text:
Paternal and Religious Authority in the Arab WorldYemen's Sons Have Broken the Vow of Silence
I have just returned from Yemen, where I wanted to make a film about deaf youths. Everything had been planned and prepared for a year. I only needed a classroom in Aden in order to begin filming. The school for the deaf in Khor Maksar and the parents of the deaf-mute children supported my plans to do the film adaptation of Nigel Williams' "Class Enemy" with a group of deaf students. And soon enough, we found a suitable room, a rundown classroom that only served as storage space for broken desks.
We could have started right then if it wasn't for the lack of an official permission from the school authorities, as the principle's jurisdiction in such matters is limited. After all, this does concern a film, something that might be shown in public. Perhaps it could offend someone, and possibly cause problems. This would mean having to find someone responsible – someone who could be punished. And this is only about an unused classroom. Or is it?
We were still quite optimistic as we set out to find the school inspector for the Khor Maksar district. We met with great sympathy for our project. Yes, it is a wonderful idea to shoot a film with these poor deaf children, we were told. Of course, the classroom would be made available. Yet, the authorities would first like to have a quick look at the scenario.
This was the beginning of the end for the project.
The translation into Arabic required days, and we waited even longer for a response. Finally, we were asked to come to the local school board. In addition to accepting some censorship of the script, we would be obliged to have two members of the school board present during filming – understandably for our own security and to provide support. And, of course, it was taken for granted that we would be paying the salaries of our "guardians" during this time – money from the non-existent budget of our no-budget production.
Masters in the art of friendly obstruction
Yes, Yemen is corrupt, just like all of its neighbouring countries. And the corruption ends up hindering every independent initiative and attempts at renewal. There is always someone with an outstretched hand claiming to be responsible. It is also true that Yeminis, at least those employed by the state apparatus, which nonetheless make up about half the population, are paranoid. They hold their positions, not because they are particularly qualified for the office, but rather because they have connections or bribed their superiors.
And then they have to make decisions on matters of which they have no idea whatsoever. Instead of making the wrong decision, it is better to make no decision at all. And if they haven't learned anything else, they are all masters in the art of friendly obstruction. That is unless the size of the bribe is worth the risk of a decision.
And here end the parallels to Yemen's Arab brother countries. Yemen is different. No other country in the Arab world was catapulted so quickly from the Middle Ages to post-modern times – within only one generation – as this poorest state in the region. The smart phone with its place next to the traditional curved dagger on a wide leather belt is the most striking image of simultaneous transformation and immutability.
Yemen's rebellious nature
The current protests in Yemen are not really all that surprising. There have always been demonstrations and revolts. The press was always freer, or at least more courageous, than in neighbouring states. A proud tribal warrior can't be banned from speaking his mind.
The tribal structures of the country have certainly prevented the formation of a unified and functioning state structure, but have likewise hindered the complete control and subjugation of the country's population. The power of the president, in fact, ends at the borders of the capital city, and, at present, it doesn't even extend that far. Any attempt to exercise control requires negotiation with various power brokers. The use of violence may prove to be a supporting argument, but never a decisive one.
The demonstrations in Sana'a, which until now have been surprisingly peaceful for this otherwise warlike country, have wrested the first concessions from the president. In Aden, by contrast, things are strangely quiet, although the South Yemenis reject the government in Sana'a. Without a doubt, they also want to see an end to the rule of Ali Abdullah Saleh. But they see the post of president merely as a symbol, a sort of symptom carrier. They are against the whole political, social, and religious order of the North that was imposed upon the South after "reunification" in 1989. As a result, an armed rebellion broke out in the 1990s that was subsequently brutally suppressed.
Intellectuals, women, and young people, above all, regard themselves as victims of this annexation, which they see as a step back into the Middle Ages. And they have a point. Women have almost completely vanished from all positions of responsibility. They can only appear in public wearing a veil, just like the women in Sana'a. The universities have sunk to levels found in the North, while cultural life has been pushed back into the private sphere or dilettantism.
Revolt in the Age of New Media
For the tribes living on the border with Saudi Arabia, the situation is similarly unclear and ambivalent. They have only recently agreed to a cease fire with Ali Abdulla Saleh after many years of engaging in what was practically a civil war. No doubt the president had to pay a hefty price (although not out of his own pocketbook). Now, events have cast this hard-fought compromise into doubt. In contrast to Egypt and Tunisia, however, the Yemeni president has not had to face a determined block of frustrated citizens.
Saleh is a member of the Hashid tribe, one of the largest and most influential tribes in the country, and can rely on the solidarity of his fellow tribesmen. In addition, he is a military man. He was military governor of Taiz province when, in 1978, he overthrew his predecessor in a putsch and immediately eliminated all potential opponents from the military apparatus. One of the first measures that the Yemeni president promised to enact in reaction to recent protests was, in addition to renouncing a further term in office, to raise soldier's salaries.
Under the current circumstances, I do not wish to make any predictions on the political future of Yemen. This is not just because the situation is so complex, but also because something completely new is taking place for which there is no model – there is a media age revolt brewing among the country's sons. If there is one thing that binds all Arab cultures, it is the absolute authority of fathers over their children.
Sary is only one of many Yemeni friends who have told me of their problems with their fathers. He has no one with whom he can confide. He has not even told his best friend about the conflicts in his family.
Talking about such problems is considered shameful – not only for violent fathers, but also for the suffering sons. Sary is nineteen. He would have liked to study, but had to help in his father's business. Like many, he sympathizes with the demonstrators in Sana'a. Yet, he would never dare to take to the streets in Aden. His father would probably beat him to death.
The absolute power of the father
Sary is the kind of young man that any father could be proud of – he is intelligent, polite, and helpful. Sary's father, however, doesn't seem to appreciate this. Some days, he appears to be the caring family man, only to suddenly turn violent and brutal. He tyrannizes Sary and his siblings with absurd rules and subjects them to severe punishment. A young man in Yemen cannot simply move out of his family home. A father enjoys absolute power over his children, even when they are grown up. Corporal punishment is not a crime. On the contrary, it is considered necessary for the upbringing of children. Many Koranic scholars even view the murder of one's own children as a father's God-given right.
When we talk of "fathers" in Yemen, we don't limit ourselves to actual physical fathers, but also include representative father figures – the imams, teachers, police, and politicians. And, likewise, "sons" are not only young persons, whose desires are to be kept in check by all means. In the patriarchal culture of Yemen, a man remains a son, even long after he has become a father himself. Every revolt against the father is likewise a revolt against God. In the Koran, God has designated fathers with absolute authority for all eternity. To place this in doubt is the equivalent of doubting God himself.
This system has hampered social and political development for centuries. Whatever took place behind closed doors did not concern the outside world. This has religious and, therefore, social legitimacy. In recent years, Yemen has experienced changes having unforeseen subversive and revolutionary potential – satellite dishes and fast Internet connections have made the closed doors transparent. Fathers can still lock up their sons and daughters, but can't completely control their outlets of communication.
The younger generation has discovered ways and means to avoid paternal authority and link up with each other beyond their confining walls. The country's youth have thereby broken the central commandment of paternal authority – the vow of silence.
Internalized fear and submission
The new channels of communication have not only broken down the isolation whose victims were left feeling alone in their powerless hatred towards authority. The new connections to the outside world have shown that there are alternatives. Suddenly, it was possible to see a life in freedom. Previously, one was compelled to believe this didn't even exist.
All of my friends in Yemen can relate stories of paternal violence. And their stories seamlessly flow into reports of violence in schools, children's homes, and prisons. The rage arising from paternal humiliation and injury has now coalesced in a medium where it has been amplified with the force of an explosion. What will happen in Yemen after this blast, which can be heard around the world, remains to be seen.
Is there sufficient time to take the necessary steps to turn this internalized fear and submission into a sense of responsible self-determination? Even among the most ardent opposition figures in Yemen have I yet to meet anyone prepared to cast doubt on religious authority.
Rather, it seems much more the case that in deeply religious Yemen, the patriarchal structures will remain tied to their religious legitimacy for some time to come.
Michael Roes
© Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung/Qantara.de 2011
The author and filmmaker Michael Roes, born in 1960, has been constantly drawn back to Yemen after spending a one-year research stay in the country, where, in 2000, he filmed "Someone is Sleeping in my Pain." His novel "Rub' al-Khali. Leeres Viertel" ("Rub al-Khali. Empty Part of Town") is also set in Yemen.
Translated from the German by John Bergeron
Qantara.de editor: Lewis Gropp


text:
Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Welcome to "Severe Ulcerative Colitis" a health resource working hard for health conditions education, treatment options and potential cures.
On A Mission of contributing to your knowledge about Severe Ulcerative Colitis...
What is Severe Ulcerative Colitis?
An excellent time to learn more about digestive health conditions and Severe Ulcerative Colitis treatment options is today . . . Ulcerative colitis is a disease that causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the rectum and colon. Ulcers form where inflammation has killed the cells usually in the colon, then bleed and produce pus. Inflammation in the colon also causes the colon to empty frequently, causing diarrhea.
When the inflammation occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon it is called ulcerative proctitis. If the entire colon is affected it is called pan colitis. If only the left side of the colon is affected it is called limited or distal colitis.
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the small intestine and colon. It can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other intestinal disorders and to another type of IBD called Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease differs because it causes inflammation deeper within the intestinal wall and can occur in other parts of the digestive system including the small intestine, mouth, esophagus, and stomach.
Ulcerative colitis can occur in people of any age, but it usually starts between ages 15 to age 30, and less frequently between 50 to 70 years age. It affects men and women equally and appears to run in families, with reports of up to 20 percent of people with ulcerative colitis having a family member or relative with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. A higher incidence of ulcerative colitis is seen in Whites and Jewish people.
What are the Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis?
The most common symptoms of ulcerative colitis are abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Patients also may experience
- anemia
- fatigue
- weight loss
- loss of appetite
- rectal bleeding
- loss of body fluids and nutrients
- skin lesions
- joint pain
- growth failure (specifically in children)
About half of the people diagnosed with ulcerative colitis have mild symptoms. Others suffer the more severe version and have frequent fevers, bloody diarrhea, nausea, and severe abdominal cramps. Severe Ulcerative colitis may also cause problems such as arthritis, inflammation of the eye, liver disease, and osteoporosis. It is not known why these problems occur outside the colon. Scientists think these complications may be the result of inflammation triggered by the immune system. Some of these problems go away when the colitis is treated.
What Causes Ulcerative Colitis?
Many theories exist about what causes ulcerative colitis. People with ulcerative colitis have abnormalities of the immune system, but doctors do not know whether these abnormalities are a cause or a result of the disease. The body's immune system is believed to react abnormally to the bacteria in the digestive tract.
Ulcerative colitis is not caused by emotional distress or sensitivity to certain foods or food products, but these factors may trigger symptoms in some people. The stress of living with ulcerative colitis may also contribute to a worsening of symptoms.
How is Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosed?
Many tests are used to diagnose ulcerative colitis. A physical exam and medical history are usually the first step.
Blood tests may be done to check for anemia, which could indicate bleeding in the colon or rectum, or they may uncover a high white blood cell count, which is a sign of inflammation somewhere in the body.
A stool sample can also reveal white blood cells, whose presence indicates ulcerative colitis or inflammatory disease. In addition, a stool sample allows the doctor to detect bleeding or infection in the colon or rectum caused by bacteria, a virus, or parasites.
A colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy are the most accurate methods for making a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and ruling-out other possible conditions, such as Crohn's disease, diverticular disease, or cancer. For both tests, the doctor inserts an endoscope—a long, flexible, lighted tube connected to a computer and TV monitor—into the anus to see the inside of the colon and rectum. The doctor will be able to see any inflammation, bleeding, or ulcers on the colon wall. During the exam, the doctor may do a biopsy, which involves taking a sample of tissue from the lining of the colon to view with a microscope.
Sometimes x rays such as a barium enema or CT scans are also used to diagnose ulcerative colitis or its complications.
What is the Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis?
Treatment for ulcerative colitis depends on the severity of the disease. Each person experiences ulcerative colitis differently, so treatment is adjusted for each individual.
Drug Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis
The goal of drug therapy is to induce and maintain remission, and to improve the quality of life for people with ulcerative colitis. Several types of drugs are available.
- Amino salicylates, drugs that contain 5-aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA), help control inflammation. Sulfasalazine is a combination of sulfapyridine and 5-ASA. The sulfapyridine component carries the anti-inflammatory 5-ASA to the intestine. However, sulfapyridine may lead to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, and headache. Other 5-ASA agents, such as olsalazine, mesalamine, and balsalazide, have a different carrier, fewer side effects, and may be used by people who cannot take sulfasalazine. 5-ASAs are given orally, through an enema, or in a suppository, depending on the location of the inflammation in the colon. Most people with mild or moderate ulcerative colitis are treated with this group of drugs first. This class of drugs is also used in cases of relapse.
- Corticosteroids such as prednisone, methyl prednisone, and hydrocortisone also reduce inflammation. They may be used by people who have moderate to severe ulcerative colitis or who do not respond to 5-ASA drugs. Corticosteroids, also known as steroids, can be given orally, intravenously, through an enema, or in a suppository, depending on the location of the inflammation. These drugs can cause side effects such as weight gain, acne, facial hair, hypertension, diabetes, mood swings, bone mass loss, and an increased risk of infection. For this reason, they are not recommended for long-term use, although they are considered very effective when prescribed for short-term use.
- Immunomodulators such as azathioprine and 6-mercapto-purine (6-MP) reduce inflammation by affecting the immune system. These drugs are used for patients who have not responded to 5-ASAs or corticosteroids or who are dependent on corticosteroids. Patients taking these drugs are monitored for complications including pancreatitis, hepatitis, a reduced white blood cell count, and an increased risk of infection. Cyclosporine A may be used with 6-MP or azathioprine to treat active, severe ulcerative colitis in people who do not respond to intravenous corticosteroids.
Other drugs may be given to relax the patient or to relieve pain, diarrhea, or infection.
Some people have remissions—periods when the symptoms go away—that last for months or even years. However, most patients' symptoms eventually return.
Hospitalization for Ulcerative Colitis
Occasionally, symptoms are severe enough that a person must be hospitalized. For example, a person may have severe bleeding or severe diarrhea that causes dehydration. In such cases the doctor will try to stop diarrhea and loss of blood, fluids, and mineral salts. The patient may need a special diet, feeding through a vein, medications, or sometimes surgery.
Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis
About 25 to 40 percent of ulcerative colitis patients must eventually have their colons removed because of massive bleeding, severe illness, rupture of the colon, or risk of cancer. Sometimes the doctor will recommend removing the colon if medical treatment fails or if the side effects of corticosteroids or other drugs threaten the patient's health.
Surgery to remove the colon and rectum, known as proctocolectomy, is followed by one of the following:
- Ileostomy, in which the surgeon creates a small opening in the abdomen, called a stoma, and attaches the end of the small intestine, called the ileum, to it. Waste will travel through the small intestine and exit the body through the stoma. The stoma is about the size of a quarter and is usually located in the lower right part of the abdomen near the belt line. A pouch is worn over the opening to collect waste, and the patient empties the pouch as needed.
- Ileoanal anastomosis, or pull-through operation, which allows the patient to have normal bowel movements because it preserves part of the anus. In this operation, the surgeon removes the colon and the inside of the rectum, leaving the outer muscles of the rectum. The surgeon then attaches the ileum to the inside of the rectum and the anus, creating a pouch. Waste is stored in the pouch and passes through the anus in the usual manner. Bowel movements may be more frequent and watery than before the procedure. Inflammation of the pouch (pouchitis) is a possible complication.
People faced with this decision should get as much information as possible by talking to their doctors, to nurses who work with colon surgery patients (enterostomal therapists), and to other colon surgery patients. Patient advocacy organizations can direct people to support groups and other information resources.
Is Colon Cancer a Concern?
About 5 percent of people with ulcerative colitis develop colon cancer. For example, if only the lower colon and rectum are involved, the risk of cancer is no higher than normal. However, if the entire colon is involved, the risk of cancer may be as much as 32 times the normal rate.
Sometimes pre cancerous changes occur in the cells lining the colon. These changes are called "dysplasia." People who have dysplasia are more likely to develop cancer than those who do not. Doctors look for signs of dysplasia when doing a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy and when examining tissue removed during these medical tests.
According to the 2002 updated guidelines for colon cancer screening, people who have had IBD throughout their colon for at least 8 years and those who have had IBD in only the left colon for 12 to 15 years should have a colonoscopy with biopsies every 1 to 2 years to check for dysplasia. Such screening has not been proven to reduce the risk of colon cancer, but it may help identify cancer early. These guidelines were produced by an independent expert panel and endorsed by numerous organizations, including the American Cancer Society, the American College of Gastroenterology, the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, and the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America.
Hope through Research for Ulcerative Colitis
NIDDK, through the Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, conducts and supports research into many kinds of digestive disorders, including ulcerative colitis. Researchers are studying how and why the immune system is activated, how it damages the colon and the healing process. New and more powerful treatment therapies can be developed. There are numerous clinical trials being conducted that are investigating ulcerative colitis.
Health Websites of Interest
Privacy-Policy | All Rights Reserved

subset: commoncrawl


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1 What is Action View?
In Rails, web requests are handled by Action Controller and Action View. Typically, Action Controller is concerned with communicating with the database and performing CRUD actions where necessary. Action View is then responsible for compiling the response.
Action View templates are written using embedded Ruby in tags mingled with HTML. To avoid cluttering the templates with boilerplate code, a number of helper classes provide common behavior for forms, dates, and strings. It's also easy to add new helpers to your application as it evolves.
Some features of Action View are tied to Active Record, but that doesn't mean Action View depends on Active Record. Action View is an independent package that can be used with any sort of Ruby libraries.
2 Using Action View with Rails
For each controller there is an associated directory in the
app/views directory which holds the template files that make up the views associated with that controller. These files are used to display the view that results from each controller action.
Let's take a look at what Rails does by default when creating a new resource using the scaffold generator:
$ rails generate scaffold article [...] invoke scaffold_controller create app/controllers/articles_controller.rb invoke erb create app/views/articles create app/views/articles/index.html.erb create app/views/articles/edit.html.erb create app/views/articles/show.html.erb create app/views/articles/new.html.erb create app/views/articles/_form.html.erb [...]
There is a naming convention for views in Rails. Typically, the views share their name with the associated controller action, as you can see above.
For example, the index controller action of the
articles_controller.rb will use the
index.html.erb view file in the
app/views/articles directory.
The complete HTML returned to the client is composed of a combination of this ERB file, a layout template that wraps it, and all the partials that the view may reference. Within this guide you will find more detailed documentation about each of these three components.
3 Templates, Partials, and Layouts
As mentioned, the final HTML output is a composition of three Rails elements:
Partials and
Below is a brief overview of each of them.
3.1 Templates
Action View templates can be written in several ways. If the template file has a
.erb extension then it uses a mixture of ERB (Embedded Ruby) and HTML. If the template file has a
.builder extension then the
Builder::XmlMarkup library is used.
Rails supports multiple template systems and uses a file extension to distinguish amongst them. For example, an HTML file using the ERB template system will have
.html.erb as a file extension.
Within an ERB template, Ruby code can be included using both
<% %> and
<%= %> tags. The
<% %> tags are used to execute Ruby code that does not return anything, such as conditions, loops, or blocks, and the
<%= %> tags are used when you want output.
Consider the following loop for names:

Names of all the people
 <% @people.each do |person| %> Name: <%= person.name %>
 <% end %>
The loop is set up using regular embedding tags (
<% %>) and the name is inserted using the output embedding tags (
<%= %>). Note that this is not just a usage suggestion: regular output functions such as
puts won't be rendered to the view with ERB templates. So this would be wrong:
<%# WRONG %> Hi, Mr. <% puts "Frodo" %>
To suppress leading and trailing whitespaces, you can use
-%> interchangeably with
<% and
3.1.2 Builder
Builder templates are a more programmatic alternative to ERB. They are especially useful for generating XML content. An XmlMarkup object named
xml is automatically made available to templates with a
.builder extension.
Here are some basic examples:
xml.em("emphasized") xml.em { xml.b("emph & bold") } xml.a("A Link", "href" => "https://rubyonrails.org") xml.target("name" => "compile", "option" => "fast")
which would produce:
emphasized emph & bold A link <target option="fast" name="compile" />
Any method with a block will be treated as an XML markup tag with nested markup in the block. For example, the following:
xml.div { xml.h1(@person.name) xml.p(@person.bio) }
would produce something like:

David Heinemeier Hansson

A product of Danish Design during the Winter of '79...

Below is a full-length RSS example actually used on Basecamp:
xml.rss("version" => "2.0", "xmlns:dc" => "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/") do xml.channel do xml.title(@feed_title) xml.link(@url) xml.description "Basecamp: Recent items" xml.language "en-us" xml.ttl "40" for item in @recent_items xml.item do xml.title(item_title(item)) xml.description(item_description(item)) if item_description(item) xml.pubDate(item_pubDate(item)) xml.guid(@person.firm.account.url + @recent_items.url(item)) xml.link(@person.firm.account.url + @recent_items.url(item)) xml.tag!("dc:creator", item.author_name) if item_has_creator?(item) end end end end
3.1.3 Jbuilder
Jbuilder is a gem that's
maintained by the Rails team and included in the default Rails
It's similar to Builder, but is used to generate JSON, instead of XML.
If you don't have it, you can add the following to your
gem 'jbuilder'
A Jbuilder object named
json is automatically made available to templates with
.jbuilder extension.
Here is a basic example:
json.name("Alex") json.email("email@example.com")
would produce:
{ "name": "Alex", "email": "email@example.com" }
See the Jbuilder documentation for more examples and information.
3.1.4 Template Caching
By default, Rails will compile each template to a method in order to render it. When you alter a template, Rails will check the file's modification time and recompile it in development mode.
3.2 Partials
Partial templates - usually just called "partials" - are another device for breaking the rendering process into more manageable chunks. With partials, you can extract pieces of code from your templates to separate files and also reuse them throughout your templates.
3.2.1 Naming Partials
To render a partial as part of a view, you use the
render method within the view:
<%= render "menu" %>
This will render a file named
_menu.html.erb at that point within the view that is being rendered. Note the leading underscore character: partials are named with a leading underscore to distinguish them from regular views, even though they are referred to without the underscore. This holds true even when you're pulling in a partial from another folder:
<%= render "shared/menu" %>
That code will pull in the partial from
3.2.2 Using Partials to simplify Views
One way to use partials is to treat them as the equivalent of subroutines; a way to move details out of a view so that you can grasp what's going on more easily. For example, you might have a view that looks like this:
<%= render "shared/ad_banner" %>
Products

Here are a few of our fine products:
 <% @products.each do |product| %> <%= render partial: "product", locals: { product: product } %> <% end %> <%= render "shared/footer" %>
Here, the
_ad_banner.html.erb and
_footer.html.erb partials could contain content that is shared among many pages in your application. You don't need to see the details of these sections when you're concentrating on a particular page.
render without
partial and
locals options
In the above example,
render takes 2 options:
partial and
locals. But if
these are the only options you want to pass, you can skip using these options.
For example, instead of:
<%= render partial: "product", locals: { product: @product } %>
You can also do:
<%= render "product", product: @product %>
3.2.4 The
as and
object options
By default
ActionView::Partials::PartialRenderer has its object in a local variable with the same name as the template. So, given:
<%= render partial: "product" %>
_product partial we'll get
@product in the local variable
as if we had written:
<%= render partial: "product", locals: { product: @product } %>
object option can be used to directly specify which object is rendered into the partial; useful when the template's object is elsewhere (e.g. in a different instance variable or in a local variable).
For example, instead of:
<%= render partial: "product", locals: { product: @item } %>
we would do:
<%= render partial: "product", object: @item %>
With the
as option we can specify a different name for the said local variable. For example, if we wanted it to be
item instead of
product we would do:
<%= render partial: "product", object: @item, as: "item" %>
This is equivalent to
<%= render partial: "product", locals: { item: @item } %>
3.2.5 Rendering Collections
It is very common that a template will need to iterate over a collection and render a sub-template for each of the elements. This pattern has been implemented as a single method that accepts an array and renders a partial for each one of the elements in the array.
So this example for rendering all the products:
<% @products.each do |product| %> <%= render partial: "product", locals: { product: product } %> <% end %>
can be rewritten in a single line:
<%= render partial: "product", collection: @products %>
When a partial is called with a collection, the individual instances of the partial have access to the member of the collection being rendered via a variable named after the partial. In this case, the partial is
_product, and within it you can refer to
product to get the collection member that is being rendered.
You can use a shorthand syntax for rendering collections. Assuming
@products is a collection of
Product instances, you can simply write the following to produce the same result:
<%= render @products %>
Rails determines the name of the partial to use by looking at the model name in the collection,
Product in this case. In fact, you can even render a collection made up of instances of different models using this shorthand, and Rails will choose the proper partial for each member of the collection.
3.2.6 Spacer Templates
You can also specify a second partial to be rendered between instances of the main partial by using the
:spacer_template option:
<%= render partial: @products, spacer_template: "product_ruler" %>
Rails will render the
_product_ruler partial (with no data passed to it) between each pair of
_product partials.
3.3 Layouts
Layouts can be used to render a common view template around the results of Rails controller actions. Typically, a Rails application will have a couple of layouts that pages will be rendered within. For example, a site might have one layout for a logged in user and another for the marketing or sales side of the site. The logged in user layout might include top-level navigation that should be present across many controller actions. The sales layout for a SaaS app might include top-level navigation for things like "Pricing" and "Contact Us" pages. You would expect each layout to have a different look and feel. You can read about layouts in more detail in the Layouts and Rendering in Rails guide.
4 Partial Layouts
Partials can have their own layouts applied to them. These layouts are different from those applied to a controller action, but they work in a similar fashion.
Let's say we're displaying an article on a page which should be wrapped in a
div for display purposes. Firstly, we'll create a new
Article.create(body: 'Partial Layouts are cool!')
In the
show template, we'll render the
_article partial wrapped in the
box layout:
<%= render partial: 'article', layout: 'box', locals: { article: @article } %>
box layout simply wraps the
_article partial in a

 <%= yield %>

Note that the partial layout has access to the local
article variable that was passed into the
render call. However, unlike application-wide layouts, partial layouts still have the underscore prefix.
You can also render a block of code within a partial layout instead of calling
yield. For example, if we didn't have the
_article partial, we could do this instead:
<% render(layout: 'box', locals: { article: @article }) do %>

<%= article.body %>

 <% end %>
Supposing we use the same
_box partial from above, this would produce the same output as the previous example.
5 View Paths
When rendering a response, the controller needs to resolve where the different
views are located. By default it only looks inside the
app/views directory.
We can add other locations and give them a certain precedence when resolving
paths using the
prepend_view_path and
append_view_path methods.
5.1 Prepend view path
This can be helpful for example, when we want to put views inside a different directory for subdomains.
We can do this by using:
prepend_view_path "app/views/#{request.subdomain}"
Then Action View will look first in this directory when resolving views.
5.2 Append view path
Similarly, we can append paths:
append_view_path "app/views/direct"
This will add
app/views/direct to the end of the lookup paths.
6 Overview of helpers provided by Action View
WIP: Not all the helpers are listed here. For a full list see the API documentation
The following is only a brief overview summary of the helpers available in Action View. It's recommended that you review the API Documentation, which covers all of the helpers in more detail, but this should serve as a good starting point.
6.1 AssetTagHelper
This module provides methods for generating HTML that links views to assets such as images, JavaScript files, stylesheets, and feeds.
By default, Rails links to these assets on the current host in the public folder, but you can direct Rails to link to assets from a dedicated assets server by setting
config.action_controller.asset_host in the application configuration, typically in
config/environments/production.rb. For example, let's say your asset host is
config.action_controller.asset_host = "assets.example.com" image_tag("rails.png") # =>
6.1.1 auto_discovery_link_tag
Returns a link tag that browsers and feed readers can use to auto-detect an RSS, Atom, or JSON feed.
auto_discovery_link_tag(:rss, "http://www.example.com/feed.rss", { title: "RSS Feed" }) # => <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS Feed" href="http://www.example.com/feed.rss" />
6.1.2 image_path
Computes the path to an image asset in the
app/assets/images directory. Full paths from the document root will be passed through. Used internally by
image_tag to build the image path.
image_path("edit.png") # => /assets/edit.png
Fingerprint will be added to the filename if config.assets.digest is set to true.
image_path("edit.png") # => /assets/edit-2d1a2db63fc738690021fedb5a65b68e.png
6.1.3 image_url
Computes the URL to an image asset in the
app/assets/images directory. This will call
image_path internally and merge with your current host or your asset host.
image_url("edit.png") # => http://www.example.com/assets/edit.png
6.1.4 image_tag
Returns an HTML image tag for the source. The source can be a full path or a file that exists in your
app/assets/images directory.
image_tag("icon.png") # =>
6.1.5 javascript_include_tag
Returns an HTML script tag for each of the sources provided. You can pass in the filename (
.js extension is optional) of JavaScript files that exist in your
app/assets/javascripts directory for inclusion into the current page or you can pass the full path relative to your document root.
javascript_include_tag "common" # =>
6.1.6 javascript_path
Computes the path to a JavaScript asset in the
app/assets/javascripts directory. If the source filename has no extension,
.js will be appended. Full paths from the document root will be passed through. Used internally by
javascript_include_tag to build the script path.
javascript_path "common" # => /assets/common.js
6.1.7 javascript_url
Computes the URL to a JavaScript asset in the
app/assets/javascripts directory. This will call
javascript_path internally and merge with your current host or your asset host.
javascript_url "common" # => http://www.example.com/assets/common.js
6.1.8 stylesheet_link_tag
Returns a stylesheet link tag for the sources specified as arguments. If you don't specify an extension,
.css will be appended automatically.
stylesheet_link_tag "application" # => <link href="/assets/application.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" />
6.1.9 stylesheet_path
Computes the path to a stylesheet asset in the
app/assets/stylesheets directory. If the source filename has no extension,
.css will be appended. Full paths from the document root will be passed through. Used internally by
stylesheet_link_tag to build the stylesheet path.
stylesheet_path "application" # => /assets/application.css
6.1.10 stylesheet_url
Computes the URL to a stylesheet asset in the
app/assets/stylesheets directory. This will call
stylesheet_path internally and merge with your current host or your asset host.
stylesheet_url "application" # => http://www.example.com/assets/application.css
6.2 AtomFeedHelper
6.2.1 atom_feed
This helper makes building an Atom feed easy. Here's a full usage example:
resources :articles
def index @articles = Article.all respond_to do |format| format.html format.atom end end
atom_feed do |feed| feed.title("Articles Index") feed.updated(@articles.first.created_at) @articles.each do |article| feed.entry(article) do |entry| entry.title(article.title) entry.content(article.body, type: 'html') entry.author do |author| author.name(article.author_name) end end end end
6.3 BenchmarkHelper
6.3.1 benchmark
Allows you to measure the execution time of a block in a template and records the result to the log. Wrap this block around expensive operations or possible bottlenecks to get a time reading for the operation.
<% benchmark "Process data files" do %> <%= expensive_files_operation %> <% end %>
This would add something like "Process data files (0.34523)" to the log, which you can then use to compare timings when optimizing your code.
6.4 CacheHelper
6.4.1 cache
A method for caching fragments of a view rather than an entire action or page. This technique is useful for caching pieces like menus, lists of news topics, static HTML fragments, and so on. This method takes a block that contains the content you wish to cache. See
AbstractController::Caching::Fragments for more information.
<% cache do %> <%= render "shared/footer" %> <% end %>
6.5 CaptureHelper
6.5.1 capture
capture method allows you to extract part of a template into a variable. You can then use this variable anywhere in your templates or layout.
<% @greeting = capture do %>
Welcome! The date and time is <%= Time.now %>
 <% end %>
The captured variable can then be used anywhere else.
  <title>Welcome!</title>   <%= @greeting %>
6.5.2 content_for
content_for stores a block of markup in an identifier for later use. You can make subsequent calls to the stored content in other templates or the layout by passing the identifier as an argument to
content_for to include this JavaScript on our special page without fattening up the rest of the site.
  <title>Welcome!</title> <%= yield :special_script %>
Welcome! The date and time is <%= Time.now %>

This is a special page.
 <% content_for :special_script do %>  <% end %>
6.6 DateHelper
6.6.1 date_select
Returns a set of select tags (one for year, month, and day) pre-selected for accessing a specified date-based attribute.
date_select("article", "published_on")
6.6.2 datetime_select
Returns a set of select tags (one for year, month, day, hour, and minute) pre-selected for accessing a specified datetime-based attribute.
datetime_select("article", "published_on")
6.6.3 distance_of_time_in_words
Reports the approximate distance in time between two Time or Date objects or integers as seconds. Set
include_seconds to true if you want more detailed approximations.
distance_of_time_in_words(Time.now, Time.now + 15.seconds) # => less than a minute distance_of_time_in_words(Time.now, Time.now + 15.seconds, include_seconds: true) # => less than 20 seconds
6.6.4 select_date
Returns a set of HTML select-tags (one for year, month, and day) pre-selected with the
date provided.
# Generates a date select that defaults to the date provided (six days after today) select_date(Time.today + 6.days) # Generates a date select that defaults to today (no specified date) select_date()
6.6.5 select_datetime
Returns a set of HTML select-tags (one for year, month, day, hour, and minute) pre-selected with the
datetime provided.
# Generates a datetime select that defaults to the datetime provided (four days after today) select_datetime(Time.now + 4.days) # Generates a datetime select that defaults to today (no specified datetime) select_datetime()
6.6.6 select_day
Returns a select tag with options for each of the days 1 through 31 with the current day selected.
# Generates a select field for days that defaults to the day for the date provided select_day(Time.today + 2.days) # Generates a select field for days that defaults to the number given select_day(5)
6.6.7 select_hour
Returns a select tag with options for each of the hours 0 through 23 with the current hour selected.
# Generates a select field for hours that defaults to the hours for the time provided select_hour(Time.now + 6.hours)
6.6.8 select_minute
Returns a select tag with options for each of the minutes 0 through 59 with the current minute selected.
# Generates a select field for minutes that defaults to the minutes for the time provided. select_minute(Time.now + 10.minutes)
6.6.9 select_month
Returns a select tag with options for each of the months January through December with the current month selected.
# Generates a select field for months that defaults to the current month select_month(Date.today)
6.6.10 select_second
Returns a select tag with options for each of the seconds 0 through 59 with the current second selected.
# Generates a select field for seconds that defaults to the seconds for the time provided select_second(Time.now + 16.seconds)
6.6.11 select_time
Returns a set of HTML select-tags (one for hour and minute).
# Generates a time select that defaults to the time provided select_time(Time.now)
6.6.12 select_year
Returns a select tag with options for each of the five years on each side of the current, which is selected. The five year radius can be changed using the
:start_year and
:end_year keys in the
# Generates a select field for five years on either side of Date.today that defaults to the current year select_year(Date.today) # Generates a select field from 1900 to 2009 that defaults to the current year select_year(Date.today, start_year: 1900, end_year: 2009)
6.6.13 time_ago_in_words
distance_of_time_in_words, but where
to_time is fixed to
time_ago_in_words(3.minutes.from_now) # => 3 minutes
6.6.14 time_select
Returns a set of select tags (one for hour, minute, and optionally second) pre-selected for accessing a specified time-based attribute. The selects are prepared for multi-parameter assignment to an Active Record object.
# Creates a time select tag that, when POSTed, will be stored in the order variable in the submitted attribute time_select("order", "submitted")
6.7 DebugHelper
Returns a
pre tag that has object dumped by YAML. This creates a very readable way to inspect an object.
my_hash = { 'first' => 1, 'second' => 'two', 'third' => [1,2,3] } debug(my_hash)

--- first: 1 second: two third: - 1 - 2 - 3

6.8 FormHelper
Form helpers are designed to make working with models much easier compared to using just standard HTML elements by providing a set of methods for creating forms based on your models. This helper generates the HTML for forms, providing a method for each sort of input (e.g., text, password, select, and so on). When the form is submitted (i.e., when the user hits the submit button or form.submit is called via JavaScript), the form inputs will be bundled into the params object and passed back to the controller.
There are two types of form helpers: those that specifically work with model attributes and those that don't. This helper deals with those that work with model attributes; to see an example of form helpers that don't work with model attributes, check the
ActionView::Helpers::FormTagHelper documentation.
The core method of this helper,
form_for, gives you the ability to create a form for a model instance; for example, let's say that you have a model Person and want to create a new instance of it:
# Note: a @person variable will have been created in the controller (e.g. @person = Person.new) <%= form_for @person, url: { action: "create" } do |f| %> <%= f.text_field :first_name %> <%= f.text_field :last_name %> <%= submit_tag 'Create' %> <% end %>
The HTML generated for this would be:
<form class="new_person" id="new_person" action="/people" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"> <input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" /> <input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="lTuvBzs7ANygT0NFinXj98tfw3Emfm65wwYLbUvoWsK2pngccIQSUorM2C035M9dZswXgWTvKwFS8W5TVblpYw==" /> <input type="text" name="person[first_name]" id="person_first_name" /> <input type="text" name="person[last_name]" id="person_last_name" /> <input type="submit" name="commit" value="Create" data-disable-with="Create" /> </form>
The params object created when this form is submitted would look like:
{"utf8" => "✓", "authenticity_token" => "lTuvBzs7ANygT0NFinXj98tfw3Emfm65wwYLbUvoWsK2pngccIQSUorM2C035M9dZswXgWTvKwFS8W5TVblpYw==", "person" => {"first_name" => "William", "last_name" => "Smith"}, "commit" => "Create", "controller" => "people", "action" => "create"}
The params hash has a nested person value, which can therefore be accessed with
params[:person] in the controller.
6.8.1 check_box
Returns a checkbox tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute.
# Let's say that @article.validated? is 1: check_box("article", "validated") # => <input type="checkbox" id="article_validated" name="article[validated]" value="1" /> # <input name="article[validated]" type="hidden" value="0" />
6.8.2 fields_for
Creates a scope around a specific model object like
form_for, but doesn't create the form tags themselves. This makes
fields_for suitable for specifying additional model objects in the same form:
<%= form_for @person, url: { action: "update" } do |person_form| %> First name: <%= person_form.text_field :first_name %> Last name : <%= person_form.text_field :last_name %> <%= fields_for @person.permission do |permission_fields| %> Admin? : <%= permission_fields.check_box :admin %> <% end %> <% end %>
6.8.3 file_field
Returns a file upload input tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute.
file_field(:user, :avatar) # => <input type="file" id="user_avatar" name="user[avatar]" />
6.8.4 form_for
Creates a form and a scope around a specific model object that is used as a base for questioning about values for the fields.
<%= form_for @article do |f| %> <%= f.label :title, 'Title' %>: <%= f.text_field :title %>
 <%= f.label :body, 'Body' %>: <%= f.text_area :body %>
 <% end %>
6.8.5 hidden_field
Returns a hidden input tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute.
hidden_field(:user, :token) # => <input type="hidden" id="user_token" name="user[token]" value="#{@user.token}" />
6.8.6 label
Returns a label tag tailored for labelling an input field for a specified attribute.
label(:article, :title) # => Title
6.8.7 password_field
Returns an input tag of the "password" type tailored for accessing a specified attribute.
password_field(:login, :pass) # => <input type="text" id="login_pass" name="login[pass]" value="#{@login.pass}" />
6.8.8 radio_button
Returns a radio button tag for accessing a specified attribute.
# Let's say that @article.category returns "rails": radio_button("article", "category", "rails") radio_button("article", "category", "java") # => <input type="radio" id="article_category_rails" name="article[category]" value="rails" checked="checked" /> # <input type="radio" id="article_category_java" name="article[category]" value="java" />
6.8.9 text_area
Returns a textarea opening and closing tag set tailored for accessing a specified attribute.
text_area(:comment, :text, size: "20x30") # => <textarea cols="20" rows="30" id="comment_text" name="comment[text]"> # #{@comment.text} # </textarea>
6.8.10 text_field
Returns an input tag of the "text" type tailored for accessing a specified attribute.
text_field(:article, :title) # => <input type="text" id="article_title" name="article[title]" value="#{@article.title}" />
6.8.11 email_field
Returns an input tag of the "email" type tailored for accessing a specified attribute.
email_field(:user, :email) # => <input type="email" id="user_email" name="user[email]" value="#{@user.email}" />
6.8.12 url_field
Returns an input tag of the "url" type tailored for accessing a specified attribute.
url_field(:user, :url) # => <input type="url" id="user_url" name="user[url]" value="#{@user.url}" />
6.9 FormOptionsHelper
Provides a number of methods for turning different kinds of containers into a set of option tags.
6.9.1 collection_select
select and
option tags for the collection of existing return values of
method for
object's class.
Example object structure for use with this method:
class Article < ApplicationRecord belongs_to :author end class Author < ApplicationRecord has_many :articles def name_with_initial "#{first_name.first}. #{last_name}" end end
Sample usage (selecting the associated Author for an instance of Article,
collection_select(:article, :author_id, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial, { prompt: true })
@article.author_id is 1, this would return:
<select name="article[author_id]"> <option value="">Please select</option> <option value="1" selected="selected">D. Heinemeier Hansson</option> <option value="2">D. Thomas</option> <option value="3">M. Clark</option> </select>
6.9.2 collection_radio_buttons
radio_button tags for the collection of existing return values of
method for
object's class.
Example object structure for use with this method:
class Article < ApplicationRecord belongs_to :author end class Author < ApplicationRecord has_many :articles def name_with_initial "#{first_name.first}. #{last_name}" end end
Sample usage (selecting the associated Author for an instance of Article,
collection_radio_buttons(:article, :author_id, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial)
@article.author_id is 1, this would return:
<input id="article_author_id_1" name="article[author_id]" type="radio" value="1" checked="checked" /> D. Heinemeier Hansson <input id="article_author_id_2" name="article[author_id]" type="radio" value="2" /> D. Thomas <input id="article_author_id_3" name="article[author_id]" type="radio" value="3" /> M. Clark
6.9.3 collection_check_boxes
check_box tags for the collection of existing return values of
method for
object's class.
Example object structure for use with this method:
class Article < ApplicationRecord has_and_belongs_to_many :authors end class Author < ApplicationRecord has_and_belongs_to_many :articles def name_with_initial "#{first_name.first}. #{last_name}" end end
Sample usage (selecting the associated Authors for an instance of Article,
collection_check_boxes(:article, :author_ids, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial)
@article.author_ids is [1], this would return:
<input id="article_author_ids_1" name="article[author_ids][]" type="checkbox" value="1" checked="checked" /> D. Heinemeier Hansson <input id="article_author_ids_2" name="article[author_ids][]" type="checkbox" value="2" /> D. Thomas <input id="article_author_ids_3" name="article[author_ids][]" type="checkbox" value="3" /> M. Clark <input name="article[author_ids][]" type="hidden" value="" />
6.9.4 option_groups_from_collection_for_select
Returns a string of
option tags, like
options_from_collection_for_select, but groups them by
optgroup tags based on the object relationships of the arguments.
Example object structure for use with this method:
class Continent < ApplicationRecord has_many :countries # attribs: id, name end class Country < ApplicationRecord belongs_to :continent # attribs: id, name, continent_id end
Sample usage:
option_groups_from_collection_for_select(@continents, :countries, :name, :id, :name, 3)
Possible output:
<optgroup label="Africa"> <option value="1">Egypt</option> <option value="4">Rwanda</option> ... </optgroup> <optgroup label="Asia"> <option value="3" selected="selected">China</option> <option value="12">India</option> <option value="5">Japan</option> ... </optgroup>
Only the
optgroup and
option tags are returned, so you still have to wrap the output in an appropriate
select tag.
6.9.5 options_for_select
Accepts a container (hash, array, enumerable, your type) and returns a string of option tags.
options_for_select([ "VISA", "MasterCard" ]) # => <option>VISA</option> <option>MasterCard</option>
Only the
option tags are returned, you have to wrap this call in a regular HTML
select tag.
6.9.6 options_from_collection_for_select
Returns a string of option tags that have been compiled by iterating over the
collection and assigning the result of a call to the
value_method as the option value and the
text_method as the option text.
# options_from_collection_for_select(collection, value_method, text_method, selected = nil)
For example, imagine a loop iterating over each person in
@project.people to generate an input tag:
options_from_collection_for_select(@project.people, "id", "name") # => <option value="#{person.id}">#{person.name}</option>
Only the
option tags are returned, you have to wrap this call in a regular HTML
select tag.
6.9.7 select
Create a select tag and a series of contained option tags for the provided object and method.
select("article", "person_id", Person.all.collect { |p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, { include_blank: true })
@article.person_id is 1, this would become:
<select name="article[person_id]"> <option value=""></option> <option value="1" selected="selected">David</option> <option value="2">Eileen</option> <option value="3">Rafael</option> </select>
6.9.8 time_zone_options_for_select
Returns a string of option tags for pretty much any time zone in the world.
6.9.9 time_zone_select
Returns select and option tags for the given object and method, using
time_zone_options_for_select to generate the list of option tags.
time_zone_select("user", "time_zone")
6.9.10 date_field
Returns an input tag of the "date" type tailored for accessing a specified attribute.
date_field("user", "dob")
6.10 FormTagHelper
Provides a number of methods for creating form tags that don't rely on an Active Record object assigned to the template like FormHelper does. Instead, you provide the names and values manually.
6.10.1 check_box_tag
Creates a check box form input tag.
check_box_tag 'accept' # => <input id="accept" name="accept" type="checkbox" value="1" />
6.10.2 field_set_tag
Creates a field set for grouping HTML form elements.
<%= field_set_tag do %>
<%= text_field_tag 'name' %>
 <% end %> # => <fieldset>
<input id="name" name="name" type="text" />
</fieldset>
6.10.3 file_field_tag
Creates a file upload field.
<%= form_tag({ action: "post" }, multipart: true) do %> File to Upload <%= file_field_tag "file" %> <%= submit_tag %> <% end %>
Example output:
file_field_tag 'attachment' # => <input id="attachment" name="attachment" type="file" />
6.10.4 form_tag
Starts a form tag that points the action to a URL configured with
url_for_options just like
<%= form_tag '/articles' do %>
<%= submit_tag 'Save' %>
 <% end %> # => <form action="/articles" method="post">
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Save" />
</form>
6.10.5 hidden_field_tag
Creates a hidden form input field used to transmit data that would be lost due to HTTP's statelessness or data that should be hidden from the user.
hidden_field_tag 'token', 'VUBJKB23UIVI1UU1VOBVI@' # => <input id="token" name="token" type="hidden" value="VUBJKB23UIVI1UU1VOBVI@" />
6.10.6 image_submit_tag
Displays an image which when clicked will submit the form.
image_submit_tag("login.png") # => <input src="/images/login.png" type="image" />
6.10.7 label_tag
Creates a label field.
label_tag 'name' # => Name
6.10.8 password_field_tag
Creates a password field, a masked text field that will hide the users input behind a mask character.
password_field_tag 'pass' # => <input id="pass" name="pass" type="password" />
6.10.9 radio_button_tag
Creates a radio button; use groups of radio buttons named the same to allow users to select from a group of options.
radio_button_tag 'favorite_color', 'maroon' # => <input id="favorite_color_maroon" name="favorite_color" type="radio" value="maroon" />
6.10.10 select_tag
Creates a dropdown selection box.
select_tag "people", "<option>David</option>" # => <select id="people" name="people"><option>David</option></select>
6.10.11 submit_tag
Creates a submit button with the text provided as the caption.
submit_tag "Publish this article" # => <input name="commit" type="submit" value="Publish this article" />
6.10.12 text_area_tag
Creates a text input area; use a textarea for longer text inputs such as blog posts or descriptions.
text_area_tag 'article' # => <textarea id="article" name="article"></textarea>
6.10.13 text_field_tag
Creates a standard text field; use these text fields to input smaller chunks of text like a username or a search query.
text_field_tag 'name' # => <input id="name" name="name" type="text" />
6.10.14 email_field_tag
Creates a standard input field of email type.
email_field_tag 'email' # => <input id="email" name="email" type="email" />
6.10.15 url_field_tag
Creates a standard input field of url type.
url_field_tag 'url' # => <input id="url" name="url" type="url" />
6.10.16 date_field_tag
Creates a standard input field of date type.
date_field_tag "dob" # => <input id="dob" name="dob" type="date" />
6.11 JavaScriptHelper
Provides functionality for working with JavaScript in your views.
6.11.1 escape_javascript
Escape carrier returns and single and double quotes for JavaScript segments.
6.11.2 javascript_tag
Returns a JavaScript tag wrapping the provided code.
javascript_tag "alert('All is good')"

6.12 NumberHelper
Provides methods for converting numbers into formatted strings. Methods are provided for phone numbers, currency, percentage, precision, positional notation, and file size.
6.12.1 number_to_currency
Formats a number into a currency string (e.g., $13.65).
number_to_currency(1234567890.50) # => $1,234,567,890.50
6.12.2 number_to_human_size
Formats the bytes in size into a more understandable representation; useful for reporting file sizes to users.
number_to_human_size(1234) # => 1.2 KB number_to_human_size(1234567) # => 1.2 MB
6.12.3 number_to_percentage
Formats a number as a percentage string.
number_to_percentage(100, precision: 0) # => 100%
6.12.4 number_to_phone
Formats a number into a phone number (US by default).
number_to_phone(1235551234) # => 123-555-1234
6.12.5 number_with_delimiter
Formats a number with grouped thousands using a delimiter.
number_with_delimiter(12345678) # => 12,345,678
6.12.6 number_with_precision
Formats a number with the specified level of
precision, which defaults to 3.
number_with_precision(111.2345) # => 111.235 number_with_precision(111.2345, precision: 2) # => 111.23
6.13 SanitizeHelper
The SanitizeHelper module provides a set of methods for scrubbing text of undesired HTML elements.
6.13.1 sanitize
This sanitize helper will HTML encode all tags and strip all attributes that aren't specifically allowed.
sanitize @article.body
If either the
:attributes or
:tags options are passed, only the mentioned attributes and tags are allowed and nothing else.
sanitize @article.body, tags: %w(table tr td), attributes: %w(id class style)
To change defaults for multiple uses, for example adding table tags to the default:
class Application < Rails::Application config.action_view.sanitized_allowed_tags = 'table', 'tr', 'td' end
6.13.2 sanitize_css(style)
Sanitizes a block of CSS code.
6.13.3 strip_links(html)
Strips all link tags from text leaving just the link text.
strip_links('Ruby on Rails') # => Ruby on Rails
strip_links('emails to email@example.com.') # => emails to firstname.lastname@example.com.
strip_links('Blog: Visit.') # => Blog: Visit.
6.13.4 strip_tags(html)
Strips all HTML tags from the html, including comments. This functionality is powered by the rails-html-sanitizer gem.
strip_tags("Strip these tags!") # => Strip these tags!
strip_tags("Bold no more! See more") # => Bold no more! See more
NB: The output may still contain unescaped '<', '>', '&' characters and confuse browsers.
6.14 CsrfHelper
Returns meta tags "csrf-param" and "csrf-token" with the name of the cross-site request forgery protection parameter and token, respectively.
<%= csrf_meta_tags %>
Regular forms generate hidden fields so they do not use these tags. More details can be found in the Rails Security Guide.
7 Localized Views
Action View has the ability to render different templates depending on the current locale.
For example, suppose you have an
ArticlesController with a show action. By default, calling this action will render
app/views/articles/show.html.erb. But if you set
I18n.locale = :de, then
app/views/articles/show.de.html.erb will be rendered instead. If the localized template isn't present, the undecorated version will be used. This means you're not required to provide localized views for all cases, but they will be preferred and used if available.
You can use the same technique to localize the rescue files in your public directory. For example, setting
I18n.locale = :de and creating
public/500.de.html and
public/404.de.html would allow you to have localized rescue pages.
Since Rails doesn't restrict the symbols that you use to set I18n.locale, you can leverage this system to display different content depending on anything you like. For example, suppose you have some "expert" users that should see different pages from "normal" users. You could add the following to
before_action :set_expert_locale def set_expert_locale I18n.locale = :expert if current_user.expert? end
Then you could create special views like
app/views/articles/show.expert.html.erb that would only be displayed to expert users.
You can read more about the Rails Internationalization (I18n) API here.
You're encouraged to help improve the quality of this guide.
Please contribute if you see any typos or factual errors. To get started, you can read our documentation contributions section.
You may also find incomplete content or stuff that is not up to date. Please do add any missing documentation for main. Make sure to check Edge Guides first to verify if the issues are already fixed or not on the main branch. Check the Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines for style and conventions.
If for whatever reason you spot something to fix but cannot patch it yourself, please open an issue.
And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails documentation is very welcome on the rubyonrails-docs mailing list.


text: Finally, someone registered a company that is an SQL injection attack. We saw the license plates on cars doctored to execute SQL injection attacks but this is the first time, I think, that an attempt to crash all business SQL databases in a country is made. The company name is: ; DROP TABLE "COMPANIES";– LTD ...Read More


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If I had my way, stuffing would be the centerpiece of Thanksgiving. An expertly roasted bird has its merits, as do silky potatoes dotted with butter and doused in gravy, but for as long as I can recall, my heart and stomach have belonged to stuffing. I grew up on the Stove Top variety that my aunt brilliantly doctored-up with onions, celery, and chicken gizzards. I later moved on to a gourmet version made with cornbread and dried fruit that my brother outsourced from his neighborhood Dean & Deluca. From low end to high end to everything in between, I've yet to encounter a stuffing that didn't appeal to me.
While my soy sauce-brined turkey was roasting in the oven at 325 degrees, I got started on making the stuffing, which fortuitously called for similar temps. Preparing a turkey and stuffing all in one day was admittedly a lot of work for a first-timer, but it would've been a travesty eating a thirteen pound bird without some proper dressing on the side.
I chose a classic sausage, herbs, and French bread recipe from this month's Cooking Light magazine. Its straightforward flavor profile and manageable ingredients list spoke to me, and I couldn't have been happier with the results. The bread had an awesome custard-like consistency, while the trio of herbs perfumed each bite. The stuffing-specific sausage that I picked up from Trader Joe's was too crumbly and mild for my taste, but it didn't detract from the overall success of the dish. Next time, I'll be sure to use my favorite spicy Italian sausage instead.
My mom's already called dibs on stuffing for this year's Thanksgiving feast, but hopefully next year I can share this gem with the fam. And for good 'ol times' sake, I'll even add in some chicken gizzards.
- 10 cups (1/2-inch) cubed French bread (about 1 pound)
- 3 tablespoons unsalted butter
- 2 cups finely chopped onion
- 1 cup finely chopped celery
- 15 ounces hot turkey Italian sausage, casings removed
- 3 tablespoons chopped fresh thyme
- 3 tablespoons chopped fresh sage
- 3 tablespoons chopped flat-leaf parsley
- 1/2 teaspoon black pepper
- 3 cups fat-free, lower-sodium chicken broth
- 1 large egg, lightly beaten
- Cooking spray
Preheat oven to 350°. Arrange bread in single layers on 2 jelly-roll pans. Bake at 350° for 20 minutes or until golden, rotating pans after 10 minutes. Turn oven off; leave pans in oven for 30 minutes or until bread is crisp.
Melt butter in a large skillet over medium heat. Add onion and celery; cook 11 minutes or until tender, stirring occasionally. Transfer vegetables to a large bowl. Add sausage to pan. Increase heat; sauté 8 minutes or until browned, stirring to crumble.
Remove sausage from pan using a slotted spoon; add sausage to vegetable mixture. Stir in bread, herbs, and pepper; toss.
Combine broth, 1 cup water, and egg, stirring well. Drizzle broth mixture over bread mixture; toss. Spoon mixture into a 13 x 9-inch glass or ceramic baking dish coated with cooking spray; cover with foil. Bake at 350° for 25 minutes. Uncover and cook 20 minutes or until browned.
Serves 8 to 10 as a side dish.
Recipe adapted from Cooking Light, November 2010 [For Printable Recipe Click Here]


text:
It's supposed to snow tonight.
Monday, December 24, 2012
Christmas On The Beach
4 comments:
- AnonymousDecember 24, 2012 1:59 PM
NB and B -ReplyDelete
I love your blog and look forward every day to your newsletter.
I've become better educated about fragrance [which I never even used to consider], as well as fashion and beauty, by reading your work.
Now, for an admission, I think I'm still rather fond of minimalist fragrances [hey - I'm growing]. My all-time favorite is Untitled (Maison Martin Margiela, 2010). You can't imagine how upset I was that it was featured in the museum exhibition. Now *everyone* will wear it!
My questions are as follows: Did you ever review it? -- I'd like to know more about it ... the notes, etc. Who was the nose behind it? What are other similar fragrances? And how on earth can I get the longevity to improve?
Many thanks in advance. Happy Holidays to both of you, as well as the rest of the TNB community.
Mary, I haven't reviewed it yet, but the sample is in the "review soon" drawer and I'll get to it in the coming weeks. The nose is Daniela Andrier and the notes are boxwood, galbanum, bitter orange, jasmine, cedar, musk, and incense.Delete
Happy Holidays to you and yours.
Well Gaia, I am on the beach in Pensacola, Florida. It's a balmy 72 degrees. It's also raining buckets and more is expected tommorrow as well as possible tornadoes and hail. I think I would love to have your snow....we always think the grass is greener huh?ReplyDelete
I do so love your blog.
Happy Holidays to you and yours.
I've seen some wet snow here in Brooklyn, could be interesting for once to spend Christmas on a nice warm beach far away! lol Happy & Healthy Holidays to you! :)ReplyDelete
I love comments and appreciate the time you take to connect with me, but please do not insert links to your blog or store. Those will be deleted. The comment feature is not intended to provide an advertising venue for your blog or your commercial site.


text:
We're here to create rewarding opportunities and amazing spaces where people can achieve their ambitions. In doing so, we are building a better tomorrow for our clients, our people and our communities.
We're a world leader in real estate services, powered by an entrepreneurial spirit. We want the most ambitious clients to work with us, and the most ambitious people to work for us. It's as simple as that.
We buy, build, occupy and invest in a variety of assets including industrial, commercial, retail, residential and hotel real estate. From tech startups to global firms, our clients span industries including banking, energy, healthcare, law, life sciences, manufacturing and technology.
At JLL we embrace the human side of business, which makes us better at delivering the business side of business.
Achieving ambitions is about unlocking the potential within every individual, every client, and every company.
Achieving ambitions is at the center of everything we do.
Find out how we are committed to helping our clients achieve their ambitions around the world. Explore our annual report and latest corporate information. In addition, visit our Investor relations site.
Explore our annual report for all publicly available facts and figures.
4.6B square feet managed in property and facilities management
37,500 leasing transactions, totaling 1.07B square feet leased
97,957 hours spent volunteering in local communities
$5,325,935 in charitable contributions
239,749 metrics tons of CO2 conserved
It's our people who make the difference. JLL's leaders help our clients achieve their ambitions.
Our core values shape our culture and define who we are. They underscore our commitment to our clients, to our communities and to each other, and provide direction for everything we do. We strongly believe in teamwork, ethics and excellence.
We believe in teamwork – we share in order to succeed.
The JLL Network consists of about 85,000 individuals, and we work together as one team. It's as one team that we achieve our common goals and share our mutual successes. We unite across locations and functions to build world-class teams offering first-class service.
We believe in ethics in all client business – we act honestly and responsibly.
Our clients rely on us to act in their best interests. It's a responsibility we take seriously, which is why we're committed to clear principles, a strong sense of decency, and the highest global standards.
We believe in excellence – we strive to be exceptional.
We want to grow and do better for our clients and ourselves. That's why we're committed to excellence, and to always seeking new and innovative ways to make ambitions happen.
We want to make JLL a world-leading, sustainable professional services firm by creating spaces, buildings and cities where people can thrive.
We will achieve this vision globally through our sustainability leadership ambition called Building a Better Tomorrow.
Of all our accomplishments, we take pride in the excellence of our work, the opportunities for personal growth we provide to our people, and the contributions we make to our communities. We are delighted and honored to be recognized by respected organizations for our success.
real estate meets
JLL Spark is dedicated to transforming the real estate industry through technology-based innovation. JLL Spark provides the nimbleness of a startup backed by JLL's expertise and resources. Led by experienced Silicon Valley entrepreneurs with successful track records building and investing in tech companies, JLL Spark's strategic proptech investments offer JLL the ability to provide innovative products to real estate owners and operators.
LaSalle Investment Management is one of the world's largest and most diverse real estate investment management firms, and an independent subsidiary of Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated. Their team focuses on delivering competitive investment performance through economic and property market cycles for their clients. With expertise in everything from real estate securities and commingled funds to global indirect investments.


text:
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text:
Pat Robertson
Founder of the Christian Broadcast Network (CBN)
M. G. "Pat" Robertson has achieved national and international recognition as a religious broadcaster, philanthropist, educator, religious leader, businessman and author. He is the founder and chairman of The Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) Inc. and founder of International Family Entertainment Inc., Regent University, Operation Blessing International Relief and Development Corporation, American Center for Law and Justice, The Flying Hospital, Inc., and several other organizations and broadcast entities.
Founded in 1960, CBN was the first Christian television network established in the United States. Today, CBN is one of the world's largest television ministries and produces programming seen in 200 nations and heard in 70 languages including Russian, Arabic, Spanish, French, and Chinese. CBN's flagship program, The 700 Club, which Robertson hosts, can be seen in 97 percent of television markets across the United States and is one of the longest running religious television shows that reaches an average of one million American viewers daily.
Operation Blessing International Relief and Development Corporation, founded by Robertson in 1978, is a non-profit relief and development organization with a mission statement "to demonstrate God's love by alleviating human need and suffering in the United States and around the world." OBI has touched the lives of more than 193.1 million people in 96 countries and all 50 U.S. states, distributing more than $1.2 billion in goods. To help break the cycle of suffering, OBI implements programs that focus on the primary goals of providing hunger relief, medical aid, disaster relief and community development that will make a significant, long-term impact on those in need.
Robertson was the founder and co-chairman of International Family Entertainment Inc. (IFE). Formed in 1990, IFE produced and distributed family entertainment and information programming worldwide. IFE's principal business was The Family Channel, a satellite delivered cable-television network with 63 million U.S. subscribers. IFE, a publicly held company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, was sold in 1997 to Fox Kids Worldwide, Inc. for $1.9 billion. Disney acquired the Fox Family Channel in 2001 and named it ABC Family.
Located in Virginia Beach, Va., Regent University was founded in 1977 by Robertson, who serves as its president and chancellor. Regent is a fully accredited graduate university that offers degrees in business, communication & the arts, divinity, education, government, law, organizational leadership and psychology & counseling. In addition, Regent Undergrad offers bachelor degrees in animation, cinema-television, communication, english, global business, government, interdisciplinary studies, journalism, organizational leadership & management, psychology, religious studies and theatre. Regent University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award the bachelor's, master's and doctor's degrees, and has enrollment of more than 5,000 students. In addition to the main campus in Virginia Beach, Regent offers programs online via their Worldwide Campus.
Robertson is founder and president of the American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ), a public interest law firm and education group that defends the First Amendment rights of people of faith. The law firm focuses on pro-family, pro-liberty and pro-life cases nationwide.


text:
For the opening scene of Flight to have maximum impact, it's probably best to go in knowing nothing about its protagonist's profession, which is unfortunately revealed in the film poster, if not the title itself. Waking in an anonymous hotel room, Denzel Washington stares at the naked woman he bedded the night before, while his ex-wife calls him to argue about money. Bleary-eyed and surrounded by the remnants of a party only hours dead, he swigs the dregs from a beer bottle, stumbles around the room, does a line of coke to get straight. And then he eventually strides confidently into the hallway in his airline pilot's uniform, to the tune of Joe Cocker's "Feelin' Alright." Directing his first live-action film since 2000's Cast Away, Robert Zemeckis paces it brilliantly, slowly ramping up the energy from hungover lethargy to coke-fueled confidence, while creating undercurrents of dread as Washington hits his stride. He looks the part of the perfect pilot, and he may feel all right, but beneath the surface, something has clearly gone wrong.
Whatever his problems—and by the film's end, they've been depicted in exhaustive detail—his confidence isn't misplaced. There's only one flight in Flight, what should be a routine morning transit from Orlando to Atlanta. It's destined to be more harrowing than usual, however. As a new co-pilot (Brian Geraghty) looks on in concern after their plane takes off in the rain, Washington punches through a narrow corridor of clouds while traveling at a speed just on the right side of what's considered safe. It's how he flies and how he lives: pushing the limit but never going over, thanks to his perfect control. Then, as the plane nears its destination, events beyond Washington's control take over.
What follows is a sequence of physically upsetting intensity as Washington takes the plane to the far reaches of what's physically possible in an attempt to save it. It's an unforgettable sequence that ultimately functions as a prelude for the rest of the story. Back on the ground, battered but essentially unharmed, Washington is forced to look his demons in the eye, even if those demons had nothing to do with bringing down the plane. While a sympathetic union rep (Bruce Greenwood) and a less-than-sympathetic lawyer (Don Cheadle) walk him through the legal aftermath of the accident, Washington develops a friendship with a fellow patient (Kelly Reilly) met during his hospital stay.
A woman whose heroin addiction has muted her innate vivaciousness, Reilly embraces her second chance as her relationship with Washington deepens. Washington, on the other hand, isn't sure whether to treat his survival as a second chance, or just another in a string of lucky breaks. In his struggle to figure out what to do next, Flight often finds a dramatic urgency that matches its film-opening disaster. Washington surrenders to the bottle, then returns to it with the frustrating believability of a man following the logic of addiction.
Until a rote, brief coda, Flight largely lets the behavior speak for itself. John Gatins' script offers only secondhand glimpses of Washington's life before the crash, but they're suggestive: a family history connected to the Tuskegee Airmen, a shattered marriage and an alienated son whom he loves but can't talk to, a military past spoken of admiringly, and a history of drinking spoken of in hushed terms. In one of his best performances, Washington builds the character through his actions, and sometimes just his expressions: a confident gaze here, a melting of that confidence elsewhere, and an ever-persistent hunger resting just below the surface. He plays the sort of morally conflicted protagonist sadly seen more often on cable dramas than in mainstream films.
He's got good people around him, too, particularly Reilly—previously most visible as Watson's wife in the Sherlock Holmes films, but sure to be working more after this movie—and John Goodman, who plays Washington's longtime buddy and supplier. Goodman's introduction to the sound of "Sympathy For The Devil" suggests Zemeckis hasn't lost his taste for on-the-nose music cues since Forrest Gump, but it does drive home that there's nothing less at stake in the film than the fate of its protagonist's soul. The film takes that matter seriously, staying close to Washington as he tries, and often fails, to do what he knows to be right after a lifetime of doing wrong. The film makes it clear that every choice matters. On Earth as in the air, one wrong move, and everything can slip away.
For thoughts on, and a place to discuss, plot details not talked about in this review, visit Flight's Spoiler Space.


text:
Library: Fines can't be paid with Chuck E. Cheese tokens
DANVERS, Mass. (AP) - A Massachusetts library is reminding residents that Chuck E. Cheese tokens are not an acceptable form of payment for overdue book fines.
Peabody Institute Library in Danvers, Massachusetts, posted on Facebook this week the library has had a surge of people attempting to pay fines and printing fees with tokens from Chuck E. Cheese and Bonkers- a Peabody amusement center -this summer.
The library says the tokens are not legal tender and cannot be accepted.
Bookkeeper Sue Kontos tell The Salem News she had counted three Chuck E. Cheese tokens one day before realizing they weren't real money.
Chuck E. Cheese is a restaurant and entertainment center for kids featuring arcade and video games. The company has been phasing out the use of coins.


text:
DAZEMARD (Dassemat, Dazmard, Dazmat) DE LUSIGNAN, PAUL-LOUIS, captain in the colonial regular troops, commandant; b. at Champlain (Que.) 19 Nov. 1691, only child of Paul-Louis Dazemard de Lusignan and Jeanne Babie; d. 2 Sept. 1764 at Quebec.
Paul-Louis Dazemard de Lusignan's career followed a familiar pattern: cadet in 1705; ensign, 1712; second lieutenant, 1721; lieutenant, 1734; captain, 1744. In 1734 Lusignan was assistant adjutant at Fort Niagara (near Youngstown, N.Y.). The following year he was appointed commandant of Fort Saint-Joseph (probably Niles, Mich.), a post he held until 1743. According to his service record, compiled in 1766 at the request of his widow who was seeking a pension, he may have been instrumental in 1736 in negotiating and securing a definitive peace with the Sauks and Foxes, thereby ending an expensive war. From 1743 to 1747, Lusignan was commandant at Baie-des-Puants (Green Bay, Wis.). His most important command was Fort Saint-Frédéric (Crown Point, N.Y), which he held from 1749 (officially from 1751) until 1758. During the war years 1755–60 Lusignan served variously at Saint-Frédéric, Carillon (Ticonderoga, N. Y.), Île aux Noix, Saint-Jean, and finally Chambly in 1760, but he apparently did not take part in any major engagements, rather acting as a garrison commander who sent supplies and reinforcements to the fighting troops.
His career of 53 years as an officer was long, but others matched it. Lusignan was, however, more than normally competent, judging by the comments of the authorities. In 1732 Intendant Hocquart* spoke well of him: a "prudent man, who likes his duty and who is able to bring honour to the service." The following year Hocquart defended him against a charge of private trading, pointing out that it was permissible "for gentlemen in this country" according to the edict of 1685. It is probable, then, that Lusignan, like other post commandants, eked out his meagre pay as a private trader with the Indians, while keeping a watchful eye on the activities of other traders, legal and illegal, passing by his post. In 1744, for example, he was commended by Governor Charles de Beauharnois for dealing with "disorders" in the trade at the Baie des Puants (Green Bay, Lake Michigan).
In 1749 Lusignan requested appointment as permanent commander at Saint-Frédéric, at that time the most advanced French outpost on Lake Champlain. The appointment was strongly recommended by both Governor La Jonquière [Taffanel] and Intendant François Bigot*, the latter pointing out that Lusignan could form an agricultural community around the post thereby lessening the burden of supplying it. The normal function of Saint-Frédéric, which the French government considered of great importance, was to prevent or at least restrain the illegal passage of goods between New France and Albany. The appointment, then, was one of considerable responsibility and the choice of Lusignan open to at least two interpretations. The most charitable is that Lusignan was an experienced officer of proven probity, given the post as a sinecure in his declining years. The other, borne out by the warmth of Bigot's recommendation, is that Lusignan may have been an agent of the grande société and connived at smuggling, but this interpretation must remain only a suspicion.
In July 1749 Lusignan welcomed to Fort Saint-Frédéric Pehr Kalm*, a prominent Swedish naturalist, en route to Montreal and Quebec from Albany. Kalm found his host to be a man "about fifty years old, well acquainted with polite literature and [who] had made several journeys into this country, by which he had acquired an exact knowledge of several things relative to it." Other comments confirm that the eminent savant found the Canadian-born and Canadian-educated officer a person of some refinement.
Lusignan was made a knight of the order of Saint-Louis in 1752 as a reward for long and faithful service. Severe illness apparently prevented his departure for France with the troops in 1760. He convalesced in Canada until 1764 and, when on the point of embarkation, died 2 September of a sudden illness. His widow returned to France. Lusignan had married at Montreal, on 8 Jan. 1722, Madeleine-Marguerite, daughter of François-Marie Bouat*. Ten children were born of the marriage; the eldest, Louis-Antoine*, had a distinguished military career.
AN, Col., D2C, 222/4, f.136; 59, f.21; Marine, C7, 190. Pehr Kalm, The America of 1750; Peter Kalm's travels in North America: the English version of 1770, ed. A. B. Benson (2v., New York, 1966), II, 4. Fauteux, Les chevaliers de Saint-Louis, 152. Le Jeune, Dictionnaire. Tanguay, Dictionnaire. P.-G. Roy, "La famille Dazemard de Lusignan," BRH, XXXVII (1931), 579–85; "Les commandants du fort Saint-Frédéric," BRH, LI (1945), 330.
© 1974–2023 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Cite This Article
J. R. Turnbull, "DAZEMARD DE LUSIGNAN, PAUL-LOUIS," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 3, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 23, 2023, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/dazemard_de_lusignan_paul_louis_3E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
|Author of Article:
|J. R. Turnbull
|Title of Article:
|Publication Name:
|Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 3
|University of Toronto/Université Laval
|Year of publication:
|Year of revision:
|Access Date:
|September 23, 2023


text:
You are trying to get the hill side. Then the sky isn't all that important, yet takes up a lot of the frame. Same for the large green foreground.The trees in the foreground get lost in the hills, diminishing both their value and the hills'.
Advice - It seems to have a blue tint to it, at least on my uncalibrated monitor. If you feel it does too, and you have an editing program like Photoshop or Elements, then play around with the Levels or Curves on the blue channel.


text:
New product
Installation method by clicking below on 'More info'
Last item in stock !
Availability date:
Please follow these steps to properly place your sticker
Step 1 Press down on all your lettering (transfer paper side) with a scraper provided for this purpose.
Step 2 Start by gently removing the transfer paper (the thickest). Your lettering must stick to the transfer paper, which will allow an easy installation. If not, you probably did not press hard enough in the previous step.
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Step 4 Place the sticker and its transfer paper on the wet surface, and position it as you wish on the surface.
Step 5 Once in place, apply pressure with the squeegee to the entire sticker to remove the soapy water.
Step 6 Wait until the assembly is dry, then carefully remove the transfer paper.
Step 7 Your sticker is stuck on your support, the installation is now finished!
|4 cm
|12 cm


text:
My Cart: 0 item(s)
Flex-Gear® | 43028
Flex-Gear® | 43028
Size: 28
Housing: 300 SS
Min Dia (in): 1-5/16"
Max Dia (in): 2-1/4"
Min Dia (mm): 33
Max Dia (mm): 57
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|50 lbf-in (5.6 Nm) for most applications / Minimum destructive torque is 85 lbf-in (9.6 Nm)


text:
My talk last week at Web 2.0 Expo in New York was entitled "Web Meets World." I covered this theme from two directions:
- The idea that in the future, Web 2.0 "collective intelligence" applications will be driven by sensors rather than people typing on keyboards. What's more, this idea is also key to "enterprise 2.0." Dell's integrated supply chain, which takes real time demand feedback from purchasers, and sends that information all the way back to suppliers in a kind of autonomic process, is more Web 2.0, in many ways, than their heralded Dell Ideastorm initiative. The opportunity for big companies is to turn their IT departments from a back office operation into the brains of their enterprise, enabling autonomic response to constant stimuli from their users. Understanding what WalMart has in common with Google is more important than understanding how to apply Facebook to customer interaction.
- The idea that the big problems facing us as a world renders the outsized focus of developers on lightweight consumer applications a bit silly. "Stop throwing sheep and focus on stuff that matters" was how CNet described this part of the talk, and that's probably a fair summary. In retrospect, though, I realize I need to make the connection between the two parts of the talk clearer: there's a huge contribution that Web 2.0 techniques can make specifically to the world's biggest problems. <a href=http://www.instedd.orgInstedd's approach to early detection of infectious diseases, Ushahidi's approach to crowdsourcing crisis information, Witness's harnessing of consumer video to report on human rights abuses, and AMEE's APIs for exchanging carbon data between applications, are all part of the "instrumenting the world" trend that I was talking about in part one of the talk. And in classic "watching the alpha geeks" fashion, they are a key part of the early warning signs that have led me to conclude that this is the next big trend. As I delivered the talk in New York, I think I failed to make the connection as explicit as I should have.
Here's the video of the talk. Let me know what you think.
One more question: at the end of the talk, I urged everyone to register to vote, and to take the election seriously. In the course of making that request, I let my personal politics show (I am a strong Obama supporter.) Most people in the audience seemed enthusiastic, but some have complained about politics intruding at a tech conference. What do you think? (I think that the current election is going to have a huge effect on our future, and is very much grist for Radar. But I'd love to hear arguments, pro and con.)