semiportable design, the Tap 20 might be the most unique Windows 8-launch PC.
The appeal of this desktop-tablet hybrid is that it addresses a problem that has nagged all-in-one makers for years. Often pitched as a kitchen PC, a secondary home entertainment center, or some kind of family organizational kiosk, the all-in-one has always fallen short of its ambition to elevate the humble desktop PC. A tablet or a laptop can do all of those things, often at a lower price, and more conveniently due to their smaller size. Those mobile devices also don't require a power cable.
By shedding the cord, at least in 3-to-4-hour doses, Sony's new PC can offer true short-range portability. It also brings with it a larger screen than you'll find on most current mobile devices. The Vaio Tap 20 won't be for everyone, but I won't be surprised if its in-home flexibility attracts an enthusiast niche.
One key to straddling the line between desktop and tablet is finding the right display size. If the screen is too small, you might as well just make a laptop. Go too large and you hurt usability. The Tap 20 measures 19.75 inches wide, 12.13 inches high, and, at the thickest point of its tapered back panel, 1.5 inches deep. It weighs just under 11.25 pounds.
You can imagine the Tap 20 or a competing product perhaps weighing less, or having a thinner display, but overall Sony appears to have achieved a reasonable balance between desktop size and power and tablet convenience.
The display itself is covered in glass, but the body is all soft, rounded plastic, with grip-friendly indents along the left and right edges on the back panel. You most likely won't carry the Tap 20 around in a backpack or a briefcase, but the average adult should be able to move it from room to room or up and down stairs with little difficulty. And while 11 pounds is almost eight times the weight of an iPad, the Tap 20 isn't so heavy that it's uncomfortable to use in your lap for an extended period.
When you set the Tap 20 on your lap like a tablet, or lay it down flat on a coffee table, the touch screen becomes the most natural way to interact with it. For general navigation and inputting single commands, the touch screen feels as responsive as that of a typical smartphone. You might notice some physical drag on your finger in apps that require continuous contact, like air hockey or art programs. The drag isn't bad enough to spoil the entire experience, but it's annoying when you encounter it.
In desktop mode, with the stand fully extended from the back panel, the Vaio Tap 20 takes up about 7 inches of desktop real estate, front to back, and not counting the included wireless mouse and keyboard. The power cable plugs into a port on the right side of the system, and leads down to a laptop-size power brick. Anyone with an aversion to cables will welcome the small power brick, although you can imagine an opportunity for wireless charging if the battery-powered all-in-one idea takes off.
|Sony Vaio Tap 20
|Vizio CA27-A1
|HP Pavilion 23-1000z
|Display size/resolution
|20-inch, 1,600x900 pixels
|27-inch, 1,920x1,080 pixels
|23-inch, 1,920x1,080 pixels
|1.7GHz Intel Core i5-3317U
|2.5GHz Intel Core i5-3210M
|3.6GHz AMD A-6 5400K
|4GB 1,600MHz DDR3 SDRAM
|4GB 1,600MHz DDR3 SDRAM
|64MB Intel HD Graphics 4000
|1GB Nvidia Geforce GT 640M LE
|512MB AMD Radeon HD7540D
|Hard drives
|750GB, 5,400rpm
|1TB, 7,200rpm
|1TB, 7,200rpm
|Optical drive
|dual-layer DVD burner
|Gigabit Ethernet, 802.11b/g/n wireless, NFC
|Gigabit Ethernet, 802.11b/g/n wireless
|Gigabit Ethernet, 802.11b/g/n wireless
|Operating system
|Windows 8 (64-bit)
|Windows 7 Home Premium SP1 (64-bit)
|Windows 7 Home Premium (64-bit)
Looking down the Vaio Tap 20's primary features list, you'll see that Sony made some very clear sacrifices for the sake of portability and price. The 20-inch display makes sense as a way to keep the Tap 20's size and weight down, and in order to manage heat and battery life, Sony chose an ultralow-voltage 1.7GHz Intel Core i5 mobile CPU. The absence of an optical drive is conspicuous, but likely helps keep the Tap 20's thickness in check, and it's not out of keeping with other Windows 8 PCs.
The cuts for price are another issue. Among those, I count the 1,600x900-pixel-resolution display, the 750GB hard drive, and the absence of an HDMI input. Sony can reasonably argue that keeping the price under $1,000 makes the Tap 20 easier to consider as a tablet or laptop alternative. The screen also looks good enough and the hard drive is large enough that they don't present huge stumbling blocks to the Tap 20's functionality.
The absence of an HDMI input hurts. With that port, you could have connected the Sony to any video source in your home and used it as a secondary display. You can expand the Vaio's video capabilities with a USB-powered optical drive, or even a USB TV tuner, but a true HDMI input would make it far easier to connect the Sony to a cable box, a game console, or other entertainment devices, and without the hassle of a Windows installation.
It also has a dubious feature in its Near Field Communication "capability." I use the quotes because the Tap 20's NFC doesn't seem to work. I tried sending photos from an NFC-equipped Sony laptop, a Sony smartphone, and smartphones from Nokia and Samsung. I got as far as the Tap 20 making an electronic trickling noise when it recognized the existence of another NFC device. With the laptop, I also saw a pop-up window asking for permission to receive the file. That's as far as it got.
I'll grant that the NFC experience could improve with the right software update. I'd still rather have an HDMI input.
Other features include a 800p/1-megapixel Webcam, an SD card slot, a pair of USB 3.0 jacks, and analog headphone and microphone inputs. Sony also boasts a video engine from its Bravia TVs in the Tap 20. The impact on video was the same as with the
I mentioned the Tap 20's small power brick earlier. It can be small thanks in part to this PC's low-voltage variant of an Intel Core i5 mobile processor. Yes, low voltage means slower performance, and that's reflected in the Core i5's 1.7GHz core clock speed. Standard-voltage third-generation Core i5 mobile CPUs start at 2.5GHz. The lower voltage, which also reduce the speed of the embedded Intel HD Graphics 4000 graphics processor, improves the Tap 20's battery life, and also limits its heat output. Both benefits are important for the Tap 20 as a mobile device.
Despite its low-power CPU, the Tap 20 gives respectable performance running standard Windows applications. It even trades wins with the slightly more expensive Windows 7-powered Vizio CA21-A1 and its full-powered Core i5 CPU.
In a first for our desktop benchmarking regimen, we also ran our battery drain test on the Vaio Tap 20. It posted 3 hours, 42 minutes of battery life in our video-focused battery drain test, giving you plenty of time to watch a movie. Expect more time if you're just browsing around, less for 3D gaming. But since you're not meant to take the Tap 20 too far afield, chances are the power cord will be nearby if you end up needing a recharge.
Should you ever want to change the battery, Sony was smart enough to make it user-replaceable. A plastic panel on the back of the case pops off easily to reveal the battery compartment.
For its gaming capabilities, I found the Tap 20 was able to play the forgiving Torchlight II with no problems at maximum detail settings. I dialed the image quality down to low in Borderlands 2 and XCOM: Enemy Unknown, and while neither game was completely smooth, both were still reasonably playable. As noted earlier, touch gaming can be awkward for games like Air Hockey that require sustained contact with the screen due to occasional drag, but it works fine for games and other programs that rely on tap-based input.
(Shorter bars indicate better performance)
(Shorter bars indicate better performance)
(Shorter bars indicate better performance)
(Longer bars indicate better performance)
|Rendering multiple CPUs
|Rendering single CPU
I'm not sure about the level of demand for large, mobile touch-screen PCs, but a Lenovo product manager told me that his company is working on a design similar to the Vaio Tap 20. If that Lenovo product emerges, it suggests that Sony isn't the only vendor that sees some value in these hybrid desktop-tablet waters. If there is demand, one has to ask: if you can build an ultrabook with a long-lasting battery, a fast CPU, and a high-resolution screen, why not a desktop equivalent that's sleeker than Sony's design?
Which is not to say that the Vaio Tap 20 is unattractive or that its design is flawed. Sony's rounded plastic chassis practically invites you to grab it, and it's sturdy enough that you feel confident lifting it up and and moving it around. This PC is also fast enough, and generally capable enough that I can recommend the Vaio Tap 20 to those who are willing to experiment with its unique mobile possibilities.
If this concept does catch on, it's tempting to explore how it might improve. It's almost as if this battery-equipped all-in-one desktop is showing that the PC industry still has room for innovation.
Performance and battery testing conducted by Joseph Kaminski. Find out more about how we test desktop systems.
Comparison systems:
Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit (SP1); 3.6GHz AMD A-6 5400K; 4GB 1,600MHz DDR3 SDRAM; 512MB AMD Radeon HD 7540D embedded graphics chip; 1TB 7,200rpm hard drive
Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit (SP1); 2.5GHz Intel Core i5-3210M; 4GB 1,333MHz DDR3 SDRAM; 1GB Nvidia GeForce GT 640M LE graphics card; 1TB 7,200rpm hard drive
Sony Vaio Tap 20
Microsoft Windows 8 64-bit; 1.7GHz Intel Core i5-3317U; 4GB 1,600MHz DDR3 SDRAM; Intel HD Graphics 4000 embedded graphics chip; 750GB 5,400rpm hard drive


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North Phoenix Auto Glass – What Should I know?
Simply put, this is glass that you would find in an automobile. Not too many know that in North Phoenix there are two major forms of auto glass. Each one is used on certain windows in the automobile. Both types of auto glass are more impact resistant and stronger than regular glass.
What Are the Different Kinds Of Windshield Replacement North Phoenix Services that are Available?
Laminated safety glass-this glass is generally used on a car's windshield. It is comprised of a couple of pieces of glass that has a slim layer of vinyl. The glass is then heated and pressed together in an autoclave, which is a type of oven. When this glass receives a tough impact it will shatter also but usually the shattered pieces will stick to the vinyl and not fall on the ground.
If the windshield just has a tiny vein or nick, the auto glass professional may be able to repair the tiny vein or nick to keep it from spreading further. The repair will generally take fewer than thirty minutes in North Phoenix. The vein or nick is cleaned thoroughly and dried. Resin is injected and a material like Mylar is used to hold it in place. The professional cures the resin by using an ultraviolet light.


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Regulatory Compliance -- Pay Now Or Pay Later
In chickens-coming-home-to-roost news, there were a few developments and announcements this past week that should convince bankers that investing in compliance and risk management capabilities can't be avoided – in fact, the longer you hope these requirements will go away, the bigger the bill (monetarily and psychically) is likely to be when you inevitably have to make those investments.
[Risk Management Must Be Priority For All Banks, Not Just The Biggest]
The Wall Street Journal reports today that J.P. Morgan Chase will "spend an additional $4 billion and commit 5,000 extra employees this year to clean up its risk and compliance problems." This is in the wake of the bank's London Whale trading debacle and increased regulatory scrutiny (including four separate regulatory enforcement actions). Citing unnamed "people close to the bank," the article notes:
As part of a companywide effort, the bank is spending an additional $1.5 billion on managing risk and complying with regulations, including a 30% increase in risk-control staffing, these people said. In addition, it expects to add $2.5 billion to its litigation reserves in the second half of the year, these people said.
The spending will be on systems, staffing and legal fees. According to the Wall Street Journal:
The biggest chunk of the additional "controls-related expenses" stems from new staffing. This week J.P. Morgan reported it would add 3,000 people to the bank's control staff to work on legal and regulatory matters. An additional 2,000 employees have been assigned to the effort inside their business units. That brings the total control staff to roughly 15,000, up from about 8,000 last year. J.P. Morgan employs more than 250,000 world-wide. J.P. Morgan also has provided 750,000 hours of training on regulatory and control issues. The bank hired consultants from McKinsey & Co., Ernst & Young and other firms. J.P. Morgan already has disclosed that it spent $1 billion to add to legal reserves in the first half of the year and will spend at least $1.5 billion in the third quarter. The bank is likely to add about $1 billion to reserves in the fourth quarter, according to people close to the bank.
The Wall Street Journal also quotes CEO Jamie Dimon: "Fixing our controls issues is job No. 1. This is a huge investment of people, time and money … but it will make us stronger in the long run."
Umm … you're just figuring this out now? How bad do things have to get for bankers to understand that investments in risk management and regulatory compliance need to be made, need to be made as early as possible, and are actually strategic (versus "cost of doing business") because they put you ahead of the curve, help you avoid a complex and embarrassing reactive approach, and can actually provide opportunities to leverage those investments to advance market, growth and competitive strategies?
I've said many times that financial services regulation isn't going away -- resistance definitely is futile, as J.P. Morgan is now acknowledging. Suck it up, embrace the challenge, and move forward.
That's a lesson stock exchanges and trading firms would be well advised to heed, as there are new calls for improved technology to stave off future computer-related trading problems. On Thursday SEC chair Mary Jo White met with exchange executives to review recent outages and "glitches." She's asking for investments in so-called "kill switches" and other technologies intended to provide systems back-up. According to a New York Times report on the meeting, "Ms. White asked the exchanges ... to make the switches uniformly available, and to propose new rules that would force trading firms to use them, people at the meeting said."
Whether or not this would be enough to prevent future trading mishaps appears to be a subject of some debate -- which raises a bigger issue of compliance and commitment to change on the part of all the key entities (exchanges, regulators, traders, investment banks). Meetings and proposals come and go, and then it's back to business as usual for financial services firms. Sooner or later, however, the proverbial "big one" -- whether it's an historic hurricane, a huge trading loss or a systems meltdown -- occurs, and companies are forced to make changes and investments that could have been addressed earlier in a more collaborative and less-costly manner.
[Check out this session: IT Is Your Business, Run It Like One at Interop, which runs from September 30 through October 4 in NYC.]
Katherine Burger is Editorial Director of Bank Systems & Technology and Insurance & Technology, members of UBM TechWeb's InformationWeek Financial Services. She assumed leadership of Bank Systems & Technology in 2003 and of Insurance & Technology in 1991. In addition to ... View Full Bio


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NEW YORK – The outcome of the Italian elections should send a clear message to Europe's leaders: the austerity policies that they have pursued are being rejected by voters.
While Europe's leaders shy away from the word, the reality is that much of the European Union is in depression. The loss of output in Italy since the beginning of the crisis is as great as it was in the 1930's. Greece's youth unemployment rate now exceeds 60%, and Spain's is above 50%. With the destruction of human capital, Europe's social fabric is tearing, and its future is being thrown into jeopardy.
The economy's doctors say that the patient must stay the course. Political leaders who suggest otherwise are labeled as populists. The reality, though, is that the cure is not working, and there is no hope that it will – that is, without being worse than the disease. Indeed, it will take a decade or more to recover the losses incurred in this austerity process.
In short, it is neither populism nor shortsightedness that has led citizens to reject the policies that have been imposed on them. It is an understanding that these policies are deeply misguided.
Europe's talents and resources – its physical, human, and natural capital – are the same today as they were before the crisis began. The problem is that the prescriptions being imposed are leading to massive underutilization of these resources. Whatever Europe's problem, a response that entails waste on this scale cannot be the solution.
The simplistic diagnosis of Europe's woes – that the crisis countries were living beyond their means – is clearly at least partly wrong. Spain and Ireland had fiscal surpluses and low debt/GDP ratios before the crisis. If Greece were the only problem, Europe could have handled it easily.
An alternative set of well-discussed policies could work. Europe needs greater fiscal federalism, not just centralized oversight of national budgets. To be sure, Europe may not need the two-to-one ratio of federal to state spending found in the United States; but it clearly needs far more European-level expenditure, unlike the current miniscule EU budget (whittled down further by austerity advocates).
A banking union, too, is needed. But it needs to be a real union, with common deposit insurance and common resolution procedures, as well as common supervision. There will also have to be Eurobonds, or an equivalent instrument.
European leaders recognize that, without growth, debt burdens will continue to grow, and that austerity by itself is an anti-growth strategy. Yet years have gone by, and no growth strategy is on the table, though its components are well known: policies that address Europe's internal imbalances and Germany's huge external surplus, which now is on par with China's (and more than twice as high relative to GDP). Concretely, that means wage increases in Germany and industrial policies that promote exports and productivity in Europe's peripheral economies.
What will not work, at least for most eurozone countries, is internal devaluation – that is, forcing down wages and prices – as this would increase the debt burden for households, firms, and governments (which overwhelmingly hold euro-denominated debts). And, with adjustments in different sectors occurring at different speeds, deflation would fuel massive distortions in the economy.
If internal devaluation were the solution, the gold standard would not have been a problem in the Great Depression. Internal devaluation, combined with austerity and the single-market principle (which facilitates capital flight and the hemorrhaging of banking systems) is a toxic combination.
The European project was, and is, a great political idea. It has the potential to promote both prosperity and peace. But, rather than enhancing solidarity within Europe, it is sowing seeds of discord within and between countries.
Europe's leaders repeatedly vow to do everything necessary to save the euro. European Central Bank President Mario Draghi's promise to do "whatever it takes" has succeeded in providing a temporary calm. But Germany has consistently rejected every policy that would provide a long-term solution. The Germans, it seems, will do everything except what is needed.
Of course, the Germans have reluctantly come to accept the necessity of a banking union that includes common deposit insurance. But the pace with which they accede to such reforms is out of kilter with the markets. Banking systems in several countries are already on life support. How many more will be in intensive care before a banking union becomes a reality?
Yes, Europe needs structural reform, as austerity advocates insist. But it is structural reform of the eurozone's institutional arrangements, not reforms within individual countries, that will have the greatest impact. Unless Europe is willing to make those reforms, it may have to let the euro die to save itself.
The EU's Economic and Monetary Union was a means to an end, not an end in itself. The European electorate seems to have recognized that, under current arrangements, the euro is undermining the very purposes for which it was supposedly created. That is the simple truth that Europe's leaders have yet to grasp.
Joseph E. Stiglitz, a Nobel laureate in economics and University Professor at Columbia University, was Chairman of President Bill Clinton's Council of Economic Advisers and served as Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank. His most recent book is The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers our Future.


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LOS ANGELES, CA – Suzanne Somers has recently come forward with the experimental hormone program which will give her eternal life.
On Thursday's Oprah program, Somers revealed just a brief portion of the regimen which is expected to lock her in her physical shell forever. Allowing cameras into her home, she told viewers about her daily regimen of sixty pills and eight vaginal injections.
Specialists at the Berkeley Aging Center developed the procedure to help reduce aging, but found it was so effective it could stop aging entirely. Doctors agree that so long as she maintains the regimen, the Three's Company star should be able to defy nature and live forever.
The key is the eight injections she must give herself every day. While the pills keep her skin and hair looking healthy, it is the inter-vaginal injections that keep her metabolic process going.
When asked about the process Mrs. Somers said "It hurts,… a lot. But that's the price you pay!"
Should Mrs. Somers ever wish for the release of death, she would simply have to stop the program and nature would be allowed to run its course. However, the inventor of the Thighmaster says she has big plans for the future, like opening a new theme restaurant.
Despite the reward of eternal life, no other interest in the treatment has been expressed, presumably due to the mandatory injections.


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The Multi-Point Inspection Form: Helps keep your Subaru in check.
Your Express Service Representative can review this easy-to-understand checklist with you after your service is complete. The Multi-Point Inspection form lets you know how your Subaru and its key systems are performing after you visit our Service Center.
At Subaru of Georgetown, we'll take care of minor maintenance services – including the service intervals found in your Warranty & Maintenance Booklet – through Subaru Express Service. These include:
- Engine Air Filter Replacement
- Battery Service & Replacement
- Cabin Air Filter Replacement
- Tire Pressure Adjustment
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- Tire Tread Depth/Condition Check
- Light Bulb Replacement
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Need something else?
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- Monday 07:30am - 06:00pm
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Not only do we provide expert Subaru care, we are proud to offer these added benefits that make us different than the rest:
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Subaru of Georgetown
Georgetown, TX 78626
- Sales: (512) 930-2111


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Archangelstudios.net is a 7 years old domain, situated in United States of America. The domain is linked to the IP address 126.96.36.199 which is provided by the hosting company The Endurance International Group, Inc..
Registration details show that it was registered on 09 Jan 2016 through domain.com, llc and will expire on 09 Jan 2017.
The site returns a status code of 200. The site is being served through Apache.
Domain Name: ARCHANGELSTUDIOS.NET Registrar: DOMAIN.COM, LLC Sponsoring Registrar IANA ID: 886 Whois Server: whois.domain.com Referral URL: Name Server: NS1.DOMAIN.COM Name Server: NS2.DOMAIN.COM Status: clientTransferProhibited Status: clientUpdateProhibited Updated Date: 11-jan-2016 Creation Date: 09-jan-2016 Expiration Date: 09-jan-2017


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Holy Trinity
|This article forms part of the series
Introduction to
Orthodox Christianity
|Holy Tradition
|Holy Scripture
The Symbol of Faith
Ecumenical Councils
Church Fathers
|The Holy Trinity
|God the Father
Jesus Christ
The Holy Spirit
|The Church
Holy Mysteries
Church Life
|Edit this box
Orthodox Christians worship the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—the Holy Trinity, the one God. Following the Holy Scriptures and the Church Fathers, the Church believes that the Trinity is three divine persons (hypostases) who share one essence (ousia). It is paradoxical to believe thus, but that is how God has revealed himself. All three persons are consubstantial with each other, that is, they are of one essence (homoousios) and coeternal. There never was a time when any of the persons of the Trinity did not exist. God is beyond and before time and yet acts within time, moving and speaking within history.
God is not an impersonal essence or mere "higher power," but rather each of the divine persons relates to mankind personally. Neither is God a simple name for three gods (i.e., polytheism), but rather the Orthodox faith is monotheist and yet Trinitarian. The God of the Orthodox Christian Church is the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the I AM who revealed himself to Moses in the burning bush.
The source and unity of the Holy Trinity is the Father, from whom the Son is begotten and also from whom the Spirit proceeds. Thus, the Father is both the ground of unity of the Trinity and also of distinction. To try to comprehend unbegottenness (Father), begottenness (Son), or procession (Holy Spirit) leads to insanity, says the holy Gregory the Theologian, and so the Church approaches God in divine mystery, approaching God apophatically, being content to encounter God personally and yet realize the inadequacy of the human mind to comprehend Him.
The primary statement of what the Church believes about God is to be found in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed.


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F00057787-102Regular price $59.00 Sale price $36.00 39% OFF
Material: Polyester / Elastane
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For returns please head over to our returns page for more information.
Returns are easy! Once we receive your item(s) we usually process your return within 5 -7 days. Returns are all done online quick and easy! You can return your item(s) via our returns portal here.
Once you receive your item(s), you have 28 days from the date you've receive them to return it. For hygiene reasons, we do not accept returns on cosmetics, swimwear, jewellery and lingerie if the tags, seals are detached or broken.
For more information on our return policy head over to our returns page or our returns FAQ page.
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Class Central Tips
The purpose of this course is to review the material covered in the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam to enable the student to pass it. It will be presented in modules corresponding to the FE topics, particularly those in Civil and Mechanical Engineering. Each module will review main concepts, illustrate them with examples, and provide extensive practice problems.


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Orbitz makes it easy to find the best Peak 9 hotel deals for your trip. With an outstanding selection, easy-to-use search tools and descriptive hotel profiles, you'll find Peak 9 hotel deals in a wink..
Whether you're searching for hotels in Peak 9 on business, or hunting for a family getaway, Peak 9 hotel options are only a click away. Find hotels in Peak 9 with the location, star-rating and facilities you need. Narrow your search results even further by star rating, hotel chain and amenities, such as free parking, babysitting services, or fitness centers. And with area maps, you can view Peak 9 hotels close you are to the airport and nearby attractions.
Thanks to photos and virtual tours, you can look before you book your Peak 9 hotel reservation. Check out Peak 9 hotel properties using interactive tools which allow you view hotel rooms, common areas and key features. On Orbitz, you can also learn more about hotels in Peak 9 with unbiased reviews from verified Peak 9 hotel guests. We ask guests to offer candid feedback on services, comfort, location, value and amenities.
Orbitz works around the clock to find exclusive offers and Peak 9 hotel deals, just for you. Sign up for deals by e-mail where you'll get first crack at money-saving extras like promo codes, resort credits, free nights and more. You can also "Like" Orbitz on Facebook and follow us on Twitter to receive up-to-the-minute news on hotel discounts, giveaways and more.
When it comes to finding hotels in Peak 9, an Orbitz specialist can help you find the property right for you. Chat live or call 1-800-454-3743 any time for help booking your hotels in Peak 9. Our team of experts can help you pinpoint Peak 9 hotels options suited to your tastes and budget.
On Orbitz, Peak 9 hotel deals mean flexibility. If you need to change your Peak 9 hotel reservations, or cancel your stay, Orbitz doesn't charge cancel or change fees. Orbitz also offers great selection on airline tickets, vacation packages, and car rental deals to so you can plan your trip to Peak 9 all in one place.
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|Beaver Run Resort & Conference Center, Village at Breckenridge Resort, Grand Timber Lodge, Gravity Haus, DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Breckenridge, Marriott's Mountain Valley Lodge at Breckenridge, Tamarisk Slalom Condo: Walk To The Slopes/Town, The Residences at Main Street Station, Breckenridge, Ski-in/Ski-out. 9 Hot Tubs + Pools | Breck Studio
Enjoy a trip to Beaver Run SuperChair and popular activities like skiing in Breckenridge. Wander the lakeside or discover the area's mountain views.
Enjoy a trip to Quicksilver SuperChair and popular activities like skiing in Breckenridge. Amble around the area's lakeside or seek out the snowboarding.
Enjoy a trip to Peak 8 SuperConnect Lift and popular activities like skiing in Breckenridge. Stroll along the area's lakeside, or simply savor its lively breweries.


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For the protection of our customers, Apple does not disclose, discuss, or confirm security issues until a full investigation has occurred and any necessary patches or releases are available. To learn more about Apple Product Security, see the Apple Product Security website.
For information about the Apple Product Security PGP Key, see "How to use the Apple Product Security PGP Key."
Where possible, CVE IDs are used to reference the vulnerabilities for further information.
To learn about other Security Updates, see "Apple Security Updates".
iOS 7.0.6
Data Security
Available for: iPhone 4 and later, iPod touch (5th generation), iPad 2 and later
Impact: An attacker with a privileged network position may capture or modify data in sessions protected by SSL/TLS
Description: Secure Transport failed to validate the authenticity of the connection. This issue was addressed by restoring missing validation steps.