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Perfect scorer on the SAT & the ACT
Devorah is the founder of Advantage Point Test Prep and the author of the book "Boost Your Score" The Unofficial Guide to the Real ACT.
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Case Western Univ., summa cum laude
Perfect scorer on the SAT & the ACT
Devorah is the founder of Advantage Point Test Prep and the author of the book "Boost Your Score" The Unofficial Guide to the Real ACT.
I'm planning a party after a football game. Now I know the players are going to be really, really hungry. So I figured out I need about two pies for every three players. But here is the thing there're 36 players coming, so how many pies of pizzas do I need? Well in this episode we're going to talk about propositions which can help us solve this. We're also going to talk about the other top pre-algebra concepts that you'll see on the ACT.
Let's get started talking about a concept you need to review for the math part of the ACT. Now PEMDAS, 'Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally' as your teacher probably told you. Order of operations, this is not tested directly on the ACT, there's not going to be a PEMDAS question for pre-algebra but this is going to show up in a lot of questions as you do the questions. You're going to need to make sure that you're doing the order of operations properly. So PEMDAS stands for Parentheses, which you'll do first, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition and then Subtraction. You're going to want to do them in this order. Okay let me tell you something really important that I see students doing a lot. They know PEMDAS and they feel really good about it, they have seen it in thier pre-algebra but they don't use thier calculator correctly to help them to calculate it. This is an example one of my students just had trouble with. So you hand her something and she had done this whole complicated algebra problem she was just about finished. This was is what was left to calculate. Okay 12 plus 29 over 132. Right 29 divided by 132. So you know PEMDAS, you know okay 'division' where do you go before addition so you would do this first and then you would add 12. But when you put it in your calculator, you have to make sure to tell your calculator to do that. What she did was input her numbers just from left to right into her calculator. And she kind of thought her calculator would just know what to do. If you put it into your calculator, your calculator will think, 'Oh it's 12 plus 29, whatever that is and all of that divided by 132,' which is a completely a different number than 12 plus parentheses on your calculator 29 over 132, signifying to your calculator that's a separate expression, a separate fraction or division that needs to happen first. So really watch this you guys, watch your calculators and think about PEMDAS. Alright let's look at the first pre algebra concept that you need you need to know that's actually is going to be straight forwardly tested on the ACT.
Okay percents, students often ask me, you know I see a whole wordy percent problem, how do I change it into algebra so I can solve it. You know you'll see something like what is 50 percent or what is 12 percent of 29. So they got a lot of words there and it's not algebra. It's actually not that difficult as long as you remember these rules. When you see 'what' in a problem it's going to be your X, when you see is, that's going to be your equal sign in your algebraic equation. And this is key, 'of', the word 'of' always means multiplication and the word 'of' in any percent problem will always be between the two parts that need to be multiplied. So if you ever stuck in thinking, what do I need to multiply together here, the word 'of' is going to between them. Now this probably still sounds kind of confusing so let's try on a real problem. If 50 percent of X is 150 what is two percent of X? So you see we actually have a two part percent problem here. Let's take it piece by piece, first we need to find '50 percent of X'. For we have to find what 'X' is if '50 percent of X' is '150' and next we've to find out what's two percent of 'X', the number that we find first. Alright let's hoop right in and then you'll see how I use that knowledge about 'what', 'is' and 'of' that I talked about earlier. If 50 percent of X is 150, how is it algebra? Well remember 'of' is always between the two things we need to multiply together. So 50 percent of X is 150. 0.5 and remember 50 percent in algebraic terms is 0.5. And if you need a review there is a little sheet about that in your bonus material. So 50 is 0.50 times X right because you've got your 'of', is equals 150. Great and now we can just solve it. It's just a simple algebra problem, you know divide both sides by 0.5 you can cross it off, divide here by 0.50 and we know that then X is equal to 300. Okay so let me circle that. But we're not done right? We next need to know, what's two percent of X? What's two percent of 300? So let's do this again. Okay what is two percent of 300? So 'what' that's our X is, equal, two percent of X. Again 'of' between the two things that need to be multiplied so 0.2 times X I'm sorry times 300 because we already know, so times 300 the number we just found. Okay so use your calculator. 0.2 times 300 is equal to six. So now we know that our answer is B, six. And again if you need more practice there is a lot of practice problems in your bonus material for percents.
Let's keep going. So we talked about some basic percents, there also something also that will be tested involving percents which is percent increase and decrease. The ACT likes to test, how much did something increase by or decrease by with regards to percent. We'll talk about in a second exactly what that's going to look like. The formula for it though is the amount of change between the first amount and the second amount divided by what you started with. Let me show you what I mean here. 'If Sharon had 65 followers on twitter in March and 95 followers in April, by what percent did her followers increase?' So you see how this is a different kind of percent problem, before we were just finding the percent of something, now we want 'by what percent did you have a decrease or an increase between a first amount and a second amount'. Okay so remember the, remember the formula that we had, we had the amount of the change over the amount that he started with. Okay while we had 65, we ended up with 95, what's the amount that changed? Well 30 right, from 65 to 95 perfect. Very straight forward, so 30 is the amount of change and what did we start with? Well we started with 65, 30 over 65. And then when you use your calculator and you'll get something about 0.46. And remember how switch percents from algebra into percent terms, 0.46 is about 46 percent so B will be the right answer. Okay let's keep going.
Let's move on to one of my favorite pre-algebra topics, Scary Plug-in Problems. These are the ones you'll see. You'll probably remember them from the practice test you hopefully took. They look horrible, you'll see some really, really scary equation and you'll think, "Oh my God I didn't know I have to know this, something about volume, something about calculating temperature." And you think, "Oh my gosh, there is no way I can solve this." Actually you can. What's its going to be is a just a simple straight forward plug-in and problem where you plug-in a given amount into the scary equation. Let's take a look and see what I mean. A formula for the volume V over sphere with radius R is V equals four thirds pie R cubed. And already you are probably getting chest pain, "Oh my God, what is this." Right? If the radius of the pitch ball is 12 inches, what's the volume to the nearest cubic inch? Never be intimidated about these problems. You'll see three to four of them and they're really, really not bad because look we've got all the parts we need to easily solve his problem. We know that the radius is 12 and so we've got that the volume and they tell you the volume B when you have your radius R, so we would just plug-in our radius into R, no big deal. Let's go ahead and solve it. So we have four thirds times pie times 12 cube, easy okay. And so you see it's not intimidating after all. Now it's just a straight forward algebra problem. Remember PEMDAS, we're going to do exponents first. So we've four thirds times pie times 12 cubed, Let's figure out what that is. So I got my calculator here and 12 cubed is 1728 and hopefully you're doing this along with me at home. So we've got four thirds times pie times 1728. And now that we've got everything is multiplied across we can just multiplied across. By the way because the answer choices don't have pie in them, that's a sign to us that we actually have to calculate pie. We can just call it three point one four, okay. So I'll just multiply across. I'm just going to use my calculator and we'll see what we end up with. So we have four thirds or one point three, three about times three point one four, you can do this on a calculator, times 1728 okay. If you're doing this along with me hopefully you ended up with about 7234, let me write that down, 7234 and now if you're trying to worry oh my gosh nothing looks identical take a closer look at the problem it does tell you what's the volume to the nearest cubic inch so we just want the closest, the closest answer choice which it looks like it would be E, 7238 great. So that's it for scary looking plugging problems never be intimidated by these just look and see what do you have to plug in.
Okay let's take a look at proportions I've seen ACT tests where proportions will show three or four or sometimes even five times so I want you to feel really good about proportions. What are proportions? Well, proportions are an equation that states that two ratios are equal. This is kind of like a fraction and then the reduced form of the fraction and you know they're equivalent to each other, for example four eighths is the same as one half right 'cause if you reduced four eighths you'd end up with a half, the cool thing about proportion is you can cross multiply and they should be equal to each other. So four times two for example that's eight and so is eight times one and you can use this to solve ACT problems.
Let's go to the pizza problem and then we'll look at a real ACT problem testing proportions, okay if you'll remember I need two pizzas for every three football players coming to my party, so how many pizzas do I need for thirty six football players pay attention this really does help you in real life. So two pizzas for every three football players okay so we can write that out as a fraction or is it really a ratio, really same thing here, so two 'to' three right or two over three for every two pizzas well every two pizzas are going to feed three people okay and we know that we need an equivalent fraction just bigger for how many people we're going to feed, sorry for how many pizzas we're going to need to feed 36 people. Okay so if you need two pizzas for every three football players how many, we don't know so we'll call that X, do you need for 36 people so you see how we again, just have two equivalent fractions now like I said we can have two equivalent fractions. Now like I said we can cross multiply to actually solve for X so we have two times 36 equals three X let me write that down, two times 36 is equal to three X okay so two times 36 that's 72 so 72 equal to three X we're just going to divide both sides by three right, great so X is going to be equal to 24 good. So now let's take a look at this if I need two pizzas for every three football players I'm going to need 24 pizzas that's a lot of pizzas to feed 36 football players but now I know great.
Let's look at a real ACT problem testing proportions, Julie and Mike are on a carousel that rotates 30 degrees every five seconds. How many degrees will they rotate in a minute? Okay so we know we're going to have an equivalent ratio or an equivalent fraction here, we've got 30 degrees every five seconds, so 30 every five seconds and that's going to be equivalent to however many degrees they rotate in a minute right this is just going to be a simplified fraction. So how many degrees will they rotate in a minute well X degrees make sure though you've got your 60 seconds for a minute because when you do proportions your equivalent parts have to be in the same units. Okay now we can just go ahead and cross multiply so we've got 30 times 60 equals five X so 30 times 60, 1800 equals five X and therefore if you divide both sides by five to isolate your variable X is going to be equal to 360. Okay so we see if the carousal rotates 30 degrees every five seconds in an entire minute they're rotating an entire 360 degrees. And C is the correct answer choice here.
Okay let's move on to another concept taking a look at average problems these will always show up on the ACT and usually you'll see them two or three or sometimes even four times. The formula hopefully you're familiar with already but let's just go over it, sum of terms divided by the number of terms meaning adding up all the different parts you have that you want to take the average of and divided by how many different things there are. We're going to look at two example average problems because there are two types of average problems that show up, a really basic average problem and then a slightly more complicated one.
First let's look at the easier one, Tom scored an 89, 72, 54, 50, 80 and 69 on six high school biology tests. Approximately what's Tom average in the class? Hopefully this looks really familiar to you so we've got a bunch of different terms and we know that the formula is that you add up all the terms and divide by how many you have to find the average, let's do that. So we've got 89 plus 72 plus 54 plus 50 gosh this is a lot of tests this guy took, plus 80 plus 69 did I get that right, yes. So we've got everything added up divided by how many we have so let's divide by six, write six different tests that's going to equal out average which is X, okay. So let's go ahead and pick up our calculators because this is a lot to add, so we have got 89 plus 72 plus 54 plus 50, hopefully you're doing this along with me, plus 80, plus 69 okay that's equal to 414 so 414 over six is going to be our average so let's do that 414 divided by six and this guy's average is a 69, great so answer choice B.
Now let's take a look at a slightly more difficult average problem that you'll see, be on the lookout for this you will definitely see this problem or this problem type and you can totally nail it if you know what to do. Tom scored an 89, a 72, 54, 50, 80 and 69 same as before and six high school biology tests tomorrow he's going to take a seventh biology test if Tom needs an average of 65 to pass the class what's the lowest possible score he can get on the test and still pass the class. Okay so let's think about this for a second, we've got the scores for six things right, but we're missing a score we need the score for the seventh, this is like I said there is something you're going to see the ACT loves to test average problems where what you're missing is actually something at the top of your equation remember what our equation is everything added up divided by how many you have that gives you your average right. Here we know what we want the average to be we want him to get a 65 we also know how many tests there are, there are seven let's write that down so we've got our typical formula everything added up is going to go here divided by how many terms okay I mean there are going to be seven, seven total tests and we know his average needs to be a 65 so you see how interesting right, we actually have two of the parts but we're going to miss, we're missing part of the top. But we've got the rest of the test we know he got an 89 plus a 72 plus that 54 plus that what else 50 plus the 80 plus the 69, okay guys plus X.
Alright so just watch up for this trail over here, this is our whole top so you see how we're missing that seventh right but we know everything else added plus that seventh test whatever it is I'm calling X divided by seven the amount we have it can give you 65. A lot of students look at this and they think, "Oh my gosh what do I do", don't worry about this all you're going to do is treat it like you would a typical algebra problem remember if you have something going on in the bottom you have division and you have an equal sign with something on the other side you can multiply the seven to the other side you remember this if you think about algebra if I had multiplied both sides by the same thing which is allowed, multiply both sides by seven I can cross of my sevens here and this becomes 65 times seven.
Okay so now this whole chunk here is going to be equal to 65 times seven let me just figure out what 65 times seven which will make things a little bit clearer here. So 65 times seven is 455, okay so this whole chunk over here is going to equal 455 I don't want to rewrite this whole chunk because remember on the last problem we added this all up and they're equal to 414 right we did that for the last problem. So now we know 414 plus X is equal to 455 okay so you see what we did we just added up all the test scores for leaving our X our missing score, but it just turned into a really straight forward algebra problem all of this you move this to the other side so 414 plus X is 455 now we can just subtract to figure out what is, X is going to be 455 minus 414 that is 414 okay, let's use our calculators for that minus 414 and wow a 41. So lucky Tom just a pass if that's all he wants to do all he needs is a 41 on this test great and that looks like answer choice A.
Now i wanted to do it this way so you guys see how I set this equation but remember our pacing strategies and our back door strategies that we talked about keep in mind when you do these problems sometimes there's a shorter way to do it, you still need to know basically how the equation is going to be set up but remember you can also work backwards from the answer choices in a problem like this. So I wanted to do it straight through so you can see what it looks but another thing you could have done is once you realize it was everything added up divided by the seven gives you that 65 that you need, you could have played in through from the answer choices and said okay is X 41 there's this all added up you know with the 41 here divided by seven give you that 65 and so on and picking from the answers.
So it's just a cool thing to remember sometimes or actually pretty often there are a couple of different ways to solve a problem which is a really powerful feeling to have kind of a bunch of tools that you can pull out and use on a problem. Great so that's it for the top pre-algebra problems that you're going to see repeatedly on the ACT and I want you to feel great about these because pre-algebra shows up 14 times on the math that's almost a quarter, 60 questions on the math 14 out of the 60 questions are going to be pre-algebra. If you need some more practice then really make sure to head to your bonus materials and then with some practice I think you're going to do a great job.


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Ash and co have finally made it to Fallarbor Town, and with that, May is excited about the upcoming contest, she can even see the hall in the distance! May imagines herself winning with Beautifly, and also sends it out, informing of the upcoming contest and pointing to the hall in the distance.
As they enter, Brock gets excited about meeting come female Pokemon coordinators as usual, and as they see all the trainers and coordinators, they come across a mysterious looking girl sitting alone on a bench, isolated, with the strange Pokemon Medicham FLOATING in a sitting and meditating position next to her, so they go and check it out. Just as they learn from the Pokedex that Medicham is the master of telekinesis with its Pure Power ability, Max's glasses fly off his face! Just then, Pikachu, Ash's hat, and everyone's backpacks start flying off them and floating in midair, and it seems to be happening all around the room (even a girl's skirt flies up)! Then, Medicham's trainer signals for it to stop, as it does, and everyone catches everything. She then apologizes, and then explains that she and Medicham were practicing their Meditating and mind technique skills. Brock then does his usual drama and gets dragged off by Max, and May explains that Brock is like that. She then tells the girl she is entering the contest, and asks if she is. Apparently she shouldn't have, because the girl takes that as a stupid question, starts laughing hysterically, and accidentally slaps May and knocks her back. Then she stops acting weird, and apologizes for her behavior, and introduces herself as Grace, and her Medicham.
Later that night, Grace takes Ash and co out to dinner at the Pokemon Center to discuss a little about the contest, and Brock, sitting next to her, gets a romantic-first-date type of feeling as usual, and gets ready to make a move. Ash then asks her how good she is at contests, as she proudly takes out her case, showing three ribbons! Max makes some ignorant comment about the ribbons and gets slapped by May, and May asks to explain how the ribbons work. She explains how she won them all with her trusty Medicham, and then May admits that she almost feels under pressure, if she'll have to face her and Medicham. Grace then has a hysterical moment again for a second, then does a pose, and offers to show some of Medicham's talents as they go outside.
As she sends out Medicham, she starts by having it Ice Punch a few times, showing the beauty in the sparkle of its fist. Then, it uses Confusion by jumping up in the air in the middle of the moonlight, causing a lot of sparkles, as it dances and poses in midair! Impressed, Brock adds that this is an excellent combination. Then, as Medicham slowly descends to the ground, even May is impressed! Now, May has a shot at showing off her Beautifly. She sends it out and starts by having it use Silver Wind, which succeeds, then commands a Tackle. While it goes down, she demands a Gust plus a String Shot. The Gust succeeds, but it messes up the String Shot and blows it all over the place as Beautifly gets entangled. Embarrased, she's about to return it, but then she runs into the last person she'd wanna meet now: Drew.
Drew harshly criticizes May on the combination, and brags that he and Roselia will easily top it, as he tosses her one of Roselia's roses to show off. She actually admits it smells good, but Drew continues to criticize her, and even shows that he has three ribbons as well! She's gonna have to train a lot harder with Beautifly! Meanwhile, J&J are pulling off a fake PokeBlock scam, as they get their first customer! He says he's a coordinator, and would like to get some PokeBlocks. To make it seem more convincing, Meowth does a tight investigation on him, asks him a bunch of questions about his contests and stuff, making him more nervous. Then, he says they're offering packs of Gold and Silver PokeBlocks: Gold ones make your Pokemon tough and cool, Silver ones make your Pokemon beautiful and cute. Then Jessie demonstrates it by having Wobbuffet eat a Gold fake PokeBlock, and then Wobbuffet comes in a secret agent suit and hat, looking and acting really tough. Convinced, the man decides to buy the pack! As he leaves, J&J cackle in pride… Apparently these Gold and Silver PokeBlocks are really regular Pokemon food shaped into cubes, and painted gold and silver.
Back at the hall, as they wait for the contest to start, Ash is sitting on the bench with Max, who is reading a Contest guide, and thinks of giving May a few tips. Then, they realize Brock isn't with them… he's just going around hitting on the coordinators in the hall. Then they see Drew, who recognizes them immediately as May's friends. They talk for a little about the contest, but Ash makes the mistake saying he's rooting for May. He starts to go on about how she's a loser and such, which leads to an argument, so they decide to have a battle.
Taillow starts by hitting Roselia with a Quick Attack. Then, Roselia jumps up in the air and uses Magical Leaf, which Taillow easily dodges. Then Roselia uses Petal Dance, but Taillow dodges it again and starts heading towards Roselia. Then, Taillow goes for a Peck, but Roselia counters with a Stun Spore, so Ash quickly calls for it to roll out of the way. It swerves up high… but the pillar of Stun Spore catches it, making it hard to move. While Taillow is paralyzed, Roselia uses Solar Beam, knocking out Taillow and winning the battle.
May has been watching from behind the bushes. Drew says that battling is just as easy as Contests… May hears this, and thinks about telling him off for insulting her friend, but decides to just forget it.
Later that night, May and Beautifly hang out by the hall, looking at the moon and looking forward to the contest the next day. Drew and Grace's words keep going through her head…
The big day has come, and J&J have made a lot on their scam. Now James is even using the Silver fake PokeBlocks on Cacnea, decorating it with flowers and making Cacnea look all cute. May approaches with Beautifly, and a nearby guy from the crowd explains what's going on. J&J recognize May immediately and decide for a moment to think fast. But May seems easily fooled, and thinks about getting some for Beautifly, as she picks up a Silver PokeBlock and examines it. Suddenly, Grace approaches with her Medicham, and immediately suspects them as scammers. Obviously with her Contest expertise, she can recognize a real PokeBlock, and tells May and everyone to let them go. Then May realizes it's fake, so she drops it, apologizing to Beautifly. Grace then has Medicham use Confusion, making the disguise clothes fly off them, revealing who they really are. Then they fly up in the Meowth balloon, say their motto, and use the old grabbing arms trick. They take out five, grabbing Beautifly, Medicham, and few trainers' Teddiursa, Wigglytuff, and Marill. Then Grace has Medicham use Confusion with all its might, and it just manages to make the arms let go of the five Pokemon, as the trainers catch them.
They don't give up yet, though. May has Beautifly grab the balloon with String Shot, but James easily breaks the string with Cacnea's Pin Missile. Then Jessie tells Seviper to use Poison Tail, but Grace has Medicham Hi Jump Kick it before it can even start. Cacnea tries Pin Missile again on Beautifly, but Beautifly dodges and Tackles. Finally, Medicham uses Ice Punch, sending Cacnea and Seviper back to the balloon, and blasting TR off.
May thanks Grace, and later that day they get ready for the Contest. It's about to start… it'll be tough for May to get past Grace and Drew, but we'll see!
Thanks To Spinazak For Writing this for us
326: Pros and Con Artists!
326: Pokémon Contest! Fallarbor Convention!
Fallarbor Town
May & Co. find that Drew has earned 3 Ribbons
May starts her 2nd Contest
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Tornadoes flattened homes and businesses, flipped trucks over on highways and bent telephone poles into 45-degree angles as they barreled through the South on Monday,killing at least nine people and unleashing severe thunderstorms, damaging hail and flash floods.
Tens of thousands of customers were without power in Alabama, Kentucky, and Mississippi, and thousands more hunkered down in basements and shelters as The National Weather Service issued watches and warnings for more tornadoes throughout the night in Alabama.
Weather satellites from space showed tumultuous clouds arcing across much of the South.
The system is the latest onslaught of severe weather a day after a half-mile-wide tornado carved an 80-mile path of destruction through the suburbs of Little Rock, Ark., killing at least 15. Tornadoes also killed one person each in Oklahoma and Iowa on Sunday.
Emergency officials attending a late-night news conference with Mississippi Gov. Gov. Phil Bryant said up to seven people have been reported killed. State Director of Health Protection Jim Craig said officials are working with coroners to confirm the total.
One of those deaths involved a woman who was killed when her car either hydroplaned or was blown off a road during the storm in Verona, south of Tupelo, said Lee County Coroner Carolyn Gillentine Green.
In northern Alabama, the coroner's office confirmed two deaths Monday in a twister that caused extensive damage west of the city of Athens, said Limestone County Emergency Director Rita White. White said more victims could be trapped in the wreckage of damaged buildings, but rescuers could not reach some areas because of downed power lines.
Separately, Limestone Commissioner Bill Latimer said he received reports of four deaths in the county from one of his workers. Neither the governor's office nor state emergency officials could immediately confirm those deaths.
Numerous watches and warnings were still active in Alabama shortly before midnight Monday, with forecasters warning the severe weather could continue all night.
In Tupelo, Miss., a community of about 35,000 in northeastern Mississippi, every building in a two-block area south of U.S. Highway 78 had suffered damage, officials told a reporter on the scene. Some buildings had their roofs sheared off, while power lines had been knocked down completely or bent at 45-degree angles. Road crews were using heavy machinery to clear off other streets.
The Northeast Mississippi Medical Center in Tupelo had received 30 patients as of Monday night, four of whom were being admitted with non-life-threatening injuries, said center spokeswoman Deborah Pugh. Pugh said the other 26 patients were treated for minor injuries and released.
Mississippi Republican Sen. Giles Ward huddled in a bathroom with his wife, four other family members and their 19-year-old dog Monday as a tornado destroyed his two-story brick house and flipped his son-in-law's SUV upside down onto the patio in Louisville, seat of Winston County and home to about 6,600.
"For about 30 seconds, it was unbelievable," Ward said. "It's about as awful as anything we've gone through."
He estimated that 30 houses in his neighborhood, Jordan Circle, were either destroyed or heavily damaged. After the storm had passed, Ward and his family went to a neighbor's home where 19 people had waited out the tornado in a basement. He said six people were reported trapped in a basement in another home in the subdivision.
Altogether, 45 people had been injured in Louisville but no deaths had been reported, said Jack Mazurak (MAZ-er-ak), a spokesman for the Jackson-based University of Mississippi Medical Center, designated communications command post for disasters. Bryant declared a state of emergency Monday in advance of the storms, which sent emergency officials rushing to put plans in place.
The tornado in Louisville caused water damage and carved holes in the roof of the Winston Medical Center, Mazurak said. There were about 15 patients in hospital rooms and eight or nine in the emergency room, where evacuations were underway, Mazurak said.
"We thought we were going to be OK then a guy came in and said, 'It's here right now,'" said Dr. Michael Henry, head of the emergency room. "Then boom ... it blew through."
Residents and business owners were not the only ones seriously rattled by the tornadoes.
NBC affiliate WTVA-TV chief meteorologist Matt Laubhan in Tupelo, Miss., was reporting live on the severe weather about 3 p.m. when he realized the twister was coming close enough that maybe he and his staff should abandon the television studio.
"This is a tornado ripping through the city of Tupelo as we speak. And this could be deadly," he said in a video widely tweeted and broadcast on YouTube.
Moments later he adds, "A damaging tornado. On the ground. Right now."
The video then shows Laubhan peeking in from the side to see if he is still live on the air before yelling to staff off-camera to get down in the basement.
"Basement, now!" he yells, before disappearing off camera himself.
Later, the station tweeted, "We are safe here."
With the wind howling outside and rain blowing sideways, Monica Foster rode out a tornado warning with her two daughters, ages 10 and 12, inside a gas station near Fayette, Ala. One of the girls cried as the three huddled with a station employee in a storage area beside a walk-in cooler.
Foster, who was returning home to Lynn on rural roads after a funeral in Tuscaloosa, said she typically would have kept driving through the deluge.
"I wouldn't have pulled in if I didn't have the two girls," she said.
In Memphis, Tenn., officials declared a state of emergency in a county southwest of Nashville because of flash flooding. Authorities urged people there to seek higher ground after several homes and some business were flooded in Maury County and school leaders worried that some school buses might not be able to get schoolchildren home over swamped roads.
The threat of dangerous weather jangled nerves a day after the three-year anniversary of a historic outbreak of more than 60 tornadoes that killed more than 250 people across Alabama on April 27, 2011.
George Grabryan, director of emergency management for Florence and Lauderdale County in northwest Alabama, said 16 shelters opened before storms even moved in and people were calling nervously with questions about the weather.
"There's a lot of sensitivity up here," Grabryan said. "I've got a stack of messages here from people, many of them new to the area, wanting to know where the closest shelters are."
Photos: Aftermath of storms' destruction.
|A demolished car sits on North Gloster Street across from what remains of a Shell gas station in Tupelo, Miss, after a tornado touched down on Monday, April 28, 2014.
|Elquin Gonzalez, owner of the Texaco gas station and quick stop on North Gloster Street in Tupelo, Miss. begins cleaning up his business after a tornado touched down on Monday, April 28, 2014.
|Residents survey damage along a street in Tupelo, Miss., Monday, April 28, 2014.
|Walker stands on the roof of a victims' home while searching through the rubble of destroyed houses a day after a tornado hit the town of Vilonia.


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Export 4 results:Author [ Type] Year
Filters: Author is Annelinde E. Buikema [Clear All Filters]
Conference Abstract
"Simultaneous T2/diffusion estimation: do we need a diffusion time dependent diffusion model?", 10th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM Benelux Chapter. Antwerp, Belgium, 2018.,
"Optimal design of a blended diffusion/relaxometry experiment", 36th Annual Scientific Meeting of the ESMRMB. Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 2019.,
"Effect of diffusion time dependence on parameter estimation in the clinical time frame: a simulation study using PGSE", 11th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM Benelux Chapter. Leiden, the Netherlands, 2019.,
"Diffusion time dependence in the mid-time regime: a simulation study using PGSE.", 27th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM. Montreal, Canada, 2019.,


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Using Microsoft Windows 10 Training in Plantation
Enroll in or hire us to teach our Using Microsoft Windows 10 class in Plantation, Florida by calling us @303.377.6176. Like all HSG classes, Using Microsoft Windows 10 may be offered either onsite or via instructor led virtual training. Consider looking at our public training schedule to see if it is scheduled: Public Training Classes
Provided there are enough attendees, Using Microsoft Windows 10 may be taught at one of our local training facilities.
We offer private customized training for groups of 3 or more attendees.
Course Description
| In this course, you will explore Windows 10 and learn how to create
documents, send email, browse the Internet, and share information
between applications and with other users...You will: Access Windows
10... Use Windows apps and desktop applications to complete day-to-day
tasks, including installing new apps and multitasking with multiple
programs... Work with files and folders by using File Explorer and
OneDrive... Use Cortana as your virtual personal assistant and use Edge
for web browsing... Customize the Windows 10 environment... Install and
remove printers and peripheral devices. Use Windows 10 security features
to create more secure passwords and protect your device against common attacks.
Course Length: 1 Days
Course Tuition: $250 (US)
|This course is intended for computer users who want to use the basic tools and features of Windows 10. Previous exposure to personal computers, desktop applications, and the Internet is needed.
Course Outline
Lesson 1: Accessing Windows 10
Topic A: Get Started with Windows 10
Topic B: Navigate the Windows 10 Desktop
Topic C: Use the Start Menu
Lesson 2: Using Windows Universal Apps and Desktop Applications
Topic A: Use Desktop Applications
Topic B: Use Windows Universal Apps
Topic C: Multitask with Open Apps
Topic D: Install Apps from Windows Store
Lesson 3: Working with Files and Folders
Topic A: Manage Files and Folders with File Explorer
Topic B: Store and Share Files with OneDrive
Lesson 4: Using Cortana and Edge
Topic A: Get to Know Cortana
Topic B: Use Cortana as a Personal Assistant
Topic C: Browse the Web with Edge
Lesson 5: Customizing the Windows 10 Environment
Topic A: Customize the Start Menu
Topic B: Customize the Desktop and Lock Screen
Lesson 6: Installing and Removing Devices
Topic A: Manage Printers
Topic B: Manage Peripheral Devices
Lesson 7: Using Windows 10 Security Features
Topic A: Manage Passwords and Privacy Levels
Topic B: Use Windows Defender
Appendix A: Getting to Know Personal Computers
Appendix B: Other Windows 10 Features
Appendix C: Continuum Navigation
Appendix D: Get Started App
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Jurisdiction , ECCLESIASTICAL, the right to guide and rule the Church of God. The subject is here treated under the following heads: I. General Concept and Classification of Jurisdiction; II. Development of Jurisdiction in its strict sense; III. Present Scope of Jurisdiction in its strict sense.
I. GENERAL CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATION OF JURISDICTION.—The Church founded by Christ for the salvation of men needs, like every society, a regulating power (the authority of the Church). This power Christ has bestowed upon it. Directly before His Ascension He gave to the Apostles collectively the commission, and with it the authority, to proclaim His doctrine to all nations, to baptize them, and to teach them to observe all things that He had commanded (Matt., xxviii, 18 sqq.). It may be noted here that the Decree "Lamentabili sane", of July 3, 1907, rejects (n. 52 sqq.) the doctrine that Christ did not desire to found a permanent, unchangeable Church endowed with authority. It is customary to speak of a threefold office of the Church: the office of teaching (prophetic office), the priestly office, and the pastoral office (governing office), also, therefore, of the threefold authority of the Church, that is, the teaching authority, ministerial authority, and ruling authority. Since, however, the teaching of the Church is authoritative, the teaching authority is traditionally included in the ruling authority; regularly, therefore, only the ministerial authority and the ruling authority are distinguished. By ministerial authority, which is conferred by an act of consecration, is meant the inward, and, because of its indelible character, permanent capacity to perform acts by which Divine grace is transmitted. By ruling authority, which is conferred by the Church (missio canonica, canonical mission), is understood the authority to guide and rule the Church of God.
Jurisdiction, in so far as it covers the relations of man to God, is called jurisdiction of the internal forum or jurisdiction of the forum of Heaven (jurisdictio poll). (See Ecclesiastical Forum.) This again is either sacramental or penitential, so far as it is used in the Sacrament of Penance, or extra-sacramental, e.g. in granting dispensations from private vows. Jurisdiction, in so far as it regulates external ecclesiastical relations, is called jurisdiction of the external forum, or briefly jurisdictio fori. This jurisdiction, the actual power of ruling is legislative, judicial, or coactive. Jurisdiction can be possessed in varying degrees. It can also be held either for both fora, or for the internal forum only, e.g. by the parish priest. Jurisdiction can be further subdivided into: ordinary, quasi-ordinary, and delegated jurisdiction. Ordinary jurisdiction is that which is permanently bound, by Divine or human law, with a permanent ecclesiastical office. Its possessor is called an ordinary judge. By Divine law the pope has such ordinary jurisdiction for the entire Church and a bishop for his diocese. By human law this jurisdiction is possessed by the cardinals, officials of the Curia and the congregations of cardinals, the patriarchs, primates, metropolitans, archbishops, the proelati nullius, and prelates with quasi-episcopal jurisdiction, the chapters of orders, or, respectively, the heads of orders, cathedral chapters in reference to their own affairs, the archdiaconate in the Middle Ages, and parish priests in the internal forum. If, however, jurisdiction is permanently connected with an office, but the office itself is not perpetual and irrevocable, the jurisdiction is said to be quasi-ordinary, or jurisdictio vivaria. This form of jurisdiction is possessed, for example, by a vicar-general. Temporary exercise of ordinary and quasi-ordinary jurisdiction can be granted, in varying degrees, to another as representative, without conferring on him an office properly so called. In this transient form jurisdiction is called delegated or extraordinary, and concerning it canon law, following the Roman law, has developed exhaustive provisions. This development began when the popes, especially since Alexander III (1159-81), found themselves obliged, by the enormous mass of legal business which came to them from all sides as the "indices ordinarii omnium" to hand over, with proper instruction, a large number of cases to third parties for decision, especially in matters of contentious jurisdiction.
Delegated jurisdiction rests either on a special authorization of the holders of ordinary jurisdiction (delegatio ab homine), or on a general law (delegatio a lege, a jure, a canone). Thus, the Council of Trent transferred a number of papal rights to the bishops "tanquam Apostolicae Sedis delegate", i.e. as delegates of the Apostolic See (Sess. VI, De ref., c. ii, iii, etc.), and "etiam tanquam Apostolicae Sedis delegati", i.e. also as delegates of the Apostolic See (Sess. VI, De ref., c. iv, etc.). In the first class of cases bishops do not possess ordinary jurisdiction. The meaning of the second expression is disputed, but it is generally taken as purely cumulative. If the delegation applies to one or several designated cases only, it is special delegation. If, however, it applies to an entire class of subjects, it is then general delegation or delegation for the universality of causes. Delegated jurisdiction for the total of a number of matters is known as delegatio mandata. Only those can be appointed delegates who are competent to execute the delegation. For an act of consecration the delegate must have himself the necessary sacred orders. For acts of jurisdiction he must be an ecclesiastic, though the pope could also delegate a layman. Papal delegation is usually conferred only on ecclesiastical dignitaries or canons (c. xi, in VI°, De rescript., I, iii; Council of Trent, Sess. XXV, De ref., c. x). The delegate must be twenty years old, but eighteen years suffices for one appointed by the pope (c. xli, X, De off. jud. deleg., I, xxix). He must also be free from excommunication (c. xxiv, X, De sent. et re jud., II, xxvii). Those placed under the jurisdiction of the delegator must submit to the delegation (c. xxviii, X, De off. jud. deleg., I, xxix). Delegation for one matter can also be conferred here to be made is whether they have to act jointly and severally (collegiately), jointly but individually (solidarity), or solidarily at least in some given case (c. xvi, xxi, X, De off. jud. deleg., I, xxix; c. viii, in VI°, h.t. I, xiv). The delegate is to follow exactly his instructions. He is, however, empowered to do all that is necessary to execute them (c. v, vii, viii, xi, xxi, xxvi, xxviii, X, De off. jud. deleg., I, xxix). If he exceed his power, his act is null (c. xxxvii, X, De off. jud. deleg., I, xxix). When necessary the delegate can himself delegate, i.e. sub-delegate, a qualified person; he can do this especially if he is a papal delegate (c. iii, xxviii, X, De off. jud. deleg., I, xxix), or if he has received permission, or if he has been delegated for a number of cases (Gloss to "Delegatus", C. lxii, X, De appell., II, xxviii). Since delegation constitutes a new court appeal can be taken from the delegate to the delegator, and in the case of subdelegation to the original delegator (c. xxvii, X, De off. jud. deleg., I, xxix). Delegated jurisdiction expires on the death of the delegate, in case the commission were not issued in view of the permanence of his office, on the loss of office or the death of the delegator, in case the delegate has not acted (re adhuc integra, the matter being still intact), on recall of his authority by the delegator (even re adhuc nondum integra, the matter being no longer intact), on expiration of the allotted time, on settlement of the matter, on declaration of the delegate that he has no power (c. xiv, xix, iv, xxxviii, X, De off. jud. deleg., I, xxix).
II. DEVELOPMENT OF JURISDICTION IN ITS STRICT SENSE.—The Church has the right, as a perfect and independent society provided with all the means for attaining its end, to decide according to its laws disputes arising concerning its internal affairs, especially as to the ecclesiastical rights of its members, also to carry out its decision, if necessary, by suitable means of compulsion, contentious or civil jurisdiction. It has, therefore, the right to admonish or warn its members, ecclesiastical or lay, who have not conformed to its laws, and also, if needful to punish them by physical means, that is, coercive jurisdiction. The church has, first, the power to judge sin. This it does in the internal forum. But a sin can be at the same time externally a misdemeanor or a crime (delictum, crimen), when threatened with external ecclesiastical or civil punishment. The Church also judges ecclesiastical crimes in the external forum by infliction of penalties, except when the wrongdoing has remained secret. In this case it contents itself, as a rule, with penance voluntarily assumed. Finally, another distinction is to be drawn between necessary jurisdiction and voluntary jurisdiction; the latter contemplates voluntary subjection on the part of those who seek in legal matters the cooperation of ecclesiastical agencies, e.g. notarially executed instruments, testaments, etc. The judicial power described above, jurisdiction strictly so called, was given by Christ to His Church, was exercised by the Apostles, and transmitted to their successors (Matt., xviii, 15 sqq.; I Cor., iv, 21; v, 1 sqq.; vi, 1 sqq.; II Cor., xiii, 10; I Tim., i, 20; v, 19 sq.).
From the beginning of the Christian religion the ecclesiastical judge, i.e. the bishop, decided matters of dispute that were purely religious in character (causoe mere ecclesiasticoe). This jurisdiction of the Church was recognized by the civil (imperial) power when it became Christian. But long before this the early Christians, following the exhortation of Saint Paul (I Cor., vi, 14), were wont to submit to ecclesiastical jurisdiction matters which by their nature belonged to the civil courts. As long as Christianity was not recognized by the State, it was left to the conscience of the individual whether he would conform to the decision of the bishop or not. When, however, Christianity had received civil recognition, Constantine the Great raised the former private usage to a public law. According to an imperial constitution of the year 321 the parties in dispute could, by mutual agreement, bring the matter before the bishop even when it was already pending before a civil judge, and the latter was obliged to put into effect the decision of the bishop. A further constitution of 331 provided that in any stage of the suit any one of the parties could appeal to the bishop even against the will of the others (Hänel, "De constitutionibus, quas F. Sirmondus, Paris, an. 1631 edidit,"1840). But Arcadius, in 398, and Honorius, in 408, limited the judicial competence of the bishop to those cases in which both parties applied to him (lex VII, Cod. Just., De audientia episc., I, iv). This arbitral jurisdiction of the bishop was not recognized in the new Teutonic kingdoms. In the Frankish kingdoms purely ecclesiastical matters of dispute belonged to the jurisdiction of the bishop, but mixed cases, in which civil interests appeared, e.g. marriage questions, law suits concerning Church property, etc., belonged to the civil courts.
In the course of the Middle Ages the Church succeeded in extending its jurisdiction over all matters that offered an ecclesiastical interest (causoe spiritualibus annexoe), all litigation concerning marriages (c. vii, X, Qui filii sint legit., IV, xvii; c. vii, X, De donat., IV, xx); matters concerning burial (X, De sepult., III, xxviii); testaments (X, De testam., III, xxvi); compacts ratified with an oath (c. iii, in VI°, De foro compet., II, ii); matters pertaining to benefices (c. ii, X, De suppl. neglig. praelat., I, x); questions of patronage (X, De jur. patron., III, xxxviii); litigation concerning church property and tithes (X, De decim., III, xxx). In addition all civil litigation in which the element of sin was in question (ratio peccati) could be summoned before an ecclesiastical court (c. xiii, X, De judic., II, i).
Also, the ecclesiastical court had jurisdiction over the affairs of ecclesiastics, monks, and nuns, the poor, widows, and orphans (personoe miserabiles), also of those persons to whom the civil judge refused legal redress (c. xi, X, De foro compet., II, ii). Owing to the unsatisfactory administration of justice in the medieval world this far-reaching civil jurisdiction of the Church was beneficial. However, it eventually overlapped the natural boundaries of Church and State. The result was that the ecclesiastic became too much involved in secular litigation and grew estranged from his proper calling. For these reasons, but further also for selfish ones, a reaction against this condition of affairs arose in England as early as the twelfth century. The reaction spread to France and Germany and gained in influence and justification the more the administration of justice by the State improved. At the end of the long vicissitudinous struggle the Church lost its jurisdiction in res spiritualibus annexal, notwithstanding the claims of the Council of Trent (Sess. XXIII, De ref., c. vi; sess. XXIV, De sacr. matr., can. xii; sess. XXV, De ref., c. xx), also the privilege of the clergy, and finally jurisdiction in matrimonial causes as far as their civil character was concerned.
In regard to ecclesiastical jurisdiction in criminal matters the Church exercised jurisdiction at first only in purely ecclesiastical offenses, and inflicted only ecclesiastical punishments, e.g. excommunication, and in the case of clerics deposition. The observance of these penalties had to be left to the conscience of the individual. But with the formal recognition of the Church by the State and the increase of ecclesiastical penalties proportioned to the increase of ecclesiastical offenses, came an appeal from the Church to the secular arm for aid in enforcing the said penalties, which aid was always willingly granted. Some offenses, indeed, especially deviations from the Catholic Faith, were by the State made punishable in civil law and secular penalties were attached to them, also to certain disciplinary misdemeanors of ecclesiastics (Cod. Just., lib. I, tit. v, De haeret. et manich.; tit. vii, De Apost.; tit. ix, De jud. et coelic.). Conversely, the Church in the Middle Ages increased its penal jurisdiction in the civil domain by infliction of varied penalties, some of them purely secular in character. Above all, by means of the privilegium fori it withdrew the so-called "criminous clerks" from the jurisdiction of the civil courts. Then it obtained for the court held by the bishop during his diocesan visitation (the send) not only the punishment of those civil misdemeanors which involved the element of sin and consequently affected both Church and State, but it also punished, and as such, purely civil offenses. The penal jurisdiction of the medieval Church included, therefore, first the merely ecclesiastical offenses, e.g. heresy, schism, apostasy, etc.; then the merely civil offenses; finally the mixed offenses, e.g. sins of the flesh, sacrilege, blasphemy, magic, perjury, usury, etc. In punishing offenses of a purely ecclesiastical character the Church disposed unreservedly of the aid of the State for the execution of the penalty. When in the aforesaid send, or court held by the bishop during his visitation, it inflicted punishment on the civil offenses of the laity, the penalty, as a rule, was enforced by the count (graf) who accompanied the bishop and represented the civil power. The principle prevailed later that an offense already punished by a secular judge was no longer punishable by the ecclesiastical judge (c. ii, in VI°, De except., II, xii). When the send began to disappear, both ecclesiastical and secular judges were in general held equally competent for mixed offenses. Prevention (previous adjudication of the case by one judge or the other) was decisive (c. viii, X, De foro compet., II, ii). If the matter were brought before the ecclesiastical judge he inflicted at the same time the civil penalty, not, however, corporal punishment or death. If the accusation was brought before the secular judge, the civil penalty was inflicted by him and the action of the Church was limited to the imposition of a penance. The Church, however, eventually lost by far the greater part of its criminal jurisdiction for the same reasons which, since the end of the Middle Ages, led to the loss of most of its contentious jurisdiction, and in the same manner. Moreover, from the fifteenth century on, the recursus ab abusu which first arose in France (appel comme d'abus), that is the appeal from an abuse of power by an ecclesiastical authority, did much to weaken and discredit ecclesiastical jurisdiction.
III. PRESENT SCOPE OF JURISDICTION IN A STRICT SENSE.—Today the only objects of contentious ecclesiastical jurisdiction (in which jurisdiction, however, the State often takes part or interferes) are: questions of faith, the administration of the sacraments, particularly the contracting and maintenance of marriage, the holding of church services, the creation and modification of benefices, the appointment to and the vacation of ecclesiastical offices, the rights of beneficed ecclesiastics as such, the ecclesiastical rights and duties of patrons, the ecclesiastical rights and duties of religious, the administration of church property. As to the criminal jurisdiction of the Church it now inflicts on the laity only ecclesiastical penalties, and solely for ecclesiastical offenses. If ever civil consequences ensue, only the civil authority can take cognizance of them. As regards ecclesiastics, the power of the Church to punish their disciplinary offenses and maladministration of their offices, is everywhere acknowledged by the State. Where Church and State are not separated, the State aids in investigating these offenses, as well as in executing the canonically rendered decisions of the Church. As to the civil offenses of ecclesiastics, ecclesiastical jurisdiction carries with it no secular consequences, though the Church is free to punish such offenses by ecclesiastical penalties. According to the Bull "Apostolicae Sedis moderationi" (October 12, 1869), those persons fall under the excommunication reserved to the pope speciali modo, who directly or indirectly hinder the exercise of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the external forum or in the internal forum, as well as those who appeal from ecclesiastical to civil jurisdiction; finally every legislator or person in authority who directly or indirectly compels a judge to cite ecclesiastical persons before a civil tribunal (I, vi, vii, viii). It may be added that in various concordats with the civil power the Church has more or less abandoned The privilegium fori of ecclesiastics: Concordat with Bavaria, 1817, art. XII, lit. c. (concerning civil litigation); with Costa Rica, 1853, art. XIV, XV; with Guatemala, 1853, art. XV, XVI; with Austria, 1855, art. XIII, XIV; with Würtemberg and Baden, 1857 and


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Two-Year, Associate Degree Programs
Policy 301.12, approved by the Montana Board of Regents in May 2005, sets out the guidelines and expectations for certificate and associate degree programs in the Montana University System.
Three kinds of two-year, associate degree programs are recognized by the MUS: an Associate of Arts degree, an Associate of Science degree and an Associate of Applied Science degree. The Certificate of Applied Science credential, offered at some units of the Montana University System, is very much like the Associate of Applied Science degree described below, but with fewer technical credits and substantially fewer general education credits.
The Associate of Arts and Associate of Science degrees are designed for students who want to transfer to a four-year degree program.
- They contain a significant amount of general education coursework; and once the degree is awarded, students are not required to take additional general education classes at the 100- or 200-level when they transfer to another campus.
- These degrees typically do not include a designated or specialized field of study. In other words, students completing the degree would not receive an Associate of Science degree in Business or Computer Technology, but just an Associate of Science degree.
- The degree includes enough free or elective credits, however, to permit students to concentrate their coursework in a particular discipline or field. Hopefully, those courses will satisfy some of the freshman and sophomore-level requirements in a four-year, bachelor's degree.
- A small number of Associate of Arts and Associate of Science degrees in the Montana University System DO include a designated field of study (the most common example is the Associate of Science degree in Nursing). Students need to be aware that those specialized two-year programs do not include a significant number of general education credits and the degree will probably not satisfy the general education requirements set out in Policy 301.10, subsection II. D.
The Associate of Applied Science (A.A.S.) degree is not designed for students who want to transfer, with one exception . The degree is ordinarily considered a terminal degree, and is intended to prepare students for immediate employment, usually in a technical or occupational field.
- The A.A.S. degree includes a designated field of study, such as Surgical Technology or Plumbing.
- Approximately two-thirds of the classes are devoted to a technical or occupational field, with minimal general education coursework.
- Students who decide to work on a four-year degree after completing an A.A.S. degree will have their coursework analyzed, on a class-by-class basis, to see how it fits into the bachelor's degree program. Some classes may satisfy the specific requirements of a major, minor, option or certificate, or fulfill some part of the general education program. But since the A.A.S. degree is not meant to be a transferable degree, students should not be surprised if most classes are accepted just as free or elective credits.
- The exception: The following four-year campuses in the Montana University System have designed a four-year, Bachelor of Applied Science degree that uses the Associate of Applied Science degree as the first two years of coursework for the bachelor's degree:


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Bob Kelly Abreu or "Bobby" was born on March 11, 1974, in Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela. He is a professional Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder player that was playing for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. Abreu is nicknamed as "El Comedulce" and also "La Luche" and a two-time All-Star, won a Gold Glove Award and a Silver Slugger Award.
Bobby Abreu was signed by the Houston Astros as an amateur free agent in 1990 and he debuted in MLB on September 1, 1996 for the Houston Astros. Abreu played for the Houston Astros in 1996 to 1997, but traded to Philadelphia Phillies which he began playing in 1998 to 2006. He was traded again to the New York Yankees and played for two seasons (2006 to 2008).
Leading the league games was one of his greatest achievements. Bobby Abreu was major league leader in defense among active players in outfield assists. Abreu is also one of the active ballplayers in doubles, third in walks, at stolen bases he was in sixth and he was ninth in on-base percentage. He is also famous for his plate discipline when he led the American League in 2009 by his percent in pitches.
Bobby Abreu Awards and Recognition
- 1996 Houston Astros Minor League Player of the Year
- 1999 Venezuelan Winter League All-Star OF
- 1999 Venezuelan Winter League Player of the Year
- 1999 Philadelphia Phillies Player of the Year
- 2000 Philadelphia Phillies Player of the Year
- 2001 Philadelphia Phillies Player of the Year
- 2004 NL Silver Slugger Award (OF)
- 2004 MLB All-Star
- 2005 NL Player of the Month (April)
- 2005 NL Gold Glove Award (OF)
- 2005 MLB All-Star
- 2005 Winner of the Home Run Derby at the MLB All-Star game.
- 2009 AL Player of the Month (July)
You can see Bobby Abreu and the the rest of the Los Angels Angels when you purchase Angels Tickets from Barrys Tickets.com. We stock all Angels Games at Angels Stadium as well as all Angels Road Games.


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"Many years before there was a space program my father had a favorite quotation: 'He who would bring back the wealth of the Indies must take the wealth of the Indies with him.' This we have done. We have taken to the moon the wealth of this nation, the vision of its political leaders, the intelligence of its scientists, the dedication of its engineers, the careful craftsmanship of its workers and the enthusiastic support of its people. We have brought back rocks and I think it's a fair trade...
"During the flight of Apollo 11, in the constant sunlight between the earth and the moon, it was necessary for us to control the temperature of our space craft by a slow rotation not unlike that of a chicken on a barbeque spit. As we turned, the earth and the moon alternately appeared in our windows. We had our choice. We could look toward the moon, toward Mars, toward our future in space -- toward the new Indies -- or we could look back toward the earth, our home, with its problems spawned over more than a millennium of human occupancy.
"We looked both ways. We saw both, and I think that is what our nation must do."
"[T]his nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth."


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Chat Home
Welcome to Baseball Prospectus' Tuesday May 15, 2012 1:00 PM ET chat session with Paul Sporer.
Spend your afternoon getting acquainted with the newest addition to the BP Fantasy team.
Paul Sporer: Welcome to my debut chat at BP! We've got day baseball with Strasburg and sweet, sweet Jason Marquis on the hill!
Natty Bumpo (NH): What's the floor for Pujols. J.Montero/M.Moore for Albert?
Paul Sporer: I would still want more. If someone is willing to trade for him, that means they believe he will come back (and I do, too) so I don't want a pair of rookies, especially one is struggling mightily right now in Moore.
Guancous (Silver Spring, MD): Welcome to BP! Will your exhaustive annual fantasy pitching guide become exclusive content for subscribers?
Paul Sporer: Not to my knowledge. It will continue to be available at paulsporer.com. I'll always be looking for ways to make it better each year, too. This year had fewer players, but much more thorough capsules as well as the addition of projections. Not sure what 2013 has in store.
josh (seattle): Everth Cabrera? NL only. Need steals. Worth a pickup? Wait til this legal mess clears up? Thanks
Paul Sporer: I'd probably just wait unless it's a really deep NL where you can stash and there is literally nothing else of merit on the wire.
Natty Bumpo (NH): Trout and everyday starter in an OF w Swisher, Heyward, Alonso, Stanton, Dirks. Can only start 3.
Paul Sporer: Heyward, Stanton are the constants, but then Trout & Swisher fighting for the third spot depending on team needs. Swisher will out-power Trout, Trout will out-run him, of course.
LoyalRoyal (Kansas): Do you know what's going on with Mike Leake this season? While I didn't expect him to a world beater, I also didn't anticipate him pitching like Royals starter either.
Paul Sporer: I, too, expected more. He's just too hittable and he doesn't have great stuff to counteract it. He needs to improve his command. He isn't wild and out of the zone, but he's actually in the zone too much and throwing meatballs.
19braves77 (Pensacola, FL): How patient should I be with Lincy ?
Paul Sporer: Pretty patient, even in the shallowest of leagues. The strikeout rate remains sky-high and the 3.40 xFIP tells you that you can expect more going forward. If you get a fair trade offer, that's fine, but don't cut your losses and sell low.
Steve (Dallas): Who do you like better long-term, Wil Myers or Jurickson Profar?
Paul Sporer: Profar, though I think both will be very good. Profar has the positional scarcity edge on Myers. Myers, fully healthy, is showing his potential so far this year. He's a beast.
LoyalRoyal (Kansas): Do you know any baseballs prayers that will help the Royals staff like "Spahn and Sain and pray for rain"? It's become a greek tradegy at this point. Any signs of hope for this season's staff? Anything? Throw us a crumb? lol
Paul Sporer: Duffy going down was a crushser. Focus on Hos, Mous & Myers in the heart of the late-2013 lineup and beyond. By the way, I know Hosmer has been a disaster this year so far, but I'm not worried. Maybe Odorizzi and Ventura will be what Montgomery and Lamb were supposed to be, though I wouldn't write them off, either. Patience... yes, even more than KC fans have already displayed.
Kingpin (Grinnell, IA): Standard 5x5 scoring, 8-team, NL-only keeper league. $260 annual auction budget, 8 keepers per team. I'm currently in 1st place on the strength of my offense. My Bryce Harper (likely to be kept at $16 next year, $20 in 2014, & $28 in 2015) for Kershaw (who cannot be kept after this season). I have Braun, CarGo, and Stanton as other OF. Do I make the deal?
Paul Sporer: Yes, go for the title, as long as an impact SP will help the team. You're in 1st, don't sweat keepers for next year.
Newt (Long way from first): Let's start off the chat easy. Bartlett or Bartman?? My NL only team is in big trouble and needing some SS help. Is there anybody to be watching for and how much longer with the Bartlett saga continue?
Paul Sporer: Bartlett is definitely struggling especially with 0 SB. Scutaro out there? It's barren. Perhaps trade from strength to shore up your SS.
Jerome (T Hills): When will we see Wily Peralta and Drew Pomeranz back up this year and what can we expect out of them?
Paul Sporer: Estrada's been really good so no need for Peralta right now. Pomeranz facing the same issue with Friedrich looking excellent in his first two starts. I think we would see the normal ups and downs of rookies if/when both come back up. Nothing special immediately.
Frank (MA): Friedrich the new Price?
Paul Sporer: I wouldn't go that far. Remember this is a guy who lost most of his prospect stock coming into this year after two 5.00-ERA seasons at AA. Keep in mind he's faced two poor offenses (SD and SF) in their favorable home parks. He has re-committed himself to his craft and the gains are real, but let's get him some more MLB work before putting him as high as Price.
Tony (OKC): How do you see Dan Haren performing for the rest of the year? Is there something wrong or is this just a bad couple of starts strung together?
Paul Sporer: His back is bothering him hence the poor outings against two would-be favorable matchups. I think a DL stint might be in order to get him back on track. I think it's all related to that and a healthy Haren will be excellent.
Paul (DC): After last season, only the diehardest of Mets fans would have been willing to predict the bounce back David Wright's experiencing (so far).
Any guesses on what his season ending stat line will resemble?
Any explanation, other than small sample size, for his sizzling first fifth of the season?
Paul Sporer: He's a star player and as Ron Shandler says, once you display a skill, you own it. He finally appears back at 100% across the board and the performance backs that up. I think he ends the year around .320, 24 HR, 95 RBI, 11 SB.
Johhny Dills (NJ): When will Moore do something besides break my balls?
Paul Sporer: When he starts commanding the way we expected with him. I'll defer to episode 3 of our podcast where Jason Collette discusses his issues at length - http://www.baseballprospectus.com/article.php?articleid=16896
Tony (OKC): Any thoughts on Jarrod Parker so far? Shiny ERA but the peripheral's aren't so pretty.
Paul Sporer: I still like him to be a solid contributor. I suspect he will get better as the season goes on and that the home park in OAK covers a lot of mistakes. The control has been shaky his last two outings, but he has survived because neither TOR nor DET took full advantage. He won't be so lucky if he continues that. I see a 3.60ish ERA, mid-1.20s WHIP and plenty of Ks.
Jerome (T Hills): Where do you sit on this trade Adam Dunn, Mark Trumbo, and Brandon McCarthy for Michael Cuddyer and Martin Prado?
Paul Sporer: I'll take the first side.
Jerome (T Hills): Good chat! How do you think the season goes for Scott Rolen? Are we at the end now?
Paul Sporer: Pretty much at the end, especially from a fantasy-relevant standpoint. The health concerns that impacted him throughout his career have a bigger impact at this age as his bat continues to slow down.
Matt (clearwater): Where do you see Beachy's numbers ending up? Is he a sell high?
Paul Sporer: I would sell high if I could, but it'd really have to be a sell high like getting someone like a Wainwright, Garza, any of the 3 SF guys, Zimmermann, Gallardo or Greinke. I don't think he'd draw the Philly 3, Kershaw or Strasburg. I see Beachy around 3.20 ERA, 1.23 WHIP. The Ks are down from last year, but he should probably still finish around 7-7.5 K/9.
Paul Sporer: Bartlett is definitely struggling especially with 0 SB. Scutaro out there? It's barren. Perhaps trade from strength to shore up your SS.
Christopher (Tennessee): Speaking of risky contracts, the Yankees still owe Teixeira five years and $100 million (including this year). Is it as bad as it looks from here?
Paul Sporer: Ya, $22.5 mil per year for he has become is a bit worrisome. The shift is eating up his batting average, but he's still a big time power producer. I think he will remain a mid-30s HR producer. The key for me is getting back to the 85-90 BB level. With the lowered AVG, his BB need to rise maintain his OBP.
Paul (DC): In the Halls of BP Justice, does Maury Brown ever get accidentally taken for Maury Chase (and then per the old Monty Python bit get hit about the head shoulders with a large fish)?
Paul Sporer: Hahahaha, no he doesn't. Everyone recognizes Brown's greatness.
Marlow Green (The lonesome crowded west): I'm in a deep NL keeper league and picked up Capuano and McDonald for $1 each at the end of the auction. Of the two guys, which one should I sell high on? Or should I just sit back and enjoy the ride?
Paul Sporer: I'd probably enjoy the ride with both, but I'd sell Capuano before McDonald.
Renfei (DC): How much do you buy into the good start by James McDonald?
Paul Sporer: A lot. I've been a long-time believer in McDonald. His command has finally improved. After low K totals in his first 3 outings, he has really amped them up in the last four outings. I think we could finally see a full-fledged breakout.
bretsayre (NJ): Hey Paul - enjoying your first chat. Has Jeff Niemann showed enough so far this year for you to keep him tucked away in one of five bench spots on a 16-team mixed league (DL spot is occupied) until he returns from this injury?
Paul Sporer: Thanks, Bret. I appreciate it. I would hold Niemann for the time being, but he would probably be my first cut if I got into a situation where I needed that roster spot. My guess he'd be scooped by someone with an open DL spot if you released him.
Pablo (NJ): I'm also in a deep NL only league. who gets the call first, Bauer or Arenado?
Paul Sporer: Pure guess: Bauer, but he has some things to iron out before getting his call unless Arizona's needs dictate otherwise in short order. I've always thought Arenado would spend most of '12 in the minors barring just an insane performance (>1.000 OPS). I wasn't sure why he was being drafted in some non-keeper leagues.
Natty Bumpo (NH): Swisher vs W. Chen. Trout vs Colon? Who starts? And thank you for your answers etc
Paul Sporer: I'd take the hitter in both instances. You're welcome.
Jerome (T Hills): When can we expect Chris Young and Michael Morse back to full speed?
Paul Sporer: Young is headed back rather soon as he is already out on a rehab session. Morse is a good bit further away. I think early June is the best case. Plan for mid-June and be happy with anything ahead of that.
Tony (OKC): Robbie Erlin is doing his thing again. 12.0 K/9 and 2.7 BB/9 in AA. What do you think his peripherals will look like in The Show and is he a September call up?
Paul Sporer: I am a huge Erlin fan. I think he could be an 8ish K/9 with 2.0ish BB/9. The trade to SD and Petco only made me like him that much more. Huge, huge fan of his.
Pablo (NJ): any chance we see Ian Stewart become a decent regular with the Cubs?
Paul Sporer: I think that ship has sailed. Some guys just fail. Andy Marte, Brandon Wood, Dallas McPherson... without the name and hype, we'd have forgotten about them long ago. Sometimes we (we being the baseball community) get it wrong.
AJ (Schnecksville, PA): What is reasonable to expect for Hamels on the open market. 7 for 160 or could the dodgers are another "mystery team" trump that offer. Any chance at all he re signs with the phils
Paul Sporer: I don't really see the Phils being able to pull it off, but ya never know. I think we won't really know about mystery teams and reasonable figures for him until the season is done. He's going to get paid and paid a lot.
tommybones (new york): Does Allen Craig eventually force himself into the 2B equation? The guy needs to be in the lineup every day.
Paul Sporer: If necessary, but Jay's injury opens an outfield spot. I think he'll get his ABs, but the Wrench (his amazing nickname... hat tip to Cory Schwartz who I first heard it from) will play.
will.I.ain't (roaming): Looking back at recent concussions in MLB, what does the near future look like for Chase d'Arnaud. He seemed close, but since his concussion he is not hitting.
Paul Sporer: It can be a long road back. I think sometimes we assume if a guy is on the field, he's 100% and should be performing as such, but of course that's not always true. It's only been a few games with d'Arnaud for this year, so let's give him some time.
Lesson Learned (jokesville): As a cub fan, I taunted my league mate and cardinal fan with a Bryan LaHair for Pujols offer. He actually accepted it. Should I be happy or sad?
Paul Sporer: Happy. You get all of Pujols' good and he gets all of LaHair's evening out. I think LaHair will end up with a solid season, but nowhere near .356 AVG and probably closer to 30-33 HR than the 41 he's on pace for right now.
Don Zilla (NYC): thoughts on Adam Dunn's resurgence and expections ROS?
Paul Sporer: I buy it. I bought in before the season. I think he'll be back to Dunnian levels: 38-42 HR with .240-.260 AVG... anything more would be a welcomed bonus.
Tony (OKC): Do you like Jacob Turner's future? The BB% and GB% are nice but the K's aren't coming a long as often as hoped. Is he a mid-rotation guy (something akin to Porcello) in a year or two?
Paul Sporer: I do like his future. I think he will be more than Porcello, but less than a #1. I think we could see his K numbers rise once in the bigs a la Bumgarner. By the way, I think Porcello still has a lot room for growth. Remember that he's just 23 years old.
Dan (Brooklyn): Don't you think there's some level of hypocrisy involved in BPro championing advanced metrics and then spending so much of its time/resources providing "insight" into saves/AVG/RBI-based fantasy games?
Paul Sporer: No I don't think it's any hypocrisy. There aren't a lot of advanced stat leagues out there. Spending time and resources on wOBA leagues or WAR leagues would make much sense since it's such a niche market in the fantasy game right now. Instead, we use the advanced metrics to identify the best players for those SV/AVG/RBI leagues. Identifying highly skills players with the best chances to succeed in those context-based categories.
sitdancer (DC): Give me your dream line-up of players younger than 25 (thinking about long-term success and using both current major and minor league players).
Paul Sporer: C - Santana, 1B - Hosmer (yes, even with struggles), 2B - Altuve/Ackley (cheated because I really love both), SS - Castro (Andrus if you're talking *real* baseball where D matters), 3B - Lawrie, OF - Stanton, Trout, Harper, DH - Bruce
SP - Kershaw, Felix, Strasburg, Darvish and Holland
Paul Sporer: Thanks everybody for dropping by. Look forward to doing it again sometime soon. Sorry we all got coal for Strasmas.
Major League Baseball trademarks and copyrights are used with permission of MLB Advanced Media, L.P. All rights reserved.Copyright © 1996-2023 Baseball Prospectus, LLC.


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Developing Linux Device Drivers (LFD430) Training in Virginia Beach
Enroll in or hire us to teach our Developing Linux Device Drivers (LFD430) class in Virginia Beach, Virginia by calling us @303.377.6176. Like all HSG classes, Developing Linux Device Drivers (LFD430) may be offered either onsite or via instructor led virtual training. Consider looking at our public training schedule to see if it is scheduled: Public Training Classes
Provided there are enough attendees, Developing Linux Device Drivers (LFD430) may be taught at one of our local training facilities.
We offer private customized training for groups of 3 or more attendees.
Course Description
| This course will teach you how to develop device drivers for Linux
systems, grounded with a basic familiarity and understanding of the
underlying Linux kernel. You will learn: The different kinds of device
drivers used in Linux ... The appropriate APIs through which devices
(both hardware and software) interface with the kernel. ... Necessary
modules and techniques for developing and debugging Linux drivers ...
And more.
Course Length: 4 Days
Course Tuition: $2800 (US)
|Knowledge of basic kernel interfaces and methods such as how to write, compile, load and unload modules, use synchronization primitives, and the basics of memory allocation and management
Course Outline
Device Drivers
Modules and Device Drivers
Memory Management and Allocation
Character Devices
Kernel Features
Transferring Between User and Kernel Space
Interrupts and Exceptions
Timing Measurements
Kernel Timers
Unified Device Model and sysfs
Sleeping and Wait Queues
Interrupt Handling: Deferrable Functions and User Drivers
Hardware I/O
Platform Drivers**
Device Trees**
Direct Memory Access (DMA)
Network Drivers I: Basics
Network Drivers II: Data Structures
Network Drivers III: Transmission and Reception
Network Drivers IV: Selected Topics
USB Drivers
Power Management
Block Drivers
** These sections may be considered in part or in whole as optional. They contain either background reference material, specialized topics, or advanced subjects. The instructor may choose to cover or not cover them depending on classroom experience and time constraints.
Course Directory [training on all levels]
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Software engineer/architect, System Admin ... Welcome!
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Project Managers, Business Analysts, Paralegals ... Welcome!
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Gain insight and ideas from students with different perspectives and experiences.
- Introduction to Spring 5, Spring MVC, and Spring REST (2022)
6 November, 2023 - 10 November, 2023
9 October, 2023 - 11 October, 2023
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4 December, 2023 - 6 December, 2023
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9 October, 2023 - 13 October, 2023
- See our complete public course listing
Linux Unix Uses & Stats
Linux Unix is Used For:Desktop Mainframe Computers Mobile Devices Embedded Devices
Year Created1991/1971
Linux supports many efficient tools and operates them seamlessly. Because it's architecture is lightweight it runs faster than both Windows 8.1 and 10.
Because Linux is an open-source software, anyone can contribute code to help enhance the users' experience i.e., adding features, fixing bugs, reducing security risks, and more.
Software Development:
The terminal in Linux is a *wild card*. You can do almost anything with it. This includes software installation, application and server configurations, file system management, and etc.
Open-source projects benefit from having an attentive community. As a result, Linux is more secure than Windows. Instead of installing anti viruses to clean malware, you just have to stick to the recommended repositories.
Developers have the convenience of running servers, training machine learning models, accessing remote machines, and compiling and running scripts from the same terminal window.
Linux is free (you can put it on as many systems as you like) and you can change it to suit your needs.
Learning Curve:
Linux is not for everyone, there is a learning curve in switching to Ubuntu. To actually learn Linux efficiently would take a user one to several years.
No Tech Support:
Unlike Windows, there isn't a dedicated tech support, so getting help for things is up to you.
Designer Compatabilty:
Linux is not as user friendly as Windows or as 'straight out of the box design' As an example for design choices, Adobe hasn't released any of its products to Linux users. So it's impossible to run them directly. The Ubuntu alternative is a free software called GIMP.
Gaming Capabilities:
Most games aren't available in Linux. But that's not to say you can't make it happen, it's just not as easy.
|Linux Unix Job Market
Average Salary
Job Count
Top Job Locations
New York City
Complimentary Skills to have along with Linux Unix
The following are types of jobs that may require Linux skills. The top 15 job titles on Dice.com that mention Linux in their postings are:
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Trauma Based Behaviour
Whats On
Professionals working in, and in partnership with schools will be familiar with the complex demands created by children and young people with challenging behaviours. Within this group, there is a subset of students who present as particularly complex. Many of these young people have experienced a number of traumatic Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and as a result present with much higher (and different) demands than 'typical' behavioural support cases. These young people are often misdiagnosed with a range of behavioural conditions, that while well-intentioned, can prove to be unhelpful in supporting them to heal from their experiences, meaning traditional management strategies utilised by helpers, educators and carers aren't always effective. Traumatised young people are less likely to respond to traditional behavioural approaches and counselling skills as they often haven't had the support and experience to be able to understand their emotions and self-regulate.
This practically focused seminar will explore the reasons why young people who have experienced trauma and disrupted attachment behave the way they do at school and explore a range of evidence-based practical interventions and strategies that can be effective in facilitating positive change.
Some of the specific areas Emma will discuss include:
The different types of trauma and how they commonly present (including how ACEs with insecure attachment can develop trauma).
Understanding the neurological differences of young people who have suffered from trauma and the implications for their behaviour.
Exploring how to support Attachment Trauma recovery in your dealings with children, whatever your professional role and the importance of focusing on their intention rather than the behaviour.
Opening a 'Trauma informed toolbox' full of practical strategies and skills. How to practically utilise them in your work with traumatised children, including techniques for establishing and maintaining effective working relationships with traumatised kids.
Dr Emma Woodward is a Child, Educational and Community Psychologist. She completed her Doctorate in Child, Community and Educational Psychology at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust and an undergraduate degree in Experimental Psychology from the University of Sussex. Now based in Auckland, Emma established the "Child Psychology Service" (a national child psychology practice network). She has previously presented the popular "Dealing with Big Feelings" seminar with Compass Seminars and is a sought-after presenter on a range of child and youth wellbeing topics. Emma presents with energy and clarity that ensure this is a workshop not to be missed for all education-based professionals and other support professionals.
How to Find Us
PricesFrom $255
Distinction Hotel, Whangarei
Event Dates
Friday 23 September 2022


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1 October 2009 by Mark Weisbrot
Now that Manuel Zelaya has returned to Honduras, the coup government – after first denying that he was there – has unleashed a wave of repression to prevent people from gathering support for their elected president.
This is how US secretary of state Hillary Clinton described the first phase of this new repression Monday night in a press conference: "I think that the government imposed a curfew, we just learned, to try to get people off the streets so that there couldn't be unforeseen developments."
But the developments that this dictatorship is trying to repress are very much foreseen. A completely peaceful crowd of thousands surrounded the Brazilian embassy in Tegucigalpa, where Zelaya has taken refuge, to greet their president. The military then used the curfew as an excuse to tear-gas, beat and arrest the crowd until there was nothing left. There are reports of scores wounded and three dead. The dictatorship has cut off electricity and water to the embassy and cut electricity to what little is left of the independent media, as well as some neighbourhoods.
This is how the dictatorship has been operating. It has a very brutal but simple strategy.
The strategy goes like this: they control the national media, which has been deployed to convince about 30-40% of the population that their elected president is an agent of a foreign government who seeks to turn the country into a socialist prison. However, that still leaves the majority, who have managed to find access to other information.
The strategy for dealing with them has been to try to render them powerless – through thousands of arrests, beatings and even some selective killings. This has been documented, reported and denounced by major human rights organisations throughout the world: Amnesty International, the Centre for Justice and International Law, Human Rights Watch, the Inter American Commission on Human Rights and others.
One important actor, the only major country to maintain an ambassador in Honduras throughout the dictatorship, has maintained a deafening silence about this repression: the US government. The Obama administration has not uttered one word about the massive human rights violations in Honduras.
This silence by itself tells you all you need to know about what this administration has really been trying to accomplish in the nearly three months since the Honduran military squelched democracy. The Obama team understands exactly how the coup government is maintaining its grip on power through violence and repression. And Barack Obama, along with his secretary of state, has shown no intention of undermining this strategy.
In fact, Zelaya has been to Washington six times since he was overthrown, but not once did he get a meeting with Obama. Why is that? Most likely because Obama does not want to send the "wrong" signal to the dictatorship, ie that the lip service that he has paid to Zelaya's restoration should be taken seriously.
These signals are important, because the Honduran dictatorship is digging in its heels on the bet that they don't have to take any pressure from Washington seriously. They have billions of dollars of assets in the US, which could be frozen or seized. But the dictatorship, for now, trusts that the Obama team is not going to do anything to hurt their allies.
Luz Mejias, the head of the Organisation of American States' Inter-American Human Rights Commission, had a different view of the dictatorship's curfew from that of Hillary Clinton. She called it "a clear violation of human rights and legal norms" and said that those who ordered these measures should be charged under international criminal law.
What possible excuse can the military have for breaking up this peaceful gathering, or can Clinton have for supporting the army's violence? There was no way that this crowd was a threat to the Brazilian embassy – quite the contrary. If anything it was protecting the embassy. That is one reason why the military attacked the crowd.
On 11 August, 16 members of the US Congress sent a letter to Obama urging him to "publicly denounce the use of violence and repression of peaceful protesters, the murder of peaceful political organisers and all forms of censorship and intimidation directed at media outlets." They are still waiting for an answer.
Some might recall what happened to Bill Clinton when his administration sent mixed signals to the dictatorship in Haiti in 1994. Clinton had called for the dictator Raul Cedras to step down so that the democratically elected president Jean-Bertrand Aristide could be restored. But Cedras was convinced – partly because of contradictory statements from administration officials like Brian Latell of the CIA – that Clinton was not serious.
Even after Jimmy Carter, Colin Powell and then-senator Sam Nunn were sent to Haiti to try to persuade Cedras to leave before a promised US invasion, the dictator still did not believe it. In September 1994, Clinton sent 20,000 troops to topple the dictatorship and restore the elected president (who ironically was overthrown again in 2004, in a US-instigated coup).
By now, the coup government in Honduras has even less reason than the 1994 Haitian dictatorship to believe that the Obama team will do anything serious to remove it from power.
What a horrible, ugly message the Obama administration is sending to the democracies of Latin America, and to people who aspire to democracy everywhere.
Published in The Guardian
est codirecteur du Center for Economic and Policy Research à Washington et président de Just Foreign Policy. Il est également l'auteur de « Failed : Ce que les "experts" n'ont pas compris au sujet de l'économie mondiale ».
29 August 2011, by Mark Weisbrot
6 August 2011, by Mark Weisbrot
2 July 2009, by Mark Weisbrot
Development, Debt and Obedience to EmpireThe World Bank: a Bigger Problem Than Wolfowitz
21 March 2005, by Mark Weisbrot
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