text:
Our Verdict
For a security mechanism that has existed since mankind traded places with apes to raise to the top of the food chain, passwords have shown a surprising longevity. Passwords act as gatekeepers to our email, banking, social media accounts, and just about anything else that we do, regardless of whether we are online or not.
Unfortunately, humans are not very good at either creating or remembering passwords. Left to our own devices, we tend to pick passwords that are easy for us to remember, which is good, but also easy for others to guess, which isn't good. For this reason, Web developers try to gently coerce us into adopting more secure password generation habits by enforcing an ever-increasing set of rules on their sites: Your password must be at least eight characters long, contain one or more uppercase characters, a symbol, a smiley, and be typed standing on your left foot under a full moon while sacrificing a chicken…
Alas, all these restrictions make passwords difficult to remember, and our predictably poor response is to come up with one "good" password, which we keep reusing over and over again. The problem with this approach is that anyone who knows or learns this password can also gain access to all our other accounts—and if you use the same password to post photos on a social network and do your banking, it's easy to see where trouble might arise.
This is a very serious problem; according to a survey conducted by security firm CSID, 61 percent of Americans—nearly two out of every three people—admit to using the same password on different sites. And, to make things worse, many write that one password down and stash it in a wallet, or store it in a plain-text file on the computer, where it is up for grabs for anyone bold enough to make a move.
The immovable portable vault
As a researcher once said, the ideal password is one that is hard to guess, impossible to write down, and can only be used in one place. This combination of requirements is very hard for a human to achieve, but AgileBits's 1Password 4 makes it an absolute breeze.
1Password 4 is the latest entry in the company's long-running family of password management software. As a Universal app, it runs on your iPhone, iPod touch, or iPad, and requires iOS 6 or higher; it works by creating a virtual "vault" in which you can save many different kinds of sensitive information—passwords, of course, but also credit card and bank account numbers, passport data, software keys, and so forth.
Despite being branded as a "password management tool," therefore, 1Password is capable of keeping of every last bit of information that you don't want others to see—which is absolutely crucial when you realize that, with an iPhone in your pocket or an iPad in your bag, you basically carry your entire digital life around with you in a small package that is as convenient for you to use as it is for someone else to steal.
Flexibility and power
According to Agile Bits's press material, 1Password 4 is a complete rewrite of its predecessor, a fact that is readily visible to anyone who has ever used previous versions of the software. Everything in the app has been re-engineered with the goal of making it easier to organize and use your information.
This shows prominently in the user interface, which is both gorgeous and extremely user-friendly. The app is organized in a logical way, and the transitions between the various screens are done so well that you'll find yourself playing with them just for the visual pleasure that they bring.
Once inside the app, new items can be added directly from the Categories tab, where 1Password automatically splits the data you enter into individual groups. For example, there are pre-defined categories for logins, credit cards, software licenses, databases, passports, and so on. Adding and editing items is easy: 1Password uses an interface that is very similar to that of the Contacts app, making the process familiar for any iOS user.
In addition to the default categories, the app also allows you to group your secure items in arbitrary folders, which can be useful, for example, to separate work data from personal information. Folders come in particularly handy when you consider that 1Password can be used to store more than just passwords—for example, I keep confidential information about my clients in it, knowing that it will be safe from prying eyes if my iPhone or iPad should ever be stolen. Often-used items, like credit card numbers, banking logins, and the likes, can also be added to 1Password's Favourites screen, which helps keeping them within easy reach whenever you need them.
Perhaps my favorite user-interface feature, however, is a built-in browser that allows you to navigate the Web and allows 1Password to automatically fill forms for you using your secure data. This is a major step forward compared to the previous version—which required you to painstakingly copy and paste your data into Safari—and one that dramatically improves 1Password's user experience.
All your data is protected by strong encryption and can only be unlocked by a single password that you choose when you first set up the app; this makes it both very easy for you to carry all sorts of important information wherever you go, and very hard for anyone else to access it should your mobile device ever become lost or stolen.
1Password also employs a number of measures to keep your data safe. For example, even as you browse through your saved items, all sensitive information is discretely blanked out to prevent someone from shoulder-surfing their way into your secrets. You can, of course, easily reveal a particular piece of data by tapping on it, and just as easily copy it to the pasteboard, but the rest remains safely hidden until needed.
You can also set the app to automatically lock your data vault as soon as you leave 1Password, as well as after a certain amount of idle time, so that, should your device end up in ill-intentioned hands without your permission, they won't be able to access all your passwords just because you forgot to exit the app. Finally, 1Password also offers to automatically clear out your pasteboard after a set period of time, so that other apps don't have a chance to read your private data without you knowing.
And, if you find the default settings a little too paranoid for your taste, you'll be happy to know that you can easily change them to suit your needs.
One of 1Password's strong suits has always been the ability to synchronize your data across multiple devices, and its latest release does not disappoint, with support for both manual sync through iTunes, as well as automatic sync through either Dropbox or iCloud.
There is little to be said here, other than the sync feature really just works. In my tests, both with a completely new data file and with my existing vault, the process worked flawlessly on the first try, and changes propagated from one device to all my others in record time.
One thing that has been removed from this version is the ability to sync locally over Wi-Fi. This seems to have disappointed a number of users, and is the source of much angst in App Store reviews of the software, but I think it was the right move. Wi-Fi sync was a little too finicky, easily broken, and inherently less redundant than cloud-based solutions. For my part, I am happy to know that, if my house goes up in flames alongside all my electronic devices, my digital vault won't go with it.
Strong password generator
An often-forgotten feature of 1Password is its strong password generator, which can be used to create—and store—passwords made up of pseudorandom characters; these are much harder to crack than anything a human could come up with, and can therefore improve the security of your logins dramatically.
Used properly, this generator turns password management on its head: Instead of storing your passwords, the app can automate the entire authentication process from end to end, making it easy to avoid many common security pitfalls, like reusing passwords or inadvertently coming up with passwords that are too easy to crack.
Bottom line
1Password is, quite simply, an excellent secure data management solution for every user, regardless of their sophistication or the complexity of their needs. Its execution is practically flawless, and a significant improvement over previous releases on all fronts.
Pricing—the app costs $18, although it is on sale for $8 until the end of the year—may seem a little steep at first, particularly considering that existing customers will have to purchase 1Password 4 anew.
This price, however, is perfectly reasonable when you consider two things. The first is that a person who gets hold of your passwords can essentially ruin your entire life, both socially and financially. The second is that 1Password gives you a great backup in case of emergency: If your wallet gets stolen, and you have saved all sorts of details about your various identity cards and financial accounts in 1Password, getting out of a sticky situation will be much easier.


text:
Deep Drawable Steels: Part One
Thermo-Mechanical Treatment (TMT) of Non-Ferrous Alloys: Part One
Material Console provides multiple functionalities to support more efficient, accurate and personalized material selection decisions.
Click here to see more.
Total Materia has allowed us to solve in a definite way all problems we had for the search of alternate materials in foreign countries. Thanks to Total Materia we have issued real "international" specs for purchase of steels in foreign countries.
Total Materia remains the only tool which will be used for this purpose.
Massimo Manfredini
Bonfiglioli Industrial Gearmotors, Bologna, Italy
Our mission is simple;to make Total Materiathe one-stop place andfirst choice of engineersworld wide.
Prof. Dr. Viktor Pocajt, CEOKey to Metals AG
Magnesium can be welded by many of the arc and resistance welding processes, as well as by the oxyfuel gas welding process, and it can be brazed.Magnesium like aluminum is produced with different tempers. These are based on heat treatment and work hardening. The strength of a weld joint is lowered in base metal, in the work-hardened condition, as a result of recrystalization and grain growth in the heat-affected zone. This effect is minimized with gas metal arc welding because of the higher welding speed utilized. This is not a factor in the base metals that are welded in the soft condition.
Magnesium alloys containing small amounts of aluminum, manganese, zinc,
zirconium, etc., have strength equaling that of mild steels. They can be
rolled into plate, shapes, and strip. Magnesium can be cast, forged,
fabricated, and machined.
As a structural metal it is used in aircraft. It is used by the
materials-moving industry for parts of machinery and for hand-power tools
due to its strength to weight ratio. Magnesium can be welded by many of
the arc and resistance welding processes, as well as by the oxyfuel gas
welding process, and it can be brazed.
Magnesium like aluminum is produced with different tempers. These are
based on heat treatment and work hardening. The strength of a weld joint
is lowered in base metal, in the work-hardened condition, as a result of
recrystalization and grain growth in the heat-affected zone. This effect
is minimized with gas metal arc welding because of the higher welding
speed utilized. This is not a factor in the base metals that are welded
in the soft condition.
Magnesium possesses properties that make welding it different than
the welding of steels. Many of these are the same as for
aluminum. These are:
Magnesium is a very active metal and the rate of oxidation increases as
the temperature is increased. The melting point of magnesium is very
close to that of aluminum, but the melting point of the oxide is very
high. In view of this, the oxide coating must be removed.
Magnesium has high thermal heat conductivity and a high coefficient
of thermal expansion. The thermal conductivity is not as high as
aluminum but the coefficient of thermal expansion is very nearly
the same. The absence of color change is not too important with
respect to the arc welding processes.
The welds produced between similar alloys will develop the full strength
of the base metals, however, the strength of the heat-affected zone may
be reduced slightly. In all magnesium alloys the solidification range
increases and the melting point and the thermal expansion decrease as
the alloy content increases.
In the magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloys (AZ31B, AZ61A, AZ63A, AZ80A, AZ81A,
AZ91 and AZ92A), aluminum content up to about 10% aids weldability by
helping to refine the grain structure, while zinc content of more than
1% increases hot shortness, which may cause weld cracking.
The high zinc alloys (ZH62A, ZK51A, ZK60A and ZK61A) are not recommended
for arc welding because they are highly susceptible to cracking and have
poorer weldability. Magnesium, containing small amounts of thorium,
possesses excellent welding qualities and freedom from cracking.
Weldments of these alloys do not require stress relieving.
Certain magnesium alloys are subject to stress corrosion. Weldments subjected to
corrosive attack over a period of time may crack adjacent to welds if
the residual stresses are not removed. For weldments intended for this
type of service stress relieving is required.
The gas tungsten arc welding process and the gas metal arc welding process
are the two recommended processes for joining magnesium. Gas tungsten arc
is recommended for thinner materials and gas metal arc is recommended for
thicker materials, however, there is considerable overlap. The equipment
for applying these processes has been previously described.
Electrode wires or filler metals having composition conforming to
ER AZ61A or ER AZ92A (Mg-Al-Zn) are considered satisfactory for welding
alloys AZ10A, AZ31B, AZ31C, AZCOML, AZ61A, AZ80A, ZE10A and ZK21A to
themselves or to each other. ER AZ61A is usually preferred for welding
aluminum-containing wrought products because of tendency to resist crack
sensitivity. The ER AZ92A filler metal shows less crack sensitivity for
welding the cast magnesium-aluminum-zinc and magnesium-aluminum alloys.
The same electrode wires or filler metals are used for joining any one
of the above alloys to high-temperature alloys HK31A, HM21A, and HM31A.
However, when the high temperature alloys are joined to each other, ER
EZ33A is recommended. Joints of wrought or cast alloys welded with ER
EZ33A filler metal exhibit good mechanical properties at high temperatures.
The choice of electrode wire or filler metal for welding wrought alloys
to cast alloys should be based on the recommendations outlined above,
except that ER AZ101A may be used instead of ER AZ61A or ER AZ92A.
When aluminum-containing cast alloys are joined to aluminum-containing
cast alloys, ER AZ101A or ER AZ92A electrode wire or filler metal is
usually recommended. However, for joining HK31A and HZ32A to themselves
or to each other, ER EZ33A is preferred, for joining HK31A and HZ32A to
any of the other cast alloys, ER AZ101A is used. Filler rod of the same
composition as the base metal should be used for most welds.
High frequency current should be used for starting the direct current and
arc with alternating current high frequency should be used continuously.
Runoff tabs are recommended for welding any except the thinner materials.
Uniform travel speed and weld beads are recommended.
The shielding gas is normally argon. However, a mixture of 75% helium
plus 25% argon is used for thicker materials. For heavy thicknesses
100% helium can be used, more helium is required than argon to do the
same job.
The different types of arc transfer can be obtained when welding magnesium.
This is primarily a matter of current level or current density and voltage
setting. The short-circuiting transfer and the spray transfer should be
used on material 3/16 inch and thicker and the short-circuiting arc used
for thinner metals.
Magnesium can be stud welded, gas welded, and plasma welded. Finely
divided pieces of magnesium such as shavings, fillings, etc, should
not be in the welding area since they will burn. Magnesium castings,
or wrought materials do not create a safety hazard since the possibility
of fire caused by welding on these sections is very remote. The producers
of magnesium provide additional data for welding magnesium.
Date Published:
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Where available, full property information can be viewed for materials including chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical properties and carbon equivalent data as well as advice on welding application.
Using the Advanced Search page, define the search criteria by selecting 'Welding filler materials' in the Group of Materials pop-up list. It maybe that you need to further narrow the search criteria by using the other fields in the Advanced Search page e.g. Country/Standard.
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After clicking a material from the resulting list, a list of subgroups derived from standard specifications appears.
From here it is possible to view specific property data for the selected material and also to view similar and equivalent materials in our powerful cross reference tables.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Vindaloo Vegetables
(a gluten-free recipe)
Recipe adapted by: Susan Voisin
This is a recipe I adapted from Robin Robertson's Fresh from the Vegetarian Slow Cooker. This version is no longer cooked in a crockpot, and I've removed the oil and made some changes in how the ingredients are combined. The first time I made this, my husband pronounced it "one of the best things I've ever tasted"! (Click here for crockpot version.)
3 cloves garlic, peeled
1 tbsp. ginger, peeled and chopped
1 tsp. light brown sugar, or other sweetener (1 small date works well)
1 tsp. ground coriander
1/2 tsp. ground cumin
1/2 tsp. dry mustard
1/2 tsp. cayenne pepper, or to taste
1/2 tsp. turmeric
1 tbsp. white wine vinegar
1 lg. yellow onion, chopped
2 small carrots, thinly sliced
1 sm. green bell pepper, seeded and diced
4 cups small cauliflower florets
2 small zucchini, cut into 1/4-inch-thick slices
1 1/2 cups cooked kidney beans (or one 15.5 ounce canned beans, rinsed and drained)
1 6-ounce can tomato paste
Salt and freshly ground black pepper (salt is optional)
1/2 cup frozen green peas, thawed
In a blender or food processor, combine the garlic, ginger, brown sugar, coriander, cumin, mustard, cayenne, turmeric, vinegar, and 1/2 cup water; process until smooth and set aside.
Heat a large non-stick pot or wok over medium-high heat. Add the onions and carrots and one tablespoon of water, cover, and cook until softened, stirring often and adding more water as necessary to prevent burning–about 5 minutes.
Add the spice paste from the blender and cook, stirring, for 2 minutes. Add the bell pepper, cauliflower, zucchini, and kidney beans. Cover and turn heat to low.
Put the tomato paste and 1 1/4 cup water in the blender and blend thoroughly. Add the tomato paste mixture to the vegetables, season with pepper and salt (if using), cover, and cook until the vegetables are tender, about 25 minutes.
Add the peas and allow to heat through for about 5 minutes. Serve alone or over basmati rice or other grain.
Serves 4-6


text:
|Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Books, Supplies & Services| ▸ |Books by David Sear||View Options: | | |
For orders of three or more books, our shipping charge will be only the actual cost of Priority Mail (often lower than the checkout total). Order with reserve if you want to know the total before confirming the order. If you use a credit card, we will let you know the actual total before we charge your card. If you pay with PayPal, we will refund any overpayment or send a PayPal invoice for any amount due.


text:
From USA Today bestselling author Meghan March comes the final sexy standalone set in the Beneath world of New Orleans.
I used to believe there were lines in life you don't cross.
Don't lie. Don't cheat. Don't steal.
Until I learned people don't always practice what they preach.
I turned in my badge and gun and walked away from everything.
Then I got the call no one wants, and I'm back in New Orleans.
What I don't expect is for her to be here too.
Another line you don't cross?
Don't touch your best friend's little sister.
She's always been off-limits.
Too bad I don't follow the rules anymore.
Amazon | iBooks | BN | Kobo
Wham. My heart slammed against my ribs as it sped up about twenty beats per minute.
The heat and delicious woodsy citrus scent radiating from his body did good things to me. Things that made me want to do very bad things to him. I wasn't a seventeen-year-old virgin anymore. I knew my way around a man, but I had to admit, the hipsters in Cali had nothing on a homegrown Louisiana man like Rhett.
When he spoke, he leaned in so close that I could feel his breath on my ear. "You missed that shot on purpose."
My gaze jumped from the sexy five o'clock shadow shading his jaw to his piercing green eyes.
"Wha-what are you talking about?" I smacked myself mentally when my old stammer kicked in. Of course he would cause it.
"That shot. You missed on purpose. I saw you adjust at the last minute. Why?"
I swallowed the saliva pooling in my mouth and decided to take the safest exit from this situation. Lying.
"Cue slipped."
His eyes narrowed on me. "You're lying and you're terrible at it, just like you've always been." He reached up and pressed his thumb to my left eyebrow. "You get a twitch right here."
Oh my God. Rhett Hennessy is touching me. And what's more . . . he knows my tell. He noticed me!
The fifteen-year-old inside me did a terrible cartwheel at the realization. Okay, more of a round-off. With a tumble in the grass to finish. Whatever.
But outwardly, I was trapped in that green gaze until he decided to let me go—or until I came to my senses.
I cleared my throat and sidestepped him. "Whatever you say, hotshot. I need another drink."
Focusing on putting one four-inch heel in front of the other without biting it, I escaped to the table and reached for the whiskey glass I'd left behind, interrupting my brother and the waitress. They both stared at me as I chugged the contents.
I'd always wondered what it would feel like to have Rhett's attention, and now I knew. In a word, it was . . . unnerving.
"How's the game going?" my brother asked.
"Fine." Keeping my answer short meant he couldn't tell that I was lying. Heath wasn't nearly as observant as Rhett.
"You winning?"
Thanking the Lord that Heath obviously hadn't been watching, I shrugged. "I guess."
He glanced toward Rhett and then back to me. "The sister I know and love doesn't lose at pool. Ever. Even to Rhett Hennessy."
I lowered the glass to the table and straightened my shoulders. "Like they say, things change."
He nodded slowly. "That may be true about most things, Flounder. But you're a pool shark and we both know it."
Before I could respond, Heath's attention jumped back to the waitress. I took another ten seconds to gather myself, also known as drinking offensively in my mind, before I crossed the floor to face off against my former obsession.
"You all right, Red?" Rhett asked.
"Don't call me that. And I've never been better."
His gaze dipped to my feet and dragged up my body. "I can agree with that statement."
Whoa. Who is this guy with the innuendo? A glance at his empty whiskey glass told me he was drinking heavily as well. Was this the booze talking? Or was Rhett Hennessy not just noticing me, but noticing me?
Either way, I had to play it cool. Or at least pretend to play it cool, since it seemed I might fall short.
"Your turn, hotshot. Better not miss, because I'll clear the table next time," I said, but my cocky attitude backfired.
Rhett didn't miss. He sank his balls and then the eight, ending the game almost as quickly as it started. He returned his cue to the rack and turned to face me, all traces of the earlier heat banked, his expression shuttered.
"Game over."
What the hell just happened?
My review can be found here: https://beneaththecoversblog.com/2017/08/07/review-beneath-the-truth-by-meghan-march/
Meghan March has been known to wear camo face paint and tromp around in woods wearing mud-covered boots, all while sporting a perfect manicure. She's also impulsive, easily entertained, and absolutely unapologetic about the fact that she loves to read and write smut. Her past lives include slinging auto parts, selling lingerie, making custom jewelry, and practicing corporate law. Writing books about dirty talking alpha males and the strong, sassy women who bring them to their knees is by far the most fabulous job she's ever had. She loves hearing from her readers at email@example.com.


text:
Jeremy Rifkin, founder and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends, is one of the world's leading authorities on economic sustainability. His most recent books include Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, The Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism; The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power is Transforming Energy, the Economy and the World; and The Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis.
The Foundation on Economic Trends, located in Bethesda, Maryland, examines the economic, environmental, social, and cultural impacts of new technologies introduced into the global economy. He is also the founder and chairperson of the Third Industrial Revolution Global CEO Business Roundtable. Through his work at the Foundation on Economic Trends, the Business Roundtable, and his writings, Rifkin has helped shape public policy in the United States and around the world, including the European Union, where he served as an advisor to several European Council Presidents.
Since 1994, Rifkin has been a senior lecturer at the Wharton School's Executive Education Program at the University of Pennsylvania, where he instructs CEOs and senior management on transitioning their business operations into sustainable economies.
Rifkin's monthly column on global issues appears in 25 countries in world's leading newspapers and magazines. He has been a frequent guest on numerous television programs, including Face the Nation, The Lehrer News Hour, 20/20, Larry King Live, Today, and Good Morning America. The National Journal named Rifkin as one of 150 people in the United States who have the most influence in shaping federal government policy. He was a featured speaker on TED talks in 2010 on the subject his book, The Empathic Civilization.
Jeremy Rifkin's books have been translated into more than 35 languages and are used in hundreds of universities, corporations, and government agencies around the world. His other books include The Hydrogen Economy, The European Dream, The End of Work, The Age of Access, and The Biotech Century.


text:
Texas Stream Team calls for paddlers to help conduct citizen science
Posted by Jayme Blaschke
University News Service
February 11, 2014
The Meadows Center for Water & the Environment at Texas State University is inviting kayakers and canoeists to join the Texas Stream Team, a citizen science program that has been monitoring the quality of Texas waterways since 1991.
A newly launched "Texas Stream Team Paddlers" project is expanding opportunities for students, educators, outdoor enthusiasts and all manner of paddlers to work on one of the most important issues of the times: Water.
"No natural resource has greater significance for the future of Texas than water," said Andrew Sansom, executive director of The Meadows Center for Water & the Environment.
The citizen scientists who complete the Texas Stream Team Paddlers training will learn to be stewards of Texas water resources. Their observations and data will support conservation efforts and academic research and will contribute to a de facto early warning system to alert water management organizations of spills or other threats.
Texas Stream Team Paddlers will collect data from new or hard-to-reach locales. And, in doing so, they will join a team of nearly 8,000 citizen scientists who, since 1991, have volunteered some 45,000 hours of their time--service valued at more than a $1 million--to protect the future of Texas.
Texas Stream Team is part of The Meadows Center for Water & the Environment. The Meadows Center for Water & the Environment was so named following a $1 million gift from The Meadows Foundation in August 2012. The work of the Texas Stream Team is carried out in cooperation with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
To learn how to get involved, contact Travis Tidwell at (512) 245-9148 or via email at email@example.com.


text:
Dan Verbeck
Dan has covered Kansas City area news since 1974. He began a career in journalism more than 40 years ago in Chicago's suburbs. The switch from newspaper to radio came during two years in the U. S. Army, and by 1968 he was firmly convinced that radio was his medium. He has covered breaking news, blizzards, tornadoes & floods. The Federal District Court was his daily beat for years. He was one of the few radio reporters able to continue broadcasting during Hurricane Katrina and it's immediate aftermath. He concedes KCUR is one of his passions. Dan has been honored by the Missouri Broadcasters' Association, The Associated Press and United Press International. He is inducted into the hall of fame of the Kansas City Media Professionals. When not covering news, Dan is partial to reading American history and tinkering with an old tractor. His wife Sylvia is his best critic. They have two daughters and a son.
Missouri Democrats will be picking a new state party chair when they meet in late August. Current Chairman Mike Sanders is stepping down from the post.


text:
Oops, we almost forgot to post our daily link to Dave McKenna's brilliant "Cranky Redskins Fan's Guide to Dan Snyder," which we'll be linking to until Dan Snyder's dumbass libel suit takes a Ceti Eel in the ear.
Please recall that we've moved our daily link to McKenna's story to our morning news post. Alas, we neglected to put the daily link in there this morning. Which is amusing, considering that today we learned that Dan Snyder subpoenaed Dan Steinberg of The Washington Post last week for information about why Steinberg linked to McKenna's story. As if there were something wrong with what Steinberg did. (For those of you counting, this is "We Are All Dave McKenna CXVI," our daily link to McKenna's story.)
The City Paper has posted a copy of Snyder's overly broad subpoena, if you care to read it. Among other items, Snyder wants to get his hands on diaries, telegrams, routing slips and desk calendars that could have information about communications between Steinberg and McKenna. What Snyder doesn't know is that Steinberg and McKenna have been communicating by carrier pigeon for years.
Dan Snyder Loves, and Subpoenas, the Press [Washington City Paper]


text:
The Apache Software Foundation and the Apache Portable Runtime Project are proud to announce the General Availability of version 1.7.0 of the Apache Portable Runtime library (APR). Version 1.6.1 of the APR Utility library (APR-util) and version 1.2.2 of the APR iconv library (APR-iconv) remain current.
There are a number of specific changes in how APR is deployed and how APR-util deals with external dependencies in these current releases, which may be disruptive to existing build strategies:
APR 1.7.0, APR-util 1.6.1, and APR-iconv 1.2.2 fix a number of security vulnerabilities, run-time and build-time issues. For details, see;
APR is available for download from:
The mission of the Apache Portable Runtime Project is to create and maintain software libraries that provide a predictable and consistent interface to underlying platform-specific implementations. The primary goal is to provide an API to which software developers may code and be assured of predictable if not identical behavior regardless of the platform on which their software is built. We list all known projects using APR at http://apr.apache.org/projects.html - so please let us know if you find our libraries useful in your own projects!


text:
The Wolf
|: Richard Guilliatt
|: Simon and Schuster
|Total Pages
|: 400
|: 2010-04-20
|: 1416573399
|: 9781416573395
|: 4/5 (99 Downloads)
Download or read book The Wolf written by Richard Guilliatt and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-04-20 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On November 30, 1916, an apparently ordinary freighter left harbor in Kiel, Germany, and would not touch land again for another fifteen months. It was the beginning of an astounding 64,000-mile voyage that was to take the ship around the world, leaving a trail of destruction and devastation in her wake. For this was no ordinary freighter—this was the Wolf, a disguised German warship. In this gripping account of an audacious and lethal World War I expedition, Richard Guilliatt and Peter Hohnen depict the Wolf 's assignment: to terrorize distant ports of the British Empire by laying minefields and sinking freighters, thus hastening Germany's goal of starving her enemy into submission. Yet to maintain secrecy, she could never pull into port or use her radio, and to comply with the rules of sea warfare, her captain fastidiously tried to avoid killing civilians aboard the merchant ships he attacked, taking their crews and passengers prisoner before sinking the vessels. The Wolf thus became a huge floating prison, with more than 400 captives, including a number of women and children, from twenty-five different nations. Sexual affairs were kindled between the German crew and some female prisoners. A six-year-old American girl, captured while sailing across the Pacific with her parents, was adopted as a mascot by the Germans. Forced to survive on food and fuel plundered from other ships, facing death from scurvy, and hunted by the combined navies of five Allied nations, the Germans and their prisoners came to share a common bond. The will to survive transcended enmities of race, class, and nationality. It was to be one of the most daring clandestine naval missions of modern times. Under the command of Captain Karl Nerger, who conducted his deadly business with an admirable sense of chivalry, the Wolf traversed three of the world's major oceans and destroyed more than thirty Allied vessels. We learn of the world through which the Wolf moved, with all its social divisions and xenophobia, its bravery and stoicism, its combination of old-world social mores and rapid technological change. The story of this epic voyage is a vivid real-life narrative and simultaneously a richly detailed picture of a world being profoundly transformed by war.


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By Ranger Steve Mueller
Water flows from high to low areas and over time it shortens its path. Tadpole Pond, at Howard Christensen Nature Center (HCNC), is higher than Chrishaven Lake, Spring Lake, Spring Creek, and Rogue River. The route water takes from Tadpole Pond to the Rogue River has a "youthful" geology.
Surrounding Tadpole Pond, rain and snowmelt drains a small area of higher ground to feed the pond. The pond was dredged deeper before becoming HCNC. The dredging cut deeper below the water table and allowed water to enter the pond from surrounding groundwater. This created a permanent shallow pond. An earth dam was constructed at the east end of the pond, with an overflow drain installed under Nature's Habitats Trail leading toward Chrishaven Lake.
From the pond, water flows east into a boggy swamp that fills a glacial kettle lake basin formed 8000 years ago. A large block of ice left by a retreating glacier was buried and slowly melted. The melt water filled the resulting lake depression. Chrishaven Lake has been shrinking in size as vegetation gradually fills from shorelines.
Chrishaven Lake Boardwalk begins at the edge of an ancient 8000 year old shoreline and makes its way to the current open water of the lake. We cannot see open water from the ancient shoreline where the boardwalk begins. Water from Tadpole Pond makes its way through the swamp, enters the lake, and exits eastward through what was once part of the open water lake. Water continues flowing eastward saturating swampland forest where open water was once present. A small stream channel flows from the lake and crosses Nature's Habitats Trail where a boardwalk leads through the lowland near the Swamp Shelter building.
View of the creek is lost as it merges into a large wetland forest on it way to Spring Lake. At one time Chrishaven Lake and Spring Lake may have been connected with open water. When water reaches Spring Lake, it no longer continues eastward. Spring Creek coming from north of 20 Mile Road enters Spring Lake and flows out its southwest corner. Upstream from the lake, Spring Creek is small. Where it exits the lake, the stream is about 30 feet wide because additional water feeds the creek from springs in the lake.
The east flowing water from Tadpole Pond turns westward and flows south of Chrishaven Lake and Tadpole Pond on its way west to the Rogue River. Given time, the water will flow directly west to the Rogue River from Tadpole Pond. Water takes the least resistant route. The current landscape is geologically known as youthful because water flow does not all converge directly toward Rogue River but follows an erratic path.
Given time, water will carry land away particle by particle to create a channel directly from Tadpole Pond to Rogue River. We will not live thousands of years to witness landscape changes that develop a mature river system and then an old geologic river system. Details of change from geologic youth to mature, and old age river systems will need to wait for another time.
During our lives, enjoy varied nature niches at HCNC that have developed along a youthful water course that flows east from Tadpole Pond to Spring Lake and turns 180 degrees to flow west to Rogue River. Dramatically different nature niches enhance biodiversity along the meandering watercourse. Visit HCNC and purchase an individual or family membership at the Red Pine Interpretive Center. HCNC has perhaps wildest and most diverse habitat variety of any designated nature study areas in Kent County.
Natural history questions or topic suggestions can be directed to Ranger Steve (Mueller) at firstname.lastname@example.com Ody Brook, 13010 Northland Dr, Cedar Springs, MI 49319-8433. 616-696-1753.


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text: Simple Woman Posted April 4, 2003 I was reading the topic how to please your husband and someone suggested they should put up how to please your wife.. and i had something of that sort lying around in my email.. and i thought why not post it up..... Well here goess... Prepared by Muhammad AlShareef, Reprinted from Islamway.com 1. Dress up for your wife, look clean and smell good.When was the last time us men went shopping for designer pajamas? Just like the husband wants his wife to look nice for him, she also wants her husband to dress up for her too. Remember that Rasul Allah - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - would always start with Miswak when returning home and always loved the sweetest smells. 2. Use the cutest names for your wife. Rasul Allah - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - had nicknames for his wives, ones that they loved. Call your wife by the most beloved names to her, and avoid using names that hurt their feelings. 3. Don't treat her like a fly. We never think about a fly in our daily lives until it 'bugs' us. Similarly, a wife will do well all day - which brings no attention from the husband - until she does something to 'bug' him. Don't treat her like this; recognize all the good that she does and focus on that. 4. If you see wrong from your wife, try being silent and do not comment! This is one of the ways Rasul Allah - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - used when he would see something inappropriate from his wives - radi Allahu 'anhunn. It's a technique that few Muslim men have mastered. 5. Smile at your wife whenever you see her and embrace her often. Smiling is Sadaqah and your wife is not exempt from the Muslim Ummah. Imagine life with her constantly seeing you smiling. Remember also those Ahadith when Rasul Allah - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - would kiss his wife before leaving for Salah, even if he was fasting. 6. Thank her for all that she does for you. Then thank her again! Take for example a dinner at your house. She makes the food, cleans the home, and a dozen other tasks to prepare. And sometimes the only acknowledgement she receives is that there needed to be more salt in the soup. Don't let that be; thank her! 7. Ask her to write down the last ten things you did for her that made her happy. Then go and do them again. It may be hard to recognize what gives your wife pleasure. You don't have to play a guessing game, ask her and work on repeating those times in your life. 8. Don't belittle her desires. Comfort her. Sometimes the men may look down upon the requests of their wives. Rasul Allah - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam set the example for us in an incident when Safiyyah - radi Allahu 'anha - was crying because, as she said, he had put her on a slow camel. He wiped her tears, comforted her, and brought her the camel. 9. Be humorous and Play games with your wife. Look at how Rasul Allah - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam - would race his wife Aisha - radi Allahu 'anha - in the desert. When was the last time we did something like that? 10. Always remember the words of Allah's Messenger - sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam: "The best of you are those who treat their families the best. And I am the best amongst you to my family." Try to be the best! Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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In a quiet cafe outside San Francisco, "Josephine" -- a local prostitute -- arranges a collection of t-shirts across the table. They're emblazoned with phrases like "Winter is Coming" and "Geeks Make Better Lovers." She wears them in her online ads to catch the eye of the area's well-off engineers and programmers.
"I'm trying to communicate to them that I understand a little bit what it's like to be techy, nerdy, geeky," she says. There's another thing Josephine and her clients have in common: Like many of the techies she caters to, Josephine views herself as an entrepreneur.
"I consider myself to be a small business owner," she says.
The Bay Area's high wages and concentration of young guys with disposable income have made it a magnet for sex workers -- a broad term that can refer to a number of services, including sexual massage, prostitution, and escort and dominatrix work. "It seems like a lot of out-of-town providers come into town to work in the Valley," says "Karen," who charges $500 an hour and caters to the area's tech executives. (To protect their privacy, CNNMoney agreed to use pseudonyms or the professional names of those we spoke with for this story.)
It's no surprise that a region where a sizable population is flush with cash has a thriving adult services industry. What's more intriguing is how those in the industry are using both the tools and the language of the area's tech startups to build their businesses -- and to try to change the public perception of their work.
Kitty Stryker, a self-described "steampunk courtesan" who rents her time for $350 an hour on up, has a day job as a social media marketer for a local startup. She uses the same apps to grow her evening business.
"Everything I know about social media marketing I learned doing sex work," she says. "Currently I'm using Hootsuite a lot; I'm using Klout a little bit. I also use Twitter calendar, which is just this simple free thing, but it's got very interesting analytics data."
Stryker is a vocal advocate for the right of women to choose sex work and pursue it safely. She's proud of her job and spoke about it recently on "The Whorecast," a podcast created by Siouxsie Q, a stripper, sex worker and activist. (The show was originally called "This American Whore," until a dispute with NPR, which airs "This American Life," prompted a recent name change.)
"I consider the sex work that I do my career," Siouxsie says. "I would like the podcast to be a vehicle to really humanize sex work and have people see that I am just a girl trying to make a living and pursue the American dream."
Siouxsie goes about building her client base in ways that will sound familiar to many small business operators.
"I have a Tumblr, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, I have two websites, and I have Google Voice," she says.
Twitter is an especially good marketing tool for her for video business, which includes live shows where viewers can pay to interact with her. "When I'm doing a shoot or I'm doing a cam show, I will absolutely take pictures and put them out there and say, 'Hey, this is what you're missing out on.' The more I tweet, the more folks end up in the chat room."
Like the startup founders who flock to the Bay Area, sex workers see their own potential for striking gold.
Related story: Silicon Valley's $50,000 matchmaker
"There's a lot of competition to get the big-name clients," says Karen, who estimates that she's made close to $1 million over the decade she's been working in the area. "When you do land them, I've heard of women getting condos, whatever they need."
Unless minors are involved, prostitution is typically a lower-priority crime for law enforcement agencies. In San Jose -- the sprawling city that calls itself the capital of Silicon Valley -- the vice unit was disbanded in 2011 because of budget constraints. Still, prostitution arrests rose 35% last year.
"Business is good out here," says Sgt. Kyle Oki of the San Jose Police Department. "The girls say they can make more money here than in other cities."
Sgt. Oki works on San Jose's Human Trafficking Task Force, which focuses on stopping coerced prostitution. He sees technology as one of the sex trade's biggest growth drivers. With websites and smartphones, buyers and sellers who would never be comfortable trolling out on the street in public can arrange for discreet transactions, he says.
Those same tools are helping sex workers set the terms of their employment.
"When I first started, the online presence was really limited to the gentlemen, who were looking for women to hire," says Josephine. Those "hobbyists," as regular clients call themselves, have dozens of review sites where they can offer appraisals of the providers they frequent.
Now the women are turning the tables. "I'm beta-testing a program right now, a national registry for sex workers," Josephine says. "I go in and put in information about my clients in a very discreet and very secure way."
Siouxsie Q says she finds sex work "very feminist and very empowering." The paychecks are a big lure, she admits --"I live a fairly extravagant lifestyle for a 27-year-old living in San Francisco. I go out to eat, I buy nice clothes, I go on trips." -- but she also likes performing and interacting physically with her clients.
Any paying job involves work, she points out.
"I'm quoting Belle de Jour, who did Secret Diary of a Call Girl, but you know, you sell the strength of your arms when you dig a hole. Selling our bodies -- which everyone thinks of as this big scary thing -- anyone who has a job that requires labor does that."
Josephine says her tech-themed online ads are both a marketing ploy and a savvy business move: They help bring in a clientele she says she genuinely enjoys spending time with. In her off hours, she goes to cons, dabbles in programming, and watches Game of Thrones.
"I like to bring in the kinds of people who I like being around," she says.
Karen's clients -- almost all of them from the tech industry -- are "young guys who have the money to spend on what they need," she says. "When they're working long days, this is something they simply see as what they need."
Stryker has a similar outlook. She's a comics fan with tattoos of molecules on her neck who considers herself a natural-born nerd, and is happy to "train" geeky clients on how to interact with those they're smitten with.
"You explain it to them in a way that's like a formula," she says. "Then they say 'ohhhh, math. It's math. Eventually if I plug these things into the formula, it will work.' I speak geek. It's a way we can communicate that they understand."
Stryker's business tends to rise and fall with the tech industry tides, she says, and right now, it's booming. "People are starting to feel like they can treat themselves a little bit more."
Josephine also says her clients are feeling more secure and spending freely again, after a big drop-off during the recession.
"It's interesting to hear on the news about the economy and how it's recovering," she says. "If you were to gauge by my business, it's recovering a lot faster."


text: Building social businesses in Bali by Matt Collette July 5, 2012 Share Mastodon Facebook LinkedIn Twitter A frantic itinerary and a litany of seemingly insurmountable language barriers made travel and study in Bali appear nearly impossible. But thanks especially to the welcoming embrace of the Balinese people, more than two dozen Northeastern students on a Dialogue of Civilizations program to the Indonesian island experienced the important role social entrepreneurship and the arts play in bridging massive cultural divides and building strong futures. "There may be no skyscrapers, wide roads and high-ranking jobs, but the Balinese people are happy with what they have," said Margarita Limcaoco, a third-year human services and international affairs combined major. Balinese people, she added, live in a "rich community-based culture where everyone wants to show you how to dance, what to wear, what to eat, how to say something in Bahasa and who to talk to." Students conducted field research with Bali natives. [media-credit id=19 align="alignleft" width="350″][/media-credit]Denise Horn, an assistant professor of international affairs in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities, led the six-week Bali Dialogue, her seventh. The program focused on social entrepreneurship, in which students conducted field research and presented business plans to the community. Students, who also took daily classes, traveled with Horn to meet with government officials, museum curators, leaders of nongovernmental organizations and a healer, whose work happened to be featured in the popular memoir "Eat Pray Love." Students also spent time every day with members of the community, who were eager to share their personal experiences with the Northeastern group. "We were so overwhelmed by people greeting us with smiles and going out of their way to help us and converse with us that it made us want to rethink about the way we invested in our own relationships," Limcaoco said. Half the time, students, worked on creating business plans that could be adopted by the community to improve areas such as tourism, sustainability and education. That focus fits into Horn's own research: As a political scientist, she studies the impact of social businesses on democracy and civic engagement. "The students had to go out into the community, do field research, find out what the problems were and then find a solution that was innovative and would be sustainable," Horn said.. "They had to identify something that would work with these communities, not just push something that might work back at home."


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Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu reiterated at a Likud faction meeting on Monday that Israel would not apologize to Turkey over the deaths of nine terror activists aboard the Mavi Marmara flotilla vessel on May 31.
Meanwhile, a Knesset committee of parliamentary faction leaders, headed by Knesset Speaker Reuven Rivlin, approved a motion to hold a full plenum hearing regarding Ankara's demand.
Netanyahu was responding to a question from MK Danny Danon (Likud) about media rumors that Israel would express regret over the incident in which the terror activists, eight of whom were Turkish nationals, attacked IDF commandos when they boarded the ship to guide it to the port of Ashdod.
The Turkish-sponsored vessel was one of six in a flotilla that had attempted to break Israel's maritime blockade of Gaza.
Turkey's Prime Minister Tayyip Recep Erdogan demanded after the incident that Israel apologize and compensate the families of the dead. In recent days, there were rumors the Jewish State was reconsidering its refusal to do so, and might also be willing to pay a sum in compensation to the families of the slain terror activists.
"It is inconceivable that the State of Israel will compensate terrorists who harmed navy commandos," said Danon. "Such compensation is tantamount to surrendering to terror and will create the motivation for future attacks. I am certain the government's answer to the motion will be that Israel has no intention of compensating these terrorists."
Netanyahu denied the rumors, but noted that the "relationship with Turkey is important." The prime minister added, "They must recognize the fact that we did not act out of malice, but in self-defense."
Israeli and Turkish officials met a week ago in Geneva in an effort to find a way out of the diplomatic quagmire in which the two nations currently find themselves. Turkey sent two firefighting aircraft to assist the Jewish State in response to an appeal by Netanyahu to the international community for assistance when a wildfire struck the northern region more than a week ago, leaving 43 dead and ravaging some 12,500 acres of forest land.


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I was reading another great Todd Bishop article about Microsoft's attempts to sell crapware-less Windows 7-based PCs and came across an interesting bit. Sure, selling crapware-less PCs is great. But Microsoft is formally defining what it calls Microsoft Signature software, preinstalled Microsoft software and technologies that turn a stock Windows 7 PC into a "Signature PC."
This is interesting to me because, in the writing of Windows 7 Secrets this year, I decided it was important to not just cover what comes in the (increasingly irrelevant) box, so to speak, but to also include chapters and information about the "sticky" Microsoft products and technologies that I think are as key to the Windows experience as some of the stuff that does come in Windows itself. So I'm fascinated to see that the list of Microsoft Signature software is very close to the additional software I cover in Windows 7 Secrets. This includes:
Microsoft Security Essentials
Microsoft Silverlight
Bing 3D Maps
Zune 4.0
Windows Live Essentials - Windows Live Messenger, Windows Live Mail, Windows Live Photo Gallery and more
Some third party technologies like Adobe Flash and Adobe Reader
I would love to see Zune simply become part of Windows in the future and wouldn't be surprised to see that happen. But then, why not Security Essentials and Windows Live Essentials as well?


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Statement From Field Director of Miss WA Pageant
Elyse Umemoto is an outstanding young woman and has been a brilliant representative for the Miss Washington Scholarship Organization. We continue to be very proud of her. She is known for her raucous sense of humor and clowning around. It is unfortunate that her behavior in unguarded moments has attracted attention.
The Miss Washington Scholarship Organization is embarrassed by the pictures you have seen. We do not condone the behaviors depicted in these photos. However, there will be no discipline for Elyse based on the behavior evidenced in the photos. None of them depict illegal behavior or cross a line that cannot be uncrossed. Elyse feels very bad about how this attention affects her reputation and that of our organization. We will treat this as a growth opportunity, both for Elyse and for our other contestants, one of whom will soon be Elyse's successor. The lesson will be that if you choose to appear to challenge the boundaries of good taste you better be sure that the environment is safe. Photographs, like words, can be taken out of context, and once a photograph is recorded it is available forever and there is no way to control its distribution. Nobody goes through life without occasionally letting their guard down and acting foolishly. Title holders will be reminded that they are public figures and role models whose lives will be scrutinized, especially by those who take pleasure in exposing imperfections, however slight. Elyse will not be the last young person whose clowning behaviors will give the wrong impression to people who do not know her. We can only work toward ensuring that the attention these pictures have generated will be a cautionary tale for all of the title holders in our organization.
We consider mentoring the young women in our program to be one of our primary responsibilities. It is a difficult lesson for some young people to learn that their fun-loving behavior before friends can be used against them. When trust is violated the pain is deep. We do not yet know which of her friends, or former friends, may have betrayed her by posting these photographs. All we know for certain is that they were posted by someone who is bent on damaging the image of an amazing young woman.
To paraphrase Shakespeare, this seems to be much ado about nothing. Many young people clown around and act silly in private in ways that they would never consider in public arenas. We would hope that they could always trust their friends, but the realities of human nature teach us that trust is hard to come by.
I can understand the interest of the media in pursuing these photographs to see if there is a story of substance associated with them. It would be our hope that the media would understand that there is no deeper story, unless it is one of betrayal and the anguish that it brings. The MWSO and Elyse will hold our heads high and weather whatever comes, even though this incident should not register a blip on the Richter scale. We will trust the legitimate media to be skilled enough at their jobs to realize that there is no story here and move on to real news that matters to the public welfare.
Thank You,
"Leadership Through Scholarship"
Michael R. "Mike" Miller
MWSO Executive Field Director


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Elements of oil and gas pipeline
Navajos to build portion of major water pipeline
The Navajo Nation and the U.S. Department of the Interior have reached a financial agreement to have the tribe build 43 miles of a major water pipeline, according to the Associated Press.
The 280-mile, $1 billion Navajo-Gallup Water Supply Project will serve Navajo communities in New Mexico and Arizona, the city of Gallup and parts of the Jicarilla Apache Nation in northern New Mexico.
Federal officials announced an agreement Thursday to provide the Navajo Nation with $43 million to design and build a portion of the pipeline along U.S. 550 south of Farmington, N.M., a pumping station and four storage tanks.
Water delivery could begin in 2015. The entire project will take longer to complete.
Federal legislation passed in 2009 settled the Navajo water claims in the San Juan River basin and authorized the pipeline.


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COFFIN, NATHANIEL, surveyor, politician, jp, office holder, and militia officer; b. 20 Feb. 1766 in Boston, fifth son of John Coffin* and Isabella Child; brother of Thomas; d. 12 Aug. 1846 in Toronto, apparently unmarried.
Nathaniel Coffin left Boston in the summer of 1775 when his family fled that place for Quebec. He was commissioned an ensign in the 40th Foot on 21 March 1783, but did not join the regiment until after it had left Staten Island (New York City) for England in November. On 11 Jan. 1786 he exchanged to half pay, perhaps because of a breach of discipline committed in Ireland.
Coffin then returned to Quebec, where he was appointed a surveyor on 19 July 1790. Over the next few years he worked in various parts of the province, particularly along the Rivière Bécancour and in the Portneuf region. In 1793 he joined William Vondenvelden*, Jesse Pennoyer*, and others to organize the masonic lodge Select Surveyors No.9. The following year Coffin and his father were founding members of an association dedicated to upholding the government in Lower Canada.
Between 1795 and 1802 Coffin was active in the area around Missisquoi Bay, and he was a member of the committee formed by Pennoyer, Samuel Willard*, and others to press the government to speed the processing of applications for land. Coffin's involvement in the region's affairs was reflected in his election from Bedford County to the House of Assembly in July 1796, but he was not conspicuous during his four years in the house. On 14 Dec. 1796 he was commissioned a jp for the district of Montreal, a post he held until around 1810. Coffin was employed by Governor Robert Prescott* in 1797 to collect witnesses for the prosecution in the trial for treason of David McLane*.
On 31 Aug. 1802 Coffin was among those granted 1,200 acres in the newly established township of Compton, where he had already made a start at settling. Over the next decade his whereabouts are largely unknown. He appears to have been in Quebec in July 1812 when he was appointed provincial aide-de-camp to his brother-in-law Major-General Roger Hale Sheaffe*. For his service with Sheaffe at Queenston Heights he was mentioned in dispatches, and he was with him in the battle at York (Toronto) in April 1813.
Coffin was appointed deputy adjutant general of the Upper Canadian militia in January 1814. As such, he looked after administration from the department's office in Kingston while the adjutant general, Colley Lyons Lucas Foster, moved with the army headquarters. On 25 March 1815 Coffin was made adjutant general, the only militia officer retained in full-time service after the war. He kept his rank of lieutenant-colonel, which he had received in October 1812, and was promoted colonel in 1820.
In 1816 the business of the general board of militia claims, which dealt with back pay for the wartime militia, was transferred to the adjutant general's office. Accounting for pay claims and preparing payment necessitated Coffin's presence in Quebec for the first six months of 1818, and payment itself occupied much of his time over the next several years. Not until about 1821 was this duty being displaced by the problems attendant on the formation of new units and the issuing of equipment.
After the war Coffin fell increasingly into disfavour with the reform-minded House of Assembly. There were objections in 1818 to his hiring a clerk, and an act authorizing part of the adjutant general's allowances, which lapsed in 1820, was not renewed until 1822, and then only after considerable pressure from Coffin and Lieutenant Governor Sir Peregrine Maitland*. Although in 1821 a committee of the assembly investigated the duties of the adjutant general and recommended a larger staff, the necessary funds were not voted. In 1823 an assistant adjutant general, James FitzGibbon*, was appointed, but contingency funds allowing Coffin to travel were insufficient. Further financial restraints imposed in May 1825 meant that the department could not even pay its own postage, and FitzGibbon resigned in 1827 when the assembly reduced his pay. These difficulties were not eased by Coffin's long-running quarrel with the assemblyman François Baby* concerning the amount of land due to Baby for his services as a militia officer during the War of 1812. Coffin's problems with the house culminated in March 1828, when he and the superintendent of Indian affairs, James Givins, were summoned to appear before a select committee investigating a dispute over government land involving William Forsyth. They were refused permission to attend by Maitland, and the reform element had them jailed for contempt until the end of the session a few days later.
Between 1833 and 1836 Coffin was increasingly involved in the affairs of the 1st Northumberland Regiment, whose commanding officer, John Covert, was attempting to block the activities and promotions of some of his officers because he disagreed with their political views. When Covert's behaviour finally resulted in his court martial, he blamed Coffin for having let the case go that far.
Old and sick by the 1830s, Coffin applied for retirement. Although a bill providing him with a pension and making other changes in his department was passed in the assembly, it failed in the Legislative Council. Coffin was still adjutant general on the eve of the rebellion of 1837, but his assistant, Walter O'Hara*, was doing the work, and much was left undone. When revolt broke out, Lieutenant Governor Sir Francis Bond Head* replaced Coffin with FitzGibbon.
Nathaniel Coffin did not begin his militia career until he was well into middle age. He received his appointment in 1812 because of a family tie, and had little experience of leading troops in action. Consequently he appears not to have been held in very high regard as head of the Upper Canadian militia in the post-war years, whatever his merits as an administrator. He was the senior staff officer during a period of great growth for the militia, when new units were organized throughout the province as a result of the influx of settlers. However, these units were never more than nominal, being for the most part unequipped and seldom mustered.
PAC, MG 30, D1, 8 ; RG 1, L6B, 1 ; RG 8, I (C ser.), 273: 138–39 ; 677: 8–9, 140 ; 678: 174–77 ; 704: 126, 246–49 ; 1168: 220 ; RG 9, 1, 131, 3: 14 ; 42: 11–14 ; 43 ; 47–50 ; 52–53. Édouard Fabre Surveyer, "Nathaniel Coffin (1766–1846)," RSC Trans., 3rd ser., 42 (1948), sect.ii: 59–71.
© 1988–2023 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Cite This Article
O. A. Cooke, "COFFIN, NATHANIEL," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 7, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 2, 2023, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/coffin_nathaniel_7E.html.
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The Secret Beyond Matter
Consciousness in the Cell
Consciousness in The Cell (21-30)
21. Nitric Oxide: The Miracle Molecule that Dilates Blood Vessels
Three scientists who won the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine discovered that molecules of nitric oxide (NO), released by blood vessels, had the ability to relax them. The NO molecule regulates tension in the walls of blood vessels, but doesn't carry out this act by itself. Rather, it functions as a mediator in relaxing the blood vessel.
To understand how this cascade process works, examine the diagram on the next page. For the vessels to relax, first of all some hormones in the blood start the process by sending an alert, binding to receptors found in the blood vessel lining. We can compare this to a domino effect, when a single domino falls and brings down a whole row of others. Immediately after the hormone sets off an alert signal by binding to the receptor, the vessel lining "realizes" what it must do and begins producing nitric oxide. Some of the NO molecules, "knowing" what they have to do as soon as they are released, head quickly for the vascular smooth muscle cells. Entering the cells, they bind to an enzyme.
This is the second step. But in order for the vessel to relax, yet a third step must be reached. Once NO has combined with the enzyme in the smooth muscle cell, GTP (guanosine triphosphate) is converted to cyclic guanosine monophosphate, or cGMP. Obviously, this newly synthesized molecule has a role to play in this cascade and, to bring this about, it makes its way to myosin. Myosin is a necessary protein needed in the contraction and relaxation of muscle cells. Here, the final step has been reached. With the action of myosin the last domino falls, and the muscle cells relax.
Reviewing these steps again, we see that the hormones and cells taking part in this process act in a thoroughly knowledgeable manner. The alerting hormones found in the blood go to the appropriate place, influencing the vessel lining and initiating the process. Similar insight is displayed throughout the rest of the whole process. Every signal makes its way to the correct place in the body, never getting lost in that very dark place, and always meeting with success.
But how can these cells, hormones and molecules effect such conscious actions? Could this consciousness be one of their innate properties? Certainly not! But knowledge and consciousness is certainly necessary to direct all these processes, to let cells know when and what to produce and to inform hormones and other molecules of the correct "address" and show them the way. The inspiration of this infinite knowledge, informing the cells, hormones and other molecules of their necessary actions, emanates from God.
22. To Prove Darwinism's Absurdity, Only One Example is Sufficient
It's highly illogical to claim that millions of events, all occurring by coincidence, gave life to inanimate matter and formed perfectly working processes and structures of faultless design. To realize this, you need only to consider the following example:
One of the transport proteins in the blood, called albumin, binds to lipids such as cholesterol and to hormones, toxic bile and medicines such as penicillin. Then it circulates through the bloodstream traveling throughout the body after which it arrives at the liver and deposits the toxins it has gathered there to be neutralized, and then continues on carrying the nutrients and hormones to wherever they need to go.
Now ask yourself these questions:
1. How can a molecule like albumin, made up of atoms and having no consciousness or knowledge, distinguish between lipids and toxins, medicines and nutrients?
2. Moreover, how can it recognize the liver, bile, and stomach and then deliver the correct substances to the correct places every time, never getting confused or losing its way?
If you examined the toxins, medicines and nutrients carried in the blood under a microscope you wouldn't be able to distinguish between them unless you had medical training. Certainly you couldn't determine how much and of which type of substance needed to go to which organ.
A few unconscious atoms, combined into the albumin protein, have been faultlessly carrying out this duty in the bodies of all human beings for millions of years—a process that the majority of human beings couldn't manage if they hadn't any training. Undoubtedly this display of purpose and intent by a group of atoms is possible only by the infinite power and knowledge of God.
23. Every Single Protein in Your Body Possesses Faultless Design and Vital Duties
The most effective way to show that coincidences have no powers to create is to expound on the proofs of God's existence. Take an example from your own body.
Whether standing up or raising your arms, all your movements are carried out as a result of the action of your muscles. For us to perform these actions, our muscle cells require a continuous supply of oxygen. The duty of transporting oxygen to the muscle cells has been taken up by one of our body's proteins called myoglobin. It very much resembles hemoglobin, another protein whose duty is to transport oxygen in the blood. But the difference between the two is that myoglobin has the capacity to carry only one single oxygen molecule. Due to this feature of myoglobin, flow of oxygen to muscle cells is carried out in a slow, regulated manner.
Consider that hemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen in the blood, swaps places with the myoglobin that transports oxygen from the lungs to the muscle cells. In such a situation, myoglobin won't be able to carry sufficient oxygen to the body. On the other hand, hemoglobin will carry too much oxygen to muscle tissue and will deposit it suddenly, upsetting the balance of the entire body. But no such thing ever happens; and both proteins are always found in the right place at the right time. As a result, we breathe comfortably and we can move as freely as we please.
Of course, hemoglobin and myoglobin are only two of the proteins found in the human body. Similarly, other proteins in the body have characteristics that fulfill the body's needs and are produced where they are needed. As these examples show, it's not possible for the human body's perfect design to have come about by chance. The Possessor of this perfect design is God, the Lord of the worlds.
24. Enzymes that Identify Mistakes
Due to external factors, mistakes occasionally arise in the DNA, the body's information bank. But these mistakes are fixed immediately by a control mechanism or repair process, effected by enzymes that are synthesized according to information found in the DNA itself.
The repair process is made up of a number of steps:
1. An enzyme called DNA nuclease identifies the damaged portion of the DNA strand.
2. DNA nuclease removes the identified faulty portion, creating a gap in the strand.
3. Another enzyme called DNA polymerase identifies the correct information from the undamaged strand of DNA, then repairs the damaged strand according to this undamaged model.
4. The repair process does not end here, however. A gap has been left in the sugar phosphate "backbone" in the area where the repair has taken place, but an enzyme called DNA ligase fills in this gap.
As you can understand from the functions they carry out, the enzymes that repair the DNA possess many multiple functions. In order to repair DNA, they must be very familiar with it. Moreover they must know where to get the correct information, and how to fill the gap that results.
The most amazing part is that the synthesis of DNA and the enzymes controlling its synthesis are all produced according to information stored within that same DNA, and are under the control of proteins made by that DNA. It is impossible for this magnificent system, with processes occurring within processes, to have come about in stages, by coincidence. In order for the enzymes to exist, DNA must exist to begin with; and in order for DNA to exist, the enzymes need to exist! But in order for them both to exist, the cell and the membrane and all of the other complex organelles must be in existence as well.
The theory of evolution that claims that living things came about gradually, as a result of "beneficial coincidences," is denied conclusively by the DNA-enzyme paradox, because DNA and its enzymes need to be in existence at the same time. This shows the evidence of a conscious creation.
25. Belief in Darwinism is as Logical as Belief in a Fairy Tale
The letters you see in the table on the opposite page are not in random order. Actually, they are part of the description containing information about hemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen in the blood. This description is recorded in DNA, which contains all of the information relevant to the entire body. When hemoglobin needs to be synthesized, these letters are selected out of the three billion letters found in the DNA. This selection process is carried out by RNA polymerase, an enzyme so meticulous and careful that it never makes a mistake in reading or selecting the correct letters out of billions. It identifies the correct ones every time.
After selecting the correct letters and obtaining the description of the protein, it goes to the ribosomes, the cell's production center for protein synthesis.
The ribosomes read this description with the same meticulousness and care and, understanding the message, they then begin to synthesize the protein flawlessly.
This event is very organized and planned, just as architects and engineers design a skyscraper with the latest technology, the plans for which they then place in the hands of specialist builders and technicians.
Darwinists, on the other hand, claim that this superior degree of organization in a tiny area that can't even be seen with the naked eye, came about by coincidence. They claim that molecules formed from blind, unconscious, lifeless atoms display continual insight and somehow direct and engineer such faultless plans and organization.
To believe in such a claim as this is as illogical as believing that fairy tales are real. But Darwinism has hypnotized many people and blocked their powers of understanding.
26. Enzymes Possessing Consciousness, Knowledge and Skill
When a protein needs to be synthesized in the cell, an enzyme called RNA polymerase goes to the cell's information bank, locates the information in the DNA relevant to the protein, then makes a copy of it for itself. But information about the protein is sometimes found dispersed throughout different regions of the DNA. Because RNA polymerase makes a copy of the entire DNA—from where the information begins to where it ends—it inevitably ends up copying regions that are of no use. The presence of irrelevant information would then result in a useless protein being synthesized. At this stage, enzymes called spliceosomes come to the rescue and, with great precision locate and remove the irrelevant information out of hundreds of thousands of bits of data, and finally join the leftover chains together.
Molecules, made up of only a few atoms, display great consciousness in this process of RNA splicing. They virtually work like editors, determining and fixing faults and mistakes in the chain. These atoms "know" the protein that RNA polymerase is trying to make, can distinguish between vital and useless information needed to make it, and can bring about the production of the particular protein at hand out of hundreds of thousands of other bits of information—all without any mistakes. Moreover, they know immediately when they are needed and immediately travel to the relevant area to begin duty.
All that's been explained here is only one small process out of millions that take place within a cell. It is definitely impossible for atoms to possess the consciousness, knowledge, insights, skill and cooperation that such processes require.
But evolutionists' claims—that nature's most perfect systems came about as a result of coincidence—defy all rational logic and scientific understanding. Evolutionists, believing in the unbelievable, claim that nature brings about miracles, that assemblages of protons, neutrons, and electrons can act with consciousness and knowledge.
But the evolutionists are mistaken. The organizer and director of this entire conscious and planned process is God.
27. Skillful Planning and Production Carried Out by Bone Cells
When bones first start to develop, they start out as cartilage tissue. With time, the inner part of this cartilage begins to calsify and later, becomes enveloped in blood vessels by special bone cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The osteoclast cells' function is to break down and resorb bone. This they do by secreting special enzymes. Not remaining idle while the osteoclasts are doing their job, the osteoblast cells form the bone.
As a result of cooperation between these two groups of cells, the bones develop and eventually form the entire skeleton.
During childhood, when growth is very rapid, the duty of the osteoblasts is much more intense. Bone formation needs to be greater than bone resorption by osteoclasts. Once the skeleton has reached a certain degree of maturity, however, the formation and resorption processes begin to balance out.
Cells to be found in the bones of every human being carry out the same duty. They all know how to build the bone. Aware of the differences, they know how to shape the bones of the skull and of the thigh, the degree of thickness each bone should have, and when to stop growing. Also, they act in awareness that they have more work to do during childhood.
In the order of any of these processes, there is no confusion. Each group of cells goes into action at exactly the required time. As a result of this planned formation, every bone attains the structure and shape it needs to perform its functions most efficiently.
How did bone cells gain this ability of planning and production? A cell formed from unconscious atoms cannot look ahead or make decisions. It can't be aware of the stress or balance in the body, sense its needs and take measures accordingly. But all of the trillions of cells in the human body act with the apparent awareness of a human being, and even display a superior intelligence. This is evidence that they are being directed and managed by a superior power. The Great Possessor of power that inspires them is God.
28. The Wonderful Harmony in Creation Refutes Darwinism
According to Darwinism, every living thing is a product of coincidence and chaos. But the perfect order, wonderful harmony, and sensitive balance existing throughout the universe crush Darwinist claims of coincidence. One detail in your body, which you can't see with your own eyes, will demonstrate: What gives blood its red color are the erythrocytes, or red blood cells. Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave discs and are highly elastic—features that have the utmost importance for human life.
If red blood cells did not have such a degree of elasticity, they would become stuck at many small capillaries throughout the body, because the cells' diameter is almost twice that of the smallest blood vessels through which they flow. But because of their elasticity, this is not a problem and they can move through freely.
What would happen if erythrocytes did not have this degree of elasticity?
The answer is dramatized in people with diabetes. Their blood cells lose their elasticity and as a result, block the smaller vessels in the eyes. A result of this blockage is blindness.
Every structure and system in living things is too sensitive, too finely attuned with each other, and too balanced to leave room for the possibility of coincidence. That is because each one has evidently been created by a Possessor of superior power and knowledge—that is, by God.
29. Hemoglobin - The Blood's Oxygen Hunter
Red blood cells carry oxygen to every cell in our body. While the oxygen molecules are flowing freely in blood, the red blood cells need to capture them, with the use of a protein called hemoglobin.
A red blood cell is designed especially for carrying hemoglobin, which takes up 90% of the cell. Organelles like the nucleus and mitochondria, found in other cells, are lacking in red blood cells, leaving room so that their hemoglobin can capture enough oxygen.
Under no circumstances does hemoglobin make contact with oxygen molecule; because if it did, it would oxidize and thus, not allow any oxygen to reach other cells. But under normal circumstances it does not have to come into contact with oxygen as it has been created in a very special manner so as not to face this danger. Instead, it holds the oxygen molecule as if with a pair of tongs.
How does hemoglobin capture oxygen? Hemoglobin protein is composed of four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group. These heme groups are the special "tongs" that give hemoglobin the ability to capture oxygen without contact and carry it to the cells that need it. The molecule's torsional angles change in a specific manner during oxygen binding.
Even here, within the tiniest parts of the body invisible to the naked eye, there is a most perfect and faultless harmony. It is impossible for such harmony to have come about as a result of coincidence. The emptying of the red blood cell to make room for hemoglobin, having protein "tongs" to capture oxygen without suffering a chemical reaction, the programming of the hemoglobin molecule to hunt oxygen in the first place, to recognize oxygen molecules and distinguish them from other molecules, the transport of the captured oxygen to where it's needed—none of these is a coincidence. To claim that it is is to cross over the limits of logic and reason. All of these are indications of the infinite knowledge and wisdom of God.
30. Tiny Hairs of the Respiratory System Faultlessly Determine Direction
Along with air, we actually breathe in a lot of dust. But this and many other substances harmful to the body are held at certain "security zones" where they are neutralized before they ever get a chance to reach the lungs.
From the nose to the bronchioles, the entire surface of the respiratory pathway is coated with a layer of mucus. This substance, which also acts as a moisturizer for the respiratory surface, also traps small breathed-in particles like dust, preventing them from reaching the lungs. After these foreign particles have been caught by the mucus, however, they must be ejected out of the body, lest they build up in the respiratory passages. To effect this, another security mechanism comes into play.
Lining the respiratory surfaces are sharp-pointed flagella known as cilia, approximately 200 present on each cell. By whipping back and forth in waves, from ten to twenty times a second, these cilia facilitate regular movement—always up towards the pharynx. This way, any mucus that has trapped foreign particles is directed towards the pharynx at a rate of one centimeter per minute.
In the nose, however, mucus needs to be directed downwards, and so the cilia move in the opposite direction. This way, any foreign matter in the nasal mucus is also moved towards the pharynx. Later on, any foreign matter is either swallowed along with the mucus and taken to the digestive system, or expelled from the body through coughing.
As these examples show, these tiny hairlike structures can determine the location of the pharynx which is, relatively speaking, quite a distance away, even though they have no eyes to see with, and no brain to think. In addition, they know that if this foreign matter travels down to the lungs, it may well harm the body. To prevent this from happening, they act in a most harmonious way, beating always in the same direction.
In various experiments and using many different methods, scientists have studied this mechanism for many years. However, they still don't completely understand this mechanism, which tiny hairs only two millionth of a meter in size have been carrying on faultlessly since the first human was alive. Acting with the inspiration given to them by God Who created them, cilia perform in an ingenious way that cannot have been "rehearsed" in a series of coincidences.


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The Soncino Press Babylonian Talmud is the only complete English translation of the Talmud. Its easy-to-use format–with the original Vilna Talmud page opposite its English translation–and its many explanatory notes, have proven a valuable resource for the study of Talmud for more than 50 years. This volume, part of the thirty-volume Hebrew/English set of the Soncino Press Babylonian Talmud, contains the complete tractates of Taanith, Megillah and Hagigah, which deal with the subjects of fast days, the holiday of Purim, and the special holiday offering, respectively.
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After the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the IOC launched an investigation into the ages of China's women's gymnastics team, because it seemed very possible that a few members were not women at all, but actually pre-adolescent girls. The '08 gymnasts were eventually cleared, but it came out that a '00 Olympian gymnast — Dong Fangxiao — was only 14 years old when she competed in Sydney.
China's athletic federations may not have taken a real lesson from the controversy. The AP is reporting today that as many as nine Chinese figure skaters may have violated age regulations at various international competitions. The list includes Zhang Dan and Zhang Hao, who won a silver medal for pairs skating in Turin in 2006, and Sui Wenjing and Han Cong, the country's next emerging pairs team. Sui, shown above, is reportedly just 13 years old. At first glance, even that number seems generous.
As of now, nobody has much to say regarding the charges. The Chinese Skating Associate and the General Administration of Sport of China had not responded to the AP at press time, and International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge said he would "ask his staff" about the allegations. "Definitely, if there is a discrepancy it must be solved," Rogge said. He added, "I will check with my sports department."
Sounds like a good place to start, Mr. Rogge.


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I had travelled up to the North of Azerbaijan, to the town of Sheki (or Shaki). A beautiful and ancient City with a gorgeous backdrop of the Caucasus mountains, nestled not far from the borders of Georgia and Russia. I had spent some time in the amazing Sheki Khan Palace as I wrote about earlier, but now I had a couple of hours to wander and catch a small glimpse of this fascinating city. A city known throughout Azerbaijan for its people having a great natural sense of humour.
A City built on ages, with first inhabitants at least from 2700 years ago, the place had seen so much. Empires, countries, independence and kingdoms have helped to shape what we see today. The streets lined with old and gorgeous architecture, a real feel of stepping back in time. From the palace you do not need to walk more than a couple hundred metres before happening upon a gem, in the fog it looked surreal, a 5th Century Albanian Church. On its outside there are old gravestones of Christians and more. Inside you can take a tour of how it would have been used along with ancient artifacts of bread making, clothes and music of the era.
On one of the main streets of Sheki i found myself intrigued. Shops hidden away inside the old stone walls. Being on the silk road and a producer of silk for over four centuries it was no surprise to find the place having perfect examples of silk garments on offer amongst local art and jewelry to name just few things. There is still a silk factory in the City today.
Another must see is the Caravansarai. The old brown gates mark the entrance to what once housed the caravans travelling to and from China on the silk road. At the peak of the silk route it was the biggest in the Caucasus region. Inside it is beautiful with the high stone domed entrance that leads to stone passageways and open garden and water features. I tried to imagine the bustle from its original use. Traders passing through and meeting in the open space for deals and merriment.
Of course in just a couple of hours I could not see everything although I will be back soon for sure. But, there was always time for grabbing some food in the form of the local sweet delicacy. I was shown to a little sweet shop and my taste buds had a chance to explode. There on the counter was an unmistakable great big round Sheki Pahlava. Made from honey, hazelnuts and flour it was so so sweet I tasted… and tasted… and bought like so many people do when visiting, it is a must 🙂


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Based on the idea of Pygmy Puffs, in the Harry Potter series.
Make sure you choose eyes to complement your wool, these mauve dolls' eyes look gorgeous with the pale blue 'fur'.
{pattern here}
The link to each free pattern is within each post, which may involve a free registration at some websites.
To make it easy to find a free pattern you'll enjoy following, all the patterns are ranked by difficulty level; Super-Easy, Easy, Medium & High.
Unfortunately, patterns are forever disappearing or links changing.
Please drop me a note if you have any problems :)
Monday, 28 September 2009
Friday, 25 September 2009
Another One-Eyed Alien
Extremely cute.
I think I'm going to make this one for myself & sit it on top of my computer monitor!
{pattern at ravelry}
Wednesday, 23 September 2009
Invisible Decrease Crochet Stitch
This is a particularly useful stitch for amigurumi, stopping those annoying gaps we sometimes end up with when decreasing.
{tutorial here}
Labels: how to's
Tuesday, 22 September 2009
Cyclops Alien
Weird, but cute.
{pattern here}
You'll need to scroll down the page a little to find this pattern.
{pattern here}
You'll need to scroll down the page a little to find this pattern.
Saturday, 19 September 2009
Colourful Daisies
Brighten up your table with some flowers that won't ever die off.
{pattern here}
{pattern here}
Wednesday, 16 September 2009
Thanksgiving Cornucopia
Substitute other foods if you prefer from these free fruit and vegetable patterns.
Easy to crochet.
{pattern here}
Labels: celebrations, crochet, easy, food
Sunday, 13 September 2009
Christmas Pudding Tree Bauble
A lovely tree decoration to add to your collection.
I'll definitely be making this one for our tree!
{pattern here}
I'll definitely be making this one for our tree!
{pattern here}
Labels: celebrations, Christmas, crochet, food, medium
Thursday, 10 September 2009
'Blubber Krissy' Goldfish
Pretty little smiley goldfish, try making her fins a different colour!
{pattern here}
There's heaps of other cute free and paid patterns at this site.
Check them out.
{pattern here}
There's heaps of other cute free and paid patterns at this site.
Check them out.
Monday, 7 September 2009
Amigurumi Severed Fingers
Absolutely revolting, these freaky severed fingers will be totally appropriate for halloween handouts.
Easy to crochet.
Easy to crochet.
Labels: celebrations, crochet, easy, fingers, weirdness
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As more people stream video to their mobile devices, wireless bandwidth is becoming an increasingly precious commodity. Data traffic increased 8,000 percent in the past four years on AT&T's network alone. In trying to avoid what the Federal Communications Commission calls a "looming spectrum crisis," telecommunications companies are lobbying the government to assign them more spectrum space in the 300- to 3,000-megahertz range, the sweet spot for wireless communication. But Italian astrophysicist Fabrizio Tamburini says a solution may lie in making better use of the frequencies already in use. In a recent paper, he demonstrated a potential way to squeeze 100 times more bandwidth out of existing frequencies.
The idea is to twist radio waves like corkscrews and create multiple subfrequencies, distinguished by their degree of twistedness. Each subchannel carries discrete data sets. "You can tune the wave with a given frequency as you normally do, but there is also a fingerprint left by the twist," Tamburini says. He and Swedish colleague Bo Thidé hit upon the approach while studying waves warped by the immense gravity of black holes. This past June, the scientists set up a custom dish in Venice and successfully broadcast video encoded in both twisted and normal radio waves across St. Mark's Basin. (Note that this type of wave-twisting is fundamentally different from the better-known circular polarization of light.)
The next step is to design small, cheap smartphone antennas that can transmit and receive the warped signals. If the industry's appetite for bandwidth is any indication, it may not be long before twisted-radio technology shows up in your new gadgets.
References: Bo Thidé, Fabrizio Tamburini, Elettra Mari, Filippo Romanato, and Cesare Barbieri. Radio beam vorticity and orbital angular momentum. Submitted 31 January 2011. DOI: arXiv:1101.6015v1
Fabrizio Tamburini, Bo Thidé, Gabriel Molina-Terriza & Gabriele Anzolin. Twisting of light around rotating black holes. Nature Physics. 7, 195–197 (2011). DOI: 10.1038/nphys1907