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DC is expanding the world of Gotham City, but this time it won't be with more bat-themed superheroes stalking the night. Two new monthly series, Gotham Academy and Arkham Manor, bring high school drama to Gotham while also turning stately Wayne Manor into an Arkham Asylum Annex.
Entertainment Weekly has the scoop:
In Arkham Manor, stately Wayne Manor gets made over into the local psycho dungeon, and, perhaps predictably, some inmates wind up dead. Things are a bit less bleak in Gotham Academy, a new monthly teen drama set at Gotham City's most prestigious prep school. (Bruce Wayne is a benefactor; other familiar characters may pop up in Academy's twisted, teenybopping universe.)
I have zero problem with either of these. I may not personally be clamoring for Gotham Academy, but I'm totally down with DC trying to expand the Bat-verse into new and different areas and genres. I also am weirdly looking forward to figuring out what kind of nonsense has to happen to make Bruce Wayne think letting his entire rogue's gallery live in his home is somehow a good idea.
Both due this October, Arkham Manor will be written and drawn by Gerry Duggan and Shawn Crystal, respectively, while Becky Cloonan and Brendan Fletcher will write Gotham Academy, with art by Karl Kerschl. Here are the two first covers (I'm betting you can guess which is which):


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Network: NBC
Episodes: Ongoing (hour)
Seasons: Ongoing
TV show dates: October 10, 2012 — TBD
Series status: Has not been cancelled
Performers include: Jesse Spencer, Taylor Kinney, Lauren German, Monica Raymund, Charlie Barnett, Teri Reeves, David Eigenberg and Eamonn Walker.
TV show description:
This TV series provides a look into the lives of the everyday heroes who are committed to one of America's noblest professions. For the firefighters, rescue squad and paramedics of Chicago Firehouse 51, no occupation is more stressful or dangerous, yet so rewarding and exhilarating. These courageous men and women are among the elite who forge headfirst into danger when everyone else is running the other way and whose actions make the difference between life and death.
The pressure to perform on such a high level has a way of taking a personal toll, sometimes putting team members from the Truck and the specially trained Rescue Squad at odds with each other. Despite any differences, this is an extended family, and when it's "go time," everyone inside Firehouse 51 knows no other way than to lay it all on the line for each other. When a tragedy claims one of their own, there's plenty of guilt and blame to go around.
Matthew Casey (Jesse Spencer) is a strong, intuitive lieutenant who is in charge of the Truck. He's still coming to grips with the loss of one of his men and, unbeknownst to his colleagues, is in the midst of a separation from Hallie (Teri Reeves), a hospital resident.
Matthew butts heads with brash Lieutenant Kelly Severide (Taylor Kinney) of the Rescue Squad. Each blames the other for their fallen team member.
Others in the firehouse include Battalion Chief Wallace Boden (Eamonn Walker), a fireman's fireman who is confronted by important personal decisions; paramedics Gabriela Dawson (Monica Raymund) and Leslie Shay (Lauren German), who share a close bond and team together to face some of the most harrowing situations imaginable; Peter Mills (Charlie Barnett), an academy graduate who is the latest generation in a family of firefighters; and Christopher Herrmann (David Eigenberg), a seasoned veteran who loses his home to foreclosure and now must uproot his family to move in with his in-laws.
Episode #TBD
This TV series has not ended yet.
First aired: TBD
What do you think? Do you like the Chicago Fire TV series on NBC? Do you think it should be canceled or renewed for another season?

subset: commoncrawl


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This is a full line German market, not just a pork store. Besides the charcuterie counter there is a full line butcher, German groceries, imported butters, mustards, fish pastes, etc. The prepared foods - salads, beef goulash, etc. are pretty good. The wursts are what they are known for and they all taste like the real thing. VISIT SITE
- (-) Remove United States filter United States


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Movie description: Skye West is bored and really horny. She tries to pleasure herself by masturbating in her bedroom. When her stepmom, Olivia Austin, walks in on her flicking her clit, Skye is embarrassed, but Olivia tells her there's nothing to be embarrassed about and tries her best to help her cum. Ms. Austin explains to Skye that she should use her imagination to masturbate, and soon Skye and her fantasies cum--to life!
Pornstar: Xander Corvus, Olivia Austin, Skye West


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Ethics probe: 'Substantial reason' to believe Bishop violated finance law
A congressional ethics report has recommended further investigations into allegations Rep. Tim Bishop violated House rules and federal law last year, saying there was a "substantial reason" to believe Mr. Bishop broke federal campaign finance rules.
The report, released Wednesday by the Office of Congressional Ethics, found that Mr. Bishop helped a constituent get permits to hold a fireworks show, then had his staff ask the man for a campaign contribution as a quid pro quo.
The probe also found that Mr. Bishop's campaign committee may have misreported a $5,000 contribution from the constituent's company that broke the $2,500 per election limit.
"There is a substantial reason to believe that Representative Bishop sought a campaign contribution because of or in connection with an official act in violation of House rules, standards of conduct, and federal law," according to the 117-page report.
The Office of Congressional Ethics has advised the House Committee on Ethics to further review the allegations.
Mr. Bishop has denied the allegations; his lawyers filed a response to the probe that called the allegations "deeply flawed."
"The report released today confirms that the allegations made against me last summer were politically orchestrated and I am confident that the ongoing review of this matter will show that I acted in good faith to assist a constituent in need," Mr. Bishop said in a statement.
Mr. Bishop allegedly helped Eric Semler, a Sagaponack hedge fund manager, get the necessary permits to hold a fireworks display for his son's bar mitzvah on May 26, 2012, according to email evidence in the report.
After the permits were believed to be cleared, Mr. Bishop wrote an email to a close friend, Robert Sillerman, asking him to ask Mr. Semler for a contribution.
"We are all set with Eric Semler," the email from Mr. Bishop detailed in the report states. "Hey, would you be willing to reach out to him to ask for a contribution? If he donates before June 26, he and his wife can each do 5 large – if it is after June 26, they can each do a max of 2500."
Mr. Bishop's response says that Mr. Semler was under no pressure to give a contribution, notes that Mr. Bishop did not personally contact him about a donation, and noted that Mr. Semler said in an interview in the report that he made the contribution because Rep. Bishop is a "stellar politician."
The report also states that Mr. Bishops campaign misreported a $5,000 contribution from Mr. Semler's company TCS Capital Management LLC as being two $2,500 from Mr. Semler and his wife. The campaign also reported the date of the contribution as June 26, not July 9 when the contribution was actually received, the report states.
Mr. Bishop's attorneys said in his response that while the finding allege the campaign misreported the contribution, the re-election campaign "took reasonable steps" including hiring a FEC compliance official to report the contribution correctly.
House Committee on Ethics said in a statement that it will "continue to gather information necessary to complete its review" of the allegations against Mr. Bishop.


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The Ad & Affiliate Network GraveyardJuly 11, 2011 Posted by Tyler Cruz
I have an Excel spreadsheet where I keep track of all my affiliate and ad network accounts for easy access to my referral URLs and other information.
Since I have accounts on so many ad networks, I almost never check my stats on 90% of them. However, since I have referrals on almost every network that I'm signed up with, I do like to log into each network on my list one-by-one once in a while to see if I gained any new referrals and/or income.
I hadn't done this for quite a while, however, and so a couple of months ago I decided to do so again.
The Scary Death Rate
As I was going through my list, logging into each network one-by-one, it wasn't long before I realized that a lot of networks had gone under.
I'm by a lot I'm not talking about 4 or 5, but more like 30-35! I don't know the exact number, as I did this a couple of months ago, but I do remember writing a note to myself to write this blog post, and wrote that "50% of networks from my list are dead".
Fifty percent!
I had expected to delete a few entries from my list when I was going through it to update things – that was part of the purpose of doing so – but 50%? Geez.
Not All Dead, Exactly
While there were certainly a lot of affiliate and advertising networks that were simply dead/gone, I removed a number of other networks from my list because the networks either changed systems or deactivated my account.
Changed Systems
I simply do not understand it when networks change their backend system and do not migrate their user's data into the new system. It's seriously frustrating.
A network will decide that they don't like DirectTrack or HasOffers as their backend anymore and move to another system – usually something custom. Okay – that's fine. A lot of these systems are extremely antiquated and limiting (*cough DirectTrack*), so I can understand the want and need to switch systems.
But why on Earth do you just leave your advertisers and publishers – your bread and butter – high and dry? Why can't you migrate the database and stats into the new system? I understand that we're not talking about a simple export here… in fact, it would be quite the task. But surely it can be done… it seems rather surprising to me that a decent programming firm couldn't do this for $10,000-$20,000 – pocket change for most networks.
At least transfer over the old account's with their username and passwords so that users don't have to register and be approved again, for God's sake!
Sorry – it just really infuriates me with networks do this, and they lose a customer as a result.
Account Deactivated
If the network wasn't simply dead/gone or purged it's user accounts by changing systems, then they deactivated my account.
In many cases where this happened, the networks probably had reasonable justifications for doing so, as I'm certainly not active on every single network I sign up to. Therefore, I understand networks wanting to weed out inactive publishers and advertisers.
But instead of simply deactivating or deleting my account, why not try to "reactivate" me instead? Why not try contacting me to see why I haven't been active lately before shutting me out entirely?
At the very least: WARN ME BEFORE DEACTIVING MY ACCOUNT! It's just so frustrating to try logging into a network, only to have to find out from contacting customer support that your account was deactivated for inactivity.
That'd be like finding out you got fired from your job by going into work one day, only to have one of your colleagues say "I thought you were fired yesterday".
Be Careful Where You Register
This post should hopefully act as a bit of a warning for you the next time you're signing up to an ad network, affiliate network, or referral program.
Ask yourself if the network has staying-power and will likely still be around within a couple years.
The consequences are often bigger than simply an inconvenience. You could have been busy driving referrals to the network, with the intention of gaining slow but long-term revenue from them, only to find out one day that the network is no more. Those referrals could have been sent to another network instead, and still making you money today.
Some networks even go under without paying what they owe to their publishers, which can be an even bigger problem.
Then again, I myself am usually quite careful and selective in which networks I decide to use, but that didn't stop me from having to delete dozens from my list.
12 Responses to "The Ad & Affiliate Network Graveyard"
Wow – that is pretty brutal that 50% of those networks went under! I usually only signup for the big networks so I've never had this issue but I can imagine that being frustrating especially if you've earned money with some of these networks and you just lose it.
Good to know though. I'll be really picky in the future for what networks I signup with. As for keeping track of all your accounts and login's I recommend you try the software called KeePass2. It's free and works 100 times better than excel. It securely stores the information on your computer. Its password protected and you have sections for all your different logins such as general, windows, networks, email, homebanking, etc. It's awesome software!
You can pretty much attribute all those gravestones to Google nuking 100,000+ AdWords accounts back in late 2009.
You're totally right though about the migration thing. Those networks should have migrated over their user data. I wonder if maybe they did migrate users, but only any who made $xx,xxx or more for example. Maybe anyone under $10k they just dumped?
I agree that rather than killing dormant affiliate accounts that some sort of reactivation would be a better option, but even then the majority of affiliates don't bother responding.
The loss to the network is zero as the affiliates didn't make them any money in the past anyway.
I'm not sure on the number of "networks gone out of business" but it is nowhere near 50%.
The better networks will definitely have a migration plan in place for the affiliates that matter and will also work hard to ensure any legacy links continue to redirect properly and give credit under the new system.
I've seen it happen, you send an affiliate maybe 5 emails to change their links by X date and then that date comes and goes, they don't change the links and then start moaning about the lost revenue. No point paying a ton of money to two platform providers.
The cavalier dumping of signed up clients is something not restricted to affiliate networks, that's for sure. It goes against all common sense in Internet Marketing in general.
Anybody who has tried to build up a blog and or mailing list knows that it often feels like "puling teeth" to get people to sign up to anything. Once you have their permission based email it is worth a fortune in comparison to anyone who is just 'surfing by" and not ready to sign up. Dumping them because of inactivity is dumb as dirt.
Paul's thought that many of them may have been weeding out the small or no performers from the "bigger fish" is quite possibly right. And there's a good business reason to focus attention on the better performers in your network.
But to throw out the low/no performers as if they were last night's garbage? Shortsighted. What about moving them to a lower performance network, or offering them a prize if they get busy and become active, or selling them a course on how to be a stellar performer and change their non-performance to profitable performance, etc.
At the very least, they were your clients/members and you at least owe them the courtesy of an automated goodby/thank you/come back when you are ready message.
The way the Internet works, you just never know when the non-performing "dufus" of today becomes a mover and shaker a year down the road.
Making enemies and leaving a bad taste in someone's mouth never makes good business sense, even when "firing" them is the most viable business alternative.
thats really brutal news i wasnt rly aware
I only use the big ones like clickbank and paydotcom so I don't have that kind of problems
Great tips, thanks!
Thats scary right there, just goes to show the fact that you really do need to diversify yourself because even if you are making the big bucks from a certain network, you never know if that will be sustainable.
Wow, this is sad!
Excellent post Tyler. This is definitely something that every affiliate should be aware of and regularly checking for. There are also many technology solutions affiliates to help affiliates with dead links, etc. Actually ian just came out with http://offersnitch.com/ pretty recently and works pretty well.
Regarding migration, you're also right that moving stats can be an intense process, especially depending on the data. Networks should certainly back up all of the past data for later reference (at the very least), and they should also use reference IDs to make sure no traffic is lost in transition.
Hmm.. Thats very sad man….That is really brutal…50% networks…so be aware…
Pretty high death rate but affiliate networks come and go nowadays, that is why it is very important to see how long a network has been in business, payment history, is it a one man show just a lot of common sense stuffs.


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"Episode 4-19-16" by Armed Alabama.
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(visited by Joseph Kerski)
02-Oct-2005 -- I was in the Washington DC area for an GIS advisory board meeting for the National Institute for Technology in Liberal Education , an
initiative to bring spatial thinking to 93 liberal arts colleges around the country. A confluence visit seemed like the perfect complement to this meeting. After visiting some wonderful relatives in Delaware, I was en route to Dulles Airport in Virginia, from where I would fly home. I had been given a rental car with an in-vehicle GPS with voice, and it was highly enjoyable to try its features. I drove to Centreville, turned southeast on State Highwasy 304, south on Greenville Road, and then west on Little Eagle Road. I parked at the edge between the forest and the planted field there.
Being from Colorado, a state surveyed according to the public land survey system, I am more accustomed to roads running north-south and east-west. Here in Maryland, a metes and bounds state, the roads, as they do in most parts of the world, pay no attention to the cardinal directions. Therefore, after walking down the road for a few hundred meters, I had to double back in a large "n" shape before finding the confluence. By staying on the road as long as possible, I was trying to minimize tramping on the bean field. Once at the confluence, I was
confronted with an interesting problem--where to set the camera for a self-portrait. I had no tripod with me, and the bean plants were 1 meter high. After taking numerous photos, I finally lay down on the ground and decided I liked that one best. Decisions, decisions.
The confluence of 39 North 76 West lies near the southern end of a planted field of beans, on level ground. This is the eastern shore of Maryland, a geographically distinctive place that was physically and culturally quite different from the rest of Maryland until the Chesapeake Bay Bridge was built a few decades ago. This bridge lies not far from the confluence, 35 km to the west. This is the land of fields and marshes, where people made their living for decades from the land by either fishing or farming. The area is dotted with older farmhouses as well
as with newer homes of those may have been farming part time or have recently opted to live in the country. The countryside is the flat tidewater area near the Chesapeake Bay. Not far from here is Tuckahoe State Park, which would have to wait for a later visit. I spent around 15 minutes at the site filming. I could see two houses, to the north and northeast; both at least 500 meters away. A few birds were present but I saw no ground animals nor standing water. I arrived at 915 am local time (my GPS time is set to Mountain Time). It was a beautiful early autumn morning; summer reluctant to loosen its hold: The thermometer on my GPS bag showed 21 C (70 F). I was wearing a shirt from ESRI, the GIS company.
I have visited 39 North more than any other line of latitude--13 visits. I did not plan it that way, but part of it has to do with the fact that this line of latitude is the closest to where I live. These 13 visits include ones in Colorado, in Kansas, in Missouri, and now 2 in
Maryland. I have also visited 76 West before, in Pennsylvania and an attempt in Virginia. I was reluctant to leave, for this is a beautiful area, but I needed to reach the airport in Virginia soon. I drove out a different way, northwest on Little Eagle Road, where I passed two people on an early morning walk. I soon reached US 301, and then drove west, filled with peace
from spending time in the countryside.


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Community Service
College Works Painting encourages corporate and field employee involvement within the various communities that we operate in. By choosing to work with groups and organizations that aim to improve our world, we hope to be a positive influence in the community. The following are organizations that we have worked with to help improve lives and build strong examples of charity and service.
Augie's Quest
College Works Painting and Augie's Quest formed a partnership in 2009 that will directly touch more than 2,000 college students in the US, and more then 35,000 homeowners. College Works interns will contribute $5 for each house they paint and the money will go towards finding a cure for Lou Gehrig's disease. For more information visit www.augiesquest.com
The Make-A-Wish Foundation ®
For the past two years, College Works supported the mission of the Make-A-Wish Foundation. College Works was able to donate $5 for each job we produced during our production months, May 1st through October 1st, and guaranteed a minimum contribution of $40,000. College Works supports the work and the vision of the Make-A-Wish Foundation and we were honored to support their efforts.
Share Our Selves
College Works Painting co-founder Matthew Stewart actively supports the Share our Selves organization, a charity based out of Orange County, California. Stewart, who sits on the Board of Trustees, has been a sponsor of the annual Celebrity Chef Dinner since 2003. For more information about Share our Selves.
College Works Painting supports Corazón and its efforts through the "build a house in a day" program for low income families in Tijuana, Mexico. Both management and student interns give of their time, to travel south of the border to help build brand new homes from the ground up for needy families. Corazon is a non-profit, volunteer program that has sought to help families and individuals in neighborhoods all throughout Northern Baja California. College Works is proud to be able to aid them in their efforts.
Every year CWP District Managers across the country paint homes for free. This is usually done in the spring, and in addition to providing training for our employees "Charity Paints" provides some families a much needed paint job. District Managers work with local organizations to locate and set up the charity painting projects. Numerous families and organizations have been assisted through our "charity painting" program.
The entire College Works Painting management team is committed to community involvement. This commitment is shown through encouraging involvement at every level in the organization and by setting the example. College Works Painting plans to continue and expand this community involvement.


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Kryon is a consciousness that pervades all universes. Kryon is rather like a committee that has the ultimate understanding of what happens on Planet Earth, and of what goes on everywhere else. He is everything within this solar system. However, not only in this solar system, but also galaxies beyond.
Kryon is everything that is, and everything that is not. Kryon is God in a state of detachment from Mother Earth. Kryon is detached from Mother Earth in order to see and to understand clearly what is happening here.
Planet Earth has been through a special experience is the last few thousand years: - the separation from God. Kryon is here to take you on the journey home, and to connect you with your inner divinity, for you are all magical beings of this universe, magnificent beyond your comprehension.
In prior channellings, a step-by-step way for emotional clearing has been explained. Being emotionally unbalanced is like driving a car with a dirty windscreen, or sailing a ship whose anchor still holds fast at the bottom of the sea. Until you achieve emotional clarity, your lives are going nowhere.
The Kryon energy comes to you in love and honesty, and brings specialist information and knowledge from all corners of the universe to assist you in the ascension process. There is not one entity or specialist group of knowledge and understanding that cannot be contacted through Kryon.


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We're fond of baking with bacon. Our Berkshire-breed, applewood smoked bacon makes these cookies a carnivore favorite.
Cookies for dessert? Yes. Cookies for breakfast? Sure! These hearty oatmeal cookies are studded with crumbled bacon, toasted pecans, and two kinds of apples, then sprinkled with maple sugar for an extra dimension of flavor. They're sweet and salty, chewy and crisp – delicious no matter when you eat them!
6-8 slices applewood smoked bacon
1 1/2 cups pecans
2 sticks unsalted butter, at room temperature
1 cup dark brown sugar, lightly packed
1 cup granulated sugar
2 extra-large eggs, at room temperature
1 teaspoons pure vanilla extract
1 2/3 cups all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1 teaspoon kosher salt
3 cups old-fashioned oatmeal
1 cup chopped Granny Smith apple
½ cup chopped dried apple
Coarse grained maple sugar
1. In a skillet set over medium heat, cook the bacon until crisp. Drain bacon slices on paper toweling then chop. Set aside, along with 1 tablespoon of bacon fat.
2. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F.
3.Place the pecans on a sheet pan and bake for 5 minutes, until crisp. Set aside to cool. Chop coarsely.
4. In the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, beat the butter, bacon fat, brown sugar, and granulated sugar together on medium-high speed until light and fluffy. With the mixer on low, add the eggs, one at a time. Add vanilla.
5. Sift the flour, baking powder, cinnamon, and salt together into a medium bowl. With the mixer on low, slowly add the dry ingredients to the butter mixture. Stir in the oats, apples, bacon, and pecans and mix just until combined.
6. Drop 2-inch mounds of dough onto sheet pans lined with parchment paper or silicon mats. Flatten slightly with a damp hand. Sprinkle the top of each cookie with maple sugar. Bake for 12 to 15 minutes, until lightly browned. Transfer the cookies to a baking rack and cool completely.


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(WOMENSENEWS)– Shawanna Lumsey, who in 2003 was serving time while pregnant in an Arkansas prison for credit card fraud, received minimal pre-natal care during her incarceration. Later she was shackled to a hospital bedpost while giving birth to a 9 pound, 7 ounce baby.
"We are human beings, even when we are in prison," Lumsey was quoted in an October report on the mistreatment of pregnant women in prison produced by two Washington-based groups, the National Women's Law Center and the Rebecca Project for Human Rights. "Prisoners still have human rights. And shackling takes those basic human rights away."
Yesterday, advocates for incarcerated mothers and pregnant women joined an online forum to discuss the study, which gave 36 states failing grades for using various forms of shackling on pregnant women during transportation, labor and delivery and postpartum recuperation.
Faiza Mathon-Mathieu, counsel for the Rebecca Project, said a tool kit will be ready by the end of the year for use by advocates opposed to shackling. The organization began a national Anti-Shackling Coalition in 2008 that holds monthly conference calls to assist support groups trying to change the laws, she said.
The study follows a five-fold increase in women's prison numbers since the mid-1980s, when mandatory sentencing was added to federal drug laws. Most of the affected women are nonviolent, first-time offenders.
Instead of expanding prison nursery programs–an approach used by some states–authors recommend increasing targeted federal funding to states to encourage the more cost-effective solution of community-based alternative treatment and sentencing programs that keep non-violent women and their children together. They say this will both strengthen family relationships and reduce recidivism.
Because of limited funding, prison nurseries and alternative sentencing programs vie for the same pool of money, said report co-author Malika Saada Saar, executive director of the Rebecca Project.
Treating the mother while keeping the family together costs taxpayers less by reducing recidivism and spending on foster care, she said.
However, 17 states, including the District of Columbia, received a failing grade for failing to provide any family-based treatment programs for non-violent inmates who are parents.
"Too many women in prison fail to receive adequate prenatal care, are shackled during childbirth, and don't have the option of family-based drug treatment programs that would allow them to be with their children," the National Women's Law Center's Senior Counsel Jill C. Morrison said in an interview last week. "These failures not only compromise women's health but also jeopardize the health and well-being of their children and our communities."
Morrison and Saada Saar took particular issue with the practice of shackling.
Most incarcerated women have not committed a violent crime and women in labor are in no condition to flee, Saada Saar said in a press statement following release of the report.
Morrison said that shackling is painful, restricts the mother's movements and the doctor's access to the patient and increases the risk of a compromised birth. But the use of restraints–including leg irons and chains on the belly and arms of a woman during labor and delivery–is routine in most state prisons.
Women in prison are guaranteed prenatal care under the constitutional prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. In 2009, a federal appeals court ruled in the case of Lumsey that constitutional protections against shackling pregnant women during labor had been clearly established by decisions of the Supreme Court and the lower courts.
Co-authors of the report also describe a systemic failure of states to ensure that pregnant inmates receive basic prenatal care.
Forty-three states, including the District of Columbia, do not require medical examinations as a component of prenatal care.
Forty-eight states, including the District of Columbia, do not offer pregnant women screening for HIV-AIDS.
Many states with written health care policies for men have no such policies for incarcerated women.
Thirty-eight states, including the District of Columbia, received failing grades for inadequate policies or no policies at all for women.
Federal facilities are not graded but the report concludes–based on available evidence–that conditions for families with children in ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency of the Department of Homeland Security) detention are poor.
Would you like to Comment but not sure how? Visit our help page at https://womensenews.org/help-making-comments-womens-enews-stories.
Would you like to Send Along a Link of This Story?
Susan Elan covered politics at daily newspapers in the New York metropolitan area for over a decade. She is now enrolled in a Master of Public Health program at New York Medical College.
For more information:
The National Women's Law Center:
The Rebecca Project for Human Rights:
American Civil Liberties Union, State Standards for Pregnancy-Related Health Care in Prison (2008), available at:


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- San Francisco
- San Francisco• Archdiocese established 29 July 1853 to include multiple counties in the State of California, U.S.A
Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006.
- San FranciscoSan Francisco† Catholic_Encyclopedia ► San Francisco(SANCTI FRANCISCI)Archdiocese established 29 July 1853 to include the Counties of San Francisco, San Mateo, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Sonoma, Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Salano, and Merced lying north of 37° 5' N. lat. in the State of California, U.S.A.; an area of 16,856 square miles. Its suffragans are: the Diocese of Monterey and Los Angeles, and the Diocese of Sacramento, in California; and the Diocese of Salt Lake, which comprises the State of Utah and six counties of the State of Nevada; the province including the states of California and Nevada and all the territory east to the Rio Colorado.All California — Lower, or Old California, and Upper, or the present state — was originally under Spanish and Mexican jurisdiction, and later formed the Diocese of Both Californias, of which the Right Reverend Francisco Garcia Diego y Moreno was the first bishop. The Franciscans who landed with Cortes at Santa Cruz Bay on 3 May, 1535 began the first mission work, under the leadership of Father Martin de la Coruna. Their labors in this field, and those of the Jesuits who followed them half a century later, are detailed in a special article devoted to that topic (see CALIFORNIA MISSIONS). Portola discovered the present San Francisco Bay 1 Nov., 1769, and as one of the chain of missions projected by Father Junipero Serra, the mission of San Francisco de Asis, called also the Mission Dolores, was founded 9 Oct., 1776 by his two Franciscan brethren Fathers Francisco Palou and Benito Cambon, both natives of Spain. Under the fostering care of the Franciscans the mission prospered without interruption for more than half a century. Then came the secularization and plunder of the California missions by the Mexican Government in 1834, and San Francisco suffered ruin with the others. The village of Yerba Buena was established on its site, and colonization invited by the civil authorities. Some outside trading was done, and a few ships entered the harbour. In the midsummer of 1846, a man-of-war took possession of the place in the name of the United States, and on 30 Jan. of the following year the name of the town Yerba Buena was changed to San Francisco. Gold was discovered in the spring of 1848, and with this came the thousands of fortune-hunters of all nations and the beginning of the city as a great centre of commerce (see CALIFORNIA).Previous to this the Holy See had established the Diocese of Both Californias, suffragan to the Archbishop of Mexico, and appointed as its bishop, on 27 April, 1840, Father Francis Garcia Diego y Moreno, who was consecrated at Zacatecas, 4 Oct., 1840. He was born at Lagos, State of Jalisco, Mexico, 17 Sept., 1785, and joined the Franciscans at the age of seventeen. Ordained priest 13 Nov., 1808 he was successively master of novices and vicar of the monastery of Our Lady of Guadalupe, and laboured zealously giving missions in the towns and cities of Mexico. In 1830 he was appointed Prefect of the Missions for the Conversion of the Indians in California, and set out for this new field with ten missionaries from the college of Our Lady of Guadalupe, reaching Santa Clara, where he took up his residence. The missions of Upper California were then in a very demoralized state, owing to secular and political interference and persecution. Their utter ruin was averted by the zeal of these priests until the passage of the decree of secularization by the Mexican Congress in August, 1834. The destruction that followed this was so widespread that in the summer of 1836 he went back to Mexico, and by a persistent appeal to its congress secured the repeal of the decree of secularization and an order for the restoration of the missions to the Church. Business in connection with his order detained him in Mexico for several years, and then as he was about to return to California he received notice of his appointment as bishop of the newly-created diocese which contained eighteen of the twenty-one historic California missions. Most of them were in ruins when he arrived at San Diego on 11 December, 1841, to commence the disheartening task of saving what he could of the wreck left by the plunderers of the era of secularization. By heroic effort he opened a seminary at Santa Ynez 4 May, 1844, and by word, deed, and example did everything possible to re-establish the missions, but his health failed, and returning to Santa Barbara in January, 1842 he died there 13 April, 1846.Very Rev. José Maria Gonzalez Rubio, O.F.M., the vicar-general, was appointed administrator before the bishop died, and the choice was ratified by the Archbishop of Mexico. The condition of the diocese may be seen from the statement of the administrator made in a circular letter dated 30 May, 1848, and addressed to the people. "Day by day" he said, "we see that our circumstances grow in difficulty; that helps and resources have shrunk to almost nothing; that the hope of supplying the needed clergy is now almost extinguished; and worst of all that through lack of means and priests Divine worship throughout the whole diocese stands upon the brink of total ruin." The date of this letter is the same as that on which the Treaty of Queretar was signed, ceding California to the United States.American RuleWhen Upper California thus became part of the United States, the Mexican Government refused to permit an American bishop to exercise jurisdiction in Lower California. To meet his difficulty Pope Pius IX detached the Mexican territory from the Diocese of San Diego or Monterey, which had been erected by Pope Gregory XVI 27 April, 1840, and by decree of the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda, 1 July, 1854, divided Upper California into the two dioceses of San Francisco and Monterey. By Brief of 29 July, San Francisco was made an archbishopric, with Monterey its suffragan see. As Bishop of San Diego or Monterey, the Reverend Joseph Sadoc Alemany, O.P. had been consecrated in Rome by Cardinal Fransoni 30 June, 1850. He was appointed Archbishop of San Francisco, and took possession 29 July, 1853. Before all this occurred, Father Gonzalez as administrator began to take measures to provide for the needs of the people, and in a circular appeal for aid, dated Santa Barbara, 13 June, 1849, he tells his flock that he has asked for priests from the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary and from the Jesuits of Oregon.In the autumn of 1849 Father John Brouillet, then Vicar-General of Nesqually, Oregon, landed at San Francisco on a visit, and as he was the only priest in the vicinity who could speak English, the spiritual destitution of the thousands about the town trying to reach the newly-discovered gold fields touched him, and he remained there to minister to them. A few months later Father Antoine Langlois, a Canadian secular priest who had been labouring for six years in the north-west and was then on his way to Canada to enter the Society of Jesus, joined him, and by direction of his superiors also remained at San Francisco. He has left an "Ecclesiastical and Religious Journal for San Francisco" in MS., which is preserved at Santa Clara College, and in this he relates: "The first Mass said in the Mission established in the city of St. Francis Xavier [sic] was on June 17th, 1849, the third Sunday after Pentecost; Father Brouillet ... was specifically charged to yield to the wishes of the people and labour towards the building of a Church and hold divine service therein. A beginning was made by the purchase of a piece of ground 25 by 50 varas, after he had called the more zealous Catholics together and opened a subscription of $5000 to pay for the lot and the building to be erected on it ... Religion now began to be practised in spite of the natural obstacles then in its way by the thirst of gold".Father Brouillet then returned to Oregon, and to succeed him in the mission Fathers Michael Accolti and John Nobili, S.J. reached San Francisco from Oregon 8 Dec., 1849 to establish in the diocese, in response to the invitation of the administrator, a house and college of their order either at Los Angeles or San José, the latter being at that time the chief city of Northern California. These two priests played a very prominent part in the subsequent development of the Church and Catholic education in the diocese. Father Accolti tried to obtain assistance from his brethren of the Missouri and other provinces of his order, and finally in May, 1854 succeeded in having the California mission adopted by the Province of Turin, Italy. In May, 1852 Father James Ryder, S.J., of the Maryland Province visited San Francisco and remained four months on business connected with the society. In March, 1850 two fathers of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary arrived from the Sandwich Islands, and shortly after four others of the same Congregation from Valparaiso. They were immediately invited to establish themselves in the old missions in Southern California and only one of them remained at San Francisco. This was Father Flavian Fontaine, who started a school there, as he spoke English fluently. This school failed after some time, and occasioned much trouble owing to the debts he left on the property, which were assumed by Father Nobili, who undertook to continue the school as an adjunct to Santa Clara College which he had founded near San Jose. The Dominicans, represented by Father Anderson, were also established. He received faculties from the administrator 17 Sept., 1850 and was appointed pastor at Sacramento, where he fell a victim to cholera early the following year. The "Catholic Directory" for 1850 has this report from California: "The number of clergymen in Northern California is about sixteen, two of whom, the Rev. John B. Brouillet and Rev. Antoine Langlois, are in the town of San Francisco, where a chapel was dedicated to Divine worship last June. The reverend clergy there have also made arrangements for the opening of a school for the instruction of children. The Catholic population is variously estimated at from fifteen to twenty thousand".Racial differences had made some trouble which the administrator hoped the advent of the English-speaking Jesuits would help to settle. In a letter to Father Accolti from Santa Barbara on 5 March, 1850, he says: "Strangers have not been wanting, who, despising the priests of the country, have desired to build a church apart, and have it attended by priests of their own tongue. Such pretensions, though based on some specious reasons, have to some of the parish priests savoured of schism".Such were the conditions in the new diocese to which Bishop Alemany was appointed. He was born at Vich, Spain, 13 July, 1814, entered the Dominican Order in 1829, and in the following year, driven from Spain by government persecution, he went with a fellow novice Francis Sadoc Villarasa to Rome, where they continued their studies and were ordained priests on 27 March, 1837, at Viterbo. They applied to be sent to the Philippine mission, but were assigned instead to the United States, where Father Alemany became Provincial of St. Joseph's Province of the order. Ten years were spent in missionary work in Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, during which time they learned to speak and write English fluently. After Bishop Alemany's consecration he remained in R+ome for a short time, and then, on his way back to his diocese, he stopped at Lyons and Paris, where he collected some gifts of much-needed church furnishings, and in Ireland, where he arranged for volunteer teachers for his schools, and priests for his people. He finally reched San Francisco on the night of 6 Dec., 1850, accompanied by Father Villarasa, O.P., and Sister Mary Goemare, a religious of the Dominican sisterhood. Father Villarasa was for forty years subsequently commissary general of the Dominicans in California, and died there in 1888. They found at San Francisco only two churches: St. Francis's, a frame building attended by those who did not speak Spanish, and the old Mission Dolores for those who did. At Monterey the bishop established the first convent of nuns in California and St. Catherine's Academy, where he and Father Villarasa taught until the arrival of Mother Louisa O'Neill and a band of nuns. The first English-speaking student to enter the priory there in 1852 was Thomas O'Neill, b. in 1832 at Dungannon, Co. Tyrone, Ireland. After his ordination he spent more than fifty years in missionary work in the houses of the Dominicans in California.Bishop Alemany devoted much time to meeting the many difficulties which the differences of ideas and forms held by the Catholics of English-speaking countries from those reared under the Spanish system occasioned. In this he was aided by several pioneer priests, notably the Rev. John Shanahan, who, ordained at Mt. St. Mary's, Emmitsburg, Maryland in 1823, after working many years in New York had gone out to California with the gold-seekers; Rev. Eugene O'Connell, and Rev. John McGinnis. Father O'Connell was born 18 June, 1815 in Co. Meath, Ireland, and ordained priest in 1842. When Bishop Alemany visited Ireland on his way home from Rome, he persuaded Father O'Connell, who was then a professor in All Hallows College, to come out to San Francisco and direct the diocesan seminary which he opened at once at Santa Inez. The bishop attended the first Plenary Council at Baltimore in May, 1852, and he was thus able to report substantial progress in his charge, with foundations of the Jesuits, Dominicans, Franciscans, Fathers of the Sacred Hearts, Sisters of Notre Dame, Sisters of St. Dominic, 31 churches, 38 priests and an estimated Catholic population of 40,000. A band of Sisters of Charity from Emmitsburg, Maryland arrived in August, 1852, and began their work in the schools. On 7 July, 1853 the bishop laid the cornerstone of St. Mary's Church, San Francisco, and having been notified of his elevation to the newly-created Archbishopric of San Francisco formally assumed the title 29 July, 1853. In order to obtain more priests and religious he sent Father Hugh P. Gallagher, who had gone to San Francisco from Pittsburg, Penn., to Ireland, where he succeeded in securing two bands of Presentation Nuns and Sisters of Mercy, who arrived at San Francisco 15 Nov., 1854. The Sisters of Mercy came from Kinsale, Co. Cork, and were led by the famous Mother Mary Baptist (Kate Russell) sister of Lord Russell of Killowen. After a life full of great utility, she died in Aug., 1898 at St. Mary's Hospital, San Francisco, which she founded and directed for more than forty years. Father Gallagher, who had edited a Catholic paper at Pittsburg, took up that work also in san Francisco, where he directed its first Catholic weekly, the "Catholic Standard". He was for many years rector of St. Mary's Cathedral. Among other pioneer priests should be mentioned Fathers John Ingoldsby, John Quinn, John McGinnis, Patrick Mackin, William Kenny, Richard Carroll, who was head of the Diocesan Seminary of St. Thomas Acquinas, Jame Croke, for a long period vicar-general, Peter Grey, and John Prendergast, also vicar-general.Progress was manifest in the rural sections, churches also springing up at Sacramento, Weaverville, Marysville, Grass Valley, Stockton, Placerville, San Mateo, Dalton, and Nevada. A Chinese priest, Father Kian, was even present (1854) for the benefit of his fellow-countrymen. The titles to the old mission property were also secured by legal action. In 1858 the archbishop visited Rome and on 15 July, 1862 convened the first diocesan synod, which was attended by forty-four priests. At this the decrees of the Baltimore Council were promulgated, and rules prescribed for the administration of the diocese. The year before the increase of churches in the northern section of the diocese prompted the Holy See to establish there a Vicariate Apostolic of Marysville and the Rev. Eugene O'Connell was appointed to take charge. He was consecrated titular Bishop of Flaviopolis, and Vicar Apostolic of Marysville, 3 Feb., 1861, in All Hallows College, Dublin, Ireland. He reached Marysville 8 June, and was inducted on the following day at St. Joseph's Pro-cathedral by Archbishop Alemany. He had only four priests in his vicariate, which included the territory from 39x to 40x N. lat. and from the Pacific Coast to the eastern boundary of Nevada. In 1868 the vicariate was erected into the Diocese of Grass Valley, and Bishop O'Connell was transferred to this title 3 Feb. of that year. On 28 May, 1884, the Diocese of Sacramento (q. v.) was created out of this Grass Valley district, with the addition of ten counties in California and one in Nevada, and Bishop O'Connell ruled it until 17 March, 1884, when he resigned and was made titular Bishop of Joppa. He died at Lost Angeles 4 Dec., 1891.The succeeding decades gave no respite to the activity and zeal of Archbishop Alemany in furthering the progress of the Church, and the weight of years and the stress of his long but willing toil began to tell on him. He asked for a coadjutor, and the Rev. Patrick William Riordan, pastor of St. James's Church, Chicago, was selected by the pope for the office. He was consecrated titular Bishop of Cabesa and coadjutor of San Francisco with right of succession, 16 Sept., 1883. Archbishop Alemany resigned the title of San Francisco 28 Dec., 1884 and retired to his native Spain, where he d. 14 April, 1888 at Valencia. When he resigned the diocese had 131 churches, 182 priests, 6 colleges, 18 academies, 5 asylums, 4 hospitals, and a Catholic population of about 220,000.Archbishop Patrick William Riordan, who immediately succeeded him, was born 27 Aug., 1841, at Chatham, New Brunswick. His early studies were made at Notre Dame University, Indiana, whence he went to Rome as one of the twelve students who formed the first class that opened the North American College, 7 Dec., 1859. From there he went to the University of Louvain, and received the degree of S.T.D. He was ordained priest at Mechlin, Belgium, 10 June, 1865 and returning to the United States was appointed professor of theology at the Seminary of St. Mary of the Lake, Chicago. Later he served as pastor at Joliet, Illinois, and in Chicago. At the outset of his administration he made the cause of Catholic education his special endeavour. There had been two earlier attempts to carry on a diocesan seminary. One had failed for lack of teachers, the other for want of pupils. In 1884 Archbishop Riordan made an appeal for a new seminary, and Mrs. Kate Johnson gave him 80 acres of fine land at Menlo Park. Here St. Patrick's Seminary, a large and elaborate building was erected and he gave its management to the Sulpicians. In Aug., 1887 he encouraged the Religious of the Sacred Heart who had come into the diocese in 1882, to begin their academy in the city and develop it into the flourishing institute that was transferred to Menlo Park in August, 1898. The Brothers of the Christian Schools in 1889 moved their St. Mary's College from Bernal Heights to Oakland. The college was started by the Reverend James Croke, V.G., in 1863, and for five years was managed by secular priests and laymen. In 1868 seven Brothers from New York under Brother Justin took over the care of the college, which was chartered by the State in 1872. The Brothers also started their Sacred Heart College in 1878.Archbishop Riordan brought in the Salesian Fathers to take care of the Italians in 1888, Father O. Franchi, a Genoese, being the first to arrive. In 1893 they were also given charge of the Portuguese colony in Oakland. The Paulist Congregation of New York were also invited into the diocese and given charge of Old St. Mary's Church. The archbishop took up the claim on Mexico for the arrears of the Pious Fund of the Californias (q. v.) due the diocese, and prosecuted it to a successful issue before the International Arbitration Tribunal at the Hague, where it was the first case tried. He was a delegate to the Hague in 1902. The English Capuchins were given charge of the scattered missions along the coast of Mendocino in August, 1903. In 1905 the archbishop presided over the golden jubilee of St. Ignatius's College and Church, which had been founded at San Francisco in 1855 by Father Anthony Maraschi, S.J.As his health failed Archbishop Riordan requested the appointment of a coadjutor, and the Right Rev. George Montgomery, Bishop of Monterey and Los Angeles, was elevated to the titular Archbishopric of Osino and made his coadjutor in January, 1903. He was born in Davies County, Kentucky, 30 Dec., 1847, and was ordained priest at Baltimore 20 Dec.,1879. He was chancellor of the Archdiocese of San Francisco when he was chosen for the See of Monterey, in which diocese his administration was most successful, especially in defending the rights of the Catholic Indians. He had just settled down as Archbishop Riordan's assistant, and that prelate had started on a tour for recuperation, when San Francisco was visited by the terrible calamity of the earthquake of 18 April, 1906, and its subsequent fire. Twelve churches were burned and their parishes absolutely wiped out of existence. In the burned district, along with the churches all the institutions, schools, asylums, hospitals, the great Jesuit church and College of St. Ignatius, and the Sacred Heart College of the Christian Brothers — were destroyed. Four churches in the city were wrecked by the earthquake, and others, including the cathedral and St. Patrick's Seminary at Menlo Park, more or less damaged. Happily no lives of priests, religious, or of children in their care were sacrificed. Archbishop Montgomery took a prominent and very active part in the rescue work that began at once, and Archbishop Riordan returned to the city and commenced the gigantic task of restoration which was rapidly accomplished in two or three years, aided by the generosity of the Catholic congregations of the United States, who sent more than $300,000 at once to the stricken diocese; this great exertion, however, had a debilitating effect on Archbishop Montgomery, who d. 10 Jan., 1907. (see MONTEREY AND LOS ANGELES, DIOCESE OF).On 24 Dec., 1908 Bishop Denis J. O'Connell was appointed auxiliary Bishop of San Francisco. Bishop O'Connell was born at Donoughmore, Co. Cork, Ireland, 28 Jan., 1849, and made his studies at the American College, Rome. After his ordination he carried the decrees of the last Plenary Council of Baltimore to Rome, and returned as secretary to Bishop Conroy, ablegate to Canada. He was made a domestic prelate 20 March, 1887, and rector of the American College, Rome, after the death of Mgr. Hostlot in 1884, and held that office until July, 1895, when he resigned, and acted as the vicar of Cardinal Gibbons for his titular church, S. Maria in Trastevere, Rome. He was appointed rector of the Catholic University, Washington, in 1903; on 3 May, 1908 was consecrated titular Bishop of Sebaste; and on 24 Dec., 1908 was appointed auxiliary Bishop of San Francisco. On 19 Jan., 1912 he was transferred from San Francisco to Richmond, Virginia, as successor to Bishop van de Vyver.StatisticsThe following religious are now established in the archdiocese (1911):Men:— Capuchin Fathers (Province of England), Mendocino; Ukiah. Dominican Fathers (Western Province), St. Dominic's, San Francisco; Antioch; Benicia; Martinez; Vallejo, Valona. Fathers of the Sacred Hearts (Belgium), Olema. Franciscan Fathers (St. Louis Province), St. Anthony's, St. Boniface's and Franciscan Monastery, San Francisco; St. Elizabeth's, Fruitvale; St. Turibius, Kelseyville, Lake Co. Jesuit Fathers (California Province), St. Ignatius's Church and College, San Franciscop; Los Gatos; San Jose; Santa Clara. Marist Fathers (American Province), Notre Dame, San Francisco. Paulist Fathers (New York), St. Mary's, San Francisco. Salesian Fathers from Turin, Italy, for the Italians, Sts. Peter and Paul, Corpus Christi Church, San Francisco; St. Joseph's Church (for the Portuguese), Oakland. Sulpician Fathers, St. Patrick's Seminary, Menlo Park. Christian Brothers (Province of San Francisco), Sacred Heart College, St. Peter's School, San Francisco; Martinez; St. Mary's College, St. Patrick's School, San Francisco, Oakland; St. Anthony's School, East Oakland; St. Joseph's Academy, Berkeley; St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, St. Vincent. Brothers of Mary (Eastern Province), St. James's and St. Joseph's Schools, San Francisco; Stockton; St. Joseph's School, San Francisco; Stockton; St. Joseph's Schools, San Jose; Agricultural School, Rutherford.Women:— Sisters of Charity (St. Louis, Missouri), Orphan Asylum, Infant Asylum, Technical and St. Vincent's Schools, Mary's Help Hospital, San Francisco; O'Connor Sanitarium, San Jose. Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Dubuque, Iowa), St. Bridget's School, San Francisco; Petaluma. Sisters of St. Dominic (Mission San José, California), Immaculate Conception Academy; St. Anthony's and St. Boniface's School, San Francisco; Fruitvale; Mission San Jose; Ukiah. Sisters of St. Dominic (San Rafael, California), Academy, San Rafael; St. Rose's Academy, St. Dominic"s and Sacred Heart Schools, San Francisco; San Leandro; Stockton; Vallejo; Academy and School, Benicia, Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Heart (Joliet, Illinois), St. Joseph's Hospital, San Francisco. Sisters of the Holy Cross (Notre Dame, Indiana), St. Charles's School, San Francisco. Sisters of the Holy Family (San Francisco), San Jose; Oakland. Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary (Hochelaga, Montreal, Province of Quebec), St. Joseph's, San Francisco; Convent of the Holy Names, Immaculate Conception School, St. Francis de Sales School, Sacred Heart School, Oakland. Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet (Los Angeles, California), St. Patrick's School and St. Joseph's Home, Oakland; Star of the Sea, San Francisco. Sisters of Mercy (San Francisco, California), mother-house and St. Mary's Hospital, St. Catherine's Home, St. Peter's School, San Francisco; school and academy, East Oakland; Home for the Aged, Fruitvale. Sisters of Mercy, Rio Vista; Sausalito. Sisters of Notre Dame (San José, California), mother-house, college, high school, institute, and 3 schools, San Jose; College and Mission Dolores School, San Francisco; Alameda; Redwood; Santa Clara; Saratoga. Presentation Nuns (San Francisco, California), mother-house, cathedral school, and 2 academies, San Francisco; Berkeley; Sonoma. Sisters of Charity of Providence (Montreal), hospital, Oakland. Little Sisters of the Poor (Chicago, Illinois), San Francisco; Oakland. Little Sisters of the Holy Family (Sherbrooke, Canada), St. Patrick's Seminary, Menlo Park. Helpers of the Holy Souls (Paris, France), San Francisco. Carmelite Sisters, San Francisco. Religious of the Sacred Heart (Chicago Province), San Francisco; Menlo Park. Ursuline Sisters (Santa Rosa, California), Santa Rosa; St. Helena.Archbishop, 1; secular priests, 206; priests of religious orders, 146; total, 352; churches with resident priest, 113; missions with churches, 63; total churches, 176; stations, 31; chapels, 57; seminary, 1; ecclesiastical students, 96; seminaries of religious orders, 3; colleges and academies for boys, 7; students, 340; academies for young ladies, 21; normal school, 1; females educated in higher branches, 5,000; parishes with parochial schools, 42; pupils, 17,000; orphan asylums, 4; orphans, 1,800; infant asylums, 1; inmates, 480; industrial and reform schools, 2; inmates,173; protectory for boys, 1; inmates, 90; total of young people under Catholic care, about 23,000; deaf-mute asylum, 1; hospitals, 6; homes for aged poor, 4; other charitable institutions, 2; baptisms, 7,957; deaths, 3,710; Catholic population, about 250,000.Bibliography, supplied by the Rev. Joseph M. Gleason: —MANUSCRIPTS: — In the Cathedral Archives, San Francisco: — Diary of Bishop Diego y Moreno, continued by Archbishop Alemany; A. S. Taylor MSS; Records of the Missions of San Francisco de Asis, San José, Santa Clara, San Francisco Solano, and San Rafael; Chancery Records.In the University of California: — Spanish and Mexican Archives of California (copies of the originals burnt in the San Francisco fire of 1906); Bancroft Collection of MSS.; Pioneer MSS.; Seville and Mexican Transcripts.Synodus Diocesana Sanct. Francisci Habita 1862 (San Francisco, 1872); Concilii Prov. S.F.; II, Acta et Decreta (San Francisco, 1883); GLEASON, Catholic Church in California (San Francisco, 1872); BANCROFT, History of California (San Francisco, 1885); GREY, Pioneer Times in California (San Francisco, 1881); CLINCH, California and Its Missions (San Francisco, 1904); HITTEL, History of San Francisco (San Francisco, 1878); ROYCE, California (Boston, 1886); DWINELLE, Colonial History of San Francisco (3rd ed., San Francisco, 1866); WILLEY, Transition Period of California (San Francisco, 1901); SHUCK, California Scrap Book (San Francisco, 1868); MOSES, Establishment of Municipal Government in San Francisco (Baltimore, 1889); BLACKMAR, Spanish Institutions of the South-west (Baltimore, 1891); RICHMAN, California under Spain and Mexico (Boston, 1911); MARRYAT, Mountains and Molehills (London, 1855); KELLY, The Diggings of California (London, 1852); DE SMET, Western Missions and Missionaries (New York, 1863); RIORDAN, The First Half-Century (San Francisco, 1905); ENGELHARDT, The Franciscans in California (Harbor Springs, 1897); ROSSI, Six Ans en Amerique (Californie et Oregon) (Paris, 1863); FRIGNET, La Californie (2nded., Paris, 1867); FERRY, La Nouvelle Californie (Paris, 1850); LEVY, Les Francais en Californie (San Francisco, 1884); MAGUIRE, The Irish in America (New York, 1868), xiii; SWASEY, Early Days and Men of California (San Francisco, 1894); QUIGLEY, The Irish Race in California (San Francisco, 1878); YORKE, Wendte Controversy (San Francisco, 1896); SHEA, Catholic Church in the United States (New York, 1892); GLEASON, Golden Jubilee of the Archdiocese of San Francisco (San Francisco, 1903); For. Rel. Of U. S., Append. II, Pious Fund of the Californias (documents) Washington, 1903); O'MEARA, Broderick and Gwin (San Francisco, 1881); the Local and County Histories of HALLEY, HALL, FRAZER, BOWEN, MENEFEE, etc.; Silver and Golden Jubilee Memorials of different religious orders of the Archdiocese; Society of California Pioneers, Annual Reports (San Francisco); California Historical Society, papers (San Francisco); Academy of Pacific Coast History, papers (San Francisco); Metropolitan Directory and Catholic Directory (1850-1911); Monitor (San Francisco), files; Freeman's Journal (New York 1850-60), files; Alta California (San Francisco), early files; Evening Bulletin (San Francisco), files, especially A. S. Taylor Papers; Evening Examiner (San Francisco), files, especially Phil. Roach Papers; Herald (San Francisco), early files; Dominicana (San Francisco), files; Overland Monthly (San Francisco), files; Grizzly Bear (San Francisco), files; all San Francisco newspapers (period following fire of 1906).THOMAS F. MEEHANTranscribed by Stan Walker For John and Grace Boyle — 16 February 1999
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII. — New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat. 1910.
Catholic encyclopedia.


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There are many types and dimensions available, including various capacities, hatches, doors and designs. One of the options that you have is to choose the type of fire view.
What other important points are there if you plan to buy a wood fire? What should you consider when installing a wood fire; how much capacity is necessary and how do you maintain the wood fire?
When you install a wood fire, you need a flue in your home or it must be possible to install a flue that complies with the wood fire that you purchased. A wood-burning fire often works with open combustion; the air for combustion in the fire comes from the room. The flue gasses are subsequently expelled through the flue. It is vital that the flue is installed by a qualified engineer and connects well to the fire. Get expert advice for this!
It is important to choose a wood fire that has the capacity to heat the space you want to heat. If the wood fire has too much capacity, the room will become unpleasantly hot and the combustion will no longer be appropriate. Check in advance how much capacity you need for your room or living space.
The air supply to the fire must remain clear of ash and you must be able to clean it easily by yourself. You must also be able to use special maintenance products to clean the hatch or door. The flue must also be swept regularly. It is essential to employ a chimney sweep to do the job. If you only use the fire for decorative purposes, then sweeping once per year is sufficient. If the wood fire is the primary or supplementary source of heat for your home, then sweeping more regularly is recommended.


text:
Abstract: This thesis presents the spring 2011 assessment for the University Writing Center at UNC
Asheville, a small liberal arts college in Western North Carolina. It includes the results of
a study that seeks to shift the focus of assessment in the University Writing Center from
operational goals to learning goals; it interprets data related to student writers' and
undergraduate consultants' perceptions of observable cognitive development activities
during typical writing center sessions. The study grew from the University Writing
Center's response to newly developed University Student Learning outcomes (USLOs)
and the University Mission Statement.
Meaningful assessment for improving writing center consultationsPDF (Portable Document Format)476 KBCreated on 12/1/2011Views: 10866
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Maintained by ERIT, University Libraries, UNCG


text:
Christian Conference to Feature Imam Fiesal, Gay Portland Mayor
Taking cultural conversations among Christians beyond the walls of the church, the Q Gathering that kicks off today in Portland will feature an unconventional line-up of speakers that includes evangelists, the city's gay mayor and the imam who was at the center of the controversial "Ground Zero mosque."
Gabe Lyons, who founded the event five years ago, will interview Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf of the "Ground Zero Mosque" Wednesday night at the event's venue inside the Crystal Ballroom.
In a recent blog post for Q, Lyons explained that one of the reasons he decided to invite Rauf to the Portland gathering was to address the "heightened tension among Christians and Muslims in America."
"Debates rage between our faith communities, and they aren't going away. Recent events such as Terry Jones' Koran burning and the 'Ground Zero Mosque' discussion have only exacerbated them," he wrote.
Lyons is hoping that serious dialogue will help Christians engage in these issues, even if it means listening to ideas they may not agree with.
"In our time together, I'll be seeking to understand what he believes and why," he said. "We're going to discuss many of his views that some might call 'radical,' and I'll ask him how he plans to square those with the larger American culture."
Portland mayor Sam Adams will also speak Wednesday night.
This is the fifth annual gathering for Q. Last year's event was held in Chicago with past venues including Atlanta; New York; and Austin, Texas.
The objective of the conference is to provide a place where Christian leaders can engage in thoughtful dialogue on how to renew and restore culture as God intended. Sessions explore how the Gospel might be practiced through various channels of culture in a post-Christian society.
Portland may be considered one of the most secular and liberal cities in the nation but that's why it makes such a good example for case study, according to Lyons.
"For too long Christians have looked at the Northwest as a bastion of godless liberalism, as if there are no people of faith there, but I believe there is no better place for us to be and to learn," the evangelical leader told The Oregonian.
"It represents what other cities may become, with fewer and fewer people identifying with a religion," he continued. "To see how faith leaders are responding to these dynamics is powerful."
The conference will include 45 speakers representing seven channels of culture: the church, education, the social sector, business, government, media, and arts and entertainment.
Other speakers include: Luis Palau, whose evangelistic organization is based in Portland; Rick McKinley, pastor of Imago Dei Community; and Wired Magazine co-founder Kevin Kelly.
On theWeb: http://www.qideas.org/


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|Personality wall clock
|14inches (Can be customized)
|Metal frame + PP clock face + ABS back plate + glass mirror
|As your requirements(ex.Red, white, black, blue, purple, brown, camel, green, yellow…)
|Within 15 or 30 days based on different quantity
|The creative clock face design, time is like being encrypted, making the original plain wall clock interesting. A variety of color choices, any combination with a unique home environment. PP (polypropylene) clock face, moisture-proof, corrosion-resistant, long-lasting bright. The sun movement, precise travel time, stable quality. The metal paint pointer, with a copper sleeve, is more suitable for the movement, and the rotation is more stable and more precise.
How to identify whether the wall clock is used for a good movement
1. Jumping seconds movement: the second hand is a jump and a jump. When you walk, there is a ticking sound. This is a common physical market. The relative cost of the movement is low. The movement manufacturing process is not too complicated. The most famous Taiwan Sun brand jump-second movement has the advantages of accurate travel time and low power consumption (1 battery can be used for more than one year). Many foreign orders are generally using a jump-second movement, which is also a very strange phenomenon. Because the domestic scanning movement is very common, the shortcoming of the second-second movement is that it has a ticking sound, not suitable for the bedroom, and a good quality scanning movement can be truly muted.
2, scanning the movement: the second hand is always walking. This product type needs to be subdivided into a good scanning movement and a poor quality scanning movement. The difference is still huge.
1 Ordinary scanning movement, the quality is poor, although there is no ticking when walking, but due to the internal circuit, the quality of the original used, the cleanliness of the production environment, the movement will produce a continuous rotation during the operation, Disadvantages: not silent, power consumption (1 battery needs to be replaced in 2-3 months).
2 domestic high-quality movement, the quality is relatively good, the coil is large enough, the appearance of the movement is also better, but after all, it is still made in China, the mute degree of the movement can not meet the requirements. The price of the movement is more expensive than the average scanning movement.
3 Taiwanese movement, advantages: moderate price, very good mute effect, can be really silent, low power consumption can be used for 1 year. The common movement brand, the Digo brand wall clock and some Taiwanese SHINFUKU movements used in foreign trade orders, and Taiwan's Sun brand movements, these two are relatively common Taiwanese movements.
3, the electric wave movement: also called the error-free movement, the working principle – the principle of the electric wave movement is similar to the principle of radio listening to the radio, but the movement used is not the ordinary quartz movement we usually know, and It is a movement that can receive the time signal from the radar tower and can accurately represent this time signal. We call it an electric wave movement, also called a radar movement. The radio clock provides the most accurate time for the consumer, with no more than one second of error in a million years. And can automatically choose daylight saving time and winter time. In addition to the gears and circuit boards of the ordinary movement, there are antennas for receiving signals and microcomputers for control. It can be said that it is a very precise clock movement. The first launch pad in China has also been established. I believe that in the next few years, the error-free movement will also enter the homes of ordinary people.
According to the above introduction, the movement made in Taiwan is the most suitable for everyone, the advantages are also very obvious, the real mute, low power consumption, the price is relatively real.


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If you are lucky enough to have a half ham, or even some ham hocks on sale from the market, you are on your way to making ham stock.
My 11-pound Farmer John half ham yielded dinner one night, lunches the next day, and several more big bags of ham slices that now reside in my freezer, awaiting their next use.
All that was left on the cutting board was a big, honkin' bone, and a bunch of fat and other scraps.
What does the frugal cook do? Make ham stock!
Recipe: How to Make Ham Stock
Summary: Don't throw out that ham bone! Cook it with a few vegetables and aromatics, and a few hours later you have ham stock for your soup, or to cook beans or lentils.
- 1 large ham bone (from a half ham) and any fat and scraps left from trimming your ham
- 12-16 cups water (approximate)
- 2 onions, peeled and halved
- 2-3 carrots, washed and cut into half (no need to peel)
- 2 celery ribs, leaves attached, cut in half
- 4 garlic cloves, peeled
- 10-15 peppercorns
- 6 whole cloves
- 2 bay leaves
- Place all ingredients in your largest slow cooker, adding enough water to cover the ham bone and fill the crock. Cook on high for 6-12 hours. The longer you cook it, the better it will be, so I recommend 12 hours if you can. Hint: Put it on after dinner one evening and let it cook all night while you sleep.
- Remove and discard ham bone and vegetables and spices. You can do this by fishing out the larger pieces with a slotted spoon, and straining the broth through a mesh strainer.
- Pour strained stock into one or more containers and refrigerate overnight. Once the stock cools, the fat will congeal on the top and it can be lifted off and thrown away. Label with title and date, and store in refrigerator 0r freezer. (Trust me, you won't remember what it is 6 months from now when you pull it out of the freezer.)
Quick notes
- If you would like to make concentrated stock, once it is done cooking in the slow cooker, you can transfer the liquid to a big pot and boil it further, uncovered, on the stove. Some of the liquid will evaporate and you will be left with concentrated stock. It might make it easier for you to store a reduced amount of liquid, and you can always add more water if you would like to restore it to a less concentrated version while using it.
- Never add more salt to ham stock. The ham is salty enough!
How to use ham stock
Use ham stock to:
- cook rice
- as the base for soup (split pea soup perhaps)
- to cook beans or lentils
- to cook your potatoes for mashed potatoes
- or anywhere you need stock with some hammy flavor
Preparation time: 5 minutes
Cooking time: 12 hours
Number of servings (yield): 8
Culinary tradition: USA (Traditional)
My rating
Farmer John supplied the ham for recipe testing.


text:
Whether you are looking to buy, build, remodel or maintain your home, you will find the right professional here. Search for HBA members below or contact the HBA office at 712.255.3852 to find out if someone is a member of our local association.
The Home Builders Association of Greater Siouxland:
- Promotes the professionalism of the building industry;
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- Strives to be proactive leaders and recognized as the voice of the building industry.
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Judge Royce C. Lamberth is the third judge to be removed from case by the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. The first two removals came in the federal government's Microsoft anti-trust case. One of them praised Lamberth. "He is a hero and should be treated as a hero," Stanley Sporkin, who retired in 2000, told The Washington Post. Lamberth, a former federal prosecutor, was appointed to the bench by the late president Ronald Reagan. He earns high marks from those who appear in his court, even those who are on the losing side of the stick. Everyone except the Bush administration, that is. The D.C. Circuit said Lamberth has sided too often against the Interior Department only to be reversed on appeal. Get the Story:
At U.S. Urging, Court Throws Lamberth Off Indian Case
(The Washington Post 7/12)
Appeals Panel Removes Judge Presiding Over Indian Lawsuit (The New York Times 7/12)
Judge removed after scathing order (The Oklahoman 7/12)
Appeals Court Removes Judge from Indian Trust Fund Case (The Los Angeles Times 7/12)
Federal judge removed from Indian trust case (AP 7/12)
Court Decisions:
Removal | IT
Relevant Links:
Indian Trust: Cobell v. Kempthorne - http://www.indiantrust.com
of Special Trustee - http://www.ost.doi.gov
Cobell v. Norton, Department of Justice - http://www.usdoj.gov/civil/cases/cobell/index.htm
Related Stories:
Lamberth removed from Cobell trust fund case
Cobell settlement
rumored to be in the billions (7/5)
Cobell rallies for support on trust fund
lawsuit (06/19)
Editorial: Give
Kempthorne a chance on Cobell (6/15)
Cobell files contempt charges against Kempthorne
Editorial: Dirk Kempthorne
arrives in Washington (6/13)
calls Cobell settlement 'reparations' (5/8)
Cobell: Settle Indian trust fund case for
billions (4/20)
Cobell to appear on
C-SPAN Washington Journal (4/12)
renews call for receiver as court hears case (4/12)
Cobell vows fight to resolve trust fund lawsuit
Cobell plans big showing on day
of court hearing (4/4)
Jodi Rave: Tribes
alarmed at trust reform initiative (4/3)
Cobell addresses trust fund mismanagement
Ross Swimmer: Indian trust not
about mismanagement (3/29)
Norton denies
fraud or major problem with trust (3/29)
GAO report warns of billions in lost oil, gas
royalties (3/29)
Witness list for
hearing on Indian Trust Reform Act (3/28)
DOI trust reform meeting set for Portland, Oregon
Kempthorne faces hot issues at
Interior Department (3/21)
DOI pressed
for more clarity on trust initiative (3/3)
Congress urged to settle Cobell lawsuit for
billions (03/02)
Listening Lounge: Joint
hearing on Cobell v. Norton (03/01)
Interior hits the road with new trust reform
initiative (02/08)
Jodi Rave: Garcia
calls for settlement of Cobell (2/3)
Cason slashes BIA budget and blames it on Cobell
Tribes discuss trust reform bill,
Cobell settlement (1/31)
Swimmer still not telling the truth on trust (1/26)
Opinion: Indians want $12B of 'YOUR' money
Cobell: Appeals court ruling a
favorable one (12/21)
Cobell team
awarded fees for lengthy court fight (12/21)
Ross Swimmer: No 'lump sum' settlement for Cobell
Attorney: Interior still not
living up to trust duties (12/19)
Report: Cason says termination of trust on the
table (12/16)
Still no agreement on
settlement to Cobell (12/9)
Audio: House
Resources hearing on Cobell (12/8)
Resources to hold hearing on Cobell (12/5)
Elouise Cobell: Lamberth frustrated with DOI
Judge Lamberth, the cowboy,
sides with Indians (11/28)
Settle Cobell trust fund lawsuit (11/25)
Cobell to press Interior on accounting mess
Cobell says government not off
the hook on trust fund (11/21)
accounting of Indian trust fund blocked (11/16)
Battle over Cobell trust fund case heats up
Appeals court considers bias
charges in Cobell lawsuit (10/17)
Another Cobell v. Norton hearing this week
Interior warned of computer
security risks again (09/30)
BIA is busy ... dumping trust records (09/29)
Opinion: A century of stalling on Indian trust
Editorial: Interior's
'self-serving' claims on trust (9/27)
Editorial: Lamberth now knows what termination is
like (9/23)
Trust fund records dumped by
federal records agency (9/22)
Time to get to bottom of trust fund woes (09/22)
Cobell plaintiffs: Swimmer to blame for trust
woes (09/20)
DOI spends $30K to produce
glossy report on trust (09/20)
court hears latest Cobell v. Norton dispute (09/19)
Commentary: Government cheating Indians on trust
fund (09/19)
Cobell willing to consider
land, payment schedule (09/16)
court delays Lamberth fairness complaint (09/16)
Lamberth has many fans but Interior not one of
them (09/15)
Ross Swimmer: Cobell suit
not about mismanagement (09/14)
Cobell v. Norton court hearings this week (09/13)
Swimmer disputes Cobell trust fund lawsuit
Cobell speaks to account holders
on Navajo Nation (9/2)
Editorial: Both
sides must work on trust reform bill (9/1)
Interior to negotiate with tribes on trust records
policy (08/30)
Cobell speaks to account
holders in Arizona (8/31)
Cobell blasts
effort against trust fund judge (8/29)
Cobell to update account holders on lawsuit
Editorial: Fix trust fund, don't
target Lamberth (8/18)
Norton wants
Lamberth taken off Cobell case (8/16)
Cobell Letter: Ross Swimmer can't tell the
truth (08/08)
Resolution of Cobell v.
Norton appears far away (08/05)
Editorial: McCain and Dorgan should fix trust
bill (08/04)
BLM CIO threatened with
demotion in Cobell case (08/02)
Country, Interior far apart on trust bill (08/01)
Editorial: Settlement of trust fund case at
hand (08/01)
Appeals court stays
Lamberth order on notices (07/29)
blasts Interior on handling of trust (7/13)
Elouise Cobell: Principles put trust back into
trust fund (07/07)
Cobell and Cason to
appear on C-SPAN program (7/6)
calls for settlement of trust fund lawsuit (7/5)
Editorial: Resolution of trust fund debacle needed
Editorial: Abramoff scandal can't
compare to trust (6/30)
Downfall of Indians traced to Army, BIA (6/28)
Pombo supports settlement of Cobell trust fund case
Harjo: Tribes lobby to fleece
their own people (6/24)
Congress should settle trust fund (6/24)
Editorial: Trust fund a 'national embarassment'
Indian Country united on trust
reform solutions (6/21)
Trust workgroup
to outline Cobell settlement goals (6/17)
Echohawk optimistic on settlement of Cobell
case (06/03)
Final trust reform meeting
held in North Dakota (6/3)
UTTC hosts
meeting on trust reform legislation (6/1)
House panel acts to restore Bush budget cuts
NCAI and ITMA hold second trust
reform meeting (05/04)
administration won't give up fight on Cobell (03/18)
McCain weighs GAO probe of Indian trust debacle
McCain lays out Indian agenda for
109th Congress (3/7)
Norton won't testify
on trust fund retaliation (2/28)
official won't accept claims of trust mismanagement (02/17)
Appeals court won't hold back Lamberth on trust
reform (12/13)
Appeals court supports
Lamberth's authority on IT (12/06)
Lamberth critical of Norton's 'bad faith' on trust
fund (10/25)
Interior denies attempt to
halt trust fund payments (10/05)
administration challenges trust fund ruling (09/16)
Appeals court takes on Cobell trust fund case
Lamberth exchanges harsh words
with Cobell critic (08/02)
administration calls for end to Cobell case (04/09)
Cobell trust fund suit mediators announced
Special master Balaran resigns from
Cobell lawsuit (04/06)
DOI's Internet
connection shut down for third time (03/16)
Lamberth defends special master against
attack (03/16)
Anderson praises
Cobell suit in NCAI speech (2/25)
Tribes still frustrated on trust reform
Bush officials blasted by
tribal leaders (11/19)
plaintiffs disputing trust fund rider (11/17)
Daschle criticizes 'shameful' rider in DOI
budget bill (11/04)
Norton welcomes
time-out in Cobell trust fund case (11/4)
Bush official balks at large
settlement for Cobell (7/10)
Court investigator slams Interior's
trust fund report (04/22)
Norton gets another day in court
Court looks into
TAAMS 'concealment' (11/07)
Court probes Norton's trust fund
report (10/11)
witness on TAAMS does damage (09/23)
Top trust reform official comes under
fire (05/21)
Feisty memos at
heart of trust reform feud (05/20)
On trust, the problems remain the
same (05/13)
A super
assistant secretary, in all but name (05/03)
Memo sounded early warning on TAAMS
Trust system takes center
stage in contempt (2/1)
Trust reform update sheds some
light (1/22)
Norton: Trust
reform blueprint 'obsolete' (1/18)
Under watch of Swimmer, TAAMS
halted (1/18)
Norton signs
trust reform update (1/17)
Witness testifies against software
corruption (1/15)
The Titanic Failure (12/20)
TAAMS failure traced to promoted
manager (12/20)
ordered to submit trust fund report (12/18)
Official: Trust fund fix at 'great risk'
of failure (10/10)
Solicitor's order was 'intimidating' (10/10)
Interior delaying trust reform report
Cobell Lawsuit & Settlement
Lamberth is third judge removed by D.C. Circuit
Wednesday, July 12, 2006
Stay Connected
Contact email@example.com
Top Stories
Trending in News
1 Tribes rush to respond to new coronavirus emergency created by Trump administration
2 'At this rate the entire tribe will be extinct': Zuni Pueblo sees COVID-19 cases double as first death is confirmed
3 Arne Vainio: 'A great sickness has been visited upon us as human beings'
4 Arne Vainio: Zoongide'iwin is the Ojibwe word for courage
5 Cayuga Nation's division leads to a 'human rights catastrophe'
2 'At this rate the entire tribe will be extinct': Zuni Pueblo sees COVID-19 cases double as first death is confirmed
3 Arne Vainio: 'A great sickness has been visited upon us as human beings'
4 Arne Vainio: Zoongide'iwin is the Ojibwe word for courage
5 Cayuga Nation's division leads to a 'human rights catastrophe'
More Stories Indian gaming industry grows to $23 billion business
New Kickapoo Tribe leaders finally sworn into office
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text:
2017 Average Costs For HVAC
Completed Projects
Your house consists of a lot of moving parts and machines. Between lighting fixtures, appliances, your foundation, plumbing, and more, there seems to be a never-ending list of things that you need to ensure stay properly maintained and up to snuff. However, among all of these things that you need to look after, your home's HVAC system is easily one of the most important ones that should be at the top of your priority list. Having an HVAC in Eielson Afb is quite common, and because so many people have them, the business of companies that have an HVAC contractor in Eielson Afb has grown at a tremendous rate.
HVAC in Eielson Afb, AK
Dependable HVAC in Eielson Afb AK
Trained and Licensed Technicians
Same Day Appraisals in Alaska
While there may be a lot of different companies to choose from, only Furthur professionals are the most experienced and well trusted among all of their competitors.
Furthur professionals have offered HVAC supply is Eielson Afb for longer than anyone else in the area, so when you hire an HVAC contractor in Eielson Afb, you'll want to ensure that they are a Furthur professional. The level of expertise and friendliness that you get with a Furthur professional is truly second to none and is absolutely unmatched by all of their competitors. Some folks may offer your lower prices, but if you need work done on your HVAC in Eielson Afb, only a Furthur professional has the top quality work that you're looking for.
What zipcode
do YOU NEED
HVAC Companies in?
2016 Average Costs For HVAC
FAQ for HVAC in Eielson Afb
Can I fix my own HVAC in Eielson Afb?
Nowadays, an HVAC in Eielson Afb comes with a complex, sophisticated system. Because of this, the repair will also require a special diagnostic equipment that you most probably don't have unless you are an expert on HVAC repair. The repair of HVAC systems must only be done by a specialist. You, inexperienced personnel, and weekend handymen should not perform repair procedures because aside from having no skills and the necessary equipment, there might also be instances wherein you or the amateur causes more damage to the system instead of repairing it. Once the damage is done, you can potentially leave your HVAC system irreparable. As soon as you notice that your home's HVAC system in Eielson Afb is malfunctioning, seek the help of professionals immediately.
Why do air ducts require regular cleaning? Can I do it on my own?
Air ducts need to be cleaned because there are dust, debris, and bacteria that accumulate in them. They can be totally eradicated with an air duct cleaning service from a professional. It can also leave your home free from air pollution. Cleaned air ducts can improve the quality of your home's indoor air. In turn, you have a cleaner and safer environment for your family. What's more, a clean air duct can significantly lower your monthly heating and cooling bills.
When do I have to replace my home's air conditioning unit?
Older AC models that are more than ten years old are not just noisy and oversized but they are also energy inefficient. They are extremely expensive too because they will require a lot of repairs and maintenance checks. If you upgrade to a newer, more energy efficient AC unit, your monthly utility bills will decrease and you will also be able to save some cash because your new unit will come with a manufacturer's warranty.
Fairbanks Fuel412 E Van Horn Rd Fairbanks, AK 99701
C Company1285 Great View Ln Fairbanks, AK 99712
Arctic Air Purifier2929 Repp Rd North Pole, AK 99705
Blue Star Heating1128 Holmes Rd North Pole, AK 99705
Aaron Plumbing & Heating2143 Standard Ave Fairbanks, AK 99701
Anton Enterprises729 15th Ave Fairbanks, AK 99701


text:
Woman Dies After Puking From Moving Vehicle and Hitting Her Head
Amanda Ezra, a mother of three from Mishawaka, Ind., died yesterday after hitting her head on an unidentified object while vomiting out the front window of a moving minivan. She was 24.
Said Michelle Lyman, a neighbor:
"You've got a 24-year-old child you've raised to be a young adult and has their whole life ahead of them, and it's snuffed out because of a decision that was made and because they were in the wrong place at the wrong time."
Ezra had been drinking, and police believe she was sitting on the driver's lap. The driver, a man in his 20s, allegedly fled with another passenger after the accident. He was arrested for driving while intoxicated, causing serious bodily injury, and leaving the scene of an accident.


text:
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