text:
This web site is provided by Dr. Dale Pearlman and his associates for informational purposes and any information provided on this web site does not constitute medical advice or recommendation for treatment. By visiting or using Dr. Pearlman's site (Nuvoforheadlice.com) or other Nuvo services ("Nuvo Services" or "Services"), you agree to be bound by the terms and conditions on our legal page.
Each treatment application has three main steps.
Apply the wet lotion throughout the scalp.
Comb out as much excess lotion as possible.
Use a blow dryer to dry your child's hair. This dries the lotion on the scalp, and coats any lice in a shrink-wrap-like layer. The dry lotion must remain on the hair and scalp for at least 8 hours. Usually parents leave it in place until the child's usual bath or shower the next day.
The course of treatment consists of 3 applications done at one week intervals.
You may order these items from our recommended supplies page. If you order via our links to Amazon, a small portion goes to support this website. But the price you pay remains the same.
A large bath towel for draping on your child's shoulders.
- If you wish to perform the diagnostic Lice ID Test, you also need a pale colored hand towel or a disposable "puppy pad." (Full instructions are on the Lice ID Test page.)
Cetaphil Gentle Skin Cleanser, (8 oz for short hair, 12 oz for shoulder-length or longer hair).
If your child has long hair, you should also get a wide-toothed detangler comb.
If you need to remove nits to comply with your school's "no nit policy," you will need a Licemeister comb for step 8. In our experience the metal Licemeister comb is far superior to inexpensive, plastic lice combs. Important: Removing nits is NOT necessary for cure.
How to apply the lotion– detailed instructions
Cover your child's shoulders with a big dry bath towel to catch the lotion which will drip from the scalp.
To boost your cure rate you must cover all the lice with lotion. We advise you to apply so much lotion that it literally overflows the totally soaked scalp and drips off onto the towel.
Pour 8 oz of Cetaphil into the condiment dispenser.
Step 1. Begin with dry hair. Start at the left of the scalp. Make sure the nozzle is always touching the skin. Apply the lotion zigzag back and forth from front to back and then back to front. Apply to the entire scalp as you move forward until you reach the front of the scalp. Use 1/4 of the bottle.
While the lotion is shown in the diagrams below as yellow, actual Cetaphil Cleanser is a translucent pearly liquid which is not visible once dried on scalp.
Step 2. Now start at the back of the scalp. Again make sure the nozzle is always touching the skin. Change the direction of your zigzagging application now to "criss cross" the first pattern. Move zigzag front to back then back to front as you move from the right side to the left side of the scalp . Use again 1/4 of a bottle always touching the scalp with the bottle nozzle.
Step 3. Use your fingers to thoroughly massage the lotion throughout the scalp and hair.
Step 4. Redo steps 1, 2, and 3. Use up another 1/2 bottle of lotion. You now have used a whole bottle of the lotion.
Step 5. Does your child have long hair that reaches to the upper back? Then apply another 1/2 bottle of lotion to that large amount of hair from roots to tips and massage in thoroughly with your fingers.
Step 6. Wait 2 minutes for lotion to act.
Step 7. Comb out the lotion. You should seek to comb out as much excess Cetaphil lotion as possible. You are done when you can't get out any more lotion. The more you get out, the quicker will be the blow drying step which comes next. You may choose to first use a "detangler comb" if the hair is long or thick. Otherwise you can just start with the plain comb. (Note: if you want to perform the diagnostic Lice ID Test, you will need to examine the combed out lotions. Full instructions are on the Lice ID Test page.)
Step 8. If you need to remove nits to comply with your school's "no nit policy," then use the Licemeister®comb to carefully go through the entire scalp. It will remove many nits. If your child's school does not have such a policy, then skip this step. It adds 70% more work and is unnecessary to cure children of head lice.
Step 9. Blow dry the hair thoroughly, so that the scalp skin, hair roots, and full length of the hair are totally dry. You may use a detangler comb and/or your fingers to make the drying process easier. Anticipate that this will takes 3 times longer than drying hair that is just wet with water.
Step 10. You may style the hair now with a sterilized comb and/or brush. Please do not apply any styling gel, mousse, hair spray, or other cosmetic products to the hair while the dried Cetaphil lotion is on the hair.
Step 11. Leave the dried lotion on the child's head for at least 8 hours, preferably overnight.
Step 12. To remove the lotion at the end of the treatment phase, you just shampoo with your usual shampoo, cream rinses, etc.
Recommended household clean-up
The three clean up steps should be done once a week at the time of the weekly treatment.
Sterilize all the family's combs and brushes. You can choose one of two methods. You may soak the combs and brushes in isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol for 10 minutes or you may put them in the dishwasher on the full hot cleaning cycle.
Treat all bedding at the time of each lotion application. Take all sheets, pillow cases, blankets, comforters, and bedspreads from the beds in your house and run them in the dryer for 10 minutes on high temperature. Then put the bedding back on beds. You do not have to wash it.
Patients should change to new fresh clothes after each treatment. Put dirty clothes in the laundry hamper for later laundering.
A Final Caution
To achieve cure, it is important to follow the directions carefully. We have seen the treatment fail when parents do not follow instructions. Avoid these four common mistakes:
a) Parents skimp on amount of Cetaphil Cleanser used.
You must use precisely the amount recommended in the detailed instructions or you will fail to coat all the lice with lotion. An uncoated louse will survive the treatment and may go on to reproduce. This is especially important for children with shoulder length or longer hair. You must remember to add an extra half bottle because of the long hair.
b) Parents apply the lotion incorrectly to the scalp.
Sometimes parents just squirt it on top of the hair and try to massage it in. This is NOT the way we explain in the instructions. You must achieve a uniform coverage of the entire scalp to be effective. It is critical to be touching the scalp with the nozzle the entire time you apply the lotion. The "criss cross" pattern of application assures even, complete coverage.
c) Parents do not completely dry the lotion on the scalp.
You must dry the scalp so that it is totally dry. The lotion works by drying onto the louse and plugging up its breathing holes. If you leave the scalp and hair partly wet then the lotion can be accidentally rubbed off when your child changes his shirt, lies down on his pillow, rubs his hair, or lies on the carpet or couch. By thoroughly drying the lotion in the scalp, the lotion adheres to the lice and kills them.
d) The timing between the applications is wrong.
You must use the treatment in three applications done at one-week intervals. The dried lotion kills lice and disrupts their life cycle. If you wait too long for the next application, then baby lice can grow into adults and lay eggs and continue the cycle.
If you have questions, please go to our Frequently Asked Questions page.
We regret that we cannot answer individual e-mail questions. However, if you feel at your question has not been answered on our web site, please send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com. From time to time, we will be posting the answers to additional FAQs.
Notice: The Nuvo method for treating and diagnosing head lice has not been evaluated or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Cetaphil® is a trademark of Galderma Laboratories, L.P. United States, which has not reviewed or endorsed the material on this web site.
Recommended Supplies:
Check out our online store for a low-cost, convenient way to order the supplies needed for the Nuvo Method treatment of head lice.

subset: commoncrawl


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South Africa
Most of South Africa's landscape is made up of high, flat areas called plateaus.
Most of South Africa's landscape is made up of high, flat areas called plateaus. These lands are covered with rolling grasslands, called highveld, and tree-dotted plains called bushveld.
To the east, south, and west of the plateau lands is a mountainous region called the Great Escarpment. The eastern range, called the Drakensberg, or Dragon's Mountain, is filled with jagged peaks, some more than 11,400 feet (3,475 meters) high.
Interestingly, South Africa has another country within its borders. Nestled in the Drakensberg is the mountainous kingdom of Lesotho. Much of South Africa's water comes from the snowcapped peaks of this tiny, landlocked nation.
Map created by National Geographic Maps
Many different peoples make up South Africa, each with their own language and history. The country has 11 official languages and many more unofficial ones. This colorful mix of cultures gives South Africa its nickname "rainbow nation."
South Africans are passionate about music, often using song and dance to express social and political ideas. They're also known worldwide for their skill in sports, including rugby, cricket, golf, and soccer. In 2010, South Africa became the first African nation to host the World Cup.
From aardvarks to zebras, South Africa is full of wildlife. The country takes up only about one percent of Earth's land surface, but is home to almost 10 percent of the world's known bird, fish, and plant species and about 6 percent of its mammal and reptile species.
The seas around South Africa are also crowded with wildlife. About 2,000 marine species visit South African waters at some point during the year. There's also a world-famous sardine run off the east coast each June that draws thousands of hungry sharks, dolphins, and birds.
South Africa works to preserve its wildlife with dozens of protected land and marine areas, including the famous Kruger National Park in the north, as well as nearly 9,000 privately-owned game reserves throughout the country.
Nevertheless, many of South Africa's animals are hurt by illegal hunting and loss of habitat, and dozens of species are in danger of extinction, including the black rhinoceros, the cheetah, and the African wild dog.
South Africa has been a democratic republic since holding its first truly open election on April 27, 1994. Natural resources, agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing have made South Africa the largest economy on the continent. But problems with unemployment, poverty, and AIDS present huge challenges for the government.
In northern South Africa near Johannesburg, there is a cave formation called the Sterkfontein. Within these caves, archaeologists have uncovered some of the earliest human fossils ever found. Some are more than two million years old. The find earned the region the nickname "Cradle of Humankind."
About 24,000 years ago, tribes of hunter-gatherers known as the San, or Bushmen, began moving into South Africa. Many San still live, much as their ancestors did, around the Kalahari Desert in the northwest.
In the 1400s, European ships heading to the Far East began stopping on the South African coast for supplies. In 1652, the Netherlands established the southern city of Cape Town, and Dutch farmers, called Boers, began settling in the areas around the city.
In 1806, wars in Europe left the British in control of the Cape Town colony. In 1910, the British united four colonies in the region and created South Africa. They established laws that separated whites from black South Africans, a practice of segregation called apartheid, which led to decades of conflict.
In 1963, Nelson Mandela, head of the anti-apartheid African National Congress, was given a life sentence in jail for "terrorist" activities. In 1990, after 27 years behind bars, he was freed by President F.W. de Klerk. In 1994, Mandela was elected president of South Africa and served until 1999.


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< MinGW
One of the new features of F16 will be the introduction of a Cross Compiler Framework. This framework will obsolete the Fedora MinGW toolchain which can be found in current versions of Fedora.
Initially, this framework will have support for building binaries for Win32 and Win64 targets. The mingw-w64 toolchain will be used for this. However support for other targets (like Mac OS X) can be added quite easily.
The goal of this framework is to provide a generic method to cross-compile binaries for multiple targets with as little packaging overhead as possible.
The framework will use several namespaces. Each namespace has it own characteristics. These will be explained here
Package names:
cross- Used for packages which can be built for multiple targets mingw- Used for packages which can be built for both Win32 and Win64 but not for other targets mingw32- Used for packages which can only be built for Win32 mingw64- Used for packages which can only be built for Win64 darwinx- Used for packages which can only be built for Mac OS X (future work)
%{_mingw32_...} Used for files which are only used on Win32 %{_mingw64_...} Used for files which are only used on Win64 %{_darwinx_...} Used for files which are only used on Mac OS X (future work)
Development and testing repository
All development of this toolchain is currently being done in a SVN repository at http://svn.nntpgrab.nl/svn/fedora_cross (SVNWeb: http://svn.nntpgrab.nl/viewvc/Fedora%20Cross%20Compiler%20Framework/) It has anonymous read-only access. For write access, please contact epienbro on FreeNode #fedora-mingw.
At the moment there are two testing repositories available. The first one contains Win32 and Win64 packages while the other one contains Win32, Win64 and Mac OS X packages. The packages from the first one are expected to land in Fedora 16.
NOTE: If you want to test, please use only one of the below methods, not both
Testing repository containing Win32 and Win64 packages:
The packages from this repository are planned to be added to Fedora 16. It contains all mingw32-* packages which have been in Fedora as of December 30 2010.
All packages from this repository contain the dist tag '.fc15_cross'.
To enable this repository, drop the file http://build1.vanpienbroek.nl/fedora-cross/fedora-cross.repo in /etc/yum.repos.d and perform a 'yum update'. Note that this testing repository will obsolete any mingw32 packages you might have installed!
If you're still running on a Fedora 14 environment you need to un-comment the 'exclude=..' line in the /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-cross.repo file. Otherwise you'll get a dependency resolving conflict.
Testing repository containing Win32, Win64 and Mac OS X packages:
Due to legal issues and the fact that various binary blobs are used these packages can't be added to Fedora (yet). Please only use this repository when you really need Mac OS X support.
All packages from this repository contain the dist tag '.fc15_cross_darwinx'.
To enable this repository, drop the file http://build1.vanpienbroek.nl/fedora-cross-darwinx/fedora-cross-darwinx.repo in /etc/yum.repos.d and perform a 'yum update'. Note that this testing repository will obsolete any mingw32 packages you might have installed!
If you're still running on a Fedora 14 environment you need to un-comment the 'exclude=..' line in the /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-cross-darwinx.repo file. Otherwise you'll get a dependency resolving conflict.
Issues with these testing repositories can be reported on the fedora-mingw mailing list or #fedora-mingw on FreeNode
Package versions
In the development/testing repository several changes have been applied which aren't part of the mingw32 packages which are currently in rawhide. Here's a list of the changes which aren't in rawhide yet:
Binutils / GCC:
The mingw-w64 developers have indicated that the latest HEAD versions of binutils and GCC (4.6) are stable for generating binaries for Win32 and Win64 targets. I The latest HEAD versions of binutils and gcc are currently already used in rawhide for the native toolchain. For the cross compiler framework the same package versions of binutils and gcc are used as their native fedora counterparts (which are recent snapshots).
The latest GCC also enables LTO support.
mingw-w64 headers/crt:
To build binaries for Win32/Win64 you need headers and some runtime libraries. Upstream maintains two sets of packages containing the mingw-w64 headers and the crt. For the cross compiler framework we decided to use the 'v1.0' branch and not the trunk version. If there's a demand (or upstream indicates that the trunk version is stable enough) we can switch to the trunk version instead. At the time of writing the latest v1.0 release is a snapshot dated 20101003 which can be found at http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/
New packages:
- libiconv has been replaced by win-iconv (review request)
- libjpeg has been replaced by jpeg-turbo
Changes in packages:
- filesystem: fixed a bug which triggered invalid declarare statement in the %{_mingw32_env} macro (BZ#657478)
- filesystem: the mingw32_cmake macro now supports out-of-source builds
- gcc: dropped the pthreads dependency on gcc by moving the libgomp pieces (which require pthreads) to a seperate package (BZ#599567)
- gcc: the testsuite (for the i686-w64-mingw32 target) will be run (using wine) every time the package is built
- gettext: make libintl-8.dll a soft-dependency (already in rawhide)
- cairo: enable 'tee' support
Regular package updates:
- Update to gdk-pixbuf 2.23.0
- Update to pixman 0.21.2
- Update to glib 2.27.95
- Update to libsoup 2.33.5
- Update to gtk2 2.23.90
- Update to gnutls 2.10.4
- Update to cairo 1.10.2
To provide a clean upgrade path and as little breakage as possible the introduction of this framework can be split in several phases.
Phase 1: Package reviews
The 5 packages which form the toolchain have to be reviewed and approved first mingw-filesystem: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=673784 mingw-binutils: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=673786 mingw-gcc: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=673788 mingw-headers: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=673790 mingw-crt: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=673792
Phase 2: Request a separate buildroot
To avoid breakage in the rawhide tree it's recommended to perform large changes in a separate buildroot first and when everything is ready merge everything back in one go
Phase 3: Bootstrap the mingw-w64 toolchain
Once the 5 packages mentioned in phase 1 are approved they can be imported. In order to bootstrap the mingw-w64 toolchain this has to be done in a specific order.
1. Import the mingw-filesystem package, build it and wait for it to enter the buildroot 2. Import the mingw-binutils package, build it and wait for it to enter the buildroot 3. Import the mingw-headers package, build it and wait for it to enter the buildroot 4. Import the mingw-gcc package, build it (with the %bootstrap flag set to 1 and the %enable_libgomp flag set to 0) and wait for it to enter the buildroot 5. Import the mingw-crt package, build it and wait for it to enter the buildroot 6. Rebuild the mingw-gcc package with the %bootstrap flag set to 0 (and the %enable_libgomp flag set to 0) and wait for it to enter the buildroot
Phase 4: Rebuild all mingw32 packages
The mingw-w64 toolchain is now operational and can build binaries for both Win32 and Win64. As the name of the triplet has been changed (in the cross-filesystem package) from i686-pc-mingw32 to i686-w64-mingw64 as mingw32 packages have to be rebuild. All mingw32 packages should have been using macros like %{_mingw32_bindir} as mentioned in the MinGW Packaging Guidelines. As all these macros have been moved to the cross-filesystem package a plain rebuild should be sufficient to get mingw32 packages built against the new toolchain.
Packages which have the triplet 'i686-pc-mingw32' hardcoded in their .spec files need to updated as they aren't conforming to the packaging guidelines
Any packages which failed to build need to be fixed first before continuing
Phase 5: Merge the separate buildroot back in the rawhide tree
As all packages are rebuilt against the new toolchain all updated packages can be merged back in the rawhide tree. From here on, all changes can be applied directly in the rawhide tree
Phase 6: Drop the old mingw32 toolchain packages
Now that the mingw-w64 based toolchain is imported the original mingw32 based toolchain has been obsoleted. The packages mingw32-filesystem, mingw32-binutils, mingw32-gcc, mingw32-w32api and mingw32-runtime can be dropped from the repository without breaking anything
Phase 7: Rename and port all mingw32-packages to the new framework
This phase is also the most time-consuming one. Right now all mingw32 packages use the prefix 'mingw32-'. All packages (which want to be built for both win32 and win64) have to be renamed to use the prefix 'cross-' instead of 'mingw32-'. In additional several macros will have to be replaced. See the porting guide for more details.
This phase isn't time limited. Package maintainers don't have to port to the new framework if they don't want to add support for additional targets. They can leave their packages as is
In the testing repository there are 32 packages which have already been ported to the new cross compiler framework. These changes can be applied to rawhide as well
A special case is the pthreads package. Once the mingw-pthreads package has been imported and built then we will be able to (re-)enable libgomp support in GCC. Enabling this feature is just switching a flag called %enable_libgomp in the mingw-gcc package.
Porting guide
First thing to keep in mind is that the name of the triplet for Win32 has been changed. Originally this was i686-pc-mingw32 while with the new cross compiler framework this has changed to i686-w64-mingw32. This has been done to indicate that the new mingw-w64 toolchain is used instead of the old mingw.org one. All paths have been updated to use this new name as well. So now all files are kept in /usr/i686-w64-mingw32 instead of /usr/i686-pc-mingw32 for Win32. After the initial rebuild (as mentioned in phase 4) all files will be moved to this new location.
If you want your package to be built for multiple targets instead of just Win32 you need to rename the package to use the 'cross-' or 'mingw-' prefix (depending on the package) and apply some changes in the .spec file. If you don't want to add support for other targets you can leave the .spec file as is and ignore the rest of this porting guide.
Generic macros
Most Fedora MinGW packages contain this set of instructions at the top of the .spec file:
%global __strip %{_mingw32_strip} %global __objdump %{_mingw32_objdump} %global _use_internal_dependency_generator 0 %global __find_requires %{_mingw32_findrequires} %global __find_provides %{_mingw32_findprovides} %define __debug_install_post %{_mingw32_debug_install_post}
These have to be adjusted so that the generic cross compilation macros are used:
%global __strip %{_cross_strip} %global __objdump %{_cross_objdump} %global _use_internal_dependency_generator 0 %global __find_requires %{_cross_findrequires} %global __find_provides %{_cross_findprovides} %define __debug_install_post %{_cross_debug_install_post}
Several macros belonging to the cross compiler framework need to know the name of the package (without it's prefix). This can be indicated with this line:
%global _cross_pkg_name mypkg
(Replace 'mypkg' with the name of the package, for example 'glib2' or 'gnutls')
To indicate which targets you want to have the package build you need to add one of these (or all) lines to your .spec file. To build for Win32:
%global _cross_build_win32 1
To build for Win64:
%global _cross_build_win64 1
To build for Mac OS X (future work):
%global _cross_build_darwinx 1
Each package must contain these two lines BEFORE the first occurrence of the %description tag:
%{?_cross_default_requires} %{?_cross_debug_package}
The first macro expands to multiple 'Requires: xxx' tags (depending on the configured build targets, see above). This makes sure then whenever the user wants to install the package 'cross-mypkg' that also the packages 'mingw32-mypkg' and 'mingw64-mypkg' get pulled in.
The second macro is needed to generate a debuginfo subpackage. This replaces the %{?_mingw32_debug_package} macro which was used in several original mingw32 packages
Per-target packages
The goal of the cross compiler framework is to build binaries for multiple targets from a single source RPM. In the first iteration of the cross compiler framework binaries for all compiled targets were placed in the same package. In response to that there has been a demand to split this single binary RPM into per-target RPMs.
To be able to do that one has to define %package sections for all targets (and possibly for other subpackages like a '-static' one). Once the %package sections have been added for all targets you also need to add %files sections for all these packages. In these file lists you can use macros which are mentioned in the file lists section below
It is known that this introduces a lot of duplication, but we haven't been able to rewrite this into proper RPM macros yet. Help is welcome in this area to reduce duplication!
An example can be found at http://svn.openftd.org/viewvc/Fedora%20Cross%20Compiler%20Framework/darwinx/cross-glib2/cross-glib2.spec?view=markup
Upgrade path
Once a package is ported to the cross compiler framework (using per-target binary RPMs) then there are no additional steps needed (like obsoletes tags) to provide an upgrade path. If an user only has mingw32-* packages installed then only packages will be pulled in for the mingw32 target. Packages belonging to other targets will only get installed when the user explicitly installs one of when the user installs the 'cross-mypkg' package (which pulls in the binaries for all available targets, see the %{?_cross_default_requires} remarks in the generic macros section above).
Description and Summary
Most packages mention in their description and/or summary that the package in question is targeted for Win32. Though not strictly required, it's recommended to update the description and summary tags to indicate the targets which this package supports
As a new 'cross-' prefix has been introduced for the base toolchain packages the BuildRequires have to be updated:
Original New ------------------------ ---------------------- mingw32-filesystem >= xx cross-filesystem >= 65 mingw32-binutils cross-binutils mingw32-cpp cross-cpp mingw32-gcc cross-gcc mingw32-gcc-c++ cross-gcc-c++ mingw32-runtime mingw-runtime mingw32-w32api mingw-headers
For other dependencies it depends on whether that specific package has been ported to the new cross compiler framework
Running the ./configure script
The original Fedora Mingw toolchain contained a macro called %{_mingw32_configure} which could be used to call the ./configure script with the proper arguments set. For cross compilation to multiple targets a new macro has been introduced called %{_cross_configure}. The macro creates a separate folder for each target (out of source compilation) and executes the configure script for every target (set with the flags mentioned earlier).
Almost all packages support out of source compilation or require slight patching. The only known exceptions to date are zlib and openssl. Packages which don't support out of source compilation may require a different approach like performing everything in the %install phase. If you happen to stumble across a package which requires a different approach feel free to contact us on the Fedora MinGW mailing list
If you want to supply arguments to the ./configure call, you have to use a slightly different approach than before. Say you've got something like the call below:
%{_mingw32_configure} --disable-xlib --enable-win32
This has to be changed to something like this:
%{_cross_configure "--disable-xlib" "--enable-win32"}
The quotes mentioned above are mandatory! If you forget them then rpmbuild will fail or the arguments might not get passed to the ./configure calls. Also note that the '}' character needs to be placed after all the arguments
Some packages need to be built multiple times for each target. Examples of this are packages which have to be built once for a static version and once for a shared version. Such packages can add a custom suffix to the build directory used. Say you've got something like below:
mkdir build_shared pushd build_shared %{_mingw32_configure} --enable-shared popd mkdir build_static pushd build_static %{_mingw32_configure} --enable-static popd
This can be rewritten to something like this:
%{_cross_configure -s shared "--enable-shared"} %{_cross_configure -s static "--enable-static"}
Building and installing the package
Most packages used the command 'make %{?_smp_mflags}' to build the package. In the cross compiler framework you have to use '%{_cross_make %{?_smp_mflags}}' to build the package for all configured targets As with the %{_cross_configure} macro you can also use the '-s' argument to indicate a custom suffix to the build directory used
To install the package the command 'make install DESTDIR=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT' was used in almost all cases. This can be rewritten to '%{_cross_make_install DESTDIR=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT}' to install the package for all configured targets The '-s' argument can also be used here
Custom %install instructions
Some packages require some custom instructions before the files are ready to be packaged. Such code can remain as is. However, you may need to duplicate these instructions multiple times (for all configured targets).
Normally all translations should be collected using the %find_lang macro. As this macro generates a list of all available translations (for all targets) it isn't really useful for us. To fix this situation a new macro has been added called %_cross_find_lang. This macro generates multiple file lists. Each file list contains the translations for a given target. Instead of a file named 'mypkg.lang' multiple files are created called 'mingw32-mypkg.lang', 'mingw64-mypkg.lang' and 'darwinx-mypkg.lang' (if enabled). These file lists can be used in the %files section for the various per-target packages.
File lists
All the original filelist macros from the original Fedora MinGW toolchain (like %{_mingw32_bindir}) are still available. The following macros exists for use in filelists:
%{_mingw32_sysroot} %{_mingw32_prefix} %{_mingw32_exec_prefix} %{_mingw32_bindir} %{_mingw32_libdir} %{_mingw32_includedir} %{_mingw32_datadir} %{_mingw32_sysconfdir} %{_mingw32_docdir} %{_mingw32_sbindir} %{_mingw32_libexecdir} %{_mingw32_infodir} %{_mingw32_mandir} %{_mingw32_sharedstatedir} %{_mingw32_localstatedir} %{_mingw64_sysroot} %{_mingw64_prefix} %{_mingw64_exec_prefix} %{_mingw64_bindir} %{_mingw64_libdir} %{_mingw64_includedir} %{_mingw64_datadir} %{_mingw64_sysconfdir} %{_mingw64_docdir} %{_mingw64_sbindir} %{_mingw64_libexecdir} %{_mingw64_infodir} %{_mingw64_mandir} %{_mingw64_sharedstatedir} %{_mingw64_localstatedir} These are only available if you're using the Mac OS X based testing repository: %{_darwinx_sysroot} %{_darwinx_prefix} %{_darwinx_exec_prefix} %{_darwinx_bindir} %{_darwinx_libdir} %{_darwinx_includedir} %{_darwinx_datadir} %{_darwinx_sysconfdir} %{_darwinx_docdir} %{_darwinx_sbindir} %{_darwinx_libexecdir} %{_darwinx_infodir} %{_darwinx_mandir} %{_darwinx_sharedstatedir} %{_darwinx_localstatedir}
Dropped packages
Some packages aren't needed anymore to compile software these days so they won't be ported to the new cross compiler framework and will be dropped from the repository eventually:


text:
|Photo: babyramen
Afternoon tea.... Hot genmaicha in a japanese teacup.
|Photo: babyramen
|Photos: babyramen
|Ozzy is giving you all some love:)
|Photo: babyramen
|Photo: babyramen
|Photo: Fine Little Day
|Normann- Copenhagen
|Photo: Swedish Hasbeen
|Nib's challenge: New meets old. New: sofa from Bolia, chevron pillow from Modernality2, Marimekko mug and bowl, candlesticks from Helgo, origami vase from Urban analog and a Verner Panton lamp. Art on the wall (that you only see a part of) is by Liv Tandrevold Eriksen. Old: vintage tables, magazine holder and pillows made of vintage kimono fabric.
|....and while mummy is taking pictures someone spotted the nuts in the bowl...
|Photo: babyramen
|Photos: Höganesgruppen
|Photos: A Beautiful Mess


text:
Among anesthesiology residents entering primary training from 1975 to 2009, 0.86 percent had a confirmed substance use disorder during training, with the incidence of this disorder increasing over the study period and the risk of relapse high, according to a study appearing in the December 4 issue of JAMA, a medical education theme issue.
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a serious public health problem, and physicians are susceptible. Anesthesiologists have ready access to potent substances such as intravenous opioids, although only indirect evidence exists that SUD is more common in anesthesiologists than in other physicians, according to background information in the article. "Formulation of policy and individual treatment plans is hampered by lack of data regarding the epidemiology and outcomes of physician SUD."
David O. Warner, M.D., of the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., and colleagues examined the incidence and outcomes of SUD among anesthesiology residents in the United State. The analysis included physicians who began training in anesthesiology residency programs from July 1, 1975, to July 1, 2009 (n = 44,612). Follow-up for incidence was to the end of training, and for relapse was until December 31, 2010.
Of the 44,612 residents, 384 (0.86 percent) had SUD confirmed during training. During the study period, an initial high rate was followed by a period of lower rates in 1996-2002, but the highest rates occurred since 2003. The most common substance used was intravenous opioids, followed by alcohol, marijuana or cocaine, anesthetics/hypnotics, and oral opioids. Twenty-eight individuals (7.3 percent) died during the training period; all deaths were related to SUD.
The researchers estimated that approximately 43 percent of survivors experienced at least 1 relapse by 30 years after the initial episode. Rates of relapse and death did not depend on the category of substance used. Risk of relapse during the follow-up period was high, indicating persistence of risk after training. Risk of death was also high; at least 11 percent of those with evidence of SUD died of a cause directly related to SUD.
"To our knowledge, this report provides the first comprehensive description of the epidemiology and outcomes of SUD for any in-training physician specialty group, showing that the incidence of SUD has increased over the study period and that relapse rates are not improving," the authors write.
"Despite the considerable attention paid to this issue, there is no evidence that the incidence and outcomes of SUD among these physicians are improving over time."
(doi:10.l001/jama.2013.281954; Available pre-embargo to the media at http://media.jamanetwork.com)
Editor's Note: Please see the article for additional information, including other authors, author contributions and affiliations, financial disclosures, funding and support, etc.


text:
Photos courtesy of Lily Lodge, Steven Petrarca Events
Plaid enamel plates and cups, a simple white runner and an original centerpiece made of gorgeous orange roses in brown paper bags complete this outdoor lawn picnic table setting for four. (above)
Was in desperate need of the perfect flowers yesterday. Needed to send flowers to someone who was of great help to me this past weekend. A thank you. Challenge was this person lives in Washington D.C. and I live in L.A. The other "challenge" was that I never trust out of area florists…no reason…I just don't…(really logical right?)
For this flower order, I couldn't risk it. Way too important. I needed these flowers to be just right. Nothing too extravagant, something elegant, simple and tasteful. How could I know that a D.C. florist would do the job right…how could I trust (I know…D.C. is a major city filled with competent florists…but I was over thinking the whole thing as I usually do over think things…indulge me please…)?
With perfection in mind, I turned to Ariana Lambert Smeraldo the owner of Los Angeles' swank flower shop called Lily Lodge. I would fly flowers across the country in the dead of winter just so I could be assured of the caliber, quality and design. I knew Ariana's taste in flowers was impeccable and I also knew she offered a service called Flowers in a Box that has flowers delivered in a wonderful box straight to the recipient's door (reminds me of watching old 1950's movies where women received flowers in boxes from their love interests…and also reminds me of my dad – he used to bring home flowers in boxes for my mother, sister and me on Valentine's Day…love this concept)!
Well, of course, Ariana of Lily Lodge had the solution…a lovely box of purple Vanda orchids was shipped off overnight…I got an email from the recipient the next day saying "Wow"! Mission accomplished! (Poor Ariana though had to endure a million emails from me changing my mind, hemming and hawing, wishing and washing on every detail down to the salutation on the card…in the end, I went with what I had first ordered and she had first suggested…Ariana then wisely commented that one should always go with their first instinct.)
Another byproduct of working with Ariana on this flower order was that she gave me permission to use photos from her website…stunning floral arrangements! Yippeee…!
This post features some ideas from Lily Lodge for floral decorations for tabletop entertaining…flowers can make a table standout…whether for a luxe wedding luncheon, a glitzy dinner party or dashing table setting for an afternoon shower…wonderful flower arrangements are the answer!
Garlands of California bay leaves, persimmons, raspberry branches and figs are draped over long tables at an outdoor hillside wedding reception. (above)
White peonies and gardenias in a gold bowl compliment the gold rimmed white china used for this May wedding table.(above)
Green succulents and white dinner plate Dahlias in a vintage silver revere bowl ooze elegance.(above)
Purple New Zealand hydrangea flower arrangements are artfully designed to make a lovely picture for the table at a wedding set in an art gallery. (above and below)
Flowers in a Box from Lily Lodge. (above)
Outside the Lily Lodge store on Robertson Blvd. in Los Angeles, 310.360.9400. (above)
Which centerpiece or table setting is your favorite?
P.S. These tables look fantastic because of the flowers and because of the "tablescaping". Place settings (plates, forks, knives, glassware etc.) for the first two photos are by Small Masterpiece – a company that focus on tabletop design! How cool is that? Make sure to pay attention to all details when trying to set the perfect table.
Photos courtesy of Lily Lodge, Steven Petrarca Events


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More young cigarette smokers may also be lighting up joints than was previously thought, a new study finds.
In a survey of young adults aged 18 to 25, more than half said they also use marijuana. Researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), say that's a big increase from the 35 percent of young adults that, in prior research, had admitted to using both marijuana and tobacco within the past month.
One expert said the new findings ring true.
"The data presented are far more consistent with what I hear simply by speaking with thousands of students of middle and high school age," noted Stephen Dewey, an addiction researcher and director of the Laboratory for Behavioral and Molecular Neuroimaging at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Manhasset, N.Y. "The importance of getting accurate data like these cannot be stressed enough, as treatment programs and the financial support required for them are often guided by studies that demonstrate both prevalence and risk."
According to the researchers, the fact that their study was conducted online, primarily through Facebook, and participants could remain anonymous, may have resulted in a more accurate picture of tobacco and marijuana use.
"We were curious whether rates would be different in our study where we reached out through social media and the Web," study author Danielle Ramo, a postdoctoral scholar in the UCSF Department of Psychiatry, said in an university news release. "And rates were much higher, which shows the problem might be larger than we realize."
The study, published April 18 in Addiction Science and Clinical Practice, was conducted in two phases. First, researchers questioned participants on their smoking habit. In the second stage, 3,500 participants were asked to anonymously reveal if they had used marijuana in the past 30 days.
The study found that of the 68 percent of respondents who smoked cigarettes every day, 53 percent said they had also used marijuana within the past month. Both tobacco and marijuana use was highest among whites, those from the Northeast, those living in rural areas and young adults who were not students, the researchers noted.
"Residence in a medical marijuana state was unrelated to the prevalence of marijuana use as well as the co-use of marijuana and tobacco in this young adult sample," study senior author Judith Prochaska, an associate professor of psychiatry at UCSF, said in the news release. "The prevalence of marijuana use also did not differ by respondents' age, income or gender."
Another expert said he wasn't surprised by the findings.
"Those who suffer from mental health and substance abuse problems have an extremely high rate of nicotine dependence," said Bruce Goldman, director of Substance Abuse Services at The Zucker Hillside Hospital in Glen Oaks, NY. "It stands to reason that those seeking help to quit smoking also would have high rates of substance abuse including cannabis."
He added that, "given the high rates of concurrence, it is a good idea to briefly screen all those seeking smoking cessation services for alcohol and drug abuse problems as well."
The study's authors argued that programs to help young adults quit smoking should also take into account the effects of marijuana use. They said the next step in their research is to bring counseling and other therapies to help people quit to Facebook.
"Adapting the social media aspect into intervention and incorporating the social environment are new ways to approach finding the most effective means for treatment," Prochaska concluded.
"This format allows them to remain anonymous as much as they want, but have ease to access interventions when they are at the age when they are less likely to enter a treatment center, research lab or clinic," added Ramo.
Goldman agreed. "Individuals might be more comfortable seeking assistance via the web than presenting in person to a local treatment center," he reasoned.
- Half of Young Cigarette Smokers Also Smoke Pot
- Synthetic Marijuana Creates Real Problems
- Heroin Addiction Leads To Jail For Niles Man
- Kicking Oxy Habit Hard Pill To Swallow
- Drug Take Back Day Attacks Prescription Abuse
- Drug Treatments for Heroin Addiction Heighten Pain Sensitivity
- Study Examines Military Reserve Alcohol Abuse
- Navy Will Start Testing For Prescription Drugs
- Chronic Pain Patients Overlooked In Debate About Oxycontin Abuse
- Kane Hosting Heroin Abuse Awareness Event For Parents
- Bills Targeting Meth Labs And Pain Pill Abuse Gain New Life
- Covington Police Arrest Man With Ecstasy At Party
- Town Hall Gathering Addresses Substance Abuse in Schools
- Bath Salts Summit Held Same Day As Federal Sting
- More Germans Get Into Drugs But Fewer Die Of Heroin


text:
§291C-49 Driving on roadways laned for traffic. Whenever any roadway has been divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic the following rules in addition to all others consistent herewith shall apply.
(1) A vehicle shall be driven as nearly as practicable entirely within a single lane and shall not be moved from the lane until the driver has first ascertained that such movement can be made with safety.
(2) Upon a roadway which is divided into three lanes and provides for two-way movement of traffic, a vehicle shall not be driven in the center lane except when overtaking and passing another vehicle traveling in the same direction when the center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance, or in preparation for making a left turn or where the center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the same direction that the vehicle is proceeding and such allocation is designated by official traffic-control devices.
(3) Official traffic-control devices may be erected directing specified traffic to use a designated lane or designating those lanes to be used by traffic moving in a particular direction regardless of the center of the roadway and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of every such sign.
(4) Official traffic-control devices may be installed prohibiting the changing of lanes on sections of roadway and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of every such device. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 2018, c 218, §§4, 9]


text:
Story highlights
MTV's "16 and Pregnant" may encourage teens to use birth control
Teen births in the United States have been steadily declining since 1991
Part of the decline can be attributed to the recession, expert says
The next time your teen turns on MTV's "16 and Pregnant," avoid any disparaging remarks. The show may actually encourage him or her to practice safer sex, according to a new study.
The study, released Monday by the National Bureau of Economic Research, says "16 and Pregnant" ultimately led to a 5.7% reduction in teen births in the 18 months after its premiere on TV. This would account for about one-third of the overall decline in teen births in the United States during that period, researchers Melissa Kearney and Phillip Levine concluded.
In 2011, a total of 329,797 babies were born in the United States to girls between the ages of 15 and 19; that's a rate of 31.3 births per every 1,000 girls, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC does not have rates available for 2012; Kearney and Levine say that number dropped to 29.4 per every 1,000 that year.
The declining teen birth rate is a well-documented trend in the United States. Between 1991 and 2008, the rate dropped steadily at an average of about 2.5% a year. In the past four years, it has dropped even more dramatically at a rate of about 7.5% per year.
"We were really curious as to what was going on," said Kearney, who has been studying teen pregnancy interventions alongside Levine for more than a decade. When the researchers learned that Sarah Brown, CEO of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, thought MTV's shows may have something to do with it, they thought: "Could that really be true?"
U.S. women having fewer children
"16 and Pregnant" premiered in June 2009 and has been on for five seasons, with a total of 47 episodes through October 2013. The show features one teen every episode and follows her through several months during and after pregnancy. The documentary-style show inspired several spinoffs, including the popular "Teen Mom."
Both "16 and Pregnant" and "Teen Mom" have experienced their share of controversy. The shows are often criticized for glamorizing teen pregnancy.
"Instead of really helping viewers understand the day-to-day responsibilities of attending to a new infant – scrubbing poop stains or spit-up out of clothing – or dwelling on the 'mundane,' MTV chooses to focus on the girls' volatile relationships with the babies' fathers or their new body piercings and tattoos," Parents Television Council Director Melissa Henson wrote on CNN. "That makes for better TV."
Kearney and Levine looked at Nielsen ratings as well as search data from Google Trends and Twitter to determine the show's potential impact on teen birth rates. They recorded spikes in Google searches and Twitter mentions about the show when new episodes aired and looked specifically for searches on terms such as "birth control" and "abortion" alongside those spikes.
Photos: When teens want to have children
They then analyzed geographic data to see whether locations with higher search activity and tweets about "16 and Pregnant" showed higher levels of searches and tweets about birth control and abortion.
They did.
The researchers also looked to see whether high viewership in certain areas corresponded with a bigger drop in teen births.
It did.
"The results of our analysis indicate that exposure to '16 and Pregnant' was high and that it had an influence on teens' thinking regarding birth control and abortion," the researchers write.
That's all well and scientific, but could a TV show really have that big of an impact on teen birth rates?
"It's an extraordinary study done by two very cautious economists," said Bill Albert, chief program officer at the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. "I jokingly refer to them as Drs. No because they generally set out to say, 'That doesn't work.' For that reason alone, we take it very seriously."
Kearney said that while she and Levine did a lot of "fancy economic work" to make sure their conclusion was right, the most compelling evidence came from the teens' social media language. "The text of the tweets are phenomenal: 'This reminds me to take my birth control.' 'Watching 16 & Pregnant, going to take my birth control,' " she remembered reading.
Of course, no one, including the study authors, is saying that MTV alone is responsible for the declining teen birth rate.
Pediatricians support condoms for teens
About half of the recent dramatic decline can be attributed to the recession, Kearney says. Research shows that all birth rates fall during slow economic times, including teens'; those who were once ambivalent about using birth control often become more conscientious when they realize that finding – or keeping – a job to support a baby would be difficult.
Kearney believes TV shows like "16 and Pregnant" work to deter teens in a similar way.
"Shows that make it clear how hard it can be … affect girls who might not care otherwise," she said. "You see she's fighting with her boyfriend on a daily basis. She's gaining weight. Her friends are partying without her."
Making the immediate cost clear seems to get through to teens more than statistics that show what happens to teen parents when they're 25, Kearney says.
Teens may turn to TV shows about sex because they're lacking other options, Albert says. A recent study published in the medical journal JAMA showed that doctors certainly aren't spending a lot of time talking about the important topic: The average conversation about sex between doctors and teens in the study lasted less than two minutes.
Doctors don't talk to adolescents about sex
And parents, Albert says, are often shocked to learn that teens say their parents have a major influence on their decisions about sex.
"I think the takeaway here is that media can be, and often is, a force for good," Albert said. "We have always viewed these particular shows as sex education for the 21st century."
CNN's Stephanie Smith contributed to this story.


text:
By:School Smart
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Clinching uses cold forming to produce two-layer or multilayer joints of metal sheets and/or profiles, similar to snap fasteners. By means of RIVCLINCH® joining technology, steel and stainless steel materials as well as aluminium and other non-ferrous materials are joined together in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner. Coated and pre-painted metal sheets can also be combined without damaging the surface.
Depending on the choice of RIVCLINCH® joining tools, round or square joining points are produced.


text:
The world's best places to travel for chocolate
Satisfy your sweet tooth in these chocoholic havens.
From all-you-can-eat cocoa buffets to late-night churro stops, here is our travel guide for chocolate lovers.
Maison Cailler
Broc, Switzerland
Tour the home of one of Switzerland's oldest chocolate brands in the Swiss village of Broc, where Cailler has operated a plant since 1898. See how the famed chocolate is produced, then treat your senses with a generous sampling in the factory's tasting room. Travel tip: Visits take up to an hour and a half. Nearby are walking paths and trails for hikers. Go for a climb or walk the footpath along Lake Gruyère.
Magnolia Bakery
New York City
This cozy little 1950s-style bakery shot to fame when characters from the TV series Sex and the City stopped by for a cupcake-fueled sugar rush. As well as red velvet chocolate cupcakes, the bakery dispenses a rainbow of brightly colored cupcakes, plus banana pudding, cookies, cherry cheesecake, and brownies. The German chocolate cake is a high point. Travel tip: Magnolia has four outlets—including the Bleecker Street branch featured in Sex and the City.
Max Brenner
New York City
Known for its hot chocolate served in a specially designed hand-warming "hug mug," the Broadway shop and restaurant offer a mind-boggling array of cacao-based product from chocolate truffle martini and chocolate fondue to Young's chocolate stout. Travel tip: Max Brenner is at 841 Broadway and 141 Second Avenue.
Maya Chocolate, Tabasco
- Nat Geo Expeditions
Here in the likely birthplace of chocolate—the word itself possibly deriving from the Maya xocoatl—taste hot chocolate Maya style: thick, foamy, bittersweet, and flavored with chili peppers. The Spanish conquistadors tempered the bitter brew with sugar, cinnamon, ground almonds, and milk. Try it both ways. Travel tip: Comalcalco, Tabasco, has a cacao museum and cacao haciendas. (Try these top 10 foods of the Maya world.)
The central market of Huaraz, Peru, is busy each morning with vendors crowded in and around the building. Baravelli found his way to this bread-seller by following his nose.
Sachertorte, Vienna
A chocolate sponge cake, thinly coated by hand with apricot jam and then covered with dark chocolate icing, Sachertorte is named for its 1832 inventor, Franz Sacher. He created the dessert to impress his employer, Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich, gaining fame and fortune for himself. In 1876 his son Eduard opened Vienna's Hotel Sacher—visit the splendid café or one of Vienna's four Sacher shops. Travel tip: Top your Sachertorte with unsweetened whipped cream and drink it with coffee or champagne.
Hot Chocolate
Turin, Italy
In Italy's chocolate capital, sip a cioccolato caldo. This winter-buster comes very thick, hot, and agreeably bitter, topped generously with whipped cream. Sample bicerin, a layered hot-chocolate-and-espresso drink served in glass cups, available only in Turin, or try giandujotto, a foil-wrapped, chocolate-hazelnut candy. Travel tip: Visit in February for the chocolate festival, Cioccola-Tò. Buy a Choco-Pass at the tourist office and get discounts on sweet treats around the city.
Valrhona Chocolate
Tain l'Hermitage, France
In wine-making country, on the Rhône's left bank, visit the home of Valrhona chocolate, favored by many of the world's leading chocolatiers and chefs. Unusually, the chocolate is made only with natural fat from cocoa butter; no vegetable fat is added. Chocoholics will enjoy the chance to sample or buy at the factory shop, while professional chefs can study at Valrhona's École du Grand Chocolat, a chocolate-cookery school. Travel tip: The factory shop opens daily except Sundays. Explore the medieval city of Tournon, across the river.
Chocolate and Churros
Madrid, Spain
Few institutions offer better evidence of Madrid's insomnia than its perennially popular chocolaterías (also known as churrerías), typically abuzz with late-night revelers from 4 a.m. to breakfast time. Their trademark dish is the churro, a long waffle-like stick of savory fried dough, eaten dunked into very thick bittersweet hot chocolate. Stop in at the venerable Chocolatería San Ginés, an 1894 throwback. Expect entertainingly brusque service, bright lights, and a frenzied atmosphere. Travel tip: Chocolatería San Ginés is downtown on Pasadizo San Ginés. It's open all night.
Nemesis, River Café
London, England
One of London's best restaurants and the spawning ground of many a celebrity chef, including Jamie Oliver, the café's signature dessert is the Chocolate Nemesis cake. Gooey with a slight crust on top, it gains its richness from a staggering quantity of chocolate. Travel tip: Chocoholics can join a Chocolate Ecstasy Tour of London.
Chocolate Hotel
Bournemouth, England
To eat, breathe, and sleep chocolate, where better to stay than this chocolate-theme hotel? Chocolate-tasting and chocolate-making classes ensure that chocoholics leave satisfied.Planning: The hotel is on West Cliff, near both beach and downtown. Work up an appetite by walking along the town's magnificent beach.


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102 years ago: Prime Minister Sir Joseph Ward announces that New Zealand will gift a 'first-class battleship' to the Royal Navy (22 March 1909).
Prime Minister Ward was positioning New Zealand as a loyal and active participant in the defence of the British Empire. This was a time of increasing naval rivalry among the world's leading nations. There was great anxiety in Britain and the Empire about emerging threats to the Royal Navy's supremacy.
The New Zealand government borrowed heavily to pay for the war ship (pictured above) which visited New Zealand in April and May 1913. Huge crowds turned out to greet the new battle cruiser, HMS New Zealand, described by one observer as a 'grim and formiddble fighting machine'. Many gifts were presented to the ship's crew, including a pair of silver kettle drums (or timpani), one of which is seen here.
HMS New Zealand was ready in time to serve in the 'European War' which began in August 1914. The ship participated in the Battle of Jutland, an important sea battle in the North Sea near Denmark. The 1916 battle is commemorated in the embroidered picture shown below.
The ship's duty was done by the 1920s. It was decommissioned and scrapped in 1922. But the debt remained and the country was still paying off the loan at the end of WWII.
See more objects related to HMS New Zealand in Te Papa's collections.
See a model of HMS New Zealand and read about its role in imperial relations, on the Slice of Heaven minisite.


text:
Bajaj Finance Ltd is quoting at Rs 6029.95, down 4.43% on the day as on 13:19 IST on the NSE. The stock jumped 9.76% in last one year as compared to a 10.4% rally in NIFTY and a 0.57% spurt in the Nifty Financial Services index.
Bajaj Finance Ltd fell for a fifth straight session today. The stock is quoting at Rs 6029.95, down 4.43% on the day as on 13:19 IST on the NSE. The benchmark NIFTY is down around 1.9% on the day, quoting at 16365.25. The Sensex is at 54704.76, down 1.79%.Bajaj Finance Ltd has eased around 17.29% in last one month.Meanwhile, Nifty Financial Services index of which Bajaj Finance Ltd is a constituent, has eased around 9.77% in last one month and is currently quoting at 16261.55, down 2.47% on the day. The volume in the stock stood at 20.71 lakh shares today, compared to the daily average of 12.64 lakh shares in last one month.
The benchmark May futures contract for the stock is quoting at Rs 6090, down 3.64% on the day. Bajaj Finance Ltd jumped 9.76% in last one year as compared to a 10.4% rally in NIFTY and a 0.57% spurt in the Nifty Financial Services index.
The PE of the stock is 60.17 based on TTM earnings ending March 22.
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(This story has not been edited by Business Standard staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
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text: Dave Dawson is primarily known for the competition guns he builds for Todd Jarrett. Well, Dave has now come out with what he calls the "Tactical Advantage" pistol. The "Tactical Advantage" is a custom 1911 single-stack defense gun that can also incorporate Dawson's new "light speed" rail system for mounting a light/laser unit underneath the dust cover. We've heard that …Read More »


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Date: Thu, 23 May 2013 08:10:56 -0700 From: Alan Coopersmith <alan.coopersmith@...cle.com> To: oss-security@...ts.openwall.com CC: Ilja Van Sprundel <ivansprundel@...ctive.com> Subject: Fwd: [ANNOUNCE] X.Org Security Advisory: Protocol handling issues in X Window System client libraries -------- Original Message -------- Subject: [ANNOUNCE] X.Org Security Advisory: Protocol handling issues in X Window System client libraries Date: Thu, 23 May 2013 08:05:22 -0700 From: Alan Coopersmith <alan.coopersmith@...cle.com> To: xorg-announce@...ts.x.org CC: xorg@...ts.x.org, xorg-devel@...ts.x.org X.Org Security Advisory: May 23, 2013 Protocol handling issues in X Window System client libraries ============================================================ Description: ============ Ilja van Sprundel, a security researcher with IOActive, has discovered a large number of issues in the way various X client libraries handle the responses they receive from servers, and has worked with X.Org's security team to analyze, confirm, and fix these issues. Most of these issues stem from the client libraries trusting the server to send correct protocol data, and not verifying that the values will not overflow or cause other damage. Most of the time X clients & servers are run by the same user, with the server more privileged from the clients, so this is not a problem, but there are scenarios in which a privileged client can be connected to an unprivileged server, for instance, connecting a setuid X client (such as a screen lock program) to a virtual X server (such as Xvfb or Xephyr) which the user has modified to return invalid data, potentially allowing the user to escalate their privileges. The X.Org security team would like to take this opportunity to remind X client authors that current best practices suggest separating code that requires privileges from the GUI, to reduce the attack surface of issues like this. The vulnerabilities include: - integer overflows calculating memory needs for replies These calls do not check that their calculations for how much memory is needed to handle the returned data have not overflowed, so can result in allocating too little memory and then writing the returned data past the end of the allocated buffer. * CVE-2013-1981: libX11 22.214.171.1241 (1.6 RC1) and earlier Affected functions: XQueryFont(), _XF86BigfontQueryFont(), XListFontsWithInfo(), XGetMotionEvents(), XListHosts(), XGetModifierMapping(), XGetPointerMapping(), XGetKeyboardMapping(), XGetWindowProperty(), XGetImage() * CVE-2013-1982: libXext 1.3.1 and earlier Affected functions: XcupGetReservedColormapEntries(), XcupStoreColors(), XdbeGetVisualInfo(), XeviGetVisualInfo(), XShapeGetRectangles(), XSyncListSystemCounters() * CVE-2013-1983: libXfixes 5.0 and earlier Affected functions: XFixesGetCursorImage() * CVE-2013-1984: libXi 1.7.1 and earlier Affected functions: XGetDeviceControl(), XGetFeedbackControl(), XGetDeviceDontPropagateList(), XGetDeviceMotionEvents(), XIGetProperty(), XIGetSelectedEvents(), XGetDeviceProperties(), XListInputDevices() * CVE-2013-1985: libXinerama 1.1.2 and earlier Affected functions: XineramaQueryScreens() * CVE-2013-2062: libXp 1.0.1 and earlier Affected functions: XpGetAttributes(), XpGetOneAttribute(), XpGetPrinterList(), XpQueryScreens() * CVE-2013-1986: libXrandr 1.4.0 and earlier Affected functions: XRRQueryOutputProperty(), XRRQueryProviderProperty() [XRRQueryProviderProperty() was introduced in libXrandr 1.4.0 and is not found in 1.3.2 and older releases.] * CVE-2013-1987: libXrender 0.9.7 and earlier Affected functions: XRenderQueryFilters(), XRenderQueryFormats(), XRenderQueryPictIndexValues() * CVE-2013-1988: libXRes 1.0.6 and earlier Affected functions: XResQueryClients(), XResQueryClientResources() * CVE-2013-2063: libXtst 1.2.1 and earlier Affected functions: XRecordGetContext() * CVE-2013-1989: libXv 1.0.7 and earlier Affected functions: XvQueryPortAttributes(), XvListImageFormats(), XvCreateImage() * CVE-2013-1990: libXvMC 1.0.7 and earlier Affected functions: XvMCListSurfaceTypes(), XvMCListSubpictureTypes() * CVE-2013-1991: libXxf86dga 1.1.3 and earlier Affected functions: XDGAQueryModes(), XDGASetMode() * CVE-2013-1992: libdmx 1.1.2 and earlier Affected functions: DMXGetScreenAttributes(), DMXGetWindowAttributes(), DMXGetInputAttributes() * CVE-2013-2064: libxcb 1.9 and earlier Affected functions: read_packet() * CVE-2013-1993: libGLX in Mesa 9.1.1 and earlier Affected functions: XF86DRIOpenConnection(), XF86DRIGetClientDriverName() * CVE-2013-1994: libchromeXvMC & libchromeXvMCPro in openChrome 0.3.2 and earlier Affected functions: uniDRIOpenConnection(), uniDRIGetClientDriverName() - sign extension issues calculating memory needs for replies These calls do not check that their calculations for how much memory is needed to handle the returned data have not had sign extension issues when converting smaller integer types to larger ones, leading to negative numbers being used in memory size calculations that can result in allocating too little memory and then writing the returned data past the end of the allocated buffer. * CVE-2013-1995: libXi 1.7.1 and earlier Affected functions: XListInputDevices() * CVE-2013-1996: libFS 1.0.4 and earlier Affected functions: FSOpenServer() - buffer overflows due to not validating length or offset values in replies These calls do not check that the lengths and/or indexes returned by the server are within the bounds specified by the caller or the bounds of the memory allocated by the function, so could write past the bounds of allocated memory when storing the returned data. * CVE-2013-1997: libX11 188.8.131.521 (1.6 RC1) and earlier Affected functions: XAllocColorCells(), _XkbReadGetDeviceInfoReply(), _XkbReadGeomShapes(), _XkbReadGetGeometryReply(), _XkbReadKeySyms(), _XkbReadKeyActions(), _XkbReadKeyBehaviors(), _XkbReadModifierMap(), _XkbReadExplicitComponents(), _XkbReadVirtualModMap(), _XkbReadGetNamesReply(), _XkbReadGetMapReply(), _XimXGetReadData(), XListFonts(), XListExtensions(), XGetFontPath() * CVE-2013-1998: libXi 1.7.1 and earlier Affected functions: XGetDeviceButtonMapping(), _XIPassiveGrabDevice(), XQueryDeviceState() * CVE-2013-2066: libXv 1.0.7 and earlier Affected functions: XvQueryPortAttributes() * CVE-2013-1999: libXvMC 1.0.7 and earlier Affected functions: XvMCGetDRInfo() * CVE-2013-2000: libXxf86dga 1.1.3 and earlier Affected functions: XDGAQueryModes(), XDGASetMode() * CVE-2013-2001: libXxf86vm 1.1.2 and earlier Affected functions: XF86VidModeGetGammaRamp() * CVE-2013-2002: libXt 1.1.3 and earlier Affected functions: _XtResourceConfigurationEH() - integer overflows parsing user-specified files These calls do not check that their calculations for how much memory is needed to handle the data being read have not overflowed, so can result in allocating too little memory and then writing the returned data past the end of the allocated buffer. * CVE-2013-1981: libX11 184.108.40.2061 (1.6 RC1) and earlier Affected functions: LoadColornameDB(), XrmGetFileDatabase(), _XimParseStringFile(), TransFileName() * CVE-2013-2003: libXcursor 1.1.13 and earlier Affected functions: _XcursorFileHeaderCreate() - unbounded recursion parsing user-specified files These calls read in files and handle C-style '#include' directives to include other files, and have no limit for how many levels deep they will go, including allowing files to #include themselves, until the stack overflows from the recursive function calling patterns. * CVE-2013-2004: libX11 126.96.36.1991 (1.6 RC1) and earlier Affected functions: GetDatabase(), _XimParseStringFile() - memory corruption due to unchecked return values These calls assume that pointers are properly initialized by the XGetWindowProperty() function and don't check for failure of the function to return a valid window property, which can lead to use of uninitialized pointers for reading, writing, or passing to functions such as free(). XGetWindowProperty() in libX11 220.127.116.111 (1.6RC1) and earlier did not ensure returned pointers were initialized to NULL when returning a failure (this is fixed in libX11 18.104.22.1682 and later). * CVE-2013-2005: libXt 1.1.3 and earlier Affected functions: ReqCleanup(), HandleSelectionEvents(), ReqTimedOut(), HandleNormal(), HandleSelectionReplies() Affected Versions ================= X.Org believes all prior versions of these libraries contain these flaws, dating back to their introduction. Versions of the X libraries built on top of the Xlib bridge to the XCB framework are vulnerable to fewer issues than those without, due to the added safety and consistency assertions in the XCB calls to read data from the network, but most of these vulnerabilities are not caught by those checks. Fixes ===== Fixes are available in git commits and patches which will be listed on http://www.x.org/wiki/Development/Security/Advisory-2013-05-23 when this advisory is released. Fixes will also be included in these module releases from X.Org: libX11 220.127.116.112 (1.6 RC2) libXcursor 1.1.14 libXext 1.3.2 libXfixes 5.0.1 libXi 1.7.2 libXinerama 1.1.3 libXp 1.0.2 libXrandr 1.4.1 libXrender 0.9.8 libXRes 1.0.7 libXv 1.0.8 libXvMC 1.0.8 libXxf86dga 1.1.4 libXxf86vm 1.1.3 libdmx 1.1.3 libxcb 1.9.1 libFS 1.0.5 libXt 1.1.4 or releases to be determined from our sister projects: xf86-video-openchrome OpenChrome project - http://www.openchrome.org/ Mesa Mesa3D project - http://www.mesa3d.org/ Thanks ====== X.Org thanks Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive for reporting these issues to our security team and assisting them in understanding them and evaluating our fixes, and Alan Coopersmith of Oracle for coordinating the X.Org response and developing the fixes for these issues. -- -Alan Coopersmith- alan.coopersmith@...cle.com X.Org Security Response Team - xorg-security@...ts.x.org Download attachment "Attached Message Part" of type "application/pgp-signature" (833 bytes) View attachment "Attached Message Part" of type "text/plain" (235 bytes)
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The majority of people today in offices spend a great deal of their time in front of the computer screen. Once people get home from work, they tend to fire up the home computer and use it for personal reasons. All this computer use leaves a lot of people experiencing what the American Optometric Association refers to as "computer vision syndrome." The good news is that there are preventative measures that can be taken to help keep the problems to a minimum.
"We can't avoid spending a lot of time in front of computer screens, these days. It's become a part of our everyday lives," explains Dr. Edward Kondrot, founder of the Healing The Eye & Wellness Center. "But the same type of stress can also come from watching television, reading, or doing anything that places a long-term strain on our eyes. It is important to do things to help avoid the problem and to keep us from feeling the symptoms."
Computer vision syndrome has a range of symptoms that include headaches, blurred and double vision, inability to focus, eyestrain, neck and shoulder pain, and watery or dry eyes. It can be caused from spending a prolonged period of time putting strain on the eye. Here are some tips for helping to prevent computer vision syndrome:
- Vitamins and minerals. Considering that the eyes have one of the highest energy requirements in the body, it is important that they get proper amounts of vitamins and minerals. Dr. Kondrot recommends that people use Vision Saver Formula, manufactured by Nutritional Research, which offers key antioxidants and ingredients that will help improve the health of the eye and reduce eyestrain.
- Homeopathy. Speak with a practitioner to find a level of therapy that will work for your individual circumstances. One of the most common homeopathic remedies to treat eye strain is Ruta Graveolens. This remedy can greatly reduce the symptoms of eye strain during prolonged computer use.
- Blinking. To help keep the eyes from becoming dry, try to blink often. This will help to keep the eye surface moist and prevent it from drying out. Try opening and closing your eyes in a slower motion, giving your eye more time to become moistened.
- Palming. Close your eyes and gently rest the heels of your hands on your cheekbones, covering your eyes with your palms. Imagine and visualize blackness. At the same time, feel your breathing. Breathe deeply, slowly, and evenly, through your nose. The slower you breathe, the better.
- Increase the light. Not having a light on when you are using the computer (or television) can put more of a strain on your eyes. Be sure to put a light on, to help reduce the strain.
- Check the position. The position of your computer can add to your eye strain. It is important that it is positioned a good distance away, around 20-28 inches from the eye, and that there are no glares on it. Re-position your computer to provide maximum eye comfort.
- Take breaks. Even while on the job, it is important to give your eyes a break when using the computer. Ideally, aim for a 15-minute computer break every two hours, and look away from the computer screen for 20 seconds at least every 20 minutes.
"These are all small steps, on their own, but doing them will add up to helping prevent your eyes from straining," adds Dr. Kondrot. "The more we can do to prevent problems with our eyes, the better. We need to take proper care of them, just as we do other parts of our body."
Dr. Kondrot is the author of three best-selling books, including "10 Essentials to Save Your Sight" (Advantage Media Group, July 2012), and president of the Arizona Homeopathic and Integrative Medical Association. He has founded the Healing The Eye & Wellness Center, located just north of Tampa, Fla., which offers alternative and homeopathic routes to vision therapies known as the "Kondrot Program." The program focuses on such conditions as macular degeneration, glaucoma, dry eye, cataracts, and others. His advanced programs have helped people from around the world restore their vision. The center sits on 50 acres of land and features a 14,000-square-foot state-of-the art complex, an organic ranch, jogging trails, swimming pool, hot tub, and more. For more information, visit the site at www.healingtheeye.com.
About Health The Eye & Wellness Center
The Healing The Eye & Wellness Center is located 30 miles north of Tampa, in Dade City, Fla. Founded by Dr. Edward Kondrot, the Center offers world-class alternative therapies for vision conditions, including color and vision therapy, the treatment of glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, dry eye, and more. The center also offers a variety of seminars, webinars, and training sessions for others in the medical community. Dr. Kondrot is the world's only board-certified ophthalmologist and board-certified homeopathic physician. He is also author of three best-selling books in the field. For more information, visit the site at www.healingtheeye.com.


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If Kate Has Twins, Which One Will Assume the Throne?
Britons woke up yesterday morning to gleeful headlines declaring that the former Kate Middleton, Catherine, the Duchess of Cambridge, is pregnant. It was, of course, something British tabloids already knew—every time the Duchess turned down a glass of wine in favor of water or happened to rest her hand on her stomach, she was instantly and obviously pregnant.
But this time around, she actually is. However, the happy couple was forced to explain to the salivating British press much earlier than they had wanted to after Kate, possibly between six and eight weeks pregnant, was rushed to hospital with severe morning sickness. And that's got everyone speculating in a totally new direction—could she possibly be having twins?
The medical term for what Kate's going through is "hyperemesis gravidarum," and it's typically caused by an uptick in baby-growing hormones; it's also more common among women who are pregnant with multiples. However, The Daily Mail, normally one of Britain's most excitable tabloids, had to go and rain on everyone's baby parade when it cautioned that only a "tiny excess" of women who deal with the condition actually go on to have multiples. (So maybe hold off on buying those "Thing 1" and "Thing 2" onesies.)
But it could still happen—and in the event that Kate does have twins, or even triplets, who gets to ascend the throne? According to Josh Voorhies at Slate, "it'll be a flat-out race down the royal birth canal"—meaning that whoever gets born first gets the crown. Voorhies also highlighted that under Britain's new succession laws, it doesn't matter if the firstborn is a boy or a girl; British Commonwealth leaders agreed in 2011 that males and females have equal rights to the throne.
But there's another wrinkle! According to Britain's NHS, just about half of the twins and nearly all of the triplets born in the UK were delivered via caesarian section—so the future King or Queen of England could actually come down to doctor's choice.


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"Laws that forbid the carrying of arms…disarm only those who are neither inclined nor determined to commit crimes. Such laws make things worse for the assaulted and better for the assailants; they serve rather to encourage than prevent homicides, for an unarmed man may be attacked with greater confidence than an armed one."
Thomas Jefferson
While anti-gun advocates put forth every argument under the sun for why you should not be able to own a "high capacity" magazine that holds more than 10 rounds, or that you shouldn't be able to buy ammunition online, or that police should stop going to work until guns have been completely banned, the evidence for disarmament of law abiding citizens as a failed policy is overwhelming.
In Chicago, where guns have essentially been banned for personal defense, the murder of innocents has risen so sharply in recent months that Mayor Rahm Emanual has been left with no other option but to call on criminals to look to their morals and values to stop the carnage. Washington D.C., which bans the carrying of concealed weapons, has maintained one of the highest gun crime murder rates in the country for over three decades – since the legislation was passed in 1975. As the Washington Post notes, the disarming of local residents has been wholly ineffective noting that the "guns kept coming, and bodies kept falling."
These localized examples of the detrimental effects of restrictive gun policies are nothing, however, when compared to what's happened in Australia, where the government implemented a "buy back" program in 1997 that completely banned gun ownership for the general population. While Australia's politician promised a lower crime rate once the ban was in place, the disarming of its citizens has led to exactly the opposite effect.
A right stolen by their government, promising safety in return for its gun ban. But now citizens know the frightening truth. The cost of lost liberty can be measured in the loss of life.
"It's become very, very obvious… that the expenditure of half a billion dollars has done absolutely nothing to reduce crime."
"It certainly didn't do what the government touted it would do, which was to reduce crime. It hasn't done that at all. In fact, there has been more."
"What's happening today is that the offender, the bad buys, are happy to break into somebody's house. They're not frightened to break into somebody's house while they're at home."
"It's very bad at the moment. It's never been worse."
Here are the cold hard facts from Australia that anti-gun forces can no longer escape:
Armed Robberies are UP 69%
Assaults Involving Guns are UP 28%
Gun Murders are UP 19%
Home Invasions – a crime for which Australia didn't even have laws before the gun ban because it never happened – are UP 21%
Like Chicago and Washington D.C., Australia's gun laws have back fired. The statistics above are rarely if ever reported by mainline news channels in America because the evidence is clear: If you take away guns from law abiding citizens, the only people with guns will be the criminals.
Not only is the evidence regularly buried, but harrowing stories of self defense where individuals have taken it upon themselves to protect their lives and property are often downplayed. When a 65 year old jewelry shop owner took matters into her own hands and opened fire on five gun-toting armed robbers recently, what did the local CBS affiliate mention repeatedly in their report?
"As much as those cops like seeing bad guys having the tables turned on them, they still caution everybody that down-range, beyond the target, there's often an innocent bystander."
Video via The Daily Sheeple:
There is always a risk of an innocent bystander being hit by a rogue bullet, but not one example of such an outcome is ever identified by news reporters citing such information. More often than not, it's the criminals who shoot indiscriminately that maim or kill a child or other innocent passer-by.
Explaining to the anti-gun activists that the benefits far outweigh the risks is like pulling teeth. But, as the 65 year old jewelry store owner, or the patron of an internet cafe, or the mom who acted to save her kids by shooting an armed intruder show, one person with a gun is all it takes to prevent scores of others from being hurt or killed.
We can continue down this road of stripping Americans of their liberty and right to defend themselves, and we can be assured that we'll continue to measure the subsequent fallout by counting it in the loss of innocent life. Or, we can put the power back into the hands of the people and send a message to those who would do harm to others. In Australia, criminals are more empowered than ever before when they see statistics like armed robberies being up 69% or murders being up 21%, because they know the people have no ability to defend themselves.
But what if the statistics reported by the media were more like those of Detroit, where self defense killings have jumped 2200% and justifiable homicide is up 79% year-over-year?
If local and national news agencies were reporting that crime was falling and more would-be criminals were ending up taking celestial dirt naps when engaged in violent criminal activity, the psychological effects of being aware of these statistics would be a very powerful deterrent indeed.
The American people are perfectly capable of defending themselves, they need only to have the boot removed from their throats and be allowed to breathe.


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Apollo Relic Reveals its Secrets
June 20, 2008: Imagine landing on the Moon, climbing down the ladder of your spacecraft, and looking around the harsh lunar landscape—to see another, older spacecraft standing only 200 yards away.
That's exactly what happened in November 1969, when astronauts Pete Conrad and Alan Bean stepped out of the Apollo 12 lunar module. There, within walking distance on the edge of a small crater, stood Surveyor 3, an unmanned U.S. spacecraft that had landed in April 1967.
Above: Apollo 12 astronaut Pete Conrad inspects Surveyor 3. Conrad's own spaceship, the Intrepid, can be seen 200 yards away in the background. [More] [Stereo View]
Apollo 12's landing site had been chosen deliberately near Surveyor 3. The little lander had spent two and a half years exposed to the worst the Moon had to offer: harsh vacuum, intense cosmic radiation, meteoritic bombardment, extreme temperature swings. Back on Earth, NASA engineers wanted to know how metals, glass and other spacecraft building materials held up to that kind of punishment. Inspecting Surveyor 3 first hand seemed a good way to find out.
The little scoop, the camera, and other artifacts returned to Earth were analyzed and then put in storage. At some point in the intervening four decades, the scoop, owned by Johnson Space Center, was transferred on permanent loan to a space museum in Kansas. And there matters quietly lay ... until recently when researchers at NASA's Glenn Research Center (GRC) realized that that little scoop could hold big secrets.
Namely, the secrets of digging on the Moon.
NASA is returning to the Moon with plans to establish an outpost--and this will inevitably require some digging. The rocky, dusty lunar soil or "regolith" contains many of the natural resources humans need to live. For instance, there is plentiful oxygen bound up in ordinary moon rocks and, in polar regions, deposits of frozen water may lie hidden in the soil of shadowed craters. All that's required is a little excavation.
Right: A micro-photo of lunar regolith. The sample is a mixture of volcanic glass beads, sharp-edged fragments of "impact glass", rock fragments and
"To design lunar digging equipment, we need to predict the forces required to move a scoop or other implement through lunar regolith," says Allen Wilkinson, team leader of the ISRU (In-Situ Resource Utilization) Regolith Characterization team at the Glenn Research Center.
Surveyor 3 and a sister ship Surveyor 7 actually dug into the Moon and measured how hard their drive motors had to work to scoop, press, and scrape the soil. To interpret those measurements more than 40 years later, however, Wilkinson's team needs to know the dimensions of the Surveyor scoops. Unfortunately, they learned, the blueprints had been lost! Only a scoop itself could provide the answer.
That sent Wilkinson to Hutchinson, Kansas, in April 2007 to borrow the Surveyor 3 scoop from the Kansas State Cosmosphere in order to make detailed measurements.
Above: Surveyor 3 scoop being examined by four of the members of the Regolith Characterization team; from left to right they are Xiangwu (David) Zeng, Enrique Rame, Allen Wilkinson, and Juan Agui. Copyright 2007 Trudy E. Bell.
Measuring the scoop, however, would prove to be no simple matter. You can't just lay a ruler along the scoop and read off the dimensions. Indeed, you can't touch it at all. The Surveyor 3 scoop is in an airtight triangular container, and NASA curators do not wish the scoop to be removed because handling in air will degrade the historical fidelity of the unique artifact.
So the Glenn team borrowed photogrammetry apparatus from the Kennedy Space Center. Photogrammetry is a technique of measuring objects strictly from photographs. They have a photographic studio setup with a white background. GRC team member Juan Agui, an expert in digging force experiments, photographed the scoop in its container next to a standard photogrammetry cube, which has a precise checkerboard pattern on it. Then, using software, Robert Mueller of the Kennedy Space Center extracted dimensions using mathematical triangulation, measuring from points on the scoop to points where corners of dark checks meet on the cube. The software was developed for the Columbia Accident Investigation Board activity.
"Photogrammetry is pretty good," Agui remarks. "We got measurements of the scoop accurate to 0.030 or 0.040 inch (~1 mm)."
They've since constructed a replica of the scoop and now they are using it to dig into simulated lunar regolith.
"Measurements of digging forces are underway," he says. The replicated scoop plunges into a rectangular "soil bed" filled with JSC-1a, a man-made moondust substitute that closely matches the known properties of lunar regolith, while a computer monitors bearing forces. "Our team is quite pleased to find that the measurements appear to be close to reproducing [the best] Surveyor 7 data from the Moon."
With this test bed in place, the team can, e.g., move forward to test alternate scoop designs and refine theories of lunar soil mechanics. "Obtaining the Surveyor replica really made the difference," says Agui.
The secrets of digging on the Moon are being revealed.
Author: Trudy E. Bell | Editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit: Science@NASA
|more information
More about the Surveyor program: from NASA and from Wikipedia.
The Surveyor 3 scoop is described in a 1971 paper "Examination of the Surveyor 3 Surface Sampler Scoop Returned by the Apollo 12 Mission," by R. F. Scott and K. A. Zuckerman. Caution: PDF is a large 35MB file.
The Apollo Lunar Surface Journal for Apollo 12 -- The transcript for the second EVA, when Conrad and Bean cut the scoop off Surveyor 3, begins at 134:28:20; the scoop was removed from Surveyor at the very end, almost as an afterthought as it was not on the original list of items to be returned.
Visit the Kansas State Cosmosphere and Space Center online at http://www.cosmo.org/.
A brief history of lunar soil mechanics measurements:
Several Apollo astronauts during their landings between 1969 and 1972 used a standard soil mechanics tool called a cone penetrometer to measure some of the regolith's mechanical properties in the top two feet (60 cm). So did the Soviet Luna and Lunakhod missions that landed elsewhere on the Moon. From the U.S. and Soviet data, soil mechanicians have indirectly calculated digging forces.
Only two U.S. lunar spacecraft directly measured actual digging and trenching forces—direct measurements are the most accurate and useful for the design of lunar excavators: Surveyor 3 (which landed on Oceanus Procellarum on April 20, 1967) and Surveyor 7 (which landed near the crater Tycho on January 7, 1968). Those two Surveyor spacecraft included an extendable arm ending in a scoop (officially called the Soil Mechanics Surface Sampler). Among other tests, each scoop pressed vertically down to measure the regolith's weight-bearing strength, and pulled the scoop toward the spacecraft while bearing down to dig trenches. Only the data from Surveyor 7, though, were considered reliable enough to provide the needed digging forces.
Over a year ago, the Glenn team calculated the expected digging force for the one published Surveyor 7 digging force measurement. But something was clearly wrong: their calculated predictions, based on the size of the scoop they had estimated from photographs, were 5 to 10 times smaller than what was actually measured on the Moon. That discovery motivated a year of effort to find all still-existing Surveyor digging data and artifacts, so the Glenn team could calibrate their experiments and benchmark the strength of their test soils.
This detective hunt led the Glenn team to find video images of the Surveyor 7 scoop while digging, the actual returned Surveyor 3 scoop, possible data files with motor currents during other Surveyor 7 digging runs, and the paper calibration curves actually used in the 1960's to convert motor currents in into digging forces. The Glenn team learned that the Surveyor digger drawings were lost. They found two engineering prototypes of the scoop: one on display at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum and one stored in the Garber Restoration facility. Glenn team member Juan Agui, an expert in digging force experiments, visited both sites to measure the scoops. To his consternation, he found the two engineering prototypes differed in crucial design details. But which one matched the actual flight units?
The answer was: neither. This the Glenn team learned from 74-year-old Floyd Roberson, a former JPL scientist who had co-developed the Surveyor scoops and supervised their operations with the late Ron Scott of the Californian Institute of Technology, Surveyor principal investigator for soil mechanics. From his personal archives, however, Roberson verified that the Surveyor 7 scoop was identical to the Surveyor 3 scoop that the Apollo 12 astronauts had returned to Earth. The key to the puzzle, therefore, was the Surveyor 3 scoop available for hands-off study in a museum in Kansas....
NASA's Future: US Space Exploration Policy


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Frequently asked questions
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There are many job vacancies available in Agra for all freshers, 10th pass, 12th pass candidates. You can get full-time, part-time, work from home, night-shift jobs in Agra according to your preference, skill sets and qualification.
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Client to Server Content Redirection
Client to Server Content Redirection no more working because of License Error
Recently I faced a really strange error with a weird solution. Because I didn't found this on the web I post this here, maybe it can help someone else too.
We had the issue that users cannot use anymore the Client to Server Content Redirection, means they can't double-click anymore on *.vsd files to open the file with the XenApp server installed MS Visio.
After some minutes of investigation and checking the Logs on Client, XenApp server and so on we've finally checked the EventLog on the Webinterface server and found the following error:
Event 31007
Site path: C:\inetpub\wwwroot\Citrix\PNAgent. The Citrix servers are not licensed to support workspace control. This message was reported from the XML Service at address http://myserver.ch:8080/scripts/wpnbr.dll [com.citrix.xml.NFuseProtocol.RequestReconnectSessionData]. [Unique Log ID: a5e760c4] For specific information about this message, see the Web Interface documentation at http://support.citrix.com/proddocs/topic/web-interface-impington/wi-log-messages-event-ids-hardwick.html.
Now we remembered that we consolidated some Citrix license server's and changed the license server for this farm some days ago. Of course we rebooted all XenApp servers, but not the Webinterface servers because they don't use a special license server. A reboot of the Citrix Webinterface server solved this issue.