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Cadalyst Labs Review: ICEM Surf 4.531 Oct, 2005 By: IDSA ,Mike Hudspeth Cadalyst
Design with Dynamic Surfaces
ICEM SURF 4.5 is a high-end surfacing program used to create the wonderful class A surfaces we've come to expect in stylish products such as vehicles and consumer goods. It's designed to be used in conjunction with high-end solid modeling packages such as Pro/ENGINEER and Unigraphics NX. ICEM Surf 4.5 can be used by anyone who needs surfacing capabilities, from industrial designers to toolmakers (figure 1). It can build fast visualizations to quickly show the impact of what is being designed. ICEM Surf 4.5 has tools to reverse engineer surfaces from point cloud data, so users can opt to build a model and then scan it in. Users can build cross sections that are linked to points that will be used to create controllable surfaces. With dynamic modeling, surfaces update on the fly as they are changed.
Class A Surface Modeler
Global Modeling
With ICEM Surf 4.5's global modeling, users can make changes to the entire model to tweak it into just the shape wanted. Objects stretch to maintain their continuity. It's similar to working with clay, except without the dirty hands. With real-time analysis, such as zebra stripes and reflection maps, users can track how surfaces flow (figure 2). ICEM Surf 4.5 can be set to dynamically tell how much deviation there is between a surface and the point cloud data so it's easier to balance between the original design and what can be produced.
ICEM Surf 4.5 provides tools for real-time rendering and high-quality photorealistic image generation to give users a chance to judge the visual impact of the materials and textures while designing models. How handy is that? The photorealistic rendering isn't as dynamic as the real-time rendering option. An especially complex scene can take a little while to render, though not nearly as long as in the past. The good news is that users can continue to model while waiting for an image to render. ICEM Surf 4.5 renders in the background, completely separate from the modeler. Alternatively, renderings can be run on a network, although I didn't investigate that.
Figure 1. ICEM Surf 4.5 can be used at almost every stage of product development.
Direct Modeling
To build a surface in ICEM Surf 4.5, users work on the surface directly. Construction curves aren't necessary, and everything is done in real time. It's like taking a rubber sheet and stretching it into shape. Users can add curves but instead of controlling the surface, they just show what's going on with it. It's a different way to think.
ICEM Surf 4.5 isn't just about getting a pristine surface. The program is equipped with common engineering functionality such as fillets, trims, offsets, profiles, flanges and the like (figure 3). Users can work with models in much the same way they would with a solid modeler, taking a lot of work out of using a surface modeler. In the old days, users had to create the surfaces to fillet, create the fillet surface, trim each surface to each other and then tweak them for continuity. Now, users just create the surfaces to fillet, select the edges and type in the radius of the fillet. Just like a solid modeler, ICEM Surf 4.5 trims everything and tweaks each surface to the set defaults. There's no more tedious trimming. Speeding up the modeling process increases productivity.
Figure 2. With real-time analysis, ICEM Surf shows surfaces as they change, so it takes fewer iterations to home in on the perfect surface.
The Interface
When given the ability to design anything, fine control is needed. This translates into more controls to handle smaller and smaller levels of detail. More controls means more functions, which makes the interface a major issue. ICEM Surf 4.5 doesn't have a difficult interface, but it's not a program that can be mastered in a day (figure 4). The interface is proprietary and doesn't adhere to standards for any given operating system.
Figure 3. ICEM Surf 4.5 offers engineering functionality such as fillets.
Hardware Needs
Hardware requirements are fairly low. According to the company, users need an Intel Pentium II 350MHz or higher running Windows 2000 Professional. ICEM Surf also runs on other operating systems such as UNIX and Linux. See ICEM's Web site for the complete list. Most computers today have a good deal more horsepower than this minimum requirement. To run the program properly, users also need a graphics card with at least 128MB memory. It'll run with less, but not quickly. ICEM also recommends setting screen resolution at a minimum of 1280X1024. Considering the photorealistic output of ICEM Surf 4.5, that's a given.
Figure 4. ICEM Surf's interface does not follow a particular operating system's setup and packs in a great deal of functionality, so it may take some getting used to.
Popular Modeler
I can see why ICEM Surf 4.5 is popular in the automotive industry. ICEM Surf 4.5 is a series of integrated modules that pass data directly between each other without any hassle. Few surface modelers on the market can do everything it can, as well as it can. It's not as simple to use as other modelers, but it's not that difficult. Users will need some extra time to get used to it. It isn't cheap, but high-end software isn't. Various discounts and bundles make it difficult to estimate the price, but the least expensive module I found was $2,300. In this case, you get what you pay for—the ability to model just about anything you can imagine.
Mike Hudspeth, IDSA, is an industrial designer, artist and author based in St. Louis, Missouri.
About the Author: IDSA
About the Author: Mike Hudspeth
For Mold Designers! Cadalyst has an area of our site focused on technologies and resources specific to the mold design professional. Sponsored by Siemens NX. Visit the Equipped Mold Designer here!
For Architects! Cadalyst has an area of our site focused on technologies and resources specific to the building design professional. Sponsored by HP. Visit the Equipped Architect here!


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February 25, 2009
Google Shared Stuff to Be Discontinued
Google Shared Stuff was only used to share videos at Google Video and Knol articles, but it was buggy and underdeveloped. Shared Stuff combined different ways to share pages with other people: by email, using social sites like del.icio.us or by adding them to a public page.
As usually, Google's suggestions for replacing the discontinued services are hilarious:
"If you want another way to share videos, you can use the "Share" link below each YouTube video. You can also create a public Google Site if you want to share websites and links with friends."
A more appropriate replacement is Google Reader's sharing bookmarklet, that lets you share content from any web page. There's also AddToAny, which combines multiple sharing options in a crowded page. Many other social sites offer sharing bookmarklets: Facebook, FriendFeed, del.icio.us.
{ Thanks, Jamie. }
20 comments:
- AnonymousFebruary 25, 2009 at 6:54 AM
I wonder what Google is going to do with the S2 Profiles. These have been tied to the sharing service (located at google.com/s2/), but now they feed into Google's social platform in Google Friend Connect. It wouldn't make sense to get rid of the s2 profiles, but perhaps they will relocate them / upgrade them? Anyone have news on this?ReplyDelete
Public profiles are extremely visible: they're linked from the accounts page, the services released in the past year use the profiles (Knol, Help Forums, Latitude, Book Search libraries) and they'll probably be integrated with Gmail's contact manager.ReplyDelete
S2 = social sharing and Shared Stuff was just a small part of Google's social strategy. I suspect that Google Bookmarks will add the functionality from Shared Stuff when it will be relaunched.
- AnonymousFebruary 25, 2009 at 7:15 AM
It's a real shame that the way that Google works sometimes means that useful tools aren't connected/integrated into the rest of Google's architecture. Shared stuff almost does the same as the "Share in Reader" tool... almost!ReplyDelete
Why is that suggestion hilarious?ReplyDelete
"You can also create a public Google Site if you want to share websites and links with friends."ReplyDelete
Why would you create a website when there are many services that let you share web pages? Google could also discontinue Google Bookmarks and then suggest to add your favorite web pages to a Gmail draft.
"Google Shared Stuff was only used to share videos at Google Video and Knol articles..." I am not sure I really understand what you mean by that.ReplyDelete
I used it extensively to email things to myself or others. My favorite way of using it was to use Google Reader to share to the RSS Feed of my Shared Stuff, that way my Shared Stuff rolled through my own Google Reader viewing and I was reminded to look at it again. It was great for that. Then you could share your Shared Stuff yet again on Google Reader, which in turn would roll it into Facebook as a link. It's too bad that it's going away because I really had that down as a great system.
Ugh. Screw Delicious. I am not going to stop hating Yahoo! anytime soon.
I admit, I really was puzzled by both Google's alert box that implies that the tool was somehow only being used to share videos from YouTube and their puzzling suggestion to set up a web page to share things in the future (I mean, really, wtf?).ReplyDelete
The only Google services that referenced/linked to Shared Stuff were Google Video and Knol. I remember that the Shared Stuff button was added to Google Video in 2007 and that's how we found the service in the first place.ReplyDelete
Ah. Got it. I am not really sure how I came across it, but I know it wasn't through either of those things. I was probably digging deep into the labs or something. It's sad that it's going away, though. *sniff* I am now hunting for a decent replacement. ShareThis looks promising... if I can ever get my password reset (I suspect I am waiting for them to literally do it manually).ReplyDelete
I really was puzzled by both Google's alert box that implies that the tool was somehow only being used to share videos from YouTubeReplyDelete
The main use of the tool was to share videos from Google Video and most of the videos indexed by Google Video are from YouTube.ReplyDelete
Just playing devil's advocate here: If that was the only thing it was used for, why was it set up the way it was? i.e. why was there a button for the toolbar with email and other ways of sharing things out? Any why bother with the Shared Stuff aggregate page and the RSS feed? Maybe because I didn't come across Shared Stuff through YouTube I saw it as a separate and independent thing altogether from YouTube even though someone at Google and YouTube probably had written a little something for YouTube videos to share them a while back and that person or someone else said "Hey, you know, I'm going to use my 20% to take this little bit of code and expand it, because you can use it this other way as well." i.e. it was a hack and a great one.ReplyDelete
I admit, the message was VERY puzzling to me as well, Wayne. Because I used it exclusively for something else altogether I am still surprised (and, admittedly, a little suspicious about the claim) that it was primarily used for YouTube and Knol. It never looked like a fully blow Labs project, mind you, but a dinky but very useful hack that worked without any overhead and with great simplicity with an already existing account that I was always authenticated with on my browser. That is one of the many reasons I will miss it, but the biggest reason was that I had a flow with it that worked very well. It's how I got things to multiple places with the fewest clicks. It was beautifully efficient and simple. If you shared with someone, you got a copy of it. You got an RSS feed of everything you shared. You could subscribe to that feed, and then you could share even further from Google Reader (which proceeds to share it in your Facebook profile if you want it to).
I am looking at other tools, but they all just do TOO much. I wanted something simple, I had it, and now it's gone. C'est la vie!
I used the bookmarklet extensively to e-mail stuff to people since it was integrated with my GMail contacts.ReplyDelete
Does anyone here know if the ability to download videos onto ipods and psps from Google Site is possible?ReplyDelete
Schultzer - You can use ShareThis for that as well. It will integrate with you Gmail contacts list too. Although, you're routing through a third party doing that, which I always am a little skeptical about. Still, it's a solution. The Flock web browser has that functionality built in (the ability to mail things easily from the browser page you are viewing), but I don't think it has Gmail Contacts integration.ReplyDelete
Does anyone here know if the ability to download videos onto ipods and psps from Google Site is possible?ReplyDelete
I suppose you talk about Google Video. You can still download videos as MP4, in a format optimized for iPod and PSP.
- AnonymousMarch 4, 2009 at 8:17 PM
If you want another way to share videos, you can use the "Share" link below each YouTube video. You can also use the Google Reader Bookmarklet to share content from any web page.ReplyDelete
It says the above now
They've updated their suggestion now to include Google Reader rather than Google Sites:ReplyDelete
This service will no longer be available after 3/30/2009.
If you want another way to share videos, you can use the "Share" link below each YouTube video. You can also use the Google Reader Bookmarklet to share content from any web page.
I received an email from Google.
"hi -
i enjoy your blog and i read your post about google shared stuff to be discontinued:
you made an excellent suggestion about how users could use the google reader bookmarklet as a replacement for shared stuff.
we changed the message at the top of this page to include a link to the reader bookmarklet.
thanks for the idea!"
Sad to see it go.... Ignore the date.ReplyDelete


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The general problem is that the Clearlooks design simply isn't suitable for use with HTML. The immediate problem is that it wants to render the borders of buttons, textboxes and other widgets with a gradient based on the colors of their containing window (from the window's inset_dark to inset_light). This is no good for HTML because in HTML the widget could be (and often is) drawn over any color background, or an image, or any combination of anything, so one can't just "set the right colors" and be sure to get good results. This is not a technical problem, it is a problem with the design of Clearlooks ... it wouldn't look good even if you had a pure GTK+ application using Clearlooks widgets over complex backgrounds.
I'm not sure where to go from here. I think we need theme designers to think about what they want for themes in HTML content, and then we can figure out the best way to implement it. Certainly, Web uses will have to be taken into account during theme design. I plan to talk about this with Novell's theme artists when I get a chance.


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LOS ANGELES — There were more than a few sniffles from the audience at the premiere of "Avengers: Endgame" Monday night in Los Angeles, which Chris Evans and Chris Hemsworth proudly admitted contributing to.
"I don't know about you, but I cried like six times," Evans said standing alongside dozens of his Marvel Cinematic Universe co-stars like Scarlett Johansson, Brie Larson and Robert Downey Jr. after the first public screening of the film.
Hemsworth chimed in too: "I cried more than six times, Chris."
It was an emotional affair for many as "Avengers: Endgame," which opens nationwide Thursday, closes the book on the first 11 years and 22 films of the MCU, and ends the year-long cliffhanger of "Avengers: Infinity War," in which half of humanity turned to dust. And, as Hemsworth reminded on the purple carpet, "this grouping may never happen again."
Marvel and Walt Disney Co. held the premiere in a fittingly massive setting, taking over the Los Angeles Convention Center and constructing a 2,000-seat movie theater, including a large format screen and Dolby sound, inside.
Disney Chairman and CEO Bob Iger kicked off the evening with a special thanks to two people — Downey, "the person who really helped to start it all," and Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige, who he called, "our own superhero."
The event was a who's who of Marvel and Hollywood, with actors and directors from MCU films past and present turning out to see the film, including the likes of Natalie Portman, Gwyneth Paltrow, Bradley Cooper, Jon Favreau and even Matt Damon, who some may remember had a cameo in "Thor: Ragnarok." Luke Hemsworth, Liam Hemsworth and Miley Cyrus also came out to see the film and support their family.
Although official reviews won't be out until Tuesday afternoon, initial reactions from press and insiders at the premiere were largely positive with the words "epic" and "emotional" being tossed out by many. Letitia Wright, who plays Shuri in "Black Panther," tweeted "Wow, I feel like crying...it was amazing!!"
The New York Times' Dave Itzkoff wrote that he was, "Not prepared for the range of emotions that #Endgame put me through, from utter despair to pure elation."
Entertainment Weekly's Anthony Breznican added: "Epic is the word. Epic multiplied by a decade of emotion, excitement and investment. This is the payoff. It left me with a full heart."
And People Magazine's Kara Warner said to "see it as soon as you can and go in as blind as possible."
The film has been kept under wraps until the very last minute in the hopes of allowing general audiences to go into it spoiler free. Even still, some spoiler-y footage leaked on social media last week before being taken down.
"I wasn't pleased," Feige told the AP Monday of the leaking incident. "But the response was what I expected, which was everybody turning it off, dismissing, don't watch it, don't spoil it for anybody else. People are excited to see the movie fresh. People are excited to see the movie for the first time. That's what they've been waiting a year, or 12 years, depending on where you joined us. So, I'm excited that that day is finally here."
AP Entertainment Reporter Ryan Pearson contributed from Los Angeles.
[ MORE COVERAGE: Free movie ticket to Marvel 'Avengers: Endgame' opening Friday ]
[ 'Avengers: Endgame' leaked footage prompts Marvel fans to leave social media ]
[ 'Avengers: Endgame' stars won't tell Jimmy Kimmel any film spoilers ]


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text: Marrow last edited by SlamAdams on 03/27/21 08:25PM View full history OriginAs a child.Sarah's real name is unknown, as well as her place of birth or who her parents really were. From a young age she manifested bones which grew out of her face. This obvious mutation led her to be taken in by the Morlocks - mutants that felt themselves too hideous to live above ground - cursing herself to a life underground. She may even have been among the first group of Morlocks.As an adult she often fought the X-Men, partly because she felt that their fight for peaceful co-existence with humans was foolish and also for revenge because of their inability to save the Morlocks during the Mutant Massacre. Some say she was jealous of their beauty and ability to be normal as well.Sarah was a little mutant with the mutant power to see kindness in every person. She was a very close friend to Callisto, who saw her as a daughter.CreationMarrow first appeared as a child in Cable Vol.1 issue 15 (1994) and later as an adult in Uncanny X-Men issue 325 (1995). As a child she was created by Jeph Loeb and David Brewer. As an adult, she was created by Scott Lobdell and Joe Madureira.Major Story ArcsThe MorlocksStorm versus Callisto.Since her mutation manifested early, Marrow was taken in by the Morlocks before she reached puberty. There she was befriended by many of its most notable members, including Thornn, Feral, Healer, Annalee, and Tommy among others. The founder of the Morlocks, Dark Beast - also known as "the first," also played a part in her upbringing. Sometime in her past she was subjected to the experiments of Dark Beast, as all Morlocks were, as he continued his genetic work from his time in the Age of Apocalypse. For the most part she lived a happy childhood despite being denied the basic amenities of human life, such as fresh air, clean water, and sunlight.One night however she watched as the Morlock member Callisto kidnapped the X-Men member, Angel. The Morlock had been struck by his beauty and grace, and decided she had to have him. Callisto had planned to wed this mutant, dressing him up in bondage gear and nailing his wings to a cross, but their union was not meant to be. Marrow witnessed the rescue of Angel by the X-Men who were lead by the mutant weather witch, Storm. This was another mutant who made an indelible mark on her.Callisto was the dark lady, while Storm was the light. For a young Marrow ,the fight was more about conflicting ideals and beauty versus ugliness than a simple rescue attempt. When Storm emerged victorious, a young Sarah had great hopes that "the bright lady" would lead the Morlocks out of the tunnels and into the light. Alas, this was not to be as Storm and the X-Men returned to the surface while the Morlocks remained in the sewers. In time, she lost hope and began to resent the 'goddess' who had abandoned her people.Mutant MassacreGambit with a young Marrow in hand.The day of the massacre was like any other, the Morlocks were happy despite their hard lives and the many children there enjoyed playing with each other; then suddenly death descended up them like a plague. The Marauders were death made flesh and they slaughtered all who they saw, whether you fought back or not. Gambit was responsible for taking the Marauders to the tunnels, but when he saw what he had done he tried to stop them, but it was useless. It was during the massacre that she would once again see the beautiful Angel. He had been crucified by the Marauders and yet still clung to life. It was here that he transcended the mortal plane for her and became a "Christ-like" figure. Many of the children and people she had laughed and played with now lay dead at her feet. She remembers in particular the cruelty and extreme glee that the mutant Sabretooth took in killing them off. Gambit was wounded by Sabretooth and was walking in the tunnels when he saw a mutant woman and her daughter, Marrow. The mutant woman was trapped under tons of rocks and begged him to take her daughter Sarah out of the tunnels. The mutant thief saved her and quickly ran with her in hand away from the massacre, ensuring her survival. He left her in the care of surface policemen.AftermathLater on Marrow returned to the sewers along with fellow survivors, chief among them Thornn. She briefly met with Cable and Domino during a ceremony of light and proved the only one bold enough to speak with them. Later on the surviving children and some new arrivals settled into life in the tunnels again.Flood and Life on the HillMarrow: the greatest warrior of the Hill.One day as she was walking through the tunnels when a great flood swept through the tunnels, cutting Marrow off from her friends and almost drowning her. Miraculously, she and the other young Morlocks washed up in a world of sunlight and there they met their new master, the mad mutant Mikhail Rasputin. It was here that Marrow grew close to the "dark lady," - Callisto - who had never abandoned her people. Together they fulfilled a longing for each other than neither of them had ever realized they desired: Sarah got a mother figure and Callisto a daughter. Callisto trained the young girl and protected her until she reached the age of puberty and her powers fully manifested. Here she was torn from Callisto's arms and cast out of the protection of Mikhail's citadel. She would now have to prove herself worthy of living there by fighting the other inhabitants of the twisted world they grew to call "The Hill."Those who had been her friends as children now sought to kill her on sight. She returned the favor and killed as many as she could. In time she grew bitter at the humans who had denied the Morlocks a peaceful life in the "upworld" and hated the X-Men for their feeble attempts at coexistence and their paltry attempts at helping her people.The traumas she survived while on the Hill cauterized many of her memories and left her in a feral state with only her hate and contempt to drive her forward. In time she became revered by her people as the greatest hunter of their tribe and the most ruthless killer. She ascended the Hill and joined Mikhail's personal guard. In time however she and the more rebellious of her clan found a way to return to Earth and came under the tutelage of "the first" - Dark Beast. He fed them information they needed and allowed them to inflict all the suffering they wanted on the surface world. They were christened Gene Nation and on the eve of the Mutant Massacre they planned revenge.Gene NationMarrow with a detonator attached to her heart.The first thing they did was kill a disco full of humans and signed in blood the words " Gene Nation." Leading her team, Marrow tested the many X-Men related teams to see if they would pose a threat to their planned revenge, but more so they also planned to kill the failed Morlock leader, Storm, in their celebration. They clashed with Generation X around this time also and managed to survive a mind fry by Emma Frost. She also sent her her team to clash with the X-Men to gather information.Next they abducted a train full of people and she outfitted them with bombs. Figuring that the X-Men would be too weak to kill her she attached the detonator to her heart. The X-Men arrived and she fought with Storm. Everything was going as planned until Storm ripped out her heart in the heat of battle, ending her life, or so everyone thought.Road to RedemptionMarrow & Spider-Man.Marrow did not die, but instead survived as a result of her unique physiology. She next appears before Callisto and the two join forces while rekindling the relationship they had before. The two commonly fought alongside one another and Callisto acted as a mother figure who tried to ease Marrow's often violent nature. They clashed with Storm and Cable some time later and she was now visibly more in control of her mutation. Later still she and Callisto tried to kill Gyrich for his support of Operation Zero Tolerance only to be stopped by Spider-Man. He would prove a driving force in her life as his words of "great power and great responsibility" hit home with her as well as his defense of her despite him being human. In the end she and Spider-Man were saved by Callisto who threw herself in between them and certain death at the hands of a Prime Sentinel. With her mentor severely injured she returned to the sewers.Zero ToleranceBad blood between Marrow & Cecilia.Following the attack, Callisto instructed Marrow to seek the X-Men and aid them in their plight. At first Marrow was reluctant but Callisto pleaded with her and in the end gets a vow from her that she will not kill anyone and she will aid the X-Men. She learns of the team's capture at the hands of Bastion but manages to locate Iceman and his new ward Cecilia Reyes. She remains unseen by them and eventually saves them from an ambush at a police station they were remanded to by cutting the power to the station. Despite her bad blood with the X-Men, she offered to be Iceman's backup. She kept her vow not to kill, simply knocking a few police officers unconscious and even simply frightening the criminals locked within the police station.They eventually escape the ambush and as a trio walk straight into an even bigger one. This time they are saved by Sabra and she gives them information that will lead them to Bastion's only weak point. She accompanies Cecilia, Iceman and Sabra on this journey where she verbally spars with both women. She also saves them yet again from a Prime Sentinel that none of them realized had been tracking them from underwater. Once they reach Bastion's stronghold they attack him head-on, although Marrow is prevented from exacting any revenge by Iceman. Soon enough, S.H.I.E.L.D. arrives and Bastion is taken into custody. Realizing the need for new allies and her invaluable merit throughout the mission, Iceman offers her a place with the X-Men at the Institute. Keeping her word to Callisto, she accepts.Joining the X-MenMarrow as part of the X-Men.Marrow joined the now crumbling team, causing tensions within the team due to a tumultuous past with veteran X-Men Storm. In her first meeting with her fellow X-Men she flirted with Cannonball, threatened both Storm and Cecelia Reyes, yet managed to forcibly remove two bones to save the life of team leader Cyclops despite the protest of Storm. Once things cooled down she took up residence in the school's now empty basement. After blowing a kiss to Cannonball she went to what she knew best, darkness.The next few days found her lack of civility causing even more problems for the team as she ate like an animal and used her threatening appearance to scare others. She confronted Storm in the barn after Cannonball, Cecilia, Jean and Maggott were to make a trip to Westchester County. Storm, knowing how dangerous she was, forbid Marrow from venturing outside the walls of the school. Marrow used the opportunity to show how the X-Men were hypocrites, casting the "ugly ones" in the shadows while the "pretty-pretty" could walk around free. Needless to say this left Storm very angry and Wolverine ready to defend her.Marrow shows wolverine her bad side.Things worsened yet again when Wolverine and Storm were left in charge of the X-Men when Jean Grey and Cyclops left to recuperate. Quickly she found herself confronted by Wolverine at the behest of Storm. Wolverine recognized a kindred spirit within the girl and offered her a chance to be a lady and be civil. She knew though that he wanted a fight and so she gave him one. Marrow held her own against the veteran X-Men for a while, even displaying more control of her bones than ever before. Her healing factor prevented her from being injured too severely. As she lay defeated at Wolverine's feet, he offered her a chance to be trained by him, since he knew she really wanted to be a soldier with simply a "cause" to fight for. He offered her a chance to become more than she was and as he extended his hand to her, in her fright, confusion, and anger she pulled Wolverine down onto a bone shard and rammed it straight through his throat. This left Wolverine in a feral state and she literally had her life flash before her eyes. Luckily for her, Cannonball rushed in and knocked Wolverine out. She quickly escaped back to the sewers but Wolverine's words stayed with her, "Could she be a part of their world? Why would they even want her?" As she returned to Callisto she lied to make her mentor happy, telling her she was making friends. She would occasionally return to the mansion when no one knew and to steal medical supplies and spy on them.First PhaseWhile in the sewers, Marrow tries to heal Callisto by use of belief and a doll made in the likeness of Angel. While her mentor pleads she return to the X-Men, she says they have nothing to teach her except weakness. She then runs into the Abomination, who is trying to kill Angel. She leads Angel down a path to try and save him while remaining unseen, but before he can be caught she steps in and leads the Abomination away from him. Angel saw her courage and confronts Abomination; this action helps Marrow to recover herself and she attacks the monster. Angel tells her that she is beautiful because of her bravery. In the end his words of encouragement causes her to have an epiphany, "Light never dies even in monsters." After talking with Angel and having his reassurance, she bids Callisto goodbye and returns to the X-Men.After her encounter with Abomination, Marrow figured out that some people - including Morlocks - had been disappearing in the Manhattan underground tunnels. Storm discouraged her pleas to go there and wanted her to wait and gather more information. Nevertheless, Marrow went alone to investigate the incidents. In Manhattan she ran into Spider-man again who stopped from attacking some civilians who were yelling at her. They entered the tunnels together and found a bunch of people and mutants - including Calisto - tied up in a chamber of the Morlock Tunnels, Spider-man and Marrow then faced a vampire-like being named Hunger and managed to chase him away.Marrow returns to the X-Men just in the nick of time as the they are in a fight with the N'Garai. She saves Cecelia's life and aids Beast and Cecilia in battle, though they are eventually captured. Once they awake in the N'Garai dimension she finds it amusing that the N'Garai single out Cecilia for vivisection, but she also picks up on budding feelings of concern for the doctor.When it deteriorates into all out battle again, she proves her worth by rallying teammate Maggott and together they perform a fastball special of their own that leads to her severing the enemies' power source. Cecilia finishes the job and with her new-found friends and team she grabs the helpless humans and dives through the portal just before everything is destroyed. Once they're out of the portal, she greets some policemen, telling them they are X-Men and they just saved the world.Marrow's physical examination.She underwent a physical exam by Cecelia Reyes and later was whisked away to Africa by Psylocke where they faced the Shadow King on the astral plane. There he revealed to her what life would be like if she had complete control of her mutation and the beauty that lay underneath it all. All she and her teammates had to do was renounce the X-Men. Despite all the temptation, she and her friends resisted and were saved by Storm and Psylocke. Because of her concern for Cannonball she rushed to his side and saved him from the torment he was to endure. When it was all over she snapped at him for thanking her because she was not accustomed to his politeness of even the feelings he incited within her.Her life shifted again as she overheard him having a phone conversation with his mom about returning home. This coupled with Callisto's return and refusal to take Marrow with her led Marrow to rampage through Westchester as she struggled with the feelings she was having. She never hurt anyone though she did encounter two police officers she had injured during Zero Tolerance. Cannonball beckoned her to look into their fearful eyes and decide if she wanted to be the monster they feared or something else. She chose the latter. Marrow wished Callisto goodbye and even reconciled with Storm somewhat before talking a final ride on Cannonball's back before he left for home.Second PhaseMarrow later accompanied the team as they searched for Xavier. She faced the renegade machine Cerebro and his X-Men all before returning to the mansion and losing her room in the basement as the Danger Room was rebuilt. She continued to display her snide attitude but also displayed comradeship with her teammates. She helped the X-Men battle Pyro as he fled from Cerebro and later also helped battle Cerebro's X-Men and Cerebro himself during the search for Xavier. Here she found a kindred spirit in Gambit who she did not remember from so many years ago.She stayed with the team as they battled Magneto during "Magneto War" despite her and Kitty not getting along. Once she even threw a rat into Kitty's bed, though she later saved her life. It was after the death of Joseph when the X-Men were abducted by the Octid that her life would begin a massive change. In the alien dimension of the Octid, the earthly laws of physics did not apply and the X-Men found their powers manifesting in bizarre ways. Marrow was accidentally mortally wounded by Gambit who took it upon himself to tend to her in this state.TransformationMarrow's new appearance.After saving the Octid and a rampaging Juggernaut, the team was sent to the past on the alien world of the Skrull. Here Gambit's guilt and sense of responsibility caused him to abandon the team and seek help for Marrow. He placed her inside a Skrull healing chamber and when she emerged she was irrevocably altered.She now displayed great control of her powers and with them she saved Gambit and the X-Men. Though they tried, they were unable to stop Galactus from destroying the planet but managed to avoid dying there as well. The X-Men returned to Earth in the past right as the Magneto War occurred, but the ship endured damage and they were knocked unconscious until after the event.With her new look and lack of pain from her powers, Marrow started opening up more and became playful with her teammates. She now looked up to Gambit as a father figure and took on the role of a sort of little sister to Colossus, taking an involvement in his passion with the arts. Even after the X-Men were disbanded she accompanied Colossus on his journeys outside the mansion. Here for the first time she managed to completely retract the bones on her face and managed to pass as human without an image inducer. It wouldn't last however as she lost control and scared some museum patrons. She and Colossus were whisked away by Mikhail to the Hill where she faced down her past and the monster she once was. She saved Colossus from his brother and it was her speech to Mikhail which reached his heart and prompted him to return them home.Apocalypse: The TwelveThey returned to the X-Men with Mikhail and underwent a loyalty test by Xavier after he had discovered that Wolverine had been replaced by a Skrull. Marrow passed and continued to serve alongside her friends. She remained mostly on the sidelines during the events of The Twelve until the finale battle where Apocalypse, now in Cyclops' body, altered reality to gain godhood but ultimately failed.After this Xavier left the X-Men to go with some mutant Skrulls that needed his aid. She remained on Earth until the High Evolutionary shut down mutant powers globally. Marrow dated during this period and even got advice from Storm showing how far she had grown. When the X-Men intercepted the plot of Sinister in this, they attacked and defeated him and his plans. Her powers returned but soon after this the "revolution" happened to the X-books and a concept known as the "six month gap" took place. Marrow disappeared from the X-Men's ranks and was not mentioned by any of her teammates.Spider-Man/Marrow - Six Month GapMarrow & Spider-Man.Marrow disappeared from the X-Men's ranks when writer Chris Claremont returned and it was never explained why she left. In a series called Spider-Man/Marrow, surrounding herself and Peter Parker, we get some answers. Apparently Marrow lost control of her powers again and returned to the sewers for unknown reason where S.H.I.E.L.D. agents and Valerie Cooper drug her and make her a sleeper agent to hunt down rogue Life Model Decoys.In a civilian identity of Sarah Rushman she is a waitress who shares a few flirtations with Spider-Man's civilian identity of Peter Parker. Eventually she reverts to a feral state and Spider-Man tries to save her. She however will have none off it and throws herself off the Brooklyn Bridge. She is recovered by Gene Nation teammate Hemingway.Weapon XMarrow's Weapon X look. Marrow later emerged as a recruit for the new Weapon X program, who had promised they could make Marrow look normal if she would work for them. She agreed and they performed extensive tests and experiments to stabilize her powers. She was "date raped" by teammate Mesmero after a night of partying. Then she was forced to kill her childhood friend and Gene Nation leader D'Gard to prove her loyalty to the program.She would kill many others to maintain her normal look and life, even capturing mutants that unknown to her were sent to Neverland, a mutant concentration camp.She made friends with the unstable Aurora and played civil to Sabretooth, the killer from her childhood. She served the program until uncovering an undercover anti-mutant operation, causing her to betray the team by assisting Cable and a group of underground forces. However Agent Zero tracked them down and killed all of Marrow's followers to humiliate her.M-DayMarrow with other members of X-Cell.Marrow's status following the events of M-Day had been widely disputed, but she was finally confirmed to be de-powered working alongside the de-powered mutant terrorist team X-Cell. Marrow is one of the few de-powered mutants to experience the strange phenomenon of retaining her physical mutation while losing her abilities and allegedly her mutant X-Gene as well.Utilizing steel knives in lieu of her powers, Marrow worked with X-Cell on the promise that Quicksilver could restore their mutant powers via Terrigen Crystals he had stolen from the Inhumans. However, Marrow's long-time ally Callisto intervened, having experienced Quicksilver's near-fatal methods. His method of re-powerment caused former mutants powers to return to an extreme state, spiraling out of control before fading away or somehow killing its users. The rest of X-Cell received the treatment without her and one of them later spontaneously combusted during battle with X-Factor. Meanwhile, Marrow and Callisto overheard Quicksilver admit his involvement in M-Day to the crafty X-Factor member Layla Miller. The two stole a tape recording of his confession and escaped back into the sewers.X-Force Marvel NOWMarrow with X-ForceWhile living amongst the morelocks she was attacked by Evolutionaries slated to hunt down and exterminate all genealogical anomalies on the Earth, but was saved by the unlikely meeting of Sun Girl and Haechi. She would undergo a form of gene therapy headed by the international arms dealer known as Volga in order to regain her powers. The experimentation was a success, but it led to the death of an unborn child she was carrying; an event which lead to the breakdown of her mental stability as a result. She recently joined Cable's new version of X-Force alongside Psylocke, Fantomex & Dr. Nemesis. With her powers restored through the technology of Volga she was pivotal in their various missions heralded towards the pursuit of the enigmatic gun smuggler.Often wrestling with the guilt of having sacrificed her baby to regain what she lost whilst reveling in the violence and mayhem their gig's often entailed. She was reduced to a frothing and manic, almost childlike cognitive state, prone to outbursts psychotic rage from time to time. Albeit still effective while out in the field, eventually the teams mission parameters would conflict with their degrading moral state due to personal issues compromising the original goal of the team.Hunting VolgaA stewing chamberpot of problems and complications which boiled to a fever pitch with one of their own turning on the rest of the team. Fantomex having copied the original Volga system from the ailing Hope Summer's, whom had been masquerading as a new member of the team, in order to fill the blanks of his own broken mindset in order to fulfill his faulty programming he was designed with. Eventually triumphing in the final battle against such an adversary. The team reconciled and found new leadership under Cable's daughter before leaving Nathan on a hospital bed, eventually departing to parts unknown.Secret EmpireNew Tianese Task Force In the wake of the Hydra affiliated Captain America, Marrow was welcomed into the sovereign provincial state of New Tian headed by Xorn who was the puppet ruler of the White Queen; Emma Frost. She would act as an enforcer on a crew of expendables with low profile yet high battle prowess. Often pressing the envelope of the fascist regime headed by Hydra Cap and his high council, all while secretly rounding up and imprisoning other mutants on behalf of the sovereign state and it's ruling power, coming into conflict with the O5 X-Team on Ms. Frosts orders. When the new regime toppled with the return of the original Steve Rogers to the fray. New Tian was eventually shut down, leaving Marrow and many others to find new paths in their lives. Sarah once coming too a mutant self-help group hosted by Nightcrawler, Domino, Beak, Eyeboy and a host of others amongst the Homo Superior community with outlandish physiological appearances after the failed Mothervine initiative spearheaded by Frost.X-Men DissassembledThe brotherhood strikesAfter the return of Magneto from yet another devastated future created by humanities paranoiac hatred of mutantkind. He ended up rechristening a whole new Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, Marrow could be seen standing by the master of magnetism's side amongst a host of similar minded individuals within the new era of fear and hatred against their species. She was last seen with her new crew attacking a mutant hate rally with backing from the rest of Magnus's anti-human sect. After a great majority of mutants were done in during a cataclysmic battle with the mutant Nate Grey. Marrow was holding up with Emma again, who now had directive control over the clandestine gentlemen's group called the The Hellfire Club. Whilst out shopping with the wealthy entrepreneur the two are attacked by the Office of National Emergency. Vanisher a contemporary of the new Black Queen ended up dying at their hands when they shot him with the faulty gene cure for mutants created from Dr. Henry McCoy's notes provided to them by the Black Queen herself. They along with former brotherhood initiate Elixir would scheme and plan with Emma in the long run to overturn the corrupt and decidedly bigoted O*N*E director Robert Callahan coercing them into his services. Enlisting the aide of Mr. Sinister with the help of another of Queen's contacts in the form of Mystique disguised as Captain Rogers, whom had been secretly keeping tabs on what remains of the X-Men for them, until the untimely arrival of Wolverine and Revanche. Powers & AbilitiesMarrow with her boner daggersMarrow's mutant ability granted her a unique physique. Her entire skeletal and muscular structure were enhanced, while bone-constructs protruded from her body. It is possible that she either possessed two hearts or her first heart regenerated after it was removed. Marrow's ability to grow bones in abnormal ways works both defensively and offensively. She can form armor beneath and over her skin that's harder then steel as well as take bones out of her body to use them a weapons. Marrow can fire needle-bullets at rates of hundreds at a time from anywhere on her body like a human machine gun. She has a great healing factor that would constantly regenerate her bone and skin in addition to repairing wounds. Marrow also has superhuman agility and enhanced strength. The removal/detachment of these bones cause her pain. On top of that, she is a good hand-to-hand fighter and has her own unique style that utilizes her spikes as weapons like swords, daggers and clubs.After losing her powers following M-Day, Marrow began using an assortment of regular knives and blades to replace the ones she used to be able to make out of bone. She was skilled enough to be no less of a threat than she had been before she lost her powers. She would later undergo a eugenic enhancement procedure known as the Volga Effect in order to regain her mutantism derived abilities. These powers are said to be costly however as she was merely another experiment used to troubleshoot the hideously unstable SS augmentation like a great many others. Dr. Nemesis once stated that her powers were overloading her central nervous system, eventually causing her to explode in an incendiary fashion in half a years time.When she was a little girl she had empathy powers that allowed her to see kindness in other beings. It is not clear if and/or how she lost those powers.StatisticsCitizenship: AmericanMarital Status: SingleOccupation: Terrorist, former X-Men, covert operative, waitress, adventurer, and scavengerHeight: 5'11"Weight: 155 lbsEyes: GreenHair: Reddish Pink/MagentaUnusual Features: Pinkish skin, and bony protrusions on her forehead and bodyAlternate RealitiesEarth-32098Marrow & Gambit - Earth-32098 When Apocalypse used the power of The Twelve to run the X-Men through a series of alternate Earths, on one such world Marrow had wed Gambit after Rogue had left Earth. They had an unspecified number of children and were expecting three grandchildren. This is the last conjured world Apocalypse created before he lost control.Earth-At war with the ShiarIn another world conjured by Apocalypse using the power of The Twelve, the X-Men and Shiar are at war. In this world the Shiar are led by Deathbird who has usurped the throne by killing Lilandra. Marrow is one of the X-Men who has been severely injured. She is protected by Cecelia Reyes and tended to by Gambit.Earth-Alternate BeginningsMarrow as Toad.This is another world created by Apocalypse using the power of The Twelve. In this world Marrow plays the part of Toad as all the X-Men present are drafted into playing different roles stemming from the first clash of Magneto and the X-Men. In this world Rogue is Mastermind, Sunfire is Quicksilver, Gambit leads the X-Men, Storm takes Angel's place on the team, and Polaris has taken on the role of the Scarlet Witch.Earth-295: Age of ApocalypseMarrow is a member of the Morlocks in the Age of Apocalypse. Here the Morlocks were sewer-dwelling mutants who were all victims that had escaped from Mr.Sinister's labs. She acted as a sort of de facto leader for the group and was quick to attack Magneto and his X-Men when they beckoned them to leave the sewers. She was the first to attack Silver Samurai, who defeated her with one swing of his blade.Earth-1610: Ultimate UniverseEarth-1610In this world Marrow was a fourteen year old mutant with pink hair and her typical powers who lived in downtown Manhattan. She was killed by Sinister off panel and only mentioned later. She was killed as a sacrifice to his "God" Apocalypse.Earth-5692On this Earth that the dimension traveling Exiles visited, Marrow was one of the many mutants captured and enslaved by the Skrulls. Here she was used as one of many gladiators who fought for their entertainment. She engaged in battle with the Exile Nocturne only to be defeated. When Galactus and Terrax show up on Earth however she is able to escape along with her fellow gladiators. She witnessed the Exiles kill Terrax and drive off Galactus. She then joined with others to rebuild the Earth after years of enslavement.Earth-58163: House of MIn this mutant run world, Marrow was a member of the Red Guard and she was tasked with the mission of destroying the terrorist cell known as the Hood's Gang. In particular she was to destroy the faction in Santa Rico. On this mission she accompanied Rogue. They engaged the terrorists in battle and she managed to kill the Sandman but was later killed by The Hood, the gang's leader.Earth-983In this reality the X-Men condemned Gambit to death for his involvement in the Mutant Massacre. Marrow as a member of the Morlocks at the time took it upon herself to kill Gambit even after he was forgiven by the rest of the team.Other MediaMoviesDeadpool (2016)Marrow makes a brief cameo in the Deadpool movie, when Wade Wilson is being moving lying on a stretcher, she is being checked in the facility that also gave Wade Wilson his powers (weapon X). Her trademark bones are seen coming out of her back.TelevisionWolverine and the X-MenMarrow & RoverMarrow first appears in the first season's opening, although she is not introduced until the episode titled "Future X." She is among the mutants that were imprisoned by the Sentinels. She was first doubtful of Professor Xavier's leadership when the Sentinels brought Cerebro to the camp. She did not even believe that Professor X was a telepath nor that he could be their leader to free them from the Sentinels until he surprisingly called her by her name, even though that was their first time meeting. She is later saved from being squashed by a Sentinel by Xavier. With the help of the other future X-Men, they were able to defeat the Sentinels and free themselves. In a later episode, the future Marrow befriends a reprogrammed Sentinel dubbed "Rover". When Rover is destroyed due to Bishop's decision to use him as a decoy against other sentinels, Marrow decides to help the Sentinels against Xavier, since his presence in the future caused the death of her only true friend.Video GamesX-Men LegendsMarrow in X-Men Legends.Marrow is a boss character. She leads both the Morlocks and Gene Nation. She eventually sides with the Brotherhood after she arranges for Healer's capture. She is voiced by Nancy Linari.In X-Men Legends 2, she is mentioned but doesn't appear.Marvel vs. Capcom 2Marrow in Marvel vs. Capcom 2Marrow appears alongside fellow X-Men and Marvel characters who fight against Capcom characters. She has the same powers as in the comic books. She is also the only character who can jump four times in the air in a row. She is voiced by Susan Hart.She did not return for the sequel, Marvel vs. Capcom 3, but a picture of her could be seen on a "Wanted" poster in the Days of Future Past stage.Marvel: War of HeroesMarvel: War of HeroesMarrow appears in several cards in the mobile card game Marvel: War of Heroes. Her cards are:[Morlock Survivor] Marrow X-Men: Battle of the AtomX-Men: Battle of the AtomMarrow is featured in the mobile card game "X-Men: Battle of the Atom" based on the comic book story with the same name. Her cards are:[Future] Marrow[Pen Prisoner] MarrowMerchandiseMarrow was featured in ToyBiz's Generation X toyline. Font-sizeParagraphHeader 4Header 3Header 2 Quote Link Img Table TweetClean sizeSMLpositionLCRUDchangeCreditDeletesizeSMpositionLRUDchangetitle 1title 2captiondelete×Edit Image TitleTitle: CancelUpdate×Embed ImageWhat size image should we insert? (This will not affect the original upload) Small Medium How do you want the image positioned around text? Float Left Float Right CancelInsertGo to LinkUnlinkChange× Link to Comic Vine Content AllWiki Arcs Characters Companies Concepts Issues Locations Movies People Teams Things Volumes Series EpisodesEditorial Videos Articles Reviews FeaturesCommunity Users You can search for any Comic Vine content. CancelCreate Link×Link to a pageAllWiki Arcs Characters Companies Concepts Issues Locations Movies People Teams Things Volumes Series EpisodesEditorial Videos Articles Reviews FeaturesCommunity Users You can search for any Comic Vine content. Disable this feature for this sessionpositionUDchangeDeletepositionUDchangeDeletepositionUDchangeDeleteInsert Row UpInsert Row DownInsert Column LeftInsert Column RightDelete RowDelete ColumnbordersonheaderonpositionUDtablemax-widthdelete×Insert TableRows: Columns: CancelInsertpositionLCRUDchangeDelete×Embed tweetEnter the URL for the tweet you want to embed.CancelInsert


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The Irish Travelling People: A Resource Collection. Editor: Aileen L'Amie. Volume 3: Northern Ireland Part A. 3.72 'Itinerants can be their own worst enemies' A L'Amie. Ulster Polytechnic 1981
Full description:IR/TC/Box3 (15) The Irish Travelling People: A Resource Collection. Editor: Aileen L'Amie. Volume 3: Northern Ireland Part A. 3.73 'Itinerants in East Belfast'. A L'Amie. Ulster Polytechnic 1981 Aileen L'Amie estate
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Rule 17.6. Records
A verbatim record shall be made of all of the proceedings of the committee at each meeting, including all testimony of witnesses, shall be transcribed without delay, and shall be a public record. Written evidence presented shall be made a part of the record. Copies shall be made available, as prepared, to the members of the committee and its staff and to the senator involved in the proceeding and his legal counsel.


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Handwoven Pure Cotton Silk Maheshwari Blue Check Saree
Khinkhwab brings you Maheshwari Sarees. Maheshwari handlooms owe their name to Maharani Ahilyabai Holkar, the ruler of the state of Indore in the late 18th century. Her reign was deemed the Golden Age, and she is revered by all at Maheshwar as Devi Ahilyabai or Ma Saab till date. Maheshwari handlooms derived their fine simplicity from this icon. It is said that under her artistic guidance, the craftspeople made light fabrics, detailed with motifs derived from carvings on the Maheshwar fort- a design directory in stone that they regularly used for inspiration.
Fabric: Pure Cotton Silk
Handwoven in Maheshwar
Blouse- Plain with zari border
Note- There may be slight color variations due to photographic reasons.
This is a hand-woven product and any irregularities in the weaving or pattern should not be taken as a defect. These irregularities make every handloom piece unique.


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While in the custody of the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction, respondent Stewart and one Reese filed a suit in the District Court under 42 U.S.C. 1983 alleging violations of their First and Fourteenth Amendment rights by prison officials. After entering a judgment for the plaintiffs, the court entered an award of attorney's fees pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1988. On appeal defendant argued that, because Reese had died and Stewart had been released, neither plaintiff had been in the State's custody on the day that the District Court had entered its underlying judgment. Nonetheless, the Court of Appeals upheld the fees award, concluding that the claim's mootness when the judgment was issued did not undermine Stewart's status as a prevailing party since he had won a declaratory judgment. It distinguished this Court's holding in Hewitt v. Helms, 482 U.S. 755 - that a plaintiff must receive some relief on the merits of his claim before he can be said to have prevailed within the meaning of 1988 - on the ground that the plaintiff in Hewitt, unlike Stewart, had not won such a judgment.
Stewart was not a prevailing party under the rule set forth in Hewitt v. Helms, supra, and therefore was not entitled to an award of fees pursuant to 1988. Nothing in Hewitt suggested that the entry of a declaratory judgment in a party's favor automatically renders that party prevailing. A declaratory judgment, like any other judgment, constitutes relief only if it affects the behavior of the defendant towards the plaintiff. There was no such result in this case, since the lawsuit was [488 U.S. 1, 2] not brought as a class action, and since Stewart could not benefit from any changes in prison policies caused by his lawsuit.
Certiorari granted; 845 F.2d 327, reversed.
After entry of a judgment for the plaintiffs in a suit by two prisoners under 42 U.S.C. 1983, the District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, ordered the defendants to pay the plaintiffs' attorney's fees pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1988. There is no entitlement to attorney's fees, however, unless the requesting party prevails; and by the time the District Court entered its judgment in the underlying suit one of the plaintiffs had died and the other was no longer in custody. In this posture, the plaintiffs were not prevailing parties under the rule we set forth in Hewitt v. Helms, 482 U.S. 755 (1987), and the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit erred in affirming the award of fees by the District Court.
On January 17, 1978, while in the custody of the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction, Albert Reese and Larry Stewart filed a complaint alleging violations of their First and Fourteenth Amendment rights by officials who refused them permission to subscribe to a magazine. On April 2, 1981, the District Court issued an opinion and an order, later amended in respects no longer pertinent to the case. The court ruled that correctional officials had not applied the proper procedural and substantive standards in denying the inmates their request, and ordered compliance with those standards.
Two months later, the District Court entered an award of fees in favor of the attorneys for Reese and Stewart in the amount of $5,306.25. The Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit affirmed. 703 F.2d 566 (1982). We granted certiorari, vacated the judgment, and remanded the case to the Court of Appeals for further consideration in light of Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424 (1983). Rhodes v. [488 U.S. 1, 3] Stewart, 461 U.S. 952 (1983). On remand from the Court of Appeals, the District Court confirmed its earlier award.
None of the opinions or orders cited thus far made reference to, or showed awareness of, two salient facts: Reese died on February 18, 1979; and Stewart, the sole respondent now before us, was paroled on March 15, 1978, and given a final release from parole on January 17, 1980. In consequence, when the District Court issued its original order on April 2, 1981, neither plaintiff was in the State's custody. For reasons that remain unexplained, petitioners here did not raise this matter until their appeal of the District Court's order after remand.
A divided Court of Appeals upheld the award of fees, concluding that the mootness of the claim when the judgment was issued did not undermine respondent's status as a prevailing party eligible for attorney's fees. Affirmance order, 845 F.2d 327 (1988). In an unpublished opinion, the majority characterized the relief plaintiffs had received as declaratory relief. The panel majority noted our recent holding in Hewitt v. Helms, supra, that a plaintiff must receive some relief on the merits of his claim before he can be said to have prevailed within the meaning of 1988. It observed, however, that the plaintiff in Hewitt, unlike Stewart, had not won a declaratory judgment, and concluded that the declaratory judgment issued in this case justified the granting of attorney's fees.
The Court of Appeals misapprehended our holding in Hewitt. Although the plaintiff in Hewitt had not won a declaratory judgment, nothing in our opinion suggested that the entry of such a judgment in a party's favor automatically renders that party prevailing under 1988. Indeed, we confirmed the contrary proposition:
Certiorari is granted, and the decision of the Court of Appeals is reversed.
I continue to believe that it is unfair to litigants and damaging to the integrity and accuracy of this Court's decisions [488 U.S. 1, 5] to reverse a decision summarily without the benefit of full briefing on the merits of the question decided. Buchanan v. Stanships, Inc., 485 U.S. 265, 269 -270 (1988) (MARSHALL, J., dissenting); Commissioner v. McCoy, 484 U.S. 3, 7 -8 (1987) (MARSHALL, J., dissenting); Montana v. Hall, 481 U.S. 400, 405 -410 (1987) (MARSHALL, J., dissenting).
The Rules of this Court urge litigants filing petitions for certiorari to focus on the exceptional need for this Court's review rather than on the merits of the underlying case. Summary disposition thus flies in the face of legitimate expectations of the parties seeking review by this Court and deprives them of the opportunity to argue the merits of their claim before judgment. Moreover, briefing on the merits leads to greater accuracy in our decisions and helps this Court to reduce as much as is humanly possible the inevitable incidence of error in our opinions. Finally, the practice of summary disposition demonstrates insufficient respect for lower court judges and for our own dissenting colleagues on this Court.
It is my view that when the Court is considering summary disposition of a case, it should, at the very least, so inform the litigants and invite them to submit supplemental briefs on the merits. I remain unconvinced that this slight modification of our practice would unduly burden the Court. The benefits of increasing the fairness and accuracy of our decisionmaking and the value of according greater respect to our colleagues on this and other courts more than outweigh any burden associated with such a modest accommodation.
I dissent.
JUSTICE BLACKMUN, with whom JUSTICE BRENNAN joins, dissenting.
Because courts usually do not award remedies in cases that are moot, the novel legal issues presented here do not require this Court's plenary consideration, at least at this time. I therefore would just deny the petition for certiorari. Inasmuch, however, as the Court has chosen to grant the petition, [488 U.S. 1, 6] I would give the case plenary consideration with full briefing and argument. Because I believe that summary reversal is inappropriate, I dissent.
The Court summarily reverses the Court of Appeals' judgment for being contrary to "our holding in Hewitt [v. Helms, 482 U.S. 755 (1987)]," ante, at 3. That case clearly does not control here. In Hewitt, the plaintiff never obtained a "formal judgment in his favor," 482 U.S., at 761 , and the question there was whether he nonetheless could qualify as a "prevailing party," thereby making him eligible for attorney's fees under 42 U.S.C. 1988. The Court ruled that he could not because nothing about his lawsuit changed the defendants' behavior towards him.
Here, however, respondent did obtain a "formal judgment in his favor," although he no longer was incarcerated at the time. Thus, this case presents the question whether to be a "prevailing party" it is enough to win one's lawsuit. Hewitt did not decide this question, nor could it have, since it did not concern a plaintiff who had obtained "all or some of the relief he sought through a judgment." 482 U.S., at 760 .
The Court quotes a passage from Hewitt and construes it as stating that the entry of a declaratory judgment, without practical consequences, would not suffice for the purposes of 1988. Ante, at 3-4. In context, however, this passage simply bolsters the Court's point about when a nonfinal "statement of law" in a judicial opinion may be deemed the functional "equivalent of declaratory relief" under 1988. 482 U.S., at 761 . Indeed, it would be ironic if this passage purported to resolve a question not before the Court in Hewitt, as it extols the "judicial pronouncement" limited to resolving the particular "case or controversy" at hand rather than rendering an "advisory opinion" on a question not presented by the facts of the immediate dispute. Ibid. Thus, I believe that the Hewitt opinion was not meant to tell us, or the Court of Appeals, how to decide this case. But even if it did, I would not summarily reverse the Court of Appeals on [488 U.S. 1, 7] this basis for the very reason that our own pronouncements lose their controlling authority when they attempt to decide questions not before the Court at the time. 1
Quite apart from the Court's interpretation of Hewitt, I have doubts about its interpretation of the term "prevailing party" in 1988. In ordinary usage, "prevailing" means winning. In the context of litigation, winning means obtaining a final judgment or other redress in one's favor. While the victory in this case may have been an empty one, it was a victory nonetheless. In the natural use of our language, we often speak of victories that are empty, hollow, or Pyrrhic. Thus, there is nothing anomalous about saying that respondent prevailed although he derived no tangible benefit from the judgment entered in his favor. Certainly the language of the statute does not so obviously compel a contrary conclusion as to warrant summary reversal. 2
It is true that respondent here should not have obtained his judgment, since his case had become moot. But the fact that a party should not have "prevailed" ordinarily would not deprive him of attorney's fees. 3 Perhaps an exception should be made when the defect in the judgment goes to the court's jurisdiction, as mootness does, but the resolution of this issue [488 U.S. 1, 8] is not obvious. 4 It surely is not one that should be decided without benefit of briefing and oral argument.
I dissent from the Court's summary disposition of this case.
[ Footnote 2 ] See Ganey v. Edwards, 759 F.2d 337, 340 (CA4 1985) (plaintiff is entitled to attorney's fees simply because judgment was entered in his favor). In addition, other Courts of Appeals have held that a judgment of nominal damages suffices for 1988. E. g., Skoda v. Fontani, 646 F.2d 1193 (CA7 1981); Perez v. University of Puerto Rico, 600 F.2d 1 (CA1 1979).
[ Footnote 3 ] For example, if a defendant failed to raise a statute of limitations defense and the court entered a judgment for the plaintiff, and that judgment became final, I assume that the defendant later could not object to an award of attorney's fees on the ground that the plaintiff should not have prevailed because his claim was barred by the statute of limitations.
[ Footnote 4 ] Cf. Garrity v. Sununu, 752 F.2d 727, 736, n. 8, 738 (CA1 1984) (an Eleventh Amendment issue not previously raised may not be used "to collaterally attack the court's judgment solely for the purpose of avoiding payment of the fees award") (footnote omitted). [488 U.S. 1, 9]
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Taking Sides in Syria War Is Tough Choice for Israel
The dilemma Israel faces in trying to formulate a strategy on Syria two years into its civil war is symbolised by a case being heard in a small courtroom near Tel Aviv.
The state is prosecuting an Arab Israeli who briefly joined the rebel forces fighting to topple President Bashar al-Assad.
Arrested after his return to Israel, Hikmat Massarwa, a 29-year-old baker, is accused of unlawful military training, having contacts with foreign agents and traveling to a hostile state.
The trial hinges on the unanswered question of who, if anyone, Israel favours in the war and if the rebels will turn out to be friends or enemies.
The prosecutor in Lod is trying to depict Massarwa as having aligned himself with foes of Israel, but Judge Avraham Yaakov is struggling for clarity. "There's no legal guidance regarding the rebel groups fighting in Syria," he told a recent hearing.
Matters were simpler during the decades of unchallenged Assad family rule.
Technically Israeli is at war with its northern neighbour. It captured the Golan Heights in the 1967 Middle East War, built settlements and annexed the land. But belligerence was rare and the borderland has remained largely quiet for decades.
Assad's Syria is part of the so-called Axis of Resistance along with Iran and Lebanon's Hezbollah, both arch enemies of the Jewish state. But Syria itself avoided open conflict.
Israel was slow to welcome the uprising against Assad when it broke out in March 2011. Though some leaders now call for his overthrow, planners fret about what might follow.
"The question for us is no longer whether it is good or not if Assad stays in power, but how do we control our interests in this divided, murky situation which could last for decades," said Ofer Shelah of the Yesh Atid party, which is part of the government coalition.
The dilemma has grown more acute since Islamist fighters linked to al-Qaeda assumed a prominent role in the rebels' battle plans.
Israelis believe one in 10 of the rebels is a jihadi who might turn his gun on them once Assad is gone. They also worry that Hezbollah guerrillas allied to Assad could get hold of his chemical arsenal and other advanced weaponry.
So Israel has acted with restraint on Syria – shooting at its troops across the occupied Golan Heights only when hit by stray fire and playing down an Israeli airstrike on a suspected Hezbollah-bound convoy in January.
Officials say Israel has also been cool to Western proposals to increase aid to the Syrian rebels to help them match Assad's superior armed forces.
One Israeli official told Reuters that he responds to any suggestions of a foreign military role with the question: "Do you really know on whose behalf you'll be intervening?"
But with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu presiding over a new, right-leaning coalition and the Israeli military stretched by keeping vigil over several fronts – including Islamist-ruled Egypt – the message has been far from uniform.
Netanyahu may have contributed to this by framing Iran and its nuclear programme as Israel's overriding regional concern, bolstering the case for removing Tehran's ally Assad.
When an Israeli intelligence analyst said last week that Assad's forces had used chemical weapons, both the Netanyahu government and its foreign allies were blindsided, according to officials.
Washington confirmed the Israeli assessment, thus posing a problem for U.S. President Barack Obama, who had said use of chemical arms would be a "red line".
Israel's deputy foreign minister urged U.S. action in Syria – a call slapped down by more senior figures.
Israel's ambassador to Washington, Michael Oren, said it was not making any policy recommendations to Obama on Syria.
"We think this issue is very complex," he told Reuters.
Several officials said Israel would be unlikely to attack Syria unilaterally unless it had evidence that chemical weapons had been handed over to Hezbollah.
Lacking enough of the specialised ground troops that would be needed for a search-and-destroy sweep of chemical weapons, Israel would probably have to rely on aerial bombing.
The Netanyhau government might even acquiesce if the rebels acquire the chemical weapons, on the assumption that the insurgents were mainstream Syrians keen to rebuild their country and loath to invite catastrophic war with Israel.
"If the jihadis get the chemical weapons, that's very bad, but there's still the hope that these people lack the hard-core military wherewithal, and required technical support in Syria, that would be required to use them," one Israeli official said.
Indeed, Israeli planners are debating to what extent the radical Sunni Islamists fighting Assad could eventually constitute a direct threat to Israel.
The chief military spokesman, Brigadier-General Yoav Mordechai, sounded the alarm last month by saying the "Global Jihad" – meaning al Qaeda and its affiliates – wielded the most clout on the Syrian-held side of the Golan Heights.
Other Israeli authorities are more optimistic. The Mossad intelligence agency estimates that Syria's entrenched secularism will dilute enmity to Israel, according to one official.
"The Islamists there aren't all Salafists, and the Salafists aren't all al Qaeda, by any means," the official said.
"We may not make peace, but I think we might find some kind of dialogue, if only for the sake of mutual deterrence."
Israel has given no indication that it already has contacts with Syria's opposition. But it has coordinated closely on security with Jordan, a supporter of some rebel factions.
Back in Judge Yaakov's courtroom, the fate of Massarwa, who faces a maximum of 15 years in jail if convicted, rests on whether the state can prove there is danger to Israel from the Free Syrian Army unit he stayed with for a week in March.
Massarwa's lawyer, Helal Jaber, hopes the logic of "my enemy's enemy is my friend" will win clemency for his client, who went to Syria via Turkey in search of a missing brother who had separately joined the rebels.
"The greatest democracies in the world, including the United States, are supporting the opposition to Assad," Jaber said. "So how can Israel fault someone for doing the same?"


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Have you ever wondered what Joe Paterno smells like? Probably not, but if he embodies the essence of Penn State he'd smell like blue cypress and cracked pepper vapor.
The scent of Penn State is now available in a bottle.
The university has an official perfume and cologne that captures the essence of the school's blue and white colors, according to the scent's developer.
Harrisburg-based Masik Collegiate Fragrances developed the scents. The company said the Penn State perfume exudes vanilla, lilac, rose and white patchouli, while the cologne smells of blue cypress and cracked pepper vapor. The 3.4-ounce bottles cost $60.
The products should appeal to Penn State's vast alumni and football fans, Masik president Katie Masich told the Press Enterprise of Bloomsburg.
The unique scents are based on "school colors, campus flowers and trees" and other features. Not Paterno.
Masich first got the idea of starting her own perfume company a year ago. And, while most brands of perfume are based on celebrities and fashion companies, she decided that people feel strongly about their college. Together with her parents and brother, she started Masik.
The Masiches approached perfumers who worked on brands for Calvin Klein and singer Jennifer Lopez. The perfumers developed more than 10 fragrances and asked the Masiches to pick two for PSU.
The family offered samples of their choices to Penn State alumni and received positive responses.
Masik also has perfume and cologne for the University of North Carolina, and plans offer scents for six universities next year.
The firm is licensed to sell the Penn State products, Masik said, and the company plans to donate some proceeds from each bottle to the university's scholarship fund.


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I-40 opens at last
Interstate 40, closed since October due to a massive rockslide, reopened with little fanfare on Sunday evening. For the people who depend on the road for their living, seeing the traffic flow again brought a sense of relief.
"We are thrilled to death," said Mike Sorrells, owner of Sorrell's Marathon and Auto Repair in Jonathan Creek. "You do not know how much that road means to your well-being until it's not there."
The work on I-40 in the Pigeon River Gorge will continue through the summer as crews complete stabilization efforts, but with both eastbound lanes and one westbound lane open, Western North Carolina's main transportation artery is back in business.
The total cost for the repair project, initially slated for completion in February, is estimated to be $12.9 million, and according to the North Carolina Department of Transportation, the federal government will cover nearly 100 percent of the cost.
For business owners like Sorrells, though, there is no way to recover what was lost. They watched with horror as the timetable for the road opening was pushed back due to poor weather conditions.
"It looked like this thing was going to get opened in February, and it was like a blow to the stomach when we learned it wouldn't be until late April," Sorrells said.
Related Items
The economic effects of the I-40 rockslide have been a source of attention ever since the road was closed. In March, the U.S. Small Business Administration announced that it would hand out $1.4 million in loans to businesses affected by the slide, but the money was spread over the region from Asheville to Sevierville, Tenn.
Before the rockslide, about 19,000 vehicles a day traveled on the road, and almost half of them were trucks. Businesses that directly relied on the commercial traffic, like gas stations and hotels have been hardest hit by the closure.
Sorrells said he was forced to lay off weekend staff as his sales of gas and tires plummeted.
"We survived," Sorrells said. "It was very difficult. You really saw the fall-off on the weekends."
Lynn Collins, executive director of the Haywood County Tourism Development Authority, said the road reopened just in time for the summer tourism season.
"We're thrilled obviously," Collins said. "We have a lot of special events, beginning with this weekend, and hopefully we'll have a good attendance with the road being opened."
Still, the authority's numbers have been bleak during the closure. Occupancy tax numbers were down 25 percent in the month of January from 2009 and 7 percent to date for the year. The numbers of walk-in visitors at the Canton Visitor Center were even more stark, only half of what they were a year ago through March.
Collins said the low numbers in January and February were likely the result of the weather, the economy, and the road closure.
Until the road reopened, eastbound travelers were detoured to I-26 on a route that added 53 miles and nearly an hour of driving time. The detour was not enough to stop skiers from visiting Cataloochee Ski Area, which enjoyed a successful winter season this year.
"We had a good season and the folks from Knoxville were able to get to us," said Tammy Brown, Cataloochee's marketing director. "We found that by offering differing routes, folks were able to deal with it."
Brown attributed Cataloochee's success to a great winter of natural snow and ideal conditions for snowmaking. The fact that the ski area did so well showed that the closure of I-40 was not a death sentence for tourism-based businesses on its own.
Traffic was also up in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which experienced a 5 percent increase in visitors over last year, primarily because U.S. 441 through the park offered an alternative route across the mountains.
While the interstate opened officially on Sunday, the work to stabilize the rockslide area will continue through the summer as crews complete the installation of rock bolts and anchor mesh at five separate sites. Both eastbound lanes are open, but one westbound will remain closed for about three miles and westbound truck traffic is restricted.


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Contact Information:
Email: email@example.com
Great Lakes Kitefliers Society
of Western New York
Web Site Updates
02/20/19 Many updates
01/27/19 Update officers
Come out to watch us do our thing or join in. Enjoy the show from your car like a drive-in movie or get out and take a walk along our row of cars. Be sure to introduce yourself and ask any questions that you may have. We can help you fly that new kite or give advice on what kind of kite to buy.
Remember...kites are for grownups too!
The kite has remained a remarkably versatile invention for over 3,000 years. Uses for kites have included: carrying men, fishing, signaling, raising torpedoes to carriages, providing gunnery targets, and aerial photography. At the turn of the century, the kite was an indispensable instrument for meteorologists. Closer to home, a kite flying contest was used to land the first cable across the gorge at Niagara Falls. This enabled the construction of the first suspension bridge over the rapids.
A renaissance in kite flying has spurred rapid growth of kite clubs, festivals, publications, and a renewed interest in the practical uses of kites. Young children to the young at heart senior citizens enjoy kiting on a year round basis. Some of our best events involve ice and winter winds.
Our members share a wide variety of interests. The single line kite fliers enjoy the quiet serenity and beauty of the outdoors and their kites. Two and four-line fliers enjoy the sport, speed and competition of maneuverable kites. There are those that take great pride in making and flying their own handmade kites. There are avid collectors who find a plethora of colors and designs available from kite makers around the world.
Whether you spend a couple dollars for a ready to fly plastic kite, or several hundred for a home-made specialty kite, all of us have one thing in common: the Love of Kite flying. Join us as we all go
"Tako-Kichi" (Japanese for "Kite-Crazy")..
GLKS is always thankful to our host community, the City of North Tonawanda. The City maintains the beautiful Gratwick Park on the shore of the Niagara River. The breeze is smooth and steady most days as it comes across the wide open expanse of the river. Few trees leave the area open with unencumbered wind making this the best area to fly kites in all of Western New York. This is why we have made Gratwick our home field.
The Great Lakes Kitefliers Society would like to thank you for visiting our web site. Please look at the Calendar pages to find a day when you can stop by to join us as we fly kites. And to consider joining. Membership dues are inexpensive and the benefits are many. Check out our Photos to see what we have been up to lately. We welcome you with kites aloft.


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A look at the Grand Opening and inside the newly opened Ghirardelli Chocolate in Hollywood next to Disney's El Capitan Theatre. The location replaces the former Disney's Soda Fountain and Studio Store. Here's the press release for the new location:
Ghirardelli Chocolate Company, America's oldest operating chocolate manufacturer, is pleased to announce the grand opening of its newest soda fountain and chocolate shop on Friday, November 15th, joining The Walt Disney Studios' El Capitan Theatre and Disney Studio Store on Hollywood Boulevard. The shop—the first in Los Angeles—will give moviegoers, visitors and locals a chance to experience Ghirardelli's world-famous hot fudge sundaes, shakes, floats, and delicious assortment ofchocolates and beautifully wrapped gifts. Each guest will also enjoy a complimentary sample of the signature Ghirardelli SQUARES® chocolate. The Ghirardelli Soda Fountain and Chocolate Shop and Disney Studio Store will be located next to the legendary El Capitan Theatre (6838 Hollywood Boulevard), and will be open seven days a week.
"Ghirardelli Chocolate is honored to join Disney on Hollywood Boulevard to bring visitors and moviegoers an unforgettable experience," said Marty Thompson, President and CEO of the Ghirardelli® Chocolate Company. "We have been bringing quality chocolate to the public for over 160 years, and this iconic location in the heart of Hollywood is the perfect place to continue the tradition."
To celebrate the opening, Ghirardelli Chocolate and Disney will feature a specially created sundae treat for the opening of Walt Disney Animation Studios' new animated movie "Frozen" this November. In future months, Ghirardelli Chocolate will create original ice cream sundaes for select film releases, providing El Capitan moviegoers with a unique Ghirardelli experience. The new soda fountain and chocolate shop joins the existing Disney Studio Store which offers an assortment of classic Disney character souvenirs, merchandise from current film releases playing at El Capitan Theatre, highly sought after collectible pins, and a large selection of Blu-Ray and DVD home entertainment.
"The El Capitan Theatre has always been about giving guests the ultimate entertainment experience. And now, with Ghirardelli, anextraordinary experience becomes even more unforgettable," said Lylle Breier, senior vice president, Worldwide Special Events for Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. "Families and movie lovers from all over can come to the El Capitan, see a great Disney movie, and enjoy a memorable, delicious after-movie treat. We're thrilled to welcome Ghirardelli Chocolate to Hollywood. Ghirardelli chocolate and a Disney movie at the El Cap: How sweet it is!"
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TRAVERSE CITY, Mich. (AP) ? Ford Motor Co. says it is recalling 1.1 million pickup trucks because the gas tanks can fall off and cause a fire.
The company is recalling certain Ford F-150, F-250 and Lincoln Blackwood pickups. The recall affects certain models from the 1997 model year through the 2004 model year. They were sold in cold-weather states where salt is used to clear roads. That salt can corrode straps holding the tanks in place.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said Monday on its website that the straps holding up the tanks can rust, causing them to fall to the ground. The tanks can rupture and cause a fire.
Ford reported eight incidents of the tanks falling, resulting in three injuries.
Ford's F-Series pickup traditionally is the top-selling vehicle in the U.S.