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If you administer cloud servers or services, such as those from Amazon Web Services or Rackspace, you might be relieved to learn that you don't need access to a notebook or desktop PC to perform routine administrative tasks.
Install one of these five apps–AWS Console, Android AWS Manager, Decaf Amazon EC2 Client, Rackspace, or ConnectBot–on your Android phone or tablet, and you can manage your cloud infrastructure from anyplace where you can access the Internet.
The first three apps are compatible with AWS, the fourth can be used with Rackspace, and the fifth is a Secure Shell client that's compatible with any cloud host.
AWS Console
AWS Console is a free Android app that provides a simple administrative interface to the following Amazon Web Services: Elastic Cloud Computer (EC2), Simple Storage Service (S3), Simple Notification Service (SNS), Relational Database Services (RDS), Route 53 (Amazon's Domain Name System Web service), and CloudFront (Amazon's Web-hosting service). It's primarily designed for tablets running Honeycomb or Ice Cream Sandwich, but it also works on Android phones.
Once you've added a user account by inputting your AWS access ID and secret access key (from the AWS Security Credentials page), you can select the desired AWS region and log in. On a tablet you'll see a nicely laid out-navigation system, but on a phone you must use the menu key to navigate between each AWS service and its properties.
The app lets you perform most of the basic instance tasks (create, start, stop, reboot, terminate, and so on) available from the official AWS Management Console website. It does not, however, allow you to manage components such as load balancers or network interfaces for Amazon's EC2.
Overall, the AWS Console app provides a simple interface for managing your AWS services. Though it lacks graphics and has a plain look and feel, it remains relatively user friendly and serves its purpose. The only gripe I have is that you must select the AWS region before logging in–a pain for admins who deploy services across multiple regions.
Since this app doesn't provide password protection, I strongly advise you enable the native Android lock screen PIN, password, or pattern on your device if you decide to use it; otherwise, anyone with access to your phone or tablet will also be able to access your AWS account. You can download the app here.
Android AWS Manager
Another free Android app (currently in beta), Android AWS Manager provides an interface to the EC2, RDS, and Route 53 AWS services. Though designed primarily for phones, it also works on tablets; it doesn't rotate from portrait to landscape orientation, however–a limitation that I found annoying when I used the app on a tablet.
Android AWS Manager supports fewer AWS services than AWS Console does, and it delivers less functionality for the services it does support (it won't allow you to create instances on Amazon's EC2, for instance). On the other hand, unlike AWS Console, Android AWS Manager supports Elastic Load Balancing (ELB), and you can switch between AWS regions while you're logged in.
This program is also not password-protected on its own, so you should enable the native Android lock screen PIN, password, or pattern to prevent strangers from accessing your AWS account. You can download the app here.
Decaf Amazon EC2 Client
This Android app enables you to manage and monitor your Amazon EC2 infrastructure from either a smartphone or a tablet; it is available for purchase from the Google Play app store for $14.16. Unlike the two free apps we've already covered, Decaf Amazon EC2 Client doesn't support other AWS services, such as Amazon RDS or Route 53. This app nonetheless justifies its price tag with features missing from its no-cost competitors.
The first time you run Decaf Amazon EC2 Client, it will quickly step you through the process of configuring it to work with your AWS account. Simply log in to AWS, and the app will access your EC2 key ID and secret access key.
Once it connects, you'll see a listing of the basic EC2 components (Instances, AMIs, EBS Volumes, EBS Snapshots, Elastic IPs, Security Groups, and Key Pair) and the number of those you're using. You can click on each to view its details and to perform basic functions (create, start, stop, reset, terminate, and so on) for most of the supported features. If you also have the ConnectBot SSH client installed (an app we'll discuss in more detail later), you can quickly access your running instances via SSH (Secure Shell).
While on the main screen, tap your phone's (or tablet's) menu key to reveal additional features. Tap the Regions button to quickly switch between AWS regions, or tap the CloudWatch button to view the status and historical graphs of your instance's CPU, disk, and, network usage. Unlike the free apps covered earlier, Decaf Amazon EC2 Client is password-protectable, so that unauthorized users won't be able to access and change your EC2 account.
Decaf Amazon EC2 app provides a user friendly interface for managing basic AWS services. You can use it to handle most of the same tasks that you can perform using the official AWS Management Console website. There is no support, however, for managing EC2 components such as load balancers or network interfaces. You can purchase the program at Google's app store.
Rackspace developed this free Android app to enable its customers to manage their Rackspace cloud servers, files, and load balancers. It supports multiple accounts for U.S., UK, and custom API endpoints. You can perform all of the basic cloud server tasks, such as creating, renaming, deleting, resizing, and rebooting instances. You can also ping cloud servers, manage backup schedules, and change root passwords. For your Cloud Files you can view and create containers, upload text files, and download and preview files.
This Rackspace app also offers password protection, to deter unauthorized access to your Rackspace cloud services. You can download the app here.
ConnectBot is a free, open-source, Secure Shell client for Android that can be used to administer any Linux or Unix-based cloud machine from the CLI (Command Line Interface). It also supports Telnet and local (Android device) connections. ConnectBot supports simultaneous SSH sessions, secure tunnels, and copy/paste operations between other Android apps. It supports popular emulation modes, Terminal bell alerts, and it has an adjustable scroll-back size.
Connections can persist while the app is running in the background, so you can access other apps while connections are open. You can also lock your screen without interrupting a connection.
As mentioned earlier, ConnectBot can be integrated with Decaf Amazon EC2, providing the ability to connect to your instances via SSH directly from a shortcut within Decaf. You can download the app from Google Play.
Eric Geier is a freelance tech writer. He's also the founder of NoWiresSecurity, which provides a cloud-based Wi-Fi security service for businesses, and On Spot Techs, which provides on-site computer services.


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I have always been a proponent of product placement. It doesn't interrupt a show like commercials do, and if done tastefully, it serves to further ground the story in reality. What's more real to you, a lead character drinking a Coke or a "Cola," or a family a stopping for food at a Subway or "Sandwiches?" Real products make shows real, and they provide real money to the content creators who then either increase production or consider running fewer commercials.
The problem with product placement is that it's not viable for syndication. Ford isn't going to pay for your lead character to drive a car that's four years out of date, and Subway isn't going to pay for the camera to swing by a billboard for a sandwich they stopped making three years ago. What if the car and the billboard could be changed?
A company called Mirriad is seeking to do just that, and if the technology takes off like it rightfully should, we could be seeing a future filled with commercials replaced by a future of constantly updating product placement. We deserve a future with uninterrupted shows on regular TV, and content creators deserve to be compensation for their work's on-air lifetime. Product placement with something like Mirriad's technology could make both happen, and that's pretty cool.

subset: commoncrawl


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WordPress powered by Amimoto (Apache)
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WordPress powered by Amimoto (Apache) is the ready-to-run WordPress solution for Amazon EC2. This 1-Click AMI was developed by our expert engineers to be the highest performing AMI for WordPress on Amazon Web Services. Completely preconfigured with WordPress, PHP 7, MySQL (Percona Server), and Apache. Customize as needed with full access controls and enjoy developer-friendly features like WP-CLI and Git.
WordPress is the world's most popular CMS, now powering over 25% of the Web. With Amimoto, you can launch your next WordPress project at any scale, from Auto Scaling enterprise level solutions to low-cost personal blogs.
Launch today with Amimoto on the world's leading cloud platform.
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Linux/Unix, Amazon Linux 2
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iPhone 8 repair Singapore. One of the cheapest iPhone 8 repair shop in Singapore. Simply scroll down further to find the exact iPhone 8 repair cost.
Click on the yellow boxes. They provide more information on the different types of iPhone 8 repair Singapore.
We can repair all iPhone 8 issues within 60 minutes. 90% of all iPhone 8 repair in Singapore can be done in our shop.
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Common issues for iPhone 8 repair in Singapore include iPhone 8 screen replacement, iPhone 8 battery replacement, and iPhone 8 charging port replacement. Also iPhone 8 motherboard repair Singapore, camera replacement, and water damage repair.
All iPhone 8 repair costs in our shop are inclusive of labor repair fee.


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By Davide Castelvecchi
In his article "Demons, Entropy and the Quest for Absolute Zero," physicist Mark G. Raizen describes how to cool a rarefied gas down to temperatures of just millionths of a degree above absolute zero. The starting point is to take a gas that has already been cooled to one one-hundredth of a kelvin (using a device called an atomic coilgun, also described in the text) and place it in a magnetic trap. Then the serious freeze can begin, using the new technique of single-photon cooling.
Single-photon cooling exploits a one-way gate inspired by a 19th-century thought experiment by James Clerk Maxwell. The great Scottish physicist theorized the existence of a "demon" that seemed able to concentrate the atoms of a gas into a smaller volume without raising their temperature, thus reducing their entropy. That feat seemed to violate the second law of thermodynamics, according to which entropy can never decrease. (What's the catch? Read the article to find out.)
Raizen's idea is that a one-way gate can help cool a gas in two steps: First let the gate concentrate atoms into a smaller volume (but without raising their temperature), then allow them to expand to the original volume (which brings their temperature down).
Click on "START" to see how it works.


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Working with Youth Music
ABRSM sponsors Youth Music's Young Leader Award, which is awarded to a musician aged 25 or younger, who has demonstrated great leadership skills.
The Commonwealth Resounds
Along with The Commonwealth Resounds and the Purcell School, ABRSM is a founding partner and funder of the Commonwealth International Composition Award (CICA). Since its launch in April 2019, CICA has encouraged a diverse range of young people from around the world to discover and develop their musical creativity through the medium of composition. It provides educational resources, mentorship and cash prizes for under 18s. An educational programme runs alongside the competition, which is supported by 'Go Compose' workshops around the world.
ABRSM has provided funding to the dynamic Antigua and Barbuda Young Symphony Orchestra (ABYSO) to support the development of its young musicians via a delivery programme of individual and group tuition for orchestral members by specialist music tutors, as part of ABYSO's music education programme.
ABRSM awards scholarships to students attending the School of Music at The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts (HKAPA)
ABRSM sponsors the annual music festival of The Hong Kong Schools Music and Speech Association.
ABRSM engages in and supports a number of initiatives across Singapore via the Singapore Symphony Group, such as the Singapore Symphony Orchestra.
ABRSM partners with The National Instructors and Coaches Association (NICA) to help bring training to music teachers in Singapore.
Since 2017, ABRSM has been the main sponsor of Singapore's Young Talents Project, that is organised by classical music radio station Symphony 92.4. The Young Talents Project is an annual competition in search of Singapore's budding classical music stars. Open to performers of all classical works on any musical instruments, participants showcase their talents nationally and are featured on radio, TV and social media.
The Band Directors' Association is a network of band directors who work in government schools across Singapore. ABRSM has sponsored their annual primary and secondary wind band festivals since 2018, helping to cultivate and promote wind ensemble music in Singapore and the Asia Pacific region.
ABRSM has supported the Voices of Singapore Festival since 2019. It brings together hundreds of choirs, with several thousand participants taking part annually.
ABRSM has sponsored the annual festivals and music education initiatives of the Malaysian Youth Orchestra Foundation since 2014, as well as the International Dalcroze Festivals. The Malaysian Youth Orchestra Foundation's mission is to promote music education, participation, and appreciation to Malaysian Youth.
ABRSM is a main sponsor of the Euroasia Association of the Performing Arts festival. Launched in 2013, the festival brings together musicians from across the world to tour Malaysia and includes a strings competition and piano festival.
Discovered via the International Sponsorship Fund award winners Kojereeds (formerly Borneo Reeds) award the Malaysian Wind Music Prize to a talented wind soloist or ensemble each year. The winners conduct a recital tour and outreach programmes in schools in Malaysia, to promote high quality wind playing and to help increase standards of playing in Malaysia.
Young Choral Academy develop choral singing throughout Malaysia by training a large number of teachers. Each year they host the national Malaysian Choral Eisteddfod, biennially they host an International Choral Festival, and in 2019 they organised the 24th International Kodaly Symposium in Kuching, Malaysia. ABRSM initially sponsored Young Choral Academy through the ABRSM International Sponsorship Fund.
ABRSM supports the Association of International Malaysian Schools (AIMS) primary orchestra festival, secondary orchestra and choir, festival and the music competition ABRSM has also organised Continued Professional Development days for international school teachers, which involved sessions of nominated teachers sharing best practice as well as sessions delivered by ABRSM.
ABRSM supports Melaka Classics, an annual international classical music festival that brings quality classical music to the heart of Melaka, Malaysia.
ABRSM Supports the Overseas Masters Winter Piano Academy, a course founded in 2010 by former ABRSM scholar, and Malaysian pianist, Bobby Chen. This fantastic residential course is an intensive programme for young pianists across Southeast Asia, and held in the Menuhin School in Surrey, UK, in December every two years.
ABRSM sponsors The Rondo Production (TRP), a registered social enterprise that organises high-quality national and international brass and wind festivals each year. Their programme of events includes an extensive chamber music and education series.
ABRSM supports Bangkok Opera Foundation (Opera Siam)'s dynamic educational programme. The Siam Sinfonietta was designed to create world-class classical musicians out of talented young Thai performers. It has gone on to win many top prizes, and performed at three in festivals in Carnegie Hall. Students are accepted onto the programme on a 100% scholarship basis to ensure access for all.


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RIM CEO CEO Thorsten Heins showed off the company's long-delayed BlackBerry 10 platform at RIM's developer conference.
NEW YORK (CNNMoney) -- The long-awaited BlackBerry 10 took a step closer to becoming reality on Tuesday, when Research In Motion made an early version available to developers.
RIM (RIMM) claims that BlackBerry 10 will put its smartphone platform on par with those that have outpaced it -- Apple's (AAPL, Fortune 500) iPhone and Google's (GOOG, Fortune 500) Android -- but the software has been chronically delayed.
It is now scheduled to be released to the public in the fall. Meanwhile, BlackBerry's market share is in freefall.
RIM gave the world the first glimpse at its make-or-break software at the company's annual BlackBerry World developers conference on Orlando. As CEO Thorsten Heins showed off some of BlackBerry 10's capabilities, each feature drew enthusiastic applause from the attendees.
The most impressive new feature is BlackBerry's redesigned user interface. The clean design features "cascades," which let users flip through apps with a simple swipe gesture, replacing a back key or physical button.
By swiping left, a user can navigate to the previous screen or app, and by swiping right, a user can jump forward.
"No one else can do this," Heins stated proudly at the event. He described the capability as being able to "float through menus." All the apps continue to run in the background, finally bringing true multitasking to BlackBerry apps.
The keyboard has always been one of BlackBerry's strengths, but the smartphone world is trending towards typing on glass. RIM said it is determined to maintain its competitive advantage. It demonstrated several improvements to its on-screen keyboard software, including gestures that make one-hand typing a bit easier.
As a user types, the keyboard begins to predict the next word that will be entered, which can be selected by tapping that word as it appears and swiping up. Users can swipe across the keyboard to the left to delete a word, and gestures can be used to type in numbers and punctuation.
RIM also unveiled a cool new feature for its camera software -- a key fixture in the latest smartphones, but one on which BlackBerry has fallen behind the curve.
BlackBerry 10 devices will begin taking temporary photos in the background when the camera app is opened. That's a feature available on some of the newest Android phones from HTC. But RIM took it a step further: If someone was blinking in a photo, a user can tap on that person's face and scroll back in time to find an image where the person had their eyes open.
Beyond those three features, RIM didn't demonstrate much -- and it didn't show off anything revolutionary.
Even if the remaining features and capabilities impress, RIM faces a steep uphill battle. It is now in a distant fourth place in the smartphone race, trailing Samsung, Apple and even lowly Nokia (NOK), according to a report from IDC released Tuesday.
RIM continues to preach patience, arguing that its transition to BlackBerry 10 will be slow going but that it will ultimately gain traction.
|What we want Apple to unveil at WWDC
|Millennials squeezed out of buying a home
|7 traits the rich have in common
|Big Data knows you're sick, tired and depressed
|Your car is a giant computer - and it can be hacked


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by JIM HARRINGTON of THE CONTRIBUTOR
Finally reunited with Rob Halford, arguably the genre's greatest vocalist, Judas Priest did not disappoint as the band ran through such unbreakable metal favorites as "Heading Out to the Highway," "Breaking the Law," "You've Got Another Thing Comin'" and "Living After Midnight."
Halford was an absolute monster as he let loose one spine-chilling scream after another, taking his voice so high at times that probably only dogs could hear the end of his elongated notes on songs such as "Victim of Changes."
Pushing Halford to the limit was the double-trouble guitar work of Glenn Tipton and K.K. Downing. The two ax-men worked perfectly together, twisting and turning the rhythm and lead parts into an intricate labyrinth of chugging sounds.
Halford has never been one to shy away from rock-star theatrics. At Shoreline, Halford rode an appropriately metallic motorcycle on stage for a full-throttle encore that included "Living After Midnight."


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Nadal pulls out of ATP Finals after Goffin defeat
LONDON – Agence France-Presse
Rafael Nadal pulled out of the ATP Finals on Nov. 13, admitting he had lost his fitness battle after crashing to defeat in three sets to David Goffin in a thrilling encounter.
The world number one dug deep but was stunned 7-6 (7/5), 6-7 (4/7), 6-4 by Goffin in his opening match of the end-of-season finale, which he has never won in his illustrious career.
The Spaniard came into the tournament with doubts swirling over his fitness after pulling out of the Paris Masters with a knee injury.
Initially he showed no obvious ill-effects during a rollercoaster round-robin encounter in front of a supportive crowd but eventually his injury caught up with him and forced him to admit his season is over.
"No, I am off," said Nadal. "My season is finished. Yeah, I had the commitment with the event, with the city, with myself. I tried hard. I did the thing that I had to do to try to be ready to play. But I am really not ready to play."
"Is about the pain," he added. "I cannot hold with enough power to keep playing. I tried, but seriously it was a miracle to be very close in the score during the match. It really doesn't make sense."
Nadal said he would work hard to be ready for the start of the next season.
"I know what I have to do," he said. "I know all the things that happened in the past when I had these things, and I know the treatment that I had to do. I know the periods of time that I need to work. Then if the treatment works or not, we will see." Nadal, 31, struggled to find his range early in front of a raucous crowd rooting for him and was broken twice in the first set by the Belgian seventh seed, who had lost their previous two encounters.
The Spaniard appeared to have earned a psychological edge when Goffin double-faulted while serving for the set and the match went into a tie-break but the Belgian re-found his focus to come out on top.
The second set went with serve until the eighth game, when Goffin broke to earn a chance to serve for the match, only for Nadal to break back.
Goffin had a golden chance to seal the match in Nadal's next service game but failed to put away a mid-court forehand on match point and the left-hander levelled at 5-5.
The Belgian composed himself to hold and then earned three more match points but Nadal, showing incredible grit and playing right at the limit, saved all three to take it to another tie-break, which he won.
In the decider, Nadal appeared to feel discomfort in his right knee as he went two breaks down but still he refused to admit defeat, recovering a break before eventually succumbing.
"It was a tough fight until the end," said a relieved Goffin.
"Rafa is one of the strongest players mentally on the tour. I am so happy to finally find the key to win this match. It is so special to do it here."
Nadal has won 75 singles titles in his illustrious career, including 16 Grand Slams and 30 Masters events but he has yet to triumph at the ATP Finals, played on quick indoor courts rather than his favored clay.
Earlier, also in the Pete Sampras group, Grigor Dimitrov held his nerve to beat Dominic Thiem 6-3, 5-7, 7-5.
The elegant Bulgarian had the edge for most of an enthralling contest of one-handed backhands but admitted he felt "pretty nervous" in his first appearance at the ATP Finals.
The sixth seed, who has enjoyed the best season of his career, looked wobbly as he blew his chance to serve for the match at 5-4 in the decider only to hit back immediately as Thiem himself faltered and going on to seal victory on his third match point.
The ATP Finals feature the top eight fit male singles players and doubles teams that have accrued the most points throughout the 2017 season.


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Warners' Stellian brought in a custom cigar roller for an event we hosted last week, and the cigars were a hit.
Many of us had never smoked a freshly rolled cigar, nor watched the process, so it was certainly a treat.
Our Liebherr humidor XS200 wasn't for sale (photo left), as this was a trade association event, but it was such a hit, we actually sold some right there. While it doesn't come with a custom cigar roller, the Liebherr humidor is the perfect addition to any cigar aficionado's collection.
Haven't heard of the Liebherr humidor? Read my previous post.


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System Jo - Xtra Silky Silicone Lubricant - 4oz
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Hairy Muscle Daddy Rocco Steele Breeding Matt Stevens
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Lavon Stevens Presents Jazz in the Key of Life
The Jazz Corner 1000 William Hilton Parkway, C-1, Hilton Head Island, SC 29928
Join this favorite group for a Blues and Jazz Celebration of your favorite artists including Stevie Wonder, Ray Charles, Al Jarreau, Johnny Mercer and more… Pianist and vocalist Lavon Stevens is joined by drummer Jimmy Charles, bassist/vocalist Clarence Williams and rotating weekly special guests including sensational vocalist Louise Spencer, saxophonist Stutz Wimmer, guitarist Jimmy Ward and more.A native of Savannah, Georgia, Lavon began singing and playing piano at the age of 7. He began performing in local groups across the Southeast at the age of thirteen. His first instrument was the violin. He later studied voice and piano at Dekalb College in Atlanta, Georgia from 1979 to 1983. He has traveled and performed all over the country including Aspen, Colorado, Atlanta, Georgia and Orlando, Florida. The resort vacation destination of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina has been his home since 1981. He is one of the premier entertainers on Hilton Head Island. Lavon is affiliated with BMI as a Publisher/Songwriter.


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Do you use Web of Science in your research? The UI Libraries provide free access to Web of Science, an excellent multidisciplinary citation database. Join us for a Web of Science Workshop and learn advanced techniques that will help you conduct your research more efficiently and effectively.
Lunch @ the Sciences Library
Web of Science Workshop
12:30-1:20pm, Wednesday, March 5th
102 SL (Sciences Library Classroom)
In this workshop, you will learn how to:
- Access Web of Science from off-campus;
- Use Advanced Search to retrieve more relevant search results;
- Analyze search results by author, organization, publication year, etc.;
- Save citations from Web of Science to citation managers;
- Set up Saved Searches and Citation Alerts to keep up with the literature in your field;
- Find the full-text of citations retrieved in Web of Science;
- Get help when you need it!
This workshop is free and open to all UI students, faculty and staff. There is no need to register. You may bring your lunch if desired. Free coffee will be provided. If you have any questions, please contact Sara Scheib at firstname.lastname@example.com or (319) 335-3024.


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Life, Death, and Splitting Secrets
(Summary: I created a program to help back up important data like your master password in case something happens to you. By splitting your secret into pieces, it provides a circuit breaker against a single point of failure. I'm giving it away as a free open source program with the hope that others might find it useful in addressing this aspect of our lives. Feel free to use the program and follow along with just the screenshots below or read all sections of this post if you want more context.)
I just couldn't do it.
My grandma died at this time last year from a stroke. She was a great woman. I still miss her. In that emotional last week, I was reminded of great memories with her and the fragility of life. I was also reminded about important documents that I still didn't have.
When something happens to you, be it death or incapacitation, there are some important steps that need to occur that can be greatly assisted by legal documents. For example:
- An advance health care directive (aka "Living Will") specifies what actions should (or shouldn't) be taken with regards to your healthcare if you're no longer able to make decisions for yourself.
- A durable power of attorney allows you to designate someone to legally act as you if you become incapacitated.
- A last will and testament allows you to legally assign caregivers for minor children as well as designate where you'd like your possessions to go.
My grandma had these and it helped reduce stress and anxiety in this difficult time. We knew what she would have wanted and these documents helped legally enforce that.
I had assumed that these documents were expensive and time-consuming to create. Furthermore, as a guy in my 20's, death still seems like a distant rumor. As a Christian, I'm not overly concerned about death itself, but my grandma's death reminded me that these documents are not really for me, but rather the people I'd leave behind. I knew that if something happened to me, I'd potentially be leaving behind a mess, and that concern of irresponsibility compelled me to investigate what I could do.
It turns out that creating these documents is essentially a matter of filling out a form template. I bought a program that made it about as easy as preparing taxes online. In most cases, you just need disinterested third parties, such as friends or coworkers, to witness you signing them to make them fully legal. At most, you might have to get them notarized or filed in your county for a small fee.
One of the steps involved in filling out the "Information for Caregivers and Survivors" document is to list "Secured Places and Passwords." It's a helpful section that your executor can turn to if something happened to you in order to do things like unlock your cell phone or access your online accounts. Sure, your survivors might be able use legal force to get access without it, but only after months of sending official documentation. That's a lot of hassle to put someone through. Also, it's very likely that a lot of important things will be missed and no one would ever know they existed.
It's probably rational to just write your passwords down and put them in a safe which your executor knows the location of and can access in a timely matter. Alternatively, you could pay for an attorney or a third-party service and leave your password list with them. However, this seemed like it would cause a maintenance problem, especially as I might add or update my passwords frequently. These options would also force me to trust someone I haven't known for a long time. Most importantly, the thought of writing down my passwords on a piece of paper, even if it was in a relatively safe place, went against every fiber of my security being.
I just couldn't do it.
DISCLAIMER: The above simple approaches are probably fine and have worked for a lot of people over the years. If you're comfortable with these basic approaches, by all means use them and ignore this post. These simpler approaches have less moving parts and are easy to understand. However, if you want a little more security, or need to liven up this process with a little spy novel-esque fun, read on.
The Modern Password & Encryption Problem
As an online citizen, you don't want to be that person. You know, the one whose password was so easy to guess that his email account was broken into and who "wrote" to you saying that he decided to go to Europe on a whim this past weekend but now needs you to wire him money right now and he'll explain everything later: that guy.
You've learned that passwords like "thunder", "thunder56", and even "L0u|>Thund3r" are terrible because they're easily guessed. You now know that the most important aspect of a password is its length combined with basic padding and character variation such as "/* Thunder is coming! */", "I hear thunder!", or "email@example.com".
In fact, you're probably clever enough that you don't create or remember most of your passwords anymore. You use a password manager like LastPass or KeePass to automatically generate and store unique and completely random passwords for all of your accounts. This has simplified your life so that you only have to remember your "master password" that will get you into where you keep all the rest of your usernames and passwords.
You also understand that your email account credentials are a "skeleton key" for almost everything else due to the widespread use of simple password reset emails. For this very reason, you probably realize that it's critical to protect your email login with "two-factor" authentication. That is, your email account should at least be protected by:
- Something you know (your password) and
- Something you have (your cellphone), that creates or receives a one-time use code when you want to login.
On top of all of this, you try your best to follow the trusty advice that your passwords should be ones that nobody could guess and you never ever write them down.
But what if something happens to you? If you've done everything "right," then your master password and all your second factor details go with you.
And then there are your encrypted files. Maybe you're keeping a private journal for your children to read when they grow up. Perhaps you're living in some spy novel life where you're worried that people will take you out to prevent something you know from being discovered. Wherever you fall on the spectrum, what do you do with such encrypted data?
Modern encryption is a bit scary because it's so good. If you use a decent encryption program with a good password/key, then it's very likely that no one, not even a major government, could decrypt the file even after hundreds of years. Encryption is great for keeping prying eyes out, but it could sadden survivors that you want to have access to your data. The thought of something being lost forever might make you almost yearn for the days when you just put everything into a good safe that's rated by how many minutes it might slow somebody down.
On a much lighter note, the "something" that happens to you doesn't have to be so grim. Maybe you had a really relaxing three week vacation and now you can't remember the exact keyboard combination of your password. Given that our brains have to recreate memories each time you recall something, it's possible that you could stress yourself out so much trying to remember your password that you effectively "forget" it. What do you do then?
When you put all your eggs into a password manager basket, you really want to watch that basket. Fortunately, creating a basic plan isn't that hard.
A Proposed Solution
Let's borrow an ancient yet incredibly useful idea: if it's really important to get your facts right about something, be sure to have at least two or three witnesses. This is especially true concerning matters of life and death but it also comes up when protecting really valuable things.
By the 20th century, this "two-man rule" was implemented in hardware to protect nuclear missiles from being launched by a lone rogue person without proper authorization. The main vault at Fort Knox is locked by multiple combinations such that no single person is entrusted with all of them. On the Internet, the master key for protecting the new secure domain name system (DNSSEC) is split between among 7 people from 6 different countries such that at least 5 people are needed to reconstruct it in the event of an Internet catastrophe.
If this idea is good enough for protecting nuclear weapons, the Fort Knox vault, and one of the most critical security aspects on the Internet, it's probably good enough for your password list. Besides, it can make a somewhat uncomfortable process a little more fun.
Let's start with a simple example. Let's say that your master password is "email@example.com". You could just write it out on a piece of paper and then use scissors to cut it up. This would work if you wanted to split it among 2 people, but it has some notable downsides:
- It doesn't work if you want redundancy (i.e. any 2 of 3 people being able to reconstruct it)
- Each piece would tell you something about the password and thus has value on its own. Ideally, we'd like the pieces to be worthless unless a threshold of people came together.
- It doesn't really work for more complicated scenarios like requiring 5 of 7 people.
Fortunately, some clever math can fix these issues and give you this ability for free. I created a program called SecretSplitter to automate all of this to hopefully make the whole process painless.
Let's say you want to require at least 2 witnesses to agree that something happened to you before your secret is available. You also want to build in redundancy such that any pair of people can find out your password. For this scenario, you keep the can use the default settings and press the "split" button:
You'll get this list of split pieces:
Notice that each piece is twice as long as your original message (about twice the size of a package tracking number). This is by design.
Now comes the hard part: you have to select three people you trust. You should have high confidence in anyone you'd entrust with a secret piece. It's easy to get caught up in gee-whiz cryptography and miss fundamentals: you ultimately have to trust something, especially with important matters. SecretSplitter provides a trust circuit breaker just in case (because even well-meaning people can lose important things). The splitting process adds a bit of complexity, but so do real circuit breakers. If you trust no one, then you can't have anyone help you if something happens.
For demonstration purposes, let's say you trust 3 people.
You now have to distribute these secret pieces. You could do all sorts of clever things like send letters to people that will be delivered far in the future or read them over the phone. However, distributing them in person is a pretty good option:
It can make the upcoming holiday table discussions even more fun:
Let's pretend that something happened to you. Two of the three family members that you gave pieces to would come together and agree that "something" indeed has happened to you. What happens now?
Well, either you included a note with each secret piece or you emailed them previously with instructions that they'd just need to download and run this small program. The pair comes together at a laptop and they each type their piece in quickly and then press "Recover":
Oops… they typed so quickly that they mixed up one of the digits. It told us where to look:
They fix the typo and press recover again:
And immediately they see:
Password recovered! They could now use this master password to log into your password manager where you've stored further details.
This "message" approach is useful if you have a small amount of data such as a password that you could write on a piece of paper. One downside is that each piece is twice the size of the text message. If your message becomes much larger then it will no longer be feasible to type it in manually.
One alternative approach is to bundle together all of your important files into a zip file:
To split this file, you'd click the "Create" tab and then find the file, set the number of shares and click "Save":
You'll then be told:
And then you pick where to save the encrypted file:
Finally, you'll see this screen:
This creates a slightly more complicated scenario because you now have 2 things to share: the secret pieces and the encrypted file with all your data. The encrypted file doesn't have to be secret at all. You can safely email it to people that have a secret piece:
Now, if something happens to you, they'd run the program, and type in two shares and press "Recover":
It'll then tell them:
They'd then go to their email and search for the email from you that includes your encrypted file:
Then they'd find the single message (or the latest one if you sent out updates) and download your encrypted attachment:
They'd then go back to the program to open it up:
and then they'd see a message to be careful where they saved it:
and then they'd save it:
They'd then be asked if they want to open the decrypted file, which they'd say "Yes":
Now they can see everything:
It might sound complicated, but if you're familiar with the process, it might only take a minute. If you're not tech savvy and have never done it before and type slowly, it might take 30 minutes. In either case, it's faster than having to drive to your home and search around for a folder and it contains everything you wanted people to know (especially when things are time sensitive).
That's it! Your master password and important data are now backed up. The risk is distributed: if any one piece is compromised (i.e. gets lost or misplaced), you can have everyone else destroy their secret piece and nothing will be leaked. Also, the program has an advance feature that lets you save the file encryption key. This feature allows you to send out updated encrypted files that can be decrypted with the pieces you've already established in person.
SecretSplitter implements a "(t,n) threshold cryptosystem" which can be thought of as a mathematical generalization of the physical two-man rule. The idea is that you split up a secret into pieces (called "shares") and require at least a threshold of "t" shares to be present in order to recover the secret. If you have less than "t" shares, you gain no information about the secret. Whatever threshold you use, it's really important that each "shareholder" know the threshold number of shares.
You can be quite creative in setting the threshold and distributing shares. For example, you can trust your spouse more by giving her more shares than anyone else. The key idea is that a share is an atomic unit of trust. You can give more than one unit of trust to a person, but you can never give less.
Another important practical concern is that you should consider adding redundancy to any threshold system. This is easily achieved by creating more shares than the threshold number. The reason is that if you're going out of your way to use a threshold system, then you probably want to make sure you have a backup plan in case one or more of the shares are unavailable.
IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTE: It's tempting to keep everything, including the important directives and your will in only electronic form (even when they're signed). Unfortunately, most states require the original signed documents to be considered legal and most courts will not accept a copy. For this reason, you should still have the paper originals somewhere such as a fireproof safe. However, be careful where you put the originals: although it might sound convenient to put them in a bank safety deposit box, there's usually a rather long waiting period before a before a bank can legally provide access to your box to a survivor, so don't put any time sensitive items there. My recommendation at the current time would be to include copies of the signed originals in your encrypted file and also include detailed instructions on where the originals are located and how to access them.
How It Works
Given the sensitive nature of the data being protected, I wanted to make sure I understood every part of the mathematics involved and literally every bit of the encrypted file. You're more than welcome to just use the program without fully understanding the details, but I encourage people to verify my math and code if you're able and curious.
To get started, recall that computers work with bits: 1's and 0's that can represent anything. For example, the most popular way of encoding text will encode "thunder" in binary as
01110100 01101000 01110101 01101110 01100100 01100101 01110010
We can write this more efficiently using hexadecimal notation as: 74 68 75 6E 64 65 72. We can also treat this entire sequence of bits as a single 55 bit number whose decimal representation just happens to be 32,765,950,870,971,762. In fact, any piece of data can be converted to a single number.
Now that we have a single number, let's go back to your algebra class and remember the equation for a line: y=mx+b.
In this equation, "b" is the "y-intercept", which is where the line crosses the y-axis. The "m" value is the slope and represents how steep the line is (i.e. its "grade" if it were a hill).
This is all the core math you need to understand splitting secrets. In our particular case, our secret message is always represented by the y-intercept (i.e. "b" in y=mx+b). We want to create a line that will go through this point. Recall that a line could go through this point at any angle. The slope (i.e. "m" in y=mx+b) will direct us where it goes. For things to work securely, the slope must be a random number.
Although we use large numbers in practice for security reasons, let's keep it simple here. Let's say our secret number is "7" and our random slope is "3." These choices generate this line:
With this equation, we can generate an infinite number of points on the line. For example, we can pick the first three points: (1, 10), (2, 13), and (3, 16):
You can see that if you had any two of these points, you could find the y-intercept.
It's critical to realize that having just one of these points gives us no useful information about the line. However, having any other point on the line would allow us to use a ruler and draw a straight line to the y-intercept and thus reveal the secret (we could also work it out algebraically). Each point represents a secret piece or "share" and has a unique "x" and "y" value.
The mathematically fascinating part about this idea is that a line is just a simple polynomial (curve) and this technique works for polynomials of arbitrarily large degrees. For example, a second degree polynomial is a parabola that requires 3 unique points to completely define it (one more than a line). Its equation is of the form y=ax^2 + bx + c. In our case "c" is the y-intercept and "a" and "b" are random as in y = 2x^2 + 3x + 7:
Given this equation, we can generate as many "shares" as we'd like: (1,12), (2,21), (3,34), (4,51), etc.
Keep in mind that a parabola requires three points to uniquely define it. If you just had two points, as in (1,12) and (2,21), you could create an infinite number of parabolas going through these points and thus have infinite choices for what the y-intercept (i.e. your secret) could be:
However, a third point will define the parabola and its y-intercept exactly:
You've just learned that splitting a secret that requires three people is just a matter of creating a parabola. Requiring more people is just a matter of creating a higher-degree polynomial such as a cubic or quartic polynomial. If you understand this basic idea, the rest is just details:
- Instead of using numbers, we translate the data to a big polynomial with binary coefficients.
- Instead of using middle school algebra, we use a "finite field." This helps keep results about the same size as the input and adds some security.
Don't be intimidated by these changes. The core ideas are the same as the basic case. The only noticeable difference is that you have to think of operations like multiplication and division in a more abstract way. For details, check out my source code's use of Horner's scheme for evaluating polynomials, peasant multiplication, irreducible polynomials with the fewest terms, Lagrange polynomial interpolation to find the y-intercept, and using Euclidean inverses for division.
Again, it probably sounds more complicated than it really is. At its core, it's simple. This technique is formally known as a Shamir Secret Sharing Scheme and it was discovered in the 1970's.
I didn't want to invent anything new unless I felt I absolutely had to. There was already a good tool called "ssss-split" that generates shares similar to how I wanted. This program adds a special twist by scrambling the resulting y-intercept point and therefore adds an extra layer of protection. Since this program was already the de-facto standard, I wanted to be fully compatible with it. To make sure I was compatible, I had to copy its method of "diffusing" (i.e. scrambling) the bits using the public domain XTEA algorithm. However, to ensure complete fidelity, I had to look at the source code. The only problem was that it was originally released under the GNU Public License (GPL) and it used a GPL library for working with large numbers. My goal was to make my implementation as open as I could, so I asked the author if I could look at his code to derive my own implementation that I'd release under the more permissive MIT license and he graciously allowed me to do this.
To prove the compatibility, you can use the ssss-split demo page and paste the results into SecretSplitter and it'll work just fine. In addition, I created command line programs from scratch that are fully compatible with ssss-split and ssss-combine.
After some basic usability testing, I decided to make one small adjustment. The "ssss-split" command allows you to attach a prefix that it ignores. I wanted to add a special prefix that would tell what type of share it was (i.e. a message or a file) as well as a simple checksum because with all those digits it's easy to mistype one.
Now, you can understand all the pieces of the long share:
In theory, you could "encrypt" a large file directly using this technique. In practice, it doesn't work well because each share would be huge and not something you'd be able to write down by hand or say over the phone, even using the phonetic alphabet.
For lots of data, we use a hybrid approach: encrypt the file using standard file encryption with a random key and then split the small "key" into pieces.
For file encryption, I again didn't want to invent anything new. I decided to use the OpenPGP Message Format, the same format used by PGP and GNU Privacy Guard (GPG). I didn't want to have to worry about licensing restrictions or including a third-party library, so I wrote my own implementation from scratch that did exactly what I wanted. I read RFC4880 and started sketching out what I needed to do. A few bug fixes later and I had a working implementation that was able to interoperate with GPG. To simplify my implementation, I only support a limited subset of features:
- I always use AES with a 256-bit key for encryption, even if users select a smaller effective key size. This means that users can pick any size key they want and thus balance security and share length. I picked AES because it's strong and understandable with stick figures.
- The actual file encryption key is always a hashed, salted, and stretched version of the reconstructed shares text.
- The encrypted file has an integrity protection packet to detect if the file has been modified and ensure it was decrypted correctly.
Since I used common formats, you can verify the correctness of the generated files using a Linux shell. You can also create files using the shell and have them interoperate with SecretSplitter. I included a sample of how to do this with the source code.
Help Wanted / Future Possibilities
SecretSplitter still looks and feels like a prototype. There are lots of possible improvements that could be made:
- Secret splitting is a relatively complicated idea. In Cryptography Engineering, the authors write "secret sharing schemes are rarely used because they are too complex. They are complex to implement, but more importantly, they are complex to administrate and operate."
Although I tried to simplify the user experience for broad use, it could still use some user experience enhancements to simplify it further.
2. I wrote it in C# for the .net platform because that is what I'm most familiar with (and it has some built-in powerful primitives like BigIntegers, AES, and hash functions). I suspect that an HTML5 version using JavaScript, a nice interface, and coming from a trusted domain would get much broader usage. In addition, since this is a problem that affects everyone, having great internationalization support would be a nice touch. It also would be nice to have a polished look with a good logo and other graphics.
3. You could use more elaborate secret sharing schemes than what I implemented in SecretSplitter. I considered these, but ultimately wanted to use a technique that was already compatible with widely deployed tools. I also considered enhancing shares with two-factor support or using existing public key infrastructure, but decided that added too much complexity. Perhaps it's possible to incorporate these in a good design.
4. It'd be neat if this scheme or something similar to it was integrated into LastPass and KeyPass as a core feature.
5. Obviously the shares themselves are long. I tried making them shorter but the downsides outweighed the upsides. Perhaps it could be better. Also, a compelling graphically designed share card might make it more fun for broader use. The long length is somewhat of a safety mechanism that prevents people from memorizing with a quick glance. Also, it discourages overhasty use much like freezing a credit card.
6. I kept the codes in a format that would be easy to write as well as read over the phone. I used a simple character set that avoids ambiguities like "O" vs "0". One additional strategy could be to embed the share as a QR code or something similar. I didn't pursue this approach in favor of simplicity, but this could be an option.
7. Really paranoid people might want to back up their encrypted file to paper. This is possible, but I'm not sure if it should belong inside the program itself.
8. It'd be good to have suggestions on how to exchange shares or perhaps borrow ideas from PGP key signing parties. I suspect that if secret splitting were to become popular, then "web of trust" scenarios would naturally occur (i.e. "I'll hold your secret share if you hold mine").
9. It'd be fun to compile a list of non-obvious uses for SecretSplitter to share with others. For example, it could make for interesting scavenger hunt clues.
If you'd like to donate your time to any of the above ideas, I'd encourage you to just give it a go. You don't have to ask for my permission but it would be nice if you posted your results somewhere or left a comment to this post. You can use my code for whatever purpose you'd like. My only hope is that you might get some benefit out of it.
SecretSplitter is just a tool that gives another option for backing up very sensitive information by splitting it up into pieces. It's not a full solution, only a tool. By relying on people I trust instead of a third-party company, it helped me remove one excuse I had for not preparing somewhat unpleasant but important documents that we should all probably have. I still don't have this all figured out, but writing SecretSplitter help me get started.
If you're young, don't have any minor children, and don't care at all what happens to your stuff, then you could run some mental actuarial model and convince yourself that the probability of you or your survivors needing these documents or password recovery procedure anytime soon is low, but you're not given any guarantees.
At the very least, it's a good idea to make sure all of your financial assets and life insurance policies have a named beneficiary and at perhaps at least one alternate. You can also declare things like organ donor preferences on your driver's license instead of making declarations in other documents. It's also a good idea to have an "ICE" entry in your cell phone. However, going the extra step and making very basic final documents doesn't require that much more work. Besides, once you have baseline documents, keeping them fresh is just a matter of occasional updates due to life events.
The increasing digitization of our lives means that more personal things will only be stored digitally. From our journals to email to videos to health records, all of this will eventually only exist digitally and likely hidden behind passwords. This future needs some safety net for backing up sensitive things in a safe and accessible way.
Everything doesn't need to be backed up. There are also lots of files, usernames and passwords that don't really matter. Don't include those. SecretSplitter was built with the assumption that everything that really mattered could be stored in a file small enough to email to others. This helps focus and pare down to what really matters.
It's also good to have a healthy dose of common sense. Instead of holding out a secret until after your death, maybe you should get that resolved today. You'll probably live better. My general view is that these final "secrets" should be mostly boring by just containing account details and credentials.
Finally, on a more personal level, I think it's healthy to be reminded about our own mortality at least once every year or so. It's a helpful reminder of how much a gift every day is and helps focus what we do and not worry about things that don't matter.
If a little bit of fancy math can help you sleep better at night, well then, I'd consider it a success.
Special thanks to B. Poettering for creating the original ssss program and allowing me to clone its format.


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Vietnam, Globalization and Grimsby
By Mark Kent, British Ambassador to Vietnam
Just back from two weeks in the U.K., where I attended the annual conference of British ambassadors and visited several U.K. cities with the Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs deputy spokesperson, Mrs Nga, and three journalists, Linh, Diand Duc
A great experience with lots of cultural insights from the first moment of struggling with suitcases on the packed, but silent, London tube at rush hour. As one of the journalists commented, such silence would have been unthinkable in Vietnam
Main impressions? That the global economy will be the overriding priority for my work this year. Unsurprising you may think, but promoting commercial opportunities and free trade will be important for both Vietnam and U.K. given that we are both essentially trading nations who depend on open markets for our prosperity.
Much of my time in London, and elsewhere, was spent talking to British business about their current prospects in Vietnam. There was a pleasing amount of interest as I think most businesses realize the medium and long-term potential here, even if there will be short-term difficulties like most other places, including in the U.K.
And that was my second big impression that in a globalized world there are interconnections everywhere, irrespective of location. I was a bit surprised, but perhaps should not have been, by the number of academics I met on my trip with an interest in Vietnam. And they had the widest areas of interest gerontology (ageing apparently), microbiology, agrarian and social science, medicine, law and business studies, as well as a large number with an interest in Southeast Asian studies. This spanned a number of cities London (where I met a group of lecturers from around the country), Oxford, Sheffield and Grimsby.
In Oxford, a new Vietnam-U.K. academic network was launched I attended the launch with my counterpart, Ambassador Hoan. One interesting thing was the number of students living in the U.K. who had one or two Vietnamese parents and who are now trying to strengthen their links with Vietnam. In some cases this meant attempting to regain fluency in Vietnamese. We saw also in Hackney (a London borough) how the local Vietnamese community had organized community schools to teach their young children Vietnamese.
And Grimsby, too, was great. Now I guess that anyone who reads this is likely to be an international expatriate who may not have heard of Grimsby. Certainly I was asked by a few people in the U.K. (some of who should have known better) why we were visiting Grimsby.
Grimsby and the surrounding region is one of the most important sites for ports, seafood and food processing in Europe. As such it has much in common with, and much to offer, Vietnam. My colleagues were very impressed with the fishing heritage museum. We were received with typical hospitality by local business and the Humber Seafood Institute. And we even had a fish and chip lunch before watching Grimsby Town (the Mariners) beat Aldershot 1-0. An important step in their battle for football league survival.
I last watched them 27 years ago, standing next to my grandfather when they were on the verge of entering the old First Division (now the Premier League). I was presented with a shirt signed by the team, which I plan to hang next to the team photo in the Embassy. In return we gave them a Vietnam shirt.
And so back to Hanoi to try to put the business cards and leads in order and organize follow ups. I learn that we are likely to have a visit to Vietnam by a Premier League team in May (watch out for more news). And my son is taking plans forward to study at a Vietnamese university here in Hanoi. Globalization isnt just a one-way street.
Source: VietnewsOnline
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Assurance® ComforTred® Touring: Comparison of industry data for T, H & V speed-rated tires versus Goodyear Assurance ComforTred Touring. Standard Goodyear Internal Ride test-P215/60R16, 2008 Toyota Camry LE V6 railroad track at 35 mph vs. Michelin Primacy MXv4.
Assurance® CS Fuel Max®: 2,600 miles/4,000 kilometers based on a 4% fuel economy improvement, on 65,000 Mile/105,000 Kilometer Tread Life Limited Warranty, 245/65R17 size as compared to the Goodyear Fortera® SilentArmor® tire tested on P245/65R17 size – 2005 Honda Pilot EX. Actual results may vary based on when tires are replaced, driving and road conditions, and proper tire maintenance.
Assurance® Fuel Max®: 2,600 miles/4,000 kilometers based on a 4% fuel economy improvement, on 65,000 mile/105,000 kilometer Tread Life Limited Warranty, as compared to the standard Goodyear Assurance® tire tested on P195/65R15 size – 2008 Honda Civic. Actual results may vary based on when tires are replaced, driving and road conditions, and proper tire care maintenance.
Cargo Vector 2: Property damage, serious injury, or death may result from tire failure due to under inflation/overloading/misapplication. Follow the vehicle's owner's manual or tire placard in the vehicle for proper tire size and load carrying capacity.
Eagle F1 Asymmetric 2: Based upon Goodyear Internal Vehicle Stopping Distance, Wet Skid Test on 225/45R17 tire versus the Bridgestone Potenza S-04 Pole Position.
Eagle F1 Asymmetric All-Season: Based upon Goodyear internal Ice Stopping Test on 225/45R17 tire versus Michelin Pilot Sport A/S Plus and Bridgestone RE970 Pole Position AS.
Ultra Grip Winter: In Goodyear's "Snow Stopping Distance Test," the Ultra Grip Winter tire stops on average 6 feet (1.8 meters) shorter on snow than the General Altimax Arctic 215/65R16 tire.


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So apparently this has been around for a while, though I admit I never knew about it. Yet another way in which Gmail is just excellent:
Good stuff.
Not sure since when Gmail is supporting the Shift key in certain situations, but I find it very useful. The following two examples work in the normal version of Gmail – not the basic HTML one, but the one with all features:
- Hold down the Shift key to select multiple messages at once. E.g. if you have 20 spam messages in a row in your inbox, checkbox-select only spam message 1 and 20 while holding down Shift... you'll find all messages in-between selected as well.
- Hold down Shift while clicking on a message to open it in a new window. This is especially useful if you want to reply something in your email which refers to another thread, requiring you to open multiple windows.
Hide comments


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… to our Goldilocks — he's just right!
One of the treats of the Thailand Open is the ATPers doing some Muay Thai. This year they had the suuuuuuuper pasty John Isner, Gilles Simon, and Robby Ginepri get into some silk shorts and spar for the photographers.
It's funny to see the martial artists turn Lilliputian next to Isner (they're up to his nipples!), but they can probably still kick his butt without breaking a sweat.
More: A few more pics of John, Gilles, and Robby after the cut…
(tip via Dennis; images via Getty)


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Dr. Dale Bredesen is internationally recognized as an expert in the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. He graduated from Caltech, then earned his MD from Duke University Medical Center in Durham, NC. He served as Chief Resident in Neurology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) before joining Nobel laureate Stanley Prusiner's laboratory at UCSF as an NIH Postdoctoral Fellow. He held faculty positions at UCSF, UCLA and the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Bredesen directed the Program on Aging at the Burnham Institute before coming to the Buck Institute in 1998 as its founding President and CEO. Dr Bredesen has mentored many, many physicians and PhD learners in his lab, presented over 300 papers, written over 200 peer reviewed papers written numerous book chapters and abstracts,, written several books including his recent the End of Alzheimer's: The first program to prevent and reverse cognitive decline, received numerous patents and honors. In addition, recently he has been interviewed on many television and radio shows including Dr Oz.
The uniform failure of recent drug trials in Alzheimer's disease has highlighted the critical need for a more accurate understanding of the fundamental nature of Alzheimer's disease. Dr. Bredesen's research has led to new insight that explains the erosion of memory seen in Alzheimer's disease, and has opened the door to a new therapeutic approach. He has found evidence that Alzheimer's disease stems from an imbalance in nerve cell signaling: in the normal brain, specific signals foster nerve connections and memory making, while balancing signals support memory breaking, allowing irrelevant information to be forgotten. But in Alzheimer's disease, the balance of these opposing signals is disturbed, nerve connections are suppressed, and memories are lost. This model is contrary to popular dogma that Alzheimer's is a disease of toxicity, caused by the accumulation of sticky plaques in the brain. Bredesen believes the amyloid beta peptide, the source of the plaques, has a normal function in the brain — promoting signals that allow some of the nerve connections to lapse. Thus the increase in the peptide that occurs in Alzheimer's disease shifts the memory-making vs. memory-breaking balance in favor of memory loss. This work has led to the identification of several new therapeutic candidates that are currently in pre-clinical trials.
Dr. Bredesen's novel insights into the fundamental nature of Alzheimer's disease recently attracted an investment of $3.5 million toward a $10 million goal for initial clinical trials of these new therapeutics. This generous support came from the private venture capitalist Douglas Rosenberg, who is helping to fund the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Network, centered at the Buck Institute. The unit is screening drug candidates to find those that can preserve a healthy balance in the signaling pathways that support memory. Dr. Bredesen's work on nerve cell signaling is also the focus of a collaboration between the Buck Institute and BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which is seeking treatments for a rare form of Alzheimer's disease, early onset Familial Alzheimer's Disease (eFAD), which may develop in people as young as 30 years of age.


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# Lecture Notes # [[Week1]] (13 Sept) Applications; Basics of Lambda Calculus; Comparing Different Languages # Still To Come # This is very sketchy at this point, but it should give a sense of our intended scope. ## More on the "pure" or untyped lambda calculus ## 1. Eta reduction and "extensionality" 1. Different evaluation strategies (call by name, call by value, etc.) 1. Strongly normalizing vs weakly normalizing vs non-normalizing; Church-Rosser Theorem(s) 1. Lambda calculus compared to combinatorial logic
1. Church-like encodings of numbers, defining addition and multiplication 1. Defining the predecessor function; alternate encodings for the numbers 1. Homogeneous sequences or "lists"; how they differ from pairs, triples, etc. 1. Representing lists as pairs 1. Representing lists as folds 1. Typical higher-order functions: map, filter, fold
1. Recursion exploiting the fold-like representation of numbers and lists ([[!wikipedia Deforestation (computer science)]], [[!wikipedia Zipper (data structure)]]) 1. General recursion using omega 1. The Y combinator(s); more on evaluation strategies
1. Introducing the notion of a "continuation", which technique we'll now already have used a few times ## Types ## 1. Product or record types, e.g. pairs and triples 2. Sum or variant types; tagged or "disjoint" unions 3. Maybe/option types; representing "out-of-band" values 4. Zero/bottom types 5. Unit type 6. Inductive types (numbers, lists) 7. "Pattern-matching" or type unpacking
8. The simply-typed lambda calculus
9. Parametric polymorphism, System F, "type inference"
10. [Phil/ling application] inner/outer domain semantics for positive free logic
11. [Phil/ling application] King vs Schiffer in King 2007, pp 103ff. [which paper?](http://rci.rutgers.edu/~jeffreck/pub.php) 12. [Phil/ling application] King and Pryor on that clauses, predicates vs singular property-designators 13. Possible excursion: [Frege's "On Concept and Object"](http://www.persiangig.com/pages/download/?dl=http://sahmir.persiangig.com/document/Frege%27s%20Articles/On%20Concept%20And%20object%20%28Jstore%29.pdf)
14. Curry-Howard isomorphism between simply-typed lambda and intuitionistic propositional logic
15. The types of continuations; continuations as first-class values 16. [Phil/ling application] Partee on whether NPs should be uniformly interpreted as generalized quantifiers, or instead "lifted" when necessary. Lifting = a CPS transform. 17. [Phil/ling application] Expletives
18. Some references: * [de Groote on the lambda-mu calculus in linguistics](http://www.loria.fr/%7Edegroote/papers/amsterdam01.pdf) * [on donkey anaphora and continuations](http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/sp.1.1) * [Wadler on symmetric sequent calculi](http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/papers/dual-reloaded/dual-reloaded.pdf) 19. Dependent types ## Side-effects and mutation ## 1. What difference imperativity makes 2. Monads we've already seen, and the "monadic laws" [computer science version: Wadler](http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/papers/marktoberdorf/baastad.pdf) 3. Side-effects in a purely functional setting, via monads 4. The basis of monads in category theory 5. Other interesting monads: reader monad, continuation monad
6. [Phil/ling application] Monsters and context-shifting, e.g. Gillies/von Fintel on "ifs" [not sure which paper] 7. Montague / Ben-avi and Winter, [A modular approach to intensionality](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdocsummary?doi=10.1.1.73.6927)
8. Passing by reference 9. [Phil/ling application] Fine and Pryor on "coordinated contents" (see, e.g., [Hyper-Evaluativity](http://www.jimpryor.net/research/papers/Hyper-Evaluativity.txt)) ## Continuations (continued) ## 1. Using CPS to handle abortive computations (think: presupposition failure, expressives) 2. Using CPS to do other handy things, e.g., coroutines 3. Making evaluation order explicit with continuations (could also be done earlier, but I think will be helpful to do after we've encountered mutation) 4. Delimited (quantifier scope) vs undelimited (expressives, presupposition) continuations 5. [Phil/ling application] [Barker/Shan on donkey anaphora](http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/sp.1.1) ## Preemptively parallel computing and linear logic ## 1. Basics of parallel programming: semaphores/mutexes 2. Contrasting "preemptive" parallelism to "cooperative" parallelism (coroutines, above) 3. Linear logic 4. [Phil/ling application] Barker on free choice, imperatives


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1966 Chevelle Drag Car - Shop Project Car
This Wisconsin-based, Blown, Street-legal '66 Chevelle Runs 8.80s with Ease
Related Video
Question: What's purple, street-legal, licensed by the state of Wisconsin, and runs 8.52 at 159.5 mph on 93-octane pump gasoline?
Answer: Craig Shefchik's blown big-block '66 Chevelle Malibu!
Multi-faceted Craig Shefchik is renowned as one of the best paint and bodymen in the greater Green Bay area, and he is also rapidly becoming known as a master street and race car fabricator in his own right.
Of course, it only stands to reason that Craig practices what he preaches. And his recently completed '66 Chevelle Malibu is certainly proof of that.
Constructed at Craig's Luxenburg, Wisconsin-based shop, Shefchik Auto Body and Race Car Chassis, the Chevelle features a Shefchik-fabricated 16-point rollcage and back half constructed out of 4130 chromoly tubing. Attached to that is a Shefchik Race Car Chassis Pro Four Link-AFCO coilover shock rear suspension setup bolted to a 4.86:1 Strange Engineering-geared Miltner Brothers/Fab-9 Ford rear axle housing equipped with a set of Moser 36-spline rear axles and Aerospace Components rear disc brakes.
Front suspension on Craig's Chevelle consists of Global West upper and lower tubular unequal-length control arms along with a pair of 2-inch Belltech dropped front spindles, HAL QA1 coilover shocks, and Strange Engineering front disc brakes. Steering is handled via a Flaming River rack-and-pinion steering rack attached to a Shefchik-fabricated steering column. Also on board is a custom-fabricated Shefchik fuel cell housed in an aluminum trunk enclosure along with dual Optima batteries and a Pro Star fuel pump.
Wheels and tires on Craig's Chevelle come in the form of 15x5.5-inch front and 15x15-inch rear Aluma Star wheels rolling on 26x4.5x15 and 33x22x15.5-inch Hoosier rubber front and rear.
Credit for the machining and co-assembly of that outrageous 572-cid Donovan aluminum big-block Chevrolet goes to Neenah, Wisconsin's, Competition Specialists. Internally, the big-block utilizes a Lunati cross-drilled forged-steel blower crank, a set of Clevite engine bearings, Oliver H-beam connecting rods outfitted with ARP cap-screw rod bolts, and a set of Total Seal-equipped 8.5:1-compression JE forged-aluminum pistons. The cam of choice is a Crower. Cam timing is set via a Jesel beltdrive, and lubrication duties are handled by a Tilton oil pump and a 7.5-quart Jeff's Billet oil pan. Also on board is a CSI electric water pump. The heads are Goodwin Competition-prepared Brodix BB-III's outfitted with a 2.30-inch Manley stainless-steel intake and 1.92-inch Manley stainless-steel exhaust valves along with a Donovan stud kit and Crower and Manton valvetrain hardware.
Bolted up top is a Mert Littlefield 14.71 blower pumping 13 pounds of boost using an Enderle Bird Catcher scoop. The engine management system on Craig's Chevelle is from the folks at Fuel Air Spark Technologies (F.A.S.T.), while ignition duties are handled by MSD and NGK. A set of 2 3/8 to 2 1/2-inch Shefchik Race Car headers and Dyno Max 5-inch performance mufflers handle the exhaust. Backing this up is a Transmission Specialties Incorporated TH400 featuring a Cheetah shifter and valvebody. The final link in the '66's powertrain is a Jerry Bickel Race Cars custom-fabricated driveshaft.
Craig lightened up the Chevelle's body with a set of Glass Tech fiberglass front fenders. The Chevelle (painted in PPG Global Purple with clearcoat) runs hoodless in order to show off that awesome big-block and trick Shefchik Race Cars interior aluminum. The Chevelle also features a neat rear deck wing (partially concealing a Simpson parachute) attached to the removable one-piece rear deck lid.
Inside, Craig's '66 features even more trick aluminum panel work painted silver and purple. The car uses a set of lightweight Cobra bucket seats, a custom dash containing an array of Auto Meter instruments, and Simpson Safety Equipment.
Weighing in at 3,350 pounds, Shefchik's Chevelle has clocked a best of 8.81-152.00 at Wisconsin International Raceway (a.k.a. Kaukauna Drag Way), and has won numerous awards at Street-driven events. In closing, Craig would like to thank his friend Glen Perleberg, his wife Sandy, and his sons Alex, Jordan, and Logan for all their help and support in building this truly awesome machine.
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text: Police across Europe conducted raids on Tuesday against ISPs and private individuals to collect evidence against several websites suspected of offering content to file-sharing networks without permission of the copyright holder."The action is still ongoing," said Jean-Marc Meilleur, spokesman for the Belgian Prosecutor's Office. "We are planning to give some information tomorrow morning."At the request of Belgian authorities, Swedish police conducted a total of seven raids on Tuesday, including ones in Malmo, Esl\u00f6v, Ume\u00e5 and at two places in Eskilstuna and around Stockholm, said Fredrik Ingblad, senior public prosecutor for the Swedish Prosecution Authority. Other raids were conducted in Norway, Belgium, Britain, Germany and Italy,according to a press release from Swedish prosecutors.The raids were in connection with several websites, or Warez sites, that enable file sharing of material without proper permission, Ingblad said. Four suspects in Sweden were interrogated but later released, he said.The action comes just shortly after Swedish authorities conducted a series of raids over the last two weeks related to file sharing using the Direct Connect protocol. At least 20 other cases related to file sharing are under investigation. Sweden has stepped up its efforts to stop file sharing, including prosecuting four men related to the Pirate Bay search engine, which enabled users to find content shared using the BitTorrent protocol.Computer equipment was confiscated at some sites, including at Ume\u00e5 University and several private residences, Ingblad said. Police also visited the ISPs Phomera and PRQ."The sole purpose of the raids is to get information about IP addresses," he said.Internet Protocol addresses can be used to find out the general area of where a server is located and what hosting provider provides the connectivity to that machine. ISPs can connect that address with the actual person who holds an account on the ISP network, which is not necessarily the same person when the illegal activity occurred on the computer.Entertainment companies have often turned to the courts in order to force ISPs to reveal the subscriber information and file lawsuits against them.Ingblad said Swedish authorities have no plans to start an investigation and the seized equipment will be turned over to Belgium authorities.The raids were first reported on Tuesday by TorrentFreak, a blog that tracks file-sharing issues.Send news tips and comments to firstname.lastname@example.com


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Invisalign Dentist in Foggy Bottom
There are many options available for straightening your teeth in the Foggy Bottom area, but none match the quality and convenience of Invisalign invisible braces. When people think of the word braces, they picture clunky, painful pieces of metal attached to their teeth and cringe when they picture wearing them for the coming months. Invisalign, however, is an alternative to the standard metal braces.
Invisalign treatment uses a series of clear, plastic aligners that fit to your teeth and slowly shift your teeth into a straighter position over time. More and more patients are choosing Invisalign over regular metal braces for their more attractive appearance, increased comfort, and fasterresults.
CNS Dental is proud to offer Invisalign services in Foggy Bottom and the surrounding areas. Using iTero intraoral scanning technology, we make the Invisalign treatment process as comfortable and seamless as possible and allow our patients to see the results of their checkups almost immediately.
How Does Invisalign Work?
Invisalign aligners, made from smooth and comfortable thermoplastic material, are custom-designed to fit your teeth and push certain teeth into place at each stage of treatment. Before you start Invisalign treatment, your dentist will take impressions of your teeth by using impression putty or by using a digital scanner. CNS Dental is proud to use iTero scanning technology to make digital scans of our patients' teeth for better accuracy and much faster turnaround for results.
These scans are then sent to Invisalign, where their experts will develop a digital model of your teeth and create a plan for straightening your teeth over time through wearing a series of aligners Your dentist will then review this plan with you and show you what you can expect your teeth to look like at the end of the Invisalign treatment, allowing you to envision the end goal even before you start treatment. Once you agree to the plan, your custom aligners are created to perfectly match your mouth. You wear each set of aligners for two weeks, then switch to the next set and repeat until treatment is finished.
The Benefits of Invisalign
Perhaps one of the biggest benefits of Invisalign braces for many patients in Foggy Bottom and the surrounding areas is their appearance. If you don't like the way regular braces look, this may take away from your self-confidence, which can really affect your day-to-day life. With Invisalign, you don't have to feel self-conscious while wearing braces. Invisalign aligners are clear and look almost invisible as you're wearing them, leaving nothing but your bright smile for others to admire.
Invisalign braces are much more comfortable and less invasive than regular braces. Invisalign has no bands, screws, or metal rods that you would find in regular braces. This means little discomfort and no pain. Invisalign braces are also removable, giving you the freedom to take them off to brush your teeth and eat all the foods you usually enjoy.
iTero Intraoral Scanning Technology
Our state-of-the-art office is proud to use iTero intraoral scanning technology to assist with our Invisalign services. Our dentists at CNS Dental use iTero to take digital impressions of your teeth before you start Invisalign treatment. Normally, impressions are taken by having the patient bite down onto a tray filled with putty, and many patients find this uncomfortable. iTero, on the other hand, digitally scans a patient's teeth without the need for putty. iTero often produces much more accurate impressions than putty, which leads to a better-fitting set of braces and less need to make adjustments.
With iTero, you can receive the results of your scan within 48 hours, much faster than with other technologies. This will allow you to see how your teeth continue to straighten almost immediately after each checkup instead of with standard braces, where you're left guessing how your smile is improving until the braces are removed.
The quick turnaround and accuracy of iTero intraoral scanning paired with the comfort and convenience of Invisalign braces make straightening your teeth with Invisalign a very appealing option in the Foggy Bottom area.
Choose CNS Dental as Your Invisalign Provider!
At CNS Dental, we believe going to the dentist should be as comfortable as possible. In our office, we offer a relaxing setting while using state-of-the-art technology to ensure accuracy and a quick turnaround for data and results. Dr. Cara Schantz and the rest of her staff are all experienced, professional, and compassionate. We treat each patient like family and are dedicated to helping you love your smile.
If you're searching for an Invisalign provider near Foggy Bottom, CNS Dental can make the entire treatment experience as smooth as possible. Learn more about how Invisalign works at invisalign.com or contact CNS Dental at (703) 304-3881 to schedule a consultation and see if Invisalign is right for you!
Schedule Your Appointment Today!
Our office hours are as follows:
Monday: 10:30 AM – 7 PM
Tuesday: 7 AM – 3:30 PM
Wednesday: 8 AM – 5 PM
Thursday: 8 AM – 5 PM
Friday: 7 AM – 2 PM
Saturday: By Appointment