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Story highlights
ISIS says bombers from Libya and Lebanon
Two attacks kill more than 20
Iraqi Parliament reportedly won't meet until August
Iraq close to finishing investigation into video purportedly of ISIS leader
The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria has claimed responsibility for recent suicide bombings in the capital that killed nearly two dozen people, according to SITE Intelligence, which monitors terrorist groups.
ISIS identified the suicide bombers who struck Baghdad on Sunday and Monday as Libyan and Lebanese, SITE reported, citing a website linked to the terror group.
One of the bombings occurred Sunday in the Washash district of Baghdad, when a suicide bomber struck a coffee shop, killing at least a dozen people, security officials told CNN.
The second occurred Monday in the Kadhimiya neighborhood, security officials told CNN. A suicide car bomb exploded in heavy traffic at a security checkpoint there, killing at least 10 people and wounding 14, security officials told CNN.
The bomb exploded at about 1 p.m. near the checkpoint, which created a sort of bottleneck of traffic. The explosion occurred about 1 kilometer (.6 miles) from the Kadhimiya shrine, which is revered by Shiites.
Parliament session put off
Just hours after the caretaker speaker of Iraq's Parliament called on lawmakers to return Sunday to try to form a new government, state-run Iraqiya TV reported it had been postponed for another month.
"I invite the parliamentary blocs in this period to approve the necessary nominations in order to start the parliamentary session and the formation of the government," Speaker Mehdi al-Hafez said in a written statement provided to CNN.
"The delay in that will put Iraq's security and its move towards democracy at risk. Also it will increase the suffering of the Iraqi people, and it will encroach on the rights of voters."
Citing sources in Parliament, Iraqiya reported that the session was postponed until August 12 because the political parties have been unable to reach a consensus on who to name to top leadership posts. Those include the speaker, the president and the prime minister.
A week ago, Iraq's Parliament postponed its first session, citing a lack of a quorum after 90 of the 328 lawmakers walked out.
Al-Baghdadi investigation to be released
Iraq plans Wednesday to release its findings of its investigation into whether a man featured in a video delivering a sermon in Mosul is notorious ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, military spokesman Qassim Atta told reporters.
Those findings are expected to include details about al-Baghdadi's movement, Atta said.
The video surfaced on social media sites tied to ISIS, the terror group that now calls itself the Islamic State. It shows a man identified as al-Baghdadi conducting Friday prayers at the Great Mosque of al-Nuri.
If it is al-Baghdadi, it would be one of the first known appearances of the elusive extremist militant leader to be captured on video. Very few images have been made public of al-Baghdadi.
His appearance comes days after ISIS declared him as the leader of its new "caliphate," or Islamic state, extending from Aleppo in northeastern Syria to the Diyala province in Iraq.
Taking aim at ISIS: Women train with AK-47s


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First Reading Amos 9:11-15
11 "In that day I will raise up the booth of David that is fallen and repair its breaches, and raise up its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old;
12 that they may possess the remnant of Edom and all the nations who are called by my name," says the LORD who does this.
13 "Behold, the days are coming," says the LORD, "when the plowman shall overtake the reaper and the treader of grapes him who sows the seed; the mountains shall drip sweet wine, and all the hills shall flow with it.
14 I will restore the fortunes of my people Israel, and they shall rebuild the ruined cities and inhabit them; they shall plant vineyards and drink their wine, and they shall make gardens and eat their fruit.
15 I will plant them upon their land, and they shall never again be plucked up out of the land which I have given them," says the LORD your God.
Psalms 85:9-14
8 Let me hear what God the LORD will speak, for he will speak peace to his people, to his saints, to those who turn to him in their hearts.
9 Surely his salvation is at hand for those who fear him, that glory may dwell in our land.
10 Steadfast love and faithfulness will meet; righteousness and peace will kiss each other.
11 Faithfulness will spring up from the ground, and righteousness will look down from the sky.
12 Yea, the LORD will give what is good, and our land will yield its increase.
13 Righteousness will go before him, and make his footsteps a way.
Gospel Reading Matthew 9:14-17
14 Then the disciples of John came to him, saying, "Why do we and the Pharisees fast, but your disciples do not fast?"
15 And Jesus said to them, "Can the wedding guests mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them? The days will come, when the bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will fast.
16 And no one puts a piece of unshrunk cloth on an old garment, for the patch tears away from the garment, and a worse tear is made.
17 Neither is new wine put into old wineskins; if it is, the skins burst, and the wine is spilled, and the skins are destroyed; but new wine is put into fresh wineskins, and so both are preserved."

subset: commoncrawl


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NC School District in Trouble Again With Jesus T-Shirt Controversy
Buncombe County School District in North Carolina is in the spotlight once again after one of their middle schools reportedly asked a wrestling coach not to wear a t-shirt with a religious message.
Upset by the request, the entire North Buncombe Middle School wrestling team and a few parents wore a shirt that said "Got Jesus" on the front with a scriptural reference on the back to a wrestling meet on Wednesday night as a response, ABC News 13 reported.
The wrestlers raised the money themselves to get the shirts made, which they plan to continue wearing to the rest of their remaining meets as well as to school.
Parents stated that the move was not "against something" but rather a movement in support of their religious convictions.
One parents told the station that for far too long, Christians in the area had been quieted, allowing their liberties to be taken away.
"I think it's just time that we let people know our voice and have our voice be heard in the right way, in love, in the spirit of truth," he shared.
The wrestlers revealed that prayer usually followed their practices, with the coach giving players the option to excuse themselves from the activity if they did not feel comfortable. But no one ever excused themselves, they said.
When asked for a statement, Jan Blunt, director of communications at Buncombe County Schools, told The Christian Post that for now, teachers and staff have been requested to wear religion-neutral clothing "when acting in an official capacity at school."
Regarding student dress and religious expression, however, every school designed their own dress code for students, "none of which prohibited individual student's expression of religion."
Blunt stated that students were also allowed by law to pray as individuals so long as they were not led to do so by staff.
The latest controversy is increasing the tension in the county, with a range of other religious activities in the schools being questioned by the community, including the availability of Gideon Bibles on campus.
Recently, Ginger Strivelli, a witchcraft-practicing mother, complained when her son brought home a Bible, which he picked up from a conference room at the North Windy Ridge Intermediate School.
When challenged, the school principal assured Strivelli that other religious texts donated by any group would also be made available as well. But when she showed up at the school with pagan spell books, she was denied.
The incident prompted a review of the "relevant practices and policies" by the Board attorney and Superintendent, Blunt told CP.
"No Bibles were 'distributed' to students," she also clarified. "They were simply available for less than 48 hours, after which the school system began winter break."
Review is currently underway and is expected to wrap up in time for a Board of Education Workshop on Jan. 25. The focus of the workshop will be to develop a 5-year strategic plan for their schools, but will also include a discussion on the topic of religion.
"The Board will not take action on any new or revised policies until they hold their regular meeting on February 2," Blunt noted. "In the meantime, there is a moratorium on accepting any outside donated material in our schools, and we are educating principals and other employees on current laws related to this issue, and requesting their compliance with those laws" including the religion-neutral clothing request.
The Board or the North Buncombe Middle School declined to provide additional details on the t-shirt controversy to The Christian Post, including the identity of the wrestling coach and who had requested he take off his religious apparel.


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/ By Caddie Brain
Dinky, the famous singing dingo from Stuarts Well Roadhouse in the Northern Territory, has retired to Alice Springs.
Dinky has been singing to passing tourists standing on an upright piano for more than 12 years, raising money for charity.
Owner Jim Cotterill has sold the roadhouse, located 90 kilometres south of Alice Springs, to Peter Murphy, the former owner of Spud's Roadhouse in Woomera, South Australia.
Despite the sale, Jim says Dinky hasn't been performing much in the last few years anyway.
"He's suffering a bit of arthritis in the hips.
"Getting up on the piano has been a bit of a struggle.
"And he staggered on the piano a few times and I thought: this has got to stop.
"I pulled him back and said 'no, it's okay, you can retire, you've done well'.
"You've become a wonderful ambassador for tourism and equally a good ambassador for dingoes."
Jim Cotterill and his wife Mardi owned the Stuarts Well Roadhouse for 22 years, although Jim admits they never intended to stay that long.
"It was sort of a mistake really.
"It was supposed to be five years, we'd build it up, sell it and move into town. 22 years later!
"But it wasn't easy to sell.
"I'll probably miss talking to the tourists, giving them the history.
"That's always been the focal point of my life."
New owners Peter 'Spud' Murphy and his wife Judith are currently converting the roadhouse into a truck stop.
"The plan is to build the place up and provide a 24 hour service to truck drivers and tourists," Peter said.
"At the moment, truck drivers find it very difficult to stop in Alice Springs.
"They stop at their depots, but the services that the truck driver requires are non-existent.
"The truck drivers are stopping at Aileron Station [north of Alice Springs] instead."
Peter Murphy says they will soon lodge an application with the NT Department of Transport to widen the road and reduce speed limits to 80 kilometres per hour near the roadhouse.


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Rights are entitlements or permissions, usually of a legal or moral nature. Rights are of vital importance in the fields of law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology.
- Rights presuppose duties, if they are not to become mere license.
- Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate (29 June 2009), Chapter 43.
- Rights can be spoken of only on the condition that a person is thought as a person, that is, as an individual, or, in other words, as occupying a relation to other individuals, between whom and him a community, though not actually posited, perhaps, is at least fictitiously assumed. For those things which, through speculative philosophy, we discovered to be conditions of personality, become rights only if other persons are added in thought, who dare not violate those conditions. Free beings can not, however, be thought as coexisting at all, unless their rights reciprocally limit each other, that is, unless the sphere of their original rights changes into the sphere of rights in a commonwealth. It would seem, therefore, impossible to reflect upon rights as original rights, that is, without regard to their necessary limitations through the rights of others. …. There is no status of original rights for Man. Man attains rights only in a community with others as indeed he only becomes man — whereof we have shown the grounds heretofore — through intercourse with others. Man, indeed, can not be thought as one individual. Original Rights are, therefore, a pure fiction, but a fiction necessary for the purpose of Science.
- The Science of Rights 1796 by, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, 1762-1814; Kroeger, Adolph Ernest, 1837-1882, tr Publication date 1889 P. 159-160
- If inequalities stare us in the face the essential equality too is not to be missed. Every man has an equal right to the necessaries of life even as birds and beasts have. And since every right carries with it a corresponding duty and the corresponding remedy for resisting any attack upon it, it is merely a matter of finding out the corresponding duties and remedies to vindicate the elementary fundamental equality.
- Mohandas Gandhi, "Questions and Answers", Young India magazine, 26th March 1931. Quoted in Gandhi: The Essential Writings. Judith M. Brown, Oxford University Press, 1998 (pp 97-98).
- If instead of insisting on rights everyone does his duty, there will immediately be the rule of order established among mankind. There is no such thing as the divine right of kings to rule and the humble duty of the ryots to pay respectful obedience.
- Mohandas Gandhi, "Rights or Duties?", Harijan Magazine, 6 July 1947. Quoted in Mahatma Gandhi : The Essential Writings, edited by Judith M. Brown. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2008. (p.91)
- Away with private wrongs! We'll not go forth
To fight for these — but for the rights of men.
- Sarah Josepha Hale, reported in Josiah Hotchkiss Gilbert, Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895), p. 524.
- Civilization no longer represents the conscience of the individuals who must find therein their work. The facts and forces which now organize industry and so-called justice, violate the best instincts of mankind. ... Without regard to his conscience, the economic system involves a man in the guilt of the moral and physical death of his brothers: their blood cries to him from the adulterated and monopolized foods he eats; from the sweat-shop clothes he wears; from his educational advantages, his special privileges, his social opportunities. ... Civilization denies to man that highest of all rights — the right to live a guiltless life, the right to do right.
- George D. Herron, Between Caesar and Jesus (1899), p. 20
- Nothing can be permitted to the few ; rights and advantages were sent for all ...
- Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Ethel Churchill (or The Two Brides) (1838), Vol. II, Chapter 31
- Qui jure suo utitur neminem tedit.
- Translated: He who exercises his own right injures no one.
- Legal maxim, reported in Henry Louis Mencken, A new dictionary of quotations on historical principles from ancient and modern sources (1946), p. 1044.
- Rights are lost by disuse.
- Legal maxim, reported in Henry Louis Mencken, A new dictionary of quotations on historical principles from ancient and modern sources (1946), p. 1044.
- One of the grandest things in having rights is that, being your rights, you may give them up.
- George MacDonald, reported in Josiah Hotchkiss Gilbert, Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895), p. 524.
- As a man is said to have a right to his property, he may be equally said to have a property in his rights.
- James Madison, "Property"
- No right is unlimited and immune from reasonable regulation.
- New York Times, (4th Dec 2015), p. Front page Editorial.
- The law helps the vigilant, before those who sleep on their rights.
- Legal maxim, reported in Oscar B. Parkinson, Outlines of Commercial Law: A Text Book for Schools and Colleges (1912), p. 234. Sometimes reported as "equity" rather than "the law".
To name a thing is easy: the difficulty is to discern it before its appearance. In giving expression to the last stage of an idea, — an idea which permeates all minds, which to-morrow will be proclaimed by another if I fail to announce it to-day, — I can claim no merit save that of priority of utterance. Do we eulogize the man who first perceives the dawn?
Yes: all men believe and repeat that equality of conditions is identical with equality of rights; that property and robbery are synonymous terms; that every social advantage accorded, or rather usurped, in the name of superior talent or service, is iniquity and extortion. All men in their hearts, I say, bear witness to these truths; they need only to be made to understand it.
- Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, What is Property? (1840), Ch. I: "Method Pursued in this Work. The Idea of a Revolution".
- Rights are grand things, divine things, in this world of God; but the way in which we expound those rights, alas! seems to me to be the very incarnation of selfishness. I see nothing very noble in a man who is forever going about calling for his own rights. Alas! alas! for the man who feels nothing more grand in this wondrous, divine world than his own rights!
- Frederick William Robertson, reported in Josiah Hotchkiss Gilbert, Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895), p. 524.
- Rights may be universal, but their enforcement must be local.
- All existing right is - foreign law; someone makes me out to be in the right, "does right by me". But should I therefore be in the right if all the world made me out so? And yet what else is the right that I obtain in the State, in society, but a right of those foreign to me? …If you let yourself be made out in the right by another, you must no less let yourself be made out in the wrong by him; if justification and reward come to you from him, expect also his arraignment and punishment. Alongside right goes wrong, alongside legality crime.
- Max Stirner, from The Ego and His Own (1845).
- A right should not be absolute for the same reason that a power should not be absolute.
- R. H. Tawney, The Acquisitive Society (1920), p. 50
- If you say to someone who has ears to hear: "What you are doing to me is not just," you may touch and awaken at its source the spirit of attention and love. But it is not the same with words like, "I have the right..." or "you have no right to..." They evoke a latent war and awaken the spirit of contention.
- Simone Weil, Human Personality (1943), p. 63.
- Those closest, and so most accountable, to the people are best positioned to protect their rights.
- Huma Yusuf, Missing rights (4 May, 2020), Dawn
Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922)=[edit]
- Quotes reported in Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922), p. 674-75.
- Among the natural rights of the colonists are these: First a right to life, secondly to liberty, thirdly to property; together with the right to defend them in the best manner they can.
- Samuel Adams, Statement of the Rights of the Colonists, etc. (1772).
- Right as a trivet.
- R. H. Barham, The Ingoldsby Legends, Auto-da-fé.
- They made and recorded a sort of institute and digest of anarchy, called the rights of man.
- Edmund Burke, On the Army Estimates, Volume III, p. 221.
- Sir, I would rather be right than be President.
- Henry Clay, speech (1850), referring to the compromise measure.
- He will hew to the line of right, let the chips fly where they may.
- Roscoe Conkling, speech at the National Convention, Chicago, 1880, when General Grant was nominated for a third term.
- But 'twas a maxim he had often tried,
That right was right, and there he would abide.
- George Crabbe, Tales, Tale XV, The Squire and the Priest.
- Be sure you are right, then go ahead.
- David Crockett, Motto, in the War of 1812.
- The rule of the road is a parodox quite,
If you drive with a whip or a thong;
If you go to the left you are sure to be right,
If you go to the right you are wrong.
- Henry Erskine, Rule of the Road.
- For right is right, since God is God,
And right the day must win;
To doubt would be disloyalty,
To falter would be sin.
- F. W. Faber, The Right Must Win, Stanza 18.
- Wherever there is a human being, I see God-given rights inherent in that being, whatever may be the sex or complexion.
- William Lloyd Garrison, In his Life, Volume III, p. 390.
- The equal right of all men to the use of land is as clear as their equal right to breathe the air—it is a right proclaimed by the fact of their existence. For we cannot suppose that some men have a right to be in this world, and others no right.
- Henry George, Progress and Poverty, Book VII, Chapter I.
- And wanting the right rule they take chalke for cheese, as the saying is.
- Nicholas Grimald, preface to his translation of Marcus Tullius Cicero. Three Bookes of Duties to Marcus his Sonne. Same expression in Gower, Confessio Amantis.
- For the ultimate notion of right is that which tends to the universal good; and when one's acting in a certain manner has this tendency he has a right thus to act.
- Francis Hutcheson, A System of Moral Philosophy, The General Notions of Rights and Laws Explained, Book II, Chapter III.
- May it be to the world, what I believe it will be. To some parts sooner, to others later, but finally to all, the signal of arousing men to burst the chains under which monkish ignorance and superstition had persuaded them to bind themselves, and to assume the blessing and security of self-government. That form which we have substituted, restores the free right to the unbounded exercise of reason and freedom of opinion. All eyes are opened, or opening, to the rights of man. The general spread of the light of science has already laid open to every view the palpable truth that the mass of mankind has not been born with saddles on their backs, nor a favored few booted and spurred, ready to ride them legitimately by the grace of God. These are grounds of hope for others. For ourselves, let the annual return of this day forever refresh our recollections of these rights. and an undiminished devotion to them.
- Thomas Jefferson, letter to Robert Weightman (24 June 1826)
- We hold these truths to be self-evident,—that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
- Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence of the United States of America.
- Let us have faith that Right makes Might, and in that faith let us to the end dare to do our duty as we understand it.
- Abraham Lincoln, address in New York City (Feb. 21, 1859). See Henry J. Raymond's Life and Public Services of Lincoln, Chapter III.
- With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right.
- Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address (March 4, 1865).
- Mensuraque juris
Vis erat.
- Might was the measure of right.
- Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, Pharsalia, I. 175. Found in Thucydides, IV. 86. Plautus—Truncul, IV. 3. 30. Lucan. I. 175. Seneca the Younger, Hercules Furens. 291. Schiller, Wallenstein's Camp, VI. 144.
- All men are born free and equal, and have certain natural, essential, and unalienable rights.
- Constitution of Massachusetts.
- Every man has by the law of nature a right to such a waste portion of the earth as is necessary for his subsistence.
- Thomas More, Utopia, Book II.
- The practice of democracy has the notorious tendency to become paradoxical. [...] Democracy inspires ideas of rights but allows the taming of rights for purposes of order.
- Reparation for our rights at home, and security against the like future violations.
- William Pitt (Earl of Chatham), letter to the Earl of Shelburne (Sept. 29, 1770).
- All Nature is but art unknown to thee;
All chance direction, which thou canst not see;
All discord, harmony not understood;
All partial evil, universal good;
And spite of pride, in erring reason's spite,
One truth is clear, Whatever is is right.
- Alexander Pope, An Essay on Man (1733-34), Epistle I, line 289.
- No question is ever settled
Until it is settled right.
The Dictionary of Legal Quotations (1904)[edit]
- Quotes reported in James William Norton-Kyshe, The Dictionary of Legal Quotations (1904), p. 221.
- Old rights must remain: it would be very unreasonable if it should be otherwise.
- Joseph Yates, J., Mayor, &c. of Colchester v. Seaber (1765), 3 Burr. Part IV. 1872.
- A pretensed right is no right at all.
- Powell, J., Reg. v. Mackarty (1705), 2 Raym. 1183.
- It shall not be in the power of any man, by his election, to vary the rights of two other contending parties.
- Lord Mansfield, Drinkwater v. Goodwin (1775), Cowp. 251.
- By the laws of England, there can be no special right, no particular interest or privilege whatever, of perpetual duration, but such as have respect to some kind of inheritance.
- Joseph Yates, J., dissenting in Millar v. Taylor (1769), 4 Burr. Part IV., 2385.
See also[edit]
- Animal rights
- Civil rights
- Human rights
- Natural rights
- United States Bill of Rights
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights


text:
The Fon network in Romania is formed by Telekom Romania Fon WiFi hotspots, to which Sharing members can connect for free.
You are considered a Sharing member when:
you are a Telekom Romania subscriber with the Fon service enabled on your router (check credentials here)
you are a Fon ISP partner member with the Fon service enabled on your ISP router (check credentials here)
you have an active Fonera (your credentials correspond to the email address and password used during the registration of your Fonera)
Sharing members can get access using two different ways:
seemlessly using a co-branded connecion manager app (only available for our partners customers in Portugal, Greece and Poland)
seemlessly using the Fon WiFi app (only available for active residential Fonera owners)
manually through a hotspot login page (following the below steps)
To get access to our network manually:
- Look to see if a WiFi signal "Telekom Fon" is in range of your device and if so, connect to it.
- Open your web browser and wait for the Telekom Romania Fon login page to load. If it doesn't, type any web address, i.e. "www.bbc.com" into your browser's address bar.
- Select the radio buttoncorresponding to your sharing member profile:
- "Telekom Romania" for Telekom Romania subscribers
- "Pass & Fon users" for residential Fonera owners
- "Other users" for subscribers of ISP partners to Fon
- Log in with your username and password.
Once logged in, your session will start.
Notes: if you have difficulties completing this process, please click here to go to the troubleshooting instructions.
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text:
|Cause of death (stomach cancer)
Role Film actor
Name John Wayne
|Home town Glendale, California
Education Glendale High School
Height 1.93 m
|Full Name Marion Robert Morrison
Born May 26, 1907 (1907-05-26) Winterset, Iowa, U.S.
Other names Marion Mitchell MorrisonMarion Michael MorrisonDuke MorrisonThe Duke
Alma mater University of Southern California
Occupation Actor, director, producer
Children Patrick Wayne, Ethan Wayne, Michael Wayne
Movies The Searchers, Stagecoach, True Grit, The Cowboys, Rio Bravo
Similar People Patrick Wayne, Maureen O'Hara, John Ford, Dean Martin, Ethan Wayne
Died June 11, 1979 (aged 72) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
John Wayne Wins Best Actor: 1970 Oscars
Marion Mitchell Morrison (born Marion Robert Morrison; May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979), known professionally as John Wayne and nicknamed Duke, was an American actor and filmmaker. An Academy Award-winner for True Grit (1969), Wayne was among the top box office draws for three decades.
- John Wayne Wins Best Actor 1970 Oscars
- Life of john wayne an american icon
- Early life
- Early career and breakthrough
- Commercial success
- Later career
- Radio work
- Personal life
- Political views
- Death
- Awards celebrations and landmarks
- Cultural image as an American icon
- John Wayne Cancer Foundation
- Legal problems with Duke University
- Filmography
- Missed roles
- Academy Awards
- Best Actor
- Golden Globe
- Brass Balls Award
- References
Born in Winterset, Iowa, Wayne grew up in Southern California. He was president of Glendale High class of 1925. He found work at local film studios when he lost his football scholarship to the University of Southern California as a result of a bodysurfing accident. Initially working for the Fox Film Corporation, he appeared mostly in small bit parts. His first leading role came in Raoul Walsh's The Big Trail (1930), which led to leading roles in numerous B movies throughout the 1930s, many of them in the Western genre.
Wayne's career took off in 1939, with John Ford's Stagecoach making him an instant star. He went on to star in 142 pictures. Biographer Ronald Davis said, "John Wayne personified for millions the nation's frontier heritage. Eighty-three of his movies were Westerns, and in them he played cowboys, cavalrymen, and unconquerable loners extracted from the Republic's central creation myth."
Wayne's other well-known Western roles include a cattleman driving his herd north on the Chisholm Trail in Red River (1948), a Civil War veteran whose young niece is abducted by a tribe of Comanches in The Searchers (1956), and a troubled rancher competing with a lawyer for a woman's hand in marriage in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962). He is also remembered for his roles in The Quiet Man (1952), Rio Bravo (1959), and The Longest Day (1962). In his final screen performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in The Shootist (1976). He appeared with many important Hollywood stars of his era, and his last public appearance was at the Academy Awards ceremony on April 9, 1979.
Life of john wayne an american icon
Early life
Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26, 1907 at 224 South Second Street in Winterset, Iowa. The local paper, Winterset Madisonian, reported on page 4 of the edition of May 30, 1907 that Wayne weighed 13 pounds at birth. His middle name was soon changed from Robert to Mitchell when his parents decided to name their next son Robert. Wayne's father, Clyde Leonard Morrison (1884–1937), was the son of American Civil War veteran Marion Mitchell Morrison (1845–1915). Wayne's mother, the former Mary "Molly" Alberta Brown (1885–1970), was from Lancaster County, Nebraska. Wayne's ancestry included Scottish, Irish, Scots-Irish, and English. He was raised Presbyterian.
Wayne's family moved to Palmdale, California, and then in 1916 to Glendale, California, where his father worked as a pharmacist. A local fireman at the station on his route to school in Glendale started calling him "Little Duke" because he never went anywhere without his huge Airedale Terrier, Duke. He preferred "Duke" to "Marion", and the nickname stuck. Wayne attended Wilson Middle School in Glendale. As a teen, he worked in an ice cream shop for a man who shod horses for Hollywood studios. He was also active as a member of the Order of DeMolay, a youth organization of the Freemasons. He played football for the 1924 league champion Glendale High School team.
Wayne applied to the U.S. Naval Academy, but he was not accepted. He instead attended the University of Southern California (USC), majoring in pre-law. He was a member of the Trojan Knights and Sigma Chi fraternities. Wayne also played on the USC football team under coach Howard Jones. A broken collarbone injury curtailed his athletic career; Wayne later noted that he was too terrified of Jones' reaction to reveal the actual cause of his injury, a bodysurfing accident. He lost his athletic scholarship, and without funds, had to leave the university.
As a favor to USC football coach Howard Jones, who had given silent western film star Tom Mix tickets to USC games, director John Ford and Mix hired Wayne as a prop boy and extra. Wayne later credited his walk, talk, and persona to his acquaintance with Wyatt Earp, who was good friends with Tom Mix. Wayne soon moved to bit parts, establishing a longtime friendship with the director who provided most of those roles, John Ford. Early in this period, he had a minor, uncredited role as a guard in the 1926 film Bardelys the Magnificent. Wayne also appeared with his USC teammates playing football in Brown of Harvard (1926), The Dropkick (1927), and Salute (1929) and Columbia's Maker of Men (filmed in 1930, released in 1931).
Early career and breakthrough
While working for Fox Film Corporation in bit roles, Wayne was given on-screen credit as "Duke Morrison" only once, in Words and Music (1929). Director Raoul Walsh saw him moving studio furniture while working as a prop boy and cast him in his first starring role in The Big Trail (1930). For his screen name, Walsh suggested "Anthony Wayne", after Revolutionary War general "Mad" Anthony Wayne. Fox Studios chief Winfield Sheehan rejected it as sounding "too Italian". Walsh then suggested "John Wayne". Sheehan agreed, and the name was set. Wayne was not even present for the discussion. His pay was raised to $105 a week.
The Big Trail was to be the first big-budget outdoor spectacle of the sound era, made at a then-staggering cost of over $2 million, using hundreds of extras and wide vistas of the American southwest, still largely unpopulated at the time. To take advantage of the breathtaking scenery, it was filmed in two versions, a standard 35-mm version and another in the new 70 mm Grandeur film process, using an innovative camera and lenses. Many in the audience who saw it in Grandeur stood and cheered. However, only a handful of theaters were equipped to show the film in its widescreen process, and the effort was largely wasted. Despite being highly regarded by modern critics, the film was considered a huge box office flop at the time.
After the commercial failure of The Big Trail, Wayne was relegated to small roles in A-pictures, including Columbia Pictures's The Deceiver (1931), in which he played a corpse. He appeared in the serial The Three Musketeers (1933), an updated version of the Alexandre Dumas novel in which the protagonists were soldiers in the French Foreign Legion in then-contemporary North Africa. He played the lead, with his name over the title, in many low-budget Poverty Row Westerns, mostly at Monogram Pictures and serials for Mascot Pictures Corporation. By Wayne's own estimation, he appeared in about 80 of these horse operas from 1930 to 1939. In Riders of Destiny (1933), he became one of the first singing cowboys of film, albeit via dubbing. Wayne also appeared in some of the Three Mesquiteers Westerns, whose title was a play on the Dumas classic. He was mentored by stuntmen in riding and other Western skills. Stuntman Yakima Canutt and Wayne developed and perfected stunts and onscreen fisticuffs techniques which are still in use.
Wayne's breakthrough role came with John Ford's Stagecoach (1939). Because of Wayne's B-movie status and track record in low-budget Westerns throughout the 1930s, Ford had difficulty getting financing for what was to be an A-budget film. After rejection by all the main studios, Ford struck a deal with independent producer Walter Wanger in which Claire Trevor—a much bigger star at the time—received top billing. Stagecoach was a huge critical and financial success, and Wayne became a mainstream star. Cast member Louise Platt credited Ford as saying at the time that Wayne would become the biggest star ever because of his appeal as the archetypal "everyman".
America's entry into World War II resulted in a deluge of support for the war effort from all sectors of society, and Hollywood was no exception. Wayne was exempted from service due to his age, although actor Henry Fonda born two years earlier volunteered and served three years, (34 at the time of Pearl Harbor) and family status, classified as 3-A (family deferment). He repeatedly wrote to John Ford saying he wanted to enlist, on one occasion inquiring whether he could get into Ford's military unit, but consistently kept postponing it until after "he finished just one or two pictures". Wayne did not attempt to prevent his reclassification as 1-A (draft eligible), but Republic Studios was emphatically resistant to losing him. Herbert J. Yates, President of Republic, threatened Wayne with a lawsuit if he walked away from his contract, and Republic Pictures intervened in the Selective Service process, requesting Wayne's further deferment.
Wayne toured U.S. bases and hospitals in the South Pacific for three months in 1943 and 1944. with the USO. By many accounts, his failure to serve in the military was the most painful part of his life. His widow later suggested that his patriotism in later decades sprang from guilt, writing: "He would become a 'superpatriot' for the rest of his life trying to atone for staying home."
U.S. National Archives records indicate that Wayne had, in fact, made an application to serve in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), that day's equivalent of the CIA, and had been accepted within the U.S. Army's allotted billet to the OSS. William J. Donovan, OSS Commander, wrote Wayne a letter informing him of his acceptance into the Field Photographic Unit, but the letter went to his estranged wife Josephine's home. She never told him about it. Donovan also issued an OSS Certificate of Service to Wayne.
Commercial success
Wayne's first color film was Shepherd of the Hills (1941), in which he co-starred with his longtime friend Harry Carey. The following year, he appeared in his only film directed by Cecil B. DeMille, the Technicolor epic Reap the Wild Wind (1942), in which he co-starred with Ray Milland and Paulette Goddard; it was one of the rare times he played a character with questionable values.
In 1949, director Robert Rossen offered the starring role of All the King's Men to Wayne. Wayne refused, believing the script to be un-American in many ways. Broderick Crawford, who eventually got the role, won the 1949 Oscar for best male actor, ironically beating out Wayne, who had been nominated for Sands of Iwo Jima.
He lost the leading role in The Gunfighter (1950) to Gregory Peck due to his refusal to work for Columbia Pictures because its chief, Harry Cohn, had mistreated him years before when he was a young contract player. Cohn had bought the project for Wayne, but Wayne's grudge was too deep, and Cohn sold the script to Twentieth Century Fox, which cast Peck in the role Wayne badly wanted but for which he refused to bend.
One of Wayne's most popular roles was in The High and the Mighty (1954), directed by William Wellman, and based on a novel by Ernest K. Gann. His portrayal of a heroic copilot won widespread acclaim. Wayne also portrayed aviators in Flying Tigers (1942), Flying Leathernecks (1951), Island in the Sky (1953), The Wings of Eagles (1957), and Jet Pilot (1957).
He appeared in nearly two dozen of John Ford's films over twenty years, including She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949), The Quiet Man (1952), The Wings of Eagles (1957), and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) with James Stewart: the first movie in which he called someone "Pilgrim". Ford's The Searchers (1956), is often considered to contain Wayne's finest and most complex performance. He named his youngest son Ethan after the character.
Later career
John Wayne won a Best Actor Oscar for True Grit (1969). This came 20 years after his only other nomination. Wayne was also nominated as the producer of Best Picture for The Alamo (1960), one of two films he directed. The other was The Green Berets (1968), the only major film made during the Vietnam War to support the war. During the filming of The Green Berets, the Degar or Montagnard people of Vietnam's Central Highlands, fierce fighters against communism, bestowed on Wayne a brass bracelet that he wore in the film and all subsequent films.
Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in the crime drama McQ (1974). His last film was The Shootist (1976), whose main character, J. B. Books, was dying of cancer—the illness to which Wayne himself succumbed three years later.
Batjac, the production company cofounded by Wayne, was named after the fictional shipping company Batjak in Wake of the Red Witch (1948), a film based on the novel by Garland Roark. (A spelling error by Wayne's secretary was allowed to stand, accounting for the variation.) Batjac (and its predecessor, Wayne-Fellows Productions) was the arm through which Wayne produced many films for himself and other stars. Its best-known non-Wayne production was Seven Men From Now (1956), which started the classic collaboration between director Budd Boetticher and star Randolph Scott.
In the Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Money-Making Western Stars poll, Wayne was listed in 1936 and 1939. He appeared in the similar Box Office poll in 1939 and 1940. While these two polls are really an indication only of the popularity of series stars, Wayne also appeared in the Top Ten Money Makers Poll of all films from 1949 to 1957 and 1958 to 1974, taking first place in 1950, 1951, 1954, and 1971. With a total of 25 years on the list, Wayne has more appearances than any other star, surpassing Clint Eastwood (21) who is in second place.
In later years, Wayne was recognized as a sort of American natural resource, and his various critics, of his performances and his politics, viewed him with more respect. Abbie Hoffman, the radical of the 1960s, paid tribute to Wayne's singularity, saying, "I like Wayne's wholeness, his style. As for his politics, well—I suppose even cavemen felt a little admiration for the dinosaurs that were trying to gobble them up." Reviewing The Cowboys (1972), Vincent Canby of The New York Times, who did not particularly care for the film, wrote: "Wayne is, of course, marvelously indestructible, and he has become an almost perfect father figure".
Radio work
Like most Hollywood stars, Wayne appeared as a guest on various radio programs, such as The Hedda Hopper Show and The Louella Parsons Show. He made a number of appearances in dramatic roles, mainly recreations for radio of his own films, on programs like Screen Directors Playhouse and Lux Radio Theatre. For six months in 1942, Wayne starred in his own radio adventure series, Three Sheets to the Wind, produced by film director Tay Garnett. In the series, an international spy/detective show, Wayne played Dan O'Brien, a detective who used alcoholism as a mask for his investigatory endeavors. The show was intended by Garnett to be a pilot of sorts for a film version, though the motion picture never came to fruition. No episodes of the series featuring Wayne seem to exist, though a demonstration episode with Brian Donlevy in the leading role does exist. Wayne, not Donlevy, played the role throughout the series run on NBC.
Personal life
Wayne was married three times and divorced twice. He was fluent in Spanish and his three wives, one of Spanish American descent and two of Hispanic descent, were Josephine Alicia Saenz, Esperanza Baur, and Pilar Pallete. He had four children with Josephine: Michael Wayne (November 23, 1934 – April 2, 2003), Mary Antonia "Toni" Wayne LaCava (February 25, 1936 – December 6, 2000), Patrick Wayne (born July 15, 1939), and Melinda Wayne Munoz (born December 3, 1940). He had three more children with Pilar: Aissa Wayne (born March 31, 1956), John Ethan Wayne (born February 22, 1962), and Marisa Wayne (born February 22, 1966).
Several of Wayne's children entered the film and television industry; Wayne's son Ethan was billed as John Ethan Wayne in a few films, and played one of the leads in the 1990s update of the Adam-12 television series.
His stormiest divorce was from Esperanza Baur, a former Mexican actress. She believed that Wayne and co-star Gail Russell were having an affair, a claim which both Wayne and Russell denied. The night the film Angel and the Badman (1947) wrapped, there was the usual party for cast and crew, and Wayne came home very late. Esperanza was in a drunken rage by the time he arrived, and she attempted to shoot him as he walked through the front door.
Wayne had several high-profile affairs, including one with Marlene Dietrich that lasted for three years and one with Merle Oberon that lasted from 1938 to 1947. After his separation from his wife, Pilar, in 1973, Wayne became romantically involved and lived with his former secretary Pat Stacy (1941–1995) until his death in 1979. She published a biography of her life with him in 1983, titled Duke: A Love Story.
Wayne's hair began to thin in the 1940s, and he had begun to wear a hairpiece by the end of the decade. He was occasionally seen in public without the hairpiece (such as, according to Life magazine, at Gary Cooper's funeral). During a widely noted appearance at Harvard University, Wayne was asked by a student "Is it true that your toupée is real mohair?" He responded: "Well sir, that's real hair. Not mine, but real hair."
A close friend of Wayne's, California Congressman Alphonzo E. Bell, Jr., wrote of him, "Duke's personality and sense of humor were very close to what the general public saw on the big screen. It is perhaps best shown in these words he had engraved on a plaque: 'Each of us is a mixture of some good and some not so good qualities. In considering one's fellow man it's important to remember the good things ... We should refrain from making judgments just because a fella happens to be a dirty, rotten SOB.'"
Wayne biographer Michael Munn chronicled Wayne's drinking habits. According to Sam O'Steen's memoir, Cut to the Chase, studio directors knew to shoot Wayne's scenes before noon, because by afternoon he "was a mean drunk". He had been a chain smoker of cigarettes since young adulthood and was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1964. He underwent successful surgery to remove his entire left lung and four ribs. Despite efforts by his business associates to prevent him from going public with his illness for fear that it would cost him work, Wayne announced he had cancer and called on the public to get preventive examinations. Five years later, Wayne was declared cancer-free. Wayne has been credited with coining the term "The Big C" as a euphemism for cancer.
Wayne's height has been perennially described as at least 6 ft 4 in (193 cm). He was a Freemason, a Master Mason in Marion McDaniel Lodge No. 56 F&AM, in Tucson, Arizona. He became a 32nd Degree Scottish Rite Mason and later joined the Al Malaikah Shrine Temple in Los Angeles. He became a member of the York Rite. During the early 1960s, John Wayne traveled extensively to Panama, during which he purchased the island of Taborcillo off the main coast. It was sold by his estate at his death.
Wayne's yacht, the Wild Goose, was one of his favorite possessions. He kept it docked in Newport Harbor and it was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2011.
Wayne was fond of literature, his favorite authors being Charles Dickens, Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie. His favorite books were David Copperfield, and Conan Doyle's historical novels The White Company and Sir Nigel.
Political views
Throughout most of his life, Wayne was a vocally prominent conservative Republican in Hollywood, supporting anti-communist positions. Initially a self-described socialist during his college years, he voted for Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1936 presidential election and expressed admiration for Roosevelt's successor, fellow Democratic President Harry S. Truman. He took part in creating the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals in February 1944, and was elected president of that organization in 1949. An ardent anti-communist and vocal supporter of the House Un-American Activities Committee, he made Big Jim McLain (1952) with himself as a HUAC investigator to demonstrate his support for the cause of anti-communism. Declassified Soviet documents reveal that, despite being a fan of Wayne's movies, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin contemplated assassination of Wayne for his frequently espoused anti-communist politics.
Wayne supported Vice President Richard Nixon in the presidential election of 1960, but expressed his vision of patriotism when John F. Kennedy won the election: "I didn't vote for him but he's my president, and I hope he does a good job." He used his star power to support conservative causes, including rallying support for the Vietnam War by producing, codirecting, and starring in the financially successful, critically panned The Green Berets (1968).
Due to his status as the highest profile Republican star in Hollywood, wealthy Texas Republican Party backers asked Wayne to run for national office in 1968, as had his friend and fellow actor Senator George Murphy. He declined, joking that he did not believe the public would seriously consider an actor in the White House. Instead, he supported his friend Ronald Reagan's runs for Governor of California in 1966 and 1970. He was asked to be the running mate for Democratic Alabama Governor George Wallace in 1968, but he rejected the offer and actively campaigned for Richard Nixon; Wayne addressed the Republican National Convention on its opening day in August 1968. For a while, he was also a member of the anti-communist John Birch Society.
Wayne openly differed with the Republican Party over the issue of the Panama Canal, as he supported the Panama Canal Treaty in the mid-1970s; conservatives had wanted the U.S. to retain full control of the canal, but Wayne believed that the Panamanians had the right to the canal and sided with President Jimmy Carter and the Democrats. Wayne was a close friend of the late Panamanian leader Omar Torrijos Herrera, and Wayne's first wife, Josephine, was a native of Panama. His support of the treaty brought him hate mail for the first time in his life.
In May 1971, Playboy magazine published an interview with Wayne which resulted in a firestorm of controversy. Wayne expressed his support for the Vietnam War, and made headlines for his resolute opinions about social issues and race relations in the United States:
I believe in white supremacy, until the blacks are educated to a point of responsibility. I don't believe giving authority and positions of leadership and judgment to irresponsible people ... I don't feel we did wrong in taking this great country away from [the Native Americans] ... Our so-called stealing of this country from them was just a matter of survival. There were great numbers of people who needed new land, and the Indians were selfishly trying to keep it for themselves.
In the same Playboy interview, Wayne also responded to questions about whether social programs were good for the country:
I know all about that. In the late Twenties, when I was a sophomore at USC, I was a socialist myself—but not when I left. The average college kid idealistically wishes everybody could have ice cream and cake for every meal. But as he gets older and gives more thought to his and his fellow man's responsibilities, he finds that it can't work out that way—that some people just won't carry their load ... I believe in welfare—a welfare work program. I don't think a fella should be able to sit on his backside and receive welfare. I'd like to know why well-educated idiots keep apologizing for lazy and complaining people who think the world owes them a living. I'd like to know why they make excuses for cowards who spit in the faces of the police and then run behind the judicial sob sisters. I can't understand these people who carry placards to save the life of some criminal, yet have no thought for the innocent victim.
Although he enrolled in a cancer vaccine study in an attempt to ward off the disease, Wayne died of stomach cancer at the age of 72 on June 11, 1979, at the UCLA Medical Center, and was buried in the Pacific View Memorial Park cemetery in Corona del Mar, Newport Beach. According to his son Patrick and his grandson Matthew Muñoz, a priest in the California Diocese of Orange, he converted to Roman Catholicism shortly before his death. He requested that his tombstone read "Feo, Fuerte y Formal", a Spanish epitaph Wayne described as meaning "ugly, strong, and dignified". The grave, which went unmarked for 20 years, is now marked with a quotation from his controversial 1971 Playboy interview: "Tomorrow is the most important thing in life. Comes into us at midnight very clean. It's perfect when it arrives and it puts itself in our hands. It hopes we've learned something from yesterday."
Among the cast and crew who filmed The Conqueror (1956) on location near St. George, Utah, 91 developed some form of cancer at various times, including stars Wayne, Susan Hayward, Agnes Moorehead, Pedro Armendáriz, and director Dick Powell. The film was shot in southwestern Utah, east of and generally downwind from the site of recent U.S. Government nuclear weapons tests in southeastern Nevada. Many contend that radioactive fallout from these tests contaminated the film location and poisoned the film crew working there. Despite the suggestion that Wayne's 1964 lung cancer and his 1979 stomach cancer resulted from nuclear contamination, he believed his lung cancer to have been a result of his six-packs-a-day cigarette habit.
Awards, celebrations, and landmarks
Wayne's enduring status as an iconic American was formally recognized by the U.S. government in the form of the two highest civilian decorations. On May 26, 1979, he was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. Hollywood figures and American leaders from across the political spectrum, including Maureen O'Hara, Elizabeth Taylor, Frank Sinatra, Mike Frankovich, Katharine Hepburn, General and Mrs. Omar Bradley, Gregory Peck, Robert Stack, James Arness, and Kirk Douglas, testified to Congress in support of the award. Robert Aldrich, president of the Directors Guild of America, made a particularly notable statement:
It is important for you to know that I am a registered Democrat and, to my knowledge, share none of the political views espoused by Duke. However, whether he is ill disposed or healthy, John Wayne is far beyond the normal political sharpshooting in this community. Because of his courage, his dignity, his integrity, and because of his talents as an actor, his strength as a leader, his warmth as a human being throughout his illustrious career, he is entitled to a unique spot in our hearts and minds. In this industry, we often judge people, sometimes unfairly, by asking whether they have paid their dues. John Wayne has paid his dues over and over, and I'm proud to consider him a friend and am very much in favor of my government recognizing in some important fashion the contribution that Mr. Wayne has made.
Wayne was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on June 9, 1980, by President Jimmy Carter. He had attended Carter's inaugural ball "as a member of the loyal opposition", as he described it. In 1998, he was awarded the Naval Heritage Award by the US Navy Memorial Foundation for his support of the Navy and military during his film career. In 1999, the American Film Institute (AFI) named Wayne 13th among the Greatest Male Screen Legends of Classic Hollywood cinema.
Various public locations are named in honor of Wayne, including the John Wayne Airport in Orange County, California, where a nine-foot bronze statue of him stands at the entrance; the John Wayne Marina for which Wayne bequeathed the land, near Sequim, Washington; John Wayne Elementary School (P.S. 380) in Brooklyn, New York, which boasts a 38-foot mosaic mural commission by New York artist Knox Martin entitled "John Wayne and the American Frontier"; and a 100-plus-mile trail named the "John Wayne Pioneer Trail" in Washington's Iron Horse State Park. A larger than life-size bronze statue of Wayne atop a horse was erected at the corner of La Cienega Boulevard and Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills, California, at the former offices of the Great Western Savings and Loan Corporation, for which Wayne had made a number of commercials. In the city of Maricopa, Arizona, part of Arizona State Route 347 is named John Wayne Parkway, which runs through the center of town.
In 2006, friends of Wayne and his former Arizona business partner, Louis Johnson, inaugurated the "Louie and the Duke Classics" events benefiting the John Wayne Cancer Foundation and the American Cancer Society. The weekend-long event each fall in Casa Grande, Arizona, includes a golf tournament, an auction of John Wayne memorabilia, and a team roping competition.
Several celebrations took place on May 26, 2007, the centennial of Wayne's birth. A celebration at the John Wayne birthplace in Winterset, Iowa, included chuck-wagon suppers, concerts by Michael Martin Murphey and Riders in the Sky, a Wild West Revue in the style of Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, and a Cowboy Symposium with Wayne's costars, producers, and costumers. Wayne's films ran repetitively at the local theater. Ground was broken for the New John Wayne Birthplace Museum and Learning Center at a ceremony consisting of over 30 of Wayne's family members, including Melinda Wayne Muñoz, Aissa, Ethan, and Marisa Wayne. Later that year, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Wayne into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts.
In 2016 Republican assemblyman Matthew Harper proposed marking May 26 as "John Wayne Day" in California. This resolution was struck down by a vote of 35 to 20, due to Wayne's views on race and his support of controversial organizations such as the John Birch Society and the House Un-American Activities Committee.
Cultural image as an American icon
Wayne rose beyond the typical recognition for a famous actor to that of an enduring icon who symbolized and communicated American values and ideals. By the middle of his career, Wayne had developed a larger-than-life image, and as his career progressed, he selected roles that would not compromise his off-screen image. At a party in 1957, Wayne confronted actor Kirk Douglas about the latter's decision to play the role of Vincent van Gogh in the film Lust for Life, saying: "Christ, Kirk, how can you play a part like that? There's so goddamn few of us left. We got to play strong, tough characters. Not these weak queers."
Wayne's rise to being the quintessential movie war hero began to take shape four years after World War II, when Sands of Iwo Jima (1949) was released. His footprints at Grauman's Chinese theater in Hollywood were laid in concrete that contained sand from Iwo Jima. His status grew so large and legendary that when Japanese Emperor Hirohito visited the United States in 1975, he asked to meet John Wayne, the symbolic representation of his country's former enemy. Likewise when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev visited the United States in 1959, he made two requests: to visit Disneyland and meet Wayne.
Wayne is the only actor to appear in every edition of the annual Harris Poll of Most Popular Film Actors, and the only actor to appear on the list after his death. Wayne has been in the top ten in this poll for 19 consecutive years, starting in 1994, 15 years after his death.
John Wayne Cancer Foundation
The John Wayne Cancer Foundation was founded in 1985 in honor of John Wayne, after his family granted the use of his name for the continued fight against cancer. The foundation's mission is to "bring courage, strength, and grit to the fight against cancer". The foundation provides funds for innovative programs that improve cancer patient care, including research, education, awareness, and support.
Legal problems with Duke University
Newport Beach, California-based John Wayne Enterprises sells products such as Kentucky straight bourbon using Wayne's picture. When the company tried to trademark the image appearing on one of the bottles, Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, filed a notice of opposition. According to court documents, Duke has tried three times since 2005 to stop the company from trademarking the name. The company wants a federal judge in Orange County, California, to declare that both brands can be allowed. The company's complaint filed in federal court says the university "does not own the word 'Duke' in all contexts for all purposes." The university's official position is not to object if Wayne's image is used, but if the company wants to use the Duke name without Wayne, the university says, "we are also committed to protecting the integrity of Duke University's trademarks." Richard Howell, an attorney for John Wayne Enterprises, said the company supports a co-use agreement, though he believed the name "Duke" would be more likely associated with Wayne than with the university.
On September 30, 2014, federal judge David Carter dismissed the suit against Duke University, saying the jurisdiction was incorrect.
Between 1926 and 1976, Wayne appeared in over 170 motion pictures, and became one of America's biggest box office stars. Only Clark Gable sold more tickets than Wayne, although the ticket prices were not commensurate since, although both actors started their careers at the same time, Gable's career height preceded Wayne's by approximately fifteen years.
Missed roles
Academy Awards
As shown below, Wayne was nominated for three Academy Awards, winning once for Best Actor in a Leading Role in 1969.
Best Actor
The category's nominees for each year in which Wayne was nominated are shown, with that year's winner highlighted in yellow.
Golden Globe
The Golden Globe Awards are presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) to recognize outstanding achievements in the entertainment industry, both domestic and foreign, and to focus wide public attention upon the best in motion pictures and television. In 1953, Wayne was awarded the Henrietta Award (a now retired award) for being World Film Favorite: Male.
The Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in motion pictures is an annual award given by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association at the Golden Globe Award ceremonies in Hollywood. It was named in honor of Cecil B. DeMille (1881–1959), one of the industry's most successful filmmakers; John Wayne won the award in 1966.
In 1970, Wayne won a Golden Globe Award for his performance in True Grit.
Brass Balls Award
In 1973, The Harvard Lampoon, a satirical paper run by Harvard University students, invited Wayne to receive The Brass Balls Award, created in his "honor", after calling him "the biggest fraud in history". Harvard Square had become known for leftist intellectualism and protest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Wayne accepted the invitation as a chance to promote the recently released film McQ, and a Fort Devens Army convoy offered to drive him into the square on an armored personnel carrier. The ceremony was held on January 15, 1974, at the Harvard Square Theater and the award was officially presented in honor of Wayne's "outstanding machismo and penchant for punching people". Although the convoy was met with protests by members of the American Indian Movement and others, some of whom threw snowballs, Wayne received a standing ovation from the audience when he walked onto the stage. An internal investigation was launched into the Army's involvement in the day.


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This may sound like sacrilege, but it's not: Ubuntu Linux can be useful even if you're a hardcore Windows user.
That's because there's no way to boot a full Windows system from a USB stick to troubleshoot your PC—well, not without an Enterprise version of Windows and Windows To Go—but anyone can make a free Ubuntu USB drive, CD, or DVD. A Ubuntu live drive can be used as a digital Swiss army knife to troubleshoot all sorts of problems with any PC, whether you need to recover files from a failing computer, diagnose hardware problems, perform a deep virus scan from outside Windows, or even reset a forgotten Windows password.
We'll be getting our hands dirty with some Linux terminal commands here, but don't worry—the Linux terminal won't bite. You can even copy-paste most of these commands directly into the terminal.
Create Ubuntu Live media
To get started, you'll need a Linux live USB drive, CD, or DVD. You can use any Linux distribution for this, but we're focusing on Ubuntu to simplify things.
Visit Ubuntu's website and download Ubuntu Desktop— we used 12.04 LTS for this, but any available version will do. Download the Universal USB Installer tool, then select your USB drive and the ISO file and the tool will create a bootable USB drive. You can also burn the ISO file to a CD or DVD, but those spinning discs will run slower than a USB drive.
Just insert the live drive into a computer and reboot. It should boot straight into Ubuntu; if it doesn't, you'll need to change the boot order in your computer's BIOS. Once you're in, the troubleshooting begins.
Recover files from a failing drive
We've all been there. Your PC may not boot, Windows may be showing errors and blue-screening, or—even worse—you may hear that dreaded mechanical hard drive clicking.
Even if you can't boot Windows, there's a good chance you can read the drive from within Linux and recover some files before the hard drive dies completely. Or, if the Windows system is corrupted and the drive itself is fine, you can recover all of the files from outside Windows.
There's no Linux terminal involved here. Just click the folder icon on Ubuntu's launcher to open the file manager. You'll see your Windows drive under Devices in the sidebar; click it and you'll see your Windows file system. If you have multiple partitions or hard drives, you'll see multiple devices here.
Connect an external drive or USB stick to your computer and it will appear under Devices, too. Copy and paste the files you want to back up from the Windows system to your external drive, just as you would on Windows. You could even fire up a web browser and upload the files directly to Dropbox or another cloud storage service, or open the Brasero Disc Burner application included with Ubuntu to burn them to disc.
Reset your Windows password
Ubuntu can also edit your Windows user account passwords, which is great if you've forgotten your Windows password. We tested this on a modern Windows 8.1 Update system and it worked perfectly. We'll be modifying the Administrator account here—after you unlock it and clear its password, you can log into Windows as Administrator and reset your other passwords.
Open a terminal by clicking the Ubuntu logo in the top-left corner of the launcher, typing Terminal, and pressing Enter. Run the following commands to install the password-changing utility you'll need. (If you've already run the first two commands, you don't need to run them again—just run the third one here.)
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install chntpw
Be sure to open the file manager from the launcher and click your Windows drive under Devices to view its contents if you haven't yet. This will "mount" the drive and make it available in the terminal.
Next, start typing the following command into the terminal, but do not press Enter:
cd /media/
Now, press the Tab key twice. You'll see an alphanumeric label that corresponds to your hard drive. Type the first few characters and press Tab again to automatically fill the label in. Now type /Windows/System32/config so you end up with a command that looks like the following, and then finally press Enter:
cd /media/9A72A08872A06AA9/Windows/System32/config
Run the following command and press Enter to start modifying the Administrator account. SAM is the name of the Windows system file containing the hashed user account passwords.
sudo chntpw SAM
If your Administrator account is locked—and it is by default—type 4 at the prompt and press Enter to unlock it. Type y at the confirmation prompt and press Enter to confirm.
You'll have to run the sudo chntpw SAM command again to get back into the program. Type 1 and press Enter at the prompt to clear the Administrator's password and make it blank. Type y at the prompt and press Enter to confirm again. Important: Do not use the change password option here, as it could cause problems.
You can now log into Windows with the username Administrator and a blank password. From there, you can open the Control Panel and reset other user account passwords. (Worried about other people doing this to your Windows system? Set a BIOS password to ensure they can't boot to removable media and mess around with it.)
Scan for malware
Rootkits are a nasty type of malware that burrow deep into Windows and start at boot-up, pulling strings in the background so they're invisible to antivirus programs and hidden even from the Windows Task Manager. Even if you have bog-standard malware, it's often easier to remove malware from outside Windows. Antivirus companies often make dedicated antivirus boot discs you can use to scan your system from outside Windows, but you can do this all from within Ubuntu.
We'll use ClamAV here because it's open source and easily installable on Ubuntu. It isn't the only option, though; you may also want to look at commercial antiviruses like AVG Free for Linux or BitDefender for Unices.
To install ClamAV, open the terminal and copy-paste or type each of the following commands into the terminal in order, pressing Enter after each. (Again, if you've already run the first two commands performing another task, you don't need to run them again—just start at the third.)
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install clamtk
Type y and press Enter to confirm the installation.
Next, run the following command to update your virus definitions:
sudo freshclam
You can now run the clamtk command in the terminal or open ClamTk from your list of installed applications. Be sure to click the Preferences button and enable the "Scan all files and directories in a directory" option after you do.
To actually scan your Windows drive for malware, click the Scan option on the menu at the top of ClamAV's screen and select Recursive Scan. Select your Windows drive in the sidebar and click OK. ClamTk should scan every file on your Windows drive with the ClamAV antivirus engine.
Give your hard drive a check-up
Ubuntu can also check for hardware-related issues.
The SMART hard drive status system allows a failing hard drive to warn you before it goes down in flames. To check a drive's SMART status from Ubuntu, click the Ubuntu logo icon at the top-left corner of your screen, search for "Disk Utility" and press Enter. Select your Windows drive and look next to SMART Status to see the drive's health status. You can click the SMART Data button to see more details and perform self-tests.
SMART isn't perfect. A drive may be failing and reporting that everything is fine even as it grinds to a halt. Another drive may report a serious problem and continue working fine for months. But, if you see a serious warning, you should get your files off the drive and replace it as soon as possible.
Test your RAM
Ubuntu comes with the popular memtest86+ memory-testing utility built-in. This utility will write data to your computer's RAM, read it back, and check if it's correct. If your RAM has a problem, memtest86+ will notice when the RAM returns different data. In normal computer use, these problems can lead to application crashes, file corruption, and even the dreaded blue screen of death.
This utility must be chosen at boot, so you'll have to restart your computer if you're already at the Ubuntu desktop. When Ubuntu starts booting, repeatedly press Escape and you'll see the normally hidden boot menu. Select the Test Memory option here to launch memtest86+.
Give memtest86+ some time alone with your computer after it begins. After a single successful batch of tests, known as a pass, you'll see the message "Pass complete, no errors, press Esc to exit." You can exit memtest86+ after the message appears or allow it to perform multiple passes. If you see an error, you likely need to replace one or more of the RAM sticks in your PC.
But wait, there's more!
Even though you're not installing it on your hard drive, that itty-bitty Ubuntu live drive is a full Linux system, so there's a lot you can do with it. Even if you boot it on a computer infected with a petri dish of Windows malware, it will be secure and isolated from any problems with the Windows software. PCWorld's Ubuntu guide for displaced Windows users has much more background information if you want to learn more about the operating system's ins and outs.


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(image CBS KPIX) The #googlebarge meme has taken a very strange turn.
A rather welcome diversion from our industry's endless NSA revelations, the enigmatic barge floating off Treasure Island had been widely assumed to be a floating data center of some kind. But today a local CBS station is reporting that the massive box is custom built for….marketing. No one suggested *that* when I asked for wild speculation yesterday. Answers ranged from "a place to store Google's cash" to "a hide out for Microsoft's next CEO," but "a seaworthy rival to Apple's retail stores"? Nope, no one was that drunk on Halloween.
From the CBS story:
The project, which has been in the planning stages for more than a year, was created at Google[x], the secret facility that Google reportedly runs near its corporate headquarters in Mountain View. It is personally directed by Google co-founder Sergey Brin and is Google's attempt to upstage rival Apple and its chain of popular retail stores, sources said.
A source who has been onboard the vessel, which is moored off San Francisco's Treasure Island under tight security, told KPIX 5 the first three floors are designed to serve as "dazzling showrooms" that can be outfitted with chrome features and floor lighting. There is an upper "party deck" meant to feature bars, lanais and other comforts so Google can fete its upscale customers.
The barge can reportedly be taken apart quickly and shipped to anywhere in the world. Like, say, Davos. The thing's apparently one huge, mobile marketing stunt.
Kind of makes sense, no?


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Cecil full movie online on FMovies. It's 1996 and 4th grader, Cecil Stevens, is reminded of his terrible lisp every time he says his name. To avoid social travesty, Cecil decides to change his hard to pronounce name to the one and only, Michael Jordan.
Genre:Actor: Christa Beth Campbell, Jason London, Kaiden Scott
Director: Spenser Fritz
Country: USA


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BYU had an up-tempo mentality before it had an up-tempo offense.
"It's always been the will before the skill for me," BYU coach Bronco Mendenhall said Monday. "Our entire program is about how hard you try.
"All we're doing is asking the offense to do is what the defense and special teams had already been doing."
And it's working great. An offense that struggled against good competition last year, is not just running more plays, but gaining more yards and scoring more points per play.
After BYU's offense tanked last season, Mendenhall decided upping the pace on offense could help the Cougars go from consistent winners — they haven't had a losing season in nine years under Mendenhall and have won double-digits five times — to a program that could finish in the top 10 and compete for a national title.
"It's to push the envelope of what is possible here and what we can accomplish," he said.
Mendenhall revamped his entire offensive staff after 2012. The key piece was bringing back former Cougars offensive coordinator Robert Anae, who had been working as offensive line coach at Arizona (2011-12).
Anae was retained at Arizona when Rich Rodriguez took over and for one season got a crash course in fast football.
"A year with Rich Rod was like a gift," Anae said.
Anae said Mendenhall's program already had the foundation in place to make a quick and successful transition to the up-tempo offense — from the emphasis on effort and conditioning to the tone set by a defense that played a furious and attacking style.
"To have the offense go at a fast pace kind of fit the team culture that was already here," he said. "To do something like that you need a team-wide commitment."
The Cougars have embraced the new approach. No team in college football has run more plays per game than BYU at a shade under 90, up from 77 per game last year. The Cougars have gone from 400 yards per game and 5.19 yards per play to 511.3 and 5.70. That second number puts the Cougars at 65th in the country, so there is still plenty of room for improvement and big plays.
First-year starting quarterback Taysom Hill, a dual-threat still developing as a passer, is sixth in the nation in total offense at 357 yards per game.
Meanwhile, that nasty defense Mendenhall has made BYU's calling card in recent years — he was a former defensive coordinator — still ranks 20th in the nation in yards per play at 4.87.
The Cougars have won five straight, including Friday's impressive 37-20 victory against Boise State, and have this week off before playing at No. 22 Wisconsin on Nov. 9.
It will be the biggest test yet for the Cougars' new offensive style, though Mendenhall is quick to point out that up-tempo has done more than just increase BYU's offensive production.
"One of things I love about coaching is to see the human will tested. To see players being fatigued and still willing to go on," he said. "I love what it does to our practices and what it does to our individual growth and maturity."
Don't call him Curtis or Coach Johnson. Tulane coach Curtis Johnson prefers C.J. And considering how well the Green Wave have been playing in their second season under the New Orleans native and former Saints assistant, his is a name worth knowing.
Tulane (6-2, 4-0) is bowl-eligible, in first place in Conference USA's West Division, and on the way to snapping a string of 10 straight losing seasons. The program was nearly washed away by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and had shown few signs of hope since.
The Green Wave went 2-10 last year, and Johnson admits there were moments he wondered what he had gotten himself into.
"Well, I almost called (coach) Sean Payton and (general manager) Mickey Loomis and asked for or my job back a couple times," he said with a laugh.
Johnson said he saw signs of a new and improved attitude among his players during spring practice, and if there was a turning point this season it came after the Green Wave lost 41-39 at home to South Alabama in the second game of the season. Tulane trailed 21-7 after the first quarter and 31-19 at half, and then had a chance to tie the game in the final two minutes but a 2-point conversion failed.
"I think they gained some confidence," Johnson said of his players.
The Green Wave have specialized in winning close games. Their last three have been decided by a touchdown or less.
"It's almost like we're playing Beamer Ball," Johnson said, referring a style Virginia Tech and coach Frank Beamer made famous. "Tough on defense, creating turnovers, very good on special teams and we have the best kicker in the world."
All-American Cairo Santos has missed only one kick under 50 yards this season and is at 82 percent on field goals for his career.
In a city dominated by the Saints and LSU, Tulane is starting to get some attention. Johnson is trying to keep his team grounded with a saying he stole from Payton.
"We can't eat the cheese," he said. "We're the same team that didn't win any games. We're just playing better. Their girlfriends and their parents are telling them how great they are. They have more girlfriends now than they ever had. Let's not eat the cheese. Let's have our single-minded focus."
— Missouri kicker Andrew Baggett, who hit the goal post on potential, game-tying 24-yard field goal in the Tigers' double-overtime loss to South Carolina can look to Navy's Nick Sloan for inspiration. Sloan missed an extra point in overtime two weeks ago to end a 45-44 double-OT loss to Toledo. On Saturday, Sloan kicked a 30-yard field goal as time expired to beat Pittsburgh, 24-21.
— Garrett Gilbert, once expected to be Texas' next great quarterback, is putting it all together in his final season at SMU. The senior quarterback leads the nation in total offense at 408.3 yards per game.
— A season that started with so much promise is getting away from Northwestern (4-4, 0-4). Injuries have played a part in the Wildcats' four-game losing streak, which could get much worse. They play at Nebraska on Saturday, then face Michigan and Michigan State before finishing up with Illinois. The good news? Maybe a down year will keep other schools from trying to steal away coach Pat Fitzgerald.
One nonvoters top three.
1) Jameis Winston, Florida State
2) Marcus Mariota, Oregon
3) Johnny Manziel, Texas A&M
Championship game — Alabama vs. Oregon.
Orange Bowl — Florida State vs. Wisconsin.
Sugar Bowl — Clemson vs. Missouri.
Rose Bowl — Stanford vs. Ohio State.
Fiesta Bowl — Baylor vs. UCF.
Follow Ralph D. Russo at www.Twitter.com/ralphDrussoAP


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Allegory of Africa on the façade of the Colonial Office, Whitehall, London, by Henry Hugh Armstead. [Click on thumbnail for additional information and for a larger image.]
Disraeli is commonly viewed as the great pro-active imperialist who hoped to unite the classes under the banner of Empire. Indeed, such an attitude might be seen as justified in the light of his glorious rhetoric, exemplified in the Manchester and Crystal Palace speeches of 1872. However, such an overly simplistic approach ignores the facts; the Imperial territories did not extend nearly as greatly between 1874-80 as they did under Gladstone, the supposed proponent of "the rights of the savage." Rather, Disraeli took a consolidatory approach, often opportunistic, but always with the definite objective of preserving the Empire according to his principles of "Tory Democracy."
Indeed, Disraeli's purchase of £4 million worth of Suez Canal shares in 1875 may have appeared an opportunistic reaction to the economic troubles of the Khedive, but it certainly made sense. It prevented France from taking total control of a vital trade route, whilst tolls were reduced, making shipping from or to India and the Far East far cheaper. Gladstone, who had claimed that it paved the way to the occupation of Egypt, was later proved correct. Whether or not Disraeli was aware of such a possibility is not the issue; it was a consolidatory rather than expansionist move so as to protect British economic and strategic interests.
The same as which can be said of the Second and Third Afghan Wars. Nevertheless, Disraeli undoubtedly made a poor choice of Viceroy in Lord Lytton, since he was an aggressive imperialist. He gave to Lytton instructions to install a British mission in Kabul, and specifically instructed him not to use force to expel the Russians (who were suspected of having designs on India). Lytton ignored him and invaded anyway, sending in 35,000 British troops. In fact, the army sent in by Disraeli to punish the rebels was the only completely successful move, restoring British control in August 1880. Here, the charge of pandering to Russophobia has been levelled at Disraeli, as the supposedly intermittent surges of Russian fear amongst the public were unjustified, especially in view of the fact that said Russian forces did not rush in when the British left. However, the Penjdeh incident of 1885 suggests that the Russians did indeed have interests in the region; and the lack of a Russian invasion of 1881 might be seen as due to Disraeli's action, as they had indeed learnt that the British were unwilling to relinquish their interests in the region. It would appear, therefore, that Disraeli's defence of British interests, specifically in Afghanistan as a buffer state between Russia and India, was justified and that it was his poor choice of Lytton that caused the problems.
Allegory of Asia on the façade of the Colonial Office, Whitehall, London, by Henry Hugh Armstead. [Click on thumbnail for additional information and for a larger image.]
Indeed, in South Africa his choice of Bartle Frere was certainly contentious. Once charged with encouraging Boer membership of a federalised South Africa, Frere attempted to wipe out Cetawayos Zulus in the hope of encouraging the Boers. Hence Disraeli's poor choice of official meant that these highly controversial policies had to be followed through, so the Zulus were defeated . This was not evidence, then, of a cavalier disregard for the wishes of other states, or a belief in a divine dispensation to rule, as British troops had to remain in the area so that Disraeli would not appear weak, especially in the face of public outcry at the Prince Imperial's death. However, Disraeli's critics have with hindsight accused him of creating the germ of Boer nationalism for the sake of the impractical idea of the federation; impractical in that there were eight Zulu chieftains pitted against each other, not to mention other interested groups. However, such critics should recognise once again his faults in choice of man on the spot as opposed to faults in the principles of his ideas — after all the federation had already been seen to work in areas like Canada.
A summary of Disraeli's ideas of imperial action can be seen in his decision in 1876 to make Queen Victoria Empress of India. although it is clear that it was opportunistic, in that it gained him and his party favour with the Queen, it simultaneously asserted British control of India by providing a personal link, especially effective as a warning to the Russians that the Empire was there to stay.
Last modified 5 January 2008


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Philosophy! Not only are just about all of us ignorant of the field's meaning, teachings, and history—we're also ignorant of its gossip. That ends today, lucky philosophites! Everyone's talking about Philosophy Department sexual harassment.
By "everybody" we mean mostly philosophers. But Inside Higher Ed has an excellent article today that explains just how pissed off women are with what they say is a pattern of unchecked and unpunished sexual harassment by "well known, famous, serial harassers" in philosophy. (Men.) There's an entire blog called "What Is It Like to Be a Woman in Philosophy?" (famous philosophical essay reference alert! Thanks, Philosophy of Mind class) where women in philosophy share... what it's like, to be them. Spoiler: it's pretty pervy. For example:
I attended a conference at my friend's department where one of our former teachers, a well-known person, Professor A, someone we both admired and respected, was going to be a featured speaker.
My friend told me that when Professor A arrived, the first thing he said to my friend was "Show me a graduate student I can fuck."
Haha, what a smooth-talking intellectual giant! Now, there's a movement afoot to practice "shunning" of philosophers who everyone basically knows are sexual harassers—"not inviting them to publish, not conversing with them at conferences, advising students to avoid their graduate program, etc." That seems appropriate. Females subject to harassment might also try tossing a drink in the dude's face, and kicking him in the balls. Nietzsche would approve.


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