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Lionel Messi vs Cristiano Ronaldo
When Barcelona meet Real Madrid the biggest subplot is the battle of Lionel Messi vs Cristiano Ronaldo.
Ronaldo is the worlds most expensive player, Real having signed him for $131 in the summer of 2009. Prior to that he had been signed by Manchester United from Sporting Lisbon as an 18-year-old.
The pair are the two highest earning players in the world game, by some distance.
Messi has a release clause of $400 million and his rise to the top could not contrast more starkly to that of Ronaldo. The Argentinean left Newells Old Boys for Barcelona at the age of 13, with the club paying for treatment on a growth hormone deficiency that threatened to stunt his progress.
Each player has won the FIFA World Player of the Year award once, and has scored in a Champions League final.
But who is the best?
Messi vs Ronaldo: Finishing With Feet
Messi is very much left-footed and finishes most of his chances off on that side. He generally occupied the position on the right side of attack after Josep Guardiola took over as Barcelona coach in 2008, but has featured more centrally as time has gone on. Messi is outstanding in one-on-ones, capable of the subtle dink over an advancing goalkeeper, a curled effort into the corner or a piledriver. So many chances come his way in a team that dominates most games that he will miss a few, but it is hard to find fault in Messis finishing. 9/10.
Where Messi generally favors brains over braun when faced with the whites of the goalposts, Ronaldo more often than not opts for sheer power. Unlike Messi, the Portuguese star is right footed, but is also adept at finishing on his weaker side. Can be guilty of profligacy, but his goals record speaks for itself. 8/10.
Messi vs Ronaldo: Finishing With Head
Messi memorably scored the second goal against Manchester United in the 2009 Champions league final with his head. But that was the exception to the rule, and most of La Pulga Atomicas (The Atomic Flea) goals come from his left foot. 6/10.
Ronaldo scores far more goals with his head, not afraid to go in where it hurts. At 1.85 meters, Ronaldo is always going to be more effective in the air than Messi, who stands at 1.65. Ronaldo manages to apply great power to his headers and undoubtedly scores higher in this category. 8/10.
Messi vs Ronaldo: Free-kicks
Messi is capable of producing exquisite set-pieces that bend past opposing goalkeepers. His free-kicks are again more about finesse than brute force. He perhaps lacks the variation of Ronaldo. 8/10.
Ronaldos swerving free-kicks are a thing of beauty. When playing for Manchester United, he revealed that he uses the technique of striking the ball on the valve to get more power and movement. He is also capable of the classic curling free-kick. 9/10.
Messi vs Ronaldo: Dribbling & Control
Messi is the dribbler extraordinaire and there is no one better in the world at taking on and beating players. The beauty of Messi is that it is not just his pace that takes him past defenders, but his sublime technique, quick feet and balance. He is not the strongest or quickest player in the world, but relies on natural ability to take him past his man. 10/10.
Few players can perform a step-over like CR9, and it is such skill that helps him beat opponents repeatedly. Ronaldo's control is generally excellent, but he relies more on his pace to take him past players than his Argentinean counterpart. 9/10.
Messi vs Ronaldo: Skill & Technique
Such is Messis skill that the ball can appear glued to his feet as he maneuvres himself out of tight situations and finds teammates when it seems he is surrounded. Messi, like Ronaldo, can use the backheel to great effect and also has a penchant for looping the ball over a defender and collecting it on the other side. 10/10.
Ronaldo is more of a showman than Messi and can take the breath away with his array of stepovers and flicks. But in some matches, when the stepovers are taking him nowhere and he is attempting backheels that are not finding team-mates, Ronaldo stands accused of producing style over substance. He is blessed with tremendous natural ability and when on song he is a joy to watch, but he has more ineffectual matches than Messi. 9/10.
Messi vs Ronaldo: Team Play
One of the reasons Messi has been more successful at club level than international level is that he dovetails so beautifully with Xavi Hernandez and Andres Iniesta. His chemistry with these two is a beauty to behold and there is no one at Barcelona who claims that Messi does not work hard enough or combine well with his teammates. 9/10.
Ronaldo is a player almost beyond reproach but one of the gripes that some teammates have had about him -and certainly sections of the Real Madrid support- is that he can be selfish and too obsessed with making the difference on his own. Ronaldo has been known to shoot from ridiculous angles and distances when teammates are better placed, and will often try to score when there is a superior option to his left or right. Some Real fans have made their frustrations known, and Ronaldo has actually been whistled at the Bernabeu for his individualistic approach. He also has a tendency to show his frustration and petulance towards teammates. 6/10.
Messi vs Ronaldo: Physical Prowess
Messi is not a big man and can be knocked off the ball by more imposing opponents. However, he is also well capable of holding his own in one-on-ones and often it takes a foul for a defender to knock him off the ball. 7/10.
Ronaldo is a real specimen of a man and has previously claimed to do 1000 press-ups a day as he looks to maintain his washboard stomach. He is a physically imposing player with unquestionable fitness and professionalism in looking after himself. 9/10.
Messi vs Ronaldo: Goal Totals
Over the past five seasons, the players cumulative goal returns for club and country have been similar. Ronaldo has moved higher up the pitch and into a more central position as his career has progressed, while Messi is now commonly deployed by Barcelona in the position he can hurt opponents most: central attack. He, like Ronaldo, played deeper earlier in his career but coaches such as Sir Alex Ferguson, Jose Mourinho and Josep Guardiola realize that when you possess a player of the class of either of these two, it is wise to position them where they can do the most damage. 9/10 for both.
Messi exerts more influence over more games. Ronaldo has been accused of being a flat track bully in the past, effective in the lesser matches but disappearing when it really matters. This may be a harsh assessment, but Messi has produced more performances in the biggest games. The Argentinean scores one more point than the Real Madrid man and edges the battle of Messi vs Ronaldo.
Lionel Messi: 68/80
Cristiano Ronaldo: 67/80
Who Is the best?
Is Messi more skillful than Ronaldo,i think so.


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The New York Times:
The "my" prefix has become an easy and increasingly popular shorthand for suggesting that bond between consumers and corporations. Matthew Zook of ZookNIC, a business that analyzes domain names, said domains that start with "my" more than tripled between 2005 and 2008, to 712,000 from 217,000. According to the government's Patent and Trademark Office, the number of trademark applications to register marks that include the word "my" increased to 1,943 last year from 382 in 1998. Through March of this year, the number of applications has soared to 530. . . .
"My" is the latest in a line of prefixes that have ebbed and flowed on the Web. A decade ago, everything was "e" — from eTrade to eBay — and "i," as in iPod or iPhone, has become synonymous with all things Apple.
It's a little odd to me, because "my" strikes me as very early '90's for a branding strategy, at best. And indeed the Times article waits for a good half page before getting to what I remember to be the genesis of all this "I, me, mine" business:
Among the earliest known "my" entries is the comparison-shopping site www.MySimon.com, which filed for trademark [registration] in 1998. Mr. Jurisich said that Microsoft may have inadvertently played a role in this trend. "In the '90s, all these people were trying to find domain names and staring at their Windows computers, which had 'my documents' and 'my music,' " he said. "Everyone thought, 'Let's try "my." ' It was very natural." (Of course, the success of MySpace, taking off in 2004, may have increased the barrage.)
But almost everything about MySpace's success is in spite of its design. Clearly it was Windows and its infantile my-this-and-that strategy that spawned this whole "my" concept for neuvo-techno naming, and yet I remember by the time MySimon.com hit thinking that it was a stupid name for a service — what is "my Simon"? Is it, or he, different from "your Simon"?
My Simon, my foot!

subset: commoncrawl


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Cain's Catchy 9-9-9 Tax Plan Draws Interest, Doubters
Last weekend, pizza magnate Herman Cain did something that surprised the political world: He came in first in a Florida GOP presidential straw poll.
One way Cain has attracted the attention of Republican voters is with what he calls his 9-9-9 plan. It's a cleverly marketed idea for changing the nation's tax code.
At last week's Republican debate in Florida, moderator Chris Wallace had barely gotten his question out about the plan before the audience erupted in applause.
"Mr. Cain, I want to follow up on your 9-9-9 plan for economic growth," Wallace said as applause began within the crowd. "Well, they seem to already know what it is."
Cain's proposal is a pithy way of describing a plan to radically overhaul the U.S. tax system. More than one commentator has likened it to a marketing campaign, such as buy one pizza, get one free.
Like a lot of Republicans, Cain sees taxes as a major impediment to economic growth.
"Our tax code is the 21st century version of slavery," he said in a campaign video.
But no other Republican has proposed such a sweeping overhaul of the tax code. If Cain has his way, the estate tax and capital-gains tax would be gone for good. So would most tax deductions, including the one for mortgage interest.
Instead, there would be a 9 percent flat income tax, a 9 percent corporate tax and a 9 percent national sales tax.
"My 9-9-9 economic growth and jobs plan is a major step towards tearing the chains off the backs of the American people," Cain says in his video.
Debate Over The Details
Cain hasn't fleshed out all the plan's details, and his campaign didn't return a call to NPR. But parts of the plan have been kicking around policy circles for some time.
Economist Will McBride of the Tax Foundation says some of Cain's ideas make a lot of sense. A national sales tax, for instance, would mean taxing people for the things they consume, which means they'd spend less and save more. And McBride says a higher savings rate would benefit the economy long-term.
"When you tax saving and investment you are taxing growth, essentially, and you want to encourage thrift, not discourage it," he says.
But McBride also voices a concern expressed by a few conservative politicians. They're wary of the government imposing a new tax of any kind and they worry that Cain's 9 percent would drift higher over time.
"It sounds good in theory but we have to think about the prospective political situation and that would be to raise the rates," McBride says.
Tax policy is full of these Utopian ideas that have never been tried, but everyone's promising that their idea is going to make the difference. And I just don't see it.
There's also the question of how much revenue Cain's plan would bring in and whether it would deepen the budget deficit. Cain says the plan would be revenue-neutral, meaning it wouldn't raise more money in total, and that it would lead to higher economic growth, so revenues would increase over time.
But William Gale of the Brookings Institution says we've heard all that before. He says there's no evidence tax cuts do much to affect economic growth.
"Tax policy is full of these Utopian ideas that have never been tried, but everyone's promising that their idea is going to make the difference," Gale says. "And I just don't see it."
Without more details, Gale says, it's hard to really pass judgment on Cain's plan. But whatever the outcome, the sentiment seems to have struck a chord with some Republican voters and helped Cain stand out in the crowded field of Republican presidential candidates.
Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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The recent release of FogBugz 6.0 has, approximately, doubled our sales, and, while I fully agree that often small teams can accomplish a lot more than large teams, we have a lot of interesting work to be done here and there never seem to be enough people to do it, so we've looked for some areas where adding more people would not necessarily slow things down.
We came up with three fairly interesting new positions that might be a perfect fit for you or someone you know. It's relatively rare for Fog Creek to hire full time engineers; many of the people we've hired in the past have been former summer interns, the company is quite small (20 people), and we don't hire lightly, so this is a rare opportunity to get in the door and take advantage of the fact that Fog Creek was designed from the ground up to be the kind of company where the best software developers want to work (about Fog Creek).
The first position is in system administration. Normally, I'm pretty happy to hire inexperienced but bright people and let them learn on the job. Even for fairly important jobs, like, say, President of the United States.
But system administration is one of those things where experience is really important. You don't want your new system administrator to learn about how to create secure and robust online services by building something insecure and unrobust and learning from experience. So for our first system administrator, we hired Michael Gorsuch, because he knew how to operate our systems well on day one.
This is a dilemma for smart people who want to learn how to be world class system administrators. If everybody is asking for x years of experience, how are you supposed to get that experience? You can take an entry-level job in a big company as, say, junior DNS administrator, typing changes into DNS configuration files, but you won't learn very much.
Here's where Fog Creek comes in. Michael and I talked about this and decided that our second hire in that department could be totally inexperienced at system administration, as long as they were smart, got things done, and had the personal characteristics to become a great system administrator (attention to detail, insane curiosity, constant need to be learning new things, strong ability to stay levelheaded and organized even in the most chaotic of situations, doesn't soil pants in fear when presented with a command prompt, thinks "rtfm" is a great answer, etc.) This is a once-in-a-lifetime chance to learn the field and gain substantial experience on an interesting, mixed environment including Unix and Windows, desktops and servers, internet hosting and internetworking, open source and Microsoft, with all kinds of interesting moving parts. And you'll be learning from a real master, one on one, in a great environment with zero corporate BS, management that trusts you to order equipment you need without going through some kind of 6 month budget committee process during which a shrill corporate attorney who has been somehow promoted to "head of the capital infrastructure committee" is nervous about using open source hippie software because it seems kind of "communistic," and she had a terrible experience on a commune in the 60s when this really gross guy who never bathed and wore flip flops even in the winter… well, anyway, I'm getting off the subject. At Fog Creek when you need equipment you order it. That's really all there is to it.
Interested? System administrator at Fog Creek
Our next interesting position is for a Chief Linux Guru. This is a hybrid position for somebody who really loves Linux, wants to do a lot of coding, but also wants a more diverse problem-solving kind of job.
Here's the theory behind this position. Our main product, FogBugz, is a server product, available for Windows, Linux, and Mac. On Windows servers, everybody has pretty much the same minimal stuff. So our setup program usually works off the shelf.
On Linux, though, there's a lot more diversity. People have different distros, they have different versions of different important components like MySQL, PHP, and Mono, and they're not all instantly compatible. A lot of Linux administrators went through their server when they first set it up removing things that they didn't think they'd need for "security" reasons ("if you're not going to use /bin/ls, delete it–it's just a security hole waiting to be found", they said), and now, here it is, three years later, and they're installing FogBugz, and they don't get why ls isn't working. Bottom line: it takes a little bit of hammering to get FogBugz to work on many Linux systems.
So this position is for a Linux coder who will also be responsible to get FogBugz working on our customers' systems. My pet theory is that if the person who takes the call when a customer is missing, say, the Pear Mail module, if this person is the same person who maintains the setup code, then they will eventually get sick of sshing into customers' servers and typing "pear install Mail" for them and they'll just fix it in the setup code once and for all. And I think a lot of people would find a job that combines problem solving with new software development is going to be pretty interesting, especially if, as I said, you love Linux.
On the development side, you've also got to handle all the Linux-specific code. Right now, that's a mix of PHP, Mono, and various scripting languages. Most of FogBugz is written in our own portable language, Wasabi. You'll be responsible to maintain the Linux-specific parts of the code, and you'll be working on keeping Wasabi for Linux at the same level as Wasabi for Windows.
Interested? Linux guru at Fog Creek
Finally, we could use an extreme Windows Internals guru. I don't mean an "Access/VB" kind of guru. I mean a Win 32, COM, .Net, GDI programming, low level Windows systems stuff in C++ and C# kind of guru. And when I say ".Net" I don't mean "Ooh look I made an ASP.NET website with a GridView that shows a list of customers." Uh-uh. Leave that bush league stuff to the boss (me). For this job, you'll be working directly on a native .NET programming language, generating CLR bytecode and integrating with the Visual Studio debugger. You'll be resolving obscure threading model problems in Other People's Code. You'll be hacking GDI to improve the performance of our remote desktop service, Copilot. You'll be figuring out why trivial things that used to work don't work any more in 64 bit Vista. This is the perfect job for the kind of developer who has been doing API level Windows programming for years, who has been reading MSDN Magazine since it was called MSJ, who actually understands what Don Box is talking about, who can explain how to instantiate a COM object from a DLL without touching the registry, and who can figure out, from crappy Microsoft documentation, how to play the first four bars of Gaudeamus Igitur on a computer without a sound card.
Interested? Windows internals guru at Fog Creek
Don't small teams get more things done than big teams? Didn't The Mythical Man Month prove conclusively that you should have the smallest team possible? Don't startups with two kids run circles around the big companies? Isn't Fog Creek getting big and bureaucratic? Why hire more people?
No, no, no, and no. It's a little bit more complicated than that. At 20 people we still fit around one lunch table and we're far from not being able to get things done. And what MMM claimed was only that adding people to a late project makes the project later. The more people you have, the more communication you need, which counterbalances the added productivity of the extra people–that's the MMM conclusion–and so when we add people we always try to find a way to do it in a way that's efficient. But the bottom line is that we have a long list of things that we want to do, and our too-small team is forced to do things in serial that we could do in parallel with a couple more people. So in the long run I think we'll continue hiring carefully and discretely, keeping each of the core teams small (our biggest dev team right now is, um, three people), and I think we're still a ways of from worrying about Fog Creek being bogged down in bureaucracy.


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The Story
A new threat to the galaxy has emerged. His name is Yotat the Destroyer and he will have blood.
Free Marvel Comic Download
Guardians of the Galaxy #4
Language : English | Year : 2016 | Size : 46 MB
Screenshots :
Notes :
- If you have any difficulties to download the files, please refer to this how-to download page.
- All of the comic files are packed on .CBR and/or .CBZ file formats. Here are some of the reader apps that i can recommend : YAC Reader (Win, OSX, Linux, iOS), ComicRack (Win, Android, iOS), CDisplayEx.
- To extract any compressed files, I recommend using 7-Zip.
- If you encounter any broken links or corrupt files, please write on the comment section or message me through the contact form.
- Want to see all the comic list? Please go to this page.


text:
If you have taken photographs or video of the Sunday Stroll or London Friday Night Skate and would like them to our web site, all you have to do is upload them to Flickr and tag them. You will need an account with Flickr but these are free of charge and easy to setup.
* Upload your photos to Flickr and tag them 'yyyymmdd' according to the date of the skate. For example, '20080427' is the 27th of April 2008.
* Use the "Organise – Most recent upload" menu to go to Flickr's batch organiser, then use the "Send to group" button to send them to the LFNS group. This will send them to our Flickr group, which is how we find them and add them to our site.
* The first time you send us some photos you will need to join the LFNS group on Flickr.
If you're already sending pics – thanks! Don't forget, you own the copyright to your photos even if they are on our site..


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Seventeen bodies were lying in the Coptic Hospital in Cairo this Monday morning. In the hospital's courtyard, friends and relatives gathered—dazed, tearful, and angry. They said they'd seen the bodies of their loved ones riddled with bullets or crushed when they were run over by armed personnel carriers. A woman in black screamed: "Why all this? Where are you, my Lord?"
At least 24 are dead (this graphic video shows victims at the hospital last night), and hundreds more are wounded, in the bloodiest clashes since the beginning of the revolution that toppled Hosni Mubarak eight months ago.
It all began Sunday afternoon with a large peaceful march from the Christian neighborhood of Shubra toward the Radio and Television building in the capital's downtown. The march was organized by young Coptic activists to protest a string of attacks on churches since the revolution. The latest incident occurred in a village in southern Egypt, where Muslims destroyed a building used for Christian services.
Father Boulos was at the hospital and in the march the day before.
The protesters "wanted to express their feelings that they are oppressed," he said. "They just wanted to ask for their rights."
The march was peaceful, participants say, even though it was attacked by stone-throwing crowds. But in front of the Radio and TV building, emotions ran high and scuffles erupted. Footage from Egyptian State TV shows armed personnel carriers began driving through the crowd, crushing demonstrators. Protesters say the army also opened fire.
Egyptian State TV reported that the Coptic protesters had opened fire on the army (an unsubstantiated claim that the minister of information later said presenters made because they got "carried away") and called on Egyptians to come into the streets to "defend the army." Downtown Cairo erupted into chaos: cars were set on fire and crowds of Christians, Muslims, police and the army fought running street battles among clouds of tear gas. Some Muslims fought alongside Christians, chanting anti-army slogans.
Clashes also broke out in Alexandria, Aswan, Luxor, and Assiut.
At the hospital this morning, Copts focused their anger on the armed forces.
"God's punishment on you, Tantawi," said an elderly woman wrapped in black, referring to the head of the army council that currently runs the country. "May your children suffer as ours have."
The hospital itself was attacked last night, said Samy Samann, 43, who lives in the neighborhood.
"People came with guns and sticks and tried to attack this hospital," he said. "Many of us came out and fought them. Until midnight. It was four hours of fighting." (This video by the local news site Al Masry Al Youm shows Coptic men repulsing the attacks.)
Samaan was tired and shaking with emotion.
"I live with them [Muslims]," he said, "They are all my friends. But this time I think their mind changed, suddenly. They think we are not good people, that we have to leave this country. And we can't: It's our country. We will never leave this country."
Coptic Christians are Egypt's largest religious minority, making up about 10 percent of the population. They have lived alongside the country's Muslim majority for 14 centuries.
There have always been tensions, especially in rural areas. The most frequent cause of clashes is the construction or renovation of churches (to which Muslims often object) and cases of conversion.Christians also complain of longstanding discrimination, and of an Islamist discourse that is increasingly aggressive and denigrating of Christians. Ultra-conservative Islamist groups have been emboldened since the revolution, demanding the full application of Islamic law.The Mubarak regime was criticized for fomenting religious bigotry and sectarian divisions. A terrorist attack at a church in Alexandria on New Year's Eve that killed 21, disgusted many Egyptians and may have been one of the triggers of the revolution. (Some Egyptians even suspected domestic intelligence services of being behind the attack, to legitimate the country's state of emergency.) During the revolution, Christians and Muslims stood side by side in Tahrir Square, demanding Mubarak's ouster.But in the months since, there have been regular attacks on churches. Copts complain that the authorities have done little to stop the violence, and haven't held its perpetrators responsible. The crowds at the Coptic hospital are also furious at the local media.State TV hasn't aired the footage of armed personnel carriers mowing down protesters again—instead, its coverage has focused on alleged acts of vandalism and violence by the Coptic protesters. Local newspapers have also shied away from criticizing the army.Activists on Twitter, meanwhile, have been vocal in their condemnation. They point out that some Muslims participated in solidarity in the Coptic march, and argue that this is not a sectarian clash but rather one between the people and the generals.
"It feels like Mubarak is back," wrote activist blogger Sandmonkey. "State TV lies, violence against protesters and efforts to ignite sectarian violence."In the midst of a flurry of emergency meetings and statements of condemnation of the violence, Egyptian authorities and many Muslims remain in deep denial over the extent and seriousness of Copts' grievances.Prime Minister Essam Sharaf has said "hidden hands" were behind the incidents, and that they would benefit "the enemies of the revolution."Many here worry that the clashes will derail Egypt's first democratic elections, scheduled for November, and give the authorities an excuse to crack down further on dissent.


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The Iron Wagon (2003)
John Arne Sæterøy, who signs his work with Jason, is one of Scandinavia's most prominent artists of alternative comics. Born in Molde, he started comics career when he was only fifteen years old, publishing in the alternative Norwegian magazine KonK. In 1987 he enrolled at he Art Academy of Oslo to study graphical design and illustration, and subsequently studied at the National School of Arts and Industry. In 1995, a year after graduating, he published a realistically drawn graphic novel, 'Lomma full av Regn' ('Pocket Full of Rain'), for which he won the Sproing Award.
Hey, wait...
Two years later, he founded his own comic book Mjau Mjau, in which he developed his own minimalist style, employing animals as his main characters, inspired by Lewis Trondheim, Jim Woodring and Tex Avery. Jason settled in Copenhagen, and went to work at the Studio Gimle, together with Ole Comoll Christensen and Peter Snejbjerg. Soon, his work found its way to other countries like France, Holland, Slovania, Spain, Germany and the other Scandinavian countries, as well as the USA.
I Killed Adolf Hitler
Fantagraphics has published over 15 of his graphic novels as well as compilations of his earlier work since 2001. These include the gag comedy 'Meow, Baby!', the romantic melodrama 'Tell Me Something', the drama 'Hey, Wait...', the detective thriller 'The Iron Wagon', and the Eisner Award-winning graphic novels 'The Left Bank Gang', 'I Killed Adolf Hitler' and 'The Last Musketeer'. Jason worked with French scriptwriter Fabien Vehlmann to create 'Isle of 100,000 Graves' in 2011. He released the short story collection 'Athos in America' in the following year, when it was also announced that Jason's graphic novel 'I Killed Adolf Hitler' was optioned for a movie adaptation by the British firm Studio Eight.
Jason was an influence on Sophie Crumb and Roman Muradov.
A cat from heaven (from: Athos in America)


text: Many of you may not be aware of the fact that the University has made the decision to close the bindery. As postgraduate students, you will inevitably have thesis to bind. Unfortunately, because the University has decided (without consulting the affected parties, i.e. postgrad students) to close this essential service, in the future all postgrad binding requirements will be sent to a commercial company in Falkirk. Currently the University bindery charges 23gbp per copy of thesis bound, and the work is completed to an extremely high standard and within 4working days. Having spoken to the bindery staff, they have informed me that binding at the commercial company will and can take up to 4 WEEKS. Each copy will cost approx 35gbp. 12pds more per copy might not seem a great deal, but when you consider that you will have run out of funding months ago (!) and require 5 copies (2 supervisor, 1 personal, 2 uni. submissions), the EXTRA cost to already financially stretched postgrad students will be 60pds, and a lot of extra waiting time. This is a lot of extra pressure on students who are already in an extremely stressful time. I am also astounded that the University is willing to contract out a service which was excellently run (the bindery, when fully functional, was bringing in a profit of 100,000pds), convenient and ideally suited for the thousands of postgrad students who pass through the University over the years, without even consulting these very same students. Considering the vast population, not to mention income, that postgrad. students bringing to the University, it is abhorrent that the University shows no respect for the needs of the postgrad. student, especially at their most challenging time. So please, if you feel that this is an issue worth pursuing, I have set up an e-petition which I would be grateful if you could sign, whether you have ever, or never, used the bindery or met the great people there. If you don't believe me, ask a recently completed PhD student!


text:
I'll write more about it later, but to whet your appetite, here's the press release:
Chefs Present First Taste of Gluten-Free Event in the US
Southlake, Texas, (August 30, 2010)- The North Texas Gluten Intolerance Group (NTGIG) and Gaylord Texan proudly announce the first ever "Taste of Gluten-Free†dining experience coming Sunday, September 19th, to the Dallas/Fort Worth area. The Gluten-Free Makeover: a Healthier You showcases 20 DFW restaurants that offer gluten-free dining options, over 25 food samples from gluten free manufacturers and advice from experts about the gluten-free lifestyle.
Gluten-free dining has been acknowledged by the National Restaurant Association as a top ten menu trend for 2010, and this event will showcase local establishments that are at the forefront of the gluten-free dining movement including: The Gaylord Texan, The Grill on the Alley, PF Chang's, Carino's, Italianni's, Fresco's, Blue Mesa Grill, Fish City Grill, Kozy Kitchen, Wildwood Grill, Garliq, Thai Papaya Garden, Taste of Spain Texas Paella, Chadra Mezza, Asian Mint, Palios Pizza Café and Wholesome Food Bakery. According to the Gluten Intolerance Group, 15 to 25 percent of consumers seek gluten-free options, both at grocery stores (such as Whole Foods Markets, Central Market and Sprouts) and when dining out.
PF Chang's has offered a gluten-free menu since 2003. This year they introduced five new beef dishes which have been well received by the gluten-free community. "We have 28 choices on our Gluten Free menu and our guests have a lot of heart for all of the dishes,†states Laura Lasseter of PF Chang's. "Our Gluten Free Chang's Spicy Chicken and Mongolian Beef are two of the most popular and our gluten-free Mini Triple Chocolate Mousse dessert is a must try!â€
Chef Daniel Winans, at the Dallas location for The Grill on the Alley, asserts that the Grilled Lime Chicken Salad is the most popular gluten-free item. Their gluten-free clientele is small but growing as are fans for his Flourless Chocolate Cake. At the Gaylord's Glass Cactus Nightclub, Chef Mike Sammons notices an overall increase in requests from guests with food allergies. "We also see a lot of peanut, egg, soy, dairy and shellfish allergies. About a year ago we came up with what we call our allergen matrix. This allows us to capture the allergies of our guests, and with the use of a special program, print a menu for the guest that shows them exactly what they can safely order off our menu. This service has been extremely comforting to our guests with allergies.â€
The field of culinary arts is just beginning to address this market demand as consumers continue to seek full flavor, satisfying menu options that meet specific dietary needs. This trend is good news to the three million Americans currently diagnosed with celiac disease, as well as an additional 30 million who have non-celiac gluten intolerance or wheat allergies and rely on gluten-free foods. While awareness of celiac disease is rising, an estimated 97 percent of those who have it remain undiagnosed.
"Celiac disease is an inherited autoimmune intolerance to gluten, the protein in wheat, rye and barley that causes damage to the small intestine villi. Non-celiac gluten intolerance is also an immune-mediated reaction to gluten but without intestinal villi damage. The symptoms for either type of gluten intolerance can vary significantly from person to person and affect every system in the body,†states Dr. Claudia Pillow, author of The Gluten-Free Good Health Cookbook and Director of the event. "The monies raised will help support awareness, educational programs, and medical research so that persons with gluten-intolerance can lead healthy livesâ€
The Gluten-Free Makeover: a Healthier You is Sunday September 19, 2010 from 4 to 8pm at the Glass Cactus Nightclub, Gaylord Texan, Grapevine, Texas. Tickets are $25 preordered and $30 at the door; children 12 and under are $10. For more information and advance ticket purchases go to http://www.northtexasgig.com or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
North Texas GIG is a branch of The Gluten Intolerance Group, also known as GIG, and is a 501(c) (3) non-profit organization.


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Difference between revisions of "SatNOGS Rotator v3"
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**For stepper motors swap a pair of two stepper motor cables ([https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-rotator-firmware/issues/15 it exists an open issue to be done by a command])
**For stepper motors swap a pair of two stepper motor cables ([https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-rotator-firmware/issues/15 it exists an open issue to be done by a command])
**For DC motors, [https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-rotator-firmware/commit/961fb696536e35642f2b7064cc3c64676ebebb17 change the sign of encoder reading], it is a hacky method but it would be resolved by [https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-rotator-firmware/issues/15 this issue]
**For DC motors, [https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-rotator-firmware/commit/961fb696536e35642f2b7064cc3c64676ebebb17 change the sign of encoder reading], it is a hacky method but it would be resolved by [https://gitlab.com/librespacefoundation/satnogs/satnogs-rotator-firmware/issues/15 this issue]
==Mechanical Analysis [WIP]==
==Mechanical Analysis [WIP]==
Revision as of 10:12, 15 September 2020
|SatNOGS Rotator v3
|Rotator Information
|Release Information
|Latest Release:
|[v3.0.1 v3.1]
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Specifications
- 3 Sourcing
- 4 Build Sequence
- 5 Mechanical Analysis [WIP]
v3 marks a major re-haul of the SatNOGS Rotator design, with learnings from v2 applied. You can see a lot of the thinking and background research that was conducted prior to v3 development in this thread. Also in this wiki page you can also find a "How to build the rotator", mechanical analysis and all documentation about the SatNOGS rotator.
Also in this list is presented different rotators, either commercial or DIY builds.
|SatNOGS v3 Rotator
|Plastic Parts
|Non Printed Parts
|~ $220
|Controller Electronics
|SatNOGS Rotator Controller
|AZ/EL (possible X/Y)
|2x NEMA 17 Stepper or 2x DC Motors
|Frame Material
|Aluminum T-slot 20x20
|Speed (deg/sec)
|Torque (Nm)
|?, ~30
|Brake Torque (Nm)
|Dimensions (mm)
|280x140x140 (AZ/EL)
|Weight (kg)
Design Goals
Considering the specifications as detailed in the Mechanical Analysis, we would also like for the 3rd version of SatNOGS rotator to be:
- inexpensive (less than €300, if possible)
- lightweight and portable (~6Kg, size:~300x~150x~150mm)
- rigid and durable
- easy to build and fix (try to use easily available materials)
- weatherproof
- electromagnetically shielded, so that noise in reception is reduced
- accurate (<1deg, backlash reduction and use of encoders at the axis)
3d Printing at a Fab Lab or your local hackerspace: If you don't have your own 3d printer, then a local Fab Lab or hackerspace may be able to do it for you. Fab Labs and hackerspaces are places that have invested in the machinery and you can take the designs to them. Generally they need .stl files to import into the software that runs the machines, but this should be discussed with the Fab Lab or hackerspace. You then pay for the material, time or a combination of the two for each of the parts or any other agreement in place.
Most people building the rotator have had success builds with simple ABS material for the 3D printing parts.
T Slot - If you don't want to cut the pieces yourself, then you may be able to find a supplier that will do this for you. (Here's one in the United Kingdom.)
Hidden corner connectors - AliExpress gave the cheapest supplier
A good US source is MISUMI-USA; they will also cut to length. MISUMI has several other global locations [2].
Beware, the 20-series T-slot from 80/20 Inc. in the US has slots that are only 5.2mm wide. The hidden corner connectors from e.g. AliExpress will not fit.
Stepper Motors - eBay
Belts - eBay
Fixings / Pipe - eBay
Vendors Table
Like the RepRap Buyers' Guide wiki, feel free to populate the table.
|USA, Worldwide
|Motors, electronics
|Motors, electronics
|Motors, electronics, Fasteners, T-Slots, pulleys, Tubes
|Motors, electronics, Fasteners, T-Slots, pulleys, Tubes
|Motors, electronics, Fasteners, T-Slots, pulleys
|T-Slots, Tubes
|T-Slots, Tubes, Fasteners, Pulleys
|Stepper motors
|Electronics, fasteners, motors
|PCB fabrication
|Motors, T-slots, fasteners
|Most of parts are not metric
Build Sequence
Tools & Consumables
Here are presented tools and consumables about part fabrication, port-processing and assembly process. Most of the tools are available in every hackerspace, makerspaces, FabLabs etc.
|Drill bits
|2mm for aluminum, 3mm, 4mm and 5mm for plastic
|Drill driver
|For aluminum tube drill hole, 3D printed part
|80(dry), 120(dry), 240(dry) and 1000(wet) grit
|For acetone vapor bath
|For aluminum Tube
|Square File
|For worm axis, for use on steel
|Precision Knife
|For general use, especially in 3d-Printed parts
|Measuring Range 0-150mm
|Combination Wrenches
|5.5mm, 7mm and 8mm
|Like Loctite 271
|Cyano acrylic glue
|Like Loctite 401
|Screw driver
|Number 1 Phillips
|Heat Gun
|For Heat-shrinkables or use a lighter
|Ball-End L-Keys
|Hex 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, and 3mm
|Soldering iron and consumables
|For cables
|Wire Cutter
|For cables
|Long-Nose Plier
|General purpose
Make sure you have all parts, according to BOM.
Most of the parts could be fabricated by a FDM 3D-printer. Some parts have only 2D geometry so could be fabricated by a laser cutter. Other parts have modifications of common(hardware) parts like threaded rods or aluminum pipes. Also you could find a lot of guides for post processing for FDM printed parts.
C1020-1, FDM-3Dprinted, Material: ABS, Layer height: 0.4 mm, Perimeters: 2, Top/bottom solid layers: 3, Fill density: 20%, Fill pattern: Honeycomb, Fan speed: [35, 100], No support material, Smoothing the part with acetone vapor bath
C1021-1, FDM-3Dprinted, Material: ABS, Layer height: 0.4 mm, Perimeters: 2, Top/bottom solid layers: 3, Fill density: 20%, Fill pattern: Honeycomb, Fan speed: [35, 100], No support material, Smoothing the part with acetone vapor bath, Imperial variant, tool that helps to build imperial part
C1040-1, FDM-3Dprinted, Material: ABS, Layer height: 0.4 mm, Perimeters: 2, Top/bottom solid layers: 3, Fill density: 20%, Fill pattern: Honeycomb, Fan speed: [35, 100], No support material, Imperial variant, tool that helps to build imperial part
C1041-1, FDM-3Dprinted, Material: ABS, Layer height: 0.4 mm, Perimeters: 2, Top/bottom solid layers: 3, Fill density: 20%, Fill pattern: Honeycomb, Fan speed: [35, 100], No support material, Imperial variant, tool that helps to build imperial part
C1062-1, It is recommended to build in laser sintering like Shapeways with White Versatile Plastic (cost ~10€) or like C1030-1 and Smoothing the part with acetone vapor bath
Follow the instructions for mechanical assembly and also you can watch timelapse Also, exploded views and instructions are present here.
Some notes for assembly:
- Resolve collision between of end-stop arm and C1042-1 end-stop mount, community post
- Running the worm gear and lapping the worm gear to get gear box running smooth
- Collision between bolts and motor, this issue can be created by using wrong M4 screws(H1100-5) and washers(H1110-1)
Step 11, Rotator module 2 Variants -1 and -3, symmetric and asymetric (Assembly Tip - Note 10:Jam two M5 nuts together at end of shaft to easily run gearbox manually)
Rotator Controller
The default way of controlling the rotator is to use the SatNOGS Rotator Controller.This works for both stepper motor and DC motor set ups (Note: If you are uing the the rotary encoders these will need to be set up). An alternative is to use the SatNOGS_Arduino_Uno/CNC_Shield_Based_Rotator_Controller, whih has been used as a stand alone set up for use with GPredict.
It's also possible to use a standard 3d printing RAMPs 1.4 board as an alternative, though note that these are designed for steppers which may cause extra RF noise. A RAMPs 1.4 firmware has been developed.
Cover Box - Cabling
Prepare the cover box and install it to antenna rotator with rotator controller and cables.
The power - data cable must be passed inside the azimuth axis. This solution is tested in station 200 without problem.
In the other side of power cable must be installed a connector with 4 terminals and waterproof like Weipu - SP1310/P4I. Also it is needed to have the female connector for cable that connected to the client. For cheaper solution use a bigger cable to connect the rotator with client and power source.
The 3 CAT5e UTP cables are 2x sensors (encoders - end stops) 1x power and data (RS-485). For color code use 802.3af Standards A and B from the power sourcing equipment perspective.
The other cables are for DC motor or stepper motors. In each side of the CAT5e UTP cables must be put a Heat-shrinkable asreferred in BOM. Also a Heat-shrinkable must be putin the cable gland in rotator controller for motor cables.
Add velcro to mount the rotator controller outside the box. Velcro tape specifications: Heavy duty, stick on, max 7Kg, 50mm x 100mm. The tape might be used to mount client box in the rotator.
The final step. If everything is working properly, must be put the C1081-3 by using sheet metal screws as mentioned previously. In this step if the holes of C1081-3 are not aligned with the holes of the other two parts, C1082-5 and C1080-3, drill new holes and screw them, take a look in issue 73. Put stickers!!!!!!
You are ready! Proceed with testing.
Heading Calibration
The heading calibration is a manual process:
- Power the rotator, it starts moving in order to find the home position, to find the end-stops
- Remove the power from the rotator, the rotator is in home position
- Install the rotator to vertical axis by using U-Bolt clamps
- The azimuth axis it must be heading to the North, this is achieved by using a compass (e.g. from smart phone)
- Secure the rotator in the vertical axis
- Install the elevation axis with the same process, now the zero elevation is achieved by using a pocket level
- Secure the elevation axis
- In the case of wrong rotation:
- For stepper motors swap a pair of two stepper motor cables (it exists an open issue to be done by a command)
- For DC motors, change the sign of encoder reading, it is a hacky method but it would be resolved by this issue
Counterweight for Antenna
It is necessary to balance the antenna in elevation and azimuth axis in order to not wear the gear box of rotator. In elevation axis would be done either by using back mounted antennas or by mounting the center of antenna mass in the mast. For a back mounted antenna, it is necessary to use counter-balance weights. An idea is to use weights that is used for training (it's cheap). A part that used to mount weights to X-quad antenna is this 3D printing part. Another way to balance the antenna.
Mechanical Analysis [WIP]
Brake Torque
The greatest force the tracker needs to withstand is the force created by strong wind. The worst case is when one antenna is elevated at 90 degs, facing the direction of the wind. We based our calculations on an article found online after comparing it to others. We "translated" the second table in metric (because we don't understand imperial and because we needed same units system in our calculations)
|Wind Zone(km/h)
|Height (m)
|Generic Formula
and we applied the worst case model (EIA-222-F) in 3 different antennas: in the biggest one of our designs, and in two others, for which we obtained data from yaesu G800 rotator manual at page 3. We assumed that antennas are mounted in 1m away from the azimuth axis. For our antenna with 2m length (actual, not wavelength), made by 2cm square tube, the generated torque was ≈600Kg*cm. For the 144MHz 10-elements Yagi from the article is ≈6000Kg*cm and for the third 430MHz, 12-elements Yagi is ≈1800Kg*cm
Moment of inertia
Now for the moment of inertia: (for all installation methods we assumed that antennas are counterbalanced in the elevation axis) the worst case scenario here is to use two 3kg (our designs are less than 1kg) back mounted yagis with 3kg counterbalances both mounted in 0.75m away from azimuth axis. The torque you need in order to accelerate this system from ω=0deg/s angular velocity to ω=5deg/s (the math about angular velocity is below) in one second is about 60kg*cm.
Note: we suppose that the mass of antennas is near to the altitude axis, so the torque of this axis that is needed to accelerate is approximately 0.
- M1: torque of Azimuth axis
- L: length of center of mass of antennas from azimuth axis (0.75m)
- m: mass of antennas and of counterweight (3kg + 3kg = 6kg)
- I: moment inertia
- a: angular acceleration of azimuth axis 5deg/s^2
- I = I1 + I2 = m*L^2 + m*L^2 = 2*m*L^2 = 6.75 kg*m^2
- M1 = I*a = 6.75kgm^2 * 0.087rad/s^2 = 0.58 Nm = 5.8 kgm = 58 kgcm
Angular velocity
(How well do you remember trigonometry?)For the angular velocity max needed in altitude axis the things are straightforward. The closer is the satellite the larger the velocity. According to the wikipedia article about LEO, the lowest height limit is 160 km and the speed unit to orbit earth in this altitude is 7,8 km/s. As a result, maximum velocity in ALT axis is 2,8 deg/s. In ALT AZ rotator design there is a well known limitation: the closer something passes near zenith the biggest gets the velocity of the AZ axis. Therefore, we have analyzed this problem to figure out the optimal velocity and how high we are allowed to track a target in relation to AZ velocity. The picture below illustrates a ground station B which tracks a satellite Γ in X degrees altitude. The satellite velocity at this point is vertical to the screen (page) plane.
The equations that lead to maximum altitude at which we can track in relation to AZ angular velocity are
- ω : angular velocity of AZ DOF in rad/s
- H = ΑΕ + ΕΓ : Minimum Height of LEO, 160 km
- R = ΑΕ : Radius of Earth, 6500 km
- u : linear velocity of satellite that rotates in 160km height is 7.8 km/s
- ΒΔ = u / ω : ΒΔ in km
- α = atan(ΒΔ / R)
- δ = π - α
- γ = asin( sqrt(R^2+ΒΔ^2) * sin(δ) / (H+R) )
- ά = π - δ - γ
- ΓΔ = (H+R) * sin(ά) / sin(δ)
- χ = atan(ΓΔ / ΒΔ)
Below you can see the plot of the equations mentioned above, where horizontal axis represents angular velocity (ω) in deg/s and vertical axis shows the max track altitude (χ) for lower bound of LEO.
After studying this diagram, we came up to the conclusion that an angular velocity of 5 deg/s is adequate. For this decision, we took into consideration the main lobe of antenna (Δ3db) which in most situations is about 20 deg.
Horizontal distance between pulleys (P1, P2) is 58mm. Vertical distance between pulleys (P1, P2) is w = 9.5mm.
Pulleys and Belt are GT2, 2mm pitch. Belt width, 6mm. Belt thickness, 1.38mm (0.76 tooth).
Wrap angle in both pulleys is larger than 60deg. At least 6 teeth in contact with the pulley at any given time. In practice that means you want a minimum of a 12 tooth pulley, and usually try to get at least 18 teeth.
Outer Diameter of pulleys:
P(T) | OD(mm)
16 | 10.2
20 | 12.7
36 | 22.9
40 | 25.5
Belt calculation (according to calculator):
Ratio | P1(T) | P2(T) | Belt(T) | L(mm)
Motor Maximun no-load speed, 200RPM = 1200deg/s Motor Maximum stall-torue, 1.2Nm
Position of idler do not care, or min 1.3*P1, max 1.5*P1 (for 20T, ~16mm/~20mm).
Belt gear selection:
- 20/36 with 1.8 ratio and 86T/172mm belt without idler
- 20/40 with 2 ratio and 90T/190mm belt with idler
To calculate Deflection force, (page T-31, sdp - design-guidelines)
- Y = 2.05, Tst = 1.3kg
- span length, t = 57.64mm
- Belt pitch length, L = 180mm
- Fd,min =
- Fd,max =
- 2.8kg Working Tension [shapeoko - Belts and Pulleys](https://www.shapeoko.com/wiki/index.php/Belts_and_Pulleys#Tensile_Cord_Materials)
/ \
- Determination of design load
According to perfomance graph of DC motor, the optimal output power is Tm = 0.6Nm with efficiency of 0.2 and 100RPM = 600deg/s. Select a service factor of 1.5 (service factors between 1.5 and 2.0 are generally recommended when designing small pitch synchronous drives). Tpeak = SF*Tm = 1.5*0.6 = 0.9Nm
- Choice of belt pitch
Due to backslash and accuracy in both directions of movements and volume constrains, we choose GT2, pitch 2mm.
- Check belt pitch selection based on individual graphs
Due to Tpeak = 0.9Nm No-load speed,(Speed of fastest shaft) = 100RPM = 600deg/s GT2 pitch 2mm belt is the better solution for our application.
- Determine speed ratio
Speed ratio 1.8-2.25 according to specification of output rotation speed of 5deg/s.
- Check belt speed
V(m/s) = 0.0000524 x pulley PD (mm) x pulley rpm = 0.066548m/s Belt speeds up to 6,500 fpm (33.02 m/s) do not require special pulleys.
- Determine belt length
Table 'Belt calculation (according to calculator)' Teeth in mesh: 9
- Determine the belt width
From Table 43 torque = 0.17Nm Length Correction Factor = 0.9 width multiplier = 1.00 torque*Length Correction Factor*width multiplier = 0.17*0.9*1.00 = 0.153Nm Teeth in mesh: 9 Tpeak = 0.9Nm, so belt width is nice for our application
- Check the number of teeth in mesh
Teeth in mesh: 9 according to calculator
- Determine proper belt installation tension
SECTION 10, on page T50, look at 'To calculate Deflection force, (page T-31, sdp - design-guidelines)'
- Y = 2.05, Tst = 0.812*DQ/d + mS^2 = 12.8lb + 0 = 5.8kg
- DQ = Tpeak = 0.9Nm = 7.9lb-in
- d = 12.7mm = 0.5in
- S = (0.5*100/3.82)/1000 = 0.0131ft/min
- m = 0.039
- span length, t = sqrt(CD^2 - (PD-pd/2)^2) = 57.64mm
- Belt pitch length, L = 180mm
- t/L = 0.32
- Fd,min = 0.8lb = 0.36kg
- Fd,max = 0.9lb = 0.41kg
- Safety factor 1.5
- P2 timing pulley torque - Maximum radial load of timing belt ball bearing 625zz
Tpeak = 0.9Nm TorqueP2 = 2*0.9Nm = 1.8Nm, PDp2 = 25.5mm Radial static load of 625ZZ is 0.38kN T-39
- Maximum thrust load of timing belt ball bearing 625zz
- Maximum radial and thrust load of output ball bearings 6008zz
Calculate or evaluate correct loads for deep groove ball bearings radial static load = 11.6kN thrust static load = 0.7*11.6kN = 8.12kN This type of construction permits the bearings to support relatively high thrust load in either direction. In fact the thrust load capacity is about 70% of the radial load capacity. A ball bearing primarily designed to support radial load can also support high thrust load; because only few balls carry the radial load, whereas all the balls can withstand the thrust load.
- Maximum self-locking or back-drivable torque of gear box (according to more weak component)
It necessary to achieve [specs](https://community.libre.space/t/satnogs-rotator-version-3/226), 60Nm (6Kg in 1 meter)
- Nominal torque of drivable torque of gear box (according to more weak component) and maximum rotational speed of gear box
- sdp distance calculator
- belt GT2-6mm wide, 172mm
- belt GT2-6mm wide, 180mm
- idler pulley, no-teeth-ID3mm-OD18mm
- brecoflex - design-guidelines
- shreegeeimpex - design-guidelines
- sdp - design-guidelines
Motor Specification
General Specification about motors. The voltage and current consumption also it depends from the motor controller which is (maybe) different from SatNOGS Rotator Controller.
|Min-Max Stall Torque (Nm)
|0.4 - 1.5
|Min-Max Speed (RPM)
|100 - 200
|Size (mm) (LxWxH)
Worm Gear Box Calculations
- Gear ratio: i12 = 30
- Angle between axis of gears: δ = 90 deg
- Number of threads in worm: If i12 >= 30 then z1 = 1
- Number of teeth in worm wheel: z2 = i12*z1 = 30
- Center distance: initial case a = 45.5 mm
- Worm reference diameter: AGMA d01>= 11.5*(a/25.4)^0.875 = 19.15 mm, so d01 = 19.5mm
- Worm wheel reference: d02 = 2*a - d01 = 71.5 mm
- Axial module: ms = d02/z2 = 2.38 , so ms = 2.5
Recalculate d02, a with new axial module
- d02 = z2*ms = 75mm, a = (d02+d01)/2 = 47.25mm
- Axial pitch: ts = π*ms = 7.854mm
- Reference lead angle: γ0 = atan(d02/(i12*d01)) = 7.3 deg
- Worm tip diameter: dk1 = d01 + 2*hk = 24.5mm
- Worm teeth reference addendum in axial section: hk = hk* *ms = 2.5mm
- Worm tooth reference addendum coefficient: hk* = 1
- Worm root diameter: df1 = d01 - 2*hf = 13.5mm
- Worm tooth reference dedendum: hf = hf* _ms = 1.2_ms = 3mm
- Dedendum coefficient: hf* = 1.2
- Worm length: L = 2.5_ms_sqrt(z2+2) = 35.36mm
- Worm tooth thickness: smx1 = smx1* * ts = 3.927mm
- Tooth thickness coefficient: smx1* = 0.5
- Normal pressure angle: aon = 20 deg
- Worm wheel throat diameter: dk2 = d02+2*hk = 80mm
- Worm wheel root diameter: df2 = d02 - 2*hf = 69mm
- Worm wheel outside diameter: de2 = dk2 + 2*mx = 83.5mm
- Worm wheel tooth external addendum: mx = n*ms, 0.4<=n<=1.5
- Effective worm wheel face width: b2H,max = sqrt((2_a - df2)^2 - (2_a - de2)^2) = 23mm


text:
One man's garbage becomes another's power plant
By DAVID PORTER, Associated Press Writer David Porter, Associated Press Writer –
KEARNY, N.J. – Standing atop the 400-acre 1-E landfill, you get a panoramic view of the Meadowlands sports complex to the north and the New York City skyline to the east. You're also standing on a critical part of New Jersey's, and the nation's, energy future.
Decades' worth of household trash, construction waste and assorted refuse buried in the landfill are providing electricity to thousands of homes.
"It's like you're buying back your own garbage, but in a different form," said Tom Marturano, director of solid waste and natural resources for the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission, which owns and operates the 1-E site.
The Kearny site is among 21 landfills in New Jersey where methane gas produced by decomposing garbage is used as fuel to generate electricity, according to the state Board of Public Utilities.
That is almost as many as in the state of Texas and more than the combined number in Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma.
Nationwide, the federal Environmental Protection Agency counts 455 landfills that use their methane to generate electricity and has targeted more than 500 others as potential candidates through its Landfill Methane Outreach Program.
One of New Jersey's leading environmentalists envisions the state's landfills someday making more use of the sites by installing wind and solar power to supplement methane.
"We see landfills as potential New Age energy plants because you can combine all three and create a steady source of power — and not everybody wants a windmill in their backyard," said Jeff Tittel, executive director of the New Jersey chapter of the Sierra Club.
Marturano cautioned that adding wind farms might take awhile because landfill surfaces are constantly shifting, but the Meadowlands Commission already has plans to install 20 acres of solar panels on the southern side of the 1-E landfill.
Gov. Jon S. Corzine's Energy Master Plan touts landfill methane gas as one of the key renewable energy sources that the state hopes will combine to supply 30 percent of New Jersey's electricity by 2020. According to the plan, New Jerseyans produce 6.7 pounds of trash per day, 50 percent more than the national average.
While wind and solar power are in their relative infancy in New Jersey — Corzine recently announced the state's first offshore wind power project — landfills in the state have been collecting methane gas and using it as fuel to generate electricity for more than two decades.
Mike Winka, director of the Board of Public Utilities' clean energy office, said new landfills in New Jersey are required to be designed to accommodate methane gas collection.
Existing landfills can produce methane long after they've been shut down.
For example, the freshest garbage in the Kingsland landfill, adjacent to 1-E, dates to 1987, according to Marturano. That means the half-eaten Big Mac you threw away near the end of the Reagan administration may be helping to light your neighbor's home today.
Marturano estimates the 1-E landfill can keep collecting methane for 20 more years or so. He said the energy produced by the four landfills in the Meadowlands district powers about 25,000 homes.
The Edgeboro landfill in East Brunswick, operated by the Middlesex County Utilities Authority, has been collecting methane since 2001 and currently generates about 13 megawatts of electricity, enough for about 13,000 homes for a year, according to Public Service Electric and Gas, the state's largest utility.
The Middlesex County agency uses the electricity generated by the Edgeboro landfill's methane to power the county's wastewater treatment plant in Sayreville. Last year, that saved the authority about $3 million, according to executive director Rich Fitamant.
Methane gas is produced by micro-organisms that feed on organic matter in trash. The bacteria are not picky eaters and have adapted to feasting on wood, cardboard or plastic if food waste isn't available.
"It's evolution on a fast track," Marturano said.
Long tubes with perforated bases are drilled down into a landfill to collect the methane gas, which then is used as fuel to drive generators. Inactive landfills like 1-E are capped, usually with a plastic or rubber covering that prevents excess gas from escaping.
"People used to think of the landfills as wasted space," Marturano said. "But we're turning them from the juvenile delinquents of the district into productive members of society."


text:
I'd like to highlight one of Eyebeam's new residents:
Kenseth Armstead is a multimedia installation artist. His works have been exhibited at the Brooklyn Museum; the Whitney Museum of American Art; The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum; the Berlin VideoFest; and MIT List Visual Arts Center. His videos, drawings and sculptures are included in the collections of the Centre Pompidou, African American Museum and numerous public and private collections.
Recently, Kenseth was the Artist in Residence at Harvestworks (2006), the Castle Trebesice outside Prague, CZ (2006), and the Lower Manhattan Cultural Council's, Workspace Program (2007). Kenseth has co-authored multi-media installations collaboratively with the art-band, X-PRZ, which he co-founded with his mentor Tony Cokes in 1991. He was also the founding Managing Editor of Rhizome Internet, (rhizome.org) which he helped launch in 1996.
Kenseth currently resides in Brooklyn, where he maintains the digital atelier, Platinum Labs, and Catskill, NY, where he has constructed the large-scale sculpture & object fabrication shop, "ice studio." While at Eyebeam, Kenseth will work on his ongoing HD digital video production environment that utilizes hand-made sets and an "open-source casting's methodology to create the footage for the narrative feature-film Spook 1781. The film, which is based on a true story, relates the incredible tale of the spy / slave James Armistead Lafayette and how he ended the American Revolution.
Posted by ronn at March 24, 2009 11:26 AM


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Winthrop Meadow Velvet Pillow, square
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Cash Point Despook Day Feb. 20, 2016
Monthly Despook Day at Cash Point with Ed and Bonnie Dervage Note: upload in process. You are welcome to download the high resolution version for printing. It's free and thanks everybody for a great day. Check back over the next few days for additional uploads.Read More


text: Country Profiles Country Profiles Country Profiles // Main Details Egypt - Main Details Show map Legend: CBD Party CBD & CPB Party Non Party Selected country Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity or the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Biodiversity Facts Status and trends of biodiversity, including benefits from biodiversity and ecosystem servicesThe land area of Egypt is composed of desert (92%) and agricultural land (8%). The country comprises 22 main habitat groups such as: Gebel Elba; Mountains and Wadies of the Eastern Desert; Red Sea Littoral Habitats; Red Sea Islands; Red Sea Marine Habitats; Mountains and Wadies of South Sinai; Central and North Sinai; Mediterranean Wetlands; Nile Valley and Delta; Gebel Uweinat and Gilf Kebir; Western Desert Depressions and Oases; Sand and Dunes of the Western Desert; Western Desert Mediterranean Coast and Mediterranean. The main features of these dry land areas are rocky surfaces, eroded pavement, gravel desert, sand dunes, slopes, cliffs, yet the composition of plants in these areas differs one from the other. Three hundred and twenty-four species of fauna, and many species of flora, that exist in desert habitats are considered of ecological importance, especially in Sinai. Along with deserts, wetlands also constitute an important ecosystem, with 80 plants, 100 animals and 82 fish, notably along the Nile, spread over 1,530 km of the national territory. Overall, Egyptian biodiversity comprises 143 types of globally important species, 800 species of non-flowering plants, 2,302 flowering plants, 111 species of mammals, 480 species of birds, 109 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians, and more than 1,000 species of fish. There exists a large number of invertebrates, 10,000 to 15,000 species of insects, more than 200 types of coral species, 800 species of mollusks and over 1,000 crustaceans. Eighteen indigenous coral species are considered to be the world's best as a result of not having been subjected to coral bleaching. Two types of mangroves (Avicennia marina and Rhisphora mucronata) provide shelter for numerous species (40 species of insects, 72 species of butterflies, 65 molluscs, 17 polychaetes, 22 species of fish). Yet the abundance in species is likely to decline in the coming years. Overall, 51 species of mammals are already endangered, along with 26 bird species and 26 reptile species. In coastal ecosystems, which represent one of the most threatened natural habitats, endangered mammals amount to at least 17 species, sharks to 20, birds to 300, fish to 150, algae to 80, coral species to 20, molluses to 80, crustaceans to 60, with many seaweed species also currently at great risk. The mangrove ecosystem is also vulnerable in spite of its area having increased from 525 hectares in 2002, to 800 hectares by the end of 2007, as a result of the establishment of a protection program. In terms of mountain ecosystems, many of the 600 plant types, found primarily on Mount Sinai (Jabel Saraba), Mount Katrina, are now endangered. Further, the Sinai Tiger has not been seen for 20 years. The genetic components of some fauna and flora species support the development of medicinal, agricultural and industrial products as well as the basic daily needs of local communities. In addition, biodiversity supports the development of many new industries (e.g. ecotourism) which provide high economic return. Main pressures on and drivers of change to biodiversity (direct and indirect)Threats to biodiversity in Egypt are either directly or indirectly related to human impacts, with the former including excessive hunting, clear-cutting and deforestation, and the latter linked to habitat destruction for developmental purposes and all pollution types, including refuse from industry and human settlements. Excessive hunting is endangering several species of resident and migratory birds as well as a number of hoofed animals (e.g. gazelles). Pollutants in the air, water and soil (especially in rural areas) are also threatening a large number of plants and animals as well as leading to a substantial increase in other harmful exotic ones (e.g. species of rats, birds, red spider, American cotton worm). A famous example is the detrimental effect of the introduction of the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on life in the Nile River. Major threats to marine ecosystems include unregulated tourism, exploitation of marine resources, overfishing and fishing in illegal areas (e.g. breeding grounds) and coastal pollution. At present, 20% of Egyptians live in coastal areas which are also visited annually by 11 million tourists. In addition, more than 40% of industrial activity occurs in the coastal zone. Threats are accentuated by increases in the level of desertification due to climate change as well as in human populations. Many plant and animal species are located at the limits of their geographical or ecological distribution ranges. Under such conditions, these species have limited tolerance for ecological pressures, as is exemplified by corals in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. Measures to Enhance Implementation of the Convention Implementation of the NBSAPThe Egyptian NBSAP (1998) aims to establish a sound basis for the sustainable development of natural resources for meeting the needs of present and future generations, and harmonize conservation and development plans in relevant sectors (e.g. agriculture, industry, mining, housing, tourism). Three main issues are prioritized, namely: the development and management of existing protected areas with a view toward the creation of new ones; biodiversity assessment through monitoring and database updating; institutional development, capacity-building, partnership-building, outreach, securing sustainable financing of projects from donor states and organizations. It is believed that effective NBSAP implementation should be based on a highly participatory process, and adhere to the principle of social equity which affirms that benefits which arise from the sustainable use of biodiversity should be shared among all people, especially women and children. Work on revising the NBSAP has begun. Actions taken to achieve the 2020 Aichi Biodiversity TargetsA network of protected areas, representing the principal ecosystem types of scientific importance, has been established throughout the country and currently comprises up to 15% of the territory. Egypt intends to increase this figure to 20% by 2017. Programs have also been established for the conservation and management of important and sensitive ecosystems and habitats outside the natural protected areas network, especially in marine and coastal environments and arid lands. In situ programs for conserving restricted ranges and globally threatened species of plants and animals (e.g. sea turtles) have been elaborated. Ex situ conservation is provided through national germplasm banks as well as through captive breeding centres for breeding and the reintroduction of rare, endemic, threatened and extinct plant and animal species. Egypt's proposed Natural History Museum promotes research and training in biodiversity and also has a large capacity for conducting educational and awareness-raising activities. Management programs for hunting, fisheries and rangelands have been introduced. Particular attention has been given to the development of ecological tourism along the warm coasts of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. Support mechanisms for national implementation (legislation, funding, capacity-building, coordination, mainstreaming, etc.)Egypt is among the first countries in the world to have taken an active interest in biodiversity conservation and the preservation of natural resources and heritage at the international and regional levels. Egypt became a Party to the Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in their Natural State in 1936 and to the Agreement for the Establishment of a General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean Sea in 1952, and a Party to several other related agreements since. At the national level, strategies were approved for wetlands (2005), ecotourism (2006) and the maintenance of natural habitats (2007), involving various institutions, such as the National Commission for Sustainability, the National Committee for the Integrated Management of Coastal Areas, the National Committee on Climate Change and the National Committee on Wetlands and Sub-Humid Areas, with a view to aligning political strategies and work plans. As well, programs have been introduced for enhancing the effectiveness of relevant government agencies, as have studies on the need for new institutions at the central and local government levels. Finally, programs for mobilizing financial resources from national and international sources have been launched in support of projects favouring biodiversity conservation. Mechanisms for monitoring and reviewing implementationAs part of a major biodiversity data management program, the National Biodiversity Unit (NBU) has established a biodiversity database containing information available on representatives of the various taxonomic groups in the country. This database is the nucleus of a national network connecting scientific establishments and referral collections (e.g. herbaria, botanic gardens, zoos) in universities, research centers and scientific societies (e.g. Entomological Society of Egypt). The country intends to make the database globally available via the web. The following reports have been produced by national experts: Ecosystems as seen from a geographical perspective; Guide to the Mammals of Natural Protected Areas in Egypt; Reptiles of Egypt; Natural Protected Areas of Egypt; Marine Algae of Alexandria; Checklist of the Flora of Egypt; Fungal Biota in Egypt; Birds known to occur in Egypt; Freshwater Fishes of Egypt.


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Things to consider
There are many aspects to assessing a broker's services in general, maybe even too many to list. Below, we'll focus on the most important criteria that should be taken into account when determining whether a broker is good for beginners.
A beginner-friendly broker should have:
- an excellent web and mobile trading platform
- low fees
- great educational tools
- good customer service
- an easy account opening process
- low minimum deposit
Legitimacy is also very important, but since we recommend only legit brokers regulated by top-tier financial authorities, this is one thing you don't have to worry about.
More and more people are looking to become a player on financial markets either as traders or investors. However, when researching the basics, it can be easy to feel overwhelmed by the sheer amount of information available online.
This is where BrokerChooser offers a helping hand. The reason is simple: choosing the right service, especially when you are taking your first steps in trading, is highly important.
In this article we'll check whether ATFX is the right choice for a starting trader.
Disclaimer: 59.38% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.
Is ATFX good for beginners
Is ATFX good for beginners?
Based on our scoring methodology, ATFX is not considered good for beginners. If you'd like to see alternatives, check out our picks for the best brokers for beginners.
Let's take a look at its services one by one, following the criteria we set above, to get the whole picture.
- 💻 ATFX's web platform has some good things to offer: Clear fee report. Good customizability (for charts, workspace). Order confirmation. However, some things may not be suitable for beginners. Areas of improvement: No two-step (safer) login. No price alerts. Poor design.
- 📱 Sadly, ATFX's mobile platform is not its strongest side, but there are a few positive aspects to it: User-friendly. Good search function. Modern design. On the other hand, there are some things that could be improved: No two-step (safer) login. No Touch/Face ID login. No order confirmation.
- 🕖 An account opening process is great when it is seamless from the get-go. ATFX does an excellent job in this area: Fast. Fully digital. User-friendly.
- 📚 ATFX's education materials are a great place to start: Demo account. Trading platform tutorial. Educational videos. This makes ATFX's material worthy reading.
- 📞 Phone support. Live chat. Great phone support. However, there is some room for improvement in ATFX's customer service: No 24/7 support. Slow communication via email.
- 💰 Low minimum deposits and low-cost transactions are attractive for new traders. ATFX's deposit and withdrawal processes have some good things to offer: Credit/Debit card available. Free withdrawal. No deposit fee.
Is ATFX good for beginners
Overview of ATFX's services
Let's take an overall look at how ATFX compares to its peers when it comes to platforms, fees, account opening and education tools. Our scores are on a scale of 1.0 to 5.0, from worst to best.
|Admirals (Admiral Markets)
|Web platform score
|2.8 stars
|2.8 stars
|3.8 stars
|Mobile platform score
|3.8 stars
|3.8 stars
|4.7 stars
|Account opening score
|5.0 stars
|5.0 stars
|5.0 stars
|Education score
|5.0 stars
|5.0 stars
|5.0 stars
|Customer service score
|3.8 stars
|5.0 stars
|5.0 stars
|Deposit and withdrawal score
|4.5 stars
|5.0 stars
|4.5 stars
If you wish to read more about ATFX, click 'Visit Broker' to go to the broker's website. We also have a detailed review of the broker that you can read by clicking on the 'More' button.
Is ATFX good for beginners
Is ATFX legit?
We hear more and more stories each day about clients who lost their money to scammers from Telegram or through unregulated services. BrokerChooser only features brokers that have top-tier financial regulators. As such, ATFX is a legit and trusted broker.
If you'd like to know more, check out our deeper dive into ATFX's legitimacy.
Is ATFX good for beginners
Where can I find more information?
If ATFX is not the right broker for you, go ahead and check out our picks for Best Brokers for Beginners in 2023 for some alternatives.
Also, if you feel that some things weren't clear when it comes to the brokerage world, no worries. We have lots of content to cover your questions. You can find our articles in the Education section of our site.
For example, if you want to know how to buy shares online and how the whole process works, there's an article about that. If you'd like to learn more about investing in stocks or what short selling is, we have articles about these topics too.
We have also written a few materials that focus on recent events in the news, like what a short squeeze is.
We hope you found all of the information above useful. If you have any questions, we'd love to hear from you, just write to us at [email protected]. See you there!


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By The Open Group Conference Team
It's that time again! The Open Group is busily preparing for the Newport Beach Conference, taking place Jan. 28-31, 2013. As you begin packing, charge up your smartphones and bring your digital cameras: We'll be hosting The Open Group Photo Contest once again! The prize is a free pass to attend any one of the Open Group conferences in 2013!
The contest is open to all Newport Beach Conference attendees. Here are the details for those of you who have yet to participate or need a refresher on our guidelines.
The categories will include:
- The Real O.C. Award – any photo taken in or around Newport Beach.
- The Newport Beach Conference Award – any photo taken during the conference. This includes photos of keynote speakers, candid photos of Open Group members, group sessions, etc.
Participants can submit photos via Twitter using the hashtag #ogPhoto, or via email to firstname.lastname@example.com. Please include your full name and the photo's category upon submission. The submission period will end on Friday, February 8 at 5:00 p.m. PT, with the winner to be announced the following week.
All photos will be uploaded to The Open Group's Facebook page. Facebook members can vote by "liking" a photo; photos with the most "likes" in each category will win the contest. Photos will be uploaded in real-time, so the sooner you submit a photo, the more time members will have to vote on it.
Below are previous photo contest winners from the Barcelona Conference in 2012:
Modernista Award: For best photo taken in or around Barcelona
Winner: Craig Heath
"Barcelona Sky from the Fundació Joan Miró"
Best of Barcelona Conference Award: For any photo taken during conference activities
Winner: Leonardo Ramirez
A flamenco dancer at the Tuesday night event


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Montana Revenues Driven by Individual Income Tax, Possibly Increased in 2012 Because of Tax Uncertainty
Montana Legislative Services Fiscal Analyst Stephanie Morrison has been studying the major sources of revenue for the state of Montana during the past fiscal year and says one source stood out significantly.
"We've been able to take a look at what happened last year in terms of general fund revenue," Morrison said. "In Montana we have sort of top seven sources that we take a look at. The top source, by far, was individual income tax, and in 2013 it came in at just a skosh over fifty percent."
The personal income tax brought over one billion, forty-eight million dollars into Montana state coffers. That total represents a dramatic seventeen percent jump from the prior year. Economists are still trying to figure out what happened, but there is one dominant theory.
"A big part of that may have been due to federal tax uncertainty at the end of calendar 2012," Morrisson said. "There's certainly a lot of anecdotal evidence of people, because of potentially increased capital gains rates on the federal level, realizing their capital gains in calender 2012 when they might not have otherwise done so."
The second highest source of revenue was property tax which contributed about 12 percent of total revenues. Followed closely by corporation tax, which contributed about eight percent. All other streams of revenue contributed less than five percent each.


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- Home
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Satellite Radio Accessories
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Open Box and Refurbished Gear
- Quantity Discounts
You have no items in your shopping cart.
For those of you with the 2007 and newer IS or LS lineup of Lexus, we now offer an adapter kit to integrate your aftermarket SAT radio using the factory \"Shark Fin\" antenna that comes standard on your Lexus. This is the perfect way to gain all the luxuries of satellite radio without compromising the look of your car.
NOTE: SFA12F could be used for both XM and SIRIUS radio integration.
* - Cable length 12 ft, female connector.


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Standing on the Promises or Sitting on the Premises?
Published May 2007
Are you standing on the promises or just sitting on the premises? Do you claim and embrace and celebrate the great promises of God that are underscored again and again in the Bible? Or do you sit lifelessly and listlessly on the remote edges of the church, responding halfheartedly to its message?
In this new edition of his inspiring book, James W. Moore awakens us with these questions and reminds us of the awesome promises of God that are found in the Bible. On page after page of the Scriptures, God gives us generous and gracious promises that we can claim and rely on. The author shows that when we fail to lean on God and trust in these promises, we open ourselves to many frustrating, embarrassing, even painful experiences. Yet when we truly "stand on the promises," we discover the richness and fullness that God intended for our lives.
This new edition of the book includes a study guide.


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Any woman can have the body of a 21-year-old, as long as she buys him a few drinks first.
My memory's not as sharp as it used to be. Also, my memory's not as sharp as it used to be.
Know how to prevent sagging? Just eat till the wrinkles fill out.
I've still got it, but nobody wants to see it.
I'm getting into swing dancing.. Not on purpose. Some parts of my body are just prone to swinging.
It's scary when you start making the same noises as your coffeemaker.
I think I've reached my sexpiration date.
People our age can still enjoy an active, passionate sex life! Provided we get cable or that dish thing.
The good news is that even as we get older, guys still look at our boobs. The bad news is they have
to squat down first.
These days about half the stuff in my shopping cart says, "For fast relief."
I've tried to find a suitable exercise video for women my age, but they haven't made one called "Buns of Putty."
Don't think of it as getting hot flashes. Think of it as your inner child playing with matches.
Don't let aging get you down. It's too hard to get back up.
Remember: You don't stop laughing because you grow old, You grow old because you stop laughing.
THE SENILITY PRAYER - Grant me the senility to forget the people I never liked anyway, the good fortune to run into the ones I do, and the eyesight to tell the difference.
Just plain good old jokes...
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In 2006, the OECD and Russian Federation held a joint workshop in Moscow, Russian Federation, on "Biosecurity of microbial biological resources – complementing innovation". 85 participants from 15 countries came together to discuss the difficult policy challenge of securing dangerous pathogens without compromising the potential benefits of biomedical research for society. The workshop succeeded in raising awareness among key stakeholders from Ministries of Foreign affairs, Health and Security, Industry, Academia and Civil society that biosecurity is a topic distinct from biosafety and builds on it.
In the Chairman's summary, participants concluded that the OECD should take forward work to foster international cooperation by developing best practice on risk analysis frameworks for biosecurity with broad participation from relevant stakeholders. For further information, please contact us on : [email protected]
Related Documents


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Since taking a 1999 sabbatic leave in India, Kathryn Myers's small-scale observational paintings have been richly informed by Indian life and culture. At Bose Archives last month, she recalled how she fell in love with the art and people of this huge, colorful dempcracy. Myers has enthusiastically curated numerous exhibitions of contemporary Indian art, and in 2011 she began working on a series of video interviews with the artists, now available on her new website, Regarding India. The following is an excerpt from the Bose interview.
"Growing up in Chicago and attending college (St. Xavier) and graduate school in the Midwest, (UW-Madison) I had no particular exposure to Indian art and had not traveled at all outside of the Midwest. My main focus was on the contemporary gallery scene in Chicago which was the closest one to me at the time, and then New York when I moved to the east coast to teach at the University of Connecticut in 1984. As I traveled to Europe on different artist residencies in the 90�s I came to know more about contemporary European art.
"I went to India for the first time in 1999 on a sabbatical leave from my university and I stayed at two artist residencies, The Kanoria Centre in Ahmedabad and Sanskriti Kendra in New Delhi, each for a month and traveled for a month between. I did not know much about India at all, maybe a minimal amount about miniature painting, I had never seen any Indian art in person that I remember, so I was very na�ve and uninformed and thus probably also very open to wherever the experience might take me. Everything from activity on the streets, the regional diversity of Indian geography, food, popular culture, religion, architecture and national and local politics was a revelation. I veered between moments of ecstasy and despair and many feelings in-between, nothing had ever in my life produced such strong and constantly shifting emotions. I came to love the old city of Ahmedabad in particular and have visited many times since to visit close friends. From Delhi I traveled all over Rajasthan and also to Khajuraho and Varanasi. (Varanasi remains my favorite city in India). I loved seeing art in all of the museums. Aside from Folk art I was drawn to miniature painting and work that I will describe as �diagrammatic or ritual� from Jain traditions as well as tantric cosmology diagrams etc.
"However, it was my visit to the Crafts museum in Delhi that had at that time, the greatest impact. I always say that it was the first day of the rest of my visits to India. I felt powerfully drawn to work I saw there and when I came back I threw myself into research, relying on friends with more knowledge of India than I did who guided my research and eventually encouraged me to apply for a Fulbright. I was starting from scratch because I wanted to know everything at once, about religion and philosophy and art. (I now have a very substantial library of books on all of these subjects that started then.)
"I also had in 2002 an amazing opportunity to curate what turned out to be a very large exhibition of Indian art, titled "Masala, Diversity and Democracy in South Asian Art" at our university museum, the Benton Museum of Art, I worked on that for several years and it opened in 2004. It was as someone described a �crash course in Indian art� and was reviewed by Holland Cotter in the NY Times and in Art India magazine. It introduced me to many artists in the Diaspora, including two artists who co-curated two sections of the show, photography, Annu Matthew and art of the Diaspora, Siona Benjamin. Bose Pacia loaned most of the contemporary work and it was through Bose Pacia that I really came to know and appreciate contemporary Indian art.
"To continue the sense of synergy at that time, UConn also started a new India studies program for which I served on the board. It was then that I created my new course Indian Art and Popular Culture. This course allowed me to organize what I had been learning on my own in a form and structure that would allow me to share my love of Indian art with my students.
"My interest in contemporary art came later. When I first came to India, aside from hearing about and then meeting with Peter Nagy, from Nature Morte Gallery in Delhi, there was not much that was accessible to me about contemporary art and I was much more interested in miniature painting and folk art, types of art that many artists who travel to India are initially drawn to. My interest in contemporary art started during my Fulbright in 2002 when I was meeting art professors and students and it was through these personal connections that I developed an interest in researching Indian contemporary art…." Read more.
Kathryn Myers's work is currently on view in exhibitions at Aurodhan Art Gallery, Pondicherry, and Galeria De Belas Arts in Goa, India.
Related posts:
Grounded in India
Gouache-apolooza in Chelsea
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Reese Witherspoon and Husband Jim Toth Arrested and Jailed in Atlanta
Academy Award winning actress Reese Witherspoon was arrested and jailed along with husband Jim Toth Friday morning in Atlanta, Georgia, when a police officer observed Toth weaving outside of his lane in traffic. Toth was arrested for DUI, while Witherspoon was handcuffed and arrested for alleged disorderly conduct when she refused to cooperate with law enforcement.
Variety broke the story on Sunday. Toth, 42, the co-head of motion picture talent at Creative Artists Agency (CAA), is facing a DUI charge and a second charge for failing to maintain a lane while driving, and is due in court in Atlanta on Monday at 8 a.m., but is not expected to appear. The couple was in Atlanta because Witherspoon, 37, has been shooting the indie film, "The Good Lie." Sources tell Variety that production on the film was not interrupted. Witherspoon's rep is not issuing comment.
Toth was pulled over just after midnight Friday morning while driving a silver 2013 Ford Focus after the arresting officer saw him weaving across a double line on the city's famous Peachtree Street, according to the police report, obtained by omg!. The officer administered a sobriety test on the scene, and later a breathalyzer, for which he blew a .139.
The officer instructed Toth to pull over into a nearby Walgreens parking lot. According to the report, Witherspoon became upset while still in the vehicle and the officer requested that she stay in the car for her own safety.
"Mrs. Witherspoon began to hang out the window and say that she did not believe that I was a real police officer," the report continued. "I told Mrs. Witherspoon to sit on her butt and be quiet."
When Toth was arrested, Witherspoon exited the vehicle and then was told by the officer to get back in it. She "stated that she was a 'U.S. citizen' and that she was allowed to 'stand on American ground.' I put my hands on Mrs. Witherspoon's arms to arrest her. Mrs. Witherspoon was resistant but I was able to put handcuffs on her without incident due to Mr. Toth calming her down."
The report continued, "Mrs. Witherspoon asked, 'Do you know my name?' I answered, 'No, I don't need to know your name.' I then added, 'right now.' Mrs. Witherspoon stated, 'You're about to find out who I am.' I stated, 'I am not worried about you ma'am.'"
The report continued, "Mrs. Witherspoon also stated, 'You are going to be on national news.' I advised Mrs. Witherspoon that was fine."
The "Legally Blonde" star's alleged violation was "disorderly conduct (obstruction)," which is reportedly a local municipal ordinance.
Witherspoon and Toth have been married since March 2011 and have one son, Tennessee James Toth, together, born in September 2012. The actress has two children -- Ava, 13, and Deacon, 9 -- with her first husband, Ryan Phillippe.
But it was business as usual for Witherspoon Sunday night in New York City, where she still attended the premiere of her film "Mud," co-starring Matthew McConaughey. "omg! Insider" was on the red carpet and asked her co-stars about the incident. McConaughey refused to comment and the news caught Sarah Paulson and director Jeff Nichols by surprise. Witherspoon arrived at the premiere alone and took photos but did not speak to reporters.
More Celebrity Features on Yahoo!:


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Here's an excerpt from the review, by Matt Harris:
The essays, though not of equal quality, cover Madison the "Philosopher, Founder, and Statesman," which is the subtitle of the book. It is divided into six sections spanning a range of topics including Madison's intellectual influences, Madison's constitutional contributions, Madison and religious freedom, Madison as president and party leader, and Madison and the Supreme Court. Though some of the essays lack originality and insight, they offer a trenchant insight into why Madison is important "for understanding the American experiment in constitutional government" (p. vii).Harris concludes that, taken together, the essays
provide a rich and nuanced look at Madison's life and legacy. In addition, they suggest new lines of inquiry for scholars to pursue. Finally, they force us to grapple with the editors' claim that Madison was indeed primus inter pares among his countrymen with respect to liberty under law, freedom of conscience, and for "understanding the American experiment in constitutional government" (p. vii).You can read the full review here.


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Are you new to the game of Pickleball? Did you attend a free Pictona Pickleball 101 clinic? Are you seeking out other beginner players to play this incredibly FUN game with?
Then Novice Play is for you!
This is a twice weekly scheduled time when new players can come to Pictona and find other beginner players to play with. Novice Play will occur every Sunday from 10am to noon and Wednesday evenings from 5pm to 7pm. Check the whiteboard at the Welcome Desk for court assignments.
Both members and non members are welcome to participate in Novice Play.
Grab your paddle and come play this incredibly fun and highly addictive game with other players at your skill level! This is a great opportunity to continue to learn the rules and scoring of Pickleball, as well as develop your skills.
Once you are done playing come join us for a delicious meal and cold drink in The Kitchen, Pictona's on site restaurant! Check out The Kitchen menu here.


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The kids have stopped by the Banana Slakoth Garden on their way to Lilycove City, but the gate is closed and the trees have no fruit on them. When they meet the director, a man named Marcel, they find out a Snorlax came down from the mountains looking for food, and has been eating all of the bananas.
Ash decides the only way to take care of the Snorlax is to catch it, so he and Pikachu confront the giant Pokémon just after it eats. Unfortunately, Pikachu's attacks have no effect and Snorlax puts them all to sleep with its Yawn attack.
After consulting with Professor Oak, they get the recipe for a PokéBlock that will feed the ravenous Normal-type, and he advises them to use a Pokémon that can't be put to sleep to catch it. Slakoth's evolved form, Vigoroth, is one such Pokémon.
Marcel talks to all of the Slakoth, trying to convince them to help save their home, and one comes forward. They have it battle and defeat all of Ash's Pokémon, gaining enough experience to evolve into a Vigoroth. The next time the Snorlax wakes up, Marcel and Vigoroth challenge it to a battle.
When Snorlax's Yawn attack proves ineffective, it uses Hyper Beam instead. Vigoroth attacks furiously, eventually knocking down the giant Pokémon with Focus Punch.
The park reopens, the Slakoth are happy, and Marcel shows the kids what he did with the Snorlax—placed it in the center of a relaxation chamber where people can take a refreshing nap.