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Everywhere on the Internet, we're trailed by bots that inspect our searches and social chatter, attempting to predict what we're going to buy, watch or who we might date next. But in the middle of all that commerce-friendly jibber jabber, some people are saying, in not so many words, "I am going to kill myself." What if a computer program could spot those cries for help as well?
An ambitious new study is analyzing real-time data collected from Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn accounts volunteered by veterans and active military personnel in order to develop a way to identify those who might be at risk of suicide. The Durkheim Project is a joint effort by predictive analytics firm Patterns and Predictions and the Veterans Education and Research Association of Northern New England, with support from Facebook and funding from DARPA, among others. By seeking linguistic cues from social media interaction, it may someday aid healthcare workers to identify and help patients before it's too late.
Men and women of the military are an all too rich source of research material. Everyday, 22 U.S. veterans take their own lives, an average of one every 65 minutes, according to a recent government report. In 2012, suicides among active members of the military reached 349, exceeding those killed on duty. Further, mental health experts say, the military culture makes those at risk less likely to ask for help or admit they need it.
Somewhere between the first thought of self-harm and the final act, Durkheim's project director Chris Poulin hopes to find "those subtle cues as they build up, but haven't become much of a problem that you can't change the fate," he told NBC News.
And it really is about subtlety.
"We do know factors that increase risk [of suicide], such as depression, but our best methods rely on individuals telling us," Dr. Craig J. Bryan, associate director of the National Center for Veterans Studies at the University of Utah and a Durkheim Project adviser, told NBC News. "A lot of people who die by suicide don't tell people they're thinking of it, so the difficulty is trying to figure out if there are other indicators that go around this problem of self report."
So to start with, suicidal patterns needed to be identified. Three groups were formed using 300 anonymous medical records from the Veterans Administration: patients who died of suicide, patients under psychiatric care and patients seeking medical treatment but not under any psychiatric care. From that trove of detailed doctors' notes, the project's computer scientists discovered the behavior unique to those patients who ended their lives.
Troubled relationships, debt, job loss, post-traumatic stress, health issues and alienation are common experiences for many United States veterans, as well as being risk factors suffered by many people who chose to take their own lives. But risk factors are not the same as warning signs — which can be far less obvious.
According to Poulin, the project's consulting doctors who had treated veterans were surprised not at the common behaviors — agitation, shame, self-hatred — but that a computer program could detect often subtle clues from the medical reports.
It's not a simple matter of key words, either. While the results of this study won't be published for some time, and privacy prohibits discussion of the records themselves, the project's managers point out that the initial patterns are not explainable as words that simply cropped up while cross referencing text files. "The technology is trying to find the stories within the stories," said Gregory Peterson, a Durkheim Project spokesperson. "We look for certain kinds of language, and we analyze it."
Peterson said they can already identify certain clusters of language that do raise flags, for instance, those that surround notions such as loneliness or agitation. And when multiple clusters appear, there's greater concern. But "this is not some kind of scanning technology," Peterson told NBC News. "It's far more complicated."
In the new phase of the project, the foundation established by the initial 300 patient records will be tested against a much larger population of volunteers, with data coming from a variety of apps that will continuously upload the subjects' social media and mobile phone interactions. While there's no minimum number of participants, the project hopes to enlist up to 100,000.
The accumulated social information — safeguarded by HIPAA standards of medical privacy and stored in the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth's secure onsite database — is analyzed by computer programs developed during the earlier phase. None of the data is shared with third parties, and the information is objectively safer than any stored on Facebook, OKCupid or Edward Snowden's flash drive. Similar to many medical tests, this stage is only for observation. There will be no diagnosis or intervention, though participants are welcome to drop out of the study at any time.
What goes unsaid in the Durkheim Project press release is the cold hard fact not uncommon with drug tests for cancer or other potentially fatal diseases: To get optimum results, the researchers are waiting for people to die.
"It's not a happy topic. I don't think we should back away from it just because it's taboo or so stressful," Poulin said, adding that "there's no negative intent there, no creepy objective. This is the cost of doing business in life-or-death research."
The Durkheim project takes its name from French sociologist Émile Durkheim. In 1897, Durkheim published a groundbreaking case study, "Suicide," in which he used diaries and notes of suicide victims to detect patterns, including social isolation. Similarly, Poulin's team strives to use Big Data to find words, phrases or behavior that can identify the warning signs that, within society, may even go unnoticed by the potential victim.
If those warning signs can be deciphered, it may be "possible to intervene with a narrative that is more positive, and basically changed the track of someone's life," Poulin said.
But that's a difficult proposition. Even outside the military population, doctors miss cues. A review of studies by the Mayo Clinic found approximately 44 percent of people who commit suicide visited their primary care physician, and 20 percent visited a mental health care worker in the month before their deaths.
As with people who have never served, when veterans take their lives, "there is no single reason," Bryan said, explaining that he and other researchers are learning that military service is increasingly stressful in a war that's gone on for 10 years. And once soldiers leave the military, "they return to a society that as a whole is less engaged. Many veterans don't fit in with the rest of the society. Nobody knows what they've gone through, and they begin to feel marginalized. It's when marginalization occurs that suicide risk increases."
Poulin hopes the project will eventually open to volunteers outside the military community. Groups that deal with teens and cyberbullying have already expressed interest, he said.
Dr. Lisa Horowitz, a staff scientist and clinical psychologist at the National Institute of Mental Health, isn't affiliated with the Durkheim Project, but she told NBC News she sees value in the information shared on social media.
"Social media is probably very important, especially with young people who use it as their forum to reach out to their community," she said. Nevertheless, she said, there's a danger in attempting to apply a single protocol for different groups at risk.
"With youths, the way to access suicide is to ask them directly," Horowitz said, citing a study that found adolescents prefer direct questions. "The majority of suicides tend to be committed by older men, and they have a tendency to deny suicide if you ask them directly."
So what works for the military will likely not apply to civilians, but the research — much like social media itself — is still so new that the possibilities themselves are yet to be discovered. "Just because it's complicated and these different groups are so varied doesn't mean there's no solution," Horowitz said. "It just means we have to be careful not to create one prevention style that's meant to work for everybody."
Helen A.S. Popkin is Deputy Tech & Science Editor at NBCNews.com. You can find her on Twitter and Facebook.
Warning signs of suicide
The more of these signs a person shows, the greater the risk. Warning signs are associated with suicide but may not be what causes a suicide.
- Looking for a way to kill oneself.
- Talking about feeling hopeless or having no purpose.
- Talking about feeling trapped or in unbearable pain.
- Talking about being a burden to others.
- Increasing the use of alcohol or drugs.
- Acting anxious, agitated or recklessly.
- Sleeping too little or too much.
- Withdrawing or feeling isolated.
- Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge.
- Displaying extreme mood swings.
What to do if someone you know exhibits warning signs of suicide
- Do not leave the person alone.
- Remove any firearms, alcohol, drugs or sharp objects that could be used in a suicide attempt.
- Call the U.S. National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-TALK (8255).
- Take the person to an emergency room or seek help from a medical or mental health professional.
— Information provided courtesy of the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention.


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Two weeks ago, the newly furbished Palazzo Fendi was officially opened, with a grand reception just a couple of days after the women's shows concluded. Fendi flew in a large group of fashion individuals on a private jet, and also called upon several friends of the brand to join Karl Lagerfeld, Silvia Fendi and Pietro Beccari as well as the Arnault family to discover the new retail headquarters of the brand.
Silvia Venturini Fendi, Karl Lagerfeld, Bernard Arnault and Pietro Beccari
The Palazzo represents a unique setup by Fendi, spread over six storeys in its main building with a separate section for menswear and kids. In the building, two floors are dedicated to retail, one private space for special guests of the brand, as well as a boutique hotel and a restaurant at the top floor, Zuma. The retail arena was designed by Gwenael Nicolas, while the hotel was designed by Dimore Studios.
The façade of the Palazzo Fendi
Nicolas explained that the choice of the materials in the creation of this store, which really does embody its DNA are all unique to it. "The use of colours in each room, each with its own ambience and style are particular to this palazzo. Rome is very powerful, it's surprising and you sometimes will see things that are constrasting together." An example is the intarsiad floor with Calacutta or Marquina marble, while the staircase is in red Lepanto marble, which Nicolas describes as "the sense of flowing lava that cascades down the stairs".
The men's retail area in the Palazzo Fendi
What's truly exciting is the Fendi Private Suites, a series of seven rooms which can be booked, that's just above the retail store and sits between that and Zuma. The suites, which are lavishly decorated in Fendi Casa and are beautifully elegant, are available for reservation by anyone, though we suspect Fendi frequent buyers will probably have first dips, along with special friends of the brand. Rooms start from 650 Euros a night, excluding taxes, so it's a fair deal considering the quality of the space. Plus, you're right on the Via Corso, just before the Spanish Steps and practically adjacent to all the key highlights of Rome from the Trevi Fountain to the Pantheon.
Check out the video of the official launch of the Palazzo, and an interview with Karl Lagerfeld and Sylvia Fendi on the new collection.

subset: commoncrawl


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|Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Geographic - All Periods| ▸ |Anatolia| ▸ |Lydia| ▸ |Hypaepa||View Options: | | |
Ancient Coins of Hypaepa, Lydia
Hypaepa, Lydia was on the route between Sardis and Ephesus, 42 miles from Ephesus, near the north bank of the Cayster River. The ruins are close to the present-day village of Gunluce, Turkey, 4 km NW of Odemis. According to myth, the women of Hypaepa received the gift of a form of dance from Aphrodite and Hypaepa was the home of Arachne before she became a spider. The Persian goddess Anahita, later called Artemis Anaitis, was worshiped as at Hypaepa. An inscription from the synagogue of Sardis indicates a Jewish community in Hypaepa. In 88 B.C., Hypaepa rebelled against Mithridates VI of Pontus and was severely punished. Under Tiberius it was a candidate to receive a temple dedicated to worship of the emperor, but was rejected as too insignificant. To judge by the number of Byzantine churches that it contained, Hypaepa flourished under the Byzantine Empire.


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This monthly program delivers a series of 2½ hour, non-live fire Applied Tactical Shooting (ATS) courses which present and exercise tactical shooting skills, tactics, techniques, and mindset. As a consistent ongoing series, students will be able to learn new skills as well as maintain and hone existing ones. The program is appropriate for any level of shooter, from the complete novice to the experienced operator.
See the full ATS course description in our Applied Tactics training course catalog.
Click here for the 5 Class Pack registration.


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Welcome to Dragon Cave! Dragon Cave is an online adoptables game. Collect eggs, raise them to adulthood, and then breed them to create interesting lineages. New dragons are added regularly!
Pargulus Pygmies can often be found tending to plants and foraging for food. They like to care for other living things, be it plant or animal, and will often leave the food from their foraging trips outside the dens of those who need it or even just those they think could use a treat. These colorful little dragons are especially attentive to anyone who might be struggling to find food themselves, such as the elderly, the sick, or the very young. Pargulus pygmies have a surprisingly large range considering their small size. They have been known to travel far and wide to find food to bring back to their friends.
Dragons are highly-intelligent reptilian creatures that—from a human perspective, at least—appear to live forever. Many different varieties of dragon exist, each with their own unique qualities, habitats, and behavior. Adolescence in dragons is usually marked by the growth of a hatchling's wings, although not all breeds of dragons grow wings and some breeds have other traits that indicate the beginning of maturation. In Galsreim, dragons and humans coexist peacefully.
Pygmy dragons are the smallest category of dragons, being on the same scale as domesticated animals. They are often found around concentrated populations of dragons, relying on their larger brethren to ward away potential predators and leave scraps. As such, the majority of a pygmy's diet is scavenged. Due to their tiny size, pygmies do not breed with larger varieties of dragons.


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The CT300 is a 2D magnetic sensor with an angular error well below 0.5°
Santa Clara, California, November 6, 2018 – Crocus Technology Inc., a leading supplier of disruptive Tunnel Magneto-Resistance (TMR) sensors, today announces the CT300 device, a new break-through TMR-based angular (2D) magnetic sensor with an extremely low angular error and high stability over a wide temperature and voltage ranges to address a variety of markets.
The CT300 is designed using Crocus's revolutionary Magnetic Logic Unit™ (MLU™) technology and consists of two full-bridge magnetic resistor networks capable of two-dimensional sensing. In the presence of a rotating magnetic field, the CT300 senses the field and produces two sets of differential signals representing the sine (SIN) and cosine (COS) waveforms. Once the differential signals of the CT300 are processed and compensated, the resulting angular error will be at or below 0.5° over a temperature range of -40°C to +150°C. A single CT300 can measure the absolute angle resulting from a full 360° rotation and can sense magnetic fields ranging from 20 mT to 80 mT.
"The CT300 is a high-performance TMR angular position sensor that showcases the strength of our MLU technology. It will help our customers achieve both higher accuracy measurements and stable performance over the operating range of temperatures and fields for applications that require a precise angular position, rotation direction, and speed information" states Zack Deiri, CSMO and GM of Sensor Products at Crocus Technology. "The CT300 exceeds the performance metrics of competing solutions in terms of angular error combined with very low noise, high frequency response, and low power consumption which makes the device ideal for, but not limited to, battery operated consumer hand-held devices and IoT applications."
The CT300 addresses the demands of the consumer, industrial, medical and automotive markets and is highly suited for applications such as OIS (Optical Image Stabilization)/AF (Auto-Focus)- enabled camera modules, optical encoders, BLDC motor control, IoT enabled smart devices and appliances, automation equipment, industrial controls and robotics where precise angular position measurements are required.
CT300 is available in wafer/KGD (Known-Good-Die), an 8-lead TSSOP package, and in an ultra- low profile and small form factor 8-lead DFN package. Samples will be available in December 2018 and fully qualified for production in the first quarter (Q1) of 2019.
About Crocus Technology
Crocus Technology develops and supplies magnetic sensors and embedded memory solutions based on its patented TMR sensor technology, the Magnetic Logic Unit™ (MLU™). Crocus's magnetic sensors bring significant advantages to industrial and consumer electronic applications requiring high sensitivity, stable temperature performance, low power and low cost. Crocus is headquartered in Santa Clara, California and has offices in Grenoble, France and Beijing and Shenzhen, China. For more information, please visit https://mayagrafix.com/crocus.
© 2018 Crocus Technology International Corp. All rights reserved. Crocus Technology, MLU, and combinations thereof are trademarks of Crocus Technology Inc. and Crocus Technology SA. Other names are for informational purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective owners
For more information, please contact:
- Wayne Seto
- Crocus Technology
- Tel: +1-408-380-8316
- Email: [email protected]


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In order to let things cool down from their latest heist, Popeye and his group of thieves go to Macau on a job. But the mastermind behind this job is none other than Popeye's old partner Macau Park, who escaped with 68kg of gold several years ago on their last job together. Macau Park brought Chinese thieves as well but little did they know what Macau Park planned for each one of them. His plan takes an unexpected turn when Popeye brings Pepsi, a genius safe-cracker and old flame of Macau Park, to settle the old score. The thieves' target is a $20 million diamond known as 'Tear of the Sun', kept safely away in a casino, brought there to be sold by a notorious Chinese fence. While working together to steal this fabled diamond, they all have their own agenda to keep the diamond for themselves. But who will succeed and live to see another day? —wikipedia
Release Date: July 25, 2012 (South Korea)
Shooting Location: Seoul, South Korea
Run time: 2 hours 15 minutes


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UConn beats Butler for national title
The only thing that could stop Kemba Walker and Connecticut's amazing run was the final buzzer.
On a night when the massive arena felt like a dusty old gym, UConn made Butler look like the underdog it really was, winning the national championship Monday night with an old-fashioned, grinding 53-41 beatdown of the Bulldogs.
Walker finished with 16 points for the Huskies (32-9), who won their 11th straight game since closing the regular season with a 9-9 Big East record that foreshadowed none of this.
They closed it out with a defensive showing for the ages, holding Butler to a 12-for-64 shooting. That's 18.8 percent, the worst ever in a title game, which made for an ugly overall night but turned into the kind of game a grizzled old coach like Jim Calhoun could love.
At age 68, he became the oldest coach to win the NCAA championship and joined John Wooden, Adolph Rupp, Mike Krzyzewski and Bob Knight as only the fifth coach to win three NCAA titles.
''It may be the happiest moment of my life,'' Calhoun said.
Calhoun designed this win by accepting the reality that the rim was about as wide as a pancake on a defensive-minded night in Houston, by making his players pound the ball inside and insisting on the kind of defense that UConn played during this remarkable run, but which often got overshadowed by Walker's theatrics.
''The halftime speech was rather interesting,'' Calhoun said. ''The adjustment was we were going to out-will them and outwork them.''
Connecticut outscored Butler by an amazing 26-2 in the paint. The Bulldogs (28-10), in their second straight title game and hoping to put the closing chapter on the ultimate ''Hoosiers'' story, went a mind-numbing 13 minutes, 26 seconds in the second half making only one field goal.
During that time, a 25-19 lead turned into a 41-28 deficit. This for a team that never trailed Duke by more than six during last year's epic final.
That time, Gordon Hayward's desperation halfcourt heave bounced off the backboard and rim, barely missing. This time, UConn was celebrating before the buzzer sounded, Calhoun pumping his fists and hugging an assistant while the Huskies ran to the sideline and soaked in the confetti.
The version of ''Hoosiers'' with the happy ending is still available on DVD.
UConn, meanwhile, gets the real celebration.
Joining Walker in double figures were Jeremy Lamb with 12 points, including six during UConn's pullaway run, and Alex Oriakhi with 11 points and 11 rebounds.
Just as impressive were the stats UConn piled up on defense. Four steals and 10 blocks, including four each by Oriakhi and Roscoe Smith, and a total clampdown of Butler's biggest stars, Matt Howard and Shelvin Mack. Howard went 1 for 13 and Mack went 4 for 15.
Butler's 41 points were 10 points fewer than the worst showing in the shot-clock era in a championship game. (Michigan scored 51 in a loss to Duke in 1992), and the 18.8 percent shooting broke a record that had stood since 1941.
It's been a rough year for the Huskies and their coaching lifer, whose season was tarnished by an NCAA investigation that found Calhoun failed to create an atmosphere of compliance in the program. He admitted he wasn't perfect and has begrudgingly accepted the three-game suspension he'll have to serve when the Big East regular season starts next year.
Then again, given this performance, it's clear UConn does its best work when it's all-or-nothing, one-and-done.
Counting three wins at the Maui Invitational, Connecticut finished 14-0 in tournament games this year - including an unprecedented five-wins-in-five-nights success at the Big East tournament, then six games - two each week - in the one that really counts, one of the most unpredictable versions of March Madness ever.
It closed with 11th-seeded VCU in the Final Four and with eighth-seeded Butler joining the 1985 Villanova team as the highest seed to play in a championship game.
Villanova won that game by taking the air out of the ball and upsetting Georgetown.
Butler tried to do it in a most un-Butler way - by running a little and jacking up 3s.
Didn't work, and when the Bulldogs tried later to make baskets in the paint, it really looked like there was a lid there. During their dry spell, Howard, Garrett Butcher and Andrew Smith all missed open shots from under the bucket. It just wasn't their day.


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Glimpses of the 6th Annual Perioperative & Critical Care Transesophageal Workshop, organised by Dr. G. D. Puri, at PGIMER, Chandigarh, 24-26 February 2012.
During the continuous three-day session, close to 45 doctors received hands-on training with our Edge® & M-Turbo® ultrasound systems. All workshops could be viewed live online.
Workshop Highlights:
- First Day: Surgery performed using our system with TEE transducer. There was a hands-on session in the OT as well.
- Second Day: The workshop was conducted with the innovative new Edge. The doctor operating on the patient was pleased with the ultrasound system.
- Third Day: A hands-on session was conducted using the M-Turbo on two patients.
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"Man is by nature a social animal"
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Happy Victorious Thursday! Today's Daily Word is dedicated to claiming your victory! Life has always been and will always be exactly what you make it! We will always have winners and losers in the game of life, and the difference between the two are those who think they can and those who think they can't! Some of us don't realize that a battle is usually won way before the battle has really even started!! It begins in your mind and those who are prepared mentally whether it be through practice or self-confidence are those who eventually win! CLAIM YOUR VICTORY!! In order to be a winner, you must begin to act like a winner, talk like a winner, and be a winner way before it actually comes to fruition! You get out of life exactly what you expect, so expect Victory and Victory will be yours!!! NOTHING CAN STOP YOU EXCEPT YOU!!! GET OUT OF YOUR WAY AND GET WHAT YOU DESERVE!! -Ash'Cash "We find what we expect to find, and we receive what we ask for." -Elbert Hubbard "Whatever we expect with confidence becomes our own self-fulfilling prophecy." -Brian Tracy "Expect victory and you make victory." -Preston Bradley "If you can accept losing, you can't win." -Vince Lombardi "Regardless of how you feel inside, always try to look like a winner. Even if you are behind, a sustained look of control and confidence can give you a mental edge that results in victory." -Arthur Ashe "To move ahead you need to believe in yourself...have conviction in your beliefs and the confidence to execute those beliefs." -Adlin Sinclair "Success means doing the best we can with what we have. Success is the doing, not the getting; in the trying, not the triumph. Success is a personal standard, reaching for the highest that is in us, becoming all that we can be." -Zig Ziglar "Today marks the start of a brave new future filled with all your dreams can hold. Think truly to the future and make those dreams come true." -Unknown
Ash'Cash is a Business Consultant, Motivational Speaker, Financial Expert and the author of Mind Right, Money Right: 10 Laws of Financial Freedom. For more information, please visit his website, www.IamAshCash.com.


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314Homily XII.
Colossians iv. 12, 13
"Epaphras, who is one of you, a servant of Christ Jesus, saluteth you, always striving for you in his prayers, that ye may stand perfect and fully assured in all the will of God. For I bear him witness, that he hath much zeal901901 [Correct text of N.T., as in Rev. Ver., "much labor."—J.A.B.] for you, and for them in Laodicea, and for them in Hierapolis."
In the commencement of this Epistle also, he commended this man for his love; for even to praise is a sign of love; thus in the beginning he said, "Who also declared unto us your love in the Spirit." (Col. i. 8.) To pray for one is also a sign of love, and causeth love again. He commends him moreover in order to open a door to his teachings, for reverendness in the teacher is the disciples' advantage; and so again is his saying,902902 Ed. Par. [and Field] conj. τῷ for τὸ, "again (he commends him) by saying." "one of you," in order that they might pride themselves upon the man, as producing such men. And he saith, "always striving for you in prayers." He said not simply "praying," but "striving," trembling and fearing. "For I bear him witness," he saith, "that he hath much zeal for you." A trustworthy witness. "That he hath," he saith, "much zeal for you," that is, that he loveth you exceedingly; and burneth with passionate affection for you. "And them in Laodicea, and them in Hierapolis." He commendeth him to those also. But whence were they to know this? They would assuredly have heard; however, they would also learn it when the Epistle was read. For he said, "Cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans." "That ye may stand perfect," he saith. At once he both accuseth them, and without offensiveness gives them advice and counsel. For it is possible both to be perfect, and withal not to stand, as if one were to know all, and still be wavering; it is possible also not to be perfect, and yet to stand, as if one were to know a part, and stand [not903903 Hales seems right in expunging this word; otherwise the sense is "though not." [Omitted in one ms. and in Field.—J.A.B.]] firmly. But this man prayeth for both: "That ye may stand perfect," he saith. See how again he has reminded them of what he said about the Angels, and about life. "And fully assured," he saith, "in all the will of God." It is not enough, simply to do His will. He that is "filled," suffereth not any other will to be within him, for if so, he is not wholly filled. "For I bear him witness," he saith, "that he hath much zeal." Both "zeal," and "great"; both are intensitive. As he saith himself, when writing to the Corinthians, "For I am jealous904904 [The Greek word means both zealous and jealous. In fact, the English word "jealous" is only a corrupt form of "zealous."—J.A.B.] over you with a godly jealousy." (2 Cor. xi. 2.)
Ver. 14. "Luke, the beloved physician, saluteth you." This is the Evangelist. It is not to lower this man that he placeth him after, but to raise the other, viz. Epaphroditus. It is probable that there were others called by this name.905905 i.e. Luke. Perhaps "and Demas" should come after the next clause. [It is evident that we have here only rough notes, dictated, or more likely, taken in shorthand.—J.A.B.] "And Demas," he says. After saying, "Luke, the physician, saluteth you," he added, "the beloved." And no small praise is this, but even great exceedingly, to be beloved of Paul.
Ver. 15. "Salute the brethren that are in Laodicea, and Nymphas, and the Church that is in their house."
See how he cements, and knits them together with one another, not by salutation only, but also by interchanging his Epistles. Then again he pays a compliment by addressing him individually. And this he doth not without a reason, but in order to lead the others also to emulate his zeal. For it is not a small thing not to be numbered with the rest. Mark further how he shows the man to be great, seeing his house was a church.
Ver. 14. "And when this Epistle hath been read among you, cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans." I suppose there are some of the things therein written, which it was needful that those also should hear. And they would have the greater advantage of recognizing their own errors in the charges brought against others.
"And that ye also read the Epistle from Laodicea." Some say that this is not Paul's to them, but theirs to Paul, for he said not that to the Laodiceans, but that written "from Laodicea."
Ver. 17. "And say to Archippus, Take heed to the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord, that thou fulfill it." Wherefore doth he not write to him? Perhaps he needed it not, but only a bare reminding, so as to be more diligent.
Ver. 18. "The salutation of me, Paul, with mine own hand." This is a proof of their sincerity and affection; that they both looked at his handwriting, and that with emotion. "Remember my bonds." Wonderful! How great the consolation! For this is enough to cheer them on to all things, and make them bear them315selves more nobly in their trials; but he made them not only the braver, but also the more nearly interested. "Grace be with you. Amen."
It is great praise, and greater than all the rest, his saying of Epaphras, "who is [one] of you, a servant of Christ."906906 [The two following paragraphs go again over the ground of the preceding. Are they notes taken by two hearers, or notes made by the preacher for two occasions? Or does he return and run over the passage again, to see what further remarks it will suggest? The latter seems to be the case in a good many of the Homilies on Acts. Comp. above, on Hom. xi.—J.A.B.] And he calleth him a minister for them, like as he termeth himself also a minister of the Church, as when he saith, "Whereof I Paul was made a minister." (Col. i. 23.) To the same dignity he advances this man; and above he calleth him a "fellow-servant" (Col. i. 7.), and here, "a servant." "Who is of you," he saith, as if speaking to a mother, and saying, "who is of thy womb." But this praise might have gendered envy; therefore he commendeth him not from these things only, but also from what had regard to themselves; and so he does away with envy, both in the former place, and here. "Always," he saith, "striving for you," not now only, whilst with us, to make a display; nor yet only whilst with you, to make a display before you. By saying, "striving," he hath showed his great earnestness. Then, that he might not seem to be flattering them, he added, "that he hath much zeal for you, and for them in Laodicea, and for them in Hierapolis." And the words, "that ye may stand perfect," are not words of flattery, but of a reverend teacher. Both "fully assured" he saith, "and perfect." The one he granted them, the other he said was lacking. And he said not, "that ye be not shaken," but, "that ye may stand." Their being saluted, however, by many, is refreshing to them, seeing that not only their friends from among themselves; but others also, remember them.
"And say to Archippus, Take heed to the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord." His chief aim is to subject them to him907907 i.e. Archippus. entirely. For they could no more have complaint against him for rebuking them, when they themselves had taken it all upon them; for it is not reasonable to talk to the disciples about the teacher. But to stop their mouths, he writes thus to them; "Say to Archippus," he saith, "Take heed." This word is everywhere used to alarm; as when he saith, "Take heed of dogs." (Philip. iii. 2.) "Take heed lest there shall be any one that maketh spoil of you." (Col. ii. 8.) "Take heed lest by any means this liberty of yours become a stumblingblock to the weak." (1 Cor. viii. 9.) And he always so expresses himself when he would terrify. "Take heed," he saith, "to the ministry which thou hast received in the Lord, that thou fulfill it." He doth not even allow him the power of choosing, as he saith himself, "For if I do this of mine own will, I have a reward: but if not of mine own will, I have a stewardship entrusted to me." (1 Cor. ix. 17.) "That thou fulfill it," continually using diligence. "Which thou hast received in the Lord, that thou fulfill it." Again, the word "in" means "through the Lord." He gave it thee, says he, not we. He subjects them also to him,908908 i.e. Archippus. when he shows that they had been committed to his hands by God.
"Remember my bonds. Grace be with you. Amen." He hath released their terror. For although their teacher be in bonds, yet "grace" releaseth him. This too is of grace, the granting him to be put in bonds. For hear Luke saying, The Apostles returned "from the presence of the council, rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer dishonor for the Name." (Acts v. 41.) For both to suffer shame, and to be put in bonds, is indeed to be "counted worthy." For, if he that hath one whom he loveth, deemeth it gain to suffer aught for his sake, much rather then is it so to suffer for the sake of Christ. Repine we not then at our tribulations for Christ's sake, but let us also remember Paul's bonds, and be this our incitement. For instance: dost thou exhort any to give to the poor for Christ's sake? Remind them of Paul's bonds, and bemoan thy misery and theirs, seeing that he indeed gave up even his body to bonds for His sake, but thou wilt not give a portion even of thy food. Art thou lifted up because of thy good deeds? Remember Paul's bonds, that thou hast suffered nought of that kind, and thou wilt be lifted up no more. Covetest thou any of the things that are thy neighbor's? Remember Paul's bonds, and thou wilt see how unreasonable it is, that whilst he was in perils, thou shouldest be in delights. Again, is thine heart set upon self-indulgence? Picture to thy mind Paul's prison-house; thou art his disciple, his fellow-soldier. How is it reasonable, that thy fellow-soldier should be in bonds, and thou in luxury? Art thou in affliction? Dost thou deem thyself forsaken? Hear Paul's bonds,909909 [So in all the mss. known to Field. Notice how jejune is the correction, "words," which went into the printed editions.—J.A.B.] and thou wilt see, that to be in affliction is no proof of being forsaken. Wouldest thou wear silken robes? Remember Paul's bonds; and these things will appear to thee more worthless than the filth-bespattered rags of her that sitteth apart.910910 [This also is wanting in the editions, but found in the mss., and indeed quite in Chrys.'s manner. See Isa. lxiv. 6.—J.A.B.] Wouldest thou array thee with golden trinkets? Picture to thy mind Paul's bonds, and these things will seem to thee no better than a withered bulrush. Wouldest thou tire thine hair, and be beautiful to see? Think 316of Paul's squalidness within that prison-house, and thou wilt burn for that beauty, and deem this the extreme of ugliness, and wilt groan bitterly through longing for those bonds. Wouldest thou daub thee with pastes and pigments, and such like things? Think of his tears: a three-years space, night and day, he ceased not to weep. (Acts xx. 31.) With this adorning deck thy cheek; these tears do make it bright. I say not, that thou weep for others, (I wish indeed it could be even so, but this is too high for thee,) but for thine own sins I advise thee to do this. Hast thou ordered thy slave to be put in bonds, and wast thou angry, and exasperated? Remember Paul's bonds, and thou wilt straightway stay thine anger; remember that we are of the bound, not the binders, of the bruised in heart, not the bruisers. Hast thou lost self-control, and shouted loud in laughter? Think of his lamentations, and thou wilt groan; such tears will show thee brighter far. Seest thou any persons rioting and dancing? Remember his tears. What fountain has gushed forth so great streams as those eyes did tears? "Remember my tears" (Acts xx. 31.), he saith, as here "bonds." And with reason he spoke thus to them, when he sent for them from Ephesus to Miletus. For he was then speaking to teachers. He demands of those therefore, that they should sympathize911911 [This συναλγεῖν was changed in most mss. and the editions into συνάγειν, "gather together." Hales conjectured συναλγεῖν. Field finds it in a ms. The other is indeed the more difficult reading, and likely to have been altered into an easy one, but the difficulty in this case becomes practically unintelligible.—J.A.B.] also, but of these that they should only encounter dangers.
What fountain wilt thou compare to these tears? That in Paradise, which watereth the whole earth? But thou wilt have mentioned nothing like it. For this fount of tears watered souls, not earth. If one were to show us Paul bathed in tears, and groaning, would not this be better far to see, than countless choirs gayly crowned? I am not now speaking of you; but, if one, having pulled away from the theater and the stage some wanton fellow, burning and drunken with carnal love, were to show him a young virgin in the very flower of her age, surpassing her fellows, both in other respects, and in her face more than the rest of her person, having an eye, tender and soft, that gently resteth, and gently rolleth, moist, mild, calmly smiling, and arrayed in much modesty and much grace, fringed with dark lashes both under and over, having an eyeball, so to speak, alive, a forehead radiant; underneath, again, a cheek shaded to exact redness, lying smooth as marble, and even; and then any one should show me Paul weeping; leaving that maiden, I would have eagerly sprung away to the sight of him; for from his eyes there beamed spiritual beauty. For that other transporteth the souls of youths, it scorcheth and inflameth them; but this, on the contrary, subdueth them. This maketh the eyes of the soul more beauteous, it curbeth the belly: it filleth with the love of wisdom, with much sympathy: and it is able to soften even a soul of adamant. With these tears the Church is watered, with these souls are planted; yea, though there be fire sensible and substantial, yet can these tears quench it; these tears quench the fiery darts of the wicked one.
Remember we then these tears of his, and we shall laugh to scorn all present things. These tears did Christ pronounce blessed, saying, "Blessed are they that mourn, and blessed are they that weep, for they shall laugh." (Matt. v. 4; Luke vi. 21.) Such tears did Isaiah too, and Jeremiah weep; and the former said, "Leave me alone, I will weep bitterly" (Isa. xxii. 4, Sept.): and the latter, "Who will give my head water, and mine eyes fountains of tears?" (Jer. ix. 1.); as though the natural fount were not enough.
Nothing is sweeter than these tears; sweeter are they than any laughter. They that mourn, know how great consolation it possesseth. Let us not think this a thing to be deprecated, but one to be even exceedingly prayed for; not that others may sin, but that, when they sin, we may be heart-broken for them. Remember we these tears, these bonds. Surely too upon those bonds tears descended; but the death of the perishing, of those that had bound him in them, suffered him not to taste the pleasure of the bonds. For in their behalf he grieved, being a disciple of Him that bewept the priests of the Jews; not because they were going to crucify Him, but because they were themselves perishing. And He doeth not this Himself alone, but He thus exhorteth others also, saying, "Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for Me." (Luke xxiii. 28.) These eyes saw Paradise, saw the third heaven: but I count not them so blessed because of this sight, as because of those tears, through which they saw Christ. Blessed, indeed, was that sight; for he himself even glories in it, saying, "Have I not seen Jesus Christ our Lord?" (1 Cor. ix. 1.); but more blessed so to weep.
In that sight many have been partakers, and those who have not so been, Christ the rather calls blessed, saying, "Blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed" (John xx. 29.); but unto this not many have attained. For if to stay here for Christ's sake were more needful than to depart to Him (Philip. i. 23, 24.), for the sake of the salvation of others; surely then to groan for others' sakes, is more needful even than to see Him. For if for His sake to be in 317hell,912912 See St. Chrysostom on Rom. ix. 3, where he says the wish was "to be separated from His presence, not from His love." is rather to be desired, than to be with Him; and to be separated from Him for His sake more to be desired than to be with Him, (for this is what he said, "For I could wish that I myself were anathema from Christ" (Rom. ix. 3.), much more is weeping for His sake. "I ceased not," he saith, "to admonish everyone with tears." (Acts xx. 31.) Wherefore? Not fearing the dangers; no; but as if one sitting by a sick man's side, and not knowing what would be the end, should weep for affection, fearing lest he should lose his life; so too did he; when he saw any one diseased, and could not prevail by rebuke, he thenceforward wept. So did Christ also, that happily they might reverence His tears: thus, one sinned, He rebuked him; the rebuked spat upon Him, and sprang aloof; He wept, that haply He might win him even so.
Remember we these tears: thus let us bring up our daughters, thus our sons; weeping when we see them in evil. As many women as wish to be loved, let them remember Paul's tears, and groan: as many of you as are counted blest, as many as are in bridal chambers, as many as are in pleasure, remember these; as many as are in mourning, exchange tears for tears. He mourned not for the dead; but for those that were perishing whilst alive. Shall I tell of other tears? Timothy also wept; for he was this man's disciple; wherefore also when writing to him he said, "Remembering thy tears, that I may be filled with joy." (2 Tim. i. 4.) Many weep even from pleasure. So it is also a matter of pleasure, and that of the utmost intensity. So the tears are not painful: yea, the tears that flow from such sorrow are even better far than those due to worldly pleasure. Hear the Prophet saying, "The Lord hath heard the voice of my weeping, he hath heard the voice of my supplication." (Ps. vi. 8.) For where is the tear not useful? in prayers? in exhortations? We get them an ill name, by using them not to what they are given us for. When we entreat a sinning brother, we ought to weep, grieving and groaning; when we exhort any one, and he giveth us no heed, but goeth on perishing, we ought to weep. These are the tears of heavenly wisdom. When however one is in poverty, or bodily disease, or dead, not so; for these are not things worthy of tears.
As then we gain an ill name for laughter also, when we use it out of season; so too do we for tears, by having recourse to them unseasonably. For the virtue of each thing then discovers itself when it is brought to its own fitting work, but when to one that is alien, it doth no longer so. For instance, wine is given for cheerfulness, not drunkenness, bread for nourishment, sexual intercourse for the procreation of children. As then these things have gained an ill name, so also have tears. Be there a law laid down, that they be used in prayers and exhortations only, and see how desirable a thing they will become. Nothing doth so wipe out sins, as tears. Tears show even this bodily countenance beautiful; for they win the spectator to pity, they make it respected in our eyes. Nothing is sweeter than tearful eyes. For this is the noblest member we have, and the most beautiful, and the soul's own. And therefore we are so bowed therewith, as though we saw the soul itself lamenting.
I have not spoken these things without a reason; but in order that ye may cease your attendance at weddings, at dancings, at Satanical performances. For see what the devil hath invented. Since nature itself hath withheld women from the stage, and the disgraceful things enacted there, he hath introduced into the women's apartment the furniture of the theater, I mean, wanton men and harlots. This pestilence the custom of marriages hath introduced, or rather, not of marriages, far be it, but of our own silliness. What is it thou doest, O man? Dost thou not know what thou art at? Thou marriest a wife for chastity, and procreation of children; what then mean these harlots? That there may be, one answereth, greater gladness. And yet is not this rather madness? Thou insultest thy bride, thou insultest the women that are invited. For if they are delighted with such proceedings, the thing is an insult. If to see harlots acting indecorously conferreth any honor, wherefore dost thou not drag thy bride also thither, that she too may see? It is quite indecent and disgraceful to introduce into one's house lewd fellows and dancers, and all that Satanic pomp.
"Remember," he saith, "my bonds." Marriage is a bond, a bond ordained of God, a harlot is a severing and a dissolving. It is permitted you to embellish marriage with other things, such as full tables, and apparel. I do not cut off these things, lest I should seem to be clownish to an extreme; and yet Rebecca was content with her veil913913 θέριστρον, "summer robe." only (Gen. xxiv. 65.); still I do not cut them off. It is permitted you to embellish and set off marriage with apparel, with the presence of reverend men and reverend women. Why introducest thou those mockeries?914914 ἐπιχάρματα, subjects of rejoicing for the enemy. why those monsters? Tell us what it is thou hearest from them? What? dost thou blush to tell? Dost thou blush, and yet force them to do it? If it is honorable, wherefore dost thou not do it thyself as well? but if disgraceful, wherefore dost thou compel another? 318Everything should be full of chasteness, of gravity, of orderliness; but I see the reverse, people frisking like camels and mules. For the virgin, her chamber915915 θάλαμος, which is used for any retired chamber. is the only befitting place. "But," saith one, "she is poor." Because she is poor, she ought to be modest also; let her have her character in the place of a fortune. Has she no dowry to give with herself? Then why dost thou make her otherwise contemptible through her life and manners? I praise the custom, that virgins attend to do honor to their fellow; matrons attend to do honor to her who is made one of their order. Rightly hath this been ordered. For these are two companies, one of virgins, the other of the married; the one are giving her up, the other receiving her. The bride is between them, neither virgin, nor wife, for she is coming forth from those, and entering into the fellowship of these. But those harlots, what mean they? They ought to hide their faces when marriage is celebrated; they ought to be dug into the earth, (for harlotry is the corruption of marriage,) but we introduce them at our marriages. And, when ye are engaged in any work, ye count it ill-omened to speak even a syllable of what is adverse to it; for instance, when thou sowest, when thou drawest off the wine from thy vats, thou wouldest not, even if asked, utter a syllable about vinegar; but here, where the object is chasteness, introduce ye the vinegar? for such is an harlot. When ye are preparing sweet ointment, ye suffer nought ill-scented to be near. Marriage is a sweet ointment. Why then introducest thou the foul stench of the dunghill into the preparation of thy ointment? What sayest thou? Shall the virgin dance, and yet feel no shame before her fellow? For she ought to have more gravity than the other; she hath at least come forth from the [nurse's] arm, and not from the palæstra. For the virgin ought not to appear publicly at all at a marriage.
Seest thou not how in kings' houses, the honored are within, about the king, the unhonored without? Do thou too be within about the bride. But remain in the house in chasteness, expose not thy virginity. Either company is standing by, the one to show of what sort she is whom they are giving up, the other in order that they may guard her. Why disgracest thou the virgin estate? For if thou art such as this, the same will the bridegroom suspect her to be. If thou wishest to have men in love with thee, this is the part of saleswomen, green-grocers, and handicrafts-people. Is not this a shame? To act unseemly is a shame even though it be a king's daughter.916916 i.e. at whose wedding it is done. For doth her poverty stand in the way? or her course of life? Even if a virgin be a slave, let her abide in modesty. "For in Christ Jesus there can be neither bond nor free." (Gal. iii. 28.)
What? is marriage a theater? It is a mystery and a type of a mighty thing; and even if thou reverence not it, reverence that whose type it is. "This mystery," saith he, "is great, but I speak in regard of Christ and of the Church." (Eph. v. 32.) It is a type of the Church, and of Christ, and dost thou introduce harlots at it? If then, saith one, neither virgins dance, nor the married, who is to dance? No one, for what need is there of dancing? In the Grecian mysteries there are dancings, but in ours, silence and decency, modesty, and bashfulness. A great mystery is being celebrated: forth with the harlots! forth with the profane! How is it a mystery? They come together, and the two make one. Wherefore is it that at his entrance indeed, there was no dancing, no cymbals, but great silence, great stillness; but when they come together, making not a lifeless image, nor yet the image of anything upon earth, but of God Himself, and after his likeness, thou introducest so great an uproar, and disturbest those that are there,917917 τοὺς ὄντας. Possibly "those that are [that image]." Downes proposes συνόντας, with some probability. and puttest the soul to shame, and confoundest it? They come, about to be made one body. See again a mystery of love! If the two become not one, so long as they continue two, they make not many, but when they are come into oneness, they then make many. What do we learn from this? That great is the power of union. The wise counsel of God at the beginning divided the one into two; and being desirous of showing that even after division it remaineth still one, He suffered not that the one should be of itself enough for procreation. For he is not one who is not yet [united,918918 ὁοὐδέπω. The word ἡνωμένος, which Ed. Par. would supply, may be understood.] but the half of one; and it is evident from this, that he begetteth no offspring, as was the case also beforetime.919919 καθάπερ καὶ πρότερον. Downes and others give up this passage as corrupt. The Translator suggests, "as was the case with Adam before Eve was formed." There is still a difficulty, though this has a meaning, in that God withheld the power then from the undivided Man, as he does now from the not yet reunited. Seest thou the mystery of marriage? He made of one, one;920920 i.e. "one other." Savile needlessly conjectures "two." and again, having made these two, one, He so maketh one, so that now also man is produced of one. For man and wife are not two men, but one Man. And this may be confirmed from many sources; for instance, from James,921921 The word is declined, and so would not mean Jacob. One ms. has Joseph, which is no plainer. [Three mss. have Joseph, but they are the group of three that are so often palpably altering.—J.A.B.] One would expect a solution from the end of Hom. v., but none seems to occur there, unless Jacob's birth after Rebecca's long barrenness be deemed sufficient. from Mary the Mother of Christ, from the words, "He made them male and female." (Gen. i. 27.) If he 319be the head, and she the body, how are they two? Therefore the one holdeth the rank of a disciple, the other of a teacher, the one of a ruler, the other of a subject. Moreover, from the very fashioning of her body, one may see that they are one, for she was made from his side, and they are, as it were, two halves.
For this cause He also calleth her a help, to show that they are one (Gen. ii. 18.); for this cause He honoreth their cohabitation beyond both father and mother, to show that they are one. (Gen. ii. 24.) And in like manner a father rejoiceth both when son and daughter marry, as though the body were hastening to join a member of its own; and though so great a charge and expenditure of money is incurred still he cannot bear with indifference to see her922922 Implied in αὐτῇ below. The word is of common gender. unmarried. For as though her own flesh itself were severed from her, each one separately is imperfect for the procreation of children, each one is imperfect as regards the constitution of this present life. Wherefore also the Prophet saith, "the residue of thy spirit." (Mal. ii. 15, Sept.) And how become they one flesh? As if thou shouldest take away the purest part of gold, and mingle it with other gold; so in truth here also the woman as it were receiving the richest part fused by pleasure, nourisheth it and cherisheth it, and withal contributing her own share, restoreth it back a Man. And the child is a sort of bridge, so that the three become one flesh, the child connecting, on either side, each to other. For like as two cities, which a river divides throughout, become one, if a bridge connect them on both sides, so is it in this case; and yet more, when the very bridge in this case is formed of the substance of each. As the body and the head are one body; for they are divided by the neck; but not divided more than connected, for it, lying between them brings together each with the other. And it is the same as if a chorus that had been severed should, by taking one part of itself from this quarter, and the other again from the right, make one; or as these when come into close rank, and extending hands, become one; for the hands extended admit not of their being two. Therefore to wit He said with accuracy of expression, not "they shall be one flesh" but joined together "into one flesh" (Gen. ii. 2, Sept.), namely, that of the child. What then? when there is no child, will they not be two? Nay, for their coming together hath this effect, it diffuses and commingles the bodies of both. And as one who hath cast ointment into oil, hath made the whole one; so in truth is it also here.
I know that many are ashamed at what is said, and the cause of this is what I spoke of, your own lasciviousness, and unchasteness. The fact of marriages being thus performed, thus depraved, hath gained the thing an ill name: for "marriage is honorable, and the bed undefiled." (Heb. xiii. 4.) Why art thou ashamed of the honorable, why blushest thou at the undefiled? This is for heretics,923923 On 1 Tim. iv. 3 he mentions the Manichees, Marcionites, and Encratites. this is for such as introduce harlots thither. For this cause I am desirous of having it thoroughly purified, so as to bring it back again to its proper nobleness, so as to stop the mouths of the heretics. The gift of God is insulted, the root of our generation; for about that root there is much dung and filth. This then let us cleanse away by our discourse. Endure then a little while, for he that holdeth filth must endure the stench. I wish to show you that ye ought not to be ashamed at these things, but at those which ye do; but thou, passing by all shame at those, art ashamed at these; surely then thou condemnest God who hath thus decreed.
Shall I tell how marriage is also a mystery of the Church? As Christ came into the Church, and she was made of him,924924 [The three mss. which so often alter have made an important alteration here, from "she was made of him" into "he was made of her," and this became the common printed text. Were the critics thinking of a typical relation between the Virgin Mary and the Church, or of transubstantiation?—J.A.B.] and he united with her in a spiritual intercourse, "for," saith one, "I have espoused you to one husband, a pure virgin." (2 Cor. xi. 2.) And that we are of Him, he saith, of His members, "and of His flesh." Thinking then on all these things, let us not cast shame upon so great a mystery. Marriage is a type of the presence of Christ, and art thou drunken at it? Tell me; if thou sawest an image of the king, wouldest thou dishonor it? By no means.
Now the practices at marriages seem to be a matter of indifference, but they are the causes of great mischiefs. All is full of lawlessness. "Filthiness, and foolish talking, and jesting, let it not proceed," saith he, "out of your mouth." (Eph. v. 4; iv. 29.) Now all these things are filthiness, foolish talking, and jesting; and not these simply, but with aggravation, for the thing has become an art, and there are great praises for those that pursue it. Sins have become an art! We pursue them not in any chance way, but with earnestness, with science, and thenceforth the devil takes the command of his own array. For where drunkenness is, there is unchasteness: where filthy talking, there the devil is at hand bringing in his own contributions; with such an entertainment, tell me, dost thou celebrate the mystery of Christ? and invitest thou the devil?
I dare say you consider me offensive. For 320this too is a property of extreme pervertedness, that even one that rebuketh you incurs your ridicule as one that is austere. Hear ye not Paul, saying, "Whatsoever ye do, whether ye eat or drink or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God"? (1 Cor. x. 31.) But ye do all to ill report and dishonor. Hear ye not the Prophet, saying, "Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice unto Him with trembling?" (Ps. ii. 11.) But ye are wholly without restraint.925925 διαχεῖσθε, are dissolute; lit. "poured abroad." Is it not possible both to enjoy pleasure, and to do so with safety? Art thou desirous of hearing beautiful songs? Best of all indeed, thou oughtest not; nevertheless, I condescend if thou wilt have it so: do not hear those Satanic ones, but the spiritual. Art thou desirous of seeing choirs of dancers? Behold the choir of Angels. And how is it possible, saith one, to see them? If thou drive away all these things, even Christ will come to such a marriage, and Christ being present, the choir of Angels is present also. If thou wilt, He will even now work miracles as He did then; He will make even now the water, wine (John ii.); and what is much more wonderful, He will convert this unstable and dissolving pleasure, this cold desire, and change it into the spiritual. This is to make of water, wine. Where pipers are, by no means there is Christ; but even if He should have entered, He first casts these forth,926926 As when He would raise Jairus's daughter, Matt. ix. 25. and then He works His wonders. What can be more disagreeable than this Satanic pomp? where everything is inarticulate, everything without significancy; and if there be anything articulate, again all is shameful, all is noisome.
Nothing is more pleasurable than virtue, nothing sweeter than orderliness, nothing more amiable than gravity. Let any celebrate such a marriage as I speak of; and he shall find the pleasure; but what sort of marriages these are, take heed. First seek a husband for the virgin, who will be truly a husband, and a protector; as though thou wert intending to place a head upon a body; as though about to give not a slave, but a daughter into his hands. Seek not money, nor splendor of family, nor greatness of country; all these things are superfluous; but piety of soul, gentleness, the true understanding, the fear of God, if thou wishest thy darling to live with pleasure. For if thou seek a wealthier husband, not only wilt thou not benefit her, but thou wilt even harm her, by making her a slave instead of free. For the pleasure she will reap from her golden trinkets will not be so great as will be the annoyance that comes of her slavery. I pray thee, seek not these things, but most of all, one of equal condition; if however this cannot be, rather one poorer than in better circumstances; if at least thou be desirous not of selling thy daughter to a master, but of giving her to a husband. When thou hast thoroughly investigated the virtue of the man, and art about to give her to him, beseech Christ to be present: for He will not be ashamed to be so; it is the mystery of His presence. Yea rather beseech Him even in the first instance, to grant her such a suitor. Be not worse than the servant of Abraham, who, when sent on a pilgrimage so important, saw whither he ought to have recourse; wherefore also he obtained everything. When thou art taking anxious pains, and seeking a husband for her, pray; say unto God, "whomsoever Thou wilt do Thou provide:" into His hands commit the matter; and He, honored in this way by thee, will requite thee with honor.
Two things indeed it is necessary to do; to commit the thing into His hands, and to seek such an orderly person as He Himself approves.
When927927 Here he addresses the mother, all the participles being feminine. then thou makest a marriage, go not round from house to house borrowing mirrors and dresses; for the matter is not one of display, nor dost thou lead thy daughter to a pageant; but decking out thine house with what is in it, invite thy neighbors, and friends, and kindred. As many as thou knowest to be of a good character, those invite, and bid them be content with what there is. Let no one from the orchestra be present, for such expense is superfluous, and unbecoming. Before all the rest, invite Christ. Knowest thou whereby thou wilt invite Him? Whosoever, saith He, "hath done it to one of these least, hath done it to Me." (Matt. xxv. 40.) And think it not an annoying thing to invite the poor for Christ's sake; to invite harlots is an annoyance. For to invite the poor is a means of wealth, the other of ruin. Adorn the bride not with these ornaments that are made of gold, but with gentleness and modesty, and the customary robes; in place of all golden ornament and braiding, arraying her in blushes, and shamefacedness, and the not desiring such things. Let there be no uproar, no confusion; let the bridegroom be called, let him receive the virgin. The dinners and suppers, let them not be full of drunkenness, but of abundance and pleasure. See how many good things will result, whenever we see such marriages as those; but from the marriages that are now celebrated, (if at least one ought to call them marriages and not pageants,) how many are the evils! The banquet hall is no sooner broken up, than straightway comes care and fear, lest aught that is borrowed should have been lost, and there succeeds to the pleasure melancholy intolerable. But this distress belongs to the mother-in-law,—321nay, rather not even is the bride herself free; all that follows at least belongs to the bride herself. For to see all broken up, is a ground for sadness, to see the house desolate.
There is Christ, here is Satan; there is cheerfulness, here anxious care; there pleasure, here pain; there expense, here nothing of the kind; there indecency, here modesty; there envy, here no envy; there drunkenness, here soberness, here health, here temperance. Bearing in mind all these things, let us stay the evil at this point, that we may please God, and be counted worthy to obtain the good things promised to them that love Him, through the grace and love toward man of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom, to the Father, together with the Holy Ghost, be glory, power, honor, now and for ever, and world without end. Amen.
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Telstra will boost data speeds in its Next G mobile network to 21M bps (bits per second) early next year, and will conduct tests of the faster service this month, equipment vendor Ericsson said Friday. However, customers may have to wait longer for the arrival of compatible phones, which haven't yet caught up with prevous improvements to network performance.
The technology that will make the higher speeds possible is High Speed Packet Access Evolution, also known as HSPA+ or Evolved HSPA.
The move to HSPA Evolution from the HSPA systems in use today requires a software upgrade to base stations, whereas LTE will require new base stations, said Jeanette Fridberg, director of marketing for radio access networks at Ericsson.
Subscribers, on the other hand, will need new hardware to take advantage of the higher speeds. Telstra is working with Sierra Wireless, Qualcomm and Ericsson to develop devices, it said in October.
Ericsson is now offering the first version of HSPA Evolution, but next year speeds will double to 42M bps downstream and 11M bps upstream, according to Fridberg.
The HSPA technology used in existing 3G (third generation) mobile networks tops out at around 14.4M bps, but there are only five operators which have that speed in service. About another 40 operators are offering download speeds at 7.2M bps (which is also what the fastest phones currently available can handle), according to data from industry organization GSM Association.
For example, Telstra and StarHub in Singapore are on the list of operators offering 14.4M bps service. StarHub is also moving to HSPA Evolution, but with equipment from Huawei. The upgrade should be done by the second quarter of next year, according to Huawei.
Vodafone is also considering making the move to HSPA Evolution, according to a spokesman. In February the company announced a trial with Ericsson, Huawei and Qualcomm. That trial is still under way, and Vodafone wants to make sure the technology can deliver what it promises before making the final decision, the spokesman said.
Most large operators will go to HSPA Evolution in anticipation of the next technology upgrade, LTE (Long Term Evolution), especially in countries where mobile broadband has already taken off in a big way, said Fridberg.
For Richard Webb, directing analyst at Infonetics Research, though, operators will use HSPA Evolution to put off the upgrade to LTE, while operators who have already set their sights on LTE will let nothing deflect them from that.


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We may talk about eliminating hierarchy, but most organizations still have one. Frankly, it's very hard to mobilize limited resources and diverse skills without someone taking charge. That's why hierarchies have existed for thousands of years – from the days of the Pharaohs to the modern corporation.
Yet there's no doubt that hierarchies can be dysfunctional and make it difficult to get things done. As such, we blame them for slowing things down, lowering morale, and choking off innovation.
You would think the key to a healthy hierarchy is a well-drawn organization chart, but it has more to do with company culture and behaviors. That's why reorganizing alone doesn't create a more effective hierarchy in a useful or permanent way. If you don't address the ineffective behaviors, nothing will change.
But how do you know when those behaviors are off track? Let me suggest three common warning signs of an unhealthy hierarchy, and what you can do if you see them:
Hierarchical Mirroring: This is the subtle notion that meaningful discussions only occur between people of equal rank across the organization, like a diplomatic negotiation. For example, I worked with a financial services company that was trying to improve coordination between the product groups and the client relationship teams. On the product side of the house, the key experts were "managers" who reported to vice presidents. The client relationship managers, however, were all vice presidents, and only wanted to deal with their vice presidential (but less knowledgeable) counterparts. As a result the meetings included more people than necessary, the experts had less influence, and everyone was frustrated with the pace.
Decision Churn: This occurs when decisions continually need to be revisited because someone of sufficient rank in another part of the hierarchy raises an objection. In the financial services example, after many weeks of discussion, the relationship team and the product managers had seemingly reached an agreement about how to go to market together. But at that point, a vice president of finance (who had not been in the meetings) expressed some concerns and sent the team back to the drawing board.
Invoking the name of the boss: This is when people tend to make decisions based on what they presume the most senior person wants. In the financial services case, one of the common expressions in the team meetings was, "The division president won't let us do that." Of course the division president wasn't in the room. But invoking her name gave weight to people's arguments, even if no one had asked her what she thought of the idea.
Given that these are deeply embedded cultural behaviors, there's no way to change them overnight, even if you are the CEO. However, anyone – regardless of organizational level – can call them out and make people aware of them.
Often these behaviors are subtle and unconscious, which makes them seem impossible to deal with. But if you spotlight them, especially in a humorous way, their absurdity and dysfunctionality will become more apparent. For example, in one organization a colleague created a "decision churn diagram" that portrayed the long and winding journey of a typical decision. When the Executive Committee saw the chart, it sparked a good discussion and the beginnings of a more conscious approach to decision-making.
As a manager, you have the authority – and the responsibility – to constructively highlight behaviors that don't make sense, no matter where you stand in the hierarchy. It's not easy to do, but if you don't try, you'll be a passive contributor to an unhealthy hierarchy.
Have you seen these warning signs, or others?
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Watch CNN live on TV, online and on your iPhone to get all the news and results from the hotly contested 2010 midterm elections. And share your election experiences with CNN iReport.
Washington (CNN) -- Republicans took voters' distress over the stubborn jobless rate and stalled economy and turned it into a sweeping takeover of the U.S. House of Representatives in Tuesday's midterm elections, while Democrats were able to hang onto their majority in the Senate, though in smaller numbers.
With results still coming in, the extent of the Republican takeover of the 435-member House was still to be determined. But CNN projected that Republicans would win at least 60 more House seats than they currently hold to wipe out the Democratic majority of the past four years.
President Barack Obama called House Minority Leader John Boehner of Ohio to congratulate him. They had a brief but pleasant conversation, according to Boehner's aides. The two discussed working together to focus on the top priorities of the American people, which Boehner has identified as creating jobs and cutting spending. Boehner thanked the president for the call.
Republican candidates also were running strong in governors' races, while Democrats were guaranteed of holding at least 50 of the 100 Senate seats with a handful of close races still outstanding, according to the projections based on CNN's analysis of exit poll data.
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nevada, retained his Senate seat by defeating Republican Sharron Angle, a Tea Party favorite.
An energized conservative electorate, fueled by the anti-establishment Tea Party movement that emerged in 2009, helped Republicans to what could be their biggest gain in congressional elections in decades.
"It's clear tonight who the real winners are, and it's the American people," said Boehner, who is expected to become House Speaker in January when the new GOP majority takes over.
"With their voices, the American people are demanding a new way forward in Washington," Boehner said, calling for conservative policies favored by the Tea Party such as cutting spending and reducing the size of government.
Tea Party-backed Republicans Rand Paul in Kentucky and Marco Rubio in Florida won their Senate races, while another GOP candidate, John Boozman, will defeat incumbent Democrat Blanche Lincoln in Arkansas, according to the projections.
In Indiana, conservative Republican Dan Coats was the projected winner to take over the Senate seat held by retiring Democrat Evan Bayh, while the GOP's Ron Johnson toppled Democratic incumbent Sen. Russ Feingold in Wisconsin. The projected victories by Coats, Boozman, Johnson and John Hoeven in North Dakota gave Republicans four pick-ups in the Senate.
However, Democrat Chris Coons was the projected winner over Republican Christine O'Donnell, another Tea Party-supported candidate, in Delaware's Senate race for the seat formerly held for decades by Vice President Joe Biden. In Connecticut, Democratic Attorney General Richard Blumenthal will defeat Republican Linda McMahon, the former professional wrestling executive, for the Senate seat held by retiring Democrat Chris Dodd.
Another big Democratic victory came in West Virginia, where Gov. Joe Manchin was projected to win the Senate seat formerly held by the late Democratic Sen. Robert Byrd, who died earlier this year.
The projected victories by Coons, Manchin and Blumenthal were vital for the Democrats' chances to retain their majority in the Senate.
But Obama's former Senate seat in Illinois went to Republican Mark Kirk, who defeated Democrat Alexi Giannoulias.
Whatever the final make-up of the Senate, it will include no African-American members. The only current African-American senator, Roland Burris of Illinois, is retiring, and none of the three African-American candidates won on Tuesday.
Both Paul, the son of Rep. Ron Paul of Texas, and O'Donnell rode Tea Party support to defeat mainstream Republican candidates in their GOP primaries.
Paul's projected victory to claim the seat held by retiring Republican Sen. Jim Bunning showed the influence of the movement that emerged in 2009 in opposition to expanded government and the growing federal deficit.
At the same time, the loss by O'Donnell could badly hurt Republican chances to win majority control of the Senate. Many Republicans believed the veteran congressman whom O'Donnell beat in the primary, former Gov. Mike Castle, would have defeated Coons.
Another Tea Party backed candidate, Republican Carl Paladino, will be handily defeated by Democrat Andrew Cuomo in the New York governor's race, the projections show.
CNN projects Democrat Jerry Brown will defeat Republican Meg Whitman in California for the governorship now held by Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger, who is stepping down under term limits.
Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer, who gained national attention for her support of Arizona's controversial new immigration law, defeated Democrat Terry Goddard to retain office.
In other gubernatorial contests, Republicans Bill Haslam in Tennessee, Sam Brownback in Kansas, Rick Perry in Texas, Nikki Haley in South Carolina, Susana Martinez in New Mexico, Mary Fallin in Oklahoma, Tom Corbett in Pennsylvania, Matt Mead in Wyoming and Rick Snyder in Michigan will be victorious, according to the projections.
Democratic winners for governor included incumbents Martin O'Malley in Maryland and Deval Patrick in Massachusetts, the projections showed.
Republicans needed a net gain of only three governorships Tuesday for a majority nationally. Often overshadowed during midterm campaigns, governorships can impact national politics by their influence in the redistricting of state electorates.
Exit poll data analyzed by CNN showed the economy was the dominant issue on the minds of voters and indicated that key constituencies shifted from supporting Democrats in 2008 to voting for Republicans this time.
For example, senior citizens who comprised 24 percent of the total electorate supported Republicans much more strongly on Tuesday than they did two years ago, the exit polling showed. According to the data, 39 percent of senior citizens voted for Democrats, compared with 49 percent in 2008, while 58 percent supported Republicans, compared with 49 percent two years ago.
One reason is likely opposition to the health care reform bill pushed through Congress over Republican opposition by President Barack Obama and Democratic leaders. While Obama pledged the reforms would improve Medicare, Republican opponents warned of service cuts and higher costs.
The long and bitter campaign season drew more than $3.5 billion in spending, making it the most expensive nonpresidential vote ever, according to the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics, a watchdog group.
The rise of the Tea Party movement added a new element to the election cycle, roiling Republican races by boosting little-known and inexperienced candidates to victory over mainstream figures in GOP primaries across the country.
No matter how many of the so-called Tea Party candidates win against Democratic opponents Tuesday, the influence of the movement has shifted the Republican agenda to the right.
"They tell me they want people who can work together in Washington," DeMint, one of the leading backers of Tea Party candidates, said in his victory speech. "I tell you this: I'm ready. I'm ready. Anyone whose guide is the constitution and whose goal is limited government, I'm ready to work with them today. But I'm not going to compromise with anyone who doesn't believe in that."
Exit polling showed voter dissatisfaction with both parties, as each received a 53 percent unfavorable rating. The economy was rated the most important issue by 62 percent of voters, far eclipsing health care reform (19 percent), immigration (8 percent) and the war in Afghanistan (7 percent), according to the exit polling.
Most voters, 88 percent, rated economic conditions as not good or poor, and 86 percent said they were very worried or somewhat worried about the economy, the exit polling showed.
Voters across the country offered a variety of reasons for their choices Tuesday.
In Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, restaurant manager and internet entrepreneur Stephen Smith, 40, went to the polls hoping "that the entrenched incumbents get booted out of office," he said.
Melissa Bacon, 24, of Sacramento, California, cast her ballot partly for the thrill of the experience, she said.
"You don't get to vote every day. It's sort of its own holiday. You research the issues, vote and then wait to see if your position was the majority. It's as exciting to me as the World Series last night," she said on the heels of the San Francisco Giants' victory.
Nadya Alvarez of Parrish, Florida, went to the polls with her son to teach him about the importance of voting.
"My youngest is almost 2 years old, and I showed him the ballot, and he wanted to help fill in the circles," said Parrish, 28. "It is good to teach them from an early age to be involved in the welfare of our country and that we all have rights and duties to preserve."
Unemployment, at a rate of 9.6 percent amid a slow recovery from economic recession, has been the dominant issue, with Republicans accusing Obama and the Democrats of pushing through expensive policies that have expanded government without solving the problem.
Obama has led Democrats in defending his record, saying that steps such as the economic stimulus bill and auto industry bailout were necessary to prevent a depression, while health care reform and Wall Street reform will lay the foundation for sustainable future growth.
Observers warned that the expected Republican gains offer little chance of compromise or bipartisan approaches on major issues.
Boehner already has signaled little appetite to negotiate with the White House or congressional Democrats, saying last week that "this is not a time for compromise."
In the Senate, legislative gridlock is likely as Republicans strengthen their current minority of 41 seats. Obama and Democrats accuse Senate Republicans of using obstruction tactics as a political tool, showing the distrust and animosity that already exists.
Democrats are also wary of a recent comment by Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell, who told the National Journal, "The single most important thing we want to achieve is for President Obama to be a one-term president."
The first test of a new relationship will come in mid-November, when Congress convenes a post-election lame-duck session to try to clear unfinished legislation before the newly elected Congress gathers in January. Among other issues, lawmakers must decide whether and how to extend Bush-era tax cuts.
CNN's Tom Cohen, Michael Pearson, Dana Bash, Ted Barrett, Deirdre Walsh, Paul Steinhauser, Rebecca Sinderbrand and Jessica Yellin contributed to this report.


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Eamonn Coghlan is not too sensitive about the fact that today's twentysomethings were infants when he ran a mile in 3 minutes 49 seconds and 78 hundredths on a 10-lap track—which is to say, a world record—and he doesn't mind that they don't know who he is or what he's done. That's OK. He's pretty diplomatic, now—a work-related hazard of his gig as an Irish senator.
Coghlan, 61 and trim, was one of a string of Irish middle-distance rockets who came out of Villanova (1976). Post-collegiately, he hit the then-vigorous circuit of U.S. track races, tearing around skate park-like banked affairs that, in the 1970s and '80s, were built of plywood.
Here's something you should know about tracks: The smaller the track, the slower the times, because turns slow a runner's pace. A 10-lap-to-a-mile track will cost an elite runner six or seven seconds over an eight-lap oval, the standard indoor size now. Four-lap-to-a-mile outdoor tracks are faster still, so outdoor records are nearly always faster than those set on an indoor track.
Here's something you should know about Coghlan: He's a freak. His indoor times, some run on a dizzying 11-lap bathtub, are faster than his outdoor times. He owned the indoor wood in the glory days of that element, ergo his lifetime appointment as "Chairman of the Boards."
Cut to the present, in which runnerkind Galen Rupp is toppling track records left and right. Trained by the Nike Oregon Project's Alberto Salazar, Rupp set the American indoor record at 5K (13:01.26) and two miles (8:07.41) within a span of nine days earlier this year. Which is pretty good. But what has track fans' underpants in a wad is that, not only did he reportedly train through these races, but minutes after the record-setting efforts, Rupp skipped over to a practice track and laid down a workout of five times a mile in 4:21, 4:20, 4:20, 4:16, and the last, a you're-not-in-Kansas-anymore 4:01. This, at a time when the other competitors were sitting on the toilet with quivering legs. And now the Rupp-Salazar duo is making noise about breaking the indoor mile world record of 3:48.45, currently owned by Hicham El Guerrouj.
So I emailed Coghlan to see what his training was like prior to his record-setting mile in 1983, and whether it included a post-race workout a la Rupp. His email response was: "I'd never consider doing something stupid like 5 x mile, last one in 4:01, after a race unless I had some extra octane up my.... you know what!"
Later, I spoke with the Chairman of the Boards via phone.
It's unusual that your indoor times are faster than your outdoor times. Why is that?
I had consistent success indoors, so I pursued times, and records. Outdoors, my focus was on winning rather than time.
And why do you think you had such success on indoor tracks? Wait, how tall are you?
I used to be 5-foot-10.
I'd heard that smaller runners had an easier time getting around the turns indoors.
I don't know about that but from the very first day as a freshman at Villanova when we assembled the 11-lap track, there was something about it I loved—the smell of it, the echo, the bounce. I loved that feeling I got back from the wood. I would lean very low around the turn and let my momentum catapult me into the straight.
Who was your coach?
Gerry Farnan. He was my coach from the time I was 12 years old in Ireland, then after Villanova he commenced coaching me again.
Tell me about the build-up to your world-record performance, February 27, 1983.
I was out the whole of 1982 with injury, to the point that Gerry thought perhaps my career was over. If I ran over 100 miles a week, I was inviting injury. After eight months, I got radiation therapy and it got rid of the Achilles problem, so I started back up at no more than 80 miles per week. When I'd had 20 weeks of consistent training with no injury, I had the confidence to go for the indoor mile world record. Ran a few road races—5Ks, 10Ks—in November and December to build stamina. I did a long run on Sunday of 15 to 20 miles. In December and January, I trained five to six miles every morning. Tuesday afternoon was six times 1,200 meters in 3:03 with five-minute rest. Thursday was 20 times 400 meters in 59 seconds each with one-minute rest. Eventually that was reduced 10 times 400 in 55 seconds with 2 minutes rest.
Was this training common? Were other runners doing this?
Oh yeah, everybody was doing it. Each runner tailored it to his personal preference but at the end of the day, it wasn't much different.
Hmmm, I wonder why your result was different?
I was a bit of a freak I guess.
I'm starting the rumor you were juiced.
Yeah, juiced on Budweiser [laughing].
OK, continue.
So I started the indoor season [January 1983] and was very fit, running very well. I set the world record, 3:52.6, in San Diego, then lowered it to 3:50.6 and was disappointed because I hadn't broken 3:50—that was a big barrier. Anyway, I call up my dad and invite him to come to the U.S. to watch me run in New York in February, which he did. Two days later, my dad passed away [from a heart attack], and I flew back to Ireland with his body. Within the past year, the three people who inspired me the most—Gerry Farnan, my coach at Villanova, Jumbo Elliott, and my father—had all passed away. I became driven to break 3:50 in the mile, I was going to do it to honor them.
I went back to New York, ran a mile in Madison Square Garden on Friday night, 3:57, and won it. The U.S. Olympic Invitational was scheduled for Sunday afternoon at Meadowlands. That was a 10-lap track—I helped design it.
So you raced Friday night and again Sunday afternoon?
Oh yeah, it was common to run Friday night in San Diego and Saturday night in another city. Not 15 minutes or an hour apart, but 24 hours apart—yeah, it was common enough. So Friday night after the race at Madison Square Garden, I locked myself away in a hotel, away from my family. I wanted to focus. I wrote the splits I wanted to hit and put them in my shoe.
You put a piece of paper in your shoe?
No, no, I wrote them on the insole of the shoe. I know, sounds stupid but that's the kind of superstition I had. Another thing I did: I look at myself in the mirror and say, "You sucker, you better not come back here not having broken that record. Go do it." And I'd leave the room.
Ross Donohue, a teammate of mine at NYAC, was the rabbit. I got right in behind him and just kept repeating my mantra: relax, relax, relax. I went through the half in 1:56 and thought, If these suckers are going to beat me, they're going to have to work for it. I didn't hear the ¾ split, I just kicked my ass off. I knew there was someone on my tail because the crowd was going crazy. I was not taking anything for granted, ran as fast as I bloody well could. I knew in my heart and soul I got the record, even though the announcer was yelling, "It's unofficial." It was the first sub-3:50 mile in history, in the last race of the season. I was so excited and delighted, as they say in Ireland, that the cool down didn't happen.
It was 14 years before Hicham El Guerrouj broke your record—why do you think it took so long?
El Guerrouj ran 3:48 on an eight-lap track, Mondo surface. Eight laps to a mile is an awful lot faster than 10. I was probably just a freak—I loved the tight turns of the 10-lap track, like a Ferrari racing car. If I had run on an 8-lap track, who knows what I could have done.
What do you mean by, you wouldn't try Galen Rupp's post-race workout regimen "without some extra octane up your …"?
Jesus, I don't even know Galen Rupp—I'm removed from the inner sanctum of track now—but I don't think for one minute he's doing something illegal. But why in god's name would you do five times a mile after a race? How would anyone have the strength to do that? I just question the sanity of it. The race is the race, the warm down is the warm down. After a race, I was getting ready for next hard workout. Sometimes that would be the next day, but certainly not minutes or an hour afterward. The thinking back then was to save your best for the race: When you complete your mission, you save yourself for the next hard workout.
Would you have gotten injured doing such an intense workout right after a race?
I would. Jeez, you've just put your body through, what, 13:01 for 5,000 meters—why put it through any more? I'd be afraid of breaking down.
But athletes are more pampered now, and by that I mean they have incredible facilities with underwater treadmills and AlterG's, the food they eat, ice baths, massages. Everything for training and recovery is available to them, and they're thinking about it 24 hours a day, maximizing their support mechanism in everything they do. Our post-race meal was beer. Back then, we had a blasé approach to what you did in between workouts and races. Of course, I never ran 13:01 for 5K. The thinking is different now. Athletes and coaches see the race as part A and the post-race workout as part B, and that their support facilities will help them recover.
Galen Rupp is talking about breaking the indoor mile world record—what are your thoughts on that?
I think the indoor mile record should fall. It's soft. It was set in 1997. In the context of times people are running now, it's a golden opportunity for the likes of Galen Rupp or someone else. I mean, El Guerrouj holds both the indoor and outdoor mile [3:43] records. If El G could do it ... of course, they're testing more now. You can read between the lines on that.
Sarah Barker writes and runs in St. Paul, Minn. Photo via Getty.