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No relief for crowded schools
Despite using every nook and cranny available, Swain County schools are still struggling to track down classroom space for its exploding student population.
The number of students at Swain County High School has shot up so dramatically that the school has outgrown its auditorium and must now hold two assemblies instead of one on every occasion.
"That's a time issue, and sometimes, a money issue," said Regina Mathis, principal of Swain County High, which often has to pay speakers double the price.
In the 2002-2003 school year, 1,679 students attended the county's schools. By 2008-2009, that number that had grown to 1,840.
Swain County High School shows the biggest rise in students, with an increase of 110 students in the last six years.
The high school has tried to accommodate that growth by asking four teachers to share classroom space. It has converted an auto mechanics classroom into a regular classroom, even using the hallway that leads up to the room as lab space, and transformed an equipment storage room next to the gymnasium into a small classroom.
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What used to be a student lounge with couches is now office space for support staff. Where chorus students formerly practiced singing, history classes have taken their place.
One math teacher and his students must trek out to a doublewide from the school each day, cutting time spent in class.
"That's a little inconvenient for kids if it's raining," said Mathis.
And the problem is not limited to just the high school. Elementary schools in Swain have even held art and music classes on stages in the past.
Running out of time
The problem is not new. A committee was formed to assess building needs in January 2007, and several solutions have been discussed. But with little funding to implement the solutions, Swain schools have been left struggling.
In 2009, Swain County qualified for a federal school bond program that gives lenders a tax break for funding school construction. But the county has been unable to lock down any lenders so far, County Manager Kevin King said.
According to the committee's plans, Swain West Elementary will ideally be first to get new classrooms. Next in line would be Swain East Elementary.
The committee's plans also call for a new $25 to $30 million high school to be built on a 50-acre tract the county purchased a few years ago for that purpose near the current high school site.
Meanwhile, the middle school would be cut down to only seventh and eighth grades and move into the old high school. The old middle school could then become a third elementary school for the county.
Mathis said the committee has looked at installing $1 million or $2 million additions, but such small expansions would only be a stopgap measure.
"Why put that in if we're going to have $25 million for a new high school?" asked Mathis. "Sure, I'd love to have more classrooms, but in the long run, it doesn't make sense."
Sam Pattillo, facilities director for Swain County's schools, said this is only a preliminary plan, however, not something that's been set in stone.
"It's a start for discussion," said Pattillo.
King pointed out that building the high school alone might result in a whopping 15 cent tax increase to cover $1.9 million each year in bond payments.
Rather than employ a piecemeal approach right now, King recommends tackling the entire problem in 2018, when the school system's current debt of about $900,000 will be mostly paid off.
"It's not attainable right now," said King. "If it's not attainable, then there's really no need to pursue it."
But Mathis said eight years might be a long time to wait.
"Looking over the last eight years, we've grown 27 percent," said Mathis. "What if within the next eight years, we grow 27 more?"
The county will soon begin reaping dividends from the North Shore Road cash settlement. At a minimum, the county will receive around $800,000 a year in interest, and it could grow much larger if the federal government follows through on paying the full settlement it has promised.
The interest off the cash settlement fund could potentially be set aside for school construction.
But school board member Jerry McKinney said he's concerned about tying up the North Shore money in a reoccurring expense like bond payments.
"I'd rather see other ways of funding construction needs," said McKinney. "But education should get the lion's share [of the settlement], I believe."
Other options for getting the new high school built before 2018 include holding a bond referendum to ask the people whether they'd support a tax increase to build the high school. It's doubtful that such a major tax increase would pass in Swain or anywhere else, however.
McKinney, who is running for county commissioner, said having such a small tax base in Swain always poses a challenge for school funding.
But McKinney understands space needs in Swain County schools are a pressing issue and new that facilities are necessary.
McKinney pointed out that Swain County still had the same number of gymnasiums it had when he was a boy.
"The old one at the middle school is 70 plus years old," said McKinney. "We keep renovating, we keep adding to it, trying to keep it up. Because of that there is a need in this community."


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The shame about being an American in which thoughtful Americans have been awash, especially during the Bush years, hit another new low with a military tactic that Glenn Greenwald describes at Salon on February 5.
In a just-released, richly documented report, the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, on behalf of the Sunday Times, documents that this is exactly what the U.S. is doing — and worse: The CIA's drone campaign in Pakistan has killed dozens of civilians who had gone to help rescue victims or were attending funerals, an investigation by the Bureau for the Sunday Times has revealed. …
A three month investigation including eye witness reports has found evidence that at least 50 civilians were killed in follow-up strikes when they had gone to help victims. More than 20 civilians have also been attacked in deliberate strikes on funerals and mourners. The tactics have been condemned by leading legal experts.
Sounds familiar, doesn't it? Remember the wellspring of Wikileaks? Greenwald reminds us:
… recall the worst part of the Baghdad attack video released by WikiLeaks: that the Apache helicopter first fired on the group containing Reuters journalists, then fired again on the people who arrived to help wounded.
Also, of course, suicide bombers were regularly dispatched in similar sequential patterns in Iraq and by the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan. When Hamas engaged in this diabolical practice, Homeland Security, Greenwald writes, dubbed it the "double tap." In other words, it's a tried and true terrorist technique.
As during the Bush years, the Obama administration seems to be doing its level best to obliterate the distinction between terrorism and counterterrorism. Guess the moral high ground is shrouded in mist and clouds. Out of sight, out of mind: no one wants to occupy it any more.

subset: commoncrawl


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George Rebane
The 14dec12 Newtown shootings have raised two distinct issues in the public mind – 1) how to protect kids in school against rogue shooters, and 2) how to quickly politicize public passions and focus them on the progressives' long term program to disarm America. My 17dec12 post 'Fire! Ready, Aim – Panic-driven Public Policy' invited discussion of WHEN and HOW we should proceed to find solutions to protecting kids in school, and admonished the rush to agenda driven 'solutions' before we knew the results of the massive investigation now underway in Newtown.
Few commenters cared to wait, and all wanted a rush to judgment which it appeared that each was also enthusiastic to lead. The predictable divisions emerged instantly and almost all the 'solutions' offered contained no substantive reasoning to buttress them. It was again sloganeering time, and all the old ones were hauled out, dusted off, and shouted across the ideological barricades.
No one even offered an objective (or utility function) that would at least frame a reasonable discussion. To the simpletons it was simple, don't we want to save school kids' lives? What in hell is complicated about that?! And since guns were used for the killings, make it impossible for everyone including killers to get guns. And what in hell is complicated about that?!
More reasoned voices counseled us to make haste slowly , and at least wait until we find out what led to the Newtown massacre. (Taleb's 'procrastination promotes antifragility' which I'll cover soon, cf Antifragile - Things that gain from disorder) But louder voices – led by our President and New York's Bloomberg – advised proceeding in the heat of public passions lest they cool and let another crisis go to waste.
Enter the NRA, after letting some of the dust settle, to propose the installment of armed security personnel at all schools. My own contribution was to achieve that security through arming of selected existing school staff, and augment through use of volunteer CCW permit holders from the community. Such solutions brought out nationwide howls from the country's leftwing that were appropriately amplified by the lamestream.
In spite of today's 'Fire!, Ready, Aim' approach, we hear of more concerned heads taking appropriate actions to provide for the health and safety of their community's school children. Marlboro Township in New Jersey has adopted the NRA approach and will station armed security in their schools. Also it turns out that other school districts in saner states already have armed school staff (teachers and administrators) on duty in their schools. Here's an AP report on a Texas town that is concerned beyond national demagoguery about their kids' safety. Things could be looking up, if we let them.
So, the purpose of this post is to dedicate a forum in its comment stream for discussing solutions to halt/reduce the incidence of school shootings, or more comprehensively, to school killings. And for those discussants whose intellect and temperament allows, I offer a simple objective or utility function – minimize the expected rate of K-12 kids being killed while attending school. Considering the last twelve years, that death rate is somewhere around 130/12 or 10.8 kids per year (data here).
A taxonomy of solution categories may be structured as follows –
1. Increase National Gun Control/Confiscation
2. Provide additional armed security at/on school facilities
2.1. NRA approach – hired armed guards in schools
2.2. Israeli approach – armed school staffers
2.3. Rebane approach – volunteer CCW permit holders and Israeli approach
3. Revise mental disorder laws to allow early interdiction of potential rogue shooters
4. Various combinations of above categories
5. Don't address the problem and just vilify other solutions and the people who present or support them. (This is really not a 'solution category' but an inevitable 'response category'.)
[29dec12 update] Physician and lawyer Dr Robert Bernat writes in today's WSJ a sober piece titled 'A Reluctant Vote in Favor of Armed School Guards' wherein he observes that "Only one of the proposed responses to the Sandy Hook attack promises to have an immediate, positive effect." Worth a read, especially by our liberal readers.
[14jan13 update] As the White House now becomes the architect of the insanely ineffective gun control proposals being aired by the Left, here's some sanity from, of all places, Cal Fire News entitled 'How many kids have been killed by school fire?'


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Until we can understand the assumptions in which we are drenched we cannot know ourselves.Adrienne Rich
Lesbian existence comprises both the breaking of a taboo and the rejection of a compulsory way of life. It is also a direct or indirect attack on the male right of access to women.Adrienne Rich
The serious revolutionary, like the serious artist, can't afford to lead a sentimental or self-deceiving life.Adrienne Rich
Heterosexuality has been forcibly and subliminally imposed on women. Yet everywhere women have resisted it, often at the cost of physical torture, imprisonment, psychosurgery, social ostracism, and extreme poverty.Adrienne Rich


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AIPAC Policy Conference 2012: GOP Hopefuls to Focus on Iran on Super Tuesday
Iran will likely be the most-discussed issue at the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) Policy Conference in the next few days, where three of the four remaining candidates for the Republican presidential nomination will give prominent speeches the morning of Super Tuesday.
Newt Gingrich, Mitt Romney, and Rick Santorum support pre-emptive action to destroy Iran's nuclear program, and they claim Democratic President Barack Obama has not done enough to prevent the country from potentially attacking both Israel and the United States.
Iran denies it has a nuclear-weapons development program, but several nations in the international community believe the country is lying.
Ron Paul, the odd man out on this issue, believes the U.S. military should not attack Iran. AIPAC refused to invite Paul to its conference because of his record of voting against assistance for Israel, according to the Jewish Telegraphic Agency.
One of the biggest events at the pro-Israel conference comes as tensions between the United States and Iran have increased. Obama and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu have yet to announce an official agreement on how to respond to threats by one of Israel's biggest enemies -- and the possibility that it has nuclear weapons. The Obama and Netanyahu administrations plan to meet before Netanyahu's AIPAC speech Monday night, when Iran will likely be atop the agenda.
In addition, thousands of people are descending on Capitol Hill for the three-day conference from Sunday to Tuesday to lobby for financial and military aid to Israel amid Iran's nuclear threat.
Obama has always had a strong base of Jewish support. After his speech at the AIPAC conference last year, a Gallup poll found the president had an 86 percent approval rating among American Jews, a rating that dipped and spiked again after the killing of Osama bin Laden in May. Jewish support has since wavered because of the state of the economy, Bloomberg reported last October. No reliable poll has revealed how Jewish voters feel about Obama in more-recent months.
For the three GOP hopefuls, however, the massive pro-Israel convention is about more than just winning over Jewish voters.
The speech at AIPAC isn't about the 13,000 people in the room. It's about the millions of Americans who will see the press coverage of the speeches, said Jennifer Mizrahi, president of the nonprofit Israel Project, a pro-Israel advocacy group that studies Israel's image in the media.
Iran will be the cornerstone of their speeches, Mizrahi said, and the three GOP candidates have no shortage of words on the matter.
At a campaign stop in Iowa last December, Romney said Iran was Israel's greatest threat. I don't trust the ayatollahs, I don't trust [Mahmoud] Ahmadinejad, Romney said of the Iranian president, according to ABC News. I will do everything in my power to assure that Iran doesn't become a nuclear nation [and] threaten Israel, threaten us, and threaten the entire world. In a November op-ed piece published in The Wall Street journal, the GOP hopeful wrote, If you want peace, prepare for war.
Similarly, at the Republican presidential-candidates' debate last Dec. 15 in Sioux City, Iowa, Santorum said the United States should work with Israel on covert activity and planning a military strike. Iran is not any other country, he said. It is a country that is ruled by the equivalent of al-Qaida on top of this country. They are a radical theocracy.
Of all the candidates, Gingrich has had the strongest rhetoric about Israel. His statement that Palestinians were an invented people drew fire. Concerning Iran, he most recently said on Fox News that the country should expect to get hit if he were to become president.
Gingrich wants to present himself not as a pro-Israel candidate but as the most pro-Israel candidate. Aaron Sebag, an aide working on Jewish outreach for Gingrich in Texas, said the former speaker of the U.S House of Representatives hopes to climb ahead of Santorum in national polls after Super Tuesday and thus re-establish himself as the anti-Romney candidate, partially by attacking Santorum on his Israel policy.
I don't think Santorum is putting enough pressure on Hamas, Sebag said, adding, I don't think he understands the facts on the ground.
Sheldon Adelson, a staunch pro-Israel conservative, has poured millions of dollars into a Super PAC that supports Gingrich. Sebag said Gingrich's campaign hopes to find prospective donors at AIPAC, especially in states with impending primaries.
(A Super PAC is a political action committee that, since the U.S. Supreme Court's controversial Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission decision in 2010, is allowed to accept unlimited donations from individuals and corporations, but is legally barred from coordinating with any candidate's campaign.)
Because the candidates are campaigning in different states, they will speak at the conference by satellite. Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) and Senator Johnny Isakson (R-GA) will also be speaking Tuesday morning.
Obama appears to be concerned about Republican attacks on his leadership, and the White House has adopted an aggressive tone ahead of the AIPAC conference. In an interview with The Atlantic published online Friday, Obama said, [A]ll options are on the table with respect to Iran and that military action could be a last resort. Although Obama said in the interview that diplomacy and sanctions have been effective, Netanyahu warned against running into talks with Iran without getting the country to end to its nuclear program beforehand.
Also in association with the AIPAC conference, the Democratic National Committee released an ad with a clip of Netanyahu praising Obama last May for backing words of support for Israel with deeds, which CNN correspondent Jessica Yellin described as an attempt at pre-butting any Republican attacks on the president's position on Israel.
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[304 U.S. 375, 376] Messrs. Homer S. Cummings, Atty. Gen., and Oswald Ryan, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Messrs. Walter Biddle Saul, of Philadelphia, Pa., and Edward F. Huber, of New York City, for respondents.
Mr. Chief Justice HUGHES delivered the opinion of the Court.
On January 6, 1936, the Federal Power Commission instituted an investigation to determine the 'conditions, practices, and matters regarding the ownership, operation, management, and control' of the respondent corpora- [304 U.S. 375, 377] tions. The order directed respondents to file with the Commission copies of contracts and statements of working arrng ements between respondents and persons controlling them, and statements of charges on respondents' books for 1934 and 1935 representing payments made and obligations incurred to such persons. Respondents were also directed to make their books, records, etc., available for examination by the Commission's representatives. The investigation was instituted on representations of the Governor and Public Service Commission of Pennsylvania.
Respondents challenged the jurisdiction of the Commission to make the order, and, reserving their right to question its legality, they furnished various data and information. Following an examination of the books and records of respondents, the Commission's examiners submitted a report on December 10, 1936
Thereupon the Commission on January 26, 1937, made an order providing that a hearing should be held on March 3, 1937. The order recited that the respondents had reported charges appearing upon their books which represented payments made and obligations incurred to named persons as (a) 'conceded affiliates' and (b) 'not conceded affiliates,' respectively; that the examination of the books and records of respondents and of admitted affiliates disclosed transactions between respondents and additional named persons, and that the accounting representatives of the Commission had submitted a report indicating that certain named persons 'control respondents, or are controlled by the same persons which control respondents.' The order then directed respondents to appear at the hearing, as stated, and to present information bearing upon the question of control and specifically showing (1) their form of organization, respectively, (2) their articles of incorporation, partnership agreements or other documents of organi- [304 U.S. 375, 378] zation, (3) the names and addresses of partners, directors, officers, trustees and agents, (4) the ownership held by such persons 'in or over any other person named above,' as well as the manner by which such ownership was maintained, and (5) such other data as might from time to time be required by the Commission. The order further directed that a copy of the report prepared by the accounting representatives of the Commission should be served on each person named, and the Commission gave notice that the hearing would be had by the Commission sitting jointly with the Public Service Commission of Pennsylvania. See Federal Power Act, 209(b), as amended by Act Aug. 26, 1935, 213, 49 Stat. 853, 16 U.S.C.A. 824h(b).
Respondents then filed with the Commission a petition for rehearing as to the order of January 26, 1937, asking for the vacating of that order and the termination of the proceeding initiated by the order of January 6, 1936. Respondents contended that the Commission lacked jurisdiction to conduct an investigation concerning the propriety of contracts and working arrangements between respondents and third persons, and, in particular, (1) that the Commission was without power to investigate for the purpose of supplying information to a state commission for use in local proceedings for violations of local law, and, (2) that as to three of the respondents the Commission was without jurisdiction of their persons because they were not 'public utilities' as defined in the Federal Power Act.
The Commission thereupon adjourned without day the hearing directed by the order of January 26, 1937. Later, the Commission granted the petition for rehearing and assigned 'the matters involved' for hearing on April 14, 1937. Respondents then appeared and introduced evidence tending to support their objections to the Commission's jurisdiction. The Commission's counsel then in- [304 U.S. 375, 379] troduced evidence on its behalf. Respondents objected to its admissibility upon the ground that it was immaterial to the issues presented by the petition for rehearing. Their objection was overruled and respondents then asked the examiner to certify to the Commission the request to define the issues to be determined on the petition for rehearig and to instruct its representatives that no evidence in furtherance of the orders of January 6, 1936, and January 26, 1937, be introduced. The examiner refused and respondents then presented a like request to the Commission, which was denied on April 20, 1937, for the reason that its rules of practice did not provide for that method 'of interim review of the examiner's rulings.' Upon remand to the examiner, he again ruled against respondents, stating that their rights could 'be amply protected by the usual method of exceptions' and argument thereon.
Respondents then presented, on April 21, 1937, to the Circuit Court of Appeals a petition asking for a rule to show cause why the Commission should not be restrained from taking any steps in furtherance of the inquiry under the orders of January 6, 1936, or of January 26, 1937, until the petition for rehearing had been disposed of, and from introducing any evidence except that which was relevant to the questions raised by the petition for rehearing. The Circuit Court of Appeals, on July 6, 1937, issued the rule to show cause, as prayed, returnable on October 4, 1937, and on September 7, 1937, granted a temporary stay. The Commission made its return to the rule and asked for a dismissal of the petition. The Circuit Court of Appeals rendered its decision on January 27, 1938. Its decree remanded the case to the Commission 'for determination in accordance with the opinion' of the court and restrained the Commission 'from proceeding with its proposed inquiry and investigation in [304 U.S. 375, 380] accordance with its two orders of January 6, 1936, and January 26, 1937, until the questions raised in the petition for rehearing are determined by it.'
In its opinion the court stated that the only issues of fact raised by the petition for rehearing and the evidence of the respondents were that three of the respondents were not 'public utilities' as defined by the Federal Power Act and that the purpose of the investigation was to supply information to the Pennsylvania Commission for use in local proceedings designed to impose penalties under the state law. 3 Cir., 94 F. 2d 943, 945. The court said (page 946):
First.-There was no order of the Commission before the Circuit Court of Appeals for review. Apart from the question whether the order of January 6, 1936, or that of January 26, 1937, can be regarded as reviewable, no application for such a review had been made.
The provision conferring appellate jurisdiction on the Circuit Court of Appeals i r elation to orders of the Federal Power Commission is found in section 313 of the Federal Power Act, as amended by the Act of August 26, 1935, c. 687, 213, 49 Stat. 860, 861, 16 U.S.C.A. 825l. 1 Section 313(a) provides [304 U.S. 375, 382] that any person aggrieved by an order of the Commission may apply for a rehearing within thirty days after its issuance and that no proceeding to review any order of the Commission shall be brought unless there has been an application for a rehearing thereon.
Respondents say that under this provision they could not ask review of the order of January 26, 1937, until they had sought a rehearing. They did seek a rehearing and it was granted N o appeal from the order granting it would lie and none was attempted. Respondents do not contend that there was any appeal from an order, or any application for a review of an order, pending before the Circuit Court of Appeals. On the contrary, respondents say that the Commission 'has never passed upon [304 U.S. 375, 383] the objections raised in respondents' petition for rehearing with respect to the order of January 26, 1937'; that 'concededly, the minute of the Commission granting a rehearing did not purport to decide the objections raised in the petition for rehearing'; and that 'until the Commission has made an order determining those objections, respondents will not be in a position to perfect an appeal to the Circuit Court of Appeals should the Commission's determination make that necessary.'
Second.-Respondents seek to sustain the action of the Circuit Court of Appeals by virtue of the authority conferred by section 262 of the Judicial Code, 28 U.S.C.A. 377, which provides that the federal courts shall have power 'to issue all writs not specifically provided for by statute, which may be necessary for the exercise of their respective jurisdictions, and agreeable to the usages and principles of law.' The argument is that the Circuit Court of Appeals could intervene to protect its prospective appellate jurisdiction. We are of the opinion that this contention is unsound and that the Circuit Court of Appeals in the circumstances disclosed had no appellate jurisdiction to protect.
The argument proceeds on the view that the order of January 26, 1937, despite its preliminary character, was a reviewable order subject only to the requirement that an application for rehearing should first be made. Reliance is placed on section 313(b) of the Federal Power Act that 'Any party to a proceeding under this Act (chapter) aggrieved by an order issued by the Commission in such proceeding may obtain a review of such order in the Circuit Court of Appeals.' But neither this language, nor that of section 313(a), should be construed as authorizing a review of every order that the Commission may make, albeit of a merely procedural character. Such a construction, affording opportunity for constant delays in the course of the administrative proceeding for the purpose of re- [304 U.S. 375, 384] viewing mere procedural requirements or interlocutory directions, would do violence to the manifest purpose of the provision.
The context in section 313(b) indicates the nature of the orders which are subject to review. Upon service of the petition for review, the Commission is to certify and file with the appellate court 'a transcript of the record upon which the order complained of was entered.' The statute contemplates a case in which the Commission has taken evidence and made findings. Its findings, if supported by evidence, are to be conclusive. The appellate court may order additional evidence to be taken by the Commission and the Commission may thereupon make modified or new findings. The provision for review thus relates to orders of a definitive character dealing with the merits of a proceeding before the Commission and resulting from a hearing upon evidence and supported by findings appropriate to the case.
There are persuasive analogies in the construction of provisions for the review of the orders of other administrative bodies. The Urgent Deficiencies Act of October 22, 1913,2 provides for cases brought to enjoin, set aside, or suspend 'any order' of the Interstate Commerce Commission. But this Court has held that 'there are many orders of the Commission which are not judicially reviewable under (this) provision.' See United States v. Los Angeles & Salt Lake R. Co., 273 U.S. 299, 309 , 47 S.Ct. 413, 414, and cases cited. In United States v. Illinois Central R. Co., 244 U.S. 82 , 37 S.Ct. 584, the Interstate Commerce Commission had made an order for a hearing upon an issue of reparation. The Railroad Company contended that the Commission had no jurisdiction to awrd damages in the case presented. A decree of the District Court, enjoining the Commission from proceeding with the hearing, was re- [304 U.S. 375, 385] versed by this Court with directions to dismiss the petition. The 'order' was not of the sort which brought it within the purview of the statute. It was a mere step in procedure. See, also, New York, Ontario & Western Ry. Co. v. United States, D.C., 14 F.2d 850, affirmed 273 U.S. 652 , 47 S.Ct. 334. Negative orders of the Commission are not reviewable. Procter & Gamble Co. v. United States, 225 U.S. 282 , 32 S.Ct. 761; Lehigh Valley R. Co. v. United States, 243 U.S. 412, 414 , 37 S.Ct. 397. A final report by the Commission on value under section 19a of the Interstate Commerce Act, though called an order, is not reviewable. United States v. Los Angeles & Salt Lake R. Co., supra. Compare United States v. Atlanta, Birmingham & Coast R. Co., 282 U.S. 522, 527 , 51 S.Ct. 237, 238; Great Northern Railway Co. v. United States, 277 U.S. 172, 181 , 182 S., 48 S.Ct. 466, 467, 468; United States v. Griffin, 303 U.S. 226 , 58 S.Ct. 601, decided February 28, 1938; Shannahan v. United States, 303 U.S. 596 , 58 S. Ct. 732, decided April 4, 1938. With respect to other regulatory bodies, it has been held that mere preliminary or procedural orders are not within the statutes providing for review by the Circuit Court of Appeals. Chamber of Commerce v. Federal Trade Commission, 8 Cir., 280 F. 45, 48; Ames Baldwin Wyoming Co. v. National Labor Relations Board, 4 Cir., 73 F.2d 489, 490; Jones v. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2 Cir., 79 F.2d 617, 619; Id., 298 U.S. 1, 14 , 56 S.Ct. 654, 657. So, attempts to enjoin administrative hearings because of a supposed or threatened injury, and thus obtain judicial relief before the prescribed administrative remedy has been exhausted, have been held to be at war with the longsettled rule of judicial administration. Myers v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, 303 U.S. 41 , 58 S.Ct. 459, decided January 31, 1938. See, also, Securities and Exchange Commission v. Andrews, 2 Cir., 88 F.2d 441.
The Commission's order of January 26, 1937, (a) fixed a date for hearing, (b) required respondents to appear, and (c) required them to produce the information and documents described. In fixing a date for hearing, the [304 U.S. 375, 386] order was nothing more than a notice. United States v. Illinois Central R. Co., supra, page 89, 37 S.Ct. 584. The statute confers no authority upon the Commission to enforce its directions to appear, testify or produce books and papers save by application to a federal court under section 307( c).3 Upon such an application, the court may require attendance, testimony and the production of books and papers touching the matter under investigation and failure to obey such an order of the court may be punished by it as a contempt. We think that this provision embraces all cases of alleged 'contumacy' on the part of any person who is required to attend, give testimony, or produce documents. Upon such an application by the Commission for the enforcement of its order, respondents would have full opportunity to contest its validity. See Jones v. Securities and Exchange Commission, supra. In the in- [304 U.S. 375, 387] stant case no such application by the Commission has been made. Section 307(c) also provides that any person who willfully fails or refuses to attend and testify, or produce books and papers, in obedience to the subpoena of the Commission, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and be subject to fine and imprisonment. The qualification that the refusal must be 'willful' fully protects one whose refusal is made in good faith and upon grounds which entitle him to the judgment of the court before obedience is compelled.
The Commission's order of January 26, 1937, lay outside any appellate jurisdiction conferred by the statute upon the Circuit Court of Appeals. In that view, section 262 of the Judicial Code, 28 U.S.C.A. 377, gives no support to the decree under review and its injunction and instructions to the Commission must be regarded as unauthorized.
The decree of the Circuit Court of Appeals is reversed and the cause is remanded with directions to dismiss the respondents' petition. It is so ordered.
Reversed and remanded.
Mr. Justice ROBERTS and Mr. Justice CARDOZO took no part in the consideration and decision of this case.
[ Footnote 1 ] Sec. 313. '(a) Any person, State, municipality, or State commission aggrieved by an order issued by the Commission in a proceeding under this Act (chapter) to which such person, State, municipality, or State commission is a party may apply for a rehearing within thirty days after the issuance of such order. The application for rehearing shall set forth specifically the ground or grounds upon which such application is based. Upon such application the Commission shall have power to grant or deny rehearing or to abrogate or modify its order without further hearing. Unless the Commission acts upon the application for rehearing within thirty days after it is filed, such application may be deemed to have been denied. No proceeding to review any order of the Commission shall be brought by any person unless such person shall have made application to the Commission for a rehearing thereon.
A copy of such petition shall forthwith be served upon any member of the Commission and thereupon the Commission shall certify and file with the court a transcript of the record upon which the order complained of was entered. Upon the filing of such transcript such court shall have exclusive jurisdiction to affirm, modify, or set aside such order in whole or in part. No objection to the order of the Commission shall be considered by the court unless such objection shall have been urged before the Commission in the application for rehearing unless there is reasonable ground for failure so to do. The finding of the Commission as to the facts, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive. If any party shall apply to the court for leave to adduce additional evidence, and shall show to the satisfaction of the court that such additional evidence is material and that there were reasonable grounds for failure to adduce such evidence in the proceedings before the Commission, the court may order such additional evidence to be taken before the Commission and to be adduced upon the hearing in such manner and upon such terms and conditions as to the court may seem proper. The Commission may modify its findings as to the facts by reason of the additional evidence so taken, and it shall file with the court such modified or new findings which, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive, and its recommendation, if any, for the modification or setting aside of the original order. The judgment and decree of the court, affirming, modifying, or setting aside, in whole or in part, any such order of the Commission, shall be final, subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certification as provided in sections 239 and 240 of the Judicial Code, as amended (U.S.C., Title 28, Secs. 346 and 347).'
[ Footnote 2 ] 28 U.S.C. 47, 28 U.S.C.A. 47.
[ Footnote 3 ] Subdivision (c) of section 307 of the Federal Power Act, as amended by Act Aug. 26, 1935, 213, 16 U.S.C.A. 825f(c), as follows:
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Citation: 304 U.S. 375
Docket No: No. 915
Argued: May 02, 1938
Decided: May 23, 1938
Court: United States Supreme Court
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I recently had a successful review at work, which followed the usual pattern, I offered feedback on the past 6 months, I was then given feedback on myself, we discussed wants and needs for the coming 12 months etc.
I fully believe in continual improvement, and while I'm happy with my core design skills (concept generation, sketching, Solidworks), these will continue to develop by virtue of me being at work and doing them.
However, I was asked to propose some activities to aid my personal development as a designer in a less tangible manner. I generally go to the European homewares trade-shows, and have signed up for email notifications for events/talks at the Design Museum, the V&A, and the RCA.
Can anyone offer any other suggestions? I'm based in the UK so relatively local events, or books/DVDs/online resources or courses would be appreciated.
If it helps tailor any responses, I'm a Design Manager for a kitchen/homewares brand with a traditional English brand history.


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Photos: Man marries identical triplets on same day in Congo
A Congolese man, identified simply as Luwizo, has tied the knot with triplets of the same mother.
The 32-year-old groom said he met one of the triplets called Natalie via Facebook, chatted a while, fell in love with her, and decided to meet her in person, Afrimax English reported.
He said that after Natalie introduced him to her sisters, Nadege and Natasha, the duo soon fell in love with him too.
Wizo, as he is fondly called, said he was shocked to meet three identical women after visiting Natalie's house to formalize their marriage.
"I was very much surprised that I almost fainted. It seems like I was dreaming!" Wizo exclaimed.
Since the triplets were so close and inseparable, they chose to marry the same man.
Asked about how they handled the situation, one of the triplets said, "When we told him he had to marry all of us, he was shocked. But because he had already fallen in love with all of us, nothing could stop our plans since we were also in love with him.
"Even though people considered it impossible for three women to share one husband, to us, sharing everything has been our life since childhood."
Luwizo said although his parents never approved of his unpopular decision and decided to not grace his wedding, he had no regret whatsoever going forward with it.
"You have to lose something in order to gain another. In addition, one has their preferences and their own way of doing things. So I'm happy to marry the triplets no matter what others think. My parents despised my decision and that's why they didn't attend my wedding. But all I can say is love has no limits," the groom surmised.
With many people yet awed by the momentous event, the happy brides maintained,"Today we are very happy, as you can see, because our dreams come true without being separated by husbands, but God heard our prayers."
See photos below.
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Former First Lady, Theresa Kufuor passes on
Media reports indicate that former First Lady Theresa Kufuor is dead.
Mrs Kufuor, nee Mensah, is reported to have passed away on Sunday, October 1.
She served as the First Lady of Ghana from January 7, 2001 to January 6, 2009.
She assumed the role after her husband succeeded Jerry John Rawlings as the President of the Republic of Ghana.
While serving as First Lady, Madam Theresa set up the Mother to Child Community Development Foundation to help in the proper development of children and prevent mother-to-child transmission of diseases.
GMA-Europe: Prophet Atarah wins Best Music Video with 'Woye Odo'
Prophet Atarah earlier in the year released 'Adom Nyame' and is preparing to release a new project.
Yaw Sarpong needs to be celebrated – Nicholas Omane Acheampong
Controversial Gospel Musician legendary Nicholas Omane Acheampong,on Sunday live on Onua Showtime with Nana Ama McBrown commended the goods works and positive impart of many Gospel Musicians in the country.
He shared some challenges he passed through in his music career,he leaving to abroad to seek Greener Pastures to aid him in his Music Career.
"My journey in the Gospel Industry has has never been easy at all.I came to meet the lives of Taggoe Sisters, Daughters of Glorious Jesus and Yaw Sarpong and many others,but seriously Yaw Sarpong needs to be celebrated in a grand style" he added.
He later added that,this year marks his 20th year in the industry and for that he is celebrating with his new album dubbed THROUGH PASS which is coming off on the 8th of October 2023.
Source : seancitygh.net
Ko-Jo Cue Teases New Single with Joey B
Ko-Jo Cue is back in the limelight with a bang. The rapper, known for his lyrical prowess and storytelling, has announced the release of his latest single, "Free Throw." Set to drop on September 28, 2023, it features Joey B with production from Fortune Dane. The upcoming track marks the end of Ko-Jo Cue's hiatus and will usher fans into a new chapter of his career, as he recently announced a new management team, Gold River.
Ko-Jo Cue's musical journey has been nothing short of remarkable. Following the success of his EP, "21 Memory Lane," in October 2021, the artist took a break from the spotlight. However, he didn't completely disappear from the music scene; instead, he collaborated with artists such as Dj Carcious, Ria Boss, and Paapa Versa.
Earlier this month, he announced his return to the limelight and dropped a thought-provoking freestyle addressing some of the pressing issues in the Ghanaian music industry.
Find the announcement below:
About Ko-Jo Cue
Raised in the energetic rhythms of West Africa, Linford Kennedy Amankwaa, known to the world as Ko-Jo Cue, is a Ghanaian hip-hop artist who continues the legacy of the region's revered griots. As a songwriter and lyricist, he weaves tales of African life through a lens both introspective and socially aware. His fusion of Hip-Hop, Highlife, and Afrobeats, paired with his philosophically tinged narrative style, mirrors the creative forces behind rap titans like Jay Z, Nas, J. Cole, and Obrafour.
His collaboration with Ghanaian rapper Shaker on the album "Pen & Paper" in 2017 garnered accolades and caught the eye of Lauryn Hill. This earned him an opening slot on her tour. Similarly, his 2019 debut album, "For My Brothers," was hailed as a landmark in the Ghanaian rap scene, dominated the Apple Music Charts, and gained a nomination for Album of the Year at the 3 Music Video Awards. Since 2019, he has accrued several awards, including the Adinkra Poetry Prize and an Artlink grant, for which he converted his album "For My Brothers" into a radio show aired across Europe.
Follow Ko-Jo Cue on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook for more updates on the rapper.
Dr. Pushkin Successfully Holds 'Outlandish North2South Experience' in Accra and Bolgatanga
Ghana's hip hop sensation, Dr. Pushkin, whose real name is Paul Azunre, has left a resounding mark on the music scene with his recent 'Outlandish North2South Experience' held in Accra and Bolgatanga over the last two weekends. Sponsored by the Khaya Languages Translation App, this remarkable event brought together music enthusiasts, artists, and creative minds for two nights of unforgettable entertainment, education, and inspiration.
The journey commenced in Accra on Saturday, September 9, at the prestigious Alliance Française. The event served as a platform for showcasing the immense talent residing in Ghana's Upper East region. Dr. Pushkin, alongside other remarkable artists such as Rockcity Bongo, Soorebia, Jahwi, Aphee, and several others, set the stage ablaze with electrifying performances. This night marked the inception of a promising new chapter for Upper East creatives in the bustling capital city of Accra.
The thrill and excitement didn't end there; it only intensified as the 'Outlandish North2South Experience' made its way to Bolgatanga. On September 15, creatives gathered at the Jocom Hotel for a music seminar that aimed to impart knowledge and nurture budding talents. The session served as an invaluable opportunity for artists to learn, network, and refine their craft.
The grand culmination of this musical extravaganza unfolded on September 16 with a spectacular concert at the same venue. Bolgatanga witnessed an incredible lineup featuring not only Dr. Pushkin but also renowned artists like Soorebia, Pandy, Fasetwo, Alaptawan, and many others who left the audience awe-inspired with their performances. The energy in the air was palpable as music enthusiasts reveled in the melodies, rhythms, and lyrics that brought the night alive.
The 'Outlandish North2South Experience' was made possible by the generous sponsorship of the Khaya Languages Translation App, which recognized the importance of celebrating and promoting Ghana's diverse music and cultural heritage.
Dr. Pushkin's vision for this event was not merely to entertain but to unite, educate, and uplift the creative spirits of the Upper East region. In doing so, he has showcased the incredible potential of Ghana's music industry and the wealth of talent it harbors.
This event has not only bridged geographical gaps but has also strengthened the bonds of creativity and unity within Ghana's music scene, leaving an indelible mark on the cultural landscape of the nation. The 'Outlandish North2South Experience' stands as a testament to the power of music to inspire, unite, and uplift communities.
I want Nigerians to know stripping does not make you a whore – Big Brother Naija star, Chichi
Reality TV Star, Chinenyenwa 'Chichi' Okoebor sits with Chude Jideonwo, host of #WithChude, to discuss how she grew up alone after her father passed, the fight at the Big Brother Reunion, how she had to go into stripping for survival, and the journey to forgiving her mother.
Chichi shared about defending herself at the reunion. "What people don't know is that I grew up alone, and I literallyraised myself. There is nothing that I have not faced in life before now, the worst things that could happen to a girl child happened to me and the last time I checked, I won. My mindset for coming to the reunion was to go and clear many things that were said about me. People have the mindset that I don't mingle, but I think I am just overprotective and that is the part they have refused to see. Whenever I am vulnerable, they see me as the weak link they can poke on. Whenever this happens in the house, it is not because I cannot react, it is that I am scared of myself that if I react I am going to get disqualified. I saw the show as a pathway to upliftment, so I told myself, 'Chi calm down'. People thought I was shy and, in my shell, but I was just protective of myself and of the show which was important".
"After the reunion, I was depressed. For a very long time, I deactivated my socials. Even now sometimes I am on, and sometimes I am off. It is not easy for me, I manage every situation by myself. Sometimes I just want to sit back and take it one step at a time so I won't lose my mind. I went for the reunion to clear things out and make peace. When I saw that they were just coming for me, I was like, 'These people, you don't know me o. I can stand up for myself, I can talk it out", she added.
Speaking further on the fallout between her and Phyna, she shared, "The way Phyna came felt so scripted for me because she was asked a question, and she said, 'your mama died, you have silicone on brain in your boobies'. Why did she have to go that far? Also, there is a difference between Silicon and BBL. I feel like she had already planned it. I was dumbfounded. She started saying things that weren't true– saying things like I was married, and I had kids. People think because we were roomies one week before the lockdown, I told her all those things. First, we never had such a discussion, what we always discussed was what we were going to do on the show, how wewere going to be besties and defend each other'. The other thing was that she asked if I got my body done that she would like to and all that. And I told her that we will discuss it after the show. Many people think that we werepallies or friends before the show, but it wasn't true. I had met her but we have never said 'hi' to each other."
On life before Big Brother Naija, Chi Chi shared, "Before I went on the show, I remember telling the organizers that Idon't know which of them picked me, but whoever that person is, God bless that person. I remember telling them that one of my reasons for going to the Big Brother Naija house was to make Nigerians know that stripping does not make you a whore. It's just another means of making quick money. You don't really have to sleep around to make money as a stripper or an exotic dancer. I wanted Nigerians to also relate with strippers and their lifestyle. I don't know if I was able to achieve that, but I'm a homely girl. If you actually watch the show, you will understand that I'm not perfect. I can be a badass. I have never for once thought about what people will start saying. Because when I used to think of that, I was a nobody, until I started thinking less of that and started working hard. So, I wanted Nigerians to relate to my life and maybe at some point, the life of a stripper. To understand that this is actually a profession. Someone can be a stripper, and she can also make a good home.
Chichi also shared how she had suffered several mishaps as a girl child, and how she never felt loved. She mentioned that after her father passed at a young age, she moved in with her father's best friend from where she had to run after a while. She also spoke about learning to forgive her mum, whom she said never really lookedfor her, and how that can be difficult whenever she imagined how life would have been different for her, if her mum was in the picture.
Watch the excerpt here: https://www.instagram.com/p/Cw5j22ZNxfs/?hl=en
I wrote 80% of Mr Drew's "Case"; he failed to credit me, and dropped it without my permission- Kuami Eugene
Come again?- Mr Drew responds to Kuami Eugene's allegations
Watch: Shatta Wale and Abena Korkor share a kiss on the lips at an event
I can't believe I fell for that nonsense – D-Black on fake 'Dr. UN Awards'
Samini picks Shatta Wale over Stonebwoy; says Stonebwoy is "still coming up"
Burna Boy honors Makola Market women on Accra Billboard
Agya Koo releases new song endorsing Kennedy Agyapong's presidential bid
Ghanaian family takes on Hollywood in 'Royal Rules of Ohio' reality show
Kwami Fortune Launches Pitch Buzz: Empowering Young Creatives
RENAISSANCE: A Film By Beyoncé To Be Released on December 1
Short film "Perceptions" by Alphonse Menyo to be released Worldwide October 11th on YouTube
Afro-R&B sensation Chayuta opens up about musical Journey and latest release 'Tonight'
Ghana set the pace again as Ghana Badminton raises Africa's flag at the World Championships, USA.
DFMI Business Lab announces filmmaking-participants from across Africa
Prof. Douglas Boateng-chaired institutions shine at CEO Awards and CIMG Awards
Old Mutual Ghana collaborates with Ghana-Sweden Chamber of Commerce on Exclusive Networking cocktail event
- Buzz1 week ago
I wrote 80% of Mr Drew's "Case"; he failed to credit me, and dropped it without my permission- Kuami Eugene
- Buzz7 days ago
Come again?- Mr Drew responds to Kuami Eugene's allegations
- Buzz6 days ago
Watch: Shatta Wale and Abena Korkor share a kiss on the lips at an event
- Buzz6 days ago
Samini picks Shatta Wale over Stonebwoy; says Stonebwoy is "still coming up"
- Buzz7 hours ago
Burna Boy honors Makola Market women on Accra Billboard
- Buzz5 days ago
Agya Koo releases new song endorsing Kennedy Agyapong's presidential bid
- Buzz2 days ago
Ghanaian family takes on Hollywood in 'Royal Rules of Ohio' reality show
- Buzz1 week ago
Shatta Wale cancels Freedom Wave Concert amid clash with Stonebwoy
- Buzz7 days ago
Rapper Kojo Cue and wife celebrate 9 years of marriage
- Watch5 days ago
Stonebwoy drops visuals for 'Manodzi' featuring Angélique Kidjo
- Buzz5 days ago
I won't succumb to indecency just to get attention – Adina
- World News6 days ago
There's A Ghost In My Los Angeles Home Who Wants To Sleep With Me – Cardi B


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Judge Says New York Prosecutors Can See Trump's Tax Returns
NEW YORK — With President Donald Trump under siege on Capitol Hill, a federal judge dealt him a setback on another front Monday and ruled that New York City prosecutors can see his tax returns for an investigation into matters including the payment of hush money to porn star Stormy Daniels and a Playboy centerfold.
U.S. District Judge Victor Marrero emphatically rejected Trump's attempt to keep his financial records under wraps, calling the president's broad claim of immunity from all criminal proceedings "extraordinary" and "an overreach of executive power" at odds with the Constitution.
For now, at least, the tax returns remain beyond the reach of prosecutors. The president's lawyers appealed the judge's ruling to the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which put the matter on hold while it considers the case on an expedited basis.
At issue is a request from Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus R. Vance Jr. that Trump's accounting firm turn over eight years' worth of his business and personal tax returns dating back to 2011.
Vance, a Democrat, is investigating payments made to buy the silence of Daniels and model Karen McDougal, both of whom claimed to have had affairs with the president.
"The Radical Left Democrats have failed on all fronts," Trump fumed on Twitter after the judge's ruling, "so now they are pushing local New York City and State Democrat prosecutors to go get President Trump. A thing like this has never happened to any President before. Not even close!"
The district attorney's office declined to comment.
The investigation is unfolding with Trump already facing a fast-moving impeachment drive by House Democrats that was set off by his attempts to get Ukraine's leader to investigate his political rival Joe Biden.
Trump's lawyers have said that Vance's investigation is politically motivated and that the request for tax records should be stopped because Trump is immune from any criminal probe as long as he is president.
The judge swept that claim aside as overly broad.
"As the court reads it, presidential immunity would stretch to cover every phase of criminal proceedings, including investigations, grand jury proceedings and subpoenas, indictment, prosecution, arrest, trial, conviction, and incarceration," Marrero wrote. "That constitutional protection presumably would encompass any conduct, at any time, in any forum, whether federal or state, and whether the President acted alone or in concert with other individuals."
The judge said he couldn't accept that legal view, "especially in the light of the fundamental concerns over excessive arrogation of power" that led the founding fathers to create a balance of power among the three branches of government.
Trump has steadfastly refused to make his tax returns public, breaking a tradition set by presidents and White House candidates decades ago. He has also gone to court to fight congressional subpoenas issued to his bank for various personal financial records, including his tax returns. That dispute is also before the federal appeals court.
In yet another effort to pry loose Trump's tax records, California recently passed a law requiring candidates for president or governor to turn over five years' worth of returns, or else they cannot appear on the state's primary ballot. A federal judge blocked the law this month, saying it is probably unconstitutional.
Vance began his probe after federal prosecutors in New York completed their investigation into payments that Trump's former personal lawyer, Michael Cohen, arranged to be made to the two women to keep them silent during the presidential race.
Cohen is serving a three-year prison sentence for crimes that included campaign finance violations in connection with the hush money.
Trump was never charged, though prosecutors said publicly that he was aware of and directed the illegal payments. Justice Department policy has long been that sitting presidents cannot be charged criminally.
Grand jury proceedings and records in New York are secret. If Vance gains access to Trump's returns through a grand jury investigation, that doesn't necessarily mean their contents will be disclosed publicly.
It is unclear what Trump's returns might have to do with the criminal investigation or why prosecutors are reaching back as far as 2011.
But the long reach of the subpoena might stem in part from testimony Cohen gave to Congress early this year when he asserted that Trump overstated his wealth to financial institutions before he became president.
Cohen turned over copies of financial statements he said the president provided to Deutsche Bank during a 2014 effort to buy the Buffalo Bills. The statements showed Trump's net worth soaring from $4.55 billion in 2012 to $8.66 billion in 2013.


text: Detective Conan the Series the Series ยอดนักสืบจิ๋วโคนัน เดอะซีรีส์ | Shinichi Kudo is a young detective man who had been shrunk into a child's body due to a poison he was forced-fed by black members. He hides his true identity and goes to live with his childhood friend, Ran Mouri, and her father, Kogoro. Conan wants to use Kogoro's detective agency to find the people who shrank him while solving different criminal cases along his journey.


text: Back Flaxseed Botanical name(s): Linum usitatissimum. Family: Linaceae Other name(s): flax, linseed, lint bells, winterlien General description Flaxseed is an annual, grown in temperate and tropical regions. Oil extracted from the seeds is used as an alternative to fish oil. Flaxseed has a nutty flavor and is used in bread and bakery products. The seeds from the flaxseed plant are also used to make linseed cakes and in liniments. The stem of the plant is used to make linen thread. Flaxseed contains the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, which can be potentially beneficial in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and in the reduction of the total blood cholesterol. It may help reduce inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, eczema, multiple sclerosis, and ulcerative colitis. Medically valid uses Evidence suggests that flaxseed oil is beneficial in preventing atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and heart attack. Flaxseed oil can be substituted for other vegetable oils in the preparation of foods. Unsubstantiated claims Please note that this section reports on claims that have NOT yet been substantiated through scientific studies. Flaxseed is claimed to be helpful in treating bladder inflammation, gastritis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, vaginitis, menopausal hot flashes, rheumatoid arthritis, gallstones, elevated cholesterol levels, decreased lipoprotein A (involved in atherosclerosis), weight loss, asthma, and chronic cough. Some theories suggest that flaxseed may be anticarcinogenic, inhibiting estrogen-stimulated breast cancer. It may also have sugar-reducing and antibacterial/antifungal/antiviral properties. Dosing format Flaxseed can be taken as the cracked or coarsely ground seed, using one tablespoon of the whole or bruised seed with 150 ml of liquid two to three times a day. It can also be taken as 2 to 4 tablespoons of milled linseed gruel a day. If taken in the oil form, 1/2 to 1 tablespoon can be put in salads or on vegetables each day. The oil is often baked into muffins. Taking flaxseed oil with food is important, as food emulsifies the fat and aids in its absorption. In comparison: Flaxseed oil: lipid reducing (lowering triglycerides). Flaxseed preparation (made from seeds): laxative (for constipation, colons damaged by laxative abuse, irritable colon). Side effects, toxicity, and interactions The use of large quantities of flaxseed as a laxative with too little fluid can lead to ileus. However, with proper use there are no other side effects. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult a physician before taking any herbal medicines. You should not take flaxseed if you have ileus, an esophageal or gastrointestinal stricture, or an acute inflammatory illness of the intestine, stomach, or stomach entrance. Flaxseed may delay the absorption of drugs taken simultaneously. Additional information Click here for a list of reputable websites with general information on nutrition.


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OVERVIEW: What every practioner needs to know.
Are you sure your patient has Schilder's disease? What are the typical findings for this disease?
Cognitive deterioration/aphasia
Hemisensory loss
HeadachesRelated Content
A note regarding Schilder's disease nomenclature
There are two diseases described by Paul Schilder that bear his name and are published as "Schilder's disease." The disease discussed in this article is a demyelinating disease also referred to as "myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis" or merely "diffuse sclerosis." "Schilder's disease" is sometimes also used as a variant name for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, which is not the subject of this article.
What other disease/condition shares some of these symptoms?
Schilder's disease is a demyelinating disease, and as such, resembles the presentations of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Encephalitis, brain malignancy, granulomatous disease, cerebral vasculitis, and adrenaleukodystrophy can also mimic the presentation of Schilder's disease. Often, the mass lesions of Schilder's disease are mistaken for brain tumors; there are cases of surgical excision based on this erroneous assumption. The use of clinical criteria (i.e., the Poser criteria), severity of the presentation, and the diffuse nature of the lesions as seen on MRI can assist in differentiating Schilder's disease from these other conditions, although there is clinical and radiological overlap.
What caused this disease to develop at this time?
The precise trigger for Schilder's disease is unknown, but given its young age of onset, it could represent a more aggressive genetic or inborn metabolic error than other demyelinating diseases with adult onset. However, there are also theories that the younger age of onset reflects that an environmental influence might be predominant. In general, the onset of demyelinating diseases such as Schilder's disease is thought to represent a confluence of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures, although which factors are specific to Schilder's is unknown.
What laboratory studies should you request to help confirm the diagnosis? How should you interpret the results?
The Poser criteria are typically used to define Schilder's disease. These six criteria are as follows:
One or 2 roughly symmetrical large plaques are present, and, if more than 1 is present, 1 should be in each brain hemisphere, chiefly in the centrum semiovale. Plaques are greater than 2 cm in 2 of 3 dimensions.
No other lesions are demonstrable by clinical, paraclinical, or imaging data.
No abnormalities of the peripheral nervous system are demonstrable.
Results of adrenal function studies are normal.
Serum very long chain fatty acids are normal.
Pathological analysis by autopsy or biopsy demonstrates histologic changes consistent with subacute or chronic myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis, changes which in essence cannot be distinguished from those of multiple sclerosis.
Unfortunately, there is no signature pathological hallmark of this disease on testing, but the following tests should be obtained in the evaluation of this condition:
Cerebrospinal fluid studies including glucose, protein, Gram stain, culture, oligoclonal bands, IgG index. These tests are typically normal in Schilder's disease, although elevated protein and oligoclonal bands have been reported in some cases. Abnormalities in these tests may prompt further testing for infectious causes.
Adrenal gland function testing (serum cortisol, 24-hour urine cortisol, ACTH baseline and stimulation test). The diagnosis of Schilder's disease requires the results ot these studies to be normal.
Very long chain fatty acids. The diagnosis of Schilder's disease requires that these studies be normal. An abnormality in this study would indicate an adrenaleukodystrophy.
Some investigators suggest that brain biopsy could differentiate Schilder's disease from similar conditions. If brain biopsy is performed, multiple reports suggest that the findings mimic those of brain malignancies such as astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme; therefore, care should be taken to confirm any pathological diagnosis.
In Schilder's disease, there is inflammation confined to the white matter, with near total replacement by reactive astrocytes. Macrophages and lymphocytes may also be present with evidence of activity (i.e., foamy macrophages). Axons and U-fibers are spared; very little intact myelin will be present. There will be no tumor cells present. There should be no bacteria present on Gram, acid fast bacilli, nor silver stains.
Would imaging studies be helpful? If so, which ones?
An EEG can be helpful if seizures are suspected or are present. The EEG findings can correlate with visualized cerebral lesions in Schilder's disease. If seizures or altered mental status are not present, then the EEG has no diagnostic value.
The lesions in Schilder's disease can be visualized on computed tomography (CT) scan, and typically appear as hypodense lesions with ring enhancement and mass effect.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with and without contrast usually will demonstrate one or multiple hypointense lesions on T1 sequences; these lesions will be hyperintense on T2 sequences. The location of these lesions is almost always subcortical. Contrast enhancement of the rings may be present in acute disease states. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences will demonstrate hyperintense lesions.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) reliably shows a decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) peak, a reduced NAA to creatine (Cr) ratio, an increased choline (Cho) to creatine ratio, an elevated glutamate to glutamine peak, and an increased lactate peak in affected regions.
If you are able to confirm that the patient has Schilder's disease, what treatment should be initiated?
The mainstay of acute treatment of this disease, as for all demyelinating diseases in the initial phase or relapses, is immune suppression. The most common treatment to achieve adequate immunosuppression leading to symptomatic improvement is corticosteroids. In the hospital setting, intravenous methylprednisolone (20-30 mg/kg per day or a maximum dose of 1000 mg daily) is the usual treatment for 3 to 5 days. There is no empiric or reliable evidence for a course of 5 days being superior to a duration of 3 days in any metric of outcome , but generally if little to no clinical improvement is seen at 3 days, a 5-day course is advised. After high-dose methylprednisolone, one should taper over 3 to 6 weeks with oral corticosteroids. This same regimen is effective for recrudescence of the disease.
There are also case reports on the effectiveness of ACTH treatment, but typically the prohibitive cost and lack of availability of ACTH has markedly reduced the utility of this treatment option.
In a case of Schilder's disease refractory to corticosteroids, high-dose cyclophosphamide was used with a favorable outcome.
There are no reports of intravenous immunoglobulins, interferon therapies, or plasma exchange having any role in treating Schilder's disease.
In addition to corticosteroids, one must consider the state of the patient, because the brain lesions of Schilder's disease can result in severe short-term disability. Obviously, appropriate medical management of these patients includes ensuring that adequate ventilation capability is and remains present, maintaining euvolemia and vascular tone, providing adequate nutrition whether by oral or parenteral routes, monitoring for electrolyte status, and surveillance for infection. There is a report of a patient improving with surgical decompression of a large lesion; thus, neurosurgical consultation can be considered for extreme instances.
What are the adverse effects associated with each treatment option?
The side effects of corticosteroids and ACTH are well-documented and include hyperglycemia, hypertension, psychosis/mood changes, gastrointestinal ulceration/bleeding, hypokalemia, insomnia, and opportunistic infections. Thankfully, these side effects are uncommon and are not usually associated with a need for early termination of treatment. There is evidence for prevention of gastrointestinal ulceration while taking corticosteroids through the use of H2-antagonists and proton pump inhibitors.
Cyclophosphamide has many documented side effects in children, but among the most concerning is hemorrhagic cystitis, which is why mesna is given prophylactically with this medication to prevent this severe and sometimes fatal outcome. Other side effects include nausea/vomiting, alopecia, dyspepsia, fatigue, bone marrow suppression, and inhibition of wound healing.
What are the possible outcomes of Schilder's disease?
Schilder's disease is classically defined as a monophasic illness, occurring as a single isolated episode. The prognosis of this disease is directly related to the patient's response to treatment. In the majority of reported cases with clear clinical improvement following treatment, the described outcomes are near total recovery with little disability. However, there are exceptional cases of this disease in which patients have permanent significant physical and intellectual disabilities obviating functional independence. There are reported cases of fulminant disease.
Unfortunately, due to its rarity and controversy about diagnosis, there are no extant prospective or double-blinded studies in the literature to support any one treatment over another. The standard of care in any acute demyelinating disease is to treat with a goal of achieving significant immunosuppression. However, even this option is not supported by extensive evidence for changing the long-term outcomes in patients with this specific disease. The benefit of immunosuppression is inferred from the efficacy of this treatment in similar diseases (i.e., multiple sclerosis).
What causes this disease and how frequent is it?
Schilder's disease is exceedingly rare, with less than 50 cases in the reported medical literature meeting the full Poser criteria for diagnosis. Reported ages at presentation range in age from 4 to 69 years, with the majority of patients being older than age 7 years. There is no apparent trigger or identified predisposing factor for this disease. There are no published seasonal variations nor incidence data.
There are no studies to suggest a genetic linkage in Schilder's disease, although there are reasons to believe that a genetic linkage may be present (see below).
How do these pathogens/genes/exposures cause the disease?
In theory, autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an environmental exposure, usually an illness, causing a cascade of immune responses that, in turn, cause an inappropriate recognition of excluded "self" antigens in the host. In response, the immune response transforms from eradication of the disease to destruction of healthy tissues.
In the case of Schilder's disease, the inappropriately targeted tissue is undiseased white matter. There are studies of other diseases like Schilder's disease that target white matter that suggest there may be gene mutations associated with an increased likelihood of this type of autoimmune disease. The specific sequence of events and universality of the genetic risk remain areas of active investigation.
Other clinical manifestations that might help with diagnosis and management
What complications might you expect from the disease or treatment of the disease?
Short-term complications of treatment are discussed above. Corticosteroids can cause long-term weight gain, and a potential risk of developing diabetes mellitus type II in already at-risk individuals, but these risks should not affect any decision to treat.
The most concerning long-term effect of a chemotherapy medication such as cyclophosphamide is the risk of inducing another malignancy, but, again, this small risk should be weighed against the significant consequences of not treating the condition.
There is no extant literature on long-term clinical outcomes from Schilder's disease. Most cases appear to remit, with patients becoming asymptomatic after successful initial treatment. However, extrapolating from what is known about similar diseases, one would expect that disability could include attention problems, weakness, sensory loss, gait changes, and/or intellectual decline.
Are additional laboratory studies available; even some that are not widely available?
How can Schilder's disease be prevented?
There is no known prevention nor suggested prophylaxis for Schilder's disease.
What is the evidence?
There are numerous case reports discussing the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of Schilder's disease. All of these reports are confined to Class 4-5 evidence because they represent individual expert opinions or summaries of conclusions derived from a case series. A bibliography of extant studies is as follows:
Afifi, AK, Bell, WE, Menezes, AH, Moore, SA. "Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis (Schilder's disease): report of a case and review of the literature". J Child Neurol. vol. 9. 1994. pp. 398-403.
Bacigaluppi, S, Polonara, G, Zavanone, ML. "A. Schilder's disease: non-invasive diagnosis? :A case report and review". Neurol Sci. vol. 30. 2009. pp. 421-30.
Censori, B, Agostinis, C, Partziguian, T. "Large demyelinating brain lesion mimicking a herniating tumor". Neurol Sci. vol. 22. 2001. pp. 325-9.
Fitzgerald, MJ, Coleman, LT. "Recurrent myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis: a case report of a child with Schilder's variant of multiple sclerosis". Pediatr Radiol. vol. 30. 2000. pp. 861-5.
Garell, PC, Menezes, AH, Baumbach, G. "Presentation, management and follow-up of Schilder's disease". Pediatr Neurosurg. vol. 29. 1998. pp. 86-91.
Kiernan, MC, Vonau, M, Bullpitt, PR. "Butterfly lesion of the corpus callosum due to Schilder's disease". J Clin Neurosci. vol. 8. 2001. pp. 367-9.
Konkol, RJ, Bousounis, D, Kuban, KC. "Schilder's disease: additional aspects and a therapeutic option". Neuropediatrics. vol. 18. 1987. pp. 149-52.
Kotil, K, Kalayci, M, Köseolu, T, Turul, A. "Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis (Schilder's disease): report of a case and review of the literature". Br J Neurosurg. vol. 16. 2002. pp. 516-9.
Kurul, S, Cakmakçi, H, Dirik, E, Kovanlikaya, A. "Schilder's disease: case study with serial neuroimaging". J Child Neurol. vol. 18. 2003. pp. 58-61.
Leuzzi, V, Lyon, G, Cilio, MR. "Childhood demyelinating diseases with a prolonged remitting course and their relation to Schilder's disease: report of two cases". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. vol. 66. 1999. pp. 407-8.
Miyamoto, N, Kagohashi, M, Nishioka, K. "An autopsy case of Schilder's variant of multiple sclerosis (Schilder's disease)". Eur Neurol. vol. 55. 2006. pp. 103-7.
Morales, Y, Parisi, JE, Lucchinetti, CF. "The pathology of multiple sclerosis: evidence for heterogeneity". Adv Neurol. vol. 98. 2006. pp. 27-45.
Nejat, F, Eftekhar, B. "Decompressive aspiration in myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis or Schilder disease". Case report. J Neurosurg. vol. 97. 2002. pp. 1447-9.
Obara, S, Takeshima, H, Awa, R. "Tumefactive myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis–case report". Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo).. vol. 43. 2003. pp. 563-6.
Pretorius, ML, Loock, DB, Ravenscroft, A, Schoeman, JF. "Demyelinating disease of Schilder type in three young South African children: dramatic response to corticosteroids". J Child Neurol. vol. 13. 1998. pp. 197-201.
Sastre-Garriga, J, Rovira, A, Río, J. "Clinically definite multiple sclerosis after radiological Schilder-like onset". J Neurol. vol. 250. 2003. pp. 871-3.
Yilmaz, Y, Kocaman, C, Karabagli, H, Ozek, M. "Is the brain biopsy obligatory or not for the diagnosis of Schilder's disease? Review of the literature". Childs Nerv Syst. vol. 24. 2008. pp. 3-6.
There is evidence for the use of corticosteroids and ACTH in the treatment of acute exacerbations of a disease similar to Schilder's disease, multiple sclerosis. The Cochrane Collaboration's Multiple Sclerosis Group, cited below, states that evidence is favorable for these treatments, but that further research is needed for long-term impact.
Filippini, G, Brusaferri, F, Sibley, WA. "Corticosteroids or ACTH for acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000. pp. CD001331
Ongoing controversies regarding etiology, diagnosis, treatment
The major controversy regarding Schilder's disease is defining it both in the acute and (rarely) recurrent states. There is debate about whether the findings in Schilder's disease represent a truly unique manifestation of autoimmune white matter disease or constitute merely a variant form of ADEM. Those who argue that Schilder's disease is a unique entity state that strict application of the Poser criteria to reported cases is needed, and that improvement in the quality of magnetic resonance imaging yields a viable means of differentiating the findings of Schilder's disease from other similar conditions. Others posit that true identification of Schilder's demands a definitive brain biopsy.
There is also a question regarding the nomenclature for a recurrence of Schilder's disease. The classical presentation of Schilder's disease is described as a single episode. There are isolated reports of children diagnosed with Schilder's disease who, after a period of remission, have new brain lesions and symptoms. Whether to term these individuals as still having "recurrent/relapsed Schilder's disease" or re-defining the entire disease history as "multiple sclerosis" is actively debated in the literature, and there is no clear consensus.
Given the rarity of Schilder's disease, and the vanishingly rare number of patients with two clinical episodes, it is unlikely these issues will be resolved in the near future. However, since the treatments for acute exacerbations of Schilder's disease, ADEM, multiple sclerosis, and similar demyelinating diseases are identical, a precise diagnosis is not currently necessary for initiation of therapy but may become so as treatments for these conditions are refined.
Copyright © 2017, 2013 Decision Support in Medicine, LLC. All rights reserved.
No sponsor or advertiser has participated in, approved or paid for the content provided by Decision Support in Medicine LLC. The Licensed Content is the property of and copyrighted by DSM.
- OVERVIEW: What every practioner needs to know.
- Are you sure your patient has Schilder's disease? What are the typical findings for this disease?
- What other disease/condition shares some of these symptoms?
- What caused this disease to develop at this time?
- What laboratory studies should you request to help confirm the diagnosis? How should you interpret the results?
- Would imaging studies be helpful? If so, which ones?
- If you are able to confirm that the patient has Schilder's disease, what treatment should be initiated?
- What are the adverse effects associated with each treatment option?
- What are the possible outcomes of Schilder's disease?
- What causes this disease and how frequent is it?
- How do these pathogens/genes/exposures cause the disease?
- Other clinical manifestations that might help with diagnosis and management
- What complications might you expect from the disease or treatment of the disease?
- Are additional laboratory studies available; even some that are not widely available?
- How can Schilder's disease be prevented?
- What is the evidence?
- Ongoing controversies regarding etiology, diagnosis, treatment


text:
One of the most unintentionally hilarious sentences currently in print can be found on this SB Nation post by Robert Wheel, a.k.a. Bobby Big Wheel, called "What the NFL can do to support gay players." Beneath, a comma-spliced subhed reads: "The NFL is ready for a gay player, the problem is the rest of society."
Got that, everyone? The NFL's ready to roll out the rainbow carpet. It's just waiting for the rest of us Family Research Council types to get our acts together.
Toward that "society" clause, which is supported by nothing else in the column, Wheel makes the following points:
"The NFL has done a good job so far to lower the burden of being a pioneer, but there is more that they [sic] can do."
Sure. So far, so good.
"We saw that this week when the commissioner's office told teams that they could not ask players if they were gay in Combine interviews."
OK, whoa. That the NFL head office explicitly reminded teams not to ask players' sexual orientations, which the collective bargaining agreement already forbids, doesn't speak to the NFL's overall readiness for openly gay players. It suggests instead that the league's corporate honchos recognize that individual teams need to be reminded how to behave in 2013. And if teams are less than ready, players could lag behind as well. Perhaps it's splitting hairs, but in this case it appears "NFL teams" and "NFL players" might herein be lumped in with "the rest of society" dragging down the NFL's otherwise scout-like preparedness for the LGBT Jackie Robinson.
Jason Whitlock suggested that the NFL hasn't done enough though, and that they should have suspended Chris Culliver for the Super Bowl. But Culliver quickly apologized for his homophobic comments to Artie Lange. The NFL didn't need to suspend him, he'd already learned his lesson from the public outcry.
The public outcry from … the rest of society, no? But does that include NFL players or not? Because it was Culliver who said "I don't do the gay guys, man. … We don't got no gay people on the team. They gotta get up out of here if they do." Even if his is a rare sentiment in locker rooms, you could scarcely blame a gay player from interpreting it to an end other than "the NFL is ready for a gay player."
The best way to address homophobic behavior is to make it socially unacceptable.
This is a half-attempt at insight that appears initially to be unassailable but which, devoid of context, could be hopelessly wrong—sort of like "children are our future" or "chance favors only the prepared mind" or "Reagan-Bush '84." In fact there's no precise line to making something socially unacceptable. An action can be outlawed and yet remain, in most quarters, socially acceptable. (See: drinking during Prohibition, racial discrimination in the Jim Crow South, presently paying CEOs 380 times what their average worker makes, etc.)
Wheel appears to be suggesting that the culture needs to change, and he's right to laud the NFL head office for its steps toward doing so. And yet he's still talking about the culture of the NFL, a culture he says is ready to accept gay players but which the Culliver mess, like many similar outbursts over the years, demonstrates clearly isn't ready, at least not fully. Meanwhile according to Wheel, "the rest of society" is what's holding football back—excluding, we must only assume, the areas of society that have seen fit to welcome openly gay, lesbian and queer folks into the workplace: visual arts, performing arts, culinary arts, news media, entertainment media, the film industry, publishing, the music industry, local government, state government, national government, design, social activism, law, fashion, education, the sciences, hospitality, the frickin' military and, notably, many other albeit lower-profile sports.
You know, the rest of society. To which the NFL, far from some spearhead of societal advancement, is still hoping to catch up.
What the NFL can do to support gay players [SB Nation]