text:
Two French Internet watchdogs have lost their teeth following a change in the law on Tuesday and a ruling by the Constitutional Court last week.
Those accused by the High Authority for the Distribution of Works and the Protection of Rights on the Internet (Hadopi) of illegally downloading copyright works in France no longer risk losing their Internet access, following a change in the law promulgated Tuesday, although it will now be easier to fine them.
And it will take another change in the law before network operators need fear the French telecommunications regulator, Arcep, which last week lost the power to impose penalties on companies breaking its rules.
France was one of the first countries to introduce a so-called "three strikes" law to discourage the unauthorized downloading of copyright works. Internet subscribers who failed to secure their connection, allowing it to be used for illegal downloads, were warned, first by email, then by registered letter and finally with a convocation to be interviewed by Hadopi. If illegal downloads continued, a court could suspend subscribers' Internet connections and fine them up to €1,500 (US$2,000). Now they face only a fine.
The unpopular Hadopi was created by the previous government, and the change in the law follows the recommendations of a report commissioned by the current government.
Minister of culture Aurélie Filippetti welcomed the decree changing the law. "That's it for Internet suspensions! The time for change is now," she said via her Twitter account, echoing her party's slogan in the 2012 presidential election.
The decree also ordered ISPs to provide the contact details of accused subscribers either through a Web service or on electronic media in machine-readable form. This provision is aimed at ISPs such as Free, which provided the details only in printed form, complicating and slowing the authority's administrative processes, in protest at its failure to cover their own administrative costs. Between October 2010 and June 30, 2012, the authority sent out 1.15 million warning emails, with just 14 subscribers being summoned to interview.
Until another law is changed, there will be no penalties at all for those who cross Arcep, the French telecommunications regulator. In 2011, cable operator Numéricable had challenged the regulator's authority to impose a €5 million fine. In a decision published Friday, the Constitutional Court ruled that Arcep may no longer impose sanctions until its investigative and judicial functions are separated.
The law defining Arcep's functions and powers failed to respect the constitutional principle of impartiality by allowing the president of the regulator to direct both the investigation of breaches of regulation and the imposition of penalties for such breaches, the court ruled. It ordered that the part of the law granting it the power to impose such penalties be immediately struck out. A new law will be required to restore its powers.
It's not the first time poorly drafted laws have rendered French regulatory bodies toothless: Later this month, the French National Assembly is due to discuss changes to the law that will restore the powers of the Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel, the country's broadcasting regulator.


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First post, by kolijoco
- Rank
- Newbie
hi all,
with the help of some gurus on the forum, i've finally gotten my s60 (wincw emu for now) build to run - which has been done before -, and also to run a dos game (magic candle) - which i'm not so sure has been done.
anyway, if all goes well, there will be some updates and hopefully a sisx release soon...
here's a shot :-)
ps: eye of the beholder actually plays! i had to do some key mapping so that i can make the setup choices, but after that the sdl virtual mouse pointer worked (almost) like a charm :-)
ps2: an emulator running in an emulator... creepy :-)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Welcome to the Hidden Street Forum.
11th August 2023, 09:45 PM
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Encountered any errors while visiting Hidden Street? We appreciate any feedback and suggestions!
(Feedback - GMS Database) Welche Vorteile des...
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Where all approved user-submitted guides are. This board is only for guide submissions - to ask questions, please post at our Hunting Ground board.
[Night Walker] The Guide to Night...
2nd August 2023, 02:41 AM
Welcome aboard! Introduce yourself or ask any newbie questions before you journey on to the real adventures of MapleStory.
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Share your strategy, techniques and tips to improve your gameplay - or ask your questions here.
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Payday!!! The money pit known as MapleStory. MTS, NX, and other things to spend your allowance on!
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Most users ever online was 6,146, 26th May 2011 at 11:16 PM.
Welcome to our newest member, andrewnielsen14


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Cruisin' with Susan
Posted on: April 30, 2008
We'd both wanted to do it. We lay there on the ground, shivering in the night air as much from fear as the cold.
"I wish I had more body fat," moaned Susan, "I wish I had more body fat".
Susan — my friend and climbing partner — a wealthy, blond haired, blue eyed, 50 year old mother of 3 with the face of a 30 year old and the body of a gal a decade younger, didn't normally profess a desire for zaftig proportions, but tonight was different. The sky had turned from a deep periwinkle to blackness so vast and impenetrable that angels quaked with trepidation. Clouds were forming, gray and wispy, like the hair in an old man's ear.
The sun rose behind us rendering the eastern horizon a backdrop of vermilion and canary as we reached the base of our quarry: Moby Grape — a thousand foot alpine classic on perfect East Coast granite. I led the first pitch, a 180 foot splitter the width of a grapefruit. My thin, delicate climbing shoes — perfect for smearing on Gunks Conglomerate — were ill-suited to jamming granite cracks. To minimize my agony I moved quickly, placing sparse protection. Anchoring at the top of the pitch, I brought Susan up.
We swapped gear and, being the stronger climber, she led the next and remaining 7 pitches. Through the Triangle Roof, the Finger of Fate (a massive detached shark's fin hanging precariously from the cliff), several pitches of face and chimney climbing and onto the summit. Topping out, we sat at the cliff edge, silent, staring into the gloaming; relaxed; torpid.
As Apollo's chariot clocked out for the day, the wind screamed over the ridge-line. Wearing nothing more than light weight Capaline, we shivered from the cold as we changed our shoes and coiled the ropes. It was a moonless night and even with our headlamps it was as dark and black as a lawyer's soul. "Walk North along the cliff edge to an old helicopter pad," I shouted over the wind, reading the instructions for the descent, "then turn east, past some impenetrable brush and gain the descent trail."
We picked our way along the top of the cliff, being careful not to walk off the edge. Often during times of stress, the mind wanders, mine to a trip many years ago to Europe. I was lucky enough to spend a few weeks one summer hiking through the Swiss Alps with an irascible Scotsman named Jimmy. At every nook, cranny and overhang Jimmy would growl: "Aye, thars a good bivy".
Following the directions, Susan and I passed each of the landmarks and continued toward what we thought was the descent trail, passing a deep gouge along the way. Dead ending at the cliffs edge we shined our headlamps into the void, revealing — a void. The wind was a hard slap in the face. We were dressed for mid-August, but with conditions more like mid-October we were quickly becoming hypothermic.
"We have to get some shelter or we're completely stuffed," I shouted. Like Obi Wan of the Highlands, Jimmy's voice echoed in my head: "Thars a good bivy," he whispered.
"We're staying here; we bivy" I shouted over the wind, pointing to the grave-like trench we'd passed earlier.
We carefully stacked the ropes to provide insulation from the cold ground, crawled inside large, plastic mattress bags I carry for situations such as this (Aye, thars a good Boy Scout) and bedded down for the night. Despite her affluence (including four homes and a shoe closet so vast the boxes require their own mug shots), Susan's tripe was as solid as the granite upon which we laid. She calmly phoned Damian, her butler, and instructed him to inform Vincent, her chef, not to expect us for dinner.
We both slept fitfully. The combination of cold night air and our warm bodies caused condensation to form on the inside of the bags, rendering us as cold and dank as a witches kiss The wind howled above us but we were as safe and snug as could be under the circumstances.
I was deep in the velvet womb of slumber when I was awakened by a cold fluid dripping on my face. I opened my eyes and water was pouring off the side of the trench and onto my head.
"Susan," I said, voice shaking, "it's raining"
"Oh God," she replied, "We are so..."
Laying there cold, wet and shivering, I thought of my beautiful wife and daughter back in New York and how warm and comfortable they were. How my final hours could be spent suffering or consumed by the pleasures of a woman who had spent her single years in New York City in the 1970's and, more likely than not, knew how to work the gear, even cold, wet and inside a plastic bag. Such thoughts, both pure and profane, keep a man sane in survival situations.
By sunrise the rain had transitioned from downpour to drizzle. We got up, packed up and back tracked along the trail. As we approached our last waypoint it became clear where we had gone wrong. Major rockfall a few weeks prior had obliterated both New Hampshire's "Old Man" feature on Cannon Cliff as well as the top of the descent trail. Had we continued, one of us would have taken the express route to the talus below.
We stopped at a nearby diner on the drive back from the cliff. Despite the questionable quality of the fare, we ate like Vikings.
"Not exactly what you're used too," I said, pointing to the eggs with the consistency of brain matter and the slab of carbonized bread nearby. "And last night wouldn't be mistaken for the Bellagio."
"Yeah," she replied, smiling, "but I wouldn't have missed it for the world."


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Baltimore is set to pay $250,000 to a man who says police seized his cellphone and deleted the video of an arrest at the Preakness Stakes in 2010, according a settlement proposal that will be presented to the city's spending panel this month.
Police "vigorously" dispute the allegations by Christopher Sharp who claimed officers violated his First and Fourth Amendment rights when they took his phone after the arrest of his female friend at Pimlico Race Course.
But the city lawyers said in the two-page document that because of "factual disputes," a settlement will help the city "to resolve this litigation economically and to avoid the expense, time and uncertainties" of a potential jury verdict.
The case led to new city policies that uphold the right of citizens to record police.
George Nilson, the city solicitor, said the settlement was reached because both the police and law departments "thought it was the right thing to do." He declined further comment, saying the matter was expected to come before the Board of Estimates on March 12.
A police spokesman did not respond to a request for comment.
Sharp, who was represented by the American Civil Liberties Union of Maryland, sued the city after an incident on May 15, 2010, during which he says officers deleted video of his friend being beaten by the police.
Both police and Sharp have said that they don't know the identity of the officers allegedly involved.
In a statement, Meredith Curtis, a spokeswoman for the ACLU, said, "Christopher Sharp and the ACLU are heartened that progress towards an amicable settlement was finally made recently. We are hopeful that the negotiated settlement agreement will be positively considered and approved by the Board of Estimates."
Last year, a federal judge rebuked police for engaging in a "veritable witch hunt" into Sharp and ordered the department to pay $1,000 for a "not so subtle attempt to intimidate the plaintiff." According to court documents, the department contacted Sharp's ex-wife and former employers for information on his personal life in an attempt to determine whether he "is a drug addict."
The spending board is also set to consider a $35,000 settlement with Mary Thompson, a woman who sued the city after a teacher allegedly closed a door on her son's hand at Baltimore Freedom Academy.
Thompson claims that a teacher was negligent when he allegedly slammed her son's right hand in the door on Oct. 6, 2011, according to the settlement. The boy opened the door after the teacher asked him to stay in a classroom for misbehaving when the teacher closed the door on the child's hand, the documents state.
The boy required surgery for the injury.


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Customer Service Advisor - Military Veterans
at Pep Boys
Position Summary
Pay Rate: Max: $16.50/Hour - Min: $11.00/ Hour
Contribute to the growth of the organization across all lines of business through customer engagement, expert product and service knowledge, follow-up, and follow through at the service desk, on the sales floor, and at the register.
Duties & Responsibilities
- First point of contact for customers on the phone and in the store. Responsible for engaging customers, scheduling appointments, building trust, understanding needs, communicating processes and timelines, and selling parts and service that make the customer's car run at peak efficiency; adheres to Company Customer Care standards to meet customer expectations.
- Responsible for the organization and productivity of the service business through work order and register transactions, thorough vehicle inspections, and service and replacement part knowledge.
- Under the direction of Management, assists in various aspects of customer care, work order and register assistance, facility maintenance, and Outside Purchase (OP) ordering.
- Follow all policies and procedures related to cash, credit, check, refund and return policies. Works with the management team to react to customer service issues, customer complaints, and/or business opportunities.
- Conduct and participate in routine express automotive services, including tire mounting, balancing, rotations, and repair; oil changes, fluid top-offs, lubrications, filter and bulb replacement; battery installation, starting and charging system testing; cosmetic car services, and thorough vehicle inspection.
- Primary driving force behind the implementation and constant execution of safety procedures, ensuring wheel torque and oil/fluid services are performed per standard operating procedure directives.
- Partner with Management to produce a safe and health work environment that complies with all local, state, and federal laws, as well as with company policies and procedures.
- Effectively communicate with all associates, management, and customers; interprets and retains information and applies knowledge appropriately.
- In designated locations, may be a secondary key carrier responsible for basic and detailed opening and closing responsibilities.
- Maintain an organized and neat shop.
- Adhere to all company policies, procedures, safety and environmental rules.
- Other duties as assigned.
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities
- High school diploma or equivalent required.
- Valid Driver's License.
- One year of related experience in the automotive service environment.
- One year of sales experience preferred.
- Must have basic knowledge and understanding of mathematical concepts such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, percentages, and fractions. Ability to apply mathematical formulas to calculate commissions and discounts.
- Strong verbal communication skills.
- Strong customer service skills.
- Ability to work Days, Nights, Weekends, Holidays.
Physical Demands/Work Environment
The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
The characteristics described here are representative of those an employee encounters while performing the essential functions of this job.
Physical Demands
- Must be able to lift, carry, and place merchandise and supplies up to 50 pounds without assistance.
- Frequent standing and walking for long periods of time.
- Frequent reaching overhead and below the knees, including squatting, bending, stooping, kneeling, twisting.
- Climb up and down ladders to retrieve and stock merchandise.
- Communicate effectively in person, by telephone, or by using telecommunications equipment.
- Enters and locates information on computer.
- Presents information to small and large groups.
- Visually verifies information, often in small print.
- Safely operates a motor vehicle.
Berlin, CT
Pep Boys was founded by Navy veterans in 1921 and today, we proudly employ military veterans and reserve-duty servicemembers like you throughout over 900 locations. If you're passionate about vehicles and servicing the communities that depend on them, your unique and valuable skillsets will be a perfect match for our service bays, distribution centers, or store support centers.
We offer a variety of career options across the United States and Puerto Rico, as well as extensive training and development opportunities and a wide array of health and wellness benefits. Our mission is simple: to make quality car care simple, convenient, and accessible for everyone.
At Pep Boys, we go further to help your career go farther.


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
The Village Vet of Lewiston, a new member of the Niagara River Region Chamber of Commerce, celebrated a ribbon-cutting ceremony on Friday, Dec. 7, at its new location, 720 Cayuga St. (behind Rite Aid plaza), in the Village of Lewiston.
Veterinarian Dr. Kristen Ruest and her husband, Eric Ruest, welcomed friends, family, Chamber of Commerce board members and elected officials to take a sneak peak of the new, locally owned business, and to also meet the staff. To make an appointment, call 716-754-8838. Visitwww.TheVillageVetofLewiston.com to find out more about services.
Pictured in the front row: Jamie Symmonds and Willow of Angel to Apple; George Osborne, chairman of the chamber board, and Artpark & Company president; Eric and Kristen Ruest; State Assemblyman John Ceretto; Village of Lewiston Mayor Terry Collesano; and Village of Lewiston Trustee Bruce Sutherland.


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Raceline Motorsports, a division of Allied Wheel Components, has over 30 years of technology, research, quality, and design which are the key ingredients for the new success of Raceline ATV/UTV tires and wheels. With over 25 years of building off road racing products that win championships and maintaining close relationships with the top racing teams, Raceline has the technology and experience to provide competition proven products that are built to handle the most extreme conditions.
Showing the single result


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Episiotomy and Perineal Tears
Topic Overview
An episiotomy (say "eh-pih-zee-AH-tuh-mee") is a cut the doctor or midwife makes in the perineum (say "pair-uh-NEE-um"), which is the area between the vagina and anus. It is done to help deliver the baby or to help prevent the muscles and skin from tearing.
The cut is made just before the baby's head comes out of the birth canal. It is stitched up after the birth.
When is an episiotomy needed?
There are times when an episiotomy is needed—for example, if the baby's heart rate drops too much during pushing or if the baby's position is causing problems. The decision cannot be made until delivery. Episiotomies are more common with first-time deliveries.
Routine episiotomy is not recommended. Experts say that episiotomy is usually not needed during most births.footnote 1
In the past, episiotomy was a very common part of childbirth. Many doctors no longer do episiotomies routinely. But a few still do. If you have a concern about this, talk to your doctor or midwife ahead of time.
Can you prevent perineal tears?
It's not uncommon for the perineum to tear during birth. But there are steps you can take to help prevent this:footnote 2
- Pay attention to your position during labor. Different positions may put less pressure on your perineum. You may feel more comfortable sitting upright, lying on your side, or getting down on your hands and knees, for example.
- Talk to your birthing coach ahead of time so you agree on when and how hard you should push.
- Have someone provide perineal support. This means pushing against the perineum to protect it from tearing as the baby's head stretches it. This is sometimes done with a hot, moist cloth.
- Practice perineal massage. This type of massage may help make the tissue around the vagina more flexible and reduce the chance of having a perineal tear or an episiotomy.footnote 2
Recovery from an episiotomy or perineal tear
If you had an incision (episiotomy) or a tear in the area between your vagina and anus (perineum) during delivery, your doctor or nurse-midwife will repair it with stitches, using a local anesthetic. An ice pack will be placed against your perineum to ease pain and swelling.
Recovery from an episiotomy or tear can be uncomfortable or quite painful, depending on how deep and long the incision or tear is. Pain typically affects sitting, walking, urinating, and bowel movements for at least a week. Your first bowel movement may be quite painful. An episiotomy or tear is usually healed in about 4 to 6 weeks.
To reduce pain and promote healing:
- Keep an ice pack on your perineal area.
- Try an anesthetic spray.
- Have regular sitz baths in a tub of warm, shallow water.
- Take pain medicine. Some pain medicines can be constipating, so ask your health professional for a formulation that includes a stool softener.
- Take stool softeners and drink lots of fluids to help soften stools and ease pain.
- Use warm water from a squeeze bottle to keep the perineal area clean. Pat it dry with gauze or a sanitary wipe. Only wipe your perineal area from front to back.
Related Information
Current as of: February 23, 2022
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Kathleen Romito MD - Family Medicine
Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine
Kirtly Jones MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Top of the page
Next Section:Related Information
Previous Section:Topic Overview
- Top of the page
Next Section:References
Previous Section:Related Information
- Top of the page
Next Section:Credits
Previous Section:References
- Top of the page
Current as of: February 23, 2022
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Kathleen Romito MD - Family Medicine & Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine & Kirtly Jones MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology


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A Low-Cost Path to Energy Efficiency and Cost Savings
Commercial buildings account for almost 20% of the total U.S. energy consumption. A significant portion (up to 20%) of the energy used in commercial buildings is wasted because of improper operations. Today, large commercial buildings use sophisticated building automation systems (BASs) to manage a wide and varied range of building systems. Although the capabilities of the BASs have increased, many buildings still are not properly commissioned, operated, or maintained. Lack of proper maintenance leads to inefficient operation and reduced lifetimes of equipment. Re-tuning BASs ensures maximum energy efficiency and comfort for building occupants. Although a poorly tuned system can maintain comfort, it may do so at a high energy cost while compensating for undetected operational inefficiencies.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is changing the way heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in commercial buildings are operated, serviced, and maintained. PNNL has trained building operators, managers, and businesses that install and service HVAC equipment to optimally re-tune large and small commercial buildings. Re-tuning commercial buildings can reduce energy use of buildings by 5 to 20%.
PNNL initiated the Commercial Building Re-tuning project for the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Office. The goal of this project was to improve building operations by transferring the skills to "re-tune" large (>100,000 sf) commercial buildings through a series of re-tuning resources, including training programs and development of an online interactive training curriculum. The project is targeted at technicians currently working in the industry for an immediate impact. The re-tuning training is intended to provide building operators, building managers and energy service providers with the necessary skills to identify no- and low-cost operational problems that plague commercial buildings and provide the skills necessary to take corrective action. The secondary goal of the project is to train a number of "trainers" to carry out the re-tuning training beyond this project.
PNNL has also developed small commercial building re-tuning resources, which includes prescriptive re-tuning training focused on small commercial buildings (<100,000 sf) that typically do not have BASs. This training helps building operations staff to learn how to operate buildings more efficiently and reduce operating cost. The knowledge and skills learned through the training will be highly valued by organizations and companies seeking to improve the performance of their buildings.


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The nation's oldest public hospital—and the premier emergency institution in New York City—is the go-to place in the aftermath of a plane or train wreck, an all-out gunfight or a commercial airliner slicing through a skyscraper. Its staff has spent enormous time in preparation for the numerous scenarios—chemical, biological, nuclear—for which New York is the expected target.
Now it too has become a casualty of Sandy as the last 200 or so of the hospital's 725 patients were being evacuated Wednesday night after fuel pumps for backup generators failed, a similar fate to what befell nearby NYU Langone Medical Center.
My colleague Larry Greenemeier pointed to the need for a fundamental reassessment of the city's urban infrastructure after the post-posttropical storm cleanup finishes. Planning for the next time—Good Night Irene—will by necessity require taking into account public-health preparedness.
Bellevue, the first responder for so many health-care firsts, will be at those meetings because of its karmic history. Bellevue developed New York's first sanitary code, a worldwide precedent. It established the first hospital catastrophe unit. The first ICU in a municipal hospital went there. The list is actually quite a bit longer.
Bellevue has always been a bulwark of tough-guy New York, ready for the unexpected. Now it needs to set a new example in preparing for the unpredictable health requirements of a densely packed populace that faces a rising tide of warming salt water that threatens to make the Big Apple a physically smaller place.
Image Source: Jim Henderson


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Doug's Wild Alaska Salmon
Website: dougswildalaskasalmon.com
This grower has a photo album.
Wild Alaska sockeye (red) salmon. Frozen, skin on, pinbone removed, vacuum packaged. Certified sustainable fish. All natural, nothing added. Because we are Alaskan fisherman, we can provide you with the highest quality flash-frozen wild salmon. Dougswild is owned and operated by the Resetarits family, three generations of fisherman spanning a 30 year period. We operate four 32 foot fishing boats in Bristol Bay, Alaska during June and July, and spend the winter in Bluffton, SC. Enjoy a true super-food!


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Lemonade (Hybrid Pumpkin)
Latin Name: Cucurbita maxima
Item #: 245L
95 Days
95 days. Eye catching bright golden yellow color for a patch stand out! Thick dark green handle on 17.5 lbs/8 kg fruit with a strong vine and potential for high yields.
95 days. Eye catching bright golden yellow color for a patch stand out! Thick dark green handle on 17.5 lbs/8 kg fruit with a strong vine and potential for high yields. Resistance/Tolerance: IR: Px. Pkt. contains 10 seeds.
PUMPKIN - for Halloween, processing & home garden.
Sow @ 3 lbs./1 kg per acre; oz./28 g sows 20 hills Pumpkins take over 100 days to mature from seed. Don't wait till late June to seed them, or they will never mature! For giant size pumpkins you can start seed indoors in 3 in./8 cm. peat pots about May 1st. Plant 2 seeds per pot 1/2 in./ 13 mm. deep, cover seed with fine soil and firm. Maintain a soil temp. of 65 - 70°F/20°C. After seeds have sprouted, feed pots once lightly, with a soluble fertilizer. Grow @ 60°F/16°C for sturdy growth.
Transplant in a sunny spot in 5 ft./ 2 m. rows, staggered 8 ft/2.4 m apart, in every other row. Each plant requires 15 - 20 ft/ 5 - 6 m in diameter. Dust plants regularly, every week to prevent cucumber beetles. Water plants at first sign of wilt throughout the summer - but don't wet -the leaves, it encourages disease. When small pumpkins are 2 in./5 cm in diameter, remove all the fruits at the ends of the vines, leaving the best 3 pumpkins at the center of the plant. For show size fruit (to be used at county fairs), limit fruit to one central pumpkin per plant. Remove all blooms or flowers from each plant from this point on to prevent further pollination.
Feed regularly (once every 15 days) with a weak solution of 5 - 20 - 20 fertilizer.
Pick pumpkins after they are bright orange and the skin is hard. If it doesn't freeze hard or rain for long periods leave them on the vine till Halloween. Harvest before severe frost, keep cool @ 55 - 60°F/13 - 16°C. Leave a bit of stem on each fruit, when it is cut from the vine.
COMMERCIAL CROPS: Sow outdoors from May 10th. - June 10th. (no later). Grow in 6 - 9 ft./2 - 3 m. Rows, 4 seeds per ft./31 cm. of row - or in hills of 5 seeds per hill, 4 ft./122 cm. apart in the row. Thin to 2 ft./ 61 cm. apart or 2 seedlings per hill. Treat extra early sowings with a fungicide, for cool soil protection. All vine crops depend on insects for pollination. Limit the use of insecticides when blossoms are setting.


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Factors affecting the property in 2006*
- Flooding
- Housing
- Management systems/ management plan
- Solid waste
Factors* affecting the property identified in previous reports
a) No management plan;
b) Urban development pressure;
c) Flooding risks and waste management problems
UNESCO Extra-Budgetary Funds until 2006
Total amount allocated to the property: USD 85,000 (Italian Funds-in-Trust with UNESCO)
International Assistance: requests for the property until 2006
Total amount approved : 164,115 USD
|Emergency Assistance request for Timbuktu (three main ... (Approved)
|Second phase of the pilot project for the conservation ... (Approved)
|Safeguarding of 3 mosques in Timbuktu (Sankore, ... (Approved)
|Timbuktu: consolidation of the Djingareiber mosque and ... (Approved)
|Mission for the preparation of a proposal for putting ... (Approved)
|Provision of one expert and financial assistance for ... (Approved)
Missions to the property until 2006**
2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, World Heritage Centre missions
Conservation issues presented to the World Heritage Committee in 2006
At its 29th session (Durban, 2005), the Committee, although having decided to remove the property from the List of World Heritage in Danger, also decided that if substantial progress was not made in drawing up a management and rehabilitation plan for the preservation and sustainable development of the old city of Timbuktu, the property would be reinscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger at its 30th session (Vilnius, 2006).
In order to draft the management and rehabilitation plan, Mali obtained USD 15,000 in financial assistance from the World Heritage Fund, and technical assistance provided by Italy. At the invitation of the State Party, a World Heritage mission visited Timbuktu from 6 to 15 March 2006 to determine progress being made on drawing up the management and rehabilitation plan. The mission made the following observations at that time:
a) A municipal order No. 002/CUT/2006 for the creation of a Committee for the Conservation and Management of the Old City of Timbuktu was officially signed by the Mayor of Timbuktu. This Committee, comprising community and administrative officials, as well as the Imams of the three mosques (Djingareyber, Sankoré, Sidi Yahia) is in charge of finalizing the management and conservation plan, and for its implementation for the period (2006-2010).
b) The mission noted the full commitment of the national and municipal authorities of Timbuktu and the communities living in the old city to comply with the condition set out in Decision 29 COM7A.14, by the deadline of 15 May 2006. The Imams and the inhabitants of the city had already provided to the coordinators drafting the management and rehabilitation plan all the information pertaining to the history and values of the property. The national authorities, through the intermediary of the Ministry of Culture, seconded a group of professionals to Timbuktu who were responsible for producing, by 15 May 2006, the document that should be submitted to the 30th session of the Committee.
c) A definition of the objectives of short-, medium- and long-term conservation is currently being validated in public meetings with all concerned parties. Maps of the property are also being produced.
The Centre and ICOMOS were informed in December 2005, by letter from a civil servant, of a future construction project for the new Ahmed Baba Centre, which could be built on the land facing the Sankoré Mosque. This project, a joint initiative of the Presidents of South Africa and Mali, aims to safeguard the manuscripts, the oldest of which are thought to date from the 9th century, by providing the city of Timbuktu with an architectural complex which would house in one place a large library, as well as archive and research areas. The Centre's mission also analysed the impact that this future construction project might have on the Sankoré Mosque. From an analysis of the architectural documents, and the information gathered following the meetings with the authorities of the Ministries of National Education and Culture, the mission concluded that the present architectural project could affect the universal value of the World Heritage property. Indeed, the architectural project indicates that the construction would be carried out in the buffer zone. Its dimensions, typology, and the materials envisaged for its construction, do not provide a guarantee of the integrity and authenticity for which Timbuktu was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1988. With regard to the operational aspect of this important project, the following recommendations, based on the Vienna Memorandum and the Guidelines, were formulated by this mission:
a) It is essential to undertake a historical study of Sankoré Square, based on the objectives and activities defined in the management and conservation plan of Timbuktu. The purpose of this study will be to better understand the history of the Square and its architecture, and to provide a framework for a spatial approach for a better integration of contemporary architecture in the future.
b) The drafting of an urban development plan for Sankoré Square, including all measures to guarantee respect for the historic fabric, is a prerequisite to any architectural intervention. This framework, that could impact on the functionality of the Square, the typologies, materials, lighting, the urban furniture, the green spaces, would facilitate the coordination of the construction of all the contemporary buildings, in the respect of the universal value of the Sankoré Mosque.
c) It is important for the authorities of Mali and South Africa to review the architectural concept of the project in order to ensure the compatibility of such a new construction next to the Sankoré Mosque, inscribed on the World Heritage List.
Summary of the interventions
Decisions adopted by the Committee in 2006
State of Conservation (Timbuktu)
The World Heritage Committee,
1. Having examined Document WHC-06/30.COM/7B,
2. Recalling Decision 29 COM 7A.14, adopted at its 29th session (Durban, 2005),
3. Thanks the State Party for having made substantial efforts, in conformity with Decision 29 COM 7A.14, with the view of the achievement of the management plan for Timbuktu;
4. Thanks the State Party for having created a local steering committee for the conservation and management of the Old City of Timbuktu;
5. Also thanks the State Party for the necessary collective actions undertaken for the elaboration of the management plan and encourages it to pursue the development and to finalize the management and conservation plan, and to initiate without further delay activities leading to its implementation;
6. Congratulates the State Party and South Africa for their initiative undertaken within the framework of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) with the aim of assisting Mali to safeguard the ancient manuscripts of Timbuktu;
7. Calls to the attention of the State Party, the impact which may occur as a result of the construction of the Ahmed Baba Cultural Centre on the Sankoré mosque;
8. Invites the State Party and South Africa to undertake a revision of the architectural design of the cultural centre project and its possible relocation, taking into consideration the recommendations of the World Heritage Centre mission of March 2006 and the outstanding universal value of the property;
9. Also requests the State Party to provide the World Heritage Centre an updated report on the state of conservation of the property, by 1 February 2007, particularly on the progress made in the finalization of the management and conservation plan and the activities initiated for its implementation, as well as for the improvement of the architectural project foreseen for the Ahmed Baba Cultural Centre, for examination by the Committee at its 31st session in 2007;
10. Reaffirms its decision not to re-inscribe the property on the List of World Heritage in Danger.
Draft Decision: 30 COM 7B.36
The World Heritage Committee,
1. Having examined Document WHC-06/30.COM/7B,
2. Recalling Decision 29 COM 7A.14, adopted at its 29th session (Durban, 2005),
3. Thanks the State Party for having created a local steering committee for the conservation and management of the Old City of Timbuktu and for the actions undertaken for the elaboration of the management plan;
4. Encourages the State Party to pursue the development and to finalise the management and conservation plan for the property, and to initiate without further delay activities for its implementation;
5. Notes the importance of the construction of the Ahmed Baba Cultural Centre to house the old manuscripts that will be used for training and research as well as the cooperation efforts between two States Parties, the Republic of Mali and South Africa;
6. Requests the States Parties to improve this architectural project for the cultural centre, taking into consideration the historic and aesthetic values of the site;
7. Also requests the State Party of Mali to provide the World Heritage Centre, by 1 February 2007, an updated report on the state of conservation of the property, in particular on the progress made in regard to the conditions set by the Committee to maintain the removal of the property from the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2005, the progress made in the finalisation of the management and conservation plan and the activities initiated for its implementation, as well as for the improvement of the architectural project foreseen for the Ahmed Baba Cultural Centre, for examination by the Committee at its 31st session in 2007.
Documents examined by the Committee30COM (2006)
* :
The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger ("ascertained danger") or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property's Outstanding Universal Value ("potential danger").
** : All mission reports are not always available electronically.


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At a Glance
Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is an autosomally recessive inherited disease that produces ineffective conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate in the Embden-Meyerhof Pathway, resulting in decreased production of ATP. It is the second most frequent enzymatic defect after G-6-P-D deficiency.
Since red blood cells (RBCs) are incapable of producing ATP through oxidative mechanisms, the presence of PKD limits the availability of ATP to circulating red blood cells. A family history of congenital hemolytic anemia or anemia of childhood is typically present. However, mild forms of the disease can delay diagnosis to late childhood or early adulthood. The signs and symptoms may include otherwise unexplained anemia, icterus, jaundice, gallstones, and fatigue. Also, patients frequently present with an enlarged spleen. The decrease in ATP concentration results in increased fragility of red blood cells, producing weakened red blood cell membranes and hemolysis. Occasional PKD also occurs in patients with hematopoeitc neoplasias as a secondary condition.
What Tests Should I Request to Confirm My Clinical Dx? In addition, what follow-up tests might be useful?
A standard complete blood count (CBC) will show varying degrees of anemia, ranging from 5 to 12 g/dL hemoglobin. Reticulocytosis is proportional to the severity of anemia but will show a 50% increase if the patient has been splenectomized. In most cases, the morphological RBC characteristics are unremarkable and are normocytic/normochromic. With hemolysis or splenectomy, reticulocytes, polychromatophilia, macrocytosis, and spicular RBCs (echinocytes) may be apparent. Heinz bodies and spherocytes are absent.
Continue Reading
Osmotic fragility testing may serve as a useful screen for PKD. Unlike hereditary spherocytosis, PKD autohemolysis does not correct with the addition of glucose. It may be normalized after the addition of ATP (being aware of circumstances that will cause false-negative results, such as prior transfusions). A second helpful test is the fluorescent screening test for PKD. Because PKD patients have an impaired ability to convert NADPH to NADP+ and NADPH is a fluorescent compound, fluorescence should fail to disappear in PKD patients after incubation of 45-60 minutes. Again, false-negative results can occur with prior transfusion, and there is little relationship of this result to the severity of hemolysis. Some patients with high reticulocyte counts may also have normal fluorescent screening tests.
RBC enzyme activity may also be performed. This type of testing is more frequently available in reference laboratories. Quantitative RBC enzyme assays give definitive confirmation of the results of screening tests and allow detection of heterozygotes for possible genetic counseling. Most techniques use spectrophotometry measuring the oxidative results of the NADPH to NADP+ conversion. Specimens are stable for several days at 4°C if collected in EDTA, heparin, or acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) tubes, allowing transport to an appropriate reference laboratory. (Table 1)
Table 1
|Osmotic Fragility
|Fluorescent Screening Test
|RBC PK Enzymatic Activity
|Positive, corrects with ATP but not sucrose
|Positive fluorescence after 60 minute incubation
|Negative or reduced (heterozygotes)
Are There Any Factors That Might Affect the Lab Results? In particular, does your patient take any medications – OTC drugs or Herbals – that might affect the lab results?
The presentation of PKD is quite variable, depending on several factors. Homozygosity is the most likely form of presentation. Heterozygotes are usually asymptomatic. The prevalence rate of a heterozygous carrier of one PKD gene is estimated at 1% in an American population, reflecting its presentation in widely distributed ethnic groups from northern Europe to Japan. One of the more notable populations with a predilection for PKD is the Amish population in the United States. Screening of the four most common gene mutations demonstrates an estimated prevalence of 51 cases per million persons in the Caucasian population. Interestingly, this is 50 times higher than the number of individuals diagnosed with PKD, suggesting the disorder is frequently under-diagnosed.
Other factors that might affect the laboratory results include prior transfusion, which dilutes the natural proportion of defective RBCs. Also, some of the atypical findings on CBC (e.g., echinocytes, macrocytosis, polchromatophilia) may not be apparent in nonsplenectomized patients. After splenectomy, CBC findings may be more apparent. Elevated reticulocytes in a given sample may also affect the fluorescent test, since reticulocytes still retain the ability to convert NADPH to NADP+. Enzymatic analysis is impaired if not collected in appropriate tubes or if delayed in arriving at the reference laboratory.
What Lab Results Are Absolutely Confirmatory?
The definitive confirmation of the results of screening tests is the quantitative RBC enzyme assay. The blood should be collected in EDTA, heparin, or ACD, and the enzyme is stable for several days at 4°C under these conditions. The blood should not be allowed to freeze, because washed blood cells are used in enzyme assays and the enzymes are usually less active in hemolyzed specimens.
The definitive test at the molecular level is analysis of the DNA sequence showing evidence of an enzymatic defect. The variability of the disease presentation probably reflects the variability genetically. PKD exists as four isoenzymes. Two isoenzymes are encoded by a genetic locus on badn 15q22; two others are encoded on band 1q21. The two 15q22 isoenzymes are found in striated muscles, brain, leukocytes, platelets, and other tissues. The two 1q21 isoenzymes are found in liver, normoblasts, reticulocytes, and erythrocytes. Varying degrees of compensation can occur in the liver with 1q21 mutations. Actually, enzymatic defects that have been observed range from decreased substrate affinity to thermal instability. Mutations that affect enzyme kinetics and thermostability produce more severe PKD.
What Confirmatory Tests Should I Request for My Clinical Dx? In addition, what follow-up tests might be useful?
Molecular analysis, including genetic counseling, may be helpful in PKD observed in a primary case, in siblings, and in parents anticipating more children. The more common mutations are noted in two chromosomal locations (1q21 and 15q22). More than 180 different mutations have been identified as causes of hemolysis. Also, patients having 1q21-associated PKD may demonstrate deficiencies in the liver, contributing to the increased bilirubin frequently observed.
The variability in disease expression may be partially attributed to the compensatory expression of the tissue-distributed isoenzyme. Morbidity in the newborn is usually the result of severe PKD, expressed as anemia and hyperbilirubinemia or both. Death in utero or shortly after birth from nonimmune hydrops fetalis should cause review of PKD. Blood or exchange transfusion can be a consideration in severe cases of anemia. Iron overload is another serious complication of PKD and should be monitored for patients known to have this disease.
What Factors, if Any, Might Affect the Confirmatory Lab Results? In particular, does your patient take any medications – OTC drugs or Herbals – that might affect the lab results?
A younger patient presenting with hemolytic anemia and normal blood cell morphology should first be evaluated for possible noncongenital causes. Such causes are evaluated with a direct antiglobulin test (Coomb's test) to rule out an autoimmune hemolytic process. A sucrose test also rules out paroxymal nocturnal hemglobinuria. If the anemia is thought to be a hereditary process, clinical evaluation may require distinguishing this disease from hereditary spherocytosis or hemoglobinopathies. Both hereditary spherocytosis and PKD produce autohemolysis on osmotic fragility testing. PKD can be distinguished from hereditary spherocytosis, because PKD does not correct with the addition of glucose. If a hemoglobinopathy is suspected, then hemoglobin electrophoresis and propanol stability testing (to identify unstable hemoglobins) may be performed.
The primary challenge to diagnosing PKD is the variability in the disease severity. The severity can range from severe neonatal anemia to a young adult with mild chronic anemia. There is considerable variation in the primary CBC markers for PKD. The CBC may range from normocytic/normochromic presentation to increased reticulocytes, polychromatophilia, macrocytosis, and the presence of echinocytes. Additionally, intervening therapies, such as splenectomy and transfusion, can produce dilutional normal results. Conversely, splenectomy may actually enhance morphological RBC changes associated with PKD. Ultimately, the confirmatory tests are actual enzymatic testing of patient RBCs and DNA mutational analysis.
Copyright © 2017, 2013 Decision Support in Medicine, LLC. All rights reserved.
No sponsor or advertiser has participated in, approved or paid for the content provided by Decision Support in Medicine LLC. The Licensed Content is the property of and copyrighted by DSM.
- At a Glance
- What Tests Should I Request to Confirm My Clinical Dx? In addition, what follow-up tests might be useful?
- Are There Any Factors That Might Affect the Lab Results? In particular, does your patient take any medications - OTC drugs or Herbals - that might affect the lab results?
- What Lab Results Are Absolutely Confirmatory?
- What Confirmatory Tests Should I Request for My Clinical Dx? In addition, what follow-up tests might be useful?
- What Factors, if Any, Might Affect the Confirmatory Lab Results? In particular, does your patient take any medications - OTC drugs or Herbals - that might affect the lab results?


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"Got UFO" Dog Bandana
Got UFO? This custom dog bandana is handmade with love, so there will be some variation in size and fabric.
Product Details
- 100% combed cotton
- Reversible tie on bandana
- Multi color
- Thread count: 60 x 60
- Estimated shrinkage: 2-3% in length and 4-5% in width
Care Instructions
Machine wash warm or cool on a gentle/delicate setting, using phosphate-free detergent. Machine dry on a low temperature setting. Do not directly iron on vinyl.
Custom Sizing
Don't see what you are looking for? Send us an email with your request and we will see if we can work some magic!
Pets should be supervised when wearing bandana.
To make sure you order the correct size for your pup's dog bandana measure their neck circumference and add 10 to 12 inches to get the right bandana length.
X-SMALL (5-10 lbs):
Bandana Length : 16-19 inches
Width: 3-4 inches
Suggestion: If dog's neck is 7" or less go with a x-small.
Common breeds: Dachshund (miniature), Maltese, Pomeranian, Yorkshire Terrier, Havanese
SMALL (10-25 lbs):
Bandana Length : 20-21 inches
Width: 6 inches
Suggestion: If dog's neck is 10" or less go with a small.
Common breeds: Mini Golden Doodle, Cavalier King Charles, Pekingese, Miniature Schnauzer, Pug, Scottish Terrier, Cocker Spaniel
MEDIUM (up to 55 lbs):
Bandana Length: 24-25 inches
Width: 7 inches
Suggestion: If dog's neck is 14" or less go with a medium.
Common breeds: Golden Doodle, Beagle, Border Collie, Boston Terrier, English Bulldog, Chow, Miniature Australian Shepherd
LARGE (up to 70 lbs):
Bandana Length : 26-27 inches
Width: 8.5 inches
Suggestion: If dog's neck is 16" or less go with a large
Common Breeds: Boxer, Dalmatian, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Weimaraner, Dalmatian
EXTRA LARGE (70 lbs and up)
Bandana Length: 29-30 inches
Width: 9 inches
Suggestion: If dog's neck is 19" or less go with a large
Common Breeds: German Shepherd, Bernese Mountain Dog, Great Dane, Mastiff, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Great Pyrenees
Too close to call? Go up a size!
These are GENERAL guidelines. How furry/fluffy and how tall your pet is are also important in determining size. If you have a special request (ex. you want the ties to be a little bit longer...no problem...just place your order and send us a email and we will be happy to accommodate where possible!). Please feel free to email us if you have any questions!


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Many scientific studies present initial data that can provide a promising basis for future experiments. Unfortunately, those studies are often misrepresented in the popular press and falsely raise the hopes of affected individuals.
In a study published this week in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry researchers performed PET scans on the brains of five former NFL players. The results indicated that the tau protein, believed to be responsible for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), could be identified in living subjects. Tau could previously only be identified by staining brains recovered at autopsy.
CTE was actually first described in 1928 based on studies of deceased boxers. It was called "Dementia Pugilistica" or "Boxer's Dementia." Modern staining techniques have identified the deposition of the tau protein in certain areas of the brains of athletes who have suffered repetitive brain trauma.
The clinical presentation of CTE consists of cognitive decline, personality changes and movement disorders. Although there is a clear correlation between tau protein and CTE, not everyone who has tau protein also has the syndrome of CTE.
The current report gives the impression that the scan performed as part of the research can now identify patients who will develop dementia. This is not true and very misleading.
"Tau can be a marker of the presence of disease but may not be a biomarker of disease activity. Placing too much emphasis on a marker of disease as a true biomarker without years of clinical disease correlation may lead to treating a finding without clinical relevance," said Dr. Kevin Crutchfield, a neurologist and Director of the Comprehensive Sports Concussion Program at Sinai Hospital of Baltimore.
Another criticism of the proposed correlation is the fact that this study involved only five athletes.
While many researchers and clinicians are hopeful that we will someday be able identify and treat all forms of dementia before they cause significant impairment, this is many years away.


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SEOUL, South Korea -- In secret and with remarkable speed, North Korea has built a new, highly sophisticated facility to enrich uranium, according to an American nuclear scientist, raising fears that the North is ramping up its atomic program despite international pressure.
The scientist, Siegfried Hecker, said in a report posted Saturday that he was taken during a recent trip to the North's main Yongbyon atomic complex to a small industrial-scale uranium enrichment facility. It had 2,000 recently completed centrifuges, he said, and the North told him it was producing low-enriched uranium meant for a new reactor. He described his first glimpse of the new centrifuges as "stunning."
Hecker, a former director of the U.S. Los Alamos Nuclear Laboratory who is regularly given rare glimpses of the North's secretive nuclear program, acknowledged that it was not clear what North Korea stood to gain by showing him the formerly secret area.
The revelation could be designed to strengthen the North Korean government as it looks to transfer power from leader Kim Jong Il to a young, unproven son. As Washington and others tighten sanctions, unveiling the centrifuges could also be an attempt by Pyongyang to force a resumption of stalled international nuclear disarmament-for-aid talks.
Whatever the reason, the new centrifuges provide a fresh set of worries for the Obama administration, which has shunned direct negotiations with the North following Pyongyang's nuclear and missile tests last year and in the wake of an international finding that a North Korean torpedo sank a South Korean warship in March, killing 46 sailors. The U.S. State Department announced that the Obama administration's special envoy on North Korea planned to visit South Korea, Japan and China, starting Sunday.
The North told Hecker it began construction on the centrifuges in April 2009 and finished only a few days before the scientist's Nov. 12 visit.
"Instead of seeing a few small cascades of centrifuges, which I believed to exist in North Korea, we saw a modern, clean centrifuge plant of more than a thousand centrifuges, all neatly aligned and plumbed below us," Hecker, a Stanford University professor, wrote.
Hecker described the control room as "astonishingly modern," writing that, unlike other North Korean facilities, it "would fit into any modern American processing facility."
The facilities appeared to be primarily for civilian nuclear power, not for North Korea's nuclear arsenal, Hecker said. He saw no evidence of continued plutonium production at Yongbyon. But, he said, the uranium enrichment facilities "could be readily converted to produce highly enriched uranium bomb fuel."
Uranium enrichment would give the North a second way to make atomic bombs, in addition to its known plutonium-based program. At low levels, uranium can be used in power reactors, but at higher levels it can be used in nuclear bombs. Hecker's findings were first reported in The New York Times.
U.S. nuclear envoy Stephen Bosworth's trip to Asia for talks on North Korea comes as new satellite images show construction under way at Yongbyon. That, combined with reports from Hecker and another American expert who recently traveled to the atomic complex, appear to show that Pyongyang is keeping its pledge to build a nuclear power reactor.
North Korea vowed in March to build a light-water reactor using its own nuclear fuel. Hecker, and Jack Pritchard, a former U.S. envoy for negotiations with North Korea, have said that construction has begun.
Yang Moo-jin, a professor at the Seoul-based University of North Korean Studies, said the North's uranium disclosure is meant to force the United States back into nuclear negotiations.
The disclosure, Yang said, also is aimed at a domestic audience during the succession process. "The North wants to muster loyalty among military generals by showing them the North will continue to bolster its nuclear deterrent and uphold its military-first policy," Yang said.
Light-water reactors are ostensibly for civilian energy purposes, but such a power plant would give the North a reason to enrich uranium. While light-water reactors are considered less prone to misuse than heavy-water reactors, once the process of uranium enrichment is mastered, it is relatively easy to enrich further to weapons-grade levels.
North Korea said last year it was in the final stage of enriching uranium, sparking worries that the country may add uranium-based weapons to enlarge its stockpile of atomic bombs made from plutonium. Experts say the North has yielded enough weaponized plutonium for at least a half dozen atomic bombs.
Uranium can be enriched in relatively inconspicuous factories that are better able to evade spy satellite detection, according to U.S. and South Korean experts. Uranium-based bombs may also work without requiring test explosions like the two carried out by North Korea in 2006 and 2009 for plutonium-based weapons.
Hecker said the North Koreans emphasized that the centrifuge facility was operating; although he couldn't verify that statement, he said "it was not inconsistent with what we saw."
"The only hope" for dealing with the North's nuclear program "appears to be engagement," he wrote, calling a military attack "out of the question" and more sanctions "likewise a dead end."
Many questions are still unanswered about North Korea's nuclear program, Hecker wrote, including whether the North is really pursuing nuclear electricity; whether it's abandoning plutonium production; how it got such sophisticated centrifuge technology; and why it's revealing the facilities now.
"One thing is certain," he said. "These revelations will cause a political firestorm."


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Chimeras and legends of a precious wood :
Oud Wood
Preciosity : this wood resin is one of the most expensive in the world
Unusual Scent : sensuous and animal notes, with a touch of incense
for exoticism and sensuality
A perfume of legend : Oud is the perfume of One Thousand and One
The Oud comes from the South East of Asia and India (Oudh is a city in the
center of India where this tree grows),and the tree's name is Aquilaria.
tree is often infected by a variety of mushrooms which produce an aromatic
perfumed resin with very subtle fragrances.
Oud d'Angkor
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Special meals are available on flights between Belgrade and New York and can be booked free of charge.
You may order your special meal1 anytime up to 24 hours before take-off (48 hours before take-off, if ordering a Kosher meal):
- at the time of booking your flight,
- via My reservation,
- by calling our Contact Centre or by visiting one of our offices.
We offer a wide choice of special meals2
Meals for religious needs
Hindu meal (non vegetarian) - HNML
Contains meat (lamb or chicken), fish, eggs and dairy products, and is prepared mildly spicy to spicy. Does not contain any beef.
Orthodox Christian Lenten Meal prepared with oil - OOML
A meal suited to Orthodox Christians during the fast, composed of a variety of vegetables prepared with oil.
Vegetarian Jain meal - VJML
Contains non-root vegetables only. The meal is prepared Asian style. Does not contain any root vegetables like onions, ginger, garlic, potatoes, carrots or animal/ animal byproducts.
Orthodox Christian Lenten Meal prepared with water - OWML
A meal prepared from selected boiled vegetables suited to Orthodox Christians during the fast.
Orthodox Christian Lenten Meal containing fish - OFML
A meal suited to Orthodox Christians during the fast, composed of a variety of vegetables and fish prepared with oil.
Kosher Meal - KSML3
Contains meat from animals that have split hooves and chew the cud or species of fish that have both fins and scales. Contains fruit and vegetables (except those prone to infestation). Certified in the kosher kitchen and double-sealed after packing.
Vegan and vegetarian meals
Asian vegetarian meal - AVML
Contains all types of vegetable, fresh fruit and milk products, and is generally prepared mildly spicy to spicy. Does not contain any type of meat, fish or eggs, and is not a Hindu meal.
Lacto-ovo vegetarian meal - VLML
VLMLs do not contain any meat or meat products of any type, or any fish, poultry or products with lard or gelatin.
Vegetarian meal - VGML
Contains all types of vegetables and fresh fruit. Does not contain any meat, fish or animal by-products e.g. animal fat in biscuits etc.
Meals for medical/ dietary needs
Low fat/ Low cholesterol meal - LFML
Contains food such as margarine, cottage cheese, egg white, boiled rice, potatoes, lean meats, fish, wholegrain bread, cereals and fresh fruit. Does not contain milk, cream, fat, cheese, egg yolk or fatty meats.
Low calorie meal - LCML
Contains food with plenty of roughage and with less fats and carbohydrates. Does not contain sugar, cream, sauces, mayonnaise or fatty meats.
Diabetic meal - DBML
Contain low-fat milk, butter, plain yoghurt, lean meats, boiled or pureed potatoes, vegetables and fresh fruit. DBMLs do not contain any kind of sugar. Only certain permitted sugar substitutes are used.
Bland meal - BLML
Contains mostly soft food that is easily digestible and without spice. Foods recommended are mashed potatoes, spinach, soft boiled eggs, boiled meats, toast, and dairy products. Does not contain baked, fried or spicy foods, onion or garlic.
Non-lactose meal - NLML
Contains food such as salads, roughage, pasta, rice, fish or meat. Does not contain milk and milk products, sauces, soft rolls, croissants or chocolate.
Gluten free meal - GFML
Contains food such as meat, poultry, fish, rice, fruits and vegetables, corn, potatoes, dairy products, chocolate, dried beans and peas.
Seafood meal - SFML
Contains food which includes all types of fish or shellfish. Does not contain meat products.
Raw vegetable meal - RVML
Contains mainly raw vegetables and salads.
No fish meal - NFML
Intended for persons sensitive to fish and fish products. The meal contains fresh fruit and vegetables, meat, dairy products, and pastry. Does not contain fish or fish products.
Meal without salt - LSML
The meal contains fresh fruit and vegetables, fresh fish, veal, meat filets, margarine without salt. Intended for persons with heart problems and high blood pressure. Does not contain salt, sauces, dressing, salty cheese, smoked, salted, and preserved meat and fish.
Fruit platter - FPML
Contains seasonal fresh fruits.
Meals for children/ babies
Child meal - CHML
The meal contains fruit, vegetables, all types of proteins, pasta and wheat products. Contains milk products and easily chewed and digestable foods. The meal is intended for children aged 2 to 12.
Baby meal - BBML
Proprietary brands of baby meals are available on board Air Serbia flights. Parents are advised to carry baby foods familiar to and preferred by their babies. Milk or baby meals can be heated on board.
1On the flights between Belgrade and New York it is possible to choose only one special meal per passenger. If you choose several different special meals, only your first choice will be served to you.
2Meals may contain peanuts. We assume no responsibility in regard to possible allergic reactions to food. If you are prone to allergies and similar reactions, please consult your doctor.
3Kosher meal (KSML) is temporary available only on flights from New York to Belgrade.


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Written by:
Diana West
Saturday, February 16, 2013 8:20 AM
Minibar's "dragon's breath" course is a curried popcon ball dunked in liquid nitrogen.
Did the president eat it in one bite, as staff suggests, so vapor would stream from his nose?
In case anyone is wondering what the Obamas' Valentine's Day dinner out at Minibar was like, here is a recent Barron's review of dinner for two, which came to $958.
From Barron's Penta Daily: Insights and advice for families with assets of $5 million or more [no wonder I never read it before]:
"A Bargain Dinner at $500 a Head"
At 6 p.m. on a rainy night this week, my guest and I sat down at the counter of Washington D.C.'s Minibar. Only six privileged guests at a time dine here on a 26-course meal handcrafted by Chef Jose Andres and his young staff.
One of the most acclaimed restaurants in the country, there is no shingle announcing Minibar on the corner of E and 9th streets, just an anonymous frosted-glass door of the type I've previously seen at private banks on the Bahnhofstrasse in Zurich. But behind the door stands a hostess with iPad. She took us from the white foyer to an adjacent waiting room, where more smart-looking staff brought us a cocktail, hot towel, and a wooden box filled with seaweed-dusted rice crackers.
We privileged six were ushered behind a diaphanous curtain, to the island counter where two dozen staff members stood waiting to serve us. The minimalist white-walls and chairs, coupled with banks of steel cooking ranges, created an aesthetic I would describe as 1960s Courreges-meets-Japanese-sushi-bar.
I was, quite frankly, unprepared for what followed. A dozen talented chefs ranging in age from 21 to 34, performed for us a culinary ballet, starting with a frozen cocktail made with St. Germain, a liqueur of distilled Alpine elderflower, and served in the form of a snowball. A wine-red pillow the size of a postage stamp was decorated with a dainty white flower; it was filled with peanut butter and jelly.
A pink piggy made of meringue tasted of apple until you bit into the center "sorbet" made of bacon. My favorite of these amusing dishes looked like a macaroon, but exploded bomb-like with buttery goose liver. The chef showed us how a metal ring reaching 248 degrees Fahrenheit created a thin sugar-shell holding together the light and airy foie-gras mousse.
Minibar's "baby carrots with coconut" is built on a technique famously invented by Chef Ferran Adria of Spain's now-closed elBulli. Deconstructed carrots are rebuilt so an invisible outer skin, shaped as a carrot, encases an intense liquid essence of the vegetable. Minibar surrounds its "carrots" with dribbles of olive oil, exotic spices, and coconut flakes, creating a rolling wave of salty, soothing, sweet and piquant flavors in the mouth. A chef told us the dish took them 2.5 years to perfect.
While diners can order an expensive bottle of wine to go with their meal, I highly recommend sticking to the beverage packages designed to accompany the weird dishes. My buddy had the $75 "Experience," twelve glasses that started with an amontillado sherry. I had the $200 "Jose," which began with a Krug Grande Cuvee Brut Champagne and included, with some big names, a stunning Movia Sauvignon Blanc Primorje from Slovenia.
A smoked oyster arrived in a glass dome filled with apple wood smoke, and sat in an escabeche-style sauce of roast chicken stock and sherry vinegar. Their delicate white beans-and-clams dish from Asturias was tarted-up with slivers of pickled garlic, and was an homage, the lead chef told us, "to our boss." Meanwhile, the simple "eggs and toast" was made sublime by an "egg white" actually made of Parmesan cheese.
Not every dish was a home run. In one, a morsel of lobster was ringed by yogurt, walling in a pool of chicken wing-and-lobster stock. The sauce didn't fuse the competing yogurt-and-sea flavors for me. The chef said they had gone through 100 permutations and were still working on the dish.
For sheer fun, nothing beat the "dragon's breath," a cube of curried popcorn dipped in liquid nitrogen at the table. A furious stream of smoke roared out of my nostrils, like a dragon, when I bit into it. "Pine snow with honey" was an elegant dish of decorative pine branch and pine nuts, sprinkled with what looked exactly like icy snow, but was in fact a specially treated cheesy-yogurt, dribbled with honey. Two hours later, in yet another bar-type room, we had coffee, cognac, and a host of unique petits fours.
The waitress brought an egg to our table, smashed it with her fist, revealing our bill. The dinner cost $958 for two.
It's a bargain. There is no way, even at those prices, that Chef Andres is making money on Minibar, considering the labor needed to create and "perform" each dish; only 24 guests, eating in staggered shifts, are picked each night from the 100 to 300 reservation requests that are emailed a month in advance. Minibar is really a "laboratory of ideas," the creative lifeblood of Jose Andres' successful group of restaurants and the ideal training ground for young chefs learning their boss' style and ethos. This is not comfort food, but it is great theater, an evening filled with artistry of the highest order.


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CDS explains reasons for changes to Joint Strike Fighter capability
11 May 12
Chief of the Defence Staff General Sir David Richards has written in today's Daily Telegraph why the MOD's decision to use the short take-off and vertical landing variant of the Joint Strike Fighter to deliver the UK's Carrier Strike capability is the right one. Here follows the full article.
Military command is about taking difficult decisions in changing and challenging circumstances. Over the 40 years I have had the honour to serve in the Armed Forces, I have consistently found that such decisions demand both vision and courage. The change of course over our carrier programme announced this week certainly required both. It was not easy, but it is right.
It is worth explaining why I, and my fellow military chiefs, proposed this move. Carriers are expensive - there is no way around that. But they offer a capability that few can match: an independent, flexible, sovereign base, not tied to other countries' wishes, that can operate around the world.
By choosing the short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) model of the Joint Strike Fighter over the Carrier Variant that we had previously ordered for our two new aircraft carriers, the UK is significantly shortening the time it will take to deploy our maritime air power.
For me, this is the key factor. We are getting an exceptional military tool that is capable of projecting power, deterring our enemies and supporting our friends. In an uncertain world, this is a capability that I know we all wish to have sooner rather than later.
It is worth understanding why this change is necessary. Two years ago, we looked at the facts we had, and made our decisions. They were right at the time, and based on the best information available. But since the Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR), some important things have changed.
The more cutting-edge aspects of the carrier jet programme proved very difficult to cost accurately. What we were told in 2010 has changed.
We had an opportunity to put this right, and it has been taken.
Contrary to the criticism levelled at the Ministry of Defence in the past, when the facts changed, our decisions did too.
The reasons why it was right to do this are clear. First, the improvements to the STOVL aircraft since the SDSR are impressive. Once a troubled project on probation, it has now demonstrated its capabilities, flying more than 900 hours. This reduces the danger of complications and cost increases that we feared in 2010.
Second, we could not operate the previous aircraft from a British carrier before 2023 at the earliest. By choosing STOVL aircraft, we have removed the risk of further delays, giving the UK a powerful carrier strike capability years earlier than would otherwise be possible.
Stretching the gap in carrier capability any further is neither desirable nor necessary.
Third, the costs of converting carriers to operate the Carrier Variant have increased by over £1bn, and may rise further. This raised the prospect of this vital capability being unaffordable - or of having to take money from other key programmes.
Whilst it is true that the Carrier Variant offered greater range, this is not a crucial advantage - given our major investment in air-to-air refuelling - when weighed against the greater time to bring it into service, and the increasing cost. The balance has tipped back in favour of STOVL, which has distinct advantages of its own, such as versatility and agility.
Switching to STOVL means we are getting an outstanding capability sooner, for less financial and technical risk. It also gives us the ability to operate two carriers if we choose, a decision that the next SDSR will review.
Managing the Carrier Strike programme is as complex and demanding as the maritime and air environments in which these ships operate. They are not just mobile flight decks, but among the most capable intelligence and targeting tools in the world.
Both the Carrier Variant and the STOVL aircraft represent a generational shift from the jets that we use today. Through their computer technology, stealth and communications they are more capable than their ship- or land-based predecessors. They are cutting-edge, multi-role platforms fit for the battlespace of the 21st century.
They can both carry the full range of weapons we intend to buy.
The bedrock of successful combat capabilities is Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance. This allows us to understand, track, strike and remain poised to react to the unexpected. It is this capability that ensured our success in Libya.
The Joint Strike Fighter increases it immeasurably.
This fifth-generation aircraft is a weapons system unmatched by our rivals, and will be an integral part of the package we offer our friends and allies - not least the French, with whom we have developed such a close relationship, and the Americans, who have been and will continue to be essential partners in developing our new capability.
Yesterday's decision guarantees that we will have a hard-hitting carrier capability up to five years sooner than looked likely. The advice of the Chiefs of Staff is clear: this is the right decision for the Armed Forces, and the right decision for Britain.
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Elmer Keith certainly had ways of doing things that weren't the way others did 'em–but so long has he had a gun in his hand like his favored Ithaca, dinner was on the table.
"Shorty liked to hunt. I'd hunt coyotes with him. At that time I was packing a big old 15-pound bull-gun, with scope sights, over my shoulder by the muzzle. When I'd see a coyote or an eagle, I'd just trail Shorty's reins, make my stalk, and get or miss them, but Shorty loved to hunt. Then I'd go up on Lookout Mountain, take my little 16-gauge Ithaca, and hunt grouse. The horse learned it. He'd go along with his nose on the ground sniffin'. He would smell the fresh grouse tracks and I could tell it right then by his ears. When the chickens would jump, I'd trained him by hooking my left spur around his shoulder and reining him to the right to turn his head to the right. I made a good many doubles off that little horse with that 16-gauge. He'd whirl partly around, watch them go, and he'd hold his head down low. And if I only shot once, then he'd shiver waiting for the second barrel."—Elmer Keith, "Hell I was There!"
Did you like this look back at some backwoods backward hunting by the famed Elmer Keith? Then we think you'll love the stories about another famous American rifleman, Jack O'Connor, The Legendary Life of America's Greatest Gunwriter by Robert Anderson.


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Fiber Helps
To get the 20-35 grams of fiber your body needs each day, choose plant foods like cherries, grapes, crunchy bell peppers, beans, whole grains, and nuts. These help with digestion and constipation and are also good for your heart and blood sugar. Because they fill you up, you'll eat less, which also helps if you're watching your weight.
Chew Gum to Tame Heartburn
Chewing tells your body to make saliva, which balances the acid tied to the problem. Peppermint or spearmint can irritate, so pick another flavor. Skip this remedy if it causes you to swallow air, which can make you belch and feel bloated.
A Few Pounds Make a Difference
If you lose even a little extra weight, especially around your belly, it can ease the discomfort of heartburn, gas, and belching. Your doctor can help you make a smart diet and exercise plan to reach your weight loss goal.
Shrink Your Plate
A great way to help prevent indigestion, bloating, heartburn, and other digestive health problems is to eat smaller meals more often. Slow down, too. It takes time to start to feel full. You'll be less likely to eat more than you planned.
Stay Hydrated
Fluids help your body get rid of waste and stay regular. You can sip water, juices, tea, and other beverages. They are also in foods, so you may not need to down 8 glasses of water a day. Your doctor or a dietitian can tell you how much you should drink and the best types to choose.
Get Moving to Beat Bloating
Exercise may help with most minor digestive problems, from bloating to constipation. Physical activity helps your body's digestive system move things along and let go of waste. It also curbs stress, which can trigger many digestive problems.
Try Probiotics
Probiotics are "good" bacteria. They are in some yogurts, juices, snacks, and supplements. Research shows they may help if you have diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). But scientists don't yet know which probiotics help which conditions and how much you need. Talk to your doctor to learn more.
Stress, Ulcers, and Constipation
Ever have an upset stomach due to nerves? Your brain and digestive system are connected. Stress can worsen problems like IBS and ulcers. Make it a priority to be active, get enough sleep, meditate, and relax.
Watch Your Diet
Stay away from or limit foods that bother you. Some people have problems with gassy foods like beans and sodas, or fatty items like fried foods and cheese. For others, acidic foods such as citrus, coffee, tea, and tomatoes can spell trouble.
Kick the Habit
Smoking weakens the valve at the end of the esophagus (the tube that goes from your mouth to your stomach). That can lead to acid reflux and heartburn. It also makes some cancers more likely. And it's more common for smokers than for other people to get ulcers and Crohn's disease. It often takes several tries to quit smoking for good. Keep at it! Ask your doctor for help.
Drink Less Alcohol
If you drink, limit yourself to one drink a day if you're a woman, or two if you're a man. Too many drinks too often can contribute to heartburn, diarrhea, liver problems, and cancer of the esophagus.
Slow Down to Stop Burping and Gas
You want to keep air out of your stomach. So slow your pace. Don't gulp your food or drinks. Chew each bite and enjoy it! Avoid gum and hard candy if they make you swallow air.
Limit Salt
Even a little extra in your diet can cause bloating. It can come from your salt shaker or from items like packaged snacks and cereal. Cut back and check food labels to see how much sodium is in a serving.
Keep It Clean
No one wants food poisoning -- diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. So keep cold food cold and hot food hot. Use different utensils and cutting boards when you prepare fruits or vegetables and raw meats. Make sure that all of your dairy products have been pasteurized.
If Dairy Is a Problem
Some people find that their bodies can't digest lactose, the natural sugar in milk. It makes them feel gassy. If that's you, there are lactose-free products to choose from.
When Should You See Your Doctor?
Make an appointment if your symptoms don't go away, come back, or bother you. See your doctor right away if you are or could be pregnant. Also seek immediate medical help if your symptoms are severe or if you have a fever, problems swallowing or going to the bathroom, times when you choke, bloody or black vomit or stool, abdominal pain, or have lost weight and didn't mean to. Your doctor will find the cause so that you can feel better ASAP.
Super Tips to Boost Digestive Health: Bloating, Constipation, and More
This tool does not provide medical advice. See additional information:
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Impression Books Online
If I Stay (Paperback) Gayle Forman
If I Stay (Paperback) Gayle Forman
In the blink of an eye everything changes. Seventeen year-old Mia has no memory of the accident; she can only recall what happened afterwards, watching her own damaged body being taken from the wreck. Little by little she struggles to put together the pieces- to figure out what she has lost, what she has left, and the very difficult choice she must make. Heartwrenchingly beautiful, this will change the way you look at life, love, and family. Now a major motion picture starring Chloe Grace Moretz, Mia's story will stay with you for a long, long time.
May 2023


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This article is more than 1 year old
Yahoo! to keep music prices low
Tightens screw on Napster, Real and co.
Yahoo! has confirmed it will maintain its low music subscription charges as its Yahoo! Music service moves out of its testing phase.
In an interview with the Reuters news agency, Yahoo! marketing chief Cammie Dunaway said the trial pricing plans would stand.
YM was launched in May, and offered monthly unlimited-download subscriptions for $7. Subscribers who made a 12-month commitment to the service paid only $5 a month.
Those figures compare with the $15 a month services like Napster charge for the same package, which includes full support for portable MP3 players.
Yahoo! this week unveiled an aggressive advertising programme to promote its music service. The scheme includes TV advertising during the MTV Awards show on 28 August, along with ads integrated into upcoming video games, the company said.
Yahoo! Music is currently only open to US consumers. The service is supplied by online music distributed MusicNet, and is compatible only with Windows Media-based devices. iPod owners need not apply.
But therein lies Apple's strength, leaving Yahoo! to fight it out with rival WMA suppliers like Napster, Virgin Digital and Wal-Mart, and left-field players like RealNetworks and Sony. With hardware sales driving music download demand, and Apple owning the hardware market, it's also unsurprisingly got the lion's share of the download business. And its iTunes jukebox software has helped it win customers who just want to buy songs to play on their PCs.
Crucially, until the iPod supports WMA, there's little reason for an iPod owner to buy songs from anyone other than Apple, insulating the company from the fight between the other vendors, all tussling for the attention of Creative, Samsung, iRiver etc owners. So does Apple's focus on sales rather than subscriptions. ®


text: Acrobatic Gymnastics is a spectacular sport for people who want to share the thrill of performing balances, flips, and twists with their friends. While other gymnasts might handstand on the bars or beam, acrobats find themselves balancing on their team mate's feet, hands or shoulders. With roles as tops, middles or bases, there is a place for everyone in Acrobatic Gymnastics.


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It's a Smile that makes it a Good Day! The smaller joys of life that can brighten up one's life everyday often get ignored in the pursuit of larger joys. With its tagline of "Har cookie mein kayi Smiles." Good Day will act as an enabler in enjoying all those small moments in everyday life! In its brand new tastier avatar, Britannia Good Day brings alive its philosophy of Smiles through its new Logo, packaging and cookie, the New Good Day cookie comes with a smiley design on it as well!
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Someone named Kim has founded a blog analyzing the outfits of Claudia Kishi of the Baby-Sitters Club. Every single post is stirring these long-dormant emotions. Emotions that formed the basis of my very identity. Seriously, Claudia...where to begin? She was Japanese-American. She was only 12, but her awesome ensembles made her look at least fifteen. Claudia was wacky, unfiltered, studied and deliberate and sophisticated and truly outrageous all at once. Claudia was Harajuku before Harajuku; ahead of her time. Leggings! Feathers! Beads! Boots! I am glad Claudia was in middle school when I was eight, out of the age range of working at American Apparel. Claudia was a free spirit. Once Claudia was shown up by Stacey's friend Laine, who lived in Manhattan and dressed all in black. Laine looked at least nineteen. But Laine was sad, there was something tragic and vulnerable in all her snotty minimalism; Claudia possessed the carefree Whatthefuckery of the suburbs. I was never a Claudia girl; in fact, most of my post adolescent life has been about rejecting Claudia's sort of zany excess. As a kid I fancied myself more of a Dawn, actually. Remember when Claudia helped Dawn get dressed when they went on that Disney Cruise in the first Super Special? You will...
This is the outfit Claudia helped me to choose: a white tank top under lavender overalls, lavender push-down socks, lavender high-top sneakers, and a beaded Indian belt, which we looped droopily twice around my middle. In my hair we put lavender-and-white clips that looked like birds. I thought they were just any kind of bird, but Claudia swore up and down that they were birds of paradise. Who knows? (I think she was making that up.)"
"Don't doubt the master, Dawn," is what Kim has to say about this. Kim speculates that Claudia is simply
a super-tranny from Transylvania who is not apologizing for it. Seriously though, you know Claudia grew up to be the woman who, after spending the night with a man, sneaks out of bed at 5am and spends an hour making herself all glowing and tousled and sexified and then sneaks back into bed all "what? I always look like this in the morning!" I, on the other hand, don't even bother to wipe the drool off my pillow. Love me, love my excessive amounts of drool, that's what I say.
I say that too! God, I totally have like a drooling problem, come to think of it, but that's another post. Anyway, I never would have figured any of this out about myself if not for the awesome influence of Claudia Kishi.
What Claudia Wore
BSC Headquarters
Earlier: Were You A Judy Blume Enthusiast Or A Babysitters Club Nerd?


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MESSENGER participation
The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft is a scientific investigation of the planet Mercury by NASA. Mercury is still the least explored terrestrial planet and understanding it and how it was formed is essential to understanding the other terrestrial planets and their evolution. The only other visit to the planet was the Mariner 10 spacecraft in 1975, giving us some hints on its average density (the second greatest of all the planets), the composition of its atmosphere (thinnest of the terrestrial planets), the fact that it possesses a global magnetic field, and its extreme variations in temperature. MESSENGER mission entered Mercury orbit in March 2011 and started the nominal mission on on April 2011: data collected during the three initial and the flybys are analyzed to better understand this world. The primary mission was completed on March 2012, having collected close to 100,000 images and more than 3 million spectra in the wavelength range from 320 nm to 1450 from the Mercury Atmospheric and Surface and Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) instrument.
After running out of propellant for course adjustments, MESSENGER entered its expected terminal phase of orbital decay in late 2014. MESSENGER continued studying Mercury during its decay period producing the high spatial resolution resolution data. The spacecraft crashed onto the surface of Mercury on April 30, 2015, at 19:26 GMT, at a velocity of 14080 km/h in an estimated location at 54.4° N, 149.9° W on Suisei Planitia. NASA confirmed the end of the MESSENGER mission at 19:40 GMT after NASA's Deep Space Network failed to detect the spacecraft's reemergence from behind Mercury.
MASCS Data analysis & results
In 2010 NASA has selected us as participating scientists for the MESSNGER mission. We have since then supported the MESSENGER team with data processing and high temperature spectroscopy at PEL.
Under the hypothesis that surface compositional information can be effectively derived from spectral reflectance measurements with the use of statistical techniques, we employ unsupervised hierarchical clustering analyses to identify and characterize spectral units from all orbital observations made with MASCS during the primary mission. The results indicate a dichotomy in major units, with one spectral unit in the polar regions and a spectrally distinct unit in equatorial areas. The spatial extent of the polar unit in the northern hemisphere shows a generally good correlation with the northern volcanic plains and with the regions of enhanced potassium abundance as mapped by the Gamma-Ray Spectrometer on MESSENGER. This asymmetry indicates that peak surface temperature, although potentially important, is not the only factor that contributes to the different spectral character of the surface units. We conclude that compositional differences also contribute to the spectral differences between the two major units on the surface of Mercury identified with this hierarchical clustering approach.
The work on the MESSENGER mission is essential as preparation for the data analysis of the MERTIS instrument. MERTIS will provide us with a high complementary dataset that will enable us to understand better the mineralogy of Mercury.