text:
34 CFR § 106.3 - Remedial and affirmative action and self-evaluation.
(a) Remedial action. If the Assistant Secretary finds that a recipient has discriminated against persons on the basis of sex in an education program or activity under this part, or otherwise violated this part, such recipient must take such remedial action as the Assistant Secretary deems necessary to remedy the violation, consistent with 20 U.S.C. 1682.
(b) Affirmative action. In the absence of a finding of discrimination on the basis of sex in an education program or activity, a recipient may take affirmative action to overcome the effects of conditions which resulted in limited participation therein by persons of a particular sex. Nothing herein shall be interpreted to alter any affirmative action obligations which a recipient may have under Executive Order 11246.
(c) Self-evaluation. Each recipient education institution shall, within one year of the effective date of this part:
(1) Evaluate, in terms of the requirements of this part, its current policies and practices and the effects thereof concerning admission of students, treatment of students, and employment of both academic and non-academic personnel working in connection with the recipient's education program or activity;
(2) Modify any of these policies and practices which do not or may not meet the requirements of this part; and
(3) Take appropriate remedial steps to eliminate the effects of any discrimination which resulted or may have resulted from adherence to these policies and practices.
(d) Availability of self-evaluation and related materials. Recipients shall maintain on file for at least three years following completion of the evaluation required under paragraph (c) of this section, and shall provide to the Assistant Secretary upon request, a description of any modifications made pursuant to paragraph (c)(ii) of this section and of any remedial steps taken pursuant to paragraph (c)(iii) of this section.


text:
Native Plants
Welcome to the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center's collection of 82,857 plant images.
This site is not designed for commercial use
or publication. All images are copyrighted and are the property
of the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center and the photographers. Back to Image Gallery
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Solanum elaeagnifolium
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
Silverleaf Nightshade, Silver-leaf Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Trompillo, Tomato Weed, Bull Nettle
Solanaceae (Potato Family)
USDA Symbol: SOEL
Image InformationPhotographer: Lytle, Melody
County: Travis
State: TX
Accession date: 2003-10-27
Filename: ML504_IMG0082.JPG
Slide Index: slvr lf fruit.jpg
Restrictions: Unrestricted
Collection: Wildflower Center Digital Library
Original Format: Digital
Orientation: Landscape
Shot: Fruit
Date Taken: 2003
NPIN Image Id: 14977
Image VerificationThis image has not been verified. If you can verify this image, please contact the Native Plant Database Manager. Please include the NPIN Image ID in your correspondence.
From the Image Gallery
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Google: Search Google Images for Solanum elaeagnifolium

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Entrepreneurship Professorship Established in Memory of Melvin Lachman
A $500,000 distinguished professorship has been established in entrepreneurship in the UTSA College of Business in memory of Melvin Lachman, a San Antonio businessman and entrepreneur. Lachman, who passed away in 2005, was known not only as a successful businessman, but also as someone who helped others build businesses as well.
"Melvin was a character," said Judy Lachman, his widow. "After the war, he didn't know what he wanted to do, but he wanted to be successful. He never knew a stranger. People would gravitate to him."
A San Antonio native, Lachman was a graduate of Jefferson High School and the University of Texas at Austin. He served in the Army during World War II, and when he returned he began his career as an entrepreneur. He initially invested $3,000 and went into business selling pots and pans. Then, he shifted gears and became one of the largest toy distributors in the Southwest. Selling that business in the 1970s, he entered into a new partnership with San Antonio real estate entrepreneur Quincy Lee.
"The magic to Melvin was that he was totally unorthodox," said Steven Lee, son of Quincy Lee. "When my father first introduced me to Melvin, he was wearing red, yellow and green checkered slacks and an Oak Hills golf cap. Melvin was a natural born salesperson. He taught me all that I know about selling."
"Business is not technical it is personable," said Zach Lee, grandson of Quincy Lee. "The value he added through relationships was something that could not be tracked in a spreadsheet."
William Flannery, chair of the Department of Entrepreneurship and Technology Management, has been named the inaugural holder of the Melvin Lachman Distinguished Professorship in Entrepreneurship. Flannery, who has been a faculty member at UTSA since 1975, is the co-founder of the college's Management of Technology program.
"I am honored to be the inaugural recipient of this professorship," said Flannery. "I plan to utilize these resources to build the college's entrepreneurship program and encourage the development of student entrepreneurs."
Currently more than 100 UTSA students own their own businesses. The department's mission is to plant the seeds of entrepreneurship into the students and provide them with the education, experiences and exposure they need to be successful. The department offers a bachelor's degree in entrepreneurship; MBA concentrations in management of technology and project management; a master's certificate in technology entrepreneurship; and a master's of science degree in the management of technology.
Wendy Frost–
Please send your comments to email@example.com


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Australia's richest person Gina Rinehart has eclipsed Wal-Mart heiress Christy Walton to become the world's wealthiest woman, according to an annual index by Business Review Weekly.
Australia's richest person Gina Rinehart has eclipsed Wal-Mart heiress Christy Walton to become the world's wealthiest woman, according to an annual index by Business Review Weekly.
A preview of the respected BRW Rich 200 list, published Wednesday, put the mining tycoon's personal fortune at Aus$29.17 billion (US$28.48 billion), a figure that sees her outstrip Walton for the first time.
In March, Forbes placed Walton and her family's net worth at US$25.3 billion, while Rinehart's fortune stood at US$18 billion.
BRW rich list editor Andrew Heathcote said mining magnate Rinehart had almost tripled her wealth in 12 months as commodity prices rose and she pulled off two deals in iron ore and coal.
"The Aus$18.87 billion increase in her wealth is unparalleled. It is a product of foreign investment in new projects, increased production and a recovery in the iron ore price over the past six months," said Heathcote.
Rinehart, 58, heiress to an iron ore prospecting empire built in Australia's resources-rich west, is a controversial figure who stridently campaigned against new mining taxes and recently bought up big in the media sector.
She is also locked in a series of lawsuits, including an acrimonious row with her own children over a family trust where she has been accused of threatening to financially ruin them.
Heathcote said Rinehart was on track to overtake Mexican telecommunications tycoon Carlos Slim -- worth US$69 billion -- as the world's richest person as demand ramps up for Australia's natural resources.
"A $100 billion fortune is not out of the question for Rinehart if the resources boom continues unabated," said Heathcote.
"There is a real possibility that Rinehart will become not just the richest woman in the world but the richest person in the world."
The full BRW list of Australia's richest people, the upper rungs of which are usually dominated by mining tycoons, will be unveiled on Thursday.
(Read by Nelly Min. Nelly Min is a journalist at the China Daily Website.)
(中国日报网英语点津 陈丹妮 编辑:Julie)
magnate: (实业界的)巨头
pull off: (成功地)完成
stridently: 尖声地;刺耳地
acrimonious: (言语、态度等)刻薄的;辛辣的;激烈的
out of the question: 不可能的
unabated: 不减弱的


text: Microsoft this week made good on a 2014 promise and withheld security updates from users of older versions of the company's Internet Explorer (IE) browser.All Windows users still running IE7 or IE8, and those running IE9 on any other edition of Windows but Vista, as well as those using IE10 on anything but Windows Server 2012, did not receive the patches Microsoft distributed Tuesday to systems equipped with the newer IE11 or Edge browsers.As is its practice, Microsoft issued a single, cumulative update for IE on Feb. 9. The update, labeled MS16-009, included fixes for 13 vulnerabilities.[ ALSO ON CSO: Microsoft fixes 36 flaws in IE, Edge, Office, Windows, .NET Framework ]While Microsoft did not spell out which fixes were not given to older copies of IE, it isn't difficult to pinpoint those unsent.Of the 13 vulnerabilities patched by MS16-009, nine affected every version of IE that is still supported, including IE9 on Windows Vista and IE10 on Windows Server 2012. Because different versions of Microsoft's browser share large amounts of code -- that was one of the primary reasons the Redmond, Wash. company has dead-ended IE and started over with Edge -- it's almost certain that the nine vulnerabilities also exist in IE7 and IE8, and in IE9 and IE10 on Windows editions ineligible for patching.In other words, more than two-thirds of the vulnerabilities patched by Microsoft on Tuesday probably exist in the retired IE versions.The danger with known, but unpatched vulnerabilities is significant: Cyber criminals regularly parse updates and compare "before" and "after" code to determine what was changed. They then use that information to investigate further in an attempt to reverse-engineer the patch to find the underlying vulnerability. Once the bug has been identified, they craft an exploit to successfully hack unpatched software, knowing that not everyone updates immediately.In this case, the vulnerability found in, say, IE9 on Vista -- which was patched this week -- may give them insight into the location of the bug in the older IE8. From there, they can create an exploit for the unpatched browser.Cyber criminals will have motivation to do this work, at least temporarily, because a large number of IE users worldwide are still running the now-retired versions. According to data from analytics vendor Net Applications, about a third of those running IE last month used a version that has stopped receiving security updates.Microsoft declared the early retirement of IE7 and IE8, and partial retirement of IE9 and IE10, in August 2014, when it told customers they must upgrade to the latest browser available for their OS by Jan. 12, 2016. For most users, the latest version is IE11.


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By Colleen Sell
Easy-peasy projects that make learning about ecology fun for everyone!
The ideal crafts project for kids has four characteristics:
- It is enjoyable and relatively easy to do.
- It can be made with materials you have or can purchase easily and inexpensively.
- It helps your grandchild develop skills and/or acquire knowledge.
- Kids can enjoy and learn from it after it's made.
Here are 5 eco-craft projects that hit all those marks. Plus, making these together will give you an opportunity to talk with your grandkids about Earth's natural wonders and how to protect them.
Ball Catcher
Cut the bottom off a gallon-size plastic jug. Decorate the jug with markers, stickers, or colored masking tape. Make a ball by covering a wad of newspaper with colored masking tape. My 4-year-old twin grandsons and I made two ball-catchers and played catch using a small, lightweight rubber ball that we found in the toy box (more bounce and fun than the homemade ball).
Learn how at Lakeshore Learning.
Pickle Jar Terrarium
Take a big jar with a lid, add some potting soil, a small plant, and a rock, shell, or plastic critter, and voila! You've got a terrarium your grandchild can tend and the two of you can talk about for months.
Learn how at Hellobee.com.
Balloon-Propelled, Milk-Carton Car
Made of drinking straws, a milk carton, bottle caps, masking tape, and a balloon, this car zooms across the table! My grands painted and put stickers on their cars before attaching the wheels and balloon while we talked about recycling and air pressure.
Learn how: click here to watch the balloon-car video.
Download a free balloon-car builder at pbskids.org.
Land Art
Go on a treasure hunt for sticks, leaves, flowers, rocks, berries, pinecones, grass, clumps of clay, bird feathers, and whatever other materials catch your grandkids' and your eyes. Use the materials to create artwork on the lawn, patio, or a "canvas" made of cardboard or a board covered with dried mud.
Learn how at ArtfulKids.com.
Paper-Bead Jewelry
Make beads out of scrap paper + string beads to craft a necklace and/or bracelet = pretty trash-to-treasure project!
Learn how at Green Kid Crafts.
Through October 31, 2013, Green Kid Crafts is offering a special discount to fans of GRAND! Just type in the "coupon" code "GRAND" at checkout to save 10% on any Green Kid Crafts products, including gift subscriptions.
Want more crafting ideas?
Go to Top 10 Crafting Sites for Grandkids!
Colleen Sell is the eco-conscious grandmother of six nature-loving grandchildren. She is also the editor-in-chief of GRAND Magazine.


text:
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text:
Made debut at Pebble Beach Concours D'Elegance
- Track-only design concept weighs 1,200kg (2645.5lbs) and features unique aerodynamic package with a 30 per cent increase in downforce
- More powerful 12C with increased engine performance of up to 630hp
- Debut showing of a 12C racing concept variant designed for the North American market
The 12C Can-Am Edition is finished in striking shade of McLaren Orange, in tribute to cars of Bruce McLaren and Denny Hulme which were extremely successful throughout the 1960s and 1970s. The bold hue is in dramatic contrast to the roof, door and bumper sections, finished in satin black, while carbon fibre also features on the side radiator vanes, wing mirrors and engine cover. The McLaren badges on the front and rear are also finished in carbon fibre. Beneath the surface, the 12C Can-Am Edition shares the same carbon fibre MonoCell chassis as the 12C road car.
Being purely a concept at this stage, and designed as the 'ultimate track car', the 12C Can-Am Edition is not subject to the regular racing regulations, despite being based on the 12C GT3 race car. The revised version of the familiar 3.8-litre twin-turbo V8 engine features a unique engine calibration and optimised cooling system, which allows a power output of up to 630hp, making it the most powerful 12C derivative ever shown. The overall dry weight is just 1,200kg (2645.5lbs).
The unique aerodynamics of the 12C Can-Am Edition, as with the 12C GT3 race car, have been honed by McLaren Racing using Formula 1 technology and simulation to optimise downforce. This unique package offers an increase in downforce of 30 per cent.
The optimised aerodynamic package includes a carbon fibre front splitter, carbon fibre dive planes, and a carbon fibre wing which dominates the rear of the car. The wing is held in place by polished aluminium mounts. An imposing carbon fibre diffuser helps to further maximise the aerodynamic package, fitted beneath the two-tone rear bumper.
The extra power output of the 12C Can-Am Edition is kept in check with a braking system developed by Akebono. The highly efficient braking system sits behind a set of black satin-finished forged lightweight racing alloy wheels, shod with Pirelli racing slick tyres which complete the exterior revisions.
Inside the cockpit, the 12C Can-Am Edition is race ready as well. Two black race seats, complete with full six-point harnesses are mounted within the cabin, while a full race-specification rollcage has also been fitted. The steering wheel is carried over from the 12C GT3, with the shape and grip derived from that of Lewis Hamilton's MP4-24 Formula 1 car, while carbon fibre detailing also continues throughout the cabin, across the dashboard and sill panels. An integrated air conditioning system, mandatory now in a growing number of race series, is also present.
McLaren Press


text:
Tree of Life Earring
✨ 92.5% Sterling Silver Jewellery ✨
COD Available
COD Available
Order freely with Cash on delivery & return within 7 days.
Care information
Care information
Store your jewelry in the original packaging or a soft pouch to avoid scratches.
Avoid contact with water.
Remove jewelry before washing hands, swimming, and/or applying products (e.g. perfume, hairspray, soap, or lotion), as this could harm the metal and reduce the life of the plating, as well as cause discoloration and loss of crystal brilliance.
Avoid hard contact (i.e. knocking against objects) that can scratch or chip the crystal.
Avoid contact with harsh, abrasive materials and glass/window cleaners.
When handling your crystal, it is advisable to wear cotton gloves to avoid leaving fingerprints.
Kicky & Perky X Zoya Afroz
Let customers speak for us
Pink Pig Charm enamel Bracelet
Sacred Blessings Rakhi
Divine Grace Chain Rakhi
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I'm totally obsessed with the mini bird charms necklace, it's very affordable and can be used every day and simple
love their oxidized textured ring with polki, its very sleek and elegant design, and it suits me very well
I would definitely recommend this store to anyone looking for high-quality silver jewelry that feels luxurious and looks amazing. I am definitely going to come back here for future purchases!
their products are versatile and can be worn in many different ways. They are also easy to take care of, as they do not require any special care.
Overall, I am very happy with my purchase from this store. I would highly recommend it to anyone looking for high-quality silver jewellery at an affordable price.
bought silver earrings and rings from your store. I am really impressed with the quality of the products. They feel really solid and look impressive. My husband loved them too! I will definitely be back to buy more in the future.
Earrings and bracelets are very premium in look and quality, and very light wight
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I gifted my wife a silver necklace set from Kicky and Perky and we are both absolutely delighted with it! The necklace is crafted from the highest quality sterling silver and looks absolutely stunning. The intricate detail of the stones and the overall design give it a classic yet modern feel. The necklace is an ideal accessory for any occasion and my wife has already received numerous compliments on it. The necklace also comes with a matching pair of earrings, making the set a complete package. We absolutely love the quality.
Bought hoop earrings and I am absolutely in love with them! they have a lovely silver finish. The size is perfect for my ears and they look great with any outfit. I like that they are simple and classic, without being boring. They are also very affordable, which is great. I highly recommend them to anyone looking for a timeless and stylish accessory.
I am extremely pleased with the quality and look of them. The earrings are a beautiful silver colour with a dangle design. They hang just right on my ears and look very elegant. The price I paid was very affordable The earrings are made of great quality materials and I am sure they will last me a long time. Overall, I am extremely satisfied with my purchase


text:
Conor McPherson's breakthrough 1997 play is such a perfect – and perfectly self-contained – piece of art that perhaps it's no surprise that it's taken 15 years for anyone to attempt a major London revival. Because frankly, what are you going to do with it?
Its rural Irish pub setting, beautifully ramshackle characters and carefully constructed ebb and flow of its dialogue are not up for negotiation, and commercially speaking there's not much chance of topping the original Royal Court production's huge transatlantic success.
Still, it's far too good not to be revived, and I'm very glad Donmar boss Josie Rourke was the one to do it: she's always had a way with an Irish play, and her 250-seat theatre is the perfect venue for this intimate evening of stories in the dark.
Tom Scutt's pub set is immaculately detailed – as near as I could tell you could actually pour yourself a pint (of, er, something) from the working Harp tap. But it's Rourke's cast who conjure up the Irish night so exquisitely: the wonderful Brian Cox leads them as good-natured old grump Jack, with excellent accompaniment from Ardal O'Hanlon's socially inept mechanic Jim, Peter McDonald's level-headed publican Brendan, a brilliantly gauche Risteárd Cooper as local magnate Finbar and Dervla Kirwan as Valerie, a mysterious Dubliner who has just moved into the village.
Individually they're all lonely drifters; together they're a strangely potent little community, as raucously funny pub banter gradually drifts into the elegant recounting of ghost stories that increase in potency with each teller, until Valerie's unexpected contribution stuns them all.
As with much of McPherson's work, magical realism nibbles enticingly at the edges of 'The Weir', but the climax of the evening isn't anything supernatural, but rather Jack's haunting story – beautifully delivered by Cox – of how he came to be alone, a living ghost of sorts.
After the grandiose misfire of McPherson's last play 'The Veil', Rourke's production is a reminder of him at his intimate, storytelling best – it whets the appetite for his new play 'The Night Alive', which follows 'The Weir' into the Donmar next month. Andrzej Lukowski


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ORCHARD PARK, N.Y. (AP) -- Don't bother asking Sean McDermott if he's glanced where the Bills are in the standings after matching their best first-half record in 17 years.
Buffalo's rookie coach shook his head, no, before saying he's far too consumed with preparing to host the NFC South-leading Saints on Sunday. New Orleans has an offense that gave McDermott fits during his previous six years as Carolina's defensive coordinator.
"Drew Brees, Sean Payton," he said, referring to the Saints quarterback and coach, while rolling his eyes. "How's your week look?" in suggesting his is filled.
New Orleans (6-2) has won six straight and features an offense that ranks second in the NFL in yards gained.
Buffalo (5-3) has been one of the league's midseason surprises in overcoming a major offseason overhaul.
The Bills, however, remain a work in progress, particularly on defense, where they feature six new starters from last year and are coming off a sloppy 34-21 loss at the New York Jets on Nov. 2.
McDermott's focus is solely on the Saints, a team he faced twice a season and enjoyed a 7-5 record against while with the division rival Panthers.
The challenge in prepping a non-conference opponent such as Buffalo is getting his players to appreciate how dynamic the Saints are under Brees.
"Seeing it on TV is one thing, seeing it live is another," McDermott said. "One of the hardest parts to get people to understand, especially your first time going against this type of offense, is what it takes to have any type of success against it."
Brees has been efficient in completing nearly 72 percent of his passes with 13 touchdowns with four interceptions, while being sacked a league-low eight times. The Saints also feature a productive duo at running back. Veteran Mark Ingram and rookie Alvin Kamara have combined for 852 yards rushing and seven touchdowns, and another 533 yards receiving and two touchdowns by Kamara.
If it's any consolation to McDermott, Payton joked he was happy to see the Panthers coordinator leave the division upon being hired by the Bills in January.
"Once every four years is better than (facing him) twice every year," Payton said. "He's done a fantastic job as a defensive coordinator, and now you can see his imprint on this team very quickly."
Some things to watch out for Sunday:
PREACHING PATIENCE: Bills linebacker Lorenzo Alexander says the defense can't hit the panic button against the Saints as happened against the Jets. Missed tackles led to Buffalo surrendering a season-high 194 yards rushing against New York.
"Having experienced that, we just want to make sure nobody panics and we don't lose our confidence," Alexander said. "They're a good team, understand that, but let's go back there and hit them in the mouth and get something going for us and not dwell on that last drive."
SHUFFLED LINE: The Saints' offensive line has been in constant flux because of injuries to left tackle Terron Armstead, right tackle Zach Strief, and right guard Larry Warford. Rookie Ryan Ramczyk has had to start at both tackle spots. Andrus Peat has moved back and forth between left guard and left tackle. Senio Kelemete has had to play left and right guard.
Center Max Unger has been the stabilizing force, playing all eight games since having offseason foot surgery.
"We've had a tough run," Unger said. "It is kind of a testament to the depth that we have and the depth we have been able to build here, and have guys come in and play out of position and not really have a drop in production."
BIG BENJAMIN: Receiver Kelvin Benjamin is set to make his Bills debut after being acquired in a trade with Carolina on Oct. 31. He has 17 catches for 192 yards and touchdown in five career games against New Orleans, including two catches for 8 yards in September before leaving with a left knee injury.
At 6-foot-5, Benjamin presents a matchup problem, something quarterback Tyrod Taylor hopes to exploit.
"If you look at the plays he's made over his career, he's definitely made a bunch of contested throws," Taylor said. "Just give him a chance, his ball or nobody's."
TAKEAWAYS: The Bills' 17 takeaways (11 interceptions, six fumbles) rank second in the league, though they turned the ball over a season-high three times against the Jets.
The Saints have 12 takeaways (nine interceptions, three fumbles). New Orleans, however has committed nine turnovers, all coming in its last four games.
MISHANDLED PUNTS: Saints receiver Ted Ginn Jr. has mishandled a couple punts recently, though he was fortunate not to turn any over. Last week, Payton replaced Ginn with receiver Willie Snead, who proceeded to muff a fair catch.
Another switch might be in the works.
"We have to be able to catch that ball 100 percent of the time, and we will find someone that can," Payton said.


text:
News media in big trouble
Shrinking revenue means citizens get less information. That's a national crisis.
By Dan Rather
You don't have to care about media companies or reporters to care about the state of the news, because if it's in trouble - and it surely is - this country is in trouble. That's why I recently called on President Obama to form a commission to address the perilous state of America's news media.
Some might scoff at the notion that a president and a country occupied by two wars and a recession should add the woes of the news media to a crowded plate. But the way the news is delivered, and the quality of the information the public gets about what's going on here and abroad, have and will continue to have a profound effect on these issues and the overall quality of government.
I am not calling for any government bailout for media companies. Nor am I encouraging any government control over them. I want the president to convene a nonpartisan, blue-ribbon commission to assess the state of the news as an institution and an industry, and to make recommendations for improving and stabilizing it.
Why bring the president into it? Because it's the only way I could think of to generate the sort of attention the subject deserves. Academia and think tanks generate study after study, yet their findings don't reach the people who need to be reached.
We need a broad public discussion of the role news is meant to play in our system of government and a better public understanding of the news infrastructure's fragile condition. We need to know how things got this way and what we need to change.
An intense period of corporate consolidation over the past 25 years, aided and abetted by deregulation, has reduced to a mere handful the sources from which most Americans get their news. While independent reporting has been winnowed and homogenized, the organizations responsible for reporting have largely come under corporate mandates to increase profits quarterly - which has meant a reduction in news-gathering personnel, the shuttering of overseas bureaus, and the nearly complete subordination of a public trust to the profit motive.
Moreover, risk-averse corporate values have increasingly filtered down to newsrooms, supplanting news values. The big conglomerates that own most of America's news media may have, at any given moment, multiple regulatory, procurement, and legislative matters before various arms of the federal government. Their interests, therefore, can often run contrary to those of the citizens whom journalism, at its best, is meant to serve. There is little incentive to report without fear or favoritism on the same government one is trying to lobby. Increasingly, the news we get - and the news we don't get - reflect this conflict.
The news infrastructure, weakened from within by this corrosive dynamic, is at risk of toppling altogether because of a separate, though not unrelated, development: the coast-to-coast collapse of the newspaper industry, which has lost the key revenue streams of classified and other advertising to the Internet and other factors.
For radio, television, and, yes, the Internet, newspapers have been and continue to be the foundation of hard news. They provide the reporters who are our primary and often only independent sources in places as close as city zoning hearings and as far away as Indonesia. Anyone who has worked in other media knows that, if newspapers are taken out of the equation, dwindling news resources will be stretched to the breaking point.
You will not turn on your television and hear an anchor admit this. Instead, you will see more opinion, commentary, and marketing masquerading as news. You will get more in-studio shouting matches between partisans, moderated by partisan talking heads.
And so shows that can be produced on the cheap, with little to no real reporting, fan impotent citizen anger at a government whose workings, absent hard-hitting reporting, seem ever more opaque - and at a world that, absent consistent, contextualized coverage, seems to defy comprehension.
We need news that breeds understanding, not contempt; that fosters a healthy skepticism of power, rather than a paralyzing cynicism. We need the basic information that a self-governing people requires. The old news model is crumbling, while the Internet, for all its immense promise, is not yet ready to rise in its place - and won't be until it can provide the nuts-and-bolts reporting that most people so take for granted that it escapes their notice.
This is a crisis that threatens our democratic republic at its core. But you won't hear about it on your evening news unless the message can be delivered in a way that corporate media have little choice but to report - such as, say, the findings of a presidential commission.


text:
Remember the Arab Spring? "Revolution 2.0"? Remember how we imagined, full of triumphal optimism, that social media would become the web that knit the oppressed masses better, would empower them to join together and overthrow their oppressors and stride shoulder-to-shoulder together into a better world?
Yeah, those were the days. But now — "disillusioned" hardly begins to describe it. I write to you from Tunisia, the Arab Spring's poster child, now a secular democracy; but even here, in this lovely country full of hospitable people, whose downtown hipsters and students thronging the Carthage Film Festival could be teleported to Brooklyn or the Mission and not look one whit out of place, today's headlines inform me that the nationwide state of emergency has been extended yet again.
Elsewhere of course the revolutions ended utterly disastrously. Egypt ultimately just replaced an iron-fisted dictatorship with iron-fisted military rule. Syria and Libya descended into blood-drenched civil war. Since then, Brexit and recent Western elections have made a caustic mockery of notion that social media might bring nations together, rather than split them apart. Where is our optimism now?
…Machine learning, is the cautious answer. It lets us address whole new categories of problems that were previously inaccessible. It will drive cars for us, design and construct buildings for us, identify incipient food shortages in the developing world before they happen, pick meaningful patterns out of clouds of data and find solutions in them.
Yes, there's concern that machine learning will be biased when (not if) it learns from biased data. But, contrary to the increasingly popular image of the tech industry as callow blinkered hotheads, I doubt there's a single serious AI researcher on the planet who isn't already very aware of this problem, many-to-most of whom are already pondering ways to make their algorithms equitable, transparent, and accountable.
What concerns me more is that machine learning algorithms will serve business models first and civil society second. (Well, maybe civil society more like fifth, or seventh, or ninth.) The best minds of our generation will no longer be working on ways to make users click on ads; instead, they'll be evolving AI algorithms which optimize for how many users click on ads.
Does sowing discord lead to higher engagement metrics? Then they'll sow away, without worrying about the reaping. That's not what they're built for, after all. And, moreso than noticing and adjusting for bias, it's extremely hard for researchers to even identify, much less measure, the long-term emergent social implications of whatever technical systems they build.
Regulation won't be the answer, unfortunately, because in the same way that generals are always preparing to fight the last war, regulators are always aiming their guns at last year's problem, which will be generations obsolete by the time their prescriptions finally come into force.
Maybe instead of an ever-crescendoing parabolic rise in machine learning we should hope for a kind of punctuated equilibrium, periods of hypergrowth alternating with AI winters, giving us time to reflect and adjust. It seems odd to be musing about the merits of an AI winter when we're just at the beginnings of an AI spring; but when I consider the so-called Arab spring, I cannot help but wonder.
Published at Sun, 12 Nov 2017 17:00:34 +0000


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Create your own top 20 'Bucket List'
Today I thought we could talk about creating your own 'Bucket List'. What is that I hear you ask? It is a list of things to do before you die.
Most of us have still got a few years ahead of us however I thought it would make a good talking point in an English lesson. Of course, there was the 2007 movie called 'The Bucket List' starring Morgan Freeman and Jack Nicholson.
Category: Living / Bucket List / Ideas


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NEW YORK — The moon is not enough for Buzz Aldrin, the second man ever to walk on the lunar surface. If humanity is to truly realize its space travel potential, there is only one place it will find it: Mars.
Aldrin's new book "Mission to Mars: My Vision for Space Exploration" lands in bookstores today (May 7) to chart out a course that could put astronauts on the surface of Mars by 2035. The famed Apollo 11 moonwalker met with SPACE.com this week to discuss his "unified space vision" for Mars exploration.
"The mission really is establishing permanence on another planet in the solar system,"Aldrin told SPACE.com in a video interview Monday (May 6).
Aldrin's plan calls for NASA and the United States to focus technology development efforts for a manned Mars mission while still remaining a global leader in human spaceflight. The plan does not completely forgo a return of astronauts to the moon, but does state that NASA should not send astronauts there. Instead, his plan states, other countries like China, India and Russia can focus on exploration of the lunar surface while NASA fine-tunes the tech needed for Mars trips from stable Lagrange points near the moon. [The Boldest Mars Missions So Far]
Aldrin penned "Mission to Mars" with veteran space reporter Leonard David, a former SPACE.com writer and frequent contributor, to lay out a plan that could carry humanity to the Red Planet on an accessible timescale. The book is Aldrin's fourth, and is published by National Geographic Books.
Under Aldrin's plan, an early expeditionary trip to Mars' largest moon Phobos by 2033 could test the vital habitation modules needed for Red Planet missions, as well as make use of telepresence to remotely control rovers on the planet's surface, Aldrin said.
"It turns out that just a good test of the interplanetary hab module, I think No. 3 or No. 4 … should get on to Mars in preparation for transit to Phobos, as a control center," he added.
Deep-space cruisers, Mars cyclers based on Aldrin's research into cyclic spacecraft trajectories, would serve as the primary ferries to and from the Red Planet under the astronaut's vision.
The ultimate goal, Aldrin said, is a permanent Mars base that would truly make humanity a two-planet species. He said he would love to see a presidential commitment to continuous manned Mars exploration by 2019 — the 50th anniversary of the historic Apollo 11 moon landing by himself and Neil Armstrong.
"Within two decades, to have Americans pioneering the permanence on another planet in this solar system — can you imagine Earth history?" Buzz Aldrin said. "The big movement from Earth to another planet … it's a big deal."
Aldrin isn't alone in his quest to push humanity toward the Red Planet. This week, NASA scientists and researchers from around the world are discussing the major challenges in sending humans to Mars at the Humans 2 Mars Summit in Washington, D.C.
On Monday, NASA chief Charles Bolden told those attending the science conference that sending astronauts to Mars was "man's destiny."
"Interest in sending humans to Mars I think has never been higher," Bolden said.
Meanwhile, at least two private groups — the Inspiration Mars Foundation and Mars One — are working on very different visions to send humans to the Red Planet. Inspiration Mars is an audacious project led by American entrepreneur Dennis Tito, the world's first space tourist, to send two astronauts (preferably a married couple) on a flyby mission around Mars in 2018.
The Mars One project is led by Bas Lansdorp of the Netherlands, and seeks to establish a private Mars colony by 2023. To do that, pioneering astronauts would have to sign on for a one-way trip to the Red Planet.
As of today, about 78,000 people have applied for the Mars One colony project. Lansdorp and his team hope to ultimately receive 500,000 applicants before beginning the long search for the first four-person Mars One crew.
Email Tariq Malik at firstname.lastname@example.com or follow him @tariqjmalik and Google+. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on SPACE.com.


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The usp_Check_Passwords stored procedure is a simple T-SQL password-cracking tool that you can use to check the complexity of the passwords used for SQL Server database logins. This stored procedure requires access to the passwd column of the syslogins system table in the master database. It is unlikely that a hacker will gain access to the syslogins table, but nonetheless it's a useful tool for finding weak passwords.
The stored procedure takes one parameter: the pathname of a text file containing passwords. It uses the BULK INSERT statement executed dynamically to load the password file into SQL Server. Password files can be obtained from a number of places on the web. Alternatively, you can write your own password file. Simply put each password on a separate line and save the password list as a text file. Figure 4 shows an example of a simple password file named Pswfile.txt.
To use this file with usp_Check_Passwords, you'd use the code
USE master GOEXEC usp_check_passwords 'C:\temp\pswfile.txt'
Note that you'd need to customize the password file's path.
The stored procedure uses the undocumented PWDCompare system function to compare each passed-in password against the passwd column in the syslogins table. The procedure will also detect blank passwords and trivial logins (i.e., logins that have the same password as their login name).
I wrote and checked usp_Check_Passwords on SQL Server 2005 Developer Edition SP1. You can download the code for this stored procedure by clicking the 99987.zip hotlink at the top of this page.
—Eli Leiba, senior application DBA, Israel Electric


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What to Know
- Police say Tracy Nigh was sitting with her daughter on a bench inside the Walmart when Hellmuth Kolb approached, asked if she was married.
Police say an 81-year-old attempted to buy an 8-year-old girl from her mother for $200,000 at a Florida Walmart.
Local media reports Port Orange police say Hellmuth Kolb was arrested Saturday and charged with simple battery and false imprisonment. Police say Tracy Nigh was sitting with her daughter on a bench inside the Walmart when Kolb approached, asked if she was married and started bidding on her daughter.
Nigh says she got up to leave but Kolb grabbed her daughter and kissed her wrist. An arrest report says Nigh left with her daughter and alerted store security.
Authorities say the exchange was caught on camera and Kolb was identified through his credit card transaction and social media, where another woman described a similar experience.
It's unclear if Kolb has a lawyer.


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Glenn A. Moots is professor and chair of political science and philosophy at Northwood University in Midland, Mich. He has been published in Perspectives on Political Science, Humanitas, Locke Studies, The Journal of Politics, Hebraic Political Studies, Eighteenth Century Studies, Anglican and Episcopal History, Journal of Markets & Morality, The University Bookman, Choice, Journal of Religious History, American Historical Review, Anamnesisjournal.com and in edited collections. He is author of Politics Reformed: The Anglo-American Legacy of Covenant Theology (University of Missouri Press 2010) and currently working on a broad history of the intersection of religion and politics from Augustine to America. In the academic year 2013-14, he served as a William E. Simon Fellow in Religion and Public Life in the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions in the Department of Politics at Princeton University. He has also held fellowships from the Earhart Foundation, the Huntington Library, the Jack Miller Center for Teaching America's for Teaching America's Founding Principles and History, the Acton Institute, and the Intercollegiate Studies Institute.
He earned his doctorate in political science from Louisiana State University and earned additional graduate degrees in philosophy and financial economics from Louisiana State University and Walsh College. He earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Michigan.


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Whole-Genome Sequencing Plus AI Yields Same-Day Genetic Diagnoses
Posted on by Dr. Francis Collins
Back in April 2003, when the international Human Genome Project successfully completed the first reference sequence of the human DNA blueprint, we were thrilled to have achieved that feat in just 13 years. Sure, the U.S. contribution to that first human reference sequence cost an estimated $400 million, but we knew (or at least we hoped) that the costs would come down quickly, and the speed would accelerate. How far we've come since then! A new study shows that whole genome sequencing—combined with artificial intelligence (AI)—can now be used to diagnose genetic diseases in seriously ill babies in less than 24 hours.
Take a moment to absorb this. I would submit that there is no other technology in the history of planet Earth that has experienced this degree of progress in speed and affordability. And, at the same time, DNA sequence technology has achieved spectacularly high levels of accuracy. The time-honored adage that you can only get two out of three for "faster, better, and cheaper" has been broken—all three have been dramatically enhanced by the advances of the last 16 years.
Rapid diagnosis is critical for infants born with mysterious conditions because it enables them to receive potentially life-saving interventions as soon as possible after birth. In a study in Science Translational Medicine, NIH-funded researchers describe development of a highly automated, genome-sequencing pipeline that's capable of routinely delivering a diagnosis to anxious parents and health-care professionals dramatically earlier than typically has been possible [1].
While the cost of rapid DNA sequencing continues to fall, challenges remain in utilizing this valuable tool to make quick diagnostic decisions. In most clinical settings, the wait for whole-genome sequencing results still runs more than two weeks. Attempts to obtain faster results also have been labor intensive, requiring dedicated teams of experts to sift through the data, one sample at a time.
In the new study, a research team led by Stephen Kingsmore, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, describes a streamlined approach that accelerates every step in the process, making it possible to obtain whole-genome test results in a median time of about 20 hours and with much less manual labor. They propose that the system could deliver answers for 30 patients per week using a single genome sequencing instrument.
Here's how it works: Instead of manually preparing blood samples, his team used special microbeads to isolate DNA much more rapidly with very little labor. The approach reduced the time for sample preparation from 10 hours to less than three. Then, using a state-of-the-art DNA sequencer, they sequence those samples to obtain good quality whole genome data in just 15.5 hours.
The next potentially time-consuming challenge is making sense of all that data. To speed up the analysis, Kingsmore's team took advantage of a machine-learning system called MOON. The automated platform sifts through all the data using artificial intelligence to search for potentially disease-causing variants.
The researchers paired MOON with a clinical language processing system, which allowed them to extract relevant information from the child's electronic health records within seconds. Teaming that patient-specific information with data on more than 13,000 known genetic diseases in the scientific literature, the machine-learning system could pick out a likely disease-causing mutation out of 4.5 million potential variants in an impressive 5 minutes or less!
To put the system to the test, the researchers first evaluated its ability to reach a correct diagnosis in a sample of 101 children with 105 previously diagnosed genetic diseases. In nearly every case, the automated diagnosis matched the opinions reached previously via the more lengthy and laborious manual interpretation of experts.
Next, the researchers tested the automated system in assisting diagnosis of seven seriously ill infants in the intensive care unit, and three previously diagnosed infants. They showed that their automated system could reach a diagnosis in less than 20 hours. That's compared to the fastest manual approach, which typically took about 48 hours. The automated system also required about 90 percent less manpower.
The system nailed a rapid diagnosis for 3 of 7 infants without returning any false-positive results. Those diagnoses were made with an average time savings of more than 22 hours. In each case, the early diagnosis immediately influenced the treatment those children received. That's key given that, for young children suffering from serious and unexplained symptoms such as seizures, metabolic abnormalities, or immunodeficiencies, time is of the essence.
Of course, artificial intelligence may never replace doctors and other healthcare providers. Kingsmore notes that 106 years after the invention of the autopilot, two pilots are still required to fly a commercial aircraft. Likewise, health care decisions based on genome interpretation also will continue to require the expertise of skilled physicians.
Still, such a rapid automated system will prove incredibly useful. For instance, this system can provide immediate provisional diagnosis, allowing the experts to focus their attention on more difficult unsolved cases or other needs. It may also prove useful in re-evaluating the evidence in the many cases in which manual interpretation by experts fails to provide an answer.
The automated system may also be useful for periodically reanalyzing data in the many cases that remain unsolved. Keeping up with such reanalysis is a particular challenge considering that researchers continue to discover hundreds of disease-associated genes and thousands of variants each and every year. The hope is that in the years ahead, the combination of whole genome sequencing, artificial intelligence, and expert care will make all the difference in the lives of many more seriously ill babies and their families.
[1] Diagnosis of genetic diseases in seriously ill children by rapid whole-genome sequencing and automated phenotyping and interpretation. Clark MM, Hildreth A, Batalov S, Ding Y, Chowdhury S, Watkins K, Ellsworth K, Camp B, Kint CI, Yacoubian C, Farnaes L, Bainbridge MN, Beebe C, Braun JJA, Bray M, Carroll J, Cakici JA, Caylor SA, Clarke C, Creed MP, Friedman J, Frith A, Gain R, Gaughran M, George S, Gilmer S, Gleeson J, Gore J, Grunenwald H, Hovey RL, Janes ML, Lin K, McDonagh PD, McBride K, Mulrooney P, Nahas S, Oh D, Oriol A, Puckett L, Rady Z, Reese MG, Ryu J, Salz L, Sanford E, Stewart L, Sweeney N, Tokita M, Van Der Kraan L, White S, Wigby K, Williams B, Wong T, Wright MS, Yamada C, Schols P, Reynders J, Hall K, Dimmock D, Veeraraghavan N, Defay T, Kingsmore SF. Sci Transl Med. 2019 Apr 24;11(489).
DNA Sequencing Fact Sheet (National Human Genome Research Institute/NIH)
Genomics and Medicine (NHGRI/NIH)
Genetic and Rare Disease Information Center (National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences/NIH)
Stephen Kingsmore (Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA)
NIH Support: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Human Genome Research Institute; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
3 Comments
Congratulations to all the incredible, dedicated researchers who have made this leap for mankind possible!
Next step is to estimate the chances that parents dna could lead to these very sick children by having AI research the possible defects and preventing them.
Very nice. Informative.I just read about this too.


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|Bolus is a Scrabble word. Scrabble point value for bolus: 7 points.
|Bolus is a Words with Friends word. Words with Friends point value for bolus: 7 points.
Above are the results of unscrambling bolus. Using the word generator and word unscrambler for the letters B O L U S, we unscrambled the letters to create a list of all the words found in Scrabble, Words with Friends, and Text Twist. We found a total of 17 words by unscrambling the letters in bolus. Click these words to find out how many points they are worth, their definitions, and all the other words that can be made by unscrambling the letters from these words. If one or more words can be unscrambled with all the letters entered plus one new letter, then they will also be displayed.
1. a large pill; used especially in veterinary medicine
|Words that start with bolus
|Words that end with bolus
|Words that contain bolus


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Ex-Soldier Seeking Psych Help Takes Hostages
In a drastic (but effective?) attempt to prove he needed psychiatric help, a former Army soldier took three hostages at a military hospital in Georgia this morning to demand "treatment for behavioral problems."
An Army spokesman told the AP that no one was hurt during the standoff at Fort Stewart's Winn Army Community Hospital. He said the man was carrying four guns when he entered the hospital's third floor around 4 a.m. this morning, but that one of the hostages—a nurse—supposedly helped police talk him into a peaceful surrender.
The suspect's name hasn't been released, but we're hoping that whoever he is, the Army agrees he's made his point.


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ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3)
ncurses - CRT screen handling and optimization package
#include <curses.h>
The ncurses library routines give the user a terminal- independent method of updating character screens with rea- sonable optimization. This implementation is ``new curses'' (ncurses) and is the approved replacement for 4.4BSD classic curses, which has been discontinued. The ncurses routines emulate the curses(3) library of System V Release 4 UNIX, and the XPG4 curses standard (XSI curses) but the ncurses library is freely redistributable in source form. Differences from the SVr4 curses are summarized under the EXTENSIONS and PORTABILITY sections below and described in detail in the respective EXTENSIONS, PORTABILITY and BUGS sections of individual man pages. A program using these routines must be linked with the -lncurses option, or (if it has been generated) with the debugging library -lncurses_g. (Your system integrator may also have installed these libraries under the names -lcurses and -lcurses_g.) The ncurses_g library generates trace logs (in a file called 'trace' in the current directory) that describe curses actions. The ncurses package supports: overall screen, window and pad manipulation; output to windows and pads; reading terminal input; control over terminal and curses input and output options; environment query routines; color manipulation; use of soft label keys; terminfo capabilities; and access to low-level terminal-manipulation routines. To initialize the routines, the routine initscr or newterm must be called before any of the other routines that deal with windows and screens are used. The routine endwin must be called before exiting. To get character-at-a-time input without echoing (most interactive, screen oriented programs want this), the following sequence should be used: initscr(); cbreak(); noecho(); Most programs would additionally use the sequence: nonl(); intrflush(stdscr, FALSE); keypad(stdscr, TRUE); Before a curses program is run, the tab stops of the MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 1 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) terminal should be set and its initialization strings, if defined, must be output. This can be done by executing the tput init command after the shell environment variable TERM has been exported. tset(1) is usually responsible for doing this. [See terminfo(5) for further details.] The ncurses library permits manipulation of data structures, called windows, which can be thought of as two-dimensional arrays of characters representing all or part of a CRT screen. A default window called stdscr, which is the size of the terminal screen, is supplied. Others may be created with newwin. Note that curses does not handle overlapping windows, that's done by the panel(3) library. This means that you can either use stdscr or divide the screen into tiled windows and not using stdscr at all. Mixing the two will result in unpredictable, and undesired, effects. Windows are referred to by variables declared as WINDOW *. These data structures are manipulated with routines described here and elsewhere in the ncurses manual pages. Among which the most basic routines are move and addch. More general versions of these routines are included with names beginning with w, allowing the user to specify a win- dow. The routines not beginning with w affect stdscr.) After using routines to manipulate a window, refresh is called, telling curses to make the user's CRT screen look like stdscr. The characters in a window are actually of type chtype, (character and attribute data) so that other information about the character may also be stored with each character. Special windows called pads may also be manipulated. These are windows which are not constrained to the size of the screen and whose contents need not be completely displayed. See curs_pad(3) for more information. In addition to drawing characters on the screen, video attributes and colors may be supported, causing the charac- ters to show up in such modes as underlined, in reverse video, or in color on terminals that support such display enhancements. Line drawing characters may be specified to be output. On input, curses is also able to translate arrow and function keys that transmit escape sequences into single values. The video attributes, line drawing characters, and input values use names, defined in <curses.h>, such as A_REVERSE, ACS_HLINE, and KEY_LEFT. If the environment variables LINES and COLUMNS are set, or if the program is executing in a window environment, line MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 2 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) and column information in the environment will override information read by terminfo. This would effect a program running in an AT&T 630 layer, for example, where the size of a screen is changeable (see ENVIRONMENT). If the environment variable TERMINFO is defined, any program using curses checks for a local terminal definition before checking in the standard place. For example, if TERM is set to att4424, then the compiled terminal definition is found in /usr/share/terminfo/a/att4424. (The a is copied from the first letter of att4424 to avoid creation of huge directories.) However, if TERMINFO is set to $HOME/myterms, curses first checks $HOME/myterms/a/att4424, and if that fails, it then checks /usr/share/terminfo/a/att4424. This is useful for developing experimental definitions or when write permission in /usr/share/terminfo is not avail- able. The integer variables LINES and COLS are defined in <curses.h> and will be filled in by initscr with the size of the screen. The constants TRUE and FALSE have the values 1 and 0, respectively. The curses routines also define the WINDOW * variable curscr which is used for certain low-level operations like clearing and redrawing a screen containing garbage. The curscr can be used in only a few routines. Routine and Argument Names Many curses routines have two or more versions. The rou- tines prefixed with w require a window argument. The rou- tines prefixed with p require a pad argument. Those without a prefix generally use stdscr. The routines prefixed with mv require a y and x coordinate to move to before performing the appropriate action. The mv routines imply a call to move before the call to the other routine. The coordinate y always refers to the row (of the window), and x always refers to the column. The upper left- hand corner is always (0,0), not (1,1). The routines prefixed with mvw take both a window argument and x and y coordinates. The window argument is always MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 3 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) specified before the coordinates. In each case, win is the window affected, and pad is the pad affected; win and pad are always pointers to type WINDOW. Option setting routines require a Boolean flag bf with the value TRUE or FALSE; bf is always of type bool. The vari- ables ch and attrs below are always of type chtype. The types WINDOW, SCREEN, bool, and chtype are defined in <curses.h>. The type TERMINAL is defined in <term.h>. All other arguments are integers. Routine Name Index The following table lists each curses routine and the name of the manual page on which it is described. Routines flagged with `*' are ncurses-specific, not described by XPG4 or present in SVr4. curses Routine Name Manual Page Name __________________________________________ COLOR_PAIR curs_color(3) PAIR_NUMBER curs_attr(3) _nc_tracebits curs_trace(3)* _traceattr curs_trace(3)* _traceattr2 curs_trace(3)* _tracechar curs_trace(3)* _tracechtype curs_trace(3)* _tracechtype2 curs_trace(3)* _tracedump curs_trace(3)* _tracef curs_trace(3)* _tracemouse curs_trace(3)* add_wch curs_add_wch(3) add_wchnstr curs_add_wchstr(3) add_wchstr curs_add_wchstr(3) addch curs_addch(3) addchnstr curs_addchstr(3) addchstr curs_addchstr(3) addnstr curs_addstr(3) addnwstr curs_addwstr(3) addstr curs_addstr(3) addwstr curs_addwstr(3) assume_default_colors default_colors(3)* attr_get curs_attr(3) attr_off curs_attr(3) attr_on curs_attr(3) attr_set curs_attr(3) attroff curs_attr(3) attron curs_attr(3) attrset curs_attr(3) baudrate curs_termattrs(3) beep curs_beep(3) bkgd curs_bkgd(3) MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 4 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) bkgdset curs_bkgd(3) bkgrnd curs_bkgrnd(3) bkgrndset curs_bkgrnd(3) border curs_border(3) border_set curs_border_set(3) box curs_border(3) box_set curs_border_set(3) can_change_color curs_color(3) cbreak curs_inopts(3) chgat curs_attr(3) clear curs_clear(3) clearok curs_outopts(3) clrtobot curs_clear(3) clrtoeol curs_clear(3) color_content curs_color(3) color_set curs_attr(3) copywin curs_overlay(3) curs_set curs_kernel(3) curses_version curs_extend(3)* def_prog_mode curs_kernel(3) def_shell_mode curs_kernel(3) define_key define_key(3)* del_curterm curs_terminfo(3) delay_output curs_util(3) delch curs_delch(3) deleteln curs_deleteln(3) delscreen curs_initscr(3) delwin curs_window(3) derwin curs_window(3) doupdate curs_refresh(3) dupwin curs_window(3) echo curs_inopts(3) echo_wchar curs_add_wch(3) echochar curs_addch(3) endwin curs_initscr(3) erase curs_clear(3) erasechar curs_termattrs(3) erasewchar curs_termattrs(3) filter curs_util(3) flash curs_beep(3) flushinp curs_util(3) get_wch curs_get_wch(3) get_wstr curs_get_wstr(3) getbegyx curs_getyx(3) getbkgd curs_bkgd(3) getbkgrnd curs_bkgrnd(3) getcchar curs_getcchar(3) getch curs_getch(3) getmaxyx curs_getyx(3) getmouse curs_mouse(3)* getn_wstr curs_get_wstr(3) getnstr curs_getstr(3) MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 5 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) getparyx curs_getyx(3) getstr curs_getstr(3) getsyx curs_kernel(3) getwin curs_util(3) getyx curs_getyx(3) halfdelay curs_inopts(3) has_colors curs_color(3) has_ic curs_termattrs(3) has_il curs_termattrs(3) has_key curs_getch(3)* hline curs_border(3) hline_set curs_border_set(3) idcok curs_outopts(3) idlok curs_outopts(3) immedok curs_outopts(3) in_wch curs_in_wch(3) in_wchnstr curs_in_wchstr(3) in_wchstr curs_in_wchstr(3) inch curs_inch(3) inchnstr curs_inchstr(3) inchstr curs_inchstr(3) init_color curs_color(3) init_pair curs_color(3) initscr curs_initscr(3) innstr curs_instr(3) innwstr curs_inwstr(3) ins_nwstr curs_ins_wstr(3) ins_wch curs_ins_wch(3) ins_wstr curs_ins_wstr(3) insch curs_insch(3) insdelln curs_deleteln(3) insertln curs_deleteln(3) insnstr curs_insstr(3) insstr curs_insstr(3) instr curs_instr(3) intrflush curs_inopts(3) inwstr curs_inwstr(3) is_linetouched curs_touch(3) is_wintouched curs_touch(3) isendwin curs_initscr(3) key_defined key_defined(3)* key_name curs_util(3) keybound keybound(3)* keyname curs_util(3) keyok keyok(3)* keypad curs_inopts(3) killchar curs_termattrs(3) killwchar curs_termattrs(3) leaveok curs_outopts(3) longname curs_termattrs(3) mcprint curs_print(3)* meta curs_inopts(3) MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 6 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) mouse_trafo curs_mouse(3)* mouseinterval curs_mouse(3)* mousemask curs_mouse(3)* move curs_move(3) mvadd_wch curs_add_wch(3) mvadd_wchnstr curs_add_wchstr(3) mvadd_wchstr curs_add_wchstr(3) mvaddch curs_addch(3) mvaddchnstr curs_addchstr(3) mvaddchstr curs_addchstr(3) mvaddnstr curs_addstr(3) mvaddnwstr curs_addwstr(3) mvaddstr curs_addstr(3) mvaddwstr curs_addwstr(3) mvchgat curs_attr(3) mvcur curs_terminfo(3) mvdelch curs_delch(3) mvderwin curs_window(3) mvget_wch curs_get_wch(3) mvget_wstr curs_get_wstr(3) mvgetch curs_getch(3) mvgetn_wstr curs_get_wstr(3) mvgetnstr curs_getstr(3) mvgetstr curs_getstr(3) mvhline curs_border(3) mvhline_set curs_border_set(3) mvin_wch curs_in_wch(3) mvin_wchnstr curs_in_wchstr(3) mvin_wchstr curs_in_wchstr(3) mvinch curs_inch(3) mvinchnstr curs_inchstr(3) mvinchstr curs_inchstr(3) mvinnstr curs_instr(3) mvinnwstr curs_inwstr(3) mvins_nwstr curs_ins_wstr(3) mvins_wch curs_ins_wch(3) mvins_wstr curs_ins_wstr(3) mvinsch curs_insch(3) mvinsnstr curs_insstr(3) mvinsstr curs_insstr(3) mvinstr curs_instr(3) mvinwstr curs_inwstr(3) mvprintw curs_printw(3) mvscanw curs_scanw(3) mvvline curs_border(3) mvvline_set curs_border_set(3) mvwadd_wch curs_add_wch(3) mvwadd_wchnstr curs_add_wchstr(3) mvwadd_wchstr curs_add_wchstr(3) mvwaddch curs_addch(3) mvwaddchnstr curs_addchstr(3) mvwaddchstr curs_addchstr(3) MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 7 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) mvwaddnstr curs_addstr(3) mvwaddnwstr curs_addwstr(3) mvwaddstr curs_addstr(3) mvwaddwstr curs_addwstr(3) mvwchgat curs_attr(3) mvwdelch curs_delch(3) mvwget_wch curs_get_wch(3) mvwget_wstr curs_get_wstr(3) mvwgetch curs_getch(3) mvwgetn_wstr curs_get_wstr(3) mvwgetnstr curs_getstr(3) mvwgetstr curs_getstr(3) mvwhline curs_border(3) mvwhline_set curs_border_set(3) mvwin curs_window(3) mvwin_wch curs_in_wch(3) mvwin_wchnstr curs_in_wchstr(3) mvwin_wchstr curs_in_wchstr(3) mvwinch curs_inch(3) mvwinchnstr curs_inchstr(3) mvwinchstr curs_inchstr(3) mvwinnstr curs_instr(3) mvwinnwstr curs_inwstr(3) mvwins_nwstr curs_ins_wstr(3) mvwins_wch curs_ins_wch(3) mvwins_wstr curs_ins_wstr(3) mvwinsch curs_insch(3) mvwinsnstr curs_insstr(3) mvwinsstr curs_insstr(3) mvwinstr curs_instr(3) mvwinwstr curs_inwstr(3) mvwprintw curs_printw(3) mvwscanw curs_scanw(3) mvwvline curs_border(3) mvwvline_set curs_border_set(3) napms curs_kernel(3) newpad curs_pad(3) newterm curs_initscr(3) newwin curs_window(3) nl curs_outopts(3) nocbreak curs_inopts(3) nodelay curs_inopts(3) noecho curs_inopts(3) nonl curs_outopts(3) noqiflush curs_inopts(3) noraw curs_inopts(3) notimeout curs_inopts(3) overlay curs_overlay(3) overwrite curs_overlay(3) pair_content curs_color(3) pechochar curs_pad(3) pnoutrefresh curs_pad(3) MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 8 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) prefresh curs_pad(3) printw curs_printw(3) putp curs_terminfo(3) putwin curs_util(3) qiflush curs_inopts(3) raw curs_inopts(3) redrawwin curs_refresh(3) refresh curs_refresh(3) reset_prog_mode curs_kernel(3) reset_shell_mode curs_kernel(3) resetty curs_kernel(3) resizeterm resizeterm(3)* restartterm curs_terminfo(3) ripoffline curs_kernel(3) savetty curs_kernel(3) scanw curs_scanw(3) scr_dump curs_scr_dump(3) scr_init curs_scr_dump(3) scr_restore curs_scr_dump(3) scr_set curs_scr_dump(3) scrl curs_scroll(3) scroll curs_scroll(3) scrollok curs_outopts(3) set_curterm curs_terminfo(3) set_term curs_initscr(3) setcchar curs_getcchar(3) setscrreg curs_outopts(3) setsyx curs_kernel(3) setterm curs_terminfo(3) setupterm curs_terminfo(3) slk_attr curs_slk(3)* slk_attr_off curs_slk(3) slk_attr_on curs_slk(3) slk_attr_set curs_slk(3) slk_attroff curs_slk(3) slk_attron curs_slk(3) slk_attrset curs_slk(3) slk_clear curs_slk(3) slk_color curs_slk(3) slk_init curs_slk(3) slk_label curs_slk(3) slk_noutrefresh curs_slk(3) slk_refresh curs_slk(3) slk_restore curs_slk(3) slk_set curs_slk(3) slk_touch curs_slk(3) standend curs_attr(3) standout curs_attr(3) start_color curs_color(3) subpad curs_pad(3) subwin curs_window(3) syncok curs_window(3) MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 9 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) term_attrs curs_termattrs(3) termattrs curs_termattrs(3) termname curs_termattrs(3) tgetent curs_termcap(3) tgetflag curs_termcap(3) tgetnum curs_termcap(3) tgetstr curs_termcap(3) tgoto curs_termcap(3) tigetflag curs_terminfo(3) tigetnum curs_terminfo(3) tigetstr curs_terminfo(3) timeout curs_inopts(3) touchline curs_touch(3) touchwin curs_touch(3) tparm curs_terminfo(3) tputs curs_termcap(3) tputs curs_terminfo(3) trace curs_trace(3)* typeahead curs_inopts(3) unctrl curs_util(3) unget_wch curs_get_wch(3) ungetch curs_getch(3) ungetmouse curs_mouse(3)* untouchwin curs_touch(3) use_default_colors default_colors(3)* use_env curs_util(3) use_extended_names curs_extend(3)* vid_attr curs_terminfo(3) vid_puts curs_terminfo(3) vidattr curs_terminfo(3) vidputs curs_terminfo(3) vline curs_border(3) vline_set curs_border_set(3) vw_printw curs_printw(3) vw_scanw curs_scanw(3) vwprintw curs_printw(3) vwscanw curs_scanw(3) wadd_wch curs_add_wch(3) wadd_wchnstr curs_add_wchstr(3) wadd_wchstr curs_add_wchstr(3) waddch curs_addch(3) waddchnstr curs_addchstr(3) waddchstr curs_addchstr(3) waddnstr curs_addstr(3) waddnwstr curs_addwstr(3) waddstr curs_addstr(3) waddwstr curs_addwstr(3) wattr_get curs_attr(3) wattr_off curs_attr(3) wattr_on curs_attr(3) wattr_set curs_attr(3) wattroff curs_attr(3) MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 10 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) wattron curs_attr(3) wattrset curs_attr(3) wbkgd curs_bkgd(3) wbkgdset curs_bkgd(3) wbkgrnd curs_bkgrnd(3) wbkgrndset curs_bkgrnd(3) wborder curs_border(3) wborder_set curs_border_set(3) wchgat curs_attr(3) wclear curs_clear(3) wclrtobot curs_clear(3) wclrtoeol curs_clear(3) wcolor_set curs_attr(3) wcursyncup curs_window(3) wdelch curs_delch(3) wdeleteln curs_deleteln(3) wecho_wchar curs_add_wch(3) wechochar curs_addch(3) wenclose curs_mouse(3)* werase curs_clear(3) wget_wch curs_get_wch(3) wget_wstr curs_get_wstr(3) wgetbkgrnd curs_bkgrnd(3) wgetch curs_getch(3) wgetn_wstr curs_get_wstr(3) wgetnstr curs_getstr(3) wgetstr curs_getstr(3) whline curs_border(3) whline_set curs_border_set(3) win_wch curs_in_wch(3) win_wchnstr curs_in_wchstr(3) win_wchstr curs_in_wchstr(3) winch curs_inch(3) winchnstr curs_inchstr(3) winchstr curs_inchstr(3) winnstr curs_instr(3) winnwstr curs_inwstr(3) wins_nwstr curs_ins_wstr(3) wins_wch curs_ins_wch(3) wins_wstr curs_ins_wstr(3) winsch curs_insch(3) winsdelln curs_deleteln(3) winsertln curs_deleteln(3) winsnstr curs_insstr(3) winsstr curs_insstr(3) winstr curs_instr(3) winwstr curs_inwstr(3) wmouse_trafo curs_mouse(3)* wmove curs_move(3) wnoutrefresh curs_refresh(3) wprintw curs_printw(3) wredrawln curs_refresh(3) MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 11 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) wrefresh curs_refresh(3) wresize wresize(3)* wscanw curs_scanw(3) wscrl curs_scroll(3) wsetscrreg curs_outopts(3) wstandend curs_attr(3) wstandout curs_attr(3) wsyncdown curs_window(3) wsyncup curs_window(3) wtimeout curs_inopts(3) wtouchln curs_touch(3) wunctrl curs_util(3) wvline curs_border(3) wvline_set curs_border_set(3)
Routines that return an integer return ERR upon failure and an integer value other than ERR upon successful completion, unless otherwise noted in the routine descriptions. All macros return the value of the w version, except setscrreg, wsetscrreg, getyx, getbegyx, and getmaxyx. The return values of setscrreg, wsetscrreg, getyx, getbegyx, and getmaxyx are undefined (i.e., these should not be used as the right-hand side of assignment statements). Routines that return pointers return NULL on error.
The following environment symbols are useful for customizing the runtime behavior of the ncurses library. The most important ones have been already discussed in detail. BAUDRATE The debugging library checks this environment symbol when the application has redirected output to a file. The symbol's numeric value is used for the baudrate. If no value is found, ncurses uses 9600. This allows tes- ters to construct repeatable test-cases that take into account costs that depend on baudrate. CC When set, change occurrences of the command_character (i.e., the cmdch capability) of the loaded terminfo entries to the value of this symbol. Very few terminfo entries provide this feature. COLUMNS Specify the width of the screen in characters. Applica- tions running in a windowing environment usually are able to obtain the width of the window in which they are executing. If neither the COLUMNS value nor the terminal's screen size is available, ncurses uses the MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 12 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) size which may be specified in the terminfo database (i.e., the cols capability). It is important that your application use a correct size for the screen. This is not always possible because your application may be running on a host which does not honor NAWS (Negotiations About Window Size), or because you are temporarily running as another user. However, setting COLUMNS and/or LINES overrides the library's use of the screen size obtained from the operating system. Either COLUMNS or LINES symbols may be specified independently. This is mainly useful to circumvent legacy misfeatures of terminal descriptions, e.g., xterm which commonly specifies a 65 line screen. For best results, lines and cols should not be specified in a terminal description for terminals which are run as emulations. Use the use_env function to disable all use of external environment (including system calls) to determine the screen size. ESCDELAY Specifies the total time, in milliseconds, for which ncurses will await a character sequence, e.g., a func- tion key. The default value, 1000 milliseconds, is enough for most uses. However, it is made a variable to accommodate unusual applications. The most common instance where you may wish to change this value is to work with slow hosts, e.g., running on a network. If the host cannot read characters rapidly enough, it will have the same effect as if the terminal did not send characters rapidly enough. The library will still see a timeout. Note that xterm mouse events are built up from charac- ter sequences received from the xterm. If your applica- tion makes heavy use of multiple-clicking, you may wish to lengthen this default value because the timeout applies to the composed multi-click event as well as the individual clicks. In addition to the environment variable, this implemen- tation provides a global variable with the same name. Portable applications should not rely upon the presence of ESCDELAY in either form, but setting the environment variable rather than the global variable does not create problems when compiling an application. MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 13 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) HOME Tells ncurses where your home directory is. That is where it may read and write auxiliary terminal descrip- tions: $HOME/.termcap $HOME/.terminfo LINES Like COLUMNS, specify the height of the screen in char- acters. See COLUMNS for a detailed description. MOUSE_BUTTONS_123 This applies only to the OS/2 EMX port. It specifies the order of buttons on the mouse. OS/2 numbers a 3- button mouse inconsistently from other platforms: 1 = left 2 = right 3 = middle. This symbol lets you customize the mouse. The symbol must be three numeric digits 1-3 in any order, e.g., 123 or 321. If it is not specified, ncurses uses 132. NCURSES_ASSUMED_COLORS Override the compiled-in assumption that the terminal's default colors are white-on-black (see assume_default_colors(3)). You may set the foreground and background color values with this environment vari- able by proving a 2-element list: foreground,background. For example, to tell ncurses to not assume anything about the colors, set this to "-1,- 1". To make it green-on-black, set it to "2,0". Any positive value from zero to the terminfo max_colors value is allowed. NCURSES_NO_PADDING Most of the terminal descriptions in the terminfo data- base are written for real "hardware" terminals. Many people use terminal emulators which run in a windowing environment and use curses-based applications. Terminal emulators can duplicate all of the important aspects of a hardware terminal, but they do not have the same lim- itations. The chief limitation of a hardware terminal from the standpoint of your application is the manage- ment of dataflow, i.e., timing. Unless a hardware ter- minal is interfaced into a terminal concentrator (which does flow control), it (or your application) must manage dataflow, preventing overruns. The cheapest solution (no hardware cost) is for your program to do this by pausing after operations that the terminal does slowly, such as clearing the display. MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 14 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) As a result, many terminal descriptions (including the vt100) have delay times embedded. You may wish to use these descriptions, but not want to pay the performance penalty. Set the NCURSES_NO_PADDING symbol to disable all but mandatory padding. Mandatory padding is used as a part of special control sequences such as flash. NCURSES_NO_SETBUF Normally ncurses enables buffered output during termi- nal initialization. This is done (as in SVr4 curses) for performance reasons. For testing purposes, both of ncurses and certain applications, this feature is made optional. Setting the NCURSES_NO_SETBUF variable dis- ables output buffering, leaving the output in the ori- ginal (usually line buffered) mode. NCURSES_NO_UTF8_ACS During initialization, the ncurses library checks for special cases where VT100 line-drawing (and the corresponding alternate character set capabilities) described in the terminfo are known to be missing. Specifically, when running in a UTF-8 locale, the Linux console emulator and the GNU screen program ignore these. Ncurses checks the TERM environment variable for these. For other special cases, you should set this environment variable. Doing this tells ncurses to use Unicode values which correspond to the VT100 line- drawing glyphs. That works for the special cases cited, and is likely to work for terminal emulators. When setting this variable, you should set it to a nonzero value. Setting it to zero (or to a nonnumber) disables the special check for Linux and screen. NCURSES_TRACE During initialization, the ncurses debugging library checks the NCURSES_TRACE symbol. If it is defined, to a numeric value, ncurses calls the trace function, using that value as the argument. The argument values, which are defined in curses.h, provide several types of information. When running with traces enabled, your application will write the file trace to the current directory. TERM Denotes your terminal type. Each terminal type is dis- tinct, though many are similar. TERMCAP If the ncurses library has been configured with termcap MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 15 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) support, ncurses will check for a terminal's descrip- tion in termcap form if it is not available in the ter- minfo database. The TERMCAP symbol contains either a terminal descrip- tion (with newlines stripped out), or a file name tel- ling where the information denoted by the TERM symbol exists. In either case, setting it directs ncurses to ignore the usual place for this information, e.g., /etc/termcap. TERMINFO Overrides the directory in which ncurses searches for your terminal description. This is the simplest, but not the only way to change the list of directories. The complete list of directories in order follows: - the last directory to which ncurses wrote, if any, is searched first - the directory specified by the TERMINFO symbol - $HOME/.terminfo - directories listed in the TERMINFO_DIRS symbol - one or more directories whose names are configured and compiled into the ncurses library, e.g., /usr/share/terminfo TERMINFO_DIRS Specifies a list of directories to search for terminal descriptions. The list is separated by colons (i.e., ":") on Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX. All of the termi- nal descriptions are in terminfo form, which makes a subdirectory named for the first letter of the terminal names therein. TERMPATH If TERMCAP does not hold a file name then ncurses checks the TERMPATH symbol. This is a list of filenames separated by spaces or colons (i.e., ":") on Unix, semicolons on OS/2 EMX. If the TERMPATH symbol is not set, ncurses looks in the files /etc/termcap, /usr/share/misc/termcap and $HOME/.termcap, in that order. The library may be configured to disregard the following variables when the current user is the superuser (root), or if the application uses setuid or setgid permissions: $TER- MINFO, $TERMINFO_DIRS, $TERMPATH, as well as $HOME. MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 16 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3)
/usr/share/tabset directory containing initialization files for the ter- minal capability database /usr/share/terminfo terminal capability database
terminfo(5) and related pages whose names begin "curs_" for detailed routine descriptions.
The ncurses library can be compiled with an option (- DUSE_GETCAP) that falls back to the old-style /etc/termcap file if the terminal setup code cannot find a terminfo entry corresponding to TERM. Use of this feature is not recom- mended, as it essentially includes an entire termcap com- piler in the ncurses startup code, at significant cost in core and startup cycles. The ncurses library includes facilities for capturing mouse events on certain terminals (including xterm). See the curs_mouse(3) manual page for details. The ncurses library includes facilities for responding to window resizing events, e.g., when running in an xterm. See the resizeterm(3) and wresize(3) manual pages for details. In addition, the library may be configured with a SIGWINCH handler. The ncurses library extends the fixed set of function key capabilities of terminals by allowing the application designer to define additional key sequences at runtime. See the define_key(3) key_defined(3), and keyok(3) manual pages for details. The ncurses library can exploit the capabilities of termi- nals which implement the ISO-6429 SGR 39 and SGR 49 con- trols, which allow an application to reset the terminal to its original foreground and background colors. From the users' perspective, the application is able to draw colored text on a background whose color is set independently, pro- viding better control over color contrasts. See the default_colors(3) manual page for details. The ncurses library includes a function for directing appli- cation output to a printer attached to the terminal device. See the curs_print(3) manual page for details.
The ncurses library is intended to be BASE-level conformant with the XSI Curses standard. The EXTENDED XSI Curses func- tionality (including color support) is supported. MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 17 ncurses(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual ncurses(3) A small number of local differences (that is, individual differences between the XSI Curses and ncurses calls) are described in PORTABILITY sections of the library man pages. The routine has_key is not part of XPG4, nor is it present in SVr4. See the curs_getch(3) manual page for details. The routine slk_attr is not part of XPG4, nor is it present in SVr4. See the curs_slk(3) manual page for details. The routines getmouse, mousemask, ungetmouse, mouseinterval, and wenclose relating to mouse interfacing are not part of XPG4, nor are they present in SVr4. See the curs_mouse(3) manual page for details. The routine mcprint was not present in any previous curses implementation. See the curs_print(3) manual page for details. The routine wresize is not part of XPG4, nor is it present in SVr4. See the wresize(3) manual page for details. In historic curses versions, delays embedded in the capabil- ities cr, ind, cub1, ff and tab activated corresponding delay bits in the UNIX tty driver. In this implementation, all padding is done by NUL sends. This method is slightly more expensive, but narrows the interface to the UNIX kernel significantly and increases the package's portability correspondingly.
The header file <curses.h> automatically includes the header files <stdio.h> and <unctrl.h>. If standard output from a ncurses program is re-directed to something which is not a tty, screen updates will be directed to standard error. This was an undocumented feature of AT&T System V Release 3 curses.
Zeyd M. Ben-Halim, Eric S. Raymond, Thomas E. Dickey. Based on pcurses by Pavel Curtis. MirBSD #10-current Printed 2022-12-23 18


text:
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text:
The big lake powers over the break wall on a windy day at the North Entry Point of the Portage Canal.
2012 CalendarBreakersFallLandscapesPortage Canal North Entry PointWindy
From Upper Peninsula Landscapes
Fall ColorLandscapes
Fall ColorLandscapesPortage Canal
Fall color along the backroads of Keweenaw county.
2012 CalendarFall ColorLandscapeNeal RiuttaSenior Portrait Shots
Quincy smelter along the Portage Canal on a fall day.
Fall ColorLandscape
Fall color at the Sturgeon River Sloughs near Chassell MI.


text:
Assistant General Counsel, Division of Educational Equity and Research, and Agency Dispute Resolution Specialist
Kathryn A. Ellis is the Assistant General Counsel (AGC) for the Division of Educational Equity and Research (DEER) and the Agency's Dispute Resolution Specialist. She is responsible for managing attorneys who provide legal advice and services to the Secretary and Department offices on civil rights issues, and on programs for special education, vocational rehabilitation services for individuals with disabilities, educational equity, and research. She is also responsible for overseeing the Department's implementation of the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act. Prior to this position, Ms. Ellis was the Deputy AGC for DEER. She also served as the Senior Counsel to the Deputy General Counsel for Program Service, where she assisted the Deputy General Counsel with legal matters that arose with that Deputyship, including providing legal advice for educational equity, and elementary and secondary education programs, and provided legal advice on information quality and international issues as they relate to Department programs and activities. From 1996-2000, Ms. Ellis was the Deputy Assistant General Counsel for the Business & Administrative Law Division, where she provided and supervised the provision of nationwide legal advice and representation on equal employment opportunity, personnel, information law, and other organizational and management issues. She also served as Special Counsel and Executive Assistant to the General Counsel (1993-1996), and as an attorney in DEER, where she provided legal services for several elementary and secondary education programs and represented the agency in administrative and Federal court litigation (1983-1993). Ms. Ellis was a Special Assistant U.S. Attorney in 1987.
Ms. Ellis received her B.A. in Political Science from Tufts University in 1978, and her law degree from Georgetown University Law Center in 1983. She is a member of the District of Columbia, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania Bars, and is active in the District of Columbia Bar and in several voluntary professional and community organizations.


text:
East Tennessee Historical Society
601 South Gay Street
PO Box 1629
Knoxville, TN 37901-1629
East Tennessee Historical Society - Connecting the Region and Its History
The East Tennessee Historical Society is one of the most active private historical organizations in the state. We specialize in finding creative ways to introduce the public to the fascinating world of history.
Lectures, tours, award-winning exhibits, family heritage programs, genealogy classes, and student and teacher education appeal to people of all ages.
Recognizing that East Tennessee's history, heritage, and geography are distinct from the rest of the state, the East Tennessee Historical Society provides services and programs uniquely tailored to the region. ETHS partners with and promotes the history and events of organizations and sites across our 35 counties. We have 45 affiliate chapters across the region.
To preserve, promote, and interpret the history of Tennessee, with a focus on East Tennessee.
The East Tennessee Historical Society and Museum, along with the Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection, the Knox County Archives, and the Tennessee Archive of Moving Image and Sound are headquartered in the beautiful East Tennessee History Center in downtown Knoxville.
The East Tennessee Historical Society was established in 1834 as the East Tennessee Historical and Antiquarian Society. The guiding spirit behind the founding was Dr. J.G.M. Ramsey, son of a pioneer family, the author of one of the state's first histories, and also a founder of the Tennessee Historical Society. Since 1924, ETHS has been an adjunct to and headquartered with the Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection of the Knox County Public Library. The two operate as a private/public partnership to preserve and share the history of East Tennessee.
The East Tennessee Historical Society's Museum of East Tennessee History opened in 1993. The popularity of the museum, a growing artifact collection, and increased research audiences spurred an expansion of the East Tennessee History Center and generated a campaign for a new, first-class Museum of East Tennessee, which opened in 2008.
Museum of East Tennessee History
Natalie L. Haslam Signature Gallery
Voices of the Land: The People of East Tennessee
Through artifacts, images, and technology, the museum tells the story of three centuries of life in our mountain and valley land. The exhibit especially explores the region's strong connections to important national events.
Rogers-Claussen Gallery
Changing exhibitions explore a variety of historical topics.