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I have two major stories out of Germany to report, one on the rise of Climate Skepticism into the mainstream, as Germany's Top Environmentalist Turns Climate Sceptic, saying
"I couldn't take it any more. I had to write this book."
Doubt came two years ago when he was an expert reviewer of an IPCC report on renewable energy. "I discovered numerous errors and asked myself if the other IPCC reports on climate were similarly sloppy."
….and the other major story is on the failure of solar and wind power in Germany. First, the mainstream skepticism:
Body Blow To German Global Warming Movement! Major Media Outlets Unload On "CO2 Lies!"
Excerpts reposted from NoTricksZone by Pierre Gosselin
Today Germany's national tabloid Bild (which has a whopping circulation of 16 million) devoted half of page 2 on an article called:.
"THE CO2 LIES … pure fear-mongering … should we blindly trust the experts?"
That's what Germany's leading daily Bild (see photo) wrote in its print and online editions today, on the very day that renowned publisher Hoffmann & Campe officially released a skeptic book – one written by a prominent socialist and environmental figure.
This is huge. More than I ever could have possibly imagined. And more is coming in the days ahead! The Bild piece was just the first of a series.
Mark this as the date that Germany's global warming movement took a massive body blow.
Today, not one, but two of Germany's most widely read news media published comprehensive skeptical climate science articles in their print and online editions, coinciding with the release of a major climate skeptical book, Die kalte Sonne (The Cold Sun).
Germany has now plunged into raucous discord on the heated topic of climate change
What has set it all off? One of the fathers of Germany's modern green movement, Professor Dr. Fritz Vahrenholt, a social democrat and green activist, decided to author a climate science skeptical book together with geologist/paleontologist Dr. Sebastian Lüning. Vahrenholt's skepticism started when he was asked to review an IPCC report on renewable energy. He found hundreds of errors. When he pointed them out, IPCC officials simply brushed them aside. Stunned, he asked himself, "Is this the way they approached the climate assessment reports?"
Vahrenholt decided to do some digging. His colleague Dr. Lüning also gave him a copy of Andrew Montford's The Hockey Stick Illusion. He was horrified by the sloppiness and deception he found. Well-connected to Hoffmann & Campe, he and Lüning decided to write the book. Die kalte Sonne cites 800 sources and has over 80 charts and figures. It examines and summarizes the latest science.
Conclusion: climate catastrophe is called off
The science was hyped. The book started hitting the bookshops today and has already hit no. 1 on the Amazon.de list for environment books. Indications show that it will climb very high in the overall bestseller charts. It's published by a renowned publishing house and is now sending shock waves through the German climate science establishment. The first printing will produce 20,000 copies. I expect they will sell out rather quickly.
Read it all here.
While all that is happening, the wind is going out of the sails in the highly subsidized solar and windfarm business in Germany. Michael Limburg writes from Germany that:
We published this very comprehensive study from our author Dr. Günter Keil titled " Germany´s Green Energy Supply Transformation Has Already Failed". (http://www.eike-klima-energie.eu/news-cache/germanys-green-energy-supply-transformation-has-already-failed/)
German version here: http://www.eike-klima-energie.eu/climategate-anzeige/die-energiewende-ist-schon-gescheitert-mit-update-4112/
It has won a lot of attention and was published in all german speaking sceptic blogs and is as well most regarded by our politicians.
Since a lot of green zealots in all countries praise Germany as the wonderland of manageable green miracles it might be helpful to show them the reality
I am therefore proud and happy to tell you that we managed to translate this very valuable piece of information which reveals the blindness and fanaticism of our present politicians which destroys willingly the backbone of our economy. Please make best use of it. I am sure you will welcome this information. The full report and the press release are attached.
Here is the English version:
Germany's Green Energy Supply Transformation Has Already Failed!
Energy expert Dr. Guenter Keil has closely examined Germany's energy policy of shifting away from nuclear and fossil fuels and over to renewables. What he finds is a bleak picture. Years ago Germany ambitiously embarked on transforming its energy supply system, and hopes to supply at least 80% of its energy needs through renewable energies by 2050, and thus become a moral leader on environmental responsibility for the rest of the world.
To do this, the former Socialist-Green coalition government, led by Gerhard Schröder, enacted the so-called Renewable Energy Feed-In Act (EEG) in 2000. This Feed-In Act requires electric utilities to buy all renewable energies, such as solar and wind power, from all producers at fixed, exorbitant rates and to feed it into the power grid for a period of 20 years. This has led to a boom as thousands of homeowners, businesses, and investors have installed thousands of megawatts of solar and wind power capacity over the years. The current Conservative-Liberal government, not to be outdone by its predecessor, is also gleefully pushing the Feed-In Act to the limit.
Weather-dependent supply wreaking havoc on the power grid
The problem is that these energy sources are weather-dependent and thus their sporadic supply is starting to wreak havoc on Germany's power grid and is even now threatening to destabilize power grids all across Europe. The other problem: the power grid needed to distribute the decentrally produced green power is simply not there yet. They forgot to build it! So far, after tens of billions of euros spent on renewable energy systems and higher prices for consumers, not a single coal or gas-fired power plant has been taken offline. To the contrary, old inefficient plants have been brought back into service in an effort to stabilize the grid.
In a panic reaction, Germany shut down 8 nuclear power plants
To make matters worse, in a fit of panic and hysteria, the German government shut down 8 of its older 18 nuclear reactors in the wake of the Fukushima disaster, thus removing a very cheap and stable supply of power and further pushing the grid to the limits. Before the shutdown of the nuclear reactors, Germany had been a net power exporter; today it is a net power importer and is at times severely straining neighboring power grids. To compensate for the missing nuclear power, the government is now heavily promoting even more weather-dependent wind power, which is further destabilizing the German and European power grids. A solution to the problem of storing electricity is still at least a generation away.
The question of course is how could such absurd decisions have been made to begin with? Were there no experts involved in the planning of the new power generation infrastructure? The answer obviously is no. Power executives are viewed as evil, dirty and greedy polluters, and thus were never really consulted. They could not be counted on to give the politically correct solutions. Therefore the decision to shut down the German nuclear power plants and to massively support renewables was done unilaterally by the government, without consulting the power executives or even neighboring countries.
Offshore wind parks, but no transmission lines to industrial regions!
Now that the damage is spreading, Germany's utilities are now struggling to keep the grid stable and to fill in the power gap left by the shut-down of nuclear reactors. To do this the German government has ordered the installation of large-scale wind parks in the North and Baltic seas, in addition to the re-commissioning of mothballed, inefficient coal-fired plants. This overall energy production transition from nuclear and fossils over to "renewables" is dubbed by German officials as the Energy Supply Transformation. Construction of the offshore wind parks is now progressing rapidly. But there's just one problem: the huge high voltage power transmission lines needed to bring their power to Germany's industrial heartland to the south are missing! More than 3000 km of these lines are needed, but are nowhere near in sight. The government forgot about those too!
Activists groups blocking grid expansion
Building the power transmission lines quickly across the landscape will be a virtually impossible task. Activist groups have long since organized and are effectively blocking their approval and construction. So far only a measly 214 km have been built. As a result, surplus wind power cannot be delivered to the markets, and thus either has to be destroyed, dumped on the market at "negative prices", or wind park owners are simply ordered to stop generating. No problem though – paragraph 12 of Germany's Energy Feed-In Act requires electric utilities to pay for the electricity that they ask not to have produced! Technically, there is an incentive for wind parks to destabilize the grid.
Eventually all these costs add up and in the end they get passed along to the consumer. Under the bottom line, consumers have to pay more and more, and for a lower and lower quality supply. German industry is getting nervous and surveys show that many are leaving Germany, or are planning to do so. They no longer view Germany's power supply as reliable.
In a death spiral…"will fail spectacularly"
Dr. Guenter Keil's report focusses in detail on the amazing absurdities of Germany's Renewable Energy Feed-In Act and the country's utopian Energy Transformation. The government, through intrusive meddling and ballooning bureaucracy, has maneuvered Germany's energy supply system into a vicious death spiral: the more the government intervenes, the greater the mess becomes. And the greater the mess becomes, the more the government intervenes! Dr. Keil concludes:
"Germany's energy transformation has already failed. For Germans, the outlook is bleak. …the planned mismanagement is heavily damaging the economy and will fail spectacularly some years later because its economic and social costs will have become unbearable. The question remaining open is how many billions of euros will have to be destroyed before a new energy policy (a new energy transformation?) picks up the shattered pieces."
So it's no wonder that according to a survey of experts from 21 national committees by the World Energy Council, 0% said they could imagine their own country completely taking over the German political approach. An equal number believe Germany will reach its stated targets.
Germany's model will serve as a classic lesson on how not to handle energy production and management.
Michael Limburg; with thanks to Pierre Gosselin from notrickszone for excellent translation support
Dr. Guenter Keil was a scientific employee at the Technical University of Munich / Fraunhofer Society, as well as Project Support at the Federal Research Ministry.
For downloading full report & press release here or see files attached (remark: Downloads of .doc pressrelease with SAFARI seems not to work, FIRFOX workfs fine)


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Lakme CC contest Winner's Entry By Nidhi Gautam
Lakme CC contest Winner's Entry By Nidhi Gautam
I love it :)ReplyDelete
so so so pretty nids! all the best.ReplyDelete
OMG you looks hot in this look Nids :DReplyDelete
Very pretty :)ReplyDelete
sab kuch achha hai.. gorgeous Nids.. whistle whistle <3ReplyDelete
so pretty my dear nidsy :) :)ReplyDelete
Nicely done. And congrats on you win :)ReplyDelete
Nidhi gorgeous you look!! Loved the eyemakeupReplyDelete
Nidhi, you have flawless skin like baby's complexion. nice!ReplyDelete
Lovely look Nidhi. Loved ur eye look <3ReplyDelete
very pretty :)ReplyDelete
Very pretty look :)ReplyDelete
Beautiful make over with the Lakme products. Just like Rimmel, Lakme is hard to come by over here though it was so popular at one time. I have used the eye products and I just love the simmer in it.ReplyDelete
very pretty congz :)ReplyDelete
You look so gorgeous Nids, love your eye makeup and of course your smile <3ReplyDelete
you look so beautiful and innocentReplyDelete
U look Gorgeous Nids... the makeup is just lovely but u put into skin care.. u have got such a lovely skin ... Please share your beauty secrets!! :)ReplyDelete
Nids, you are looking gorgeous dear :) You have a very healthy skin. Only CC cream is doing wonders.
Loving the whole look. Perfect :)
My recent - http://myglossyaffair.blogspot.in/2013/08/pure-ice-nail-paint-jamaica-me-crazy.html
Thats Gorgeous work Nids <3 .. You look soo beautiful in those pix :) I loved it to the core ;) <3
Boss competition tagda hai ;) Hehehe :D
Awesome, Love the lip color and eye makeup :)ReplyDelete
I have changed the comment system due to which your lovely comments have been disappeared from a lot of posts.
I appreciate the time you take to comment but Kindly DO NOT PUT LINKS in the comments, they will be DELETED. Anonymous comments are disabled, Plz do mail me if you have questions!
Niesha Jeenwal

subset: commoncrawl


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James Franco Is Going to Ruin Literature Once Again
Notorious class sleeper, D student, failed Oscar host, art enthusiast, multiple PhD candidate, and sometimes actor James Franco is going to ruin literature once again. He sold a novel! To Amazon! About actors! My eyes are getting a workout from all this rolling.
Franco's first big boy novel, Actor's Anonymous, will be published by Amazon. Does that mean its' going to print up hard copies or is this a glorified e-book? It's about Franco's experiences as an actor and is semi-autobiographical. I hope there's a whole chapter about a blog that said he might be a gay rapist. That would be a good chapter.
James Franco's first collection of short stories, Palo Alto was published by Scribner. It was a piece of shit.


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A British Columbia elementary school teacher was scolded after she included a quote from Dr. Seuss's Yertle the Turtle in materials she brought to a meeting with school management. The story, school officials warned, was "too political" and would not be acceptable in the classroom, in the interests of "shielding the children from political messaging." Indeed! We would not want their delicate child-brains exposed to poisonous ideas about turtle rights!
In case you stayed in the womb until age 40, Yertle the Turtle is a rhyming allegory about how you shouldn't squish other people for your own gain, and if you do then you deserve to fall in mud. And the disgusting piece of turtle propaganda that so offended Canadian sensibilities? This line: "I know up on top you are seeing great sights, but down here on the bottom, we too should have rights."
Right. We certainly shouldn't indoctrinate children into the idea that those on the "bottom" deserve rights. Let children make up their own minds about whether or not they want to be tiny dictators! Yeesh. I mean, this barely qualifies as political messaging—it's just basic human decency messaging.
To be fair, though, this being Canada, the school administrators are kind of adorably contrite about the silliness of the whole thing. (In America we would literally BAN TURTLES.) It's about context, they say:
And while he conceded Tuesday that it might seem absurd to spend time reviewing quotes from, among others, Dr. Seuss and former Canadian prime minister John Diefenbaker, Mr. Stigant said the review is necessary to protect students from an often-bitter dispute.
In the midst of a labour dispute between the British Columbia Teachers' Federation and the province, the quote was deemed unsuitable.
"I responded that in the context, it was borderline," Mr. Stigant said. "Contextually, it was political – but it was grey and I would prefer it didn't appear and I believe she agreed."
So it's not exactly as simple as administrators fearing a turtle-induced child-riot. (Boooooo.) But still, the idea that we need to "protect" kids from "messages" is bizarre. But hey, this is all great marketing for my new children's book! It's called Muffin, and it's just a picture of a muffin. It's a pretty big departure from my first book, Don't Shit in Other Kids' Lunchboxes, but that one got banned. Too political.


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Imagination Announces PowerVR Wizard GPU Family: Rogue Learns Ray Tracing
// AnandTech
Taking place this week in San Francisco is 2014 Game Developers Conference. Though not necessarily a hardware show, in years past we have seen gaming-related product announcements in both the desktop space and the mobile space. This year is no exception, and in the mobile space in particular it looks to be a very busy year. As we saw on Monday, Khronos is at the show announcing OpenGL ES 3.1, with more announcements to come in the days that follow.
But it's Imagination Technologies that may end up taking the spotlight for the most groundbreaking announcement. Never a stranger to GDC, Imagination is at GDC 2014 to announce their new family of GPU designs. Dubbed "Wizard", Imagination is introducing a family of GPUs unlike anything we've seen before.
To get right to the point then, what is Wizard? In short, Wizard is Imagination's long expected push for ray tracing in the consumer GPU space. Ray tracing itself is not new to the world of GPUs – it can be implemented somewhat inefficiently in shaders today – but with Wizard, Imagination intends to take it one step further. To that end Imagination has been working on the subject of ray tracing since 2010, including actions such as founding the OpenRL API and releasing dedicated ray tracing cards, and now they are ready to take the next step by introducing dedicated ray tracing hardware into their consumer GPU designs.
The end result of that effort is the Wizard family of GPUs. Wizard is essentially an extension of Imagination's existing PowerVR Series6XT Rogue designs, taking the base hardware and adding the additional blocks necessary to do ray tracing. The end result being a GPU that is meant to be every bit as capable as Rogue in traditional rasterization rendering, but also possessing the ability to do ray tracing on top of that.
The Wizard Architecture
The first Wizard design, being introduced today, is the GR6500. The GR6500 is a variant of the existing Series6XT GX6450, possessing the same 128 ALU USCA and augmented with Imagination's ray tracing hardware. From a high level overview there's nothing new about GR6500's Rogue-based rasterization hardware, and since we covered that in depth last month in our look at Rogue, we'll dive right into Imagination's new ray tracing blocks for Wizard.
The Wizard architecture's ray tracing functionality is composed of 4 blocks. The Ray Tracing Data Master, the Ray Tracing Unit, the Scene Hierarchy Generator, and the Frame Accumulation Cache. These blocks are built along Rogue's common bus, and in cases wired directly to the USC Array, allowing them to both push data onto the rasterization hardware and pull data off of it for further processing.
Starting with the Ray Tracing Data Master, this is the block responsible for feeding ray data back into the rasterization hardware. With the Ray Tracing Unit calculating the ray data and intersections, the data master then passes that data on to the rasterization hardware for final pixel resolution, as the ray data is consumed to calculate those values.
Meanwhile the Ray Tracing Unit (RTU) is the centerpiece of Imagination's ray tracing hardware. A fixed function (non-programmable) block where the actual ray tracing work goes on, the RTU contains two sub-blocks: the Ray Interaction Processor, and the Coherency Engine. The Ray Interaction Processor in turn is where the ALUs responsible for ray tracing reside, while the Coherency Engine is responsible for keeping rays organized and coherent (close to each other) for efficient processing.
Notably, the RTU is a stand-alone unit. That is, it doesn't rely on the ALUs in the USC Array to do any of its processing. All ray tracing work takes place in the RTU, leaving the USC Array to its traditional rasterization work and ultimately consuming the output of the RTU for final pixel resolution. This means that the addition of ray tracing hardware doesn't impact theoretical rasterization performance, however in the real world it's reasonable to expect that there will be a performance tradeoff from the RTU consuming memory bandwidth.
Finally we have the Scene Hierarchy Generator and Frame Accumulation Cache. Imagination's description of these units was fairly limited, and we don't know a great deal about them beyond the fact that the Scene Hierarchy Generator is used in dynamic object updates, while the Frame Accumulation Cache provides write-combining scattered access to the frame buffer. In the case of the latter this appears to be a block intended to offset the naturally incoherent nature of ray tracing, which makes efficient memory operations and caching difficult.
A basic model of ray tracing. Image courtesy Henrik
As we mentioned before, while the ray tracing hardware is tied into Wizard's rasterization hardware and data buses, it fundamentally operates separately from the rasterization hardware. For GR6500 this means that at Imagination's reference clockspeed of 600MHz it will be able to deliver up to 300 million rays per second, 24 billion node tests per second, and 100 million dynamic triangles per second. This would be alongside GR6500's 150 GFLOPs of FP32 computational throughput in the USC Array. Of course like all PowerVR designs, this is a reference design licensed as IP to SoC designers, and as such the actual performance for a GR6500 will depend on how high the shipping clockspeed is in any given SoC.
With that in mind, while we already know a fair bit about Wizard's design, Imagination isn't saying a lot about some of the finer implementation details at this time. At a low level we don't know much about how the RTU's ALUs are organized and how they gather rays, for example. And at a high level we don't know what the die size or power consumption cost is for implementing this ray tracing hardware, and consequently how GR6500 compares to GX6430 and GX6650. Unquestionably it's bigger and more power hungry, we just don't know to what degree.
Meanwhile it is worth pointing out that Imagination is targeting GR6500 in the same mobile/embedded SoC space as the Rogue GPUs, so it's clear that the power requirements in particular can't be too much higher than the rasterization-only Rogue hardware. With GR6500 just now being announced and the typical SoC development cycle putting shipping silicon into 2015 (or later), these are blanks that we expect we'll be able to fill in as GR6500 gets closer to shipping.
Why Ray Tracing?
With the matter of the Wizard architecture out of the way, this brings us to our second point: why ray tracing?
The short answer is that there are certain classes of effects that can't easily be implemented on traditional rasterization hardware. The most important of these effects fall under the umbrellas of lighting/shadows, transparencies, and reflections. All of these effects can be implemented today in some manner on traditional rasterization based processes, but in those cases those rasterization-based implementations will come with some sort of drawback, be it memory, geometry, performance, or overall accuracy.
The point then of putting ray tracing hardware in a PowerVR GPU is to offer dedicated, fixed function hardware to accelerate these processes. By pulling them out of the shaders and implementing superior ray tracing based algorithms, the quality of the effect should go up and at the same time the power/resource cost of the effect may very well go down.
The end result being that Imagination is envisioning games that implement a hybrid rendering model. Rasterization is still the fastest and most effective way to implement a number of real-time rendering steps – rasterization has been called the ultimate cheat in graphics, and over the years hardware and software developers have gotten very, very good at this cheating – so the idea is to continue to use rasterization where it makes sense, and then implementing ray tracing effects on top of scene rasterization when they are called for. The combination of the two forming a hybrid model that maintains the benefits of rasterization while including the benefits of ray tracing.
On the other hand, Imagination is also being rather explicit in that they are pursuing the hybrid model instead of a pure ray tracing model. Pure ray tracing is often used in "offline" work – rendering CGI for movies, for example – and while other vendors such as Intel have pursued real time ray tracing, this is not the direction Imagination intends to go. Their ray tracing hardware is fixed function, making it small and powerful but also introducing limitations that make it less than ideal for pure ray tracing; a solid match for the hybrid model the company is pursuing.
First Thoughts
However of all the questions Imagination's ray tracing technology raises, the biggest one is also the simplest one: will Wizard and ray tracing be successful? From a high level overview Imagination's ideas appear to be well thought out and otherwise solid, but of course we are hardly game developers and as such aren't in a great position to evaluate just how practical implementing a hybrid rendering model would be. It's a safe bet that we're not going to see pure ray tracing for real time rendering any time soon, but what Imagination presents with their hybrid model is something different than the kinds of ray tracing solutions presented before.
From a development point of view, to the benefit of Imagination's efforts they already have two things in their favor. The first is that they've lined up the support of Unity Technologies, developers of the Unity game engine, to support ray tracing. Unity 5.x will be able to use Imagination's ray tracing technology to accelerate real time lighting previews in editor mode, thereby allowing developers to see a reasonable facsimile of their final (baked) lighting in real time. Meanwhile some game developers already implement ray tracing-like techniques for some of their effects, so some portion of developers do have a general familiarity with ray tracing already.
Unity 5 Editor Mode with Ray Tracing
As for the consumer standpoint, there is a basic question over whether OEMs and end users will be interested in the technology. With Imagination being the first and only GPU vendor implementing ray tracing (so far), they need to be able to convince OEMs and end users that this technology is worthwhile, a task that's far from easy in the hyper-competitive SoC GPU space. In the end Imagination needs to sell their customers on the idea of ray tracing, and that it's worth the die space that would otherwise be allocated to additional rasterization hardware. And then they need to get developers to create the software to run on this hardware.
Ultimately by including dedicated ray tracing hardware in their GPUs, Imagination is taking a sizable risk. If their ideas fully pan out then the reward is the first mover advantage, which would cement their place in the SoC GPU space and give them significant leverage as other GPU vendors would seek to implement similar ray tracing hardware. The converse would be that Imagination's ray tracing efforts fizzle, and while they have their equally rasterization capable Rogue designs to rely on, it means at a minimum they would have wasted their time on a technology that went nowhere.
With that in mind, all we can say is that it will be extremely interesting to see where this goes. Though ray tracing is not new in the world of GPUs, the inclusion of dedicated ray tracing hardware is absolutely groundbreaking. We can't even begin to predict what this might lead to, but with SoC GPUs usually being an echo of desktop GPUs, there's no denying that we're seeing something new and unprecedented with Wizard. And just maybe, something that's the start of a bigger shift in real time graphics.
Finally, today's announcement brings to mind an interesting statement made by John Carmack a bit over a year ago when he was discussing ray tracing hardware. At the time he wrote "I am 90% sure that the eventual path to integration of ray tracing hardware into consumer devices will be as minor tweaks to the existing GPU microarchitectures." As is often the case with John Carmack, it looks like he may just be right after all.
Update: Speaking of John Carmack, here's another interesting quip from him, written this afternoon after seeing the Wizard announcement.
I am very happy with the advent of the PVR Wizard ray tracing tech. RTRT HW from people with a clue!— John Carmack (@ID_AA_Carmack) March 18, 2014
via CG Class @ NCSU http://ift.tt/1lUGOxn


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Thomas E. Woods, Jr.,
is the New York Times bestselling author of 12 books, including The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History, Meltdown (on the financial crisis, featuring a foreword by Ron Paul), 33 Questions About American History You're Not Supposed to Ask, and Real Dissent: A Libertarian Sets Fire to the Index Card of Allowable Opinion. Click here to read more
Kevin R.C. Gutzman
is the New York Times bestselling author of James Madison and the Making of America, The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Constitution, Who Killed the Constitution? (with Thomas Woods), and Virginia's American Revolution. He is chairman of the department of history at Western Connecticut State University.
Robert Murphy
is a Research Assistant Professor at the Free Market Institute (FMI) at Texas Tech University, and, along with Tom Woods, co-host of the weekly podcast, Contra Krugman.
Brion McClanahan
is the author of The Founding Fathers' Guide to the Constitution and The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Founding Fathers.
Jason Jewell
is chairman of the department of humanities at Faulkner University.
Jeffrey M. Herbener
is chairman of the department of economics at Grove City College, associate editor of the Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, and editor of The Meaning of Ludwig von Mises.
Gerard Casey
is Professor Emeritus in the School of Philosophy at University College Dublin. His books include Natural Reason, Murray Rothbard, and Libertarian Anarchy.
G.P. Manish
is a professor of economics in the Sorrell College of Business at Troy University and a member of the University's Manuel H. Johnson Center of Political Economy. He holds a Ph.D. in economics from Suffolk University.
Hunt Tooley
is Professor of History and Chair of the History Department at Austin College in Sherman, Texas. He specializes in Modern European History and is the author of Western Front: Battleground and Home Front in the First World War and National Identity and Weimar Germany.
Jonathan Bean
is a professor of history at Southern Illinois University and a research fellow of the Independent Institute. He is the author of Beyond the Broker State: Federal Policies Toward Small Business, 1936-1961 and Big Government and Affirmative Action: The Scandalous History of the Small Business Administration, and editor of Race and History in America: The Essential Reader.
Bradley Birzer
is a professor of history and the Russell Amos Kirk Chair in American Studies at Hillsdale College. His books include Russell Kirk: American Conservative, American Cicero: The Life of Charles Carroll, and J.R.R. Tolkien's Sanctifying Myth: Understanding Middle Earth.
Dedra Birzer
is a lecturer in history at Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Michigan. She is currently under contract for a book on Rose Wilder Lane and her cohort of public intellectual women. She has written entries for a number of specialized encyclopedias in print and online, including The Black Past, the New Catholic Encyclopedia, and Dictionary of American Biography.
Dear Libertarian Friend:
Decades ago, when I was young and in college, and just starting my journey into the world of libertarian thought in earnest, I ate most of my meals in the campus cafeteria.
Every night after dinner, I'd walk out the front door smack into a crowd of radical students distributing a communist newspaper. I'm not kidding: hammer and sickle and everything.
When they tried to talk me into taking a copy, I refused and explained I was a free-marketeer, which invariably started a heated argument.
I have to confess that I didn't always cover myself with glory when defending free market thinking.
You see, I was pretty sure the free market was the best way for society to be arranged. But I didn't always have the facts, figures, and logical arguments to back it up.
Today, that's all different.
For instance, at a cocktail party, a leftist and I got into a verbal dust-up when he insisted that socialism was the moral approach to government because it helps the poor, while capitalism helps only the rich.
Instead of trying to frame my argument on the fly, I defended the free market with well-thought-out rationales I have acquired through decades of studying and writing about libertarian thought and capitalism.
"In a market economy, producers earn and keep profits, which they use to buy equipment and hire workers, enabling them to produce in much greater quantities at lower cost," I explained to my leftist opponent.
"People's real incomes rise, and they become better off, because the economy becomes physically capable of producing in greater and greater abundance at ever lower costs, and the benefit of this greater abundance is lower prices, increasing consumer buying power."
By the way, this is precisely what happened during the 19th and 20th centuries: People at the end of the last century had to work far less than those at the beginning of the 1900s to earn the necessary purchasing power to buy a wide range of important consumer goods. And this is why the poorest suffer the fewest deprivations in the world's most market-friendly societies.
With his leftist worldview dismantled in about 120 seconds, my verbal sparring partner left without a comeback and walked off in a huff. That always gives me tremendous satisfaction.
I'm Tom Woods. I am the best-selling author of 12 books on libertarianism and free-market economics, including The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History. See my bio at left for more details.
I have spent literally tens of thousands of dollars and more than a decade acquiring degrees in history, including a bachelor's from Harvard and Ph.D. from Columbia, and have dedicated my life to defending free-market thought and teaching it to others.
But I realize most people don't have the time, funds, or inclination to devote almost a decade of their lives to school and study like I did. And so I found the perfect solution – an online resource that can give you the equivalent of a doctoral degree in libertarian philosophy, politics, and economics in months or even weeks instead of years.
With this new knowledge, you can master the facts and arguments behind the libertarian ideas you hold dear, so you can persuade your critics of the correctness of your position. And you can get this free-market education online, without leaving your home, for just 24 cents a day! Introducing….
Liberty Classroom: the premiere online "university" of libertarian thought that you can "attend" while sitting at your PC or driving in your car.
Liberty Classroom is one of the largest and most expertly researched and written collections of audio and video lessons and lectures on libertarian ideas and free-market economics available anywhere in the world today.
Listening to the audios and watching the videos will load you up with the facts, figures, and other ammunition you need to feel supremely confident … and come out on top … when arguing politics or economics with yet another devoted leftist or socialist – and even with neoconservatives, who make their own share of mistakes.
Now you'll have the knowledge to clearly articulate the central political and economic issues of libertarianism. Including:
The free market and monopolies. Your high school teacher probably told you that the 19th-century American economy was shot through with monopolies, thanks to the free market, and that only government intervention was able to reverse the process. I was taught this, too. But it's bunk, and we'll give you the real story.
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The blonde moptop was going places on TV's Glee until he abruptly wasn't. Also today: Bridesmaids is super successful, the new Chelsea Handler sitcom is not, and some info on actresses' paychecks.
- Fox's Glee, the most wildly mismanaged television show on the air, has gone and fired one of their patented singhunks, the blonde mouth monster Chord Overstreet, aka Brian Moylan's best friend. Well OK, they haven't exactly fired him, they just didn't pick up his option to become a regular cast member next season and are now saying that he might "guest star" in some episodes. So... yeah get got fired. It's not really his fault. He's pretty to look at and sings fine and all. It's just that Glee hired wayyy too many new cast members while basking in the giddy success of its first season. So someone had to go. And Chord Overstreet it was. Ah well. I guess this means we won't get the Sam/Kurt/Blaine fucktet we've long been promised? Or maybe that's one of the guest star episodes. Maybe! [Deadline]
- Speaking of people being fired from television shows, in an always ominous bit of retooling, NBC has fired three of the main cast members of Chelsea Handler's Are You There, Vodka? It's Me, Chelsea. Natalie Morales will no longer play Laura Prepon's (aka Chelsea Handler's) best friend, and Angel Laketa Moore and utterly execrable comedian Jo Koy will no longer play her bar coworkers. So, OK, fair enough. Firing Jo Koy from everything is always a good idea. But can't we just fire this whole show? The promo clips are insanely embarrassing, Laura Prepon will never wash this stink off, and there is way too much punctuation in the show's title. Also, Chelsea Handler is terrible at everything, especially being funny. Sorry, I know that's polarizing. But her humor is all about vodka and chlamydia and ha ha ha 2003? Is it 2003 still? When that was "funny"? I don't think it is, is the thing! I just don't think it is 2003 anymore. But yeah, sorry you guys, about being fired. Except not you, Jo Koy. I am not sorry you got fired. [TV Line]
- Kristen Wiig's lafapalooza Bridesmaids has now become the most successful Judd Apatow-produced movie ever, so suck on that, men. But suck on it too, other ladies, because Bridesmaids has also become the top-grossing R-rated "female comedy" of all time, eclipsing the old crones of Sex and the City 2: Curse of the Samantha. So way to go "female comedies"! What was the first "female comedy," I wonder. Was it Tootsie? I think it was Tootsie. [THR]
- Speaking of ladies! Here is a list of the highest paid actresses in all of the showbiz. It's your pretty standard list, no real surprises. Among the top earners are gals like Illeana Douglas and Jayne Atkinson and Cynthia Stevenson and Bess Armstrong and Mary Kay Place. You know, typical list of deservingly well-paid actresses. Except, of course, that is not true at all. It's Katherine Heigl and Sarah Jessica Parker and Cameron Diaz. Yeah. Them. Katherine Heigl makes $12 million a movie. Uh. Have you seen Killers? I watched that on Netflix last weekend and holy hell is that an aggressively awful movie. Just Katherine Heigl and Ashton Kutcher walking up to you with piles of shit in their hands and saying to us, the audience, "Look, shit. Shit. Here, eat the shit. You don't deserve better. Here's shit. Eat it. Eat the shit. Go on and eat it, you know you're going to eventually." Sigh. Hollyweird! [Forbes]
- Oh here's some weird news. Adam Sandler is voicing the role of Dracula in the upcoming animated movie Hotel Transylvania, about a hotel for monsters, and joining him in the voice cast will be Kevin James. Whaaaaaat? What are they whaaaaaat? Adam Sandler and Emily Watson, sure. Adam Sandler and Kevin James??? I don't even know what that means! What a weird pairing. Also providing a voice in this movie will be Cee Lo Green as
Samantha Jonesa mummy. So should we just cancel the Oscar pool now because it's so obvious who's going to win everything? [Deadline]
[Photo via Getty]


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Acknowledgments vi
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About Milken Institute xi
Chapter 1 The Evolution of Finance 1
Chapter 2 A Framework for Financial Innovation: Managing Capital Structure 27
Chapter 3 Innovations in Business Finance 51
Chapter 4 Innovations in Housing Finance 85
Chapter 5 Environmental Finance: Innovating to Save the Planet 117
Chapter 6 Financing the Developing World 149
Chapter 7 Financing Cures 185
Chapter 8 Six Cardinal Rules of Financial Innovation 215
Appendix The Black-Scholes Formula 225
Index 227


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Chapter VI: The Hall Farm
EVIDENTLY that gate is never opened, for the long grass and the great hemlocks grow close against it, and if it were opened, it is so rusty that the force necessary to turn it on its hinges would be likely to pull down the square stone-built pillars, to the detriment of the two stone lionesses which grin with a doubtful carnivorous affability above a coat of arms surmounting each of the pillars. It would be easy enough, by the aid of the nicks in the stone pillars, to climb over the brick wall with its smooth stone coping; but by putting our eyes close to the rusty bars of the gate, we can see the house well enough, and all but the very corners of the grassy enclosure.
It is a very fine old place, of red brick, softened by a pale powdery lichen, which has dispersed itself with happy irregularity, so as to bring the red brick into terms of friendly companionship with the limestone ornaments surrounding the three gables, the windows, and the door-place. But the windows are patched with wooden panes, and the door, I think, is like the gate--it is never opened. How it would groan and grate against the stone floor if it were! For it is a solid, heavy, handsome door, and must once have been in the habit of shutting with a sonorous bang behind a liveried lackey, who had just seen his master and mistress off the grounds in a carriage and pair.
But at present one might fancy the house in the early stage of a chancery suit, and that the fruit from that grand double row of walnut-trees on the right hand of the enclosure would fall and rot among the grass, if it were not that we heard the booming bark of dogs echoing from great buildings at the back. And now the half-weaned calves that have been sheltering themselves in a gorse-built hovel against the left-hand wall come out and set up a silly answer to that terrible bark, doubtless supposing that it has reference to buckets of milk.
Yes, the house must be inhabited, and we will see by whom; for imagination is a licensed trespasser: it has no fear of dogs, but may climb over walls and peep in at windows with impunity. Put your face to one of the glass panes in the right-hand window: what do you see? A large open fireplace, with rusty dogs in it, and a bare boarded floor; at the far end, fleeces of wool stacked up; in the middle of the floor, some empty corn-bags. That is the furniture of the dining-room. And what through the left-hand window? Several clothes-horses, a pillion, a spinning-wheel, and an old box wide open and stuffed full of coloured rags. At the edge of this box there lies a great wooden doll, which, so far as mutilation is concerned, bears a strong resemblance to the finest Greek sculpture, and especially in the total loss of its nose. Near it there is a little chair, and the butt end of a boy's leather long-lashed whip.
The history of the house is plain now. It was once the residence of a country squire, whose family, probably dwindling down to mere spinsterhood, got merged in the more territorial name of Donnithorne. It was once the Hall; it is now the Hall Farm. Like the life in some coast town that was once a watering-place, and is now a port, where the genteel streets are silent and grass-grown, and the docks and warehouses busy and resonant, the life at the Hall has changed its focus, and no longer radiates from the parlour, but from the kitchen and the farmyard.
Plenty of life there, though this is the drowsiest time of the year, just before hay-harvest; and it is the drowsiest time of the day too, for it is close upon three by the sun, and it is half-past three by Mrs. Poyser's handsome eight-day clock. But there is always a stronger sense of life when the sun is brilliant after rain; and now he is pouring down his beams, and making sparkles among the wet straw, and lighting up every patch of vivid green moss on the red tiles of the cow-shed, and turning even the muddy water that is hurrying along the channel to the drain into a mirror for the yellow-billed ducks, who are seizing the opportunity of getting a drink with as much body in it as possible. There is quite a concert of noises; the great bull-dog, chained against the stables, is thrown into furious exasperation by the unwary approach of a cock too near the mouth of his kennel, and sends forth a thundering bark, which is answered by two fox-hounds shut up in the opposite cow-house; the old top-knotted hens, scratching with their chicks among the straw, set up a sympathetic croaking as the discomfited cock joins them; a sow with her brood, all very muddy as to the legs, and curled as to the tail, throws in some deep staccato notes; our friends the calves are bleating from the home croft; and, under all, a fine ear discerns the continuous hum of human voices.
For the great barn-doors are thrown wide open, and men are busy there mending the harness, under the superintendence of Mr. Goby, the "whittaw," otherwise saddler, who entertains them with the latest Treddleston gossip. It is certainly rather an unfortunate day that Alick, the shepherd, has chosen for having the whittaws, since the morning turned out so wet; and Mrs. Poyser has spoken her mind pretty strongly as to the dirt which the extra number of men's shoes brought into the house at dinnertime. Indeed, she has not yet recovered her equanimity on the subject, though it is now nearly three hours since dinner, and the house-floor is perfectly clean again; as clean as everything else in that wonderful house-place, where the only chance of collecting a few grains of dust would be to climb on the salt-coffer, and put your finger on the high mantel-shelf on which the glittering brass candlesticks are enjoying their summer sinecure; for at this time of year, of course, every one goes to bed while it is yet light, or at least light enough to discern the outline of objects after you have bruised your shins against them. Surely nowhere else could an oak clock-case and an oak table have got to such a polish by the hand: genuine "elbow polish," as Mrs. Poyser called it, for she thanked God she never had any of your varnished rubbish in her house. Hetty Sorrel often took the opportunity, when her aunt's back was turned, of looking at the pleasing reflection of herself in those polished surfaces, for the oak table was usually turned up like a screen, and was more for ornament than for use; and she could see herself sometimes in the great round pewter dishes that were ranged on the shelves above the long deal dinner-table, or in the hobs of the grate, which always shone like jasper.
Everything was looking at its brightest at this moment, for the sun shone right on the pewter dishes, and from their reflecting surfaces pleasant jets of light were thrown on mellow oak and bright brass--and on a still pleasanter object than these, for some of the rays fell on Dinah's finely moulded cheek, and lit up her pale red hair to auburn, as she bent over the heavy household linen which she was mending for her aunt. No scene could have been more peaceful, if Mrs. Poyser, who was ironing a few things that still remained from the Monday's wash, had not been making a frequent clinking with her iron and moving to and fro whenever she wanted it to cool; carrying the keen glance of her blue-grey eye from the kitchen to the dairy, where Hetty was making up the butter, and from the dairy to the back kitchen, where Nancy was taking the pies out of the oven. Do not suppose, however, that Mrs. Poyser was elderly or shrewish in her appearance; she was a good-looking woman, not more than eight-and-thirty, of fair complexion and sandy hair, well-shapen, light-footed. The most conspicuous article in her attire was an ample checkered linen apron, which almost covered her skirt; and nothing could be plainer or less noticeable than her cap and gown, for there was no weakness of which she was less tolerant than feminine vanity, and the preference of ornament to utility. The family likeness between her and her niece Dinah Morris, with the contrast between her keenness and Dinah's seraphic gentleness of expression, might have served a painter as an excellent suggestion for a Martha and Mary. Their eyes were just of the same colour, but a striking test of the difference in their operation was seen in the demeanour of Trip, the black-and-tan terrier, whenever that much-suspected dog unwarily exposed himself to the freezing arctic ray of Mrs. Poyser's glance. Her tongue was not less keen than her eye, and, whenever a damsel came within earshot, seemed to take up an unfinished lecture, as a barrel-organ takes up a tune, precisely at the point where it had left off.
The fact that it was churning day was another reason why it was inconvenient to have the whittaws, and why, consequently, Mrs. Poyser should scold Molly the housemaid with unusual severity. To all appearance Molly had got through her after-dinner work in an exemplary manner, had "cleaned herself" with great dispatch, and now came to ask, submissively, if she should sit down to her spinning till milking time. But this blameless conduct, according to Mrs. Poyser, shrouded a secret indulgence of unbecoming wishes, which she now dragged forth and held up to Molly's view with cutting eloquence.
"Spinning, indeed! It isn't spinning as you'd be at, I'll be bound, and let you have your own way. I never knew your equals for gallowsness. To think of a gell o' your age wanting to go and sit with half-a-dozen men! I'd ha' been ashamed to let the words pass over my lips if I'd been you. And you, as have been here ever since last Michaelmas, and I hired you at Treddles'on stattits, without a bit o' character--as I say, you might be grateful to be hired in that way to a respectable place; and you knew no more o' what belongs to work when you come here than the mawkin i' the field. As poor a two-fisted thing as ever I saw, you know you was. Who taught you to scrub a floor, I should like to know? Why, you'd leave the dirt in heaps i' the corners--anybody 'ud think you'd never been brought up among Christians. And as for spinning, why, you've wasted as much as your wage i' the flax you've spoiled learning to spin. And you've a right to feel that, and not to go about as gaping and as thoughtless as if you was beholding to nobody. Comb the wool for the whittaws, indeed! That's what you'd like to be doing, is it? That's the way with you--that's the road you'd all like to go, headlongs to ruin. You're never easy till you've got some sweetheart as is as big a fool as yourself: you think you'll be finely off when you're married, I daresay, and have got a three-legged stool to sit on, and never a blanket to cover you, and a bit o' oat-cake for your dinner, as three children are a-snatching at."
"I'm sure I donna want t' go wi' the whittaws," said Molly, whimpering, and quite overcome by this Dantean picture of her future, "on'y we allays used to comb the wool for 'n at Mester Ottley's; an' so I just axed ye. I donna want to set eyes on the whittaws again; I wish I may never stir if I do."
"Mr. Ottley's, indeed! It's fine talking o' what you did at Mr. Ottley's. Your missis there might like her floors dirted wi' whittaws for what I know. There's no knowing what people WONNA like--such ways as I've heard of! I never had a gell come into my house as seemed to know what cleaning was; I think people live like pigs, for my part. And as to that Betty as was dairymaid at Trent's before she come to me, she'd ha' left the cheeses without turning from week's end to week's end, and the dairy thralls, I might ha' wrote my name on 'em, when I come downstairs after my illness, as the doctor said it was inflammation--it was a mercy I got well of it. And to think o' your knowing no better, Molly, and been here a-going i' nine months, and not for want o' talking to, neither--and what are you stanning there for, like a jack as is run down, instead o' getting your wheel out? You're a rare un for sitting down to your work a little while after it's time to put by."
"Munny, my iron's twite told; pease put it down to warm."
The small chirruping voice that uttered this request came from a little sunny-haired girl between three and four, who, seated on a high chair at the end of the ironing table, was arduously clutching the handle of a miniature iron with her tiny fat fist, and ironing rags with an assiduity that required her to put her little red tongue out as far as anatomy would allow.
"Cold, is it, my darling? Bless your sweet face!" said Mrs. Poyser, who was remarkable for the facility with which she could relapse from her official objurgatory to one of fondness or of friendly converse. "Never mind! Mother's done her ironing now. She's going to put the ironing things away."
"Munny, I tould 'ike to do into de barn to Tommy, to see de whittawd."
"No, no, no; Totty 'ud get her feet wet," said Mrs. Poyser, carrying away her iron. "Run into the dairy and see cousin Hetty make the butter."
"I tould 'ike a bit o' pum-take," rejoined Totty, who seemed to be provided with several relays of requests; at the same time, taking the opportunity of her momentary leisure to put her fingers into a bowl of starch, and drag it down so as to empty the contents with tolerable completeness on to the ironing sheet.
"Did ever anybody see the like?" screamed Mrs. Poyser, running towards the table when her eye had fallen on the blue stream. "The child's allays i' mischief if your back's turned a minute. What shall I do to you, you naughty, naughty gell?"
Totty, however, had descended from her chair with great swiftness, and was already in retreat towards the dairy with a sort of waddling run, and an amount of fat on the nape of her neck which made her look like the metamorphosis of a white suckling pig.
The starch having been wiped up by Molly's help, and the ironing apparatus put by, Mrs. Poyser took up her knitting which always lay ready at hand, and was the work she liked best, because she could carry it on automatically as she walked to and fro. But now she came and sat down opposite Dinah, whom she looked at in a meditative way, as she knitted her grey worsted stocking.
"You look th' image o' your Aunt Judith, Dinah, when you sit a-sewing. I could almost fancy it was thirty years back, and I was a little gell at home, looking at Judith as she sat at her work, after she'd done the house up; only it was a little cottage, Father's was, and not a big rambling house as gets dirty i' one corner as fast as you clean it in another--but for all that, I could fancy you was your Aunt Judith, only her hair was a deal darker than yours, and she was stouter and broader i' the shoulders. Judith and me allays hung together, though she had such queer ways, but your mother and her never could agree. Ah, your mother little thought as she'd have a daughter just cut out after the very pattern o' Judith, and leave her an orphan, too, for Judith to take care on, and bring up with a spoon when SHE was in the graveyard at Stoniton. I allays said that o' Judith, as she'd bear a pound weight any day to save anybody else carrying a ounce. And she was just the same from the first o' my remembering her; it made no difference in her, as I could see, when she took to the Methodists, only she talked a bit different and wore a different sort o' cap; but she'd never in her life spent a penny on herself more than keeping herself decent."
"She was a blessed woman," said Dinah; "God had given her a loving, self-forgetting nature, and He perfected it by grace. And she was very fond of you too, Aunt Rachel. I often heard her talk of you in the same sort of way. When she had that bad illness, and I was only eleven years old, she used to say, 'You'll have a friend on earth in your Aunt Rachel, if I'm taken from you, for she has a kind heart,' and I'm sure I've found it so."
"I don't know how, child; anybody 'ud be cunning to do anything for you, I think; you're like the birds o' th' air, and live nobody knows how. I'd ha' been glad to behave to you like a mother's sister, if you'd come and live i' this country where there's some shelter and victual for man and beast, and folks don't live on the naked hills, like poultry a-scratching on a gravel bank. And then you might get married to some decent man, and there'd be plenty ready to have you, if you'd only leave off that preaching, as is ten times worse than anything your Aunt Judith ever did. And even if you'd marry Seth Bede, as is a poor wool-gathering Methodist and's never like to have a penny beforehand, I know your uncle 'ud help you with a pig, and very like a cow, for he's allays been good-natur'd to my kin, for all they're poor, and made 'em welcome to the house; and 'ud do for you, I'll be bound, as much as ever he'd do for Hetty, though she's his own niece. And there's linen in the house as I could well spare you, for I've got lots o' sheeting and table-clothing, and towelling, as isn't made up. There's a piece o' sheeting I could give you as that squinting Kitty spun--she was a rare girl to spin, for all she squinted, and the children couldn't abide her; and, you know, the spinning's going on constant, and there's new linen wove twice as fast as the old wears out. But where's the use o' talking, if ye wonna be persuaded, and settle down like any other woman in her senses, i'stead o' wearing yourself out with walking and preaching, and giving away every penny you get, so as you've nothing saved against sickness; and all the things you've got i' the world, I verily believe, 'ud go into a bundle no bigger nor a double cheese. And all because you've got notions i' your head about religion more nor what's i' the Catechism and the Prayer-book."
"But not more than what's in the Bible, Aunt," said Dinah.
"Yes, and the Bible too, for that matter," Mrs. Poyser rejoined, rather sharply; "else why shouldn't them as know best what's in the Bible--the parsons and people as have got nothing to do but learn it--do the same as you do? But, for the matter o' that, if everybody was to do like you, the world must come to a standstill; for if everybody tried to do without house and home, and with poor eating and drinking, and was allays talking as we must despise the things o' the world as you say, I should like to know where the pick o' the stock, and the corn, and the best new-milk cheeses 'ud have to go. Everybody 'ud be wanting bread made o' tail ends and everybody 'ud be running after everybody else to preach to 'em, istead o' bringing up their families, and laying by against a bad harvest. It stands to sense as that can't be the right religion."
"Nay, dear aunt, you never heard me say that all people are called to forsake their work and their families. It's quite right the land should be ploughed and sowed, and the precious corn stored, and the things of this life cared for, and right that people should rejoice in their families, and provide for them, so that this is done in the fear of the Lord, and that they are not unmindful of the soul's wants while they are caring for the body. We can all be servants of God wherever our lot is cast, but He gives us different sorts of work, according as He fits us for it and calls us to it. I can no more help spending my life in trying to do what I can for the souls of others, than you could help running if you heard little Totty crying at the other end of the house; the voice would go to your heart, you would think the dear child was in trouble or in danger, and you couldn't rest without running to help her and comfort her."
"Ah," said Mrs. Poyser, rising and walking towards the door, "I know it 'ud be just the same if I was to talk to you for hours. You'd make me the same answer, at th' end. I might as well talk to the running brook and tell it to stan' still."
The causeway outside the kitchen door was dry enough now for Mrs. Poyser to stand there quite pleasantly and see what was going on in the yard, the grey worsted stocking making a steady progress in her hands all the while. But she had not been standing there more than five minutes before she came in again, and said to Dinah, in rather a flurried, awe-stricken tone, "If there isn't Captain Donnithorne and Mr. Irwine a-coming into the yard! I'll lay my life they're come to speak about your preaching on the Green, Dinah; it's you must answer 'em, for I'm dumb. I've said enough a'ready about your bringing such disgrace upo' your uncle's family. I wouldn't ha' minded if you'd been Mr. Poyser's own niece--folks must put up wi' their own kin, as they put up wi' their own noses--it's their own flesh and blood. But to think of a niece o' mine being cause o' my husband's being turned out of his farm, and me brought him no fortin but my savin's----"
"Nay, dear Aunt Rachel," said Dinah gently, "you've no cause for such fears. I've strong assurance that no evil will happen to you and my uncle and the children from anything I've done. I didn't preach without direction."
"Direction! I know very well what you mean by direction," said Mrs. Poyser, knitting in a rapid and agitated manner. "When there's a bigger maggot than usual in your head you call it 'direction'; and then nothing can stir you--you look like the statty o' the outside o' Treddles'on church, a-starin' and a-smilin' whether it's fair weather or foul. I hanna common patience with you."
By this time the two gentlemen had reached the palings and had got down from their horses: it was plain they meant to come in. Mrs. Poyser advanced to the door to meet them, curtsying low and trembling between anger with Dinah and anxiety to conduct herself with perfect propriety on the occasion. For in those days the keenest of bucolic minds felt a whispering awe at the sight of the gentry, such as of old men felt when they stood on tiptoe to watch the gods passing by in tall human shape.
"Well, Mrs. Poyser, how are you after this stormy morning?" said Mr. Irwine, with his stately cordiality. "Our feet are quite dry; we shall not soil your beautiful floor."
"Oh, sir, don't mention it," said Mrs. Poyser. "Will you and the captain please to walk into the parlour?"
"No, indeed, thank you, Mrs. Poyser," said the captain, looking eagerly round the kitchen, as if his eye were seeking something it could not find. "I delight in your kitchen. I think it is the most charming room I know. I should like every farmer's wife to come and look at it for a pattern."
"Oh, you're pleased to say so, sir. Pray take a seat," said Mrs. Poyser, relieved a little by this compliment and the captain's evident good-humour, but still glancing anxiously at Mr. Irwine, who, she saw, was looking at Dinah and advancing towards her.
"Poyser is not at home, is he?" said Captain Donnithorne, seating himself where he could see along the short passage to the open dairy-door.
"No, sir, he isn't; he's gone to Rosseter to see Mr. West, the factor, about the wool. But there's Father i' the barn, sir, if he'd be of any use."
"No, thank you; I'll just look at the whelps and leave a message about them with your shepherd. I must come another day and see your husband; I want to have a consultation with him about horses. Do you know when he's likely to be at liberty?"
"Why, sir, you can hardly miss him, except it's o' Treddles'on market-day--that's of a Friday, you know. For if he's anywhere on the farm we can send for him in a minute. If we'd got rid o' the Scantlands, we should have no outlying fields; and I should be glad of it, for if ever anything happens, he's sure to be gone to the Scantlands. Things allays happen so contrairy, if they've a chance; and it's an unnat'ral thing to have one bit o' your farm in one county and all the rest in another."
"Ah, the Scantlands would go much better with Choyce's farm, especially as he wants dairyland and you've got plenty. I think yours is the prettiest farm on the estate, though; and do you know, Mrs. Poyser, if I were going to marry and settle, I should be tempted to turn you out, and do up this fine old house, and turn farmer myself."
"Oh, sir," said Mrs. Poyser, rather alarmed, "you wouldn't like it at all. As for farming, it's putting money into your pocket wi' your right hand and fetching it out wi' your left. As fur as I can see, it's raising victual for other folks and just getting a mouthful for yourself and your children as you go along. Not as you'd be like a poor man as wants to get his bread--you could afford to lose as much money as you liked i' farming--but it's poor fun losing money, I should think, though I understan' it's what the great folks i' London play at more than anything. For my husband heard at market as Lord Dacey's eldest son had lost thousands upo' thousands to the Prince o' Wales, and they said my lady was going to pawn her jewels to pay for him. But you know more about that than I do, sir. But, as for farming, sir, I canna think as you'd like it; and this house--the draughts in it are enough to cut you through, and it's my opinion the floors upstairs are very rotten, and the rats i' the cellar are beyond anything."
"Why, that's a terrible picture, Mrs. Poyser. I think I should be doing you a service to turn you out of such a place. But there's no chance of that. I'm not likely to settle for the next twenty years, till I'm a stout gentleman of forty; and my grandfather would never consent to part with such good tenants as you."
"Well, sir, if he thinks so well o' Mr. Poyser for a tenant I wish you could put in a word for him to allow us some new gates for the Five closes, for my husband's been asking and asking till he's tired, and to think o' what he's done for the farm, and's never had a penny allowed him, be the times bad or good. And as I've said to my husband often and often, I'm sure if the captain had anything to do with it, it wouldn't be so. Not as I wish to speak disrespectful o' them as have got the power i' their hands, but it's more than flesh and blood 'ull bear sometimes, to be toiling and striving, and up early and down late, and hardly sleeping a wink when you lie down for thinking as the cheese may swell, or the cows may slip their calf, or the wheat may grow green again i' the sheaf--and after all, at th' end o' the year, it's like as if you'd been cooking a feast and had got the smell of it for your pains."
Mrs. Poyser, once launched into conversation, always sailed along without any check from her preliminary awe of the gentry. The confidence she felt in her own powers of exposition was a motive force that overcame all resistance.
"I'm afraid I should only do harm instead of good, if I were to speak about the gates, Mrs. Poyser," said the captain, "though I assure you there's no man on the estate I would sooner say a word for than your husband. I know his farm is in better order than any other within ten miles of us; and as for the kitchen," he added, smiling, "I don't believe there's one in the kingdom to beat it. By the by, I've never seen your dairy: I must see your dairy, Mrs. Poyser."
"Indeed, sir, it's not fit for you to go in, for Hetty's in the middle o' making the butter, for the churning was thrown late, and I'm quite ashamed." This Mrs. Poyser said blushing, and believing that the captain was really interested in her milk-pans, and would adjust his opinion of her to the appearance of her dairy.
"Oh, I've no doubt it's in capital order. Take me in," said the captain, himself leading the way, while Mrs. Poyser followed.
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text:
The Secret Beyond Matter
Yeni Asya Newspaper/ March 30th, 2012
Kazim Gulecyuz, the columnist, said, "It is very important for the Islamic countries to approach each other. There is a need for Islamic Union that is based on the Islamic morals within the Qur'an and also being supported by the Christian world. Peace and serenity of the people is based of this kind of solidarity."
Arabnews, November 9th, 2008
Press Conference, March 8th, 2008
Adnan Oktar: I always talk about this. THE ONLY SOLUTION IS TURKISH-ISLAMIC UNION. When Turkish-Islamic Union is established, Europe will attain peace and become rich. America will also attain peace and become rich. Israel will find a level of comfort that hasn't ever been seen in history. Armenia and the Armenian people will be unprecedentedly comfortable. THAT IS BEAUTY, SERENITY AND A UNION OF BROTHERS. ALL THE POLITICAL SYSTEMS THAT EXIST IN THE WORLD NEED TO SUPPORT THAT UNION TO PUT IT INTO PRACTICE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. THERE IS NO TIME TO WASTE.
2013-02-10 16:36:15