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Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. Honor your father and mother (which is the first commandment with promise), that it may be well with you, and you may live long on the earth.
As a man in forming a body, places the head first, after that the neck, then the feet, so does the blessed Paul proceed in his discourse. He has spoken of the husband, he has spoken of the wife, who is second in authority, he now goes on by gradual advances to the third rank — which is that of children. For the husband has authority over the wife, and the husband and the wife over the children. Now then mark what he is saying.
Children, obey your parents in the Lord; for this is the first commandment with promise.
Here he has not a word of discourse concerning Christ, not a word on high subjects, for he is as yet addressing his discourse to tender understandings. And it is for this reason, moreover, that he makes his exhortation short, inasmuch as children cannot follow up a long argument. For this reason also he does not discourse at all about a kingdom, (because it does not belong to the tender age of childhood to understand these subjects,) but what a child's soul most especially longs to hear, that he says, namely, that it shall
live long. For if any one shall enquire why it is that he omitted to discourse concerning a kingdom, but set before them the commandment laid down in the law, he does this because he speaks to them as infantile, and because he is well aware that if the husband and the wife are thus disposed according to the law which he has laid down, there will be but little trouble in securing the submission of the children. For whenever any matter has a good and sound and orderly principle and foundation, everything will thenceforward go on with method and regularity, with much facility: the more difficult thing is to settle the foundation, to lay down a firm basis.
Children, says he,
obey your parents in the Lord, that is, according to the Lord. This, he means to say, is what God commands you. But what then if they shall command foolish things? Generally a father, however foolish he may be himself, does not command foolish things. However, even in that case, the Apostle has guarded the matter, by saying,
in the Lord; that is, wherever you will not be offending against God. So that if the father be a gentile or a heretic, we ought no longer to obey, because the command is not then,
in the Lord. But how is it that he says,
Which is the first commandment? For the first is,
You shall not commit adultery — You shall not kill. He does not speak of it then as first in rank, but in respect of the promise. For upon those others there is no reward annexed, as being enacted with reference to evil things, and to departure from evil things. Whereas in these others, where there is the practice of good, there is further a promise held out. And observe how admirable a foundation he has laid for the path of virtue, that is, honor and reverence towards parents. When he would lead us away from wicked practices, and is just about to enter upon virtuous ones, this is the first thing he enjoins, honor towards parents; inasmuch as they before all others are, after God, the authors of our being, so that it is reasonable they should be the first to reap the fruits of our right actions; and then all the rest of mankind. For if a man have not this honor for parents he will never be gentle toward those unconnected with him.
However, having given the necessary injunctions to children, he passes to the fathers, and says,
Ver. 4.
And ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath; but nurture them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord.
He does not say,
love them, because to this nature draws them even against their own will, and it were superfluous to lay down a law on such subjects. But what does he say?
Provoke not your children to wrath, as many do by disinheriting them, and disowning them, and treating them overbearingly, not as free, but as slaves. This is why he says,
Provoke not your children to wrath. Then, which is the chief thing of all, he shows how they will be led to obedience, referring the whole source of it to the head and chief authority. And in the same way as he has shown the husband to be the cause of the wife's obedience, (which is the reason also why he addresses the greater part of his arguments to him, advising him to attach her to himself by the power of love,) so, I say, here also, he refers the efficiency to him, by saying,
But bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord. You see that where there are spiritual ties, the natural ties will follow. Do you wish your son to be obedient? From the very first
Bring him up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord. Never deem it an unnecessary thing that he should be a diligent hearer of the divine Scriptures. For there the first thing he hears will be this,
Honor your father and your mother; so that this makes for you. Never say, this is the business of monks. Am I making a monk of him? No. There is no need he should become a monk. Why be so afraid of a thing so replete with so much advantage? Make him a Christian. For it is of all things necessary for laymen to be acquainted with the lessons derived from this source; but especially for children. For theirs is an age full of folly; and to this folly are superadded the bad examples derived from the heathen tales, where they are made acquainted with those heroes so admired among them, slaves of their passions, and cowards with regard to death; as, for example, Achilles, when he relents, when he dies for his concubine, when another gets drunk, and many other things of the sort. He requires therefore the remedies against these things. How is it not absurd to send children out to trades, and to school, and to do all you can for these objects, and yet, not to
bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord? And for this reason truly we are the first to reap the fruits, because we bring up our children to be insolent and profligate, disobedient, and mere vulgar fellows. Let us not then do this; no, let us listen to this blessed Apostle's admonition.
Let us bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord. Let us give them a pattern. Let us make them from the earliest age apply themselves to the reading of the Scriptures. Alas, that so constantly as I repeat this, I am looked upon as trifling! Still, I shall not cease to do my duty. Why, tell me, do ye not imitate them of old? You women, especially, emulate those admirable women. Has a child been born to any one? Imitate Hannah's example 1 Samuel 1:24; look at what she did. She brought him up at once to the temple. Who among you would not rather that his son should become a Samuel than that he should be king of the whole world ten thousand times over?
And how, you will say,
is it possible he should become such a one? Why is it not possible? It is because thou dost not choose it yourself, nor committest him to the care of those who are able to make him such a one.
And who, it will be said,
is such a one as this? God. Since she put him into the hands of God. For not even Eli himself was one of those in any great degree qualified to form him; (how could he be, he who was not able to form even his own children?) No, it was the faith of the mother and her earnest zeal that wrought the whole. He was her first child, and her only one, and she knew not whether she should ever have others besides. Yet she did not say,
I will wait till the child is grown up, that he may have a taste of the things of this life, I will allow him to have his pastime in them a little in his childish years. No, all these thoughts the woman repudiated, she was absorbed in one object, how from the very beginning she might dedicate the spiritual image to God. Well may we men be put to the blush at the wisdom of this woman. She offered him up to God, and there she left him. And therefore was her married state more glorious, in that she had made spiritual objects her first care, in that she dedicated the first-fruits to God. Therefore was her womb fruitful, and she obtained other children besides. And therefore she saw him honorable even in the world. For if men when they are honored, render honor in return, will not God much more, He who does this, even without being honored? How long are we to be mere lumps of flesh? How long are we to be stooping to the earth? Let everything be secondary with us to the provident care we should take of our children, and to our
bringing them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord. If from the very first he is taught to be a lover of true wisdom, then wealth greater than all wealth has he acquired and a more imposing name. You will effect nothing so great by teaching him an art, and giving him that outward learning by which he will gain riches, as if you teach him the art of despising riches. If you desire to make him rich, do this. For the rich man is not he who desires great riches, and is encircled with great riches; but the man who has need of nothing. Discipline your son in this, teach him this. This is the greatest riches. Seek not how to give him reputation and high character in outward learning, but consider deeply how you shall teach him to despise the glory that belongs to this present life. By this means would he become more distinguished and more truly glorious. This it is possible for the poor man and the rich man alike to accomplish. These are lessons which a man does not learn from a master, nor by art, but by means of the divine oracles. Seek not how he shall enjoy a long life here, but how he shall enjoy a boundless and endless life hereafter. Give him the great things, not the little things. Hear what Paul says,
Bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord; study not to make him an orator, but train him up to be a philosopher. In the want of the one there will be no harm whatever; in the absence of the other, all the rhetoric in the world will be of no advantage. Tempers are wanted, not talking; character, not cleverness; deeds, not words. These gain a man the kingdom. These confer what are benefits indeed. Whet not his tongue, but cleanse his soul. I do not say this to prevent your teaching him these things, but to prevent your attending to them exclusively. Do not imagine that the monk alone stands in need of these lessons from Scripture. Of all others, the children just about to enter into the world specially need them. For just in the same way as the man who is always at anchor in harbor, is not the man who requires his ship to be fitted out and who needs a pilot and a crew, but he who is always out at sea; so is it with the man of the world and the monk. The one is entered as it were into a waveless harbor, and lives an untroubled life, and far removed from every storm; while the other is ever on the ocean, and lives out at sea in the very midst of the ocean, battling with billows without number.
And though he may not need it himself, still he ought to be so prepared as to stop the mouths of others. Thus the more distinguished he is in the present life, so much the more he stands in need of this education. If he passes his life in courts, there are many Heathens, and philosophers, and persons puffed up with the glory of this life. It is like a place full of dropsical people. Such in some sort is the court. All are, as it were, puffed up, and in a state of inflammation. And they who are not so are studying to become so. Now then reflect how vast a benefit it is, that your son on entering there, should enter like an excellent physician, furnished with instruments which may allay every one's peculiar inflammation, and should go up to every one, and converse with him, and restore the diseased body to health, applying the remedies derived from the Scriptures, and pouring forth discourses of the true philosophy. For with whom is the recluse to converse? With his wall and his ceiling? Yea, or again with the wilderness and the woods? Or with the birds and the trees? He therefore has not so great need of this sort of discipline. Still, however, he makes it his business to perfect this work, not so much with a view of disciplining others as himself. There is then every need of much discipline of this sort to those that are to mix in the present world, because such an one has a stronger temptation to sin than the other. And if you have a mind to understand it, he will further be a more useful person even in the world itself. For all will have a reverence for him from these words, when they see him in the fire without being burnt, and not desirous of power. But power he will then obtain, when he least desires it, and will be a still higher object of respect to the king; for it is not possible that such a character should be hid. Amongst a number of healthy persons, indeed, a healthy man will not be noticed; but when there is one healthy man among a number of sick, the report will quickly spread and reach the king's ears, and he will make him ruler over many nations. Knowing then these things,
bring up your children in the chastening and admonition of the Lord.
But suppose a man is poor. Still he will be in no wise more insignificant than the man who lives in kings' courts, because he is not in kings' courts; no, he will be held in admiration, and will soon gain that authority which is yielded voluntarily, and not by any compulsion. For if a set of Greeks, men worthless as they are, and dogs, by taking up that worthless philosophy of theirs, (for such the Grecian philosophy is,) or rather not itself but only its mere name, and wearing the threadbare cloak, and letting their hair grow, impress many; how much more will he who is a true philosopher? If a false appearance, if a mere shadow of philosophy at first sight so catches us, what if we should love the true and pure philosophy? Will not all court it, and entrust both houses, and wives, and children, with full confidence to such men? But there is not, no, there is not such a philosopher existing now. And therefore, it is not possible to find an example of the sort. Amongst recluses, indeed, there are such, but among people in the world no longer. And that among recluses there are such, it would be possible to adduce a number of instances. However, I will mention one out of many. You know, doubtless, and have heard of, and some, perhaps, have also seen, the man whom I am now about to mention. I mean, the admirable Julian. This man was a rustic, in humble life, and of humble parentage, and totally uninstructed in all outward accomplishments, but full of unadorned wisdom. When he came into the cities, (and this was but rarely,) never did such a concourse take place, not when orators, or sophists, or any one else rode in. But what am I saying? Is not his very name more glorious than that of any king's, and celebrated even to this day? And if these things were in this world, in the world in which the Lord promised us no one good thing, in which He has told us we are strangers, let us consider how great will be the blessings laid up for us in the heavens. If, where they were sojourners they enjoyed so great honor, how great glory shall they enjoy where their own city is! If, where He promised tribulation, they meet with such attentive care, then where He promises true honors, how great shall be their rest!
And now would you have me exhibit examples of secular men? At present, indeed, we have none; still there are perhaps even secular men who are excellent, though not arrived at the highest philosophy. I shall therefore quote you examples from the saints of the ancient times. How many, who had wives to keep and children to bring up, were inferior in no respect, no, in no respect to those who have been mentioned? Now, however, it is no longer so,
by reason of the present distress 1 Corinthians 7:26, as this blessed Apostle says. Now then whom would you have me mention? Noah, or Abraham? The son of the one or of the other? Or again, Joseph? Or would you have me go to the Prophets? Moses I mean, or Isaiah? However, if you will, let us carry our discourse to Abraham, whom all are continually bringing forward to us above all others. Had he not a wife? Had he not children? Yes, for I too use the same language to you, as you do to me. He had a wife, but it was not because he had a wife that he was so remarkable. He had riches, but it was not because he had riches that he pleased God. He begot children, but it was not because he begot children that he was pronounced blessed. He had three hundred and eighteen servants born in his house, but it was not on this account that he was accounted wonderful. But would you know why it was? It was for his hospitality, for his contempt of riches, for his chastened conduct. For what, tell me, is the duty of a philosopher? Is it not to despise both riches and glory? Is it not to be above both envy and every other passion? Come now then, let us bring him forward and strip him, and show you what a philosopher he was. First of all, he esteemed his fatherland as nothing. God said,
Get you out of your country, and from your kindred Genesis 12:1, and immediately he went forth. He was not bound to his house, (or surely he would never have gone forth,) nor to his love of familiar friends, nor to anything else whatever. But what? glory and money he despised above all others. For when he had put an end to war by turning the enemy to flight, and was requested to take the spoil, he rejected it. Genesis 14:21-23
Again, the son of this great man was reverenced, not because of his riches, but for his hospitality: not because of his children, but for his obedience: not because of his wife, but for the barrenness inflicted on his wife. Genesis 25:21
They looked upon the present life as nothing, they followed not after gain, they despised all things. Tell me, which sort of plants are the best? Are not those which have their strength from themselves and are injured neither by rains, nor by hailstorms, nor by gusts of wind, nor by any other vicissitude of the sort, but stand naked in defiance of them all, and needing neither wall nor fence to protect them? Such is the true philosopher, such is that wealth of which we spoke. He has nothing, and has all things: he has all things, and has nothing. For a fence is not within, but only without; a wall is not a thing of nature, but only built round from without. And what again, I ask, what sort of body is a strong one? Is it not that which is in health, and which is overcome neither by hunger nor repletion, nor by cold, nor by heat; or is it that which in view of all these things, needs both caterers, and weavers, and hunters, and physicians, to give it health? He is the rich man, the true philosopher, who needs none of these things. For this cause it was that this blessed Apostle said,
Bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord. Surround them not with outward defenses. For such is wealth, such is glory; for when these fall, and they do fall, the plant stands naked and defenseless, not only having derived no profit from them during the time past, but even injury. For those very shelters that prevented its being inured to the attacks of the winds, will now have prepared it for perishing all at once. And so wealth is injurious rather, because it renders us undisciplined for the vicissitudes of life. Let us therefore train up our children to be such, that they shall be able to bear up against every trial, and not be surprised at what may come upon them;
let us bring them up in the chastening and admonition of the Lord. And great will be the reward which will be thus laid up in store for us. For if men for making statues and painting portraits of kings enjoy so great honor, shall not we who adorn the image of the King of kings, (for man is the image of God,) receive ten thousand blessings, if we effect a true likeness? For the likeness is in this, in the virtue of the soul, when we train our children to be good, to be meek, to be forgiving, (because all these are attributes of God,) to be beneficent, to be humane; when we train them to regard the present world as nothing. Let this then be our task, to mold and to direct both ourselves and them according to what is right. Otherwise with what sort of boldness shall we stand before the judgment-seat of Christ? If a man who has unruly children is unworthy to be a Bishop Titus 1:6, much more is he unworthy of the kingdom of Heaven. What do you say? If we have an unruly wife, or unruly children, shall we have to render account? Yes, we shall, if we do not with exactness bring in that which is due from ourselves; for our own individual virtue is not enough in order to salvation. If the man who laid aside the one talent gained nothing, but was punished even in such a manner, it is plain that one's own individual virtue is not enough in order to salvation, but there is need of that of another also. Let us therefore entertain great solicitude for our wives, and take great care of our children, and of our servants, and of ourselves. And in our government both of ourselves and of them, let us beseech God that He aid us in the work. If He shall see us interested in this work, and solicitous about it, He will aid us; but if He shall see us paying no regard to it, He will not give us His hand. For He does not vouchsafe us His assistance when we sleep, but when we labor also ourselves. For a helper, (as the name implies,) is not a helper of one that is inactive, but of one who works also himself. But the good God is able of Himself to bring the work to perfection, that we may be all counted worthy to attain to the blessings promised us, through the grace and compassions of His only begotten Son, with Whom together with the Holy Ghost be unto the Father, glory, might, and honor, now and ever, and throughout all ages. Amen.
Source. Translated by Gross Alexander. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, Vol. 13. Edited by Philip Schaff. (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1889.) Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. <http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/230121.htm>.
Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is feedback732 at newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.


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Always positively pure…
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There Is No More!
Upcycled scrunchie
- Regular price
- Regular price
- Sale price
- Unit price
- per
THE UPCYCLED ITEM: dress
COLOUR: black, pink, white
-Width: 7 cm / 2.5 in
All of our accessories are eco-friendly, 100% handmade from recycled clothes, with love and respect for the environment according to sustainable and zero waste philosophy. Unless told differently - always available only in one single copy - THERE IS NO MORE scruchnie like this! With its original textile, you can create a truly chic, classy style and simply stand out. Perfect for everyday use as well as for special events. There Is No More (waste) it's all of us and our little important decisions. We believe that every day we can make the right decision, and their common strength is a drop that drills the rock - in There Is No More we prove that fashion can be sustainable and responsible as well.
Why you should choose There Is No More accessories?
- sustainable, environmentally friendly item: we respect already existing items and giving them a new functionality,
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Is there no dedicated forum for the Analog Player?? I can't seem to find one anyway.
2) I would like to use the Arturia player software and keyboard on my Mac at the same time I'm using another keyboard and software, but I don't see anywhere that I can adjust the MIDI channel - neither on the keyboard nor software. Is this possible?
3) I can use a different controller keyboard with the AP software, if it is able to receive on different MIDI channels. Please tell me that is so.


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5 Types of Women's Underwear That Men Love
Underwear can say a lot about a woman. It's something that men are obsessed with, to the point that, a mere glimpse of a thong waistband causes us to go into shock. On the surface we find them sexy, revealing. We're able to see who a woman actually is—or maybe some guys are just plain horny. However, the way we think of it is that underwear is a look into the soul of a woman. It's a chance to express who we are and how we are feeling that day. Are we feeling sexy? Tired? Safe? Risky? It's almost as if no matter what happens during the day, good or bad, it's okay because no one has any clue as to how we are really feeling.
So go wild, we say. Explore your adventurous and kinky sides and slip on a pair that suits your mood but be forewarned that as long as there are women wearing underwear there will be men wondering just what kind lies beneath the jeans. Then again, we do feel women find that part enticing. Here are our personal favorites.
The classic jaw dropper in grade school. While the banality of class and education was occurring before their a young man's very eyes, their attention was elsewhere, never truly at what was going on near the chalkboard. They were glued down to the desk in front, should they have been lucky enough to be sitting behind a girl. And even beyond high school we feel that most men get a sense of nostalgia when God grants them a peek of a thong. Now there's something to pray about on Sundays. So why do we love them? Isn't it obvious? The thong has the perfect shape for enticing us guys, leaving a little to the imagination but a lot to the visual.
Named for the similar looks of men's boxer briefs or trunks, the boyshort is an incredibly seductive look. Playful, sexy, and comfortable—from what I'm told. Girls love wearing them and guys love seeing them. It's almost as if the girls are saying they're good enough to play with the boys but still can be sexy. Just because they're covered doesn't necessarily mean that can't wow you in the bedroom. Keep 'em coming, we say!
If thongs are jaw droppers then G-strings will cause most men to faint. With the one piece of lace covering the Promised Land, men's eyes and privates tend to go wild with fantasy. The thong leaves a little to the imagination, but the g-string shows you what you're getting… with a little bit of work involved.
No Panties
No teasing necessary, she's a no-nonsense girl. Or I haven't done a wash yet and have no clean clothes. Either way it's okay by us ladies. Anyway, by the time you've noticed us noticing we've already taken a pretty good mental snapshot. The appeal of the no panty look is the supposed friskiness behind it. We think that if we see a girl wearing nothing beneath her jeans it should lead to a good time later on. Now, whether of not this is true might depend on the situation. But either way we thank you!
Good God! There is only one word in the English language that can describe granny panties… S-E-X-Y! We love them, seriously. That thick, thick layer of cloth covering the entire posterior–and occasionally parts of the upper thigh–is causing us all to shutter in arousal as these words are being typed! It's remarkable that someone was able to craft this wickedly erotic piece of undergarment without experiences one, two… maybe three climaxes. The granny panty screams, "Come and get it boys. I'm a tasty dish of immense sexual pleasure and I hope to crush you all with the awesome power of these cotton drawers."


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Apprenticeship, Trade and Occupations Certification
Nunavut's economy is growing and the demand for workers in the trades is on the rise. The Government of Nunavut wants Nunavummiut to benefit from this growth and the occupations associated with it. The best way to do this is to become a certified tradesperson.
The Department of Family Services' Apprenticeship Unit supports skilled workers and apprentices on their way to becoming journeypersons either with or without their Interprovincial Standards Red Seal certification. The Apprenticeship Unit also certifies eligible trade occupations. The Unit is governed by the Apprenticeship, Trade and Occupations Certification Act and makes decisions based upon recommendations of the Nunavut Apprenticeship, Trade and Occupations Certification Board.
If you want challenging, exciting and well-paid employment in Nunavut's growing economy, then the skilled trades might be for you. To find out how to become a registered apprentice or receive your Nunavut trades certification, contact the Nunavut Apprenticeship Certification Unit or your regional Career Development Office:
Nunavut Apprenticeship Certification Unit
Zsolt Munkacsy
Supervisor of Apprenticeship, Trade and Occupations Certification
867-975-5280 / firstname.lastname@example.com
Regional Career Development offices
Qikiqtani - 800-567-1514
Kivalliq - 800-953-8516
Kitikmeot - 800-661-0845
Quick Links
Who is involved in Apprenticeship?
How can I become an apprentice?
How can I receive Nunavut certification as an experienced worker?
Can I apprentice in another province or territory?
Apprenticeship is a structured system of supervised training that combines on-the-job learning (under the leadership of a certified journeyperson) and incremental in-school technical instruction (anywhere from 8 to 12 weeks in duration). The completion of an apprenticeship varies from two to four years, depending on the apprentice's experience and the training requirements of the particular trade. Apprentices earn wages while learning their trade. The apprenticeship program provides apprentices with the knowledge, skills, competencies and education of his/her chosen trade or occupation. When complete, the apprenticeship program leads to recognized certification.
Who is involved in Apprenticeship?
Apprenticeship training involves the apprentice, the employer and the supervising journeyperson. The Nunavut Apprenticeship Unit and regional Career Development Officers assist employers and apprentices to register and maintain the cases. Each person has roles and responsibilities to fulfill (below). For more information, please also consult our Apprenticeship Frequently Asked Questions sheet.
Apprentice requirements:
- Know what is involved in his/her trade, learn and apply skills and meet the employer's productivity needs as much as possible.
- Take ownership of the on-the-job and technical training.
- Be ready and willing to learn.
- Be aware of technical training deadlines and paperwork requirements and be sure to ask questions.
Employer requirements:
- Support and promote a safe working and learning environment.
- Ensure that a supervising journeyperson is available and willing to supervise the apprentice(s).
- Maintain the journeyperson to apprentice ratio requirements for the trade.
- Pay the apprentice according to Apprenticeship, Trade and Occupations Regulations
- Allow the apprentice to participate in the required technical training and take examinations
- Submit the apprentice's Record of Employment (ROE) to enable them to apply for EI benefits when they begin technical training (Employers can now complete and submit apprentices' ROEs online. For details, please visit Service Canada's ROE website.).
- Evaluate the performance of the apprentice with the supervising journeyperson on a regular basis
Supervising Journeyperson requirements:
- Mentor the apprentice by promoting and encourage the highest trade standards.
- Teach the apprentice the skills of the trade to the best of your ability.
- Provide appropriate supervision and honest feedback.
How can I become an Apprentice in Nunavut?
In order to become an apprentice in Nunavut, you must register in the Nunavut Apprenticeship Program. For this to happen, you must be at least 18 years of age and you must have an employer who is willing to work with you as an apprentice (you may also speak with a CDO about matching with an employer). This employer must also have a certified journeyperson who is in trained in the applicant's desired trade and who is at the same location where the applicant will be working. You must also write and pass a Trades Entrance Exam. Contact a Career Development Officer in your community/region to learn more about the requirements and get help with the application process.
How can I receive Nunavut certification as an experienced trade worker?
Tradespeople with a valid Red Seal endorsed trade certificate can work anywhere in Canada. Certified journeypersons may obtain a Red Seal on their trade certificates by completing the interprovincial (Red Seal) examination. Not all persons interested in the trade qualification take an apprenticeship route. If you are an experienced skilled trade worker (i.e. you have significant experience working hands-on in your trade) and you want to be certified while you work in Nunavut, you can apply for the Trade Qualification program. Please contact your regional Career Development Officer for details.
Can I apprentice in another province or territory?
Learn more about the Provincial-Territorial Apprentice Mobility Protocol.


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There seems to be no end in sight to the onslaught of iPhone 5 cases, which is great news for all those of us who are eagerly awaiting their new handset in the mail—or who are recovering from a very early morning in line at their closest Apple Store. Here are some of the latest announcements, lovingly collected by your faithful Macworld staff.
Ballistic: The Every1 (iPhone 5; $50) is a wraparound case that provides all-around protection, with a four-layer construction and a special air-gap suspension system that helps absorb shocks. It comes in pink/purple, charcoal/white, charcoal/baby blue, charcoal/raspberry, black/grey, grey/black, pastel violet/purple, black/white, or green/blue. And, if four layers of protection sounds like a lot, you'll be surprised to hear that the Hard Code (iPhone 5; $60) provides five of them, and comes in many of the same color combinations.
The Shell Gel (iPhone 5, $35) is a snap-on case that features a ballistic gel polymer construction for maximum shock absorption, and comes in black, pink/black, white/black, cobalt, charcoal/raspberry, purple/teal, or charcoal/white. Its more advanced cousin, the SG Maxx (iPhone 5; $50) is also built to provide excellent protection, and comes with a convenient horizontal holster for clipping your iPhone to your belt, plus an outside silicone coating that ensures an excellent grip. The Maxx is available in black, black/white, charcoal/raspberry, cobalt, charcoal/white, or black/red.
Finally, for a more fashion-conscious take on protective accessories, look no further than the Smooth (iPhone 5; $30), which was built to be thin but highly conspicuous, thanks to its interchangeable components that come in a variety of different colors.
Cygnett: The Vector (iPhone 5; $19) features sleek embossed lines and an impact-resistant design; it's built to keep your iPhone safe while offering a splash of color and fashion, and comes in black or purple. For a similarly elegant protective solution, you can also take a look at the Workmate (iPhone 5; $30), which features a heavy-duty shell and inner lining, and is available in black or olive green.
In the premium materials department, the company has introduced the UrbanShield, available in Genuine Carbon Fiber (iPhone 5; $30) and Alumiun (iPhone 5; $25), available in silver or black. Both models provide excellent protection using a dual material construction designed to fit snuggly around your handset.
If you're looking for simpler components, Cygnett has you covered with the Aerogrip Feel (iPhone 5; $19), Polygon (iPhone 5; $19), Second Skin (iPhone 5; $17), and the Crystal (iPhone 5; $19), all available in a wide variety of colors and styles, and designed to offer excellent protection with minimal bulk. The Icon (iPhone 5; $30), on the other hand, is a heavier hard shell case with an attractive look, thanks to the various New York graffiti art-inspired patterns in which the case is available.
Cygnett's iPhone 5 offerings are rounded out by the FlipWallet (iPhone 5; $40), which integrates your handset with a veritable wallet, complete with money compartment and plastic card sleeves; the Bulldozer (iPhone 5; $20), built for extra protection thanks to its sturdy construction and easy-grip texture; the Lavish, a wraparound case made of genuine leather with a special magnetic clasp that keeps your iPhone safe while you're not using it; and the Action Armband (iPhone 5; $17), built for active users who take their iPhones with them when running or working out.
FreshFiber: The company's iPhone 5 lineup includes the Macedonia (iPhone 5; $40), a soft rubber snap-on case that features a see-through, three-dimensional pattern. It is available in grey, purple, graphite black, pink, stone white, or red. The similarly constructed Maille (iPhone 5; $40) can be custom manufactured with a word or saying of your choice printed on the back for a small additional fee (limited to one line of text), and comes in red, stone white, pink, grey, graphite black, or purple. Finally, the Mondriaan (iPhone 5; $35) includes a handy pocket that can be used to store cards and cash; pick between graphite black, stone white, or grey.
Griffin Technology: The company announced more than two dozen accessories in support of Apple's latest handset, including the Survivor Belt Clip (iPhone 5; $50), which is built to military standards to provide shatter-resistant protection for your iPhone and comes in 20 different multi-colored themes. Griffin Technology also announced the Reveal (iPhone 5; $20), a simple but efficient snap-on shell that features a clear body with a colored bumper, available in white, blue, orange, aqua, black, grey, yellow, or pink; and the awfully cute Kazoo (iPhone 5; $25) designed for little ones in the shape of a variety of zoo animals.
For a more sophisticated yet fun look, you may want to check out the Wise Eyes Series (iPhone 5; $25), the Mustachio (iPhone 5; $25), and the Moxie (iPhone 5; $30). Based on the same overall design, these cases offer a wide range of colors and styles, varying from elegant animal prints to stylized animals, to… mustaches.
HitCase: The HitCase Pro (iPhone 5; $130) is designed for active users and extreme sports lovers. It features an extremely durable and high-impact protection system, and can be mounted on a variety of surfaces, such as the handlebars of a bike or the top of your helmet. Its companion app can even record your videos alongside a special overlay that displays your speed, altitude, inclination, and other cool stats.
Incase: The Slider (iPhone 5; $35), available in black or white, is a two-piece hard shell that provides wraparound protection for all your iPhone's critical areas. Its same basic design is also adopted by the Metallic Slider (iPhone 5; $35), which features a special metallic coating and comes in pink, purple, or grey, and the Crystal Slider (iPhone 5; $35), whose dazzling design glitters in the light and can be purchased in grey, red, or yellow.
For a more minimalistic approach to protection, the Snap Case (iPhone 5; $30) is a single-piece snap-on shell designed to be lightweight and durable. It adds protection to your device without the bulk, and comes in clear or black frost.
Finally, for the active user, the Sports (iPhone 5; $40) is a black armband that delivers comfortable sweatproof protection, can be adjusted to fit a wide range of arm girths, and is even washable.
Macally: Among the company's dozen-or-so iPhone 5 cases, you'll find the Protective Frame (iPhone 5; $15), which adds full protection to the sides of your handset and provides an enhanced soft plastic grip. You'll also find the Aluminum Frame (iPhone 5; $35), which works in much the same way, but is made of genuine, high-grade aluminium. The Protective Frame is available in black, white, or red, while the Aluminum Frame comes in black, red, or gold.
The Folio Stand (iPhone 5; $30) is, you guessed it, a folio-style case that covers your iPhone, and it doubles as a fold-out stand for hands-free viewing in landscape mode. It's made of faux leather, and is available in black, red, or white.
The Hardshell Clear (iPhone 5; $20) is a hard shell polycarbonate with soft edges that protects your iPhone while adding minimal bulk; its see-through construction allows the beauty of Apple's design to shine through unhindered. It's available in a clear/clear or black/clear model. A completey clear soft-shell version, called Clear Protective Flexible (iPhone 5; $10) is also available.
Finally, the Protective Holster (iPhone 5; $30) is specially designed with a belt clip that can double as a viewing stand, and is built from a durable TPU material to ensure protection and durability, which keeps your handset safe when you take it on the road with you.
Marware: The SportShell Convertible (iPhone 5; $50) is a snap-on shell with an interchangeable back that makes it adaptable to a number of different scenarios, from sports to a casual evening out. It comes in black or white.
The Revolution (iPhone 5; $35) is a three-piece shell whose panels are designed to interlock tightly and provide full protection to your handset, including its buttons. The various parts can be mixed-and-matched from the four available colors and styles.
The Stash (iPhone 5; $35) comes in black and features a convenient pocket at the back that can hold your credit cards or ID. In addition, a special slot in the back can be used to house one of your cards, which then doubles as a stand for hands-free viewing.
The Microshell (iPhone 5; $25) is Marware's ultrathin back cover, made of impact-resistant polycarbonate for maximum protection without adding bulk. It comes in a variety of colors and styles, including clear, black, pink, blue, grey, and polkadot.
The Zooey (iPhone 5; $50) is a leather wallet that comes with a complimentary Microshell case, and a handy shoulder strap for carrying your handset around. Two zippered pockets provide room for cards, cash, and accessories.
Finally, the C.E.O. Prestige Plus (iPhone 5; $40) is a holster made of genuine leather and designed for the professional who wants to make a good impression. It includes a free Microshell, covers 98 percent of the iPhone while you're not using it, and features a convenient push-through opening at the bottom for quick access to your handset.
XtrememMac: Even though the company's Website hasn't been updated yet, we have the scoop on the company's upcoming iPhone 5 lineup, which includes the SportWrap (iPhone 5; $25), a high-performance armband designed for users who lead active lives and often find themselves with a shortage of pockets, and the SportWrap LED (iPhone 5; $80), which includes a special set of safety lights for running or biking in the dark.
The Microshield Stand (iPhone 5; $25) features a special construction that allows the case to turn into a stand, which can then be conveniently folded away when not needed. Despite its flexibility, it's built of durable hard plastic for maximum protection, and comes in gunmetal, turquoise, red, pink, or pearl. For more flash, you may be interested in the Microshield Fade (iPhone 5; $20), which doesn't have a kickstand, but does come in a variety of gradient colors, including purple/pink, blue/purple, green/yellow, yellow/orange, black/grey, and clear/grey. If texture is what you're after, XtremeMac has also announced the Microshield Style (iPhone 5; $25), which is available in a special cork finish.
XtremeMac's offerings are rounded out by the Tuffwrap (iPhone 5; $20), built with a smooth finish and textured construction to provide an excellent grip while keeping your phone safe and ensuring that you maintain access to all your ports and cameras thanks to the appropriate cutouts.


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Attorneys for the family of a young man who was fatally shot in an Arkansas patrol car have asked police to preserve evidence about his death, and police say they are preparing for a likely lawsuit.
Lawyers for Chavis Carter's family haven't spelled out what kind of legal action they anticipate filing in the coming months, but they said negligence likely will play a role after a Jonesboro police officer searched Carter twice but didn't find the gun that authorities say he used to shoot himself in the head.
"We're waiting to see all the facts. Then, we'll file appropriately," said one of the family's lawyers, Benjamin Irwin. "… But clearly negligence is going to be a part of it."
Meanwhile, Jonesboro Police Chief Michael Yates said last week that police wouldn't grant interviews as they were consulting attorneys, though he did respond to written questions from The Associated Press.
"In preparation for civil action, the investigation continues so that we may identify all parties associated with the case and seek additional witnesses if they can be identified and located," Yates said in an email.
A state crime lab report concluded that Carter, 21, was on meth when he fatally shot himself in the head while his hands were cuffed behind his back on July 28 in Jonesboro, about 130 miles northeast of Little Rock. The officer who searched Carter twice and found marijuana but no gun was reprimanded, but has since returned back to work. Police said another officer who stopped a truck in which Carter was a passenger was cleared of any wrongdoing.
"I think there was a high degree of negligence that night," Irwin said. "They had a duty and responsibility to search this man and at some point in time a gun ended up in the backseat of this car and this young man lost his life while in police custody. That in itself is not supposed to happen."
Michael Johnson, who teaches criminal law and other courses at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock law school, said he could see a suit involving negligence if what police have said is true.
"The failure to adequately search and find a weapon, boy, that, I think puts the police department in a tough spot," said Johnson, a former federal prosecutor.
Plus, Johnson said, "There's a certain common sense reaction of: How could this possibly have happened that way?"
Authorities say other people have managed to shoot themselves while in handcuffs. Less than two weeks after Carter was shot in Arkansas, police in Mobile, Ala., said a man shot himself in the torso while he was handcuffed in the back of a squad car. Unlike Carter, that man survived.
A young man in Indianapolis did not. Police said 16-year-old Michael Taylor shot himself in the head in the back of a squad car while handcuffed in 1987.
His mother sued the city and police officers, arguing that her son's fatal wound was the result of "the careless and negligent conduct of the defendants…" A jury agreed and awarded Taylor's mother millions of dollars, though a judge and state appeals court later reduced the amount. Then, in 2000, Taylor's family agreed to a settlement in which the city would pay them close to $2 million, according to The Indianapolis Star.
"Lawsuits are common in all in custody death cases," Yates said.
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20 facts revealed about the Stone of Destiny
This information is among 20 facts to be released by Historic Environment Scotland (HES) to mark the 20th anniversary of the Stone of Destiny's return to Scotland.
On St Andrews Day 1996 the Stone of Destiny completed a 400 mile, police escorted journey from Westminster Abbey to Edinburgh Castle. This was the culmination of months' worth of highly detailed planning, following on from an announcement in Parliament on July 3, 1996 by the then Prime Minister John Major.
Other facts reveal that a Glasgow pub was suggested as one of the more unusual long-term locations for the Stone, as proposed by a member of the public during the consultation process. The transportation of the Stone within the Abbey called for a specially designed hand barrow, which was based on the type used by medieval stonemasons. It was measured and built to specifications that would allow two men to carry the 152kg Stone by hand over the narrow footbridge leading from St Edward the Confessor's Chapel.
Whilst specialist conservation works following the Stone's return – carried out before it was publically displayed – uncovered a hidden message, dating from the 1970s. Cleaning of the 700 year old, red sandstone object found a wax seal and a small lead tube containing a triangle of paper; it was later discovered to be an offcut from an official authentication document, which had been inserted into the side of the Stone. It is thought to have been done as a measure to prove the Stone's authenticity if it was ever taken.
Among those involved in the Stone of Destiny's return operation, 20 years ago, was Richard Welander, Head of Collections at Historic Environment Scotland. Richard along with six other members of staff formed a core task group. He also held a hands-on role at Westminster Abbey during the Stone's removal in November 1996. He said: "The Stone of Destiny is truly unique. There is no other object quite like it that continues to captivate and intrigue audiences in equal measure – even twenty years on since its return.
"Now helping to mark this anniversary, these lesser known facts offer an insight into the Stone of Destiny, its history and significance. Whilst newly released information helps shed a light on some of the behind the scenes processes which were involved in its return in 1996."
The Stone of Destiny forms part of the Honours of Scotland Exhibition at Edinburgh Castle. St Andrews Day – Wednesday, November 30 – is the 20th anniversary of the Stone's return to Scotland.
20 facts for 20 years:
1. The idea to return the Stone of Destiny to Scotland was first suggested by Michael Forsyth's young daughter. Lord Forsyth was the Secretary of State for Scotland in 1996.
2. During the public consultation over the summer of 1996, a Glasgow pub was one of the more unusual proposals for the long-term location of the Stone on its return to Scotland.
3. The whole operation was conducted under great secrecy. From the announcement in Parliament on 3rd July 1996 by the then Prime Minister, John Major, of the Stone's intended return to Scotland to its public display in Edinburgh Castle on St Andrews Day that year, detailed arrangements were known to very few.
4. The van driven down from Edinburgh to collect the Stone wasn't empty. It actually contained the St Andrews Sarcophagus – an early 9th century Pictish masterpiece from St Andrews Cathedral. It was leaving Scotland for the first time since its discovery in 1833 to be loaned to the British Museum as the centrepiece of the 'Heirs of Rome' exhibition.
5. The Historic Environment Scotland team – then Historic Scotland – were met by police officers at Kings Cross station on the afternoon of Wednesday 13th November and transported through London to the Hendon Police College. From there, a couple of hours later under cover of darkness, the team was taken into central London to wait covertly in a side street until the Abbey closed to visitors. Five of the original team of seven are still members of staff at Historic Environment Scotland.
6. A specially-designed scaffold had to be carried into the Abbey and carefully erected over the Coronation Chair. A running pulley was mounted above and a block and tackle used to winch the Stone up and out of the Chair inch by inch then slid forward and lowered onto a purpose built hand barrow. This procedure had been rehearsed many times over the summer at Edinburgh Castle, even ensuring the equipment could take the weight of the stone.
7. The slow and carefully planned operation of lifting the Stone out of the Coronation Chair took six hours, with collection and conservation specialists working from 8pm on Wednesday 13th November and completing the task at 2am on Thursday 14th November 1996.
8. The specialist team were escorted and under guard by armed police throughout the operation.
9. A wooden hand barrow, based on those used by medieval stonemasons, which had been specially designed and made to carry the Stone out of the confines of St Edward the Confessor's Chapel over a narrow footbridge. The Stone, which weighs 152kg, was then taken to the nave to wait overnight until being carried out of the Abbey's West Door early the following morning to waiting vehicles and the start of its journey north, under police escort.
10. On its return to Scotland, the Stone was taken immediately to a 'secret location' to be prepared for its public appearance at Edinburgh Castle on St Andrews Day 1996. That location was at a Conservation Centre in Edinburgh, where the Stone was closely studied and recorded for the first time in its long history.
11. At the Conservation Centre, the Stone, covered in decades of accumulated dust and debris, was gently cleaned, using steam, to reveal the surface details; including an extraordinary array of tool marks and incisions that still remain difficult to understand and interpret today.
12. Famously in the early hours of Christmas Day 1950 three Glasgow students broke into Westminster Abbey and, using a mackintosh to drag it over the tiled floor, removed the Stone. In attempting to lift the Stone out of the Coronation Chair, it fell and a corner was broken off. The students escaped back to Scotland and the Stone remained hidden for several weeks during which time it was repaired in Glasgow before being deposited on 11th April 1951at Arbroath Abbey, the signing place of the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320.
13. In the late 1970s there was another attempt by a Glasgow student to take the Stone. It was unsuccessfully and little-reported but the Abbey's then Surveyor of the Fabric was sufficiently concerned about how to prove authenticity if the Stone was ever taken that he arranged for a small lead tube containing a triangle of paper, an offcut from an official authentication document, to be inserted into the side of the Stone and sealed with sealing wax. This was discovered during cleaning and conservation work in Edinburgh.
14. The Stone was privately exhibited in the Palace of Holyroodhouse the evening before St Andrews Day 1996, before being taken to the Great Hall in Edinburgh Castle where Prince Andrew, representing HM The Queen, formally issued the Royal Warrant to the Commissioners of the Regalia transferring the Stone into their safekeeping.
15. Under the conditions of the Royal Warrant, the Commissioners are responsible for ensuring that the Stone returns to Westminster Abbey for the next and all future coronations of monarchs of Great Britain.
16. Around 10,000 people lined the Royal Mile to catch a glimpse of the Stone of Destiny as it made its way to Edinburgh Castle from the Palace of Holyroodhouse on 30th November 1996.
17. Two years after the Stone's return to Scotland, permission was given for British Geological Survey staff to conduct a technical examination of the Stone. The survey team carried out the works locked inside the Crown Room of Edinburgh Castle. The geological results were conclusive and confirmed that the Stone was made from Old Red Sandstone quarried in the vicinity of Scone.
18. The most frequently asked question – "Is it the real thing?" The consistent answer over the past 20 years is: Yes. It's the Stone taken away from Scone Abbey by Edward I of England in 1296.
19. Every English – and, after 1707 and the Act of Union, British – monarch since 1296 has sat on the Stone for their Coronation. The Coronation Chair was made especially for the Stone by Walter of Durham between 1297 and 1300. It has recently been re-displayed to the public by the Dean and Chapter in a chapel near the west entrance to the Abbey.
20. In June1914 Suffragettes targeted the Stone and Coronation Chair to protest on behalf of women's rights. They exploded a bomb that damaged the top of the Chair. It's been speculated that the blast might have caused a crack in the Stone that only became apparent on Christmas Day 1950 when Glasgow students famously stole the Stone away back to Scotland.


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Colored Red Leather Goods
Mile High Messenger Bag
Mile High Messenger Bag
- 100% handcrafted
- Saddle Stitched
- Wax Burnished edges
- 2 pockets for electronics or docs
- Detachable adjustable strap
- Antiqued brass hardware
- Branded with the Colored Red Leather Goods maker's mark
The inside features a pocket /passport slot, perfect for papers, receipts, etc. The outside back features a pocket that easily fit your wallet or phone, credit cards, or business cards, documents, etc.
*The bag measures 8.5"W x 8"L x 2"D (closed). A single layer of leather is approximately 1/16" thick
- Leather -
This is a 4-5 oz cowhide Leather and feels like it has already been broken in. Its not too soft and flimsy, but not too stiff. This leather has a rich pull-up, and retains the feel and color for generations. Pull-up happens when the leather is bent or pulled and the oils move around within the cowhide causing the lighter tones to become visible. This leather is tanned in the USA using USA cowhide and is extremely durable.
- Thread -
We use a .040" industrial grade polyester thread From Maine Thread Company that is extremely strong and durable. This thread is commonly used on ship sails, airbags, military equipment, law enforcement equipment, and other outdoor equipment. Compared to nylon / cotton threads, polyester thread has superior resistance to UV rays, moisture, and mildew.
** If no thread option is added we will choose a thread options that best matches the leather chosen.
- Production Time -
All products are made one at a time by hand in Denver, Colorado USA. Please allow up to 7 days production time, from the date immediately after your purchase date. Your order will then ship out via USPS the business day following item completion. You will then receive an email with the shipping confirmation & tracking. If your order is being shipped outside of the USA, you will receive an email and a reference number, but no Tracking will be provided.


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Information about Credit Monitoring Cell is provided by Development Commissioner, Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) is available. Contact details of the cell have been provided for resolution of credit issues of MSMEs. Detailed information about the cell and links of banks MSME Care Centres can also be accessed. Information about data & statistics, annual reports, policies, budget & allocation, important links, etc is also provided.
Related Links
Related Links
Definitions of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises
Definitions of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises are provided. Users can also find detailed information of micro, small and medium enterprises, investment plans and machinery etc. Details of production activities, export, opportunity and indicators are also provided. Information of various schemes are also provided for the users.
National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development
Detailed information about the National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (NIESBUD) is provided. Information about the institute's faculty, objectives, facilities, activities, research work and library is given. Details of training programmes, global programmes and workshops are available. Information about how to set up enterprises is also given. Details of vacancies and recruitment etc. are provided.
Marketing Assistance Scheme
The Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, inter-alias, through National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC), a Public Sector Enterprise of the Ministry, has been providing marketing support to Micro & Small Enterprises (MSEs) under Marketing Assistance Scheme. You can find detailed information on this scheme, its background, objectives, and scale of assistance to MSMEs, implementation procedure, monitoring and evaluation etc...
Information on setting up micro small and medium enterprise
Information about setting up a business enterprise is provided. Details to set up micro, small and medium business units are given. Details information related to business project selection, technology, machinery, arranging finance, unit development, projects approvals and quality clearance etc. are provided. Guidelines, forms, projects profile and self employment book are also available.
Budget of Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises
Access to budget of Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) is given. Users can get and download plan document, budget estimates and expenditure, outcome budget and demand for grants from 2006 onwards.
Public Procurement Policy Micro and Small Enterprise - 2012
Details on Public Procurement Policy Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) – 2012 by Development Commissioner (MSME), Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are given. Information about the policy, notification on policy, letters related to policy, nodal officers, consultancy study, etc. is given. Frequently asked Questions (FAQs) are also available.
Reports by Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises
Find various reports by Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME). Information about new projects, annual reports, technology study reports, report on MSME working groups, etc. is given. Details related to other reports such as evaluation report, survey report, entrepreneurship development programme in biotechnology, etc. are also available.
Credit Link Capital Subsidy Scheme for Technology Upgradation by MSME
Get information about the Credit Link Capital Subsidy Scheme for Technology Upgradation by Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Find details of the scheme summary, bank-wise list of beneficiaries, guidelines and other scheme related document. Users can apply online for the scheme. Facility to track application is also available.
Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Micro and Small Enterprises
The Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGMSE) was launched by the Government of India to make available collateral-free credit to the micro and small enterprise sector. You can find information on this scheme, eligibility lending institutions, credit facility, awareness programme, finance, etc.
Scheme for Assistance to Training Institutions
The main objectives of the scheme are development of indigenous entrepreneurship from all walks of life for developing new micro and small enterprises, enlarging the entrepreneurial base and encouraging self-employment in rural as well as urban areas, by providing training to first generation entrepreneurs and assisting them in setting up of enterprises. You can find information on the scheme, its objectives, target group, assistance,...
Market Development Assistance Scheme for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
Detailed information is provided on the Market Development Assistance Scheme for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises. You can find information on the scheme, funding, objectives of the scheme, eligibility criteria to apply, subsidy, etc.
Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme
The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises has adopted the cluster development approach as a key strategy for enhancing the productivity and competitiveness as well as capacity building of Micro and Small Enterprises and their collectives in the country. You can get detailed information on this scheme, its objectives, scope of the scheme, cost of project, assistance, how to apply, etc.
Scheme for implementation of ISO in Khadi and village industry
The main purpose of this scheme is to strengthen the quality assurance for Khadi and Village industries products. Information about this scheme, its objectives, beneficiaries, eligibility, pattern of assistance, implementation, source of fund, stages of implementation, etc. is available.
Scheme for Implementation of R&D Projects
Detailed information on the Scheme for Implementation of Research and Development Projects is provided. You can find information related to the scheme, its objectives, who can take R&D projects, how proposals are to be made, etc.
Website of Khadi and Village Industries Commission
The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is charged with the planning, promotion, organisation and implementation of programs for the development of Khadi and other village industries in the rural areas in coordination with other agencies engaged in rural development wherever necessary. Users can get detailed information on Khadi, village industry, schemes, implementing agencies and products. Information of training centres and...


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Last June, Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of the City of New York announced his plans to implement a ban on large sodas and other sugary drinks in virtually every place but the home. His administration is banning the sale of these beverages in containers that are more than 16-fluid ounces. Bloomberg has already implemented a ban on trans fats in NYC restaurants, and a rule that fast food and other chain restaurants publicly post the number of calories in their meals and a few weeks after this announcement ordered ordered city hospitals to lock up the baby formula pushing new mothers to nurse whether they choose to or not.
While I understand that child obesity is an issue across the county, it's hard to understand where Bloomberg or any government official for that matter, gets the right to ban giant sodas. The ban on sugary drinks and baked goods in public schools (carrots for classroom birthday parties?) misguided as it is, at least takes place in a school system run by the city in buildings owned by the city (their house–their rules). But there is something disconcerting about a government deciding what I can drink and/or before eating at their local fast food joint, one has to be subjected to a sign saying something like "Hey this crap is going to kill you!). For the fast food aficionado this will have little (if any affect).
Now Mommy Bloomberg is at it again, as ban his ban on large sodas will take place in just a few weeks, on March 12 there are new rules to control the lives of New Yorkers.
Say goodbye to that 2-liter bottle of Coke with your pizza delivery, pitchers of soft drinks at your kid's birthday party and some bottle-service mixers at your favorite nightclub.
They'd violate Mayor Bloomberg's new rules, which prohibit eateries from serving or selling sugary drinks in containers larger than 16 ounces.
The city Health Department last week began sending brochures to businesses that would be affected by the latest ban, including restaurants, bars and any "food service" establishment subject to letter grades.
And merchants were shocked to see the broad sweep of the new rules.
"It's not fair. If you're gonna tell me what to do, it's no good," said Steve DiMaggio of Caruso's in Cobble Hill, Brooklyn. "It's gonna cost a lot more."
And consumers, especially families, will soon see how the rules will affect their wallets — forcing them to pay higher unit prices for smaller bottles.
Typically, a pizzeria charges $3 for a 2-liter bottle of Coke. But under the ban, customers would have to buy six 12-ounce cans at a total cost of $7.50 to get an equivalent amount of soda.
"I really feel bad for the customers," said Lupe Balbuena of World Pie in Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn.
Domino's on First Avenue and 74th Street on the Upper East Side is doing away with its most popular drink sizes: the 20-ounce and 2-liter bottles.
"We're getting in 16-ounce bottles — and that's all we're going to sell," a worker said.
People just don't get why Bloomberg would do this:
"It's ludicrous," said Robert Bookman, a lawyer for the New York City Hospitality Alliance. "It's a sealed bottle of soda you can buy in the supermarket. Why can't they deliver what you can get in the supermarket?"
Families will get pinched at kid-friendly party places, which will have to chuck their plastic pitchers because most hold 60 ounces — even though such containers are clearly intended for more than one person.
Changes will be made at the Frames bowling alley in Times Square, where 26-ounce pitchers are served at kids' parties, said manager Ayman Kamel.
"We're going to try to get creative," he said, noting drinks with 100 percent juice are exempt from the ban.
"We're figuring out a way to have freshly squeezed juice for the birthday parties. We might have to raise the price about a dollar or so."
And its going to cause some problems with mixed drinks.
If you get bottle service at a city nightclub or restaurant, you cannot also get a carafe of cranberry juice like the one hostess Maggie is serving up here at Le Souk Harem in the West Village. Tonic water and other beverages are also limited, even though they are only used as mixers.
The carafes in which mixers are typically served hold 32 ounces, and the most common mixers — sodas, cranberry juice and tonic water — will be limited. Only water and 100 percent juice will be unlimited.
"Oh, my God. Seriously?" said Lamia Sunti, owner of the swanky West Village club Le Souk Harem. "It's not like one person is going to be drinking the whole carafe. It's silly."
Its incredible that the guy who believes in abortion because government has no right to make decisions about a woman's body is making lots of decisions about the bodies of both genders. He has no right to infringe on our freedoms, but that is the continuing objective of progressivism.


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It's that time of year and thoughts turn (ever so briefly) away from wedding planning to gift giving. Since everyone else is sharing, I thought I'd throw my two cents in as well. For giving or getting, these are some of my favorite pretties around.
Festive Bouquet Gigi Purse - $49
KIT Gloves in Chartruese - $35
Drapey Bow Earrings - $30
Plant Fiber Basket - $52
Loop Scarf - $80


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Before Twitter existed, the term "tweeter" didn't describe a person but rather a thing—the part of the speaker that reproduced high frequencies. Philips' new MCi900 and MCD900 hi-fi stereos let theirs hang out for the world to see.
Before you get too excited, take note the pretty new systems were announced by Philips' Spanish division and will likely never make it to American soil. That's too bad, because there's a lot to long for:
The MCi900 and MCD900 have CD players and USB ports for taking in your tunes and a nice big color display for navigating through them. The MCi900 model has Philips' Streamium technology which lets you listen to Internet radio or stream songs wirelessly from your computer, and it also includes a 160GB hard drive for storing all that music on board.
But the systems' most striking features are their SoundSphere speakers, which have bodies made out of a single piece of aluminum and include the unique floating tweeter design which supposedly delivers a more natural sound.
There's no word on how much they'll cost yet, but that's probably for the best. Even if they were in your price range, you wouldn't be able to get your hands on them anyway. [Engadget]


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Quantification of not-dipolar components of atrial depolarization by principal component analysis of the P-wave
Quantificazione delle componenti non dipolari della depolarizzazione atriale mediante l'analisi in componenti principali dell'onda P
Federica CensiI; Giovanni CalcagniniI; Pietro BartoliniI; Renato Pietro RicciII; Massimo SantiniII
IDipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
IIDipartimento di Cardiologia, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome, Italy
BACKGROUND: Principal component analysis (PCA) of the T-wave has been demonstrated to quantify the dipolar and not-dipolar components of the ventricular activation, the latter reflecting repolarization heterogeneity. Accordingly, the PCA of the P-wave could help in analyzing the heterogeneous propagation of sinus impulses in the atria, which seems to predispose to fibrillation.
AIM: The aim of this study is to perform the PCA of the P-wave in patients prone to atrial fibrillation (AF).
METHODS: PCA is performed on P-waves extracted by averaging technique from ECG recordings acquired using a 32-lead mapping system (2048 Hz, 24 bit, 0-400 Hz bandwidth). We extracted PCA parameters related to the dipolar and not dipolar components of the P-wave using the first 3 eigenvalues and the cumulative percent of variance explained by the first 3 PCs (explained variance EV).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found that the EV associated to the low risk patients is higher than that associated to the high risk patients, and that, correspondingly, the first eigenvalue is significantly lower while the second one is significantly higher in the high risk patients respect to the low risk group. Factor loadings showed that on average all leads contribute to the first principal component.
Key words: principal component analysis, atrial fibrillation, P-wave, not dipolar components.
INTRODUZIONE: L'analisi in componenti principali dell'onda T è stata usata per quantificare le componenti dipolari e non dipolari dell'attivazione ventricolare, associate all'etereogeneità della ripolarizzazione. Allo stesso modo, l'analisi in componenti principali dell'onda P può essere utile nell'analizzare la propagazione del segnale elettrico negli atri, la cui eterogeneità sembra essere un fattore predisponente per la fibrillazione atriale.
OBIETTIVO: Lo scopo dello studio è di effettuare l'analisi in componenti principali dell'onda P in pazienti suscettibili alla fibrillazione atriale.
METODI: L'analisi in componenti principali è effettuata su onde P estratte effettuando la media sincronizzata su registrazioni ECG acquisite mediante un sistema di mappaggio ECG a 32 derivazioni (2048 Hz, 24 bit, 0-400 Hz).
RISULTATI E CONCLUSIONI: I parametri estratti per quantificare le componenti dipolari e non dipolari dell'onda P sono stati i primi 3 autovalori e la percentuale di varianza cumulata spiegata dalle prime 3 componenti principali. Quest'ultima è risultata maggiore nel gruppo di pazienti a basso rischio di sviluppare fibrillazione atriale rispetto al gruppo ad alto rischio. Inoltre, corrispondentemente, il primo auto valore è significativamente più basso mentre il secondo è significativamente più alto nei pazienti ad alto rischio rispetto a quelli a basso rischio. L'analisi dei fattori ha mostrato che in media tutte le derivazioni contribuiscono alla prima componente principale.
Parole chiave: fibrillazione atriale, componenti principali, onda P, componente non dipolare.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered arrhythmia in clinical practice. It is defined by the absence of coordinated atrial systole, since it results from multiple re-entrant electrical wavelets that move randomly around the atria. Although it is not a lethal disease, AF may increase mortality up to 2-fold, primarily due to embolic stroke.
Indeed, the lack of coordinated atrial contraction leads to unusual fluid flow states through the atrium that could favour the formation of thrombus at risk to embolize, especially after return to normal sinus rhythm.
The incidence of atrial fibrillation increases significantly with advancing age. When a patient spontaneously alternates between AF and normal rhythm, the condition is known as paroxysmal AF. When a patient continues with AF as the dominant cardiac rhythm without reversion to the normal rhythm, the condition is known as chronic AF. Two main electrophysiological conditions are indicated for AF initiation and perpetuation [1]: slower conduction velocity in some atrial areas and heterogeneity of cell refractory periods. This heterogeneity of structural and electrophysiological properties leads to a longer and more fragmented P-wave [2-4].
Thus, many studies focused on the analysis of the P-wave to extract parameters to recognize a patient with paroxymal AF as well as to predict the development of AF [4-8]. Given the technical difficulties to analyze the P-wave and the different acquisition and processing systems used, these studies often lead to diverse and not-comparable results in terms of cut-off values.
On the other hand, the analysis of the T-wave, corresponding to the ventricular repolarization, has been extensively used to quantify repolarization inhomogeneity that may create an arrhythmogenic ventricular substrate. Promising results have been obtained by measuring the QT interval (QT dispersion) and by performing the principal component analysis of the T-wave [9-14].
The former analysis has been analogously applied to the P-wave: P-wave dispersion (which is the difference between the maximum and the minimum Pwave duration recorded from the 12 standard leads) has been shown to distinguish patients with paroxymal AF [4-8]. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the T-wave has been extensively used to quantify both the complexity and the not dipolar components of the T-wave [9-12]: particularly, if the ECG would be completely explained by a single electrical dipole, the three largest principal components (PCs), and their corresponding orthogonal eigenvectors, would span the real three dimensional space (dipolar components), while the remaining PCs (not dipolar components) would be zero [12]. For the T-wave it has been demonstrated that the not dipolar components, quantified by the PCA, are not zero, and reflect local repolarization heterogeneity [12]. Accordingly, the PCA of the P-wave could help in analyzing the heterogeneous propagation of sinus impulses in the atria, which seems to predispose to fibrillation. The aim of this study is to perform the PCA of the P-wave in patients prone to AF, during sinus and paced rhythm. For the best of our knowledge, principal component analysis has never been applied to investigate the characteristics of the P-wave.
Study population
Nineteen patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and permanent dual chamber pacemakers (AT500-Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) were recruited from Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome, Italy. The atrial pacing leads were positioned in the right atrium.
The AT500 device combines atrial sensing and detection algorithms for monitoring and diagnostics, and atrial therapy delivery functions.
The system can store up to 35 episodes of atrial tachycardia/flutter with electrograms and up to 128 episodes text summaries, without electrograms.
This pacemaker allows for accurate classification of atrial fibrillation episodes, with detailed information about episode instant of occurrence and duration; it also features three distinct programmable pacing algorithms that suppress atrial tachyarrhythmia trigger mechanisms.
When an episode occurs, the device is also programmed for arrhythmia termination. Three atrial pace-termination algorithms can recognise treatable atrial tachycardias and deliver antitachycardia pacetherapies to restore sinus rhythm.
The study population consisted of 9 female and 10 men, aged 72 ± 10. Two classes of risk have been defined, according to the number of AF episodes recorded by dual chamber pacemakers in the last 6 months preceding the study: class LR (low risk) without AF episodes and class HR (high risk) with at least one AF episode.
Experimental protocols
Five-minute ECG recording was performed for each subject, with the pacemaker programmed in VVI mode, i.e. in single-chamber ventricular pacing mode set to a rate of 40 beats/min, so that to have spontaneous rhythm. Recordings were made using a multi-lead mapping system for high-resolution biopotential measurement (ActiveTwo, Biosemi, The Netherlands).
The system is made of a battery powered isolated AD box that digitises the signals and transfers them to a PCI receiver on computer through a fibre-optic connection.
The signals were digitised at a sampling rate of 2048 Hz and a resolution of 24 bits with a frequency response in the full Dc-400 Hz range.
No further filtering was applied to the data. Thirtytwo leads were positioned on the thorax (Figure 1), to allow accurate recordings of atrial signals.
ECG recordings were acquired as single-ended signals, with respect to a common reference position.
Before starting the acquisition, signals were visualised on a computer screen to check for good electrode contact.
P-wave pre-processing
Every lead signal was pre-processed and analysed to extract the average P-wave characteristic.
The first step is to isolate the P-waves from the acquired signals: after detecting the R-wave (using an algorithm similar to that proposed by Pan and Tompkins [15]), P-waves are extracted in a 200 mslong window (410 samples) starting 300 ms before the R-wave (Figure 1). This is a crucial point since the not correct identification of the P-wave beginning leads to the impossibility to construct the Pwave template.
Secondly, a beat-by-beat linear piecewise interpolation was used to remove baseline wander, on each P-wave. Fiducial points for linear interpolation were taken from TP and PQ tracks of each beat.
Third, a P-wave template is constructed (Figure 1) by averaging each extracted P-wave having a crosscorrelation coefficient with the current template higher than 0.9.
In order to take into account the variations in PR interval and/or the inaccuracy in R-wave detection before averaging, P-waves were aligned according to the lag at which the cross-correlation function between the current averaged P-wave and each single P-wave shows its maximum (coherent averaging procedure).
The coherent averaging procedure went on until 200 beats were included. If the residual noise level (measured in the isoelectric TP track) remained at more than 1 µV even after averaging of 200 beats, averaging procedure continued until the noise level reached a value lower than 1 µV. If it was impossible, the lead was excluded from the study.
Principal component analysis
For each patient, PCA of the 32 averaged Pwaves extracted from the 32 leads has been performed. Data from 32 leads were organized in a data matrix of 32 rows and 410 columns: each row is the 410-samples-long P-wave template of each lead. Singular value decomposition (SVD) of the data matrix has been performed. Since PCA transforms the measured P-wave to virtual parameters that are mutually independent (orthogonal), the 3 largest PCs would contain all the information in the P-wave stemming from the vectorial concept of a single electrical dipole. Following an approach already applied to the T-wave [10, 12], the other principal components (in this case from the 4th to the 32nd) represent the not dipolar components of the atrial depolarization.
The quantification of the dipolar and of the notdipolar component of the heart electrical dipole, was based on the extraction of the first 3 eigenvalues (namely L1, L2 and L3) and of the cumulative percent of variance explained by the first 3 PCs (explained variance, EV). EV gives a direct indication of the amount of variability explained by the dipolar component of the electrical dipole. Of course the residual variance (100%-EV) is that associated to the not dipolar component.
Each PCs is a linear combination of the original 32 signals. In order to estimate to which extent each lead contributes to the first principal component, factor loadings have been calculated. Analogous to Pearson's coefficient, the squared factor loading is the percent of variance in that variable explained by that PC (i.e. the degree of correlation between the original data and the first principal component expressed in percentage).
According to the definition of LR and HR risk patients, 7 patients belonged to the LR class and 12 patients to HR class.
Figure 2 shows the 32 P-wave templates and the results of the PCA for one patient. Table 1 summarizes the results obtained by the PCA parameters, L1, L2, L3 and EV.
The dipolar component of atrial activation, as expressed by the EV, of the LR patients resulted to be higher than that computed for HR patients, even if such a difference does not reach a statistical significance (98.2 ± 0.8 vs 97.9 1.0). However, when the eingevalues of the first 3 components are analyzed, we find that while the first one (L1) is significantly higher for LR patients respect to HR patients, L2 and L3 are lower in LR group respect to the HR one (L2 in a significant way).
The computation of the factor loadings shows that on average all leads contribute to the first principal component. Figure 3 shows the factor loadings averaged (in absolute values) all over the population. Each lead but one in spontaneous rhythm (lead A17) correlates with the first principal component. No differences have been found between LR and HR patients.
Table 2 reports the correlation coefficients (R-square) between PCA parameters and P-wave duration parameters, previously published [16-18] (maximum and minimum P-wave duration in any of the 32 leads (Pmax, Pmin) as well as P wave dispersion (Pdisp = Pmax-Pmin)). We find weak correlations, except a slightly higher correlation between EV and Pmax and Pdisp.
Patients with paroxymal AF are thought to have atrial depolarization heterogeneities, which have been extensively analyzed in terms of electrocardiographic indexes extracted from the P-wave to recognize or to predict the development and the perpetuation of AF [4-8].
However, the technical difficulties to acquire and process the P-wave have so far limited its clinical use.
Quantitative analysis of the T-wave, instead, has been carried out extensively, and is now used in the clinical practice. The PCA of the T-wave led to promising results, in terms of quantification of ventricular repolarization inhomogeneity that may create an arrhythmogenic ventricular substrate [9-12]. PCA can be used to estimate the dipolar and the not dipolar components of the P-wave, and thus its use could led to interesting results in terms of analysis of atrial path from surface ECG.
We hereby used an 32-lead ECG acquisition system particularly suitable for P-wave analysis, having 24 bit resolution and being Dc-coupled. We performed the PCA of the P-wave in patients prone to AF. PCA has been applied to the average P-wave extracted in any of the 32 leads.
For each patient we extracted the first 3 eigenvalues (L1, L2 and L3) and the cumulative percent of variance explained by the first 3 PCs (EV). Such parameters are different from those employed for the T-wave analysis [10-12], even if, as for the T-wave, the chosen parameters are related to the first three PCs associated to the dipolar component of the Pwave, and to the remaining PCs associated to the not dipolar component of the P-wave (100%-EV).
To our knowledge this is the first time the PCA is performed on the P-wave, thus physiological interpretation and critical discussion can be related only to previous experimental evidences of ventricular conduction disturbance (PCA of the T-wave, [10, 12]).
The first important result is that the EV associated to the low risk patients is higher than that associated to the high risk patients, even if this difference does not reach a statistical significance. However, we found that, correspondingly, the first eigenvalue is significantly lower while the second one is significantly higher in the high risk patients respect to the low risk group. It means that while the not dipolar component does not change significantly, the distribution of the dipolar component over the three orthogonal axis changes. These results are consistent with those obtained by analyzing the dipolar component of the P-wave derived from orthogonal ECG leads [17, 18]: differences in orthogonal P-wave morphology were found between healthy individuals and patients suffering from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation group.
The second important results is that, on average, all the 32 leads contributes to the first Pc, having a significant correlation coefficient with almost all variables.
Since any leads systematically show a significant correlation with first PC, each lead seems to contribute to a similar extent to the dipolar component. However, we found an inter-patient variability for the factor loadings - some patients had not significant factor loadings in some leads. This result suggests that maps of the correlation with the first PC (or of the average correlation with the first 3 PCs) could help in identifying those leads (i.e. body surface zones) which mainly contribute to the dipolar component of the atrial depolarization.
When performing PCA of the P-waves, attention must be paid to the system used to record and acquire the ECG and to the processing algorithm used to extract the P-wave [19, 20]. Indeed, the analysis presented in this paper (PCA) has been performed on ECG recordings obtained by a system particularly suitable for the analysis of the P-wave, given its high resolution (24 bit, corresponding to 31 nV). Such a resolution guarantees a detail level of the P-wave which allows to obtain important information on the subtle changes in P-wave morphology, which are in turn due to the atrial conduction path. Whether such analysis can be performed even by commonly used commercial ECG system has to be investigated. In addition, it has to be mentioned that PCA-derived parameters of the T-wave have been investigated in terms of their reproducibility, which has been considered somewhat suspect, because of different pre-processing algorithms used to extract the T-wave (10-second median beat, single beat, averaging over 200 beats) [21]. Thus, if PCA is applied to analyze the P-wave, care must be paid even to the pre-processing algorithm used to extract the signal; although a standardized procedure is desirable, signal averages consisting of several complexes are required to produce reproducible and reliable values for P-wave parameters obtained by PCA.
Conflict of interest statement
There are no potential conflicts of interest or any financial or personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately bias conduct and findings of this study.
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Address for correspondence:
Federica censi
Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Viale Regina Elena 299
00161 Rome, Italy
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received on 13 October 2011
accepted on 18 December 2011