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Home Page Chess Life Online 2010 April Curtis Winter's Junior Grand Prix Odyssey
|Curtis Winter's Junior Grand Prix Odyssey
|By Andrea Rosen
|June 3, 2010
chesslecture.com, and the Junior Grand Prix, chessmagnetshool.com, and presents the first in a series of articles on these competitions, and what it takes to win.
USCF welcomes the sponsors of the Grand Prix
In our first piece, Andrea Rosen gives an in-depth look into Curtis Winter's yearlong odyssey to capture the 2009 JGP crown. Rosen sums it up as "One player, twelve states, 35 rated tournaments, 258 rating points, and one tough goal: to win the 2009 U.S. Junior Grand Prix."
At the end of 2008, 14-year-old Curtis Winter was in a chess slump, and decided to approach the problem like he would a chess game---he devised a plan of attack. He knew that to get better, he would need to play lots of games against stronger opponents, so he made a New Year's resolution to win the 2009 Junior Grand Prix, where you can only earn points by playing higher-rated opponents.
He had no idea that it would begin an odyssey involving thousands of miles, 12 states, and 132 rated games in 35 over-the-board tournaments, and that in the end, it would not only improve his chess game but even more importantly teach him life lessons about setting goals, persistence, and learning to lose.
Curtis, who will turn 16 in July, had been playing chess for six years, but he seemed to have reached a plateau. He ended 2008 with a rating of 1693, just four points over his 2007 peak of 1689. While the Annapolis, MD high-schooler is a well-rounded young man with many interests (tennis, music, and his school newspaper), chess had been an important part of his life for a long time, and he dearly wanted to take his game to the next level.
He felt setting his sites on the junior grand prix would be the perfect motivator. The Junior Grand Prix is a yearlong contest established by the USCF in 2008 in part to encourage youth players "to make the transition from scholastic players to lifelong chess players," according to Hal Bogner. Bogner, whose company chessmagnetshool.com is the 2010 JGP sponsor, credits USCF board member and Continental Chess Association president Bill Goichberg with coming up with a brilliant idea. The real genius about the JGP, says Bogner, is that it's structured to encourage youth players to play stronger competition in longer time control events---players can only earn JGP points by playing opponents at least 100 points higher, and are awarded five points for a draw and 10 points for a win. If you don't stretch yourself by playing higher rated opponents, you don't get points. "It's akin to entering a river upstream of Class V rapids" and learning to navigate, says Bogner.
Curtis was aware of the JGP contest because in the spring of 2008, he was first in the country in the standings, but his summer plans didn't include much chess, and in the fall, when he resumed tournaments, he stalled. "Instead of letting it go like I did the previous year, I decided I would go for it," he said, and in January, 2009, he announced to his parents Lynn and Prescott that he wanted to win it this year.
He was fortunate to have the full support of his parents. "He said to me, 'Mom, I really want to win this,' and because it came from him and it wasn't us trying to push him, I felt it was important to support it," said Lynn. She and his dad decided to make it a family project, and told him they would make the commitment to travel to tournaments near and far.
In addition to family support, Curtis had geography in his favor. Annapolis is within reasonable driving distance of many large tournaments. "We can get all the way up and down the East Coast very easily by car, and we did," said Prescott. But by year-end, they also traveled to tournaments as far away as Texas, California and Illinois.
Of the 132 rated over-the-board games Curtis played during the course of the year, 90 were against opponents at least 100 points higher than him, so he was constantly being challenged. In tournaments with class sections, he always played up, and was usually near the bottom of the section. He got off to a promising start right away. In his second tournament of 2009, the Liberty Bell Open in mid-January, he was paired up 100 points or more in five rounds, getting 2.5 points in those games and finishing with a total score of 4/7 , netting him 25 Grand Prix points and 47 rating points. And at the Virginia Open in March, when all five of his opponents were more than 100 points above him, he also scored 2.5 points and earned 25 more JGP points.
Having the perspective of a yearlong goal created a subtle shift in Curtis's short-term goals for each tournament. Instead of going into each tournament just wanting to get as many points as possible, his main focus was to do well enough to have the opportunity to play strong competition. "Every time, the goal was to have a good first round," he recalls, "That would ensure that I'd have good pairings later."
But the better he got, the tougher it became to earn JGP points. Because he was having to face stronger and stronger players as the year went on, part of what had to happen was that he just had to get used to losing, and learn how to move on without being discouraged. And because he played in so many tournaments, he got lots of practice at that, too. Of his 90 games that would count toward the JGP, he scored just 31 points.
Curtis's chess coach Daniel Ludwig, who he's worked with on and off for the last five years, notes that one of the best things that happened to Curtis during the course of the year was developing the mental wherewithal to withstand the inevitable number of losses he would incur. "A (bad) result that would have affected him poorly in the past doesn't do that anymore," said Ludwig. "He's matured quite a bit as far as the mental aspect of the game."
In addition to playing often and always playing up, Ludwig also notes that a key to Curtis's success was that he studied a lot on his own. "When you're playing as much as he did, you have to be familiar with a wide variety of openings, and he spent a lot of time on that on his own," Ludwig said.
Curtis said that expanding his repertoire to include a d4 opening boosted his results. "I got immediate encouragement by notching up some victories against players in the 2000s." At the 2009 World Open, he bought the book Grandmaster Repertoire: 1.d4 by Boris Avrukh, which became his favorite book. "It was a big part of my success later in the year."
Curtis also had the added encouragement of the Maryland Chess Association, which was offering cash prizes totaling $1,000 to the top five JGP performers in the state. MCA President Jim Becker said the state association liked the fact that the JGP rewarded players for playing tougher opponents. "You have to play players better than you in order to test your ability," Becker said. "If you play only people at your strength or below, what are you learning?" He and MCA Scholastic Coordinator Mike Regan also believe that playing longer time controls is good for developing young minds. "You have more time to analyze, and it deepens your understanding of what's happening with your position," said Becker. The MCA, which runs all the state's scholastic events, also structured them in such a way that the top section was always a G65 time control and so players always had a chance to earn JGP points. That and Maryland's added prize incentive seemed to motivate many of the state's players. In addition to Curtis, two of the 2009 JGP top five hail from Maryland.
By the end of July, Curtis had played in 12 tournaments, all on the East Coast, and racked up 160 JGP points, but was neck and neck with another player, and was sometimes slipping into the number two spot. Because his rating climbed 172 points from 1693 to 1865, he had to play even stronger competition to get JGP points. No longer was it good enough to beat or draw players at 1800 or 1900---he now had to set his sights on experts. At that point, with the support of his parents, Curtis decided to go on the equivalent of a chess tournament marathon. His mom scoured the USCF listings for tournaments anywhere in the country that would be eligible for JGP points, and he played in five back-to-back events from August to early September, and traveling, in order, from Connecticut, Massachusetts, California, Washington, D.C. and New York. While his chess rating actually dropped two points over that time span, he got to play 17 games against opponents high-rated enough to earn him JGP points, and while a score of 4/17 might have been disappointing in the past, it was still enough for 40 more JGP points.
But more importantly, said his mom Lynn, she saw a big change in his outlook. "I was amazed that he didn't get as discouraged as he might have when he had a tough tournament," she said. She chalks it up to the sheer number of events he was playing. "He was like 'OK, maybe this one didn't go so well, but I have another chance next week.'"
Curtis says that playing that number of games against much stronger opponents also set him up for having some breakthrough tournaments in the fall. When the JGP race was still close in the fall, he played the Maryland Open at the beginning of October and then made a last-minute decision to come to the Midwest Class in Illinois in the middle of the month. "It turned out to be an important tournament," he said. He defeated a 2100-rated opponent, got paired up in every round, and broke through 1900 for the first time.
1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 e6 3.Bf4 d5 4.e3 Bd6 5.Bg3
The immediate 5.Ne5 looks stronger.
5...0-0 6.Bd3 Ne4
6...c5 7.dxc5 Bxc5 would have given Black equality.
7.Nbd2 f5 8.Qe2 Nbd7
The position is almost dead equal.
9.0-0-0 Ndf6 10.Ne5
This is a very poor move that gives White a large advantage. Better would have been 10...Nxg3 11.hxg3 c5 12.c3 Bxe5 13.dxe5 Ng4, when the position is approximately equal.
11.Bxe5 looks much stronger, which gives White a large advantage after 11...a5 12.f3 Nd6 13.h4.
11...Nxg3 12.hxg3 Ng4 13.f4
The tactical 13.Rxh7 Kxh7 14.Qxg4 looks even more promising for White.
13...c5 is much stronger; White can now obtain a nice advantage with either 14.Nc4 follow by 15.Nd6, or....
14.e4 g6?
This isn't a very strong defense. Better would have been 14...Qb6, after which White would gain a nice edge by way of 15.exf5 exf5, when he can choose any number of plans
15.exf5 gxf5
Black is completely lost after this move, but White doesn't take advantage of the situation. Necessary was 15...exf5, when White has a nice advantage
16. Rh4
Though not a terrible move, White gives away the decisive advantage he had after Black's last move. Instead 16.Rxh7 is completely winning for White; 16...Kxh7?? loses immediately to 17.Qxg4, while any other move for Black just drops a pawn and White's attack will rule.
16...Rf7 17.Rdh1 Rg7
Black's last two moves were imperative.
18.Nf3 followed by Ng5 looks decisive; White's advantage has instead waned.
Black doesn't take advantage of White's errors, 18...Qb6 was stronger.
19.Ne3 Nxe3 20.Qxe3 c5 21.g4 and White will break through decisively.
19...Nxh2 20.R1xh2 Bd7?
The obvious 20...Rxg3 was clearly superior.
21.g4 Rf8 22.gxf5 exf5 23.g4
White keeps the attack moving, breaking open the position further.
23...Be6 or 23...c5 look much stronger, though White is still clearly winning.
24.Rxh7 Rxf4 25.Rh8+ Kf7 26.R2h6 Be6
At this point White's advantage is totally decisive and Black has no real hopes of winning, until...
The game flips from winning for White to winning for Black in one move. 27.Qd2 followed by Bg6+ would lead to mate shortly. Or if black plays 27...Qg5 then 28.Rh5 picks up the rook.
27...Rxg6 28.R6h7+ Rg7 29.Qh2 Rf1+ 30.Kd2 Qb4+ 31.Ke3 Re1+ 32.Kf2 Qd2+ 33.Kg3 Re3+ 0-1 Though an imperfect game by both players, and admittedly, a game that Black should have lost, this wild type of game was typical for me last year. It was also an important win because it pushed me over 1900 for the first time.
In the fall, he also found that he had what in his mind was an ethical quandary. In addition to the standard way of earning JGP points, all players were allowed to earn a yearlong maximum of 100 points by competing in specially designated blitz tournaments on World Chess Live, the 2009 JGP sponsor.
Every one of the other players who was nipping at his heels in the standings had already earned their 100 points this way, but Curtis had so far opted out. "I thought it went against a principle of the Junior Grand Prix, which was to encourage players to play slow games against strong competition," Curtis said.
But on the other hand, he'd devoted so much time and effort, he didn't want to jeopardize his chance of winning the title by refusing to play the blitz tournaments. "I decided that I really needed the points," he said. And in the end, the 25 points JGP blitz points he earned made the difference, since his margin of victory was just 15 points.
One of his proudest moments of the year came at the National Chess Congress over Thanksgiving weekend in Philadelphia, where he had a victory with the black pieces in an opening that he'd previously struggled with.
1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6.Bc4
White begins with the Sozin attack, but soon attempts to transpose back to the English attack.
6...e6 7.Be3 Nbd7
Better for black would probably have been Qc7 or Be7.
8.0-0 Qc7 9.Bxe6 fxe6 10. Nxe6 leaves white better, as do 8...Ne5 9.Be2 Be7 10.f4 and 8...Nc5 9.f3 b5 10.Bb3
8...Nc5 9.f3 Be7 10.Qd2 Qc7 11.g4 b5
The offensive race begins.
12.g5 Nfd7 13. 0-0-0
The position is equal.
13...0-0 may have been slightly more accurate but the position remains equal.
14.h4 Ne5 15.h5 looks good for White.
14...Nxb3 15. Nxb3?
The tide now turns. Certainly axb3 was better; now the c4 square is opened up for the black knight.
15...b4 16.Ne2 Rc8 followed by 0-0 and Ne5 looks quite strong for Black.
16. Qe2 Nc4
...b4 was even stronger, when after 17. Na4 Bc6 18.Nb6 Rb8 19.Qf2 0-0 Black has a large advantage.
17. Bd4
The best move in a difficult position.
Better was 17...b4
An egregious error; better would have been 18.Nd2 Nxd2 19.Qxd2 b4 20.Na4 d5, though Black is still in control.
18...Rfc8 19.Nd1 a5
19...e5 may have been slightly more accurate.
White throws it away; 20.Nd2 would have held on longer, after which 20...e5 would give Black a decisive advantage anyway.
20...a4 21.Na1 b4 22.f5 e5 23.Bf2 a3 24.b3 Nb2 25.Rg3??
Only 25.Qf3 would have held on longer, though after 25...Ba6 White will lose very quickly.
25...Ba6 26.Qh5 Nd3+ 27.Rxd3 Bxd3 28.Ne3 Qc3 29.Nd5 Qxa1+ 30.Kd2 Rxc2+ 0-1
His very last tournament of the year was the Eastern Open, where he and another player, the JGP eventual runner-up Abhinay Dommalapati of Virginia, were still battling it out for the JGP first-place title. Going into the last round, when the stakes mattered to no one else with his score of 3 out of 5, he was a bundle of nerves. "My nerves got to me and I blundered on move 12, losing the game," he said. But Abhinay also lost his game, and Curtis calculated that he eked out the title by the five points, the slimmest possible margin. Just to be sure he had it sewn up, he spent New Year's Eve playing in the final WCL qualifying online blitz event, racking up another 10 points.
For his year of hard work, he won $1,000 from USCF and free entry to this summer's US Open in Irvine, California, and another $500 from the Maryland Chess Association. He ended the year with a 1951 rating, 258 points above where he began. But more important, he learned lessons that will last a lifetime. "I learned that if you really work hard at something you can get there," he said. "It was very difficult, but I worked hard and put in the time and it paid off."
Chessmagnetshool.com is the sponsor of the 2010 Junior Grand Prix, and in addition to the top prize of $1,000 and free entry to the U.S. Open, there will be many new prizes this year, to be announced soon. For the latest 2010 JGP standings, click here.
Also check out the entertaining and instructional videos from our new Grand Prix sponsors, chesslecture.com. You can find the current Grand Prix standings here.


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An Official Website of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Division of Protection and Permanency
This research group is responsible for generating outcome indicators for the Process Improvement Plan and Family to Family, performing comparative and descriptive statistical analysis for all department programs, implementing a customer satisfaction survey process and providing leadership to the Continuous Quality Improvement process.
Kentucky's Family Preservation Program (FPP) refers globally to an array of short-term crisis interventions designed to reduce abuse and neglect, maintain children safely in their home, improve parenting capacity, and facilitate the safe and timely return home for a child in out-of-home care (OOHC). FPP service is available in every county (120 counties) through a state network of non-profit contract agencies with coordination and referral to FPP at the regional DCBS office. Using provider-collected data, FPP coordinators and providers document the contractual outcomes of the program.
In June 2006, an expanded, comprehensive program evaluation of FPP was initiated to compare the referral characteristics of families served or not served through FPP and to examine the statewide effects of FPP on child and family outcomes. The results show that FPP services are provided to families with high risks, young children and more chronic involvement with CPS services. This study also illustrated that FPP is a diverse service program that serves families with chronic needs. FPP services are successful in reducing entry to OOHC, speeding reunification for children, and promoting family well being.
In spring 2006, we began development and dissemination of single page FACT sheets from existing TWIST reports.

subset: commoncrawl


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Chickenfoot Comment on Occupy Wall Street
Chickenfoot's new song 'I Need a Job' would surely find agreeing ears at the Occupy protests nationwide, and the band says they're not opposed to bringing it to them. In an interview with Aquarian writer Bryan Reesman, Sammy Hagar says he doesn't support them, but his bandmates disagree.
"If they had jobs, they probably wouldn't be down there doing anything," Hagar says. "We need to get 'em jobs." Hagar says he doesn't support tearing down the current financial system but admits he doesn't rely on Wall Street for his financial success anyway.
"I don't believe in taking other people's money and doing things with it. Everything I've ever done has been my own money and my own thing. I don't endorse. The closest thing I came to getting involved with a big corporation was when I sold the tequila company to Gruppo Campari, who gave me enough money to change my life. I did it because I was over my head. It wasn't for sale, but they offered and I went, 'F–k! How can I turn this down?'"
Bassist Michael Anthony and guitarist Joe Satriani are more vocal about their support for Occupy Wall Street. Both like Hagar's idea of renting a flat bed truck to drive to Zuccotti Park and play 'I Need a Job,' a song that features real letters sent to Chickenfoot from people out of work.
"People have the ability to let the powers that be know what's really going on and what they're thinking, and I don't think they really need a solution," Satriani says. "That's not their point to say, 'This is what we want and this is how you're going to do it for us.' That's ridiculous to think that that's the case."
While Hagar isn't known for being overtly political he has taken on the government and big business before, most memorably in 'The Dream is Over' from Van Halen's 1991 album 'For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge.'


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PARIS (REUTERS) - Tens of thousands of people marched through Paris on Sunday to support the French government's plan to legalise gay marriage and adoption, but the turnout fell well short of a mass demonstration against the project two weeks ago.
Police estimated total attendance at about 125,000, while organisers put the number at 400,000. Two weeks ago, organisers of the anti-gay marriage protest claimed turnout of one million, while police put the number at 340,000, an unusually high turnout even in protest-prone France.
"There is a big difference between today's march and the one two weeks ago, which is that this demonstration is one of brotherhood, not of hatred," Paris mayor Bertrand Delanoe, who is openly gay, said on French television.
"The majority of French people wants all couples to have equality in love and parenthood," Mr Delanoe added.
On Tuesday, French parliament starts a two-week debate about the planned law change, which would be one of the biggest social reforms since abolition of the death penalty in 1981.
The government's socialist and green majority is determined to pass the legislation, against which the conservative opposition has lodged some 5,000 amendments.
On Saturday, an Ifop poll showed the proportion of French supporting legalisation of same-sex marriage has risen to 63 per cent from 60 per cent in early January and December, despite weeks of protest against the planned reform.
Support for adoption rights for gay couples also rose by 3 percentage points, although the country remains divided on the issue, with 49 per cent in favour, according to the firm.
Several government ministers took part in the march and will be among a string of celebrities at a party organised by Pierre Berge, partner of late fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent.
Former French Health Minister Roselyne Bachelot was one of the few conservative politicians to support the marchers.
"Nobody has anything to fear from this step forward," she told BFM television.
Mr Henri Guaino, a former top adviser to President Nicolas Sarkozy, told BFM the proposed law was a "a denial of nature"and called for a referendum on the issue.
"It is a negation of the difference between the sexes," he said.
Opponents of gay marriage and adoption, including most faith leaders in France, have argued that the reform would create psychological and social problems for children.
Same-sex weddings are legal in 11 countries including Belgium, Portugal, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Norway and South Africa, as well as nine states in the United States and Washington DC.


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I've packed my broomstick, sorted through some pictures, and I'm ready to talk at what looks to be a fun event. Most of all I'm looking forward to meeting some of my fans, and of course Jan Wigmore's speech on Reading the Brain for Learning and all the other presenters.
PechaKucha is a global series of live events where people can meet, inspire and get inspired, based on a format that is fast-paced and fun. PechaKucha Night (PKN) Wellington features up to 14 presenters that delight and inspire with their narratives using a specific format where each person speaks to 20 images for 20 secs/image. Total presentation time: 6 mins & 40 secs.
Old St Paul's Saturday 7pm 15 October 2016 Get your ticket here, or at Old St Pauls on the night.
Confirmed presenters for PechaKucha Night Wellington @ Old St Paul's include:
Pete O'Connell // Rhysonic: Acoustic music with power tools
Rebecca Rice // Artists in Wonderland // Curator all things arty and historical at Te Papa //
Lindsay Smith // Richter City: A decade of Wellington Derby // Skanda Lass //
Graham Bathgate // A Centenarian Remembers
Pinaman Owusu-Banahene // ABSOLUTELY ADJOAA // The Accidental Creative Entrepreneur
Jan Wigmore // Reading the Brain for Learning //
Anya Satyanand // Divine Inspiration: Te Aho Tapu //
Mandi Lynn // What the Fark is a Chakra // Master Photographer & Mojo Midwife //
Joe O'Callaghan // Roaming Robots //
A.J. Ponder//Wizard's Guide to Wellington //
Diego Saez Ibarzabal // Ex Tenebris In Lucem (From Darkness into light) // Architect & Lighting Designer//
To find out more go to www.facebook.com/pechakucha.welly or see www.pechakucha.org for information about PechaKucha Nights in over 900 cities around the world.
Have fun…
(paid link)


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This article is a repost of a previous article, but since I didn't get very many responses, I figured I'd try again with a more attention-grabbing headline. 🙂
Does anyone know of any decent web interfaces for NNTP out there? Preferably open source that we could host ourselves. There appear to be a LOT of them, so what I'm really asking is, which of all of those are actually any good, and would work for what we need? 🙂 (or be close enough that we could modify it to get the rest of the way there easily)
Currently, Mozilla's newsgroups are gatewayed to Google Groups, so we can use that as the web interface. Unfortunately, we've had continuous problems with spam originating via Google Groups, and there's very little we can do about it. Google's policies prevent messages from being deleted unless there's legal violations (i.e. DMCA notices), so we can't clean up after it, and as much as they try to fight the spam from happening in the first place, they're a big target. For the sanity of our newsgroups, we really need to move elsewhere, and hosting it ourselves would really make our lives a lot easier.
Related: bug 425122


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Here's our third post in the Walt Disney World Moms Panel mini-series! You've met some of the moms and heard about their most magical Disney dining moments and their thoughts about the best dining values in Disney World. Today we get to hear what restaurants the moms think might not grab the spotlight as much as they should…
From Mom Erin F.
The Wave – really nice stuff and good wine flights. Good tasting desserts, and they have really lovely food.
Another one that I tried – Raglan Road – had really delicious food. And I was very pleasantly surprised by the food on the plate (I had shepherd's pie). The Strawberry Salad was poppin' in your mouth delicious. If they can make a basic green salad so tasty, they've got something good going on.
From Mom Amber V.
The two places that come to mind are the Grand Floridian Cafe and Maya Grill. I think they both get lost in the shuffle, especially if you aren't staying at the Grand Floridian or Coronado Springs. When we ate at Maya Grill, we were able to walk up and get a table without an ADR, which was a surprise. We found the menu, service and atmosphere to be really wonderful. The Grand Floridian Cafe is a great choice for a refreshing, light lunch and is also a nice respite from the parks.
From Mom Anna S.
It seems to me that the one restaurant I can ALWAYS get a reservation for is Restaurant Marrakesh at EPCOT, and I love it there. We have had some of the best, most attentive servers of our Disney dining experiences there, and there is never the feeling that you are being rushed so they can turn the tables over. The kids enjoy the music and dancing, and the food is delicious. We eat here at least every other visit.
From Mom Jennifer W.
Flying Fish Cafe! I rarely hear anyone talking about makings ADRs here, and it is one of the best restaurants at WDW! It is a bit on the pricey side but worth every dime. The chef will even come to your table to personally discuss your order if you like. The atmosphere is a calming change from the hustle and bustle of many restaurants and the food is top notch. I highly recommend The Flying Fish to all my friends who are looking for something different at WDW.
From Mom Kara B.
Disney provides a chance to experience something new and exciting around every corner, so often for us a magical Disney experience may be more about the experience rather than the actual food. For example, Sci-Fi is an absolute must see for us every trip, regardless of the constant criticism regarding the food. Stick with hamburgers and milkshakes and all is good (I'll gladly share that their tofu entree is de-lic-ious!). However for us, it is clearly the atmosphere that makes this restaurant a must-do. In the middle of a hot trip (we visit in June), escaping into the cool "night" air is so relaxing. The kids sit in the front seat; my husband and I sit in the back. We feel like we are on a date because the kids are shockingly silent watching those campy movies. In fact, the entire restaurant is eerily quiet. Again, total relaxation. And of course, we all get those silly drinks with light-up ice cubes and use them at home for a fun souvenir.
From Mom Joanne M.
1. Fulton's Crab House, Downtown Disney. Awesome view, fantastic food, and great selection. We love going there for lunch before heading to DisneyQuest. It's not on the Disney Dining Plan, so we've never had a problem getting a table.
2. Narcoossee's at the Grand Floridian Resort. The food is great, and where else can you simply turn your head and watch Wishes?
3. Kona Cafe – I have to say I'm not sure that this one is underrated, but I was so pleasantly surprised by the dining experience I have to mention it. The service was fabulous and attentive, menu varied, and great food! And the Kona Kone is the coolest dessert on Disney property!
From Mom Heather R.
In the Magic Kingdom I think the Plaza Restaurant is a real hidden gem. The location is quite convenient, and while the menu is somewhat limited, the food is excellent and the portions are quite large. My Chicken Strawberry Salad was not only delicious, but HUGE – easily shared between two people.
At the Fort Wilderness Resort, the Trail's End Restaurant serves up home cooking style food at a very reasonable price, and since it's a buffet (and a reasonably priced one at that!) it offers a good bang for your buck.
The Grand Floridian Cafe (guess where?) is also a real hidden gem. I can't recommend any one particular standout menu item, but I know that every meal I've had there has been very good, service was attentive, and I leave intending to visit again. In a way I like it when that happens, because if I eat somewhere and have a particularly fantastic dish, I'm very likely to never try anything else! It's good to branch out. 🙂
From Mom Whitney P.
Where do I begin? The Boardwalk Pizza take-out window is one of the best values, with a pepperoni pizza slice at $3.99! Its crust is like no other pizza on property! My indulgence is opening packet after packet of parmesan cheese and topping it off. I like to eat it outside at one of the nearby tables and people-watch. That, with a view of the water, is a great dining experience whether you're alone or with your family.
If you're looking for night-life, I recommend Kimono's at the Swan. I'm a fan of karaoke and can sing with the best of them–from the comfort of my seat! It has the most extensive sushi menu on property, in my opinion, and if no one has the guts to get on the small stage and belt something out, you can sing along with the evening's hostess.
From Mom Jo Y.
My family love Kona Cafe at the Poly, last trip I had the most delicious steak there, I much preferred it to Le Cellier and recommend it to everyone. I love how they have sample desserts on show as you enter the restaurant and if you time it right you can wander down to the beach afterwards to watch Wishes!
From Mom Kim L.
My family loves to eat at the Backlot Express at Disney's Hollywood Studios when we are looking for a counter service meal. There's always a quiet corner with fascinating props to view.
Also, Olivia's Cafe at Old Key West serves wonderful dishes in a relaxing atmosphere. This is a hidden gem.
From Mom Kay B.
I think one of the most underrated food spots is Citricos. This is an unbelievable restaurant that is constantly being overshadowed by Victoria and Alberts at the Grand Floridian. It is family friendly yet can still be a romantic spot with a table in the inner room by the windows. The food is excellent from appetizers through desserts and the service has always been outstanding. They also have a nice wine room that can be reserved for a little more intimate dinner opportunity.
Another table service restaurant that is often forgotten and shouldn't be is Artist Point in the Wilderness Lodge. This is another outstanding location for food, service and ambiance.
In the counter service category I would say that Flametree in the Animal Kingdom park is not remembered and this is the one place we will go and not try to get dining reservations because we would all rather just eat at this counter service location. The barbecue is excellent, served in large portions, and then the area to sit in is quiet and relaxing. We take the path down to the lake and sit under the cool trees to catch a breeze on a hot day.
From Dad Doug I.
I think that Biergarten does not get it's due as a fun dinner venue. While I can think of a few German classics that should be added to the menu, the buffet combines a lot of great choices, as well as some americanized selections for choosy kids. And the entertainment value is a nice plus. Finally, I love that you can meet people in their long table seating arrangements.
I also like San Angel Inn more than most. Having grown up in Mexico City, I think that some of the selections there are more authentic Mexican than you can typically find in the U.S., but it seems to get panned for cuisine, often by guests looking for more Tex-Mex style choices (which I love too!).
From Mom Jodi G.
I think sometimes the resort restaurants are overlooked, and the restaurants at Animal Kingdom Lodge are top-notch. Jiko, in particular, is my favorite restaurant on property.
From Mom Beth C.
The Sleepy Hollow in Magic Kingdom is a great spot to grab a treat. They have homemade chocolate chip ice cream sandwiches. You can watch them bake the cookies right there! Sleepy Hollow is located right over the bridge as you cross into Liberty Square. It is a great place to get a snack before the parade or fireworks or if you are walking to the other attractions in this area.
From Mom Margaret F.
One location that our family really loves and I think misses some of the spotlight is Mama Melrose at Hollywood Studios. While it is often crowded, I think it often does not get the attention it deserves. We love the feel of the restaurant, with the warehouse setting and open kitchen. It is very family friendly and comfortable. The menu slection is top notch. The flatbread choices are delicious, and the bruschetta is superb. The pasta choices have a perfect blend of herbs and spices. My favorite here is the sirloin with grilled asparagus and red wine sauce. Mouth-watering for sure!
Thanks again to all the "moms" who are participating in the interviews!
Don't forget, if you'd like to share your "most magical Disney Dining moment," send me an email! I'm collecting stories and will post them in the next post of "Chicken Soup for the Disney Foodie soul!"


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Fujifilm X-Pro1 16Mp compact system camera review
Visual virtuoso
Pure pleasure
There is no direct access to any other program or scene mode and even the video mode can only be accessed using the drive menu. This is a camera aimed at serious and enthusiast photographers who desire purity and analogue simplicity. There is one quirky feature though that might appeal to pros and certainly appeals to me. The X-Pro1 has a multiple exposure setting that usefully lets you preview the overlapping image before recording it.
Viewing aids: the hybrid viewfinder keeps shooting at eye-level
Despite the lack of automation and user-friendly modes, the X-Pro1 is straightforward to operate and a sheer pleasure to use. Aside from the amazing 1.23m-dot resolution of its 3in RGBW LCD screen – that allows unprecedented level of detail at 100 per cent magnification – the hybrid optical/electronic viewfinder arrangement is a shooting experience that needs to be tried to be fully appreciated.
In short, it is like having the best of both: the brightness and high contrast of a EVF with all the quirks of an OVF such as seeing the extensive shooting information, the active AF point or the virtual horizon. What I like the best though is that, thanks to this combination, you can actually shoot through the EVF and review the shot taken in LiveView without having to take your eye off the viewfinder. It also helps that the electronic viewfinder is extremely fast so that the overall experience it is as close to DSLR shooting as possible.
That said, performance of the X-Pro1 is a bit of a mix-bag. Shutter lag and continuous shooting speed are good, if not excellent, but writing to media is sluggish – Raw files take close to ten seconds to be fully recorded on the card. The camera does not go into complete lock-up during writing-up but it does prevent you from taking a second shot for a very short period after starting the write process.
The autofocus system is also a rather complicated, unreliable and odd business. First of all there is no tracking AF, which makes this camera unsuitable for fast-paced scenes. But even the available continuous mode is not at all suited for moving subjects, as it is centre-based and really struggles to follow targets.
Images are captured swiftly but data writes can be slow
The AF-S is surprisingly better than AF-C at locking onto moving subjects although you would not think so at the start. When I first used the X-Pro1 I had so many misses that I began to think there was something wrong with the actual camera I had been given. After much struggling and experimenting though I realised that the AF-C is actually very precise in good light provided you fully depress the shutter to shoot instead of waiting for the camera to show you the focused image before fully depressing.


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Water SA
On-line version ISSN 1816-7950
Print version ISSN 0378-4738
Water SA vol.36 n.4 Pretoria Jul. 2010
Options for meeting the ecological Reserve for a raised Clanwilliam Dam
CA BrownI,*; E van der BergII; A SparksII; RN MagobaI
ISouthern Waters Ecological Research and Consulting cc, Freshwater Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa
IIAurecon (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 1347, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
A recent evaluation of the potential raising of Clanwilliam Dam included an assessment of whether the operation of the dam would meet the flow quality and quantity requirements for the protection of the downstream river and its estuary, taking Olifants/Doring River basin-level considerations into account.
The implications of meeting the ecological Reserve of the Olifants River downstream of Clanwilliam Dam to Bulshoek Weir, downstream of Bulshoek Weir to the confluence with the Doring River, and at the estuary, were assessed in terms of the impact on system yield. Some adjustments were made to the ecological Reserve to maximise the yield from a raised Clanwilliam Dam, in return for protection of the vitally important Doring River. Irrigation releases from Clanwilliam Dam were also restructured so that they met the ecological Reserve requirement for small floods of short duration to promote spawning in Clanwilliam yellowfish (Labeobarbus capensis). The assessments presented demonstrate that small adjustments in the requirements that form the ecological Reserve can greatly enhance the possibility, and reduce the costs, of successful implementation.
Keywords: Clanwilliam Dam raising, Clanwilliam yellowfish, ecological Reserve, ecological condition, environmental flows, water management tradeoffs
The South African National Water Act (NWA, 1998) provides for the protection of water resources through the apportioning of an agreed amount of the water available in a system to maintain the natural environment in some pre-agreed condition. To fulfill its purpose, this water needs to be of an appropriate volume and quality, and be available at the appropriate time of the year, and is known as the ecological Reserve. To arrive at the ecological Reserve, the environmental flows (EFs) for the maintenance of affected rivers, estuaries, wetlands and groundwater are first determined for a range of future conditions. These are then assessed against other requirements in the basin, such as provision of water for off-stream use, as part of a consultative process to decide on acceptable future conditions for the various ecosystems (Dollar et al., 2010). The agreed future condition and the EFs for maintaining such become the ecological Reserve.
The Department of Water Affairs (DWA) is responsible for implementing the ecological Reserve for all significant water resources in South Africa, gradually over time. Importantly, however, new bulk infrastructure or any changes to existing bulk infrastructure, requires implementation of the ecological Reserve as part and parcel of the process. This is the case in the Olifants-Doring Basin, where concerns about the integrity of the Clanwilliam Dam necessitate remedial work on the wall, and opened the possibility of increasing its yield at the same time by raising the dam wall, which would trigger the need for releases to meet the ecological Reserve for the downstream river and its estuary.
This paper is a synthesis of a number of studies, relevant to the issue of Reserve releases from Clanwilliam Dam, including the assessment of the EFs for the Olifants River (Brown et al., 2006a; b) and estuary (Taljaard et al., 2006), a basin-level scenario assessment (Brown et al., 2006c), and a feasibility study for the raising of Clanwilliam Dam (De Wet, 2007).
The main ecological, social and economic considerations relevant to the basin are introduced, and a description of the water resource situation and extant infrastructure is provided for background. The circumstances leading to, and consequences of, various tradeoffs for the ecosystem, with regard to the implementation of the ecological Reserve are discussed in the context of off-stream water demands and potential future bulk water developments in the Olifants-Doring Basin, and specifically the potential raising of Clanwilliam Dam on the Olifants River upstream of its confluence with its main tributary, the Doring River.
The study area
The Olifants-Doring Basin is located on the west coast of South Africa. The Olifants River rises in the Agter Witzenberg Mountains to the north of Ceres. Most of the surface flows originate in the Cederberg Mountains, located along the eastern flank of its middle reaches. The main stem of the river is approximately 250 km long, initially flowing through a steep gorge, but eventually widening and flattening into a wide floodplain and a major estuary at the coast. Its major tributary, the Doring River, also rises in the Agter Witzenberg Mountains, but flows down the opposite side of the Cederberg Mountains.
The total natural mean annual runoff (MAR) of the Olifants River is approximately 1 055 x 106 m3/a, but this has been significantly reduced by abstractions, mainly for irrigation (Sparks and Cullis, 2007), and current inflows to the estuary are approximately 718.4 x 106 m3/a. Water resources are not evenly distributed over the basin. Precipitation varies from up to 1 500 mm/a in the Cederberg Mountains in the southwest, to less than 100 mm/a in the northern coastal areas, and the mean annual potential evaporation is more than an order of magnitude higher than the rainfall over most of the area. The summer months, November to February, are warm and dry, and climate variation is extreme. The Olifants River is naturally perennial but flows in the Doring River are naturally seasonal, with the flow in the river ceasing for several days to several months each year.
Accurate daily flow data are not available for the Olifants River, or for any of its tributaries, upstream of Clanwilliam Dam, due to a paucity of functioning gauging weirs. Flow modelling indicated that present-day flows throughout the basin are generally lower than naturalised flows, with summer low flows considerably reduced relative to the natural levels, such that in the Olifants River upstream of Clanwilliam Dam surface flow now ceases in the summer months.
The quality of water in the upper and middle Olifants River is good but downstream of the confluence with the Doring River nitrification and salinities become a problem, particularly during March and April.
The study area falls within the Greater Cederberg Biodiversity Corridor, a biodiversity conservation project aimed at conserving critical habitat types in the region (Low et al., 2004). The Olifants and Doring River system has also been highlighted as a 'hotspot' of freshwater fish diversity in South Africa (Skelton et al., 1995) because it contains 8 endemic fish species that occur in no other river systems, as well as several other indigenous fish species. All of these are endangered, mainly as a result of agricultural activities, flow alterations and the impact of introduced species, such as bass and carp. In addition, the Doring River, and some of the tributaries, are virtually unspoiled by human impacts and have a very high ecological importance and sensitivity.
The Olifants River Estuary, located approximately 250 km north-west of Cape Town, is 1 of only 3 permanently open estuaries on the west coast of South Africa, together with the Berg and Orange River estuaries. Based on its size, zonal-type rarity, habitat diversity and biodiversity, it is considered to be the second most important system in South Africa (Turpie et al., 2002). The estuary also plays an important role in bird migration and the conservation of waterbirds (Taljaard et al., 2006).
Agriculture is the chief economic activity in the basin and it contributes approximately 45% of the economic output of the basin (Shippey and Van der Berg, 2004). Citrus farming in the area is important nationally (Kempthorne et al., 2007), as is wine making. Other economic sectors are mainly those serving the agricultural sector, although tourism is also important. The population is mostly rural and dispersed over a large area, with some concentration in small towns such as Citrusdal, Clanwilliam and Vredendal.
The area has high poverty levels and extreme dependence on agriculture and subsistence activities. Resource-poor farmers have limited access to good quality agricultural land and have been historically sidelined in terms of access to water (Kempthorne et al., 2007). The communities at Ebenhaeser (in the estuary) and Papendorp are particularly vulnerable to poverty, with approximately 3 500 people almost solely dependent on the river for their subsistence activities of fishing and irrigated agriculture. The estuary is also a nursery for various line-fish that underpin the West Coast fisheries. Thus, the cost of degrading the estuary would be high in terms of negative effects on livelihoods (Kempthorne et al., 2007).
Various small towns, and some other users, receive water from the river, but the bulk of the water is used for irrigation. Irrigation-related infrastructure in the basin consists of runof-river abstraction and diversions of the river into irrigation canals. There are also numerous farm dams in the upper parts of the basin. In the middle and lower reaches, the Olifants River Government Water Scheme comprises Clanwilliam Dam, Bulshoek Weir and a 186 km long irrigation canal system.
Clanwilliam Dam is a 43-m high mass gravity concrete structure with a centrally situated overspill section, with 13 crest gates. The maximum discharge capacity of the 2 bottom outlet pipes is approximately 10 m3/s (Bester et al., 2006). The Bulshoek Weir is a gated stone-masonry gravity structure. Water is diverted into one canal system at Clanwilliam Dam (live storage 122 x 106 m3) and is also released into the river to flow to Bulshoek Weir (live storage 5.7 x 106 m3), approximately 30 km downstream, where it is diverted into another canal system. The Jan Dissels River also joins the Olifants River between Clanwilliam Dam and Bulshoek Weir. The total irrigated area dependent on Clanwilliam Dam and Bulshoek Weir is more than 140 km2 at an estimated 1:5 year assurance of supply. During drought years when Clanwilliam Dam does not fill, restrictions are placed on the irrigation water users. There is a need for an improved assurance of supply for irrigated agriculture and for growth, and a need to allocate additional water to resource-poor farmers in the area.
No ecological Reserve releases are currently made from either Clanwilliam Dam or Bulshoek Weir. In dry periods, leakage from the Bulshoek Weir into the downstream river is also pumped back into the canals.
The EF studies
The riverine and the estuarine EFs were determined using standard DWA methodologies, and included a socio-economic assessment of a series of basin-wide flow scenarios (Brown et al., 2006a; Taljaard, 2006). The following is summarised from Brown et al. (2006a):
River EFs
The EF determination for the river focused on 6 sites (Fig. 1). The location of sites for the river EF was intended to provide information for the rivers upstream of the confluence of the Olifants and Doring Rivers, as it was expected that, for the lower Olifants River, the EF for the estuary would be greater than that for the river. Although it would have been extremely useful, it was not possible to locate an EF site on the Olifants River between Clanwilliam Dam and Bulshoek Weir because the riparian and instream vegetation had been severely burnt just before the study, and would not have yielded the sorts of information needed for the EF determination. When information was needed for either the lower Olifants River or the reach between Clanwilliam Dam and Bulshoek Weir, it was extrapolated from the nearest, relevant EF site.
The DRIFT methodology was used for the riverine ecological assessments (King et al., 2003). This approach allows for the generation of scenarios of different river condition linked with their EFs (Brown and Joubert, 2003), which assisted in the evaluation of a series of basin-wide water-resource developments. Essentially, sites on the more heavily-populated and cultivated Olifants River were in a poorer condition than those on the Doring River or on the tributaries (Table 1). Site 1 on the Olifants River upstream of Clanwilliam Dam was in a D category (Table 2), mainly as a result of excessively low summer flows (cessation of flow at times), cultivation of the floodplains and riparian zones and high numbers of bass. Site 2, downstream of Bulshoek Weir was in an E category, resulting from loss of floods and low flows, reduced sediment supply, encroachment of reeds and palmiet (Prionium palmitum), and cultivation of flood terraces, which have completely and, to all intents and purposes, irreversibly, changed the character of the river. Sites 3 to 5 were in a B category, i.e., largely natural, and Site 6 was in a B/C, mainly because there were some water quality issues, but the habitat was in excellent condition. The EF requirements for maintaining the sites in their current condition were correspondingly lower for the sites in poorer condition (Table 3).
In terms of DWA policy, Site 2 should be restored to at least a D category, which would require an additional low-flow of 146 x 106 m3/a. This would, however, severely impact on economic activity, as it would reduce amount of water available for off-stream use. There was unanimous agreement from the ecologists that the attainment of a D category at EF Site 2 was unrealistic, and a 'residual flow' was instead recommended, to maintain the riparian and instream vegetation in the reach and keep the reach in an E category.
Estuarine EF
The Olifants River Estuary is permanently open to the sea and the tidal influence extends some 36 km upstream (Fig. 2). The productivity of the estuary is, thus, particularly sensitive to decreases in river flows, flood frequencies and water quality. The estuary itself is still relatively undeveloped, but its condition is affected by a reduction in the volume and variability of freshwater inflows. The present daily flow to the estuary is about 66% of natural, but much of the reduction in flows is concentrated in the dry summer months, when flows are extremely low (<1 m3/s) and of a poor quality as they are strongly influenced by return flow from irrigation along the river.
The present (2005) ecological condition of the estuary is a C category, but this is on a negative trajectory (Taljaard et al., 2006). Also, given its local, regional and national importance, Department of Environmental Affairs policy dictates that the condition of the estuary should be improved to a B category. Thus, EFs were determined for maintaining the estuary in a C category, i.e., stabilising the negative trajectory (Table 4), and for improving the condition to a B category, which would require an additional 203.3 x 106 m3/a over and above present day flows into the estuary (800.3 x 106 m3/a in total; Taljaard et al., 2006).
Basin-level EF assessment of water-resource development options
The basin-level EF assessment considered a suite of scenarios, which approximated the effect that future bulk water resource developments would have on river flows and inflows to the estuary. These were done with a network-based, monthly time-step Water Resource Yield Model (McKenzie and Van Rooyen, 1999) and covered as wide a range as possible of differences in volume and distribution of flows, and included different combinations of increasing the capacity of the existing dam (Clanwilliam) on the Olifants River by different amounts, options for dams on the Doring River, and increased abstraction in the headwaters of the Groot River (Table 5).
The anticipated future condition at each of the EF sites and the estuary, resulting from implementation of each scenario, was determined, and a socio-economic assessment, which considered the value of ecosystem goods, services and attributes and sectoral benefits of the off-stream use of water, was done.
The scenarios indicated opportunities for generating additional yield with relatively low environmental impact provided cognisance was taken of the dichotomy brought about by human utilisation of the area. The scenario that offered the most economically- and ecologically-balanced configuration (Scenario 5), comprised the following:
Raise Clanwilliam Dam by 15 m
Allow limited additional water resource development in the headwaters of the Groot River
Protect the Doring River (i.e., no in-channel dams or diversion weirs) and key tributaries on both the Olifants and Doring Rivers, to ensure the variability of flow in the main stems, and to provide refuges and source areas
Maintain the present condition of the rivers at Sites 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Maintain the present condition of Site 2, i.e., an E category. This effectively meant non-compliance to a Category D in the reach between Bulshoek Weir and the confluence with the Doring River (in return no in-channel dams or weirs in the Doring River).
Maintain the present condition of the estuary, i.e. a C category.
Under the favoured section, the impacts on estuarine fisheries and nursery value were lowest, and the impacts on the livelihoods of small-scale fishers of Ebenhaeser, many of whom do not benefit from agriculture, were negligible. The scenario was further supported by the fact that dams in the Doring River had been repeatedly rejected as economically and ecologically unviable. They would also impact heavily on the estuary as the Doring River supplies much of the flow that supports the estuary (e.g. PGWC, 2003).
On the basis of the outcome of the basin-level EF assessment, the Director-General of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (now DWA) approved and officially signed-off a configuration of Preliminary Reserves for the basin that is in alignment with Scenario 5.
The Clanwilliam Dam raising feasibility study
The need for remedial work on Clanwilliam Dam provided a potential opportunity to raise the full supply level of the dam, and a feasibility study was undertaken to assess the technical, environmental, social, economic and financial viability of raising the dam wall by 5 m, 10 m and 15 m.
Other bulk water options for increasing supply volumes for irrigation were also evaluated to ensure that DWA was aware of the full range of alternatives and implications and would thus be able to make an informed decision. As the social development needs in the region are extremely important, the study focused on opportunities for resource-poor farmers presented by the dam raising.
The options analysis re-evaluated many of the options considered in the basin-level EF assessment, but with a greater focus on technical, economic and financial feasibility of each. Fifteen surface water (and 11 groundwater) development options were evaluated in terms their capital to yield ratio; their environmental impacts (barrier/sediment, inundation and downstream effects); and their beneficiaries (cost, agricultural impact, benefits to users and resource-poor farmer opportunities).
Of the surface water options, the results mirrored those of the basin-level EF assessment in that the most favourable were the development of farm dams in the uppermost parts of the basin; the raising of Clanwilliam Dam, or a combination of the two (West and Luger, 2005). There was also broad support for the raising of Clanwilliam Dam from key stakeholders in the basin (West et al., 2007).
The current capacity of the Clanwilliam Dam is about 30% of the present day inflow to the impoundment and the proposed raising of the dam could increase the storage up to 100% of the present day inflow. If Clanwilliam Dam is raised then the dam will absorb more of the winter streamflows before it spills and as a result the spillage over the dam will be reduced and delayed.
EF releases: temperature
The current release structure at Clanwilliam Dam is a 'bottomrelease outlet', where water can only be released from the bottom of the dam. Thermal stratification in the impoundment means that water drawn off from a low level in the Dam during the spring and summer months is significantly colder (12 to 14ºC) than the temperature in the downstream river (18 to 24ºC). This has serious implications for the Clanwilliam yellowfish (Labeobarbus capensis), which spawn downstream of the dam in the summer in response to small increases in discharge, but which will not spawn at temperatures below 18ºC (Cambray et al., 1997; King et al., 1998). Hence, the temperature of water released from the bottom of the dam to cue spawning would render it ineffectual. The fish have managed to survive and spawn downstream of Clanwilliam Dam, because the size of the current impoundment is small relative to the MAR of the river, which means that the dam usually spills in late winter/early spring. However, increasing the height of the dam, and the attendant change in dam design, would mean that spillage from the dam would be considerably reduced, and spawning seriously affected.
Thus, a 'multilevel outlet works' with releases at various levels (and therefore different temperatures, salinity, etc.) was investigated using the 2-dimensional CE-QUAL-W2, laterally averaged, hydrodynamic and water quality simulation model (Kamish and Rossouw, 2006). The temperatures of the releases, with and without the multi-level outlet structure, are depicted in Fig. 3, which shows that it would be possible to meet the downstream temperature requirements in the summer using a multi-level offtake, provided the impoundment was full on 1 November, so that highest outlet could be used to make releases in early November.
On the basis of these results, a multi-level outlet structure was included in the proposed design, and costing, of the raised Clanwilliam Dam (Van der Berg and Killick, 2007).
EF releases: hydrology and yield modelling
The Water Resource Yield Model that was used in the basinlevel EF assessment of water resource development options was updated for use in the feasibility study (Sparks and Cullis, 2007). This entailed, inter alia, changes to some of the offstream demand and land-use data and some changes to the modelled hydrology (Table 6).
Scenarios were analysed to determine the historical yields of the system for the existing dam and for 3 different dam raisings of 5, 10 and 15 m. The scenarios also determined the influence on yield of making releases from Clanwilliam Dam to meet the EFs downstream of the Bulshoek Weir and at the estuary. Much of the focus of this was on meeting the requirements for maintaining a C category in the estuary (Table 4) and an E category at EF Site 2 (Table 7).
For the estuary, the Doring River, which contributes about 50% of the natural winter flow entering the estuary (Table 6), was used to supply the flood requirements and the bulk of the wet season low-flows. This was particularly valuable for Clanwilliam Dam, as it obviated the need to create a large outlet structure to release flood flows for the estuary (Sparks and Cullis, 2007). In the summer, a minimum inflow to the estuary of 1.5 m3/s was maintained. Historically the summer inflows to the estuary have been in the order of 2 m3/s, decreasing to 0.8 to 1 m3/s in severe droughts. The shortfall in the low-flows at the head of the estuary during times of drought was supplied by releases from either Clanwilliam Dam or the Bulshoek Weir.
For EF Site 2, the wet season flows were supplied by spillage, and inflow from the surrounding catchment. In the summer the low-flows were supplied by releases from either Clanwilliam Dam or the Bulshoek Weir.
Off-channel yields were determined for 4 scenarios, namely:
No EF releases
Releases from Bulshoek/Clanwilliam to meet 1.5 m3/s summer low-flows into the estuary
Releases from Bulshoek/Clanwilliam to meet the 'maintenance' EF summer low-flows at Site 2 (Table 7)
Releases to meet the full EF requirements at Site 2 (Table 7; Sparks and Cullis, 2007).
For each, the historic firm yield (HFY, i.e., never failed) and the yield at a 1:10 year assurance of supply was calculated. In the past, leakage from the Bulshoek Weir (which has since been repaired), and high transmission losses between Clanwilliam and Bulshoek, meant that the supply failed more frequently than once in 10 years. If Clanwilliam Dam is raised, the increased storage will allow for a carry-over from year to year which will be used in drought years (Sparks and Cullis, 2007), thus reducing the number of failures.
The resultant yields for each of the 4 scenarios are shown in (Sparks and Cullis, 2007). If Clanwilliam Dam is not raised, and no EF releases are made, the 1:10 assurance yield is 174 x 106 m3/a, and the HFY is 149 x 106 m3/a. This increases to 275 x 106 m3/a, with a HFY of 227 x 106 m3/a, if the dam is raised by 15 m. If a flow of 1.5 m3/s into the estuary is maintained through releases from Clanwilliam Dam during drought years, and the dam is not raised, then HFY for the system is reduced by about 16 x 106 m3/a to 133 x 106 m3/a. If the low-flow requirements at EF Site 2 are met and Clanwilliam Dam is raised by 5, 10 or 15 m the Dam capacity increases to 184, 264 and 362 x106 m3/a, respectively, resulting in HFYs of 165, 192 and 206 x 106 m3/a, respectively. Yields are lower if the full EF at Site 2 is met through releases from Clanwilliam Dam.
On the basis of these results, it was decided that if the dam is not raised and only dam safety work is undertaken then Scenario b, 1.5 m3/s at the estuary in drought years, should be implemented. Making these releases from Clanwilliam Dam would affect the HFY, but would not negatively affect yield at a 1:10 assurance of supply and thus the economic costs of implementing the Reserve would be limited. The remainder of the flows will be provided by the Doring River, and spills from Clanwilliam Dam and Bulshoek. This would necessitate a moratorium on bulk water resource developments in the Doring River.
If the dam is raised, Scenario c, releases from Bulshoek/Clanwilliam to meet the 'maintenance' EF summer low-flows at Site 2 and 1.5 m3/s at the estuary in drought years, was recommended for implementation. The remainder of the EF at Site 2 would be met by flow from the Jan Dissels River and spills at Clanwilliam Dam (Table 9).
Operationalising the Reserve
The assessments undertaken as part of the Clanwilliam Dam raising feasibility study were used to evaluate various approaches to implementing EFs in the basin and in so doing contribute to operationalising the ecological Reserve (DWAF, 1998).
Table 9 summaries the proposed approach, which was signed off by DWA, for operationalising the ecological Reserve for the Olifants River and its estuary, based on the notion of maximising the yield from the Olifants River.
The agricultural sector relies heavily on the water resources of the Olifants-Doring Basin, and is responsible for 95% of water use in the area. It also contributes approximately 45% of the economic output of the basin (Shippey and Van der Berg, 2004) and is the major source of jobs. The areas that are most suitable for agriculture and most extensively cultivated often experience shortages in meeting water demands, and there is a need for an improved assurance of supply for irrigated agriculture as well as the need to allocate water to resource-poor farmers in these areas.
In this setting, despite the clear and urgent need to provide some protection to the aquatic ecosystems that form the resource base on which the basin depends, the introduction of onerous EFs could have significant negative implications for the agricultural sector and for the socio-economic wellbeing of the basin as a whole, which could have knock-on negative impacts on the natural environment. Thus, there is an excellent chance that unnecessarily onerous EFs would do more harm than good.
There are, however, some options in the Olifants/Doring Basin for generating additional yield with relatively low environmental impact, presenting a rare opportunity to achieve a true balance between development and protection of the aquatic environment (Brown et al., 2006a). Of the scenarios considered, Scenario 5 offered the most economically- and ecologically-balanced configuration, based on maximising yield from the Clanwilliam Dam (possibly augmented by some off-channel farm dams in the upper reaches of the Doring River). Scenario 5 comprised raising Clanwilliam Dam by up to 15 m and meeting the full requirements for the recommended ecological Reserve at 5 of the 8 EF river sites, and at the estuary. The 3 sites where the full EFs would not be met are EF Site 2, downstream of Bulshoek Weir, and 2 extrapolated sites: EF Site 7, downstream of the confluence of the Olifants and Doring rivers and EF Site 8, between Clanwilliam Dam and Bulshoek Weir. Thus the general DWA policy guideline that all water resources should be managed in at least a Category D was not applied, as the benefit offered by the Doring River being left relatively untouched by water resource developments far outweighed those of 'forcing' the reach represented by EF Site 2 into a D category.
Under Scenario 5, the impacts on estuarine fisheries and nursery value are lowest, and thus so are the impacts on the livelihoods of small-scale fishers of Ebenhaeser, many of whom do not benefit from agriculture.
Provided that water resource developments are limited in the Doring River and it continues to provide the flood flows at the estuary, Scenario 5 also means that it is unnecessary to create large outlet capacity for a raised Clanwilliam Dam, as the outlet capacity required of Clanwilliam Dam is limited to that dictated by the EF requirements between Clanwilliam Dam and the confluence with the Doring River, i.e., approximately 20 m3/s. This, of course, affects the costs of raising the dam.
Here we have shown that small adjustments in the EF requirements that form the ecological Reserve can greatly enhance the possibility, and reduce the costs, of successful implementation.
Our thanks to the many scientists, decision-makers, managers and local people who were involved in the work described in this paper; it was our privilege to work with them.
Information is used with permission from the RSA Department of Water Affairs, Chief Directorates Resource Directed Measures, National Water Resource Planning and Options Analysis. The key staff and authors of the Comprehensive Reserve Determination Study of the Olifants/Doring Rivers, namely Southern Waters Ecological Research and Consulting cc, the CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, and Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd (now Aurecon), as well as all other contributing scientists, engineers and organisations, are specifically acknowledged.
This paper benefited greatly from comments by two anonymous reviewers, for which we thank them.
BESTER A, BRINK J, BEUKES J and RAMOKOPA W (2006). Feasibility Study for the Raising of Clanwilliam Dam, Feasibility Design of Raising Report. DWAF Report No. 20/2/E100-02/C/1/1. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa.
BROWN CA and JOUBERT A (2003) Using multicriteria analysis to develop environmental flow scenarios for rivers targeted for water resource development. Water SA 29 (4) 365-374. [ Links ]
BROWN CA, PEMBERTON C and MAGOBA RN (2006a) Olifants Doring Catchment Ecological Water Requirements Study, Final Summary Report. Prepared by Southern Waters Ecological Research and Consulting cc for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. DWAF Report No. RDM/E000/MSR/01/CON/0606. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. [ Links ]
BROWN C, PEMBERTON C, BIRKHEAD A, BOK A, BOUCHER C, DOLLAR E, HARDING W, KAMISH W, KING J, PAXTON B and RATCLIFFE S (2006b) In support of water-resources planning - highlighting key management issues using DRIFT: a case study. Water SA 32 (2) 181-191. [ Links ]
CAMBRAY JA, KING JA and BRUWER C (1997). Reproduction behaviour and early development of the Clanwilliam yellowfish (Barbus capensis: Cyprinidae), linked to experimental dam releases in the Olifants River, South Africa. Regul. Rivers Res. Manage. 13 579-602. [ Links ]
DOLLAR ESJ, NICOLSON CR, BROWN CA, TURPIE JK, JOUBERT AR, TURTON AR, GROBLER, DF and MANYAKA SM (2010) The development of the South African Water Resource Classification System (WRCS): a tool towards the sustainable, equitable and efficient use of water resources in a developing country. Water Polic. 12 479-499. [ Links ]
DE WET SJ (2007) Feasibility Study for the Raising of Clanwilliam Dam, Draft Water Management Plan for the Olifants-Doorn Catchment Management Area Report. Prepared by SJ de Wet Consulting Services for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. DWAF Report No. P WMA 17/E10/00/1207. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. [ Links ]
KAMISH W and ROSSOUW JN (2006) Feasibility Study for the Raising of Clanwilliam Dam, Draft Water Quality Report. Prepared by Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, DWAF Report No. PWMA 17/E10/00/0506. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. [ Links ]
KEMPTHORNE A, VAN DER MERWE B and ALLEMEIER J (2007) Feasibility Study for the Raising of Clanwilliam Dam, Draft Socioeconomic Impact Assessment Report. Prepared by Urban-Econ for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. DWAF Report No. P WMA 17/E10/00/1707. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. [ Links ]
KING JM, BROWN CA and SABET H (2003). A scenario-based holistic approach to environmental flow assessments for regulated rivers. Rivers Res. Appl. 19 (5-6) 619-640. [ Links ]
KING JM, CAMBRAY JA and IMPSON ND (1998) Linked effects of dam-released floods and water temperatures on spawning of the Clanwilliam yellowfish Barbus capensis. Hydrobiol. 384 245-265. [ Links ]
KLEYNHANS CJ (1996) A qualitative procedure for the assessment of the habitat integrity status of the Luvuvhu River (Limpopo system, South Africa). J. Aq. Ecosys. Health 5 41-54. [ Links ]
LOW AB, MUSTART P and VAN DER MERWE H (2004) Greater Cederberg Biodiversity Corridor: Provision of Biodiversity Profiles for Management. Coastal and environmental consultants report, prepared for The Project Management Unit, Greater Cederberg Biodiversity Corridor. [ Links ]
NWA (NATIONAL WATER ACT) (1998) Act No. 36 of 1998, Republic of South Africa. Government Gazette No. 19182. Government Printers. Pretoria. [ Links ]
PGWC (PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT WESTERN CAPE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE) (2003) Riverine Ecosystems Report. Prepared by Southern Waters Ecological Research and Consulting cc as part of Contract No. 259 - 2000/2001: Western Cape Olifants/Doring River Irrigation Study. [ Links ]
SKELTON PH, CAMBRAY JA, LOMBARD A and BENN GA (1995) Patterns of distribution and conservation status of freshwater fishes in southern Africa. S. Afr. J. Zool. 30 71-81. [ Links ]
SPARKS A and CULLIS J (2007) Feasibility Study for the Raising of Clanwilliam Dam, Draft System Analysis Report. Prepared by Ninham Shand for Department of Water Affairs and Forestry.. DWAF Report No. P WMA 17/E10/00/0607. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. [ Links ]
McKENZIE RS and VAN ROOYEN PG (1999) Water Resources Yield Model User Guide - Release 4.1.1. DWAF Report No. P0000/00/001/98. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa. 156 pp. [ Links ]
SHIPPEY K and VAN DER BERG E (2004) Olifants Doorn Water Management Area: Internal Strategic Perspective Report. Prepared by Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd. for Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. DWAF Report No. P WMA 17/000/00/0305. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria, South Africa. [ Links ]
TALJAARD S AND KEY SPECIALISTS (2006) Olifants Doring Catchment Ecological Water Requirements Study, RDM Report on Estuarine Component. Prepared by the CSIR for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. CSIR Report No. CSIR/NRE/ECO/ER/2006/0038A/C. CSIR, South Africa. [ Links ]
TURPIE J, ADAMS JB, JOUBERT A, HARRISON TD, COLLOTY BM, MAREE RC, WHITFIELD AK, WOOLDRIDGE TH, LAMBERTH SJ, TALJAARD S and VAN NIEKERK L (2002) Assessment of the conservation priority status of South African estuaries for use in management and water allocation. Water SA 28 191-206. [ Links ]
VAN DER BERG E and KILLICK M (2007) Feasibility Study for the Raising of Clanwilliam Dam, Draft Financial Evaluation Report. Prepared by Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. DWAF Report No. PWMA 17/E10/00/1807. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. [ Links ]
WEST A and LUGER M (2005) Feasibility Study for the Raising of Clanwilliam Dam, Draft Screening of Options Report. Prepared by Ninham Shand (Pty.) Ltd. for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. DWAF Report No. P WMA 17/E10/00/0405. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. [ Links ]
WEST A, SHIPPEY K and ZIMMERMANN N (2007) Feasibility Study for the Raising of Clanwilliam Dam, Draft Environmental Impact Report. Prepared by Ninham Shand (Pty) Ltd for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. DWAF Report No. P WMA17/E/10/00/0907. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. [ Links ]
Received 22 December 2009; accepted in revised form 14 July 2010.
* To whom all correspondence should be addressed. +2721-4653135; fax: +2721-4653901; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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BUDAPEST, Hungary — Doctors in Hungary are questioning the government's decision to lift some lockdown restrictions amid peaking COVID-19 infections and deaths, saying that could lead to an even more dire situation in the Central European nation.
Shops and services were allowed to reopen Wednesday after 2.5 million people received a first dose of a coronavirus vaccine, a benchmark the government set for when a gradual reopening could take place. Hungarian officials say the number of administered vaccines, rather than trends in infections and deaths, will determine the country's strategy for lifting its lockdown.
"Closures can only limit the spread of the virus. The government … decided weeks ago that any reopening measures would depend on the number of vaccinations," Prime Minister Viktor Orban's chief of staff, Gergely Gulyas, told reporters on Thursday.
Additional restrictions could be lifted within a week, he added, saying that more than 4 million in Hungary could receive a first vaccine dose by the end of the month.
Yet some in Hungary's medical community have criticized the reopening as premature and based on arbitrary criteria when new infections and virus deaths are soaring.
"They shouldn't measure the severity of the situation with (vaccination) numbers but with how overwhelmed the hospitals and intensive care wards are," Dr. Zsombor Kunetz told The Associated Press. "The government has now come up with its own metric that is not in line with the severity of the pandemic at the moment."
Hungary has had the worst death rate per 1 million inhabitants in the world in recent weeks, according to Johns Hopkins University, and has seen 22,681 deaths in the pandemic.
The lifting of restrictions on Wednesday — which included extending shopping hours and pushing the start of an overnight curfew back two hours — coincided with a new daily high of 311 deaths and followed a record number of fatalities last week.
The Hungarian Chamber of Doctors said the decision to lift restrictions had come "too early," and urged Hungarians to remain vigilant and avoid public areas despite the "false sense of security" provided by the economic easing.
Some doctors argued that using the number of vaccinations to guide reopening is a flawed strategy that could result in another deadly surge.
"In my opinion, this reopening was a rushed and completely wrong decision," said Dr. Zoltan Komaromi, a physician in the capital of Budapest. "This 2.5 million number is a complete surprise for us, because no epidemiological textbook or guideline says that vaccinating a quarter of the population comes with any kind of epidemiological results."
Komaromi, who is also a health spokesman for an opposition political party, said the government had used political considerations to guide its pandemic policies rather than scientific guidelines.
"That's why the last three or four measures have had no effect on slowing or reducing the pandemic. The curves are going up just as steeply," Komaromi said. "May God bless the Hungarians, so that as few people as possible die as a result (of these policies)."
Follow all of AP's pandemic coverage at https://apnews.com/hub/coronavirus-pandemic, https://apnews.com/hub/coronavirus-vaccine and https://apnews.com/UnderstandingtheOutbreak


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Last week my column was a parody of how Thomas Friedman writes about the global economy. Since then, I've learned that I was in error on a matter that shines some light on the worldview of the syndicated New York Times columnist and best-selling author.
"Let's face it -- at this point I'm a rich guy, and I work for a newspaper run by guys who are even richer than I am," the satirical version of Friedman said in my article. But actually, Friedman is not just "a rich guy."
Days ago I read a long feature story that appeared in the July issue of The Washingtonian magazine. It provides some background on the world of Thomas Friedman -- and the personal finances that have long smoothed his path.
Much of Friedman's emphasis in recent years has revolved around economic relations. He's been a strong supporter of "globalization": the international trade rules and government policies allowing corporations to function with legal prerogatives that routinely trump labor rights, environmental protection and economic justice.
"Globalization" is largely about relations between the rich and the poor -- and often that means the very rich and the very poor.
The lengthy profile of Friedman in The Washingtonian this summer had scant ink to spare for criticisms of Friedman's outlook -- which corporate media outlets frequently hail as brilliant. But the article did include a telling comment about him from the renowned economist Joseph Stiglitz, who said: "Participation in the new world requires resources, computers, education, and access to those is very unequally distributed. He has this high level of optimism that means that anyone can do it if they just have wills."
Stiglitz, a winner of the Nobel Prize in economics, added that Friedman has understated the impacts of "some of the forces of inequality." And Stiglitz pointed out that "globalization inherently increases the inequalities in developing countries."
Friedman's great wealth is a frame for his window on the world. The Washingtonian reports that "his annual income easily reaches seven figures." In the Maryland suburbs near Washington, three years ago, "the Friedmans built a palatial 11,400-square-foot house, now valued at $9.3 million," on a parcel of more than seven acres near Bethesda Country Club and the Beltway.
Throughout his journalistic career, Friedman has been married to Ann Bucksbaum -- heiress to a real-estate and shopping-mall fortune now estimated at $2.7 billion. When the couple wed back in 1978, according to The Washingtonian article, Friedman became part of "one of the 100 richest families in the country."
Does Friedman's astronomical wealth invalidate what he writes? Of course not. But information about the extent of his wealth -- while not disclosed to readers of his columns and books -- provides context for how he is accustomed to moving through the world. And his outsized economic privileges become especially relevant when we consider that he's inclined to be glib and even flip as he advocates policies that give very low priority to reducing economic inequality.
Supposedly rigorous about facts and ideas, Friedman has prostituted his intellect. During a CNBC interview with Tim Russert in late July, the acclaimed savant made a notable confession: "We got this free market, and I admit, I was speaking out in Minnesota -- my hometown, in fact -- and guy stood up in the audience, said, 'Mr. Friedman, is there any free trade agreement you'd oppose?' I said, 'No, absolutely not.' I said, 'You know what, sir? I wrote a column supporting the CAFTA, the Caribbean Free Trade initiative. I didn't even know what was in it. I just knew two words: free trade.'"
Friedman went on: "Why am I so obsessive about that? Because it is a free, open, flexible economy that means you really gotta compete, but that you really can compete and you can really be quick in responding. That, Tim, is the most important asset we have."
Tim Russert didn't bother to pursue the fact that one of the nation's leading journalists had just said that he fervently advocated for a major trade agreement without knowing what was in it. "But beyond Russert's negligence," David Sirota wrote at the time, "what's truly astonishing is that Tom Friedman, the person who the media most relies on to interpret trade policy, now publicly runs around admitting he actually knows nothing at all about the trade pacts he pushes in his New York Times column."
It's reasonable to ask whether Friedman -- perhaps the richest journalist in the United States -- might be less zealously evangelical for "globalization" if he hadn't been so wealthy for the last quarter of a century. Meanwhile, it's worth noting that the corporate forces avidly promoting his analysis of economic options are reaping massive profits from the systems of trade and commerce that he champions.
"Thomas Friedman is arguably the world's most influential and popular foreign-policy thinker," The Washingtonian reported. If so, he may be a prime example of the unfortunate effects of "globalization."


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Read the full story here Web Link posted Thursday, June 13, 2013, 8:54 AM
Town Square
Editorial: Gap year -- a Year of Living Adventurously
Original post made on Jun 13, 2013
Read the full story here Web Link posted Thursday, June 13, 2013, 8:54 AM
Comments (3)
a resident of Portola Valley: Ladera
on Jun 13, 2013 at 12:15 pm
Great story and would love to learn more. Did these students get accepted to college in their senior years and then defer their start date to a year later? Or did they have to apply to college during their gap year? Can athletes do this or is it best for athletes to go straight in?
a resident of Atherton: West Atherton
on Jun 13, 2013 at 12:33 pm
Great question that wasn't discussed in the article. The students we know who have taken a Gap Year have all followed the traditional route of applying and getting accepted to a college. They then request a deferment from the college -- something most schools are happy to allow. Our child just finished up their Gap Year and it was transforming. As parents, we could not recommend it more highly. We cannot speak to your question on athletes as this didn't pertain to our child.
a resident of another community
on Jun 14, 2013 at 11:06 am
Typically, the best approach is to apply to college, get accepted, and defer ... above all, be honest with your admissions team if you're thinking about taking a Gap Year. There's a growing list of deferral policies (along with the financial aid deferral policies) and data and benefits about Gap Years that are on the americangap website ...
The question about athletes is a tricky one, and in my experience those students are far more pressed to do a Gap Year as scholarships for athletics don't often translate. However, I love the article's quote about real education lighting a fire rather than filling a bucket. If athletics turns into a career then fantastic, but for the majority of students lighting that fire will be key to their success.
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(JTA) — Scientific American magazine satirized claims in a Turkish children's book that Charles Darwin was Jewish.
The Jan. 8 article was written in response to reports in October about a series of books aimed at Turkish schoolchildren that describe Darwin as a hook-nosed Jew who kept the company of monkeys.
The books sparked outrage in Turkey and protests from Turkish teachers. The Istanbul-area school district that distributed the books later claimed it was not aware of their content.
In the online article, Steve Mirsky writes that the "Judaic background" of Darwin, who studied to be a priest at Cambridge's Christ's College, is "common knowledge in the Jewish community" but "seems to be a shock to many non-Jews."
Mirsky added that this background influenced the writing of Darwin, who first described biological evolution through natural selection with scientific rigor in his book "On the Origin of Species."
The manuscript, Mirsky wrote, was originally titled "L'Chaim: The Whole Megillah."
The official website of Darwin Day, an international organization that celebrates Darwin's heritage, says his parents are buried at Montford Parish Church. His mother belonged to the Christian Unitarian theological stream and took him as a young child with her to the Unitarian Church.
Darwin, who died in 1882 at the age of 73, was married to Emma Darwin, a devout Christian.


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A Summary of Christian Faith and Practice Confirmed by References to the Text of Holy Scripture: Compared with the Liturgy, Articles, and Homilies of the Church of England ...
F.C. & J. Rivington, 1822
Selected pages
Common terms and phrases
according Acts adultery affections answer bear believe blessed body called cause charity Christian Church Commandment commit covetousness creature death Decalogue desire Deut divine doth duty earth evil faith false Father fear flesh give given glory God's godly gods grace hands hast hath hear heart heaven holy honour husband Israel Jesus Christ John judge judgment keep kill kind king kingdom land live Lord thy lusts Mast Master Matt means ment mind ministers mother mouth nature neighbour obey offend ourselves parents perfect persons praise pray Prayer promise Prov Psal punishment receive riches righteousness sabbath saith Scho servants serve shew sins soul speak Spirit surely tables teach thee thine things Thou shalt thoughts thyself tion tongue true trust truth unto Wherefore whole wife witness worship
Popular passages
Page 114 - Lord thine oaths : but I say unto you, Swear not at all : neither by heaven ; for it is God's throne : nor by the earth ; for it is his footstool : neither by Jerusalem ; for it is the city of the great King : neither shalt thou swear by thy head ; because thou canst not make one hair white or black : but let your communication be Yea, yea ; Nay, nay : for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil.
Page 492 - But this I say, brethren, the time is short: it remaineth, that both they that have wives be as though they had none; And they that weep, as though they wept not; and they that rejoice, as though they rejoiced not; and they that buy, as though they possessed not; And they that use this world, as not abusing it: for the fashion of this world passeth away.
Page 327 - But I say unto you, That every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned.
Page 17 - ... but Christ being come, an high priest of good things to come, by a greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this building ; neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us.
Page 508 - Then cometh the end, when he shall have delivered up the kingdom to God, even the Father; when he shall have put down all rule and all authority and power. For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet. The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.
Page 491 - Now the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden : but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die.
Page 261 - For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections : for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature : and likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another ; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompense of their error which was meet.
Page 366 - Furthermore, we have had fathers of our flesh, which corrected us, and we gave them reverence : shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits, and live ? For they verily for a few days chastened us after their own pleasure; but he for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness.
Page 115 - Wherefore if ye be dead with Christ from the rudiments of the world, why, as though living in the world, are ye subject to ordinances ? touch not, taste not, handle not ; which all are to perish with the using, after the commandments and doctrines of men. Which things have indeed a shew of wisdom in will-worship and humility, and neglecting of the body, not in any honour to the satisfying of the flesh.
Page 192 - And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and they that exercise authority upon them are called benefactors. But ye shall not be so: but he that is greatest among you, let him be as the younger; and he that is chief, as he that doth serve.


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