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Doctors agree that when it comes to feeding your baby, breast is best. Most research has focused on health advantages to the infant and, more recently, on physiological and psychological benefits for the mother. Now research highlights a mechanism by which nursing may influence the mother-infant bond: it seems the brain of a breast-feeding mother is especially receptive to signals from her baby.
Graduate student Pilyoung Kim and her colleagues at Yale University's Child Study Center used functional MRI to scan the brains of 20 women while exposing them to their baby's cry or image. Preliminary results suggest that three weeks after giving birth, breast-feeding mothers showed greater responses to indicators of their own infant (as compared with those of another baby) than formula-feeding mothers did, especially in limbic, hypothalamic and midbrain areas—brain regions involved in emotion and motivation.
Kim's team believes this difference stems mostly from oxytocin, a hormone that has received much attention for its role in social bonding. Nursing stimulates the production of oxytocin, which is thought to facilitate a mother's attentiveness to her baby.
Three to four months after they gave birth, the difference in the overall amount of brain activity between breast- and formula-feeding moms was smaller, suggesting that over time a mother's reaction to her infant may start to depend more on experience than on hormone levels. The areas of the brain more strongly activated in formula-feeding mothers, however, were different from those activated in breast-feeding mothers. They included the prefrontal cortex and other regions typically linked to social and cognitive behaviors.
Because all the subjects in this study were healthy women from similar backgrounds, Kim warns that the specific patterns of brain activation found in this study may not generalize to a more diverse population. The results may be valuable, however, for mothers who have trouble with their newborns because of depression or environmental factors such as poverty. Breast-feeding could be one way for these mothers to tap into the positive cycle involving oxytocin and the early mother-infant relationship, which has long-lasting effects on a child's development.


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FluentU is Spanish immersion online
Learn Spanish with the web's best videos
We've collected the web's best Spanish video content and put it in one place. Our videos are fun, timely, and ideal for Spanish learners.
Spanish music videos? Spanish movie trailers? Commercials? Business Spanish videos? No matter what you're interested in, or how fluent you are, we've got what you're looking for.

subset: commoncrawl


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While worldwide semiconductor sales in January were up just slightly from December, they wildly outpaced numbers from the same time a year ago.
And that, according to the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), is a sign that the industry is on the upswing after being pummeled by the down economy over the last several years.
Global chip sales hit $22.5 billion in January. That's an increase of 0.3% over the previous month. However, it's a whopping 47.2% increase over sales in January 2009 , the association said in a report released today.
"Worldwide semiconductor sales in January increased significantly compared to one year ago, reflecting today's improving business environment for the industry," SIA President George Scalise said in a written statement. "January and February of 2009 were the low point of the industry downturn as the semiconductor industry and electronics manufacturers quickly responded to the global economic recession."
iSuppli, a market research firm, predicted today that revenue for the entire first quarter of 2010 will show "impressive growth" compared to the same quarter last year . Analysts at iSuppli noted that they expect worldwide chip revenue in the first quarter to be up 48.5% over the same period in 2009.
"The 48.5% year-over-year growth in the first quarter will lay the foundation for a robust rebound in the global semiconductor business in 2010," said Dale Ford, senior vice president at iSuppli, in a written statement. "iSuppli predicts global semiconductor revenue in 2010 will rise to $279.7 billion, up 21.5% from $230.2 billion in 2009. This will mark the first year of double-digit percentage revenue growth for the semiconductor industry since 2006."
Ford also said that memory chips, including DRAM and NAND flash, are expected to be the best-selling category in the first quarter of this year. Revenue for memory products is expected to skyrocket 99.3% compared to the same period last year, iSuppli reported.
Late in January, industry analyst firm IDC reported that a rise in PC chip shipments in the last quarter of 2009 indicated that the market was bouncing back from the recession.
And last fall, Intel President and CEO Paul Otellini announced at the Web 2.0 Summit in San Francisco that the economy had already hit rock bottom and was starting to emerge from the recessionary mire.
Sharon Gaudin covers the Internet and Web 2.0, emerging technologies, and desktop and laptop chips for Computerworld . Follow Sharon on Twitter at @sgaudin or subscribe to Sharon's RSS feed . Her e-mail address is email@example.com .
Read more about processors in Computerworld's Processors Knowledge Center.


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Native Plants
Welcome to the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center's collection of 82,857 plant images. We have listened to our users and made it even easier to find images in this updated version of the image gallery. All thumbnails are linked to larger versions of the image and image information.
Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense
Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük.
Jamaica Swamp Sawgrass, Jamaican Saw-grass, Saw-grass
Cyperaceae (Sedge Family)
USDA Symbol: CLMAJ
USDA Native Status: L48 (N), HI (N), PR (N)
|NPIN Image Id: 48422
|NPIN Image Id: 48423
|NPIN Image Id: 19547
|NPIN Image Id: 19548
|NPIN Image Id: 48424
|NPIN Image Id: 48425
|NPIN Image Id: 48426
|NPIN Image Id: 48872
|NPIN Image Id: 89756
Additional resourcesUSDA: Find Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense images in USDA Plants
Google: Search Google Images for Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense


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Editor's Note: For those who are wondering about the retro title of this black history series, please take a moment to learn about historian Joel A. Rogers, author of the 1934 book 100 Amazing Facts About the Negro With Complete Proof, to whom these "amazing facts" are an homage.
(The Root) — Amazing Fact About the Negro No. 3: Who was the first black saint?
The jet-setters who frequent the Swiss resort town of St. Moritz are no doubt unaware that it was named after the first black person to be documented as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church. He was known as Saint Maurice (aka St. Mauritius, or St. Moritz).
A third-century Roman legionary who was born in Thebes in Upper Egypt, Maurice was martyred in what is today Switzerland for refusing to massacre Christians for the Roman Empire. He was canonized by the early church, long before the Pope reserved the right of the Holy See exclusively to canonize souls in 1634.
In the late fourth century Theodore, the bishop of Octudurum, had a vision in which he saw the martyrdom of Maurice and his fellow soldiers at Agaunum, Switzerland. Soon after, the cult of Maurice was established and a church built on the site. Then, in the early sixth century (ca. 515), devotees established an abbey there on land donated by King Sigismund of Burgundy. The abbey is still an active monastery and pilgrimage site, and the tomb of St. Maurice has been excavated. Maurice's feast day is Sept. 22.
Maurice was named a saint in the early Middle Ages, and many early depictions were of him as a white man. The first representations of him as a black African appear in the middle of the 13th century, when he is depicted as a black African soldier, in a magnificent stone statue in the Magdeburg Cathedral in central Germany in about 1240 A.D., standing next to the grave of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.
His cult became important in many places across Germany through the 16th century, and hundreds of images of him stand in European churches. He is the patron saint of soldiers, swordsmiths, armies, infantrymen, weavers and dyers, and is the patron saint of several towns in Europe, including Manresa, Spain, and Piedmont, Italy.
The Image of the Black in Western Art Archive in the Du Bois Institute at Harvard University includes 229 representations of Maurice, compiled by Gude Suckale-Redlefsen and published as The Black Saint Maurice in 1988. Most extant images of him are found in central Germany, but seven are in the Czech Republic, six in Denmark, three in Sweden, two each in Norway, Finland, Austria and Poland and one each in France, Estonia and Latvia.
Scholars believe that Maurice started being depicted as a dark-skinned African at this time because the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II Barbarossa, had ambitions to rule the entire world, just as the Pope claimed spiritual dominion over the entire world. We know that Frederick had black Africans at his court and in his retinue.
Magdeburg, where the first image of Maurice as a black African appeared, was on the frontiers of the Empire, and was a region of military expansion. For whatever reasons, though, the black Saint Maurice became the subject of a masterpiece of Western art in Magdeburg and the subject of some of the greatest works of art created during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
Finally, the well-known Swiss resort town of St. Moritz — known since ancient times for the healing powers of its therapeutic springs, and today for skiing and other winter sports — takes its name from this black saint.
And how did Joel A. Rogers, author of the 1934 book (and the inspiration for this current series), fare on the question of the first black saint? Rogers was all over this one!
The frontispiece of 100 Amazing Facts About the Negro consists of three images, two of Saint Maurice, whom he identifies as the "celestial saint of Germany" and "a pure Negro," in Amazing Fact No. 53. Rogers also correctly states that Maurice was a member of a Roman legion and was martyred in Switzerland (Gaul) in the third century A.D. for refusing to kill Christians. Home run.
As always, you can find more "Amazing Facts About the Negro" on The Root, and check back each week as we count to 100.
Henry Louis Gates Jr. is the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and the director of the W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research at Harvard University. He is also the editor-in-chief of The Root.


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Only One Way To Change Hillel: Leave
This just keeps happening.
Institution after institution cancels, boycotts, bans, and otherwise excludes speakers who don't toe the right line on Israel. Hillel International is beginning to recognize that it cannot both engage all Jewish students and inculcate a politically defined love of the state of Israel — and is choosing the latter. The Ramaz School has vetoed a student political organization's choice to hear what an anti-Israel speaker has to say — as if even listening to opposing views risks the corruption of the innocent.
Even the Jewish Museum has canceled an appearance by Judith Butler, one of the premier literary theorists of our time, though she was not set to speak on Israeli politics (on which she takes a stridently left-wing view) but on Franz Kafka. Apparently only Zionists know about modernism.
Predictably, and laudably, there has been outrage in progressive quarters: op-eds, blog posts, petitions. There is even a nascent Open Hillel movement that is laudably trying to defy Hillel International's gag rules. But all of these efforts rest on a false premise: that Jewish organizations are accountable to their constituencies. They are not.
They are, ultimately, accountable to donors — particularly a small cadre of mega-donors who range in Israeli political conservatism from the outrageous (Sheldon Adelson) to the merely right-wing (Lynn Schusterman).
Frankly, my dear outraged college students, they don't give a damn what you say: the arguments you marshal, the pleas you make, the petitions you sign. It matters what these donors, their foundations, and the federations they support say. Those are the people your Hillel directors' bosses have to please. Because if they don't please them, they lose their jobs.
Remember back in 2009, when the Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco issued one of the first gag rules regarding Israel-Palestine? Why do you think they did that? Because they felt like it? No, because two major California-based foundations said that if one dime of their money went to support or endorse the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement, however indirectly — a film at a film festival, a speaker on a panel, anything — they would pull all their money. That's why the policy was put in place, and that's why it was mimicked around the country.
This is not to say, dear Hillel students, that you shouldn't be outraged. On the contrary: you should be more outraged. The community institutions which pretend to involve your participation are a sham. Your Hillel "officers" are like student government: They can make petty decisions, but when the rubber hits the road, money talks and they walk.
So direct your outrage in a meaningful way: leave.
The only way these institutions will listen to you is if they begin to fail at their core mission. Their donors will then have to choose between their support of that mission, and their desire to maintain a particular kind of political purity. There is no point in arguing with your Hillel director, or Eric Fingerhut, Hillel's president and CEO, or the Jewish Museum's staff. You are clearly right. But if they listen to you, they will lose their jobs.
In the case of Hillel specifically, the organization's mission itself reflects that tension. Like the instructions given to HAL in the movie 2001, it demands two opposed actions: engage students and support Israel. As I first wrote about in these pages back in 2010, those sometimes align, and sometimes do not align. If the priority is engagement, then all Jews should be welcome not only to attend Hillel but to find a safe space for an open discussion of Jewish issues, including Israel.
If, however, the priority is support for Israel, defined in a very particular way, then, logically, not all Jews should be welcome, and not all issues should be discussed from all sides. There are parameters, limits, "guidelines." This is the current policy.
The tension is implicit in many organizations, but it is right at the heart of the mission of Hillel. It's fine for Hillel staff members to say "give us time — we'll figure it out," but you can't make a circle square. To me, the next best thing would be to say "support for, and love of, Israel takes many forms. To some, this means opposing Israeli policies, even to the extent of a boycott. We do not agree, but we make space for these views to be heard, because they are part of the important conversation regarding what 'support for Israel' means."
But Hillel can't actually say that, because certain Hillel donors have made the same pledge as the San Francisco Federation's: give a platform to the BDS folks, and I walk.
Now, maybe federations, Hillels, schools, and museums can try to reason with their donors. It's usually a bad idea to try (and I say this as a former foundation professional) but if the disruption becomes severe enough, who knows. Maybe Jewish philanthropists will come around to Voltaire's sentiment that even if we disagree with a view (as I disagree with BDS), we should defend its right to be discussed.
Or maybe they'd rather their institutions serve a much smaller, ideologically purer, population that shares certain political views. In which case, won't you be glad you left?
Jay Michaelson is a contributing editor to the Forward.


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Follow the action and danger as Eugene tries to save his classmates from graduation in the terrible School of the Brass Monkeys...
Shy, bumbling Eugene, 13, is unjustly booted out of his former school and forced to transfer to a remote Michigan school in the middle of the year. In a snowstorm yet. Ew, this is bad. But worse, he finds Grindsville Middle is a nest of bizarre teachers who are terrorizing the kids. They play dark music on the intercom, burn pukey incense, and make a shambles of the classes. And the leader is Eugene's English teacher, Mrs. Merci Mingley – a.k.a. "Ming the Merciless."
Quickly Eugene finds himself on her radar. Aak! This happens because he has let himself be convinced by three likable "rebel" students (Harriet, Weeser, and Alvin), that fate has sent him as a "samurai warrior" to help the kids against Mrs. Mingley. Sooo wrong. And it all goes swiftly bad in English class when he tries to save Harriet –
But hold it. We're getting ahead of the story. Look, just read the opening chapter to get an idea what's going on. But be warned. If you happen to get hooked on the story, the ride gets a little scary. Oh, didn't we mention the ride? Hoo-yeah, there's a ride all right… Duwang. Read More
Terry Caszatt is the author
© 2011-2012 Terry Caszatt. All Rights Res | site created by bancroftgraphics.com


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Click on the book belowfor the "Year in Fashion"that you would like to research. You may view the year's Table of Contents at no charge. To view the articles, books, and images, you will need a Library Subscription.
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Holiday good, political violence badThursday, May 20th, 2010
Got back to Singapore on the red-eye from Seoul early on Tuesday morning this week. That was a pretty fun trip, totally exceeded my not very high expectations. Actually, all the elements for which I had higher expectations were disappointing, in particular the much-hyped W hotel, where the standard rooms are small and have horrendous decor (Jen's reaction was "this looks like a cheap motel room!"). Fortunately I managed to switch to a massive suite which was more than satisfactory (the room-size, view and amenities made up for the still-mediocre interior design), and which turned out to be pretty cool, in line with my expectations of this hipster hotel chain. And a huge plus is the impeccable service.
The other rather disappointing part of the trip was the DMZ tour, which was a little on the dull side, overall. Don't get me wrong – I think it is an absolute must-see, must-go for visitors, and it is very thought-provoking, sobering and surreal experience. Nevertheless, you have to go with the expectation that visitors actually will not get to really see very much, but rather will get to learn about the history of the Korean war/conflict and be forced to ponder the lot of the 20 million North Korean lives on the other side of the border… not to mention their nuclear weapons aimed at the ultra-modern and prosperous South Korean capital city. Very disturbing and depressing to think about.
The food was fantastic, for those who like Korean cuisine. Yum yum!
The shopping was pretty great, both high-end and low-end had lower pricing, greater range (Goyard! H&M! Cool local streetwear!) and better stocking (Fendi furrrr! Prada runway accessories!) than Singapore. I ended up with loads of cool stuff, my top two highlights being a Etro/Cavalli-inspired, made-in-Italy pair of swim-shorts I found at H&M as well as a Prada perforated leather hat straight off the runway/arty short film that I have searched unsuccessfully for in the US, Europe and elsewhere in Asia. And I got to claim back the sales tax too!
If you are looking for other worthy tourist activities, see the Nanta show (fantastic!) and also visit the Korean Folk Village at Suwon (totally fun and also pseudo-cultural-educational!).
And of course, it was lovely to see my sister. (Veeble veeble!)
The front page of the Straits Times today showed a horrifying photo of the Central World shopping mall in central Bangkok on fire after more violent political clashes. What a disaster for the country.
Also, I hope the North Korea-allegedy-torpedoed-South-Korean warship incident does not escalate.
My current project is so cool! 🙂


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Maurice Jones-Drew joined the Oakland Raiders this offseason amid queries about whether the three-time All Pro had anything left in the tank.
His career-low average of 3.4 yards per carry in 2013 followed an injury-plagued 2012 campaign and had MJD considering hanging up his spikes.
"For awhile, I was contemplating retirement because I just didn't feel like I had it anymore," Jones-Drew told the Los Angeles Times earlier this month. "But that wasn't the case. My trainer helped me get back in shape and gain that foundation that I'd lost with the surgery."
MJD, 29, had never earned a per carry average of under 4.2 prior to last year's struggles. The back nicknamed "Pocket Hercules" struggled with his burst last season and didn't display his former breakaway ability in the secondary.
"I watched the same tape and I'd say, 'Man, why'd I do this? Why didn't I do that?'" he said. "Part of it was, just physically, I wasn't able to do some of the same things I'm used to doing."
It's not the first time MJD questioned his ability, telling the Jaguars official website last September he wondered during training camp if he could "do this anymore." Now with the Raiders, Jones-Drew said he is in the best shape of his life and ready to shoulder the workload alongside Darren McFadden.
The duo, which quarterback Matt Schaub ambitiously dubbed "as good as I've been around in all my years," will be counted on to carry the offense as the Raiders work out the rest of their offensive question marks.
*The latest "Around The League Podcast" ranks the league's top tight ends and debates Andrew Luck vs. Cam Newton. *


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Red, White, and Blue Stars Dog Bandana
Now your pup can be just as patriotic as you on July 4th with this red, white, and blue stars bandana!
These handmade bandanas are the perfect every day accessory for your furry family members! They feature a simple design created to fit over your dog's collar to ensure a no-slip perfect look throughout the day.
The bandanas are double sided with one side featuring a premium pattern and the other side featuring a simple solid color fabric with a top border of the premium pattern fabric.
The bandanas come in four sizes and several different designs. Since the bandanas fit right over your furry friend's existing collar there is no need to worry about neck size. The smaller sizes are even great for cats!
|Collar Width
|7.5 in
|5.75 in
|Fits most collars with width of 0.5 in and under.
|9.5 in
|7.75 in
|Fits most collars with width of 1 in and under.
|11.5 in
|9.75 in
|Fits most collars with width of 1.5 in and under.
|13.5 in
|11.75 in
|Fits most collars with width of 1.75 in and under.
Care Instructions
Machine Wash Gentle Cold, Non-Chlorine Bleach, Tumble Dry Low, Cool Iron.
**Pattern placement may vary on bandanas.


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President Donald Trump arrived in Puerto Rico on Tuesday as the territory struggled to recover from Hurricane Maria, which has left nearly all the island without power and most residents without water nearly two weeks later.
But Trump's focus was on the "unbelievable" and "incredible" job that his administration has done so far. He repeatedly played down the destruction to the island, telling local officials they should feel "very proud" they haven't lost hundreds of lives like in "a real catastrophe" like Hurricane Katrina along the Gulf Coast in 2005. But he also complained that the small territory's disaster threw the nation's budget "a little out of whack."
At one brief stop at a church, Trump told the gathering that they no longer needed flashlights, and he tossed rolls of paper towels into the crowd as if they were basketballs. He took a helicopter tour, visited a ship, posed for selfies - and then left an hour earlier than scheduled.
The whirlwind, four-hour visit came amid accusations that the Trump administration did not act quickly enough to help Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands after Maria - and that the president paid less attention to the territories than to Texas after Hurricane Harvey and Florida after Hurricane Irma. Trump and his aides have responded by attacking critics and seeking to discount news coverage of Maria's desperate aftermath.
In an interview with Fox News later Tuesday, Trump said that Puerto Rico's large debt - the island territory filed for bankruptcy earlier this year and is facing $72 billion in debt - will need to be wiped away.
"They owe a lot of money to your friends on Wall Street, and we're going to have to wipe that out," the president said. "You're going to say goodbye to that. I don't know if it's Goldman Sachs but whoever it is you can wave goodbye to that."
Trump was upbeat and, at times, playful during the visit, often sounding more like an athletic coach congratulating his team after a winning season than a president addressing American citizens at a moment of crisis.
Soon after arriving, he turned what was supposed to be a private briefing on relief efforts into a televised pep talk, praising members of his administration and the military for their long hours responding to several hurricanes over the past 43 days. He uttered "great" 10 times and used "incredible" and "amazing" seven times each.
At one point, Trump asked the island's representative to Congress, Jenniffer González-Colón, to repeat some of the "nice things" she had said in televised interviews.
"It's not about me, it's about these incredible people," the president said. "I've never seen people working so hard in my life."
González-Colón, a Republican, responded with compliments. "All the questions and requests that the governor did, the president and his Cabinet accomplished it and sent more people," she said. "Thank you, Mr. President, for all you've been doing for the island."
Trump smiled and said: "Well, I want to thank you because you were really generous. And I saw those comments, and everybody saw those comments, and we really appreciate it."
Although the administration took a flurry of actions after Maria first hit Sept. 20, the president and his top aides then effectively went dark for four days as he decamped for a long weekend at his private club in Bedminster, New Jersey. After San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz pleaded last week for the federal government to "save us from dying," Trump accused her on Twitter of having "poor leadership ability." In another tweet, he said the island's residents "want everything to be done for them when it should be a community effort."
As Trump left the White House on Tuesday morning, he suggested that Cruz had "come back a long way" from her criticism and that "it's now acknowledged what a great job we've done."
Hours later, Cruz was among the local officials to attend a briefing with Trump in San Juan. The two briefly spoke, but Trump did not mention her in his remarks. She did not join the crowd in applauding him, instead keeping her hands clasped.
"I've been to Puerto Rico many times . . . and I've always loved it," he said in his opening remarks. "And your weather is second to none, but every once in a while you get hit. And you really got hit - there's no question about it."
Trump gave shout-outs to "all of my people" in the room and to Puerto Rico Gov. Ricardo Rosselló, who Trump said has been "appreciating what we did."
"Right from the beginning, this governor did not play politics," Trump said. "He didn't play it at all. He was saying it like it was, and he was giving us the highest grades."
Soon Trump was back to recognizing members of his administration who came along on the trip.
"And Mick Mulvaney is here - right there - and Mick is in charge of a thing called 'budget,' " the president said, referring to the Office of Management and Budget. "Now, I hate to tell you, Puerto Rico, but you've thrown our budget a little out of whack because we've spent a lot of money on Puerto Rico, and that's fine. We've saved a lot of lives."
The president continued: "Every death is a horror. But if you look at a real catastrophe like Katrina, and you look at the tremendous hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of people that died, and you look at what happened here with, really, a storm that was just totally overpowering - nobody has ever seen anything like this. What is your death count, as of this moment - 17?"
Rosselló responded: "Sixteen certified."
"Sixteen people certified," Trump said. "Sixteen people versus in the thousands. You can be very proud of all of your people, all of our people working together. Sixteen versus literally thousands of people. You can be very proud."
After Trump left, the governor announced that the official death toll had more than doubled, to 34.
The Katrina comments immediately struck many as callous.
"A president should never minimize a single human life," said Douglas Brinkley, a presidential historian and professor at Rice University who wrote a book about Hurricane Katrina, whose death toll was about 1,800. "It is never good to make that sort of historical comparison when you're talking about people."
Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer, D-N.Y., also said the president never complained about the costs imposed by Hurricanes Harvey and Irma. "Stop blaming Puerto Rico for the storm that devastated their shores," he said.
Kathleen Blanco, a Democrat who was governor of Louisiana during Katrina, said Trump should have taken a more sympathetic approach in visiting the island soon after the hurricane.
"When people are in pain because of a disaster, leaders need to acknowledge that pain," she said. "Don't take it personally. It's not personal, it's pain. Acknowledge the pain, but try to get the resources there. Enough with the insults, on both sides."
Cruz, meanwhile, appeared on MSNBC after the president had left, lambasting him for "throwing paper towels and throwing provisions at people."
"He was insulting to the people of Puerto Rico," she said. "He's sort of like miscommunication in chief. You don't go to another place when people are in peril and are suffering and you just kind of hover around in a helicopter without having some kind words to say."
But Jason Miller, a former campaign official who worked on the president's transition team, commended Trump's approach to the visit.
"I think there's something to be said for a commander in chief who can both connect with people emotionally when they need support, and who also knows when folks are looking for encouragement and upbeat positivity, when so many of the images around them are so difficult," Miller said. "For a trip like today it's important . . . to be both the proverbial shoulder for people to lean on but also to give that sense of optimism that the rest of the country is going to be there to help Puerto Rico rebuild the island."
Trump spent most of his time in and near San Juan, Puerto Rico's capital and largest city, where recovery is much further along. As his motorcade sped toward the municipality of Guaynabo, he passed broken highway dividers, hundreds of downed trees and small pockets of locals taking photos, including one woman who held a sign that read: "You are a bad hombre."
The area is among the wealthiest and safest places that Trump could have visited and suffered less damage than poorer communities nearby. As Trump and his wife walked through one neighborhood, several families asked to have their photos taken with the couple. As he finished talking with one family, he told them: "Have a good time."
Trump stopped by an evangelical church popular with mainland Americans who have moved to Puerto Rico or who have pro-Republican leanings. The group that gathered there shouted that they loved him and held signs that read: "Proud Americans," "Let's Make Puerto Rico Great Again" and "God bless You, Mr. President."
Trump stood behind a table filled with relief supplies, including flashlights, rice and paper towels. He threw rolls into the crowd and, glancing at a pile of solar-powered flashlights, said: "Flashlights, you don't need 'em anymore." An estimated 95 percent of the island remains without electricity.
Trump then hopped in a helicopter for a quick ride to the USS Kearsarge, where he had a private briefing with military officers and the governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Soon, Trump and his entourage were back on Air Force One, more than an hour ahead of schedule. At one point during the flight, Trump ventured back to the press cabin and deemed it "a great, great visit, really lovely."
When asked if he had heard any criticism, Trump replied: "Honestly, I heard none. They were so thankful for what we have done. I think it has been a great day. We only heard thank-yous from the people of Puerto Rico. They are great people, and it was really something that I enjoyed very much."
The Washington Post's Arelis R. Hernández in Puerto Rico and Ed O'Keefe in Washington contributed to this report.


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You can do your research according to the type of property to rent, to the surface, and you have access to the distance of the suggested accommodation compared to the Lycée professionnel Alexandre Denis - Cerny.
Once the perfect treasure found, you can contact the owner very simply, using the contact form or directly by phone when you are connected to your account.
The site ImmoJeune.com is free and will allow you to stay near the Lycée professionnel Alexandre Denis - Cerny in the best possible conditions.
Good luck and good moving.


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|Posted: February 12, 2009
Physicist observes novel liquid-like motion and nucleation in metallic nanostructures
|(Nanowerk News) Imagine unloading a pile of bricks onto the ground and watching the bricks assemble themselves into a level, straight wall in only a few minutes. While merely a fantasy for builders in the everyday world, these types of self-assembled structures are a reality for those who build materials in the nanoworld. Michael C. Tringides, a senior physicist at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory, has shown that nanoscale "straight wall" lead islands on silicon are spontaneously and quickly created by unusually mobile atoms.
|Several years ago, Tringides' research group was the first to observe that lead atoms deposited on a silicon surface at low temperatures self-organize into uniform-height island nanostructures. The laws of quantum mechanics – specifically, Quantum Size Effects – determine why lead atoms stack up to create uniform islands while other nanostructure systems organize into islands that vary in height.
|Lead atoms in liquid-like motion across a silicon substrate. The black region is an area initially without lead, and the outside white area has a full layer of lead. The four images represent snapshots of how the outside layer moves and fills the empty area. (The difference in grey and white is because the new lead atoms that enter the empty area are not yet in their perfect sites.) US Department of Energy Ames Laboratory scientists, in collaboration with scientists from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, were the first to observe this unique diffusion of lead atoms on a silicon substrate. (Image: US Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory)
|How the lead-on-silicon islands organized into uniform-height islands remained a mystery until Tringides' team made the surprising discovery that when lead atoms move along the surface of a silicon substrate, the lead atoms exhibit a liquid-like motion instead of the typical random-type diffusion observed in other systems. The liquid-like motion of atoms was observed using scanning tunneling microscopy at Ames Lab and low energy electron microscopy performed by collaborators in Hong Kong.
|"One big surprise was that the atoms were moving a lot at such a low temperature: 150 degrees Kelvin or minus 123 degrees Celsius," said Tringides. "The other surprise was that the atoms weren't moving randomly like individual atoms as we would expect. In this particular case, it seemed like the whole layer of lead atoms was moving like a liquid.
|Fluid-like motion of the lead atoms explains why the layer moves so easily and forms uniform islands so quickly.
|"When applying nanotechnology, it's very important to be able to make nanostructures of the same dimension using a method that others can easily replicate," said Tringides. "And, it's important that the growth process is fast."
|Tringides' work succeeds in terms of uniformity and speed. The lead islands self-organize on silicon in only two to three minutes. Also, better understanding of how the lead islands grow will help researchers see if other systems show the same liquid-like behavior at low temperatures.
|With such promising findings in hand, Tringides' team, which includes associate scientist Myron Hupalo and graduate students Steven Binz and Jizhou Chen, further investigated the possible use of these unusual lead islands on silicon as templates to study typical atomic processes, such as adsorption, nucleation and atom bonding. These processes are important in the study of reactivity and catalysis.
|During those experiments, Tringides' group made another unexpected discovery. Normally atomic processes depend on an element's chemical nature, but the group found that when it came to lead islands, quantum mechanics had another surprise in store: The atomic processes depend dramatically on whether the island height is odd or even rather than its chemical nature. Tringides' group made this intriguing observation in a large lead island that had formed over a step on the original silicon surface. The top of the large island was flat as expected.
|"But, the part of the island sitting on the higher terrace of silicon was four layers high, and the other part of the island sitting on the lower terrace was five layers," said Tringides.
|The group studied nucleation on this unusual island by adding a very small amount of lead to its surface, creating many new small islands on top of the large island. Examination revealed that the density of the new islands was 60 times higher on the four-layer part of the island than on the five-layer part even though the two parts of the island were connected, suggesting that atom bonding is easier on the four-layer islands.
|"The island was made up of the same element, lead, throughout," said Tringides. "So, we would expect the two parts of the island to communicate with each other, and atoms should be able to easily move from left to right and right to left among both halves of the island, so the density of the new small islands should have been the same in both parts."
|Instead, the two halves of the island behaved like two separate islands. The four-layer section of the island has similar characteristics to independent four-layer islands, and the five-layer section behaved like other five-layer islands.
|"For the purpose of growing materials, the two-part island indicates that we may not have to change the element to create variation in material properties," said Tringides. "Instead, we may be able to just change the height of the island."
|"This is promising because it's easier to change the geometry of an island than to go out and find a new, exotic material," he added.
|Tringides plans further experiments using gas adsorption to test the relationship between material reactivity and island height.
|Source: Wiley


text:
Beautiful scenery while cruising on the train, what more could you want....well, my friend, you can add something. The CABOOSE! Granted it is at an extra cost but boy did it make it more enjoyable!
The train leaves from downtown Leadville and heads north for a few miles. Then it stops for a few minutes and heads back. For the standard fee of $30, you can ride in any of the cars (not engine or caboose) and they include open cars, covered cars, and covered cars with windows. You can move about the train while it is in motion. The train doesn't move fast...quite slow actually, almost too slow. The scenery is awesome.
As I mentioned earlier, for an extra $25 per person, you can add the caboose. You get the caboose all to your self and you can sit anywhere. The cool spots to sit is on top or standing on the ledge outside. The extra money is for one way and if you do it you definitely want outbound since then the caboose is 'first'. I think you can also pay extra to sit in the engine.
Overall it was fun. The only downside is the train moves really slow and doesn't go very far. Bring your camera and a jacket. The breeze can make it chilly. Staff was friendly.Lydia Z., https://www.yelp.com/biz/leadville-colorado-and-southern-railroad-leadville?hrid=EEkGkqPIOE5royxvfRHwWA&utm_campaign=www_review_share_popup&utm_medium=copy_link&utm_source=(direct)


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August 16, 2020
Virginia Beach Sportsplex
https://www.mudrunguide.com/event/virginia-beach-virginia-bonefrog-2020/ Virginia Beach Sportsplex, 2181 Landstown Road, Virginia Beach, VA, United States BoneFrog Challenge firstname.lastname@example.com use-title true MM/DD/YYYY
Race Start Time:
Gates open at 7am.
First Elite wave is at 8am.
Waves start every 15 minutes starting at 8am. 100-150 people per wave.
Elite waves available for all distances.
Venue:Virginia Beach Sportsplex
2181 Landstown Road
Virginia Beach, VA, United States - View Map
Distance & Course Length:
3mi, 6mi, 9mi, 18mi
Organizer:BoneFrog Challenge
The Story
BONEFROG was created by Navy SEALs to challenge, build and inspire participants to become better athletes and recognize that they can do anything they set their minds to, while enjoying the camaraderie and teamwork usually reserved for active duty Navy SEALs.
The Course
With at least 30 military-style obstacles on courses that range from 3-9 miles, the course will test everyone and leave no one unscathed. We attempt to place an obstacle about every ¼ mile, so your running ability alone will not carry the day. You must be functionally fit to succeed here. You will get muddy. You will get beat up. You will be exhausted. But you will finish. Did we mention sand? You will get to know what it means to be "wet and sandy" just like we were at BUDS. As Navy SEALs, we know what tough is – and we don't mean Harvard.
Team or Individual
Our event will foster camaraderie, period. Form a team ahead of time or link up with others when you get here. This is a great way to challenge your friends and create lasting bonds.
Family EventAs Navy SEALs we have been forced to spend a great deal of time away from our families. As a result, whenever we can, we include the entire family in all that we do. BONEFROG offers fun and activities for all ages! Let the kids come watch you race and then let them loose on our Tadpole kids course where they can play in the mud and race on scaled down obstacles just like mom and dad.
Click "About" above to hide this text again
55 Past Events, 0 other upcoming races
Click here to read or add your own Virginia Beach Virginia BONEFROG 2020 reviews
Use discount code MRG for $5 off your registration
Registration:Visit Event Website
This race has been cancelled
Who's Attending?
Cost & Pricing:
|Sprint Cost
|Challenge Cost
|Tier-1 Cost
|Endurance Cost
|Kids Race available for $20 (Future prices TBD). Discounts available: Military 20% off - BFCUSA / Students 10% off - BFCSTUDENT / Police , Fire , EMS 15% off - BFCSERVE. Prices vary every 30 days and are TBD.
What You Get / What's Included:
- Custom Tech T-Shirt
- Custom Medal
- Free Beer
- Chip Timing
- Entrance to after party
Course Description:
BONEFROG has the most military intensive obstacles in OCR. With an obstacle every 1/4 mile on average you will be tested and your running ability alone will not carry the day.
Sprint: 3mi / 20+ Obstacles
Challenge: 6mi / 30+ Obstacles
TIER-1: 9mi / 50+ Obstacles
Endurance: Challenge + as many Sprint laps as you can finish by end of event.
TRIDENT: Sprint + Challenge + TIER-1 in single day
Aid Stations:
All BONEFROG Events have Aid stations. We have an ambulance and medical tent within the festival area as well as EMT's and Paramedics out on the course. Water stations will also be available roughly every mile of the course and at the finish line.
Elite Awards are at 12:10pm
Elite Awards for:
All Elite Waves Male and Female 1st-3rd Place
No age group awards
Elite Winners get massive Gold, Silver or Bronze BONEFROG Winners Medal
$10 Online / $15 At Gate. Spectators can enjoy all events within the festival area as well as roam the entire course and access the post-party.
$10 Per Car / $20 Per oversized Vehicle
Post Party:
We have always subscribed to the "work hard, play hard" mentality and our after party is not to be missed! Music, BEER, Food and Fun... Celebrate finishing one of the hardest OCR's in existence with the BONEFROG family!
1. Open waves are not eligible for awards
2. Open wave obstacles are not mandatory
3. If you cannot complete an obstacle you're asked to do the assigned penalty
4. Open racers are allowed to kick grenades but not bells on obstacles
1. Elite waves are eligible for awards
2. Elite wave obstacles ARE mandatory
3. If you cannot complete an obstacle you MUST do the assigned penalty and re-attempt the obstacle
4. If you fail an obstacle you must surrender your Elite Wristband to the nearest volunteer / staff member
5. You may re-attempt an obstacle as many times as you want but must do the associated penalty each time you fail
6. If you're caught cheating you will be disqualified from awards and your time will not be recorded
7. You must wear your Elite Wristband on your wrist and it must remain visible at all times
8. If you attempt to hide your Elite Wristband you will be disqualified and your time will not be recorded
9. Elite racers are allowed to kick grenades but not bells on obstacles
It's called the SEAL ""TEAMS"" for a reason. While you are allowed to run the Bone Frog Challenge as an individual we highly encourage making or joining a team!
Coupons / Discount Codes:
Please see our obstacle course race discount & promotion page for all the latest discounts, promos, promotions, discount codes, and coupon codes for Virginia Beach Virginia BONEFROG 2020. There also may be one listed at the top of this page.


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Inspire bravery and confidence with the Personal Courage Hypnosis Script
Alongside the celebrity culture which bedevils our times, there is another pernicious notion which renders people uncertain of themselves and their abilities. It is the idea of the individual hero. From thriller movies to TV dramas, we are invited to admire the brave hero battling it out against evil villains or the harsh world and overcoming all obstacles.
It's hard not to feel disheartened when we can't even summon up the courage to complain about the poor service at a restaurant. What would Steven Seagal have done if he had been served a meal like that?
The Personal Courage Hypnosis Script from The Script Collection was devised to provide a practical and effective method for developing personal courage and ability to face up to challenges. And it's nothing to do with being an 'action hero'.
The pre-talk looks at the popular myths of bravery and cowardice, and examines the real role of fearful feelings in our lives.
The induction relies almost entirely on 'permission relaxation' and focuses on the purpose of the session more than the goal of relaxing. Attention jumps are used to help the client switch states with effortless ease.
Through powerful storytelling and active imagination the client gets to work on their own experiences of courage shortfall. Rescripting previous incidents and imaginatively experiencing several different outcomes releases the logjam of negative self-belief. This script ensures a steady build up of personal courage.
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text:
AMG is Quality Proven.
AMG, Inc. is an ISO 9001:2015 and AS 9100:D registered company with over 55,000 square feet of precision machining and fabrication equipment and over 800 years of combined experience. Established in Central Virginia in 1977, our experience base allows us to work with a large array of materials ranging from super alloys to plastics.
AMG, Inc. builds quality into everything. To verify part quality, we are equipped with three CMMs for checking small intricate components to parts as large as 31" x 35" x 78".
AMG, Inc. is well equipped with a full line of CNC milling and turning equipment. In addition to our CNC equipment, AMG can also provide machining and fabrication services using conventional milling and turning complemented with a long list of fabrication equipment:
Laser cutting, power roller, press brake, etc. Please refer to the equipment list provided for machine specifics.


text:
It's a grisly find, but an unprecedented one, as well. Archaeologists in Egypt have unearthed 16 severed hands, buried in four pits throughout the ancient city of Avaris. Interestingly, if you're looking for left hands, you're out of luck; every one of the newly discovered meathooks is a righty.
Two of the pits are situated at the front of an ancient throne room thought to have belonged to a Hyksos ruler named Seuserenre Khyan, and contain a hand apiece. "Each pit represents a ceremony," explains archaeologist and Egyptologist Manfred Bietak, who led the excavation. Bietak's team believes the remaining fourteen hands were buried some time later, in two pits located in the palace's outer grounds.
According to Bietak, the 3600-year-old hands are the first physical evidence of a practice referenced in Egyptian writing and art, wherein the right hand of a bested enemy would be severed from the rest of the body. Reasons for dismemberment were manifold. For one thing, it made counting victims easier, and severed hands could also be exchanged for gold. But it also robbed an enemy of his strength; in cutting off an opponent's hand, "you deprive him of his power eternally," Bietak explains.
LiveScience's Owen Jarus reports on the history of the symbolic practice:
Cutting off the right hand of an enemy was a practice undertaken by both the Hyksos and the Egyptians.
One account is written on the tomb wall of Ahmose, son of Ibana, an Egyptian fighting in a campaign against the Hyksos. Written about 80 years later than the time the 16 hands were buried, the inscription reads in part:
"Then I fought hand to hand. I brought away a hand. It was reported to the royal herald." For his efforts, the writer was given "the gold of valor" (translation by James Henry Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt, Volume II, 1905). Later, in a campaign against the Nubians, to the south, Ahmose took three hands and was given "gold in double measure," the inscription suggests.
[Egyptian Archaeology via LiveScience]


text:
use URI;
use URI::QueryParam;
$u = URI->new("", "http");
$u->query_param(foo => 1, 2, 3);
print $u->query; # prints foo=1&foo=2&foo=3
for my $key ($u->query_param) {
print "$key: ", join(", ", $u->query_param($key)), "\n";
DESCRIPTIONLoading the "URI::QueryParam" module adds some extra methods to URIs that support query methods. These methods provide an alternative interface to the $u->query_form data.
The query_param_* methods have deliberately been made identical to the interface of the corresponding "CGI.pm" methods.
The following additional methods are made available:
- @keys = $u->query_param
- @values = $u->query_param( $key )
- $first_value = $u->query_param( $key )
- $u->query_param( $key, $value,... )
If $u->query_param is called with no arguments, it returns all the
distinct parameter keys of the URI. In a scalar context it returns the
number of distinct keys.
When a $key argument is given, the method returns the parameter values with the given key. In a scalar context, only the first parameter value is returned.
If additional arguments are given, they are used to update successive parameters with the given key. If any of the values provided are array references, then the array is dereferenced to get the actual values.
Please note that you can supply multiple values to this method, but you cannot supply multiple keys.
Do this:
$uri->query_param( widget_id => 1, 5, 9 );
Do NOT do this:
$uri->query_param( widget_id => 1, frobnicator_id => 99 );
- $u->query_param_append($key, $value,...)
Adds new parameters with the given
key without touching any old parameters with the same key. It
can be explained as a more efficient version of:
$u->query_param($key, $u->query_param($key), $value,...);
One difference is that this expression would return the old values of $key, whereas the query_param_append() method does not.
- @values = $u->query_param_delete($key)
- $first_value = $u->query_param_delete($key)
Deletes all key/value pairs with the given key.
The old values are returned. In a scalar context, only the first value
is returned.
Using the query_param_delete() method is slightly more efficient than the equivalent:
$u->query_param($key, []);
- $hashref = $u->query_form_hash
- $u->query_form_hash( \%new_form )
Returns a reference to a hash that represents the
query form's key/value pairs. If a key occurs multiple times, then the hash
value becomes an array reference.
Note that sequence information is lost. This means that:
is not necessarily a no-op, as it may reorder the key/value pairs. The values returned by the query_param() method should stay the same though.
COPYRIGHTCopyright 2002 Gisle Aas.


text:
Looking at the 2013 Longlist: Muhsin al-Ramli's 'The President's Gardens'
Muhsin al-Ramli is one of two Iraqis on this year's International Prize for Arabic Fiction longlist. Many of you will already know his work, but:
Al-Ramli was born in 1967 in northern Iraq, into a family of nine children.
He initially dreamed of becoming an actor, but his conservative father forbade it. So instead, al-Ramli chose journalism. A friend told him that journalism required a second language. And — in part because he couldn't bear English and in part to read authors like Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Mario Vargas Llosa in the original– he chose Spanish.
Al-Ramli's brother, Hasan Mutlak, was also a prominent writer. But Mutlak was assassinated while still a young man, in 1990. Al-Ramli said in an Al Jazeera profile: "I have always been influenced by him, I am a student of Hassan Mutlak and I feel that I owe him everything I know, for when the Iraqi regime decided to take away his life, they deprived the world of a great voice, and I feel its my responsibility to bring out this voice again."
Al-Ramli moved to Spain in 1995, where he did his PhD and continues to make his home. As well as being a novelist, he is also a translator, and has brought Don Quixote, among other texts, from Spanish into Arabic.
Al-Ramli has written three novels, in addition to writing poetry and short stories. His first novel, Scattered Crumbs (2000), was translated into English by Yasmeen al-Hanoosh, and won the Arkansas Translation Award. (Read an excerpt on al-Ramli's blog.) His second novel, Fingers of Dates (2008) met with wide acclaim and was longlisted for the 2009 International Prize for Arabic Fiction. It was also released in Spanish as Dedos de Datiles.
About al-Ramli's Fingers of Dates, fellow Iraqi writer Hassan Blasim said: "This novel is free from the exaggerated poetic language sometimes found in Arab narratives. And it's an Iraqi novel that doesn't use the language of melancholy and melodrama, as happens in Iraqi novels. It's a clever novel — it explores with a sense of fun the depths of tragicomedy in Iraq during the dictatorship."
Al-Ramli's third novel, The President's Gardens (2012), was again longlisted for the 2013 IPAF. It also traces the impact of Iraqi history — war, embargo, dictatorship, occupation — on the lives of ordinary people.
Iraqi novelist Ali Badr, who chose the book as one of his favorites of 2012, said that The President's Gardens "has strong political themes drawn from Iraqi social history, and gives a hard critical examination of the power held by the Saddam Hussein, and after, the epoch of American occupation: the civil strife, unlawful killing, torture and ill-treatment, kidnapping and hostages…and sheds some specific reflection, albeit in fictional guise, on the nature of the authoritarianism. It also analyzes the economics, politics, and rule of the régime as a history book might."
In the Al-Jazeera profile, al-Ramli also spoke about the importance of translation:
With respect to the translations I have written, apart from my books, I would not be exaggerating if I said that I have translated hundreds, if not thousands of other short texts, and all of them were of the literary genre. Translation from one language to another for me is a second mission. I find it necessary, and at times I also find myself obliged to translate, because although my main mission and dream is to dedicate myself exclusively to creative writing and literature, I understand that part of my duty is to translate from Spanish to Arabic and vice versa because I am fluent in both, and I find it important for me to complete this service between the two languages and the two cultures.
Note: I had heard late last year that Fingers of Dates was being translated into English, although I'm not sure I was ever told who was doing it or for which publisher.
Part 1 of a 2009 profile of al-Ramli that ran on Al-Jazeera:
Selections of al-Ramli's poetry in English, trans. Samantha Lewis:
"Creature," "Birthday," "Pronouns and Words," "Statues," "After the Rain"
Al-Ramli's Blog:


text:
Watch an exclusive interview with Jeff Ashton, a prosecutor in the Casey Anthony trial, on "Dr. Drew," tonight at 9 ET on HLN. Then, Saturday night at 9 ET on HLN, don't miss a special two-hour event, "Justice for Caylee: A Nancy Grace Special." HLN looks back at the evidence and the emotional testimony in the Casey Anthony murder trial.
(CNN) -- Don't be surprised if Casey Anthony walks out of jail a free woman after her sentencing Thursday, legal experts say.
And, they add, there is nothing stopping her from cashing in on book or movie deals -- as her acquittal on serious charges now means she is free to profit off her story.
With Tuesday's not guilty verdict on murder charges behind her, Anthony -- and the thousands riveted by every twist in the case -- now turn their attention to Thursday when the 25-year-old will learn her fate.
A jury on Tuesday found Anthony not guilty of first degree murder, aggravated child abuse and aggravated manslaughter in the 2008 death of her daughter Caylee.
But she still faces sentencing on four counts of lying to police regarding a missing person case.
Each misdemeanor count carries a maximum sentence of one year in county jail, for which Judge Belvin Perry has the option of sentencing her consecutively or concurrently.
Many legal experts believe Anthony will be freed on time-served because she has already been jailed for about three years.
"I would be surprised if she doesn't walk out of the courtroom Thursday," said Atlanta defense lawyer Penny Douglas Furr. "She has served so much time already. I don't think the judge will make her serve any more time. The real question now is, what will she do next."
The Orange County Corrections Department said in a statement Wednesday its policy is to "release a jury-acquitted inmate from the courthouse under normal circumstances. However, due to the high profile nature of this case and intense, emotional interest by the public, appropriate measures will be taken to release the acquitted into the community in such a manner so as to preserve the safety of the acquitted individual and the public."
There will be no legal restrictions on Anthony profiting on the details of this case, cashing in on deals for movies, books or interviews, analysts say.
Because of her acquittal, so-called Son of Sam laws -- laws designed to keep criminals from earning money from their crimes -- do not apply, they say.
"Why can't she make money off of her story," said Drew Findling, another defense lawyer. "You've seen so many cases where witnesses for the prosecution have profited from the case. Look at the O.J. Simpson case and how the prosecutor, who lost the case, wrote books and made money afterward. So why can't Casey do it?"
HLN's Nancy Grace, who has covered the Anthony case extensively since Caylee was reported missing in 2008, did not mince words about Anthony's possible plans.
"Now tot mom finally has the beautiful life that she envisioned. She's free," Grace said on her show Tuesday. "She will walk free as early as this Thursday. She's set up to make very likely over a million dollars off the murder of her 2-year-old daughter, Caylee Anthony."
Dr. Drew Pinsky, host of HLN's "Dr. Drew," said, "If she's as much of a monster as the court of public opinion believes... this is not the last we have heard from her. She will have her day. She will do something else that will collapse in chaos around her for sure. That's just the way these people are. If, indeed, she is what we think her to be."
Anthony faces a defamation lawsuit and received a subpoena for a videotaped deposition Tuesday night in jail.
When Caylee went missing, Anthony said the 2-year-old was with a nanny named Zenaida Fernandez Gonzalez. Eventually confronted by her family, she maintained that Gonzalez had kidnapped Caylee.
Authorities never found a nanny by that name who cared for Caylee. They found a woman named Zenaida Fernandez Gonzalez, who denied ever meeting the Anthonys and later filed the defamation lawsuit.
The seven-week criminal trial ended with less than 11 hours of deliberation when an Orange County jury found Anthony not guilty of the most serious charges.
"This jury ignored the scientific evidence," said New York lawyer Susan Moss. "Apparently, they found the only 12 people who still think the world is flat."
But Andrea Lyon, who once represented Anthony, said the evidence wasn't there.
"That prosecution overreached," Lyon said on "AC360." "They used junk science. They attempted to overwhelm the lack of evidence with character assassination. They did not have evidence of a homicide."
The jurors in the case declined to speak to the media as did four alternate jurors.
The fifth, Russell Huekler, told CNN he agreed with the verdict "wholeheartedly."
"The prosecution did not prove their case," Huekler said. "The big question that was not answered: How did Caylee die?"
Through the course of the trial, dozens lined up outside the Orlando courtroom to get a glance at the spectacle. The proceedings featured allegations of sexual abuse, questions regarding Anthony's competence and various theories on what happened to Caylee.
Prosecutors alleged Anthony used chloroform to render her daughter unconscious and then duct-taped her mouth and nose to suffocate her. They alleged that she put the child's body in the trunk of her car for a few days before disposing of it.
Anthony's defense attorneys maintained that Caylee was not murdered at all. They said the child drowned in the Anthony's above-ground pool on July 16, and that Anthony and her father, George, panicked upon finding her there and covered up the death.
Anthony's lawyer, Jose Baez, also alleged that Anthony's father sexually abused her from the age of 8 and she had been taught to conceal her pain. The upbringing explained some of Anthony's bizarre behavior during the time her daughter was missing, he argued.
According to testimony, Anthony was not looking frantically for her missing child as she later told police. Instead, she moved out of her parents' home and stayed with her then-boyfriend, Tony Lazzaro. She also got a tattoo saying "Bella Vita" -- Italian for "beautiful life" -- and went shopping, witnesses said. She also partied at Orlando nightclubs and participated in a "hot body" contest at one point, according to testimony.
George Anthony denied the molestation claim in testimony, saying, "I would never do anything like that to my daughter."
Throughout the trial, the pain experienced by Anthony's family was evident.
Both her father and mother sobbed on the stand at times recalling their granddaughter.
George Anthony also cried as he testified about his January 2009 suicide attempt, which came shortly after Caylee's remains were identified.
At one point during the trial, Anthony's mother, Cindy, was seen mouthing the words "I love you" to her.
After the verdict, the parents released a statement saying they wished to "move forward privately" and requested the media respect their privacy.
"While the family may never know what has happened to Caylee Marie Anthony, they now have closure for this chapter of their life. They will now begin the long process of rebuilding their lives," the parents' statement said.
Cindy Anthony could face perjury charges, one of the prosecutors in the Casey Anthony murder trial said Wednesday.
Cindy Anthony testified that she was responsible for Internet searches on the family's home computer for information about chloroform. But records indicated she was at work at the time.
Asked by NBC's "Today Show" whether legal action will be taken against Cindy Anthony for allegedly perjuring herself on the witness stand, Jeff Ashton responded, "I think there could be. That will be a decision made by another branch of our office."
If Casey Anthony is released Thursday, it is unclear whether she will be rebuilding her relationship with her parents.
In Session correspondent Jean Casarez said she asked Cheney Mason of Anthony's defense team where Anthony will go when she is free.
"He told me it would not, with all seriousness, be back to her family home," Casarez recounted. "But, of course, anything is possible."
Watch Nancy Grace Monday through Sunday starting at 8 p.m. ET on HLN. For the latest from Nancy Grace click here.


text:
President Barack Obama has signed a payroll tax cut extension bill that includes provisions allowing the FCC to auction off television spectrum and the long-awaited creation of a national mobile broadband network for public safety.
Obama's signature made the highly anticipated legislation official this week after it passed the House and Senate last week.
The bill includes a number of items pertaining to the wireless industry.
It gives the FCC authority to conduct voluntary auctions of television broadcast spectrum and makes it easier to upgrade telecommunications equipment on existing towers, among other provisions.
It also sets aside the 700 MHz D-block for public safety and provides $7 billion in federal funding for the construction of a nationwide, interoperable LTE network.
The D-block provisions end a decade-plus fight from the public safety community to get government support for a modern communications network.
Communication failures during the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks cost hundreds of first responders their lives after they failed to receive orders to evacuate.
Many public safety officials hoped to get legislation passed by the tenth anniversary of the attacks, but lawmakers in the House and Senate were unable to come to an agreement in time.
Yucel Ors, director of government relations for the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials (APCO) International, says the public safety community is pleased with the long-overdue legislation.
"This will allow everybody to be operating on the same network – they will receive the same information and be able to be interoperable with police departments, fire departments and federal law enforcement," Ors says. "It's going to be critical."
Filed Under: Industry regulations


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The Lorentz Center organizes about 80-85 workshops per year at two venues. These are typically 5-day workshops, but we also organize other activities such as study groups and (summer) schools.
In our Oort venue we can host 55 people (with COVID-restrictions 25) and in our Snellius venue 25 people (with COVID-restrictions 16). During the virtual meetings 80 people can join.
To reach out to a broader public, we organize public events and we share our programming with academic partners who regularly invite participants of our workshops to give a talk at their venue.


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Stephen Totilo is a reporter based in Brooklyn, New York. He's the editor-in-chief for video gaming site Kotaku.
Prior to joining Kotaku, Totilo worked for four years as MTV News' first full-time video game reporter. His work appeared on-line and on-air across MTV, MTV2, MTVu, MTV's international channels, MTVNews.com and the MTV Multiplayer blog, which he founded. He also has written about video games for The New York Times, Newsweek, Time, IGN, and Gamespy. One of his best-known projects was a series of critical exchanges written with former Newsweek games writer N'Gai Croal.
In 2007, the online magazine Slate selected Totilo to participate in its first ever Game Club, a weeklong virtual roundtable of gaming criticism, modeled off of Slate's annual movie roundtable involving the top critics of cinema. He participated in the 2008 version of the Game Club as well. In 2006 he was named by Edge Online as one of gaming's 50 most-influential journalists.
In addition to his work as a games reporter, Totilo has worked as a story editor at VH1 and an assistant editor at Brill's Content. At VH1, he co-created the reality show Hogan Knows Best.
Totilo holds a masters' degree from Columbia University's graduate school of journalism. He lives in Brooklyn with his wife, two children and two cats.
He considers The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask to be the finest video game ever made.
With a team of writers located throughout the U.S. and in Japan and Australia, Kotaku currently has about 15 million monthly readers worldwide.


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Because paper is a product students use everyday, it provides a great opportunity to discuss paper recycling in the classroom. Learning about and participating in a recycling program is a great way to teach environmental education.
From field trips, to art projects, to science projects, there are numerous ways to bring paper recycling into the classroom. The resources below can help your class learn more about paper recycling.
General Information
- Learn about the paper recycling process from the (download a PowerPoint presentation by clicking on Recycling Process under Related Links at the bottom of the page).
- Visit EPAs Eco-Portal for Teachers to obtain publications, online tools, and additional materials about solid and hazardous waste, including information about paper recycling.
- Find information about the benefits of paper recycling or answers to frequent questions, including facts and figures, about paper recycling.
- Explore the Resources for Waste Education website, which includes resources for the following age groups:
- Kids (K-5), including the Planet Protectors Club
- Students (6-8), including the Make a Difference Campaign
- Teens (9-12)
- View the paper recycling page for students.
- Find out how students, educators, and school administrators can all play a key role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions with a directory of education and action planning resources.
Tools for Teachers
Lesson Plans
Art projects
- Get your class involved in the Earth Day Groceries Project.


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Content Map Terms
Walking is a form of aerobic exercise and is one of the easiest ways to increase your physical activity and improve your health. Physical activity increases your heart rate, strengthens your heart, and increases blood circulation through your body, bringing more oxygen and nutrients to your organs. Exercise also increases your lungs' ability to take in oxygen, lowers blood pressure, helps to reduce body fat, and improves blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
- Have a checkup before beginning an exercise program. If you have heart problems, your doctor may want to do tests to find out how much activity your heart can safely handle.
- Start out slowly at first, with a warm-up in the beginning, a faster pace in the middle, and a cool-down at the end.
- To stay motivated, walk with friends, co-workers, or pets. Set goals you can reach.
- Use a a phone app or pedometer to count your steps. Wear it all day and try to take at least 2,000 more steps a day than you normally do, and gradually increase your steps over time.
- Set a goal. Try to do at least 2½ hours of moderate to vigorous exercise a week.footnote 1 One way to do this is to walk 30 minutes a day, at least 5 days a week.
How can I stay motivated with a walking program?
One of the best ways to stay motivated to walk is to include other people. Ask friends and co-workers to join you. Join a walking group or club.
- Use a phone app or buy a pedometer. Use it every day, and count your steps. The first time you use it, count how many steps you normally take in a day. Set a goal for increasing it each day or week. Try to start with an increase of 2,000 steps a day and work toward 10,000. Get others to join you and set goals as a group.
- Walk before or after work or on your lunch break. Instead of taking a snack or coffee break, take a walk break.
- If the weather is bad, use a treadmill. Or take comfortable shoes to the mall, and walk several laps inside.
- Walk to work, school, the grocery store, or a restaurant.
- Walk around your neighbourhood, around an entire park, or to do errands.
- Schedule walks on your business calendar. Turn a walk into a brainstorming session with a co-worker.
- Wear comfortable shoes and socks that cushion your feet.
- Drink plenty of water. Take a bottle with you when you walk.
- Be safe, and know your surroundings. Walk in a well-lighted, safe place.
- Plan family outings around walks together.
- Take your dog on a walk.
- Set a goal to participate in an organized fitness walk.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008). 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (ODPHP Publication No. U0036). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available online: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/default.aspx.
Other Works Consulted
- American College of Sports Medicine (2010). Exercise prescription for patients with cardiac disease. In WR Thompson et al., eds., ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 8th ed., pp. 207–224. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- Eckel RH, et al. (2013). 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/11/11/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1.citation. Accessed December 5, 2013.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008). 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (ODPHP Publication No. U0036). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available online: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/default.aspx.
Current as of: January 10, 2022
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Rakesh K. Pai MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology
Kathleen Romito MD - Family Medicine
Martin J. Gabica MD - Family Medicine
Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine
John A. McPherson MD, FACC, FSCAI - Cardiology
Donald Sproule MDCM, CCFP - Family Medicine
E. Gregory Thompson MD - Internal Medicine
Current as of: January 10, 2022
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Rakesh K. Pai MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology & Kathleen Romito MD - Family Medicine & Martin J. Gabica MD - Family Medicine & Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine & John A. McPherson MD, FACC, FSCAI - Cardiology & Donald Sproule MDCM, CCFP - Family Medicine & E. Gregory Thompson MD - Internal Medicine
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Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
Contact Physical Activity Services
If you have questions about physical activity or exercise, call 8-1-1 (or 7-1-1 for the deaf and heard of hearing) toll-free in B.C. Our qualified exercise professionals are available Monday to Friday from 9am to 5pm Pacific Time. You can also leave a message after hours.
Translation services are available in more than 130 languages.
HealthLinkBC's qualified exercise professionals can also answer your questions by email.
Contact a Dietitian
If you have any questions about healthy eating, food, or nutrition, call 8-1-1 (or 7-1-1 for the deaf and hard of hearing) toll-free in B.C. You can speak to a health service navigator who can connect you with one of our registered dietitians, who are available 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday. You can also leave a message after hours.
Translations services are available in more than 130 languages.
HealthLinkBC Dietitians can also answer your questions by email.
Find Services and Resources
If you are looking for health services in your community, you can use the HealthLinkBC Directory to find hospitals, clinics, and other resources.


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On April 26, 1987, petitioner Stevens, who was in his 60's, was subjected to an adverse personnel action by his employer, the Internal Revenue Service. Believing that he had been the victim of age discrimination, he attempted to invoke his agency's administrative procedure for resolving such claims in September, 1987, long after the expiration of the applicable time period set forth in Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regulations. On October 19, he filed a formal administrative complaint of age discrimination with the Department of the Treasury, concluding with a notice of his intention to sue if the matter was not satisfactorily resolved. The complaint was rejected because of the untimeliness of his initial attempt to obtain relief, and the EEOC's Office of Review and Appeals affirmed. On May 3, 1988, Stevens filed a complaint against the Department and its Secretary in the District Court, which dismissed the case with prejudice, concluding that it was "without jurisdiction" to apply the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) in the circumstances. Noting that a federal employee has two alternative avenues of relief under the ADEA, the court reasoned (1) that Stevens had not satisfied the requirements for proceeding directly to federal court under 29 U.S.C. 633a(d), which, the court declared, mandated that he "initiate an action no later than 180 days from the unlawful action and notify the EEOC within 30 days prior to commencing suit," and (2) that his attempted administrative procedure had not properly been invoked because of untimeliness, whereas, having chosen the [500 U.S. 1, 2] administrative route under 633a(b), he was required to exhaust his administrative remedies before bringing suit. The Court of Appeals declared that, under 633a(d), Stevens had to file a notice of intent to sue within 180 days of the allegedly discriminatory action, but did not have to initiate his federal suit within that period. Nevertheless, the court affirmed the dismissal of his complaint on the ground that, since he had not initiated his suit until May 3, 1988, his October 19, 1987, notice to the EEOC was not effective.
BLACKMUN, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which REHNQUIST, C.J., and WHITE, MARSHALL, O'CONNOR, SCALIA, KENNEDY, and SOUTER, [500 U.S. 1, 3] JJ., joined, and in all but Part IV of which STEVENS, J., joined. STEVENS, J., filed an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part, post, p. 11.
Alison Steiner argued the cause for petitioner. With her on the briefs were Michael Adelman and Donald B. Verrilli, Jr.
Amy L. Wax argued the cause pro hac vice for respondents. With her on the brief were Solicitor General Starr, Assistant Attorney General Gerson, Deputy Solicitor General Roberts, Harriet S. Shapiro, Michael Jay Singer, and Donald R. Livingston.
JUSTICE BLACKMUN delivered the opinion of the Court.
This case concerns a claim of age discrimination said to be in violation of 15 (the federal employees' component) of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, 81 Stat. 602, as added by the Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1974, 88 Stat. 74, and amended, 29 U.S.C. 633a.
Petitioner Charles Z. Stevens, III is an employee of the United States Internal Revenue Service. In August, 1986, when he was 63 years of age, Stevens was accepted into the Service's Revenue Officer Training Program at Austin, Tex., and assumed probationary status as a civil service employee. On April 26, 1987, he was advised that his performance in the program was not satisfactory. He then requested a transfer out of the program and a demotion, rather than face separation from the Service. Believing that he had been the victim of age discrimination, Stevens, on May 21, wrote his Congressman for assistance. See App. 8. That inquiry proved to be nonproductive.
In September, 1987, petitioner attempted to invoke his agency's administrative procedure for resolving age discrimination complaints through an initial meeting with an Equal Employment Opportunity Counselor. This, however, [500 U.S. 1, 4] was long after the expiration of the 30-day period prescribed for such an application by 29 CFR 1613.511, 1613.512, and 1613.214(a)(1)(i) (1990). On October 19, petitioner filed a formal administrative complaint of age discrimination with the Department of the Treasury. App. 11. At the end of that complaint was the following statement: "This is also my notice of intention to sue in U.S. Civil District Court if the matter is not satisfactorily resolved." Id., at 15. The complaint was rejected, it was said, because of the delay in seeking a meeting with the counselor and because there was no showing of good cause for not complying with the 30-day requirement. Id., at 16. This action was described by the Director of the Regional Complaints Center as "a final agency decision." Id., at 19. On petitioner's appeal to the EEOC Office of Review and Appeals, the rejection for untimeliness was affirmed on March 30, 1988. Id., at 20.
On May 3, 1988, petitioner filed pro se his complaint against the Department of the Treasury and its Secretary in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas. Id., at 2. At an ensuing hearing, petitioner was represented by counsel. The defense moved to dismiss the action on the ground that petitioner had failed to establish any basis for tolling the 30-day period. Id., at 22. The District Court granted the motion, and dismissed the case with prejudice. App. to Pet. for Cert. A-1. It noted: "[A]n employee who believes that he has been discriminated against because of age has two avenues of relief under the ADEA": he either "may proceed directly to federal court and initiate an action no later than 180 days from the unlawful action and notify the EEOC within 30 days prior to commencing suit," id. at A-3, citing 29 U.S.C. 633a(d), or he "may file an administrative complaint with the employing federal agency and appeal an adverse finding to the" EEOC, in which case he "may bring a federal civil action only after exhausting his administrative remedies," App. to Pet. for Cert. A-3, [500 U.S. 1, 5] citing 29 U.S.C. 633a(b). The court reasoned that the alternative administrative procedure, which petitioner had attempted, had not properly been invoked because of the untimeliness of Stevens' complaint and the absence of a satisfactory explanation for the delay. The court therefore concluded that it was "without jurisdiction" to apply the ADEA "to the circumstances of Stevens' demotion in April, 1987." App. to Pet. for Cert. A-3 to A-4.
Petitioner appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. In an unpublished per curiam opinion, that court disagreed with the District Court's statement that the employee could go directly to federal court "no later than 180 days from the unlawful action." It said that Stevens had to file a notice of intent to sue within 180 days of the allegedly discriminatory action, but that he did not have to initiate his federal suit within that period. Id., at A-7. The court went on to say: "However, Stevens did not initiate the present action in federal court until May 3., 1988[;] therefore Stevens' notice to the EEOC, of October 19, 1987 was not effective. Ibid. The court concluded: "Although the district court did not state the applicable law correctly, ultimately the correct result was reached, since Stevens failed to meet the requirements set forth in 29 U.S.C. 633a(d)." Id., at A-8. The District Court's dismissal was affirmed. Judgt. order reported at 897 F.2d 526 (1990).
We granted certiorari over the Government's opposition because of what appeared to us to be a clear misreading by the lower courts of the applicable and important federal statute. 498 U.S. 957 (1990).
As the District Court noted in its opinion, App. to Pet. for Cert. A-3, 15 of the ADEA provides two alternative routes for pursuing a claim of age discrimination. An individual may invoke the EEOC's administrative process and then file a civil action in federal district court if he is not satisfied with his administrative remedies. See 29 U.S.C. 633a(b) and [500 U.S. 1, 6] (c). A federal employee complaining of age discrimination, however, does not have to seek relief from his employing agency or the EEOC at all. He can decide to present the merits of his claim to a federal court in the first instance. See 633a(d). Both routes to court are implicated in this case. We address the direct route first.
Section 15(d) of the Act, 29 U.S.C. 633a(d), reads:
The Court of Appeals corrected one of the District Court's two errors:
There is no foundation that we can discern for any conclusion that the suit was not filed within the applicable period of limitations. The statute does not expressly impose any additional limitations period for a complaint of age discrimination. We therefore assume, as we have before, that Congress intended to impose an appropriate period borrowed either from a state statute or from an analogous federal one. Agency Holding Corp. v. Malley-Duff & Associates, Inc., 483 U.S. 143 , [500 U.S. 1, 8] 146-148 (1987). In this case, we need not decide which limitations period is applicable to a civil action under 29 U.S.C. 633a(c). Stevens filed his suit on May 3, 1988, only one year and six days after the allegedly discriminatory event of April 27, 1987. That, as respondents acknowledge, Brief for Respondents 30, "is well within whatever statute of limitations might apply to the action." 2
The Solicitor General, however, submits that the petition for certiorari should be dismissed as having been improvidently granted. Id., at 31. He rests this submission on the argument that petitioner did not properly present the merits of the timeliness issue to the Court of Appeals, and that this Court should not address that question for the first time. Id., at 8-9, 11-15. He made the same argument in his opposition to the petition for certiorari. Brief in Opposition 5-7. We rejected that argument in granting certiorari, and we reject it again now, because the Court of Appeals, like the District Court before it, decided the substantive issue presented.
The District Court heard the case on the merits. Tr. 83-176. The Court of Appeals, in its turn, specifically referred to Stevens' notice of intention to file a civil suit, App. to Pet. for Cert. A-7, and, as we have explained, answered the timeliness question incorrectly. We thus are satisfied that the issue is properly before us.
Answering the timeliness question in petitioner's favor, as we have, brings us to an issue involving the administrative [500 U.S. 1, 9] route to federal court. Once petitioner had filed an EEOC complaint, was he required to exhaust his administrative remedies in order to file a civil action in district court? The Court of Appeals expressly stated its Circuit rule on exhaustion just eight days after it issued the opinion below. In White v. Frank, 895 F.2d 243, 244 (CA5), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 890 (1990), the court said: "[A]n ADEA plaintiff who chooses to appeal the employer's determination to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission . . . must await final action by that agency before filing an action in federal district court." The exhaustion issue has divided the Circuits. Compare, e.g., Langford v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 839 F.2d 1192, 1194-1195 (CA6 1988), with Purtill v. Harris, 658 F.2d 134, 138 (CA3 1981), cert. denied, 462 U.S. 1131 (1983).
Although the issue is an important one, it is here that we encounter procedural difficulty. Respondents in direct contradiction of their position before the Court of Appeals, now fully agrees with petitioner on the merits of the exhaustion issue. According to the Solicitor General, a federal employee who elects agency review of an age discrimination claim need not exhaust his administrative remedies before bringing a civil action. Respondents have thus abandoned the position that it took before the Court of Appeals when, in its brief there, they said:
It is all well and good for respondents to rethink its position. Their choice, however, has meant that on the merits there is no one before us who stands in a position adverse to petitioner. Neither is there anyone before us who defends the results reached in those decided cases where Courts of Appeals have found an exhaustion requirement when administrative relief is sought before a court action is instituted. See, e.g., McGinty v. United States Department of the Army, 900 F.2d 1114 (CA7 1990); Castro v. United States, 775 F.2d 399 (CA1 1985); Purtill v. Harris, supra. Those cases stand in conflict with the Sixth Circuit's decision in Langford v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, supra.
In each of these cited cases, the United States put forward the exhaustion requirement. We must assume, in view of the Solicitor General's concession here, that the Government no longer will defend its earlier litigation position.
Under these circumstances we are disinclined to rule on the merits of the exhaustion issue. We feel that our only proper course is to reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals and to remand the case for further proceedings. On remand, the defense presumably (and it is a strong presumption) will submit to the Court of Appeals its altered positions - that there is no exhaustion issue at all in this case because petitioner did not institute his court action until after a final decision of the agency had been made - and, if that submission is not accepted by the court, that respondents now have withdrawn from the stance they took before the Court of Appeals on the merits. In either event, petitioner Stevens finally should gain his day in court and will not have all avenues to relief completely blocked. [500 U.S. 1, 11]
Meanwhile, to be sure, the rulings in McGinty, Castro, and Purtill, and any other rulings to the same effect, will remain outstanding, and in conflict with Langford. There is little or nothing, by way of disagreement or agreement with those cases, that this Court should do in the present litigation. The cases may be respectively challenged or supported by some future litigant in a way that will lead to a definitive resolution of the existing conflict in authority. If this does not come about, then, because of the Government's change-of-mind and new position, any legal significance of the conflict may simply fade away with the passage of time.
Reversed and remanded.
Fn [500 U.S. 1, 6] EEOC accepts a notice given to the employing agency as sufficient compliance with the statutory notice requirement. See Management Directive EEO-MD 107, ch. 12, pp. 12-2 and 12-3.
[ Footnote 2 ] Indeed, when Stevens formally was advised of his right to sue, he was told: "[Y]ou MAY have up to six years after the right of action first accrued in which to file a civil action." This was a reference to the general statute of limitations, 28 U.S.C. 2401(a), for a civil action against the Government. See Brief for Respondents 30, n. 22.
JUSTICE STEVENS, concurring in part and dissenting in part.
While I join the remainder of the Court's opinion, I disagree with Part IV. In my view, the Government is quite right in its present position that the statute contains no requirement that a federal employee exhaust administrative remedies before instituting a court action. The case is not moot, because the Government's position as petitioner's employer is adverse to petitioner. The adversary posture that the Court finds lacking as to the exhaustion issue is equally lacking as to the issue that the Court does decide. Compare ante at 9-10, with ante at 7-8. Moreover, because 29 U.S.C. 633a, the statutory provision at issue, applies only to federal employees, the adversary posture the Court awaits will never arise unless the Government once again reverses its position.
The Court acknowledges that the exhaustion question is an important issue on which the lower courts are divided. See ante at 9. The issue is also straightforward and capable of swift resolution. The Government in its argument before the Court of Appeals based its contention that exhaustion is required solely on an analogy to Title VII. See Brief for Appellees in No. 89-1432 (CA5), pp. 6-7. Unlike Title [500 U.S. 1, 12] VII, however, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) contains no express requirement that a federal employee complainant seek administrative relief. There is therefore no basis from which to infer that a complainant who has voluntarily sought administrative relief must exhaust all administrative remedies before proceeding to Court. The EEOC, charged with interpretation of the ADEA, does not read the statute to require exhaustion by federal employees. See 29 CFR 1613.513 (1990).
The only language of the ADEA relied on by those Courts of Appeals that have required exhaustion is the omission from 633a of a provision like that in Title VII allowing an employee to abandon the administrative complaint route if there has been no administrative action within 180 days. * This provision, however, is unnecessary in 633a because, as I have explained, the ADEA contains no requirement for federal employees equivalent to Title VII's command that a complainant first seek administrative relief.
I would therefore resolve the exhaustion issue as well as the timeliness question. To that extent, I respectfully dissent from the Court's disposition.
[ Footnote * ] See Purtill v. Harris, 658 F.2d 134, 138 (CA3 1981), cert. denied 462 U.S. 1131 (1983); Castro v. United States, 775 F.2d 399, 404 (CA1 1985); Rivera v. United States Postal Service, 830 F.2d 1037, 1039 (CA9 1987), cert. denied, 486 U.S. 1009 (1988); Bornholdt v. Brady, 869 F.2d 57, 63 (CA2 1989); White v. Frank, 895 F.2d 243, 244 (CA5), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 890 (1990); McGinty v. United States Department of Army, 900 F.2d 1114, 1117 (CA7 1990). [500 U.S. 1, 13]
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Citation: 500 U.S. 1
Docket No: No. 89-1821
Argued: March 19, 1991
Decided: April 24, 1991
Court: United States Supreme Court
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