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The All-important Acid/Alkaline
Balance in the Diet
by T.R. Aletheia
Although there are hundreds of diets and countless books written about them, when it comes to good health, the Edgar Cayce readings talk a lot about alkalinity and your pH. So what exactly is pH, and how does it affect your health? pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution as it relates to the concentration of hydrogen ions or, in this case, the tissues and fluids of a person's body. The pH scale range is from 0-14. Neutral solutions, such as pure water, have a pH of about seven. Solutions lower than 7 are considered acidic: greater than 7 are alkaline.
The body functions optimally at an alkaline pH of approximately 7.35–7.45; any deviation just above or below this range can result in illness. Acid-base balance is maintained in the body by a number of intricate systems, of which the three primary ones are the blood, the respiratory system, and the kidneys. Illness or disease is a result of too much acid waste products in the tissues of the body. In fact, just as Edgar Cayce noted, an abnormal bacteria, fungus, or virus in the body can only survive in an acid environment. Unfortunately, acid waste that is not eliminated in a timely manner is reabsorbed from the colon into the liver and placed back into the general circulation.
It is thought that creating a more alkaline environment in the body can help prevent cancer. How then, does diet play a role in acid-base balance and cancer? All ingested substances, whether food, drink, medications, or supplements, and all circumstances, whether mental, physical, or emotional, that affect the body leave behind either an acid or alkaline (basic) ash residue in the body. Researchers have found that cold germs and flu viruses and other diseases, such as cancer, need an acid environment in order to grow and thrive. The goal, therefore, for health is to maintain a pH that is just slightly on the alkaline side. This is done by what many researchers refer to as the 80/20 rule in which 80 percent of the foods eaten are alkaline reacting, and 20 percent are acid reacting. This is the same recommendation given in the readings. In general, most fruits, vegetables, and herbs are alkaline-reacting while protein foods, starches, sugary foods (i.e., candy, cake), most dairy, and prescription drugs are acid-reacting.
Ironically, the Food Guide Pyramid recommended by the USDA, if followed as designed, actually promotes an acidic pH. The pyramid recommends two to three servings per day from the milk/dairy group, two to three servings from the meat group, three to five servings from the vegetable group, two to four servings from the fruit group, six to eleven servings from the bread/starch group, and to use fats, oils, and sweets sparingly. Thus, 65–67 percent of the pyramid is from foods that are acid-forming and 33–35 percent from alkaline-reacting foods. There has been much controversy surrounding the Food Guide Pyramid, with many opponents arguing that it should promote a healthier, plant-based diet. In addition, proponents argue that it was biased from the start, because it was developed by a group of people with strong ties to the dairy and beef industries whose goal was to promote their own products. In fact, in 2000, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) won a nine-month legal battle against the USDA for this very reason.
In the long run, the best diet to follow is one that promotes an alkaline pH using the 80/20 rule. The diet that best epitomizes this rule is the Edgar Cayce diet. This diet has been around for more than 60 years, and several books have been written about it (visit ARECatalog.com). Of course, it can be a challenge to practice this lifestyle, and even those of us who are educated on the effects of food and pH stray off course from time to time; however, just being aware of the effect of what you eat is half the battle.
Resources on the web:
- Cayce's Basic Diet Chart - Member only section > other media section
- Cayce Diet & Health Books
- Edgar Cayce Diet Wheel Magnet
- Acid-Alkaline Food List The Cayce Health Database
- Basic Cayce Diet The Cayce Health Database
T.R. Aletheia, MS, RD, CNSC is a registered dietitian with a passion for holistic healing. She earned a master's degree in holistic healing from the Clayton College of Natural Health. Having one foot in each camp, so-to-speak, she likes to combine her knowledge of conventional nutrition with her love for holistic methods. Her interest in alternative therapies was born after the death of her father from cancer. The information in this blog comes from a variety of sources including conventional medicine, holistic therapies, and the Edgar Cayce readings. Cayce was considered the father of American holistic medicine and a medical clairvoyant. T.R. Aletheia is author of Cancer An American Conspiracy which discusses successful alternative cancer therapies and why the medical establishment is hiding them from the public. Her website is HealthyNutritionOptions.com.
Disclaimer: The treatment options discussed herein are provided for your consideration and educational purposes only. Should the reader choose to utilize any of the information herein, it is done so entirely at the reader's discretion and risk. The author is not liable for the misconception or misuse of information provided. The information provided herein is not intended to replace the advice of your physician or a competent professional.


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What is a Downeast Style Boat?
Does this style boat pound in a head sea?
If downeast style, semi-displacement hulls are famous, then this trait is the major reason. With their narrow entry, which eases back to a soft chine, the downeast hulls do not pound and are well noted for their comfort in a seaway.
How are the downeasters in a following sea?
A following sea is one of the most difficult sea conditions in which to handle a boat. For this very reason, downeast boats are built with long keels and large rudders which help the boat track well in a following sea. Also noteworthy are the soft chines, which allow the sea to pass under and outward easily.
Do they roll a lot?
Our sportfishermen boast they are able to fish the trough between waves. These boats are very stable.
Are trim tabs ever necessary?
Seldom. We sometimes put tabs on at the request of our customers, but have not found much advantage. These boats are made to run with the bow slightly elevated, which is part of the reason for the smooth ride in heavier seas. Sometimes with a heavier boat, we'll install a 3/8″ – 5/8″ wedge at the transom to give the hull a bit of a lift.
I've heard they can be wet.
They do tend to be a bit wet. We try to take care of this with spray rails and they certainly help. However, when the wind gets over 15 knots and choppy water gets in the air on certain courses, especially quartering, water is going to hit your windshield. This is one reason I like a flybridge.
What speeds can I expect?
One attribute of a downeast hull is the comfort level one gets throughout the wide speed range. Depending on size, horsepower, and how the boat is set up, speeds around 30 knots are achievable. Top speeds are generally in the mid-20s with cruising speeds between 15 and 20 knots.
I'm an ex-sailor—I don't care about speed.
Then this is the perfect boat. There is great economy at 8-12 knots (3-5 gallons/hour). However, for resale and your own sake, power the boat to cruise at least 15 knots. I've heard this statement many times. The world of power boating opens new horizons, expanding your cruising range threefold for any finite period of time compared to your sailboat. Southwest Harbor to Cape Cod Canal is approximately a day's run, 11 hours at 15 knots. One of our 34's left Greenwich, Connecticut on a Friday and was in Jacksonville, Florida on Sunday evening—going all night only once.
As an ex-sailor, I don't think I'd like a flybridge.
Most sailors going to power say this. A flying bridge is really a wonderful place from which to run a boat. It's quiet, has great visibility and you are outside. These are several reasons why sailors enjoy sailing.
I'm nervous about a single engine.
With today's well-built, dependable diesel engines, a boater should have few fears of having a single vs. twin engines. Consider the number of single engine airplanes or the fact that virtually 99% of commercial fishing boats are single engine. Very often, the reason an engine won't run is fuel related. If that's the case, neither engine will run.
What about a bow thruster?
Bow thrusters are great. They relieve a lot of worry and tension when docking, particularly with cross winds and current. Chances are, in the overall price of a boat, the cost of a bow thruster is minimal.
In rough weather what speeds can I run a downeast hull?
You'll be surprised to find that downeast hulls will easily do 15 knots through some very nasty sea conditions.
What does built down or skeg built mean?
Maine or downeast style semi-displacement boats have pronounced keels. A built down style keel, usually found southwest of Ellsworth, Maine are those where the hull esses or curves into the keel. The skeg models are those where the hull goes flat into the keel. Skeg boats are often faster as there is less holding the hull back with the very flat run aft. Built downs are often better heavy weather boats and can generally carry more weight. It's also easier to get an engine under the floor, alleviating the need for an engine box.
Why should I consider a Wilbur Yacht?
We are dedicated to high quality construction consistent with the highest standards of safety. We have over thirty years of experience in building boats, enjoy working with our customers and we love to build beautiful boats.

subset: commoncrawl


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'Buckwild' City Mayor -- Happier than A Pig In S*** -- 'Buckwild' Got Cancelled
'Buckwild' City Mayor Happier than Pig in S*** 'Buckwild' Got 86'd
The Mayor of the town where "Buckwild" was filmed is crackin' out the fried chicken and sweet tea now that the show that reinforced Southern stereotypes has gotten the ax.
Charleston, West Virginia Mayor Danny Jones tells us, "I'm relieved and happy the show is cancelled, and so is everyone around here. The show does nothing for us and exaggerates every negative stereotype about us."
Mayor Jones also put on his programming hat, surmising "Buckwild" without Shain Gandee is like biscuits without gravy.
We broke the story ... Shain was found dead in his truck from carbon monoxide poisoning last week, following an off-roading trip with his uncle.
Now if Mayor Jones could only turn cinder blocks into tires ... think how nice those lawns would look.


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Invitation follows campaigner's Open Letter
"Dear Mr Tatchell, Thank you for your very thoughtful letter. It requires much thought and the points it makes are powerful. I would like to explain what I think to you without the mediation of the press, and listen to you in return."
The offer to meet follows Mr Tatchell's Open Letter to the Archbishop in which he criticised Justin Welby as "homophobic" for supporting a legal ban on same-sex civil marriage. He also criticised the Anglican Communion for colluding with local dioceses that endorse the persecution of gay people in Africa.
Commenting on the Archbishop's offer to meet him, Mr Tatchell said:
"I am surprised and delighted. The opportunity for dialogue is appreciated.
"Within three hours of me sending the Archbishop my Open Letter, he responded in person by email.
"I commend Justin. His swift, personal reply is laudable, especially given how busy he is with his enthronement and with Easter next week.
"His willingness to engage in discussion with me is praiseworthy – all the more so because he comes from the conservative evangelical wing of the church.
"The plan is to meet after Easter. I will be urging a rethink of the church's opposition to same-sex civil marriage and an end to Anglican collusion with the persecution of gay people in Nigeria and Uganda.
"I hope our meeting will be more than just window-dressing and good PR for the church. I'm expecting a bit more than tea and sympathy.
"This is the first time any Archbishop has offered to meet me. Even a liberal like Rowan Williams never invited me to Lambeth Palace. Justin's invitation is progress," said Mr Tatchell.
An Open Letter to Justin Welby
On the occasion of his enthronement as Archbishop of Canterbury
From Peter Tatchell, human rights campaigner
Archbishop of Canterbury
Lambeth Palace
London SE1
20 March 2013
Dear Archbishop Justin Welby,
Your enthronement as Archbishop of Canterbury and leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion will be an occasion for rejoicing by your faithful.
Like them, I wish you well.
I hope you will use your new authority to guide the church to accept equality and human rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people.
Just over a decade ago, you expressed harsh homophobic opinions, condemning gay relationships and the adoption of children by same-sex couples. You may have since revised these views but even now you oppose marriage equality.
One of your first public statements, when you were confirmed as Archbishop of Canterbury last month, was to declare your support for discrimination against gay people: namely your support for the legal ban on same-sex civil marriage.
Moreover, although you have expressed your support for civil partnerships, it is reported that you have not approved civil partnerships taking place in churches or church blessings for same-sex couples.
You claim that you are not homophobic but a person who opposes legal equality for LGBT people is homophobic – in the same way that a person who opposes equal rights for black people is racist.
Homophobia has come to mean more than an irrational fear for gay people. It includes support for anti-gay discrimination and the denial of equal rights to people who are LGBT. In this sense of the word, you are homophobic because you support discrimination in law against gay people.
Discrimination is not a Christian value; regardless of whether this discrimination concerns gender, race, faith, sexual orientation or gender identity.
You say that you are listening to the concerns of the LGBT community but you continue to ignore and reject our claim for equal marriage rights. It does not feel like you are listening. Or perhaps you listening but not hearing?
You are not without precedent with regard to LGBT equality, in the UK and abroad.
Sadly, successive Archbishops of Canterbury have failed to speak out clearly and consistently against LGBT human rights abuses worldwide and against the frequent collusion with these abuses by local Anglicans. Large swathes of the Anglican global communion actively support the persecution of LGBT people, mostly without rebuke.
The Anglican churches of Nigeria and Uganda are supporting draconian new anti-gay bills that are currently before their respective parliaments.
Uganda's Anti Homosexuality Bill intensifies the criminalisation of LGBT people, including life imprisonment for mere sexual touching and the death penalty for repeat gay offenders. It also outlaws same-sex marriage, LGBT organisations and gay human rights advocacy.
Similar repression, excluding the death penalty, is enshrined in the Nigerian Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Bill.
I urge you to speak out against these totalitarian homophobic proposals.
Such concerns aside, I note with encouragement recent statements by you that may indicate a softening of your stance and a greater openness to LGBT equality.
Most commendably, you support strengthening gay relationships and recognise that love between people of the same sex is no less than that of heterosexual couples.
You are quoted as saying: "I know I need to listen very attentively to the LGBT communities, and examine my own thinking prayerfully and carefully."
Indeed, you have indicated that you are open to on-going discussion and dialogue with LGBT people, for which we thank you.
I urge you to show true moral leadership by standing against homophobic discrimination in favour of LGBT equality.
In the name of free speech, I have spoken out against the prosecution of Christian street preachers – even homophobic ones. I have defended persecuted Christians, especially in countries like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan.
I call on you to reciprocate.
It would, I believe, be wrong for you to collude – either consciously or by default – with those fellow Anglicans who reject gay equality.
I ask you: Would you make such compromises on equal rights in the case of ethnic minorities? I expect not. So why should LGBT people be treated differently?
My mother is a devout Christian. She believes that homosexuality is, according to The Bible, a sin; albeit not a major one. Equally, she believes homophobic discrimination is wrong. She makes a distinction between her personal beliefs and the law of the land.
I would, respectfully, urge you to do the same with regard to marriage equality and other legislation.
I understand and appreciate that you want to maintain Anglican unity and prevent a split in the communion. But is sacrificing LGBT equal rights morally justifiable in order to secure this goal? Is it a price worth paying to keep the church united? Should gay human rights be compromised to appease those in the worldwide communion who endorse homophobic persecution and legal discrimination?
I urge you:
Be a moral leader for universal human rights, including the human rights of LGBT people.
Yours sincerely,
Peter Tatchell
Peter Tatchell Foundation
[email protected]


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Caseous lymphadenitis (CL) is a chronic, contagious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Although prevalence of CL varies by region and country, it is found worldwide and is of major concern for small ruminant producers in North America. The disease is characterized by abscess formation in or near major peripheral lymph nodes (external form) or within internal organs and lymph nodes (internal form). Although both the external and internal forms of CL occur in sheep and goats, the external form is more common in goats, and the internal form is more common in sheep.
Economic losses from CL include death, condemnation and trim of infected carcasses, hide and wool loss, loss of sales for breeding animals, and premature culling of affected animals from the herd or flock. Once established on a farm or region (endemic), it is primarily maintained by contamination of the environment with active draining lesions, animals with the internal form of the disease that contaminate the environment through nasal discharge or coughing, the ability of the bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions, and lack of strict biosecurity necessary to reduce the number and prevent introduction of new cases. Although CL is typically considered a disease of sheep and goats, it also occurs more sporadically in horses, cattle, camelids, swine, wild ruminants, fowl, and people. Because of its zoonotic potential, care should be taken when handling infected animals or purulent exudate from active, draining lesions.
Etiology and Pathogenesis
C pseudotuberculosis is a gram-positive, facultative, intracellular coccobacillus. Two biotypes have been identified based on the ability of the bacteria to reduce nitrate: a nitrate-negative group that infects sheep and goats, and a nitrate-positive group that infects horses. Isolates from cattle are a heterogeneous group. All strains produce an exotoxin called phospholipase D that enhances dissemination of the bacteria by damaging endothelial cells and increasing vascular permeability. The bacterium has a second virulence factor, which is an external lipid coat that provides protection from hydrolytic enzymes in host phagocytes. Replication of bacteria occurs in the phagocytes, which then rupture and release bacteria. The ongoing process of bacterial replication, followed by attraction and subsequent death of inflammatory cells, forms the characteristic abscesses associated with CL.
To establish infection, C pseudotuberculosis must penetrate skin or mucous membranes. The most common site of entry is the skin after an injury that may result from shearing, tagging, tail docking, castration, or other environmental hazards resulting in skin trauma. Contact with purulent material draining from open, active lesions most commonly serves as the source of bacteria through these breaches in the skin. Although less common, entry across mucous membranes from inhalation or ingestion of the bacteria also serves as a means of infection.
Once the bacteria have entered the body, they move to the lymph nodes via the regional draining lymphatic system. Internally, the bacteria establish infection not only in the lymph nodes but also in the viscera. The incubation period varies from 1 to 3 months, culminating in development of encapsulated abscesses. C pseudotuberculosis is hardy in the environment and can survive on fomites such as bedding and wood for 2 months and in soil for 8 months. The presence of organic material, shade, and moisture favor and enhance survival.
Clinical Findings
The hallmark clinical finding in cases of external caseous lymphadenitis is the development of abscesses in the region of peripheral lymph nodes. Common sites of development include the submandibular, parotid, prescapular, and prefemoral nodes. Less commonly, abscessation of supramammary or inguinal lymph nodes occurs, in addition to an occasional ectopic location along the lymphatic chain. If left untreated, these lesions eventually mature into open draining abscesses. The purulent material from these lesions has no odor and varies in consistency from soft and pasty (more common in goats) to thick and caseous (more common in sheep). Once natural draining occurs, the skin lesion heals with scarring.
Recurrence is common, which can be months later. CL should be highly suspected in a sheep or goat with abscessation in these regions. Although other bacteria may cause abscessation in these locations (and in other animals), because of the ramifications of the presence of this disease within a herd or flock, these cases should be handled as CL until proved otherwise.
The internal form of CL most commonly presents as chronic weight loss and failure to thrive. The presence of other clinical signs depends on the organs of involvement, which may include any of the major organ systems. Lung abscessation is a common site of visceral involvement in internal CL; therefore, signs of chronic ill thrift with cough, purulent nasal discharge, fever, and tachypnea with increased lung sounds may be noted. The internal form is more common in sheep and has been termed the "thin ewe syndrome."
The incidence of abscesses and development of clinical disease with either the external or internal form increases with age.
In sheep, abscesses often have the classically described laminated "onion-ring" appearance in cross section, with concentric fibrous layers separated by inspissated caseous exudate. In goats, the abscesses are less organized, and the exudate may be soft and paste-like.
Physical examination of lesions associated with lymph nodes
Bacterial culture of suspected lesions
Serologic testing
The presence of an external abscess on a small ruminant is highly suggestive of caseous lymphadenitis, especially in locations of peripheral lymph nodes. However, definitive diagnosis is only by bacteriologic culture of purulent material from an intact abscess. Although other pyogenic organisms such as Trueperella pyogenes (formerly Arcanobacterium pyogenes), Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella multocida, and anaerobes such as Fusobacterium necrophorum can cause abscessation, affected animals should be kept isolated pending culture results.
Animals with visceral abscesses pose a greater diagnostic challenge. Radiography and ultrasonography can be useful to detect internal lesions. Culture of a transtracheal aspirate obtained from an animal with pneumonia can help determine whether CL is the cause. Excluding other causes of chronic weight loss and ill thrift in the face of proper nutrition and good appetite such as Johne's disease, parasitism, and poor dentition further raise suspicion.
In the absence of accessible abscesses for bacterial culture, definitive diagnosis of active cases of caseous lymphadenitis is challenging. Although many diagnostic tools are available, results of these tests must be interpreted with caution and with consideration of herd or flock history, the presence or absence of active infection within the herd or flock, and vaccination status. A synergistic hemolysin inhibition (SHI) test that detects antibodies to the phospholipase D exotoxin is available at many diagnostic laboratories. Positive titers indicate past resolved infections, recent exposure, recent vaccination, or active lesions or their development. Titers of 1:256 or higher have been correlated in past studies with the presence of active, developing abscesses; however, in a more recent study, a high titer was poorly correlated with presence or development of abscesses over an 18-month period.
When the status of an animal with a positive titer is in doubt, the titer should be repeated in 2–4 weeks. If the titer is rising and clinical signs of abscesses are noted, then CL can be assumed to be the cause. False-negative results can occur if testing is done in the first 2 weeks after exposure before the animal has seroconverted. Also, animals with chronic, walled-off abscesses can have a false-negative result. Colostrum titers usually disappear by 3–6 months of age, so serologic testing of lambs or kids < 6 months old should be interpreted with caution.
Treatment and Control
Antimicrobial treatment (intralesional and/or systemic)
Supportive care
Strict biosecurity measures
Elimination of diseased animals from the herd/flock
Disinfection of shearing equipment and other instruments used for production procedures (castration, ear tagging, etc) between animals
Removal of hazards in the environment that could potentially injure the skin
Prepurchase examination for lesions, serologic screening and a period of quarantine before introduction of new animals
Once a diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis has been established, owner education stressing the persistent, recurrent nature of the disease is necessary. The most practical approach for commercial animals infected with CL is to cull them from the herd or flock. However, animals with draining abscesses should not be sent through sale barns until draining has ceased and the wound has healed. Treatment of individual animals should be undertaken with the understanding that CL is not considered a "curable" disease. Animals with genetic or emotional value are treated mainly for aesthetic reasons and to limit their infectivity to the rest of the herd or flock. Treatment options have included lancing and draining, surgical excision, formalin injection of lesions, systemic antibiotics, and intralesional antibiotics.
If external abscesses are lanced and drained, the cavity should be lavaged with dilute iodine solution and the animal isolated in an area that can be disinfected until the lesion stops draining and heals. Drained purulent material should be carefully collected and disposed of. Dilute bleach and chlorhexidine solutions are effective disinfectants of hard surfaces and fomites, but the presence of organic material on these surfaces inactivates them and drastically reduces or prohibits effectiveness. Intact accessible abscesses can be surgically removed; however, this option is more expensive, and undetected abscesses are often present and continue to develop. Recurrence rates with either lancing or surgical removal are high.
The practice of injecting abscesses with formalin should be strongly discouraged, because the FDA has zero tolerance for extra-label use of a potent carcinogen in food-producing animals. The efficacy of systemic antimicrobial therapy and, more recently, intralesional antimicrobial therapy has been investigated. It must be noted here that the use of any antimicrobial for treatment of CL is extra-label; therefore, strict adherence to published guidelines on withdrawal times and an established veterinarian-client-patient relationship are mandatory. Longterm administration of procaine penicillin G and rifampin has been successful in some cases. Penicillin alone, although effective in vitro, is unlikely to penetrate the capsule of developed abscesses, as are many, if not most, of the water-soluble or moderately lipid-soluble antimicrobials.
Recent studies have shown that administration of one dose of tulathromycin at 2.5 mg/kg, either SC directly into the abscess cavity, or two doses at 2.5 mg/kg, administered at the same time, one SC and one intralesionally, can resolve the lesions without lancing the abscess. Further, effective concentrations of tulathromycin can be achieved within walled-off abscesses caused by C pseudotuberculosis after a single dose at 2.5 mg/kg, SC. The highly lipid-soluble property of tulathromycin may be particularly helpful in cases of internal CL, when abscesses are not accessible for other forms of treatment. Despite the efficacy of intralesional and parenteral administration of tulathromycin in many cases, recurrence remains a problem. Therefore, use of these drugs cannot be considered curative but rather an acceptable alternative to manage cases of CL when culling from the herd or flock is not an acceptable option for the owner.
Because of the nature of the causative organism, common means of exposure, chronicity of the disease, and difficulty in completely eliminating the organism from individual animals, control of CL focuses on strict biosecurity measures. The overriding goals of any control program are to eliminate the disease from the herd or flock and to reduce the number of new cases either from the spread of disease or introduction to the farm.
Ideally, animals identified as infected should immediately be culled. If immediate removal is not possible, infected animals should be isolated from the rest of the herd or flock. Diligence in this practice will eventually result in decreased prevalence as animals that develop active cases are identified and removed and given there are no new animals incubating the disease introduced to the premises.
When elimination through culling is not a viable option for the owner, control of CL is challenging at best. Dividing the herds or flocks into "clean" and "infected" groups and eliminating older and less genetically valuable animals over time is one control strategy.
Lambs and kids from infected dams can be raised on pasteurized colostrum and milk away from infected animals. However, the internal form of CL and animals incubating the disease can maintain infection within the "asymptomatic clean" group and limit the success of this approach.
Commercial CL vaccines are currently licensed for use in sheep and goats. These vaccines should only be used in the species they are labeled for, because adverse reactions have been reported in goats given vaccine labeled for sheep. Rigidly adhering to vaccination schedules according to the manufacturer's labeling can help reduce the prevalence and incidence of CL within herds or flocks. However, it is important to emphasize that efficacy of these vaccines is not 100%, and vaccination will not clear infected animals. Vaccination of young replacement stock should be considered, and older infected animals should be gradually culled as economics allow. Once the disease is at a low prevalence rate, vaccination should be stopped and all seropositive unvaccinated animals culled. In "clean" herds or flocks that have no history of CL, vaccination is not recommended.
The risks of disease transmission among animals should be recognized when shearing or dipping, and management practices should be adjusted accordingly. Animals with noted lesions should be shorn last, and clipper blades disinfected between animals. Shearers should recognize the hazards associated with contact with purulent material and the possibility of acting as mechanical vectors, either on clothing or via equipment, for spread of the bacteria to new animals. Further, dipping tank solutions should be kept as fresh as possible, because C pseudotuberculosis can survive within them and serve as a source of infection of freshly shorn sheep that have skin abrasions.
Owners should remove hazardous items (barbed wire, exposed nails, rough feeders) from the environment to decrease injury and potential CL transmission from the presence of bacteria on these fomites.
One of the most common ways CL can be introduced into a previously "clean" herd or flock, or reintroduced to one in which CL has been reduced or eliminated, is through the addition of replacement stock. Often, animals from other farms that are asymptomatic on arrival are incubating the disease and then manifest infection weeks to months later. Purchasing animals from sources with unknown histories is hazardous to maintaining a "clean" herd or flock. Newly arrived animals should be examined thoroughly for signs of CL, such as abscesses or scars near peripheral lymph nodes. They should remain isolated from the rest of the herd or flock until their serologic status is determined, and only animals that are seronegative with no evidence of present or past CL lesions should be allowed to enter the herd or flock.
Key Points
Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic disease that is challenging, if not impossible, to eliminate within an individual animal. Sustained antimicrobial therapy may lead to apparent resolution of lesions, but recurrence is common. The internal form of CL is characterized clinically as chronic weight loss, is difficult to definitively diagnose antemortem, and serves as a means to unknowingly maintain potentially infective animals within the herd/flock.
Despite reported success with various antimicrobial regimens coupled with strict biosecurity measures, eliminating affected animals from the herd or flock remains the best way to eliminate caseous lymphadenitis. Vaccination protocols can aid in reducing the numbers of new cases within a herd or flock, but adhering rigidly to the manufacturer's label directions is paramount to efficacy.
In situations where elimination of affected animals is not desirable, dividing "clean" and "infected" animals into separate herds/flocks, prompt antimicrobial treatment, isolation of animals with active lesions, and culling of aged infected animals may eventually lead to decreased prevalence of CL.
Owners/managers of clean herds/flocks should carefully evaluate potential additions of animals by close examination for potential CL lesions, serologic testing, and mandating periods of quarantine before introduction to the herd/flock.


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Except, of course, they do. Every other farmer follows suit, and conditions on The Commons begin to deteriorate. With everyone following their individual, immediate self-interest, there's no natural stopping point until The Commons is ruined and all the sheep starve farmers, too. Eventually, The Commons recovers, but the village does not.
Our tiny blue ball of a planet is a lot like that. We each enjoy the freedom to earn a little piece of our own, and most of it consists of The Commons: the air including weather and climate, water in rivers, oceans and aquifers, and the land, most of which is owned in-common through governments. It's a remarkably resilient Commons that operates in a kind of balance across time too long for us to contemplate. It can absorb all kinds of insults, from outer space meteor collisions to eruptions from within. It's indifferent to its specific villagers, except as they play a transient role in the grand balanced scheme. Inhabitant species come and go; the planet endures.
Over time, our species has earned a reputation as serial trashers of various smaller Commons. Expand that medieval farming village to a city, for example, and it was prone to disease from sewage running in the gutters. Humankind has responded in two ways: invoke rules and work in-concert to restore and maintain The Commons, or move-on to deplete or despoil other locations.
Think of our own country's history: the westward expansion fueled by Manifest Destiny, careless exploitation of seemingly boundless resources -- and then the fundamental changes wrought by 'the closing of the frontier.' It forced Americans to start living consciously, in-concert with each other, since there was no more 'Out There' out there.
The world, with its now 7 billion human inhabitants, has reached the point where our global frontier has closed the habitable places are all spoken-for; hell, even Houston is spoken-for. We've also put our Commons under pressure, and, without going all Hillary on you, the fate of our global village depends on how we respond: together via governments, acting on corporations and individuals.
The term coined to define conscious actions taken with our fundamental relationship with The Commons in-mind is sustainability: living today in such a way that the earth remains habitable for future generations. Organizations as diverse as Sierra Club http://www.sierraclub.org/sustainable_consumption/, the UN via its Agenda 21 http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf and The Business Roundtable (the CEOs of America's largest corporations) http://businessroundtable.org/studies-and-reports/create-grow-sustain/ have embraced the concept.
Corporations have so far felt the brunt of rules made to promote sustainability, as their scale dwarfs the impact most individuals can have on The Commons. The evolution of corporate thinking in this realm is instructive.
In corporate/economic parlance, assaults on The Commons are called "externalities" that is, if your factory generates methyl-ethyl-death as a waste that you can flush down the river, its costs are ultimately borne by others outside the business. Companies have had to 'internalize' those costs since the late 1960s founding of the EPA (per President Nixon), under such laws as the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act and RCRA.
Their first steps were to either dilute wastes to below legal threshold limits (e.g., taller smokestacks), or dispose of them more carefully. Dilution obviously has limits in our global closed system, and proper disposal can be costly. Doing what corporations do, they devoted resources to minimizing those expenses, and alternative processes were implemented. In many instances, modern alchemists turned former wastes streams into products made golden in circumstances nobody had considered when the materials were flushable. We generally get to see those happy outcomes in the form of commercials.
A second step has involved creating products that are, themselves, more benign, to further reduce the costs of "cradle-to-grave" responsibility (like plastic bottles recyclable into carpets, and vice versa). And finally, in some parts of the world, companies have embraced or been led to so-called "cradle-to-cradle" processes.
In these cases, they give forethought not only to disposal or recycling, but also to re-use in the next home of those particular molecules: a 2010 BMW built with its participation in the 2020 model in-mind. The Business Roundtable link above takes you to five years of annual reports from America's corporate titans on their considerable sustainability efforts. Prominent East Bay companies are well-represented.
As individuals, we've been asked to participate both directly (as in household waste separation) and by paying higher prices for some products whose global impact is now included in the cost. Like denizens of those early cities, we can no longer empty our chamber pots into the street, but must pay for the sewer infrastructure to manage waste, together. Similarly, fuels and cars run much cleaner than earlier versions, and are more expensive. In most instances, these changes have been marginal and the results clearly evident: (most) cities are livable (even Houston, mostly), and you can no longer cut LA's air with a knife (most days).
But what happens when the results are less visible, and sustainability calls for greater adjustments? Is it 'green tyranny?' Find out next week, in part 2.
Synopsis: over-grazing The Commons any Commons is generally a bad idea.


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Stayed tuned for the next post: The Good, The Bad, & The Ugly -- more about medication. But first, I need to run to the store.
Dinah, ClinkShrink, & Roy produce Shrink Rap: a blog by Psychiatrists for Psychiatrists, interested bystanders are also welcome. A place to talk; no one has to listen.
Monday, March 19, 2007
Life is Full of Risks
Stayed tuned for the next post: The Good, The Bad, & The Ugly -- more about medication. But first, I need to run to the store.
11 comments:
- Roy said...
Risks are always more acceptable when you know what they are. There's no doubt that there needs to be better ways of describing these risks of medications. A piece of paper folded like a small map, with print too small to read without a magnifying glass, is no way to describe these risks. The FDA has started using a clearer message to describe risks, like the previously mentioned nutrition label.
BTW, I read a book review in the March 26 BusinessWeek about the book, How Doctors Think, by Jerome Groopman, MD. Sounds like a good read.
" The most practical part of Groopman's book is the epilogue. There he encourages patients to challenge their doctors and even suggests the exact language to use. He recommends broad, open-ended questions such as "What else could it be?" or "Is there anything that doesn't fit?" After reading these tales of misdiagnoses and life-threatening decisions, patients will likely decide to take his advice."
- March 19, 2007
- jcat said...
I'm a patient. I'd like to think I'm a reasonably intelligent patient. With good access to info, and the motivation to read it, understand it, and if I don't understand straight off, a good enough relationship with my p-doc, to ask for help.
I'm a patient though. And I'm seeing my p-doc because regardless of how intelligent I might be, I'm miserable. I'm suicidal. I'm wasting whatever brain I have because I'm miserable and suicidal.
Regardless of opinions on the Big Pharma co's and their profit motivation, I still don't see that any anti-depressant, anti-psychotic, anti anything drug would actually have made it through the labs, trials, marketing, FDA etc without at least some indication that it might actually be just a tiny bit anti-depressing or whatever. For at least a reasonable percentage of people, and without having serious side-effects for at least a reasonable subset of those people.
Although I still reckon I will take just about any drug available, based on the stats and odds of side-effects, it ultimately still comes down to the most important bit of research....
I trust my p-doc.
And if you don't have that, yeah - change docs, change towns, change countries. Whatever. Maybe, change your mindset.
Psych/neuro stuff is unlike everything else. Stuff that messes with your whole being needs more thought and investigation than stuff that plays with your digestion or your toenails. Ultimately, it requires more trust and belief than anything else ever. Including your marriage partner or anyone else. And if you can't comfortably give that to the doc you have, then yes - move doctors. If you can....then isn't about time a lot of the posters here did that? Wholeheartedly?
- March 19, 2007
- jcat said...
Sorry, clink - with the exception of most of your patients. -))
- March 19, 2007
- ClinkShrink said...
LOL I understand jcat.
Post more kat pictures when you get a chance. They were cute little guys.
- March 19, 2007
- Unknown said...
There are risks in anything, you are quite right. Yet, I cannot help feeling that psych's do not do anywhere near enough to explain risks.
Years ago I ran a metallurgy lab. When a student or new hire came in I spent time explaining the risks of the various chemicals and machinery. For instance, we used a lot of Chromic Acid. I spent time explaining the stuff from the yellow dye effect all the way through genetic change.
There was always someone who didn't listen, especially to the minor stuff. Some students dropped their pocket contents into the salt spray cabinet in spite of being told not to have anything in their shirt pockets. About half of the female students got their breasts dunked in the water trap in spite of being told to use the leather blanket ... that's what it was there for!
On and on that went.
Yet, when seeing a psychiatrist it does seem that there is no discussion at all of risk. No warnings. Not much of anything except "here get this script filled and take it." Some would not listen to risk warnings, but most would.
I cannot help but compare the two things and see the very large difference. That is my personal experience and thoughts.
- March 20, 2007
- Sarebear said...
Crap! Alot of this post sounds like the way I think.
One day last year, the school called and said my dd had a bad cough, and they were concerned. So hubby went to go get her, and I went from oh no, it's got to be pretty bad for them to call us, to, ohmygosh, hubby is taking her to the hospital, to ohno, she's going to die.
Written in stark black and white like that, it seems like it should be so illogical and extreme. Thing is, it makes perfect sense to me because I FELT it (ok, ER going on in CBT terms, here.)
Anyway. I just thought it was funny that alot of your post is how I think. I just have to figure out how to sort out the ok stuff from the ramped up stuff.
I agree w/the point you are making about meds and risk and benefits and vs. and stuff.
The first med my former and so far only iatrist prescribed was Lamictal. I got the warning about if a rash appeared, to get in touch with him ASAP. Most times, the rash would not lead to anything, but sometimes it can be deadly. Anyway, lo and behold, in the 5th week my husband noticed a rash. I couldn't get ahold of my iatrist, so I got ahold of whomever was on call for my GP, and they were glad I had called (rather than making me feel like I had bothered them unnecessarily, like in previous instances when I've done this). I followed their advice (this was on Saturday), and got in touch w/the iatrist first thing Monday morning, also as recommended by the GP but I would've done it anyway.
I'm actually sad about the Lamictal rash; I feel that perhaps backing off on the dose and titrating up much more slowly (even though it was fairly slow to begin with), as has seen good results by others, would have been beneficial, esp. since this medicine doesn't add weight (sorry for bringing up that recent issue!), and also has a bit of an anti-depression effect to boot, or so I was told, besides stabilizing mood.
Anyway, sorry to go on so long. I think my Lamictal illustrates several things about balancing risk; the warnings about the rash, and the definite medical concern by the docs when I was one of the few it happened to; the fact that some iatrists out there will take a less drastic approach, back off, and ramp it up slower, although I don't think any official studies have been done (and I was too afraid of iatrist to mention it, and that was early in our relationship too). So different iatrists have a different approach to risk management, regarding risks such as this rash. It just DEPENDS. They do what they think is best, in their medical judgement, but of course that involves a zillion factors, and just cause one doc does it one way, and another, another, doesn't mean either is wrong, necessarily, or at all.
Oops. Long. But pertinent.
- March 20, 2007
- Sarebear said...
Or is that imPertinent? hee hee.
- March 20, 2007
- Alison Cummins said...
The difference between the risk of driving and the risk of taking medication is that we feel like we understand the first. It's mechanical. We've seen accidents, we may have been in them, we've certainly been in near-misses,
But... what's the risk of a psychiatric medication? Will you be able to see a car coming and pull off onto the shoulder, or will you be sitting there blind as something crashes into you unexpectedly?
Is the risk to my body or to my sense of self?
Who is allowed to judge when the risk is acceptable? Who gets to say how bad I am when I'm sick and how much the meds are helping? I might have very strong feelings about the matter, but at the same time not have full confidence that they are valid - or have no confidence at all that they will be taken seriously even if they are.
The first time I saw my current psychiatrist I had just endured a horrible, suicidal summer trying to get help. I had been taking large amounts of Paxil and finally quit cold turkey because I couldn't stand it any more. I was having nightmares and palpitations and was told (by a psychiatrist) that was not possible because quitting Paxil does not cause nightmares or palpitations. (It does of course, which has since been documented medically. But because it wasn't in the papers yet, my experience was discounted.) I was becoming very frightened that I would not be able to get help and that I would end up killing myself despite my efforts to save myself.
Anyway. I found a psychiatrist. She found me weeping bitterly in her waiting room because her door had been closed and I didn't know whether to knock or not. After a brief interview she said that normally she didn't prescribe meds right away to someone she didn't know well, but I was clearly very depressed. She prescribed me the smallest amount of Zoloft prescribable, explaining that while I would probably ultimately need more, she wanted me to try this small dose for a couple of weeks because there was no sense increasing it to a standard dose if I couldn't tolerate the small dose.
That was a very tactful introduction, and I appreciated it very much. I don't recall that she warned me about any specific side effects, but that was ok because I knew by then that the ones I was most worried about wouldn't be listed in the tiny print on the medication insert or in the CPS anyway.
Sweaty hands, headaches, dry mouth - I could deal with those. Fatal rash - I can see it and report it. But not feeling like myself? Losing the ability to read and assimilate text? Being disconnected from my moral compass? No longer being able to do mental arithmetic, because thinking about numbers has become like trying to pick up ball bearings with chopsticks?
Trying to explain to a doctor that the meds are doing strange things to you and having the doctor say something like, Well what do you expect? Serves you right for trying to use meds to avoid responsibility for dealing with your life.
When I was taking Paxil I read everything I could about it. I had been given it by a GP who told me he knew nothing about it or about treating depression, but he had samples of these lying around and I could always try them. I didn't find anything in the CPC or patient inserts I felt was relevant. (Before quitting it cold turkey a year later I also reviewed the available material and determined that the only possible risk to quitting the stuff quickly was perhaps a little nausea. I was perfectly prepared to risk a little nausea to get off the hated Paxil. Hah!)
When I got the Zoloft, I went briefly over the patient inserts and confirmed that it was basically the same dry mouth and tummy troubles as for Paxil. Yawn.
While I was taking valproate, I could barely remember what it was called. "Those red pills."
The difference is largely that I trust my psychiatrist. Sure, I trust her not to prescribe me anything that she thinks is high-risk without warning me, but she let me know right off that she didn't necessarily expect that any given med and I would hit it off, and gave me lots of room for feedback of a more nebulous sort. I knew I could tell her if something wasn't right, because she started off with that being one of her primary concerns.
Anyway, there's more to risk and its acceptability than numbers or documentation or fine print. And I wish there was a way of documenting how people felt about being on a medication that went beyond percentage of people reporting headaches.
- March 20, 2007
- Sarebear said...
Yeah, Allison . . . that factor that is the doctor and the patient working in tandem, the patient reporting the problems on the meds, and the IMPACT, the LEVEL and AMOUNT of impact, both positive and negative, that the meds have on the patient's life . . . it is, of course, up to the patient to report difficulties, and also to express what they think might be more than they can handle, in the way of negative or side effects, and then the iatrist can discuss with them options, the reasoning behind prescribing that med, with discussion of it's efficacy vs. it's downsides, the results of going off of it vs. the meds' downsides . . . the thing is, some docs are a bit . . . affronted when the patient reports problems, and seems to be questioning the doc's judgement in prescribing it. I had to push through that, and do it, even though my iatrist reacted extremely personally and was rather offended at me being so persistent in that one discussion about what was going on that I was concerned about, w/being on the particular med. See, I knew that I needed to, for my best medical care possible, to report in full (well, not hours of detail but you get my drift, condensed as much as I am able but to tell it so I felt like I had given "enough" for him to get a picture, or feel for what I was trying to express.) Since he was affronted, I EXPLAINED that, that last, that I felt as the patient in the doc/patient relationship, it was part of my "job" as patient to tell my thoughts and concerns, even if it seemed like I was questioning his opinion, because then we could have an open, full, and helpful discussion about it.
This is one of the things that was a big problem in our doc/patient relationship. When I was communicating with him, he seemed to be taking things in a much different way than what I was expressing. That probably means there were both problems in my expressing things, and problems with his listening and interpreting, but I feel I did a pretty good job of expressing stuff. Anyway, he also seemed to take things I'd say as being about a different . . . aspect of . . . beingness, a completely different page of whatever was being discussed, than I actually was talking about. Anyway, rather frustrating.
My POINT though, is sparked by stuff Allison said; that factor that is the working relationship and therapeutic relationship between iatrist and patient . . . the factor of the interplay, the exchange, the openness and trust . . . the ability of the iatrist to respect the patient, and accept the patient's questions and concerns and sometimes reluctance or even desire to stop a med . . . the iatrist's willingness or lack thereof to LISTEN to this and to be OPEN to exploring the situation . . . of which degree of either willingness or lack thereof is a HUGE factor in this partnership for improving and maintaining one's mental health.
I don't know if you followed all that . . . I've been up all night, AGAIN.
Just . . . there's a factor in the risk management of meds, of RESPECTING the patient (although some patients surely don't respect or treat their doc w/respect) and encouraging open and even critically explorative reexamination from time to time, of the meds, THAT INVOLVES THE THOUGHTS< FEELINGS< AND EXPERIENCE< , QUESTIONS, CONCERNS, ETC. of the patient.
Ack, WAY long. Sorry!!! When considering meds and pros and cons, it ultimately is not just the iatrist's judgement involved, although I respect the iatrist and if they continue to feel I should be on something I'm having probs with, I'd keep on. But you see there, that ends up in my lap as my decision.
- March 20, 2007
- pemdas said...
Apologies for the long comment
I take an active role in the risk/benefit analysis with my psychiatrist when it comes to meds. I wasn't always such an active participant in this process.
A little more than 6 years ago while taking Tegretol, I started exhibiting severe flu-like symptoms; and several days later, friends tell me, I began to jaundice. As timing would have it, the results from my monthly blood work became available. I'm sure you can figure it out -- my liver enymzes were out of this world -- AST, ALT, and GGTP all in the 1200's.
Because I had never been briefed of the possible risk of FULMINANT LIVER FAILURE! I didn't seek any extraordinary medical treatment. Just sought routine care from my GP because I felt like crap --nearly killed me.
The good thing about fulminant liver failure is that it doesn't waste much time in announcing it's arrival and it's usually quite dramatic. If that 10-day coma doesn't get your attention nothing will ;) But what really grabbed my attention were those 108 staples in my gut and someone telling me I had had a liver transplant. HELLO!
Knowing all the risks of tegretol would not have changed my decision to take the med. However, I would have prefered to know these risks because I would have been a more informed patient, better able to advocate for myself.
- March 20, 2007
- Unknown said...
sarebear: I know the feeling of not communicating with the psych. There were many times when I was sure I was speaking a language she did not understand. HMPH! I've always thought my english quite good, but ... the communication was simply not there.
I do not know why this happens, but you and I are certainly not the only ones to express the problem.
I might add another note on risk: I never bothered fully explaining WHY I made everyone boot lace their shoes/boots other than saying it was so that the footwear can be cut off faster. The full reasoning would be several pages long.
It seems to me that I never got even that much (do it this way ... watch out for this) from a psychiatrist.
The risk thing has been really frustrating.
- March 21, 2007


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Reaching out to new audiences
Our mission is to ensure that all people have access to a safe, decent place in which to live. In order to reach that goal we must engage many more people in our work.
Volunteering on a Habitat construction site has proven to be a mighty motivator, but not everyone is capable of supporting our mission through construction. We must also take every opportunity to reach others through presentations and events.
Telling Habitat's story to:
Audiences of 100 or less No one knows our story better than those who serve our mission. Our local affiliates are wonderful resources when seeking information or a speaker for a special event. Affiliates will often be happy to provide a staff person or volunteer who can effectively tell the story of our work in the local area. Find your local Habitat for Humanity affiliate.
Audiences greater than 100 When the expected audience for an event is larger than 100 people, it may be appropriate to request a speaker from our Speakers Bureau. For help in assessing whether or not you should contact the Speakers Bureau, read the Speakers Bureau FAQsand direct any follow-up questions to speakersbureau [at] habitat [dot] org.
Requesting a speaker from the Habitat for Humanity International Speakers Bureau
If you decide that requesting a speaker from the Speakers Bureau is the appropriate course of action:
- Read the Speakers Bureau member bios carefully.
- Once your request is received, the Speakers Bureau coordinator will work with you to meet your needs as fully as possible.
About our speakers
Speakers Bureau members have been selected from our professional staff, Board of Directors, State Support Organizations and volunteers. However, there are many experts on staff at Habitat for Humanity International. Those whose bios are available on our website are only a portion of the number of staff people who can motivate and inspire your audience.
Speakers Bureau members can address many topics including:
- History of Habitat for Humanity.
- Habitat's work around the world
- Finance and microfinance
- Disaster response
- Habitat in the 21st century
- Economic impact of Habitat housing
- Servant leadership


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Podcast Series: Asthma Community Network – Conversations for Advancing Action
This podcast series explores best practices for reducing the impact of asthma, especially in underserved communities. Hear from people who have successfully developed asthma management programs that have improved health outcomes in their communities. Learn about their effective health delivery systems; strategies for addressing environmental triggers; key partnerships; and the tools and resources they use to achieve outstanding results.
Current Episode
In this episode, Jessica Ramsay and Kim Artis explain the best practices that led to the Sinai Urban Health Institute's community health worker program's success and discuss highlights of the study. This includes the importance of proper training and support for community health workers before, during, and after they deliver in-home asthma care services. Join us for an in-depth look at how collaborative partnerships, thorough monitoring and evaluation practices, and full engagement with the community can be leveraged to address asthma disparities.
Previous Episodes
Episode 14: A + IAQ: Cost-Effective First Steps for Schools to Implement an IAQ Management Program and Improve Asthma Outcomes
The first few days of school are an exciting time for children and parents. They also can be a time of anxiety if your child has asthma or allergies... Read More
Episode 13—Getting Ahead of Asthma: How States Are Implementing Primary Prevention to Reduce Onset of Asthma
The Massachusetts Strategic Plan for Asthma is the first state asthma plan in the nation to address how primary prevention can reduce the onset of... Read More
Episode 12—What Is a Social Impact Bond, and Why Does Asthma Present a Good Fit for This Innovative Financing Mechanism?
In this episode, Ruth Ann Norton, President and CEO of the Green & Healthy Homes Initiative, explains her organization's experience with social... Read More
In Episode 9, we heard Kevin Kennedy describe the key steps his program is taking to prepare for reimbursement for home visitation and assessment... Read More
Weatherization Plus Health programs enable collaboration among local providers of energy, health, and safety services to low–income families. The... Read More
In Episode 8, we heard CMS share their insights on the new Medicaid reimbursement provision for non-medical providers delivering preventive care... Read More
This is the State Plan Amendment (SPA) under which Multnomah County Environmental Health's Targeted Case Management- Healthy Homes Program... Read More
WIN for Asthma, an award-winning asthma management program, engages Community Health Workers to offer comprehensive asthma education through home... Read More


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At the beginning of January, it is a tradition to try and forecast the events of the coming year. And, I've tried to do that, every year, with limited success. Timing is not my strength, as I have demonstrated over the past few years. Having said that, there aren't many who have done any better. So, I'm in good company.
However, there is one thing that I can predict with a great deal of confidence:
2019 will be difficult.
My fear is that this will be a great understatement. I certainly hope that it will be smooth sailing with perfect sunsets and fields of green. But, don't bet on it.


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INTERNATIONAL FALLS, Minn. (AP) — Dozens of layoffs are still expected at the Boise Inc. plant in International Falls, despite news the company is being acquired by Packaging Corp. of America.
International Falls plant spokeswoman Lori Lyman tells WDIO-TV (https://bit.ly/17Goemy ) the acquisition doesn't change the loss of 265 local Boise jobs. International Falls Mayor Bob Anderson says the new owner will continue to be the largest employer in the city and the county even after the layoffs.
Packaging Corp. of America announced Monday that it's buying Boise for nearly $1.3 billion, acquiring additional containerboard needed to support its growth.
Both companies' boards unanimously approved the acquisition, which is expected to close in the fourth quarter.


text: A New York judge defended a controversial order that gave the government access to all content of the Gmail account of a target in a money laundering investigation, holding that courts have long recognized the practical need for law enforcement to seize documents if only to determine whether they fall within the warrant.[U.S. government seeking easier hacking sparks privacy debate]The opinion, which will likely fuel the privacy debate in the country, is at odds with decisions by judges in several courts including courts in the Districts of Columbia and Kansas, Magistrate Judge Gabriel W. Gorenstein of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York noted in an opinion Friday.The District of Columbia judge had refused disclosure of the contents of an entire email account because that would allow the government to actually seize large quantities of emails "for which it has not established probable cause."The court in Kansas criticized a similar warrant as it failed to "limit the universe of electronic communications and information to be turned over to the government to the specific crimes being investigated."The New York court, in contrast, granted on June 11 a warrant that permitted law enforcement to obtain emails and other information from a Gmail account, including the address book and draft mails, and to permit a search of the emails for certain specific categories of evidence.Courts have recognized that on-site searches of hard-disk drives of computers and other storage devices are not practical given the complexities of electronic searches, and have as a result allowed for the seizure or copying of such storage, Judge Gorenstein wrote. He held that the same applied to email accounts."We perceive no constitutionally significant difference between the searches of hard drives just discussed and searches of email accounts," the judge wrote. "Indeed, in many cases, the data in an email account will be less expansive than the information that is typically contained on a hard drive."Responding to the opinion by the District of Columbia court that gave the government the option of getting the email host to search the emails, Judge Gorenstein wrote that Google employees would not be able to arrive at the significance of particular emails without having been trained in the substance of the investigation."While an agent steeped in the investigation could recognize the significance of particular language in emails, an employee of the email host would be incapable of doing so," he wrote.The court did not also place any limits on the manner or time frame in which the emails should be searched or retained.[House votes to outlaw NSA's bulk collection of phone records]"For example, in a drug investigation, it might be obvious based on information from an informant or other source that emails referring to the purchase or importation of 'dolls' refers to cocaine, but investigators might only learn as the investigation unfolds that a seemingly innocuous email referring to purchase of 'potatoes' also refers to a cocaine shipment," the judge wrote.Google could not be immediately reached for comment on the opinion.John Ribeiro covers outsourcing and general technology breaking news from India for The IDG News Service. Follow John on Twitter at @Johnribeiro. John's e-mail address is firstname.lastname@example.com


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San Diego, CA (SportsNetwork.com) - San Diego State couldn't stop Cameron Bairstow, so head coach Steve Fisher turned to a 1-3-1 zone.
New Mexico never had an answer after that.
Xavier Thames had 23 points and five steals and No. 10 San Diego State clinched the Mountain West regular-season title with a 51-48 victory over 21st-ranked New Mexico.
After Alex Kirk's jumper staked the Lobos to a 41-25 advantage with 12:04 left, the Aztecs (27-3, 16-2 MWC) switched to the zone and Bairstow, who had 19 points to that point, netted just one the rest of the way.
Bairstow had 26 points in New Mexico's 58-44 triumph over San Diego State on Feb. 22.
San Diego State, meanwhile, closed the game on a 26-7 run.
Dwayne Polee II, who anchored the zone, tallied four of the Aztecs' eight steals in the final 12 minutes.
The Aztecs, who won despite shooting 39.6 percent (19-of-48) from the floor and missing all nine of their 3-point attempts, closed the year with four straight wins.
Kirk finished with 14 points and 11 rebounds for New Mexico (24-6, 15-3), which had its six-game winning streak snapped.
A Josh Davis steal led to a Polee layup, which staked San Diego State to a 44-42 edge with 4:58 to go.
New Mexico countered as DeShawn Delaney knocked down a left corner triple -- the first 3-pointer for either team -- with 4:30 to play.
Neither team scored again until Thames put the Aztecs up for good after hitting a short pull-up jumper for a 46-45 SDSU lead with 2:57 remaining. J.J. O'Brien split a pair from the foul line with 38 ticks on the clock to make it 47-45 and Kendall Williams missed badly on a potential go-ahead trey with nine seconds left.
Thames then sunk two free throws to seal the outcome.
Earlier, the Aztecs opened up an 18-11 advantage, but New Mexico closed the half on a 15-2 run to take a 26-20 lead into the break.
Bairstow and Kirk poured in six points apiece during a 15-0 run to stake New Mexico to its 41-25 margin.
Game Notes
The Aztecs finished 15-1 at Viejas Arena this season ... Davis pulled down nine rebounds ... The Lobos shot 45.2 percent (19-of-42) from the field and 14.3 percent (2-of-14) from beyond the arc.


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Guest Post by Willis Eschenbach
I got to thinking about how the information about temperatures is presented. Usually, we are shown a graph something like Fig. 1, which shows the change in the US temperatures over the last century.
Figure 1. Change in the US annual temperatures, 1895-2009. Data from the US Historical Climate Network (USHCN DATA) [Yes, it's in Fahrenheit, not Celsius, but hey, it's US temperature, and besides I'm doing it in solidarity with our valiant allies, all the other noble countries that are bravely fighting a desperate rear-guard action against the global metric conspiracy … Liberia and Myanmar …]
Whoa, this is obviously a huge and scary change, look at the slope of that trend line, this must be something that calls for immediate action. So, what's not to like about this graph?
What's wrong with it is that there is nothing in the graph that we can compare to our normal existence. Usually, we don't even go so far as to think "Well, it's changed about one degree Fahrenheit, call it half a degree C, that's not even enough to feel the difference."
So I decided to look for a way to present exactly the same information so that it would make more sense, a way that we can compare to our actual experience. Fig. 2 is one way to do that. It shows the US temperature, month by month, for each year since 1895.
Figure 2. US yearly temperatures by month, 1895-2009. Each line represents the record for a different year. Red line is the temperature in 2009. Data source as in Fig. 1. Photo is Vernal Falls, Yosemite
Presented in this fashion, we are reminded that the annual variation in temperature is much, much larger than the ~ 1°F change in US temperatures over the last century. The most recent year, 2009, is … well … about average. Have we seen any terrible results from the temperature differences between even the coolest and warmest years, differences which (of course) are much larger than the average change over the last century? If so, I don't recall those calamities, and I remember nearly half of those years …
To investigate further, Fig. 3 looks at the decadal average changes in the same way.
Figure 3. US decadal average temperatures by month, 1900-2009. Red line is the average for the decade 2000-2009. Photo is Half Dome, Yosemite.
Most months of the year there is so little change in the decadal averages that the lines cannot be distinguished. The warming, what there is, occurred mostly in the months of November, December, January, and February. Slightly warmer temperatures in the winter … somehow, that doesn't strike me as anything worth breathing hard about.
My point in all of this is that the temperature changes that we are discussing (a global rise of a bit more than half a degree C in the last century) are trivially small. A half degree change cannot be sensed by the human body. In addition, the changes are generally occurring in the winter, outside of the tropics in the cooler parts of the planet, and at night. Perhaps you see this small warming, as has often been claimed, as a huge problem that "vastly eclipses that of terrorism" (the Guardian). Maybe you think this is a pressing concern which is the "defining issue of our era" (UN Secretary Ban Ki-Moon).
I don't. I'm sorry, but for me, poverty and injustice and racial prejudice and totalitarian regimes and recurring warfare and a lack of clean drinking water and torture and rampant disease and lack of education and child prostitution and a host of other problems "vastly eclipse" the possibility of a degree or two of warming happening at night in the winter in the extra-tropics fifty years from now.
Finally, the USHCN records are not adjusted for the urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHI is the warming of the recording thermometers that occurs as the area around the temperature recording station is developed. Increasing buildings, roads, pavement, and the cutting down of trees all tend to increase recorded temperatures. Various authors (e.g. McKitrick, Spencer, Jones) have shown that UHI likely explains something on the order of half of the recorded temperature rise. So even the small temperature rise shown above is probably shown somewhere about twice as large as it actually is …
My conclusion? Move along, folks, nothing to see here …
[UPDATE – Steven Goddard points out below that the USHCN does in fact include a UHI adjustment in their data. The adjustment is detailed here. I don't agree with the adjustment, because inter alia they claim that the UHI reduces the maximum temperatures in cities. This is contrary to my personal experience and to many studies that find it is hotter in the cities during the daytime as well as at night. But they do make an adjustment.]


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The October Virtual Tasting wine is tonight! The wine is the Renegade Wine Co. 2011 Columbia Valley Red Wine. This wine retails for $10 and is widely available. The tasting will take place from 7-8pm Pacific.
What you need to do to participate is:
1. Buy this month's wine from a local retailer or from the winery.
2. Tweet your comments about the wine on Twitter between 7 and 8pm Pacific tonight using the hashtag #RWineCo. For those on Twitter, follow me @wawinereport.


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ASA Minority Fellowship Program
Program Description
The MFP fellowship is a pre-doctoral training program intended for the development of sociologists of color interested in mental health and drug abuse research. Sociological research and research training should focus on the causes, treatment, or prevention of mental disorders or drug abuse. MFP seeks to attract talented doctoral students to ensure a diverse and highly trained workforce is available to assume leadership. The program is co-funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and by the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA). Research on core areas of the research missions of NIMH and NIDA include schizophrenia, depression, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, drug abuse and addiction across the life course. In addition, research focusing on stigma associated with mental disorders and drug abuse, compliance to treatment; disparities in access, treatment, and service delivery; assessments of risk and protective factors of mental disorders; and abuse are all relevant to the missions and priorities of the NIMH and NIDA. Sociologists have much to contribute to these research agendas, including basic research on health disparities, the characteristics of service delivery systems that work, and the characteristics of strategies for their successful wide spread implementation.


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Tech Hub Electronics
Wireless Charger
Regular price $30.00
Unit price
Description: Features FASTER WIRELESS CHARGING: The 10W Fast Charging Mode is compatible only with for Samsung Galaxy S9/S9 Plus/S8/S8 Plus/Note 9/Note 8/Note 5/S6 Edge/S7/S7 Edge and other Galaxy Note and Galaxy S's higher series products, The 7.5W Fast charging is compatible for iPhone X/XS/XS MAX/XR, iPhone8/8 plus, (other Qi-enabled devices will charge at standard wireless charging speeds ). MULTIFUNCTIONAL PROTECTION: A future design make it ultra slim, no annoying beeps, no plastic smell, even the LED indicator is low-key and causes no disturbance in the night. Anti-slip rubber base prevents your device from sliding during charging. ALUMINUM ALLOY METAL BODY: Metal body builds a solid, durable wireless stand charger, and it can effectively lower the temperature, protects your phones from overheating. Get a good night's rest knowing your phone is charging safely at your bedside.
- Material: ABS + aluminum alloy
- Product weight: 52g
- Data line length: 1m
- Input: 5 V/2A, 9 V/1.67A
- Output : 5W/7.5W/10W
- Charge efficiency: >75%
- Charging frequency: 110 – 205 KHz