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Stefano degli Angeli
Quick Info
Venice, Venetian States (now Italy)
Venice, Venetian States (now Italy)
BiographyStephano degli Angeli was in fact named Francesco degli Angeli as a child but later changed his name when entering a religious order. He entered the Order of the Jesuati (or Jesuate or Gesuati) which had been founded by Giovanni Colombini from Siena in 1365 at Città di Castello. Since the Order had a major influence on Angeli's life and mathematics, we should say a little about it. The name of the Order comes from the fact that members said "Praise be to Jesus Christ" at all times but their special devotion to Saint Jerome explained the longer name "Apostolic Clerics of St Jerome". The Order received the approval of the Roman Catholic Church from Pope Urban V in 1367. They were devoted to charity work and caring for the sick, while every day they would beat themselves to inflict pain. The Order, whose rules were originally based on those of St Benedict, flourished spreading rapidly throughout Italy. Later the Rule of St Augustine was adopted and in 1606 priests were allowed into the Order.
What would Angeli have worn as a Jesuati? Certainly he wore a white habit with a dark leather belt and sandals on his feet. He would have had little in the way of worldly possessions. After being educated within the Order he then taught literature, philosophy and theology in the Faculty of the Gesuati Order at Ferrara from 1644. His health, however, was poor and he was given medical advice to transfer to Bologna, which is about 50 km south west, in 1645. It might seem strange medical advice to move to another town only 50 km away, but in fact Ferrara is situated on marshland whereas Bologna is situated at a height of 55 metres above sea level at the foot of the Apennine mountains. It was a good move in terms of Angeli's health, and also a good move for mathematics since in Bologna he came under the influence of Cavalieri. Cavalieri was also in the Order of the Jesuati so the two naturally came in contact. Cavalieri was teaching at the University of Bologna, one of the oldest and most famous universities in Europe, dating from the 11th century. At the time that Angeli was there the university was situated in the Archiginnasio Palace which had been built by Pius IV in 1562 [1]:-
Cavalieri was soon able to appreciate Angeli's ability, and encouraged him in his studies and mathematical researches.After leaving Bologna, Angeli continued his contacts with Cavalieri by correspondence, and was entrusted to publish Cavalieri's final work, Exercitationes geometricae sex Ⓣ, since by 1647 Cavalieri's health had deteriorated to such an extent that he was unable to carry out the work himself. Angeli also corresponded with a number of other mathematicians including Torricelli and Viviani. After Cavalieri's death, later in 1647, Angeli was offered his chair of mathematics at the University of Bologna but he was still too modest about his own mathematical achievements to accept the position. He moved to Rome where he devoted himself to both mathematics and religious studies.
Angeli was Rector of a Jesuati Order religious establishment in Rome from 1647 to 1652. Then he moved to a Jesuati monastery in Venice but, shortly after going to Venice, he was appointed as provincial definer for the Jesuati Order. In addition to this religious role he continued to be heavily involved in teaching and research in mathematics and he was appointed professor of mathematics at University of Padua on 2 January 1662. James Gregory studied with Angeli in Padua from 1664 to 1668 and learnt from him about series expansions of functions. In fact the Jesuati Order was suppressed in 1668 by Pope Clement IX who believed that abuses had crept in over the years, but Angeli continued in the priesthood while holding the chair of mathematics at Padua. He remained in this chair until his death in 1697.
Angeli's many mathematical works were on infinitesimals and he used them to study spirals, parabolas and hyperbolas. While in Venice he published De infinitorum parabolis Ⓣ (1654), De infinitorum spiralium spatiorum mensura Ⓣ (1660) which contains a generalisation of Archimedes' spiral, and De infinitorum cochlearum mensuris ac centris gravitatis Ⓣ (1661) which carries out Torricelli's intention of finding the centre of gravity of a solid body called a cochlea. The approach followed by Angeli in all these works is that of his teacher Cavalieri and of Torricelli, so when Guldin and Tacquet attacked these methods and defended the approach of the ancient Greeks, Angeli disputed with them over indivisibles. One has to see both sides in this argument for although Angeli's methods were much more powerful, they were less rigorous than the method of exhaustion adopted by Archimedes. The gist of the argument is contained in the introduction to De infinitorum parabolis Ⓣ [1]:-
To those who opposed Cavalieri's method by asserting that the continuous is not composed of indivisibles, Angeli replied, in agreement with his master, that the method in question does not depend on the composition of the continuous.Angeli examined fluid statics based on Archimedes' principle and Torricelli's experiments. He published Della gravita dell aria e fluidi in 1671 while holding the chair at Padua. He also considered the motion bodies falling towards a rotating Earth. Of course Angeli held the chair at Padua which had been held earlier by Galileo and his work shows strong influences from his predecessor. For example Angeli often refers to Galileo in his writings on physics, showing clearly how he has been influenced, particularly in terms of ways of approaching problems via the experimental method. Also clearly influenced by Galileo is Angeli's writings on the two systems of Ptolemy and Copernicus which he writes in Galileo's dialogue style.
References (show)
- E Carruccio, Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990).
See THIS LINK.
- J E Montucla, Histoire des Mathématique (Paris, 1758).
- M Gliozzi, Angeli, Stefano degli, Dizionario biografico degli Italiani 3 (1961), 205-206.
- L Tenca, Su una svista di stampa in 'de Dimensione Parabolae' di Evangelista Torricelli notata da Stefano Angeli, Boll. Un. Mat. Ital. (3) 11 (1956), 258-259.
- L Tenca, Relazioni fra Stefano Angeli e Vincenzio Viviani, Ist. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti. Atti 112 (1954), 1-15.
Additional Resources (show)
Other websites about Stephano degli Angeli:
Cross-references (show)
Written by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update August 2006
Last Update August 2006


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English 2001: Introduction to Literature I Fiction
Together, we will learn the elements of fiction and practice close reading through various short stories and two post-apocalyptic novels that explore notions of identity, storytelling, and imagining other possibilities/worlds. In particular, we will consider how the texts' settings constrain their narrators, and how these narrators make sense—through language—of their lives when they don't always have control over what happens to them. We will pay close attention to how these narrators constantly revisit, revise, and re-imagine their stories, blurring the lines between fiction and fact, and re-shaping the plots, themselves, and their worlds in the process.
"Analysis and critical understanding of selected fiction. Exams and essays based on readings."

subset: commoncrawl


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The punk metal act Converge were formed in the winter of 1990-1991, and after several singles, compilation appearances, and the requisite growing pains, they released their first full-length effort, Halo in a Haystack, in 1994. The Boston-based quartet was initially comprised of vocalist/visual artist Jacob Bannon, guitarist Kurt Ballou, bassist Jeff Feinburg, and drummer Damon Bellorado, with second guitarist Aaron Dalbec joining in 1994 (he later left in 2001 without being replaced). Over the years, the band also found time to lend out members to various side projects, including Kingdom of the Sun, Old Man Gloom, and Kid Kilowatt (the short-lived band that also included members of Cave In).
Hydra Head issued Caring and Killing in 1996, which gathered tracks released during the band's infancy, followed a year later by Petitioning the Empty Sky, which was released by the independent label Equal Vision. Cave In's Stephen Brodsky replaced bassist Feinburg in 1997 as well, and by the release of 1998's When Forever Comes Crashing, Converge had proved themselves a force to be reckoned with in the hardcore-metal scene. Brodsky left the band that same year and was replaced by bassist Nate Newton; Bellorado likewise exited in 1999 and, soon enough, the band had welcomed drummer Ben Koller into the fray. A split with Japan's Hellchild appeared in 2001 through Death Wish, Inc. (which Bannon co-owned) before Converge's ever-growing reputation among fans and critics was cemented even further with the release of the band's fourth official full-length, the highly acclaimed metal masterpiece Jane Doe.
Converge were by now regarded as one of the most original and innovative bands to emerge from the punk underground. Trudging along, the musicians during that time played over 600 shows with varying success -- their hard work made it possible for them to retain their cult status within the punk underground without the kind of commercial success that has vaulted other punk bands into the middle of alternative rock radio and press. Rare and out of print tracks were next collected together for 2003's Unloved and Weeded Out compilation before Converge returned the following year with another studio album, You Fail Me, which marked the band's first for Epitaph. Always reliable and consistently brutal, Bannon, Ballou, Koller, and Newton were back after more rounds of touring by October 2006 with No Heroes, followed three years later by Axe to Fall. The latter album found Converge working collaboratively with members of Cave In, Neurosis, and the Red Chord. In 2012 the band released its eighth studio album, All We Love We Leave Behind.
Stacia Proefrock
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Robotic Prostatectomy
An advanced surgical procedure
Referred to by many as robotic surgery for prostate cancer or robotic prostatectomy, our robotic-assisted, minimally invasive surgery is quickly becoming the preferred treatment for removal of the prostate following early diagnosis of prostate cancer. In fact, studies suggest that robotic-assisted prostatectomy may be the most effective, least-invasive prostate surgery performed today.1
Any diagnosis of cancer can be traumatic. The good news is that if your doctor recommends prostate surgery, the cancer was probably caught early. And, with robotic-assisted prostatectomy, the likelihood of a complete recovery from prostate cancer without long-term side effects is, for most patients, better than it has ever been.
At Adventist Health Portland, robotic-assisted prostatectomy is performed with the assistance of the da Vinci Surgical System — the latest evolution in robotics technology. The robotic-assisted surgery system enables surgeons to operate with unmatched precision and control using only a few small incisions. Recent studies suggest that robotic-assisted prostatectomy may offer improved cancer control and a faster return to potency and continence.1
Robotic-assisted prostatectomy also offers these potential benefits:
- Significantly less pain
- Less blood loss
- Fewer complications
- Less scarring
- A shorter hospital stay
- And a faster return to normal daily activities
If you are a candidate for prostate surgery, talk to a surgeon who performs robotic-assisted prostatectomy. Call us at (503) 251-6270 for a referral.
1. Most effective minimally invasive surgery in terms of cancer control, potency and continence, cancer control being defined in part by margin rates and PSA test scores. The following studies provide support for da Vinci prostatectomy's effectiveness in these three areas: Ahlering TE, Woo D, Eichel L, Lee DI, Edwards R, Skarecky DW. Robot-assisted versus open radical prostatectomy: a comparison of one surgeon's outcomes. Urology. 2004 May;63(5):819-22. Menon M, Tewari A, Peabody JO, Shrivastava A, Kaul S, Bhandari A, Hemal AK. Vattikuti Institute prostatectomy, a technique of robotic radical prostatectomy for management of localized carcinoma of the prostate: experience of over 1100 cases. Urol Clin North Am. 2004 Nov;31(4):701-17. Tewari A, Srivasatava A, Menon M; Members of the VIP Team. A prospective comparison of radical retropubic and robot-assisted prostatectomy: experience in one institution. BJU Int. 2003 Aug;92(3):205-10. Please also see the Clinical References section of the site for additional clinical support.


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The master and founder of the innovative and groundbreaking technique Rigitulle, where perforated metal is combined with metal tubing, Mathieu Matégot, designed his tea trolley between 1953 and 1954.
The spacious Matégot Trolley is adorned with two trays, the upper available in the different colours and the lower in black and includes a newspaper holder that proves, with its bent metal design, the techniques strength of being flexible as tulle and strong as metal. The lightness it evokes is improved by its rolling castors and makes it float along the floor.
Mathieu Matégot (1910 - 2001) was a Hungarian designer and architect. After studying at Budapest's school of art and architecture, he settled in France in 1931. He was a volunteer in the French army, was captured and not released until 1944. After returning home, he started producing handmade furniture in Paris. Matégot's organic forms and lightness of touch create a sense of joy and the ground breaking and innovative techniques that he applied resulted in unique aesthetics and furniture designs. He was the first person to combine metal tubing with perforated sheet metal; ritigulle, a technique he patented and also a pairing that particularly characterizes his work.
Like many of his peers Mategot travelled the world in search of inspiration, techniques and upon return transformed these impressions into his own unique designs and interpretations. Wether it was industrial processes or aesthetics, he always collected and interpreted - he even patented and set up his own production to apply these new technologies into his designs, He was a true innovator of his time!
In the 1950's - also the one decade - that he devoted to the design of furniture and interior accessories, he created a wide range of distinctive designs that today is considered iconic and contemporary. To ensure quality in the production of his own designs - Matégot set up two of his own workshops - Société Mategot, one in Paris that employed up to twenty workers and a second in Casablanca, Morocco. Both manufactured in limited numbers for up to 200 items and continued until 1959 when Mategot abruptly ended his production and began his work on tapestry, which he would continue for the rest of his career.
At GUBI, we're on a continual quest. A journey. Fuelled by our passion to discover overlooked icons from the past and future icons in the making, we've made a distinctive name for ourselves in the international design arena as a dynamic design force to be reckoned with.


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Fruit of the Spirit - HomeWord - July 12, 2016
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- 2016 Jul 12
Fruit of the Spirit
This devotional was written by Kelly McFadden
But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law. —Galatians 5:22-23
Summer is one of my favorite times of year. Not simply for the longer days and warmer weather, but also for summer fruit. I love going into the grocery store, seeing the produce aisle stocked with a smorgasbord of delicious, brightly colored fruit and bringing some home for my family to enjoy.
The book of Galatians talks about spiritual fruit. These "fruits," love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control are characteristics we hope for in ourselves but also look to receive from others. Similar to summer fruit in the produce aisle — these spiritual fruit are appealing and refreshing both when others encounter them in our lives and when we encounter them in others' lives.
For Christians, the fruit of the Spirit comes in a complete set. When you believe and the Holy Spirit is working in you, others should see this fruit daily growing in you. Not just one piece, but all. It's not like going shopping and picking out only two kinds of fruit; we get the party pack – all nine fruits of the Spirit. These are natural characteristics of Jesus that he gives to us through the Holy Spirit. They are fruit we should seek to grow.
A part of being a Christian means growing each attribute. We all have opportunities each day to demonstrate and put these fruits to practice. Each day, we can choose to display these spiritual fruit to others around us. The more we do that, the more those around us will see Jesus apparent in our life.
1. What fruit of the Spirit do you find lacking in your life right now? Pray and ask the Lord to increase that area in your life.
2. Think through a typical day. How do these qualities help you to demonstrate Jesus in your day-to-day life?
John 15:4-5; Ephesians 5:8-9; 1 John 4:7-8
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Obama's Grandmother Passes Away
Madelyn Dunham, Barack Obama's grandmother, has passed away after a bout with cancer.
Obama suspended his campaign on October 23 to fly to Honolulu, Hawaii and visit her. Madelyn was 86.
Barack Obama and his sister, Maya Soetoro-Ng, issued the following statement ...
"It is with great sadness that we announce that our grandmother, Madelyn Dunham, has died peacefully after a battle with cancer. She was the cornerstone of our family, and a woman of extraordinary accomplishment, strength, and humility. She was the person who encouraged and allowed us to take chances. She was proud of her grandchildren and great-grandchildren and left this world with the knowledge that her impact on all of us was meaningful and enduring. Our debt to her is beyond measure.
Our family wants to thank all of those who sent flowers, cards, well-wishes, and prayers during this difficult time. It brought our grandmother and us great comfort. Our grandmother was a private woman, and we will respect her wish for a small private ceremony to be held at a later date. In lieu of flowers, we ask that you make a donation to any worthy organization in search of a cure for cancer."


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The new E101 and E82 turbines will have capacities of 3.05MW and 2.35MW respectively. The original E82 (2MW) and E101 (3MW) platforms were designed for class II locations.
Enercon said the new E82 would be available next year, with the E101 following in 2016. The turbines will come with a variety of options, both in terms of tower and grid-connection configuration.
The machines will be targeted outside of Enercon's core German market. According to Enercon's sales director Stefan Lütkemayer, the decision to launch the new turbine was brought on by customer demand.
Despite an increasing focus on low wind machines and a lack of availability of high wind sites, the need for repowering means manufacturers are still looking at high wind turbines.
Late last year, Vestas launched a new 3.3MW turbine for high-wind onshore sites, aimed at markets with tip-height restrictions such as the UK and Ireland.
The V105-3.3MW is based on the company's existing medium-wind model, the V112-3MW, with the same nacelle, hub and drivetrain.
The shorter 51.5-metre blades are also developed from the same technology as the 55-metre blades for the V112.


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Worse Than Watergate
Let me offer a word in defense of Alberto R. Gonzales now that a majority of U.S. senators, including six Republicans, are poised to demand his resignation as the nation's top law enforcement officer. The breaking point was last week's revelation by former Deputy Attorney General James B. Comey that Gonzales paid a rude nighttime visit to then-U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft's intensive-care hospital room.
The goal of bursting into the hospital and alarming Ashcroft's wife, in a scene reminiscent of "The Godfather," was to obtain the signature of the semiconscious attorney general upon a document renewing an electronic eavesdropping program that Ashcroft's Justice Department had concluded was not legal.
Gonzales had lied about this secret program in Senate testimony when he claimed that it was not regarded as controversial within the administration; actually, it was so controversial that officials at Justice, from the attorney general to the FBI director, had threatened to resign in protest if it were renewed.
But don't blame Gonzales; he's just another lightweight zealot exploited by the Cheney White House. Not that Gonzales isn't a thoroughly loathsome character deserving of Senate rebuke and worse. He has been party to dragging this nation down in the eyes of the world, ordering and justifying torture while shredding the limitations on imperious governance that have been the hallmark of American liberty.
Yet while the man has been associated with a pernicious assault on our freedoms, he has never been the independent actor, but rather a dutiful toady carrying out the wishes of a tightly monitored White House with the blessings of the president.
That Gonzales was doing the Bush administration's bidding, authorized on the highest level, was well documented in last week's Senate hearing. Gonzales was accompanied by then White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card in his nighttime assault on Ashcroft's hospital room -- a surprise visit which, according to Comey's testimony, was most likely facilitated by a call from the president to Ashcroft's wife, who stood in frightened vigil over her husband's semicomatose body. After a suddenly alert Ashcroft managed to lift his head from the pillow and condemn their chicanery before lapsing back into semiconsciousness, it was Card who ordered Comey to go immediately to the White House that night for a dressing down for opposing the president. And President Bush had a private meeting with Comey the next morning to prevent his imminent resignation, as well as that of the head of the FBI and other top Justice Department officials, including Ashcroft.
In the most damning moment of his testimony, Comey recounted how Ashcroft's wife, who had banned all visitors from her husband's room, called the attorney general's chief of staff, alarmed that she had received a call from the White House informing her that Gonzales and Card were on their way to the hospital.
"I was very upset," Comey recalled. "I thought I had just witnessed an effort to take advantage of a very sick man." When asked if he had an idea where the call came from, Comey testified: "I have some recollection that the call was from the president himself, but I don't know that for sure. It came from the White House." In any case, the president clearly didn't disapprove of Gonzales' tactics, because he subsequently promoted him to attorney general.
Comey was a highly respected prosecutor before being appointed by Bush to the No. 2 spot at the Justice Department. It should have alarmed Bush that Comey was so worried about Gonzales' thuggish behavior that he asked FBI Director Robert Mueller to instruct his agents at the hospital not to allow Gonzales to remove Comey from the room, and that Comey would not meet with the White House staff after this incident unless Solicitor General Theodore Olson was present as a witness.
Having researched and written scenes for Oliver Stone's movie "Nixon," a devastating portrait of what we then presumed was the low point in the history of the American presidency, I can well predict the good use that a future screenwriter will make of this hospital scene to document the frightening reality, first effectively outlined in a book by John Dean, that the assault on American representative democracy during the Bush years has been "Worse Than Watergate."
Dean was the White House counsel who broke with Nixon over that president's betrayal of the U.S. Constitution and who revealed the truth in a subsequent Senate hearing. By contrast, as Bush's counsel, Gonzales eagerly abetted White House crime, lied to the Senate and was rewarded for that behavior. The real culprit here, as in Watergate, is the president of the United States.


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Adoption Home Study Process
New Jersey Home Study Process
Unfortunately, you do not live in a state in which American Adoptions provides home study services.
American Adoptions has partnered with 1-800-HomeStudy to aid families living in areas in which American Adoptions does not provide these services. Please visit 1-800-HomeStudy for a listing of qualified New Jersey home study providers or complete the following form and you will be contacted by providers in your area.
If you would like to learn more about our nationwide adoption programs, please click here.
If you are ready to join American Adoptions, please click here.
Read our privacy policy.


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hail delays
room at the clearview arts hotel
yay fancy toiletries
german governor's house
Zhan Qiao pier, appears on all bottles of qingdao. ren shan ren hai!
pier detail
countdown to the Chinese National Games
sculpture in may 4th square
sculpure detail
sailing boat
kite man
famous man sculpture!
clearview arts hotel
along the margin of the bay
mao stayed next door...
distinctive dumplings
wedding pancakes
more wedding photos
tsingtao brewery!
beer street
big beer can
tsingtao signs
old poster
mystic yeast
tsingtao products
boats in the background


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National Democrats doubling down on two suburban congressional contests
Posted by Joseph Ryan and Ray Gibson at 9:40 p.m.
National Democrats have doubled down in two closely-watched suburban congressional races, spending nearly $1 million for TV ad time with little more than a week left before voters hit the polls.
The cable and broadcast ads are aimed at reinforcing U.S. Rep. Bill Foster against a Republican challenge in the far western suburbs and pushing Democrat Dan Seals into a GOP-held seat on the North Shore.
Continue reading "National Democrats doubling down on two suburban congressional contests" »


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Climbing Current Issue Design Plastic Back Merit Badge [MB-126]
Climbing Current Issue Design Plastic Back Merit Badge [MB-126]
About Santeeswapper:This merit badge is the current design sold in the Scout Shop. The backing is a plastic backing from the modern era. I am not attempting to identify the color or style of backing. I will not respond to requests to choose specific backing styles. The purpose of this listing is to allow a unit to find an inexpensive MB to award to a Scout. After all a Scout is Thrifty! I started on eBay in November of 1998 and during that time I've received tens of thousands of positive feedback ratings from happy customers. You can buy with confidence when you are dealing with a professional collectibles seller.
Payment, Shipping & Returns: My policy is outlined at the top of the store page in great detail."
Questions: Feel free to reach out using the chat box feature on the website. You can also get my contact information from the payment policy page.


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Amenities:House is for non-smokers: Y
Surface area of house: 65
Year in which the accommodation was built: 2018
Sauna: Y
Garden furniture: Y
Cooker: E
Garage or parking place: S
No-pets version possible: Y
CD-player: Y
Vacuum cleaner: Y
Dishwasher: Y
Stringent: No charges will be levied if booking is canceled 61 days prior to check-in. If cancellation is done between 30 to 60 days prior to check-in, 50% of the total booking amount will be charged. Post that, there will be no refund.
Loud Music not allowed. Smoking inside Property not allowed.


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Kate Winslet Splits with Sam Mendes
Kate Winslet and her husband of nearly seven years, director Sam Mendes, have split.
"Kate and Sam are saddened to announce that they separated earlier this year," their lawyers said in a statement (via People). "The split is entirely amicable and is by mutual agreement. Both parties are fully committed to the future joint parenting of their children."
The couple married in 2003 and have a six-year-old son, Joe, together. Kate also has a nine-year-old daughter, Mia, from a previous marriage.


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Return of the student army
Anger at education cuts is still strong. Photo: Selena Sheridan, under a CC License.
Two years ago, on 10 November 2010, young people took to the London streets. Angry at the cuts to educational funding instigated by the British coalition government, 50,000 joined the ranks of the 'Demolition' march, which was organized by the National Union of Students (NUS) and the University and College Union.
The planned hike in tuition fees to £9,000 ($14,379) a year, cuts to university funding and the scrapping of educational maintenance allowance (EMA) for those in Further Education had stoked their fury. The stinging betrayal of young voters by Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg who, before he became deputy prime minister, had promised to oppose a fees rise, made matters worse.
Demolition came to a head outside the Conservative Party headquarters on Millbank as a small group broke away from the main march. Hundreds of people gathered outside the building, chanting and cheering, while others surged through the doors.
Most of the mainstream press reported variations on 'an ugly turn to a peaceful demo,' complete with 'riot porn' photographs. But Millbank was about more than smashed windows. People wanted to be heard at the door of the people who they felt were to blame – far more empowering than a polite march from A to B. After all, before the 2010 general election Clegg himself had warned of 'Greek-style unrest' over cuts. Why was anyone surprised?
Despite the subsequent distancing-move by the NUS, (then leader Aaron Porter dropped his previous 'support' for direct action like a hot potato after Millbank), November 2010 was the start of something.
The anti-cuts movement, which had been growing since the start of the academic year, continued over the following months with national protests, university occupations and class walkouts. Kettling became a routine police tactic at demonstrations and by November 2011 there was the threat of rubber bullets. As the months wore on, the numbers of people on the streets dwindled, partly weakened by the transient nature of the student population. The former is one of the biggest challenges for education campaigners – every year the movement needs to be regrown and strengthened.
But the economic assault on education and young people has not let up. For courses starting this autumn, there was an 8.9 per cent drop in applications – arguably due to a lack of graduate jobs as well as the crippling cost. A debt of tens of thousands of pounds is considered the norm. For the first time in 50 years, young people in Britain are expected to have a lower standard of living than their parents have had. The one million unemployed young people in Britain face cuts to housing benefit with the prime minster mooting cutting it completely for under 25 year olds.
On Wednesday 21 November British students will be back on the streets of London seeking to reinvigorate the movement. They have been building momentum for months and have much inspiration to draw from internationally: in Quebec, the student movement claimed a victory over fee rises after protests (including mobilizing thousands of parents) and strikes lasting months. In Chile, the movement for free, public, education is still going strong into its second year, and enjoys widespread public support with hundreds of thousands joined sustained, persistent and creative protest offering clear solutions to the government.
Back in Britain, current NUS president Liam Burns has reportedly said he is worried things will 'turn violent' but has clarified this with: 'one of the things that I've always said about Millbank is that I don't think the act of peacefully occupying a locus of power, when you consider the trebling of tuition fees, was in any way disproportionate.' Could it be that everyone is back on board?
But the movement shouldn't be dependent on Burns' approval – it needs to be able to show that it's OK for young people act on their opinions, that campaigning won't 'jeopardize' their future. In fact it's their future, and that of future generations, that they are fighting for.
You can find out more about the protest on 21 November 2012 from the NUS or the Education Activist Network.
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About Johnson Car Company LLC
With 23 years of experience in the car business I know that buying a new vehicle can be frustrating and sometimes confusing. My commitment to every customer I serve is to make sure the buying process is pleasant and the experience is memorable. Here at Johnson Car Company we are proud to offer our customers a host of great financing programs. Along with our great financing programs we offer you a choice between two extended warranty companies to make sure that you have the right coverage for your new vehicle at an affordable price.


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From WikiFur, the furry encyclopedia.
(Redirected from Nevarraven)
NevarRaven, also known as Nevar (real name Jenika Watkins; born November 9, 1982), is an illustrator who creates anthro art living in Sarasota, Florida, USA.
NevarRaven's character is a Maned Wolf. She has also used a cheshire chimaera as her avatar (a clouded leopard inspired green cat).[1]
- ↑ new character sheet thingie. July 21, 2006 LiveJournal post by nevarraven. Retrieved July 28, 2006.
External links[edit]
- NevarRaven.com - NevarRaven's official homepage
- NevarRaven on Fur Affinity
- Nevar on VCL
- Nevar on the Yerf Historical Archive
- All and Nothing - NevarRaven's LiveJournal
- Some Dude on the Internet - Nevar on W:Dreamwidth:Dreamwidth
|This stub about a person could be expanded.


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Required UC: 3 per episode
Creaters: Noah Hawley
Actors: Dan Stevens, Jean Smart, Mackenzie Gray
Release Date: 2017
Plot:Legion, based on the Marvel Comics by Chris Claremont and Bill Sienkiewicz, is the story of David Haller (Dan Stevens), a troubled young man who may be more than human. Diagnosed as schizophrenic as a child, David has been in and out of psychiatric hospitals for years. Now in his early 30s and institutionalized once again, David loses himself in the rhythm of the structured regimen of life in the hospital: breakfast, lunch, dinner, therapy, medications, sleep. David spends the rest of his time in companionable silence alongside his chatterbox friend Lenny (Aubrey Plaza), a fellow patient whose life-long drug and alcohol addiction has done nothing to quell her boundless optimism that her luck is about to change. The pleasant numbness of David's routine is completely upended with the arrival of a beautiful and troubled new patient named Syd (Rachel Keller). Inexplicably drawn to one another, David and Syd share a startling encounter, after which David must confront the shocking possibility that the voices he hears and the visions he sees may actually be real.


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Free shipping over $150. $6 flat rate shipping on all other orders.
This style only comes in one size. Fits 0-14 comfortably.
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This herd sire was truly a Superman! His seven registered offspring were black, silver grey and fawn. All had his fine facial features and soft fiber. His was curious and clever, a real pleasure to have on the farm.
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Heikki Kovalainen became the 100th driver to win a Grand Prix in the Hungarian round of the championship.
The win fell into his lap after a heartbreaking failure for Felipe Massa late in the race. Massa had grabbed the lead by the scruff of the neck with an excellent start and held onto the lead through the first set of pit stops.
But the Ferrari driver seemed to suffer an engine failure while cruising the the flag with only three laps to go.
Kovalainen is the second driver to take his first win this year after Robert Kubica's win in the Canadian Grand Prix.
He had run third behind Massa and Lewis Hamilton for much of the race, moving up to second when his team mate suffered a puncture on lap 41.
Kovalainen's win comes after the McLaren team extended his contract to the end of the 2009 season.


text:
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text:
Is this irrational exuberance over a smart phone competitor that simply won't offer up yet another me-too experience? Or are the market researchers who have routinely picked Microsoft's Windows Phone to surpass Apple's once-dominant iPhone by 2015 on to something?
In 2011, several market researchers, including most notably IDC and Gartner, all picked Windows Phone to beat back the iPhone by 2015. This week, iSuppli added its own view to the matter, also picking Microsoft's mobile OS to surpass iPhone and become the number two smart phone platform after Android.
It's a dream finish for the home team in Redmond. But is it more than a fantasy?
"The Lumia 900 introduction will trigger a smartphone renaissance for Nokia and Microsoft," iSuppli notes this week in a press release. "Largely based on Nokia's strong support, Windows Phone is set to regain the number 2 rank in smartphone operating systems in 2015."
Let's look at the numbers. Today, the top four smart phone platforms break down as follows, according to iSuppli:
1. Android, with 47.4 percent market share
2. Others, 32.7 percent
3. iPhone, 18 percent
4. Windows Phone, 1.9 percent
In 2015, the firm expects things to look like so:
1. Android, 58.1 percent
2. Windows Phone, 16.7 percent
3. iPhone, 16.6 percent
4. Others, 8.6 percent
Windows Phone will hit 9 percent market share in 2012, according to iSuppli, and jump further to 15.3 and then 16.1 percent in 2013 and 2014. During this time, iPhone will fall, to 17.3 percent in 2013 and then 16.8 percent in 2014, when it will barely surpass Windows Phone.
This would all seem rather ludicrous if IDC and Gartner hadn't been saying the same thing for months. Otherwise, I'd simply ignore it, given Windows Phone's sub-2 percent market share today. But why does iSupplie--and IDC and Gartner--think things are going to change so dramatically? Is it really just because of Nokia?
"Although Nokia is not the only seller of Windows Phone smartphones, the company is expected to dominate the market, accounting for 50 percent of all Microsoft OS-based handsets sold in 2012, IHS iSuppli predicts," the press release notes. "The company's share then is set to rise to 62 percent in 2013. Nokia's portion of the market will begin to decline in 2014, as other companies increase their sales of Windows Phone products."
Well. There you go. Are you buying it?
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text: Artist: Snoop Dogg f/ KoKane Album: Tha Last Meal Song: Y'all Gone Miss Me Typed by: OHHLA Webmaster DJ Flash {*fades in*} .. {y'all gone miss me} Yeah y'all gone miss me {*harmonizing*} Never miss what you had 'til it's gone Yeah, y'all gone miss me {y'all gone miss me} Yeah, y'all gone miss me [Snoop Dogg] Hmm, who that nigga that brought you that gangsta shit befo' you motherfuckers was even ready for it? Showed you how to tie a flag on your head and represent your motherfuckin set 'til you're dead Bust on the cops while I cuss the Feds Roll a joint, in the bathtub gettin head Put the G in the P, flipped the G to a ki Put the West coast back on the map bay-bee Check my styles, check my files I've been gangbangin since I was a juvenile They cut me loose in nine-deuce I swore to tell the whole truth Keep it gangbang 100 proof E'rybody say, "Ay Snoop" - did Death Row pay me? Look here young loc, shit it's all to the gravy I really can't trip off the past, on the real I had a blast Tupac, rest in peace and God bless all my enemies [Chorus: KoKane] Rain-drops, falling on my head Fuckin with them haters, messin with my bread Talkin bout the raindrops, fallin on my head Fuckin with them haters, sleepin in my bed [Snoop Dogg] Ain't No Limit to this shit, ain't no gimmick Master P good lookin out homeboy, salute my Lieutenant (at ease) I'm in it knee deep and can't creep no more I had to move down South on the low-low, fo' sho' doe Dippin through the woods with Fiend, Magic, Pokey Mystikal, V-90, C, Boz and P (ya heard me?) Windows on tint, ridin like the President It's evident, shit I'm doin good (yeah) I moved out the hood like I should (say what?) And then they had the nerve to call me Hollywood (nigga what?) But I don't give a fuck, if I'm misunderstood 20 Crip don't slip, yeah it's all to the good Yeah the homies got twist too, whatchu say? Oh the homies might get me? They'll get you Listen here, don't try it, and don't deny it And don't pay 'em no mind Dogg, man I'm tryin [Chorus w/ variations] [Snoop Dogg] Just when you thought I was gone, I'm back on Knick-knack-paddy-wack give the Dogg a home with a gang of pitbulls, rottweilers and doberman pinschers Bonafied killers The illest, cap peelers, that you ever wanna meet Straight up out the ghetto where they pack the heavy metal I got my hand on the wheel, my foot on the gas pedal I'm drivin DoggHouse to the next level (woof) and buckin two shots at the devil Run up on his ass, and blast, like a rebel Turn up the treble cause I hit you with the bass Remember my name and remember my face Remember these words, and remember the taste And remember, we all gotta leave this place I'm tryin to stay focused, I'm the loc'est in the game The Rap Prime Minister, "Mr. G Thang" [Chorus Two: KoKane] Rain-drops, fallin on my head Fuckin with the wrong folks, messin with my spread Talkin bout the raindrops, fallin on my head Messin with my ba-by, who's sleepin in my bed {*harmonizing to fade with interjections of "y'all gone miss me"*}


text:
Spring Integration provides Channel Adapters for receiving and sending messages via database queries. Through those adapters Spring Integration supports not only plain JDBC SQL Queries, but also Stored Procedure and Stored Function calls.
The following JDBC components are available by default:
Furthermore, the Spring Integration JDBC Module also provides a JDBC Message Store
The main function of an inbound Channel Adapter is to execute a SQL
SELECT query and turn the result set as a message.
The message payload is the whole result set, expressed as a
List, and the types of the items in the list depend on the row-mapping strategy that is used.
The default strategy is a generic mapper that just returns a
Map for each row in the query result.
Optionally, this can be changed by adding a reference to a
RowMapper instance (see the Spring JDBC documentation for more detailed information about row mapping).
If you want to convert rows in the SELECT query result to individual messages you can use a downstream splitter.
The inbound adapter also requires a reference to either a
JdbcTemplate instance or a
As well as the
SELECT statement to generate the messages, the adapter above also has an
UPDATE statement that is being used to mark the records as processed so that they don't show up in the next poll.
The update can be parameterized by the list of ids from the original select.
This is done through a naming convention by default (a column in the input result set called "id" is translated into a list in the parameter map for the update called "id").
The following example defines an inbound Channel Adapter with an update query and a
DataSource reference.
<int-jdbc:inbound-channel-adapter query="select * from item where status=2" channel="target" data-source="dataSource" update="update item set status=10 where id in (:id)" />
The parameters in the update query are specified with a colon (:) prefix to the name of a parameter (which in this case is an expression to be applied to each of the rows in the polled result set). This is a standard feature of the named parameter JDBC support in Spring JDBC combined with a convention (projection onto the polled result list) adopted in Spring Integration. The underlying Spring JDBC features limit the available expressions (e.g. most special characters other than period are disallowed), but since the target is usually a list of or an individual object addressable by simple bean paths this isn't unduly restrictive.
To change the parameter generation strategy you can inject a
SqlParameterSourceFactory into the adapter to override the default behavior (the adapter has a
sql-parameter-source-factory attribute).
Spring Integration provides a
ExpressionEvaluatingSqlParameterSourceFactory which will create a SpEL-based parameter source, with the results of the query as the
#root object.
update-per-row is true, the root object is the row).
If the same parameter name appears multiple times in the update query, it is evaluated only one time, and its result is cached.
You can also use a parameter source for the select query. In this case, since there is no "result" object to evaluate against, a single parameter source is used each time (rather than using a parameter source factory). Starting with version 4.0, you can use Spring to create a SpEL based parameter source as follows:
<int-jdbc:inbound-channel-adapter query="select * from item where status=:status" channel="target" data-source="dataSource" select-sql-parameter-source="parameterSource" /> <bean id="parameterSource" factory-bean="parameterSourceFactory" factory-method="createParameterSourceNoCache"> <constructor-arg value="" /> </bean> <bean id="parameterSourceFactory" class="o.s.integration.jdbc.ExpressionEvaluatingSqlParameterSourceFactory"> <property name="parameterExpressions"> <map> <entry key="status" value="@statusBean.which()" /> </map> </property> </bean> <bean id="statusBean" class="foo.StatusDetermination" />
value in each parameter expression can be any valid SpEL expression.
#root object for the expression evaluation is the constructor argument defined on the
parameterSource bean.
It is static for all evaluations (in this case, an empty String).
Use the
The inbound adapter accepts a regular Spring Integration poller as a sub element, so for instance the frequency of the polling can be controlled. A very important feature of the poller for JDBC usage is the option to wrap the poll operation in a transaction, for example:
<int-jdbc:inbound-channel-adapter query="..." channel="target" data-source="dataSource" update="..."> <int:poller fixed-rate="1000"> <int:transactional/> </int:poller> </int-jdbc:inbound-channel-adapter>
If a poller is not explicitly specified, a default value will be used (and as per normal with Spring Integration can be defined as a top level bean).
In this example the database is polled every 1000 milliseconds, and the update and select queries are both executed in the same transaction. The transaction manager configuration is not shown, but as long as it is aware of the data source then the poll is transactional. A common use case is for the downstream channels to be direct channels (the default), so that the endpoints are invoked in the same thread, and hence the same transaction. Then if any of them fail, the transaction rolls back and the input data is reverted to its original state.
The JDBC Inbound Channel Adapter defines an attribute
When you specify the adapter's Poller, you can also define a property called
While these two attributes look similar, their meaning is quite different.
max-messages-per-poll specifies the number of times the query is executed per polling interval, whereas
max-rows-per-poll specifies the number of rows returned for each execution.
Under normal circumstances, you would likely not want to set the Poller's
max-messages-per-poll property when using the JDBC Inbound Channel Adapter.
Its default value is 1, which means that the JDBC Inbound Channel Adapter's
receive() method is executed exactly once for each poll interval.
Setting the
max-messages-per-poll attribute to a larger value means that the query is executed that many times back to back.
For more information regarding the
max-messages-per-poll attribute, please see Section 4.3.1, "Configuring An Inbound Channel Adapter".
In contrast, the
max-rows-per-poll attribute, if greater than 0, specifies the maximum number of rows that will be used from the query result set, per execution of the
receive() method.
If the attribute is set to 0, then all rows will be included in the resulting message.
If not explicitly set, the attribute defaults to 0.
The outbound Channel Adapter is the inverse of the inbound: its role is to handle a message and use it to execute a SQL query. The message payload and headers are available by default as input parameters to the query, for instance:
<int-jdbc:outbound-channel-adapter query="insert into foos (id, status, name) values (:headers[id], 0, :payload[foo])" data-source="dataSource" channel="input"/>
In the example above, messages arriving on the channel labelled input have a payload of a map with key foo, so the
[] operator dereferences that value from the map.
The headers are also accessed as a map.
The parameters in the query above are bean property expressions on the incoming message (not Spring EL expressions).
This behavior is part of the
The outbound adapter requires a reference to either a
DataSource or a
It can also have a
SqlParameterSourceFactory injected to control the binding of each incoming message to a query.
If the input channel is a direct channel, then the outbound adapter runs its query in the same thread, and therefore the same transaction (if there is one) as the sender of the message.
Passing Parameters using SpEL Expressions
A common requirement for most JDBC Channel Adapters is to pass parameters as part of Sql queries or Stored Procedures/Functions.
As mentioned above, these parameters are by default bean property expressions, not SpEL expressions.
However, if you need to pass SpEL expression as parameters, you must inject a
SqlParameterSourceFactory explicitly.
The following example uses a
ExpressionEvaluatingSqlParameterSourceFactory to achieve that requirement.
<jdbc:outbound-channel-adapter data-source="dataSource" channel="input" query="insert into MESSAGES (MESSAGE_ID,PAYLOAD,CREATED_DATE) \ values (:id, :payload, :createdDate)" sql-parameter-source-factory="spelSource"/> <bean id="spelSource" class="o.s.integration.jdbc.ExpressionEvaluatingSqlParameterSourceFactory"> <property name="parameterExpressions"> <map> <entry key="id" value="headers['id'].toString()"/> <entry key="createdDate" value="new java.util.Date()"/> <entry key="payload" value="payload"/> </map> </property> </bean>
For further information, please also see Section 18.5.5, "Defining Parameter Sources"
PreparedStatement Callback
There are some cases when the flexibility and loose-coupling of
SqlParameterSourceFactory isn't enough for the target
PreparedStatement or we need to do some low-level JDBC work.
The Spring JDBC module provides APIs to configure the execution environment (e.g.
PreparedStatementCreator) and manipulation of parameter values (e.g.
Or even APIs for low level operations, for example
Starting with Spring Integration 4.2, the
MessagePreparedStatementSetter is available to allow
the specification of parameters on the
PreparedStatement manually, in the
requestMessage context.
This class plays exactly the same role as
PreparedStatementSetter in the standard Spring JDBC API.
Actually it is invoked directly from an inline
PreparedStatementSetter implementation, when the
execute on the
This functional interface option is mutually exclusive with
sqlParameterSourceFactory and can be used as a more
powerful alternative to populate parameters of the
PreparedStatement from the
For example it is useful when we need to store
File data to the DataBase
BLOB column in a stream manner:
@Bean @ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "storeFileChannel") public MessageHandler jdbcMessageHandler(DataSource dataSource) { JdbcMessageHandler jdbcMessageHandler = new JdbcMessageHandler(dataSource, "INSERT INTO imagedb (image_name, content, description) VALUES (?, ?, ?)"); jdbcMessageHandler.setPreparedStatementSetter((ps, m) -> { ps.setString(1, m.getHeaders().get(FileHeaders.FILENAME)); try (FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream((File) m.getPayload())) { ps.setBlob(2, inputStream); } catch (Exception e) { throw new MessageHandlingException(m, e); } ps.setClob(3, new StringReader(m.getHeaders().get("description", String.class))); }); return jdbcMessageHandler; }
From the XML configuration perspective, the
prepared-statement-setter attribute is available on the
<int-jdbc:outbound-channel-adapter> component, to specify a
bean reference.
The outbound Gateway is like a combination of the outbound and inbound adapters: its role is to handle a message and use it to execute a SQL query and then respond with the result sending it to a reply channel. The message payload and headers are available by default as input parameters to the query, for instance:
<int-jdbc:outbound-gateway update="insert into foos (id, status, name) values (:headers[id], 0, :payload[foo])" request-channel="input" reply-channel="output" data-source="dataSource" />
The result of the above would be to insert a record into the "foos" table and return a message to the output channel indicating the number of rows affected (the payload is a map:
If the update query is an insert with auto-generated keys, the reply message can be populated with the generated keys by adding
keys-generated="true" to the above example (this is not the default because it is not supported by some database platforms).
For example:
<int-jdbc:outbound-gateway update="insert into foos (status, name) values (0, :payload[foo])" request-channel="input" reply-channel="output" data-source="dataSource" keys-generated="true"/>
Instead of the update count or the generated keys, you can also provide a select query to execute and generate a reply message from the result (like the inbound adapter), e.g:
<int-jdbc:outbound-gateway update="insert into foos (id, status, name) values (:headers[id], 0, :payload[foo])" query="select * from foos where id=:headers[$id]" request-channel="input" reply-channel="output" data-source="dataSource"/>
Since Spring Integration 2.2 the update SQL query is no longer mandatory. You can now solely provide a select query, using either the query attribute or the query sub-element. This is extremely useful if you need to actively retrieve data using e.g. a generic Gateway or a Payload Enricher. The reply message is then generated from the result, like the inbound adapter, and passed to the reply channel.
<int-jdbc:outbound-gateway query="select * from foos where id=:headers[id]" request-channel="input" reply-channel="output" data-source="dataSource"/>
As with the channel adapters, there is also the option to provide
SqlParameterSourceFactory instances for request and reply.
The default is the same as for the outbound adapter, so the request message is available as the root of an expression.
keys-generated="true" then the root of the expression is the generated keys (a map if there is only one or a list of maps if multi-valued).
The outbound gateway requires a reference to either a DataSource or a JdbcTemplate.
It can also have a
SqlParameterSourceFactory injected to control the binding of the incoming message to the query.
Starting with the version 4.2 the
request-prepared-statement-setter attribute is available on the
<int-jdbc:outbound-gateway> as an alternative to the
It allows you to specify a
MessagePreparedStatementSetter bean reference, which implements more sophisticated
PreparedStatement preparation before its execution.
See Section 18.2, "Outbound Channel Adapter" for more information about
Spring Integration provides 2 JDBC specific Message Store implementations.
The first one, is the
JdbcMessageStore which is suitable to be used in conjunction with Aggregators and the
Claim-Check pattern.
While it can be used for backing Message Channels as well, you may want to consider using the
JdbcChannelMessageStore implementation instead, as it provides a more targeted and scalable implementation.
The JDBC module provides an implementation of the Spring Integration
MessageStore (important in the Claim Check pattern) and
MessageGroupStore (important in stateful patterns like Aggregator) backed by a database.
Both interfaces are implemented by the
JdbcMessageStore, and there is also support for configuring store instances in XML.
For example:
<int-jdbc:message-store id="messageStore" data-source="dataSource"/>
JdbcTemplate can be specified instead of a
Other optional attributes are show in the next example:
<int-jdbc:message-store id="messageStore" data-source="dataSource" lob-handler="lobHandler" table-prefix="MY_INT_"/>
Here we have specified a
LobHandler for dealing with messages as large objects (e.g.
often necessary if using Oracle) and a prefix for the table names in the queries generated by the store.
The table name prefix defaults to
If you plan on using MySQL, please use MySQL version 5.6.4 or higher, if possible. Prior versions do not support fractional seconds for temporal data types. Because of that, messages may not arrive in the precise FIFO order when polling from such a MySQL Message Store.
Therefore, starting with Spring Integration 3.0, we provide an additional set of DDL scripts for MySQL version 5.6.4 or higher:
For more information, please see: Fractional Seconds in Time Values.
Also important, please ensure that you use an up-to-date version of the JDBC driver for MySQL (Connector/J), e.g. version 5.1.24 or higher.
If you intend backing Message Channels using JDBC, it is recommended to use the provided
JdbcChannelMessageStore implementation instead.
It can only be used in conjunction with Message Channels.
Supported Databases
JdbcChannelMessageStore uses database specific SQL queries to retrieve messages from the database.
Therefore, users must set the
ChannelMessageStoreQueryProvider property on the
channelMessageStoreQueryProvider provides the SQL queries and Spring Integration provides support for the following relational databases:
If your database is not listed, you can easily extend the
AbstractChannelMessageStoreQueryProvider class and provide your own custom queries.
Since version 4.0, the
MESSAGE_SEQUENCE column has been added to the table to ensure first-in-first-out (FIFO) queueing even when messages are stored in the same millisecond.
Generally it is not recommended to use a relational database for the purpose of queuing. Instead, if possible, consider using either JMS or AMQP backed channels instead. For further reference please see the following resources:
Concurrent Polling
When polling a Message Channel, you have the option to configure the associated
Poller with a
TaskExecutor reference.
Keep in mind, though, that if you use a JDBC backed Message Channel and you are planning on polling the channel and consequently the message store transactionally with multiple threads, you should ensure that you use a relational database that supports Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC). Otherwise, locking may be an issue and the performance, when using multiple threads, may not materialize as expected. For example Apache Derby is problematic in that regard.
To achieve better JDBC queue throughput, and avoid issues when different threads may poll the same
… <bean id="queryProvider" class="o.s.i.jdbc.store.channel.PostgresChannelMessageStoreQueryProvider"/> <int:transaction-synchronization-factory id="syncFactory"> <int:after-commit expression="@store.removeFromIdCache(headers.id.toString())" /> <int:after-rollback expression="@store.removeFromIdCache(headers.id.toString())"/> </int:transaction-synchronization-factory> <task:executor id="pool" pool-size="10" queue-capacity="10" rejection-policy="CALLER_RUNS" /> <bean id="store" class="o.s.i.jdbc.store.JdbcChannelMessageStore"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="channelMessageStoreQueryProvider" ref="queryProvider"/> <property name="region" value="TX_TIMEOUT"/> <property name="usingIdCache" value="true"/> </bean> <int:channel id="inputChannel"> <int:queue message-store="store"/> </int:channel> <int:bridge input-channel="inputChannel" output-channel="outputChannel"> <int:poller fixed-delay="500" receive-timeout="500" max-messages-per-poll="1" task-executor="pool"> <int:transactional propagation="REQUIRED" synchronization-factory="syncFactory" isolation="READ_COMMITTED" transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> </int:poller> </int:bridge> <int:channel id="outputChannel" /> …
Priority Channel
Starting with version 4.0, the
JdbcChannelMessageStore implements
PriorityCapableChannelMessageStore and provides the
priorityEnabled option allowing it to be used as a
message-store reference for
priority-queue s.
For this purpose, the
INT_CHANNEL_MESSAGE has a
MESSAGE_PRIORITY column to store the value of
PRIORITY Message header.
In addition, a new
MESSAGE_SEQUENCE column is also provided to achieve a robust first-in-first-out (FIFO) polling mechanism, even when multiple messages are stored with the same priority in the same millisecond.
Messages are polled (selected) from the database with
order by MESSAGE_PRIORITY DESC NULLS LAST, CREATED_DATE, MESSAGE_SEQUENCE.
It's not recommended to use the same
<bean id="channelStore" class="o.s.i.jdbc.store.JdbcChannelMessageStore"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="channelMessageStoreQueryProvider" ref="queryProvider"/> </bean> <int:channel id="queueChannel"> <int:queue message-store="channelStore"/> </int:channel> <bean id="priorityStore" parent="channelStore"> <property name="priorityEnabled" value="true"/> </bean> <int:channel id="priorityChannel"> <int:priority-queue message-store="priorityStore"/> </int:channel>
Spring Integration ships with some sample scripts that can be used to initialize a database.
In the spring-integration-jdbc JAR file you will find scripts in the
org.springframework.integration.jdbc and in the
org.springframework.integration.jdbc.store.channel package: there is a create and a drop script example for a range of common database platforms.
A common way to use these scripts is to reference them in a Spring JDBC data source initializer.
Note that the scripts are provided as samples or specifications of the the required table and column names.
You may find that you need to enhance them for production use (e.g.
with index declarations).
It is common to use a
JdbcMessageStore as a global store for a group of applications, or nodes in the same application.
To provide some protection against name clashes, and to give control over the database meta-data configuration, the message store allows the tables to be partitioned in two ways.
One is to use separate table names, by changing the prefix as described above, and the other is to specify a "region" name for partitioning data within a single table.
An important use case for this is when the MessageStore is managing persistent queues backing a Spring Integration Message Channel.
The message data for a persistent channel is keyed in the store on the channel name, so if the channel names are not globally unique then there is the danger of channels picking up data that was not intended for them.
To avoid this, the message store region can be used to keep data separate for different physical channels that happen to have the same logical name.
In certain situations plain JDBC support is not sufficient. Maybe you deal with legacy relational database schemas or you have complex data processing needs, but ultimately you have to use Stored Procedures or Stored Functions. Since Spring Integration 2.1, we provide three components in order to execute Stored Procedures or Stored Functions:
In order to enable calls to Stored Procedures and Stored Functions, the Stored Procedure components use the
org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcCall class.
Consequently, the following databases are fully supported for executing Stored Procedures:
If you want to execute Stored Functions instead, the following databases are fully supported:
Even though your particular database may not be fully supported, chances are, that you can use the Stored Procedure Spring Integration components quite successfully anyway, provided your RDBMS supports Stored Procedures or Functions.
As a matter of fact, some of the provided integration tests use the H2 database. Nevertheless, it is very important to thoroughly test those usage scenarios.
The Stored Procedure components provide full XML Namespace support and configuring the components is similar as for the general purpose JDBC components discussed earlier.
Certain configuration parameters are shared among all Stored Procedure components and are described below:
Lifecycle attribute signaling if this component should be started during Application Context startup.
Defaults to
Reference to a
javax.sql.DataSource, which is used to access the database. Required.
Identifies the underlying Spring bean definition, which is an instance of either
EventDrivenConsumer or
PollingConsumer, depending on whether the Outbound Channel Adapter's
channel attribute references a
SubscribableChannel or a
For fully supported databases, the underlying
SimpleJdbcCall class can automatically retrieve the parameter information for the to be invoked Stored Procedure or Function from the JDBC Meta-data.
However, if the used database does not support meta data lookups or if you like to provide customized parameter definitions, this flag can be set to
It defaults to
true, a SQL Function is called.
In that case the
stored-procedure-name or
stored-procedure-name-expression attributes define the name of the called function.
Defaults to
The attribute specifies the name of the stored procedure.
If the
is-function attribute is set to
true, this attribute specifies the function name instead.
Either this property or
stored-procedure-name-expression must be specified.
This attribute specifies the name of the stored procedure using a SpEL expression. Using SpEL you have access to the full message (if available), including its headers and payload. You can use this attribute to invoke different Stored Procedures at runtime. For example, you can provide Stored Procedure names that you would like to execute as a Message Header. The expression must resolve to a String.
If the
is-function attribute is set to
true, this attribute specifies a Stored Function.
Either this property or stored-procedure-name must be specified.
Defines the maximum number of cached
SimpleJdbcCallOperations instances.
Basically, for each Stored Procedure Name a new
SimpleJdbcCallOperations instance is created that in return is being cached.
The default cache size is 10. A value of 0 disables caching. Negative values are not permitted.
If you enable JMX, statistical information about the
jdbc-call-operations-cache is exposed as MBean.
Please see Section 9.2.7, "MBean Exporter" for more information.
sql-parameter-source-factory (Not available for the Stored Procedure Inbound Channel Adapter.)
Reference to a
By default bean properties of the passed in
Message payload will be used as a source for the Stored Procedure's input parameters using a
This may be sufficient for basic use cases.
For more sophisticated options, consider passing in one or more
Please also refer to Section 18.5.5, "Defining Parameter Sources".
use-payload-as-parameter-source (Not available for the Stored Procedure Inbound Channel Adapter.)
If set to
true, the payload of the Message will be used as a source for providing parameters.
If false, however, the entire Message will be available as a source for parameters.
If no Procedure Parameters are passed in, this property will default to
This means that using a default
BeanPropertySqlParameterSourceFactory the bean properties of the payload will be used as a source for parameter values for the to-be-executed Stored Procedure or Stored Function.
However, if Procedure Parameters are passed in, then this property will by default evaluate to
ProcedureParameter allow for SpEL Expressions to be provided and therefore it is highly beneficial to have access to the entire Message.
The property is set on the underlying
The Stored Procedure components share a common set of sub-elements to define and pass parameters to Stored Procedures or Functions. The following elements are available:
Provides a mechanism to provide Stored Procedure parameters. Parameters can be either static or provided using a SpEL Expressions. Optional.
<int-jdbc:parameter name="" type="" value=""/> <int-jdbc:parameter name="" expression=""/>
The name of the parameter to be passed into the Stored Procedure or Stored Function. Required.
This attribute specifies the type of the value.
If nothing is provided this attribute will default to
The value of the parameter.
You have to provider either this attribute or the
Instead of the
Stored Procedures may return multiple result sets.
By setting one or more
returning-resultset elements, you can specify
RowMappers in order to convert each returned
ResultSet to meaningful objects.
<int-jdbc:returning-resultset name="" row-mapper="" />
If you are using a database that is fully supported, you typically don't have to specify the Stored Procedure parameter definitions.
Instead, those parameters can be automatically derived from the JDBC Meta-data.
However, if you are using databases that are not fully supported, you must set those parameters explicitly using the
sql-parameter-definition sub-element.
You can also choose to turn off any processing of parameter meta data information obtained via JDBC using the
ignore-column-meta-data attribute.
<int-jdbc:sql-parameter-definition name="" direction="IN" type="STRING" scale="5" type-name="FOO_STRUCT" return-type="fooSqlReturnType"/>
Specifies the name of the SQL parameter. Required.
Specifies the direction of the SQL parameter definition.
Defaults to
The SQL type used for this SQL parameter definition. Will translate into the integer value as defined by java.sql.Types. Alternatively you can provide the integer value as well. If this attribute is not explicitly set, then it will default to VARCHAR. Optional.
The scale of the SQL parameter. Only used for numeric and decimal parameters. Optional.
The typeName for types that are user-named like:
The reference to a custom value handler for complex types. An implementation of SqlReturnType. This attribute is mutually exclusive with the scale attribute and is applicable for OUT(INOUT)-parameters only. Optional.
Allows you to configure a Message Poller if this endpoint is a
Parameter Sources govern the techniques of retrieving and mapping the Spring Integration Message properties to the relevant Stored Procedure input parameters. The Stored Procedure components follow certain rules.
By default bean properties of the passed in
Message payload will be used as a source for the Stored Procedure's input parameters.
In that case a
BeanPropertySqlParameterSourceFactory will be used.
This may be sufficient for basic use cases.
The following example illustrates that default behavior.
Please be aware that for the "automatic" lookup of bean properties using the
Let's assume we have a payload that consists of a simple bean with the following three properties: id, name and description. Furthermore, we have a simplistic Stored Procedure called INSERT_COFFEE that accepts three input parameters: id, name and description. We also use a fully supported database. In that case the following configuration for a Stored Procedure Outbound Adapter will be sufficient:
<int-jdbc:stored-proc-outbound-channel-adapter data-source="dataSource" channel="insertCoffeeProcedureRequestChannel" stored-procedure-name="INSERT_COFFEE"/>
For more sophisticated options consider passing in one or more
If you do provide
ProcedureParameter explicitly, then as default an
ExpressionEvaluatingSqlParameterSourceFactory will be used for parameter processing in order to enable the full power of SpEL expressions.
Furthermore, if you need even more control over how parameters are retrieved, consider passing in a custom implementation of a
SqlParameterSourceFactory using the
sql-parameter-source-factory attribute.
<int-jdbc:stored-proc-inbound-channel-adapter channel="" stored-procedure-name="" data-source="" auto-startup="true" id="" ignore-column-meta-data="false" is-function="false" max-rows-per-poll="" skip-undeclared-results="" return-value-required="false" <int:poller/> <int-jdbc:sql-parameter-definition name="" direction="IN" type="STRING" scale=""/> <int-jdbc:parameter name="" type="" value=""/> <int-jdbc:parameter name="" expression=""/> <int-jdbc:returning-resultset name="" row-mapper="" /> </int-jdbc:stored-proc-inbound-channel-adapter>
Channel to which polled messages will be sent. If the stored procedure or function does not return any data, the payload of the Message will be Null. Required.
Limits the number of rows extracted per query. Otherwise all rows are extracted into the outgoing message. Optional.
If this attribute is set to
Indicates whether this procedure's return value should be included. Since Spring Integration 3.0. Optional.
When you declare a Poller, you may notice the Poller's
<int-jdbc:stored-proc-outbound-channel-adapter channel="" stored-procedure-name="" data-source="" auto-startup="true" id="" ignore-column-meta-data="false" order="" sql-parameter-source-factory="" use-payload-as-parameter-source=""> <int:poller fixed-rate=""/> <int-jdbc:sql-parameter-definition name=""/> <int-jdbc:parameter name=""/> </int-jdbc:stored-proc-outbound-channel-adapter>
The receiving Message Channel of this endpoint. Required.
Specifies the order for invocation when this endpoint is connected as a subscriber to a channel. This is particularly relevant when that channel is using a failover dispatching strategy. It has no effect when this endpoint itself is a Polling Consumer for a channel with a queue. Optional.
<int-jdbc:stored-proc-outbound-gateway request-channel="" stored-procedure-name="" data-source="" auto-startup="true" id="" ignore-column-meta-data="false" is-function="false" order="" reply-channel="" reply-timeout="" return-value-required="false" skip-undeclared-results="" sql-parameter-source-factory="" use-payload-as-parameter-source=""> <int-jdbc:sql-parameter-definition name="" direction="IN" type="" scale="10"/> <int-jdbc:sql-parameter-definition name=""/> <int-jdbc:parameter name="" type="" value=""/> <int-jdbc:parameter name="" expression=""/> <int-jdbc:returning-resultset name="" row-mapper="" />
The receiving Message Channel of this endpoint. Required.
Message Channel to which replies should be sent, after receiving the database response. Optional.
Allows you to specify how long this gateway will wait for the reply message to be sent successfully before throwing an exception.
Keep in mind that when sending to a
Indicates whether this procedure's return value should be included. Optional.
If the
In the following two examples we call Apache Derby Stored Procedures.
The first procedure will call a Stored Procedure that returns a
ResultSet, and using a
RowMapper the data is converted into a domain object, which then becomes the Spring Integration message payload.
In the second sample we call a Stored Procedure that uses Output Parameters instead, in order to return data.
Please have a look at the Spring Integration Samples project, located at null
The project contains the Apache Derby example referenced here, as well as instruction on how to run it. The Spring Integration Samples project also provides an example using Oracle Stored Procedures.
In the first example, we call a Stored Procedure named FIND_ALL_COFFEE_BEVERAGES that does not define any input parameters but which returns a
In Apache Derby, Stored Procedures are implemented using Java. Here is the method signature followed by the corresponding Sql:
public static void findAllCoffeeBeverages(ResultSet[] coffeeBeverages) throws SQLException { ... }
CREATE PROCEDURE FIND_ALL_COFFEE_BEVERAGES() \ PARAMETER STYLE JAVA LANGUAGE JAVA MODIFIES SQL DATA DYNAMIC RESULT SETS 1 \ EXTERNAL NAME 'org.springframework.integration.jdbc.storedproc.derby.DerbyStoredProcedures.findAllCoffeeBeverages';
In Spring Integration, you can now call this Stored Procedure using e.g.
<int-jdbc:stored-proc-outbound-gateway id="outbound-gateway-storedproc-find-all" data-source="dataSource" request-channel="findAllProcedureRequestChannel" expect-single-result="true" stored-procedure-name="FIND_ALL_COFFEE_BEVERAGES"> <int-jdbc:returning-resultset name="coffeeBeverages" row-mapper="org.springframework.integration.support.CoffeBeverageMapper"/> </int-jdbc:stored-proc-outbound-gateway>
In the second example, we call a Stored Procedure named FIND_COFFEE that has one input parameter. Instead of returning a ResultSet, an output parameter is used:
public static void findCoffee(int coffeeId, String[] coffeeDescription) throws SQLException { ... }
CREATE PROCEDURE FIND_COFFEE(IN ID INTEGER, OUT COFFEE_DESCRIPTION VARCHAR(200)) \ PARAMETER STYLE JAVA LANGUAGE JAVA EXTERNAL NAME \ 'org.springframework.integration.jdbc.storedproc.derby.DerbyStoredProcedures.findCoffee';
In Spring Integration, you can now call this Stored Procedure using e.g.
<int-jdbc:stored-proc-outbound-gateway id="outbound-gateway-storedproc-find-coffee" data-source="dataSource" request-channel="findCoffeeProcedureRequestChannel" skip-undeclared-results="true" stored-procedure-name="FIND_COFFEE" expect-single-result="true"> <int-jdbc:parameter name="ID" expression="payload" /> </int-jdbc:stored-proc-outbound-gateway>
Starting with version 4.3, the
JdbcLockRegistry is available.
Certain components (for example aggregator and resequencer) use a lock obtained from a
LockRegistry instance to ensure that only one thread is manipulating a group at a time.
DefaultLockRegistry performs this function within a single component; you can now configure an external lock registry on these components.
When used with a shared
MessageGroupStore, the
JdbcLockRegistry can be use to provide this functionality across multiple application instances, such that only one instance can manipulate the group at a time.
When a lock is released by a local thread, another local thread will generally be able to acquire the lock immediately. If a lock is released by a thread using a different registry instance, it can take up to 100ms to acquire the lock.
JdbcLockRegistry is based on the
LockRepository abstraction, where a
DefaultLockRepository implementation is present.
The data base schema scripts are located in the
org.springframework.integration.jdbc package divided to the particular RDBMS vendors.
For example the H2 DDL for lock table looks like:
CREATE TABLE INT_LOCK ( LOCK_KEY CHAR(36), REGION VARCHAR(100), CLIENT_ID CHAR(36), CREATED_DATE TIMESTAMP NOT NULL, constraint LOCK_PK primary key (LOCK_KEY, REGION) );
INT_ can be changed according to the target data base design requirements.
prefix property must be used on the
DefaultLockRepository bean definition.
Sometimes it happens that one application has moved to the state when it can't release distributed lock - remove the particular record in the data base.
For this purpose such dead locks can be expired by the other application on the next locking invocation.
timeToLive (TTL) option on the
DefaultLockRepository is provided for this purpose.


text:
NEW YORK (AP) — Hostess is moving ahead with plans to sell its Twinkies and other snack cakes after nobody stepped forward to top an offer made by two investment firms.
The bankrupt company had earlier picked a $410 million joint offer from Metropoulos & Co. and Apollo Global Management as the "stalking horse" bid to set the floor for an auction. Others were then given a chance to submit competing bids and Hostess CEO Greg Rayburn had predicted the process would be "wild and wooly."
But in a document filed in U.S. bankruptcy court on Monday, Hostess Brands said no other qualified offers were submitted by the bid deadline. No auction will be held as a result for the cakes, which include CupCakes, Ding Dongs and Ho Hos.
A spokesman for Hostess said the company had no comment on the lack of competing bids. A representative for Apollo, whose investments include the fast-food chains Carl's Jr. and Hardee's, declined to comment on when Hostess cakes might return to shelves. A representative for Metropoulos, which owns Pabst beer, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Hostess had also canceled an auction for its Wonder and other major bread brands after no competing offers were made. Those breads are being sold to Flowers Foods, which is based in Thomasville, Ga., and makes Tastykakes and Nature's Own bread. The final sales of the breads and Hostess snack cakes are set to be approved in Bankruptcy Court on March 19.
McKee Foods, which makes Little Debbie snack cakes, was picked as the lead bidder for Drake's cakes, which include Devil Dogs, Funny Bones and Yodels. The deadline to submit competing offers for the snack cakes is Tuesday, with an auction set for Friday.
Hostess stopped making its cakes and breads in late November after it announced it was going out of business and closing its plants following years of financial struggles.


text:
As of GHC version 4.08, we have adopted the following policy for numbering GHC versions:
These are numbered x.yy.z, where yy is even, and z is the patchlevel number (the trailing .z can be omitted if z is zero). Patchlevels are bug-fix releases only, and never change the programmer interface to any system-supplied code. However, if you install a new patchlevel over an old one you will need to recompile any code that was compiled against the old libraries.
The value of __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ (see Section 4.12.3) for a major release x.yy.z is the integer xyy.
We may make snapshot releases of the current development sources from time to time, and the current sources are always available via the CVS repository (see the GHC web site for details).
Snapshot releases are named x.yy.YYYYMMDD where yy is odd, and YYYYMMDD is the date of the sources from which the snapshot was built. In theory, you can check out the exact same sources from the CVS repository using this date.
The value of __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ for a snapshot release is the integer xyy. You should never write any conditional code which tests for this value, however: since interfaces change on a day-to-day basis, and we don't have finer granularity in the values of __GLASGOW_HASKELL__, you should only conditionally compile using predicates which test whether __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ is equal to, later than, or earlier than a given major release.
The version number of your copy of GHC can be found by invoking ghc with the --version flag (see Section 4.4).


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As you've no doubt heard by now an Italian appellate has court overturned a lower court decision that acquitted Amanda Knox in the Perugia murder of her housemate Meredith Kercher. Two questions immediately present themselves: 1. If she's found guilty, would the United States extradite her at Italy's request? 2. Why won't Italy let this go?
By way of addressing the first question, in response to a New York magazine article, a commenter named Soma writes:
Extradition treaties work both ways. The US recently extradited Al Qaeda terrorism suspects from Italy … would they want to jeopardise future extradition requests to Italy & the larger EU? I doubt it.
At Slate, Justin Peters writes:
More likely is that, if Knox is convicted again, Italy won't even bother requesting her extradition. Doing so would cause a small but real international incident, something that both nations would prefer to avoid. The two countries will reach some sort of agreement, and Knox will never spend another day in an Italian jail.
In the same vein, MSN reports that it
…spoke with English and Italian legal consultant and attorney Alessandro Canali from Rome [who said that] extraditing Knox would run up against an insurmountable legal hurdle: It would be unconstitutional. … "The United States will never grant extradition to Italy because the conviction of Amanda would be in conflict with the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.…
Indeed, the Fifth Amendment's "double jeopardy clause" states, "[N]or shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb," … Italy may have different constitutional principles when it comes to double jeopardy, but Knox isn't in Italy anymore, and she can rest assured that she won't be forced to go there.
But, reports Gary J. Remal for the Boston Herald, "if anyone believes they know how Knox's case will be resolved, [Paulo Barrozo, a Boston College international criminal law expert] believes they are likely mistaken." If Ms. Knox were found guilty again
American officials would then have to decide whether to honor an extradition request that violates a constitutional protection against double jeopardy. In Italian law, based on Roman and Athenian law, double jeopardy protections only kick in after all prosecution appeals in an original case are exhausted.
… "So maybe this will become the setting for double jeopardy to be decided" between Italy and the U.S., said. "But both countries are likely to want to make that move carefully since it could affect legal relations between the two for years or decades to come. They have extraditions all the time. They may not want this case to set a precedent."
"The one certainty I have," Barrozo told Remal, "is it will take a long time."
He expects legal wrangling in Italy and in the U.S., if the conviction is restored, will last for as long as six years.
Returning to the New York magazine article, commenter Bradley writes that extradition treaty between the United States and Italy is (emphasis added — assuming he's correct)
… a little less permissive than you sometimes find. Many countries negotiate provisions giving them the explicit discretion to refuse extradition of one of their own nationals. This treaty doesn't say that, and it contains a provision suggesting the opposite.
Still, Bradley
…can think of a few reasons why the U.S. Justice Department, for practical and political reasons, might not consent to her re-trial in this case in which she was already acquitted. And relations with Italy on justice issues are a little frosty right now over that CIA hit or kidnapping or whatever it was we did over there. Doesn't seem to me as though we owe the Italians any favors at the moment.
Bradley may be referring to Italy's conviction of 23 Americans for CIA renditions in 2009. Peters at Slate reinforces his view:
I predict that, even if she is convicted in absentia, there's no way that Knox will be extradited back to Italy to serve her sentence. Knox is a cause célèbre in the U.S., and her partisans will exert significant pressure on the government to deny any extradition request.
Whether or not Barrozo is correct and the United States does consent to extradite (from MSN again):
As to whether Italian prosecutors know that the U.S. Constitution gives them no chance of getting Knox back into prison, Canali says "I don't think they've realized that yet."
That's as poor a reflection on Italy as reopening this farce of a case. One can't help but think it's just a last-ditch effort to save face. Along with the emotional wear and tear on Ms. Knox and her family, as well as the central tragedy of Ms. Kercher's murder, we shouldn't forget Ms. Knox's then-boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito, who was also convicted, cleared, and re-charged. As MSN reports:
Sollecito, an Italian, isn't in the same boat and could find himself behind bars if he's reconvicted.


text:
One of the ironies of being a startup is that when you are small no one can put you out of business but you. Paradoxically, as your revenues and market share increase the risk of competitors damaging your company increases.
Often the cause is the inability to grow the startup past the worldview of its founders.
We're Getting Our Butts Kicked
One of my ex-engineering students helped start a six-year old company headquartered in Los Angeles that sells to government agencies. (They had funded this company themselves after their last networking company got acquired.) While he had designed a good part of the product, he now found himself the titular head of sales and marketing. We usually catch up when he's in town, but this time he said he was bringing his co-founder.
"We're trying to solve a puzzle in sales. We're not sure you know anything about our market but we sure would like to talk it through. We're suddenly getting our butts kicked in our sales to the government."
I knew their business fairly well. They were the darlings of the three-letter agencies in Washington. Their equipment was used almost everywhere. And for the last few years they couldn't make and deliver their product fast enough. Last year they had done over $50 million in sales. Now, over lunch I heard that for the first time sales were getting tougher. It even looked as if they might not make this year's sales forecast.
"What's changed?" I asked. "Well things were going great last year, but now we're competing for larger orders and for the first time we have to go through competitive bids with formal Request For Proposals – RFP's. Fortune 100 companies who never had a product in this space are saying that they can deliver what we can. We know that's not true, but we're getting our butts kicked. They're also bundling in services and other products we don't have and can't offer. We even lost a few orders we didn't even know were out for bid."
He's A Nice Guy
Trying to understand a bit more about their sales process, I asked them to tell me why their sales were so easy for the last few years. My student looked almost blissful when he described the process, "Oh, customers found our product by word of mouth. We solve a really hard and important problem. We'd give a demo, they'd bring their boss over, jaws would drop, and we'd get an order. We'd install the system, more people could see what it would do and then we'd get more orders. Doing all those demos took up a lot of my travel time so I hired someone from one of the customers as our Washington sales person." Hmm, a hint.
My student had always struck me as very smart, driven, articulate and a "nice guy." His co-founder seemed to have the same temperament. I ventured a question, "Is your sales head a nice guy?" "Why yes, he fits perfectly into our company culture." And he then went into a long soliloquy about their company culture of respect, ethics, compatibility, mission, etc, etc.
"So do your competitors have the same culture?"
The Peter Pan Syndrome
There was a bit of a pause as he thought, and said, "I don't exactly know, but I'd guess not. They're mostly multi-billion dollar companies who've been around a long time and they seem a lot tougher and willing to do anything to get an order. They even put things in their RFP responses that I bet aren't true."
It was about then that I remembered that one of the key reasons that these entrepreneurs had funded the company themselves was that they didn't want any VC's on their board. "Our VC's screwed us in our last company, and now that we could afford it we don't need them." So far they hadn't seemed to suffer. But now I was curious. "Any killer sales people on your board of directors?" They listed a couple of world-class engineering professors and a retired customer who had pointed them to some key early sales. But it dawned on me what they might be missing.
A Killer Sales Culture
"My first observation is that you guys don't even know what you don't know," I suggested. "Large procurements for government agencies are being played out on level you aren't participating in. There's a game going on around you that you don't even know about." So far they hadn't got up and left so I continued. "I think the root cause is that you two are "nice guys." Your company needs to grow up – not in a way that changes your entire company culture, but enough to realize that the world outside your offices doesn't match your idealistic view of how things should operate. The question is whether you are willing to accept that some part of how you sell may have to change."
My ex-student asked, "Are you suggesting we hire a new Washington sales person?" "Actually no. Not yet," I offered. Of all cities, Washington had an abundance of seasoned sales people that could teach them how the game was played. Turning to my student, "I think you need to go to Washington, hire one or more of these grizzled sales veterans as consultants and have them teach you what you need to know. If you are going to compete in Federal procurements, your company is going to have to grow up to play on another level, and eventually you are going to have to hire a team that can play that game.
But first you need to become a domain expert. Spend a year in Washington."
Lessons Learned
- When the big guys discover your market you need to recognize their game.
- You don't have to play by their rules, but to understand what they are.
- Then you need to develop a strategy that lets you compete.
- Otherwise they will eat your lunch.
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