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Last updated: 1 July 2023
What type of plugs and sockets are used in Qatar?
When you are going on a trip to Qatar, be sure to pack the appropriate travel plug adapter that fits the local sockets. But what do those electrical outlets look like? In Qatar, type G plugs and sockets are the official standard. Like the rest of the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar has standardized on the British plug and outlet system.
Type G
- mainly used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malaysia, Singapore & the Arabian Peninsula
- 3 pins
- grounded
- socket compatible with plug type G
What is the mains voltage in Qatar?
Just like the rest of the Middle East, the voltage in Qatar is 230 volts and the frequency is 50 Hz.
230 V ~ 50 Hz
Background information
Type G plugs and sockets started appearing in Britain in 1946 and the standard was first published in 1947. By the end of the 1950s, it had replaced the earlier type D and type M outlets (BS 546) in new installations in the UK, and by the end of the 1960s, most earlier installations had been rewired to the new standard.
Almost all of the UK's former colonies have adopted one of Britain's plug and socket standards: either the obsolete types D and/or M, or the current type G. In many cases, the countries that became independent before the introduction of the type G standard (e.g. India, Nepal, South Africa, Namibia) still use types D or M. The ones that gained their independence after 1947 (e.g. Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Kenya) were already using the type G standard and of course they simply kept the system.
Type G wall sockets almost always include switches for extra safety. UK plugs are no doubt among the safest in the world, but also among the most hulking and cumbersome. That's why people often make fun of them saying that a British plug is mostly bigger than the appliance it is connected to… Moreover, the bottom-heavy design of the plug makes it a perfect caltrop.
The type G standard requires use of a three-wire grounded and fused plug for all connections to the power mains. Two-wire appliances are not earthed, but they have a plastic grounding pin which only serves to open the shutters of the outlet. The lack of such an earth pin on a type C plug makes it impossible to connect it to a type G receptacle, although it can actually be forced into the socket by sticking a pointy object into the centre hole of the power outlet, which opens up the two other holes. Just to be perfectly clear, this is not a piece of advice; it's simply an observation…
Click here for a global map showing the spread of the different plug types used around the world.
Click here for a detailed list of the countries of the world with their respective plug and outlet types, voltage and frequency.


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Kevlar® brand
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subset: commoncrawl


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Carbon results for driftime.media
Hurrah! This web page is cleaner than 0 % of web pages tested
Only 0.0 g of CO2 is produced every time someone visits this web page.
Oh no, it looks like this web page uses bog standard energy If this site used green hosting, then it would emit 9% less CO2
Over a year, with 10,000 monthly page views, produces
kg of CO2 equivalent.
The same weight as sumo wrestlers and as much CO2 as boiling water for cups of tea
Woah, that's a lot of bubbles!
This web page emits the amount of carbon that trees absorb in a year.
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That's enough electricity to drive an electric car km.
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Last updated on February 14, 2023
Pat Metheny on Kenny G – Source JazzOasis.com
Pat, could you tell us your opinion about Kenny G – it appears you were quoted as being less than enthusiastic about him and his music. I would say that most of the serious music listeners in the world would not find your opinion surprising or unlikely – but you were vocal about it for the first time. You are generally supportive of other musicians it seems.
Pat's Answer:
Kenny G is not a musician I really had much of an opinion about at all until recently. There was not much about the way he played that interested me one way or the other either live or on records.
I first heard him a number of years ago playing as a sideman with Jeff Lorber when they opened a concert for my band. My impression was that he was someone who had spent a fair amount of time listening to the more pop oriented sax players of that time, like Grover Washington or David Sanborn, but was not really an advanced player, even in that style. He had major rhythmic problems and his harmonic and melodic vocabulary was extremely limited, mostly to pentatonic based and blues-lick derived patterns, and he basically exhibited only a rudimentary understanding of how to function as a professional soloist in an ensemble – Lorber was basically playing him off the bandstand in terms of actual music.
But he did show a knack for connecting to the basest impulses of the large crowd by deploying his two or three most effective licks (holding long notes and playing fast runs – never mind that there were lots of harmonic clams in them) at the key moments to elicit a powerful crowd reaction (over and over again). The other main thing I noticed was that he also, as he does to this day, played horribly out of tune – consistently sharp.
Of course, I am aware of what he has played since, the success it has had, and the controversy that has surrounded him among musicians and serious listeners. This controversy seems to be largely fueled by the fact that he sells an enormous amount of records while not being anywhere near a really great player in relation to the standards that have been set on his instrument over the past sixty or seventy years. And honestly, there is no small amount of envy involved from musicians who see one of their fellow players doing so well financially, especially when so many of them who are far superior as improvisors and musicians in general have trouble just making a living. There must be hundreds, if not thousands of sax players around the world who are simply better improvising musicians than Kenny G on his chosen instruments. It would really surprise me if even he disagreed with that statement.
Having said that, it has gotten me to thinking lately why so many jazz musicians (myself included, given the right "bait" of a question, as I will explain later) and audiences have gone so far as to say that what he is playing is not even jazz at all. Stepping back for a minute, if we examine the way he plays, especially if one can remove the actual improvising from the often mundane background environment that it is delivered in, we see that his saxophone style is in fact clearly in the tradition of the kind of playing that most reasonably objective listeners WOULD normally quantify as being jazz. It's just that as jazz or even as music in a general sense, with these standards in mind, it is simply not up to the level of playing that we historically associate with professional improvising musicians. So, lately I have been advocating that we go ahead and just include it under the word jazz – since pretty much of the rest of the world OUTSIDE of the jazz community does anyway – and let the chips fall where they may.
And after all, why he should be judged by any other standard, why he should be exempt from that that all other serious musicians on his instrument are judged by if they attempt to use their abilities in an improvisational context playing with a rhythm section as he does? He SHOULD be compared to John Coltrane or Wayne Shorter, for instance, on his abilities (or lack thereof) to play the soprano saxophone and his success (or lack thereof) at finding a way to deploy that instrument in an ensemble in order to accurately gauge his abilities and put them in the context of his instrument's legacy and potential.
As a composer of even eighth note based music, he SHOULD be compared to Herbie Hancock, Horace Silver or even Grover Washington. Suffice it to say, on all above counts, at this point in his development, he wouldn't fare well.
But, like I said at the top, this relatively benign view was all "until recently".
Not long ago, Kenny G put out a recording where he overdubbed himself on top of a 30+ year old Louis Armstrong record, the track "What a Wonderful World". With this single move, Kenny G became one of the few people on earth I can say that I really can't use at all – as a man, for his incredible arrogance to even consider such a thing, and as a musician, for presuming to share the stage with the single most important figure in our music.
This type of musical necrophilia – the technique of overdubbing on the preexisting tracks of already dead performers – was weird when Natalie Cole did it with her dad on "Unforgettable" a few years ago, but it was her dad. When Tony Bennett did it with Billie Holiday it was bizarre, but we are talking about two of the greatest singers of the 20th century who were on roughly the same level of artistic accomplishment. When Larry Coryell presumed to overdub himself on top of a Wes Montgomery track, I lost a lot of the respect that I ever had for him – and I have to seriously question the fact that I did have respect for someone who could turn out to have such unbelievably bad taste and be that disrespectful to one of my personal heroes.
But when Kenny G decided that it was appropriate for him to defile the music of the man who is probably the greatest jazz musician that has ever lived by spewing his lame-ass, jive, pseudo bluesy, out-of-tune, noodling, wimped out, fucked up playing all over one of the great Louis's tracks (even one of his lesser ones), he did something that I would not have imagined possible. He, in one move, through his unbelievably pretentious and calloused musical decision to embark on this most cynical of musical paths, shit all over the graves of all the musicians past and present who have risked their lives by going out there on the road for years and years developing their own music inspired by the standards of grace that Louis Armstrong brought to every single note he played over an amazing lifetime as a musician. By disrespecting Louis, his legacy and by default, everyone who has ever tried to do something positive with improvised music and what it can be, Kenny G has created a new low point in modern culture – something that we all should be totally embarrassed about – and afraid of. We ignore this, "let it slide", at our own peril.
His callous disregard for the larger issues of what this crass gesture implies is exacerbated by the fact that the only reason he possibly have for doing something this inherently wrong (on both human and musical terms) was for the record sales and the money it would bring.
Since that record came out – in protest, as insignificant as it may be, I encourage everyone to boycott Kenny G recordings, concerts and anything he is associated with. If asked about Kenny G, I will diss him and his music with the same passion that is in evidence in this little essay.
Normally, I feel that musicians all have a hard enough time, regardless of their level, just trying to play good and don't really benefit from public criticism, particularly from their fellow players. but, this is different.
There ARE some things that are sacred – and amongst any musician that has ever attempted to address jazz at even the most basic of levels, Louis Armstrong and his music is hallowed ground. To ignore this trespass is to agree that NOTHING any musician has attempted to do with their life in music has any intrinsic value – and I refuse to do that. (I am also amazed that there HASN'T already been an outcry against this among music critics – where ARE they on this?????!?!?!?!, magazines, etc.). Everything I said here is exactly the same as what I would say to Gorelick if I ever saw him in person. and if I ever DO see him anywhere, at any function – he WILL get a piece of my mind and (maybe a guitar wrapped around his head.)
NOTE: this post is partially in response to the comments that people have made regarding a short video interview excerpt with me that was posted on the internet taken from a tv show for young people (kind of like MTV)in poland where i was asked to address 8 to 11 year old kids on terms that they could understand about jazz. while enthusiastically describing the virtues of this great area of music, i was encouraging the kids to find and listen to some of the greats in the music and not to get confused by the sometimes overwhelming volume of music that falls under the jazz umbrella. i went on to say that i think that for instance, kenny g plays the dumbest music on the planet – something that all 8 to 11 year kids on the planet already intrinsically know, as anyone who has ever spent any time around kids that age could confirm – so it gave us some common ground for the rest of the discussion. (ADDENDUM: the only thing wrong with the statement that i made was that i did not include the rest of the known universe.) the fact that this clip was released so far out of the context that it was delivered in is a drag, but it is now done. (its unauthorized release out of context like that is symptomatic of the new electronically interconnected culture that we now live in – where pretty much anything anyone anywhere has ever said or done has the potential to become common public property at any time.) i was surprised by the polish people putting this clip up so far away from the use that it was intended -really just for the attention – with no explanation of the show it was made for – they (the polish people in general) used to be so hip and would have been unlikely candidates to do something like that before, but i guess everything is changing there like it is everywhere else. the only other thing that surprised me in the aftermath of the release of this little interview is that ANYONE would be even a little bit surprised that i would say such a thing, given the reality of mr. gs music. this makes me want to go practice about 10 times harder, because that suggests to me that i am not getting my own musical message across clearly enough – which to me, in every single way and intention is diametrically opposed to what Kenny G seems to be after.


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Arizona Wildcat spring practice began Monday, so it was just a matter of time before we got our first "Arizona football players arrested" story. And here it is!
It began with a house party late last Thursday night, and from the football team, only cornerback Jared Tevis was invited. But Tevis brought four teammates, who were politely asked to leave. According to the police report,
one of the men responded by shoving one of the women backwards. The man was later identified as former safety Joshua Robbins. After being shoved, the resident slapped Robbins, who then proceeded to punch her in the face - starting a brawl between the football players and members of the party.
The players left after the brawl, but before leaving said, "We will be back with our homies." A short time later, the players returned "in a group of between 10 and 30," and a man later identified as sophomore offensive tackle Fabbians Ebbele forcibly entered the home and "began punching everybody he could reach."
People at the party told officers the UA players entered the home and began assaulting male members of the party while several women attempted to stop another fight from happening. One woman was pushed up against the wall by Robbins. Robbins continued to push other female guests and residents.
Members of the party identified Grandon after he "punched a female guest in her face with a closed fist and began punching other females in the face."
Police arrived to find six players speeding away in an SUV, being chased by screaming women, which, honestly, sounds pretty par for the course on a Thursday night in Tucson. When all was said and done, four players were arrested, not including Robbins, so more charges could still be in the mix.
Four football players arrested after party brawl [Daily Wildcat]


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Into The New Millennium
Trailblazing Tales from Analog Science Fiction and Fact, 2000-2010
- $5.99
- $5.99
Publisher Description
From a misty beach in Massachusetts to worlds both distant and alien, some of the best writers in science fiction—some old favorites like Robert J. Sawyer and Stephen Baxter, some up-and-coming—explore some of the many places our future may take us. You'll find problems we face right now, as in Edward M. Lerner's "The Night of the RFIDs" and Richard A. Lovett's "Tiny Berries"; and others that may (or may not?) be much farther down the road, like the very alien viewpoints in Juliette Wade's "Cold Words" and Carl Frederick's "The Universe Beneath Our Feet." You'll find engaging characters like the very young extraterrestrial with a critical mission (in the White House) and an unforgiving deadline in David D. Levine's "Pupa," and the retired astronaut with Alzheimer's who must remotely salvage a Moon mission in Marianne J. Dyson's "Fly Me to the Moon." All are guaranteed to entertain and to make you think in ways you've never thought before.


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Michael Del Ray Takes Daddy Manuel Skye's Thick Daddy Dick Bareback
We have a really special new release from Missionary Boys to share with you today. Missionary Boys (formally called Mormon Boyz — apparently the real Mormon church had an issue with them using their name) always has some of the hottest daddy/son fetish gay sex that you will find anywhere. Michael Del Ray is a sexy motherfucker who has done a few Mormon Boyz videos a while ago finally returns to the "flock" for another hot video. He is paired up with Manuel Skye, a really hot daddy with an insanely thick cock that will seriously make your mouth water. The video starts with the two guys embracing in some passionate kissing as the two take their clothes off. Manuel pops out his thick dick and Michael drops to his knees to suck on that thick daddy cock. He literally has to open his mouth as wide as he can to take that huge cock down his throat. After some cock sucking, Michael lays on the desk and rides Manuel's huge cock. He bounces up and down on it like a real pro. Michael then backs his ass up into Manuel's face to get his ass eaten while he gets some more of that daddy dick down his throat after it's been in his ass. Next, Michael lays on the table with his legs in the air for some more of that thick daddy dick up his ass. He's jerking his own big dick while getting fucked and eventually gets the cum fucked right out of him. Manuel then pulls out and shoots his thick load of daddy cum all over Michael's jizz covered cock. Fuck yeah!


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"People are becoming more aware of their health, and we've created a drink that matches their lifestyle. Herbal Mist is unique in that it has a mainstream premium taste.�
[Business News]
There's a revolution taking place, and it's changing the face of cold-beverage shelves across the nation. People are searching for a drink that's more sophisticated than traditional sodas.
Many are looking for something refreshing to drink that provides health benefits. In years past, finding a healthy and delicious bottled drink was no easy feat. Today, however, new options are appearing that are definitely something to get excited about.
"The beverage industry hasn't done a great job, up to now, of providing the more health-conscious consumer with a great bottled drink," explains Doni Freundlich, president of ABF Beverage, located in Cedarhurst, New York. "People are becoming more aware of their health, and we've created a drink that matches their lifestyle. Herbal Mist is unique in that it has a mainstream premium taste."
ABF Beverage is the creator of Herbal Mist (http://drinkherbal.com), a popular new line of all-natural premium sweetened iced teas that are infused with healthful herbs. Herbal Mist, which features six flavors, is sweetened with natural cane sugar, as opposed to the unhealthy high-fructose corn syrup so many drinks rely upon today. High-fructose corn syrup, according to the Mayo Clinic, has been linked to such adverse health effects as diabetes and high cholesterol. Additionally, some experts believe that it has a lot to do with the current obesity epidemic.
Herbal Mist beverages are also infused with Yerba mate, a popular South American herb. According to the Yerba Mate Association of the Americas, it provides many health benefits, such as antioxidants, that aid in mental clarity, enhanced immune system functions, weight control and proper digestion.
"People want a great tasting healthy drink," adds Freundlich. "From all the feedback we have been getting, it's clear that we've succeeded in providing that."
To comment or to subscribe to or advertise in New York's leading Pan African weekly investigative newspaper, or to send us a news tip, please call (212) 481-7745 or send a note to [email protected]
Also visit out sister publications Harlem Business News www.harlembusinessnews.com and The Groove music magazine at www.thegroovemag.com
"Speaking Truth To Empower."


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I don't know how accurate it is to say Senator Barack Obama is a Mac to Senator John McCain's PC, but those convinced of this premise will either delight in or scorn the fact that the Obama for America campaign has presented a free iPhone and iPod touch-compatible application called Obama '08 [iTunes URL] for supporters to use.
Having browsed the application myself, I can tell you that the experience is commendable. The 1MB download is thoroughly polished, and covers nearly everything its larger relative, BarackObama.com has to offer. Technically speaking, the development is appreciable.
Though it does not harbor a connection to the social network My.BarackObama.com, the application is, design-wise, very much in line with the campaign website. No question about that. But how it functions is far more noteworthy. If you wish to read news highlighted by campaign operatives, you can do so, with the option to specify a national or local view. If you want to browse photos and videos, you may. Events are posted, too, and the campaign's stated issues and its positions on those issues are noted in full. (Nearly all of these items can be emailed at will.)
You can also sign up to receive email and/or SMS notifications, and call anyone within your phone's contact list, with each noted as "have not called" until you connect with them. This is obviously meant to increase outreach. (Placing calls is of course not possible with an iPod touch.)
Digging into the menu is easy enough. There's really no trouble to be had with navigation. You can never go deep enough to get lost, to be honest. Which is just as well, because it's an application for a political campaign, after all. There's only so much a user can do given the matter at hand.
Nonetheless, there are some issues to be had. Browsing media isn't handled the best way possible. For one, it would of course be a great convenience to see video playback within the application itself, but interacting with titles simply brings you out of the Obama '08 application and over to the device's YouTube application. This wouldn't be something to nitpick over, but when you do venture out of the latter piece of software and back to the Obama '08 application, you're shown the start page once more, not the menu of videos from where you originally departed.
On the photography side of things, the supply of images is all but useless. Not because the content or presentation of individual photos doesn't satisfy, but rather because the sheer number that is uploaded on any given day hardly makes it worth your while. The menu only allows for twenty images to be viewed, and my own time spent with the application today has shown nothing but photos titled "YouthVoteSurrogatePic…." This is not something to enjoy with any measure of frequency, that's for sure.
Be that as it may, visual media is not the main draw here. It's more about what the campaign is doing now and in the next few weeks leading up to Election Day, not a compendium of the last year and a half of canvassing that's been done. For that, it will likely suffice for most users. You might not enjoy having a 'Donate' button that simply shows a translucent pop-up asking you to connect by phone to a campaign representative. Nor will some users like that you can only call contacts, and not send them email or SMS messages. Still, it is for the most part a solid collection of information pertaining to the Democratic ticket, making it enough of a download for iPhone-wielding Obama supporters to draw interest in.
Related Articles at Mashable | All That's New on the Web:
Obama on LinkedIn
Make Your Own Obama Logo, With Your Face
World's Simplest iPhone App
Obama Does the Twitter
Guiliani's Own Daughter Shows Support for Obama on Facebook
AirBed & Breakfast: For Obama's Sake, Skip the Hotels


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Martin Lewis reminds millions of UK parents with kids in school how they could be eligible for £500 payments
Millions of UK parents with children in school could be eligible for £500 payments, Martin Lewis has said.
The Money Saving Expert has issued an important reminder that parents on low incomes could claim financial support in the event their child is sent home from school due to Covid.
£500 payments
Mr Lewis said that in the event children are sent home from school due to a pupil in their class testing positive for Covid-19, parents may be able to claim a £500 payment.
The payment is to help support those on low incomes, or claiming benefits, who are left unable to work due to childcare.
Writing on Twitter, the financial adviser said: "Spread word. Many children are being sent home by school due to someone in class / year group bubble testing +ve for Covid.
"If so, and you then can't work due to needing to be home with them, this (not just NHS test & trace) can trigger the £500 payment for those on low incomes."
The £500 payment is known as the Test and Trace Support Payment, which is available to some on low incomes in the event they have to self-isolate due to Covid-19.
Government guidance states: "You may be eligible if you are employed or self-employed, cannot work from home, and will lose income as a result.
"You can only apply if you've been told to self-isolate by NHS Test and Trace, notified to self-isolate by the NHS COVID-19 app, or you're the parent or guardian of a child who has been told to self-isolate."
The payment is only available to people in England and can be claimed via the government website.
Parents must submit the claim within 42 days of their child's first day of self-isolation.
Those who do not live in England may be eligible to claim for the self-isolation support scheme in Wales, the self-isolation support grant in Scotland or support in Northern Ireland.
Who is eligible for the payment?
Parents or guardians of children who have been told to self-isolate may be able to claim the payment if they are forced to take time off work to look after them.
To be eligible, the children must:
- be aged 15 or under, or 25 or under if they have an Education, Health and Care plan (EHC)
- live with you
- normally be at school or in childcare
- have been told to self-isolate by NHS Test and Trace or their school or childcare provider
You will need to meet the other eligibility criteria and must provide evidence that your child has been told to self-isolate.
Self isolation rules could be scrapped
Mr Lewis' reminder comes as school isolation rules in England are considering being scrapped this autumn, following concerns about the rising number of pupils who have been forced to quarantine because they are the contacts of confirmed cases.
The Department for Education said ministers have written to secondary schools asking them to prepare to potentially replace isolation rules with testing.
A spokesman said: "We are provisionally asking secondary schools and colleges to prepare to offer on-site testing when students return for the new academic year, so that schools are ready in case it is needed to keep as many children as possible in face-to-face education.
"We will provide further details about the approach to protective measures and test and trace in education from September in due course."


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of Jurisprudence, Princeton University
This engaging, irreverent, and most unusual memoir by Trenton attorney John Hartmann puts a human face on dysfunctional Jersey justice. Hartmann's self-deprecating wit and keen eye for all things absurd and ironic reveal him as an equal-opportunity ridiculer—from supercilious lawyers and judges to cocky cops, clueless clients, pretentious politicians, and a raft of hapless dealers, deadbeats, prisoners, and prostitutes.
Central to Jacket is the story of Hartmann's client Nate Smith—wrongly identified in a robbery and locked up for a crime he probably didn't commit. As Hartmann recalls Nate's case, he dishes out amusing anecdotes, shares Garden State trivia, admits to various personal quirks and shortcomings, and offers a treasure trove of advice on how to start a legal practice, prepare clients for trial, cross examine witnesses, pick juries, and make prison hooch.
Jacket is a must-read for aspiring lawyers, lawbreakers, and Law and Order fans. (And, of course, for all you practicing New Jersey criminal defense attorneys out there.)
who acquitted Michael Jackson
2012 216 pp/softbound
Ebook Editions: Amazon Kindle | B&N Nook | Kobo


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We've been following Plastic Logic's potential Kindle-killing e-reader device this week, and the guys over at TGDaily are adding to the intrigue with video of it. Speaking with a company rep, they found out that the device is less than 7mm thin and charges/connects to PCs with a miniUSB connector.Meanwhile its Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connections, also used for downloading data to the device, can act as a document-sharing pathway—the sort of thing that'd be damn useful in company meeting scenarios. Better yet, it will let you annotate PDFs using its touchscreen and save out a new file automatically. These tally with the company's projected market of "mobile business professionals," though it sounds like crossword-fan newspaper readers would still get their kicks on e-newspapers on the device. Check out the video at the TGDaily link. [TGDaily]
We may earn a commission from links on this page.
Meet Microsoft's New Surface Laptops


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Five days after George Zimmerman was arrested and charged with the murder of Trayvon Martin, the criminal case against him is already tied up in knots.
On Monday afternoon, Zimmerman's lawyers filed a motion asking the trial judge, Jessica Recksiedler, to remove herself from the case due to an alleged conflict of interest. But the contents of that motion are not available from the court, because of a separate judge's decision last Thursday—the day after Zimmerman's arrest—to seal virtually every record in the court docket.
At Zimmerman's first hearing, on April 12, Judge Mark E. Herr ruled that "any documents filed after the probable-cause affidavit are to be sealed." Mark O'Mara, Zimmerman's lawyer, had requested the ruling, and it was accepted without objection at the time.
But on Monday, attorneys for a consortium of media outlets—including The New York Times, the Associated Press, CNN and McClatchy—filed a nine-page motion opposing the sealing order, but even that motion itself appeared to be sealed. (Newsweek and The Daily Beast were not a part of the consortium.) Reporters seeking copies from the Seminole County court clerk were turned down on account of the order.
The five-story criminal court building is just down the road from the large detention center where Zimmerman is currently being held in Sanford.
The Daily Beast obtained the media consortium's motion to unseal the documents from Holland & Knight, the law firm for the consortium. The motion argues that Zimmerman "must show that the release of such additional information will deprive him of his right to a fair trial, which is a showing he cannot make."
Scott Ponce, a Holland & Knight partner, said it is not unprecedented to seal a docket, but that it is unusual to do it without giving the public or the media a chance to weigh in. "For an initial hearing," Ponce said, "for a judge to seal something, having not seen the records, and just say, 'We are going to seal the records,' is unusual."
A spokeswoman for Angela Corey, the state attorney for the Jacksonville area who is serving as the special prosecutor in the case, declined to comment on the sealed records today, saying, "We will argue the issue in court." Mr. O'Mara's office did not return repeated calls.
A more pressing issue than the secrecy, at least for moving the case forward, will be for officials to figure out which judge oversees the case. Judge Jessica Recksiedler, who was assigned last week, soon disclosed a possible conflict of interest: her husband is a law partner with a lawyer who commented on the case on television. On Friday, Zimmerman's defense lawyer, Mark O'Mara, announced he would ask for her recusal.
Ponce acknowledged that the motion to unseal the case documents will have to wait until the question of the judge's recusal is resolved. "I would think they want to get the recusal motion settled before everything," he said.
As of Monday afternoon the state attorney's office had said that a bond hearing would take place on Friday, but court officials don't currently have the hearing listed and it is unclear what the recusal motion will mean for the hearing.
Confusion in high-profile cases is nothing new, say local legal experts.
"A good rule of thumb is the more serious the charge and the higher the public interest in terms of media, the more surreal a case gets," said Professor George R. Dekle of the University of Florida Levin College of Law. "I don't know if it's a law of nature, but it's my experience."


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Are the needs of a man driving a Lexus the same as a man living across the globe who will never own a car? How about the needs of a family who can't afford bread? How do their needs compare with broken families who eat in separate houses?
You can also view the Understanding One Another's Needs video on YouTube.


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"Boogie Rock" delivers energetic electric guitar riffing with an indie party rock vibe. It evokes feelings of being care free and excitement that emphasizes the overall structure. With the natural feel and timbre of acoustic drums fully open this also helps with the anticipation and vibe. This cool track rockin song will serve the smallest project to a your large presentation.
Thank you for the purchase!


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We are at the beach this week and even though there was a point when we were trying to pile the toddler, his 55 favorite toys including a full-sized tricycle, me, my 25 kitchen necessities including, apparently, a meat thermometer and the serrated peeler one of you told me about a few weeks ago that I now can't live without, the beach towels, blankets, umbrellas, sandcastle-shaped bucket, toddler bed bars, a box of groceries and my husband (happy anniversary, baby!) in our little car that we thought we should really just stay home instead, it wasn't long into our drive onto the North Fork, passing miles of farms, leave-your-money-in-the-box roadside blackberry stands, dilapidated barns, impeccably kept houses, and more grape vines than you could count in your lifetime that we were unwaveringly certain we were back where we were meant to be.
It's so quiet here that the days feel longer, virtually distraction-free. We've been beaching in the morning, adventuring with the toddler in the afternoons and cooking up a storm for dinner each night. We had a mash-up of Molly's Dry-Rubbed Ribs and Harold McGee's Oven Ribs (that I really have to reassemble here one day, with some streamlining) one night (with corn and an heirloom caprese), and last night, we had a tiny dinner party with friends that are in town with sugar steaks (a recipe I've only been promising you for a year), a crunchy Greek salad and this old favorite potato salad. Are you around? You should come over for dinner. We tend to make too much.
I didn't make this flatbread here but it would fit in perfectly would I want to repeat this dinner from last week. About a month ago, I saw the chard lined up next to the corn and leeks at a farm stand and couldn't get the combination out of my head. It was the most mid-summery combination I could imagine and I debated assembling the three into a galette (but wasn't in the mood for a buttery crust; am I broken?), pizza (but it would require more cheese than I thought necessary; ditto, broken?) and finally just decided to call it flatbread, though we're still going to just use a pizza dough. So to make this as unnecessarily confusing as possible.
These three ingredients cooked together play off each other fantastically; the leeks get deep and sweet; the chard wilts but retains its bulk and the corn kernels crunch across the top. I scattered the top with soft goat cheese, but you could just as easily soften it and spread it thinly under the ingredients, as we did here. Whatever you do, I implore you to make this before the endless piles of summer corn are a distant memory.
One year ago: Naked Tomato Sauce
Two years ago: Fresh Tomato Sauce
Three years ago: Tomato and Corn Pie
Four years ago: Crisp Rosemary Flatbread and Marinated Eggplant with Capers and Mint
Five years ago: Double Chocolate Torte
Leek, Corn and Chard Flatbread with Goat Cheese
I tend to make things with small yields that are easily scaled up, but this will yield two big flatbreads. (We find that one feeds the three of us for a light dinner, unless the toddler has an unusually large appetite. Then things get ugly.) Honestly, I was trying to scale the recipe to the size these vegetables are typically sold in. (I.e. Wouldn't half an ear of corn be an annoying amount?) Nevertheless, you can of course half this recipe, but the good news is, if you don't, we found this reheated really nicely for a second dinner. We ate it with a tomato salad, and one of the nights, we had some leftover chicken, too.
Should you have a grill at your disposal, I think this would make an unbelievable grilled flatbread. Here's how: Prepare your filling and set it aside. Roll or stretch out your doughs. Get your grill going at a high temperature and brush the grates with oil. Throw the first raw dough down right on them. After a few minutes, it will be black and blistered underneath. Flip it off the grill, landing it ungrilled (top) side down on a platter. Spread half the filling over it and slide it back on the grill for 5 to 7 minutes with the top down, until charred slightly at the edges. Repeat with remaining filling and dough. Invite me over.
Because this tends to irk me in other recipes, it's only fair that I warn you that the toppings will not glue to the flatbread. To do so would require a lot of melty cheese or wetter ingredients and really, this is delightful with neither. You can pick up squares with your hand (but no handsprings, okay?) or eat them with knife and fork. The flavors taste like they were always meant to be together, and if you're me, you'll miss it long after you've finished your leftovers.
Makes 2 large (9x13ish inches) flatbreads
About 1 1/2 pounds pizza dough (from two of these, or store-bought)
1 tablespoon vegetable or olive oil
1 tablespoon unsalted butter
3 large leeks (about 1 1/2 pounds)
1 12-ounce bundle chard or about 6 cups (6 ounces) of leaves, cut into 1/2-inch ribbons
1/2 teaspoon table salt
Freshly ground black pepper
1 cup fresh corn kernels (cut from 1 to 2 medium ears corn)
Cornmeal, for sprinkling baking surface
4-ounce goat cheese log, cold
Trim the ends off your leeks and halve them lengthwise. Cut them crosswise into 1/2-inch half-rings. Fill a medium bowl with very cold water and drop in sliced leeks. Swish them around with your fingers, letting any sandy dirt fall to the bottom. Scoop out the leeks and drain them briefly on a towel, but no need to get them fully dry. Do the same with your chard ribbons, but you can leave the leaves on towels until they're nearly fully dry, while you cook the leeks.
Heat your oven to 450 degrees.
Heat a large, heavy skillet over medium heat. Once hot, add butter and oil and once they're fully melted and a bit sizzly, add the leek slices. Reduce heat to low, cover with a lid and cook leek for 10 to 13 minutes, stirring occasionally. Raise heat back to medium, add the chard ribbons and cook until they wilt, about 4 minutes. Season mixture with salt and freshly ground black pepper, adding more if needed. Finally, add your corn kernels, cooking them with the leeks and chard for just another minute.
Sprinkle two baking sheets with cornmeal. If you have pesky old baking trays like I do, and your breads really like to stick to them, I find things will release more reliably if you first lightly spray them with an oil before sprinkling on the cornmeal. Roll or stretch half your dough into a rectangular-ish shape (flatbreads are prettiest when they're irregularly shaped, in my humble opinion) and arrange it on the prepared sheet. Spread half the leek-corn-chard mixture on it. Sprinkle it with half the log of goat cheese, crumbled into small bits.
Bake flatbread in oven for 10 to 15 minutes, until the edges of the bread begin to brown slightly (they might brown more deeply in a better oven than they did in my lousy one). Repeat with remaining dough, filling and goat cheese.
To serve, slide each flatbread onto a cutting board and cut into 8 rectangles. Serve immediately.


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Few migraine sufferers referred for behavioral treatments
(HealthDay) -- Behavioral treatments can prevent migraines in some patients, but many migraine specialists aren't aware of this and don't refer people for therapy, a new study indicates.
For the study, researchers surveyed American Headache Society members to assess their knowledge and beliefs about the use of behavioral treatments, including biofeedback and relaxation training for migraine.
Behavioral treatments have "Grade A" evidence of effectiveness, according to the study scheduled to be presented Wednesday at an American Headache Society meeting in Los Angeles. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force says that "Grade A" means there is "high certainty" the benefits of a treatment outweigh the risks.
And yet, "we found low rates of referrals among migraine treatment specialists for behavioral treatments for their patients," lead author Robert Nicholson, of Mercy Health Research in St. Louis, said in a headache society news release. "Reasons may include both a lack of knowledge about the value of such treatment as much as a lack of available referral services in local communities."
Two-thirds of migraine specialists said they routinely assess patients for depression and more than half assess patients for anxiety. Only 30 percent assess patients for abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder, both of which are associated with migraine.
Overall, about 25 percent of headache specialists referred patients to non-drug treatments. Stress management, relaxation training and psychotherapy were the most common, Nicholson reported.
American Headache Society president Dr. Elizabeth Loder noted in the news release: "Behavioral therapies are often helpful for conditions other than migraine, such as anxiety or depression, and they are typically well-tolerated. They offer a broad range of benefits and a narrower range of harms than most drug treatments for headache."
Migraine affects about 36 million Americans. An additional 6 million suffer from chronic migraine, where patients have at least 15 headache days a month along with other disabling neurological symptoms.
Because this study was presented at a medical meeting, the data and conclusions should be viewed as preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.
More information: The U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke has more about migraine.
Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.


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I wasn't going to ride tonight, taper and all, but during the late afternoon I found myself caught up in a spiral of unproductivity and decided there's really only one way to break free of a spiral like that.
I only had time for the usual road climb, the one I do so often that I find myself racing myself ("Last time I reached the gate in 53 minutes. Have to hit sub-52 this time. Crank! Crank! Crank! Shoot, I'm under 8 mph again. Crank! Crank! Crank!") So, of course, I purposefully left my GPS watch at home. The weather was beautiful, 70 degrees and sunny. Of course, it's always sunny here. I have to scold myself for not appreciating the persistently blue skies more than I do, especially because I was sun-deprived in Alaska for so many years. But today I was genuinely grateful. The afternoon sunlight tinted the trees and pavement in rich, almost metallic colors, and there were vibrant summer flowers everywhere. How come I never noticed these along to road before? Oh yeah, because I'm usually going too hard.
Today, I just pedaled and smiled. It was simple in the most perfect way.
Tuesday, July 12, 2011
5 comments:
- Irene RoberetsJuly 12, 2011 at 11:01 AM
Sounds like a perfect day. Your pictures are beautiful.ReplyDelete
glad you decided to ride or I wouldn't have seen these great shotsReplyDelete
- AnonymousJuly 12, 2011 at 8:31 PM
what road is that?ReplyDelete
It's the Montebello Road, near Steven's Creek Reservoir. The pavement ends at a gate after five miles, so traffic is light and it's a fantastic climb (~2,500 feet.) An unmaintained gravel road continues toward the Steven's Creek Canyon trails and Page Mill Road.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJuly 13, 2011 at 2:52 PM
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Member since Dec 11, 2008
- Profile: /members/650-doug.htm
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Recent Blog Comments By Doug
Preventing Links In Standalone iPhone Applications From Opening In Mobile Safari
Posted on Dec 28, 2011 at 10:33 AM
how would about handling a form post? would that open in mobile safari?... read more »
Lenny And Bo, ColdFusion Programmers (Vol. 29)
Posted on Aug 1, 2007 at 5:54 PM
Doug Boude has also posted some comics on his blog...this one is hillarious... http://www.dougboude.com/blog/1/2007/07/Funnies-well-I-think-they-are.cfm?showPhotos=2... read more »
I Got Fever And The Only Prescription Is More Peter Bell
Posted on Jun 25, 2007 at 5:00 PM
ok, lost the dl link... here is a direct link: http://www.evenamonkey.com/files/applicationGeneration.mp3... read more »
I Got Fever And The Only Prescription Is More Peter Bell
Posted on Jun 25, 2007 at 4:13 PM
In honor of 1 year of Peter Bell, I released Application Generation, the song. download at http://evenamonkey.com... read more »
Guess The Coin Amount, Win Cool Prizes
Posted on Mar 23, 2007 at 11:06 AM
$55.03... read more »
Does Anyone Else Get Confused By A Purposefully Slow RIAs?
Posted on Dec 22, 2006 at 11:59 AM


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I've developed this field guide to complement the OneLight workshop and DVD. It isn't meant to be a comprehensive knowledge base on the technical aspects of how to use, modify, and control flash. All of that information is covered in length in the workshop and on the DVD. This guide has been designed to be thrown into your camera bag so that you have a cookbook of scenarios that you may find yourself in.
While looking through this book remember that light is light. It doesn't matter if you are shooting a ten year old Vivitar, a new Nikon, a Canon, an Alienbee, or a Profoto.
Light. Is. Light. Don't freak out about what kind of light you have. Freak out about what kind of light you make.


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Motorola on Tuesday filed a new lawsuit in Florida charging Apple with infringing six patents in the iPhone 4S and four of those patents in iCloud.
The suit names the same six patents that Motorola cited in its complaint against Apple filed in 2010 in the same court. Motorola tried to add the iPhone 4S and iCloud to the list of Apple products in the original suit but the judge ruled that it was too late to do so.
The new suit is notable amid the lengthy battle between Motorola and Apple because it must have been sanctioned by Google, noted Florian Mueller, who has been closely following mobile patent lawsuits, in a blog post. Mueller is a patent expert who is sometimes paid by companies including Microsoft for his work.
The merger agreement between Google and Motorola stipulates that Motorola not assert any new intellectual property actions without an agreement in writing by Google. That means Google must have expressly authorized Motorola to pursue this new case, filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida.
Many experts believe that Google may have agreed to purchase Motorola for the cellphone maker's extensive intellectual property portfolio, since Android has come under attack in the courts by companies including Microsoft and Apple.
Apple and Motorola have also taken their battle to the U.S. International Trade Commission, which recently issued an initial determination that Motorola did not infringe on three Apple patents. German authorities have also sided with Motorola recently by issuing an injunction that would prevent Apple from selling products in that country.
Motorola and Microsoft are also battling over patents. The many legal disputes are weighing on Motorola, which recently blamed the cost of patent lawsuits and increasing competition for projected weak financial results.
Nancy Gohring covers mobile phones and cloud computing for The IDG News Service. Follow Nancy on Twitter at @idgnancy. Nancy's e-mail address is email@example.com


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CPW-019-Tropical Leaves
CPW-019-Tropical Leaves
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can be trimmed to fit other styles and size pens.
Actual color may vary slightly from your monitor.
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Norma M. (Lewig) O'Brien
Boscobel/Norma M. O'Brien, age 90 of Boscobel, passed away on Friday January 25, 2013 at the Sannes Skogdalen Heim Nursing Home in Soldiers Grove Wisconsin. She was born on September 12, 1922 in Wauzeka Wisconsin. The daughter of George and Mamie (Schwartz) Lewig. She married Arthur Mathews Jr. on October 22, 1941 in Wauzeka Wisconsin. He preceded her in death in 1983. She then married J. Everett O'Brien on December 9, 1986 in Steelville Mo. He preceded her in death on September 15, 2006.
She is survived by a daughter Carole (John) Mindham of Boscobel. 4 Step-Children; Winnie (Bill) Halverson of McGregor Iowa, Ricky (Gary) True of Alaska, Jan (Maria) O'Brien of Billings Mt., Hoyt (Betty) O'Brien of Boscobel. 4 Grandchildren; Mark Rounds and special friend Karla Hines both of Mt. Zion, Julie (Bob) Frey of Boscobel, Lance (Tonia) Mathews of Austin Tx., Tonia Mathews of Stevens Point. 6 Great-Grandchildren Brandon Rounds of Madison, Devin Rounds of Boscobel, Ethan Frey & Hilary Martin both of Boscobel, Drew Frey of Boscobel, Lazer Frey of Boscobel, Louis Addison Mathews of Austin Tx. 1 Great-Great-Grandson Bentley Frey of Boscobel. 14 Step-Grandchildren and many Step-Great-Grandchildren. 2 Sisters Shirley Ertel and friend Clint Carr both of Custer S.D., Violet Wackerhauser of Prairie du Chien. A sister in law: Eunice Key of Eastman. She was preceded in death by her parents, a son Terry Mathews, 1 Sister Marian Klein, A step daughter Valerie Hlavac.
Funeral Services will be held on Tuesday January 29, 2013 at 11:00 A.M. at St. John's Lutheran Church in Boscobel. Pastor Charles Koester officiating. Burial in the National Cemetery Eastman. Friends may call on Monday January 28, 2013 from 4:00-8:00 P.M. at the Kendall Funeral Home in Boscobel and at the church on Tuesday from 10:00 until the time of Service. In lieu of flowers memorials can be given to the Boscobel Fire Dept. or the Boscobel Rescue Squad. On line condolence can be sent to www.kendallfuneralservice .com
Charitable donations may be made in Norma's memory to the following organizations:
Boscobel Fire Department
Wisconsin Ave. Boscobel Wisconsin 53805
Boscobel Rescue Squad
Wisconsin Ave. Boscobel Wisconsin 53805


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First Look Review: SketchUp 531 Oct, 2005 By: IDSA ,Mike Hudspeth Cadalyst
Conceptual Modeling for AEC and Mechanical Design
When I First Saw Sketchup 5, the hand-drawn quality of its renderings impressed me. They represent the idea or essence of what the designer is trying to communicate, and that's what design software is really all about.
According to developer @Last Software, SketchUp is the result of years of frustration with CAD software. You know the type: really powerful with an equally powerful learning curve. SketchUp 5 is aimed at conceptual modeling, so it's made to be fast and loose. Users can start modeling as soon as they install the software. It's not CAD, and it doesn't try to be. @Last Software says SketchUp 5 makes a good companion for other software packages.
Sketchup 5
About 60% of @Last Software's business comes from the architectural market, although many others use it, such as engineers, interior designers, landscapers and industrial designers. Architects, Hollywood set designers and game developers are interested in SketchUp because of its fast, easy modeling and realistic lighting. SketchUp 5 is a wonderful tool for previsualization studies (figure 1)—it's so easy and fast, users can quickly build multiple iterations of meaningful models.
Figure 1. The sky's the limit with SketchUp 5. Renderings are easy to create and look great.
Of course, SketchUp is not limited to rectangular shapes. Users can draw just about anything by combining simple shapes (figure 2). To save a little time, users can import models of doors, windows, trees, furniture and even people to flesh out designs. SketchUp 5 isn't just for the architectural trade—product designers will benefit from it as well (figure 3).
Figure 2. Three simple steps are all it takes to create the basic shape of a model. Additional shapes and components can be imported or downloaded from the Web.
Once a design is complete, it can be translated into a variety of formats. SketchUp 5 supports an impressive array of import and export formats: DWG, DXF, 3DS (new to SketchUp 5), VRML, PDF, EPS, JPG, TIF, PNG and more. It does not import and export Parasolid or IGES. @Last Software says this is because SketchUp is edge-based, and not a solid modeler. You could've fooled me.
Figure 3. Product designers can benefit from SketchUp 5 s fast modeling techniques to quickly turn out concept models. SketchUp 5 is so easy that users can generate multiple iterations in the time it takes to model just one with more complicated software tools.
If users can't find a function they want, they can use a built-in scripting language (Ruby) to write custom code.
SketchUp 5 is a major upgrade. The company has reworked the entire user interface. It's OpenGL-based and two to four times faster than previous version. The user interface in the Macintosh and the Windows versions is almost identical.
Users really need to learn only six tools to use 80% of SketchUp's power:
- 1. Pencil
- 2. Push/pull
- 3. Eraser
- 4. Orbit
- 5. Pan
- 6. Zoom
SketchUp 5's Sandbox, a set of tools for modeling organic shapes, takes creativity to a whole new level. With the terrain modeling tool, users can either import geometry (such as GIS data) or draw their own, then push and pull it into 3D space to create the site for a new building.
The Stamp tool can add things such as roads to the terrain models. Engineers should pay close attention to these tools. They are very handy for adding details to otherwise plain models.
Users can take a line drawing of anything and create a model from it—even a face. Models can be reverse engineered from a bit-map image (figure 4). A great video on the SketchUp Web site walks you through the process (http://download.sketchup.com/downloads/training/tutorials50/Sketchup%20Video%20Tutorials.html). The Drape tool projects 2D geometry onto whatever surface is selected.
Figure 4. To create a realistic model of an object, import a bit-map, wrap it on a model, trace the bit-map and use it as a texture.
@Last Software has assembled some very effective and informative tutorial videos on its Web site. They run through the basics and into advanced topics.
SketchUp has a loyal installed user base of about 30,000–40,000 seats—not bad for a company that's only five years old.
The user site features all kinds of discussions about various capabilities of SketchUp and what people are doing with it. Between the videos and other users, users won't have any trouble getting around SketchUp 5.
Designs can be displayed in many different ways. As I said earlier, SketchUp's rendering is not photorealistic. It adds a sketchy quality to models. Line ends can extend past their intersections (figure 5), corners can have heavier ends for emphasis and lines can have varying weight to punch up the 3D feel of a scene.
Figure 5. SketchUp provides a variety of rendering options, including a hand-drawn effect.
Outlining is a really nice feature that gets used a lot in hand renderings. When this option is turned on, users can group objects so they have a thicker border around them. It's a great way to add visual interest to a scene. The software also supports transparent parts.
I'm always impressed by realistic shadows, and SketchUp 5 has them in spades. Set the time of day, and shadows fall correctly on the scene.
SketchUp 5 is a great 3D modeling package for fast concept generation. It's fairly inexpensive ($495), but delivers in a lot of value. If you're looking for a program that takes a design to production, this is probably not the right one. For a good all-around concept modeler to generate mass studies or previsualizations, this is the program to look at. Highly Recommended.
Mike Hudspeth, IDSA, is an industrial designer, artist and author based in St. Louis, Missouri.
About the Author: IDSA
About the Author: Mike Hudspeth
For Mold Designers! Cadalyst has an area of our site focused on technologies and resources specific to the mold design professional. Sponsored by Siemens NX. Visit the Equipped Mold Designer here!
For Architects! Cadalyst has an area of our site focused on technologies and resources specific to the building design professional. Sponsored by HP. Visit the Equipped Architect here!


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Uncovering the Emigration Policies of the Catholic Church in Mexico
The first mass wave of emigration from Mexico took place during the 1910s and 1920s as Mexicans fled political and economic turmoil at home for work in U.S. agriculture and railroads. By 1929, an estimated 738,500 people of Mexican birth lived in the United States. Many of them migrated seasonally.
Within Mexico, most elites opposed the mass migration of its people, the country's largest asset, to the United States.
The strongest sentiment against emigration during this period came from the Catholic Church, an influential voice in a country where more than 98 percent of the population identified as Catholic even as the Church continued to lose its long and bloody struggles with the government. The Church feared that migration caused the breakup of families, religious conversions, and the introduction of dangerous foreign ideas.
However, the Church's various attempts to prevent migration northward largely failed. By the 1960s, its migration policy shifted to preparing migrants for the journey, establishing closer ties with the Church in the United States, and becoming a voice for migrants' rights while encouraging both their U.S. integration and homeland ties.
With 88 percent of Mexicans older than age 4 being Catholic in 2000 according to INEGI, Mexico's official statistical agency, the Church continues to play an important role in the migration experience even as the number of evangelical Christians grows.
This article, based on a chapter from the recent book A Nation of Emigrants: How Mexico Manages Its Migration, explores these changes in Church policy and the circumstances that shaped them. It also examines the effects these policies have had on Mexican migration and on the migration policies of the Mexican government.
The Campaign to Stop Emigration
In 1920, the Archbishop of Guadalajara, in central Mexico, called for a "holy crusade" against emigration in a circular read aloud in Sunday mass throughout the archdiocese and published under the banner headline "Against Emigration" in the regional Catholic weekly.
The following year, a weeklong conference in Guadalajara on agrarian problems developed a national Church response to emigration. In the evocative language of the keynote address, emigration "is a demolishing act, a devouring act, an act that every day rips shreds of flesh and soul from the motherland."
In the eyes of the Church hierarchy, emigration entailed numerous perils. The first was returnees' foreign ideas and U.S. attachments. These ideas endangered the purity of Mexican culture and even Mexico's very existence as a sovereign state.
Despite pervasive discrimination against Mexicans in the United States, migrants came back to Mexico with impossibly high expectations of wages and working conditions that generated an agrarian radicalism the Church bitterly opposed. The parish priest of San Juan de los Lagos reported in 1920 that returnees were introducing anarchist ideologies learned in the United States.
Memories of the 1848 annexation of what became the Southwestern United States were still fresh in the 1920s, and fears that migrants would make invidious comparisons between Mexico and the United States were not unfounded. In his 1931 study of Arandas, a town in the state of Jalisco, Berkeley economist Paul S. Taylor found that returnees had a much more positive view of the United States than residents who never left.
In the eyes of the Church, family disintegration was the second major problem emigration caused. Husbands returned to Mexico to find their households in ruin with "wife or daughter dishonored" and "sons abandoned to their instincts, prepared for crime." A mostly male migration left women back home "unprotected" and exposed to the temptations of infidelity and even prostitution when men did not provide for their families.
Family separation threatened nationalist as well as gendered obligations. In the conference presenter's view, the absence of fathers and husbands "crumbled," "destroyed," "split in half," and "annihilated" the worker's family — the basic unit of society's moral and material strength. By threatening the worker's family, emigration threatened Mexico herself.
Religious apathy or conversion was the third set of problems emigration caused. According to Church records from the 1920s, migrants in the United States lost their faith because few priests could minister to them in Spanish and Protestant missionaries took advantage of Catholic weakness by offering needy migrants relief in exchange for conversion.
The Catholic clergy argued that Catholic migrants were vulnerable because migrants identified Protestantism with the power and prestige of the United States. The United States was an inherently dangerous religious environment because of its "cosmopolitanism."
Another argument against emigration, which was not made publicly, was that material progress would weaken religious sentiment. A Guadalajara priest complained to Taylor in 1931 about workers returning from the North with newfound wealth. "When the Indian wears shoes, he does not go to mass. And when he wears pants, he does not believe in God," he said.
The economic effect of emigration was also seen as threatening, not least because it eroded the tithe base. Labor shortages jeopardized production of agricultural goods and primary industrial materials.
For the archbishop, the emigration of Mexico's workers was especially egregious because they were being lost to Mexico's northern nemesis. His position followed the mercantilist logic that population is a source of national strength that should be protected from the predations of foreign competitors. The demographic disaster of the 1910-1920 revolution — in which an estimated 1.4 million died and hundreds of thousands fled north — and ongoing tensions with the United States made retaining population all the more important for Mexico.
The Bracero Program and New Challenges
Emigration's challenge to the Church was renewed during the Bracero program, which was meant to ease U.S. labor shortages during World War II. From 1942 to 1964, the U.S. and Mexican governments negotiated a series of temporary worker agreements providing 4.6 million Bracero contracts (not individuals) for agricultural work. American authorities made five million apprehensions of unauthorized migrants during the same period.
The Archbishop of Guadalajara told priests in 1951 to warn prospective migrants of the spiritual and material dangers facing them in the United States, "so they will not abandon their homes, families, work, and motherland for this adventure." He said the public should be warned that illegal immigrants went hungry waiting for false promises of contracts. Even the legally contracted "live in miserable pigsties, face high costs, are taken out by brute force to work on rainy days, and are given opportunities to spend what they earn on vices."
By 1960, the clergy recognized that simply telling workers to stay home was not working. In many Mexican communities, a trip to work in the United States had become a rite of passage for young men.
The Church's policy changed from simple dissuasion to a campaign to prepare braceros heading north for the moral dangers they would face. A new campaign included a "Manual for Braceros," special masses and charity in Mexican contracting centers, and a "Bracero Hour" radio broadcast about conditions in the United States. The trend continued towards a greater emphasis on managing emigration's effects rather than hindering departure.
When it became clear that the United States would not renew the Bracero program, the emigrant commission of the Conference of Mexican Bishops (CEM) met to plan the Church's response (CEM coordinates the Church's social and pastoral policy). The Church leadership understood that migration patterns were already beginning to change from circular migration — movement back and forth across the border — toward permanent settlement in the United States.
CEM decided in the 1960s to promote a Pastoral Tour of Mexico to bring U.S. priests south for three to six months; the tour included visits to historic migrant-sending regions.
Permanent emigrants represented a different kind of challenge to the Mexican Catholic Church than seasonal migrants who had regular contact with priests in Mexico. Priests based in the United States, supplemented by visiting Mexican clergy, now had to do the heavy pastoral lifting.
Yet post-Bracero migration networks opened new opportunities for local Mexican priests because these networks concentrated migrants in a handful of U.S. destinations. Migrants' preference for priests familiar with their language, hometown patron saints, and local religious expressions created the conditions for priests in parishes of origin to maintain ties with those abroad.
Church Cooperation, Universal Rights
After the Bracero program ended, illegal migration to the United States rose quickly, from about 11,000 apprehensions along the border in 1964 to 243,000 in 1974. As a result, the human rights of unauthorized migrants became ever more important to the Church.
Catholic Church Organization and the Scalabrinians
Following meetings between U.S. and Mexican bishops, the Missionaries of St. Charles (the Scalabrinians — see sidebar) opened a seminary in Guadalajara in 1980 to attend to migrants in transit, prepare priests for ministering to the growing Latino population in the United States, and convince the Mexican Church to develop a more consistent policy toward emigrants.
The desire to cooperate across borders has also come from the Vatican, particularly following the Second Vatican Council in 1962. Both the Mexican and U.S. branches have followed the Vatican in enthusiastically taking up the global rights revolution demanding an expanding list of protections and privileges based on universal rights of personhood.
Priests on Mexico's northern border were most intensely involved in Church migration policy during the 1970s and 1980s. They publicly denounced abuses of unauthorized migrants and beginning in 1987 established a chain of shelters to minister to migrants in border cities.
In the heyday of massive illegal migration from Tijuana to San Diego in the late 1980s, Scalabrinian priests held daily outdoor masses in the shadow of the border fence to bless the scores of migrants waiting for nightfall to cross. The shelters now mostly serve deportees.
By the turn of the millennium, the migration policies of the Mexican and U.S. episcopates (body of bishops) had almost completely converged to a strong transnationalist stance. A 2002 joint pastoral letter began by declaring, "We speak as two episcopal conferences but as one Church, united in the view that migration between our two nations is necessary and beneficial." The letter is one of the Church's clearest justifications of a right to emigrate and immigrate.
But while it promoted universal rights, the Mexican Church continued to worry about emigration's effects on Mexican culture and the economy. CEM, in fact, has argued that emigration and immigration are qualified human rights that do not exempt citizens from their communal obligations. Especially in poor regions, the emigration of productive forces and "those gifted with genius and skill" are blamed for depriving the community of the "material and spiritual benefits it needs."
A statue of Jesus overlooks Tijuana from a hillside above the city. Church shelters in Tijuana today mainly serve Mexican citizens deported from the United States.
The editorial board of Migrantes, the Scalabrinian seminary's weekly, in the 1980s rejected the consensus that emigration was an escape valve for a Mexican economy that could not provide enough jobs for its workers. The magazine portrayed temporary migration, permanent settlement abroad, and repatriation as detrimental to Mexico.
Encouraging Homeland Ties, Remittances, and Integration
In recent years, the Catholic Church on both sides of the border has made more efforts to deepen migrants' social ties to both their places of origin and settlement.
The Church promotes cross-border ties and hometown solidarity more generally through its role in U.S.-based hometown associations (HTAs), organizations that allow immigrants from the same city or region to maintain ties with and materially support their places of origin. As many HTAs make renovating the church or sponsoring a charity back home their first project, a priest in the parish of origin often acts as a coordinator or trusted conduit for the donations.
The Church hierarchy frowns on fundraising outside of formal channels, but it remains common among priests at the local level in areas with high levels of emigration.
Migrants are intensely devoted to local patron saints, providing another opportunity for the Church to foster ties. With religious fiestas structuring the calendar of temporary returns to Mexico (mainly December and January), the Church hierarchy holds activities during fiestas that cater to migrants and welcome them home. The Mexican government estimated in 2008 that more than a million migrants return for the holidays every year.
And when Mexican parish priests visit their U.S. satellite communities with an image of the patron saint — the latter a practice the binational Church hierarchy encourages — they bring together Mexicans who might not otherwise see each other. During these visits, migrants usually organize a mass or party in someone's backyard or a public park, where the visiting priest may even baptize a baby or celebrate a first communion.
Since berating settled migrants for betraying the motherland might prompt them to leave the Church altogether, the nationalism the Mexican Church has espoused since the Bracero program is a soft, cultural nationalism based on positive affirmations of being Mexican and devotees of the Virgin of Guadalupe.
In the United States, the Church has carried out a pluralistic cultural mission among Mexicans in the United States since the 1960s. It is learning to adapt to an influx of newcomers, even in places like Georgia that historically have not been Mexican destinations. Disdain for Mexicans or immigrants is no longer culturally acceptable or strategically prudent given that Latinos constitute a rapidly growing part of the Church's membership.
The Church now promotes immigrants' native language by holding masses in Spanish and recruiting Spanish-speaking priests, but it also encourages immigrants to become U.S. citizens and learn English. Americanizing and maintaining mexicanidad are viewed as complementary.
Still, the Mexican Church has a "national" face even as cooperation with U.S. clergy strengthens. Particularly in migrant-sending regions, many clergy continue to be concerned about migrants introducing cultural ideas from the United States.
Effects of Church Policy
How the Church confronts migration leads to two questions: how its policies have shaped migration between Mexico and the United States and how its policies have affected government policy.
The Church's dissuasion policy — which the government adopted around the same time — was a failure. Despite parallel but generally uncoordinated efforts that included propaganda campaigns, money for repatriating migrants, and job-search help for those who returned, the number of Mexicans in the United States actually increased about 45 percent during the 1920s crusade from an estimated 509,500 in 1921 to 738,500 in 1929.
It is hard to assess the counterfactual question of whether migration would have been even greater had the Church not opposed it, but the decimation of Mexico's population suggests that dissuasion was futile.
The Church's decision to help those who decide to migrate has arguably eased the path for travelers who cannot rely on a social network of experienced migrants from their hometown or family. Along with travel agents, human smugglers, immigration lawyers, and labor brokers, Catholic organizations offering refuge along the border are important nongovernmental actors that enable international migration.
Although the Church and the government both promote remittances, their rationales differ. The Church has always emphasized migrants' responsibility to provide for families left behind; the government, with particular intensity since the 1990s, has emphasized investments rather than consumption.
An end to remittances would be a financial disaster for many parishes. One of the proposals to the Mexican government in a meeting between Mexican Church officials and then President Vicente Fox in 2003 was to reduce remittance transfer fees, a goal already the Mexican government already shared.
Most importantly, the Catholic Church has become one of the major interest groups in the United States and around the world promoting a more accommodating stance toward immigration even when such positions have been politically unpopular.
In terms of U.S. immigration reform, the Mexican and U.S. episcopates have adopted the Mexican government's policy positions — such as legalization for most of the unauthorized migrants in the United States and a temporary worker program — though they also criticize the Mexican government for abusing Central Americans in transit through Mexico. The Church in Mexico has called for targeted development projects in migrant-source regions to create economic alternatives to migration and matching-fund programs, which multiply remittances, to generate investment in migrant-source communities.
Other areas of Church policy in Mexico, such as encouraging migrants to return for religious fiestas, have clear consequences. Historically, apprehensions by the U.S. Border Patrol have spiked immediately after the winter religious fiesta cycle when migrants return to work.
Communities with patron saint fiestas outside the modal months of December and January receive the greatest number of returns during their fiestas, providing strong evidence that the fiesta effect on the migration calendar is independent of the agricultural cycle or other seasonal conditions. The pull of the fiestas has weakened since the advent of concentrated border enforcement in the mid-1990s, however, as fewer unauthorized migrants are willing to return to their hometowns and then incur the high smuggling fees and physical risks of illegally reentering the United States afterward.
Because religious fiestas attract so many migrants, the state has piggybacked on these events by either cooperating with local priests, or, in some communities, attempting to shift the focus toward a secular fiesta. In both cases, religious fiestas predate the government's secular involvement.
Fiestas are advantageous from the state's point of view because they promote permanent emigration with continued homeland ties and tourism. The government considers this combination the best recipe for attracting remittances and forming a Mexican lobby to press its trade and immigration policy preferences in the United States.
The Same Toolkit for Church and State
While the Church and the government do not always share the same goals — the Church still worries about migration's moral effects and the government wants to secure migrants' political support — they use similar techniques to govern a mobile population. The reason for these techniques is simple: Church and state exercise their power through knowledge about the whole population as well as its individual members.
Both organizations survey migrants to determine their demographic characteristics, legal status, migration routes, U.S. destinations, and occupations. Each tries to document the amounts of collective remittances; how they are spent; and the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the remitters.
Just as the Mexican state has at times issued identification documents that also attest to the bearer's moral character, on a smaller scale, priests in Mexico have issued ecclesiastical identification documents and letters of introduction to destination parishes.
At the local level, the Church often has better records than the state, given that local government bureaucracy is shot through with clientelism, lack of continuity between administrations, and corruption.
The state imitates the Church's administrative methods by building on an existing system of baptismal registries to record births and by following the Church's model of creating directories of migrants from particular hometowns.
The Church's transnational structure and universalist face make embracing its mobile members easier. Mexican consulates attempt similar coverage, but U.S. sovereignty limits the Mexican government's capacity to accomplish this goal.
Conclusion: Looking Forward
The Catholic Church continues to be one of the major voices for comprehensive immigration reform in the United States. The hierarchy and clergy are leading their flock on these issues, as there is scattered evidence that U.S. Catholics' attitudes toward immigration are about as restrictive as those of non-Catholics.
Although immigration faded as an issue in the 2008 presidential campaign once the Republican primaries concluded, U.S. bishops have tried to put a more accommodating policy approach back on the political agenda through conferences, tours, and the use of the homily as a bully pulpit. The Church is increasingly working with likeminded groups from other religious organizations.
A path to legalization, family reunification, humane border control and interior enforcement policies, and development in Mexico remain the pillars of the Church's policy on both sides of the border.
Archivo de la Arquidiócesis de Guadalajara (AAG), CEM, 1960.
Archivo de la Parroquia de San Juan de los Lagos, Libro de Gobierno, July 6, 1920.
Curso Social Agrícola Zapopano, 1921:231.
Camp, Roderic Ai. 1997. Crossing Swords: Politics and Religion in Mexico. New York: Oxford University Press.
"Curso Social Agrícola Zapopano desarrollado en Guadalajara, con ocasión de la pontificia coronación de la imagen de Ntra. Sra. de Zapopan, en enero de 1921, bajo los auspicios del 5o Arzobispado de Guadalajara. Breve historia. Trabajos. Nómina de semaneros. Con licencia de la Autoridad Eclesiástica." 1921. Guadalajara: Renacimiento.
Craig, Ann L. 1983. The First Agraristas: An Oral History of a Mexican Agrarian Reform Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press. La Época,[Guadalajara]. Sep. 12, 1920.
Espinosa, Víctor M. 1999. "El día del emigrante y el retorno del purgatorio: iglesia, migración a los Estados Unidos y cambio sociocultural en un pueblo de Los Altos de Jalisco." Estudios Sociológicos 17(50):375-418.
Hagan, Jacqueline Maria. 2008. Migration Miracle: Faith, Hope, and Meaning on the Undocumented Journey.
INEGI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática). 2000. XII Censo General de Población y Vivienda. Available online.
McCaa, Robert. 2003. "Missing Millions: The Demographic Costs of the Mexican Revolution." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 19:367-400.
Mexican Migration Project NATLHIST file 2002, based on U.S. census data
Odem, Mary E. 2004. "Our Lady of Guadalupe in the New South: Latino Immigrants and the Politics of Integration in the Catholic Church." Journal of American Ethnic History 21(4): 26-57.
Paul Schuster Taylor Papers, University of California, Berkeley, Bancroft Library, Series 2, Ctn 1, Field Notes 1:22, 1931-1932.
U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, various years.
Zizzamia, Alba. 1989. A Vision Unfolding: The Scalabrinians in North America (1888-1988). Staten Island, NY: Center for Migration Studies; Espinosa 1999.


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I have a problem through out my current code where certain Texture2D's are not drawing correctly over each other.
For example, at the start I have sprite font being drawn over a background image and half the text is not shown when I add the image.
_sb.Draw(_background, new Rectangle(0, 0, 800, 480), Color.White);
if (isPaused)
_sb.DrawString(_bigFont, "Resume", new Vector2(295, 200), Color.Black);
_sb.DrawString(_bigFont, "Start", new Vector2(315, 200), Color.Black);
The text then seems to appear if I change the value of other text on the screen.
Is there something I am missing here?


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RBC Heritage: Can Dustin Johnson Adapt To Harbour Town?
By Norm Elrod
(CBS Miami/CBS Local) -- The RBC Heritage has the misfortune to sit in the shadow of the Masters. And much of the golf world is still recovering from Tiger Woods' fifth green jacket at Augusta. That won't stop players from stepping up to the tee on Thursday at Harbour Town Golf Links.
While Woods will not be traveling to Hilton Head for the 51st edition of the tournament, many of the top finishers on last week's leaderboard will be. That includes runners-up Xander Schauffele and Dustin Johnson, fifth-place finishers Francesco Molinari and Webb Simpson and ninth-place finisher Patrick Cantlay. The list of the world's best doesn't end there, with Bryson DeChambeau, Tommy Fleetwood and Matt Kuchar all committed to playing as well. Defending champion Satoshi Kodaira returns to defend his title.
The course, and its history, is a big reason why the event has attracted such a strong field just days after a major (though its proximity to Augusta certainly helps). Harbour Town Golf Links has hosted the Heritage, under one name or another, since 1969. Arnold Palmer won that first event, and the list of winners features many of the game's greats, like Jack Nicklaus (1975), Nick Faldo (1984) and Greg Norman (1988).
Harbour Town, a par-71 course that measures only 7099 yards, is one of the shortest on the PGA Tour. The course emphasizes shot placement, on a Tour increasingly dominated by distance. Its narrow fairways and small greens are built on the flat, low-lying marsh land of Hilton Head Island, just off Calibogue Sound. Trees surround many of the holes. Winners tend to rank higher in driving accuracy and proximity to the hole. So the long ball will only get players so far, whereas accuracy and a strong short game go further on the scorecard.
The 18th hole, along the water with the striped lighthouse in the background, is one of golf's more iconic holes. It is also a bit of an outlier at Harbour Town, with its broad fairway along the water. As with the other holes, the green is tiny. Wind factors in at pretty much every coastal course, and that's particularly true on this 472-yard par-four finale. Birdies are rare here, making it one of the harder par-fours pros face on the Tour.
So who will contend for the plaid jacket and a share of the $6.9 million pot? A few recognizable names come to mind.
As the world's top-ranked player, coming off a sneakily good Masters performance, Johnson has to be considered the favorite at the RBC Heritage. He's finished in the top 10 of his last five PGA Tour events, including a win at the WGC-Mexico Championship in February. Johnson has a versatile enough game to contend in his native state, even if he can't rely on his driver to give him an advantage.
DeChambeau hit his first career hole in one at the recent Masters, though he didn't contend when it mattered. The world's eighth-ranked player shot a career-low round of 64 at the RBC Heritage last year and finished T3, one stroke off the lead. He checked in at T4 in 2016. Harbour Town suits his unusual style of play, so look for him to thrive again this year.
Molinari led the Masters halfway through his Sunday round, but wasn't able to hold on. The usually slow-and-steady, play-for-par golfer just couldn't stay out of the water. The world's seventh-ranked player will have to contend with water again this week, but won't repeat his mistakes, even on a course a less suited to his game. Expect him to be in the mix.
Stream the RBC Heritage from Harbour Town Golf Links on Saturday, April 20 and Sunday, April 21, 3:00-6:00 pm.
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Federal Government announced N3.73 billion as the balance in the Excess Crude Account saying that the amount rose from N3.6 billion in April to the level in May. Addressing newsmen in Abuja, the Accountant General of the Federation, Mr Jonah Otunla, also revealed N648.349 billion was the total allocation shared by the three ters of government.
The amount represented N582.934 billion Statutory Allocation and N65.415 billion realised from the Value Added Tax (VAT), making the total distributable revenue for the month to be N648.349 billion which when compared to last month, is N49.177 billion higher, adding that the total allocation to SURE-P as ususaI, is N35.55 billion………………………………………..Full Article: Source


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Platform: Oracle 22.214.171.124 on Windows 2000
We have a production system that has been running ok for a year until last night, the CPU usage for Oracle.exe shot up close to 100% AND stayed there for at least 10 hours. I suppose the fact it stayed high for more than 10 hours rules out SMON was doing cleanups and coalesing. The temp tablespace is about 2GB. There is no code change since day one.
Does anybody know any other situations that may have caused something like this?


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What can cosmetic dental work do for your self-esteem that all the pots of cream and eyeliner on Madison Avenue can't? While we agree with the ad men that esthetics motivate how people see us, value us, and respond to us, true natural beauty has to do with good health, not technique with a make-up brush. When you admire the dazzling smile of that Revlon model, will you buy the lipstick - or seek the restorative dentistry that perfected the smile? Dentistry thee smile to health and symmetry. Cosmetics? Sure. But call on cosmetic dentistry for a beautiful smile that won't wash off.