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Mercury 6
Credit: NASA
AKA: Friendship 7. Launched: 1962-02-20. Returned: 1962-02-20. Number crew: 1 . Duration: 0.21 days. Location: National Air and Space Museum (Smithsonian Institution), Washington, DC.
First US manned orbital mission. John Glenn finally puts America in orbit. False landing bag deploy light led to reentry being started with retropack left in place on heat shield. It turned out that indicator light was false and a spectacular reentry ensued, with glowing chunks of the retropack whizzing by the window. After four hours and 43 minutes the spacecraft reentered the atmosphere and landed at 2:43 pm EST in the planned recovery area NE of the Island of Puerto Rico. All flight objectives were achieved. Glenn was reported to be in excellent condition. Because of failure of one of the automatic systems, the astronaut took over manual control of the spacecraft during part of the flight. With this flight, the basic objectives of Project Mercury had been achieved.
Official NASA Account of the Mission from This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury, by Loyd S. Swenson Jr., James M. Grimwood, and Charles C. Alexander, NASA Historical Series SP-4201, 1966.
Glenn was awakened at 2:20 a.m. on February 20. After showering, he sat down to a breakfast of steak, scrambled eggs, toast, orange juice, and coffee. At 3:05 the astronauts' flight surgeon, William Douglas, gave him a brief physical examination.
Douglas, Glenn, and his suit technician, Joe W. Schmitt, were only three of a multitude hard at work on the cloudy February morning. In the Mercury Control Center procedures log, the flight control team noted at 3:40 that they were "up and at it." The team immediately conducted a radar check, and although ionospheric conditions made the results poor the controllers believed the situation would improve soon. So they went on to check booster telemetry and the Control Center's voice intercom system, both of which were in good order. Shortly thereafter they found a faulty communication link that was supposed to be obtaining information about the capsule's oxygen system, but within minutes they had corrected the problem.
At 4:27 a.m. Christopher Kraft, sitting before his flight director's console, received word that the global tracking network had been checked out and was ready. In Hangar S, Douglas placed the biosensors on Glenn, and Joe Schmitt began helping the astronaut don his 20-pound pressure suit. At 5:01 the Mercury Control Center learned that the astronaut was in the van and on his way to the launch pad. The van moved slowly and arrived at 5:17, 20 minutes behind schedule. But the delay was of little consequence, for at 5:25 (T minus 120 minutes) trouble had cropped up in the booster's guidance system. Since this came during the built-in 90-minute hold part of the countdown for the astronaut insertion activity, the delay was not likely to halt the readying procedures for very long. The installation of a spare unit and an additional 45 minutes required for its checkout, however, made a total of 135 minutes lost.
Because of overcast weather and the guidance problem in the Atlas, Glenn relaxed comfortably in the van until 5:58, when the sky began to clear. The capsule and booster validation checks were progressing normally as he emerged from the van, saluted the onlookers, and boarded the gantry elevator. At 6:03, the operations team noted in its procedures log, the astronaut "put a foot into the spacecraft." Once inside Friendship 7, Glenn noticed that the respiration sensor - a thermistor attached to the astronaut's microphone in the air stream of his breath - had shifted from where it had been fixed during the simulated flight. Stanley C. White pointed out to Williams that a correction could only be made by opening the suit, a very tricky operation atop the gantry. So the two officials decided to disregard the slipped thermistor, even though faulty data would result. White advised the range to ignore all respiratory transmissions.
At last the technicians began to bolt the hatch onto the spacecraft, but at 7:10, with the countdown proceeding and most of the 70 bolts secured, a broken bolt was discovered. Although Grissom had flown in MR—4 with a broken hatch bolt, Williams, taking no chances this time, ordered removal and repair. Taking the hatch off and rebolting would require about 40 minutes, so the operations team took this opportunity to run still another check of the guidance system on Atlas 109-D. Glenn evidently maintained his composure during this hold, with his pulse ranging between 60 and 80 beats per minute. When a little more than half of the bolts had been secured, he peered through the periscope and remarked to Scott Carpenter and Alan Shepard in the Control Center, "Looks like the weather is breaking up."
Minutes later the hatch installation was completed and the cabin purge was started. A check of the cabin oxygen leakage rate indicated 500 cubic centimeters per minute, well within design specifications. At 8:05, T minus 60 minutes, the countdown continued, but after 15 minutes a hold was called to add about 10 gallons of propellant to the booster's tanks. Glenn had been busily going over his capsule systems checklist. As the holds continued, he occupied his time and relieved the pressure at various points on his cramped body by pulling on the bungee-cord exercising device in front of his head in the capsule. The countdown resumed while the liquid oxygen was being pumped aboard the Atlas, but at T minus 22 minutes, 8:58, a fuel pump outlet valve stuck, causing still another hold.
At that point in the countdown, Glenn, the blockhouse and Control Center crews, and workers scurrying around and climbing on the gantry were joined by some 100 million people watching television sets in about 40 million homes throughout the United States. Countless others huddled around radios in their homes or places of business and about 50,000 "bird watchers" stood on the beaches near Cape Canaveral, squinting toward the erect rocket gleaming in the distance. Some of the more hearty and sun-tanned spectators had been at the Cape since mid–January and had organized trailer towns, complete with "mayors." Mission announcer Powers, popularly known as "the voice of Mercury Control," who had been at his post in the Control Center since 5 o'clock that morning, went on the air to advise the waiting public of the status of the countdown and the cause for the present hold.
With the stuck valve cleared, the count picked up at 9:25, but another suspenseful moment came at 6 1/2 minutes before launch time, when the Bermuda tracking station experienced an electrical power failure. Although the breakdown was brief, it took several more minutes to steady the Bermuda computer.
At 9:47, after two hours and 17 minutes of holds and three hours and 44 minutes after Glenn entered his "office," Friendship 7 was launched on its orbital journey. The Atlas, supported by its tail of fire, lifted off its pad, and Powers made the announcement that this country had waited three long years to hear: "Glenn reports all spacecraft systems go! Mercury Control is go!" As Atlas 109-D lunged spaceward, Glenn's pulse rate climbed to 110, as expected. The Atlas and its control systems telemetered signals that they were functioning perfectly.
Half a minute after liftoff the General Electric-Burroughs guidance system locked onto a radio transponder in the booster to guide the vehicle until it was through the orbital insertion "window." The vibration at liftoff hardly bothered Glenn, but a hundred seconds later at max-q he reported, "It's a little bumpy about here." After the rocket plunged through the max-q region, the flight smoothed out; then two minutes and 14 seconds after launch, the outboard booster engines cut off and dropped away. Glenn saw a wisp of smoke and fleetingly thought the escape tower had jettisoned early, but that event occurred exactly on time, 20 seconds later.
When the tower separated, the vehicle combination pitched over still further, giving Glenn his first view of the horizon, which he described as "a beautiful sight, looking eastward across the Atlantic." Vibration increased as the fuel supply spewed out the sustainer engine nozzle, then abruptly stopped when the sustainer shut down. The sustainer had accelerated the capsule to a velocity only seven feet per second below nominal and had put the Atlas into an orbital trajectory only .05 of a degree low. Joyously the operations team noted in the log, "9:52- - -We are through the gates." Glenn received word that he could make at least seven orbits with the orbital conditions MA-6 had achieved. To Goddard's computers in Maryland the orbital insertion conditions appeared good enough for almost 100 orbits.
Although the posigrade rockets kicked the capsule loose from the booster at the correct instant, the five-second rate-damping operation started two and a half seconds late. This brief lapse caused a substantial initial roll error just as the capsule began its turnaround. The attitude control system managed the deviation very well, but it was some 38 seconds before Friendship 7 dropped into its proper orbital attitude. Turnaround spent 5.4 pounds of fuel from a total supply of 60.4 pounds (36 for automatic and 24.4 for manual control). Despite his slow automatic positioning maneuver, Glenn made his control checks with such ease that it seemed, he said, as if he were sitting in the procedures trainer. As Voas had asked him to do, the astronaut peered through the window at the tumbling Atlas tankage. It had come into view exactly as Ben F. McCreary of MSC had predicted it would. He could see the spent vehicle turning end over end, and he called out estimates of distances between the separating vehicles: "One hundred yards, two hundred yards." At one point Glenn's estimate matched the telemetry signal exactly. He visually tracked the sustainer intermittently for about eight minutes.
Glenn, noticing the onset of weightlessness, settled into orbital free flight with an inertial velocity of 17,544 miles per hour and reported that zero g was wholly pleasant. Although he could move well and see much through his trapezoidal window, he wanted to see even more. "I guess I'd like a glass capsule," he later quipped. Weightlessness also helped him as he used the hand-held camera. When his attention was drawn to a panel switch or readout, he simply left the "weightless" camera suspended and reached for the switch. Dutifully carrying out all of the head and body movements requested by Voas, he experienced none of the sensations reported by Gherman Titov. While any Glenn-Titov comparison might be ruled invalid since Titov reportedly became nauseated on his sixth orbit and Glenn flew only three orbits, MA-6 at least was to demonstrate to the American medical community that there were no discernible adverse physiological effects from over four hours of weightlessness.
The first orbit of Friendship 7 began ticking off like clockwork with the Canary Islands reporting all capsule systems in perfect working order. Looking at the African coastline, and later the interior over Kano, Nigeria, Glenn told the tracking station team that he could see a dust storm. Kano flight communicators replied that the winds had been quite heavy for the past week.
Glenn, completing his spacecraft systems checks over the Canaries, had commented that he was getting a little behind in his schedule but that all systems still were "go." Then, over Kano, he had commenced his own first major yaw adjustment, involving a complete turnaround of the capsule until he was facing his flight path. Glenn noted that the attitude indicators disagreed with what he could see were true spacecraft attitudes. Despite the incorrect panel readouts, he was pleased to be facing the direction his spacecraft was going.38
Over the Indian Ocean on his first orbit, Glenn became the first American to witness the sunset from above 100 miles. Awed but not poetically inclined, the astronaut described the moment of twilight simply as "beautiful." Space sky was very black, he said, with a thin band of blue along the horizon. He could see the cloud strata below, but the clouds in turn prevented his seeing a mortar flare fired by the Indian Ocean tracking ship. Glenn described the remarkable sunset: the sun went down fast but not quite as quickly as he had expected; for five or six minutes there was a slow but continuous reduction in light intensity; and brilliant orange and blue layers spread out 45 to 60 degrees on either side of the sun, tapering gradually toward the horizon.
On the nightside of Earth, nearing the Australian coastline, Glenn made his planned star, weather, and landmark observations. He failed to see the dim light phenomenon of the heavens called the zodiacal light; he thought his eyes had not had sufficient time to adapt to the darkness. Within voice radio range of the Muchea, Australia, tracking station, Glenn and Gordon Cooper began a long space-to-Earth conversation. The astronaut reported that he felt fine, that he had no problems, and that he could see a very bright light and what appeared to be the outline of a city. Cooper answered that he probably saw the lights of Perth and Rockingham. Glenn also said that he could see stars as he looked down toward the "real" horizon - as distinguished from the haze layer he estimated to be about seven or eight degrees above the horizon on the nightside - and clouds reflecting the moonlight. "That sure was a short day," he excitedly told Cooper. "That was about the shortest day I've ever run into."
Moving onward above the Pacific over Canton Island, Glenn experienced an even shorter 45-minute night and prepared his periscope for viewing his first sunrise in orbit. As the day dawned over the island, he saw literally thousands of "little specks, brilliant specks, floating around outside the capsule." Glenn's first impression was that the spacecraft was tumbling or that he was looking into a star field, but a quick hard look out of the capsule window corrected this momentary illusion. He definitely thought the luminescent "fireflies," as he dubbed the specks, were streaming past his spacecraft from ahead. They seemed to flow leisurely but not to be originating from any part of the capsule. As Friendship 7 sped over the Pacific expanse into brighter sunlight, the "fireflies" disappeared.
The global circuit was proceeding without any major problems, and Glenn still was enjoying his extended encounter with zero g. He ran into some bothersome interference on his broadband HF radio when he tried to talk with the Hawaiian site at Kauai. An aircraft from the Pacific Missile Range tried unsuccessfully to locate the noise source. Other than the mystery of the "fireflies" and the intermittent HF interference, the mission was going fine, with the capsule attitude control system performing perfectly.
Then the tracking station at Guaymas, Mexico, informed the control center in Florida that a yaw reaction jet was giving Glenn an attitude control problem that, as he later recalled, "was to stick with me for the rest of the flight." This was disheartening news for those in the operations team, who remembered that a sticking fuel valve discovered during the second orbital pass of the chimpanzee Enos had caused the early termination of MA-5. If Glenn could overcome this control problem he would furnish confirmation for Williams' and others' contention that man was an essential element in the loop. If the psychologists' failure task analyses were correct, the flexibility of man should now demonstrate the way to augment the reliability of the machine.
Glenn first noticed the control trouble when the automatic stabilization and control system allowed the spacecraft to drift about a degree and a half per second to the right, much like an automobile with its front wheels well out of alignment. This drift initiated a signal in the system that called for a one-pound yaw-left thrust, but there was no rate response. Glenn immediately switched to his manual-proportional control mode and eased Friendship 7 back to orbital attitude. Then, switching from mode to mode, he sought to determine how to maintain the correct attitude position with the least cost in fuel. He reported that fly-by-wire seemed most effective and economical. Mercury Control Center recommended that he stay with this control system. After about 20 minutes the malfunctioning thruster mysteriously began working again, and with the exception of a few weak responses it seemed to be working well by the time Glenn was over Texas. After only about a minute of automated flight, however, the opposing yaw-right thruster ceased to function. When similar trials and waiting did not restore the yaw-right jet, Glenn realized that he would have to live with the problem and become a full-time pilot responsible for his own well-being.
To the operations team at the Cape and to the crews at the tracking sites, Glenn appeared to be coping with his attitude control problem well, even though he had to omit many of his observational assignments. But a still more serious problem bothered the Cape monitors as Friendship 7 moved over them. An engineer at the telemetry control console, William Saunders, noted that "segment 51," an instrument providing data on the spacecraft landing system, was presenting a strange reading. According to the signal, the spacecraft heatshield and the compressed landing bag were no longer locked in position. If this was really the case, the all-important heatshield was being held on the capsule only by the straps of the retropackage. Almost immediately the Mercury Control Center ordered all tracking sites to monitor the instrumentation segment closely and, in their conversations with the pilot, to mention that the landing-bag deploy switch should be in the "off" position. Although Glenn was not immediately aware of his potential danger, he became suspicious when site after site consecutively asked him to make sure that the deploy switch was off. Meanwhile the operations team had to decide how to get the capsule and the astronaut back through the atmosphere with a loose heatshield. After huddling for several minutes, they decided that after retrofire the spent retropackage should be retained to keep the shield secure during reentry. William M. Bland, Jr., in the control center, hurriedly telephoned Maxime A. Faget, the chief designer of the Mercury spacecraft, in Houston, to ask if there were any special considerations they needed to know or to watch. Faget replied that everything should be all right, providing all the retrorockets fired. If they did not, the retropack would have to be jettisoned, because any unburned solid propellant would ignite during reentry. The operations team concluded that retaining the retropack was the only possible way of holding the shield in place and protecting Glenn during the early portion of his return to the dense atmosphere. The men in Mercury Control realized that the metallic retropack would burn away, but they felt that by the time it did, aerodynamic pressures would be strong enough to keep the shield in place. The decision once made, the members of the operations team fought off a gnawing uneasiness throughout the rest of the flight. This uneasiness was transmitted to the TV and radio audience before actual retrofire.
Meanwhile Friendship 7 was vaulting the Atlantic on its second orbital pass, and Glenn was busy keeping his capsule's attitude correct and trying to accomplish as many of the flight plan tasks as possible. He had advised Virgil Grissom at Bermuda that the oculogyric test, involving visually following a light spot, had just been completed. Near the Canary Islands the sun, streaming through his window, made Glenn a little warm, but he refused to adjust the water coolant control on his suit circuit. This time around he observed that evidently the "fireflies" outside the spacecraft had no connection with the gas from the reaction control jets. Glenn skillfully positioned his ship to take some photographs of the cloud masses and Earth spinning past beneath him. As he mused over a small bolt floating around inside the capsule, the Kano and Zanzibar sites monitoring the capsule suddenly noted a 12 percent drop in the secondary oxygen supply.
Meanwhile the Indian Ocean tracking ship was preparing for the second pass observation experiment. Battened down for heavy weather, the Mercury support crew decided that releasing balloons for Glenn to try to see was out of the question and instead they fired star-shell parachute flares. Glenn, however, was able to observe only lightning flashes in the storm clouds below.
Over the Indian Ocean, Glenn finally decided to adjust the water coolant flow in the suit circuit to improve on a condition he described as "comfortably warm." By the time he was over Woomera, Australia, the light signal warning of excess cabin water told him that the humidity level was rising. From then on throughout the rest of the flight he had to balance his suit cooling carefully against the cabin humidity, but the temperature inside his suit was never more than moderately uncomfortable. Another warning light appeared over Australia, indicating that the hydrogen peroxide fuel supply for the automatic system was down to 62 percent. Mercury Control Center recommended letting the capsule drift in orbit to conserve fuel. Glenn also complained that the roll horizon scanner did not seem to be working too well on the nightside of Earth and that it was difficult for him to obtain a visual reference to check the situation. To get a better view of Earth's horizon he pitched the spacecraft slightly downward, which helped some.
For the remainder of the second orbit and while going on into the third pass, Friendship 7 encountered no new troubles. Glenn continued to control his attitude without allowing too much drift, and consequently consumed considerably more fuel than the automatic system would have used had the control system been working normally. He had used six pounds from the automatic tank and 11.8 pounds from the manual on the second orbit, or almost 30 percent of his total supply. While he had to pay close attention to the control system to hold the fuel expenditure as low as possible, he still had opportunities for making observations, photographing the constellation Orion, and executing a third 180-degree yaw maneuver.
On the last orbital circuit of Friendship 7, the Indian Ocean tracking ship gave up on the release of objects for pilot observation; cloud coverage was still too thick. There was still time enough for a little joking between Cooper, at Muchea, and Glenn. The pilot quite formally requested the "down under" communicator to tell General David Shoup, Commandant of the Marine Corps, that three orbits should suffice for his minimal monthly requirement of four hours' flying time. Glenn asked that he be certified as eligible for his regular flight pay increment.
Now that Friendship 7 was halfway through its last orbit, Williams and Kraft decided to try once more to find out all they could about the heatshield before Glenn and his ship plunged through the searing reentry zone. At Kraft's order, the Hawaiian tracking site told Glenn to place the landing bag deploy switch in the automatic position. Then, if a light came on, he should enter with the retropack in place. Coupling this with past queries about this switch, Glenn thoroughly deduced his situation. He ran the test, reported that no light appeared, and added that he could hear no loose bumping noises when the spacecraft's attitude changed. The ground crew leaders differed regarding the best possible procedure to follow: Capsule systems monitors in the Control Center thought that the retropack should be jettisoned, while the data reduction crew urged that it be retained. This left the final decision up to Kraft and Williams. They weighed the information they had received and decided it would be safer to keep the retropack. Walter Schirra, the California communicator, passed the order to Glenn to retain the retropack until he was over the Texas tracking station.
Meanwhile Glenn was preparing for reentry. Keeping the retrorocket package on meant that he had to retract the periscope manually and activate the .05-g sequence by pushing the override switch. Then, while nearing the California coastline, a little more than four hours and 33 minutes after launch, the spacecraft assumed its critical retrofire attitude alignment and the first retrorocket fired. "Boy, feels like I'm going halfway back to Hawaii," Glenn reported. Seconds later, in orderly succession, the two remaining rockets executed the braking process. The attitude controls maintained spacecraft position exactly throughout the retrofire sequence; about six minutes after the first retrorocket fired, Glenn carefully pitched the conical end of the spacecraft up to the correct, 14-degree negative pitch attitude for its downward plunge through the atmosphere.
Now came one of the most dramatic and critical moments in all of Project Mercury. In the Mercury Control Center, at the tracking stations, and on the recovery ships ringing the globe, engineers, technicians, physicians, recovery personnel, and fellow astronauts stood nervously, stared at their consoles, and listened to the communications circuits. Was the segment 51 reading on the landing bag and heatshield correct? If so, would the straps on the retropack keep the heatshield in place long enough during reentry? And even if they did, was the thermal protection designed and developed into the Mercury spacecraft truly adequate? Would this, America's first manned orbital flight, end in the incineration of the astronaut? The whole Mercury team felt itself on trial and awaited its verdict.
Glenn and Friendship 7 slowed down during their long reentry glide over the continental United States toward the hoped-for splashdown in the Atlantic. The Corpus Christi station told Glenn to retain the retropack until the g meter before him read 1.5. Busily involved with his control problems, Glenn reported over the Cape that he had been handling the capsule manually and would use the fly-by–wire control mode as a backup. Mercury Control then gave him the .05-g mark, and the pilot punched the override button, saying later that he seemed to be in the fringes of the g field before he pushed. Almost immediately Glenn heard noises that sounded like "small things brushing against the capsule." "That's a real fireball outside," he radioed the Cape, with a trace of anxiety perhaps evident in his tone. Then a strap from the retropackage swung around and fluttered over the window, and he saw smoke as the whole apparatus was consumed. Although his control system seemed to be holding well, his manual fuel supply was down to 15 percent, with the deceleration peak still to come. So he switched to fly-by-wire and the automatic tank supply.
Friendship 7 came now to the most fearful and fateful point of its voyage. The terrific frictional heat of reentry enveloped the capsule, and Glenn experienced his worst emotional stress of the flight. "I thought the retropack had jettisoned and saw chunks coming off and flying by the window," he said later. He feared that the chunks were pieces of his ablation protection, that the heatshield might be disintegrating, but he knew there was nothing to gain from stopping work.
Shortly after passing the peak g region, the spacecraft began oscillating so severely that Glenn could not control the ship manually. Friendship 7 swung far past the "tolerable" 10 degrees on both sides of the zero-degree point. "I felt like a falling leaf," Glenn would recall. So he cut in the auxiliary damping system, which helped to stabilize the large yaw and roll rates to a more comfortable level. Fuel in the automatic tanks, however, was getting low. Obviously the heatshield had stayed in place; Glenn was still alive. But now he wondered whether his capsule would remain stable down to an altitude at which the drogue parachute could be deployed safely.
The pilot's fears proved real when both fuel supplies ran dry. Automatic fuel gave out at 111 seconds, and manual fuel depleted at 51 seconds, before the drogue deployment. The oscillations rapidly resumed, and at about 35,000 feet Glenn decided he had better try to deploy the drogue manually lest the spacecraft flip over into an antenna-downward instead of a heatshield-downward position. But just as he lifted his hand toward the switch, the drogue automatically shot out at 28,000 feet instead of the nominal 21,000. Suddenly the spacecraft straightened out and, as Glenn reported, "everything was in good shape."
All systems in Friendship 7 worked with precision for the remainder of the flight. At about 17,000 feet the periscope opened again for the pilot's use. Glenn, instead, glanced out the window, but it was coated with so much smoke and film that he could see very little. The spacecraft stabilized in its descent; the antenna section jettisoned; and Glenn, with immense relief, watched the main chute stream out, reef, and blossom. The Florida control center reminded Glenn to deploy the landing bag. He flipped the switch, saw the green light confirmation, and felt a comforting "clunk" as the shield and impact bag dropped into position four feet below the capsule. Glenn watched the ocean coming up to meet him and braced as the gap closed. Jolted by an impact that was more reassuring than stunning, he bobbed in the water, checked his watertight integrity, and relayed his elation that a successful MA-6 mission seemed assured.48
Friendship 7 had splashed into the Atlantic about 40 miles short of the predicted area, as retrofire calculations had not taken into account the spacecraft's weight loss in consumables. The Noa, a destroyer code-named Steelhead, had spotted the spacecraft during its descent. From a distance of about six miles the destroyer radioed Glenn that it could reach him shortly. Seventeen minutes later, the Noa cruised alongside; a sailor smartly cleared the spacecraft antenna; and Boatswain's Mate David Bell deftly attached a davit line for pickup. During the hoist upward the spacecraft bumped solidly against the side of the destroyer. Once Friendship 7 was lowered to the mattress pallet, Glenn began removing paneling, intending to leave the capsule through the upper hatch. But it was too hot, and the operation was too slow for the already long day. So he told the ship's crew to stand clear, carefully removed the hatch detonator, and hit the plunger with the back of his hand. The plunger recoiled, cutting Glenn's knuckles slightly through his glove and giving him the only injury he received during the whole mission. A loud report indicated that the hatch was off. Eager hands pulled out the smiling astronaut, whose first words were "It was hot in there."
Lieutenant Commander Robert Mulin of the Navy and Captain Gene McIver of the Army, physicians assigned to the Mercury recovery team, described Glenn as being hot, sweating profusely, and fatigued. He was lucid but not loquacious, thirsty but not hungry. After drinking a glass of water and showering, he became more talkative. Asked if he felt any "stomach uneasiness" either during the flight or while he lolled the 17 minutes in the floating spacecraft waiting for pickup, Glenn admitted only to some "stomach awareness," beginning after he was down on the water. But there was no nausea, and the examining physicians assured themselves that Glenn's condition was caused by heat, humidity, and some dehydration. He had lost five pounds, five ounces from his preflight weight of 171 pounds, seven ounces. He had consumed the equivalent of only 94 cubic centimeters of water, in the form of applesauce puree, during the flight, while his urine output was 800 cubic centimeters. He also had perspired profusely while awaiting pickup.
Glenn's temperature an hour after landing was 99.2 degrees, or only a degree higher than his preflight reading, and by midnight he recorded a normal temperature. His blood pressure registered only a fraction higher than the preflight readings. The condition of his heart and lungs was normal before and after the mission, and there was nothing unusual about his skin except the superficial abrasions on the knuckles, caused by opening the hatch. By the time President Kennedy called his personal congratulations by radio telephone to Glenn aboard the Noa, the "wonderful trip–almost unbelievable" was over, Glenn was safe and sound, and 100 million American television viewers had happily ceased their vigil.
After recording on tape a "self-debriefing" aboard the Noa, Glenn was transferred to the carrier Randolph, where his chest was x-rayed, an electrocardiogram was made, and the initial phase of the technical debriefing was started. From there the astronaut was transported to Grand Turk Island, where a much more thorough physical began about 9:30 p.m., under the direction of Carmault B. Jackson, assistant to Flight Surgeon Douglas. February 20, 1962, proved to be "a long day at the office" for Glenn. After exhaustive tests and observations the attending physicians could find no adverse effects from Glenn's threefold circumnavigation in space. Technical debriefings continued for two days on the island and then moved to the Cape for another day's session.
The postflight analysis of Glenn's use of the three-axis handcontroller during reentry showed that about half of the thrust pulses he initiated opposed the direction of spacecraft motion, as they were supposed to. But the other half of the handcontroller movements either reinforced oscillating motions or had no net damping effect. The issue of "pilot-induced error" was picked up by some newsmen and reported as a controversy rather than a problem.
Now that the primary objectives of Project Mercury had been achieved at last in grand style, the drive for perfection in performance, so indispensable to manned space flight, still did not slow down.
|Mercury MA-6
Credit: www.spacefacts.de
|Mercury MA-6
Glenn aboard Friendship 7
Credit: NASA
The 6555th Aerospace Test Wing launched the Mercury/Atlas D (MA-6), "Friendship 7," that placed the Mercury capsule containing LtColonel John Glenn, USMC, into orbit for the first Project Mercury manned orbital flight. "Friendship 7" completed three orbits before successful reentry and recovery in the Atlantic Ocean. First US manned orbital mission. John Glenn finally puts America in orbit. False landing bag deploy light led to reentry being started with retropack left in place on heat shield. It turned out that indicator light was false and a spectacular reentry ensued, with glowing chunks of the retropack whizzing by the window. After four hours and 43 minutes the spacecraft reentered the atmosphere and landed at 2:43 pm EST in the planned recovery area NE of the Island of Puerto Rico. All flight objectives were achieved. Glenn was reported to be in excellent condition. Beause of failure of one of the automatic systems, the astronaut took over manual control of the spacecraft during part of the flight. With this flight, the basic objectives of Project Mercury had been achieved.
NASA announced that the spacecraft, Friendship 7, used in the Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) manned obital mission would be lent to the United States Information Agency for a world tour, involving 20 stops and touching all continents. This tour was known as the 'fourth orbit of Friendship 7.' William Bland of the Mercury Project Office served as tour officer.
The Friendship 7 spacecraft of the Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) manned orbital mission (Glenn flight) was placed on display at the Century 21 Exhibition in Seattle, Washington. After this exhibition, the spacecraft was presented to the National Air Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, at formal presentation exercises on February 20, 1963.
Studies completed by the Navy Biophysics Branch of the Navy School of Aviation Medicine, Pensacola, Florida, disclosed that astronaut Glenn had received less than one-half the cosmic radiation dosage expected during his orbital flight. The Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) spacecraft walls had served as excellent protection.


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Fulfil your obligations after European Commission's decision
Fulfil your obligations after European Commission's decision
The European Commission prepares a draft authorisation decision within three months after receiving the opinions from ECHA. Following the draft decision, a minimum of three months is needed for the vote in the REACH Committee and the subsequent adoption procedure, including translations, in the Commission. The whole decision-making process therefore takes normally more than six months.
Obligations after an authorisation has been granted
If the authorisation is granted by the European Commission, it is subject to the conditions described in the Chemical Safety Report submitted in the application. The Commission's authorisation decision may stipulate additional conditions. The authorisation holder should continue its efforts to find safer alternatives after receiving the Commission's decision.
Authorisation holders
Authorisation holders must comply with the conditions of the decision. Upstream authorisation holders, that is manufacturers, importers or only representatives, must include the authorisation number on the label before they place the substance or the mixture containing the substance on the market. Upstream authorisation holders must also update the safety data sheet (SDS).
Downstream users covered by the authorisation of an upstream actor
Downstream users of an Annex XIV substance covered by the authorisation of an upstream actor must comply with the conditions of the decision and notify to ECHA their use of the substance within three months of the first supply of the substance. ECHA keeps a register of these notifications, provides them to the Member State competent authorities and publicises summaries of the notifications on its website. Downstream users should also be in contact with the authorisation holders and suppliers and provide them with information for a possible review report. If the downstream users sell the substance further down in the supply chain, either on its own (following re-packaging) or in a mixture, they also have to pass on the information about the authorisation (in the SDS and the label) to their customers.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Spanish Word for for-the-time-being
English Word: for the time being
Spanish Word: provisionalmente
Now you know how to say for the time being in Spanish. :-)
Spanish Word: provisionalmente
Now you know how to say for the time being in Spanish. :-)
Interested in travelling to a Spanish-speaking country? Read the travel blog below:
Be aware of the mustard trick (Cuenca, Ecuador)
After a cup of coffee at my hostel, I went for a stroll around town. It was a beautiful morning, nice breeze, and people chatting on the street corners. Suddenly, a man tapped me on the shoulder and said in Spanish, "Sir, you have mustard all over the back of your pants." I turned and was surprised to see bright yellow mustard squirted all over the back of my legs. "Come over here. There is...
[ view entire travel blog ]
Popular Phrase: spanish sentence | Spanish vocabulary | Conjugated Verb: torcer - to twist, bend, warp, wring, sprain [ click for full conjugation ]


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Nathan Chase, PhD and Katharine Harmon, PhD are the co-moderators of the Pray Tell blog. You may contact them at: firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact Us
28 responses to "Contact Us"
Good luck on your mission. You can do a great deal of good.
I have to admit that many of the names of the contributors are unfamiliar to me. None of them have Latino surnames, however. One massive liturgical issue that North Americans need to think about is how best to incorporate the liturgical needs and practices of the burgeoning Latino population in the U.S. and Canada. Will churches need to have 3 Sunday masses–one for the TLM crowd, one for the N.O. crowd, and one for a more charismatic Spanish-speaking crowd?
Maybe, if you don't have one already, you could have a contributor or two who are real specialists in the liturgical practices and expectations of Latino immigrants.
I'm coming to the discussion late, so forgive me if my observations/reservations have already been discussed. Given the fact that this is a "fait accompli", I just have to vent some of my frustrations. Having been through all this back in the '60's, I've gone over the changes with a careful eye & actually tried to say a "dry Mass" every day for the past month. Here's what I noticed:
1. Innumerable instances where adjectives or adverbs were inserted that limited the theology inherent in the
phrase, or contradicted it ("spiritual" instead of "substantial"!).
2. The order of the phrase was reversed just to be different, but added nothing.
3. Several convoluted, run-on sentences that sounded like gibberish when SPOKEN.
4. Several incomplete sentences, misplaced modifiers, pronouns and co-relative clauses that didn't
agree with their antecedents.
5. Synonyms were used that added nothing; some words were just archaic ("dewfall" ?)
Thus my questions"
1. Was there anyone on the committee who had the slightest concept of grammar, style or sentence
structure, or how unprofessional & stupid this looks?
2. Granted a noble purpose, the solution causes more problems than it solves. So
how do I answer my parishioners when they ask me "Why"?
3. How do we justify the phenomenal outlay in energy, resources and expense (books, hymnals, etc.)
to implement a vehicle that is at best marginally better than what we have now, & in many instances
4. Any chance they'll admit it was a good idea that didn't work & go back to the drawing board to do a
better job, or am I just dreaming?
Fr. Salvatore – Your criticisms might seem valid were they to fit the new translation. And, I am not suggesting that, generally, they don't. But, pray, what is wrong with 'dewfall'. It seems to me that with some poetry of this sort as a gift, the faults are more than made up for. How often have I noticed that those who want to do a hatchet job on our linguistic heritage do love, with an air of chic infallibility, to toss that word 'archaic' about.
There is one problem with "dewfall." Dew doesn't fall.
Nor does the sun rise or set; that didn't stop the authors of the 1998 text from using that expression.
@Rita Ferrone – comment #7:
I thought that dewfall was a reference back to the manna in the Old Testament: God feeds us now with the Eucharist as a parallel to what he did for the Jews in the desert.
Would that be right? If so, then there's actually a good reason to use "dewfall."
But, pray, what is wrong with 'dewfall'?
"Like the dewfall" is not in the Latin text.
If memory serves "by the dew of your Spirit" is the correct English translation of the Latin.
Fr. Ruff, thank you for your sincere and thought-provoking letter on the Missal mess. Will Rome ever get it? I'm sorry to hear of your decision but support it completely. Thanks for all you have done and conitinue to do for the Church. Let us pray for each other and this great Church which we love.
Dear Fr. Anthony,
Thank you for your honesty, courage and faith. I too cannot understand church heirarchy. Don't give up hope, the Holy Spirit is still with us. Peace and all good……
Deacon Gene Kramer
Dear Fr. Anthony,
On this Feast Day of St. Scholastica (Feb 10) I write to tell you that I just read your open letter to the Bishops today in which you decided to cancel all future speaking opportunities on the upcoming liturgical changes. Anyone reading your letter can tell that it was a decision over which you agonized and gave a great deal of prayerful discernment. Given your great love for the Church and Her liturgy, given your years of dedicated service, this was truly a decision of "conscience" and in my estimation required great courage and fortitude. Please know that I will pray for you and for the Spirit to work in and through your decision, to rekindle the fire of divine love in the hearts of all those who are willing to listen. Thank you.
Stephen Steinbeiser
Director of Liturgy
I live in the UK but I respect and admire Fr. Ruff for his actions . Please can you e.mail me a postal snail mail address to send a card to Fr. Ruff ?
Many thanks
Rita Ferrone:
Rita is there anyway of asking the subscribers to this feed if anyone has infomation on anyone who might be doing or thinking of doing a biography of Bob Hovda? I am thinking of the project and have gotten encouragement from Gabe Huck, but don't want to underatake it if someone else has started.
Many thanks.
Bob Nugent
I would like to raise the topic of art offered in the new Roman Missal by the different publishers. Some are using black/white artwork, others using full vibrant colors. I am interested in critiques based on both personal tastes and the documents on art/architecture/worship from the Church.
I appreciate the beauty of the full color art. However I wonder if such art would be distracting to the presider. The cost of vibrant color editions seem outlandish. Pehaps the simplicity of the liturgy and central focus on the proclaimed Word and Eucharist act would override the purchase of highly priced editions.
-signed by a pastor who has not pre-ordered a missal.
As a retired priest with the pastoral care of a small ageing community, the introduction of the new translation has me beat. We have agreed to use the new people's responses, but I will make moderate use of a marker pen on the prefaces, EP's and prayers. If Lefevre can get away with non-conformity I can surely be allowed a few concessions for my advancing age. Anyway, the Bishop (Toowoomba Diocese) can't discipline me, he got the papal chop.
Fr Hanlon, it sounds like a lot of work. Why not root up the 1998 texts instead? I believe some churches are doing so. I shall recite the current EPs from memory.
Joe, do you know where the 1998 texts are available?
My parish had a dress rehearsal mass today using the words of the new missal and during it, I cried. They were not tears of joy, they were tears of sadness. Sadness that the liturgy of my church, the only liturgy I have ever known, the only words that I have ever known are dying, and that means that my church is dying.
The words may be closer to the latin translation, but they are clunky, they do not flow, and they are too grandiose. The people don't want a more mysterious church and more traditional church, they want the church they have had.
My church is dying.
Jeffrey Pinyan at 9:41 pm, 25 October
But doesn't 2010/2011 have:"from the rising of the sun to its setting"? Why then instance only 1998?
At the end of the day, I think "from east to west" gets it just right, but alas I lost that battle in about 1990.
Yes, it's "dew" not "dewfall." But there was a certain squeamishness concerning "dew" and how it would be heard. So that noted voice from antiquity, Cat Stevens, was seen as the sure way out.
Because 1998 is touted by many here as the solution to both the problems of both the old and new translations. But if someone had a mind to correct with white-out and pen a phrase in the 2011 missal, they should be prepared to do the same to the 1998.
"Morning Has Broken" predates Stevens by a few decades, unless he was the author of the "dewfall" verse.
Rita Ferrone :
There's another problem with dewfall. Dewfall is a time of day, or the formation of dew. It is not dew. So neither meaning of dewfall is equivalent to the word dew, which would have been accurate. They changed it from dew to dewfall because it would probably be unintelligible when spoken. Are they banking on the likelihood that it's a word used so seldom that no one will notice the difference? Jackson, you didn't notice did you?
Alright! Here it is! From the compact OED:
'Dewfall: the formation or deposition of dew, the time when this begins, in the evening'. It has been around for centuries and is related to the Danish 'dugfald'.
Graham Wilson's observation, though, is weighty.
Still, this is a more interesting and justifiable liberty than the spoiled fruit of equivalency.
But isn't "dewfall" dynamic/functional equivalency? When it suits!
No….. no, it isn't. Not at all!
Hi Fr. Anthony,
I wanted to share this with your PrayTell community but I didn't know how to post it.
First I checked out the Vatican Liturgy… then I received this email.
This isn't a worship service, it's a concert, but still. What's next? iPastor, iMusicMinister, iCatechist? Interesting that at the end they still needed a human being to finish the song. It is at that point the missing element of warmth is added.
Oh well… whatever makes your marshmallow float.
Merry iNativity!
Change use of "Ordinary Time"? We know "ordinary"" refers to 'ordinal', 'counted' time. BUt not always consecutive. When we use "Sunday of the Year", the 16th SUnday of the year chronologically could be the 21st Sunday of the year.
Why not go back to "x Sunday After Pentecost"? Keeps the Pentecost event in our consciousness and may encourage us to 'gauge' our growth in the Spirit.
I think I've found a some errors in RM3, see Euch Prayer Reconciliation 2:
at section "2":
"You, therefore, almighty Father,
we bless through Jesus Christ your Son,
who comes in your name.
SHOULDN'T THIS really be:
"We bless You, almighty Father,
through Jesus Christ your Son,
who comes in your name.
the last FOUR lines:
you brought us back
to be reconciled, O Lord,
so that, converted at last to you,
we might love one another
through your Son,
whom for our sake you handed over to death.
and ADDING PUNCTUATION makes the text clearer when listening.
"you brought us back
to be reconciled, O Lord,
so that, converted at last to you,
we might love one another
through your Son,
whom–for our sake–you handed over to death.
Has anyone on this site given an explanation of why Jn.1:29 as used prior to Communion has gone from "peccatum" (which is in the singular in both the Greek and Latin texts of Scripture) to "peccata" ?


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Mayweather Hints Name Of Next Foe Could Come This Week
Grand Rapids (United States) (AFP) – Unbeaten U.S. fighter Floyd Mayweather hinted that the identity of his next foe, speculated to be Britain's Amir Khan, could be revealed this week.
In a report Tuesday on the MLive Media Group website from Mayweather's home state of Michigan, Mayweather was quoted as saying last week that this week could be a big one.
Asked about his fight future on November 27, Mayweather said, "Next week. I'm looking forward to next week. But as for me right now I'm not thinking about boxing."
Mayweather, 45-0 with 26 knockouts, is expected to fight on May 3 of next year in his first bout since taking the World Boxing Council and World Boxing Association light middleweight titles in a 12-round majority decision over Saul "Canelo" Alvarez on September 14.
Khan became the top speculative candidate after he failed to sign a deal that appeared set to face American Devon Alexander this Saturday, the talk being that he did not want to risk a chance for a big-money fight with Mayweather by taking on Alexander first.
While both camps denied that was the case, the move meant Khan has fought only once this year, the fewest bouts of any year in his career. His last bout was a unanimous decision victory in April over Mexico's Julio Diaz.
Asked about facing Filipino icon Manny Pacquiao, the fighter that boxing fans have wanted Mayweather to fight for several years, the 36-year-old champion only replied: "Who?"
AFP Photo/Al Bello


text:
104 From Leonidas Pitchlynn (Camp Clear Creek). To Peter P. Pitchlynn. Dated Aug. 8, 1862. Re: trip to Ft. Washita for supplies; orders expected; Leonidas' attempts to attain the status of colonel.
105 From William K. McKean. To Peter P. Pitchlynn. Dated Dec. 18, 1862. Re: his company and its numerical strength. The rest is unreadable.
106 From Turner B. Turnbull (Boggy Depot, C.N.). To Samuel Garland. Dated Dec. 22, 1862. Re; the return of slaves to the proper owners.
107 From Trimble and Martin (Washington, Arkansas). To Peter P. Pitchlynn. Dated may 13, 1863. Re; mail service.
108 From Samuel Garland (Locust Hill, C.N.). to Peter P. Pitchlynn. Dated May 13, 1863. Re: the Cherokees and the Lincoln (U.S.) government.
109 From Samuel Garland (Locust Hill, C.N.). To Peter P. Pitchlynn. Dated may 20, 1863. Re: intentions of carrying out the duties of office and the Choctaw Constitution; profession of ignorance regarding military regulations and militias.
110 From James Penney. To Peter P. Pitchlynn. Dated June 6, 1863. Re: flag made by local ladies to be presented to a regiment by same.
111 From John T. Chesnut and John T. Fears. To Peter P. Pitchlynn. Dated June 26, 1863. Re: presentation of Confederate flag to Choctaw Regiment.
112 From Robert M. Jones (Kiamichi, C.N.). To George Hudson. Dated Aug. 22, 1863. Re: Col. Hunter and his wishes to organize a regiment with which to defend the C.N. and his guarantee that Choctaw soldiers would not fight outside their Nation; two Choctaw companies recently sworn into Confederate army.
The University of Oklahoma Libraries | 401 West Brooks Street, Norman, OK 73019 | (405)325-4142


text:
BISC219/F13: How to Use the NikonSM1500
How to use the NIKON SM1500 microscope and camera with Spot™ Software to take photos of your worms
You may download a .doc file of these directions from this link: Media: NikonSM21500_directions_2.doc
Place your worm plate on the specimen platform on the glass circle.
Turn on and LogOn to the Computer User Name: adminstrator Password: youk20 (that's a zero not an O)
Turn ON the Camera using the switch at the top of the black box on top of the microscope BEFORE turning on the Spot software.
Double Click on the Spot Basic icon on the Desktop of the computer to open the program.
Select the Insight 2MpMosiac option from the popup menu.
Turn on ONLY the NCL150 Trans-illumination light switch. Do not turn on the FiberLite box behind the computer monitor but DO turn on the Trans-illumination NCL150 box switch on the box below the FiberLite box. Make sure ONLY the trans-illumination is on LOW. DO NOT use the HIGH setting. You can adjust the trans-illumination light intensity with the the knob next to the on/off/ high/low switch. The 2 setting should work for us.
Click on the LIVE button on the left top corner of the Spot software window on the computer screen.
Focus the image seen on the screen using the black knobs in the center of the column on the right of the computer monitor.
Adjust the magnification with the knobs on the Nikon SM1500 camera column directly above the specimen.
The mirror adjustment under the specimen is controlled with an adjustment knob on the right side of the specimen platform.
Make sure the Photo/Bin lever is toward you.
Click the White Balance Value button (4th from the right –icon looks like a spectrum) in the Spot software window toolbar. It will open a window to BEGIN computing white balance. When it is done, you should see a reduction in the yellow color on the screen
Click the camera icon on the toolbar to take a photo. A window will pop up with your image. If you like it, click SAVE AS and find .jpg from the menu. Be sure to label your photo and save it to a subfolder for your Lab Section and Team Color in the 219 F10 folder on the desktop. You may make subfolders in your team's folder so that you are keeping your images properly labeled and organized for future use in the results section of your papers. Images that are left on the desktop of the computer will be discarded. When you are finished, if no one else wants to use the camera or microscope, turn off the camera and both light sources. You should log out but not shut down the computer.


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"We can say little, if anything, about what these patterns [above] signify, why they were cut into rocks, or who created them. For all intents and purposes, they might have been made by aliens." When a new NASA book on alien communications has a paragraph like that, you better pay attention.
Read the update at the end of the article
Of course, the scientists and scholars who contributed to Archaeology, Anthropology and Interstellar Communications—a new 300-page volume [1.8MB PDF] edited by Douglas A. Vakoch—are not saying these carvings were made by aliens. They're saying that, since we don't really know the origin and meaning of these markings—which were made thousands of years ago all cross Europe, America and India—we can assume that they are made by aliens as a test to what we may encounter when we actually make contact with a civilization from another planet.
It's a serious book—deep and complex, but quite accessible. I have been going through it and it is truly fascinating stuff. And I'm not only talking about the gem at the top of this article:
Consider again, therefore, the desirability of establishing symbolic/linguistic communication with ETI [Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence]. It is helpful to review some parallels from human existence that pose problems for us today. One of these is "rock art," which consists of patterns or shapes cut into rock many thousands of years ago. Such ancient stone carvings can be found in many countries [...]
We can say little, if anything, about what these patterns [above] signify, why they were cut into rocks, or who created them. For all intents and purposes, they might have been made by aliens.
A replica of an unusual cup-and-ring-marked stone from Dalgarven, North Ayrshire, Scotland.
The larger picture
That's only a tiny part of a much larger logical chain that takes into consideration our knowledge on historical and prehistorical Earth, as well as our understanding of biology, evolution, and physics. For example, after going through a number of assumptions about the potential physical and biophysical differences in Chapter 15—titled Constraints on Message Construction for Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence—Vakoch writes about the implications (emphasis mine):
If the reader accepts these assumptions, then our first constraint on possible messages is simple: don't think of "sound worlds" or music or speech as the domains, vehicles, or contents of ETI messages. Regardless of semiotic concerns (see below), the accessibility of acoustic messaging must remain doubtful. Furthermore, there will be intended and unintended aspects of performance, which elaborate the difficulties of using sound. In my view avoidance of the sound world need not be controversial.
On the other hand, vision and the use of images would appear to be at least plausible. Although spectral details cannot be considered universal, the physical arrangement of objects on a habitable planet's surface will be shaped in part by gravity (the notion of a horizon might well be universal) and thus multispectral images might plausibly be considered worthwhile for messages. More generally, the implications for considering SETI/CETI as some sort of anthropological challenge need teasing out.
Makes total sense to me.
I won't quote more of the book here because that would be a worthless exercise, but so far—I'm still eagerly reading it—it's a really great read.
It's comforting that NASA is thinking about human-alien communication under a new focus, one that is not purely based on the physical sciences of planetary research or exobiology, but that ties it with our current experience in trying to decipher our own archeological and anthropological past. That, according to Vakoch, is the objective of this volume (emphasis mine):
The chapters in this volume combine incisive critique with hope that there is a response to the skepticism behind these critiques. Addressing a field that has been dominated by astronomers, physicists, engineers, and computer scientists, the contributors to this collection raise questions that may have been overlooked by physical scientists about the ease of establishing meaningful communication with an extraterrestrial intelligence.
These scholars are grappling with some of the enormous challenges that will face humanity if an information-rich signal emanating from another world is detected. By drawing on issues at the core of contemporary archaeology and anthropology, we can be much better prepared for contact with an extraterrestrial civilization, should that day ever come.
Update 3
NASA pulled the book and press release from their site. William Barry, NASA Chief Historian, wrote to tell me why this happened:
I'm Bill Barry, NASA Chief Historian. The NASA History Program Office is publishing Archaeology, Anthropology & Interstellar Communication next month. I'm glad that you found the e-copies that accidentally showed up on the web last night so interesting.
But you may have noticed that those links to the book have been disappearing today. That's because the page you saw was a draft web page for the planned book release early next month. Our publication support folks accidentally published the page to the web instead of saving it for review. The PDF and e-Book versions you saw there are complete, but the rest of our publication release process (e.g., getting the hard copies from the printer) are not done yet. We expect to make the book available (in print and in free e-Book versions) around June 10th.
Of course, it never hurts to have some positive pre-publication buzz. But, rather than pointing your readers to what are, or soon will be, dead links (at least for a couple of weeks), I hope that you will consider this a (not very) exclusive sneak peek of our (very soon to be) forthcoming book - and let your readers know that it will be available for free download from NASA early next month.
Again, I'm delighted that you enjoying it. All the best,
So please be a little bit patient. The book is coming online soon enough. Thanks for the heads up, Bill.
Update 4
NASA Chief Historian William Barry has written again to say that, given the interest provoked by this article, they have decided to accelerate the online publication. You can now download it as a Kindle book,a universal ePub, or PDF.
The book will be available on hard cover and paperback this summer.


text:
Jazz 92, Wizards 88
The road-weary Washington Wizards wanted to get home after traveling cross-country and playing four games in six days.
They still had one more to go, though, and for the first 40 minutes Wednesday night they looked uninspired against a Utah Jazz squad that had won seven of its previous nine.
But instead of giving up after trailing by 22 points in the first half and 15 entering the fourth quarter, Washington fought back within two on Kevin Seraphin's jumper with 6:57 left.
Paul Millsap, however, made sure the Wizards never got over the hump. He had 16 points and 15 rebounds to help the Jazz hold on for a 92-88 victory.
''We still need to learn how to put teams away,'' said Millsap, who added two blocks and three steals.
Millsap's 14-foot baseline jumper with 21 seconds left halted a nearly 3-minute scoreless stretch for the Jazz and bumped their lead to 90-84.
Martell Webster's third 3-pointer cut Utah's lead to 90-87 with 15 seconds left, but ex-Wizards guard Randy Foye made both free throws with 11 seconds remaining to seal it.
''It was a good fight for us but just a bad job of coming out and being ready to play,'' said Wizards guard A.J. Price, who had 10 points and three assists.
''Consensus is everybody's ready to get home. There's no secret about that but at the same time we have to come out and play the game. (You would be) feeling much better about yourself if you come and end the road trip with the `W' as opposed to the way we did tonight.''
The Wizards, who have been playing well since the return of guard John Wall after he missed 33 games with a knee injury, finished 2-3 on their road trip. That followed a three-game home winning streak.
''The last eight games we've built a good, solid round of basketball, and we've got to continue to build on that and not take any steps backward, moving forward when we get back from the trip,'' Wizards coach Randy Wittman said.
The Jazz did just about everything right early.
They shot 63.2 percent in the first quarter and used a 22-6 run to open the second quarter, showing their depth with a second unit that doesn't have much drop-off.
Enes Kanter continued his hot shooting, making his first four shots for a 10-point quarter. Gordon Hayward, whose move to the bench coincided with Utah's first game against Washington, an 83-78 Jazz victory on Nov. 17, attacked the rim with some fancy dribbling and footwork to finish with 15 points.
''We're getting stops defensively and showing some physicality and that's what got us the lead,'' Hayward said. ''We got buckets in transition and easy baskets when we executed.''
It was a different story in the fourth quarter.
''We let them dictate where we were going with their pressure,'' Hayward said. ''We let them get two or three buckets in a row. We just need to calm down and not rush through stuff. We got going too fast and (gave) them easy looks on the other end.''
Webster led Washington with 15 points. Wall added 14 in 27 minutes for the Wizards as they try to ease him back following knee surgery.
Emeka Okafor scored just six points but added 17 rebounds for Washington.
''Second half we just kept playing, fighting, gave ourselves a chance,'' Wall said. ''We missed a couple of easy shots down the stretch. . I don't think we had enough legs to close it out.''
The Wizards shot just 23.8 percent in the first quarter and 36 percent overall, but went 7 of 18 on 3-pointers.
Though they were outscored in the paint 46-38 they held their own on the boards, matching Utah's 51.
Utah also got some key plays from veteran point guard Jamaal Tinsley, who works out with Wall in the summer. Tinsley finished with 11 points and six assists.
But it was Millsap, frequently the subject of trade rumors, who took over in the fourth.
He drew a charge by Wall and had a key steal from Nene with 3:26 left that resulted in a clear path foul for Hayward, who sank both free throws.
And after Bradley Beal's basket off Utah's 14th turnover pulled Washington to 88-84 with 1:10 left, Millsap made the biggest shot of the game.
''It's a concern when we lose big leads, but we're winning the game so we're not going to go crazy about it,'' Jazz coach Tyrone Corbin said. ''You'd like to learn a lesson not to relax when we're up. Turnovers and fast scores for the opponents is what's really concerning.''
After playing only three games in 11 days, Utah heads to Los Angeles to face the Lakers on Friday.
NOTES: Utah Gov. Gary Herbert was in attendance, sitting next to Jazz President Randy Rigby.. Kanter finished 4 of 4 and is 14 of 15 over Utah's last four games. . Okafor's 17 rebounds were one shy of his season high. . Washington shot 5 of 21 in the first quarter.


text:
The Holy Instant
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Subtitle: Guided Experiences From A Course In Miracles
In this day and age of frazzled nerves and short tempers, we need moments of peace — we need a holy instant.
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With medical science beginning to agree on the healing power of meditation and forgiveness, it makes sense for us to take an instant — a holy instant — for healing. Let The Holy Instant help you to transcend your judgments, fear, and physical limitations and catch a glimpse of eternity!
"Beverly and Steven's recordings are wonderful. They bring A Course In Miracles right to your heart. I find them very moving." — Marianne Williamson: author of the bestsellers A Return To Love and A Course In Weight LossBy Beverly Hutchinson and Steven Halpern


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Roll, squeeze and stretch this red putty to help strengthen hands, improve fine motor skills and reduce stress. Use with adult supervision. Not for mouthing or chewing. Product may stick to hair. Safety tested CPSIA compliant. Non-toxic.
- Improve fine motor skills, promote focus/attention, and reduce stress
- An excellent sensory processing tool for your home, classroom or therapeutic environment
- Fun, functional and sensory friendly
- 1 Can of 4oz Putty


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Rodger received many requests for just the single gimmicked color changing knife in Pearl White and Brown Jigged Bone. It has been called The Ultimate Color Changing Knife. These knives are the very best ever produced! They have been custom designed by magicians for magicians and quality built to last. The knife has 3 highly polished stainless steel blades. It is fitted with solid brass liners and pins and real nickel silver bolsters. It has deep etched thumb pulls located on each side of every blade for an extra added subtlety. The slightly rounded shape makes the "paddle move" easy to perform and very deceptive. The size is 3 1/2 inches long, by 1/2 inch wide, so they can be seen from quite a few feet away. Having the deep jigging into the bone handle makes it very easy to tell one side from the other while in your pocket. This is not some cheap dollar store knife. The machine work is precise in every detail. The handles are absolutely beautiful.
Please make sure to order yours today before they all vanish! Only available in a limited supply!
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Since there is only one review on Amazon, you can have it directly:
'Perfection knives are made of corrosion-resistant chromium molybdenum vanadium steel, hardened to an excellent degree and expertly ground"
suitably vague. What steel, what rockwell hardness?
Fissler makes 3 lines: perfection, passion and persimmon. Ok, I made-up that last one. Woot- you looking for writers?
X50CrMoV15 is a German steel, and the very same found in the Wusthof and Henckels lines; I quite imagine you can expect similar performance with these as the forged models from the aforementioned brands. It is a good steel; tough and corrosion resistant. This durability comes at a cost, and you won't see the same edge-retention as in the higher-end Japanese blades using VG-10 and SG2 steel. However, you also won't experience the ease of chipping and staining. For most home-chefs, this is a very adequate and desirable blade material. As for the contemporary geometry: while I cannot speak for these, they do remind me of the Wusthof Culinar, which if they're anything like, should be comfortable to use.
X50CrMoV15, it says so on the blade in one of the pictures.
In their other knife series with the same steel they claim Rockwell hardness of 58. Typically X50CrMoV15 is 54-56.
The other knife line is "perfection".
The price is a bit higher than the going price as it would be sold in Germany at Amazon.de, currently EUR 243,95 http://www.amazon.de/Fissler-8803606001-Messerblock-7-teilig-Bestehend/dp/B0026P383S
The math - Euro 243,95 includes 19% VAT (a bit different tax type, think of it as the European sales tax on steroids), so before VAT it is exactly Euro 205. Now use the dollar conversion rate of your choosing and compare.
Or in short - not the greatest deal in the world, but definitely a decent knife set depending on your needs.
Main differences: Does not need to be pampered as much as an Asian style knife set, but does not retain the edge as well either, so will need resharpening more often.
I have a bunch of nice knifes, but often I am too lazy to use them since I know I would not have the patience cleaning them properly, so sometimes it is a cheap ceramic knife or a for simple jobs and done with it for me.
Really, it depends on what you want. Not everybody needs a Shun or better knife set.
You only need one good knife. I just can't bring myself to pay for the ones that will never come out of the block.
Don't use the honing steel!
unless you've been trained to use one, you will ruin your knife.
if you want a sharp knife, pay a professional. Its not that expensive.
Its not that expensive if you happen to live in an area with a competent knife sharpening professional. Do you have any idea how difficult it is to find these folks?
Get a good steel. Go on You Tube and find a video on how to use it. Practice on a knife you can afford to ruin. Keep practicing until you figure out how to maintain a edge you can live with.
The honing steel should actually be used at least every week or two as part of your regular knife mantanence. It keeps your knife edge aligned between sharpening. (There are some good YouTube videos on how to do so correctly.) Sharpening should be done at least once a year, and that I would personally turn to a professional for, though that too is a skill that can be learned.
That said, not all honing steels are created equal. You should use a honing steel that is appropriate for your knife. I recently watched a good educational video on YouTube about how to select the right honing steel for your knife; it's by chefknivestogo called "Sharpening for N.oo.bies #11: Sharpening Steels." (Sorry for no link. I'm not able to access YouTube on my work computer.)
I wouldn't buy a set but it's nice to have more than 1 knife. I have 3 chef's knives and a paring knife that all receive regular use. I have 5 other knives that don't get regular use…though I will let other people use them instead of the ones I like.
Having 1 nice blade is probably better than having a table full of miracle blades but I think it's a little silly to say you only 'need' one. I don't need a lot of things that make my life incrementally happier.
It's both very easy to learn and difficult to 'ruin' a knife. Maybe trying to saw the steel in half might do that.
I use my chef's knife the most, but I also use a paring knife and a serrated knife often.
I use a boning knife less often, but I'm glad I have it when I need it. A chef's knife is not a good substitute.
"Warranty: 90 Day Woot Limited Warranty"
Hmm. Why isn't Fissler handling the warranty and why isn't it longer?
"Perfection Knife Block is made from stunning beechwood […]
Perfection knives are made of […]"
Except these are the passion line per the product title, specifications, and one of the pictures where the knife is labeled. Handles also seem to match the passion line. Fissler appears to have 3 lines–passion, perfection, professional.
Also, possibly related to my warranty question, I can only find the last 2 lines, not passion, available in the US.
I have never owned these, but I agree with previous commenters that a mix of knives is the way to go.
I have dishwasher safe el-cheapos for cutting hot dogs for mac and cheese.
I have wedding present walnut Chicago cutlery that have seen better days and have been overtaken by technology, but they have a comfortable heft and feel perfect for favorite recipes with favorite friends.
And I have a few high end Shuns for those rare gourmet days when I'm trying new recipes, new ingredients, and really want to wear out the cutting boards.
Within reason and if the budget allows, add a good knife or two to your tool kit.
Having a mix allows me to be generous and tolerant of guests who want to join in with the knife work. (Nobody likes the host who admonishes or scolds poor knife etiquette.)
But no matter how often you use one over another, reach for a knife that makes you smile.
most simply
Is this the Perfection or the Persuasion Series? Title is one, description is the other.
Will buy if one, won't if the other.


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|You may get .psd* file of "Roses bouquet splash effect" Photoshop tutorial by making a payment. Put the tutorial title in "Add special instructions to seller" line of PayPal and it will be sent to you shortly.
This is step by step Photoshop tutorial that teaches you how to create blurred, bokeh effect background and beautiful splash effect for Roses bouquet. You will use milk splashes, filters and layer style effects.
Picture before changes:
After(click image to enlarge):
- Used Images:
- Create a new Photoshop document little bit higher than original roses picture.
- Fill the first layer with black color.
- Insert roses photo into the second layer. File > Place.
- Duplicate "roses" layer and apply Gaussian blur filter(around 30%) for the bottom layer.
- Duplicate the blurred layer and merge both of blurred layers. Move created layer a little above.
- Make active original roses layer.
- Add Layer Mask to the original layer and process top edge of the layer with soft black brush in the Layer Mask.
- In order to separate background and foreground,Load selection for background flowers with Magnetic Lasso Tool.
- Apply Gaussian Blur filter to selected area - 5%.


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Angelina Jolie and her kids are now in Gozo, Malta. (All the pap agencies are heading there now. Yay for Tourism Malta!) They were photographed today in a boat where Brad Pitt is expected to join them so that they can begin their working honeymoon, shooting a new film that the Jolie wrote called By The Sea. It's supposed to be an "intimate character-driven drama" about a married couple.
So at first you were all like, GREAT!, let's have some Pitt Porn, right? US Weekly reported earlier this week, before the marriage announcement, that the two would be shooting some "crazy sex scenes".
But then I read today that the storyline involves the couple becoming "sexually obsessed with their neighbours". Melanie Laurent will play one of the neighbours.
Wait. So we're not getting any Brange love scenes? Or are their love scenes a result of creeping on their neighbours?
Another possibility: Angelina directs her husband, Brad, grinding up on top of Melanie Laurent. Three-way maybe?
Sure, OK. We've not seen that side of Jolie in a while.


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Habib Bank Limited HBL Careers April 2023 | Latest Software Developer Jobs
Table of Contents
Several Vacancies are announced in Habib Bank Limited HBL Careers Job Portal today for their Branches and mainly for the Head Office all over Pakistan, if you want to pursue your career in Banking Industry, then Habib Bank Limited HBL would be a Great Opportunity for you to build your Career. The main highlighted Position that is announced today in the Habib Bank Limited HBL Careers Latest Jobs Alert is for the Software Developer.
Habib Bank Limited HBL Careers April 2023 | Latest Software Developer Jobs Description:
- Position: Software Developer
- Expected Salary: 80,000 – 200,000
- Company Name: Habib Bank Limited HBL
- Qualification: Bachelor's Degree – CS/ IT/ CE
- Department: Development
- Experience: 2-3 Years of Experience
- Sector: Private Banking Company
- Deadline: 04th May 2023
- Location: Karachi, Pakistan
Habib Bank Limited HBL Careers Description:
- Establishing a detailed program specification through discussion with analysts and product managers clarifying what actions the program is intended to perform.
- Breaking down program specification into its simplest elements and translating this logic into a programming language to reach a possible solution to anticipated problems.
- Combining all elements of the program design and testing it;
- writing detailed documentation for the operation of the program by users and computer operators;
- consulting manuals, periodicals, and technical reports to learn new ways to develop programs and maintain existing skills and knowledge;
- updating, repairing, modifying, and developing existing software and generic applications.
How to Apply for Habib Bank Limited HBL Latest Jobs and Vacancies:
Candidates who are interested to apply for the Announced Vacancies are required to visit the Official Website of Habib Bank Limited HBL or simply just click the link given below ⬇⬇⬇:
Also Check the Vacancy in: United Bank Limited UBL Jobs and Careers
About Habib Bank Limited:
Embarking on a progressive journey, HBL continued to grow and expand in successive years. The Bank's first international branch opened in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 1951, while the construction of the iconic Habib Bank Plaza was completed in 1972, the year that also marked the commemoration of HBL's 25th anniversary.
With a sizeable domestic share, HBL was nationalized in 1974. The Bank became a trendsetter in the banking industry, acquiring the lion's share in inward foreign remittances and a major market share in loans to small industries, traders, and farmers.
In February 2004, the Bank was privatized and management control was handed over to AKFED. By April 2015, the Government of Pakistan divested its entire shareholding of 41.5% through the Privatization Commission of Pakistan, making HBL Pakistan's largest private bank.
HBL has not just been a pioneer in the banking industry but has also been a platform that has enabled dreams for millions of people. It has time and again, proven to be a catalyst for change by initiatives that have elevated Pakistan's image and reputation.
From bringing back international cricket to Pakistan through HBL PSL to helping strengthen the economy of the country through historic initiatives such as the Ehsaas Emergency Cash Program, HBL continues to enrich lives.
Why Join Habib Bank Limited?
At HBL, you will solve some of the most challenging and exciting business problems with us. While you deliver exceptional value to our clients, they take care of your well-being by offering paid annual leave, paid maternity leave, and an array of wellness programs.
Their offices also provide catered lunches and traditional annual celebrations to bring everyone together! They ensure you are consistently able to harness your potential by providing frequent learning & development opportunities at our state-of-the-art Learning Centres.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How to Apply for Jobs in Banking Sectors?
Most of the top-rated Banking Sectors in Pakistan like Habib Bank, Bank Alfalah, Meezan Bank, and others have their own Career Sections on their Official Websites, where they announce all the Vacancies. Interested Candidates have to Apply for those Jobs directly from their Jobs Portal. However, some Banks still use Conventional Methods in which they share their Official HR Email Address to which candidates must send their Resumes/CV.
What Qualifications do I Need to Work in a Bank?
As per the Regulation shared by the State Bank of Pakistan, an Application must need a Bachelor's Degree or 14 Years of Education in order to Apply for any Vacancy in the Banking Sector. However, a Bachelor's in Business Administration/ Commerce/ Bachelor's in Science of Finance/ Accounts/ Economics are the most common Initial Level Job Positions requirement that most Banking Institutions share.
What is the Initial Salary Banking Sector?
Well! It depends on which Banking Sector you're applying in, most commonly Rs. 22,000 is the initial Salary for the Banking Service Officer/ Teller and Cashier. If you're assigned to any Position within the Head Office of the Banking Sector then the Starting Salary is Rs. 25,000 whereas some Top Rated Banks offer Rs. 28,000 – Rs. 40,000 as the initial Salary as well.


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Brazilian Politician Solicits Votes with Leaflets, Packets of Cocaine
A woman running for city council in the northwestern Brazilian town of Itacoatiara was arrested on Sunday — election day — for allegedly distributing packets of cocaine to residents who promised to vote for her.
According to a report by the Brazilian website TNONline, 32-year-old Carme Cristina da Silva Lima aroused the suspicion of police when they spotted a large crowd gathered around her car.
As police moved in, the crowd quickly dispersed along with Lima and an unidentified man who was also in the car. A search of the vehicle turned up hundreds of cocaine packets attached to leaflets with instructions on voting for Lima.
"According to locals, she had been distributing the drugs since early in the morning, on condition that people vote for her," Police chief Daniel Ottoni told TNONline.
The candidate has since been charged with electoral corruption and drug dealing. A conviction would mean Lima would be unable to serve as a public official for a period of at least eight years.


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Past Events
Minor Requirement at Hunter: April 2009
During the fall of 2008, the general education reform committee conducted an in-depth analysis of the Minor Requirement at Hunter, and developed a set of recommendations which were widely circulated and discussed among the faculty, students and advising services:
- A minor is made optional for BA students.
- The courses needed to fulfill a minor—the minor course of study—are determined by the department or program that offers the minor, or in the case of an interdisciplinary minor (e.g., Public Policy) a committee of faculty members.
- The creation of a minor course of study would be optional for a department or program.
The Hunter College Senate approved these recommendations, which are the first changes to the minor requirement since 1943.
Pluralism and Diversity Discussion: January 23, 2009
This discussion was attended by the committee and a selection of faculty and administration who have worked with issues of pluralism and diversity. This discussion was part of an ongoing consideration of the Pluralism and Diversity requirements at Hunter College.
New Horizons for Human Rights: A Colloquium on the 60th Anniversary of the Signing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: December 10, 2008.
The talk featured: Richard A. Wilson on Human Rights Knowledge – Gladstein Chair of Human Rights, Professor of Anthropology and Director of the Human Rights Institute, University of Connecticut; Richard P. Hiskes on Human Rights Education, Professor of Political Science, Minor Director of the Human Rights Institute, University of Connecticut and Mariclaire Acosta on Human Rights Politics – Director, Americas Program of the International Center for Transitional Justice, Former Deputy Secretary for Human Rights and Democracy at the Mexico Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Founding Member and Former President of the Mexican Commission for the Defense and Promotion of Human Rights. Introductory remarks were made by President Jennifer J. Raab.
Pluralism and Diversity with Lani Guinier and Jonnetta Cole: September 24 and 25, 2008
This public conversation and faculty seminar in September 2008 on pluralism and diversity in higher education, with Lani Guinier, the first African American to achieve tenure at Harvard Law School, and Dr. Jonnetta Cole, the first African American woman to become president of Spellman College was moderated by Prof. Jacqueline Brown of the Department of Anthropology. Over 400 faculty, students, and community members attended the event. The following morning, Guinier and Cole participated in a discussion session with some 60 Hunter faculty and students.
Summer Summit on General Education: June 26 and 27, 2008
A gathering of faculty to discuss specific curricular issues took place on Thursday and Friday, June 26 and 27. The agenda and background materials from this meeting are posted on BlackBoard. Invitations were extended to approximately 80 faculty who have been attending Mellon Project meetings and have expressed interest in the relevant areas of discussion.
Technology Across the Curriculum: May 14, 2008
Topics included: 1) how the curriculum should create
opportunities for students to think critically about technologies in
their social, cultural, and political dimensions (curricular content
issue); 2) exploration of the ways in which the curriculum might
integrate experiences with new media, particularly in ways that make
visible the cognitive processes and capabilities we are trying to help
students cultivate, and which we as educators, researchers, and
critical inquirers want to understand better ourselves (curricular
content and pedagogical issue); and 3) technological training and
"information literacy" (databases, search processes, specific
technological skills).
Quantitative Reasoning Across the Curriculum: April 15, 2008
Panelists included: Manfred Kuechler (Sociology); Cullen Schaffer (Computer Science); Ezra Shahn (Biology); Rob Thompson (Math); Jason Young (Psychology)
Civic Understanding: Panel Discussion and Open Forum: April 9, 2008
Panelists included: Anthony Browne, Africana and Puerto Rican Studies; Omar Dahbour, Philosophy; Helena Rosenblatt, History; Joan Tronto, Political Science; Andrew Polsky, Political Science; and John Wallach, Political Science.
March 27, 2008: Captive Audiences: The Arts in General Education
A panel discussion on the arts in general education, including consideration of the benefits of engaging in performance and how performance might provide the basis for other learning, the relationship between performance and creativity, a broad definition of performance, and whether a curricular requirement in performance could accommodate a greater variety of arts courses.
March 19, 2008: Devising a Hunter Education for Multiple Points of Entry
A panel discussion about devising a general education program that focuses on the needs of students regardless of point of entry, including including Rebecca Connor, English; Case Willoughby, Director of Advising Services; Jerrell Robinson, Student Activities; Scott Stursa, Transfer Advising; Robert Cowan, Coordinator, Block Program and Co-Coordinator First Year Program; Linda Carlson, Special Assistant to the President.
December 3, 2007: "General Education in the 21st Century "
- Speaker: Bobbi Owen, Senior Associate Dean for Undergraduate Education, Professor of Dramatic Art, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Presentation: "The Process of General Education Reform"
- Discussion: "Supporting and Implementing General Education"
- Links: UNC Curricula, UNC biography of Bobbi Owen
- Listen to the Podcast
November, 2007: Workshop on "What Makes Good Writing?"
Leader: Shirley Clay Scott, Dean of Arts and Sciences, Hunter College
November, 2007: "What Every Hunter Graduate Should Know"
Faculty-wide discussion
October 31, 2007: Map of Knowledge
- Speaker: Alan Hausman
- Focus:
How the course, Humanities 110: Map of Knowledge, in its present form,
came into being, and the academic principles that guide it. Two
important parts of the presentation will be concerned with the writing
component of the course and the mentoring of TAs and Writing Fellows.
Dr. Roblin Meeks of Princeton University, a former teaching assistant
for the course, will discuss its influence on his career. Ms. Inna
Goldberg, a graduate of the Thomas Hunter Honors Program, now a
teaching assistant for the class and an adviser at the Reading Writing
Center, will discuss her experiences in both capacities with HUM 110.
Ms. Jessica Watson, a Mellon Fellow and student in the Thomas Hunter
Honors Program, will discuss her experience as a student in the course.
A question and answer period will follow.
- Listen to the Podcast
October 23, 2007: Innovative Approaches to Instruction in Writing and the Humanities: Two Programs led by Gerald Graff
- Presenter: Gerald Graff, Professor of English and of Education, University of Illinois at Chicago and President of the MLA.
- "Teaching Debate with Templates," with Cathy Birkenstein and Gerald Graff
Often without realizing it, experienced writers are masters of certain rhetorical conventions or "moves" that underlie all persuasive writing. In this session, Cathy Birkenstein and Gerald Graff suggest that these conventional moves are so commonly made that they can be represented in templates: fill-in-the-blank grids or scaffoldings that student writers can use right away to structure and even generate their ideas. The basic template that Cathy and Gerald Graff will focus on is one that, in their recent textbook,They Say/I Say": The Moves that Matter in Academic Writing(W.W. Norton 2006), they call the "They Say/I Say" move, which helps students engage the arguments 0f others ("they say") in a way that sets up their own claims ("I say").
- "Looking Back on the Culture War, or the New Improved Teach the Conflicts"
In the 1980s and 90s Gerald Graff became known for the argument that the best way educational institutions could respond to the increasingly polarized controversies over the canon and the curriculum would be to "teach the conflicts" themselves. In this talk, Graff reviews some of his earlier positions and the culture war climate then and now and offers a revised and corrected version of his former thesis.
September 26, 2007: Program on Science in General Education
- Darcy Kelley, Professor of Biology and creator of Columbia University's common core science course
- Donald Stearns, Project Director within Wagner College (SENSOR)
- Ezra Shahn, Professor of Biology, Hunter College.
May 11, 2007: Launching Event: Introducing Hunter's Mellon Project
- Welcome and Introduction: Jennifer J. Raab, President, Hunter CollegeVita C. Rabinowitz, Provost and Professor of Psychology, Hunter CollegePanel: "Demystifying General Education within CUNY and Beyond".
- Wendy Katkin, Facilitator, Mellon Project, Hunter College, "National Trends in General Education: Issues and Challenges."
- Judith Summerfield, University Dean for Undergraduate Education, City University of New York, "Liberal & General Education at CUNY: Promises and Practices"
- Francisco Soto, Dean of Humanities and Social Sciences, College of Staten Island, "General Education at CSI: Renewal and Assessment."
- Donald M. Scott, Professor of History and Director, Center for Teaching and Learning, Queens College, "Reforming General Education: Visions, Proposals, and Politics"