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Deep Drawable Steels: Part One
Thermo-Mechanical Treatment (TMT) of Non-Ferrous Alloys: Part One
Material Console provides multiple functionalities to support more efficient, accurate and personalized material selection decisions.
Click here to see more.
Total Materia has allowed us to solve in a definite way all problems we had for the search of alternate materials in foreign countries. Thanks to Total Materia we have issued real "international" specs for purchase of steels in foreign countries.
Total Materia remains the only tool which will be used for this purpose.
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Bonfiglioli Industrial Gearmotors, Bologna, Italy
Our mission is simple;to make Total Materiathe one-stop place andfirst choice of engineersworld wide.
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Various shipbuilding requirements, such as reduction in welding man-hours, shortening of welding lines, elimination of cutting steps, stabilization of fabricated part quality and reduction in control costs, have been met by developing TMCP high-strength steels that require no preheating for welding, irregular-section plates and plates with close dimensional tolerances, and by increasing the stringency of pre-shipment plate quality control.
A demand for heavy thick plates with a good combination of high strength, toughness, and weldability has been widely growing in recent years for large container ship building. Because of this, e tra high-strength termomechanically processed steels TMCP have been developed to be more user friendly than the traditional steels.
E cellent handling properties are based on thermomechanical treatment that reduces the need for e cessive use of alloying elements to strengthen the steel. TMCP plates are thermomechanically controlled rolled, and with greater plate thicknesses, also accelerated cooled after rolling.
Generally, TMCP steels are supplied as heavy plates, surface treated plates and plate components. Due to the very low carbon equivalent, TMCP steels are easily weldable using all common processes. In addition, they are easy to form, bend and edge.
TMCP steels give many monetary advantages to the shipbuilder:
The successful application of thermo-mechanical control process (TMCP) with the recent innovative technology has induced the development of EH36, EH40, and EH47 grade steel plates. The alloying elements such as boron, copper, and nickel were added and the rolling and cooling processes were strongly and precisely controlled to improve the strength and toughness at the same time. EH36 steel plate for high heat input welding was successfully developed with good toughness at the heat affected zone (HAZ) by increasing the thermal stability of TIN particles at the high temperature.
The quality of shipbuilding steels has an e tremely large impact on the quality, efficiency and cost of ships built from those steels. Many steel producers established a system to supply wide and long plates to the shipbuilding industry.
Various shipbuilding requirements, such as reduction in welding man-hours, shortening of welding lines, elimination of cutting steps, stabilization of fabricated part quality and reduction in control costs, have been met by developing TMCP high-strength steels that require no preheating for welding, irregular-section plates and plates with close dimensional tolerances, and by increasing the stringency of pre-shipment plate quality control. Table 1 shows the common steel grades for shipbuilding.
Shipbuilding traditionally uses structural steel plate to fabricate ship hulls. Modern steel plates have much higher tensile strengths than their predecessors, making them much better suited to the efficient construction of large container ships.
A particular type of plate is available with a designed-in resistance to corrosion, ideal for building oil tankers. Such steels make possible much lighter vessels than before, or larger capacity vessels for the same weight, offering significant opportunities to save on fuel consumption and hence CO2 emission.
The advanced steels used in these steel-plate applications also find uses in a number of related industries. Offshore oil rigs, bridges, civil engineering and construction machines, rail carriages, tanks and pressure vessels, nuclear, thermal and hydroelectric plants – all these applications benefit from the attributes of modern steels.
In recent years, more attention has been paid to the safety and durability of ships and environment protection of sea, which have lead to the development of new structural steel plates. One of them is the development of more corrosion resistant plates for double-hull tankers. Crude oil carriers are now required to have double hulls to prevent oil spill, and an increase in temperature in oil tanks with the double hull structure increases the likelihood of corrosion of upper deck steel plates exposed to the vapor space in the tanks. To prevent the corrosion and to increase the life time of the ships, different corrosion resistant steel palates have been developed.
The development of new steel plates has also been made to increase construction efficiency and thereby to decrease construction cost. Longitudinally profiled (LP) steel plates were developed in this context. Thickness change within a plate was achieved by controlled rolling, which made it possible to replace the plates which had been made by welding steel plates of different thickness, and therefore to reduce the welding time and cost.
Another development is concerned with residual stress retaining in steel plates. TMCP steel plates are likely to possess residual stresses from their production, and this often results in distortion in different ways after cutting and welding of the plates. In order to achieve residual stress-reduced steel plates, temperature differences over the large surface area in a wide and long plate and through the thickness should be minimized and cold levering is also used for the purpose of reducing inhomogeneous stress for block shape accuracy.
A number of research projects are currently being carried out on the European and national levels to improve the application of lasers and optical technologies in shipbuilding. In laser beam welding, centre line solidification cracks in the fused zone are in issue and can limit the travel speed and hence productivity.
The fused zones are typically of the same composition as the steel being welded and whilst there are several welding procedural factors which can be used to minimize the risk of cracking, the problem hinges on the steel composition. Lower S and P levels may thus be required as shown in Table 2.
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For example, by clicking on the chemical composition link on the subgroup page it is possible to view chemical composition data for the material.
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For you're a chance to take a test drive of the Total Materia database, we invite you to join a community of over 150,000 registered users through the Total Materia Free Demo.


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November 2011 : Saturday Nov 2011 : Saturday
Chicago Forever
Uptick in Prints
We've added a new Limited Annum series of prints, and they have really picked up for the holiday season – so, thanks! You can buy most any photo here and have it customized to your desire. Just click on the photo and it will take you to SmugMug. Along the top, you buy the print and get all the info you need.
Daily Photo – Chicago Forever
I took this from on top of one of the highest buildings in Chicago. Everyone else was shooting in the other direction – towards all the big buildings. Well, I did too to be honest… but, then I came over here… looking out this way was strangely compelling, so I decided to give it a go! 🙂

subset: commoncrawl


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What 'Meh' Says About Us
Meh, the unimpressed expression of "who cares" coined on The Simpsons, has now officially entered the lexicon. It's being listed in the Collins English Dictionary! In these crazy times of war and crumbling economy it could have been some dread-filled "word" like ZOMG that got the honor, or it may have been a Hope and Change rally word like Obamamania (well, all right, that would never happen, but still). I guess it speaks to a young generation defined not by apathy exactly, but by a sense that we're (they're?) not supposed to be easily impressed, that this dismissive, tarty little word made the list. Kids have been sort of unimpressable for a while now, probably, but only recently has the idea of childhood become such a resoundingly cynical one. Markets are tested and groups are focused and everything's dangerous and sarcasm is now mistaken for cute, youthful willfulness. That 'meh' became the battle cry for this seen-it-all generation makes perfect sense; it's funny in its onomatopoeic nonsensicalness—it's like someone gave up halfway when trying to come up with a word. It's a bit sarcastic, just like kids like it, and it came from a pop culture touchstone. It worked its way up, in such a modern little cyber-organic way, through the school halls and internet chatting rooms and it's now in a big British book. It even beat out the über-popular Sex and the City term "frenemy," which was being considered too! Maybe that means that a meh attitude isn't a path to slackerness and failure, but rather an alternative route to success! The meh sentiment demands a lot—impress me!, it yells. And maybe that's a good thing. Or, you know, whatever. Maybe not. Who cares anyway.


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Do check out Export to Catalog and Import from Catalog.
Thanks AllegrettoThis is a rather nice forum without the fanboyism I tend to find elsewhere. I alsready have LR and PS so I have a bit of a bias to work with these. An update. Following the device from others here, I have now got LR running on my ultrabook and I will do a test transfer with a few shots on the next few days. But I'll keep your suggestions in mind allegretto. If I think I have the need (or if curiosity gets the better of me), I'll have a play with a trial version.Thanks again everyone.
Now what I want is a tablet with enough grunt to handle Lightroom and a usb3 port for the hard drive and about 10 hours battery life. No such device as yet, but it will happen in the next few years I think.
What I really want now (and I think everyone does) is a tablet with enough grunt to run LR and connection for a hard drive. It will come.


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Would you like even MORE chances to win free delicious candy?! Please CLICK HERE to join in on a current challenge for Simon Says Stamp fans!
Just CLICK HERE and join in! FUN AT PAPER CRAFT PLANET!
WHAT: Simon is challenging you to play along with us for the third challenge!!! It will be an easy one to start, with prizes!!!!!
WHEN: NOW until MARCH 14, 2010 to complete this challenge.
WHO: fans of Simon Says Stamp, crafty guys and gals, Design Team members (yes, you too can play along!!), kids, dogs, anyone can play along!!!!!
THE PRIZE: The winner will receive their choice of THREE ink pads from Simon Says Stamp Superstore!!!!
THE CHALLENGE: Colour challenge: USE dark brown, vanilla (cream), and teal in a card, scrapbook page or project. Anything goes, as long as you use those three colours!!!!
TO ENTER: upload your photo of your project with the tag "simon3" - all lower case, no spaces.
Chris will add all photos to the slideshow for all to see!!!
Winner will be announced March 15.
Any questions, please ask!!!! We can't wait to see what you create!!!!! Go to the challenge NOW....
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Sober Living in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Pawtucket, Rhode Island offers brand new sober living and recovery resources for men and women in recovery from addiction while incorporating years of expertise and professionalism. Close to Providence – Pawtucket, Rhode Island offers many of the services available in a major city, but with a bit of a small-town feel. Former host to the Pawtucket Red Sox, Pawtucket Rhode Island has many unique and interesting features for visitors and residents alike!
Pawtucket, Rhode Island Addiction Recovery
Pawtucket's recovery community is supportive and encouraging to those in recovery. Care providers across Rhode Island are dedicated and devoted to supporting sober houses and recovery living across the state. Educated and empathetic towards recovering addicts, Pawtucket's recovery community and town leadership supports and encourages their recovery community. The opioid epidemic has had a devastating effect on the city, and everyone offering care and resources to those in recovery understand they must work together to win our war against drugs and alcohol and the damage they cause.
Sober Living Community in Pawtucket
Pawtucket's community leaders have a longstanding commitment to working together in service of those in recovery, including collaborations with the Rhode Island Sheriff's Departments, Pawtucket Police Department, the Rhode Island Department of Public Health, and many private organizations. Pawtucket is home to many organizations serving those in recovery, and many of Pawtucket's organizations reach throughout Rhode Island with addiction recovery resources.
A list of all sober houses in Pawtucket, Rhode Island is available below.
Chartered Vanderburgh House Locations in Worcester, Massachusetts
Vanderburgh House is a sober living operator headquartered in Worcester, Massachusetts, offering sober living for both men and women throughout the state. Vanderburgh House is the first and only organization offering charters for sober living homes in New England, each following a set of strict quality standards and offering unmatched service to residents. The Sober House Directory highly recommends any chartered Vanderburgh House home. You can view their Massachusetts homes here or reach them directly by calling (844) 762-3747.
Interested in becoming a Vanderburgh House resident? Visit their application page to apply online. Applications take about five minutes to complete, and most applications can be approved within 24 hours.
Vanderburgh House began operating sober living homes in 2016. Since then, Vanderburgh House has contributed to the recovery community in many neighborhoods, strengthening and supporting the recovery community through promoting sober living and creation of recovery residences.
Sober House Certification in Rhode Island
Rhode Island's sober houses are certified by the Ocean State Coalition of Recovery Homes or OSCRH..
Sober House Directory provides information on sober house certification for each state in the database. Please visit the Rhode Island Sober House Certification page for more information about sober house certification in this state.
Recovery Resources in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Our journey through recovery often requires much more than sober housing. In addition to certification information, Sober House Directory provides state-by-state information for recovery resources. For recovery resources in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Please visit the Rhode Island Sober House Recovery Resources page for more information.
Vanderburgh House Sober Living in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Vanderburgh House is proud to offer our first certified sober house in Pawtucket, the Rogers Sober House for Men. We are excited to bring high-quality structured and certified sober living to our residents and look forward to years of serving the Pawtucket, Rhode Island recovery community with sober living resources close to Providence.
Kayaly Sober House Level 3 | Vanderburgh House Sober Living for Women in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
560 Toll Gate Road, Warwick, Rhode Island, USA
Gender: Women
Rents Start at: $180 per weekView Property
Kayaly Sober House Level 2 | Vanderburgh House Sober Living for Women in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
552 Toll Gate Road, Warwick, Rhode Island, USA
Gender: Women
Rents Start at: $180 per weekView Property
Sanctuary Recovery Sober Living Residences- Pawtucket, RI
Paisley Street, Pawtucket, RI 02860, USA
Gender: MenView Property
Sanctuary Recovery Sober Living Residences- Manchester House 2
Manchester Street, Pawtucket, RI 02860, USA
Gender: MenView Property
Sanctuary Recovery Residences- Pawtucket, RI
Jackson St, Pawtucket, RI, USA
Gender: WomenView Property
Sanctuary Recovery Sober Living Residences- Manchester House 1 Pawtucket, RI
Manchester Street, Pawtucket, RI 02860, USA
Gender: MenView Property
Brisan Sober House, South Street, Pawtucket, RI
South Street, Pawtucket, RI 02860, USA
Gender: MenView Property
Kayaly Sober House | Vanderburgh House Sober Living for Men in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
105 Beechwood Ave, Pawtucket, RI, USA
Gender: Men
Rents Start at: $180 per weekView Property
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Taylor Swift Threatens to Sue Website Over Fake Naked Photos
Taylor Swift has always been known for her squeaky clean image and kind demeanor, so it quite surprising to hear her name associated with any sort of scandal or controversy. That's why our jaws nearly dropped when we heard that the country songstress was getting ready to sue a website for leaking fake naked photos of Swift.
TMZ is reporting that Taylor Swift is threatening to sue a website called Celebrity Jihad after the site published nude photos claiming they were of Ms. Swift. The photo that incited the battle is of a topless woman who slightly resembles Swift, and underneath the picture Celebrity Jihad used the headline "Taylor Swift Topless Private Pic Leaked?"
Now, Swift may be nice, but she's certainly not afraid to get a little 'Mean' when it comes to private matters such as this. TMZ said that Taylor's lawyers have already sent a letter to the website ordering them to remove the picture — if they fail to comply, Swift is ready to sue for trademark infringement. The letter actually stated the website published "false pornographic images and false 'news' about the singer."
TMZ spoke to Celebrity Jihad, and a rep for the site said they are weighing their options. It doesn't seem like there are many options, unless they want to get their pants sued off! We think it's just plain wrong to take advantage of a young girl like Swift who strives to be a role model for young fans.


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Water filter (Ice & Water and Automatic Ice models only)
All the water to your refrigerator is filtered to remove impurities through a filter cartridge located in a position of your choice outside the refrigerator. This will need changing approximately every 6 months.
- There is a replacement indicator icon on the internal control panel (Ice & Water and Automatic Ice models) and external display (Ice & Water models only) which will appear when the filter needs replacing. It will flash, as a reminder, when water is dispensed.
- Replacement filter cartridges are available from your Fisher & Paykel trained and supported service technician. The details of the replacement filter cartridge are labelled on the cartridge.
Changing the water filter cartridge
It is not necessary to turn off the water supply before attempting to change the water filter cartridge.
- Grasp and firmly twist the cartridge in an anti-clockwise direction (to the left when installed in the recommended orientation).
- Pull the cartridge away from the filter head (down when installed in the recommended orientation).
– It is not unusual for a few drops of water to be present when the filter is removed.
- Discard the old filter.
- Filter installation:
– Remove protective cap on spigot on head.
– Push the cartridge up towards filter head while rotating it in a clockwise direction (to the right when installed in the recommended orientation).
- Reset filter indicator icon on the display (this will remind you when the filter is due to be replaced again).
- To flush the water filter of any trapped air, harmless carbon fines and to also check for leaks, disconnect the tubing from the back of the refrigerator, aim the end of the tubing into a bucket, turn isolating tap on and run at least 4L of water through. Once complete turn isolating tap off. Reconnect the tubing.
- A few drips may appear out of the dispenser over the next few days as the remaining trapped air is cleared.
Changing the water filter cartridge
To reset the filter indicator
We recommend the water filter to be used from the time of installation.
Do not reset indicator before filter is changed or filter monitoring will be inaccurate.
Press and hold , and for 4 seconds to reset the internal and external filter indicators.
- The icon on the internal and external displays will turn off when reset.
To disable the filter indicator
if disabled, you will not be reminded to next change your filter.
- When no filter is fitted, you can disable the filter indicator.
- Press and hold , and for 4 seconds to turn this feature off, the icon will flash once on the internal and external displays.
- We recommend that you do not disable the filter indicator if you have a filter fitted to the connection.
- To turn this feature on press and hold , and for 4 seconds, the icon on the internal and external displays will flash twice.
- To avoid serious illness or death, do not use the water filter where water is unsafe or of unknown quality.
- The water filter cartridge needs to be changed when the filter indicator icon flashes on the interface panel.
- We recommend the water filter cartridge is replaced when the internal and external icons illuminate. This will happen every 6 months.
- If the water filtration system has been allowed to freeze, replace filter cartridge.
- The rate of water flow through the water dispenser can slow down as the filter cartridge accumulates any sediments which may be present in the water supplied to your home. This varies depending upon your local water quality, which may require your filter cartridge to be changed more frequently.
- In cases of excessively reduced filter life we recommend that you consult a local plumber or your water supplier for advice on suitable filtration requirements for the water supplied to your home.
- Filter replacement is the consumer's responsibility and will not be covered by the warranty except in the case of faulty parts or materials within the filter cartridge.
- If the water has not been dispensed for some time or water has an unpleasant taste or odour, flush system by dispensing 4L of water.
- If unpleasant taste or odour persists, you may wish to fit a new filter cartridge.


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You already know to budget for tips when you travel. But you should also know who to tip when you travel.
It's a no-brainer to tip the maid—at least a couple bucks a day.
But don't forget to leave a tip if you're staying at a bed and breakfast, or even a rental property. Those places have to get cleaned too.
Did you get any recommendations or reservations from the hotel concierge? You should reward those tips with a small tip.
Plus, with so many airport pickups and ride-share services being booked online or through apps, a lot of people forget to bring cash to tip their drivers.
That free courtesy shuttle? It's always nice to give the driver a buck or two, especially if he helped you with your luggage.
Remember, while tipping is commonplace in the U.S. the rules change when you go abroad. Look for an app like GlobeTipping, which gives you suggestions in 200 countries.
Even Starbucks has an app that lets you tip baristas straight from your phone, so watch out for that technology in more establishments.
Source: http://petergreenberg.com/2014/04/02/who-to-tip-travel/
Extra resources:


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This site is the archived OWASP Foundation Wiki and is no longer accepting Account Requests.
To view the new OWASP Foundation website, please visit https://owasp.org
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
- This is an Attack. To view all attacks, please see the Attack Category page.
Last revision (mm/dd/yy): 05/27/2009
CSRF is an attack which forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which he/she is currently authenticated. With a little help of social engineering (like sending a link via email/chat), an attacker may force the users of a web application to execute actions of the attacker's choosing. A successful CSRF exploit can compromise end user data and operation in case of normal user. If the targeted end user is the administrator account, this can compromise the entire web application.
Related Security Activities
How to Review Code for CSRF Vulnerabilities
See the OWASP Code Review Guide article on how to Reviewing code for CSRF Vulnerabilities.
How to Test for CSRF Vulnerabilities
See the OWASP Testing Guide article on how to Test for CSRF Vulnerabilities.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack that tricks the victim into loading a page that contains a malicious request. It is malicious in the sense that it inherits the identity and privileges of the victim to perform an undesired function on the victim's behalf, like change the victim's e-mail address, home address, or password, or purchase something. CSRF attacks generally target functions that cause a state change on the server but can also be used to access sensitive data.
For most sites, browsers will automatically include with such requests any credentials associated with the site, such as the user's session cookie, basic auth credentials, IP address, Windows domain credentials, etc. Therefore, if the user is currently authenticated to the site, the site will have no way to distinguish this from a legitimate user request.
In this way, the attacker can make the victim perform actions that they didn't intend to, such as logout, purchase item, change account information, retrieve account information, or any other function provided by the vulnerable website.
Sometimes, it is possible to store the CSRF attack on the vulnerable site itself. Such vulnerabilities are called Stored CSRF flaws. This can be accomplished by simply storing an IMG or IFRAME tag in a field that accepts HTML, or by a more complex cross-site scripting attack. If the attack can store a CSRF attack in the site, the severity of the attack is amplified. In particular, the likelihood is increased because the victim is more likely to view the page containing the attack than some random page on the Internet. The likelihood is also increased because the victim is sure to be authenticated to the site already.
Synonyms: CSRF attacks are also known by a number of other names, including XSRF, "Sea Surf", Session Riding, Cross-Site Reference Forgery, Hostile Linking. Microsoft refers to this type of attack as a One-Click attack in their threat modeling process and many places in their online documentation.
Prevention measures that do NOT work
- Using a secret cookie
- Remember that all cookies, even the secret ones, will be submitted with every request. All authentication tokens will be submitted regardless of whether or not the end-user was tricked into submitting the request. Furthermore, session identifiers are simply used by the application container to associate the request with a specific session object. The session identifier does not verify that the end-user intended to submit the request.
- Only accepting POST requests
- Applications can be developed to only accept POST requests for the execution of business logic. The misconception is that since the attacker cannot construct a malicious link, a CSRF attack cannot be executed. Unfortunately, this logic is incorrect. There are numerous methods in which an attacker can trick a victim into submitting a forged POST request, such as a simple form hosted in attacker's website with hidden values. This form can be triggered automatically by JavaScript or can be triggered by the victim who thinks form will do something else.
Risk Factors
How does the attack work?
There are numerous ways in which an end-user can be tricked into loading information from or submitting information to a web application. In order to execute an attack, we must first understand how to generate a malicious request for our victim to execute. Let us consider the following example: Alice wishes to transfer $100 to Bob using bank.com. The request generated by Alice will look similar to the following:
POST http://bank.com/transfer.do HTTP/1.1 ... ... ... Content-Length: 19; acct=BOB&amount=100
However, Maria notices that the same web application will execute the same transfer using URL parameters as follows:
GET http://bank.com/transfer.do?acct=BOB&amount=100 HTTP/1.1
Maria now decides to exploit this web application vulnerability using Alice as her victim. Maria first constructs the following URL which will transfer $100,000 from Alice's account to her account:
Now that her malicious request is generated, Maria must trick Alice into submitting the request. The most basic method is to send Alice an HTML email containing the following:
View my Pictures!
Assuming Alice is authenticated with the application when she clicks the link, the transfer of $100,000 to Maria's account will occur. However, Maria realizes that if Alice clicks the link, then Alice will notice that a transfer has occurred. Therefore, Maria decides to hide the attack in a zero-byte image:

If this image tag were included in the email, Alice would only see a little box indicating that the browser could not render the image. However, the browser will still submit the request to bank.com without any visual indication that the transfer has taken place.
Related Threat Agents
Related Attacks
Related Vulnerabilities
Related Controls
- Add a per-request nonce to URL and all forms in addition to the standard session. This is also referred to as "form keys". Many frameworks (ex, Drupal.org 4.7.4+) either have or are starting to include this type of protection "built-in" to every form so the programmer does not need to code this protection manually.
- TBD: Add a per-session nonce to URL and all forms
- TBD: Add a hash(session id, function name, server-side secret) to URL and all forms
- TBD: .NET - add session identifier to ViewState with MAC
- Checking HTTP referrer details can help mitigate the attack but does certainly not provide a bullet proof solution. By ensuring the HTTP posts have come from the original site means that the attacks from other sites will not function. However, if the CSRF attack was used in combination with XSS on the original site then this mechanism will not provide any protection. Furthermore, it is increasingly common for firewalls or browser plugins/settings to strip the referrer header, in which case legitimate requests would be denied.
- "Although cross-site request forgery is fundamentally a problem with the web application, not the user, users can help protect their accounts at poorly designed sites by logging off the site before visiting another, or clearing their browser's cookies at the end of each browser session." -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery#_note-1
- Tokenizing
- quote: "This paper serves as a living document for Cross-Site Request Forgery issues. This document will serve as a repository of information from existing papers, talks, and mailing list postings and will be updated as new information is discovered."
- CSRF (aka Session riding) paper from the OWASP Testing Guide project (need to integrate)
- Overview Paper
- Martin Johns and Justus Winter's interesting paper and presentation for the 4th OWASP AppSec Conference which described potential techniques that browsers could adopt to automatically provide CSRF protection - PDF paper
- A J2EE Filter which appends a unique request token to each form and link in the HTML response in order to provide universal coverage against CSRF throughout your entire application.
- The OWASP CSRFTester gives developers the ability to test their applications for CSRF flaws.


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Welcome to Ask Shopify, a series where ecommerce experts tackle real questions from store owners who are trying to launch, build, and scale their stores. We're here to help with every aspect of your store, from marketing to HR to accounting.
Who's we? We're the ecommerce experts both inside and outside of Shopify. Between our team, who spend all day immersed in the world of ecommerce (and who sometimes run stores themselves!) our squad of Shopify Experts, and our amazing customers, we have access to world-class expertise—and now you do too. So let's dig in and get to your questions, because they're good ones.
Is it better to start from scratch and design your own store, or hand it over to the experts? Every time I've consulted with a web developer they never quite seem to grasp the concept, yet when I try myself I know what I am going for, just not how to go about doing it. What would be the best thing to do in this situation?
When you're new to building an online store, it's easy to think that hiring a pro is the best option to bring your vision to life. However, communicating what's in your head to another person, and working with them to make it a reality, isn't always a perfectly smooth process—especially if you're not familiar with how websites are built, or the terminology in the industry.
While there's no one right way to start your store, and we know of many successful stores that have started by working with seasoned web professionals right off the bat, it sounds like what might be holding you back from a DIY-first approach is a lack of confidence in your ability to bring your vision to life on your own.
Hire experts with proven, Shopify-specific skills
The Shopify Experts Marketplace is a curated community of experienced agencies and freelancers who specialize in supporting businesses built on Shopify. Browse profiles and submit a job to get matched to qualified experts.Hire expert help today
That's why to help answer your question, we spoke with two people who brought their stores to life without hiring someone. Spoiler alert: they highly recommend it.
Victory Omotayo, founder of Her Crown Collection, which sells hair extensions
Kiersten Hanly, co-founder of Scrub Inspired, which sells all-natural face and body scrubs
Both of them are Shopify merchants, and work at Shopify by day—but importantly, neither of them are designers or developers. They were just as new to building an online store as you are.
Here's a bit more about how that process worked for them, what they learned, and what they'd recommend to someone at the start of their journey.
Yes, you can DIY
Even if you've never built a website before, much less an online store, both women were clear that you can build a version of your store yourself.
"My business partner has a business and marketing background. I have a theater degree," says Kiersten, of Scrub Inspired. "We are the perfect example of people who have no idea what they're doing when it comes to technology, but with the resources that were made available to us, we could do pretty much anything."
Those resources included everything they could get their hands on, from Google searches, to forums, to help docs and more. After trying to tackle problems themselves, Kiersten mentioned that chatting in to Shopify's support team was also a great way to find answers and help when they needed it.
And yes, building a website yourself might involve some learning, whether it's from Google or your friendly neighbourhood Shopify Guru, but Victory Omotayo of Her Crown Collection saw big benefits from learning the basics of how her store works.
"I always say you should do it yourself to start with," says Victory. "Hiring a pro can feel reassuring, because you know they know what they're doing. But you'll still do some work, since you'll spend time with them so they understand what you want, and afterwards you'll need to rely on them for any changes. If you don't know how to change products in your store, for example, you'll have to call your developer every time you need a tweak."
Getting clear on the basics of how your store works is a good time investment for a small business, whether you DIY forever, or bring in pros later on in the process.
Choose the right theme
DIY-ing an online store these days doesn't mean you need to head over to Codecademy and dive into a few key coding languages. Instead, the first step to building your own store often starts with a theme—which can do most of the heavy code-lifting for you.
When Victory was building Her Crown Collection, "I just kept looking at different themes, both paid and free, and then one day I just bit the bullet and bought a theme. It was really nice, so I just started playing around with it. Every day I would tweak something, change a color here, and that's how I got to where I am today."
You're also not married to your first theme. Scrub Inspired has had three website versions so far, and Kiersten shared that it was their second theme that really hit the mark.
"When we were choosing a second theme, we went with the simplest, most basic long-term theme that Shopify had, which is 'Minimal.' We chose it because one, it's a Shopify theme, so when updates happen to Shopify, they'll update their own themes. Also, we knew we could make it look like anything."
If flexibility is important to you, as it was to Kiersten and Scrub Inspired, steal a page from their book and see how real businesses are using the theme you're considering before you commit.
"We did some research into other sites that had 'Minimal.' Some of them, you could tell that that was the theme, but most of them, you could adjust it enough that it just didn't look like a template. The goal for us was finding something simple that we could stamp our brand onto."
If you want to dig in to find examples of how other stores are using a theme, many theme pages will feature examples of the theme in action, like these examples of Minimal out in the world.
Kiersten also suggested reading through the comments left by other users on the theme's page, since the reviews will sometimes include a link back to their store, like this one from Americat Company.
Understand what makes a store great
With all of this talk of choosing the best Shopify themes, and hiring professionals, you'd be forgiven for thinking that those two things are the real make-or-break parts of your store. However, when it comes to ecommerce, there's nothing that can elevate (or sink) your store quite like your photography.
Whether it's your product photography, or the photography on your home page, it'll have a bigger impact than almost anything.
"I feel like the mistake most people make is they think 'Well, I just need to build a great website and that's it, and a developer can help me do that,'" says Victory. "What they forget is that photos are really important. Even if you hire a developer, if your photos aren't nice, they can't make your website beautiful, right? It's all about the pictures."
If you have any doubts, just do what Victory did and take a look at websites you really love, especially ones that are in your niche.
"When I first started Her Crown Collection, I looked at Luxy Hair, and I noticed that like their website just looks so beautiful because of the photos and the way it's arranged. When I saw that, I decided that 'You know, I'm going to invest and actually go into a studio and get my photos done' to work with the theme I had in mind."
Learn more: A seamless checkout process, Shop Pay checkouts convert at a 1.91x times higher than regular checkouts.
Know when to hire out
Just because you've chosen to DIY your website doesn't mean you're out on a limb by yourself forever. Actually, it's exactly the opposite: since you haven't committed a huge chunk of your business budget, you have more flexibility to hire experts for specific sections of your store or your project.
That's how Victory was able to pay for professional photos for her site, and it's how Scrub Inspired was able to work with a designer when they wanted to rebrand.
"When the business was growing, the next step for us was a rebrand. We wanted to figure out what our product looks like, and who we're selling this to, and use that information to inform all of our visuals," says Kiersten.
"That's the first time that we discussed with a designer, who worked with us on our brand. Building out our entire branding guide meant that when we were going to build a website, we knew what colors that we should be focusing on. We knew who our target market was. We knew what paths our buyers needed to be going down on the site."
That's a big benefit of starting slowly, especially if you're not sure how to communicate what you want to a pro just yet. Your DIY experience will help prepare you to work with a professional web designer or developer when the time is right.
Your DIY experience will help prepare you to work with a professional web designer or developer when the time is right.
You'll have real data about how your store has been performing, you'll have time to refine your thoughts on your brand and your target audience, and you'll be better able to show them what you do like, and what you wish you could change. In turn, the pros you hire will be able to see what you've done so far, and will be able to scale up or down the project based on their expertise.
Done is better than perfect
It's natural to want your store to be a picture-perfect reflection of your brand, your products, and your vision. It's your business, after all, and for many ecommerce entrepreneurs, it's the only storefront you have.
That said, the perfect store you have in your head can't accept orders until it's actually live in the world. You can't get feedback and make improvements to something that doesn't exist.
You can't get feedback and make improvements to something that doesn't exist.
"I know that a lot of people approach designing their stores thinking 'Do it right, or don't do it at all,'" says Kiersten. "Our approach was completely the opposite. It was 'Get it done.' It was '80% is better than nothing.'"
"It ended up working out for us because we did put together this website. It had this gaudy grandma's-furniture background to it. I'm glad we launched it, though, because that website actually got us recognition and got us our first big break, our first order of 300 products."
So as you're working to bring your site to life, and launch it, keep in mind that you can always make changes once your store is out there—including major ones, like rebranding or working with professionals on a redesign when you have the budget for it.
And as someone who's lived through some major store changes, Kiersten has some final words of wisdom.
"The one reminder I would just love to give everybody is that you can do it."
"The one reminder I would just love to give everybody is that you can do it. Sometimes it's okay to shut it and take a minute, and walk away. It's okay to ask a friend. It's okay to reach out to support. Those are really the big things. It's always going to be possible. You just have to give yourself the space to do it. Sometimes there can be so much pressure because it's your business, it's your livelihood. But you can do it."
Want to Ask Shopify your ecommerce question? Send us a note at firstname.lastname@example.com and your question could be answered in an upcoming column!


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A Comprehensive Business Directory and Search portal
With over 31,013 Business listings
CT Business List
A Connecticut Business Directory.
A Comprehensive Business Directory and Search portal
With over 31,013 Business listings
A Connecticut Business Directory.
Non-Profit Listings: Results: 214 Records - Page 1 of 5
|100 Black Men of Bridgeport Inc .
|Bridgeport, CT
|Accredidation Facilitation Projects
|Hartford, CT
|Acts 4 Clothing Ministry
|Oakville, CT
|Advocacy Unlimited Inc.
|Wethersfield, CT
|African Community Center For Educational & Social Services
|New Haven , CT
|Putnam, CT
|All Aboard Inc.
|Hartford, CT
|American Jewish Committee
|Stamford, CT
|America's Fund Raisers
|Wethersfield, CT
|Are You Dense, Inc.
|Woodbury, CT
|Area Agency On Aging North Central
|Hartford , CT
|Aurora Women & Girls Foundation
|Hartford , CT
|Bayview Towers Community Center
|Stamford , CT
|Berkeley Heights Tenant Council
|Waterbury, CT
|Boundless Playgrounds
|New Haven, CT
|Boys & Girls Village, Inc.
|Waterbury, CT
|Breast & Cervical Cancer Early Detectionprogram
|Bridgeport, CT
|Bulkeley Scholarship Fund
|New London, CT
|Burns Family Resource Center
|Hartford , CT
|Buttonwood Tree
|Middletown, CT
|C P M Community Youth House
|Bridgeport, CT
|Cahill William R
|Stamford , CT
|Carrier Learning Center
|Bristol, CT
|Casa Otonal Housing Corporation
|New Haven, CT
|Catholic Charities of Fairfield County
|Bridgeport, CT
|CCADV, Connecticut Coalition Against Domestic Violence
|East Hartford, CT
|Center Capital Corporation
|Farmington, CT
|Center for Conflict Transformation
|Hartford, CT
|Chabad Lubavitch Of Greenwich
|Greenwich, CT
|Chai Society
|New Haven, CT
|Citizens Scholarship Foundation
|Wilton, CT
|Citykids at Safe Space of New Haven Inc.
|New Haven, CT
|Coastal Conservation Associates CT Chapter
|Wethersfield, CT
|Community Action Agency of NH Inc
|New Haven, CT
|Community Care Services
|Rocky Hill, CT
|Community Crusade for Children
|New Haven, CT
|Community Works
|Hartford, CT
|Connecticut Associates of Nonprofits
|Hartford, CT
|Connecticut Association of Foster and Adoptive Parents
|Rocky Hill, CT
|Connecticut Association Offoster and Adoptive Parents
|Rocky Hill, CT
|Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology
|East Hartford, CT
|Connecticut Center for School Change
|Hartford, CT
|Connecticut Coalition Against Domestic Violence
|East Hartford, CT
|Connecticut Council On Problem Gambling
|Guilford, CT
|Connecticut Florists Association Inc.
|Monroe, CT
|Connecticut Food Bank
|New Haven, CT
|Connecticut National Guard Foundation Inc.
|Hartford, CT
|Connecticut Oral Health Initiative
|Hartford , CT
|Connecticut Tree Protective Associates
|North Branford, CT
|Connecticut Voices for Children
|New Haven, CT


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|Image from Original Article
I found this a fascinating article about Melungeons; the focus is on using DNA to try and separate the fact from the fiction about these Appalachian residents. Though many of us have used DNA to connect to cousins or determine the "basics" of our ancestral genetic mix, it's interesting to read about using DNA across a group to learn more about "separat[ing] the truth from oral tradition and wishful thinking" ...
For years, varied and sometimes wild claims have been made about the origins of a group of dark-skinned Appalachian residents once known derisively as the Melungeons. Some speculated they were descended from Portuguese explorers, or perhaps from Turkish slaves or Gypsies.
Now a new DNA study in the Journal of Genetic Genealogy attempts to separate truth from oral tradition and wishful thinking. The study found the truth to be somewhat less exotic: Genetic evidence shows that the families historically called Melungeons are the offspring of sub-Saharan African men and white women of northern or central European origin..
Read the full article at NBCNEWS.com.
Are you of Melungeon ancestry? What do you think about what the DNA study revealed? Is your own research consistent with the findings?
copyright © National Ge
Republication of UpFront articles is permitted and encouraged for non-commercial purposes without express permission from
Think your friends, colleagues, or fellow genealogy researchers would find this blog post interesting? If so, please let them know that anyone can read past UpFront with NGS posts or subscribe!
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16 July 2012
DNA study seeks origin of Appalachia's Melungeons
2 comments:
Where was the editor when NBC published this?ReplyDelete
How can you take a picture in 1898 when the people ostensibly died in 1817 and 1813? They probably died in 1917 and 1913.
I hear ya ... lately my local newspaper has had some atrocious errors also -- and things that spell-checker would at least catch. And, one hopes that the underlying research was of a higher caliber ;-)ReplyDelete
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This is a multi-faceted post — euphemistically speaking. Actually, it's several threads that don't really go together, but I'll press on anyway.
My last post elicited several responses about using beet greens. Aside from the random commenter who admitted tossing the greens away (yikes) and only using the beet root, I also received 1 phone call, 3 emails and a scattering of real-time comments from friends who had no idea people actually ate the greens. I won't mention any names, but one of you is a complete beet virgin, root and all.
I love all greens, but beet greens are a favorite because the texture is so delightful. For a post I did on the comparison of collard greens to rubber gloves, check here (recipe included). Don't get me wrong, I love collard greens, kale and the other hearty greens, but beet greens are my favorite because they're more delicate and the magenta and green colors add an artistic flair to your table.
I don't do any advertising on this blog and for the most part, I don't advocate anything other than healthy living, good food and friendship. Today I'm going to stray from that a bit and mention a cookbook I have, along with a beet green recipe from the book.
Every room in my house is full of books. Buying books is my downfall. I'm addicted, seriously addicted. Many of my books are cookbooks that I have never used. But this is a book I not only cook from, I read it in bed. It's called Outstanding in the Field by Jim Denevan, whom I'll admit, I have a mild crush on. But the book is worth drooling over, whether you ever cook from it or not.
If you don't know who Jim Denevan is, take the time to watch this video. This is a table to farm cookbook, rather than the other way around. Jim is a surfer, artist, chef and visionary who brings his dinner guests to the food — right in the midst of the garden or field. You can't get any fresher or more local than that.
From Outstanding in the Field
beet greens with lemon juice and extra virgin olive oil
1 bunch beet greens (10 – 12 ounces)
4 tablespoons EVOO
Kosher salt
1 clove garlic, minced
1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice
freshly ground black pepper
Wash beet greens. Remove stems and chop into a small dice. Coarsley chop the leaves and set them aside. Heat 1 tablespoon of the olive oil in a heavy-bottomed skillet over medium-low heat. Add the chopped beet stems and a pinch of salt. Cook, stirring occasionally, until the stems are nearly tender, about 8 minutes. Push the beet stems to one side of the pan and add the garlic to the other side. Cook until fragrant but not brown, about 1 minute. Stir the garlic into the stems. Add the chopped beet leaves and season with salt. Stir in a splash of water and cook until the leaves are tender, 8 to 10 minutes.
In a small bowl, whisk together the lemon juice and 3 tablespoons olive oil with a pinch of salt. Remove the pan from the heat, pour the dressing on top, and stir to combine. Season with salt and pepper. Serve hot.
Pick your plate and be inspired!
Tags: beet greens, beet root, community gardens, cookbooks, farm fresh, sand art


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Use the right size and sexy look for Bikini Oberteil and Bikini Sports
Life is about how you defend, survive through your daily routine with complete fitness and keep on doing your everyday tasks with all the hard work and effort you make and keep on improving as the ever-increasing rat race of this advanced economy. Most of all the physical and mental health of humans whether he or she has been in labor is very important and necessary. Without fitness, there is no body value you have or the money you make because it's all about drugs and doctors, because you continue to have the disease, whether small or big anytime. Just like the old sayings, "An apple a day keeps doctors away" even the little time you invest in your health will give you plenty of satisfaction and good results.
Germany is a land of beauty and sport, whether it's about break health or reaching your personal goals or about your spa session, it's about everything. Similarly, comes fashion, when you think of fitness, the first thing that comes to mind is a GYM or Yoga Center, people usually register themselves at a nearby gym or visit a yoga center. And then comes the exact clothing needs you need to wear when you visit the Gym.
Use the right size and sexy look for Bikini Oberteil and Bikini Sports
Someone should not wear clothes that fit too well in the gym, no one should wear something too loose or something too big, because you do not want to pose when someone reveals too much of your skin as you do the exercises up front. from your coach One generally follows so many celebrities who often post their sports outfits or stories about their sports sessions on their social profiles. The idea is to help you pair the perfect Bikini Oberteil along with the right pants to make sure you look good and match the better outfit for your daily sporting session or even to your yoga meeting by pairing Bh Mit Schnüren (Bikini Sport).
This is a common problem of many women because they do not find the right size bra or specialty shop from where they can collect everything that can be used to the gym and have the right fit. Make sure you find the exact part of Bikini Oberteil and Bikini Sports that comes with a variety of classic collections so you can handle it to see the best while even you click on your nice physical picture and post it on Instagram to motivate it for granted. many others on your list and help them with your classic lingerie collection. Keep inspiring and keep shining brighter with the perfect fashion sense for your health.
And yes, even the ass you're battling with your cool bikini tops plays an important role. You also have to buy good fitting leggings and board shorts or bikini unterteile which will be best with your top or Oberteil Yoga. Because nothing works so well until you have the mood to do it, and the mood comes when you see yourself in the mirror just after you make a nice outfit, because they will be your savior.
Germany is full of rejuvenation spa and fitness retreats, so you need to be rejuvenated too. Continue and continue to explore different sports styles along with fitness motivation tips.
Fashionable and Proper Fitting oberteil bikini, Yoga Oberteil and bikini sport (BH MIT SCHNÜREN) is a must for your daily sport or yoga outfit. So, buy this nice range from either the right store or from online and make sure they make you look sexy when it's you and also make sure you feel comfortable. Use the right size and sexy look for Bikini Oberteil and Bikini Sports


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I don't care that JLO tried to fight Justin Timberlake's ego with her leg. I don't care that she couldn't resist making the moment about her leg when she was presenting an award. I actually thought "I got the memo" was funny. And besides, oh I'm sorry, I missed the part when we all started expecting JLO to show up somewhere and be humble.
The point is, she can shove her leg wherever she wants, I don't give a sh-t.
But I do give a sh-t what she's wrapping it around. In the front row. Slum Love Bears in the front row. And clinging on to his hand like it's something to be proud of, seated next to an Oscar winner with a much better sense of her own position. Nicole Kidman would never take a backup dancing golddigger to the Oscars, I promise you.
And what could Nicole learn from JLO?
Maybe some rhythm?
This was news for some of you, Kidman's lack of it. So...you haven't seen this?
I hated Nicole's entire look last night. The dress was Vera Wang and totally underwhelming by her high standards. And the hair was terrible and the makeup needed a lift. Still, there was something endearing in the way that she tried to match Keith Urban's enthusiasm. He clearly loved the show. He loved the performances. He sang along to almost every single song. He stood up when the music moved him. And she stood with him and tried to dance, just like she did in honour of Simon Baker. Which I find totally adorable, so much more relaxed and free than the woman who cannot stop obsessing about her face. Can she come out and play more often?


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Spring 2021 Team 4
Team 4 achieved driving multiple laps on autonomous outdoor track using both Donkey Car and ROS.
For the final project we developed a car-following system.
Team's 4 car
Team Members
- Karen Hernandez - Electrical Engineering
- Jan Schüürmann - Aerospace Engineering
- Bryant Liu - Computer Engineering
- Joe Wayne - Mechanical Engineering
The members in the picture are standing in the order mentioned above (from left to right on the image)
- Mauricio de Oliveira
- Jack Silberman
Teacher's Assistants
- Dominic Nightingale - Mechanical Engineering
- Haoru Xue - Electrical Engineering
Develop a tracking system for our car to follow a targeted moving car. An April Tag is placed behind the leading car for detection purposes, which will serve as a reference point for the distance and position of the leading car with respect to our car. With the measurements obtained from the April tag and by implementing ROS, we can control the throttle and steering of our car to follow the identified car.
Note: The tag size could be smaller, but given the quality of the camera we use a larger tag.
The chassis given by the instructor at the beginning of the quarter is the following:
Wiring Schematic
In order to make the components work as desired, we connected them according to the wire schematic shown below. This includes all the hardware required:
Base Plate
For us to have flexibility when it comes to mounting hardware onto the base plate, we decided to design a plate that had mounting holes all throughout. This plate is mounted on four 2-inch stand-offs from the bottom of the chassis, such that the battery, speed controller and steering servo motor are located underneath the base plate. All other components are located on the top part of the base plate.
CAD of the base plate design
Final product of the base plate
We used a Lasercamm for cutting a 1/4" acryllic
Note: This also shows the Jetson Nano bottom part of the 3D printed shell mounted onto the base plate. The design for the Jetson Nano shell was not design by the team, link to online free CAD is [[1]] . The only change was that we added the side mounts.
The camera shell for the camera was designed so that it would protect the camera, with extended covering from the top part so that the lighting would not affect the image. The camera shell is connected by velcro to an elevated plate that is connected to the base plate by stand-offs. Four screw holes are added to provide the possibility of a stiffer connection if necessary. It is important to mention that the angle used for the camera shell design was different for each project of the class. The images below are for the camera mount and shell used on the final project.
Camera mount CAD
Camera mount
Used a MakerBot Method for PLA printing & rapid prototyping
Camera stand CAD
The ideal position of the camera mount changed depending on the task we were working on. Thus, we designed a stand with adjustable height where the camera mount was attached to. The elongated holes are for the optional screw conncetion of the camera casing and helps with centering the mount.
Camera stand
apriltag provide means of identification and 3D positioning, these are similar to QR codes but April Tags are designed to encode a significantly smaller amount of data.
ROS Wrapper
The apiltag_ros package provides access to the AprilTag core and makes the information of detected images and tag poses available over ROS topics.
ROS Package
Robot Operating system (ROS) is a collection of software frameworks which facilitate robot software development. For our final project we created a simple ROS package using OpenCV and April Tags in order to de able to detect a specified tag on another 1/10 RC car and control the throttle and steering such that our car can follow the other car based off the april tag position and distance. We will be using the Noetic distribution.
OpenCV is library that provides real-time optimized computer vision and image processing tools. It was created such that most of its functions integrate well with other libraries, such as Matplotlib, Numpy and Scipy, with the purpose of visualizing and processing data. We will be using the cv2 Python interface. OpenCV will be used to detect the April Tags.
Adafruit is a library that facilitates the implementation of python code to control servos with the Adafruit 16-channel servo driver. This library provides a high-level interface with low-level PWM controls. For this project, the library is used to control the PWD which manages the steering servo and the electronic speed controller (ESC).
In order to be able to transfer data between ROS and OpenCV, we will use the cv_bridge which converts data such that is workable between ROS Image messages and OpenCV images.
Testing of our car-follower
Observe our car detecting the april tag on the leading car, then adjusting the throttle and steering angle in order to minimize the distance and alignment offset between the cars.
File:Team4s21 final results video.MOV


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Discover Author
Cathy Yardley Books & Biography
Cathy Yardley needs to get out more. When not writing, she is probably cruising the Internet, sleeping or watching D-list movies and adding to her unnatural mental store of character-actor trivia. She can hum along with all the theme songs on Cartoon Network's "Adult Swim" and is learning Japanese from anime. She considers Daria a positive role model. Her family is considering performing an intervention for her addiction to pop culture. For those similarly addicted, drop her a line at [email protected]


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South Africans celebrate not one, but two Women's Days every year. First there's International Women's Day in March and then there's the country's own National Women's Day on the 9th of August. The latter commemorates the day in 1956 when 20,000 women from all over South Africa marched on the Union Buildings, the administrative seat of government in Pretoria, to protest against the Apartheid state's repressive pass laws. All of August is officially designated as Women's Month.
In Cape Town, a number of individuals and environmental organizations, led by local photographer Kian Erikson, decided to organize a protest march against "fracking" on National Women's Day.
Fracking, or more formally hydraulic fracturing, is a water-hungry, environmentally dangerous and increasingly controversial method for extracting a type of natural gas, called shale gas, from underground layers of rock. Several international and local oil and gas companies have applied for rights to explore for shale gas in large areas of South Africa, including the semi-arid, ecologically sensitive Karoo region.
Earlier this year, the South African government declared a moratorium on fracking, but activists have maintained steady pressure on authorities to ban the technology permanently. The Gaswalk protest march on this year's National Women's Day was part of that agenda.
Besides being a general anti-fracking action, Gaswalk drew specific attention to the very important, yet often overlooked connections between environmental degradation and the lives of women. Since it seriously endangers the availability of sufficient clean water in an already critically water-stressed country, fracking presents an enormous threat to women and children. Not only because they are among the most vulnerable sections of society, but also because they are commonly responsible for providing families with potable water and fresh food grown with such water. This is especially the case for women living in the rural areas that will bear the brunt of fracking activities.
Rural South African women expend considerable efforts and resources to secure clean water for their families. Fracking will make this already difficult task much harder.
When the courageous women marched on the Union Buildings in 1956, they sang a protest song especially composed for the occasion. Warning the racist government of the day not to interfere with women's rights, "Wathint'Abafazi Wathint'imbokodo!" loosely translates to "When you strike a woman, you strike a rock!"
In the case of the Gaswalk march, participants emphasized the fact that if fracking is allowed in South Africa, it will directly and detrimentally affect women's lives and that the country's women will have none of it. When fracking strikes a woman, it strikes a rock!
According to Muna Lakhani of the environmental NGO Earthlife Africa,
"Hydraulic fracturing […] directly threatens the quality of our air and water, and thereby the health and wellbeing of our people. Resource extraction has made corporations and an elite rich, but local communities remain poor and are most at risk from the environmental destruction caused by fossil fuel extraction."
While Marina Louw of the Climate Justice Campaign asks "can we really afford to jeopardise the health of future generations in a part of the country that, due to climate change, is likely to become even more arid in coming decades?"
Erikson points out that,
"Worldwide, more and more people are calling for a global ban on fracking, as the threat to clean air and water supplies, and the devastating environmental and social cost, is becoming evident. We are calling on our government to ban fracking, in order to protect our vulnerable water resources and the quality of the air we breathe."
On the day, anti-fracking protesters–women, men and children–arrived in their numbers to turn the event into a colorful procession through the historic center of Cape Town, stopping off briefly to picket in front of a Shell petrol station (Shell being one of the companies who want to use fracking in the country).
The marchers wore all manner of costumes and anti-fracking t-shirts, carried posters demanding an end to fracking and handed out flyers explaining exactly why fracking is such a bad idea. In keeping with the theme, many participants wore gas masks to highlight the foul and hazardous stench that fracking is casting over our environment and our health. After the success of Gaswalk, you can be sure that many more activities of this type are to follow until fracking has been banned for good.
Reprinted with permission from Care2
Image from Gaswalk's official Facebook event posting


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Micron today revealed details about how it will go to market with a revolutionary new memory that it developed with partner Intel and that sports up to 1,000 times the performance of NAND flash.
In June, Micron development partner Intel let slip its plans for releasing several product lines based on the new 3D XPoint (cross point) memory, which it will sell under the name Optane and release alongside its Kaby Lake processor platform.
Micron will market its 3D XPoint memory under the name QuantX, and its go-to-market plans are "completely separate" and distinct from Intel's, according to Jon Carter, Micron's vice president of storage solutions.
The first generation of QuantX solid-state drives (SSDs) will be aimed squarely at data center applications beginning in the second quarter of 2017, Carter said. Before then, Intel will likely have its own Optane data center SSDs out.
Sometime down the road, QuantX may find its way into mobile computer applications, but that won't likely be for some time, Carter said.
Currently, Micron is planning to see its first revenues from QuantX sales in the second half of 2017, with 2018 being a "bigger year," and 2019 being the "break-out" revenue year, Carter said.
3D Crosspoint will be about half the price of DRAM, but around four to five times more expensive than NAND flash, Carter said. So while it will replace DRAM for many applications, it's not likely to replace NAND flash -- at least for prosumer applications -- anytime soon.
"The issue I have right now... is not about the ability for revenue. We've built the capacity for the first couple of years; it's all accounted for," Carter said. "I've been in situations with partners who buy a lot of DRAM who've said, 'Do you know how much DRAM I buy? You'd better get me some 3D XPoint.' "
"The demand is through the roof. There's not enough. We're trying to manage the capacity and the capital expense to build the capacity for years three, four and five," Carter said. "I've had a long line of all the major storage and server vendors out there... coming to me directly talking about how they can get access to 3D XPoint."
3D XPoint is primarily a mass storage-class memory that, while slower, is cheaper to produce than DRAM and vastly faster than NAND. So, the memory will likely fit into the data center as a replacement for some NAND flash and DRAM. Significantly, it's non-volatile, so when the power goes off, the data remains intact, just as it does with NAND flash.
By the end of this year, Intel may also bring out Optane SSDs for the client market, though it's more likely that they'll ship in the first quarter of 2017, Carter said.
In June, Taiwanese technology news site benchlife.info posted slides from a presentation showing that Intel's Optane line will be released by the end of this year.
At its Intel Developers Forum in Shenzhen, China last month, the company said Optane has up to 10X the density of NAND flash and will allow SSDs to store more than a terabyte of data in an M.2 card that is only 1.5 millimeters thick.
Intel has said it will put 1TB, M.2 Optane drives into laptops and tablets, and up to 15TB of storage on a larger 2.5-inch drive. The SSDs will be compatible with the NVMe protocol and fit into PCI-Express slots. They should work with Windows PCs and Macs that have PCIe-compatible storage.
Micron, however, does not believe 3D XPoint belongs in the client computer space because its low latency, non-volatility and enormously long endurance is not needed in consumer systems. Most importantly, it's just too expensive to produce for that market.
While some may argue there's a "little bit of a market" for the high-performance memory for the gaming and high-end camera market, in general "consumers are just not going to pay" four to five times the NAND price, Carter said. "There's no value proposition. In general, there's just no money there."
Some analysts agree.
Gartner vice president Joseph Unsworth believes it will be years before consumers see 3D XPpoint in their PCs or laptops "because cost and performance is far more valuable to data centers and in-memory computing applications than it is for typical consumer usage, which is quite price sensitive."
Just as NAND flash once did, emerging memory technology can take years to catch on. The new memory, however, is bound to make a splash in data centers for applications such as in-memory computing and high-performance computing, Unsworth said.
Micron plans on partnering with "several" as-yet-unannounced manufacturing partners to release SSDs that will be able to replace both NAND flash and DRAM depending on the applications. Micron has already been shipping test models to those partners.
One partner in particular is a major drive maker that will re-brand Micron's 3D XPoint technology under its own name.
Micron's also partnering with "several" top-tier storage array makers that represent about 75% of a $5 billion "external, controller-based" high-end storage market. Those products will likely begin shipping in the latter part of 2017, Carter said.
"We're working with them to incorporate specific instances of the technology. For us, it's just pouring into their ecosystem. They have the market prowess. They have the customer footprint," Carter said. "That's something Intel's not doing."
"You'll see a series of announcements over the next six months," he continued. "You'll see some name-brand, very broad-coverage market players that are taking 3D XPoint from Micron exclusively and implementing it into their infrastructure offering for their customers. We're really excited about that. It's the first time Micron's done something like this."
While Intel and Micron heralded 3D XPoint as "the first new class of memory since 1989," referring to floating-gate NAND, most experts believe it is a resistive RAM (ReRAM) memory based on a 128Gbit chip.
Other than claiming it will have 1,000 times the performance and endurance of NAND, neither Micron nor Intel have let slip many in-depth details about the new 3D XPoint memory. Carter also declined to shed much light on it, other than to say "it's a new category."
"We've been pretty coy about the technology in general," Carter said. "But, it is a completely new thing from the ground up. I know that's getting a little boring to say in some regards, but next year's going to be huge, and it's going to be interesting. The wafers we see coming through now are maturing quickly."
With up to 1,000 times the endurance of flash, 3D XPoint SSDS would sustain about one million erase-write cycles; with that kind of endurance, the new memory would essentially last forever. Natively, NAND flash can sustain from 3,000 to 10,000 erase-write cycles.
One decision Carter said may have been a mistake from a marketing perspective was announcing 3D XPoint technology so early in the development cycle. The companies made the first announcement in July 2015.
"It made it look like it's late to market," Carter said. "It's not at all. This has been 10 years in making... and we now see the finish line."
While Micron and Intel have heralded 3D XPoint as "the first new class of memory since 1989," referring to floating-gate NAND, many industry pundits believe it is a resistive RAM (ReRAM) based on a 128Gbit chip.
Carter admitted his company is not alone in bringing a new non-volatile flash replacement to market, but he believes Micron and Intel are about two to three years ahead of competitors. By then, Carter said, Intel and Micron will have 20% to 30% of the marketplace with the QuantX and Optane memory products.
"We are aware [Samsung has] been working on phase-change memory in the background, but what interface they'll use is the only question now," Carter said. "Either way, we plan on having a leg up on them."
Carter believes the demand in the server and storage market will far outstrip the supply for some time.