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Firefox and Facebook Messenger can now be BFFs
If you're a Facebook addict with a Firefox craving, or the other way around, a new feature in Firefox will have you salivating. We show you how to use the new Facebook Messenger integration in Firefox.
Watch this: How to integrate Facebook Messenger directly into Firefox
Firefox and Facebook Messenger now can be besties, if you want them to.Firefox 17 debuted yesterday (download for Windows | Mac | Linux) with a new social API that lets social-networking services hook deeply into the browser. With Facebook, that means that your Messenger sidebar -- the status updates and friends online -- will be persistent across any site you visit. It's easy to set up and if you know how to use Facebook, you practically know how to use the sidebar, too. First, make sure you're running at least Firefox 17, log in to Facebook, then go to Facebook's Messenger for Firefox site. Click the green "turn on" button in the middle of the page, and you'll instantly see the Facebook Messenger sidebar appear. It looks like you're in Facebook, with friends' status updates at the top and friends online below it, but the feature also introduces four buttons to the right of your navigation bar. These let you control the Facebook Messenger integration, including removing it. The first button links to your profile, as well as letting you hide the sidebar and desktop notifications. This lets you hide either one, or both, to keep distractions to a minimum. You can also disconnect the integration entirely by clicking Remove from Firefox. The next three buttons will be familiar to Facebook users, and perform the same functions as they do there. The silhouette button lets you accept Friend requests without having to go to your Facebook page, while the dialogue box icon pulls up a list of your recent messages and the globe shows recent notifications. If you're thinking that this looks a lot like socially-focused alternative browsers like Rockmelt, you'd be right. But that doesn't make it a bad feature for browsers to include by default, especially since so much of what we do in the browser is tied to social networking.


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In photography, we cannot present an image without the use of light. The type of light we decide to use is what makes the process an exercise in creativity as much as skill. There is lighting which we deliberately set up to illuminate the subject, mainly flash units and light kits. Then there is ambient light, also known as available light, which already exists in the scene.
Examples of ambient light sources are sunlight, moonlight, candles, lamplights, incandescent lights and streetlights. One of the main advantages of ambient lighting is that it is often free and readily available since it is already found in the environment where you will shoot. The trick is to familiarize yourself its properties and the various ways they can light up the subject matter. Sunlight, for example, can illuminate the same subject in hundreds of ways depending on the time and the weather. Its intensity can vary from the harsh light on a cloudless noon hour to the very soft and diffused light on a misty morning.
Ambient light can create a strong mood in the shot since it is a natural element of the scene. Aside from providing illumination, it can also help tell the story or drive home the concept you want to present. By including the light source, for instance, you are introducing a prop which can support the emotional impact of the subject. The ambient light source can even be the subject itself. Certain ambient light sources, such as indoor incandescent light bulbs, leave a strong color cast that, if presented well, can further impact the mood of the shot. The more you practice using ambient lighting in your shots, the more aware you will become of its versatility and can then make full use of this fact.
Tags: ambient light, available light photography tips, lighting tips photography

subset: commoncrawl


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Nissan developing a 10-minute battery charger for electric vehicles
Announced earlier this week, Nissan has designed new battery technology for electric vehicles that cuts charging time from eight hours down to just ten minutes to fully recharge the battery. Assuming electric vehicle charging stations become more widespread across the United States, a driver could potentially take a long-distance trip from New York City to Los Angeles only having to stop for ten minutes at a time to recharge the vehicle. Researchers at at Kansai University in Japan claim that the breakthrough in this charging method comes from swapping out the electrode utilizing carbon inside a capacitor to an electrode using tungsten oxide and vanadium oxide.
The downside to the announcement is that perfecting and commercializing the technology is likely going to take up to a decade to reach consumers. While Nissan waits for the 10-minute battery charger, the company is aggressively supporting quick-charging stations that can recharge a battery to 80 percent capacity in approximately 30 minutes. Nissan is working with DBT, Europe's largest charging station manufacturer, to build smaller DC fast chargers that will cost user $15,000 and become available during early 2012. DBT is also scouting locations for a U.S. manufacturing plant that will likely roll out the new charging stations to U.S. locations.
The pharmacy chain Walgreens recently announced intentions to install 800 electric vehicle chargers at retail locations around the United States and DC fast charging stations will make up nearly 20 percent of those units. Some locations aren't able to utilize DC charging stations due to limitations in the power infrastructure. Walgreens is hoping that consumers with electric vehicles will soon associate the store with charging and encourage more people to shop at its retail locations. The company is taking a "wait-and-see" approach on rolling out charging stations nationwide to get a better understanding of the popularity of the chargers.


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Drag the marker, to the location of your destination.
Click 'GPS Done' below to save the coordinates.
Thank you for the great service on our holiday with our group in oleos d' agua. We enjoyed every taxi ride.
We have returned from a week in Portugal and having used your taxi service from the airport and throughout the week for various trips I wanted to say thank you for doing such a great job. Your drivers were brilliant in particular Roy. Always on time and very polite I will recommend your company to anyone travelling to Faro.
Thank you again for helping our holiday run so smoothly
Have always booked online with this company and would not hesitate to recommend. Drivers helpful and speak good english. Always on time. Nice vehicles with free wifi! (Kids really appreciate this feature!)


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Gunther von Hagens (1945- )
Gunther von Hagens invented a plastination technique and created Body Worlds, a traveling exhibit that has made anatomy part of the public domain. Von Hagens invented the plastination technique in 1977 while working at Heidelberg University in Heidelberg, Germany. Von Hagen's plastination technique preserves real bodies and tissues by the removal of the fluid and replacement with resin. Body Worlds features three-dimensional, plastinated human bodies.
Format: Articles
Subject: People, Outreach, Reproduction
Margaret Higgins Sanger (1879-1966)
Margaret Higgins Sanger advocated for birth control in the United States and Europe during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although people used contraceptives prior to the twentieth century, in the US the 1873 Comstock Act made the distribution of information relating to the use of contraceptives illegal, and similar state-level Comstock laws also classified discussion and dissemination of contraceptives as illegal.
Format: Articles
Subject: People, Reproductive Health Arizona, Reproduction, Outreach
Julia Clifford Lathrop (1858–1932)
Julia Clifford Lathrop was an activist and social reformer in the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries and the first chief of the United States Children's Bureau. In that capacity, she conducted demographic studies to identify links between socioeconomic factors and infant mortality rates. Lathrop mobilized the effort to increase birth registration and designed programs and publications to promote infant and maternal health throughout the US.
Format: Articles
Margaret (Peggy) Goldwater (1909–1985)
Margaret Goldwater advocated for birth control and reproductive rights in the United States during the twentieth century. Goldwater was a socialite and philanthropist and was married to Barry Goldwater, US Senator from Arizona. She spent much of her life working to further the women's reproductive rights movement, which sought to expand women's legal, social, and physical access to reproductive healthcare, including contraception and abortions.
Format: Articles
Subject: People, Reproduction, Outreach
People's Padre: An Autobiography (1954), by Emmett McLoughlin
Emmett McLoughlin wrote People's Padre: An Autobiography, based on his experiences as a Roman Catholic priest advocating for the health of people in Arizona. The Beacon Press in Boston, Massachusetts, published the autobiography in 1954. McLoughlin was a Franciscan Order Roman Catholic priest who advocated for public housing and healthcare for the poor and for minority groups in Phoenix, Arizona, during the mid twentieth century. The autobiography recounts McLoughlin's efforts in founding several community initiatives throughout Phoenix, including the St.
Format: Articles
Subject: Outreach, People, Publications, Religion


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Future GPS: The USA's GPS-III ProgramsAug 26, 2019 04:54 UTC
GPS-III satellites, in conjunction with their companion OCX ground control, system are the Global Positioning System (GPS) future. They offer big advantages over existing GPS-II satellites and GCS, but most of all, they have to work. Disruption or decay of the critical capabilities provided by the USA's Navstar satellites would cripple both the US military, and many aspects of the global economy.
The time-based GPS service is the most-used application of Einstein's Theories of Relativity. GPS has become part of civilian life in ways that go go far beyond those handy driving maps, including crop planting, timing services for stock trades, and a key role in credit card processing. At the same time, military class (M-code) GPS guidance can now be found in everything from cruise missiles and various precision-guided bombs, to battlefield rockets and even artillery shells. Combat search and rescue radios rely on this line of communication, and so does a broadening array of individual soldier equipment.
This DII FOCUS article looks at the existing constellation, GPS-III improvements, the program's structure, its progress through contracts and key milestones, and extensive PTN (Positioning, Timing & Navigation)/ GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) research links.


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Microsoft on Monday began pushing the release candidate of Internet Explorer 9 (IE9) via Windows Update's automatic delivery service to users already running the unfinished browser.
The move is the first of several steps Microsoft will take as it wraps up development of IE9, then starts urging customers, especially consumers, to upgrade.
[ Also on InfoWorld: IE9 is closing the HTML5 gap and now supports more HTML5 features. | HTML5 will spawn richer, more sophisticated websites while also easing development. See "How HTML5 will change the Web." | Get your websites up to speed with HTML5 today using the techniques in InfoWorld's HTML5 Deep Dive PDF how-to report. | Learn how to secure your Web browsers in InfoWorld's "Web Browser Security Deep Dive" PDF guide. ]
IE9 Release Candidate, or RC, is the final preview before Microsoft gives the code the green light sometime before the end of March. The company shipped IE9 RC last Thursday.
According to a pair of Microsoft program managers who announced IE9 RC's distribution on a company blog, the new build was to have reached a limited number of users Monday.
"This rollout will start with a narrow audience and expand over the next few days to cover all Internet Explorer 9 beta users," the company said.
As it did with both IE8 and IE7, Microsoft will give IE9 beta users the option of rejecting or delaying the installation of the RC. Users will see a splash screen before IE9 RC installs that gives them three choices: "Ask me later," "Install" and "Don't Install." Users who pick the first option will see the upgrade offer after the next update session.
Only users running IE9's beta will see the automatic offer. Microsoft recently claimed that 25 million copies of the beta had been downloaded since September 2010.
At some point after the final release of IE9 -- Microsoft calls the milestone "RTW," for "release to the Web" -- the new browser will be offered to all Windows Vista and Windows 7 users, who have either IE7 or IE8 on their machines. If Microsoft repeats the timetable it used two years ago when it last upgraded the browser, it will kick off the IE9 updates to Vista and Windows 7 about six weeks after announcing RTW.
Windows XP users will see neither the IE9 RC or IE9 RTW offers because the browser does not work on the still-dominant operating system.
Microsoft has yet to set a date for IE9's final release, but has promised to ship the browser this quarter.
In preparation for the day when IE9 RTW lands on Windows Update, last week Microsoft also published a blocking toolkit for IT administrators who want to keep the new browser off company machines.
Microsoft rolls out such blocking kits -- which include executable scripts and Group Policy templates -- prior to delivering major upgrades to its operating systems and browser. Last November, for instance, Microsoft published a blocking kit for Windows 7 Service Pack 1 (SP1), the OS upgrade the company will add to Windows Update on Feb. 22.
The toolkit cannot prevent users from manually downloading IE9, however.
IE9 is Microsoft's latest attempt to entice expatriates to return. According to Web analytics company Net Applications, IE's usage share is down by nearly a third since November 2007; last month IE accounted for 56% of all browsers, a historic low.
Users can obtain the IE9 release candidate from Microsoft's Web site. The 32-bit version weighs in at just over 19MB, while the 64-bit version is a 37MB download.
Gregg Keizer covers Microsoft, security issues, Apple, Web browsers and general technology breaking news for Computerworld. Follow Gregg on Twitter at @gkeizer or subscribe to Gregg's RSS feed. His email address is email@example.com.
Read more about browsers in Computerworld's Browsers Topic Center.
This story, "Microsoft pushes IE9 RC via Windows Update" was originally published by Computerworld.


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If you are looking for flavorful, sturdy and crisp (but not dry) cookie, then you owe it yourself to give these a chance. Ground ginger, cinnamon (I used the fierce Vietnamese cinnamon from Penzeys, cloves and a special "secret" addition of fresh ground pepper season the flour with such a sweet enticing fragrance. Augmenting the dough to a dark tan color with a snappy depth of flavor is a cup worth of thick molasses - this is added along with the granulated sugar when you are creaming the wet ingredients.
The non-sticky dough is then formed into large golf ball sized pieces and rolled in granulated sugar before baking to give the cookies sparkle and a bit of crunch to the outside. You may be tempted to flatten the dough balls, but resist that urge - they spread out just fine on their own and leaving them in this shape allows them to stay extra thick. Since the dough is already dark, baking until "golden" is not a good way to check for doneness. I found the texture to be best when the cookies have baked enough to form beautiful cracks and crevices, but not so long that those cracks look dry. You want them to glisten and look a little underdone still. After we finished trying a couple of cookies, we both quickly agreed that these just might take over one of the coveted spots in our Christmas gift baking bonanza we do each year!
Swedish Gingersnaps


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Photo Gallery: Men's Basketball vs. Kentucky, 3/7/09
Photos by Casey Brooke Lawson and Tim Casey Guard Walter Hodge scored 18 points on his Senior Day and Florida stopped a three-game losing skid with a 60-53 victory over Kentucky on Saturday at the Stephen C. O'Connell Center. The Gators took the lead on their first possession when junior forward Dan Werner hit a three-pointer and UF never looked back. Florida started the game on an 18-8 run and led 29-22 at the break. Florida was ahead by as many as 12 points early in the second half. The Wildcats cut the lead to six at 54-48 with 4:32 to play, but a steal by Hodge and a layup on the other end virtually put the game away. Sophomore forward Alex Tyus scored 11 points and freshman guard Erving Walker added 10. Patrick Patterson scored 16 points and grabbed 13 rebounds for Kentucky. Jodie Meeks had 15 points and Ramon Harris added 14. Photos by Casey Brooke Lawson and Tim CaseyRead More


text: Search Results Search Sort by RelevanceMost Recent Case and Commentary Jan 2017 Human Trafficking, Mental Illness, and Addiction: Avoiding Diagnostic Overshadowing Hanni Stoklosa, MD, MPH, Marti MacGibbon, CADC-II, ACRPS, and Joseph Stoklosa, MD Clinicians diagnosing and treating potentially trafficked patients with co-occurring addiction and mental illness should guard against expressing negative biases. AMA J Ethics. 2017;19(1):23-24. doi: 10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.1.ecas3-1701. Case and Commentary Jan 2017 Taking Up the Mantle of Human Trafficking Education: Who Should Be Responsible? Carrie A. Bohnert, MPA, Aaron W. Calhoun, MD, and Olivia F. Mittel, MD, MS AMA J Ethics. 2017;19(1):35-42. doi: 10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.1.ecas4-1701. Medicine and Society Jan 2017 Caring for the Trafficked Patient: Ethical Challenges and Recommendations for Health Care Professionals Wendy L. Macias-Konstantopoulos, MD, MPH Principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence guide trauma-informed care. Care ethics should also support this framework for responding to the health needs of trafficked patients. AMA J Ethics. 2017;19(1):80-90. doi: 10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.1.msoc2-1701.


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Gypsy by Trade published a great post about the Campeur, touring bikes, and various VO parts. Please read the whole article. Here's a sample:
Velo Orange released their new Campeur frame this past week at Interbike. The features read like any touring bike– three bottle mounts, 46cm chain stays, cantilever brakes, rack and fender mounts everywhere– but the exterior is a cut above. The Campeur accents its svelte stature and fine lines with metallic-flake grey paint, white decals, and a metal head badge. A custom camping-themed design by cartoonist Dan Price adorns the top tube. Chris Kulczycki, the owner of VO, reckons that after a year and a half of design, development and prototyping, they've gotten it just right. For example, the curve of the fork blades required several efforts before the frame manufacturer was able to produce a consistent low-radius curve, as opposed to the common dog-leg style bends on many forks. As well, the bike was tested with front loads and rear loads, as well as full loads and no loads to verify that the handling felt neutral in most cases. While other VO frames are noted for their French classic low-trail geometry, the Campeur features a more moderate front end design, although it's described as favoring the "low-trail" end of moderate. Low-trail frames are ideal for front loads, although the Campeur is designed for multiple load configurations.
Bike Commuters has a new post entitled Interbike 2012: Velo Orange…sooo nice! Lots a photos.
The Path Less Pedaled as an interesting Interbike roundup here. Check out the Interview with Igor at minute-6 of the video.
Gravel Grinders is a very cool blog. You might like the Gravel Grinder News Interbike 2012 Report. The Campeur is near the end.
Guitar Ted liked the gravel racer build Campeur frame we displayed at Interbike. The full post is here.
Lovely Bicycle posted some lovely Interbike photos on Instagram as well as on the blog.
Then there is a small mention in All Hail The Black Market, a blog that's, well, hard to describe, .
Thanks to all the bloggers who mentioned us. By the way, we're happy to send products for review to those of you who have well known blogs with a solid following; just shoot us an e-mail.


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Dixons Academies Trust has three levels of governance to hold the Executive and Principals to account, and to ensure the Trust operates as a charity and a limited company should do: the Trust comprises of Members; The Trust Board comprises of Trustees; and our Local Governing Bodies who are responsible for ensuring that the Academy is conducted in accordance with its ethos and values.
The Trust Board forms the governing body, the board of directors and board of trustees of the Trust. Within the Objects of the MAT, the Trust Board is responsible for ensuring clarity of vision and ethos, setting the strategic direction, holding the executive to account, and overseeing financial performance. For more details about our Trustees, visit the Trust website.
The full powers and duties are laid out in our Scheme of Delegation, which can be found in the Trust website Document library
Governors can be contacted via the academy address or by completing the contact form on our Contact us page.
The Chair of our Local Governing Body is Bryan Collins.


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You and a partner will analyze the packets exchanged between pairs of computers that are using TCP to transfer a file. Because the network between each pair of computers has been specially configured to randomly discard some fraction of the packets they carry, you will be able in particular to observe TCP's response to lost segments. Because we have ten packet traces from a network using one loss rate and ten other from a network with a different loss rate, you will be able to observe the impact of loss rate on throughput.
Students in spring of 2002 used a packet sniffer to capture the same 114602-byte file being transfered 20 times: 10 times on network A and 10 times on network B, where the two networks differ in their (artificially introduced) loss rates. The sniffer they used, tcpdump, is more primitive than ethereal, but luckily stores its packet trace files in the same format (because it is based on the same packet capture library). Thus, you'll be able to use ethereal for your analysis, as described in the next section.
The file transfer was done using raw TCP, not some application-level protocol such as FTP or HTTP. Therefore, the only data contained in the TCP segments are the file's bytes themselves, not any commands or status codes.
The students used a feature of tcpdump which saves only the first 68 bytes of each packet to the file. This keeps the trace files smaller, but still includes all the header information you need. However, you cannot expect to see the full packet contents, beyond the headers, in ethereal. In particular, you would not be able to reconstruct the file that was being transfered.
The networks (A and B) were both configured in a rather unusual fashion:
discard ^ | x% +----------+ sniffer here | random | +---------+ | | packet | 100-x% +-----------+ | Sending |-----------------------+-->| selector |-------->| Receiving | | PC | +----------+ +----------+ | PC | | |<-------| random |<--+------------------------| | +---------+ 100-x% | packet | | +-----------+ | selector | and sniffer here too +----------+ | x% V discard
This means that the packet traces you have from the sniffer contain all packets that either PC transmitted (recall, the receiver transmits ACKs). However, not all of those packets made it to their destination, with effects you will see. (In more realistic settings, the sniffer is typically downstream from some of the packet loss, and so doesn't capture all transmitted packets.)
Network A and network B differ in what the percentage of discarded (i.e., artificially lost) packets is, shown as x% in the diagram. Both directions of traffic are subject to the same loss rate in a particular network.
The packet traces are all contained in the directory /Net/solen/home/m/a/max/www-docs/courses/F2004/MCS-377/labs/lab2/traces/ . The ten from network A are a01, a02, a03, a04, a05, a06, a07, a08, a09, and a10. Similarly, the ten from network B are b01, b02, b03, b04, b05, b06, b07, b08, b09, and b10.
As described in the next section, you will do some broad analysis of all 20 traces, and then more in-depth analysis on one particular pair of traces. I will assign each lab group a number from 1 to 10. If you are lab group 5, for example, you will do your in-depth analysis on traces a05 and b05. We can later pool together the whole class's results from the in-depth analyses.
You will analyze the previously captured packet traces using ethereal. When you start up ethereal, it may ask you for the root password, which is needed for packet capture. Since we will be using pre-captured files, you can click on the button that says to run unprivileged.
When you open up one of the trace files in ethereal, it displays a scrollable list of all the packets, including initial connection setup, the transmission (and sometimes retransmission) of data and its acknowledgments, and the connection tear-down. Because of a quirk of the way the packet traces were collected, the connection is torn down considerably after the last of the data has been transfered and acknowledged. Therefore, you should not measure the entire duration of the TCP connection; it would be unrealistically long. Instead, you will use the time from the first data-containing packet to the time of the last.
To focus on just the data-containing packets, you can apply a
display filter,
tcp.len > 0. After doing this, you
can locate three facts of interest:
Next, from the Statistics menu you can select TCP Stream Graph and from that submenu select Time-Sequence Graph (Stevens). By examining the resulting graph for horizontal gaps, you can identify timeouts that occurred. (I will show an example of this in class.) You should count the number of timeouts that occur in each trace file. Note that there is a huge horizontal gap between the last data transmission and the connection shutdown, due to the previously mentioned trace-collection artifact; you should not count this as a timeout. (Alternatively, you could look for the timeouts while scrolling through the list of packets. However, I think it is valuable to see the visual representation of the data, to get some qualitative feel for how the timeouts are sized and located.)
The final piece of information you should collect from all twenty trace files is the number of data-containing packets that are retransmissions. Some of these are triggered by the timeouts you just identified, but others are triggered by repeated duplicate acknowledgments, i.e., the fast retransmit feature of TCP. Ethereal contains a TCP analysis module which, if it were working correctly, would identify packets as being "retransmissions" or "fast retransmissions." However, this feature is currently buggy. This has two consequences:
Since our packet traces do not contain any genuinely out of order segments, you can find the total number of data-containing packets that are retransmissions simply by counting the total of those that are marked as "out of order" and those that are marked as either kind of retransmission. Actually, you don't have to do the counting, as ethereal will do it for you.
The first step is to apply another display filter to show just those packets that contain data and are marked as either retransmissions or out of order. (Packets marked as fast retransmissions are also marked as retransmissions, so they will be included.) This display filter can be expressed as
tcp.len > 0 && (tcp.analysis.retransmission || tcp.analysis.out_of_order)
Having done this, the "D:" number at the bottom of the window should show the quantity you are to record.
(Incidentally, ethereal is open-source software, so fixing its bugs would make a nice project for a student looking to make a contribution.)
For the two trace files that are specific to your lab group, you should clear any filtering you have applied and then examine the packets leading up to each timeout, and the first packet retransmitted upon each timeout, in order to determine the following quantities:
For each of the 20 traces, compute the elapsed time from first data-containing packet to last, and use that to compute the average throughput. (Recall that 114602 bytes were transmitted.)
One key question is whether the two networks have significantly different throughputs. Looking at the numbers, what can you say qualitatively? Are those from one network uniformly smaller than from the other, or is there some overlap? If there is overlap, do the two groups of numbers still seem to be clearly distinguishable, or might they all plausibly be coming from the same population? You may also want to look at the numbers graphically. For example, you could do a scatter plot, with the throughputs as the y-coordinate and a network number (1 for A, 2 for B) as the x-coordinate. This will give you two vertical columns of points, one for each network. You can then see how different they look.
To get a quantitative handle on whether the throughputs might plausibly have come from a single population, you can use a statistical test. The simplest applicable test would be Fisher's exact test for 2x2 contingency tables. The idea is to identify which ten throughputs are the smallest ten and which ten are the largest ten. Call these "small" and "large" throughputs respectively. Then make a 2x2 table containing four counts: how many small throughputs were measured on network A, how many small ones on network B, how many large ones on A, and how many large ones on B. You can arrange this as follows:
|small A
|small B
|large A
|large B
Now take these four numbers and plug them into a program for computing Fisher's exact test. If the resulting two-tailed p value is very small, then you have strong evidence that networks A and B really do have different throughputs. You can find programs for this test on the web, in the form of interactive web pages.
Next, you can calculate the fraction of data-containing packets that are retransmissions, and the ratio of timeouts to data-containing packets. Are the two networks distinct in these regards? If they are, is the network with more retransmissions the same as the one with more timeouts and the same as the one with lower throughput, as one would expect?
For the two traces where you examined the timeouts in depth, calculate the total time spent in the timeouts. Suppose these timeouts were eliminated, but the traces were otherwise unchanged. How much higher would each of the throughputs have been?
Also, for the two traces you examined in depth, calculate an estimate of the packet loss rate (i.e., the x% from the diagram at the start of this lab description). You identified the retransmissions that resulted from lost ACKs. Assume that the other retransmissions correspond one-to-one with lost data-containing packets. (This is only approximately true.) Thus, by subtracting the number of lost-ACK timeouts from the number of retransmissions, you have an approximate number of lost data-containing packets. Divide this by the total number of data-containing packets to get a percentage. We will later pool these estimates together to get class-wide aggregate estimates of network A's and network B's loss rates.
Be sure that your report does not assume the reader already knows what you did. You may assume reasonable background knowledge of networking, and should refer to external sources of information (such as RFCs or program documentation) where appropriate. Present quantitative data clearly, using well formatted tables (e.g., align decimal points) and graphs.