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Kinetic stability of all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixtures in the presence of high dose Ca2+ additive under clinical application circumstances
Nutrition Journal volume 11, Article number: 32 (2012)
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TPN infusions are usually administered during a treatment period of 10–24 hours per day due to the metabolic capacity of the liver. During this time interval physicochemically stable TPN solution (emulsion) is needed for the treatment. The purpose of the present study was to examine how the kinetic stability features of ready-made total parenteral nutrition admixtures containing olive oil and soybean oil will change under the usage-modeling 24-hour application with and without overdose Ca2+.
Particle size analysis and zeta potential measurements were carried out to evaluate the possible changes in the kinetic stability of the emulsions.
Our results indicate that in two of the four mixtures bimodal droplet-size distribution figures were detected and appearance of fat particles over 5 μm can not be disclosed. The tendency for separation of large diameter droplets in the two types of oil-based emulsion systems was different. In case of soybean containing emulsion second peak of droplets appeared in the bottom of the container in contrast to the olive oil containing emulsions where the second peak appeared in the surface layer. Interestingly this phenomenon is independent of calcium-content.
From therapeutic point the emulsions of the bigger droplets containing upper layer are safer because the potentially dangerous big droplets could remain in the infusion bag after the administration.
Total parenteral nutrition admixtures
Since over two decades it is well-known that good availability of nutrients can be reached by simultaneous administration of macronutrients. Clinical nutrition therefore is made by use of nutrient admixtures. Should we concentrate to the intravenous nutrition, these solutions are basically composed of amino acids, glucose and fat emulsions therefore they are called as all-in-one mixtures. Usually, additional important ingredients like electrolytes, trace elements and vitamins, are also concomitantly admixed and the final product is named as total parenteral nutrient (TPN) mixture [1]. There are special conditions (e.g. high risk of tetanic contraction or electrolyte depletion in case of cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation) when extra electrolytes are needed. Typically Ca2+ and phosphate are the boosted ions out of which Ca2+ is more dangerous in oil-containing mixtures due to the bivalent cation property that can damage lipid-droplet surface charge and so the repulsive force. TPN infusions are usually administered during a treatment period of 10–24 hours per day due to the metabolic capacity of the liver.
During this time interval physicochemically stable TPN solution (emulsion) is needed for the treatment. In our previous studies the droplet size stability of all-in-one nutritive mixtures containing different fat emulsions were studied. Authors concluded that droplet stability of MCT/LCT lipids surpassed the pure LCT [2] and the SMOF-lipid was more stable than that of MCT/LCT [3]. In our present study we broadened the range of lipids with olive-oil containing emulsion. The olive oil consists of mainly MUFA that has a lot of beneficial properties, primarily the stability against lipid-peroxidation [4]. This is important in case of storage because in the plastic (EVA) bags used for storage of TPNs peroxidation of lipids is much more pronounced than that in glass bottles [5]. In human studies, however the protective action against oxidative stress is controversial [6, 7]. Aging process in oil-containing colloid systems may increase critical flocculation concentration of eg. Ca2+ in the emulsions [8] and the lipid-peroxidation can play a role in the aging processes of colloid systems like oil-containing TPNs, this property of olive oil can be of importance in case of kinetic/physical stability of all-in-one nutrient mixtures however, we did not study the details of aging process itself in this experiment.
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate any clinically significant physicochemical difference between two TPNs containing LCT-based lipid emulsion regarding the droplet-size and zeta potential.
Physicochemical considerations
Total parenteral nutrition admixtures are colloid dispersion systems, where droplet-size should be under 5 μm in long-term. This size limit remains under the human red blood cell diameter (6–8 μm) and so producers and users can avoid occlusion of capillaries due to the fat-droplets in the infusion. Stable lipid-emulsions used in the iv therapy are usually monodisperse systems with a mean droplet diameter of 200–600 nm, and according to the Gauss-distribution with lower and upper limits of 95% at ca. 50 and 1000 nm respectively. According to the USP droplets with diameter higher than 5 μm are still allowed in parenteral lipid emulsions and in therapeutic admixtures but they must not exceed the proportion of 0.05% [9]. In emulsions used as human pharmaceuticals the droplets are usually stabilized with any type of lecithin. The Stern-layer around the small fat globules in the water-based emulsions like all-in-one iv nutritions, is a stable interface where the surrounding ions are strongly bound to the globules. The stability of this system depends on the repulsive and attractive colloidal forces, such as van der Waals, electrical double-layer and steric forces that act between the droplets. The repulsive force on the surface of the fat droplet can be measured as zeta-potential. In case of this type of emulsions negative charge of oil droplets below −30 mV means that the system is stable enough to be used for intravenous nourishment of patients [10]. Should we affect the density of the Stern-layer around the droplets by altering the conductivity (eg. addition of bivalent cations) we jeopardize the stability of the whole system, therefore monitoring of zeta-potential and the droplet-size in a new composition is essential before using it for treatment of patients.
Industrial convenience systems of OliClinomel N6-900 E (Baxter) and Kabiven (FreseniusKabi) were used as all-in-one nutrient mixtures. OliClinomel contains 80% of olive oil (LCT, in 60-80% esterified by C18-MUFA of the ω-9 subgroup) and 20% of soybean oil (LCT, mainly triglyceride esters composed of C-18:2 PUFA of the ω-6 subgroup). Kabiven contains 100% soybean oil (LCT, mainly C18:2 PUFA esters). The three-chamber bags were reconstituted according to the instruction for use by breaking the non-permanent seals between the compartments and then mixing them by inverting the bag [10].
An overdose of Ca-gluconate (25 ml into 1000 ml out of 100 mg/ml injection = 5.5 mmol/l Ca2+ extra) was added during the preparation process to one of the TPN. Ingredients in g/l and mmol/l after reconstitution and additional Ca-gluconate are as follows:
OliClinomel (samples OA and OC) Macronutrients: 34 g/l Amino acids, 120 g/l Glucose, 40 g/l FatMicronutrient: 32 mmol/l Na+, 24 mmol/l K+, 2.2 mmol/l Mg2+, 2 mmol/l (Sample OA) and 7.5 mmol/l (Sample OC) Ca2+, 10 mmol/l Phosphate, 53 mmol/l Acetate and 46 mmol/l Cl-.
Kabiven (samples KA and KC) Macronutrients: 33 g/l Amino acids, 100 g/l Glucose, 39 g/l FatMicronutrients: 31 mmol/l Na+, 23 mmol/l K+, 3.9 mmol/l Mg2+, 1.9 mmol/l (Sample KA) and 7.4 mmol/l (Sample KC) Ca2+, 9.7 mmol/l Phosphate, 3.9 mmol/l Sulphate, 38 mmol/l Acetate and 45 mmol/l Cl-.
Previously it was found that a moderate difference (up to 20%) in glucose content did not influence the droplet-stability under very similar electrolyte-environment [3]. So we can state that the two TPN systems studied in our present experiments are comparable. Test mixtures signed with C contain ca. 50% more Ca2+ than maximally advised by the manufacturers and it was considered the possible upper limit of Ca2+ content in the comparison of the stability of different mixtures.
After shaking the solution container, it has been connected to an infusion set and hanged up to an infusion stander. Light protection was not used and the storage temperature was hospital ward room-temperature (22–24°C). After a lag time of 5 minutes infusion administration with a speed of 2 ml/min (= 120 ml/hours) has been started. Samples for droplet-size control measurements were taken from the "supernatant" of the infusion bag content (within 3 mm of the surface, later mentioned as "upper level sample" signed as "up") and from the infusion tube 25 cm after the output port of the container bag ("lower level sample" in short "low"). Samples (5 ml) have been taken just after the start (zero point) and 24 hours later (end point). For zeta-potential measurements we took samples from the middle of the container and sampling was done at start, after 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12 hours to simulate the real parenteral nutrition conditions and in the end of the study period (24. hour).
Laboratory measurements
Droplet size measurements were performed by photon-correlation spectroscopy (PCS, made by Zetasizer 4 and Nanosizer ZS, Malvern Instruments, England) and the surface-charge was checked by measurement of electrophoretic movement (Laser Doppler Anemometry by Zetasizer 4, Malvern Instruments, England). Droplet size distributions and zeta-potential figures were made out of 2 or 3 separate samples in each measurement depending on the coherence of measurement results. Nature samples were diluted by purified water in a proportion of 1:300 in order to reach the measurement concentration-range according to the manual for use of the equipment. The measurement limits of the Zetasizer 4 equipment are 3-3000 nm for determination of droplet size and 20-20000 nm in case of LDA [11]. The measuring range of the Zetasizer Nano ZS equipment (Dynamic Light Scattering principle) for particle size measurement is between 0.3 nm-10 μm and for zeta-potential 3.8-100000 nm [12]. We expected the 99.5% of droplets in the range of 10-3000 nm with the main peak between 300-700 nm and the critical point was the size over 5 μm. Surface charge of droplets was expected between −40 and −10 mV. Droplet-size control was performed according to the accepted rules based on the USP [13, 14]. We also controlled the droplet stability by electrokinetic (zeta-potential) measurement as advised [15].
Results and discussion
In our study we simulated the two endpoints of a typical clinical situation of nutrition therapy. Therefore the duration of inspection was just 24 hours. Under clinical conditions one dose of TPN (usually 1–3 litres for adults) is not administered in a shorter period than 8 hours and not longer than 24 hours. After preparation of the iv solutions we immediately checked the main parameters according to the above mentioned schedule. The comparison of the mode droplet-size values shows that different nutrient test-solutions with and without additional Ca2+ are within the expected droplet size range of 0.2-0.6 μm. The MDS situation of different test mixtures at beginning and at the end of the 24 hour of infusion did not change significantly (Figure 1). The large-size tail of the distribution-figure was analyzed at the end of the study in both sites of surface layer and after the port. At 24 hours we realized that in the supernatant phase and in the infusion line small proportion of droplets over 5 μm could be detected. Intensity-weighted distributions (Table 1) demonstrate that only in infusion line samples of Kabimix and in the supernatant phase of OliClinomel appeared a second peak of 2552-2883 nm (KA) and 1851-3006 nm (KC) as well as 2277-2816 nm (OA) and 2265-2895 nm (OC) respectively. Exact proportion of over 5 μm droplets could not be estimated in this study.
Electrokinetic properties of emulsion were demonstrated by measurement of zeta-potential. Test-results explain that mean charge of droplet surface in all samples remained under −30 mV (Table 2). It means that the electrokinetic parameter supports droplet size stability features measured with globule-size distribution techniques.
The ageing of emulsions usually brings increase in droplet-size. In clinical use droplet size stability should be reserved during the time of infusion, in case of intravenous nutrition within 24 hours as well. Our results demonstrate that vast majority of droplet remained within the safe range of under 5000 nm and zeta-potential remained under the safe value of −30 mV. However, in some mixtures oversize droplets were also detected and according to the USP rules fat droplets over 5 μm must not exceed the proportion of 0.05%. Proportions of second peaks are small (Table 1), but this range of globule-size is on the borderline and exact number of fat particles over 5000 nm has not been estimated in this experiment. Therefore, from security reasons in these cases use of lipid-filter is reasonable.
It was found an interesting phenomenon. The tendency for separation of large diameter droplets in the two emulsion systems is different. In case of Kabiven second peak of droplets appears in the bottom of the container in contrast to OliClinomel where the second peak appears in the samples taken from the surface layer. Interestingly this phenomenon is independent of calcium-content. From therapeutic point of view we can state that emulsions where the bigger droplets are in the upper layer are safer because infusions are usually infused with a small residual volume and the potentially dangerous big droplets remain in the infusion bag. The difference between the two types of TPN mixtures could be partly explained by the different glucose content and its effect on the osmolarity and the slightly different density of the two emulsions. The higher osmolarity (1190 mOsm/l vs 1060 mOsm/l) and lower density (1.039 g/ml vs 1.049 g/ml) of OliClinomel resulted in droplets of higher particle sizes in the therapeutically safer surface layer [16]. Further targeted studies can elucidate this phenomenon. Maybe the difference in composition of the oversize droplets could explain the experienced deviation. Nevertheless it is unlikely that droplet-size differences are results of olive oil or soybean oil content.
Zeta-potential of the droplets in experimental emulsions proved the stability of the colloid system, but size-distribution showed disparity within the test mixtures. In two of the four mixtures bimodal droplet-size distribution figures were detected and appearance of fat particles over 5 μm can not be disclosed. The bimodality was independent of the Ca2+ content. Until the destabilizing component is not identified and the consequent different aggregation behavior of the two types of TPN is not clarified, the lipid filter usage is advised in the course of the parenteral nutrition.
Total parenteral nutrition
Medium chain triglyceride
Long chain triglyceride
Soybean oil, medium chain triglyceride, olive oil and fish oil
Mono-unsaturated fatty acid
United States pharmacopoeia
Mode droplet size
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The work described in this paper was supported by the Seventh Framework Program of the EU, TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0013.
Additional information
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
I.G. Télessy participated in the design of the study and the manuscript. B. Szabó carried out the droplet size measurements and helped to draft the manuscript. B. Judit participated in the design of the study and the preparation of the experimental setup. F. Csempesz carried out the zeta potential measurements and critically evaluated the results. R. Zelkó conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Cite this article
Télessy, I.G., Balogh, J., Szabó, B. et al. Kinetic stability of all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixtures in the presence of high dose Ca2+ additive under clinical application circumstances. Nutr J 11, 32 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-32
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-32
- Kinetic stability
- All-in-one parenteral nutrition admixture
- Droplet size distribution


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Three years in the making, Wednesday's U2 concert at M&T Bank Stadium could attract a record crowd — along with gridlock in the streets — at a time when uncertainty over the NFL season leaves Baltimore looking for more ways to fill the stadium.
With an oversized stage in the round and fans on the turf, M&T's capacity will swell to 80,000 for the transcendent 360 Degree Tour concert. The crowd should threaten, if not eclipse, the stadium record of 75,000 who attended a 1999 HFStival in what was then called PSINet Stadium.
The first of two major events at the stadium this summer, the concert is designed to inspire cultural diversity and whet the city's economy. After you rock with U2, you can roll with Advance Auto Parts Monster Jam on July 9. An all-star lineup of 10,000-pound monster trucks, all with 1,500 horsepower and 66 inch tires, will treat Baltimore fans to an outdoor version of its long-running show in 1st Mariner Arena.
If the Ravens remain sidelined in the NFL's three-months-and-counting lockout, these special events will prove to be a reprieve, both for entertainment-seekers and for the city.
It is the Ravens' purview to bring events to the stadium, getting input from the stadium authority and city officials. Sometimes the Ravens serve as promoter of an event. Other times, they simply rent out the stadium.
"They are bringing events that once upon a time would have bypassed Baltimore," said Anirban Basu, chairman of Sage Policy Group. "Now they are stopping in Baltimore. …The U2 concert is more likely to attract more fans from long distance. And the more distance they're traveling, the more likely they will spend more money."
When the Ravens brought the Kenny Chesney country-music festival to M&T on a Saturday night in May 2008, it generated more than $1 million in tax revenue for state and local government. And that was with an attendance of 38,000, according to the study by Basu, whose company has produced several economic impact studies for the stadium authority.
The U2 concert can reasonably be expected to double those figures.
Mike Frenz, the executive director of the Maryland Stadium Authority, didn't hesitate when asked how many events he would like booked into the stadium in a given year, aside from Ravens' games.
"Ideally," Frenz said in perfect deadpan, "we would like to have 52 U2 concerts a year."
Since it's being held on a mid-week night, the only real concern is having 75,000 to 80,000 people converge on downtown for a 7 p.m. concert with ongoing road construction projects near the stadiums.
Bono and U2, mega-stars of music, already have played before a record 5 million fans in a tour of 30 countries across five continents. By late July, more than 7 million people will have witnessed the revolutionary show and paid in excess of $700 million in ticket sales, creating the top grossing tour of all time.
Roy Sommerhof, the Ravens' vice president for stadium operations, said he had preliminary discussions in 2008 to bring U2 to Baltimore. He just missed getting the Irish band a year ago. When schedules aligned this time, he had a big-time concert.
"It's been a lot of work," Sommerhof said. "But it's been good. A lot of times when you talk to promoters and want to put on events, they don't seem to happen. I'm happy to get this done."
Ravens president Dick Cass said his goal is to hold three or four significant events at the stadium, other than Ravens games. This year they should have three events besides football. It started with the NCAA lacrosse Final Four, an event that drew 116,000 fans to the stadium for three games in May.
Those three events take on added significance for the city. While negotiations to end the NFL lockout are ongoing, there is no guarantee a deal will be reached in time to save the 2011 NFL season. No one wants to see the venue, which was completed in 1998 at a cost of $220 million, sit idle for any length of time.
"The impact of each game is quite consequential," Basu said. "Typically, Ravens weekends are very good weekends at the Inner Harbor. Therefore, if there is a cancellation of eight regular season games or some fraction thereof, the economic impact is in millions of dollars, probably in tens of millions. And much of the impact is felt very locally in and around downtown Baltimore."
Basu conducted a 2007 study for the stadium authority on the economic impact of the Ravens and of M&T Bank Stadium, which seats just over 71,000. The study showed the Ravens pay $15.5 million to the state in sales and income taxes, support almost 400 jobs which generate nearly $300 million in wages, and account for $69 million in local business sales.
Other events are planned to make use of areas around the Camden Yards and M&T Bank complexes this summer. Upcoming are the African-American Heritage Festival (parking lots B and C at the stadium) on July 2-3, and the first Baltimore Grand Prix from Sept. 2-4, before the scheduled start of the NFL's regular season.
In addition, Frenz said the stadium will host a number of college football games in the next five years. Maryland will play West Virginia in 2013 and Virginia Tech in 2014. M&T gets the Army-Navy game in 2014 and 2016, and Navy will play Ohio State here in 2014.
What could have pushed this summer's stadium schedule over the top was a matchup of international soccer teams. Chelsea and AC Milan drew more than 71,000 fans to M&T in 2009. A year later, Inter Milan-Manchester City drew less than 37,000 in the lead-up to the World Cup.
But the Ravens couldn't make it happen in 2011.
"We've got good soccer fans in the area," Cass said. "They will come to see premier teams. They won't flock to the stadium to see teams that aren't premier, or when premier players are not going to play much. The World Cup kept good players out last year. If we had a premier match, we would do very well."
The Monster Jam, meanwhile, is a family-oriented event with potential to become a staple of Baltimore's summer. A 16-truck lineup is coming in July.
"One of the reasons we decided to do the stadium was how strong the Monster Jam event was in 1st Mariner," said Ken Hudgens, the chief operating officer for Feld Motor Sports. "The arena show and the stadium are much different. In the arena, you're much closer to the trucks. In the stadium, the trucks have way more room to operate — bigger jumps, more speed. I think the fans will really love it."
Hudgens said he expects a crowd between 35,000 and 50,000.
"It takes a while to build a market for Monster Jam," he said. "It doesn't have the name recognition the Ravens have. In other markets across the country, take Atlanta or Orlando, it's built over time to where now those events at the Georgia Dome or Citrus Bowl are perennial sellouts. That's our hope in Baltimore."
Correction: An earlier version of this story said that the Ravens couldn't bring a soccer match to M&T Bank in 2010. It was this year.
Three years in the making, Wednesday's U2 concert at M&T Bank Stadium could attract a record crowd — along with gridlock in the streets — at a time when uncertainty over the NFL season leaves Baltimore looking for more ways to fill the stadium.


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On Nov. 9, a small group of strangers will disembark from a little green bus in front of Craig Dilger's West End home. The 30-year-old freelance photojournalist will invite them in, and serve them a couple of single-hop beers he's made with his own hands.
And, if they're lucky, they might get to taste his signature sweet potato beer (made in protest of pumpkin beer), or a new dark ale he's experimenting with that has hints of spruce.
Who is Craig Dilger, and why is he one of the stops on a home brew tour during Portland Beer Week?
He's just a guy who got into home brewing nine years ago and whose dream is to, some day, open a nanobrewery in Portland.
"I tend to brew stuff with weird ingredients, like cayenne, smoked paprika, molasses, sweet potatos, ginger, saffron, cranberries," he said. "It's all over the map."
Portland Beer Week begins Friday and runs through Nov. 10. It's only the event's second year, but last year's Beer Week was so successful there was never really any question that it would have an encore. Allison Stevens, owner of the Thirsty Pig on Exchange Street, owns the event and began meeting last January with about 10 other organizers to evaluate the best and the worst from last year and plan activities for this year.
Last year, food and beer pairings were a hit. Tap takeovers? Not so much.
"This year, I don't have anyone doing one," Stevens said.
Last year there were 59 events; this year, there will be 75. Last year, 28 businesses and 32 breweries participated in Portland Beer Week.
This year, there are 35 businesses and at least 46 breweries (at the time we spoke, Stevens was expecting an additional 20 brands to be added to the pouring lists).
The event has been extended to include two weekends instead of one to accommodate people who can't take week days off to drink beer. One big lesson learned from last year is that there's a lot of people willing to travel to Portland for a beer vacation.
"We got destroyed on the weekends last year," Stevens said. "We ended up filling up two hotels with people who were just here for Beer Week events."
Stevens' own business had its second best week of the year during Beer Week, and for some Portland pubs and restaurants, it was their best or near best.
And it's not just folks from away who are making Beer Week a surprising success, considering the size of the city. Stevens believes the unusual energy around and interest in craft brewing and small businesses here fuels the excitement over Portland Beer Week.
"If this is a beer mecca," she said, "then those people who are into those things, they live here already. I think it's an affordable beer city with a great selection. I was just in Boston, and it's hilarious to me how many of the bars are just purchased tap lines, and here it's so genuine."
There's one big event-within-the-event happening this year. The 20th Annual Maine Brewers Festival will be held on Saturday at the Portland Expo Center, and organizers are working hard to make it something that will appeal to serious beer drinkers.
Stevens had also planned a fundraiser this year called "Brewers Kitchen," a food-and-beer tasting event featuring 15 local restaurants and brewers scheduled for Sunday at Port City Music Hall. It was cancelled Tuesday due to slow ticket sales. Portland Beer Week ended up $5,000 in the red last year, and this event was expected to help offset some of those costs, as well as raise some money for the Maine Brewers Guild. But the $80 ticket price was too much, apparently, for beer geeks.
A silent auction that was supposed to be held at the fundraiser will now be a "traveling silent auction" at various venues throughout the week. The auction features "stuff brewers don't normally give away," Stevens said.
Shipyard is auctioning off a year's supply of beer, Stevens said. Some brewers will be offering private tours or signed, special release bottles. And others will put their used whiskey barrels up for sale – they are popular repurposed as book cases and other crafty items. (They can only be used once for aging beer.)
The rest of Portland Beer Week features a creative, eclectic schedule of events that seems to have something for everyone. Some of the ideas are expected – beer dinners, theme nights that focus on a particular style of beer. But others are brand new and inspired. Here's a quick sampling:
• There will be two progressive beer dinners. The one on Nov. 5 will feature Bunker Brewing Co. and travel to all three of Jay Villani's restaurants – Sonny's, Local 188 and Salvage BBQ. The second one on Nov. 6 will focus on Rising Tide beers, which will be paired with food courses at Outliers, Little Tap House, Portland & Rochester, and Love Cupcakes.
• After 15 years of brewing, Sebago is releasing their 1,000th brew, a Belgian quad, on Nov. 8. They're calling it "M," as in 1,000.
• Bull Feeney's is bringing D.L. Geary and Alan Pugsley together for a four-course beer Founders of Maine Brewing dinner where they'll talk about the "Birth of Maine Brewing." Each course will, of course, be paired with Geary's and Shipyard. The dinner is only $29.95, including gratuity, and seats are limited to 35, so this one is likely to sell out fast.
• Last year, several businesses and groups formed during Portland Beer Week and are having one-year anniversary celebrations this year. One of those groups is the Maine Beer Mavens, which will host a beer-and-cheese party at Rising Tide on Nov. 8.
The Zymurgy Home Brew Tour (Zymurgy is the name of the journal published by the American Homebrewers Association) on Nov. 9 was the suggestion of Zach Poole, owner of the Maine Brew Bus, the tour company whose motto is "Driving you to drink local."
Poole said he wanted to showcase home brewers who are not really amateurs, but they haven't yet mustered the nerve to open an actual brewery. Some of the people he's recruited for the tour he's met on his own bus; others he tracked down through Portland Mashing Maineiacs, a local home brewing club.
One of the home brewers on Poole's tour will actually be brewing some beer while entertaining guests from Portland Beer Week, Poole said. Another has experience barrel-aging beers.
"They have other jobs that they do, and they just brew for fun," Poole said. "Probably most brewers started brewing at home. I don't know if any of these will someday take the next step into starting their own brewery or not, but they're all above the home brew kits."
Why is Craig Dilger letting all these strangers into his home to drink beer?
"Why not?" he replies.
Home brewing, Dilger said, "is a hobby that is all about sharing. If I make 5 gallons of beer at a time, it's still two cases of beer that's often best drunk fresh, so it's a little more beer than one person wants to drink entirely on their own. And it's about the fun of having people over. For me, the process of brewing has always been something that friends have done with me, or I have done with friends, so it's always been kind of a community activity."
Another fun event will be the Beer Week Scavenger Hunt organized by Port City Running Tours, the same group that will also be hosting its regular brewery running tours.
The scavenger hunt will kick off from Rising Tide Brewing Co. at 1 p.m. Nov. 9. Teams of runners will answer trivia questions and follow clues that lead them all around the city. When they stop at a bar or brewery, they'll have to answer a question, complete a challenge or solve a clue.
"These clues are basically going to lead them all over the peninsula," said John Calvin Stevens III, owner of Port City Running Tours. "There's not going to be any rhyme or reason to them. There's a little bit of planning involved here, as well, some strategy to plan out where these locations are so you're not zig-zagging across the city."
Stevens said a lot of people get nervous about combining drinking with running, but he reassures them that the distances are not that far, and the samples are not that large.
The scavenger hunt will be a timed event, and along the way Stevens will throw in some bonus challenges that, if completed, will subtract minutes from a team's overall time. Most of the challenges involve drinking beer.
"We're not requiring anyone to drink along the way," Stevens said, "but as a Beer Week event we're going to encourage it."
That's as it should be: During Portland Beer Week, even runners should be allowed to throw back a few.
Staff Writer Meredith Goad can be contacted at 791-6332 or at:
Twitter: MeredithGoad
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It's no longer a question of when and how mobile will emerge as a payments platform.
The habit of paying for things on smartphones and tablets is already ingrained in modern consumer society, particularly among young demographics. In the same way digital payments companies like PayPal helped usher in the PC-based e-commerce explosion, mobile-focused companies are exploring how to make these transactions easier, for shoppers and merchants, at physical stores and online.
In a recent report from BI Intelligence, we put numbers to the trends and explain why mobile transaction volume is growing so explosively. A significant portion of card-powered e-commerce transactions take place on tablet or smartphone devices. Tablets and smartphones are also powering card-based transactions at physical stores through apps, scannable QR codes, and attachable card readers that transform devices into cash registers.
Access The Full Report And Data By Signing Up For A Free Trial Today »
The report answers the main questions surrounding this rapidly growing industry:
- What percentage of credit and debit card transactions are mobile- powered?: Mobile transactions will account for about 2% of all credit and debit card volume in the United States in 2013, and 4% globally, according to BI Intelligence estimates. The numbers seem low, but for the last five years mobile transactions have experienced 118% annual average growth in the U.S. alone. Africa and Asia-Pacific actually see a much larger share of mobile-driven transactions.
- What exactly is a mobile payment?: There's a lot of confusion out there about what constitutes a "mobile payment," and we reiterate our definition. A mobile payment occurs when a mobile, Internet-connected device is used to facilitate a transaction that might otherwise have taken place using a physical credit card, check, or cash, at a store or point-of-sale. Mobile transactions are a larger category that includes these payments, but also includes mobile commerce, or e-commerce channeled by an app or mobile website (e.g., Amazon's iPhone app).
- Are consumers taking to these solutions?: Smartphone users are becoming aware of mobile wallets, payments apps, and QR-scanning apps and using them to facilitate offline and online purchases — most famously at Starbucks coffee stores. However, overall usage is still low. We look at the dynamics that will drive future adoption.
- And merchants?: Recent survey data shows that two-fifths of U.S. small and medium-sized businesses have adopted card readers.
- Who's winning in this space?: Payments start-ups are enjoying massive growth and helping to push forward innovation. A wave of acquisitions and mergers will clean this space up.
- How fast is innovation occurring? It's happening all the time. For example, Amazon's new "Pay With Amazon" product allows the 215 million active Amazon account-holders to use their payment info as they shop on their PCs and mobile devices on different commerce sites and apps.
- Is disruption still possible?: Yes. Take near-field communications, or NFC — uptake has failed to impress. Now, Apple's Bluetooth-powered iBeacons technology may challenge NFC head-on.
The report is full of charts and data that can be easily downloaded and put to use.
The full report:
- Provides estimates on the proportion of U.S. and global credit and debit card-powered transactions that occur on mobile devices, both at point-of-sale and remotely.
- Explains why most mobile commerce and mobile payments apps and hardware still depend on credit card numbers to power transactions.
- Compares the various consumer-side mobile wallets, both in terms of awareness and adoption.
- Analyzes the mobile wallet "disconnect," the tendency of consumers to say they want added services on mobile wallets, despite the relatively low availability of such services.
- Examines PayPal's acquisition of Braintree as an example of the deals that will shape the industry's future.
- Looks at how legacy players like Visa are positioning themselves.
- Offers an update on the state of NFC and competing Bluetooth-powered solutions like Apple's iBeacons.
- Quotes industry leaders on their vision of mobile's role in the transactions space.
For full access to the report on Mobile Payments And Transactions sign up for a free trial subscription today.


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How to use Widgets
It's called Sidebar Widgets because it allows you to move things (widgets) around, in and out of your sidebar. A widget is something that you might want on your sidebar, such as a category list or the most recent comments or a link to your admin pages. There is even a widget that lets you type whatever you want in the sidebar, such as some HTML or Javascript code.
Note: WordPress version 2.2 includes the Widgets feature. There is no need to download the plugin if you are running WordPress 2.2 or later.
How do I install it?
First you have to put the files where they belong. We recommend putting all of the php script files in wp-content/plugins/widgets and keeping any new widget plugins there unless another location is specified. The RSS icon (rss.png) should be placed in wp-includes/images. The scriptaculous files should go in wp-includes/js/scriptaculous.
Here it is in graphic form:
- wp-content - plugins - widgets | delicious.php | gsearch.php | rss.png | widgets.php - scriptaculous | builder.js | controls.js | dragdrop.js | effects.js | MIT-LICENSE | prototype.js | scriptaculous.js | slider.js | unittest.js - themes - classic | functions.php (optional) | sidebar.php (optional) - default | functions.php (optional) | sidebar.php (optional)
It will also work if you place the scriptaculous directory in wp-includes. It will also work if you store the RSS icon in wp-includes/images. It's pretty flexible.
Installing the plugin files isn't enough, however. You must have a theme that supports sidebar widgets. To help you with that, we've included updated files for the WordPress 2.0 Default Theme (Kubrick) and the Classic theme. There are many themes that rely on Classic's script files, so it's probably a good idea to install the new Classic files unless you have modified the theme yourself.
Don't forget to activate the plugin!
It's installed and activated. How do I use it?
Assuming you chose the Kubrick theme, you should now see a "Sidebar Widgets" item in the Presentation menu. This gives you a screen with two columns: a palette and a sidebar. The palette has all of the available widgets and the other column represents your sidebar. You can drag the widgets between the columns to create the exact combination that pleases you and your visitors.
If you find that the widgets are not draggable, there are two likely causes: you installed the scriptaculous files in the wrong place, or your web browser is not running the scripts.
Some of the widgets will have a little icon on the right side of the draggable widget device. Click that icon to reveal that widget's options. Click the X or the area outside the options box to return to the widget page. Your options are not saved until you click "Save changes" on the main page, so don't forget to save.
Two of the included widgets, Text and RSS, can be replicated several times. Below the palette you will find forms to change the number of Text and RSS widgets available. Reducing the number will only cause the extra widgets to be removed from the visual interface; the contents of the widgets is preserved.
What if I don't like Kubrick?
You should. He was a visionary film producer. You are entitled to your opinion, however, so we'll give you a little tutorial on fixing up other themes.
Thanks for this plug-in! Blogging is way more fun now! How can I send you money?
Aww, you're welcome. This one's on the house. Just keep on blogging and encourage others to blog, too. Also, encourage people to develop new widgets. Maybe they'll accept donations for their work.


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BUFFALO, N.Y. -- Two Massachusetts men accused of secretly recording and selling a prank phone call involving two NFL general managers will remain free after pleading not guilty to federal wiretapping charges in New York.
Joshua Barber and Nicholas Kaiser declined to speak with reporters after appearing Tuesday in U.S. District Court in Buffalo.
Investigators say the 20-year-olds from Plymouth, Mass., arranged a March 8 call between Buffalo Bills then-general manager Buddy Nix and Tampa Bay Buccaneers GM Mark Dominik. A recording of it wound up on the sports gossip website Deadspin.
Prosecutors say Barber called Nix posing as Dominik and then called Dominik and used the conference call function to link the calls, during which the GMs discussed free agency.
Kaiser's lawyer, Rodney Personius, says he's open to a pretrial resolution of the case.
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press


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PR people are stupid. Not all of them, just some of them. Like this person, who sent this pitch about "Oral Sex and Oral Cancer Linked" to a popular sports radio show's producer. Because they are dumb.
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In fact, scientists are coming to the conclusion that HPV contracted through
oral sex could possibly be the cause for some of the 25% of oral cancer
cases found in younger people who don't smoke or drink.
HPV causes epithelial cells in the cervix to become cancerous. The mouth is
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Angina is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles. It's not usually life threatening, but it's a warning sign that you could be at risk of a heart attack or stroke.
With treatment and healthy lifestyle changes, it's possible to control angina and reduce the risk of these more serious problems.
Symptoms of angina
The main symptom of angina is chest pain.
Chest pain caused by angina usually:
- feels tight, dull or heavy – it may spread to your arms, neck, jaw or back
- is triggered by physical exertion or stress
- stops within a few minutes of resting
Sometimes there might be other symptoms, like feeling sick or breathless.
When to get medical help
If you have not been diagnosed with angina, get an urgent GP appointment if you have an attack of chest pain that stops within a few minutes of resting.
They can check if it might be a heart problem and refer you to a hospital for tests.
Find out more about how angina is diagnosed
Call 999 for an ambulance if you have chest pain that does not stop after a few minutes. This could be a heart attack.
There are 2 main types of angina you can be diagnosed with:
- stable angina (more common) – attacks have a trigger (such as stress or exercise) and stop within a few minutes of resting
- unstable angina (more serious) – attacks are more unpredictable (they may not have a trigger) and can continue despite resting
Some people develop unstable angina after having stable angina.
Treatment for angina
You'll probably need to take several different medicines for the rest of your life.
You may be given medicine to:
- treat attacks when they happen (only taken when needed)
- prevent further attacks
- reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes
If medicines are not suitable or do not help, an operation to improve blood flow to your heart muscles may be recommended.
Living with angina
If it's well controlled, there's no reason why you cannot have a largely normal life with angina.
You can usually continue to do most of your normal activities.
You'll probably need to make healthy lifestyle changes, such as:
- having a balanced diet
- cutting down on alcohol
- stopping smoking if you smoke
- losing weight if you're overweight
- exercising regularly – gentle exercises are usually safe
This can help reduce your risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Causes of angina
Angina is usually caused by the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscles becoming narrowed by a build-up of fatty substances.
This is called atherosclerosis.
Things that can increase your risk of atherosclerosis include:
- an unhealthy diet
- a lack of exercise
- smoking
- increasing age
- a family history of atherosclerosis or heart problems
Angina can also be caused by other conditions affecting the heart and arteries.
Page last reviewed: 22 April 2021
Next review due: 22 April 2024


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Rescinded 1981
SSR 75-32: Sections 1602 and 1611(a)(1) (42 U.S.C. 1381a and 1382(a)(1))—Supplemental Security Income—Eligibility—Excess Income—Deeming
20 CFR 416.1101(a), 416.1102(a), 416.1165 and 416.1185(a)
The claimant and her ineligible spouse live together in their own household. Both are confined to wheelchairs. Although the spouse is gainfully employed as a school teacher, the claimant is unable to work. Her income is from Disability Insurance Benefits from Social Security, and from the local welfare department. Held, after allowance exclusions, the earnings of the ineligible spouse are deemed to be income to the claimant which renders her ineligible for Supplemental Security Income payments due to excess income.
The evidence shows that the claimant is 46 years of age. She is married and resides with her husband and minor daughter. She has a ninth grade education and formerly worked as a photographer retoucher. She and her husband both appeared at the hearing in wheelchairs.
She testified, among other things, that she and her husband were married on December 4, 1944. They have one daughter who is a student.
In July of 1962 she and her husband were involved in an automobile accident, which resulted in serious injuries, both to her and her husband. The injuries were so severe that her husband suffered the loss of use of both of his legs. The claimant suffered injuries to her spinal column that resulted in the loss of use of the entire lower part of her body, including both her extremities. Both are confined to wheelchairs. The husband obtained employment as a schoolteacher. His gross income from his teaching position is $1,347 per month. After the usual deductions, his net take-home income is $856 per month. The claimant in the meantime is receiving medical and therapeutic treatment in local medical facilities and hospitals. She is completely disabled, cannot care for herself, and requires 24 hours a day care. Her income consists of $167 per month disability payments from Social Security. This includes benefits for her daughter. She also receives $80 per month from the local welfare department, plus her Supplemental Security Income payments of $122.40.
She further testified that, because of her physical condition it is necessary to have the assistance of a full-time attendant to take care of her needs at the cost of $85 per week. Furthermore the necessary expenses for maintaining her family, including the expenses for medical care, and the salary of the attendant, exceed their total income. They had to borrow against their life insurance policies to help pay the added expenses.
Here the claimant and her husband are married and living in the same household. He is an ineligible spouse because of his earnings as a school-teacher. Under the provisions of Regulation 16, Section 416.1185(a), the claimant's husband's earnings from his teaching position are considered earned income, which, after the allowable exclusions, will be deemed to the claimant.
The amount of the income so deemed to the claimant is countable income for purposes of determining her eligibility under the Act. Thus, his monthly income of $1,374 per month is taken into consideration. This is earned income-he is allowed to exclude $65 per month for expenses in connection with his employment. This leaves a balance of $1,309. The sum of $73 per month is excluded for a spouse's allotment, leaving a balance of $1,236. Also, $65 per month is excluded for their child leaving a balance of $1,171, which is deemed countable income to the claimant. This amount is far in excess of the allowance income specified in the Act, without even considering the claimant's unearned income (Social Security). Although as the claimant's physical condition requires extraordinary expenses, there is no provision in the Act which would permit these expenses to be considered for exclusion from countable income. Accordingly, I must conclude that, under the provisions of the Act, the claimant has excess countable income which makes her ineligible for Supplemental Security Income benefits.
It is the decision of this Hearing Examiner that, based upon the claimant's Statement for Determining Continuing Eligibility for Supplemental Security Income Payments the claimant is not entitled to further Supplemental Security Income benefits under Title XVI of the Social Security Act, as amended.


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Inhalt für Australien
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Credit: tiffany terry/libertygrace0 on Flickr, under Creative Commons
A 15-year-old who was sentenced to 100 lashes for engaging in premarital sex has had her punishment overturned by a Maldives court, BBC News reported Aug. 22. In a decision hailed by rights groups, the High Court ruled that the teenager, whose stepfather is on trial for raping her, had been wrongly convicted by a juvenile court of having premarital sex with another man.
The Maldivian government appealed on behalf of the teenager following international outrage in February at the sentence, which was to be imposed when she reached the age of 18. Her stepfather was accused of raping her and impregnating her, then killing the baby.
More News to Cheer This Week:
The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Arizona cannot strip Medicaid funding from doctors and clinics that perform abortions, upholding a lower court ruling, USA TODAY reported Aug. 23. House Bill 2800, which the legislature passed and Gov. Jan Brewer signed in 2012, would have halted Medicaid reimbursements for contraceptives, cancer screenings, treatment for sexually transmitted diseases and annual women's exams at the state's more than 80 hospitals and clinics that also perform abortions.
With Congress set to take back up debates on a 20-week abortion ban in just a few weeks, key state government documents show that there is no evidence for further state or federal restrictions on abortion for the health and safety of women, RH Reality Check, which conducted the investigation, said in an Aug. 21 press statement. The group's report, the first of a multi-part series, unveils a new database aggregating thousands of pages of documents from 46 state health departments and attorneys general.
An Oklahoma judge has blocked a law that would restrict over-the-counter access to emergency contraception to younger women, the Associated Press reported.
A federal lawsuit filed on behalf of Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky claims that changes made by the Indiana General Assembly to a state law pertaining to abortion clinics are unconstitutional, the Indianapolis Star reported Aug. 22. The lawsuit targets a law that changed the definition of "abortion clinic" to include facilities that provide only the abortion pill mifepristone to terminate a pregnancy.
State legislatures trying to curtail abortions have suffered a 0-for-8 losing streak after court challenges to their new laws this year, Bloomberg News reported Aug. 20. The laws, all but one signed by Republican governors, drew on ideas from a playbook created by an anti-abortion group.
Pro-choice groups, meanwhile, are calling on women who've had abortions to share their positive stories about the experience by writing a 500- to 1,000-word essay that will be shared with the public on the #AbortionMatters blog, the Christian Post reported Aug. 21.The campaign aims to "destigmatize abortion, encourage wider education on the procedure and normalize the conversation."
Swedes are showing their support for one hijab-wearing woman who was harassed and assaulted in Stockholm, Al Jazeera reported Aug. 19. According to police, the victim believes this was a faith-based hate crime. Using the hashtag #HijabUppropet, which means "hijab outcry," women, children and even men are posting pictures of themselves online wearing the traditional Muslim headscarf.
Bob Filner, the embattled San Diego mayor accused of sexually harassing at least 18 women, is expected to resign as part of a deal reached during mediation negotiations, Politico reported Aug. 22.
School bookkeeper Antoinette Tuff is being hailed as a hero after she averted what could have been a catastrophic elementary school shooting in an Atlanta suburb, reported Parade Aug. 21. Tuff managed to stop Michael Brandon Hill, 20, who slipped past school security at a Georgia school for pre-kindergarteners to fifth graders, with an assault rifle and other weapons.
Indonesian officials dismissed as excessive and unethical a proposal by an education official on Sumatra island that would require female senior high school students to undergo virginity tests to discourage premarital sex and protect against prostitution, the Associated Press reported Aug. 20.
Forbes Magazine has released its annual list of top-100 news sites for women. The list, posted Aug. 20, offers a number of sites that Women's eNews is proud to be among. More than 30 percent of this year's sites are new to the list, which takes an increased focus on millennial women and entrepreneurship. This list is not ranked and editors say it is selected from over 2,000 submissions.
New Jersey Republican Gov. Chris Christie signed into law a measure to prevent therapists from counseling gay and lesbian youths to change their sexual orientation, making his the second U.S. state to ban so-called conversion therapy, Reuters reported Aug. 19.
In a recent Gallup poll, 15 percent of American women said they have been passed over for a promotion or an opportunity at work because of their gender, Think Progress reported Aug. 21. Thirteen percent reported having been denied a raise for the same reason. When Gallup asked men these questions, just 8 percent said they were denied a promotion because of their gender and a mere 4 percent reported being denied a raise for that reason.
Women are facing similar discrimination in the United Kingdom. Male bosses are being paid bonuses double the size of those given to female colleagues in identical jobs, The Guardian reported Aug. 19. The figures were released by the Chartered Management Institute.
More News to Jeer This Week:
A 22-year-old photojournalist has been gang raped by five men in the Indian city of Mumbai, BBC News reported Aug. 23. The woman, who was on assignment in the Lower Parel area when she was attacked, is in hospital with multiple injuries. She was accompanied by a male colleague who was beaten by her attackers. Police have arrested one of the suspects.
A well-funded anti-abortion group is direct mailing DVDs to lawyers in order to entice them to sue doctors who provide abortion, Mother Jones reported Aug. 19.
Sixty-nine percent of adults over the age of 18 agree that sex ed classes should include information about accurate prevention methods in addition to messages about delaying sex until teens are ready for it, ThinkProgress reported Aug. 23.
Bradley Manning, the Army private who pleaded guilty to leaking government files to WikiLeaks and was sentenced to 35 years in military prison, said in a statement that "I am female" and wants to begin living life that way, The New York Times reported Aug. 22.
Fast food and other low-wage workers across the country are threatening to strike on Aug. 29, according to the Low Pay Is Not OK.
Leaders of Femen, the Ukrainian women's rights group known for staging bare-breasted political protests, demanded government protection after two of them and a male associate were assaulted while on vacation in the Black Sea port city of Odessa, The New York Times reported Aug. 18.
A photo of two members of the Russian women's 4×400-meter relay team kissing after receiving their gold medals made headlines on the final day of the World Track and Field Championships, NBC reported Aug. 18.
On Aug. 24 Tesco stores in the United Kingdom are being targeted as part of a national day of action called by the Lose the Lads' Mags campaign, led by U.K. Feminista and Object, the two organizations said in a press statement Aug. 21. Protests are taking place outside Tesco stores in Scotland, England and Wales to demand that the U.K.'s biggest retailer stop selling pornographic lads' mags like Nuts and Zoo.


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The 4 Qualities of a Conscious Relationship
I came across an article written by a Marriage and Family Therapist named Shelly Bullard. She articulated some helpful points about the nature and purpose of relationships, so I wanted to share it. In the past, relationships were more functional, and if love was expressed, that was icing on the cake. But as we evolve as humans, relationships can be used as an efficient means by which to grow and further evolve. As a soul, our deepest core of love yearns to be expressed and experienced, yet this can be challenging in long term relationships because our issues from our conditioning can block this expression. Therefore, relationships potentially create the perfect setting for each of us to clear our own programming and conditioning so our true essence of love can be experienced in the physical realm…and that is quite the reward. In fact, it has been said that this is one of the reasons for incarnating here. Please enjoy!
"We are approaching a period of time when relationships are ready to go through a major redesign. The current paradigm isn't working. People are unsatisfied in love; people don't know how to make relationships work.
And, believe it or not, this isn't a bad thing. Because when systems break-down, that's when they change. I believe that's what's happening in the area of intimate partnership. The break-down is forcing us to move towards conscious love.
So what exactly is a conscious relationship?
It's a romantic relationship in which both partners feel committed to a sense of purpose, and that purpose is growth. Individual growth. Collective growth as a couple. Growth that makes the world a better place.
As of now, most people get into relationships to satisfy their own personal needs. This might work for a few years, but eventually the relationship fails us, and we end up unsatisfied as a result.
But when two people come together with the intention of growth, the relationship strives towards something much greater than gratification. The partnership becomes a journey of evolution, and the two individuals have an opportunity to expand more than they could alone. Deep satisfaction and long-term fulfillment arise as a result.
So if you're someone who feels called to take your experience of romantic love to the next level, below are four qualities that characterize what being a conscious couple is all about. Welcome to the path of the conscious relationship. This is next-level love …
1. The conscious couple is not attached to the outcome of the relationship – growth comes first.
Not being attached to the outcome of the relationship does not mean you don't care what happens! It also doesn't mean that you don't have fantasies about how the relationship will turn out.
What it means is: you're more committed to the experience of growth than you are to making the relationship "work."
The reality is, we're here to grow. Physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually. When growth stops, we automatically feel like something's gone wrong. Because it has. Without growth, we aren't fulfilling our soul's purpose.
Unfortunately, relationships today tend to stifle growth more than enhance it. This is one of the main reasons we're failing at romantic love.
We want our partners to act in a certain way, we repress ourselves to please to others, and soon enough, we feel small, oppressed and puzzled about who we've become. This, inevitably, makes the relationship feel like a cage that we want to break out of. But the unfortunate truth is: we've caged ourselves.
The conscious couple values growth more than anything else because they know this is the secret to keeping the relationship alive. Even though growth is scary (because it takes us into the unknown), the couple is willing to strive towards expansion, even at the risk of out-growing the relationship. Because of this, the relationship maintains a natural feeling of aliveness, and love between the couple does, too.
2. Each person in the relationship is committed to owning their s#*t.
Conscious couples know that we all have wounds from the past, and they understand that these wounds will inevitably be triggered, especially in a relationship. In other words, they expect to feel abandoned, trapped, rejected, overlooked and any other shitty feeling that arises when we bond closely with another person.
Most of us still believe that relationships should only feel good, and when bad feelings surface, something has gone terribly wrong. What we fail to see in this situation is that these shitty feelings stem from our own faulty patterning! These issues are not caused by our partners; they're caused by our beliefs.
The conscious couple is willing to look at their past and current issues in relationships because they know that by facing these beliefs systems, they can evolve into a new relationship-reality. Dysfunctional patterns will dissolve, but only when we take responsibility for them, first.
3. All feelings are welcome and no internal process is condemned.
In a conscious relationship, there's room to feel anything. Not only that, there's room to express those feelings and fantasies to your partner. This is edgy territory… it's not easy to do. But it's also one of the most healing things we can experience in a partnership
It's rare to be completely honest about who you are, and to stretch yourself to let your partner do the same. You may not like what you hear; in fact, it may trigger the hell out of you. But you're willing to be triggered if it means your partner can be authentic.
Like I already said, we're used to molding and changing ourselves to please people we love because we don't want them to stop loving us! This stifles the love out of our connections.
The only option is radical honesty: revealing parts of ourselves that are hard to share, and letting our partners do the same. This leads to feeling known, seen and truly understood — a combination that will automatically enhance your love.
4. The relationship is a place to practice love.
Love, ultimately, is a practice. A practice of acceptance, being present, forgiveness, and stretching your heart into vulnerable territories.
Sometimes we treat love like it's a destination. We want that peak feeling all the time, and when it's not there, we're not satisfied with what the relationship has become. In my mind, this is missing the whole point of love.
Love is a journey and an exploration. It's showing up for all varied nuances of your relationship and asking yourself, What would love do here?" The answer will be different every time, and because of this, you'll get to grow in ways you never have before!
The conscious couple is fiercely committed to being the embodiment of love. And through their devotion and practice, love shows up in their lives and relationship in ways they would've never imagined before."


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Harper's return from surgery could be after break
Nationals outfielder tore ligament in left thumb sliding into third base on triple
NEW YORK -- Bryce Harper's left thumb injury was much more serious than initially believed. Harper underwent surgery Tuesday to repair a torn ulnar collateral ligament in the thumb and a source said he will be out at least two months. The source believes that Harper could play again after the All-Star break.
Harper tweeted that he had the surgery and posted a picture that showed him in a hospital bed with his left arm in a sling.
"On the road to recovery," Harper wrote. "Everything went great and I'll be back soon!"
On the road to recovery..Everything went great and I'll be back soon! Thank you to all the fans for the support! pic.twitter.com/66Wn7sxHQ9- Bryce Harper (@Bharper3407) April 29, 2014
The original diagnosis was that Harper had a sprain and that he would be available for pinch-hitting duties, and Harper said he would use nothing but ice to reduce the swelling. However, he was placed on the 15-day disabled list on Sunday.
Harper hurt the thumb in the bottom of the third inning Friday against the Padres. With the bases loaded, Harper hit a three-run triple to right-center off left-hander Robbie Erlin. As Harper slid headfirst into third, he jammed the thumb into the base. He later scored on a single by Jose Lobaton.
Harper went 2-for-2 with four RBIs in the game before being replaced by Nate McLouth in the fifth inning.
Manager Matt Williams said Harper did nothing wrong in the way he slid into the base. It was simply bad luck, he said.
"It's happens all the time," Williams said. "Guys slide in headfirst all the time. Just so happens that he got his thumb in an awkward position. You can't question that. You can't question the way the kid plays the game. He plays the game hard."
This is Harper's second major injury since he made his big league debut in 2012. In May of last year, Harper ran into an outfield wall at Dodger Stadium and sustained a left knee injury that required offseason surgery.
With Harper out of the lineup until close to the All-Star break, McLouth, Kevin Frandsen and Tyler Moore are expected to see time in left field, with McLouth getting most of the playing time against right-handers.
The Nationals could try and trade for a player of Harper's caliber, but it seems doubtful they could add payroll. Earlier this month, principal owner Mark Lerner was asked if the club has the flexibility to spend more money, and Lerner said, "We're beyond topped out. Our payroll, as you know, has skyrocketed to about $140 million. I don't think we can go much farther with the revenue stream that we have."


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Four Roses Bourbon and Pazzo's Pizza Pub have teamed up in celebration of September's Bourbon Heritage Month to create the "Bourbon Bootlegger", a unique pizza recipe with a bourbon flair.
"Cooking with bourbon has become such a huge concept and gives dishes of all sorts a unique and complex flavor," said Four Roses Master Distiller Jim Rutledge. "The Bourbon Bootlegger Pizza is a creative and delicious concept that everyone is sure to enjoy, especially those bourbon enthusiasts."
The recipe for the Bourbon Bootlegger includes ingredients such as grilled chicken, bacon, red onions and provolone cheese. The sauce is the star of the dish and is comprised of garlic, onion, ketchup, brown sugar, honey, vinegar, Worcestershire sauce, molasses and Four Roses bourbon.
Tom Behr, owner of Pazzo's Pizza Pub, enjoyed creating the "bootlegger" so much that he went a step further and crafted a sandwich inspired by the pizza. The sandwich consists of the same ingredients used in the pizza and is also served with a side of the special bourbon-infused sauce for customers wanting to savor even more of the bourbon flavor.
"We were thrilled to partner with Four Roses Bourbon and are confident that this offering will be a big seller for us," said Behr. "Almost everyone loves pizza, and Kentucky is the bourbon capital of the world, so a dish that combines the two will undoubtedly be popular."
The Bourbon Bootlegger Pizza and sandwich are now available at Pazzo's Pizza Pub located at 385 South Limestone Street on the University of Kentucky campus.
For more information, visit www.fourroses.us or www.pazzospizzapub.com.


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[joe] and [ryan] built Thumper for their high school FIRST robotics team. The cannon itself is a solenoid-fired compressed air launcher that gets its juice from three large PVC tanks stored in the box below the turret, and the cannon is able to be fired nine times between visits to the air compressor. It was intentionally designed to resemble an M2 Browning 50 Caliber heavy machine gun, with the two vertical handles and boxy body. They finished construction in about a week with a budget of only $300. When they saw that a lot of their friends had also built cannons, they scrounged for parts from their garages to re-use to build the mobile platform simply for one-upmanship sake. The motor and drive-train propelling this behemoth came out of a 1980s-era mobile X-Ray machine that had been discarded by a local hospital. The rear wheels were specially modified to fit the drivetrain, and the front end is a chopped, hacked, and welded axle and steering mechanism from an old lawn tractor. Sections of unistrut form the rest of the frame.
[joe] and [ryan] were even asked to bring Thumper to their high school prom as a unique way to hand out T-Shirts for the evening. Unfortunately, there's no website for this build.
See video of Thumper in action with a Nerf Football after the break. Hack A Day even got to take it for a spin around the Power Wheels Racing Series track at Maker Faire KC!


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76 S.Ct. 131
100 L.Ed. 60
W. W. NEESE, Administrator of the Estate of William Neese, Deceased, Petitioner,
No. 28.
Argued Nov. 7, 1955.
Decided Nov. 21, 1955.
Mr. Henry Hammer, Columbia, S.C., for petitioner.
Mr. Sidney S. Alderman, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
We reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals, 216 F.2d 772, without reaching the constitutional challenge to that court's jurisdiction to review the denial by the trial court of a motion for a new trial on the ground that the verdict was excessive. Even assuming such appellate power to exist under the Seventh Amendment, we find that the Court of Appeals was not justified, on this record, in regarding the denial of a new trial, upon a remittitur of part of the verdict, as an abuse of discretion. For apart from that question, as we view the evidence we think that the action of the trial court was not without support in the record, and accordingly that its action should not have been disturbed by the Court of Appeals.
We need not consider respondent's contention that only the jurisdictional question was presented by the petition for certiorari, for in reversing on the above ground we follow the traditional practice of this Court of refusing to decide constitutional questions when the record discloses other grounds of decision, whether or not they have been properly raised before us by the parties. See Peters v. Hobby, 349 U.S. 331, 338, 75 S.Ct. 790, 793; Alma Motor Co. v. Timken-Detroit Axle Co., 329 U.S. 129, 132, 136, 142, 67 S.Ct. 231, 232, 233, 236, 91 L.Ed. 128.


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OOOOK!! Sup home-dawgs?????????
Ok, whatever....ignore me, I'm in an odd mood.......soooo, this is my first fan art challenge EVAAAH!!!! I'm excited. I got the idea while I was stuck alone in my class room BOORED today, pretending to be schooling and I saw my Jack Skellington Mickey Mouse Hat I got from my trip to Disney Land.
I want to see what everyone's idea of what Jack SKellington would look like were he actually a human.......Lame, I know, but it's something that I think no one has done yet!
One month, generic rules yada yada yada
1st place winners - 3 walls from ME! Yeah, ME! THE wall expert, hahahaha!!! Oh, and 3 gifts from me, just for the heck of it! XD
2nd place winners - 2 walls and one gift
3rd place winners - 1 wall
So get your thinking caps on and make me a living Jack!!!