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Editor's note: Here's the story of a sad chapter of American history, pulled from The Root's archives.
J.B. Stradford, the son of a freed Kentucky slave, rose to prominence in Oklahoma during the early 1900s as one of the key developers of the all-black Tulsa enclave Greenwood. A lawyer and businessman, Stradford owned the 65-room hotel that sat right in the heart of the thriving community that would later become known as "the Black Wall Street."
But in a single day, all of that would change. On May 31, 1921, the arrest of a young black man on a questionable charge of assaulting a young white woman touched off the deadliest race riot in U.S. history. Whites charged through the community in retaliation, leaving an estimated 300 people dead, another 10,000 black residents homeless and 35 city blocks in ruin.
Stradford and 69 other black men were subsequently charged with inciting the riot. Stradford, however, jumped bail after his arrest and fled Tulsa for Kentucky. According to his great-granddaughter Laurel Stradford, his son (her grandfather), who was also a lawyer, used legal maneuvering to help his father avoid having to stand trial, including filing a petition for a writ of habeas corpus to keep him from being unlawfully detained.
"When I was a little girl, our grandmother used to tell us that J.B. had said that there was no greater gift that a man can be given than to have a son who saves his father's life," says Laurel Stradford. "There would be a lot of remembrance of my great-grandpa and the role he played in Tulsa, and the role my grandpa had in getting him free from being lynched."
But although J.B. — who went on to run a successful law practice in Chicago — managed to avoid facing "justice" in Oklahoma (he never returned to the state), the charges hung over him until he died. The Stradford family fought to clear J.B., but it wasn't until 1996 — 75 years after the riot, and six decades after his death in 1935 in Chicago at the age of 75 — that he was cleared of all charges. (Ultimately, none of the men indicted were convicted of anything.)
That 75th-anniversary year was also when the nation learned about the Tulsa Race Riot, which would come to be considered the most destructive race riot in U.S. history. "For years, silence engulfed this incident," says Hannibal B. Johnson, author of Black Wall Street: From Riot to Renaissance in Tulsa's Historic Greenwood. "In 1921, Tulsa was booming, so anything that would detract from its allure, such as the riot, was minimized."
A Black Mecca
Indeed, Tulsa had been attracting thousands — blacks and whites — to the rich oil fields. By 1920, the overall population had swelled to more than 100,000 residents. Black Americans, migrating from Southern states as far as Georgia and Mississippi, were also attempting to escape the harsh realities of Southern racism.
But old Jim Crow laws followed them northwest. Tulsa was divided into two cities. Whites held court in the southern end of the city, closer to the larger main downtown area, while African Americans were segregated in the northern section of town.
The racial split, however, gave rise to black Tulsans' famed entrepreneurial mecca. Anchored by Greenwood Avenue, black-owned businesses stretched along the more than mile-long roadway. They included grocery stores, restaurants, medical and law offices, and two newspapers. Many black entrepreneurs in addition to Stradford — including real estate developer and Greenwood founder O.W. Gurley — thrived and reached regional and even national stature. Booker T. Washington, who had lectured in Tulsa, was the first to call Greenwood "the Negro's Wall Street." That moniker later became "the Black Wall Street."
Many white Tulsans, who referred to the district as "Little Africa," were not happy about the growth and prosperity of the community, according to Andrew Rosa, assistant professor of history at Oklahoma State University. "You had a pretty stable, upwardly mobile people in Greenwood, and the city's whites had their eye on Greenwood," says Rosa. "That was sort of the spirit of the friction."
White Rage Unleashed
The underlying racial and economic tension finally boiled over on May 30, 1921. Dick Rowland, a 19-year-old shoe shiner in downtown Tulsa, had gone to use the only bathroom for blacks, located at the top of an office building. He crossed paths with white elevator operator Sarah Page, 17, whom a store clerk claimed to have heard scream. The clerk said that he found a distraught Page and saw a young black man running from the building. There is no record of what Page told the police.
Rowland was arrested but never charged. The incident, however, made the front page of the Tulsa Tribune — along with an editorial entitled, "To Lynch Negro Tonight."
Right before dawn on June 1, a mob of nearly 10,000 white men launched an all-out assault on the Greenwood District, systematically burning down every home and business. They dropped firebombs and shot at blacks from planes that had been used in World War I. Those blacks who were captured were held in internment camps around the city by the local police and National Guard units.
Martial law was eventually declared. The National Guard confirmed that 37 blacks and whites were killed, although historians (pdf) have put that number at closer to 300. Many of the dead black Americans were buried in unmarked graves around town, and some were laid to rest in an anonymous section of Tulsa's Oak Lawn cemetery. Some photographers made their pictures of the dead into postcards.
The riot "just shows you how irrelevant, not only from the view of Oklahoma but that of the nation as a whole, black life was. It was seen as expendable," says Rosa.
After the riot, black Tulsans, who were living in tents and forced to wear green identification tags in order to work downtown, still managed to turn the tragedy into triumph. Without state help, they rebuilt Greenwood, and by 1942 the community had more than 240 black-owned businesses.
Justice Denied
In subsequent decades, however, the community declined as the pioneers of Greenwood died and many of their descendants moved away. The district struggled most critically during the 1960s as Tulsa became more integrated, which led to a decline in the Greenwood population and also undermined many of the local black family-run businesses. In the 1970s, a large segment of Greenwood was demolished to make way for an interstate highway that became a main connector for the downtown area.
An Oklahoma state commission conducted an investigation of the riot from 1997 to 2001, questioning survivors about that day back in 1921. The commission recommended specific reparations to the community, the living survivors and their descendants.
The state did subsequently enact a law in June 2001 that provided about 300 scholarships for descendants, developed a memorial and pushed for development in Greenwood — but the law fell far short of what the commission had recommended. The remaining survivors have continued to fight for further restitution, which is addressed in the 2008 documentary Before They Die!
For some descendants, the demise of such a prosperous business community highlights the struggles that black America continues to face today. "The difference is that our society now is desegregated much more, and the challenge now is for our businesses to do successful business with a majority of firms," says John Rogers Jr., the founder of Chicago-based Ariel Investments, LLC — and the great-grandson of J.B. Stradford. "There's still a remnant of historical discrimination."
Monée Fields-White is a Chicago-based writer who covers a wide array of topics, including business and economic news.


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Starting in WordPress 2.1 (if I remember correctly), the awesome folks at Automattic gave us the even awesomer function of wp_enqueue_script.
Before that, it was every plugin or theme author for himself. If you wanted to add in a script, it was hard-coded in.
As you might imagine, this presented a ton of problems. Scripts were loaded twice, out of order, or even when they weren't needed at all.
Furthermore, some themes and plugins had the JavaScript embedded within the plugin's or theme's PHP file just to capture a few PHP variables. Not good! In order to add scripts properly to JavaScript, you must always keep your PHP and JavaScript separate. And by separate, I mean separate files. There's just no excuse anymore (I'll get into this in Part 2 of this series).
The wp_enqueue_script function is the first step in loading your scripts properly. Not only can you add your script, but you can also specify the dependencies (e.g., jQuery), and the version number.
This prevents duplicate JavaScript files from loading, which is always a good thing.
So How Does wp_enqueue_script Work?
Aside from the excellent documentation from WordPress, you'll find my regurgitated version below (gross, I know).
The function wp_enqueue_script takes in five arguments, with the last four being optional.
<?php wp_enqueue_script('handle', 'src', 'deps', 'ver', 'in_footer'); ?>
The handle argument is a string that names your script, or references someone else's.
For example, you can add the jQuery script to any page by calling:
<?php wp_enqueue_script('jquery'); ?>
Likewise, if you have previously registered your script (using wp_register_script), you can call your script by calling:
<?php wp_enqueue_script('my_script'); ?>
The src argument is asking for the URL of the file. If you supply the src of the script, the wp_enqueue_script function automatically registers your script for others to use (no need to use wp_register_script).
An example of it in use is:
<?php wp_enqueue_script('my_script', WP_CONTENT_URL . 'plugins/my_plugin/my_script.js'); ?>
Themers would use:
<?php wp_enqueue_script('my_script', WP_CONTENT_URL . 'themes/my_theme/my_script.js'); ?>
Here's an example:
<?php wp_enqueue_script('my_script', WP_CONTENT_URL . 'plugins/my_plugin/my_script.js', array('jquery', 'another_script')); ?>
See that array up there (it's pretty, I know)? That's what's calling your dependencies.
jQuery is built into WordPress by default, so calling it via dependency is no problem as long as you queue it via wp_enqueue_script.
The another_script dependency assumes you have already used wp_enqueue_script to assign it a handle and a src.
The outcome in this scenario is that jQuery and another_script will load before my_script.
The ver argument is simply the version of the JavaScript file for caching purposes. If you are supplying your own script, it's a good idea to supply a version.
The version is string based and looks like this:
<?php wp_enqueue_script('my_script', WP_CONTENT_URL . 'plugins/my_plugin/my_script.js', array('jquery', 'another_script'), '1.0.0'); ?>
As you update your JavaScript file, update the ver argument. If you don't, you'll inevitably run into caching issues with WordPress.
The in_footer argument (since WP 2.8) determines if the script will load in the header or footer (header is the default).
To load your script in the footer, simply pass it a 1 (or true).
<?php wp_enqueue_script('my_script', WP_CONTENT_URL . 'plugins/my_plugin/my_script.js', array('jquery', 'another_script'), '1.0.0', true); ?>
Great care should be used when setting the scripts to load in the footer as some themes do not have this functionality built in (the theme must make use of the wp_footer function call).
Naming Your Handler
One last thing (err, warning?) to take note of is naming your handler for wp_enqueue_script. If you are using a third-party script (say, Colorbox), use common sense in naming the handler. There's no reason to name it "lightbox" or "mybox". The handler name should be obvious, right?
The same goes for the built-in scripts with WordPress.
For example, the handler 'jquery' is built-in. Do you want to supply your own version of jQuery?
How about ruin everybody's day and give it a handler of 'jquery.js'? The result will inevitably be two jQuery instances loading on the same page and causing mayhem with other scripts.
Instead, use the function wp_deregister_script to remove the WordPress reference and supply your own.
<?php wp_deregister_script(array('jquery')); wp_enqueue_script('jquery', 'your-jquery-path.js'); ?>
With this technique, however, you should have a pretty darn good reason for not including the default scripts. After all, you'll essentially be running a piece of software that may not be fully tested and/or compatible with WordPress.
Great, I have wp_enqueue_script down. Now what?
You have to call wp_enqueue_script from the appropriate hook in WordPress.
Fortunately, WordPress has two such action hooks you can tap into: admin_print_scripts and wp_print_scripts.
The admin_print_scripts hook allows you to add scripts in the admin panel, while the wp_print_scripts hook allows you to add scripts everywhere else.
Adding your wp_enqueue_script code is as simple as adding an action inside your plugin or theme code.
An example of the code being used inside of a class constructor is:
<?php add_action('admin_print_scripts', array(&$this, 'add_admin_scripts')); ?>
And for those not using a class (classes help avoid conflicts with other plugins):
<?php add_action('admin_print_scripts', 'add_admin_scripts'); ?>
For the above example, we have a callback method of add_admin_scripts. An example of it in use is:
<?php function add_admin_scripts() { wp_enqueue_script('jquery'); } ?>
Here are the steps you should follow in order to add scripts to a WordPress theme or plugin:
- Add the appropriate action to your WordPress theme or plugin (themers will want to use functions.php).
- Determine your script dependencies.
- Code your wp_enqueue_script calls appropriately.
This article is an excerpt from Ronald Huereca's e-book entitled WordPress and Ajax (used with permission).

subset: commoncrawl


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Google Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt shocked everyone last week by telling The Wall Street Journal that Google isn't killing Google Glass.
Schmidt's comments were viewed as a surprise and a revelation, even though he was repeating what Google had said previously about its smart glasses project.
People thought Google was sunsetting the Google Glass project because they believed the press.
I love my peers in the tech press -- individually. But as a herd, we can get it wrong.
In general, the great masses of tech journalists and bloggers are a band of trendy and easily influenced conformists who sometimes care more about staying in tune with the echo chamber than about objective reality.
The perfect example for this is how the tech press mob convinced everyone about three Google Glass lies: That Google Glass was an unacceptable invasion of privacy; that it was an overpriced elitist plaything; and that it was a failed and now dead project.
Lie No. 1: Google Glass is an unacceptable invasion of privacy
Google Glass has a camera on the front. Because of that, a tsunami of me-too opinion pieces slammed the project for threatening people's privacy. The argument went like this: We'd have no way of knowing if those "Glassholes" were streaming video 24/7 and recording everything we say and do.
(But if they were, you actually would know. You'd be able to see clearly in the prism exactly what the tiny display was showing. And when it's recording video, Glass lights up with the image of what's being recorded. Glass is the worst secret surveillance camera ever invented.)
The fear was: What if people record and stream everything and show that recording to who knows who?
For that reason, Google Glass was portrayed as unethical. The tech press asserted itself as the guardians of privacy and protectors of the public from the scourge of live-streaming video -- that is until Meerkat and Periscope came along.
Now, many of the journalists who slammed Glass as a live-streaming invasion of privacy are using their smartphones to stream live video of everyone in sight to anyone simultaneously watching live.
The Meerkat and Periscope phenomenon is being driven by the tech press, mostly, recording every second of SXSW and chronicling every drunken San Francisco tech event.
The advent of Meerkat and Periscope revealed that the tech press echo chamber about the threat of Google Glass's potential for live streaming was hypocritical.
Lie No. 2: Google Glass is an expensive toy for elites
Google Glass cost "Explorers" (beta testers) $1,500 plus tax. That price was immediately criticized as far too high, and it was held up as proof that Google Glass was a shameless plaything for the rich.
What they didn't tell you was that you weren't paying for hardware. You were paying for highly personal, concierge-like tech support. You were paying to be on the ground floor of an experimental, totally new category of consumer electronics. And you were paying for replacement units. (In my own case, my Google Glass unit broke twice, and I was given replacements with no questions asked and at no additional charge.)
More to the point, Apple subsequently came along with the Edition line of Apple Watches, which range in price from $10,000 for the cheapest model to $17,000 for the most expensive one. According to much of the fanboy media, this is a reasonable price for a gold watch -- it's actually lower than the prices of many other gold watches. Never mind that -- unlike regular high-end watches, you won't be giving the Apple Watch to your grandson as a family heirloom; it will be obsolete in two years. (To be fair, the pricing of the Apple Watch Edition collection is a point of controversy.)
Even the "regular" Apple Watch plus an iPhone is pricey. For example, my preferred setup would be an iPhone 6 Plus with 128GB of storage, which costs $949 unlocked. I'd also like the 42mm stainless steel case Apple Watch with black Sport band, which costs $599.
Together, that iPhone and that Apple Watch cost $48 more than Google Glass.
A strong consensus has formed in the tech press that $1,500 is way too much for a totally experimental, unique and well supported new category of consumer electronics device.
But in the light of what's considered reasonable for Apple products, the cost of Google Glass is actually not that high.
Lie No. 3: Google is killing Google Glass
Google announced in January that it was "graduating" Google Glass from its main R&D lab, called Google X, into its own product division, and that Glass sales would be discontinued until the shipping version of Glass was ready for prime time.
The tech media generally reported this to be something of a face-saving way for Google to kill off Google Glass. The news was reported as evidence that Google Glass was a failure. It was also widely reported in a passive-aggressive way, with reports saying "Google says the move doesn't mean Glass is dead."
Yet two weeks later, Google made the exact same move with a project with the exact same status. Project Tango, a system for rapid indoor mapping from a smartphone or tablet, was moved from the lab into its own product group.
But in that case, the tech press reported the move to mean that Tango was "getting real" and "becoming an official Google device."
Announcements of two identical transitions from lab to product group resulted in completely different conclusions by the tech press, because the media echo chamber had convinced itself that Google Glass was a failure.
My point isn't that negative commentary about something like Google Glass is invalid. It's that the tech press as a group often forms these kinds of groupthink opinions that are asserted as truth, when in fact they often reflect the biases and self-absorption and conformist mentality of the tech press as a group.
If we believe the press-orchestrated conventional wisdom, we'll end up with some false notions about Google Glass, which in fact is an awesome public "beta" of a prototype device that will be widely used in the future because it will become a really interesting consumer electronics device.
Beware of the conventional wisdom -- it's often nothing more than the inclinations, biases and preferences of a nonrepresentative and highly conformist group of people in the media.


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Restore money for Overture
Praise for city and county budget proposals
We applaud both Madison Mayor Soglin and Dane County Executive Parisi for the approaches they took to their proposed 2013 budgets in total. They were fiscally responsible and respectful of both basic services and taxpayers.
Individual priorities, be they lake quality or local food or music, are appropriate and deserving of support. Tough decisions like bus fare increases and the best approach to dealing with homelessness warrant public input and debate.
But like a lot of people, we find the mayor's one million dollar reduction in promised city support for the Overture Center a glaring example of budget overreach. That money is not just a priority, it was a commitment that a lot of good folks stepped up to support with private money on the assumption the city's word was good.
We expect the city council to do the right thing and reinstate that subsidy. Overture is worth it. And we need to be able to trust a promise.
That said, both Soglin and Parisi proposed sound budgets and we appreciate it.Restore money for Overture


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One billion dollars might seem like a high price to pay for a company with 13 employees and not much, if anything, in the way of revenues. But that's what Facebook will pay to acquire Instagram, maker of a popular photo-sharing app for mobile phones. And though at first glance the deal might seem nutty, it may turn out to be a brilliant strategic maneuver—and a bargain to boot.
Look at it this way. Facebook has built a booming business on the Web, with 850 million members and $4 billion in revenues last year. But the world has moved beyond the Web. Mobile is the next big market. And in mobile, Facebook has not been very successful.
But Instagram has. The tiny company has 30 million users who are addicted to its simple application, which lets you apply color filters to photographs so they look kind of blurry and old-fashioned. Last week, when Instagram finally made its app available on Google's Android platform, the software was downloaded 1 million times the first day. (For what it's worth, I find Instagram, or rather the artsy people who just lurve Instagram, to be kind of annoying, as I pointed out in a rant last week.)
You can use Instagram to share your photos with others on social networks like Twitter, Tumblr, and Facebook. In fact, a lot of people use Instagram to upload photos to Facebook, because Instagram is easier to use than Facebook's own mobile app. Instagram also is a place to discover photographs taken by others. You can follow people on Instagram and see their photos in a stream. Thus, Instagram has become a kind of social network; one that some people viewed as a threat (albeit a minor one) to Facebook.
By snapping up Instagram, Facebook stakes out a top spot in the mobile space, and locks down an app that has become a "front end" to Facebook for a lot of people. Also, Facebook has neutralized the only company that could have even remotely represented a threat to its core business. And while $1 billion seems like a lofty price, remember that Facebook is about to go public with a valuation of about $100 billion, which means they've spent only 1 percent of their valuation to patch up a hole in their armor.
In a way, Facebook just bought an insurance policy. There aren't many companies that can compete with Facebook in the social space, though a lot are trying. One way for a rival to go after Facebook would have been to acquire Instagram. But now Facebook has taken Instagram off the table.
Sure, some might quibble about the price, considering that Instagram launched only 18 months ago, and that only a few days before the acquisition, Instagram had closed a round of venture funding that valued the company at $500 million, half what Facebook paid. But in these frothy, frenetic days, what difference does a few hundred million dollars make?
Joking aside, what's really going on is that people are starting to realize just how huge the mobile Internet wave is going to be. As big as this price tag seems today, it might look cheap in five or 10 years.
Consider that there are about 7 billion people on the planet, and about 5.6 billion mobile phones. Today most of those phones are feature phones. (The smartphone installed base is approaching 1 billion.)
But at some point, maybe in a decade, virtually every phone will be a smartphone, if only because the parts required to make one will become so cheap and commoditized. Today's smartphones are already as powerful as a mainframe computer from 1990. In 10 years they will have doubled in power five times.
What are the implications of a world where virtually everyone on the planet carries a mainframe-class computer and has a constant connection to the Internet, and where people have easy access to all of the world's information, and to each other?
Spending $1 billion to lock down a chunk of prime real estate in that market probably makes sense. And in the coming decade, Facebook may turn out to be more dominant than Microsoft, Google, or Apple ever dreamed of being.


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Everything you need to know about insurance basics, like coverage types, limits, cost and more.
Commercial & Business Insurance
No matter what field you're in, business insurance can help you protect your dreams. Whether you're a sole proprietor or you have a team of employees, having the right insurance is an essential element of financial protection.
Not sure what type of business coverage you need? Here are some common types of business and commercial insurance coverage solutions to consider.
Business Insurance Coverages
Our business coverage options allow you to customize and fine-tune your coverage to the exact needs of your company.
If your building is damaged, our property coverage works hard to help you regroup and restore your business. We'll also help cover the loss of income and extra expenses you incur while repairs are being made.
If you have extra buildings and structures that help drive your business dream, we've got the protection you need.
Make sure the equipment, inventory, tools, and other property you depend on are protected too.
Protecting your business space is important — whether you own or rent. We offer the coverage you need for repairs if there's an accident when you're renting.
A business auto policy gives you that much-needed liability, collision and comprehensive coverage your business vehicle needs.
This business insurance policy coverage is designed for artisan contractors with 10 or fewer owners and employees, and covers commercial liability, property, and contractor's equipment and tools.
Accidents happen — even at work. Make sure you're protected from bodily injury, property damage or personal injury expenses that arise from your business operations.
This policy adds another layer of protection to your primary business liability coverages by giving you extra security against legal and financial incidents that could jeopardize your business dream.
Insurance to Protect Your Business' Employee Coverages
You've worked hard to accomplish your goals. We can help protect everything you've built up over the years with our suite of business policies on risk management, loss control and safety programs.
Ensure that you're meeting the insurance needs required by state workers' compensation laws and regulations with this coverage.
Regardless of liability, this business insurance policy provides coverage for immediate medical care for injuries that take place where you're doing business.
Additional Insurance Coverages for Your Business
Optional coverages are available to help further protect your business from industry-specific concerns. Take a look at our additional coverage options and build out your policy with protection that goes above and beyond.
Although you've taken steps to improve the security of your online presence, your business may be exposed to online liabilities and other risks. Reach out to your agent to learn about this important coverage.
If you deal with perishable products — you need a backup plan. This coverage protects you from lost stock due to refrigeration or humidity control failures.
If your sewer backs up or sump pump overflows, this coverage provides extra protection for your floors, walls and ceilings.
You run an honest business, but not every employee has the same values. Help protect yourself and your business from any losses that dishonest employees can cause.
Water damage resulting from floods could sidetrack your entrepreneurial dream. Safeguard your business with a flood insurance policy offered through the National Flood Insurance Program.
Do what you can to protect your business from costly lawsuits by employees. This coverage will help protect you from occurrences such as discrimination and wrongful termination.
Business Insurance Policies FAQs
If you've got business insurance questions, we've got the answers! Take a look at our commercial insurance FAQs and learn all about how our policies protect your business best.
At American Family, our business insurance policies can combine property, loss of income, general liability, and crime coverages into a simple package. And we'll customize it to your unique business needs. Your agent can help walk you through our programs and help you decide which policies make the best sense for you.
Is business insurance required? Many types of business insurance are optional; however, there are a few that can be required by law or your clients such as workers compensation, business automobile, and general liability. Property and casualty insurance is highly recommended to help keep the investment you have in your business safe. Insurance is important for a business because the reality is that without business insurance, your company's assets, and all of your hard work, can be lost if something unexpected should happen.
It's important to have enough protection to cover the costs of rebuilding your business and replacing your business personal property and inventory if the unexpected happens. The value of the supplies and tools you use to run your business every day can add up quickly! Your agent can help give you a better idea of how much protection is just the right amount.
Your business should have a general liability policy, because accidents happen and you need coverage to insulate your finances. What insurance do small businesses need?
- Building insurance if you own your building
- Business personal property to protect your equipment, tools, and inventory
- Workers compensation to protect your employees
- Business automobile insurance if your business has owned vehicles
The cost of insurance for your business varies because it's based on the unique features of your business and industry. It's easy and convenient to protect your business with American Family, so get your online quote today!
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If the unexpected happens, we'll be by your side every step of the way. Our industry-leading claims service is focused on helping you regroup and restore, with as little interruption as possible. Need to file a claim today?
Have more questions about business insurance? Talk to your American Family agent to make sure you are getting the right protection at a great value. You'll get the affordable, fine-tuned coverage you need so you can get back to the business of pursuing your dreams. Learn more about business insurance claims
Get a Business Insurance Quote Online


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Former envoy defies Trump, testifies he pushed to oust her
WASHINGTON (AP) — Testifying in defiance of President Donald Trump's ban, former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch told House impeachment investigators Friday that Trump himself had pressured the State Department to oust her from her post and get her out of the country.
Yovanovitch told lawmakers investigating Trump's dealings with Ukraine that there was a "concerted campaign" against her based on "unfounded and false claims by people with clearly questionable motives."
The diplomat was recalled from Kyiv as Rudy Giuliani — who is Trump's personal attorney and has no official role in the U.S. government — pressed Ukrainian officials to investigate baseless corruption allegations against Democrat Joe Biden and his son Hunter, who was involved with a gas company there.
Yovanovitch testified behind closed doors Friday for more than nine hours as part of the House Democrats' impeachment investigation. Her prepared remarks were obtained by The Associated Press. She left without answering questions.
New York Rep. Sean Patrick Maloney, a Democrat, said Yovanovitch occasionally had to leave the room because she was overcome with emotion as she was "recounting how she was thrown to the wolves" in Ukraine.
"It is clear to me that she was fired because she was a thorn in the side of those who sought to use the Ukrainian government for their own political and financial gain - and that includes President Trump," Maloney said.
Lawmakers leaving the meeting would not provide specifics from the confidential deposition. But they indicated that Yovanovitch was providing information that would help with the impeachment inquiry.
"It was compelling, it was impactful, it was powerful and I just feel grateful for the opportunity to have received that information," said Democratic Rep. Denny Heck, who flew in from Washington state for the interview. He said the eight hours he was there "went like a New York second."
Yovanovitch "set a very powerful, courageous example," said Democratic Rep. Tom Malinowski of New Jersey.
Republicans leaving the meeting focused their criticism on Democrats, arguing that the president's lawyers should be able to attend the hearings and cross examine witnesses. "This process is a joke, and the consequences are huge," said New York Rep. Lee Zeldin.
Republican Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio defended Yovanovitch's removal from Ukraine, saying the president is entitled to have the ambassador he wants.
The former ambassador said she was fired from her post after insisting that Giuliani's requests to Ukrainian officials for investigations be relayed through official channels, according to a former diplomat who has spoken with her. That former diplomat spoke on condition of anonymity to disclose the private conversation.
Trump, in a July 25 phone call, told Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy that Yovanovitch was "bad news," according to a partial transcript released by the White House. Neither Giuliani nor Trump has publicly specified their objections to her.
She said in her statement Friday that she was abruptly told this spring to depart Ukraine "on the next plane." She left her post in May and was later told the president had lost confidence in her and had been pressuring State Department officials for many months to remove her, she said.
Democrats leading the investigation said they subpoenaed Yovanovitch on Friday morning after learning late Thursday night that the State Department had directed her not to appear. Trump has forbidden all government employees to cooperate, and Yovanovitch remains employed by the State Department. She is doing a fellowship at Georgetown University.
Her testimony in the face of Trump's opposition won't be the last as the congressional panels hold a flurry of depositions to investigate the president's efforts to jump-start foreign investigations that could help his 2020 reelection campaign. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has said she wants the committees to move "expeditiously" as they decide whether to move forward with a formal impeachment vote.
Polls show the nation now generally split as to whether Trump should be impeached and removed from office.
On Monday, Fiona Hill, a former White House adviser who focused on Russia, is expected to appear, and three current State Department officials are tentatively scheduled next week. They include Gordon Sondland, who was blocked from appearing this week but whose attorney said he would testify next Thursday.
As for Yovanovitch's dealing with pressure from Washington, the former diplomat who spoke with her said the ambassador refused to do "all this offline, personal, informal stuff" and made clear that the U.S. government had formal ways to request foreign governments' help with investigations.
The State Department traditionally relies on mutual legal assistance treaties, under which U.S. and foreign officials agree to exchange evidence and information in criminal investigations.
In her statement to lawmakers, Yovanovitch said that "false narratives" had resulted from "an unfortunate alliance between Ukrainians who continue to operate within a corrupt system, and Americans who either did not understand that corrupt system, or who may have chosen, for their own purposes, to ignore it."
She said she had only "minimal contacts" with Giuliani — three that she could recall — and none related to "the events at issue." She speculated that "individuals who have been named in the press as contacts of Mr. Giuliani" may have believed their personal financial ambitions were stymied by U.S. anti-corruption policy.
Two Florida businessmen tied to Giuliani were arrested on Thursday and are facing federal charges of campaign finance violations. An indictment filed in the case alleges that the men, who were raising campaign funds for a U.S. congressman, asked him for help in removing Yovanovitch, at least partly at the request of Ukrainian government officials.
The New York Times reported Friday that Giuliani is being investigated by federal prosecutors in New York for possible lobbying violations. One of the Times' anonymous sources said the investigation is related to Giuliani's efforts to undermine Yovanovitch.
Yovanovitch also said in her statement that she had never met Hunter Biden and that Joe Biden, the former vice president, had never spoken to her about his son or the gas company with which he was involved.
State Department officials have said previously that Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had tried to protect her but was forced to concede when he realized the White House was intent on removing her. Four current and former officials said Pompeo arranged for her to have a "soft landing" after her recall from Kyiv. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity to describe the confidential arrangement.
She met with the House Intelligence, Foreign Affairs and Oversight and Reform committees Friday despite Trump's declaration earlier this week that he would block all officials from testifying in the impeachment probe. Trump lambastes the investigation daily and now contends it is illegitimate because the full House has not voted on it.
Despite the officials' expected testimony next week, former Ambassador Sondland's attorney said he would not be able to produce documents "concerning his official responsibilities," as they are controlled by the State Department.
Democrats want to ask Sondland about text messages released last week that show him and two other U.S. diplomats acting as intermediaries as Trump urged Ukraine to investigate Ukraine's involvement in the 2016 U.S. election and Hunter Biden's involvement with a gas company there.
Associated Press writers Adam Geller and Jocelyn Noveck in New York and Lisa Mascaro and Padmananda Rama in Washington contributed to this report.


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Ask any Bengali what adda means, the answer will be unanimously a lazy evening, a large bowl of puffed rice and plate full of beguni. If you have never tested or tasted this pleasure, then you should do this evening. I am sure that the begunis bring out loads of more lost stories from your heart than you really intend to spill :).
When I had posted a little note on the Cook Like a Bong Facebook fanpage requesting for entries as guest posts in our blog, Arundhuti from My Saffron Kitchen was the first to reply. I was more than happy to accept this offer from such a dear friend. Arundhuti is an excellent person and you can dig into her blog to have great ideas for your next meal.
A darling ally and a plate full of begunis, what more can I wish. Here's the quick and easy recipe of beguni straight from Arundhuti's kitchen.
- Eggplants (baingan) – 1 large, cut into thin slices
- Gram flour – 1 cup
- Refined flour – 1/4 cup
- Onion seeds – 1 tsp.
- Red chilli powder – 1/2 tsp.
- Baking soda – 1/2 tsp.
- Salt as per taste
- Enough water to make a thick batter
- Oil for frying
- Mix together the gramflour, refined flour, onions seeds, red chilli powder, baking soda, salt and water.
- Heat oil in a thick bottomed pan. Lower the heat.
- Dip the eggplant pieces in the batter and then fry in hot oil till they are cooked and golden brown in colour.
- Drian excess oil and serve hot.
Read more at Arundhuti's blog.
Further readings – Lotiya Vada, Macher dimer Vada (Roe fritters)If you like this post, please consider linking to it or sharing it with others. I'll love to hear your comments too. You can also Subscribe to BengaliCuisine by Email, or Subscribe in a reader


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BERLIN — Worcester County, the town of Berlin and the city of Salisbury are among seven jurisdictions in Maryland listed as plaintiffs in a $20 million-plus civil suit against the nation's major oil companies over a potentially harmful and perhaps deadly gasoline additive that has leached into the jurisdictions' drinking water supply.
The suit was filed in the Circuit Court in Baltimore City in January and was transferred this week to the U.S. District Court. Seven jurisdictions in Maryland are named as plaintiffs in the suit, including the Worcester County Commissioners, the town of Berlin and the city of Salisbury on the Lower Shore. Other plaintiffs include Chestertown, Aberdeen, Sharptown and Taneytown. The suit names 43 total defendants including all of the nation's major gasoline manufacturers and distributors and their subsidiaries.
The plaintiffs allege the oil companies for decades have added methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) to gasoline during the refining process. According to the complaint, even in small quantities, MTBE gives water a foul taste and odor that renders the water unusable and unfit for human consumption. Research shows that some people can detect the distressing turpentine-like taste or odor at concentrations in water as low as one part per billion or lower.
MTBE is also a known animal carcinogen that is linked to many potential human health problems. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers MTBE to be a possible human carcinogen.
According to the complaint, the presence of MTBE has been detected in at least one public drinking well in each of the jurisdictions named as plaintiffs in the suit. Worcester County Attorney Sonny Bloxom said this week MTBE was detected in at least two wells in the county at large although he wasn't certain of the locations. Berlin Mayor Gee Williams said the town joined the suit as a plaintiff, but he was uncertain when and where MTBE was detected in the town's water supply because the samples were taken so long ago.
There is certainly a precedent for jurisdictions winning big settlements from the major oil companies over the presence of MTBE in their water supplies. In 2008, 153 jurisdictions in 17 states were awarded a $422 million settlement after a lengthy litigation process.
The seven jurisdictions in Maryland in the current suit, including Worcester, Berlin and Salisbury, are just the latest to piggyback on the growing list of jurisdictions lining up against the oil companies.
"This case involves Maryland's most precious natural resource — water," the complaint reads. "Throughout this great state, public water wells are contaminated by methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE is a gasoline additive needlessly and recklessly added to gasoline in Maryland. MTBE is a possible human carcinogen, a known animal carcinogen, and even very small amounts impart a foul taste and odor to water."
According to the complaint, widespread use of MTBE in gasoline ended in 2006 when its potential harmful effects became apparent, but its durability and low solubility makes it a persistent danger.
"Despite knowing that MTBE has unique characteristics in water which allows it to contaminate water sources never seen before its addition to gasoline, these defendants chose to make it the second largest chemical manufactured in the United States," the complaint reads. "In doing so, these defendants have unleashed an unprecedented assault on the water supplied to the citizens of Maryland. At least one of each of the plaintiff's wells have been contaminated with MTBE."
MTBE is produced from methanol and isobutylene, a by-product of the gasoline refining process and is not found in gasoline unless someone adds it. Sometime after 1979, the defendants started manufacturing and distributing gasoline with MTBE in order to boost the octane level in higher grades of gasoline. According to the complaint, MTBE was not the only viable option to achieve higher octane in gasoline. Instead, its use reflected a choice and preference of the defendants to make money off gasoline refining waste byproducts.
Since the early 1990s, the defendants have added MTBE to gasoline in much higher concentrations, roughly five times the levels used when it was first added to gasoline. The defendants allege the addition of MTBE to gasoline helps the fuel burn more efficiently to reduce air pollution, but the complaint asserts the oil companies simply inserted MTBE into their products to increase their own profits.
"It is now apparent that MTBE did not even deliver the promise of cleaner air," the complaint reads. "Contrary to industry assurances, MTBE did little or nothing to reduce such air-polluting car emissions as carbon monoxide or smog precursors. … Whenever gasoline with MTBE leaks, spills or is otherwise released into the environment, the MTBE races through underground water reservoirs, spreading faster and farther than other chemical components contained in gasoline, reaching the water table and soon contaminating wells that draw from the affected underground aquifers," the complaint reads.


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Quien pasa mas tiempo hablandoles a sus bebes en los primeros meses de vida, las mamas o los papas?
Updated on June 24, 2015
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William L. Patterson (born 1891) belonged to the Communist Party USA from 1926 to 1929 and transferred membership to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1936. When he was appointed to the Central Committee of the American Communist Party, he resumed his membership in it. He was a delegate to the Sixth Congress of the Communist International in 1928 and to the Tenth Plenum of the Executive of the Comintern in 1930. He also served as an official of the Red International of Labor Unions and as a representative of the Communist International in France.[1]
Patterson ran the Chicago Communist Party training school, the Abraham Lincoln School. Its earlier name was the Worker's School of Chicago. The Communist Party USA had a series of schools to both train Communist Party cadre and attract non-communist young people. Patterson's taught courses among in the first category while his friend and associate Frank Marshall Davis's worked among the second group.
Patterson served as the national secretary the Communist front International Labor Defense (ILD) and headed the Civil Rights Congress.[2] Patterson also was on the editorial board of the Communist publication, the Chicago Star.
See also
- ↑ Comintern Archives Fond 495, Opis 74, Delo 467, pp. 29-30, quoted in Who Was Frank Marshall Davis?, Herbert Romerstein, USASurvival.org, pp.8, 20-21.
- ↑ Gerald Horne, Communist Front? The Civil Rights Congress, 1946-1956 (Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1987); Horne, Civil Rights Congress, in Mary Jo Buhle, Paul Buhle, and Dan Georgakas, eds., Encyclopedia of the American Left (New York: Garland Publishing, 1990), 134-135, BlackPast.org


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Argument preview: "Recognizing†rehabilitation in sentencing
on Apr 15, 2011 at 4:16 pm
When the Court takes up Tapia v. United States on Monday, it will engage in a straightforward exercise of statutory analysis. At issue will be the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, which overhauled federal criminal sentencing. Specifically, the Court will consider whether the Act permits a trial court to consider "rehabilitation†when determining the length of a defendant's prison sentence.
 The case arises from the December 2008 conviction of Alejandra Tapia for smuggling two illegal aliens across the Mexican border and into the United States.  Tapia had argued for a 36-month sentence – the mandatory minimum – while pointing to the physical and sexual abuse she had suffered as a reason to reduce her punishment.Â
 The district court acknowledged the abuse but still imposed a 51-month sentence, which was at the upper end of the sentencing guidelines for a person convicted of Tapia's crimes and with her history. The court explained that it opted for the longer sentence because it wanted to ensure that Tapia would spend enough time in prison to be able to enroll in the Residential Drug Abuse Program (RDAP), which is a 500-hour drug treatment program for federal inmates. The court acknowledged that it could only recommend – and not require – that Tapia enter RDAP; that decision would ultimately rest with the Bureau of Prisons. Tapia did not object to the sentence at that time.Â
 Tapia subsequently appealed to the Ninth Circuit. She argued that the imposition of a longer sentence to allow her to enroll in RDAP violated the Sentencing Reform Act by basing the length of her sentence on a rehabilitative goal.  The Ninth Circuit rejected this argument and denied her appeal. It deemed itself bound by its 1994 decision in United States v. Duran, in which it had interpreted the Sentencing Reform Act as allowing district courts to consider rehabilitative goals when determining the length of a defendant's sentence.
 Tapia filed a petition for certiorari in which she argued (among other things) that the Ninth Circuit's interpretation of the Sentencing Reform Act conflicted with that of other courts of appeals. In its brief in opposition, the federal government agreed with Tapia's interpretation of the Sentencing Reform Act, but it nonetheless argued that certiorari was not warranted in her case for two reasons: (1) Tapia had failed to object to the sentence in the district court and would not be able to prevail on a "plain error†standard of review; and (2) the conflict among the circuits could eventually go away on its own because the government was "in the process of informing the Ninth Circuit and other courts of appeals of the government's interpretation†of the Sentencing Reform Act.Â
 The Court granted certiorari on December 10, 2010, and, in light of the government's position that Tapia's interpretation of the Act was the correct one, appointed University of Pennsylvania law professor Stephanos Bibas to brief and argue the case as an amicus in support of the judgment below. The government, for its part, filed a merits brief in which it asks the Court to vacate the Ninth Circuit's decision and remand the case for it to consider whether Tapia can demonstrate that the district court's decision is a "plain error†warranting reversal.
 All three briefs marshal historical evidence to support their interpretations of the statute. Tapia and the government focus primarily on the history of the Sentencing Reform Act, arguing that Congress expressly rejected the idea of using imprisonment for rehabilitative purposes. By contrast, Bibas focuses more broadly on the history of American correctional policy. But before it even considers that evidence, the Court will start with the plain language of the statute, and in particular Section 3582(a) of the Act, which reads:
 "The court, in determining whether to impose a term of imprisonment, and, if a term of imprisonment is to be imposed, in determining the length of the term, shall consider the factors set forth in section 3553(a) to the extent that they are applicable, recognizing that imprisonment is not an appropriate means of promoting correction and rehabilitation.â€
 Both Tapia and the government argue that the plain, unambiguous meaning of this section is that trial court judges are prohibited from considering "rehabilitation†when determining a defendant's sentence length.Â
 Bibas's brief, like the Ninth Circuit's interpretation, finds more nuance in the statute. Most critically, he argues that the use of the word "recognizing†does not impose a unilateral ban on considering rehabilitation, but instead serves merely as a "reminder and warning to judges†that rehabilitation should not be the sole focus of their sentencing decisions.Â
 In addition, the parties disagree over what exactly is restricted by Section 3582(a). Bibas tries to distinguish between the act of "imprisonment†itself, as compared with "targeted treatment programs in prison,†and he contends that Section 3582(a)'s "recognizing†clause applies only to the former. Moreover, the RDAP program at issue in Tapia's case can be considered a form of "targeted treatment program.â€Â Tapia counters that this is a meaningless distinction and that the term "targeted treatment program†is not found anywhere in the Sentencing Reform Act itself.
 The final significant point of disagreement arises over the reference in Section 3582(a) to Section 3553(a) of the same statute, which provides four principles that are intended to guide sentencing decisions generally, including sentences of probation, fines, or imprisonment. Bibas points out that one of Section 3553(a)'s four principles is "to provide the defendant with needed education or vocational training, medical care, or other correctional treatment in the most effective manner.â€Â From Bibas's perspective, the RDAP program is precisely the type of "correctional treatment†anticipated by Section 3553(a).Â
Tapia and the government respond to this argument by noting that Section 3553(a) applies not only to imprisonment decisions but also to the imposition of probation and fines. Thus, although "correctional treatment†may be appropriate when considering the latter two forms of punishment, when district courts are making imprisonment decisions, the more specific language of Section 3582(a) precludes them from using rehabilitation as a sentencing factor.Â


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The Veri Soda Company has a new line of USDA organic, non-GMO sodas. Sweetened with organic cane sugar and stevia, Veri soft drinks are made with fruit juices and sparkling water, and contain 60 calories per can. Veri sodas come in Cola, Orange, Lemon Lime and Ginger Ale. SRP for a four-pack: $4.99.
Published in WholeFoods Magazine, April 2014


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Vibrations in the steering wheel or free rolling steering wheels are clear indicators to the driver that the vehicle's wheel alignment must be checked. However, small wheel misalignments often remain unnoticed. This results in unnecessary costs due to wear and tear of the tyres, damage to the casing and increased fuel consumption. This can be avoided with VAI™ from Continental.
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As easy as it is efficient: as the tyre wears, the VAI indicators on the inside and outside shoulders of the tyres change. Simply comparing the two indicators will show whether the wheels are correctly aligned or not. In the case of uneven wear the wheel alignment should be checked and adjusted if required. Misaligned wheels not only impact on the service life of the tyres, but also increase fuel consumption. If the two indicators match, this shows the tyres are wearing evenly and the wheels are correctly aligned.
When wheels are correctly aligned tyres wear evenly on both sides.
Front tyres which point inwards wear more on the outside than the inside.
The inner shoulders wear more than the outer shoulders when front axle tyres point outwards.
If the axles are not running parallel to one another the vehicle pulls to the side. As a result of counter-steering the tyres wear more on one side.
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We're planning to stick a fork in heart of the Arizona Cardinals later today, but the proud band of players on that team aren't sitting around clicking refresh on NFL.com -- and they haven't given up on the season.
Linebacker Daryl Washington and defensive end Calais Campbell both told The Arizona Republic the 4-6 Cardinals -- losers of six straight -- are about to spin magic by winning out to finish 10-6.
"The season is never over until it's over," Washington said. "As easily as we've lost six straight, we can easily win six games in a row. Is it tough to do in the NFL? Yes, it will be. But I think these guys are still positive around here and I'm positive in believing we can finish the season off strong."
Minor positives -- the return of running back Beanie Wells and, eventually, quarterback Kevin Kolb -- are something to point to, but the Cardinals have struggled to play complete football. The mega-skid is legitimate, but Campbell chooses to dream:
"We know we can beat anybody that we play, so if we get that one win that sparks us, we're going to try and go on a run here and make a push for the playoffs. I think 10 wins usually gets you in the playoffs. It's going to be hard to win six games in a row, but it's very possible."
There is a dash of historical precedent. Last year's Cardinals turned 1-6 into 8-8 with a feverish stretch run that built optimism heading into this season. Much of that had to do with a softer NFC West, a division that's been transformed into a bully. Arizona's problems begin at home in 2012. The Cardinals have exhibited core weaknesses on both sides of the ball. Until they learn to take care of business, a turnaround seems unlikely.


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Rule #1 - Be Patient - Rule #2 - Don't ask when, if you don't contribute - Rule #3 - You have coding skills - LinuxMCE's small brother is available: http://www.agocontrol.com
stupid question maybe, what is an HA designer for ? what is HA ?
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True or false: There's no way of predicting if or when someone will have a stroke.
At Family Practice Center, we want our patients to be as well informed as possible about the conditions we treat. That's why we provide an online Patient Education Library.
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DOE Research Shows TAMIU Having Among Lowest Net Price
Research findings by the U.S. Department of Education indicate that among public, four-year or above universities, Texas A&M International University has one of the nation's lowest net prices.
While the national average net price is $10,471, TAMIU's net price is $1,255.
Average net price is the price of attendance charged to students after considering all grant and scholarship aid.
The research by the College Affordability and Transparency Center is based on data collected during the 2010-11 IPEDS (Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System) data collection cycle, the most recent data that has undergone the full National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) data review process and that has been publicly released via the IPEDS Data Center.
TAMIU president Dr. Ray Keck said this reinforcement of the University's affordability should be of great interest to students and their families as they prepare for their higher education journeys.
"In this extended time of economic stress, it is gratifying to know that our efforts to keep costs down, to secure viable student financial aid and to deliver programmatic excellence have been verified by the DOE. We are committed to helping our students complete their journey to their bachelors, masters or graduate degree," Dr. Keck said.
He said TAMIU's ability to keep its net price lower than fellow A&M System campuses like TAMU-Kingsville and TAMU-Corpus Christi is a reflection of strong community partnership.
"We are able to do this thanks to the resources provided by our many generous donors and partners who share our vision of a campus powering its students to imagine all their possibilities. TAMIU students are very blessed by the high level of community scholarship support for their pursuit of higher education," Keck said.
The information is publically available July 1 as outlined in the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (HEOA).
In the past year, TAMIU has been singled out by CNN as being in the Top Ten of Most Affordable US Colleges and listed by the New York Times as having the lowest net price.
Summer Session Two at TAMIU begins July 9, while the Fall Semester gets underway Aug. 23.
For registration information, contact the Office of the Registrar at 956.326.250, email email@example.com, click on tamiu.edu/affairs/registrar or visit offices located in the Senator Judith Zaffirini Student Success Center, suite 121.
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Journalists who need additional information or help with media requests and interviews should contact the Office of Public Relations, Marketing and Information Services at firstname.lastname@example.com


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The inspiration for this entire series was a set of people who, independently, expressed to me that there were thinking about either (a) investing in the stock market or (b) buying a home. All cited recent reports of upward trends in the price of stocks and houses as justification for their moves.
I've also experienced a lot of enthusiasm for municipal investments to induce growth, borrow more money to get things going and essentially get back to the economy of 2005, which is going to happen really soon for those that get in the game. I also wanted to shatter this delusion.
And finally, I'm just so frustrated with the narrative from the Krugman Keynesians. As they hold out the king-sized candy bar and tell everyone that, if we just ate another, the sugar rush would get us up off the floor and we'd then have the strength in our economy to prosper. It's true, we can get up off the floor with another candy bar, but a lot of good, prudent and innocent people are going to get slammed hard when the sugar rush goes away. Statements to the contrary are comforting and convenient, but ultimately are reckless and harmful.
Neil21 is a long time reader and someone I've become a friend with here. I'm looking forward to heading out to BC later this year and meeting him in person. We do, disagree, however, on this topic. Here's a statement he made yesterday to summarize his contention:
Abundant capital is a great thing.
On it's face, that is clearly true. For an economy, abundant capital will provide for investment and growth. Continuing with the human body analogy (another complex system), it is a little like saying "energy" is a great thing. When we have a lot of energy, we can accomplish a lot of things.
(I'll also note here that too much capital causes inflation while too much energy causes hyperactivity and insomnia — abundant capital/energy has limits, for certain, but what we're talking about here is a lack of sluggishness.)
We all understand that a body can get energy in productive ways and unproductive ways. Good sleep habits, a healthy diet and plenty of exercise is the healthy way for a body to have energy. This requires discipline and balance and, even when it is not pleasant, it requires one to listen to their body. That sore muscle is telling you something; maybe you need to stretch it more, or make sure it isn't neglected in your routine. That headache is a good thing if it is warning you that you are dehydrated.
So the human body, a complex machine, experiences volatility and gives off warning signs when things are not optimal. Sometimes we can respond to those signs in a way that is clearly productive — we can drink more water or alter our exercise to be more balanced — but sometimes we have to resort to other means. We can't solve a torn ACL with diet and exercise; for that we need some surgery followed by some antibiotics and pain killers.
He's the fine line; we all understand that we ultimately need to shed the pain killers. Even Ben Bernanke and Paul Krugman will say, we ultimately need to shed the pain killers — the low interest rates and quantitative easing — and let this patient (a sick economy) learn to walk again. The trillion dollar question is: when?
This gets me back to the statement I made on Tuesday.
So, in normal times, we must save to invest.
Savings is the diet and exercise of a healthy economy. We save money — delay the immediate reward of consumption — for the promise of a greater future reward. These savings, in turn, can be productively invested by others today, resulting in growth. The natural regulator between savings and investment is the interest rate.
What economic stimulus does — whether it is manipulation of the interest rate, printing of money or deficit spending — is to give us investment without the need for savings. So we get energy without the need for a healthy diet and exercise.
We can see how, in an emergency situation or on a really bad day, it might be convenient to drink a Red Bull or eat a candy bar to give ourselves an energy boost. A steady diet of Red Bull and candy bars, however, can only lead to disaster.
I'm going to finish Day 4 with three graphs that show how the steady, sixty year diet of Red Bull and candy bars every time our economy has felt a little sluggish has deformed our economy. I particularly want to give some context to the recent stock market highs and housing data.
Here's our overall economic growth as compared to debt. As we proceeded through the second life cycle of the Suburban Experiment, the lack of real productivity in the economy was replaced with Red Bull (debt). This kept the economy going, allowed us to continue to grow our GDP, but allowed us to also become increasingly unproductive. By 2005, the height of the housing boom, our ability to sustain growth was almost entirely based on Red Bull (debt) and even then, we needed to grow debt at a faster rate than the economy just to manage meager growth.
The gains we are seeing now in the stock market — paper gains — are not based on real productive growth. They are largely the result of cheap credit, something only sustainable so long as the Red Bull continues to flow at accelerating amounts. The crowding out of real savings by the Federal Reserve also means that people are being enticed into stock markets as a way to have any earnings at all. Although people have been shown to be unwilling to gamble where they can lose, when the momentum shifts and perceptions change, people are more than willing to gamble when they believe they will win.
In terms of housing, this was the chart that brought together everything that I'm seeing. We've been treated to the media reports that median homes prices are rising. This graph shows how this relates to median incomes.
In short, home prices might be rising, but it is not a product of us having an economy where people are making more, earning more and having more money to invest in housing. It is an artificial creation of cheap credit. If we were transitioning to a real economy — something stable — that graph should be trending down, not up.
And finally, we must save to invest. As we got into the second life cycle of the Suburban Experiment and the growth from horizontal expansion slowed, we replaced savings with Red Bull, putting off a difficult conversation about the wisdom of our approach and, in the process, creating an even larger deformation that we will ultimately have to deal with.
This is an incredibly fragile economy. That fragility is not the construct of recent bailouts, natural economic cycles, greedy politicians, a prolific consumer, lazy freeloaders, the 99%, the 1% or any of the other groups we like to pin the blame on. It is the result of sixty years of deformation, of responding to the aches and pains with Red Bull and pain killers.
Yes, that approach – what has evolved into a supply side, Keynesian amalgamation — allowed us to grow faster, much faster, than we otherwise would have. It allowed us to live large, have an enormous standard of living, and accomplish many, many things that we would not have been able to do were we not taking economic steroids.
Smoothing of the business cycle and decades of this faux-prosperity has all come at a price, however. That price is a great unwinding. On Day 5, I'm going to provide an optimistic roadmap for how a great unwind could happen. On Day 6, I'll give a less generous version.
(Note: I'm taking next week off to work on a private writing project, attend some girls softball games with a 8 year old and a 6 year old and get caught up. We'll have content here on the blog, but continuation of this series might be on hold until I get back.)


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In 2009, at the tender age of 20, French-Canadian writer-director-star Xavier Dolan took the festival circuit by storm with I Killed My Mother, a rough-hewn but crowd-pleasing and extremely promising debut feature. Having a filmmaker this good this early can be exciting, but there's also the worry of the Tenenbaum Effect, when precocious artists peak too soon, without growing into their talent first. Produced just one year later, Dolan's beautiful second feature, Heartbeats, goes a long way toward assuaging those fears. It contains all the passion and drama that animated I Killed My Mother, but carried across with greater assurance and technique. Far from being a liability, Dolan's youthfulness gives it unmistakable vibrancy: This is a love-crazy, movie-crazy affair, laying bare its emotions just as plainly as its influences.
Much like an early P.T. Anderson film, Heartbeats makes it a little too clear what its director has been watching lately—in this case, Wong Kar-wai, specifically In The Mood For Love. Instead of having languorous slo-mo sequences set to Nat King Cole's "Quizás, Quizás, Quizás" and Shigeru Umebayashi's unforgettable score, Dolan selects Dalida's French cover of "Bang Bang," but the intended effect is the same. Dolan and Monia Chokri star as best friends who fall for the same man, a preening, curly-haired Adonis played by Niels Schneider. The three go to parties and restaurants together, with the friends, now quietly bitter romantic rivals, making their play on a man too consumed with narcissism to pick up the signals.
Heartbeats' original (and much better) title, Les Amours Imaginaires, speaks to the creative—and sometimes delusional—nature of desire and the way it drives these young romantics to desperation and sabotage. Dolan plays their pettiness for some great laughs, but at its core, the film expresses something true about love's power to obliterate all other considerations, including close friendship. Heartbeats is a little too neatly drawn, but Dolan's enthusiasm and vitality compensate for more than they rationally should; this is a film even easier to love than to like.


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Economist Norbert Haering, discussing "the veil of deception over money", argues that closely limited and clearly specified interests distort deliberately the true nature of banking. The vast majority of money in circulation, he says, isn't issued by central banks but by private financial institutions.
Posts Tagged 'Word Economics Association'
Money lies disguise banking truths
April 17th, 2013 2 Comments


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Two years ago former Mayor Abram Wilson was making the rounds of cities in the Tri-Valley to encourage them to invest in the Creekside Memorial Cemetery. I interviewed him for my Blogtalkradio program back in April of 2012. Web Link
Abram was trying to get the cities in the Tri-Valley to buy the land for the cemetery from Sid Corrie to generate income for the cities. Now that some of the residents of Dougherty Valley are protesting the cemetery, I wondered how much Sid Corrie was looking for to sell that land. I phoned Abram yesterday afternoon and left him a message. He called back at 9:37 pm last night.
He talked about what he was proposing in 2012, but not much has been done on it since. The five cities have not form a JPA (Joint Powers Agreement) to buy the cemetery, and the property is still owned by Sid Corrie with the intention of turning it into a cemetery. I asked Abram how much Sid Corrie wanted for that property. "Not that much," he told me, but he wouldn't say how much is "not that much."
Abram also told me Sid would not sell the property now because he wants a place for his own grave site. I asked Abram about all of the other cemeteries nearby that opponents mention to show such a big cemetery isn't needed here. He said there are cemeteries nearby, but they are all full or pre-sold. There are no plots left.
He also said that buyers from outside the United States are buying up land for cemeteries. He mentioned one buyer in China. I was surprised because the Chinese residents here are so opposed to the cemetery for cultural reasons. Abram said the man buying cemetery properties is in it for the money and lives there and not here. I don't know who that person is or if there is any possibility that he could buy Sid's property now.
Abram said that the Muslim community is looking for land for a cemetery. I know there is a sizeable Muslim community in or near San Ramon. The Islamic Center across the parking lot from the City Hall was enlarged a few years ago. The only protests were the usual ones about traffic, especially on Fridays when Muslims observe their Sabbath.
We had a nice chat. Abram was relaxed and joking and laughing. I told him he's much more fun now that he's not Mayor. He agreed that not having to represent the city or watch what he says makes life a lot easier.
I also met with Crystal Lu at Starbucks this afternoon. I started taking notes but she asked me to keep what she said off the record. So this is just a short summary of the meeting, which went very well.
There was no hostility. We treated each other with respect, unlike the childish name calling which has been growing in the comments on the blogs in the Express now. We listened to each other and came to understand our different perspectives.
I told Crystal to look for solutions instead of simply protesting the cemetery. Problems that seem overwhelming can be solved if you stay rational and not let fear or anger take over.