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TAIT, JAMES SINCLAIR, physician, politician, office holder, and author; b. 4 March 1849 in Wallace, N.S., son of James Tait and Catherine Sinclair; m. 19 Dec. 1882 Sarah Elizabeth Calkin in St John's, and they had three sons and two daughters, one of whom died in infancy; d. there 5 July 1928.
After attending schools in Wallace and Amherst, N.S., J. Sinclair Tait went to Mount Allison Wesleyan College in Sackville, N.B., from which he graduated in 1877 with a bachelor of science and English literature. Actively involved in student affairs, he had served as business editor of the Argosy magazine in 1875 and president of the Eurhetorian Society in 1876–77. This society provided opportunities for public speaking, debating, and literary pursuits, which would serve Tait well in his future endeavours. After graduation – Tait would later obtain a ma from Mount Allison (1891) and a bsc ad eundem from Dalhousie in Halifax (1897) – he completed a teacher-training course at the Normal School in Truro, N.S., during the summer of 1877. He spent the next two years teaching in Brigus, Nfld, where he began to study medicine with Dr William Anderson.
Tait had found his vocation. In 1879 he entered medical school at the University of Pennsylvania and he graduated three years later with a first-class honours md. He returned to Brigus, where he practised until 1885, when he went to Britain to continue his studies. The following year he was licensed by the Royal College of Physicians (London) and the Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh). When he returned in 1886, he set up practice in St John's.
It was not long before Tait entered the political arena. In the general election of 1889 he was returned to the House of Assembly as a Liberal in support of Sir William Vallance Whiteway*, in the two-member district of Burin on the south coast. Tait had no previous connection with the area, but parachuting St John's–based candidates into rural districts was common in 19th-century Newfoundland. In 1893 he spearheaded the passage of a bill to regulate the practice of medicine and surgery. The first legislation of its kind in the colony, it led to the establishment of a seven-member medical board [see William Munden Allan*]. Tait was re-elected in the contest of 1893, which was quite acrimonious, even by Newfoundland standards. On 6 Jan. 1894, the last possible day for challenges under the Corrupt Practices Act, the Conservatives brought charges of bribery and corruption against 15 of the successful Liberals, including Tait, and against independent member James Murray. Each was found guilty and forced to relinquish his seat, and all except one were barred from future political office. This last penalty was removed by statute the following year, enabling Tait to make an unsuccessful bid to return to the assembly in 1897.
Although Tait's conviction brought his career as an assemblyman to a close, it did not end his partisan involvement. He was the recipient of several patronage appointments, including posts as secretary and registrar of the Newfoundland Medical Board (1894–1909) and membership on the St John's Board of Health (1904–9). As well, he was a public health officer and a visiting surgeon and physician at the St John's General Hospital. His most lucrative appointment was as medical superintendent (1895–97, 1900–7) and resident physician (1902–7) at the Hospital for the Insane in Waterford (St John's).
Tait's first formal involvement with this hospital, which was known as the Newfoundland Asylum until 1899, had occurred in 1890 when he was appointed to a commission of inquiry into its operation under resident physician Henry Hunt Stabb*. Three years later he was made a visiting physician to the hospital. Although he was soon replaced after the Conservatives became the governing party in April 1894, within weeks of the Liberals' return to power in December he was named attendant, or non-resident, physician, a position he had actively pursued. In a letter dated 21 Dec. 1893 to Newfoundland's colonial secretary, Robert Bond, he had sought the appointment at a minimum fixed yearly stipend of $3,000 (the annual salary paid to such professionals as magistrates, teachers, and clergy at the time averaged much less than $1,000). Tait now secured the position but not the salary. With his elevation to the position of medical superintendent on 25 March 1895, however, his emolument was set at $2,000 plus contributions towards his household expenses, which made him one of the highest paid officials on the government's payroll. The construction of an imposing superintendent's residence, on land adjacent to the asylum that had been purchased from Tait during 1896–97, increased his dependence on the public purse and made his position even more lucrative.
Tait's appointment was denounced by Governor Sir John Terence Nicholls O'Brien*, who, in a letter to the British colonial secretary, cited Tait's recent expulsion from the Medical Society of St John's on grounds of unprofessional conduct as sufficient reason to rescind it. (This expulsion, believed to have been in response to Tait's conviction under the Corrupt Practices Act, apparently did not affect his subsequent practice of medicine.) O'Brien's objection had no influence on the governing party. Tait carried out his duties as superintendent until September 1897, when he resigned to become a candidate in that fall's election. The Conservative's victory prevented the defeated Tait from regaining his position at the asylum, which went to Dr Lawrence Edward Keegan, but it did not end his association with the institution. The Liberals were returned to office in 1900 and shortly thereafter the new premier, Bond, reappointed Tait as medical superintendent.
His approach to treatment was guided by his conviction that mental illness was mainly the result of inherited factors, a belief that had gained much credibility in late-19th-century psychiatric pathology. He held little hope for the recovery of most patients; in 1895 he had argued that their incarceration in the asylum was rapidly turning it into "a Home for Incurables rather than a Hospital for the care and cure of the Insane." He advocated that alternative accommodation be found for them and was not averse to transferring them to the local poorhouse. Unlike Keegan, who had implemented an aggressive program of work, Tait believed that this type of occupational therapy was ineffective and fiscally unsound and he cancelled many of Keegan's initiatives when he replaced him in 1900. However, he gradually changed his opinion, acknowledging that some patients did benefit, but he limited work programs to those classified as able-bodied – seldom more than a third of the residents. Tait exercised frugality in the administration of sedatives and the use of physical restraints was common during his superintendence.
Tait's personal and professional conduct was called into question in May 1902 when Miss M. E. Scott, the asylum's matron, made several accusations against him, the most serious of which was causing the death of a patient through lethal injection. He was cleared of any wrongdoing, but when a second inquiry, in 1907 in response to allegations that he was involved in a sexual relationship with one of the female staff, recommended his removal, he submitted his resignation.
Tait had maintained his private practice during his incumbency at the Hospital for the Insane and he now returned to it, though in his later years he would confine himself to consultative work. He had kept abreast of advancements in medicine, studying in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and London, and he received various accreditations, certificates, and licences. In 1896 he was named a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (Edinburgh), at the time the only person in Newfoundland with this designation. A writer of some note, he contributed medical articles, essays, and patriotic poems to such local periodicals as the Newfoundland Quarterly and the Cadet; his pamphlet entitled Tuberculosis was published in St John's in 1902. He was elected to the city's municipal council in 1916 and served until 1920. A Methodist and then a member of the United Church of Canada, he died in 1928.
In addition to her role as a homemaker and mother, Tait's wife, who died in 1925, was devoted to community and church work, especially in support of the missionary efforts of Gower Street Methodist Church. Their daughter, Mary Elsinore (Elsie), was a talented musician and holds the distinction of being the first recipient of a degree in music from Mount Allison. She was also a graduate of the Toronto Conservatory of Music and was organist at Gower Street Church for many years. Two sons, Archibald Campbell and Harold Sinclair, followed their father into medicine, while the third, Robert Holland*, opted for a career in law and positions with Newfoundland's information bureaus in the United States. All three served with distinction in World War I, Archibald and Harold with the Royal Army Medical Corps and Robert with the Newfoundland Regiment.
J. Sinclair Tait, in the estimation of historian Patricia O'Brien, "seems to have been a man of small imagination and even smaller humanitarian impulse," particularly in his years as medical superintendent at the Hospital for the Insane. His opposition to innovative therapies and his reliance on antiquated methods reduced his effectiveness as the hospital's administrator and primary caregiver. His removal as superintendent was a direct result of his own misconduct. Yet, his continuing quest for medical knowledge and his large and successful private practice indicate that he was dedicated to his profession and enjoyed the confidence of his patients. He made the most of his term in the assembly by persuading the government to bring structure to the practice of medicine in Newfoundland. As secretary and registrar of the Medical Board for its first 15 years, he was able to ensure that it became the regulating body he had intended.
In addition to his pamphlet, Tuberculosis, James Sinclair Tait wrote "Allan Lee," a ballad that was published in Songs of Newfoundland (St John's, 1917), 7. Three articles by him appear in the Newfoundland Quarterly (St John's) – "Heredity and environment," 1 (1901–2), no.4: 21–24; "The ideal in education," 12 (1912–13), no.1: 6–10; and "The jubilee of years," 11 (1911–12), no.3: 21 – as well as a poem "Britain's call," 14 (1914–15), no.2: 30. Two other poems were printed in the Cadet (St John's): "The conflict," December 1917: 23 and "King and empire," December 1918: 1.
Private arch., Bertram Riggs (St John's), E-mail corr. from Cheryl Ennals, Mount Allison Univ. archivist, with information from convocation and commencement programs. Daily News (St John's), 20 Nov. 1894, 23 Feb. 1925, 6 July 1928. Evening Telegram (St John's), 6 July 1928. Argosy (Sackville, N.B.), February 1875, September 1876, October 1877, January 1879, March 1888, February 1893, March 1897. Births, deaths and marriages in Newfoundland newspapers, comp. Gert Crosbie (13v., St John's, 1997–99; also available on CD-ROM), 8 (1881–82); 13 (1890). Canadian men and women of the time (Morgan; 1912). Encyclopedia of Nfld (Smallwood et al.), 1: 679–749. Nfld, House of Assembly, Journal, 1893–96. Newfoundland Medical Board, Newfoundland medical register (n.p.), 1912, 1914. Newfoundland men . . . , ed. H. Y. Mott (Concord, N.H., 1894). Notable events in the history of Newfoundland: six thousand dates of historical and social happenings, comp. M. A. Devine and M. J. O'Mara (St John's, 1900). Patricia O'Brien, Out of mind, out of sight: a history of the Waterford Hospital (St John's, 1989). Vital statistics from N.B. newspapers (Johnson), 60 (1882–84). Who's who and why, 1914. Who's who in and from Newfoundland . . . (St John's), 1927. Yearbook and almanac of Newfoundland (St John's), 1887–1929.
© 2005–2023 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Cite This Article
Bertram Riggs, "TAIT, JAMES SINCLAIR," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 15, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 28, 2023, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/tait_james_sinclair_15E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
|Author of Article:
|Bertram Riggs
|Title of Article:
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|Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 15
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|September 28, 2023


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Journey into the world of ALfheim Online for the very first time! Join Kirito as he ventures online to explore Start Alfheim, a brand-new area of ALfheim Online, the floating is comprised of continents led by The Floating City of Ryne. This original storyline includes new and returning characters and exclusive environments in the ultimate Virtual Reality universe! Sword Art Online: Lost Song features all-new Aerial Battles and plenty of customization features. Link Start into the Sword Art Online world and join your favorite dual-wielding player, Kirito, on the greatest adventure yet!

subset: commoncrawl


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- Nuclear & Particle Physics
- Collider-Accelerator
- Isotope Research & Production
- Physics
- RIKEN BNL Research Center
Dopants Dramatically Alter Electronic Structure of Superconductor
Findings explain unusual properties, but complicate search for universal theory
February 17, 2013
Scientists have found that the substitution of cobalt atoms into the crystal framework of an iron-based material—which is required to convert the material from a magnet into a superconductor—also introduces elongated impurity states at each cobalt atom (note the directional alignment of "twin" peaks around each cobalt atom in the electronic structure map). These elongated impurities then scatter electrons in an asymmetric way that explains many of the material's unusual properties, and could eventually lead to the design of new types of superconductors for practical applications in energy transmission and storage.
UPTON, NY — Over the last quarter century, scientists have discovered a handful of materials that can be converted from magnetic insulators or metals into "superconductors" able to carry electrical current with no energy loss—an enormously promising idea for new types of zero-resistance electronics and energy-storage and transmission systems. At present, a key step to achieving superconductivity (in addition to keeping the materials very cold) is to substitute a different kind of atom into some positions of the "parent" material's crystal framework. Until now, scientists thought this process, called doping, simply added more electrons or other charge carriers, thereby rendering the electronic environment more conducive to the formation of electron pairs that could move with no energy loss if the material is held at a certain chilly temperature.
Now, new studies of an iron-based superconductor by an international team of scientists—including physicists from the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory and Cornell University—suggest that the story is somewhat more complicated. Their research, published online in Nature Physics February 17, 2013,* demonstrates that doping, in addition to adding electrons, dramatically alters the atomic-scale electronic structure of the parent material, with important consequences for the behavior of the current-carrying electrons.
J.C. Séamus Davis (photo courtesy of Cornell University)
"The key observation—that dopant atoms introduce elongated impurity states which scatter electrons in the material in an asymmetric way—helps explain most of the unusual properties," said J.C. Séamus Davis, the study's lead author, who directs the Center for Emergent Superconductivity at Brookhaven Lab and is also the J.G. White Distinguished Professor of Physical Sciences at Cornell University. "Our findings provide a new starting point for theorists trying to grapple with how these materials work, and could potentially point to new ways to design superconductors with improved properties," he said.
The researchers used a technique developed by Davis called spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy to visualize the electronic properties around individual dopant atoms in the parent material, and to simultaneously monitor how electrons scatter around these dopants (in this case, cobalt).
Earlier studies had shown that certain electronic properties of the non-superconducting "parent" material had a strong directional dependence—for example, electrons were able to move more easily in one direction through the crystal than in the perpendicular direction. However, in those studies, the signal of a strong directional dependence only appeared when the scientists put the dopants into the material, and got stronger the more dopants they added.
Before this, the assumption was that dopants simply added electrons, and that the material's properties—including the emergence of superconductivity—were due to some intrinsic characteristic (for example, the alternating alignments of electron spins on adjacent atoms) that resulted in a directional dependence.
"But the emergence of directional dependence of electronic properties as more dopants are added suggests that the strong directionality is a result of the dopants, not an intrinsic property of the material," Davis said. "We decided to test this idea by directly imaging what each dopant atom does to the nearby atomic-level electronic structure in these materials."
According to Davis, the current paper reports two very clear results:
- At each cobalt dopant atom, there is an elongated impurity state—a quantum mechanical state bound to the cobalt atom—that aligns in a particular direction (the same for each cobalt atom) relative to the overall crystal.
- These oblong, aligned impurity states scatter the current-carrying electrons away from the impurity state in an asymmetric way—similar to the way ripples of water would propagate asymmetrically outward from an elongated stick thrown into a pond, rather than forming the circular pattern produced by a pebble.
"These direct observational findings explain most of the outstanding mysteries about how the electrical current moves through these materials—for example, with greater ease perpendicular to the direction you would expect based solely on the characteristics of the parent material," Davis said. "The results show that the dopants actually do dramatic things to the electronic structure of the parent material."
"It's possible that what we've found could be similar to an effect dopants had on early semiconductors," Davis said. "Early versions of these materials, though useful, had nowhere near the performance as those developed after the 1970s, when scientists at Bell Labs figured out a way to move the dopant atoms far away from the electrons so they wouldn't mess up the electronic structure." That advance made possible all the microelectronics we now use every day, including cell phones, he said.
"If we find out the dopant atoms are doing something we don't want in the iron and even copper superconductors, maybe we can find a way to move them away from the active electrons to make more useful materials."
Brookhaven's role in this research was supported by the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, a DOE Energy Frontier Research Center headquartered at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Additional funding was provided by the DOE Office of Science (Ames Laboratory), the National Science Foundation, the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, the Scottish Funding Council, and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.
DOE's Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit science.energy.gov.
2013-11501 | INT/EXT | Newsroom


text:
For athletes and outdoor adventurers, fēnix 5S Plus is the rugged, high-performance GPS multisport watch that meets big challenges and fits smaller wrists. Beat yesterday with top end multisport and training features, maps, music and more. Colour TopoActive Europe maps with Trendline popularity routing help you find and follow the best paths. Enjoy music with phone-free listening and store up to 500 songs. Other highlights include wrist-based heart rate, our Garmin Pay contactless payment solution. Built-in activity profiles and advanced performance metrics enhance sports and training. Connected features include smart notifications, automatic uploads to our Garmin Connect online fitness community and personalization via free watch faces and apps from Connect IQ.
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For outdoor enthusiasts the world over, this collection of Garmin watches are sure to keep you on track, both physically, and with all your fitness goals and needs. Complete with sleek, streamlined designs, these men's and women's watches and their array of specially designed, practical features are a must for any sporting aficionado. Garmin watches come in a diverse range of bold colours, from white and black to red and purple, and special features include activity trackers, colour touch screens, GPS, sport apps and smart watch connectivity with notifications that allow the user to receive calls, texts, emails, and social media alerts. Garmin's rechargeable batteries can last up to 3 weeks and as if that wasn't enough, Garmin watches are made from a combination of rubber and plastic/resin.
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The Social Mobility of Immigrants and Their Children
How successful is integration and immigrant social mobility in Europe and North America? This report explores this fundamental question by examining the economic performance and rate of labor market assimilation for first and second generation immigrants. While authors recognize substantive differences in immigrants' outcomes across a number of variables—type of migrant stream, country of destination, country of origin, ethnicity, age, level of education—several broad trends are identified: Despite increases in earnings, first generation immigrants typically experience downward mobility in terms of occupational status or relative position in the earnings scale compared to native workers, and do not achieve parity with natives in many countries. Second generation children of immigrants experience substantial upward mobility relative to their parents but have lower occupational status and employment rates than their non-immigrant peers, for reasons that cannot be fully explained by differences in educational attainment.
The report also found the following correlations: second generation children of parents who fare well in the host-country labor market tended to be more successful; immigrant groups that perform well in the first generation also tended to perform well in the second; both generations benefitted from cultural integration and language acquisition at an early age. Based on these findings, authors contend that improving outcomes for the first generation will also benefit the second, and outline what policymakers can do to promote social mobility and integration.


text:
The Best Classical Composers
The best classical composers of all time ranked from best to worst. These classical composers are some of the best musicians in history, and are responsible for some of the greatest works of classical music the world has ever heard. Though these were men of a classical era of music, their concertos, sonatas, and movements are present in everything from rock concerts to blockbuster movies and are some of the most popular classical songs.
These top classical composers have written some of the most relaxing music, the most inspirational music, and the most beautiful music in the world. They are the greatest composers who ever have lived.
Who are the greatest classical composers? What are the characteristics of the best classical composers? Who wrote the best classical music? This list of the top classical composers aims to answer these questions and others that have to do with determining who the best composers of classical music were and are. If your favorite classical composer isn't on the list of the bestIf classical music is your thing (and you're checking out a list of the best classical composers, so it probably is), check out the hottest men in classical music and the hottest women in classical music.


text:
good chemistry is complicated,
and a little bit messy -LW
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Your site maintainers are constantly improving the appearance and functions of PerlMonks to make your experience here the best it can be. To find out what has changed recently, or since the last time you logged in, peruse the headlines below. Also browse recent PerlMonks Discussions for a deeper view into what's in the pipeline for PerlMonks.
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text:
The new Mac Pro has been released, and we've managed to get our hands on the entry-level model, "inexpensively" priced at $2,999.
Tech Specs:
Quad-Core Intel Xeon E5 with 10 MB L3 cache and Turbo Boost up to 3.9 GHz
12 GB (three 4 GB modules) of 1866 MHz DDR3 ECC memory
Dual AMD FirePro D300 graphics processors with 2 GB of GDDR5 VRAM each
256 GB PCIe-based flash storage
802.11ac Wi-Fi wireless networking and Bluetooth 4.0 wireless technology
Once again, another iFixit teardown that subtly bashes Apple products for not conforming to their definition of repairability. It is getting tired. And the humor, isn't.
How is an 8 out of 10 Apple Bashing? REALLY??!!!
I agree. The ability to add internal storage doesn't make a computer more "repairable". It should be a 9.
@Mojofix: going to have to agree with Aaron, 8/10 on a device packed with proprietary components and connectors seems kind of high actually. Are you just upset that they put the word "inexpensively" in quotes?
Name one proprietary connector.
Mark -
PC repair should not require a putty knife. Most Apple products are built like consumer toys that will be thrown on the scrapheap as soon as the new model comes out.
The fact that a Mac Pro can be repaired is not something that should trigger any special praise. These machines have always been different from Apple's other products. People should expect better of them. It's good that the new Pro is as repairable despite their proprietary parts. However, it's just what should be expected.
"PC repair should not require a putty knife."
Who says?
And being that this is not required here, WTH is even your point?
"Most Apple products are built like consumer toys that will be thrown on the scrapheap as soon as the new model comes out."
Um, apparently you have never checked the Mac resale market.
You simply have no idea what you're talking about. At all.
Mark -
Contrary to popular belief, the new Mac Pro is closer in design to an aluminum beverage can than a trash can. (Not that there's anything wrong with trash cans—some of our favorite astromech droids are shaped like trash cans.)
The back side (if a cylinder can have a back side) contains the power button and electrical inlet, as well as a tidy array of ports:
3.5 mm speaker and headphone jacks
Four USB 3.0 ports
Six Thunderbolt 2 ports
Dual Gigabit Ethernet ports
HDMI 1.4 out
Looks like neither trash nor fixer can get in through the top of this bin. Time to investigate that enticing lock switch...
How large would this be compared to a 5 liter barrel? Like this (it's even in black): http://bembel-with-care.de/shop/images/p...
The volume of the new mac pro is around 5.5 liters, so it would probably be very similar.
Here's a strangely un-Apple-like design choice: simply sliding the lock switch allows us to remove the outer casing of the Mac Pro. No stubborn pentalobe screws here!
What other improved repairability features will we find in this
soda candesktop computer? Only time and spudgers will tell.
Apparently you weren't around for the PowerMac G3 Blue & White or any of the PowerMac G4 models.
Apple has used uncommon screws on Macs. One some MacBook models, the battery is held in place with a tri-wing screw.
Apple's top-tier machines have featured screw-less case entry for almost two decades...nothing new here.
With the cylindrical cover removed, we get our first peek inside the Mac Pro.
The dual graphics cards dominate the initial view. Their symmetry is broken only by the SSD cage nestled up alongside the second graphics card.
Giving the Mac Pro a little spin, we find neatly positioned vertical RAM slots at either side of the I/O panel.
Good news, everyone! The RAM in the Mac Pro Late 2013 is easily accessible and replaceable.
The 4 GB DDR3L SDRAM (three for a total of 12 GB) modules are labeled as Elpida EBJ04EG8BFWB-JS-F.
I have read elsewhere (everymac.com and owc) that this machine can actually support up to 128GB of RAM albeit its downclocked to 1066mhz instead of 1866mhz. I've tried 2 different sets of 4x16GB memory sticks in my 12c Mac Pro that were supposedly compatible (one of them being OWC) and both sets result in the machine crashing during sleep. They also intermittently cause the machine not to shutdown or reboot cleanly when doing either from the Apple menu. I also tested both sets with Passmark's Memtest86 v10.2 as well as Apple diagnostics and they tested clean. I ended up taking it to the Apple store and they told me its the RAM as well. Maybe its my particular model, which was manufactured in 2017, but just a heads up for others to stick with a max of 64GB to save yourself some headaches.
With a twist of a T8 screwdriver, the SSD assembly is easily removed from the device.
On board we find some rather familiar friends:
Samsung S4LN053X01-8030 (ARM) Flash Controller
Samsung K9HFGY8S5C-XCK0 Flash Storage
Samsung K4P4G324EB 512 MB RAM
This combination of hardware makes the Mac Pro's SSD suspiciously similar to those we've seen in the latest refresh of MacBook Pro Retina and MacBook Air.
To the point that only the last few digits of the model numbers are any different. Hmmm...
How do you remove the heatsink/cover from the SSD module? I see several vendors selling blades that are compatible but do not have the heatsink/cover included. I assume one would have to reuse the stock heatsink/cover.
I have the same question. I just pulled a 256gb from mine and to reuse it on a macbook I will need remove the heatsink. I suppose I need to heat with a heat blower but I am not sure...
Hi, is the screwdriver TR8 or T8? I see the Tool on the top of the page is TR8.
The screw is a T8, we listed the T8 as required, we just sell a TR8 as our T8, to account for both T8 and TR8 screws. So if you have a T8 without the security divot, you'll still be able to work on this device =)
Where can I get the 2 Torx T8 security screws from the top right corner of the mac pro? (first picture)
Regulatory markings have been relegated to the bottom cover/air inlet, where we find a few more informative tidbits:
The Mac Pro Late 2013 is identified as model A1481 with an EMC Number of 2630...
...and it's rated for 100-240 volts AC, making it a willing international travel partner.
There can only be one fan. The Mac Pro is vented by a single fan, which pulls air from under the case, through the core, and out the top of the case.
Can you take that fan assembly to pieces? By a process of elimination, that's where the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth circuitry and at least one of the antennas are.
I agree. Look at the fan power connector, It's a ridiculous connector for a fan. It should also carry data for the wifi module, the 6-antenna array is also integral with the fan, with 1 extra for bluetooth maybe
Tom Chai -
Dominic is correct. The Airport/Bluetooth card and the antennas are housed in the fan area. It is under what is being called the Roof (the black cover in the middle of the fan). It is just adhered by glue, use a couple black sticks to pry it off.
Tom, it is only four antennas. My guess is three for Wi-Fi and one for Bluetooth.
Yes, we can! Check out the update in steps 8-10 to see what we found.
Thank you, Greg. I hope they get the pictures out soon. I saw the airport extereme with 6 antennas, so I assume there will also be 6 antennas in this device. Now the config clears up. As a client device rather than a base station, it doesn't have to work on both bands simultaneously. So the 3 antennas are for 3x3 MIMO wifi, either 2.4G or 5G operation, and an additional 2.4G for Bluetooth. just like iMacs.
According the tear down the fan just lifts off? No screws or anything to unplug? Thats weird.
Is that correct, the fan simply pops off without having to be unscrewed?
ole -
Teardowns are intended to provide a look inside a device, and are not to be followed as disassembly directions. We simplify the procedure down to a general overview, without including every screw or clip, so that we can focus the bigger picture of the device.
Since the teardown, we've made a complete set of guides for the Mac Pro, including a Fan Replacement Guide.
And to answer the question, there are several screws holding the fan in place.
You did not detail the screw removal for the fan from the chassis or the type of torx driver used or the locations of the screws.
You're right, and we don't normally go into that level of detail for a teardown. Teardowns provide a first look at the hardware and an opportunity to assess repairability; they're not intended to be used as instructions. Not to worry, though—we have a complete set of step-by-step guides available for that very reason.
Snug in a nest of antennas, the AirPort card fits onto a small adapter board that also connects to the fan below.
Those three large screws secure the fan, with vibration-dampening rubber bumpers, like we've seen in iMacs.
More deja vu as we uncap the AirPort card and find what looks to be the same configuration found in most Apple products today:
Broadcom BCM4360 5G Wi-Fi 3-stream 802.11ac gigabit transceiver
Broadcom BCM20702 single-chip Bluetooth 4.0 HCI solution with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) support
Skyworks SE5516 dual-band 802.11a/b/g/n/ac WLAN front-end modules
Everybody wants to know if the new Mac Pro can be run on its side or at least tilted (for some kind of rack mounting). If you put the MP back together, can you see if the fan works properly? You mentioned the probability of it being balanced. What happens if it's tilted 45 degrees?
At least one hosting company will be rack-mounting these horizontally. http://www.macstadium.com/blog/new-mac-p...
shamino -
Apple answered my question today with a posting on their website: http://support.apple.com/kb/HT6099?viewl....
It can be put on its side.
As for the MacStadium, I'd rather see the MPs installed within a ring enclosure (like a wine rack) allowing the maximum amount of airflow around them.
A view from above: The Mac Pro utilizes a giant triangular heat sink ("Thermal Core"), shared by the dual graphics cards and CPU.
We use our spudger to pry the graphics card data connectors from their sockets. This FCI Meg-Array connector is the same type used for the G4 & G5 PowerPC processor daughtercards, and looks to be a fully custom way of hooking up PCI-E, with many pins in a pressed-in connector.
With the Mac Pro's structure dominated by the central heat sink, we'd best start by peeling parts off.
A clamp and four screws hold each of the dual AMD FirePro D300 graphics cards in place.
Amidst the usual processing power and cost comparison with a similar home-built desktop PC, these graphics cards may be the key to Apple finally undercutting homebrew systems on a pure power basis.
So have I been being unnecessarily OCD about making sure I don't get thermal paste overflow when I build my PCs? There's a ton of goop in there!
@Joshua Rogers: No. Apple has been applying far too much thermal paste to its systems as a matter of routine for many years-going back to at least 2008. So much, in fact, that people sometimes see a temperature decrease of about 5*C by reapplying the thermal paste on the Macbooks and Macbook pros correctly. Compared to the mess they make in the laptops, those GPUs are actually pretty clean.
The back side of each graphics card contains:
AMD FirePro D300 graphics processor
Elpida W2032BBBG 2 GB (8 x 2 Gb = 16 Gb = 2 GB) GDDR5 VRAM
Intersil ISL 6336 6-Phase PWM Controller with Light Load Efficiency Enhancement and Current Monitoring
The front side has the following ICs:
Fairchild Semiconductor DD30AJ
International Rectifier IR3575 Synchronous Buck Gate Driver with integrated MOSFET and Schottky diode
256MB = 2Mb
8 bits in a BYTE
In the guide it says
"2 Gb (8 x 2 Gb = 16 Gb = 2 GB)"
It should be
"2 GB (8 x 2 Gb = 16 Gb = 2 GB)"
Corrected, thanks!
Hello, Where can i buy the same GPU in 2018 ? I need to replace because of display problem..
Hello friend, you could try on this website: https://eshop.macsales.com, there are many components and if they do not have it, they will get it.
Miguel -
Try macpalace DOT com for a variety of replacement parts. But be prepared to spend a bundle.
But wait, there's more. Just one more: a second, slightly different FirePro card.
The other important difference to note is that this card (and only this card) hosts the slot for the SSD. This seems to us like a potential opportunity for expansion—perhaps higher storage configurations make use of two of this variety, for doubling up on SSDs?
Would love it know if the dual SSD video card theory is viable. Frankly I don't understand why Apple didn't do this in the first place (not enough PCIe lanes?)
Would like to know as well, I wonder if could swap another similar GPU board from another unit and see if it works.
Wei -
Definitely not possible.
1) Cards differ physically (aside from the SSD). Look at those two holes up top - they are on opposite sides.
2) There are no PCIe lanes left. And even if there were. They would have to be correctly routed to where you need them. As it is even USB 3.0 doesn't have enough lanes (one 2.0 lane for all four ports - so don't count on running multiple bandwidth intensive devices over USB, use Thunderbolt instead). And BIOS would have to play ball with you (which is doubtful).
Martin T -
I meant throughput, obviously.
Martin T -
I happen to have a MacPro on my desk with 1TB SSD and I can confirm that it is just one SSD on the one Graphics card. Not two.
sarman1998 - 返信
The FirePro bone's connected to the... um...
A novel disc-shaped daughterboard ties everything together at the base of the machine. Having spudgered away the ribbon cables, we flip it over for a closer look.
Dominated by inscrutable proprietary connectors, we can only hope the ICs on this interconnect board will tell us more about its purpose.
I think you need to look up the word 'proprietary'... I would bet that those 300 pin connectors are Molex HD Mezz or something similar. Just because it's not a connector you normally see on the outside of a personal computer, it doesn't mean that Apple has made a custom one. The Mac Pro will not be sold in huge numbers - making custom shape PCBs is simple, tooling up to make custom board interconnects is not and is probably not worth it (even for Apple) at these volumes. Get a magnifying glass out, look at the connector and I'm sure you'll see some branding on there that will lead you to the manufacturer.
As Dennis Murphy says, they look like connectors that have been used before.
Technically the circular board with the connectors is a backplane, not a daughter board.
The logic board, dual graphics cards, and I/O port board all connect to this single board.
Wrangling all that data requires a small posse of ICs. We find:
Intel BD82C602J Platform Controller Hub
Renesas R4F2113NLG H8S/2113 16-Bit Microcontroller
Texas Instruments LM393 Dual Differential Comparator
MXIC 25L6406E 64M-BIT CMOS Serial Flash
The back of the daughterboard features the same 980 YFC LM4FS1BH System Management Controller found in the Mid 2013 MacBook Air refreshes.
The connectors for the 2 graphics cards do appear to be the same, 10x30 arrays, however the back side of the board clearly shows their respective pin utilizations to be quite different as one might expect. Perhaps a future iteration may go in that direction.
xiamenbill - 返信
Pulling up a black cover grille, we discover where Apple hid the power supply: it's sandwiched between the I/O panel and the logic board.
The power supply's connecting cables are cleverly conceived, but a bit tricky to remove. Our handy Torx driver is helpful here...
...and with that, the I/O board and power supply peel away as a unit.
The logic board is the next logical step. The CPU is the last to go, left clinging to the side of the heat sink via a thin smear of thermal paste.
After teasing it away with a spudger, we decipher its markings:
Quad-Core Intel Xeon E5-1620 v2 with 10 MB L3 cache, clocked at 3.7 GHz, Turbo Boost up to 3.9 GHz.
While it took a bit of a trek, a CPU upgrade appears entirely possible—and well worth it, with an alleged cost savings of $1050 for an upgrade to 12 cores.
Let's identify the ICs on the rear of the logic board:
LGA 2011 (Socket R) CPU socket
Microchip EMC1428 8-Channel Temperature Sensor Monitor
International Rectifier IR3575 Synchronous Buck Gate Driver with integrated MOSFET and Schottky diode
NXP PA9517A Level Translating I2C-Bus Repeater
Texas Instruments 58872D
The front side of the logic board:
Intersil ISL 6367 Hybrid Digital Dual PWM Controller
The front side of the port board:
PLX Technology PEX8723 PCI Express Switch
Intel DSL5520 Thunderbolt 2 Controller
Cirrus 4208-CRZ Audio Codec (seen in the MacBook Pro 15" Retina Display)
Intersil 14AIRZ F335QV
Texas Instruments 58888D
Texas Instruments 58872D
Also along for the ride is a standard BR2032 CMOS battery.
It will be interesting to see how Apple secures the new Mac Pro to the Apple Store table since they did not add on a Kensington security slot to the computer's body. I suppose the easy nature of how the machine is taken apart makes a Kensington security slot very insecure. Also, if the Mac Pro costs between $5,000 to $10,000, then a thief would easily bring a cable cutter to take the computer away. This makes a Kensington security cable simply very insecure. Thus the lack of security slot on the Mac Pro.
The base of the Mac Pro is one area where some sort of security clamp may be placed - something that is a variant of what can secure the Mac Mini - which also doesn't have a security slot.
James Katt - 返信
At my local shop they had a special ethernet "brick" permanently attached to the networking port. It was only held on by a tiny nylon cord. I guess it works though.
Matt D -
Hi iFixit guys,
Is it possible to connect the video card containing the SSD to either of the two connectors on the round daughter board? If so, then I hope someone gets a second video card with SSD controller to see if both can work at the same time. It would be huge if this machine can handle two SSDs. Of course it may be very expensive...
Hi Andrew, we were hoping the same thing! Unfortunately, the cards have their power connections on opposite sides, so they can only be installed in their initial positions.
I think every PCIe channel is already allocated....
In both our Apple stores in Bristol the Mac Pros aren't bolted down...yet! They are VERY HEAVY though, so anyone attempting to steal one will have a Hernia by the time they reach the front door.
It weighs 11 lbs... So I'm guessing there aren't a lot of gyms in Bristol? ;)
Maybe the in store display version uses a different housing that is made of a heavier material on purpose? That would be odd though
The last generation MacPro is 40 lbs vs this new MacPro is actually lighter... 11 lbs.
Yeah, the old Mac Pro is a hernia inducing item, and a back breaker too.
RobCow -
That might be the most expensive BR2032 ever sold.
Abul Kasam - 返信
No. The US Space shuttle also came free with a very expensive BR2032
How did he remove the io/port board from the psu?
This is a teardown and shouldn't be followed as disassembly instructions. We have a full set of repair guides on the device page, here is the I/O board replacement guide!
With a rated output of 12.1 Volts and 37.2 Amps, we're looking at a 450 Watt power supply. The power supply has no dedicated cooling, and relies on the main system fan to keep cool—allowing the Mac Pro to idle at a whisper-quiet 12 dBA.
And a quick look at what's left on the behemoth of a heat sink: Heavy gauge, flat power cables run from the PSU to the logic board and graphics cards, and remain intertwined in the heat sink.
Oh yeah, great. All solid caps throughout the unit except the PSU. Why o why?
Guess were issues will begin considered the cooling design.
Apple can do better.
Are you the guy that complained about the type of dust caps on a Ferrari Enzo?
I do not see the point. I own old AT SMPS they are about 20 years old now. All of them use electrolytic caps. All of them are running well over thousand of hours. It is not the type of the cap who is running bad. It is the quality. In this case all high quality Nippon.
Hi ... think I found a mistake ?
The first Pic ... i read 12V-37.2 Amps not 32.2 Amps
Thanks! Got it updated.
With the I/O panel cover belly-up, we spot one last trio of unidentified ICs, labeled as follows:
Two M430 V380 H 39K CX88 G4
One M430 V380 H 39K CX7S G4
que controla el magneto de la la taba del tubo?????? es un circuito en especifico , no lo ubico en los circuitos…
Mac Pro Late 2013 Repairability Score: 8 out of 10 (10 is easiest to repair)
For being so compact, the design is surprisingly modular and easy to disassemble. Non-proprietary Torx screws are used throughout, and several components can be replaced independently.
The easily-opened case is designed to make RAM upgrades a snap.
The fan is easy to access and replace.
While it will require a bit of digging, the CPU is user-replaceable—meaning intrepid fixers should be able to save considerably by upgrading from the base-level processor configuration.
There is no room, or available port, for adding your own internal storage. Apple has addressed this with heaps of Thunderbolt, but we'd personally rather use the more widely compatible SATA if we could.
With some proprietary new connectors and tight cable routing, working on this $3,000 device without a repair manual could be risky.
Whilst widely compatible, SATA is a previous generation technology, support for any storage other than PCIe would be a waste of time in a machine designed to ride out the 4K storm.
There is something like web camera on the port board on the last photo. What is this?
Internal speaker.
Mark -
59 件のコメント
The microcontrollers on the inside of the port panel must be for the illumination that lights up the ports. Somewhere there's a sensor that knows when you're turning the thing around too. Do they use a MEMS sensor for that?
Idk but it will be cool to have a macos function
The connectors shown in Step 8 appear to be identical to the CPU sockets used in the PowerPC G3 & G4 processors. Good connectors, solid, never had an issue with them. No need to reinvent the wheel.
should be hidden inside the fan, packed together with most of the beamforming antenna array and an extra antenna into the I/O housing Apple got really innovative this time, they managed to squeeze everything into this tiny can
Tom Chai -
It is under the Roof, the black cover in the middle of the fan. The card handles Airport and Bluetooth. There are four antennas connected to the card.
As usual, a great teardown. Thanks. The Mac Pro is an amazing piece of engineering, Apple did a great job, a work of art. Really nice, only Apple. You don't see hardware like this from other computer makers. I did not see a picture of the flex cables that have the big 300 pin connectors in any of the pictures. I would have thought they would have at least been in the last picture.
I want a USB 2.0 from mac pro because in my lab two devices supported with just USB 2.0
How can get a USB 2.0 from mac pro?
Is there any device convert thunderbolt to USB 2.0 or USB 2.0 HUB
There are 4 USB 3.0 Ports above the 6 Thunderbolt 2 ports on the I/O Panel, and USB 3.0 is fully backwards compatible with USB 2.0 and USB 1.1 in the USB 3.0 Spec. Just plug your hub of choice into one of these four ports.
As an electrical engineering who does circuit design and layout, this is thing of beauty. The industrial designers, EEs, and layout engineers really tried to make the design look very very elegant.
Clever, clever, clever! Now if Apple designers would just apply this same brilliance to make their laptops, particularly the MBA, equally accessible. As a writer, I can't afford gear I can't fix easily. I'm stuck with an aging white MacBook until Apple delivers on that.
--Michael W. Perry, My Nights with Leukemia: Caring for Children with Cancer
Mike Perry - 返信
The MBA isn't about to get any easier to repair. No way. Despite Al Gore (Mr Environment) being on Apple's board of directors, most of Apple's products are essentially throwaway.
However, if you want a relatively easy to fix Macbook you should grab one of the non-retina 13" Macbook Pros before they're discontinued. I bought one to replace my white Macbook and it's much more powerful. And it's easy to e.g. replace the hard disk.
I probably found who is behind the unknown chip 980 YFC LM4FS1BH.
If you search for LM4FS1 you probably find one of the following manufactures Burr-Brown (BB), Chipcon, GrayChip, NSC (National Semiconductor), Harris (RCA Electronics Pte), all owned by Texas Instruments and Micron, as I did on this web page.
So it looks like it's a special version of a Cost-Effective System Management Controller Chip.
Hope that does help others to get more detailed informations.
Alle the best for 2014.
How does this thing get an 8/10?
"While it will require a bit of digging, the CPU is user-replaceable"
- even a non-proprietary component is difficult to replace
"There is no room, or available port, for adding your own internal storage."
- storage is never enough & yet it ain't upgradeable!
"Apple has addressed this with heaps of Thunderbolt, but we'd personally rather use the more widely compatible SATA ..."
- internal storage not addressed cos Thunderbot is external storage!
- SATA's the idiot proof choice
"With some proprietary new connectors and tight cable routing, working on this $3,000 device without a repair manual could be risky."
- repair manual needed? WTF!
How can anything be considered repairable when proprietary parts of any sort are needed? How can one repair anything without parts?
This should have been at most a 1 or 2 out of 10.
I thought iFixit was the most important thing in recent years to rein manufacturers in. Apparently its caved to and slave to Apple's marketing pressure too!
Oh, I don't know, maybe because you're wrong on almost every point you made?- even a non-proprietary CPU is difficult to replace
Tedious does not mean difficult. Nothing in the teardown implies it is significantly more difficult than most PC MOBOs.
"storage… ain't upgradeable!"
Nonsense! PCIe is NOT proprietary, and anyone, ANYONE can manufacture an upgrade drive.
"internal storage not addressed cos Thunderbot is external storage!"
No, EXPANDABLE storage was addressed, which was the stated issue.
"SATA's the idiot proof choice"
So, this is a pro machine. It is not for idiots. Oh wait, you're referring to…?
Also, you have NO evidence that ANY of the connectors are proprietary. As for repair manual needed, that's the WHOLE POINT OF THIS SITE!!! WTF, indeed.
As for "proprietary parts" care to name a PC that doesn't require such parts?
Mark -
Oh Mark you really have to be my new favourite tech friend :D I love how you have refuted almost every stupid empty unresearched comment here. People just come along and bash Apple with no research or understanding of the cost of the parts. I read on another forum that the D300s are 7870s hahaha. They are actually iirc the W9000 FirePro retailing at 3K+ each. People think that the machine can be competed with, then forget that Xeon is an enterprise class CPU, and compare it to an i7 :P So funny. You made my day :) with your concise and clearly understood evidence. Refreshing
Let's see...the only components replaceable off-the-shelf are the cpu & the ram--or would you add the SSD to that? And you think this merits an 8 out of 10 "repairability score"? As a far as "repairability" goes, if you cannot replace the individual components as needed you cannot repair it. Whether or not you have to tear stuff apart to disassemble it has nothing whatever to do with whether or not it is repairable. Try again. The Mac Pro is actually a 2 out of 10 on the repairability index while it may very well be an 8 out of 10 on the disassembly index--but a "disassembly index" tells us nothing about the ease or lack thereof in its repair (ie, if you can take something apart with thumbscrews but cannot buy replacement components as needed you cannot repair it, can you?)
Sigh. Can't you people at least attempt to find out what you're talking about before you troll?!?
"the only components replaceable off-the-shelf are the cpu & the ram--or would you add the SSD to that?"
Of course you'd add SSD to that. Why on earth not?!? And how about BOTH graphics cards. NOTHING in them is proprietary, and AMD is free to make compatible boards. As to the rest, you have no idea which parts Apple might have available for repairs, such as I/O boards, etc..
Besides which, most issues with circuit level logic are the result of single capacitor or SMD resistors going bad. If you can't replace those yourself, you have no business calling yourself competent at component repair. Try again.
Mark -
"...perhaps higher storage configurations make use of two of this variety, for doubling up on SSDs?"
And where are you going to find the extra 4x PCIe channels?
henry3dogg - 返信
nice little gimmick machine by apple ,but useless in most cases for REAL work ,and that power supply is gonna overheat and blow ,mark these words
And you have evidence to back this up? Well?
Mark -
Maybe varies the pitch (sic) if the fan blades.
The speaker is connected to the I/O board and is shown in the very last picture. Zoom in to find it. There's a two pin connector that connects it to the board and it looks like two screws to secure it. iFixit took the picture of the I/O board with the speaker already removed, but then included it in the final image.
How clarity in explaining what's happening incl
the photo work where you can really zoom in.
Thank's and a merry new year.
Apple's design is typical Apple consumer bait for an under-powered PC compared to an equivalent PC of the same cost. It is not repairable or upgradeable with generic components, using parts that are either unobtainable by end users or, if they are available, cost a lot more than equivalent PC parts.
The last Mac Pro I owned was the "innovative" liquid cooled G5 which leaked corrosive chemicals that dissolved the innards turning the computer into toxic waste. Fortunately, for me, that didn't happen but its reputation caused that Mac Pro model to plummet to junk bond status in the used Mac market. Like the current Mac Pro, it used proprietary graphics cards which cost a fortune to replace or upgrade. I recently sold it loaded with thousands of dollars worth of still very useful software for the most I could get for it, $150. Fortunately, this Mac Pro isn't liquid cooled. Compare that to the Apple fanatic disparaged PC which cost less for the same capabilities and has a much longer useful life.
You seem to have this thing for posting completely baseless comments with NO evidence to support them whatsoever.
"Apple's design is typical Apple consumer bait for an under-powered PC compared to an equivalent PC of the same cost."
Oh really? Please list the machines capable of handling real time 4k video with similar graphics cards for less than the cost of the Mac Pro. Good luck with that. As soon as you actually bother to do the research, you'll find that just replicating the graphics cards will over flow your budget!
"It is not repairable or upgradeable with generic components."
Please explain how you think it is possible to innovate in a field, and pouch the boundaries back, using "generic components".
Mark -
"The last Mac Pro I owned was the "innovative" liquid cooled G5 which leaked corrosive chemicals that dissolved the innards turning the computer into toxic waste. Fortunately, for me, that didn't happen but its reputation caused that Mac Pro model to plummet to junk bond status in the used Mac market."
What complete and utter nonsense! First, very few machines suffered from leakage issues, and after Apple replaced the LCS system with a Panasonic-fabbed LCS, there were essentially ZERO machines that suffered the problem. Beyond that, you have NO evidence that this issue resulted in used value falling. Please feel free to post a year by year comparison vs OTHER Mac Pros (not just of the G5) that refute this by showing a marked differentiation in depreciation coefficients between machines.
Mark -
"Like the current Mac Pro, it used proprietary graphics cards"
First, the current Mac Pro does NOT use proprietary cards, it requires special drivers. But you could make that argument of ANY OS. Just because Windows is the defacto standard does not mean its products work without software support. And since the only way to allow Mac Pros to use those cards would be to replicate the Windows 6x driver architecture, which IS proprietary, your point is rather silly and hypocritical.
"I recently sold it loaded with thousands of dollars worth of still very useful software for the most I could get for it, $150."
Leaving aside the fact that it is illegal to sell a machine with preloaded soft are like that without the install disks, your machine is at least SEVEN YEARS OLD. Try giving away your 7yo PC!
"Compare that to the Apple fanatic disparaged PC which cost less for the same capabilities and has a much longer useful life."
Name one.
Mark -
Just a quick question regarding a 450 watt psu:
As an ex-pc guy who dealt with nothing but 800-1200 watt PSUs, is this really expected to be enough to power for 2 GPUs with 2 processors and 4GB of RAM each, let alone everything else?
I currently have a 27' IMac and I am always amazed at how cool it runs even under full load with graphics apps running full tilt. I know Mac "has a way" with things but even with the 27" Ive always wondered about the PSU and what kind of overhead is available. Fully taxed PSUs seem to not last too long in my experience.
- Dont go hatin' - I even named my dog Mac
In the accompanying video the presenter pointedly states...
"All the available ports have been consolidated onto one card, so if one of your USB or thunderbolt ports goes bad, you'll need to replace all of the ports on your machine, to fix it."
What a strange issue to raise.
A more realistic comment would be that they've split the traditional mother board into a separate processor support board, port board, and interconnect board and cable.
So if one USB port goes bad, you only need to replace all of the ports, rather than all of the ports, CPU support chipset, CPU socket, memory sockets, power regulation, ..... as you would on most other machines.
Or, of course, on either design you could just add some replacement ports via PCIe.
Bluntly, this machine is far less wasteful on component failure than the typical modern motherboard centric machine.
henry3dogg - 返信
As is typical of Apple's, a replacement Mac Pro IO port board will cost as much as a PC motherboard.
And being that PCs typically have the I/O ON the MOBO, that is about tit for tat, since repairing the I/O would require MOBO replacement, per se.
Besides, you have no idea what the replacements are, anyway.
Mark -
If the cost of replacing the Mac Pro's I/O board is the same or close to what it is for a new PC motherboard, it isn't tit-for-tat because a new PC motherboard replaces virtually all of the computer's components except for memory and the CPU and comes with a new warranty whereas replacing the Mac Pro's I/O board does not, it only replaces a subset of components and the declining or expired Apple Care warranty on the Mac Pro continues. Even if the cost for the replacement for the Mac Pro's I/O board is lower than a PC motherboard, which it probably wouldn't be by much, the replacement of a PC motherboard because of broken I/O port would probably be just the cost of the port connector and a bit of time to open the case, replace the I/O connector (desolder/resolder or unplug/replug) and reassemble the case. Another inexpensive solution available for the PC which is not available for the Mac Pro is to install a PCI expansion card with the I/O ports required/needed.
Brian -
There were a lot of liquid-cooled G5 Mac Pros which leaked but Apple replaced a small percentage of them, virtually all in the USA only. For its cost, the current Mac Pro underperforms compared to a custom built PC of equal cost - look around the Net at benchmark comparisons and you'll find it. The Graphics cards are proprietary, what other computer uses the type of connectors used on the Mac Pro's - try to buy one. I used to be a Mac Fanatic/Macophile too but I got over it.
Check out this great add on to the Mac Pro Deck! Perfect fit for extra storage capacity: http://www.tuaw.com/2014/09/26/hive73-ma...
Does the circular motherboard reming anyone of the iMac G4? No? Nobody remembers that computer? Nevermind.
For all The Upgraders, upgrade the cpu to Core i7 Extreme 5960X , the GPU can upgrade To the D700,, the sdd is upgradeable , ANd Extra, You can install well WhatEver You Wnat Whit Thunder2, Just pucharse a bizon box and plug on it a Titan X Pascal, Or pucahrse To Bizon box And 2 Titan X Pascal, A extralergue SLI Land, and do a sli.
dennysb de - 返信
Hello Dennysb
The problem with thunderbolt 2 : its going through the PCI-2 and not the PCI-3 lanes wich are used for graphic cards so there is a bottleneck.
But the bigger problem either, is that the compatibility are not so simple. Actually connecting an external GPU to a nmp will give you an error code 12 in Windows bootcamp and there is no drivers for pascals cards in iOS for the moment. soon...with sierra
Theoretically you could do " WhatEver You Want " but sadly the true is that the nmp design is quiet "upgrade less" and you have to be a very confirmed programmer, they dont give actually the solution because programmers are fighting : http://forum.netkas.org
Or the other solution could be to adapt the hardware, which is not so clean as software re-programming, but could give the possibility to use the PCI-3 Lanes with only 1 GPU and at least had a 2nd internal PCI based flash storage to the other free PCIe3 such as the new intel ssd.
if you know a solution to really make an oGPU work on nmp tell me :-)
External GPU on Mac Pro 2013 can only use a PCIe 2.0 x4 connection for throughput and the internal GPU cannot be upgraded past D700 because the computer uses the undocumented and proprietary ~300 pin graphics board flex cable connector between the GPUs and CPU. http://www.ifixmaccomputers.com/mac-pro-...
I own the highest-end Mac Pro 2013 configuration and I can tell you its specifications going into 2018 are underwhelming without further upgrades. I had to use a custom-made dongle to upgrade the hard drive to 2 terabytes and 50% faster than Apple's best offering and I have to reverse engineer the Mac Pro myself to upgrade the internal graphics cards past the D700. The only internal components that are able to be upgraded with 3rd party solutions without reverse-engineering trade secret knowledge internal to Apple is the CPU and the RAM.
I assume, then, that, if my audio output was killed by a ground fault transient (rest of computer works fine) that I should replace the Port board…
I assume that, since ,my sound output was killed by a ground plane transient, I should consider replacing the Port board?
Everything else in the computer works fine.
Does anyone know where the built-in microphone is located and if it is replaceable?


text:
This is the fourth in a series of articles on Tight, Fat and Uncorked, the three trends I see shaping the wine industry. This week's topic is how wine is becoming increasing "uncorked" and what this implies.
If you take the "uncorked" metaphor and add it to the "box wine" reference in the title, you might reasonably assume that I'm going to talk about alternative wine packaging — boxes, bags, 1-liter tetrapak containers and so on. That would sure make sense.
But you're wrong. The box I'm talking about is big [really big] as in 20 foot ocean shipping containers holding maybe 25,000 liters of bulk wine in a "flexitank" bag.
Welcome to the New World of international wine trade — the ultimate 'uncorked' experience!
The Incredible Bulk
I've known about Big Box wine for a while — my 2009 post on "Wine's Future: It's in the Bag [in the Box]" is one of the most-read articles in Wine Economist history. But I didn't realize how big the big box wine trade had become until I received a Rabobank report titled "The Incredible Bulk: The Rise in Global Bulk Wine Trade" earlier this year.
Rabobank's report focuses on New World wine trade since 2001 and the change in the composition of wine shipments (in terms of bottled versus bulk) is dramatic. Bulk wine (the big box stuff) accounted for about 22% of New World wine exports in 2001 (the remaining 78% was shipped in bottle). By 2010 the bulk share increased to over 40% while the bottle share fell to less than 60%. That's a near doubling of the bulk wine share of New World wine trade in less than a decade, an amazing shift that is all but invisible to consumers.
Big Green Wine
What drives the shift from bottle to bulk in New World wine trade? The short answer is Big Green, but green in two ways. Green, first, in the environmental sense. Bottled wine is both heavier and bulkier than bulk wine (glass accounts for more than 40% of a standard bottle's total filled weight). All else being equal (a big assumption in wine economics) shipping wine in bulk and bottling closer to the final consumer should lower the wine's carbon footprint.
Tesco, the world's largest wine retailer, is reported to be particularly aggressive on this front with bulk wine imports being bottled in screw cap-topped lightweight glass for its high volume private label brands. (Click here to read about their very green "furnace glass" wine bottles!)
Cost is another green (as in greenback) factor and there are savings here as well. Rabobank estimates that bulk shipping yields an average cost savings of $2.25 per standard 9-liter case (they estimate total annual savings of $142,300,000 in 2010 compared with the 2001 level of bulk shipments). This is a very substantial saving for commodity wines of the type that often appear in private label brand portfolios.
The movement towards increased bulk wine exports started in the Age of Abundance, when surplus wine flooded the markets and it was important to move it as cheaply and efficiently as possible. Those days are now in the past; rising costs and tight margins are likely to make that $2.25 per case saving even more attractive to producers now, especially as they scour the world for supplies of wine (did someone say "Moscato?") to supplement scarce domestic juice.
Subtracting Value Added
For vertically integrated international wine producers, the decision to ship in bulk and bottle in the domestic market is mainly about these cost savings. They pay less to ship the wine and pay lower import excise, too, since the wine enters the country at the lower bulk value rather than a higher bottled value.
But more is at stake, as the Rabobank report notes, for wine makers who sell to third party importers. In this case bulk shipping results in a new division of value added in the supply chain, with less in the producing country and more further down the line. The impact is thus complicated: bulk wine shipment subtracts some value added in the producing country, although the lower overall cost encourages exports.
There are also relative price effects to consider. Bulk shipping increases the relative price of traditional bottled wine imports relative to bulk products, a difference that may be magnified as wholesale costs differentials are passed along through the supply chain.
Economic Impact: The Box
The standard 20-foot shipping container (a.k.a. "The Box") revolutionized international trade when it became widely adopted. It changed everything (OK, maybe not everything) because it was so much more secure and efficient than the previuosly standard "break bulk" shipping system. One of the things it changed was the scale of international transactions because the greatest economies were realized by those who could reliably fill ocean containers.
I don't think the rise of "uncorked" big box bulk wine shipments is going to change everything in the same way the ocean container did, but I do think the effects will be significant. I'll talk about this more in my next post where I consider how the world of tight, fat and uncoked wine is likely to unfold.


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Flipping through the pages of innumerable baking catalogs that all feature the same immaculately clean kitchens, state-of-the-art appliances, and flawlessly decorated cookies, even a five-year old could tell you that these images are all fake. Staged, meticulously constructed down to the very last crumb; Those cookies that look so incredible on the page could even plastic, for all we know! So why is it that despite the knowledge of this visible lie, I always work myself up into a frenzy, trying to recreate those impossibly perfect sweets? Because when a theme so powerfully tied to the season and holiday nostalgia keeps popping up, taunting me with my lack of decorating skills, well… If for no other reason, it's because I want to prove to myself that I can too decorate like the best of them.
Of course, my results fall far below that standard, but I think I'm finally making some progress in this field. To be perfectly honest, I've never actually tried icing cookies quite like this before, choosing instead to just slap different colors of goopy sugar all over dry cookies instead. That being said, I would love to give other wannabe cookie artists 10 small tips that would have been helpful to know before I got started myself! It was a long process of trial and error, but I think that there are some important lessons to be learned here, starting with…
1. Go big or go home. If you're going to go all out and make intricately decorated cookies, don't plan on making a million little morsels to stack up on a plate as gifts. Instead, make just one or two bigger cookies for each person you want to treat. It will make the cookies all the more special, not to mention create a whole lot less work for you.
2. Quality tools matter. Yes, you already know this, but it bears repeating. If you don't already have some basic metal tips and disposable pastry bags, BUY THEM. Consider it a holiday gift to yourself! I start out using a wimpy little plastic sandwich baggie, hoping to save my quickly dwindling supply of pastry bags, but I was paid back for my cheating ways quickly- The bag burst before I finished decorating even a single cookie, and a good portion of the table, floor, and myself were covered in sticky sugar icing.
3. K.I.S.S: Keep it simple, stupid. The point of going all out for intricately iced cookies is to impress your friends and loved ones with incredible patterns, but if the whole design starts to go awry, simplify. Fill in open shapes that are bleeding too much, do fewer lines if they don't end up fitting, but whatever you do, don't panic. Additionally, I would suggest starting out with easier patterns to begin with until you get the hang of it. Worst comes to worst, you'll get a couple of ugly but tasty cookies to snack on while you work.
4. Know before you go. You're raring to go, excited to get started, but put on the the brakes for just a minute and think about what you're doing. Have a picture in your mind of what you want the finished cookie to look like so you don't end up becoming a deer in the headlights with icing dripping all over the place. Envision the final outcome as a guide to your design, but don't be afraid to change it up as you go along, too.
5. Let it flow. If you're squeezing the bejebus out of our pastry bag to get a thin stream of icing, STOP, before you put someone's eye out with a blob of projectile frosting! You should only need to apply gentle pressure to the bag while twisting the extra plastic above the icing mass so that it doesn't spurt out the top. After decorating for a while, the icing will begin to harden and gunk up the tip, so make sure you keep a sewing needle or paper clip nearby to poke it clean.
6. Ice away. No, I don't mean "just go ice the darn things already," I mean, ice away from your body. I don't know about you, but when there's a giant pastry bag headed straight for me, I can't see a darn thing around it; For all I know, I could be icing the table! Stop and turn the cookie if you have to, but always make sure move the bag outwards in order to clearly see your full shape and the path you want the icing to follow.
7. Keep it up. Moving in between lines and switching over to different areas of the cookie, make sure to turn the bag of icing so that the tip is pointed upwards. Otherwise, the icing will continue to dribble all over your finished work, and everything else in a 5-foot radius. Trust me on this one.
8. Start at the beginning. Personally, I always like to start by tracing the outline of my cookie, just so I can get a better idea of the shape in the first place. Sometimes the baking process will cause the cookies to spread and distort a bit, so it helps to see exactly what shape you're working with here.
9. Take your time. I didn't have any cookie cutters here at school with me, so I ended up doing an extra step- Sculpting each and every cookie by hand (They always say that no two snowflakes are alike…) which means it took me even longer to finish. All said and done, from cutting to baking to decorating, it took me three hours to complete one dozen cookies. I know, it's a little bit crazy… But with the help of cookie cutters, I bet you can shave a good hour, hour and a half off of that. Just don't plan anything time-sensitive afterwards, okay?
10. Have fun with it. Don't stress out, this is is supposed to be an enjoyable, relaxing project after all! But you knew that I was going to say that, right?
While I certainly didn't attain the level of perfection displayed by "professionals," I'm still quite proud of my end results. Don't forget, you can also go crazy with color if you so choose- My limited supply of kitchen staples left me without dyes, so I just went with a simple, elegant while. It's all up to you… So now go forth and ice those cookies! Just don't blame me for the mess that may follow.


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There's a dilemma in the K-12 Educational Realm: to block YouTube or not to block YouTube. Parents have the same dilemma at home too. There's a lot of explicit and suggestive videos on YouTube that most teachers/parents wouldn't allow children to be exposed to. The opposite is true as well: there's a lot of fantastic content on YouTube that can help kids in the learning journey. Each school and family makes up their own rules on how to navigate this problem. However, the father and son team of Carl and Andrew Arizpe are giving us all an alternative. It's called SchoolTube. It has all the good parts of YouTube without the risks of inappropriate content. The way that SchoolTube creates this safe environment is to empower teachers to moderate the videos posted to SchoolTube by their very own students. NEAT! Like YouTube, no account is necessary to view videos and the collection of interesting clips tops over 400,000 videos at the moment. Here's one example below that provides a fun and useful introduction to the Periodic Table of Elements. Chemistry geeks will love this.
The main page of SchoolTube also contains a "Video of the Day" that is judged worthy by users. Pretty cool. Do you have any experience with SchoolTube? Are there any other advantages or disadvantages? If so, let us know by leaving a comment below.
Tuesday, September 18, 2012
SchoolTube: Learning Without the Risk of Explicit Content
Posted by Eric Tremblay at 9:37 AM 0 comments
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Another Story
Evan Sanders
Posted on December 17, 2012
When I was in kindergarten, there was this girl I had a crush on. I knew she liked me because she used to chase me around the playground. We used to play kickball and of course, as you can imagine, kindergarten romance involved "koodies" and plenty of teasing when it came to the opposite gender. I remember one day we were sitting down outside of class against the wall waiting for our parents to come and all of the sudden–she kissed me on the cheek. Woah!
Two days later, she pushed me into a rose bush that was the king of all rose bushes. I actually fell completely into this thing and was sitting there in pure pain. After pulling myself out, I had to go home because my cuts and scrapes were so bad. This is not a story about romance–although I found out at a very young age how confusing girls can be sometimes – instead, it is a story about the good that comes along with the bad.
The other day I wrote about leading a life that is absent of arrogance, but I realized I learned the lesson of not gloating for too long at a young age. There are things in life that are going to make you incredibly happy, but if you try to hold onto them too tight, eventually, you will get pushed into some thorns.
If there is something I have truly learned over the past year it has been the value of accountability. When I say this, I'm referring to accountability for the things I said I was going to do, for the way I want to act, and for my dreams. It is one of the greatest gifts you can give to yourself. The ability to follow through and act upon what you said you would is a blessing. Believe me, there are plenty of examples of false promises in the world—all you have to do is take a look at politicians to get the picture. They make their livelihoods on false promises and then blame it on the other party. Most of the time, they blatantly lie and somehow get away with it. But since we don't know the facts, we kind of just sit there clapping with no idea of what really is going on. That is probably the most you will ever hear me talk about politics… ever.
In a world full of silver linings and golden parachutes, where we award people for poor performance and give trophies to everyone even if they lose, I stand as a firm believer in competition. More than that, I believe in competing with yourself. I do believe that everyone has a chance to do something great with their lives. I also believe that people can turn things around. Finally, I believe that willpower is the only thing you need to change as an individual. Once you want it enough, you can do it. That is where the magic is—it's inside of you, and you're not going to get it from anyone else.
Evan Sanders
The Better Man Project


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July 27, 2006
Foulke and Wells Back on Monday?
Foulke will pitch for Lowell (A) Friday night and for Pawtucket (AAA) Sunday. If that goes well, the team might activate him (and David Wells?) on Monday.
If not, Foulke says: "I don't know what to do. ... It's not worth my time. It's not worth anybody's time." (Since the 2004 World Series, Foulke has allowed 88 hits and 22 walks in 77.2 innings.)
Jeff Horrigan writes that Foulke has "reworked his delivery during the past few weeks in hopes of relieving stress from the elbow. He has lengthened his stride and moved his arm farther away from his head at the start of the throwing motion."
(For their game against Vermont tomorrow night, the Lowell Spinners will rename themselves the "Mike Lowell Spinners" -- complete with new uniforms.)
Kason Gabbard is back in Pawtucket. The team will make a corresponding move tomorrow, though that pitcher (lefty Phil Seibel?) will likely be up for only the weekend. ... Boston has expressed some interest in RHP Jon Lieber, but the Phillies want either Jon Lester or Craig Hansen.
David Ortiz's 34 homers through 100 games are a club record (Jimmie Foxx had 32 in 100 games in 1932). ... In his 12-game hitting streak, Manny Ramirez is batting .500 (20-for-40).
The unofficial 2007 schedule has the Red Sox making four trips to the West Coast. Interleague play will bring the team to Arizona (for the first time) and Los Angeles (and maybe San Diego).
10 comments:
- Jack Marshall said...
The Globe goes into an analysis of what's wrong with Kyle Snyder. What's wrong? He's not a major league pitcher, that's what's wrong! Again, the lameness of a Sox sub starter didn't hurt the club, because Wake or Wells or Sandy Koufax probably would have lost that game. Still, the team can not win trotting out this caliber of starting pitcher once (or twice!) every five days.
- July 27, 2006 at 10:02 AM
- Peter N said...
True, but where have I read that before. And Keith is as unsure of his future as we are. Wish him the best? Of course!
- July 27, 2006 at 1:01 PM
- Zenslinger said...
On the trade front, some noise about a three- (or four-?) way trade with the A's and Mets? Yahoo! Sports has some teaser about it here (http://tinyurl.com/mklxe) but I don't subscribe so it wouldn't give me the goods. Anyone have them?
- July 27, 2006 at 3:33 PM
- Desert Sox said...
Actually, while I think Snyder is a guy who needs a little polishing, he has actually pitched great early in most of his starts... I have to think this guy could be a really good middle man, if nothing else.
He has four quality pitches, and out of all the pitchers I've seen on GameDay this year, he actually has thrown more low strikes right on the corners than any one else I've watched. That might not be definitive, but Snyder is too valuable to simply toss aside.
If it turns out he can't shake off his third/fourth inning funk let him take Seanez's place in the pen, I'd surely entrust a game to Snyder before I would Seanez, or Tavarez for that matter.
And seriously, the kid has had his lopsided innings, but overall he's pitched fairly well, I mean he does have two wins AND the Sox managed to score one run in each of his losses, no pitcher alive is going to thrive with that kind of run support. Besides when Jason Johnson took the fifth starter slot for a moment he perfomed not just badly but nightmarishly; he makes Kyle Snyder look like a Cy Young candidate by comparison.
- July 27, 2006 at 6:36 PM
- Jack Marshall said...
Oh please. Guys with ERAs over 7 are not pitching "really well!" Sure, I'd give him a shot as a mop-up man, but right now he's in the rotatation, which means that little problem of getting clobbered in the 4th and 5th is a bitch. It's ridiculous. If Theo can't dig up the equals of Aaron Small or Chacon like Cashman did last year, he should have stayed in the gorilla suit. I'm shocked that the amateur hour in the 5th slot has continued this long.
Rob Neyer in his on-line chat today suggested that if the Sox brass were smart they'd be considering picking up Tom Gordan and moving Papelbon to the rotation.
Gee..where have I heard THAT idea before? No, you're right...it's much better to stick with that guy with the 7.00 ERA....
- July 27, 2006 at 9:28 PM
- Zenslinger said...
Jack, I wish you would get off the fence about this Papelbon-to-the-rotation issue and just tell us how you really feel.
- July 28, 2006 at 7:25 AM
- laura k said...
Rob Neyer in his on-line chat today suggested that if the Sox brass were smart they'd be considering picking up Tom Gordan and moving Papelbon to the rotation.
Thank goodness they're not that "smart". I'll say thank you every single day for that one.
- July 28, 2006 at 8:03 AM
- Jack Marshall said...
I promise, Z...I won't mention it again after this post. I'm just right and everyone else is wrong, that's all. And it's not the first time!
An article about Papelbon in the Washington Post today references taking him out of the bullpen and says, "You don't tinker with perfection."
My response: That logic would have left Babe Ruth as the best left-handed starting pitcher in baseball.
- July 28, 2006 at 9:08 AM
- allan said...
Feel free to keep bringing it up. I'm a broken record on the media's moronic Manny-bashing, so why not ...
Let's say the club took your advice after the trade deadline passed -- August 1. What do you think would be the process, and how long would it take?
I think that the time involved in this would be detrimental to the team -- wouldn't it have to take at least a month? -- and could cause undue turmoil in the pen.
It seems moot, though, since everyone involved has said no big changes will be made this season.
I am on record as saying he should stay where he is for 2006 and then go into the rotation (depending, I suppose, on what pitchers we have next spring). The next best thing to that would be making him into a 2-3 inning closer, which would cut back on his possible appearances by one game a week, but allow him to pitch more innings.
Having the opportunity to bring him into 2-3 games a week for the 7-8-9 innings would be nice.
My response: That logic would have left Babe Ruth as the best left-handed starting pitcher in baseball.
If that had happened, he might have stayed in Boston. Which would have been good.
- July 28, 2006 at 11:50 AM
- Jack Marshall said...
Redsock: I don't think it would take any time at all, actually. Joe Black, the All-Star rookie Dodger closer in 1952, stepped into the starting rotation for the first time in the World Series and did great. Ditto Jim Konstanty, the Phillies closer in 1950, who won the team's only game as a starter in that series. Greg Harris, who was a Sox set-up man but occasionally closed, stepped into the Sox rotation in an injury crisis in 1990 and was terrific immediately, helping them make the play-offs. Heck, people forget that Luis Tiant was pitching 2-3 innings in mop-up in 1972 when he had to start in an emergency. He pitched a complete game shutout, and kept pitching them for six more years as the Sox ace. Papelbon's young and healthy and has started his whole career before this season;surely he could pitch 5 innings first time out.
In '86, the Sox were desperately in need of a closer, and Roger surely would have been a Papelbon-like solution. But everyone knew he was more valuable as a starter. Why can't people see that the same logic holds? A dominant pitcher is more valuable in the rotation than in the pen, period. Most closers CAN'T start...they are limited by stamina and pitch variety, so the issue doesn't arise very often. But this is a clear-cut case of misallocation of talent.
- July 29, 2006 at 9:43 AM


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Cristina Mariani knows what it means to have a tough act to follow. Over the past three years, the 30-year-old family proprietor of Castello Banfi has been assembling a team to succeed the estate's founders: her father and uncle, US wine merchants John and Harry Mariani.
"They created something that once seemed unimaginable," said Ms. Mariani, "and were decades ahead of their time. Our challenge is now to take that one step further."
Fathers, of course, never leave the role of counselor, and John Mariani, at 68, remains an active force behind his daughter's daily decisions for the estate. The more daunting task for the young Mariani is bidding farewell to Ezio Rivella, enologist and long-time family friend who engineered the Mariani's dream at Castello Banfi. Mr. Rivella has long been the figure most closely associated with the estate on the Italian market, but like the sage master, he has been preparing Ms. Mariani and her managers for this moment. He officially retired from his position as Managing Director in December 2000, but will remain a consulting enologist to Castello Banfi.
Ms. Mariani graduated from Washington, DC's Georgetown University and received her MBA from New York's Columbia University. She is responsible for global marketing of the estate's wines and directed a recent administrative restructuring at the winery. She is the third generation of family leadership at Banfi, along with Harry Mariani's son, her cousin James Mariani, 35, whose primary responsibility is the firm's U.S. import activities.
John and Harry Mariani succeeded their own father, who founded Banfi in 1919 to import fine wines to the US. They conceived of Castello Banfi in the mid-1960s, and within a decade purchased land in Montalcino, Tuscany to carry out their long-time dreams of a vertically integrated wine estate that combined the best elements of tradition and innovation. They started from scratch in a tradition-bound arena, and have had their crowning moment repeated with the unprecedented four-time awarding of Italy's highest honor, the Premio Gran VinItaly as International Winery of the Year, most recently in April 2000.
Castello Banfi's staff was initially culled from young local talent, void of great experience but rich in potential; as the estate grew, it attracted professionals from within the industry. Today, they have evolved into a cohesive leadership team ready to make its own mark. Rudi Buratti, 39, an enologist at Banfi since 1983, leads a winemaking team that includes Paolo Benassi, 39 and Lucio Matricardi, 31. His vineyard management counterpart, Maurizio Marmugi, 43, took over as chief agronomist in 1992. Directors like 41-year-old Remo Grassi, responsible for the estate's finances, 38-year old Carlo Marini, director of sales for Italy, and 42-year-old Elizabeth Koenig, director of hospitality, joined at the estate's inception. Newer faces, like general manager Enrico Viglierchio, 35, marketing director Rodolfo Maralli, 34, and European Sales Manager Rodrigo Redmont, 27, signed on within the last decade and bring a new mix of experience to the team. They rally around Cristina Mariani with renewed vigor and creativity. John and Harry Mariani, men of profound marketing experience and success, now play the role of mentors.
"Our young colleagues have an opportunity to rise to the top," noted John Mariani. "They are intelligent, well trained and quick to respond to market impulses. They are the future stars of the wine world."
The young managers share a vivid common goal - to confirm Castello Banfi's position as Italy's premier vineyard estate. "They are the authors," said Mr. Mariani, "who will write the sequel to the pioneering chapter in Tuscany's winemaking history."


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Deanna Pecaski McLennan
Amanda K. Riske, Catherine E. Cullicott, Amanda Mohammad Mirzaei, Amanda Jansen, and James Middleton
We introduce the Into Math Graph tool, which students use to graph how "into" mathematics they are over time. Using this tool can help teachers foster conversations with students and design experiences that focus on engagement from the student's perspective.
Sean P. Yee, George J. Roy, and LuAnn Graul
As mathematical patterns become more complex, students' conditional reasoning skills need to be nurtured so that students continue to critique, construct, and persevere in making sense of these complexities. This article describes a mathematical task designed around the online version of the game Mastermind to safely foster conditional reasoning.
Micah S. Stohlmann
An escape room can be a great way for students to apply and practice mathematics they have learned. This article describes the development and implementation of a mathematical escape room with important principles to incorporate in escape rooms to help students persevere in problem solving.
Matt Enlow and S. Asli Özgün-Koca
Equality is one of the main concepts in K–12 mathematics. Students should develop the understanding that equality is a relationship between two mathematical expressions. In this month's GPS, we share tasks asking students one main question: how do they know whether or not two mathematical expressions are equivalent?
Scott Corwin, Michelle Cascio, Katherine Emerson, Laura Henn, and Catherine Lewis
Our middle school mathematics department used lesson study to investigate how to introduce fractions division to our sixth-grade students. We highlight our learnings during the Study and Plan phases, describe our observations during the lesson, and provide tips for educators interested in using lesson study to study their own content.
Aline Abassian and Farshid Safi
This article dives into the importance of engaging students in investigating the mathematics of businesses that pressure their members to recruit new members as a basis for success, also referred to as multi-level marketing (MLM). The mathematics behind these businesses are discussed, and a sample student task is given.
Angela T. Barlow
Editor Comments for May 2020 issue
Jon Orr and Kyle Pearce
Wondering how to create a classroom culture where students don't want to stop exploring mathematics when the bell rings? We were too and that's why we teammed up to uncover how we can Make Math Moments That Matter for every student in the math classroom with a weekly podcast.
Amber G. Candela, Melissa D. Boston, and Juli K. Dixon
We discuss how discourse actions can provide students greater access to high quality mathematics. We define discourse actions as what teachers or students say or do to elicit student contributions about a mathematical idea and generate ongoing discussion around student contributions. We provide rubrics and checklists for readers to use.