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OBJECTIVE—To estimate the prevalence of and the cardiovascular risk associated with the metabolic syndrome using the new definition proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 4,483 subjects aged 35–70 years participating in a large family study of type 2 diabetes in Finland and Sweden (the Botnia study) were included in the analysis of cardiovascular risk associated with the metabolic syndrome. In subjects who had type 2 diabetes (n = 1,697), impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n = 798), or insulin-resistance with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 1,988), the metabolic syndrome was defined as presence of at least two of the following risk factors: obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or microalbuminuria. Cardiovascular mortality was assessed in 3,606 subjects with a median follow-up of 6.9 years.
RESULTS—In women and men, respectively, the metabolic syndrome was seen in 10 and 15% of subjects with NGT, 42 and 64% of those with IFG/IGT, and 78 and 84% of those with type 2 diabetes. The risk for coronary heart disease and stroke was increased threefold in subjects with the syndrome (P < 0.001). Cardiovascular mortality was markedly increased in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (12.0 vs. 2.2%, P < 0.001). Of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome, microalbuminuria conferred the strongest risk of cardiovascular death (RR 2.80; P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS—The WHO definition of the metabolic syndrome identifies subjects with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and offers a tool for comparison of results from different studies.
In 1988, Gerald Reaven reintroduced the concept of syndrome X for the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, glucose intolerance, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol concentrations (1). The syndrome is, however, much older, having been already observed in 1923 by Kylin, who described the clustering of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and gout as a syndrome (2). Subsequently, several other metabolic abnormalities have been associated with this syndrome, including obesity, microalbuminuria, and abnormalities in fibrinolysis and coagulation (3–6). The syndrome has also been given several other names, including the metabolic syndrome, the insulin resistance syndrome, the plurimetabolic syndrome, and the deadly quartet (7–11). The name "insulin resistance syndrome" has been widely used and refers to insulin resistance as a common denominator of the syndrome (12–14). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has varied markedly between different studies, most likely because of the lack of accepted criteria for the definition of the syndrome (15–16). In 1998, WHO proposed a unifying definition for the syndrome and chose to call it the metabolic syndrome rather than the insulin resistance syndrome (17). This name was chosen primarily because it was not considered established that insulin resistance was the cause of all the components of the syndrome.
A unifying definition would allow us to assess whether the clustering of risk factors is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in addition to the risk associated with the individual components. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome by applying the WHO definition in a high-risk Scandinavian population.
The Botnia study represents a large family study in Finland and Sweden that was initiated in 1990 with the aim of identifying early metabolic defects in families with type 2 diabetes (18). From a total of 6,645 individuals participating in the Botnia study, all subjects aged 35–70 years (n = 4,483) were included in the present study. Patients with antibodies to GAD (GADAbs) (19) and patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young, verified by DNA analysis (20), were excluded.
Glucose tolerance was assessed according to the new American Diabetes Association/WHO criteria using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (17). Thus, subjects with a fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l and/or a 2-h plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l during an OGTT were considered to have diabetes (n = 1,697), and subjects with a fasting plasma glucose 6.1–6.9 mmol/l and/or a 2-h plasma glucose 7.8–11.0 mmol/l were considered to have abnormal glucose tolerance, which included both impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n = 798). Furthermore, 1,988 subjects had normal glucose tolerance (NGT), i.e., fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/l and 2-h glucose <7.8 mmol/l.
Total and cardiovascular mortality was assessed in 3,606 subjects from the original Botnia centers in western Finland, with a median follow-up of 6.9 years. Mortality data were obtained from a central death-certificate registry. During this period, 360 individuals had died. Cardiovascular mortality was classified using the 9th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (cardiovascular diagnosis codes 390–459) before 1997 and the 10th revision (codes I 00–I 99) thereafter.
Fasting blood samples were drawn for the measurement of HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations.
An OGTT was performed in all subjects with fasting plasma glucose <11 mmol/l who were not treated with insulin. Samples for the measurements of blood glucose and serum insulin were drawn at –10, 0, 30, 60, and 120 min during the OGTT. Urine for the measurement of albumin excretion rate (AER) was collected either during the OGTT (n = 1,082) or overnight (n = 1,579). AER measured overnight correlated with AER during OGTT (r = 0.605, P < 0.001; n = 442). BMI was calculated after body weight and height were measured with subjects in light clothing without shoes. Waist circumference was measured with a soft tape on standing subjects midway between the lowest rib and the iliac crest. Hip circumference was measured over the widest part of the gluteal region, and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was calculated as a measure of central obesity. Two blood pressure recordings were obtained from the right arm of patients in a sitting position after 30 min of rest at 5-min intervals, and their mean value was calculated.
A standardized health questionnaire was completed by specially-trained nurses, covering the subjects' past medical history, including current and previous medication, information about other diseases (particularly hypertension, coronary heart disease [CHD], myocardial infarction [MI], and stroke), smoking habits, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and family history of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. CHD was defined as using nitroglycerine, experiencing typical chest pain, or having a history of previous MI. This information was validated against electrocardiogram (ECG) changes (Minnesota codes 1.1-3, 4.1-4, 5.1-3) compatible with ischemic heart disease (21) in all subjects from one of the centers (n = 555). MI, defined in accordance with the WHO MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) criteria (22), and stroke (including both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke) were defined as events requiring hospitalization; this information was verified from local hospital records.
To obtain an estimate of insulin resistance, we applied the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) using the following formula: HOMAIR = fasting insulin (μU/ml) × fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)/22.5 (23). HOMAIR was not estimated in patients treated with insulin.
Plasma glucose was measured with a glucose oxidase method using a Beckman Glucose Analyzer II (Beckman Instruments, Fullerton, CA). Serum insulin concentrations were measured with radioimmunoassay (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Uppsala, Sweden) with an interassay coefficient of variation (CV) of 5%. Urine albumin concentrations were measured by an immunoturbidimetric method, with an interassay CV of 7.5%. Serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured on a Cobas Mira analyzer (Hoffman LaRoche, Basel, Switzerland). LDL cholesterol concentrations were calculated using the Friedewald formula (24). GADAbs were determined by a modified radiobinding assay using 35S-labeled recombinant human GAD65 (19). HbA1c concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (Diamat, Hercules, CA) with a reference range of 4–6%.
Definition of the metabolic syndrome
In accordance with the WHO proposal, the components of the metabolic syndrome are: 1) hypertension, defined as antihypertensive treatment and/or elevated blood pressure (>160 mmHg systolic or >90 mmHg diastolic); 2) dyslipidemia, defined as elevated plasma triglyceride (≥1.7 mmol/l) and/or low HDL cholesterol (<0.9 mmol/l in men, <1.0 mmol/l in women) concentrations; 3) obesity, defined as a high BMI (≥30 kg/m2) and/or a high WHR ratio (>0.90 in men, >0.85 in women); and 4) microalbuminuria (urinary AER ≥ 20 μg/min). A person with type 2 diabetes or IFG/IGT has the metabolic syndrome if two of the criteria listed above are fulfilled. A person with NGT has the metabolic syndrome if he/she fulfils two of the criteria in addition to being insulin resistant. Insulin resistance is defined as the highest quartile of the HOMAIR index (17).
Statistical methods
The values are given as means ± SD. The group frequencies were compared by χ2 or Fisher's exact tests. Spearman rank correlations were used to demonstrate relationships between variables. A multiple regression analysis was carried out with CHD, previous MI, or stroke as dependent variables and age, sex, and the metabolic syndrome or its components as independent variables. In the multiple regression analysis assessing risk factors for cardiovascular mortality, LDL-cholesterol and current smoking were also included as independent variables. In the multiple regression analysis, LDL-cholesterol and age were used as continuous variables, and the other variables were used as categorical variables. The statistical analyses were performed with an SPSS program for Windows. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The clinical and metabolic characteristics of subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance are given in Table 1. Patients with type 2 diabetes were older and had higher BMI than the other groups. They also reported the highest prevalence of MI and stroke.
Table 2 shows the prevalence of the different components of the metabolic syndrome in relation to glucose tolerance, sex, and age decades. The prevalence of obesity was high in all groups, and it was especially high in male subjects; 76% of men with NGT and 92% of diabetic men fulfilled the criteria of obesity.
The prevalence of dyslipidemia and hypertension were both increased twofold in type 2 diabetic patients compared with subjects with NGT. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was low in subjects with NGT and IFG/IGT (3–7%), whereas 22% of the diabetic men and 12% of the diabetic women had microalbuminuria; in most subjects, it was associated with hypertension. Isolated microalbuminuria without hypertension was seen in only 6.8% of male and 2.3% female subjects with diabetes. There was a clear increase in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome with increasing age (Table 2). Hypertension in particular increased significantly in the highest age decade.
The prevalence of insulin resistance, defined as the highest quartile of HOMAIR, was increased twofold in subjects with IFG/IGT and threefold in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with subjects with NGT. In women with NGT, the prevalence of insulin resistance increased from 19% in the age decade of 40–49 years to 35% in the age decade of 60–69 years (P < 0.001).
The most common combination was obesity plus dyslipidemia or obesity plus hypertension; this was seen in ∼10% of the subjects with NGT and ∼50% of the patients with diabetes. The combination of obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension was seen in 3–7% of the subjects with NGT and in ∼30% of the patients with type 2 diabetes (Table 3).
Using the proposed WHO criteria, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was more common in nondiabetic men than in women (64 and 42% in subjects with IFG/IGT and 15 and 10% in subjects with NGT, respectively). The sex-specific difference almost disappeared in the type 2 diabetic patients (84 and 78%, respectively) (Table 2). In women with NGT, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increased from 6% in the youngest age decade (40–49 years) to 19% in the oldest (60–69 years) (P < 0.001).
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in relation to the metabolic syndrome.
In all subjects, a history of CHD, MI, and stroke was more common in those with the metabolic syndrome than it was in those without the syndrome (P < 0.001) (Table 4). In particular, a history of CHD was more frequent in subjects with the metabolic syndrome than it was in those without the syndrome in the NGT (9.2 vs. 4.1%, P = 0.04) and the type 2 diabetes (27.1 vs. 13.5%, P <0.001) groups, whereas the difference in subjects with IFG/IGT was of borderline statistical significance (11.0 vs. 5.3%; P = 0.06). In a subset of 555 patients in whom the presence of CHD could be based on Minnesota coding of the ECG (21) in addition to the clinical data, the prevalence of CHD was increased even further in patients with the metabolic syndrome (35 vs. 8%, P < 0.001). A history of MI was increased in type 2 diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome compared with those without the syndrome (11.2 vs. 4.7%; P = 0.007). Similarly, a history of stroke was more common in IFG/IGT subjects with the syndrome than it was in those without the syndrome (3.6 vs. 0.9%; P = 0.05).
Cardiovascular risk in relation to the different components of the metabolic syndrome.
Using a multiple regression analysis, we also analyzed the risk of cardiovascular disease in relation to the presence of the metabolic syndrome and the different components of the syndrome (Table 5). Age and male sex were related to CHD (RR 1.12, P < 0.001 for age; RR 1.44, P = 0.001 for male sex), MI (RR 1.11, P < 0.001; RR 3.18, P < 0.001), and stroke (RR 1.09, P < 0.001; RR 1.76, P = 0.005). Therefore, the data have been adjusted for age and sex. The presence of the syndrome was associated with an increased risk of CHD, MI, and stroke in all subjects (2.96, 2.63, and 2.27, respectively; P < 0.001), and this risk was greater than the risk associated with any of the individual components. Dyslipidemia was associated with an increased risk for CHD (P < 0.001), particularly among patients with type 2 diabetes (Table 6; RR 1.84; P = 0.001). Hypertension was associated with increased risk for CHD, particularly in subjects with NGT (RR 2.33; P < 0.001).
Total and cardiovascular mortality in relation to the metabolic syndrome.
During the median follow-up of 6.9 years, 360 (10.0%) of the 3,606 patients had died, and of them, 209 (5.8%) died from cardiovascular disease. Compared with subjects without the metabolic syndrome, total mortality (18.0 vs. 4.6%, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (12.0 vs. 2.2%, P < 0.001) were increased in subjects with the syndrome. In a multiple regression analysis (Table 7) with cardiovascular mortality as the dependent variable and age, male sex, LDL cholesterol, and current smoking as independent variables, the RR of the metabolic syndrome was 1.81 (P = 0.002). When the metabolic syndrome was replaced by its components in the analysis, microalbuminuria was the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular death (RR 2.80, P < 0.001). A multiple logistic regression analysis with microalbuminuria as dependent factor clearly showed that except for obesity, all other components of the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, were associated with microalbuminuria (not shown).
In the current study, we applied the criteria for the metabolic syndrome recently proposed by a WHO workgroup (17) to subjects with normal, impaired, and diabetic glucose tolerance. The metabolic syndrome was present in ∼10% of subjects with NGT, ∼50% of subjects with IFG/IGT, and ∼80% of subjects with type 2 diabetes. It was more common in men than in women among subjects with NGT (15 vs. 10%) and IFG/IGT (64 vs. 42%), but not in patients with type 2 diabetes (84 vs. 78%). Importantly, the presence of the metabolic syndrome was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with an odds ratio of 3 for CHD and 1.8 for cardiovascular mortality. The CHD morbidity risk associated with the cluster of risk factors was greater than the risk associated with the individual components.
In previous studies, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has varied widely, primarily due to different definitions of the syndrome or selection of different subgroups (16). In a Finnish population-based study, a metabolic syndrome defined as clustering of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance (defined as abnormal glucose tolerance or fasting plasma insulin ≥13 mU/l) was present in 17% of nondiabetic men and 8% of women (25). In the ARIC study population, a combination of hypertension (blood pressure >140/90 mmHg and/or the use of antihypertensive treatment) and dyslipidemia (triglycerides >2.26 mmol/l and/or HDL <0.9 mmol/l in men and <1.2 in women) was observed in 10% of the subjects (26).
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components is strongly dependent on the definition of the different components of the syndrome. Obesity defined by a high WHR was clearly more common than obesity defined as BMI >30 kg/m2 (not shown in table). Using the proposed limits for WHR of 0.9 in men and 0.85 in women, 76% of men and 36% of women with NGT would be considered abdominally obese, whereas the corresponding figures using only a BMI of >30 kg/m2 would be 10 and 14%, respectively. A higher cutoff level for WHR (1.0 in male subjects and 0.9 in female subjects) would increase the RR of CHD associated with the syndrome in NGT subjects from 1.73 (P = 0.04) to 2.36 (P = 0.002), but it would have little influence on the risk in subjects with IFG/IGT and type 2 diabetes.
Because many of the components of the metabolic syndrome are associated with insulin resistance, it has been suggested that the syndrome should instead be called the insulin resistance syndrome (14). In the Bruneck Study (15), the prevalence of insulin resistance (defined as top quintile of HOMAIR) was 66% in subjects with IGT and 84% in subjects with type 2 diabetes. The corresponding figure in the current study, using the top quartile of HOMAIR, would be very similar (59% in IFG/IGT and 88% in type 2 diabetic patients). In a recent Finnish study, clustering of a high BMI, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and endogenous hyperinsulinemia predicted cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (27).
Why is insulin resistance not then included as a component of the syndrome also in subjects with IFG/IGT and diabetes in the WHO proposal? There are several explanations for this. Because insulin resistance defined as the top quartile of HOMA is seen in ∼90% of patients with type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome would not change much if insulin resistance was included as a component in this group (from 84 to 73% and from 78 to 71% in male and female subjects, respectively). Secondly, much of the insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes may be secondary to elevated glucose (28) and free fatty acid levels (29–30), and it is not known whether the cardiovascular risk associated with secondary insulin resistance is the same as that associated with insulin resistance in the prediabetic state. Finally, probably the most important argument against including insulin resistance as a component of the syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes is that it is very difficult to quantitate insulin resistance in a hyperglycemic subject.
The clinical importance of the metabolic syndrome is related to its putative impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; in the present study, the prevalence of CHD, MI, and stroke were approximately threefold higher in subjects with the metabolic syndrome than it was in those without the syndrome. The following question arises: Do we need to call the clustering of risk factors a syndrome or should we only list the individual risk factors? The combination of obesity and hypertension or dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor combination in subjects with IFG/IGT and diabetes. However, given the high frequency of obesity in this population, it had little influence of the RR of CHD in subjects with NGT, IFG/IGT, and diabetes (1.15, 1.79, and 1.48, respectively). The combination of hypertension and dyslipidemia was the second most common risk factor combination in subjects with NGT (8 and 5% in male and female subjects, respectively), IFG/IGT (16 and 14%), and diabetes (31 and 36%), and thereby it had the greatest influence on the CHD risk associated with the syndrome. Whereas hypertension was strongly associated with CHD in the NGT group (RR 2.33; P < 0.001), dyslipidemia was strongly predictive of CHD in the patients with type 2 diabetes (RR 1.84; P = 0.001). Interestingly, in subjects with IFG/IGT, insulin resistance conferred the greatest risk of CHD (RR 2.18; P = 0.06). The criteria for dyslipidemia were more dependent on the presence of hypertriglyceridemia than of low HDL-cholesterol; this could present a problem in patients with type 2 diabetes, in whom elevated triglyceride levels may be secondary to hyperglycemia (31).
The inclusion of microalbuminuria as part of the metabolic syndrome has been questioned (14) because of its rarity and lack of association with insulin resistance in some studies (32–33). Despite this, microalbuminuria has been a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in several studies (34–37), and in the current study, it was associated with a markedly increased risk of cardiovascular death (RR 2.80; P < 0.001). In the current study, a multiple logistic regression analysis with microalbuminuria as a dependent factor clearly showed that except for obesity, all other components of the syndrome, including insulin resistance, were associated with microalbuminuria (not shown in table). Microalbuminuria has also been related to increased transcapillary albumin leakage (38), suggesting that microalbuminuria represents a surrogate measure of endothelial dysfunction. Whether insulin resistance is involved in the pathogenesis of microalbuminuria may be less important than the fact that microalbuminuria indicates an advanced stage of cardiovascular disease and is thereby associated with high cardiovascular mortality.
We acknowledge some of the limitations of this study. The use of a nurse-administered questionnaire to assess the presence of cardiovascular disease obviously underestimates the true prevalence of cardiovascular events by only taking into account MIs and strokes requiring hospitalization. However, because the patients had been treated in the local hospitals, we also had access to their hospital records. The diagnosis of CHD was based on a history of typical chest pain or the use of nitroglycerine or a history of previous MI. In a subset of patients, we used ECG analysis in addition to the clinical data for the diagnosis of CHD. As expected, the prevalence of coronary heart disease increased in this subset, especially in subjects who fulfilled the criteria for the metabolic syndrome (35 vs. 8%), yielding a RR of 3.97 (P < 0.001, adjusted for age and sex) for the metabolic syndrome. It is also possible that treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia could have influenced the results. The latter is unlikely because only ∼1% of the patients received lipid-lowering treatment. Antihypertensive therapy varied from 15.5% in the NGT patients to 21.9% in the IFG/IGT group and 46.3% in the type 2 diabetic patients, with an even distribution of different treatment modalities (diuretics 28%, β-blockers 42%, calcium antagonists 21%, ACE inhibitors 29%). Finally, the number of deaths was relatively small, providing insufficient power to define the risk of total and cardiovascular death in the subgroups; therefore, the data regarding mortality should only be considered suggestive.
In conclusion, the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors called the metabolic syndrome (or, probably better, the dysmetabolic syndrome), based on the WHO definition, is seen in ∼10% of subjects with NGT, ∼50% of subjects with IFG/IGT, and ∼80% of subjects with type 2 diabetes. It confers an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and its identification may thus be important in the risk assessment and treatment of the patients.
Article Information
This study was supported by grants from the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, the Academy of Finland, the Swedish Medical Research Council, the EEC (Paradigm), the Juvenile Diabetes– Wallenberg Foundations, the Finnish and Swedish Diabetes Research Foundations, the Finnish Medical Society, and the Novo Nordisk Foundation.
We are grateful to all the participants in the Botnia study and for the skillful technical support of the Botnia Research Group.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Bo Isomaa, PB 23, Jakobstad Hospital, 68601 Jakobstad, Finland. E-mail: email@example.com
Received for publication 1 May 2000 and accepted in revised form 3 January 2001.
A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances.


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Frontier scientists around the globe have discovered evidence of the existence of a quantum energy field. The field may not only explain homoeopathy, but may be the main force we have to tap in order to heal.
Fritz-Albert Popp thought he had discovered a cure for cancer. It was 1970, and Popp, a theoretical biophysicist at the University of Marburg in Germany, had been teaching radiology – the interaction of electromagnetic (EM) radiation on biological systems. He'd been examining benzo[a]pyrene, a polycyclic hydrocarbon known to be one of the most lethal carcinogens to humans, and had illuminated it with ultraviolet (UV) light.
Popp played around with light a lot. He'd long been fascinated by the effect of EM radiation on living systems, and had been trying to determine the effects of 'exciting' this deadly compound with UV light.
What he discovered was that benzo[a]pyrene absorbed the light, then re-emitted it at a completely different frequency, like a CIA agent intercepting a communication from the enemy and jumbling it up. Here was a chemical which doubled as a biological frequency scrambler. Popp then performed the same test on benzo[e]pyrene, another polycyclic hydrocarbon and virtually identical to benzo[a]pyrene, save for a tiny alteration in its molecular makeup. This tiny difference in one of the compound rings was critical as it rendered benzo[e]pyrene harmless to humans, and UV light passed through unaltered.
Popp puzzled over this difference, and continued to experiment with UV light and other compounds. He performed his test on 37 different chemicals, some cancer-causing, some not. After a while, he was able to predict which substances could cause cancer. In every instance, the compounds that were carcinogenic took the UV light, absorbed it and changed the frequency.
There was another odd property of these compounds: each of the carcinogens reacted only to light at a specific frequency – 380 nm (nanometres). Popp kept wondering why a cancer-causing substance would be a light scrambler. He began reading the scientific literature specifically about human biological reactions, and came across information about a phenomenon called 'photorepair'.
It is well known from biological laboratory experiments that if you blast a cell with UV light so that 99 per cent of the cell, including its DNA, is destroyed, you can almost entirely repair the damage in a single day just by illuminating the cell with the same wavelength at a much weaker intensity. To this day, scientists don't understand this phenomenon, but no one has disputed it.
Popp also knew that patients with xeroderma pigmentosum eventually die of skin cancer because their photo-repair system can't repair solar damage. Popp was also struck by the fact that photorepair works most efficiently at 380 nm – the same frequency that the cancer-causing compounds react to and scramble.
This was where Popp made his logical leap. Nature was too perfect for this to be simple coincidence. If the carcinogens only react to this frequency, it must somehow be linked to photorepair. If so, this would mean that there must be a light in the body responsible for photorepair. A compound must cause cancer because it permanently blocks this light and scrambles it, so photorepair can't work anymore.
Popp was profoundly taken aback by the thought of it all. He wrote the paper up, and a prestigious medical journal agreed to publish it.
Not long after, Popp was approached by a student named Bernhard Ruth, who asked Popp to supervise his work for his doctoral dissertation. Popp told Ruth he was prepared to do so if the student could show that light was emanating from the human body.
This meeting was fortuitous for Popp because Ruth happened to be an excellent experimental physicist. Ruth thought the idea was ridiculous, and immediately set to work building equipment to prove Popp's hypothesis wrong.
Within two years, Ruth had constructed a machine resembling a big X-ray detector (EMI 9558QA selected typed), which used a photomultiplier to count light, photon by photon. Even today, it is still one of the best pieces of equipment in the field. The machine had to be highly sensitive because it had to measure what Popp assumed would be extremely weak emissions.
In 1976, they were ready for their first test with cucumber seedlings. The photomultiplier showed that photons, or light waves, of a surprisingly high intensity were being emitted from the seedlings. In case the light had to do with an effect of photosynthesis, they decided that their next test – with potatoes – would be to grow the seedling plants in the dark. This time, when the seedlings were placed in the photomultiplier, they registered an even higher intensity of light. What's more, the photons in the living systems they'd examined were more coherent than anything they'd ever seen (see box, p 3).
Popp began thinking about light in nature. Light was present in plants and was used during photosynthesis. When we eat plant foods, he thought, it must be that we take up the photons and store them.
When we consume broccoli, for example, and digest it, it is metabolised into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, plus the light stored from the sun and photosynthesis. We extract the CO2 and eliminate the water, but the light, an EM wave, must be stored. When taken in by the body, the energy of these photons dissipates and becomes distributed over the entire spectrum of EM frequencies, from the lowest to the highest.
This energy is the driving force for all the molecules in our body. Photons switch on the body's processes like a conductor bringing each individual instrument into the collective sound. At different frequencies, they perform different functions. Popp found that molecules in the cells responded to certain frequencies, and that a range of vibrations from the photons caused a variety of frequencies in other molecules of the body. Light waves also answered the question of how the body manages to carry out complicated feats with different body parts instantaneously, or do two or more things at once.
These 'biophoton emissions', as Popp called them, provided an ideal communication system for the transfer of information to many cells across the organism. But the single most important question remained: where was the light coming from?
A particularly gifted student talked him into another experiment. It is known that when ethidium bromide is applied to samples of DNA, it insinuates itself in between the base pairs of the double helix, causing DNA to unwind. The student suggested that, after applying the chemical, they measure the light coming from the sample. Popp found that the greater the concentration of ethidium, the more the DNA unravelled, but also the stronger the intensity of light. Conversely, the less he used, the less light was emitted.
He also found that DNA could send out a wide range of frequencies, some of which seemed to be linked to certain functions. If DNA stored this light, it would naturally emit more light on being unzipped.
These and other studies proved to Popp that one of the most essential sources of light and biophoton emissions was DNA. DNA was like the master tuning fork of the body. It would strike a particular frequency and certain molecules would follow. It was also possible, he realised, that he had stumbled upon the missing link in current DNA theory that could account for perhaps the greatest miracle of all in human biology – how a single cell can turn into a fully formed human being (see box, p 4).
With biophoton emissions, Popp believed he had an answer to the question of morphogenesis as well as Gestaltbildung – cell coordination and communication – which could only occur in a holistic system with one central orchestrator. Popp showed in his experiments that these weak light emissions were sufficient to orchestrate the body. The emissions had to be low intensity because these communications took place on a quantum level, and higher intensities would have an effect only in the world of the large.
The number of photons emitted seemed to be linked to the organism's position on the evolutionary scale – the more complex the organism, the fewer photons were emitted. Rudimentary animals and plants tended to emit 100 photons/cm2/sec at a wavelength of 200-800 nm, corresponding to a very-high-frequency EM wave well within the visible range, whereas humans emit only 10 photons/cm2/sec at the same frequency.
In one series of studies, Popp had one of his assistants – a 27-year-old healthy young woman – sit in the room every day for nine months while he took photon readings of a small area of her hand and forehead. Popp then analysed the data and discovered, to his surprise, that the light emissions followed certain set patterns – biological rhythms at 7, 14, 32, 80 and 270 days – when the emissions were identical even after one year. When there was an increase in photons coming off the right hand, there was a similar increase from the left hand. In terms of light, the right hand knew what the left hand was doing.
Similarities were also noted by day or night, by week and by month, as though the body were following the world's biorhythms as well as its own.
So far, Popp had studied only healthy individuals and found an exquisite coherence at the quantum level. But what kind of light is present in those who are ill? He tried out his machine on a series of cancer patients. In every instance, these patients had lost those natural periodic rhythms as well as their coherence. The lines of internal communication were scrambled. They had lost their connection with the world. In effect, their light was going out.
Just the opposite is seen with multiple sclerosis: MS is a state of too much order. Patients with this disease are taking in too much light, thereby inhibiting their cells' ability to do their job. Too much cooperative harmony prevented flexibility and individuality – like too many soldiers marching in step as they cross a bridge, causing it to collapse. Perfect coherence is an optimal state between chaos and order. With too much cooperation, it is as though individual members of the orchestra are no longer able to improvise. In effect, MS patients are drowning in light.
Popp also examined the effects of stress. In a stressed state, the rate of biophoton emissions goes up – a defence mechanism designed to restore the patient's equilibrium.
All these phenomena led Popp to think of biophoton emissions as a sort of correction by a living system of Zero Point Field fluctuations (see box, p 1). Every system likes to achieve a minimum of free energy. In a perfect world, all waves would cancel each other out by destructive interference. However, this is impossible with the Zero Point Field, where these tiny fluctuations of energy constantly disturb the system. Emitting photons is a compensatory gesture to stop this disturbance and attempt a sort of energy equilibrium. As Popp thought of it, the Zero Point Field forces a human being to be a candle. The healthiest body would have the lowest light and be closest to a zero state, the most desirable state – the closest a living thing could get to nothingness.
Popp now recognised that what he'd been experimenting with was even more than a cure for cancer or Gestaltbildung. Here was a model which provided a better explanation than the current neo-Darwinist theory for how all living things evolve on the planet. Rather than a system of fortunate but ultimately random error, if DNA uses frequencies of every variety as an information tool, this suggests instead a feedback system of perfect communication through waves that encode and transfer information.
Popp came to realise that light in the body might even hold the key to health and illness. In one experiment, he compared the light from free-range hens' eggs with that from battery hens. The photons in the former were far more coherent than those in the latter.
He went on to use biophoton emissions as a tool for measuring the quality of food. The healthiest food had the lowest and most coherent intensity of light. Any disturbance in the system increased the production of photons. Health was a state of perfect subatomic communication, and ill health was a state of communication breakdown. We are ill when our waves are out of synch.
It took some 25 years for Popp to gather converts from among the scientific community. Slowly, a few select scientists around the globe began to consider that the body's communication system might be a complex network of resonance and frequency. Eventually, they would form the International Institute of Biophysics, composed of 15 groups of scientists from international centres around the world.
Popp and his new colleagues went on to study the light emissions from several organisms of the same species, first in an experiment with a type of water flea of the genus Daphnia. What they found was nothing short of astonishing. Tests with a photomultiplier showed that the water fleas were sucking up the light emitted from each other. Popp tried the same experiment on small fish and got the same result. According to his photomultiplier, sunflowers were like biological vacuum cleaners, moving in the direction of the most solar photons to hoover them up. Even bacteria swallowed photons from the media they were put in.
Thus, it dawned on Popp that these emissions had a purpose outside of the body. Wave resonance wasn't only being used to communicate inside the body, but between living things as well. Two healthy beings engaged in 'photon sucking', as he called it, by exchanging photons. Popp realised that this exchange might unlock the secret of some of the animal kingdom's most persistent conundrums: how schools of fish or flocks of birds create perfect and instantaneous coordination. Many experiments on the homing ability of animals demonstrate that it has nothing to do with following habitual trails, scents or even the EM fields of the earth, but rather some form of silent communication that acts like an invisible rubber band, even when the animals are separated by miles of distance.
For humans, there was another possibility. If we could take in the photons of other living things, we might also be able to use the information from them to correct our own light if it went awry.
Popp had begun experimenting with such an idea. If cancer-causing chemicals could alter the body's biophoton emissions, then it might be that other substances could reintroduce better communication. Popp wondered whether certain plant extracts could change the character of the biophoton emissions from cancer cells to make them communicate again with the rest of the body. He began experimenting with a number of non-toxic substances purported to be successful in treating cancer. In all but one instance, these substances only increased the photons from tumour cells, making them even more deadly to the body.
The single success story was mistletoe, which appeared to help the body to 'resocialise' the photon emissions of tumour cells back to normal. In one of numerous cases, Popp came across a woman in her thirties who had breast and vaginal cancer. Popp found a mistletoe remedy that created coherence in her cancer tissue samples. With the agreement of her doctor, the woman stopped any treatment other than the mistletoe extract and, after a year, all her laboratory tests were virtually back to normal.
A woman who had been given up as a terminal cancer case had her proper light restored just by taking a herb.
To Popp, homoeopathy was another example of photon sucking. He had begun to think of it as a 'resonance absorber'. Homoeopathy rests upon the notion that like is treated with like. A plant extract that at full strength can cause hives in the body is used in an extremely diluted form to get rid of it. If a rogue frequency in the body can produce certain symptoms, it follows that a high dilution of a substance which can produce the same symptoms would also carry that frequency. Like a resonating tuning fork, a suitable homoeopathic solution might attract and then absorb the abnormal oscillations, allowing the body to return to normal health.
Popp thought that EM molecular signalling might even explain acupuncture. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, the human body has a system of meridians, running deep in the tissues, through which flows an invisible energy the Chinese call ch'i, or the life force. The ch'i supposedly enters the body through these acupuncture points and flows to deeper organ structures (which do not correspond to those in Western biology), providing energy (or the life force). Illness occurs when this energy is blocked at any point along the pathways. According to Popp, the meridian system transmits specific energy waves to specific zones of the body.
Research has shown that many of the acupuncture points have a dramatically reduced electrical resistance compared with the surrounding skin (10 kilo-ohms and 3 mega-ohms, respectively). Orthopaedic surgeon Dr Robert Becker, who has done a great deal of research on EM fields in the body, designed a special electrode recording device that rolls along the body like a pizza cutter. His many studies have shown electrical charges on every one of the people tested corresponding to the Chinese meridian points.
Extracted from The Field: The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe, by Lynne McTaggart, to be published this October by HarperCollins (£17.99). For a signed, pre-publication copy, contact our offices or see the enclosed flyer.
Lynne McTaggart

subset: commoncrawl


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1970 AMC AMX - AMXcellent
With almost no off-the-shelf aftermarket parts available for AMCs, Jon Zeimetz's '70 AMX was a labor of love.
Most common folks have never even heard of American Motors Corporation, and for the most part, that's a good thing. With creations like the Pacer, quite possibly the ugliest car ever built, AMC didn't accomplish many things worthy of occupying space in people's organic hard drives. Yet, in spite of the failures and follies of the now belly-up automaker, AMC left behind a silent legacy that significantly impacts the industry to this day. That's right, a legacy. No joke. And no, your author isn't writing while intoxicated. Scout's honor.
Delving into the annals of AMC history, the company is credited with developing the first full-time all-wheel-drive system offered in a passenger car with the1980 Eagle, complete with a viscous center differential. AMC's Jeep brand practically invented the modern SUV market with its Cherokee and Wagoneer models in 1983. The H1 Hummer was actually designed by AMC under its AM General division before the brand was sold off. To this day, Chrysler markets the Jeep Wrangler, which, along with its 4.0L straight-six, was originally built by AMC. Furthermore, after purchasing the company in 1987, Chrysler used AMC's talented engineers to stage its own revival in the '90s. The moral of the story is that in the wake of establishing a well-earned reputation of mediocrity, AMC managed to roll out some surprisingly decent automobiles.
Part musclecar and part sports car, one of AMC's finest automobiles was the AMX, and straight from the factory there was plenty to like about it. A compact two-seater, it weighed just a smidgen over 3,000 pounds, and packed a V-8-only engine lineup. No puny six-cylinders were offered. The big dog 390ci small-block kicked out 315 hp and featured a forged crank and rods. Checking off the Group 19 options box at the dealer added goodies like a bigger cam, disc brakes, aluminum intake manifolds, a shorter ring-and-pinion set, and a Detroit Locker rear end. As such, it has all the right ingredients to make a kick-ass modern street machine, and Jon Zeimetz's '70 AMX authoritatively proves it.
With modern chassis bits and a proper stance, Jon's AMX exudes the street fighter vibe from every angle. However, it was damn near impossible getting it to its current state of excellence. Due to the obvious lack of readily available parts, building an AMC is a monumental challenge, but Jon had good reason for accepting the daunting mission. "I wanted to build a one-and-only type of car, not another Camaro or Nova," he quips. "You'd be surprised at how many people don't know what an AMC is. All my friends laughed when I bought the car, but now whenever I pull into a parking lot or go to a show, there's a crowd of people around the car before I even get out of it."
Coming from a lineage of Mopar diehards, Jon has grown accustomed to scrounging for parts. He's owned and restored a number of Challengers, 'Cudas, and Chargers. That training was still insufficient, however, as the option more often than not was custom fabricating one-off parts for the AMX. WSC Motorsports (Stone Mountain, Ga.) built the custom front coilovers, rear leafs, shocks, and sway bars. The custom steering pump is a modified circle-track unit. After weeks of searching for a big brake kit, Jon threw up a Hail Mary on an Internet message board for help as a last resort. Miraculously, McIntire Machine Inc. (Patterson, Calif.) responded and provided a stout combo using Wilwood calipers with 13-inch rotors up front and 12-inchers in the back. Although the chassis work was infuriating at times, Jon has no regrets. "I like modern technology, so I wanted to build it as a Pro-Touring car from day one," he explains. "The hard work has really paid off, and it corners just as well as my '05 Corvette. It goes down the road like no other musclecar I've ever owned, and I've owned more than 50."
To scoot the AMX down the road, Jon's original plan called for dropping in a 5.7L EFI Hemi and attaching it to a Tremec six-speed trans. Since the Hemi required hacking up the shock towers for clearance, and no one offered a bolt-in T56 kit at the time, Jon decided to keep it all AMC. Built by Alfano Performance (Kenosha, Wis. ), the 401ci AMC mill was bored 0.030-inch over for a grand total of 407 inches, then fitted with Venolia 10.5:1 forged pistons. Plenty stout for the task at hand, the stock forged crank and rods were retained. Up top, an Edelbrock RPM intake manifold feeds a set of heavily massaged aluminum heads, also from Edelbrock. A 252-at-0.050 Crane solid roller cam bumps the valves, and a custom seven-quart oil pan seals in the lube. When the 950-cfm Holley carburetor cracks open and the Hooker long-tube headers belch, Jon estimates the output at 550-600 hp and predicts solid 11-second ETs. Backing up that grunt is a 3,800-stall converter that transfers torque to a Chrysler 727 trans. Knowing that the AMC rear end wasn't up to snuff, Jon adapted an 8.75-inch Chrysler unit out of an A-body. It was narrowed an inch and inside its pumpkin are 3.91:1 gears and a limited-slip differential.
Inside the cabin, pragmatism and functionality take precedence over frivolous embellishments. The custom carbon fiber instrument panel borders on austere, but gets the job done by housing a comprehensive assortment of Auto Meter gauges. Revealing his sense of humor, Jon says the Mopar logos on the speedometer and tach are a tribute to Chrysler's takeover of AMC. Occupants sit in Tuner FX seats and are cinched into place with a custom five-point harness. An aluminum Hurst shifter engages the transmission, and steering inputs are fed into a Grant GT wheel. To thwart excessive road noise, the entire interior is lined with Duramat insulation. Both the door panels and seats are covered in a pattern that mimics the carbon fiber instrument panel, a nice touch that creates a theme of continuity.
While always partial to the '70 AMX for its flush-mounted grille and dual-snorkel hoodscoop, Jon wanted to take his car one step further. One of the most obvious visual elements is its silver-and-black paint scheme. "I wasted thousands of dollars test painting different colors on the car," he says. "Then someone pulled into work one day with a silver and black Harley Edition F-150, and that helped me make up my mind." Jon went through a similar routine with the wheel selection before settling on a set of custom 18-inch Boyd Coddington Junk Yard Dogs wrapped in 245/40 front, and 285/35 rear tires. Other touches are more subtle, like body seams that have been welded shut and bumper bolts that have been removed. Under the hood, there are no errant wires as all electrical hardware is tucked neatly away. One of the coolest details is the custom side pipes. After the car was completed, Jon re-routed the tailpipes to exit out of the quarter-panels. Jon isn't done yet, though, as he's trying to figure out how to fit a Chrysler 300C IRS into the AMX.
Looking back nearly 40 years, why the AMX wasn't more successful is anyone's guess. Despite offering stellar performance bang for not a lot of bucks, less than 25,000 were sold between 1968 and 1970. Sure, it isn't as popular as a '69 Camaro or a '71 'Cuda, but it does have mystique. The nicest '69 Camaro ever built will still fail to get the looks and admiration of this AMX, and that's at least as important to Jon as the raw performance.
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Saddle up, players, and join our wagon-train through the Wild West. From straight-arrow sheriffs to ornery outlaws – Wild Frontier recalls the legends and pays tribute to the skill and resilience of these goldmining, bear-trapping, hard-living pioneers. Those who never gave up, even when times were tough as the dusty sole of a hobnail boot. Wild Frontier is about capturing this spirit in your own game – and giving you the tools and the cool conviction you need to survive.
Trapper is our tribute to the men and women who lived tough in the wilderness, deserts and mountains of the Wild Frontier. This hardy, 80% Tungsten front weighted dart has been honed to hit its mark and bite the board like a rattlesnake. This dart set features the revolver grip, our most positive and comfortable grip yet. This grip profile allows you to relax your finger but still maintain complete control of the dart. Finished with a highly reflective cactus green and instilled with the courage of the pioneer, here lies the freedom to rebel and play your way.
A tapered nose with a simple no-slip ring grip travels into an area of reverse scallop shark grip which allows for maximum traction, whether the player's fingers pull back or push forward from this point. The Trapper then moves into the signature revolver grip, this section features 3 rings and six radial millings that resemble a gun barrel. The tail of this barrel then tapers up to an intense scalloped shark grip combined with a ring grip. An axial cut on top of this increases the contact points on the dart and assures an ultra-confident grip. A smooth section at the tail end connects the durable pyramid grip shaft to the barrel.
Barrel & Tip Specifications:
What's Included (5):
Warranty (4): Lifetime on barrel breakage only, return to manufacturer. Does not include tip breakage.


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Alicia Keys' Fashion Evolution on the Red Carpet [Photos]
Although she may have been working in the music industry since the mid-'90s, the first time many of us laid eyes on Alicia Keys was in her 2001 video for 'Fallin'.' Dressed casually with her hair in braids, the New York City native dazzled everyone with her talent. With a career spanning almost two decades, Keys not only matured as a musician but also as a style icon.
TheDrop.fm takes a look at how this Grammy Award-winning chanteuse went from embracing casual street wear to strutting her stuff in sizzling red carpet looks. Like every entertainer, she's had many hits and her fair share of misses when it comes to her style choices. Here's Alicia Keys' Fashion Evolution.
Alicia Keys' is currently performing on her Set the World On Fire tour and wants to get to know her fans in every city. During her worldwide trek, the songstress is asking fans to send in photos of themselves in their cities, and with those photos, she will create a new music video for her song 'Hallelujah' in every city on her tour. To submit your photos to the 'Your City, Your Video' project, go here. The next deadline for photo submissions for the tour dates in Cologne, Amsterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg is Mon., May 27. The submission period for dates prior to that has closed.


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(Washington, DC) - The United States Senate should move beyond collecting testimony in its commitment to help prevent and punish rape in conflict, Human Rights Watch said today in a written submission to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The US is in a strong position to provide active global leadership and to press for international action, Human Rights Watch said.
Senators Barbara Boxer of California and Russ Feingold of Wisconsin are co-sponsoring a hearing today on violence against women in conflict, featuring witnesses from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Darfur. The Obama administration's new ambassador-at-large for global women's issues, Melanne Verveer, will also testify.
"It is heartening to see the Senate and the administration come together to exchange views on this critical issue," said Marianne Mollmann, women's rights advocate at Human Rights Watch. "But sexual violence in conflict is nothing new. We know it happens. We know it goes unpunished. Now is the time for action, not words."
Sexual violence against women and girls has been a horrifying characteristic of all recent armed conflicts and many post-conflict situations. Human Rights Watch has documented this violence in countries ranging from Darfur and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the former Yugoslavia. The research also shows that the perpetrators of these crimes rarely are brought to justice. In many conflict areas, seeking justice for sexual violence is difficult, often dangerous, and frequently very costly.
"Victims of violence often confront a gutted, corrupt, or untrained police force and justice system," said Mollmann. "In some cases, the police are afraid of investigating crimes committed by soldiers or militia, and certainly can't provide protection for the victims of abuse."
The hearing in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee is meant to generate concrete action points for the United States and will consider detailed submissions from Human Rights Watch and other organizations. The United States is in a particularly strong position to engage other countries on this issue, both because of its permanent seat at the United Nations Security Council, and because of its substantial foreign aid to conflict-ridden countries.
Last June, the Bush administration led the Security Council in a resolution that, for the first time, unequivocally mandated the United Nations to address sexual violence as a weapon of war and a threat to international peace and security. Advocates hope that the Senate hearing will consolidate US leadership on this issue, specifically by pushing the United Nations to establish a senior special representative on sexual violence.
"Stopping rape in war is as bipartisan as it gets," said Mollmann. "Here, the Senate really can come together and speak with one voice to benefit women worldwide by urging the United Nations to put its money where its mouth is and appoint a special representative to tackle this issue head on."


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Delicious on their own, eggs are also employed as a leavener for baked goods, a base for dressings, a thickener for sauces and a coating for breaded foods.
Used both as an ingredient and a main dish, eggs are a food product produced by poultry. Though there are many types of eggs available for food preparation (duck, goose, quail, turkey, ostrich), hen, or chicken eggs, are the most commonly eaten.
The Hebrews, Egyptians, Greeks and other ancients regarded the egg as a symbol of the universe. The outer shell represented the sky and the inner skin, the air. The egg white represented water, and the yolk, the earth. Eggs were presented as offerings to their gods and used on occasions of ceremonial celebration.
Types of chicken eggs include :
Standard eggs are commercially produced, commonly found in food stores and used more often than any other type. Most standard eggs have white shells, but sometimes eggs with brown shells are available. The shell color is determined by the breed of the hen and there are no differences in taste or nutritional value.
Fertile eggs contain a small amount of male hormone, and though they were once thought to be more nutritious than standard eggs, they are not. Fertile eggs are more expensive due to higher production costs. They also spoil more quickly.
Organic eggs are produced by hens that have been given feed made without fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides. They are equal in nutritional value to other eggs, but they are more expensive.
Free-range eggs are produced by hens that have been raised with daily access to the outdoors instead of confined pens. Again, the nutrient content is the same, but the price is higher.
Buying Tips
Chicken eggs are typically classified and sold in four standard sizes: medium, large, extra large and jumbo. Unless otherwise specified, most recipes use large eggs.
They are also categorized into grades AA, A and B according to USDA standards for quality. Always choose AA or A eggs—these have a well-formed yolk surrounded by a firm-textured white. Lower grade eggs will have thin whites that spread when cracked open. They will also not be as fresh.
Be sure to open the carton at the store to check that none of the eggs are cracked. Slightly move each one with your finger to see that they aren't stuck to the bottom of the carton, which indicates they have leaked. Also check the "sell by" date.
Storage Tips
Eggs should always be refrigerated in the carton in which they came. This helps keep them from losing moisture and absorbing odors from other foods. Storing eggs large-end-up will also help retain freshness, keeping the yolks centered.


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This open position is located inside the Bass Pro at 200 Bass Pro Dr, Round Rock, TX 78665
At Bluegreen Vacations, as a Sales Representative you will utilize your unique personality and passion to engage and meet face to face with potential customers to generate leads and sell our affordable, family friendly mini vacation getaways.
Job Responsibilities & Expectations
Work/Life Balance:
Job Requirements:
Our goal is to improve the quality of work/life by providing equal employment opportunities for all candidates and team members. Bluegreen Vacations Corporation believes that diversity and inclusion is critical to our success, and we seek to recruit, develop and retain the most talented people from a broad candidate pool. We are a drug-free workplace, and if offered employment, candidate must be willing to submit to a background check/drug test. EOE/DFW
At Bluegreen Vacations, the health, safety and wellbeing of our associates, owners and guests are a top priority. We promote fresh air and good hygiene, take great care to properly clean and sanitize our facilities, and offer associate benefits such as paid vacation and sick time, and paid time off to get your COVID-19 vaccine. We are all in this together!
Other details


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Is Bio Kleen available for purchase outside of the US?
Unfortunately, Bio Kleen is a pesticide that is only registered in the US. It is not available outside of the US.
Whether you drive a diesel car or operate a big rig, you can rely on the diesel additives from Power Service for year-round engine performance improvement, trouble-free winter operation and proper fuel tank hygiene. We are the diesel experts and any size diesel engine will run better with Power Service.All Consumers
From some of the largest fleets in North America to large construction and mining operations, commercial industries rely on Power Service diesel additives to provide year-round diesel engine performance improvement, trouble-free winter operability and proper fuel tank hygiene.For Industries
Find articles, videos, and helpful tips for maintaining your diesel engine. You'll also find product information, useful resources, and advice from our expert team.Visit The Learning Center
Unfortunately, Bio Kleen is a pesticide that is only registered in the US. It is not available outside of the US.
© 2023 Power Service. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy


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One of my photos was picked by Ree of the Pioneer Woman blog for Group 5 of her Silly Faces contest. I didn't know because I hadn't logged into my computer with my parents visit. Even thou I didn't make the finalists, I'm pretty stinkin' proud of myself (do you have any idea how many photos are entered in her contests?)
Here's the link... it's my shot of Max my bug eyed Boston.
Views: 24


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Published on Mar 19, 2013
Re-thinking learning and re-learning thinking
Nicholas Negroponte, Technology Visionary and Founder, One Laptop per Child
What if we have learning all wrong?
In this thoughtful, provocative keynote, Professor Negroponte explores the implications of the work of One Laptop per Child (OLPC), the non-profit association he founded in 2005. Distributing 2.5 million rugged laptops around the world and seeing how impoverished children use them has provoked Professor Negroponte into re-considering much that we take for granted about how children — and all of us –learn.
The industrialisation of schooling, he argues, has replaced our natural wonder of learning with an obsessive focus on facts. We treat knowing as a surrogate for learning, even though our experience tells us that it is quite possible to know about something while utterly failing to understand it.
And compounding this is instructionism's fatally flawed belief that anything can be taught and that there is a perfect way to teach everything. If we have learned one thing from OLPC, it is that the human mind is too rich, complex and wonderful for that.
This lesson does not apply only to children, and it does not apply only to developing countries. Children can — and do — learn a great deal by themselves before they have their natural curiosity extinguished, too often by school. And those children grow into adults. So how would our education systems and our adult lives be better, if we focused a little less on measuring what we tell people and a little more on understanding how they discover?


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Robert Arthur Wilkosz
Robert Arthur Wilkosz, 74 years of Oxford died on Friday, December 28, 2012 at his residence. He was born on April 2, 1938 in Chicago to Michael and Mary (Nosal) Wilkosz.
Robert was a computer program analyst for the First National Bank in Chicago for many years before retiring in the Wisconsin Dells area about 20 years ago. He enjoyed the outdoors and nature. Robert also served in the United States Navy from 1956 – 1958.
Survivors include his friend Dawn Winter of Oxford, 2 sons Brian (Penny) Wilkosz of Wisconsin Dells and Richard (Peggy) Wilkosz of Rockford, 2 daughters Deborah (Jay) Thompson of Lake Bluff, IL and Patricia (Patrick) Arthon of Mauston, mother of his children Dorothy Wilkosz of Mauston, 13 grandchildren, 2 great grandchildren and 2 sisters Joan (Phillip) DiMartino of Harwood Heights, IL and Martha Kastigar of Chicago. He was preceded in death by his parents, brothers Mike, Edward and John and sister Dolly Campbell.
As per his requests, there will be no services at this time.


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Seven Things You May Not Know About Me, But Are About To!
1. I was born in IL but I was conceived in TX.....so I guess that makes me an honorary Lone Star stater?
2. I'm (at least) a 4th-generation redhead and I've proudly continued the tradition, passing the gene on to my daughter.
3. Other than genealogy, I really enjoy role playing games like Dungeons and Dragons (the pen and paper type) and online, Neverwinter Nights. Yeah, I was a nerd girl Dungeon Master!
4. I'm a huge Monkees fan. In the 80's I hung out on Davy's tour bus and ate breakfast with Peter and his family.
5. I write poetry. Not necessarily GOOD poetry, but poetry.
6. On a related note (get it, related?) the rumor in my family was that we were related to Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. If we are, I haven't found it yet.
7. I'm an incredible klutz. Once I broke my toe, and when it was almost healed I broke it again. I was too ashamed to go back to the doctor so I took a few shots of whiskey and set it myself. It's only slightly crooked (I did a decent job) but I can sure feel for our ancestors!


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BAIRD, EDMOND (Edmund), cabinet-maker and upholsterer; b. 9 July 1802 in Stirling, Scotland; m. 21 Dec. 1833 Anne Robinson, in Montreal, and they had several children; d. there 22 Feb. 1859.
Edmond Baird was almost certainly related to James Baird, a Scottish cabinet-maker seven years his senior who preceded him to Montreal and who, when Edmond arrived at the beginning of the 1830s, was in partnership with John Hilton*. In the spring of 1833 the elder Baird and Hilton dissolved their partnership. Before the end of May, Edmond Baird had become Hilton's new partner. This partnership meant that Baird had early achieved recognition in his occupation, for Hilton was, even in the 1830s, becoming the acknowledged head of the cabinet trade in Montreal and one of the most prominent cabinet-makers in the Canadas. Baird was associated with him during a crucial period in Hilton's advancement.
Hilton and Baird advertised furniture in the "modern style" and of workmanship unsurpassed by "any other house in the trade." In 1833, when they made this announcement, "modern style" invariably included the Grecian style, but later in the decade the partners undoubtedly turned to Gothic and Elizabethan styles, both in demand in Montreal by the beginning of the 1840s. Much of the work produced in their workshop was executed in either rosewood or mahogany, imported woods which they also sold to other cabinet-makers.
The reputation which Hilton and Baird made for themselves quickly spread beyond Montreal. Although there were competent cabinet-makers at Quebec, the Quebec merchant J. Benjamin ordered his custom-made furniture from them. Another customer was Abraham Joseph*, the Quebec representative of the firm of H. Joseph and Company. Not even two fires, deliberately set by an arsonist on 4 and 13 Feb. 1843 and causing damages estimated at £600, impeded Hilton and Baird's progress.
By 1845 Hilton was anxious to bring his son William into partnership. On 17 May, therefore, the partnership with Baird was terminated. Baird retained the premises on Place d'Armes and launched into business on his own. He had sufficient work on hand by July to warrant advertising for "Several good cabinet makers."
One of Baird's first important commissions was from the Christian Unitarian Society of Montreal. For its church, opened in 1845 (the first Unitarian church in Canada), the society entrusted Baird with the pew linings, the drapery behind the pulpit and organ railings, and a large wall hanging. The work was carried out in drab moreen and crimson damask, both colours and materials being considered the height of good taste at the time and an effective contrast with the white walls of the church's interior. In his advertisements Baird made much of the fact that he kept constantly on hand fine English and French satins, brocatelles, and other upholstery and curtain materials, all in "the latest fashions."
Baird's own religious affiliation was Methodist. In this he was in company with many of the principal cabinet-makers of Victorian Montreal. Like John Hilton, he attended St James Street Methodist Church and was a major contributor to that church's building fund. One of Baird's daughters, Emmaline Edmond, married in 1860 the Reverend Edward Bradshaw Ryckman, who became a distinguished Methodist clergyman.
Though Edmond Baird's career was cut off comparatively early, he had already achieved success as a leader in a highly competitive trade, first as the partner of the outstanding John Hilton and later while conducting his own business. He left a number of descendants; a grandson, Edward Baird Ryckman, was federal minister of public works in 1926 and minister of national revenue from 1930 to 1933.
Arch. of the Mount Royal Cemetery Company (Outremont, Que.), Reg. of burials, 22 Feb. 1859. PAC, MG 24, I61, U, 25 April 1845; RG 31, A1, 1842, Montreal, St Lawrence Ward. St James United Church (Montreal), Reg. of baptisms, marriages, and burials, 21 Dec. 1833. Bible Christian (Montreal), June 1845. Montreal Gazette, 30 May, 27 Aug. 1833; 7, 14, 23 Feb. 1843; 22 April, 21 May 1845. Montreal Transcript, 22 April 1845. Pilot (Montreal), 5 July 1845, 15 April 1848. Quebec Mercury, 21 Feb. 1846. Times and Daily Commercial Advertiser (Montreal), 23 April 1845. Canada directory, 1851, 1857–58. Montreal directory, 1842–58. G. E. Jaques, Chronicles of the St. James St. Methodist Church, Montreal, from the first rise of Methodism in Montreal to the laying of the corner-stone of the new church on St. Catherine Street (Toronto, 1888),90. Elizabeth Collard, "Montreal cabinetmakers and chairmakers, 1800–1850: a check list," Antiques (New York), 105 (January-June 1974): 1132–46.
© 1985–2023 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Cite This Article
Elizabeth Collard, "BAIRD, EDMOND," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 8, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 2, 2023, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/baird_edmond_8E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
|Author of Article:
|Elizabeth Collard
|Title of Article:
|Publication Name:
|Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 8
|University of Toronto/Université Laval
|Year of publication:
|Year of revision:
|Access Date:
|October 2, 2023


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Metastatic cancer to the lung is cancer that starts somewhere else in the body and spreads to the lungs.
See also: Lung cancer
Metastatic tumors in the lungs are cancers that developed at other places in the body (or other parts of the lungs) and spread through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to the lungs. Common tumors that spread to the lungs include:
However, almost any cancer has the ability to spread to the lungs.
Note: In most cases, there are no lung-related symptoms when the tumors are found.
In most cases, metastatic cancer to the lung is a sign that the cancer has spread into the bloodstream. Usually cancer will be present even in places not seen by CT scans. In these circumstances, removing the visible tumors with surgery is usually not beneficial, although it may still be considered. Chemotherapy is usually the treatment of choice.
Sometimes when the primary tumor has been removed and the cancer has spread to only limited areas of the lung, the lung tumors can be removed with surgery. However, the main tumor must be curable, the lung tumors must be able to be completely cut out, and the patient must be strong enough to go through the surgery and recovery.
Other, less common treatments include:
There are other experimental treatments. One of these treatments uses local heat probes to destroy the area. Another places chemotherapy medicines directly into the artery that supplies blood to the part of the lung containing the tumor.
You can ease the stress of illness by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems. For this condition, see cancer support group.
A cure is unlikely in most cases. It is rare for someone to live more than 5 years with metastatic cancer to the lungs. However, the outlook depends on the specific type of primary cancer.
Rarely, surgery may cure patients with certain types of cancer (sarcoma, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, or melanoma) that has spread just a little bit to the lungs.
Some types of metastatic lung cancer (particularly lymphoma or testicular cancer) can be cured with chemotherapy.
Call your health care provider if you have a history of cancer and you develop:
Not all cancers can be prevented. However, many can be prevented by:
Lung metastases
Rusch VW. Lung metastases. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Niederhuber JE, Kastan MB, McKenna WG. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008:chap 58.
Reviewed by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Read More
Notice: The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright 1997-2012, A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.


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Target of teasing? Cowart No. 1 with a bullet
TEMPE, Ariz. -- Kaleb Cowart gave his Angels teammates some prime hazing material heading into his first Major League Spring Training.
While going through airport security on his way from Georgia to Arizona, the 20-year-old third baseman and avid hunter didn't realize he left a handgun bullet in his book bag. So he got stopped by TSA, caused a scene, spent an extra half-hour getting interviewed, tweeted about it, then didn't hear the end of it.
"First day," Cowart said. "First day of camp I was getting picked on about it."
On Friday, prior to the first full workout, Angels manager Mike Scioscia made Cowart explain himself to the entire room of 64 players. And on Tuesday, as part of the presentations every newbie must give in the pre-workout meetings, Cowart was getting set to present on gun safety, deer hunting and, as the cherry on top, mating season.
"It took awhile just to get all the stuff together," said Cowart, who had to run to Office Max five separate times because of pictures he forgot to print out for his poster boards. "Once I got all the stuff together, it was 20, 30 minutes. But just to get all the stuff together took awhile."
Cowart is the Angels' No. 1 prospect, the only one in the organization ranked in the Top 100 by MLB.com (67th), and is slated to take over as the full-time third baseman in two years. But here, heading into his first season of Double-A, he's just like any other first-timer, giving embarrassing presentations and even sharing a locker.
His focus is to improve on his greatest weakness, consistency from the left side of the plate, and to soak in these next few weeks.
"I'm having a blast, just being around these guys," said Cowart, the switch-hitter who batted .276 with 16 homers and 103 RBIs at both Class A levels last year. "I couldn't be more excited about this year and what's going on here in Spring Training."


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Switzerland vs. USA 1-11 (1-8, 0-2, 0-1)
Team USA started strong, scoring right off the bat, but Switzerland was able to respond quickly. The first period, however, ended 7-1 in favour of the Americans. The second part of the game was a high tempo, hard fought period. The game officials had to clamp down, and as a result both teams spent some time in the penalty box. At the end of the second period Swiss goalie Sophie Anhtamatten had made 24 saves, while USA goalie had only needed to make 4. The second period ended with a 10-1 score.The flow of the third period was interrupted with many penalties as well, but Team USA was still able to score to goals for a clear 12-1 victory over Switzerland. Best Players:SUI – Sophie AnthamattenUSA – Meghan Duggan


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Run, don't walk, away from these all-too-common words of advice.
Small-business owners get unsolicited advice everyday. Some of it can be very helpful, some of it is better off ignored. If you hear any of the "words of wisdom" listed below, our advice to you is to smile, say thank you, and move on.
Good things come to those who wait.
If you follow this advice, you may be waiting a very long time for success.
Better advice: Small-business owners need to be aggressive and go out and grab opportunities as they happen. You are responsible for initiating your success.
Failure is not an option.
Unfortunately, it is the most likely outcome in any small business venture.
Better advice: Accept failure, learn what you can, let go of it, and look for another opportunity to succeed.
Do what you love and the money will follow.
In the ideal world, this would always be true.
Better advice: The money will follow if you find something you are passionate about and you're selling a product or service your customers need or want.
The customer is always right.
If the customer was always right then it would be too expensive for any company to stay in business.
Better advice: Listen to the customer's concerns and show empathy in proposing solutions to their problems.
Think outside the box.
Sometimes ideas so far outside the box will make a small-business owner go broke because customers won't pay for it.
Better advice: Look inside the box for constant problems customers still pay to solve.
Never give up.
This hard fast rule can lead to bankruptcy. Don't go down with the ship!
Better advice: Follow Kenny Rogers' advice and "know when to hold 'em and when to fold 'em." Successful entrepreneurs know when it's time to close down their business and look for a new start.
If you are not hiring, you are not growing.
Successful businesses are not measured in the number of employees, but in the profit (cash flow) they generate for their owners.
Better advice: Get the right resources (employees, freelancers, vendors) to get the job done most effectively.
Separate out your business and personal life.
In the world of the Internet-enabled smartphone, it is nearly impossible to separate these two worlds.
Better advice: Merge your business and personal aspects into one happy life. But establish business free zones (like the gym, dinner table, bedroom or vacation) so you are able to recharge.
Never leave money on the table.
This strategy is greedy and shows short term thinking. It can also blind the small-business owner to additional objectives, or big-picture thinking and planning.
Better advice: Emphasize long term relationships so annuities with vendors and customers can be built to maximize their lifetime value.
Always be innovating.
While it is important to evolve and change with the market, innovation should not be done for its own sake.
Better advice: Consistently ask customers and survey competitors on new ways to solve problems.
If you want it done right, do it yourself.
If you follow this strategy, you will always be working. You will have built a job, but not a company.
Better advice: Find leverage in your business by training employees to do tasks that will leverage your time. Later, bring in a team that is better at these tasks than you are.
If you build a great product (or service), customers will come.
While this may work in the movies, it never is effective in business. If your product can't get found, it will never be chosen.
Better advice: Set up a consistent system of sales and marketing so customers can find your product when they are looking.
Business is about taking big risks.
This is a surefire way to go out of business and never have the financial resources to recover.
Better advice: Take small risks and analyze the results. Business is ultimately a series of small decisions and incremental steps.
Don't quit your day job.
Many entrepreneurs are told to keep their start up as a hobby and don't risk doing it full time.
Better advice: When you have enough customers to support your minimum overhead, jump to doing the business on an exclusive basis. Only with complete focus will you be able to grow the business to its full potential.
Everything is fair in business.
You will be surprised what people have the audacity to do in business, and no not everything is "fair" in business, and what may be considered "fair", it isn't always right.
Better advice: Think about the code of conduct with which you want to conduct your business. Train your staff to stick to it.
You can't change the world.
You are told you will never have enough resources to really make a difference.
Better advice: You actually can change the world. As a small-business owner, focus on doing it one customer at a time.
You must first write a detailed business plan.
Business plans are totally overrated. They typically are a series of assumptions that never come true.
Better advice: After writing the initial business plan, get customers to validate assumptions or help morph to a more profitable path.
Business is about having a great idea.
Many entrepreneurs think they have to protect their innovative idea or sometimes even want to sell it.
Better advice: Business ideas are meaningless if you can't back it up. Success is really about taking action and finding the right team to work with to build a company.
Quit while you are ahead.
This is a fearful and fatalistic approach to business.
Better advice: Find out how you can build on the success that you have already achieved that can minimize some of your risks going forward. If you feel comfortable, take some money out of the business as financial insurance.
You have to spend money to make money.
Many vendors say you have to invest a lot of money to build a business.
Better advice: Having too much money will make you frivolous with it. Most businesses are started with less than $10,000. As a small-business owner, it's your money so be cheap. Only spend money on things that are testable, trackable and repeatable.


text: When Majestic Realty Co., a Los Angeles-based commercial real estate developer, moved to Microsoft's Business Productivity Online Suite (BPOS) for cloud-based email in early 2011, CIO Jon Grunzweig was shocked by the lack of technical support he found for BPOS in the marketplace. \n"A year ago, no one knew anything about BPOS," he says. "We couldn't get good advice ahead of time on what to look out for, what to think about. That knowledge wasn't there. Microsoft didn't have it. Neither did third-parties." \nThe dearth of BPOS know-how complicated Majestic Realty's migration off of its on-premise Exchange servers. It also put a lot of pressure on Grunzweig's staff. They had to figure out how to configure Outlook for the cloud and how to integrate it with Majestic Realty's on-premise systems largely on their own. Of course, they made mistakes along the way. \nFor instance, when Grunzweig's network infrastructure team first configured Outlook for the cloud, his staff set it up so that email headers would come in to users' inboxes first, followed by the "detail" or body of the message. This way, users would see emails\u2014more specifically, the headers\u2014coming into their inboxes in near real-time. But this configuration created a problem: Because Majestic Realty's cloud email was slower than its on-premise email, when users saw new headers in their inboxes and clicked to open them, the messages didn't open because they hadn't finished downloading. Users didn't understand why their email wasn't opening. \n"We realized that we needed to configure the desktop differently so that it wouldn't show new email in users' inboxes until the header and the detail were all there," says Grunzweig. "We encountered dozens of little things like that." \nGrunzweig says he suspects that Microsoft was ill-equipped to help his company with the migration because the software giant focused on building out its infrastructure for cloud email and devoted few resources to supporting customers. "Microsoft has this really impressive infrastructure, but on the support side\u2014to help people come up on it\u2014the support was not good," he says. "They put really inexperienced, green people on this initiative. I'd never seen something like this from Microsoft." The Cloud Computing Skills Shortage\nMajestic Realty's BPOS migration illustrates many of the challenges CIOs face as they move infrastructure and applications to the cloud. The biggest hurdle of them all\u2014and the one that menaces cloud deployments the most\u2014is the lack of IT professionals who are familiar with cloud offerings and know how to implement them. \nAcross the IT industry, CIOs, technology vendors and consultants agree that there is a serious shortage of cloud computing skills that threatens to hamper adoption. Whether it's software engineers who know how to develop applications for the cloud, resource planners who can estimate an enterprise's need for computing capacity, architects who can integrate services from different cloud vendors, or administrators who understand how to configure and support cloud-based services, a wide range of cloud-related skills are in great demand, and companies can't leverage the benefits of cloud computing without them. \nTo illustrate the scope of the skills shortage, a recent analysis of hiring trends from Wanted Analytics, a provider of recruiting data, quantifies that the demand for cloud skills far outstrips supply. The company counted more than 3,400 job ads for IT professionals that required cloud computing skills in February 2012, a 99 percent increase over February 2011. \n"People who understand cloud operations and how to deploy cloud solutions are really sought after right now," says Greg Pierce, cloud strategy officer with consultancy TriBridge. "Talent is very difficult to find and very expensive." \nMark Thiele, executive vice president of data center technologies at Switch, a Las Vegas-based provider of data center and colocation facilities, says the organizations that are currently struggling the most with this skills shortage are the ones that are trying to support other companies and their cloud requirements. "All the hosting providers and small cloud startups and professional services organizations are cruising around the world trying to find anyone and everyone who can spell cloud," he says. "If you have successfully built and delivered any kind of cloud environment for someone and can put that on your resume, you can write your own ticket." \nIndeed, without these cloud-savvy IT professionals, everyone suffers: the vendors, the consultants and their customers. Look for Workers With Their Heads in the Cloud\nCIOs need people\u2014both internal staff and third-party providers\u2014who can help them think through their cloud computing plans, develop business cases, determine what to move into the cloud, how to get it there, how to integrate it with on-premise systems, and how to secure it. The stakes for getting these plans right are high. "The CIOs who will fail will do so because they've forced the cloud issue with a less than holistic view of their entire organization," says Thiele. "They will end up investing millions of dollars to put something in [at the behest of their CEOs] that becomes an anchor or an eyesore for the IT organization. There's no way to underestimate the potential for that risk." \nThiele says he has observed that nightmare scenario play out inside several big financial services companies that he says spent millions of dollars to build their own private clouds only to have them fail completely. \n"Without those skills, you'll be wasting your time," warns Thiele. "It'll be like having a Ferrari engine without any Ferrari mechanics around to service it." How CIOs Should Address the Cloud Computing Skills Shortage\nIf Grunzweig's experience is any indicator, CIOs will not be able to rely exclusively on professional services firms to take the lead on cloud deployments. A year ago, he couldn't find any consulting firms in his budget with any knowledge of BPOS. Nor could he identify third-parties that could help him do data replication and back-up in his company's private cloud, another project he was pursuing at the time (and continues to pursue). \nA year later, Grunzweig says he has a handful of consulting companies in the Los Angeles area that he can call who have a better understanding of how to back-up data in his company's private cloud. But, he is quick to add, "there is still a void of information." \nEven consultants agree that CIOs will have to focus on shoring up their internal staffs' cloud computing know-how. \n"By 2016, there will be more deployments of software in the cloud than on premise," says TriBridge's Pierce. "If that holds true, then right now you can't afford not to build those skills in your organization. The best way to build talent is to start doing cloud deployments and learn as you go." \nDavid Nichols, CIO Services Leader for Ernst & Young, agrees. "The vast majority of these skills will have to be rebadged," he says. "CIOs will have to take a component of their workforces and get them skilled and up to speed. A lot of this will be trial by fire." \nAs Majestic Realty's experience shows, the "learn as you go" approach to cloud deployments is fraught with lessons learned, but right now it's the company's only viable option. Despite the difficulties Majestic Realty faced getting answers to their BPOS questions, Grunzweig's staff still managed to complete the project on schedule, migrating the whole company in groups over a six-week period. \nThe benefit of the "learn as you go" approach is that it results in a stronger, more knowledgeable IT staff\u2014and one that will be better prepared to work on additional cloud deployments that Grunzweig is contemplating, such as cloud-based virus protection and CRM. Clearly, the challenges Grunzweig and staff have encountered migrating to cloud-based email and data back-up have not scared them off. \n"Luckily," says Grunzweig, "I have an incredibly talented, experienced team." Meridith Levinson covers Careers, Security and Cloud Computing for CIO.com. Follow Meridith on Twitter @meridith. Follow everything from CIO.com on Twitter @CIOonline and on Facebook. Email Meridith at email@example.com.


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We are committed to providing an environment that will allow you to learn and laugh as we share creative techniques and projects with you!
As HOWnow grows you will find a wide variety of different courses. We are now offering our third Interactive Class, Christmas in a Flurry! with Julie Ebersole and friends. Fold It, Pop It, Flip It, Zip It: Interactive Card Making and The Gifted Stamper: One Dozen Easy-to-Make Gifts For All Occasions, taught by Julie Ebersole are also still available as Independent Study Classes, which offer all the inspiration and education as it did as an Interactive Class, minus the live forum activity.
HOW does it work? Three simple steps! You can register here first, or create your account when you purchase the class. When you register for your second class, it will be added to your existing account for easy access to both from one login.
Once you're in:
We are so glad you are here! Sign up for your first class today!


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German Shepherd puppies for sale in Minnesota
About Minnesota German Shepherds
Looking for German Shepherd puppies for sale in Minnesota?
Who doesn't love a German Shepherd? They are intelligent and make for great working dogs. You may have even seen a few being utilized by your local police department. This is because they are highly trainable and athletic. German Shepherds seem to be fearless because they will go into any situation they have been trained for. They make great helpmates and are commonly used as guide dogs. The military even uses this highly intelligent and trainable breed. From family pet to guide dog to watchdog this breed has an amazing skill set. We can help you find your German Shepherd breeder in Minnesota.
They descend from the family of German herding dogs. In the late 1800's German cavalry officer, Captain Max von Stephanitz decided to create the perfect German herder. Ever hear of Rin-Tin-Tin and Strongheart? They were doggie movie stars in the early 1900s. They helped put the breed on the map in the United States. Today German Shepherds are the second most popular dog breed in America.
These dogs are highly intelligent, ridiculously obedient, loyal, alert, confident, curious, and courageous dogs. They almost sound made up but they really are all of those things and more. The breed is as loving as they are obedient. These guys will play with your family and be on the constant lookout for danger. Your German Shepherd pup will be curious and will love to learn new things.
These dogs need lots of room and time to run and play. Being one of the more agile and fast breeds they would enjoy activities that allow them to utilize what they were bred to do. Playing fetch, swimming, agility training and obedience training are all things you can enjoy with your German Shepherd pup. They are extremely athletic and love to show off what they have learned.
Being one of the more intelligent breeds they are excellent at most anything they are trained to do. They have been used for a variety of jobs everything from search dogs to assisting the handicapped. They thrive on learning new things. You would be best served in looking into how to train and socialize your new pup. Starting off on the right foot will result in a beautiful relationship between you and your German Shepherd pup.
These guys are handsome pups. Ideally, they will have a medium length double coat and an outer coat that is straight and dense. Sometimes they can have a wavy or wiry coat. Their coats come in a variety of colors. Some of the coat colors are Black, Black & Tan, Red & Black, Sable, Grey and Black & Silver. They have a few coat patterns too solid, bi-color, saddleback, and sable. They are truly a beautiful dog breed.
Standard Male: 24"–26" 66–88 LBS
Standard Female: 22"–24" 49–71 LBS
We hand selected these German Shepherd puppies for sale in Minnesota from our puppy finder.
Puppy's health
After you have been approved for a German Shepherd puppy in Minnesota and you have selected the perfect puppy, the puppy will undergo an industry-leading health examination. This health exam provided by PawFax has 20 criteria and must be signed off by a certified and licensed veterinarian. The puppy must have an A+ grade before it goes home. This protects you, the puppy buyer from receiving a puppy that is less than perfect. We strongly encourage you to complete the PawFax health exam with your local veterinarian within 72 hours of receiving your new puppy.
We make it simple when you are looking for German Shepherd breeders.
Does Preferable Pups have German Shepherd puppies for sale in Minnesota?
Here at Preferable Pups, we work extra hard to only add the best selection of dog breeders and puppies in Minnesota. If you are on puppy finder and don't see a puppy for sale in Minnesota, click "Apply" and we will find one.
How does Preferable Pups screen a German Shepherd breeder in Minnesota?
We have 100's of breeder requests each week. We use PawFax to verify our Minnesota German Shepherds. With only the best breeders allowed in the Preferable Pups community, you have nothing to worry about when looking for your new best friend. Learn about our industry-leading process for screening the health of puppies. Learn More
Do you have German Shepherd puppies for sale near me in Minnesota?
Yes! Preferable Pups is always adding new fully screened and healthy German Shepherd puppies. We have puppies for sale all over Minnesota and the surrounding areas within our Preferable Pups family of breeders. If you're looking for German Shepherd Minnesota, you came to the right place.
What if the German Shepherd puppy I want is not in Minnesota? Will you ship?
When you search for breeders in Minnesota you will see each breeder has been asked to provide several pieces of information. One of the things we asked them to provide, is travel details. Travel arrangements will be clearly defined in each breeder's biography. Of course, it's always best to pick your puppy up in person but if that's not convenient travel arrangements can most likely be made.
How quickly can I find a German Shepherd puppy for sale with Preferable Pups?
You can get a German Shepherd pup very fast with us. We handle the entire process of health checks, breeder screening and travel arrangements. We do this so you don't have to spend weeks doing all that hard work. Puppy Finder makes it easy by narrowing down all available puppies and soon to be litters closest to you.
What's the price of German Shepherd puppies for sale in AL?
There's no set price for German Shepherd puppies for sale Minnesota. Pricing is determined by the unique attributes of each particular puppy. These attributes include sex, temperament, coloring and more importantly, breeder experience. You won't go wrong using Preferable Pups when looking for Minnesota German Shepherd.