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AILSA HOSPITAL, AYR Aisla Hospital was originally built as Ayrshire District Asylum. A competition was held for the design which was won by the Dundee architects Edward and Robertson. The present main block represents the original building, with many later alterations and extensions. The asylum was built to accommodate 230 patients at a cost of £30,000 and opened on 28 July 1869. In 1879 two, two-storey ward wings of 56 beds were added and in 1886 the original recreation hall at the centre of the building to the rear, was extended to the south. In 1894 the east and west wings were extended again and a separate fever hospital opened.
Two villas were constructed in the grounds of the asylum in 1899, Alton and Albany House. One was for male and the other for female patients.
The separate hospital block to the north-east was added in 1904-6 which provided 132 beds. It was designed by J. B. Wilson, on the pavilion plan, although the central pair of pavilions contained double wards, separated by a spine wall. The main building contractor for the mason and brickwork was D. Kirkland of Ayr, the other tradesmen were McLeod & Son, Dumbarton, wright; Auld & Sons, Ayr, plumbers and plasterers; P. & W. McLellan Ltd, Glasgow for the steel work;, Kean and Wardrop, Glasgow, tilers; Willock & Son, Ayr, painters, and J. Gibbons of Wolverhampton, ironmonger.
This addition was in keeping with contemporary developments in asylum planning exemplified by such new asylums as Gartloch, on the eastern fringe of Glasgow, with its separate hospital section. Such developments quickly filtered through to the older asylums. The hospital block at the Ayrshire Asylum was built during Dr Charles Easterbrook's term there as Medical Superintendent from 1902-7, after which he went on to the Crichton Royal.
In 1958 the asylum adopted the name of Ailsa Hospital and ten years later Glengall House was converted for use as a short term Neurosis Unit and renamed 'Loudon House'. There are some major post-war additions to the original complex, Croy Ward, to the west of the original building was built in the 1970s, along with a new boiler house. [Sources: Ayrshire and Arran Health Board: plans: Building News, Sept 1905: The British Architect, 11 Nov 1904, p.ix]
ARDMOHR LODGE, WHITING BAY, ARRAN Ardmohr House or Lodge opened c.1930 as a convalescent home established by Bute County Council Health Committee for Infectious Diseases. It contained six beds and was staffed by nurses from the War Memorial Hospital. It closed in 1951 as it was considered to be too small to be economic, and thereafter was transferred to the Board of Management of Dykebar Hospital as a holiday home. (Ardmhor Hospital, Arran closed in 1983) [Sources: Robert McLellan, Isle of Arran, Edinburgh, 1970, p.209.]
ARDROSSAN FEVER HOSPITAL (demolished) This was probably the small infectious diseases hospital built at Parkhouse Bridge in the 1880s-90s. By the 1960s it had been taken over by the Electricity Board, which built an office to the south. The cemetery had been extended to the northern boundary of the former hospital and an electricity transformer station built on the site to the east.
ARDROSSAN & SALTCOATS JOINT HOSPITAL This isolation hospital seems to date from the late nineteenth century when The Builder announced a competition for plans for a new hospital at Ardrossan in December 1898. It was won by the architects Fryer & Penman of Largs.
The buildings survived until relatively recently, having been converted into Springvale Nursery School by the 1960s (Springvale was the name of the original buildings on the site). The administration block/nurses accommodation may still be extant – a two storey red brick building, but the school has been replaced by a new building. [Sources:The Builder, 3 Dec. 1898, p.508; 10 Dec, 1898, p.533; 7 Jan 1899, p.16]
AYR COUNTY HOSPITAL, HOLMSTON ROAD (demolished) The hospital was built in 1880-2 on rising ground near the river on a site adjacent to the unusually attractive, blond sandstone poorhouse (see below). It was designed by a local architect John Murdoch. The strong red sandstone set up an immediate contrast to the adjacent poorhouse, carried through in the heavier details of the hospital. The principal façade of the two-storey entrance and administration block was symmetrical with a three-bay centrepiece and outer gabled wings, linked by lower ranges. It had a handsome doorpiece and was crowned by a vigorously varied skyline with its central carved panel framed by fluted Ionic pilasters.
The hospital originated in 1817 with the Ayr, Newton and Wallacetown Dispensary, established to provide medical aid to the indigent sick. This led to the first general voluntary hospital being opened in 1844 in Mill Street. The Mill Street Hospital was built in response to the frequent outbreaks of fever in the district. The site was obtained in 1842 near the old poorhouse and the foundation stone laid on 31 March 1843.
The new hospital also provided for fever patients, together with 44 beds for general cases. There was a considerable over spend on the buildings, sufficient for the architect, John Murdoch, to submit a detailed report of the expenditure to the Board of Management, which was later published in the local newspaper. In part he blamed the change of site from Millbrae Road which required greater costs for digging, levelling, drains etc, but much of the extra cost seems have been due to higher specifications in finish – particularly in the fever wards – and additional detached buildings. Items listed included enamelled bricks for the fever wards, building a disinfecting room, Pennycook's patent sash openers, enclosing coils of pipes with sliding board, fittings required for fireclay baths, 'deafening' of lower ward and fittings for hoist, enamelled Stourbridge baths, Keene's cement in various parts of the buildings (bathrooms, fever wards, and 'arisses of piers), Portland cement floors to the verandahs, zinc tubes connecting ventilators with outlets.
In February 1883 the hospital was officially opened by R. F. F Campbell of Craigie M.P. It comprised a central block of three storeys, with wings at either end, containing admin offices, staff accommodation, four large and four smaller wards, and a convalescent ward, in all providing for 45 male and female patients besides children. A separate fever hospitals was situated to the rear with 24 beds in two pairs of wards and two small extra wards. Dr Charles C. Scott of Edinburgh was appointed house surgeon.
Fever patients continued to be treated there until the local authority built the hospital at Heathfield. The last patients were transferred to Heathfield Hospital in 1904, and the old fever wards at the County Hospital converted into medical and surgical wards.
In 1907, financial constraints led to the Board of Management closing one large and four small wards, the difficulty of raising funds was a common problem with the voluntary hospitals. The hospital closed in 1991. It was subsequently demolished and the site redeveloped for housing. [Sources: Ayrshire and Arran Health Board: Minute Books and Annual Reports, 1880-1939, Scrap Book 1890-1920 at Hospital: The Builder, 24 July 1880, p.127; 6 May 1893, p.354: The Scotsman, 5 Dec 1882, p.4: Ayr Advertiser or West Country Journal, 25 Jan 1883, p.4: Glasgow Herald, 14 Feb 1883, p.10]
AYR COUNTY SMALLPOX HOSPITAL, TROON This tiny hospital was to the north of Troon, towards the Barassie Carriage and Wagon Works.
The hospital closed in about 1935, although the buildings remained into the 1950s and 60s as St Quivox House. [Sources: Department of Health for Scotland, 7th Annual Report, 1935]
AYR POORHOUSE, HOLMSTON ROAD Probably the most visually appealing poorhouse in Scotland with its three central, shaped gables. Although the plan was not particularly advanced it is more architecturally interesting than many contemporary poorhouses in its details. It has also been well preserved and maintained.
It was opened in 1860, built to designs by William Lambie Moffat, and reminiscent of his later Chalmers Hospital at Banff. It replaced an earlier poorhouse built in 1756.
Latterly used as council offices and an adult training centre, named Holmston House, it was put up for sale in 2010, but had still failed to find a buyer early in 2014. [Sources: Scottish Record Office, plans RHP 30860/1-34 See also www.workhouses.org ]
AYRSHIRE CENTRAL HOSPITAL, IRVINE Comparable to both Inverurie and Hawkhead Hospitals, though lacking the flair of Tait's buildings at the latter, these three hospitals constitute a interesting and important group of local authority infectious diseases hospitals built in the international modern style, adopting bold cubic shapes and flat roofs.
Ayrshire Central, designed in 1935 by William Reid, the County Architect, has a strong impact with its brilliant white finish enhanced by good maintenance and sympathetic extensions. The hospital was built to replace the old, small infectious diseases hospitals scattered over the county, and to meet the local authority's new responsibility for maternity cases. The site was split into two halves to cater for the different functions. The infectious diseases section opening in 1941, and the maternity section in 1944. The specialities within the hospital altered when cases of tuberculosis declined and hospital confinements increased. Eventually, the infectious section became a general area with the ward pavilions adapted to various new functions.
The nurses' home, in a central position between the two sections of the hospital, was designed on a U-plan and is a particularly pleasing small-scale example of its type. It has an almost Italian feel with the arcaded ground floor. The glazing and contemporary fire escapes are particularly notable details. [Sources: Ayrshire and Arran Health Board, Souvenir Brochure of Opening, 1941, site plan: Architect & Building News, 18 June 1937, p.359]
BALLOCHMYLE HOUSE AND HOSPITAL, MAUCHLINE The original house of Ballochmyle was a modest, neo-classical residence, designed by John Adam. An elevation and plan of the original house, built for the Whitefords, appeared in Vitruvius Scoticus. In 1791, a nursery wing was added by Sir Claud Alexander who had purchased the house in 1784. The mansion had associations with Robert Burns who was familiar with the Adam house. It was greatly extended in the late nineteenth century by the prominent Edinburgh firm of architects, Wardrop & Reid, who were particularly notable for their schemes of interior decoration.
Wardrop & Reid created a grand new façade which was largely symmetrical, with a servants' wing to one side. As might be expected, the attention to interior details was considerable.In the 1980s the house had been empty for some years and was rapidly decaying. Some of the earlier parts of the building were still visible to the rear though in a perilous condition. The lavish interiors survived only in a photographic survey, carried out by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland in the 1970s.
Ballochmyle is one of a number of country houses taken over for hospital purposes but unlike others it has suffered from shameful neglect and needs a serious attempt to find a long-term future. The house and estate were taken over under the Emergency Medical Scheme at the beginning of the Second World War. A complete new hospital was built in front of the house and the mansion was converted into staff accommodation.
The first part of the hospital opened in August 1940 comprising single-storey, timber-framed ward huts. More wards were completed in the following year. By 1948 there were 692 beds in four units of eight wards each. The units catered for general, surgical and medical cases, orthopaedics, physiotherapy, diversional therapy and stores, together with accommodation for Polish patients. Later the bed complement was reduced to a less overcrowded 385.
The closure of Ballochmyle Hospital in 2000, saw the surrounding buildings demolished. Work began early in 2006 on the grounds to build luxury homes. The company, Ardgowan Homes, also restored the mansion to as close to its original structure as possible. Scaffolding for the house began going up in November 2006, the house was completed in 2012. [Sources: Vitruvius Scoticus: Edinburgh University Special Collections, Wardrop and Reid plans for Ballochmyle House: RCAHMS, National Monuments Record of Scotland, photographic collection: http://www.ayrshirescotland.com/mansions/ballochmyle.html%5D
Bellfield Hospital, Riccarton see Kaimshill Sanatorium
BIGGART MEMORIAL HOME, PRESTWICK Biggart Hospital was originally founded as a holiday home for crippled children in connection with the Fresh Air Fortnight scheme by Mr and Mrs Robert Biggart of Beith as a memorial to their parents. The oldest part was built in 1903-5 to designs by R. A. Bryden, of red sandstone with three gabled bays. Extensions of 1909-10 were probably by J. K. Hunter. By the mid-1930s the home had been almost doubled in size by extensions to the south.
All the older parts of the building are now somewhat lost amongst the more recent additions and extensions. In 1966 the home became a geriatric hospital and in 1969 a day hospital was added. In 1976 Kildean units were added and a new central kitchen built. [Sources: Pevsner Guide Ayrshire and Arran, Rob Close and Anne Riches, Yale University Press 2012: Edinburgh Evening News, 19 May 1905, p.6]
BROOKSBY HOUSE, LARGS Brooksby house was formerly the convalescent home for Glasgow's Victoria Infirmary. The Board of Management for the Infirmary purchased this substantial villa by the sea-front at Largs in 1896 and later, overhauled and repainted the inside before it was officially opened by Lady Watson on 26 June 1897. It offered accommodation for 24 patients.
The house was originally built c.1837 as a yachting residence for a Glasgow merchant, Matthew Perston. It was designed by David Hamilton and is one of the architect's finest classical villas. The main elevation faces west and is of five bays, with a verandah, now missing its canopy, in front of the central projecting bay. The interiors were particularly fine, with plaster ceilings, chimney-pieces and a painted armorial ceiling in the rooms on the ground floor.
Perston had a house in Largs by 1836, when he was the owner of the Yacht 'Wave', though his house is not named as Brooksby until 1845. In 1839 he won a challenge cup with Wave and he had been elected a steward of the Royal Northern Yacht Club by 1844. The Club's Regatta was held in Largs in 1844. In 1846 he was a shareholder of the Glasgow, Largs and Milport Steam-boat Company, but his main business was the Bothwell Street Spinning Company in Glasgow. Perston was bankrupted in 1847, and had to put Brooksby House up for sale or to let. A buyer proved hard to find, and a sale of his wines, port, madeira, sherry etc along with much of the house's furniture was held in June 1848. The following year, in October 1849 ,the house was advertised for sale again, at the reduced price of £3,700, despite having cost £10,000 to build. It was described as a splendid marine residence. It had three reception rooms, seven bedrooms, as well as a bathroom and hot and cold water. It seems that Perston and his family emigrated to Australia.
By the 1850s the house had become the home of Robert Graham, a Justice of the Peace for Ayrshire, and his family. Robert Graham had died by the mid-1860s, but his daughter, Gertrude Schuyler Ramsay, wife of George Gilbert Ramsay, Professor of Humanity at the University of Glasgow, and son, R. C. Graham and his wife, retained the house. In 1897 Brooksby House was acquired by the Victoria Infirmary from Robert Graham of Skipness. Graham agreed to sell for £4,000, but the Infirmary Governors did not wish to pay more than £3,500. After some haggling, they agreed to meet half way. The Infirmary wished to acquired a suitable property in which their patients might convalesce partly in order to fulfil the wishes of their great benefactor Robert Couper, had had left £40,000 in his will to establish the infirmary and a convalescent home in connection with it. The Governors also recognised the benefits of having such a facility. It would allow patients to be discharged earlier, and thus help to lessen the waiting list for beds in the Victoria. They calculated that they should be able to treat at least 400 more patients a year.
Brooksby House was attractive because of its seaside location, easy distance from Glasgow, and because the service buildings to the rear, including coach-house and stables, could easily be rented out and provide an income without interfering with the amenity of the home. After a swift refurbishment, the home was formally opened on 26 June 1897 by the Lady Watson, wife of the Chairman of the Board of Governors, Sir Henry Watson. Accommodation was provided for 24 patients, later raised to 30.
Under the National Health Service Brooksby initially remained under the same Board of Management as the Victoria Infirmary. Latterly it was mostly used to provide a fortnight's holiday for long-stay psychiatric patients from Leverndale Hospital. In 1983 it was transferred to Ayrshire and Arran Health Board and more recently, since 2009, has been used as the North West Ayrshire Resource Centre by the NHS. [Sources: The Scotsman, 8 Sept 1847, p.4: Glasgow Herald, 18 April 1845, p.2; 6 March 1846, p.4; 25 Feb 1848 p.3; 29 May 1848, p.3: Greenock Advertiser, 14 December 1852 p.2: Morning Advertiser, 11 Aug 1865, p.8: Largs & Millport Weekly, 3 July 1897: NHS, Greater Glasgow & Clyde Archives, Victoria Infirmary Annual Reports: S. D. Slater & D. A. Dow, The Victoria Infirmary of Glasgow 1890 -1990, 1990, pp.245-7.]
BUCKREDDAN MATERNITY HOSPITAL, KILWINNING Located in a converted house to the south east of Kilwinning which may once have belonged to the owner of the Eglinton Iron Works, this hospital was originally opened as the Kilwinning Maternity Home by the local authority in September 1932.
The labour and sterilising rooms were in the main house. A new ward block for 24 patients was added to it in 1936 with the intention of using the Home as an additional ante-natal rest home after the new maternity until at Ayrshire Central Hospital was completed. In 1978 it became a post-natal recuperative home for mothers and babies but closed in 1984 when Crosshouse Hospital opened at Kilmarnock. It is now a care home. [Sources: Department of Health for Scotland, 8th Annual Report, 1936 ]
BUTE COTTAGE HOSPITAL, CUMNOCK Provided by Lady Bute in 1882 and staffed by nurses from the Sisters of the Sacred Heart, the Bute Cottage Hospital was a small stone building with just ten beds.
It closed in 1950 and has since been demolished. [Sources: John Laurenson, Cumnock & New Cumnock in Old Picture Post-Cards, 1983, p.39]
CLARK HOSPITAL, LARGS (demolished) The Clark Hospital was built in Moorburn Road in 1882 at the expense of John Clark of the Anchor Mills, Paisley. It was taken over around 1897 by the County Council as an infectious diseases hospital. The hospital closed in 1931. A clinic was built to the south and the former hospital, renamed Clark House, became a children's home. There was a planning application to turn the clinic into a museum in 2010, around which time Clark House was demolished and the site redeveloped for housing.
Intended originally to serve the poor, suffering from infectious disease or accident, the infirmary was built of local red sandstone, and contained two principal wards, one on either side of the central entrance, with pine floors and, somewhat bizarrely, the walls were wallpapered but painted to look like tiles. Each ward contained four 'cots'… 'complete with the newest contrivances in the shape of back-rests, sliding tables, spring bottoms &c.' Adjoining the main wards were smaller ones, and there was also a 'commodious dining room' for convalescent patients, and the usual ancillary rooms. The ladies committee was provided with their own room, that was handsomely furnished and 'made doubly attractive by a well-stocked bookcase and a number of valuable engravings'. A separate building housed the mortuary, laundry and wash-house, while the grounds were laid out as an garden for the patients with walks, grass plots, a lawn and seats placed along the walks. The tradesmen who constructed the building were mostly local men: John Caldwell, masonry; W & T Duff, joinery; John Stewart, slating; Stirling & Telford, plastering; Joseph Walker, painting. The plumber, Mr Kirkpatrick, was from Paisley. [Sources: Glasgow Herald, 29 Sept 1882, p.9]
CO-OPERATIVE SEASIDE HOME, SEAMILL Now the Seamill Training Centre, this large former convalescent home was built in 1895-6 to designs by James Davidson. Davidson also drew up the plans for its extension in 1901-2.
The interior had fine woodwork and stained glass. On the staircase the windows had photographic images of six of the benefactors. By the 1980s the building was being used as a teachers' centre. [Sources: Pevsner Guide to Ayrshire and Arran, by Rob Close and Anne Riches, Yale University Press 2012: for a photograph see North Ayrshire Council Yesterdays photo stream on flickr]
CROFTHEAD SMALLPOX HOSPITAL, AYR Constructed by Speirs & Co. in 1903, well to the east of Ayr, the hospital also provided accommodation for Cholera patients until Heathfield Hospital opened in 1905. Crofthead consisted of the usual administration building and two ward blocks with ancillary buildings.
A further ward block was added in 1921 which brought the bed complement up to thirty but after 1925 it ceased to be used for infectious diseases. Nevertheless it was transferred to the NHS in 1948, at which time it was listed as having 20 beds.
CROSSHOUSE HOSPITAL, KILMARNOCK The new District General Hospital for Kilmarnock opened in 1984. Its long, low white frontage, set on high ground, is a landmark for many miles around. Work began on the hospital in the 1970s. It was designed for the Western Regional Health Board around 1972, as the North Ayrshire District General Hospital.
Since 2012 it has been called the University Hospital Crosshouse, as a partner of the University of the West of Scotland, administered by NHS Ayrshire and Arran. In 2006 a new Maternity Unit was opened on the site, designed by Keppie Design, replacing the maternity services at Ayrshire Central Hospital. The addition of a pitched roof to the modernist hospital building is somewhat ridiculous.
Cunninghame Combination Poorhouse, see Ravenspark Hospital
DALRY COTTAGE HOSPITAL This small, single-storey hospital, established by the 1880s, appears to have gone out of use by the time that the NHS was inaugurated and was converted into a private house.
DAVIDSHILL INFECTIOUS DISEASES HOSPITAL, DALRY A small brick‑built local authority infectious diseases hospital with the usual administration block and two pavilions. It was in operation by 1895.
DAVIDSON MEMORIAL COTTAGE HOSPITAL, THE AVENUE, GIRVAN The hospital was founded and endowed by Thomas Davidson as a memorial to his mother. It was designed by Watson, Salmon and Gray, and built in 1921 on the standard cottage hospital plan, with its central administration block flanked by wards.
It has much charm with details such as the balustrade to the front, broken segmental pediment above the entrance, and the simple Lorimeresque dormerheads. The quality of the masonry and slate‑work is excellent. Tilberthwaite slates were used which are a silvery grey colour. The hospital has a much more intimate character than the firm's work at Philipshill Hospital and the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow (see separate entries). A new day hospital was added to the rear and in 1970 a new ward, out‑patients' department and boiler house were opened.
The hospital was scheduled for closure in 2010, and replaced by a new community hospital on the outskirts of Girvan designed by Austin Smith Lord. In 2021 the cottage hospital was boarded up. [Sources: The Builder, 1 July 1921, p.10: http://www.austinsmithlord.com/projects/girvan-community-hospital/%5D
DRUMLEY HOUSE, ANNBANK (demolished) Drumley House is mentioned in the 3rd Statistical Account as 'recently presented to the county for a Maternity Hospital by Mrs Davidson, its one‑time owner, [it] has recently been adapted and equipped'. In about 1960 it became an independent school. This merged with Wellington School, Ayr, in the 1990s. The building may have then been converted into flats but was derelict by 2012 and demolished the following year. [Sources: 3rd Statistical Account, Ayrshire, 1951]
DUBS MEMORIAL CONVALESCENT HOME, KIRKMICHAEL The Dubs Memorial Convalescent Home opened c.1947‑9 in the mansion house Cloncaird Castle. It is listed in early directories for the National Health Service but closed in the early 1970s.
DUNLOP HOUSE, DUNLOP The original house and lands were called Hunthall and belonged to the Dunlop family from the fourteenth century. The family played a prominent part in Scottish history from the seventeenth‑nineteenth centuries. Sir John Dunlop married the eldest daughter of the Earl of Rosebery and was member of parliament for Ayrshire from 1833 until 1839. It was he who built the present mansion house. He was succeeded by his son Sir James, the second baronet, but he died in 1858 and the title became extinct.
The house was acquired in 1933 as a mental deficiency institution by the local authority. Despite the unfortunate recent additions of lift towers, it is a fine example of David Hamilton's work in the Neo‑Jacobean style with its blend of historical details seen in the strapwork window pediments, angle turrets and buckle quoins. Internally some of its original effect has been lost by flooring over the central hall (carried out after conversion to a hospital), which would have risen up through all floors, with galleries and top lighting. However, some good plaster ceilings and chimney-pieces remain. [Sources: Glasgow Herald, 30 Nov. 1933 p.7: A. H. Millar, Castles and Mansions of Ayrshire]
EAST AYRSHIRE COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, CUMNOCK Built to replace Ballochmyle Hospital. It was procured under a PFI contract in 1999. Designed by MacLachlan Monaghan and built by BAM Construction at a cost of £9m, it was completed in 2000.
EAST PARK HOME, LARGS The Architect & Building News for 1933 refers to the hospital with work done by the architect J. Fairweather, though this may refer to work at the Glasgow East Park Home for which this was presumably the country branch. Established as a seaside home for 'crippled' children in the former Warren Park House. The building has resumed its original name and is now a nursing home.
GIRVAN INFECTIOUS DISEASES HOSPITAL The Carrick District and Girvan Burgh Combination Hospital was built around the later 1890s or early 1900s. It was converted into a war‑time nursery during the Second World War.
GLENAFTON SANATORIUM Situated to the north of Craigdarroch and on the lower slopes of Black Craig Hill, the sanatorium was built by public subscription and opened in 1906 with accommodation for 20 patients. The building was designed by F. E. Jones of the London partnership of Weatherly & Jones, in 1903. According to The British Architect,
It is stated by experts that a heavy rainfall has no effect on consumptives during treatment and therefore the Ayrshire sanatorium is to be built on a 30 acre site 825 feet above sea level at Glen Afton, a very wet district on the border of the county at a cost of £2,000. [British Architect 10 April 1903 Page 274]
The sanatorium was transferred to local authority control in 1908, and was called simply the Ayrshire Sanatorium.
It was extended in 1909 and 1913 to provide 70 beds. In 1939 a recreation hall complete with stage was added for female patients, also to be used as a concert hall, a cinema and for social activities. The cinema apparatus installed in the hall was of the type supplied at that time to British warships, and was suitable for full-size sound films. A film was shown after the opening ceremony. Most of the cost of building the hall was met by a bequest from Robert Blackwood, the former Kilmarnock burgh surveyor, who had died in 1937.
With the inauguration of the National Health Service it was linked to Ayrshire Central Hospital's chest unit and a new nurses' home opened in 1952. With the decline in the need for TB treatment it began to change its function and in 1958 it provided twenty beds for the chronic sick. Although it was upgraded and extended in 1960‑64 the hospital closed in 1966 and the patients transferred to the Biggart Hospital. The site is now {2015} the Glen Afton Caravan Park, and at least one of the sanatorium buildings remains (there is a photograph on newcumnock.net).[Sources: T. N. Kelynack (Ed.), Tuberculosis Year Book and Sanatoria Annual, 1913‑14, p.291‑2; Lancet, 14 July 1906, p.128: Glasgow Herald, 18 Dec 1939, p.5.]
HEATHFIELD HOSPITAL, AYR (demolished) Heathfield Hospital was built by John Eaglesham, c.1904. It is a standard‑plan, medium‑sized infectious diseases hospital, reminiscent of Bryden's Glasgow area hospitals, with its multi‑ gabled administration block.
A small isolation hospital for smallpox and cholera had existed at Heathfield before this hospital was built. The new buildings took fever patients formerly treated at the County Hospital. Originally it had accommodation for 60 patients in three pavilions, with a laundry, porters lodge and kitchen block as well as the administration building. It was formally opened in June 1905. From 1907, beds were being provided for Pulmonary TB.
By 1931 three more pavilions had been added and the nurses' home was built in 1937. It has since been converted into office accommodation. A large out‑patients' department was built on the adjacent site which opened in March 1962 (latterly the Heathfield Clinic).
This had closed by 2014, and had been demolished by June 2015, together with the remaining buildings of the original hospital.
HOLMHEAD HOSPITAL, CUMNOCK (mostly demolished) Holmhead Hospital was one of the ten local authority infectious diseases hospitals in Ayrshire, built after the 1897 Public Health Act. It was provided for the Cumnock District and is typical of these smaller hospitals. In about 1920 a TB block was added which has been altered and extended with the enclosure of its former verandah to make a day‑room. It was superseded as an infectious diseases hospital by Ayrshire Central and was converted for geriatric patients.
In 1973 a new 30‑bed Kildean Unit was opened, the first purpose‑ built geriatric ward in Ayrshire. The Kildean Units were designed to be self‑contained with small wards, good dining room and lounge, and its own kitchen, staff rooms, doctor's room and treatment room.
The original buildings have lost most of their interest as a result of later adaption. Although relatively recent, the Kildean Unit is of considerable interest in the history of caring for the elderly. All but the gate lodge has been demolished, demolition seems to have been in progress around 2009.
IRVINE BANK SMALLPOX HOSPITAL, KILMARNOCK This small smallpox hospital was in existence by 1874. It is probably the same as Bellfield Hospital, which is labelled as a smallpox hospital on the OS map for 1908, or Bellfield may have replaced Irvine Bank.
ISLE OF ARRAN WAR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, LAMLASH The hospital is of two-storeys in red sandstone with a gabled roofline and a veranda across the entrance. It has an old-fashioned appearance, more typical of the late-nineteenth century than post-First World War. Designed by Archibald Cook, the Arran cottage hospital opened in 1922, and is one of a group of hospital buildings founded as a memorial to local men who lost their lives in the First World War. A memorial tablet in the hallway of the hospital commemorates its foundation in February 1919. It consisted of the usual two wards, small operating theatre and administration block, together with a central home for district nurses. The first sod was cut by the Marquis of Graham on 1 January 1921 and the foundation stone was laid in July by the Marchioness. The hospital was opened by the Duchess of Hamilton.
It was extended in 1927 and a maternity ward was built in 1930 from a legacy left by Mrs. Gemmell. A further eight‑bed extension was opened in 1972. [Sources: for a photograph of the hospital see the BBC Your Paintings site, which also has details of three artworks at the hospital, there is also an old postcard of the hospital on flickr from the Isle of Arran Heritage Museum. The Scottish War Memorials Project has recorded the hospital and the memorial plaque.]
KAIMSHILL SANATORIUM, KILMARNOCK This hospital enjoyed a chequered career. Variously known as the Kilmarnock Infectious Diseases Hospital, and Bellfield Hospital, it first opened in 1892. The original buildings on the site were designed by R. S. Ingram for smallpox and cholera cases and comprised the usual administration department and two ward blocks. It was estimated to cost £1,200 and provided twelve beds. Typically for a local authority hospital for infectious diseases, was located right next to the cemetery. (Later Kirklandside hospital was built near by, to the south-west on the other side of the railway tracks.)
In 1909 the first TB patients were admitted and the hospital became known as Kaimshill Sanatorium. There were two brick‑built wards and an assortment of wooden chalets and tents. It later developed as a sanatorium for children.
In the 1950s, as the need for TB accommodation lessened, there was a timely bequest from the Misses Mary Ann Hay, and Eliza Jane Torrance, to found a convalescent home for the Kilmarnock Infirmary patients. This was used to adapt Kaimshill into a continuation unit for the Infirmary. After the necessary renovations the hospital re‑opened as Torrance House on 22 May 1959. The site now contains a random assortment of buildings. It closed in 1984 when Crosshouse Hospital opened, and latterly has been used as a residential care home for the elderly. [Sources: The Builder, 8 October 1892, p.288: T. N. Kelynack (ed.), Tuberculosis Year Book and Sanatoria Annual, Vol.1, 1913‑14.]
THE KERR HOSPITAL, LARGS The Kerr Hospital at Largs was in existence by 1878. As no other reference to this hospital seems to have emerged, it seems probable that it was a misprint for the Clark Hospital (see above). [Sources: Largs & Milport Weekly News, 16 Nov. 1878.]
Kilmarnock Infectious Diseases Hospital see Kaimshill Sanatorium
KILMARNOCK INFIRMARY, WELLINGTON STREET The foundation stone for the infirmary was laid in September 1867 and it opened in the following year.
A dispensary had been opened in 1826 for the sick poor, run by the town's doctors. There were some beds attached to the dispensary but it was quite inadequate, particularly for dealing with fever patients. An attempt was made to set up a fever hospital in the 1840s, but the scheme did not get under way for a further two decades when the building in Wellington Street was constructed to accommodate both fever patients and general cases.
William Railton, the notable local architect, furnished plans for this imposing building set on rising ground, which forms an important landmark in the town. It shows the influence of Alexander (Greek) Thomson, not merely in the neo‑Greek details, such as the incised ornamental masonry, but in the assured handling of the composition, reminiscent of some of Thomson's Glasgow terraces. Originally the Infirmary provided 24 beds, but expansion was soon required. In 1874 the first major extension was built, the fever wards were enlarged in 1882. In 1891 a wing to the rear was built after funds were provided by Lady Howard de Walden. A further new block of dormitories was completed in 1900.
The largest extensions to the hospital were designed by Sir J. J. Burnet in consultation with Dr Mackintosh of the Western Infirmary Glasgow, from 1911. The first phase being completed in 1915, with a three‑storey surgical ward block of fifty‑seven beds. The scheme was completed after the First World War in 1921 and the original block by Railton converted into administration offices and nurses' bedrooms. The Infirmary closed when the new District General Hospital at Crosshouse opened in 1984. The site was subsequently cleared and redeveloped with housing.[Sources: Archibald MacKay, History of Kilmarnock, p.313.]
KILMARNOCK MATERNITY HOME, Holmes Road (demolished) When the Home opened on 11 October 1937, it consisted of a new building by W. F. Valentine and a former dairy school which was converted for hospital use. The hospital provided 32 beds with three labour rooms, one theatre and a nursery for premature babies. The building is quite plain with shaped gable‑heads and simple contrasting details in the brick and roughcast finishes.
In 1991 the building was converted into Strathlea Resource Centre, a residential complex for people with mental health problems. It was the first of its kind in Scotland, with many innovative features and services. The buildings were extant in about 2010, but have now been demolished and replaced by a housing development (Strathlea Crescent). [Sources: Journal of the Institute of Municipal and County Engineers, 16 March 1937, p.1254: Frank Beattie, Kilmarnock Through Time, 2013]
KILWINNING INFECTIOUS DISEASES HOSPITAL (demolished) The infectious diseases hospital at Kilwinning was designed by John Armour Junior c.1897. It was built to the east of the Town opposite the cemetery and consisted of the standard administration building with two ward blocks, together with mortuary and laundry and contained 30 beds. [Sources: The Builder, 30 Jan. 1897, p.105.]
KIRKLANDSIDE HOSPITAL, KILMARNOCK (demolished) This local authority infectious diseases hospital was opened in 1910 and was designed by James Hay of Kilmarnock. It is brick built, as were the majority of Ayrshire's infectious diseases hospitals, but it has a marked superiority to Heathfield, or Holmhead in its setting, fine brickwork and striking masonry details in the lodges, chimney and administration building, all enclosed by a perimeter wall with good iron railings.
The ward blocks are plain and simple with some more recent additions. The excellent condition of the garden grounds enhances the buildings. The administration building has a stone carved panel above the door and a good stone chimney-piece in the entrance hall. The hospital chimney is above average and, unusually, square. When the need for such small infectious diseases units was ended by the provision of the large Ayrshire Central Hospital, Kirklandside was adapted as a geriatric unit. Extant in 2015, the site appears now to have been cleared. [Sources: Frank Beattie, Kilmarnock in old Picture Postcards, 1984, p.67. ]
KIRKMICHAEL HOUSE, AYRSHIRE This domestic house, formerly belonging to Mr F. Shaw Kennedy was converted into a convalescent home for miners and opened c.1930. It accommodated about 50 men.
LADY MARGARET HOSPITAL, MILLPORT, ISLE OF CUMBRAE Built by Millport Town Council as an infectious diseases hospital, the Lady Margaret Hospital took the Darnley Hospital, Glasgow, as its model.
The ground, well to the north of Millport, was leased to the council by the Marquis of Bute. A competition was held for the design and work began in 1899. It was built at a cost of £4,475 of which £1,783 was raised by the Bazaar Committee. The hospital was opened on 25 September 1900 by Lady Margaret Stuart. In 1929 it was taken over by Bute County Council and was converted to a general hospital with a maternity unit. [Sources: Glasgow Herald, 15 Jan. 1900: Largs and Millport Weekly News, 29 Sept. 1900]
MAYBOLE POORHOUSE (demolished) This small poorhouse was built in Ladyland Road with accommodation for 48 paupers. The plans were drawn up in 1863.
It closed after the First World War when it was converted into offices and a Labour Exchange. The main building was demolished c.2000, and only the former two-storey buildings at the entrance survived up to at least 2009 but have now been replaced by new houses. [Sources: James T. Gray, Carrick's Capital, 1972, p.131: Scottish Record Office, plans, RHP 30869/1‑6: and see workhouses.org]
RAVENSPARK HOSPITAL, IRVINE Formerly Cunninghame Combination Poorhouse, the original section of the present {1990} hospital was designed by William Railton. Plans were approved in 1857, by which time the land had been acquired and the site cleared. The poorhouse was designed on the standard H‑plan, similar to Maud Hospital in Grampian, with an advanced central tripartite bay and surmounting gable.
It was officially opened on 22 September 1858. The first pauper lunatics were admitted the following year. The Cunningham combination was one of the largest with eleven parishes combining from the outset with a population of over 53,000. The buildings were designed to accommodate 250 inmates.
In 1958 the hospital was renamed Ravenspark in an effort to dispel the aura of the poorhouse. The hospital closed in 1996, and was largely derelict by 2003 when an application was submitted to redevelop the site with housing, demolishing most of the buildings but retaining some façades. In 2011 the site was acquired by Dundas Estates, and redevelopment began for a housing scheme named Fairways View. The facade of the principal block was retained and the shell of the gate lodge. In 2012 a 'mass grave' was discovered by construction workers, this was an area where paupers were buried if they had no friend or relative to pay for burial elsewhere. [Sources: Ayrshire and Arran Health Board, plans: Ayr Local History Library, Minutes 1853‑1930: see also workhouses.org.]
ROCKVALE CHILDREN'S WELFARE HOME, CANAL STREET, SALTCOATS The Home was operating in the 1930s caring for debilitated children up to four years old. Rockvale House had been built by 1856 on what was then the eastern edge of Saltcoats. By the early twentieth century it had become a maternity hospital and home.
On the OS map published in 1939 it appears as a Miners' Welfare Home, and in that year there was a fatal accident when a train crashed down the embankment behind the home.
It seems that the name Rockvale transferred with the children's home to a house at the north end of Montgomerie Crescent. That building later became Saltcoats Burgh Chambers and has now been replaced by a block of flats. Around 1959 the Miners' Home was turned into a large public house, the New Argyle, and by the 1980s had become the Sands Hotel and largely, if not entirely, rebuilt. It was advertised for sale in 1986 and described as 'a modern purpose built public house and function/disco business'. It then became the Seabank Nursing Home. [Glasgow Herald, 20 Aug 1986, p.19: aerial photograph and information supplied by Scott McCallum on A Stroll round 1960s Saltcoats]
ROYAL ALEXANDRA INFIRMARY CONVALESCENT HOME, WEST KILBRIDE The convalescent home was built in 1886 after a site was offered by Mr James Arthur of Carlung. It was considerably extended in 1897. Rather than being for the Royal Alexandra Infirmary this seems to have been another Co-operative society convalescent home, this time serving Paisley.
It continued in use as a convalescent home into the 1960s, but in the 1970s was taken over as a community centre.
ST ANDREW'S HOME, MILLPORT This private hospital designed on the lines of an open‑air sanatorium treated non‑pulmonary TB cases and other orthopaedic conditions in children. It comprised a converted house with four ward blocks in the grounds.
SEAFIELD CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, AYR Seafield House is a well detailed, Italianate villa in the pleasant suburbs of Ayr. Built of yellow sandstone ashlar c.1859, by Clarke & Bell and extended c.1880 by R. A. Bryden. The interiors are generally well preserved with fine wood panelling. In the entrance hall there is a glass lantern providing top‑lighting with painted panels of considerable charm, and a turret room, reached by a stone turnpike stair, has a mosaic tile floor. The house was formerly the property of Sir William Arrol, engineer of the Forth Rail Bridge. During the First World War the house was used as an auxiliary hospital by the Scottish Red Cross after which it was acquired by Ayr Town Council as a Maternity and Child Welfare Hospital. During the 1930s it developed ear, nose and throat treatment for children. With the opening of Ayrshire Central's Maternity Hospital it became purely a children's hospital.
SEAMILL HYDRO Established by John Newbigging in 1879. The original block is to the south (on the right in the photograph, behind the single-storey addition). It was extended on the north side and to the rear in the 1890s, possibly by Thomas Smellie. A garden house was added around 1905 on the front lawns.
SPRINGVALE INFECTIOUS DISEASES HOSPITAL, SALTCOATS (see Ardrossan & Saltcoats Joint Hospital)
THORNYFLAT MATERNITY HOSPITAL, AYR (demolished) This unappealing Emergency Medical Scheme‑style hutted hospital was opened as a maternity home on Saturday, 3 July 1948 by Sir Alexander MacGregor, Chairman of the Western Regional Hospitals Board and a former Medical Officer of Health for Glasgow. The building was originally used as a sick bay for Heathfield aerodrome by the RAF and later by the Fleet Air Arm. It is an example of the elementary building required quickly in war time. After the Second World War, in 1946, due to a lack of hospital accommodation for normal maternity cases in Ayr, the Town Council acquired the building to adapt into a maternity hospital. The gas cleansing station on the site was fitted with windows and converted into a nurses' home. The hospital initially provided sixteen beds.
The hospital closed in the early 1990s, it had been demolished by 2008 when the site and surrounding area were redeveloped for new housing.
Torrance House, Kilmarnock See Kaimshill Sanatorium
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL AYR Built on part of the site of Ailsa Hospital, this new district general hospital opened in 1991. Originally called Ayr Hospital, it changed its name to University Hospital Ayr in 2012. It replaced Ayr County Hospital, Seafield and Heathfield Hospitals.


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subset: commoncrawl


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In the first article in this series, I showed that hypothyroidism is an autoimmune disease in 90% of cases. In this article we're going to discuss the connection between autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and gluten intolerance.
Several studies show a strong link between AITD (both Hashimoto's and Graves') and gluten intolerance. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] The link is so well-established that researchers suggest all people with AITD be screened for gluten intolerance, and vice versa.
What explains the connection? It's a case of mistaken identity. The molecular structure of gliadin, the protein portion of gluten, closely resembles that of the thyroid gland. When gliadin breaches the protective barrier of the gut, and enters the bloodstream, the immune system tags it for destruction. These antibodies to gliadin also cause the body to attack thyroid tissue. This means if you have AITD and you eat foods containing gluten, your immune system will attack your thyroid.
Even worse, the immune response to gluten can last up to 6 months each time you eat it. This explains why it is critical to eliminate gluten completely from your diet if you have AITD. There's no "80/20″ rule when it comes to gluten. Being "mostly" gluten-free isn't going to cut it. If you're gluten intolerant, you have to be 100% gluten-free to prevent immune destruction of your thyroid.
So how do you find out if you're gluten intolerant? Unfortunately, standard lab tests aren't very accurate. They test for antibodies to gluten in the bloodstream. But antibodies in the blood will only be found in cases where the gut has become so permeable that gluten can pass through. This is a relatively advanced stage of disease. Blood tests will miss the many milder cases of gluten intolerance that haven't yet progressed to that stage.
Stool analysis is far more sensitive, because it detects antibodies produced in the digestive tract that aren't yet escaping into the bloodstream. Using this method at Entero Lab, Dr. Kenneth Fine, a pioneer in the field, has found that up to 35% of Americans are gluten intolerant.
In addition to the stool analysis, Dr. Fine's lab uses a cheek swab to test for the genes connected with gluten intolerance and celiac disease. People with HLA DQ genes are more likely than the general population to have autoimmune disease, celiac disease and gluten intolerance. Dr. Fine's research shows that more than 80% of Americans have one of these gene types.
When I first read Dr. Fine's research, I was astounded by the implications. It suggests that 1 in 3 Americans are gluten intolerant, and that 8 in 10 are genetically predisposed to gluten intolerance. This is nothing short of a public health catastrophe in a nation where the #1 source of calories is refined flour. But while most are at least aware of the dangers of sugar, trans-fat and other unhealthy foods, fewer than 1 in 8 people with celiac disease are aware of their condition. I would guess that an even lower proportion of people are aware they are gluten intolerant.
One reason gluten intolerance goes undetected in so many cases is that both doctors and patients mistakenly believe it only causes digestive problems. But gluten intolerance can also present with inflammation in the joints, skin, respiratory tract and brain – without any obvious gut symptoms.
As much improved as Dr. Fine's methods are, they aren't perfect. In some patients with autoimmune disease, their immune system is so worn out they can no longer produce many antibodies.
Hashmioto's, the most common autoimmune thyroid condition, is primarily a Th1 dominant condition. I'll explain what this means in further detail in a future article. For now, what you need to understand is that in Th1-dominant conditions, the Th2 system is suppressed. The Th2 system is the part of the immune system responsible for producing antibodies. When the Th2 system is severely depressed, the body's ability to produce antibodies is impaired. The levels may be so low that they won't show up on a test. So, even if you have gluten intolerance, your test for gluten antibodies may be falsely negative if you have Th1-dominant Hashimoto's.
This is why I recommend that you avoid gluten if you have AITD, regardless of whether tests show an active antibody response. This is especially true if you have one of the genes (HLA DQ1,2, or 3) that predisposes you to developing gluten intolerance. In my opinion continuing to eat gluten when you have a confirmed autoimmune condition simply isn't worth risking the immune destruction it could cause.
In fact, the more I learn about gluten and its effects on the body, the more I think we'd all probably be better off not eating it. Mark Sisson has written extensively about the dangers of gluten and gluten-containing grains, so head over there and have a look if this is new to you. The short version: foods that contain gluten (both whole grains and flours) contain substances that inhibit nutrient absorption, damage our intestinal lining, and – as I've described in this article – activate a potentially destructive autoimmune response. What's more, there are no nutrients in gluten-containing foods that you can't get more easily and efficiently from foods that don't contain gluten.
The good news is that if you have AITD and are gluten intolerant removing gluten completely from your diet will dramatically improve your health. It's not easy, but it's worth it.


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Rain Gutter Cleaning in Camuy, PR 00627
Regularly scheduling Rain Gutter Cleaning is the key to making sure your residence or office rain gutter system continues to be intact in Camuy, PR 00627. A great number of home improvement specialists suggest that you clean your seamless gutters at minimum two times each year. If your seamless gutters are clogged with things such as leaves and twigs, rain water will not run off or drain successfully. It is vital to make absolutely sure that the rain is not going to be spilling over the top of your rain gutter and onto your property . With time this can cause problems to the residence's foundation.
RainGutterCleaners.us can help you discover a best strategy in Camuy, PR 00627. Call us today for additional info on how we can help at: 833-448-0583
Examining Your Rain Gutter Avoids Summertime ProblemsThey might quickly discover that inadequately functioning rain seamless gutters can cause many issues, consisting of structure erosion, basement leakages and rotten fascia boards. If gutter assessments aren't your specialty, entire gutter systems can be changed with the modern gutter system. Discover a durable ladder to support you when you've decided to tackle the task of examining your rain gutters. They may be difficult to observe from the ground if you have actually permanently set up rain gutter screens or seamless gutter guards. It's a good idea to inspect each run of seamless gutters from a ladder, to make sure they are tidy and totally free of debris before making any repair work. If your downspouts also have screens at the top, clear them as well, or replace the screens if they're harmed. While inspecting your gutters, you may discover that over time, the spikes that hold the aluminum to the fascia board have loosened. Either drive the loose spikes back into place, or replace them with longer ones for improved support. Downspouts and other fittings can also be retreated by snow and ice and may have to be reattached. Gutter neglect can likewise result in leaks. The majority of leaks take place at a joint and can be fixed with rubber tape or self-adhesive tape. The spots need to be placed a couple of inches on either side of the leak location. These louvers also prevent possibly harmful ice build-up from forming in rain gutters and eventually dripping into your home. "I utilized to have an issue in the winter season with my traditional rain gutters with ice build up over my bow window and then the water backing up and running into the living space," discussed a Warwick, Rhode Island resident. Whether you decide to hold on to your standard seamless gutters, or replace them with a contemporary gutter, the required take care of conventional gutters is something property owners should consider prior to an issue exists. Routine upkeep and preventative measures can protect you house from possible catastrophes that can wind up costing you numerous dollars in the future. Gutter maintenance demonstrates that protecting locations of your home doesn't necessarily start from the ground up. They might soon discover that inadequately operating rain gutters can cause many problems, consisting of foundation disintegration, basement leaks and rotten fascia boards. If seamless gutter examinations aren't your specialty, entire rain gutter systems can be replaced with the contemporary rain gutter system. If you have completely set up seamless gutter screens or seamless gutter guards, they might be hard to observe from the ground. The single greatest issue of homes with no gutters or clogged up seamless gutters is ground erosion. Whether you decide to hang on to your traditional rain gutters, or replace them with a contemporary rain gutter, the needed care for standard rain gutters is something house owners should think about before a problem exists.
To schedule an appointment, contact Rain Gutter Cleaning in Camuy, PR 00627 at 833-448-0583
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Tel: 833-448-0583
Rating: 4.2 stars out of 40 Reviews
Find a rain gutter cleaning specialist for buildings of all types from homes of all sizes to condo complexes, apartment buildings and offices in Camuy, PR 00627


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The American Red Cross is joining the South Jersey Transportation Authoritys Safety Awareness Day program, held the Friday (May 26) of Memorial Day weekend, the traditional beginning of the summer season at the New Jersey Shore. This is a first for the SJTAs annual safety consciousness-raising festival.
The Penn Jersey Region of the American Red Cross will conduct an all-day blood drive for the public and SJTA employees, while the traveling public is both entertained and educated by displays and demonstrations at the Farley Service Plaza. Penn Jersey officials encourage the public to make advance appointments to lessen waiting times. Interested persons can go to the Red Cross website (www.pleasegiveblood.org/ ) and click on the Schedule Your Donation box. Enter the zip code the Farley Service Plaza, 08037.
Another method is to call 1-800-GIVE-LIFE (1-800-448-3543) and make an appointment. That number can be used to confirm or cancel an appointment.
We encourage people to make appointments. It makes giving blood more convenient and makes us much more efficient, said Chris Englerth of the Penn Jersey Region. Is this a good time for a blood donation? Theres always a need for blood, especially during a holiday.
In alliance with NJ DOT, the New Jersey State Police and radio stations WPHT (1210 AM) and WOGL (98.1 FM), the SJTA is holding its annual safety education program at the Farley Service Center on the Expressway Friday May 26 from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. Shorebound motorists will get an underwritten ride from 5 p.m. to 6 p.m. courtesy of the two radio stations. They are paying the tolls for eastbound vehicles during that hour.
Refreshments will be provided by HMS Host, which offers the many food choices at the Farley Plaza. Another sponsor is Sunoco, which operates the gas station at Farley. Throughout the festivities from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. -- WPHT host Susanne LaFranke and WOGLs "Big Ron" OBrien will provide live coverage, while CBS-Channel 3 traffic reporter Bob Kelly also will broadcast from Safety Awareness Day.
At Farley, the State Police will offer parents of young children a safety check of their car seats and installation. The State Police will have a demonstration of boating safety tips, using a vessel from their own marine force. The SJTA will display an EMT vehicle with team members to explain how they save lives and the wisdom of preventing accidents with safety awareness. Also on display will be one of the Authoritys popular Emergency Service Patrol trucks, which assist disabled vehicles on the Atlantic City Expressway free of charge.
A new feature will be the SJTA's newest member of its security force, State Police dog "Ike" and his handler, Trooper Paul Whittaker.


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The Perfect Server - Ubuntu Karmic Koala (Ubuntu 9.10) [ISPConfig 2]
Version 1.0
Author: Falko Timme
Follow me on Twitter
This tutorial shows how to set up an Ubuntu Karmic Koala (Ubuntu 9.10) server that offers all services needed by ISPs and hosters: Apache web server (SSL-capable), Postfix mail server with SMTP-AUTH and TLS, BIND DNS server, Proftpd FTP server, MySQL server, Courier POP3/IMAP, Quota, Firewall, etc. In the end you should have a system that works reliably, and if you like you can install the free webhosting control panel ISPConfig 2 (i.e., ISPConfig runs on it out of the box).
I will use the following software:
- Web Server: Apache 2.2.12 with PHP 5.2.10, Python, Ruby, and WebDAV
- Database Server: MySQL 5.1.37
- Mail Server: Postfix
- DNS Server: BIND9
- FTP Server: proftpd
- POP3/IMAP: I will use Maildir format and therefore install Courier-POP3/Courier-IMAP.
- Webalizer for web site statistics
Please note that this setup does not work for ISPConfig 3! It is valid for ISPConfig 2 only!
I want to say first that this is not the only way of setting up such a system. There are many ways of achieving this goal but this is the way I take. I do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!
1 Requirements
To install such a system you will need the following:
- the Ubuntu 9.10 server CD, available here: http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/9.10/ubuntu-9.10-server-i386.iso (i386) or http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/9.10/ubuntu-9.10-server-amd64.iso (x86_64)
- a fast Internet connection.
2 Preliminary Note
In this tutorial I use the hostname server1.example.com with the IP address 192.168.0.100 and the gateway 192.168.0.1. These settings might differ for you, so you have to replace them where appropriate.
3 The Base System
Insert your Ubuntu install CD into your system and boot from it. Select your language:
Then select Install Ubuntu Server:
Choose your language again (?):
Then select your location:
Choose a keyboard layout (you will be asked to press a few keys, and the installer will try to detect your keyboard layout based on the keys you pressed):
The installer checks the installation CD, your hardware, and configures the network with DHCP if there is a DHCP server in the network:


text: In general, a distinct unit of a hospital that provides acute or long-term care to emotionally disturbed patients, including patients admitted for diagnosis and those admitted for treatment of psychiatric problems on the basis of physicians' orders and approved nursing care plans. Long-term care may include intensive supervision to the chronically mentally ill, mentally disordered or other mentally incompetent persons; (2) For Medicare, a distinct part of a general acute care hospital admitting only patients whose admission to the unit is required for active treatment, whose treatment is of an intensity that can be provided only in an inpatient hospital setting, and whose condition is described by a psychiatric principal diagnosis contained in the Third Edition of the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual or in Chapter 5 (Mental Disorders) of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). The unit must furnish, through the use of qualified personnel, psychological services, social work services, psychiatric nursing, occupational therapy, and recreational therapy. The unit must maintain medical records that permit determination of the degree and intensity of treatment provided to individuals who are furnished services in the unit; the unit must meet special staff requirements in that the unit must have adequate numbers of qualified professional and supportive staff to evaluate inpatients, formulate written, individualized, comprehensive treatment plans, provide active treatment measures and engage in discharge planning.


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Rudolph is a great place to live and work, but that doesn't mean auto insurance rates are always affordable. Fortunately, there are several strategies Rudolph WI drivers can use to get the lowest possible premiums:
By taking advantage of these tips, Rudolph drivers can find affordable auto insurance coverage that meets their needs.
Wisconsin has some unique auto insurance laws that are different from most other U.S. states. Here are five of the most important ones to be aware of if you drive a car in Wisconsin:
By understanding Wisconsin's unique auto insurance laws, you can make sure that you are properly covered in the event of an accident. It is also important to shop around and compare rates when you are looking for Rudolph car insurance coverage, as different companies may offer different discounts or coverage options that could save you money.
Mechanical breakdown insurance (MBI) is a type of coverage that helps you cover the cost of repairs or replacements due to mechanical failure. This can include wear and tear, an accident, or a manufacturer's defect. If you live in Wisconsin and are looking for MBI, check out these seven companies:
It may help your shopping experience to compare the rates of other cities by zip code such as 49233, 67954, 39456, 54475, 96770, 75501, 77861, 99761, 99727, and 28909.
Temporary car insurance in Rudolph is a great way to stay covered when you don't need full-time coverage. Whether you're driving a rental car, borrowing a vehicle from a friend or family member, or taking part in an auto show, temporary car insurance in Rudolph Wisconsin can provide crucial protection during any period of time that you'll be behind the wheel. Here are four primary purposes for getting temporary car insurance:
No matter what your reasons for needing temporary car insurance in Rudolph WI may be, it's important to understand the different types of policies available and find the one that best meets your needs. With the right coverage, you'll be able to drive safely knowing that you're properly protected in any situation.
Wisconsin is an at-fault state when it comes to auto accidents, so if you get into a crash that's judged to be your fault, you're responsible for any damages. This means having a good full coverage auto insurance policy in Rudolph Wisconsin is essential. Here are four reasons why:
Having a full coverage auto insurance policy in Rudolph is an important part of protecting yourself and your assets. Always make sure you are adequately covered when driving so that you can be prepared for the unexpected.
When searching for a used electric vehicle (EV) in Rudolph, you want to be sure that you're getting a reliable car. Unfortunately, there are some models out there that have proven themselves to be unreliable or ineffective when it comes to powering an EV. Here are 10 of the worst used EVs to buy in Rudolph WI:
If you're in the market for a used EV in Wisconsin, it's important to be aware of these models so that you can avoid them and find a reliable option. With the right research, you can find an EV that will last and provide a great driving experience.
Rudolph has so much to offer when it comes to outdoor activities and beautiful scenery. Whether you're headed on a camping trip or just need something reliable for your morning commute, Wisconsin is home to some of the best SUVs in the business. If you've been wanting to lease an SUV that won't break the bank but still offers great features and performance, here are 10 of the best new SUVs available for leasing in Wisconsin:
No matter what kind of SUV you're looking for, Wisconsin has plenty of options to choose from. With these 10 best new SUVs available for leasing in Wisconsin, finding the perfect ride is just a click away!
Rudolph offers a variety of sedans in the 4 door category, ranging from affordable to luxury models. Here are the 10 most popular sedan options for Rudolph WI drivers:
Rudolph is home to many car rental services and apps for locals, visitors, and travelers alike. Whether you're looking for a short-term rental or long-term rental, Wisconsin has the perfect car rental option for you. Here are 5 of the top car rental apps available in Wisconsin:
Wisconsin is a beautiful place with plenty of sights to see and explore. Whether you're looking for a weekend getaway or an extended vacation, Wisconsin has something for everyone. Here are the top 5 Wisconsin road trips that you must take:
Choosing the right insurance provider may seem like a daunting task, especially when you are trying to insure an Uber or Lyft vehicle in Rudolph. However, there are some excellent companies that offer Rudolph Wisconsin drivers the coverage they need. Here's a look at five insurers that provide great coverage for Wisconsin Uber and Lyft drivers:
By doing your research and shopping around for the best coverage at the best price, Rudolph Uber and Lyft drivers can find an insurance policy that meets their specific needs. Whether you decide to go with one of these insurers or another provider, make sure you understand what type of coverage you are getting before buying a policy.
Driving infractions and their associated insurance increases can vary from state to state, making it important to know the specific rules in Wisconsin. Here are the top 10 driving infractions that can result in an increased cost for car insurance:
Rudolph auto insurance rates are typically based on a driver's age. Knowing the average cost of Wisconsin car insurance premiums by age group can help Wisconsin drivers estimate how much they're likely to pay for coverage. Here are five examples of Wisconsin auto insurance quotes by age group:
By understanding Wisconsin's average auto insurance rates by age group, Rudolph drivers can make more informed decisions about purchasing car insurance. Knowing what other Wisconsin drivers pay for coverage can also help Wisconsin providers offer competitive rates to their customers.
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Disclaimer: Please note that the content provided above is for informational purposes only and it does not constitute legal advice. You should always consult with an insurance professional or legal counsel for any questions related to insurance laws.
David Miller is a trusted authority in the world of car insurance and road trips. With over a decade of experience in the insurance industry, David has helped countless individuals and families find the right coverage for their vehicles. His passion for travel and exploration has also led him on numerous road trips across the country. David enjoys sharing his knowledge and expertise through his writing, and is dedicated to providing credible and reliable information to his readers. Whether you're planning a road trip or looking for the best car insurance policy, David's articles will guide you towards making informed decisions that protect you and your loved ones.


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How to Bet on Tennis
Bet on Tennis anytime, anywhere from your desktop, tablet or mobile!
The Basics: The yearly tour calendar
For now I'll focus on men's tennis betting, as women's tennis is an entirely different proposition and has about as much resemblance to the men's game as boxing does to fencing.
The men's tour is split into tiers of events, with the four Grand Slams of the Australian Open,French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open all offering double the ranking points of the second tier of events, the Masters 1,000 series.
Winning a Slam will gain you 2,000 ranking points, while as the name suggests it's 1,000 points for a Masters title of which there are nine, plus the World Tour Finals for the top eight players of the season according to the yearly race.
Below that come the ATP 500 and ATP 250 events around the world and there are also Davis Cup matches, which is the yearly team competition, which also provides ranking points and the top players will also play a number of exhibition events in the year.
The tiers below are the Challenger Tour, which isn't televised, but can be streamed and sometimes attracts top players who for reasons of form or fitness drop down a level and generally face players of much lower ranking.
The format for all of these events apart from the Slams (and Davis Cup) is the best of three sets, with the Slams being the only ones played over five sets these days.
The longer matches I find are more profitable to bet on and this is because you usually get a more accurate reflection of the respective abilities of the two players over longer matches. The three set format more often leads to shock results whereas it's much harder to take three sets from a superior opponent, obviously.
The principal tennis markets are:
Tournament: Outright Winner (and in larger events there are more markets, such as To Reach the Final, Player Progress, Quarter Winners.
Match: Match Odds, Set Betting, Total Games, Set Handicap, Game Handicap, Number of Sets, To win a set? Most Aces and Number of Sets.
Pre-match betting strategies
There are a number of factors to consider before thinking about placing a bet on pre-match odds in the tennis market and the number one thing to consider is value. Are you backing at the right odds? Many is the time when I've thought to myself that a certain player will win and they have gone on to win, but winning isn't everything - it has to be at the right price or as near as.
There are plenty of short prices around in tennis, as it's the ultimate one-on-one contest and layers aren't going to give it away, but blindly backing Rafa Nadal at 1.02 isn't going to yield a profit long-term.
A good example of this is to look at Rafa's losses (there aren't that many) and a pattern appears where he tends to be vulnerable on grass just after his exertions at the French Open. He's also generally vulnerable towards the end of the season at smaller tournaments when bigger ones are around the corner and this applies to most top players.
There are other motivational factors to consider and these range from emotional highs and lows to favourite tournaments and a prime example of the former was Lukas Rosol winning his only tour level title in Bucharest this year right after the death of his father as a 100.00 shot.
There are plenty of examples of events that players particularly enjoy or vice versa, such asBernard Tomic only playing well in Australia or John Isner in America. David Ferrer has special motivation at his own tournament in Valencia and so on.
Also under the banner of motivation comes the 'tank'. This is the bane of many tennis punters' existences and examples are plentiful of a top ranked star arriving at a small tournament for a fat appearance fee and losing early (usually by retirement) at big odds-on.
Experience and a look at players' retirement records helps with this and a fine free resource for this and other stats is the Tennis Match Stat Betfair site, where when you click on an individual player there's a link to 'Player Injuries' which lists all the retirements and withdrawals of the player in question in both ATP and WTA.
Players are obviously fresher earlier in the year and pick up niggling injuries as the tour goes on. Generally speaking if a player has had a long week on tour in reaching the final or coming through qualifying and making a semi final and then they have to travel a fair distance for next week's event there's a good chance they will be under par, but again knowledge of individual players is key here. Some can go for weeks like David Ferrer or latterly Joao Sousa and some fold at the slightest exertion, such as Kei Nishikori.
Another hugely important factor in pre-match considerations are the conditions, with some players out-and-out clay courters and others preferring hard, while some just surface in the grass court swing that others avoid like the plague.
Grass is the obvious example here, with one notable player who could lose to virtually anyone on grass being Nikolay Davydenko and, more surprisingly given the old assumption that it suits big servers, Milos Raonic and John Isner, both of whom are still awful on the green stuff.
Andy Murray is still poor on clay and has only once in his career beaten an opponent ranked in the top-10 at the time of the match on clay and that was nine-ranked Davydenko back in 2009.
Another useful free site for checking stats like that is the excellent Tennis Abstractwhere you can also check head-to-heads and various other stats, such as players facing opponents of a certain height, which can be important with the Isners of this world involved.
Apart from the actual playing surface the speed of the courts varies, although not as much these days as it used to, which is a big bugbear of mine and many others'.
There is 'fast outdoor hard', such as Shanghai in 2013 and 'slow outdoor hard], which is pretty much everywhere else bar Tokyo. Indoor speeds vary too, although most of the quick ones have now disappeared or been made slower.
This is clearly a big factor in outdoor events and wind can play havoc with a dodgy ball toss or a high ball toss and there are good and bad wind players as a result.
A fine example of this, without wishing to detract from his first major win, was Andy Murray's victories over Tomas Berdych and Novak Djokovic in the 2012 US Open, where it was pretty much unplayable conditions and Murray used them to his advantage.
Players with a high ball toss such as Berdych are at a disadvantage, as are players with awful tosses such as Ana Ivanovic and players like Alex Dolgopolov and Albert Montanes who barely throw it up at all should do better.
If it's windy, attacking players are often disadvantaged by having to play within boundaries where they would normally go closer to the lines and Roger Federer is a good example of a player whose game is even better indoors with no wind to consider, although he is also very good in the wind, which is not the norm. Perhaps Petra Kvitova is a better example of the genre.
I would recommend only taking recent head-to-head matches into account, as plenty of things change over the course of a tennis season and I would only value a substantial head-to-head record, such as a minimum of 3-0 or above, as anything less may not be that relevant.
The head-to-head is valuable for assessing how players cope with certain styles of play, so if a player has a bad losing head-to-head record against someone like a John Isner it's worth checking other big servers to see if the pattern continues and that player simply can't handle a big delivery.
Lefties often present a different and tricky challenge for right handers (and some fellow southpaws) and it's worth checking how your prospective wager has fared in the past against such players.
Again, this is a stat that can be found on the Tennis Abstract site and it's worth taking the time to check, as you don't want to be backing a player who gets bamboozled by the differing angles created by a left hander - even if they are a leftie themselves.
Once you've analysed all the information and maybe decided that you'll wait to see how things develop, having not found a favourable price pre-match you'll probably want to go In-Play.
There are a number of situational triggers that could prove to your advantage here and it's handy again to have a good knowledge of the players concerned in terms of looking at how often they save break points, take break points etc and some of this information can be found for free on the official ATP site.
Here you can find all sort of stats about the top players, which will help if you fancy backing your man at 15-40 down for example. You'll get a much better price, but if your guy has a big serve he could be at deuce in moments and you will have made a quick profit.
This is where it's perhaps more profitable to back in-play on the women's tour, as there are so many players who struggle in situations like serving out a set and you can lay them to do so in-play. Most WTA matches have huge swings and both players often trade at very short prices (sub1.10) at some point in the match.
There are plenty of men who choke as well and I'm looking at the likes of Nicolas Almagro here, as well as many others and they are often worth laying at 1.10 to serve out a match as the hapless Nico has proven on numerous occasions.
Injury time-outs and bathroom breaks are often used by players to provide momentum shifts and that's what we're looking for in-play - the shifts in the balance of power in a match. There is also on-court coaching in the WTA non-Slam events, which quite frankly is ludicrous, but often has the opposite of the desired result, which is WTA all over of course.
But it can be a big factor in a match if a player has a lengthy time-out and it's worth keeping an eye on your trading position in such an eventuality.
Break points in a players' previous game also seem to be pertinent, as invariably when a player doesn't break his opponent's serve in a game the disappointment factor leads to that player being broken himself in the very next service game.
My personal favourite way to make money on tennis is the outright and I've been fortunate enough to have had some memorable ones such as the once-in-a-lifetime 680.00 on Marion Bartoli to win the 2013 Wimbledon Singles.
That example was one where it needed the short priced tournament favourite to lose, which was predictable when analysing the draw.
Serena Williams was drawn to face dangerous, grass-loving German Sabine Lisicki and looking ahead in the draw for potential upsets like that can pay big dividends.
Of course luck was required as well when Vika Azarenka withdrew and Maria Sharapova was stunned by Michelle Larcher de Brito, but the key was that I had a portfolio of four players, only one of which was Bartoli, at big prices and the fact that Lisicki was another made it a dream scenario.
Generally speaking, ATP 250 and 500 events can make bigger money because the layers don't know as much about certain lower ranked players and motivation can be questionable of the shorter priced players, so there are big opportunities to be had.
Some notable big-priced outright winners in the 2013 season have been :
Horacio Zeballos in Chile, where he defeated a Nadal just back after injury;
Tommy Robredo in Casablanca;
Rosol in Bucharest;
Albert Montanes in Nice;
Feli Lopez in Eastbourne;
Carlos Berlocq in Bastad;
Fabio Fognini in Stuttgart;
Ivo Karlovic in Bogota;
Marcel Granollers in Kitzbuhel;
Jurgen Melzer in Winston-Salem;
Joao Sousa in Malaysia; and
Grigor Dimitrov in Stockholm.
Several of those were first time winners in small events, so don't count out players with no previous titles and check the head-to-heads for potential key clashes when the draws are made on the Saturday or Sunday before the tournament starts.
Where to Bet on Tennis
The number 1 Bet Exchange
Betfair is a bet exchange. It has changed the world of betting by allowing you to effectively, bet against other punters. This often results in better odds. You can "Back" a bet, just as you would at a bookmaker. You can however, also, "Lay" a bet, which means you bet on something that you think will not happen.


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New York University biologists have identified genes that prevent physical traits from being affected by environmental changes. The research, which studied the genetic makeup of baker's yeast, appears in the latest issue of the Public Library of Science's journal, PloS Biology.
NYU biologists Mark Siegal, an assistant professor, and Sasha Levy, a post-doctoral fellow, who are part of NYU's Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, conducted the study.
The researchers sought to understand how organisms develop and function reliably, despite experiencing a range of environmental conditions and genetic differences caused by mutations.
"Most species maintain abundant genetic variation and experience a wide range of environmental conditions, yet phenotypic-or physical-differences between individuals are usually small," Siegal explained. "This phenomenon, known as phenotypic robustness, presents an apparent contradiction: if biological systems are so resistant to variation, how do they diverge and adapt through evolutionary time?"
To identify genes that buffer environmental and genetic variation, which may influence how novel traits evolve, the researchers examined Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a species of budding yeast. They investigated the molecular mechanisms that underlie its phenotypic robustness and how these mechanisms can be broken to produce differences in physical appearance within the species.
Siegal and Levy sought to identify genes that contribute to phenotypic robustness in yeast by analyzing the differences in their phenotypes in a comprehensive collection of single-gene knockout strains-that is, they removed these genes to determine if the resulting phenotypes were more variable from cell to cell.
They determined that approximately 5 percent of yeast genes, or approximately 300 genes, break phenotypic robustness when knocked out. These genes tend to interact genetically with a large number of other genes, and their products tend to interact physically with a large number of other gene products. When they are absent, the cellular networks built from their interactions are disrupted and physical differences in the species result. In nature, the researchers hypothesized, some individuals might then have physical features that yield an advantage over the others.
"If so, the loss of phenotypic robustness could actually serve an adaptive role during evolution," Siegal explained.
The research was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Career Award, which Siegal received in 2007.


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JOLIET, Ill. — Just when it appeared Kyle Busch couldn't be any stronger in a Nationwide Series race, he broke the record for most laps led on a 1.5-mile track in a Nationwide race in winning the Dollar General 300 race at Chicagoland Speedway on Saturday.
Starting from the pole, Busch went on to lead 195 of the event's 200 laps, eclipsing the record of 194 laps led the late Dale Earnhardt set at Charlotte in 1986.
"It was just a great day with a phenomenal race car," said Busch, who earned his 10th win in 20 Nationwide races this season, tied for second-most wins in a single season on NASCAR'sjunior circuit.
Busch holds the record for most Nationwide wins in a season, 13 in 2010.
Busch jumped out from the opening green flag and never looked back, widening his lead to seven-plus seconds at one point. No other drivers were able to mount a serious threat asBusch excelled in every aspect of the game, earning his fifth perfect driver rating of the season.
It was Busch's 61st career win in 264 career Nationwide Series starts, and his 123rd overall win across all three of NASCAR's top racing series.
Busch also won Friday's Camping World Truck Series race and will go for a second career weekend sweep in Sunday's opener of the 10-race Chase for the Sprint Cup championship.Busch previously won races in all three series on the same weekend at Bristol (Tenn.) in August 2010.
Busch will start Sunday's Geico 400 from the 12th position. He was seventh-fastest in Saturday's morning practice, but dropped to 19th in the final practice later in the afternoon.
"Not as good as I'd like them to be," Busch said when asked about his chances for a sweep. "It's going to be a bit of a challenge. I think we'll be a top-10 car. . We'll just have to push hard and see if we can achieve the trifecta."
Joey Logano was runner-up to Busch Saturday, followed by Sam Hornish Jr., Austin Dillon and Dale Earnhardt Jr. Brian Vickers, Matt Kenseth, Parker Kligerman, Kevin Harvick and Nelson Piquet Jr. rounded out the top 10
"I was hoping for a green-white-checker because that would have been the only way I'd have been able to beat (Busch)," Logano said.
The top four drivers in the Nationwide standings remained in the same position they had coming into the race.
Hornish Jr. leads the standings, now 17 points ahead of Austin Dillon. Regan Smith remained in third (36 points back), followed by Elliott Sadler (44).
"We gained one (point in the standings) and that's what we need to continue to be able to do," Hornish said. "We're doing a good job and at this point of the season, for perhaps the last 15 races, I've tried not to focus on it (the championship) because it's something I can't control.
"I need to focus on myself and making sure we race right around the other people we're trying to beat for the championship and to run smart. It's good forward progress. We just need to take a little bit bigger step the next time."
Each of the remaining drivers in the top 10 all moved up one spot in the season rankings after Saturday's race: Brian Vickers is fifth (56 behind), followed by Brian Scott (72), Trevor Bayne (82), rookie Kyle Larson (110), Parker Kligerman (153) and rookie Alex Bowman (221).
Larson started 39th Saturday but worked his way up as high as third. A tire that began rubbing on the 165th lap caused Larson to spin out and hit the wall 10 laps later, ending his chances of catching Busch. Larson finished 32nd.
NOTES: Kenny Wallace finished 17th in his 900th career start across all three series: Sprint Cup, Nationwide and Camping World. . Eric McClure finished 25th after missing the last four races due to acute renal failure a month ago. . Maryeve Dufault made her second career Nationwide start and first on an oval, finishing 31st.