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The commercial drycleaning industry in the United States consists of approximately 36,000 shops. Most of these shops are small businesses with fewer than 10 employees. Approximately 85% of drycleaning shops in the U.S. use perchloroethylene as their primary solvent.
NIOSH researchers have conducted numerous studies of the commercial drycleaning industry. Some of these studies have evaluated a variety of health and safety hazards; however the greatest emphasis has been placed on worker exposure to perchloroethylene. NIOSH research in this industry has involved exposure assessment, engineering control evaluations, and epidemiologic studies. Information concerning these studies is outlined below.
NIOSHTIC-2 Search
NIOSHTIC-2 search results on Drycleaning
NIOSHTIC-2 is a searchable bibliographic database of occupational safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH.
NIOSH Publications on Drycleaning
Evaluation of 1-bromopropane Use in Four New Jersey Commercial Dry Cleaning Facilities
On May 2, 2008, NIOSH received a technical assistance request from the NJ DHSS regarding potential health effects of 1-BP in drycleaners. NIOSH was asked to evaluate possible exposures and health effects among dry cleaner operators who used 1-BP. English [PDF – 3.7 MB], Korean [PDF – 104 KB]
Control of Ergonomic Hazards in Commercial Drycleaning
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-160 (1998)
Musculoskeletal disorders are caused by repetitive motions, awkward postures, excessive reaching, and precision gripping. In the drycleaning industry, ergonomic risks occur during garment transfer, pressing, and bagging. These activities, combined with a high work rate and frequency, may cause physical discomfort and musculoskeletal problems for workers. Disorders can include damage to tendons, muscles, nerves, and ligaments of the hand, wrist, arm, shoulder, neck, and back.
Control of Fire Hazards in Commercial Drycleaning Shops Using Petroleum-Based Solvents
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-159 (1998)
Drycleaning shops contain all elements necessary for uncontrolled fires: fuels, ignition sources, and oxygen. Potential combustible materials include furniture, garments, lint, and portions of the building. The greatest risk of fire and explosion exists if the drycleaning shop uses a petroleum-based solvent in drycleaning machines. Approximately 10% of drycleaning shops in the United States use these highly flammable solvents. Ignition can be triggered by a burning or smoldering cigarette, heated equipment such as a press, a frictional spark inside the solvent reclaimer cage, or even static electricity within the reclaimer.
Control of Spotting Chemical Hazards In Commercial Drycleaning
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-158 (1998)
Many hazardous chemicals are commonly used in drycleaning shops to remove garment stains. Workers performing stain removal may be exposed to these toxic chemicals through skin absorption, eye contact, or inhalation of vapors. The primary hazard is dermatitis from chronic or acute exposure. Dilute hydrofluoric acid, found in some products that remove rust stains, may cause severe chemical burns with deep tissue destruction that may not be evident until several hours after prolonged contact.
Control of Exposure to Perchloroethylene in Commercial Drycleaning (Ventilation)
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-157 (1997)
To reduce exposure to drycleaning solvents, a comprehensive control approach should be followed involving engineering measures, work practices, and personal protection. Engineering measures are the preferred and most effective means of control and should generally considered first. One of the potentially least expensive engineering control options for reducing worker exposures to PERC involves effective ventilation.
Control of Exposure to Perchloroethylene in Commercial Drycleaning (Machine Design)
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-156 (1998)
En Español
Drycleaning machines have evolved over time to better protect worker safety and health and the environment. Drycleaning machines encompass five "generations" which are currently used in the United States. Modern drycleaning machines can dramatically reduce exposures, save money in solvent costs, and permit easier compliance with safety, health, and environmental regulations.
Control of Exposure to Perchloroethylene in Commercial Drycleaning (Substitution)
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-155 (1998)
En Español
If a substance is hazardous to health or to the environment, sound industrial hygiene practice dictates that a less hazardous material or process be considered as a substitute. In drycleaning there are a number of potential alternatives to using perchloroethylene.
Control of Exposure to Perchloroethylene in Commercial Drycleaning
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-154 (1998)
En Español
To reduce exposure to drycleaning solvents, a comprehensive control approach should be followed involving engineering measures, work practices, and personal protection. Engineering measures are the preferred and most effective means of control and should generally considered first.
Control of Health and Safety Hazards in Commercial Drycleaners: Chemical Exposures, Fire Hazards, and Ergonomic Risk Factors
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-150 (1998)
This report investigates control methods and technologies used in the drycleaning industry for reducing occupational exposures to tetrachloroethylene, also known as "perchloroethylene" (PERC). It also examines drycleaning machines that use petroleum-based solvents. It addresses methods for controlling exposures to spotting chemicals, fire, and ergonomic hazards in commercial drycleaning shops. Data were gathered during ten field surveys at drycleaning shops across the U.S. and through a World Health Organization (WHO) fellowship in Europe.
Worker Notification Program
Through the NIOSH Worker Notification Program, NIOSH notifies workers and other stakeholders about the findings of past research studies related to a wide variety of exposures. The links below present archival materials sent to participants in studies related to drycleaning.
Published Articles
Mortality and Endstage Renal Disease Incidence among Dry Cleaning Workers (2011)
Cytogenetic analysis of an exposed-referent study: perchloroethylene-exposed dry cleaners compared to unexposed laundry workers (2011)
Biological exposure assessment to tetrachloroethylene for workers in the dry cleaning industry (2008)
An Evaluation of Retrofit Engineering Control Interventions to Reduce Perchloroethylene Exposures in Commercial Drycleaning Shops
(abstract–bibliographic information only)
(Applied Occupational Environmental Hygiene (In Press))
Real-time monitoring was used to evaluate the ability of engineering control devices retrofitted on two existing dry-cleaning machines to reduce worker exposures to perchloroethylene. In one dry-cleaning shop, a refrigerated condenser was installed on a machine that had a water-cooled condenser to reduce the air temperature, improve vapor recovery, and lower exposures. In a second shop, a carbon adsorber was retrofitted on a machine to adsorb residual perchloroethylene not collected by the existing refrigerated condenser to improve vapor recovery and reduce exposures.
Mortality in dry-cleaning workers: an update
(abstract–bibliographic information only)
(American Journal of Industrial Medicine (2001; vol. 39, pp. 121-132))
Background: A cohort of 1,708 dry-cleaning workers identified from union records, was exposed to perchloroethylene (PCE), a known animal carcinogen and probable human carcinogen, for at least one year before 1960. Many workers also had exposure to Stoddard solvent, a petroleum-based dry-cleaning solvent.
Concerns of the Dry-Cleaning Industry: A Qualitative Investigation of Labor and Management
(abstract–bibliographic information only)
(American Journal of Industrial Medicine (1999; vol. 35, pp. 112-123))
Occupational scientists agree there are hazards associated with dry-cleaning, but do dry-cleaning owners and workers concur? Knowledge of owners' and workers' perceptions can help guide intervention efforts to reduce worker exposure. To better understand these issues, a qualitative study was conducted using focus group methodology and constant comparative analysis. Two owner and four worker focus groups were held. Findings suggest that overall, health and safety issues were not of great concern. Owners were primarily concerned with the economic impact of regulations. Workers did express some anxiety about solvent exposure and burns, but most felt that these hazards were "just part of the job". Also, other than the installation of air-conditioning in the shops and the provision of health benefits, workers could not think of ways health and safety on the job could be improved.
Evaluation and Control of Perchloroethylene Exposures During Dry Cleaning[PDF – 1 MB]
(abstract–bibliographic information only)
(Applied Occupational Environmental Hygiene (1996; vol. 11 (2) pp. 125-32))
A study was conducted at a large, commercial dry cleaner to evaluate the control of worker exposure to perchloroethylene (PERC) and provide recommendations to reduce exposure. This shop used a dry-to-dry machine that had a refrigerated condenser, which operated during the dry cycle, as the primary vapor recovery device. A small fan that was ducted to a carbon canister was the secondary vapor recovery device.
Links to Other Drycleaning Sites
EPA-Dry Cleaning Complaince Assistance
The dry cleaning sector includes establishments engaged in providing laundry services generally to individuals but also includes establishments operating as industrial launderers.
OSHA – Dry Cleaning
OSHA safety and health topic about dry cleaning containing many links to resources grouped under categories such as recognition, evaluation, control, compliance, training and more…
National Cleaners Association
information for both the consumer and professional cleaners and suppliers, including an FAQ, consumer reports, more…
Drycleaning and Laundry Institute International
Includes descriptions of the drycleaning process and other drycleaning-related topics.
Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees
A textile union website.
Toxics Use Reduction Institute
The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Institute (TURI) was created to promote reduction in the use of toxic chemicals and the generation of toxic by-products in industry and commerce in the state of Massachusetts.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Part 4 of our guidance regarding the trend among businesses to get rid of their performance review system. This is dumb. Don't do it.
There are many large organizations getting rid of their annual review system. Nobody likes reviews, the story goes. This trend is caused by a fundamental misunderstanding of what is happening. Firms that remove their review systems will regret it at some point in the future. Here's what to do and why.
Play/Download This Cast
This Cast Answers These Questions
- Should my organization get rid of its performance review system?
- How can I deliver better performance reviews?
- What can I do to help subordinate managers deliver effective performance reviews?
Mentioned in This Cast
Other Parts of This Series
Download/Buy Documents
|Don't Get Rid of Your Performance Reviews Shownotes
|Purchase this item


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Sweet and sour pork rib is a popular typical Chinese dish,it's also a well know classic Cantonese dish.Many Chinese restaurant carry this dish in their menu.The main culprit of this famous dish is the sweet tangy sauce.There are various version of sweet and sour tangy sauce.It's depend who make the sauce but mostly the main ingredients doesn't change much..Beside pork rib,we can choose chicken,fish or other type of meat..This dish sound quite difficult and hard to cook but actually it's quite simple if everything prepare in advance.
3 pounds pork ribs,remove fat
1 tbsp seasalt
1 tsp ground pepper
1 tbsp sugar
2 tbsp chinese wine
1 tbsp ground garlic powder
*marinate above seasoning with pork rib for 3 hours or over night*
1 cup vegetable oil
Coat Flour in Ziploc Bag:
1/2 cup all purpose flour
1/2 cup rice flour
2 tsp seasalt
3 cloves garlic,peeled and minced
1/2 cup or more ketchup
1/4 cup apple cider vinegar
2 tbsp chili sauce *optional*
4-5 tbsp sugar or more
seasalt to taste
2 tsp Worcestershire sauce
1 green bell pepper,wash and
1 can cut pineapple or 3-4 pieces fresh pineapple
1 large onion,peeled and slice
1:Heat fryer or deep skillet with oil at medium high heat.Coat marinated rib with flour mixed.When oil temperature reach 330F-350F,place coated rib in and fry for 8-10 minutes or until golden brown,set aside.
2:Prepare wok at medium high heat with 2-3 tbsp oil and garlic.Add in Ketchup,chili sauce,apple cider vinegar,sugar and salt.,mix well.
3:When sauce bubbly boil ,add in all cut vegetables.Cook for 3 minutes,then add in fried rib,mix well.Check the seasoning
4:Dish out and serve warm with steamed rice or noodles.


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One of my senior clients used to keep a "no whining" sign in her office. It seemed odd to have the sign so prominently displayed at a senior executive level. After all, the managers that walked into that office were not children, but mature adults with collective responsibility for thousands of employees. Why would they whine instead of just solving problems?
The reality is that all of us whine, complain, blame others, and try to avoid responsibility. It's part of the human condition. Nobody likes to clean up problems caused by others — or admit that they've created problems themselves. We also try to preserve a positive self-image and we go to great lengths to get others to perceive us positively as well. Given these basic human dynamics, most of which are unconscious, it's often easier to talk to colleagues about what somebody else is doing wrong. At worst we'll get sympathy. At best, we'll convince someone else to take care of the problem.
In my client's case, she had inherited a group of "technicians" — managers with years of experience in their functional areas. However, a number of these managers lacked the capability to work sideways: Their horizons extended only to the boundaries of their own units. So, when solving problems they defaulted to fixing everything under their direct control and complaining to my client about the rest — with the assumption that she would force others to do what was needed.
Fortunately my client was smart enough to realize that her managers needed to work together to generate effective solutions. So she pushed back against what she dubbed as "whining." The sign (and the dialogue that went with it) made her managers more aware of their unproductive patterns and over time helped her create an effective culture of accountability and proactive problem solving.
Yet most managers don't utilize the "no whining" rule. Today it's easy to whine and deflect responsibility, because so much seems out of our control — the economy, regulatory requirements, technological changes, costs of raw materials, and many others. Even inside organizations many managers feel disempowered by the complexity of matrix structures, slow decision-making, and extra layers of reporting. The bottom line is that it's tough to get things done — which leaves people feeling frustrated and in need of a sympathetic ear. In other words, the combination of human nature and a tough environment makes a "no whining" rule more important than ever.
If you want to institute a "no whining" rule in your organization, here are two mindsets to encourage in your people:
Accountability: First, do not allow your people to present problems without attempting to solve them on their own. If appropriate, they should inform you about what they are doing to avoid any surprises. But the basic idea is that they should do what think necessary to achieve results. There will be times where they may not have the authority or resources to execute the solution — and in those cases they should propose a solution along with their request for help.
Positivity: Constantly remind your team to assume positive intent about others. As described above, it's always easier to blame another function, customer, supplier, colleague — anyone but yourself — for a problem. To counter this inclination, remind your managers that most people don't wake up in the morning with the goal of making their lives difficult. They are probably just doing their job in the best way they know — and no amount of whining will change that. A more productive path would be to better understand the nature of the problem and move towards creating a joint solution.
To what extent is whining an issue in your organization; and what else could you do to make "no whining" a part of your culture?


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This site provides a meeting place for researchers of the Spann family and related families. All genealogy researchers are invited to participate. I have concentrated my spann family genealogy research on the descendants of my oldest confirmed Spann ancestor, Captain John Spann of Virginia (1693-1716). Links to census records, military records and pedigrees are provided for researched Spann family members. Both a mailing list and a web board exist for your Spann genealogy queries.
|A biography of John Spann
|Possible ancestry of John Spann
|Census records of the Spann family
|Spanns in the Military
|Spann family researchers
|Unconnected Spann family lines
|Spann family bookshelf
|General purpose genealogy links
|SPANN-L mailing list
|Email me at email@example.com.
Spann genealogy queries be mailed to the SPANN-L mailing list on RootsWeb or posted to the Spann Genealogy Forum on GenForum.


text:
Emotional, energetic and catchy background music includes hip hop beats, deep dubstep bass, synth, piano, claps, hats, snares or crash. Good sound for dance battle, club party. Best for cinema, movie trailer, corporate videos, commercials, advertisement or as web page music.
If you want to re-adapt music or you need some special effects for your project, please, contact me by email: email@example.com not hesitate to contact me if you have any question. I will reply your question/request within 24hrs.


text:
With Rockstar reluctant to publish LA Noire developers Team Bondi's next game, rumours are circulating that studio founder Brendan McNamara is in talks with George Miller's KMM studio, with the aim of being absorbed into the Mad Max and Happy Feet creators.
One verified source working at Dr D, George Miller's Animation Studio, claimed that multiple members of Team Bondi, including Brendan McNamara himself, were seen getting a tour of the Dr D offices.
"Brendan McNamara was seen walking through the buildings of Dr. D yesterday, where Happy Feet 2 is being made," claimed our source.
According to the source this bothered some Dr D workers, many of which were ex-Team Bondi employees.
"Because Dr. D is filled with former Team Bondi employees who left due to the abusive work conditions," the source continued, "this unexpected visit was quite… unsettling – to put it mildly."
Another verified source, from within KMM, claimed that it was broadly known within the company that George Miller himself was incredibly impressed with Team Bondi's efforts and McNamara's insistence to stick to his artistic vision in the face of deadlines.
This matches with the claims of the source at Dr D.
"The word is going round that Team Bondi is being folded into KMM studios, Team Bondi is pretty much doomed after the scandal and can't find any new supporters, so by doing this they can hide their name."
Our source within KMM couldn't confirm whether or not this rumour had any validity, but stated they would be surprised if it wasn't true.
KMM studios is currently headed up by God of War 2 director Cory Barlog, who was working on a Mad Max game, to be designed in tandem with a new George Miller movie based in the Mad Max universe. At the moment, however, all of Miller's resources are being moved to Happy Feet 2 to meet an extremely strict deadline that many within Dr D believe the team can't make.
For that reason, the Mad Max movie is currently on hold – so at this stage we really have no idea what KMM's Sydney studio is working on at the moment. KMM's Brisbane studio is currently working on a Happy Feet 2 video game to be released alongside the movie in November this year, but after that they're also without a project.
We're currently in contact with KMM/Dr D in an attempt to get more details and will update as soon as we hear back.
This story originally appeared on Kotaku Australia.


text: This is a great book for the "kid" in all of us. Mary Jane, like everyone else who raises goats, soon had an overabundance of milk and started to develop her own recipes. That endeavor grew into this great book on the utilization of goat milk and dairy goat products. Included in this book are recipes for cheesemaking, yogurt, ice cream, fudge, pies and puddings, goat meat and a few non-edibles like soap and whitewash. This book is a great resource for any goat lover.


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Speed Browser enters the computer without user's consent. Using mostly freeware and shareware, makers of this unwanted browser application manages to install Speed Browser into the computer and makes it the default one. Through this exploit, computer security experts deemed Speed Browser as adware or potentially unwanted program.
Commonly known as 'bundling' scheme, Speed Browser is packed together with other programs such as free software, updates, and tools. Ordinary computer users are not attentive that adware comes with these programs, and in most cases, Speed Browser is likewise installed during setup. Although, this unwanted browser is not the only one that may get loaded onto the system. Other unsafe adware may also be bundled with the installation that puts the computer at risk.
There are also instances that user derived Speed Browser from various links and promotions. Some people are even tricked to use it as alternative Internet browser software. It was marketed as a fine browser with complete security features on its core. Speed Browser claims to block annoying ads and redirects. Fast and optimized searches are another guarantee when using this program.
There are known and trusted browsers out there matching the features of Speed Browser so why use an unfamiliar one? In fact, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Firefox, and Edge are the most reliable programs that exceeds what Speed Browser has to offer.
To be safe, we suggest that you scan the computer with updated sets of anti-malware and anti-virus tools. This is the only sure way to know if Speed Browser is worth using without putting your computer and privacy in danger.
Online Security Scanner Report for getspeedbrowser.com:
|Feedback: Threats found
|Updated: Feb. 13, 2016
|Link is safe
|Feedback: No Data
|Updated: Feb. 13, 2016
|Currently safe
|Ratings: No Data
|Updated: Feb. 13, 2016
How to Remove Speed Browser
Step 1 : Use Add/Remove program of Windows to Uninstall Speed Browser
The main cause of adware and malware could be dubious software that you may have installed on the computer. We need to uninstall the culprit program.
1. Click Windows Start button. Next, select Control Panel from the list.
2. Find the 'Programs' area and click on Uninstall a program. This opens up a window showing existing software installed.
3. Look for and remove Speed Browser or ClaraLabs entry. If not present, look for any suspicious labels that was installed recently.
4. Click on Uninstall to start removing the program.
Step 2: Scan and Delete Adware with AdwCleaner
1. Download the tool called AdwCleaner from the location stated below.
Click here to download AdwCleaner (this will open a new window)
2. Once you have completed the download, please close all running programs on the computer.
3. Locate the file and double-click on adwcleaner_Ver.exe to start running the tool. Then, click on Scan button.
4. It searches for presence of harmful programs, plug-ins, add-ons, or any data that were found malicious and linked to Speed Browser. You need to Clean all items detected by this tool.
5. Once scan is done, the tool may need to reboot your computer to finalize the cleaning process.
6. After reboot, AdwCleaner will display the log file of the recent scan.
Step 3: Remove Speed Browser Add-on/Extension and Cleanup the Browser
After the previous scans, you may have deleted Speed Browser from the affected browser. This next step will ensure that no more module of adware will be left on the browser. This free tool scans and checks the browser for unwanted add-on and extension, and if found, Avast Browser Cleanup will give you a report and suggestion.
1. Download this free tool and save it to your desktop.
Avast Browser Cleanup Download Link (This will open in a new window)
2. Please install the program. Start the process by double-clicking on the executable file avast-browser-cleanup-sfx.exe.
3. When run, Avast Browser Cleanup performs a test on the browser. If unwanted entries were found, it will display a button 'Remove all add-ons listed below and cleanup browser.' You may remove all or delete one entry at a time.
4. Avast Browser Cleanup will confirm before it permanently deletes the add-on. Please click Yes to proceed with the removal of Speed Browser on the affected browser.
Step 4: Reset Internet Browser to completely remove Speed Browser
Cleaning your internet browser from clutter and unwanted add-on/extension is a must when dealing with Speed Browser. The procedure below discuss on resetting various browsers to its default state.
Restore Google Chrome to Default Settings
Resetting Google Chrome to default settings is helpful in deleting hard-to-remove extension such as from Speed Browser. This method is highly advisable to perform if you have difficulty in removing unwanted extension.
1. Open Google Chrome Internet browser.
2. Click on the Menu (three-bar icon) located on the upper right side corner of the browser.
3. From the pull-down menu, click on Settings.
4. Once your are on chrome://settings/ tab, click on 'Advanced' at the bottom of the window.
5. Navigate to the bottom of the page and click on Reset settings to their original defaults button.
6. Close the existing tab and restart Google Chrome. That should have removed Speed Browser extension.
Reset Mozilla Firefox to Default
This section describes how to remove unwanted extension from Firefox that may be related to Speed Browser.. This process can fix many browser issues by restoring Firefox to factory settings without affecting your essential information (bookmarks, browsing history, passwords, and Internet cookies) on the browser. If you desire to remove only specific extension, please see manual removal of add-on from Firefox.
1. Navigate to Firefox menu at the top of the browser and access the Help area. Click on Troubleshooting Information.
2. A new tab will appear. You will notice a section on upper-right corner of the screen stating Reset Firefox to its default state. Click the Refresh Firefox button.
3. If confirmation window appears, click Refresh Firefox to continue.
4. Firefox browser will close and start the resetting process. When done, it will display a list of restored data. Speed Browser should be gone by now. Click Finish to open a fresh version of Firefox.
Restore Internet Explorer to Default Settings
1. Open Internet Explorer and navigate to top menu. Click Tools, and then Internet Options.
2. Select Advanced tab on Internet Options window.
3. On lower part of the window, under Reset Internet Explorer Settings area, click the Reset button. Please see image for reference.
Your data like favorites, bookmark, and history will remain in the browser. However, this process may delete add-ons by Speed Browser and other unknown objects. If you prefer to carry out the procedure manually, please add-on removal from Internet Explorer.


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Learning mathematics involves a progression to higher and higher concepts, building on the foundations of what we have already learnt. But Andrew Irving and Ebrahim Patel explain that no matter how high your mathematical knowledge reaches you must never lose sight of your foundations, no matter how basic they may seem.
"Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire." (W. B. Yeats)
Does Usain Bolt remember his baby steps? Image: Jmex60.
With physical hobbies such as playing a sport or musical instrument, practice makes us less clumsy and this is how we mark our progress. But what about hobbies of a more cerebral nature?
As we tread further down the path of formal education, we can find newly acquired knowledge so impressive that it actually usurps what has gone before. With physical hobbies, this sort of process is ideal as it replaces an initial clumsiness with smooth(er) results. But can education operate in this way? Well, let us consider the example of mathematics, where one of the first things we learn is how to count.
Counting is soon followed by adding up which, once mastered, lays the foundation for a possible short-hand — multiplication. So is multiplication a less clumsy way of adding up? Well, sort of. Certainly for larger values of n, adding a number, say x, to itself n times instead of simply multiplying x by n would be nothing shy of extravagance! But the key thing here is understanding that both of these are just different ways of counting n lots of x.
In this way, if mathematics is to be understood rather than merely learnt, we must treat it differently to most other hobbies — in our progress we should not leave our clumsier roots behind. For though we may master the greatest techniques of mathematics so that all the clumsiness of our infancy is gone, we must return to the (clumsy) foundations in our search for mathematical understanding.
Nevertheless, frequently discovering less clumsy ways of doing maths can make it hard to remain mindful of what we are really asking and what our answers really mean. For instance, exponentiation teaches us that multiplication too can be short-handed:
23 x 22 = 23+2 = 25 = 32
but are we really asking what two cubed times two squared is? No, rather, we are asking what happens when you count up eight (23) lots of four (22). Yes, exponentiation provides a very tidy way of pursuing counting here, but that is all it is. Or is it? Well, it would be only a half-truth to say yes, because there exists a sort of reciprocal relationship between exponentiation and counting. As we shall go on to explain, exponentiation lays the foundation for the orthodoxy of counting.
When we learn to use arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) as short-hand for counting, it is conventional to use the decimal system. In effect, this means that we make our calculations using powers of ten. For example, the number seventy-five thousand two hundred and thirty-four is denoted by 75234 because,
75234 = (7 x 104) + (5 x 103) + (2 x 102) + (3 x 101) + (4 x 100).
But there are other counting systems too, each with its own unique number, the powers of which are used to express values in associated calculations. This unique number is called the system's base (e.g. the decimal system's base is ten). And, although it may not sound all that exciting, it is something of a microcosm — understanding even the simpler mathematical techniques and ideas does empower us. For instance, let us now consider a sum,
34 + 33 + 32 + 31 + 30
which, whilst not especially difficult, does not provide any obvious shortcut to the answer of one hundred and twenty one. But what is true is that counting up various powers of three using the decimal system (which calculates using powers of ten) does not make a lot of sense when the answer is so clearly expressible in base three, as 11111.
Those of us who enjoy pastimes such as mathematics can suffer from our own progression. With passing years, we grow familiar with ever more grand ideas, allowing us to penetrate even the most complex problems. But all too often, this leads to a counter-productive mind-set, one which blinds us to obvious solutions as we begin to persuade ourselves that all problems require complicated solutions. How can we reconcile our desire to learn with our wish to solve problems effectively? Well, perhaps our answer lies with physical hobbies.
Any number could be written as 10 as long as you use the right base.
Whether involved in a team or an individual sport, top athletes will (either periodically or continuously) look to improve. Yet, whilst the honing of new skills is a marker of progress, it can take time before those skills are incorporated into a game without hindering an athlete's performance. Thus, an athlete may be encouraged to go back to basics (at least temporarily), that is, to rediscover those skills which allowed them to excel in the first place instead of over-complicating the game. With time, top athletes learn to draw on their most skillful techniques more effectually. This is a lesson which those who enjoy mathematics could borrow — new techniques may be swiftly learned but understanding how they fit in with previously acquired knowledge takes more time.
Perhaps the easiest way to conclude our piece is for us to collectively ask ourselves not why 10 is the answer to all sums, but rather what 10 is at all? 10 is just a notation used to describe precisely one lot of our chosen counting system's base as 10 is just an abbreviated way of writing
(1 x b1) + (0 x b0)
where b denotes our base. In other words, it is the coefficients of descending powers of b (i.e. the 1 and 0 above) which, together, form the notation 10. The choice of b itself is up to us, it could be anything. Generally, we use a base of ten (counting with the decimal system) and so 10 denotes the number ten. But, if we want it to, 10 can denote twelve or twenty seven or any number we wish so that, for example,
as long as we choose to express our answer in base five. Hence, the next time our reader sees the notation 10, we hope they may think: one, zero — a number which might not be ten. And the next time someone asks you a particularly tricky sum, you can tell them, without hesitation, that the answer is obviously one, zero!
About the authors
Ebrahim Patel and Andrew Irving are part of The Bees, a writing group aiming to promote the understanding and enjoyment of mathematical techniques.
"Aerodynamically, the bumble bee shouldn't be able to fly, but the bumble bee doesn't know it so it goes on flying anyway." (Mary Kay Ash)


text:
Race results from our events are listed below. Please keep in mind these results are unofficial. Official results are posted on the Series Points page.
Note: These results are streamed directly from the MyLaps server. If you do not see anything below this line it indicates a problem with the feed and not the NCK website, but you can always view our results directly on the MyLaps server at the following address. https://speedhive.mylaps.com/Organizations/91640


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I'm surprised the Amazon.ca pre-order is cheaper than our American counterpart. It is only $35.99 here.teal93mr2 said:
Wow the 3D version is $49.99 everywhere except $39.96 at Wal-Mart. I am all for exclusive figs, but that just seems a bit high to me, especially when the regular blu-ray version will probably run about $25.
The prices will drop by the time the release date rolls around. Amazon will price match Target and Walmart or whoever ends up being the cheapest and with their pre-order guarantee you will wind up getting whatever the best opening week deal is.teal93mr2 said:
Wow the 3D version is $49.99 everywhere except $39.96 at Wal-Mart. I am all for exclusive figs, but that just seems a bit high to me, especially when the regular blu-ray version will probably run about $25.
Yeah, same one is at Walmart. Scored mine for 29.96 I think. Way back when it first became available for pre-orderalijoezac said:
Misspelling (or pressed post too quickly) of "anywhere else in the UK". That's what the next sentence of the post you quoted explains...legomatt said:
Wonder if they found a bug in the discs at the manufacturer or somethingtomahawker said:
^^ All versions of TLM are showing as unavailable at Amazon. Hmm...
Seriously. I have ADD really bad.Legoboy said:
Naaa, 6 minutes is about right! ;-)
I'm not seeing anywhere that a 3D Disc is NOT included. It even says it on the box.Robb said:
Are there no current plans to release the full movie on Bluray 3D? The only mention of 3D is in the bonus mini-movie.
I'm getting the impression that this is like Disney's Frozen which was going to be released in full 3D Bluray, but was then pulled (probably in an attempt to get people to buy two versions of the movie when a 3D version is released later this fall).
I'm disappointed that a full 3D version is not being released with the regular Bluray/DVD release. I will probably just wait until a 3D version is announced.
I kind of wish my family had a 3D TV. Some movies still use 3D in a gimmicky way, but others use it very artfully (Hugo is a great example, as is Coraline), and I've become quite fond of watching movies in 3D now that the format seems to have mostly evolved beyond the gimmicky "theme park attraction" stage.Pitfall69 said:
^Possibly, but I love my 3D TV.
@klaatu003 If i recall correctly, I didn't bother with an avatar at first (I believe I uploaded it the day before those little default faces were implemented, whenever that was). It was just something I had on my computer and was meant only as a quick place-holder until i could think of something better. However, the effect (in unifying my posts to a single recognised voice) was both so immediate and efficacious it seemed wrong to change it.klatu003 said:
@legomatt Side question - Why is your profile picture of Kate Bush? (that picture always reads female and scrambles my easily scrambled brain). I used Google image search for the first time to find the source of your picture. Learn something new everyday.
The introduction of 3D sets from the beginning were a gimmick. These sets were pushed out to public being advertised as being the best experience one can watch a show or event in 3D format while sitting on your couch. Whether being an active or passive 3D TV set, it still sucked viewing them.....plus the extra cost buying them.yuffie said:
maybe this is the beginning of the end to the 3D fad
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Mount Pisgah Cemetery
Fulton, Mississippi20 miles from Golden, MS
Strange lights are reported to have been seen in the cemetery.
Read more »
Abandoned Butcher's Shop
Russellville, Alabama24.7 miles from Golden, MS
Not much info on this, apart from the fact that it is an old, abandoned butcher's shop on the side of this dirt road, about 1.5 miles south from Fletcher Road. See map for precise location. Locals get an eerie feeling around this building.
Read more »
Cinemark Theatre
Tupelo, Mississippi31.7 miles from Golden, MS
The most famous ghost haunting the Theatre is a ghost named Lola who is often seen doing work-like activities.
Read more »
Belle Mont Mansion
Tuscumbia, Alabama32.1 miles from Golden, MS
A former slave plantation, it is believed to be haunted by slaves that lived and died here and also possibly by the ghosts of its former owners.
Read more »
Winston House
Tuscumbia, Alabama32.7 miles from Golden, MS
In 1874, a tornado took the life of lady of the house Judith Winston, who was crushed beneath rubble. Her sons pulled her from the wreckage, but she died in the front bedroom on the eastern side. Since 1982, the 1824 house has been a museum and event space. Mrs. ...
Read more »
Lyric Theatre
Tupelo, Mississippi33.5 miles from Golden, MS
Staff of the Lyric Theatre have nicknamed their ghost "Antoine'. He is a mostly benevolent entity who apparently entertains himself by moving things around and humming. Sometimes his footsteps can be heard throughout the theater. Some people believe that he is possibly the ghost of a ...
Read more »
Ghost Bridge
Florence, Alabama35.6 miles from Golden, MS
Properly called Jackson Ford Bridge, there are currently plans to demolish the bridge due to vandalism and decay making for a safety hazard. Of course if people start dying, that will just add to its reputation as a haunted spot, so possibly Darwinism should be allowed to take place ...
Read more »
Forks of Cypress
Florence, Alabama36.1 miles from Golden, MS
This private property houses the infamous ghost bridge that has numerous claims of haunting. People claim to hear singing and voices in the area surrounding the property and some claim they have seen the apparition of a woman walking the grounds.
Read more »
Norton Auditorium - University of North Alabama
Florence, Alabama36.3 miles from Golden, MS
A ghost named George is said to live here, a former construction worker who fell from a scaffold as the place was being built.
Read more »
Generals' Quarters Inn
Corinth, Mississippi36.3 miles from Golden, MS
This historic inn is haunted according to guests staying on the second floor. A variety of paranormal activity has been reported, including ghostly voices, doors opening and closing of their own accord and lights going out for no apparent reason. Much of this activity has been attributed to a ...
Read more »
Haunted Tuscaloosa (Haunted America)
David Higdon
Haunted Mississippi Gulf Coast
Bud Steed
Haunted Meridian, Mississippi
Alan Brown
Off Campus Book Store - University of North Alabama
Florence, Alabama36.3 miles from Golden, MS
Locals tell a story that this building once was occupied by a young girl, Molly, who died in the 1930s or 1940s. Molly was bittem by her puppy, which had contracted rabies. Her ghost is said to look down from the upstairs window.
Read more »
Pope's Tavern
Florence, Alabama36.4 miles from Golden, MS
This historic museum operated as a hospital during the civil war, so the rumours of haunting's appear to have a leg to stand on; which can't be said for some of the apparitions supposedly reported. Staff and visitors have reported the apparitions of various amputees in the main bedroom ...
Read more »
Pope's Tavern Museum
Florence, Alabama36.4 miles from Golden, MS
Read more »
University of North Alabama - Romeo and Juliet statues
Florence, Alabama36.4 miles from Golden, MS
Several witnesses have reported seeing the statues of Romeo and Juliet floating around The University of North Alabama's campus during a full moon. Every year during Halloween a pumpkin mysteriously makes its way into Romeo's hands. Some faculty at UNA believe that Romeo goes in search of pumpkins for his ...
Read more »
Wesleyan Hall - University of North Alabama
Florence, Alabama36.5 miles from Golden, MS
This building, constructed in 1856, has a rich and interesting history. During the Civil War it was occupied by both Confederate and Union troops at different times. During the Confederate occupation General John Bell resided there and during the Union occupation, General Sherman himself stayed at Wesleyan. The ...
Read more »
Robert M. Guillot University Center
Florence, Alabama36.5 miles from Golden, MS
Reportedly haunted by the ghost of a woman who hanged herself back in the day when the Center was a teaching college. Supposedly you can still hear what sounds like the body swaying on the second floor.
Read more »
Sweetwater Plantation
Florence, Alabama38.8 miles from Golden, MS
The home of a former Alabama governor, it is reportedly haunted. Many people believe the ghost is that of the Governor's son who died in the Civil War.
Read more »
Shiloh National Military Park
Shiloh, Tennessee46.5 miles from Golden, MS
The 1862 Battle of Shiloh meant death for thousands of soldiers, several of whom are rumored to still haunt the battlefield. Many tales and legends surround the battlefield, and visitors may see apparitions and hear phantom gunshots, drumming, footsteps, and voices. The nearby pond is said to occasionally turn red, ...
Read more »
Highway 5 Ghost
Lynn, Alabama47.4 miles from Golden, MS
The ghost of a woman who died after being hit by a truck is said to haunt this stretch of road.
Read more »
Pontotoc, Mississippi50 miles from Golden, MS
Employees claim that it is haunted.
Read more »
The Haunted Natchez Trace
Bud Steed
Haunting of Mississippi, The
Barbara Sillery
Mississippi's Haunted Mansions
Jill Pascoe
Gregg Hamilton House
Aberdeen, Mississippi50.4 miles from Golden, MS
A former resident at this historic house reported seeing the apparition of an elderly African American maid in a black dress on many occasions. She was regarded as a kindly presence, and would often help those in distress. (Submitted by Callum Swift)
Read more »
Winston County Courthouse
Double Springs, Alabama50.7 miles from Golden, MS
I worked there as a jailor in the county jail there in the old part when it was on the 2nd floor. Had several experiences: a padlock moving on its own, and you can feel like there are a lot of people in the hallways late at night when ...
Read more »
Auto Zone
Moulton, Alabama51.9 miles from Golden, MS
The land this was built on was at one time a cemetery. Allegedly there is a photo that shows a ghost in it.
Read more »
William B. Bankhead National Forest
Golden, Alabama52.1 miles from Golden, MS
There are several websites out there that state something to the effect of "Aunt Johnson would hang anyone who trespassed on her property and the rope can still be seen to this day." Does no one ever stop to wonder precisely how a middle-aged woman would manage to hang a ...
Read more »
Jazz Man - Second Creek Bridge
Rogersville, Alabama52.5 miles from Golden, MS
Urban legend tells of a man who was hit by a car and killed while walking across this bridge. His spirit has been seen wearing a white zoot suit, and he may try to catch a ride with you to Florence. If you agree to give him a ride, witnesses ...
Read more »
Asbury Cemetery
Houston, Mississippi55 miles from Golden, MS
Reported at this graveyard have been many strange phenomena, such as an intense feeling of being watched, the sound of unexplained voices, and a sudden urge to flee quickly from the site. Many car accidents are said to have happened because people were trying to flee as fast as they ...
Read more »
Clifton Public Library
Clifton, Tennessee63.1 miles from Golden, MS
The ghost of a man in white roams the wooded area and field behind the library branch. (Submitted by Callum Swift)
Read more »
Easly Cemetery
Jasper, Alabama63.7 miles from Golden, MS
Reported sightings of paranormal activity at this cemetery include a fiery orb that floats through the air.
Read more »
Waverly Plantation
West Point, Mississippi65.8 miles from Golden, MS
The Waverly is haunted by the ghost of a young girl who is apparently searching for her mother and also by a man in military uniform who is prone to appearing in mirrors. Objects move of their own accord.
Read more »
Highland House
Columbus, Mississippi69.3 miles from Golden, MS
The early-1900s Highland House, no longer in operation as an inn, was said to be haunted by the ghost of a housekeeper who set fire to the master's previous house after he turned away her advances. Witnesses have heard voices and seen doors open and close on their own.
Read more »
Haunted Natchez
Alan Brown
Haunted Vicksburg
Alan Brown
Three Legged Lady Road - Nash Road
Columbus, Mississippi69.3 miles from Golden, MS
The three-legged lady is an urban legend unique to Mississippi. There are numerous variations of exactly who the three-legged lady was, and how she came by her three legs. They generally involve the death of a lover/husband which results in her sewing her dead lover's leg onto her ...
Read more »
Temple Heights Mansion
Columbus, Mississippi69.6 miles from Golden, MS
Temple Heights Mansion was built in 1837 by General Richard T. Brownrigg and changed owners several times until retired Methodist minister named J.H. Kennebrew moved in with his wife and five children: Daisy, Laura, Jessie, Ruth and Elizabeth. It is Elizabeth who is said to haunt the house now. Her ...
Read more »
Wisteria Mansion
Columbus, Mississippi69.6 miles from Golden, MS
The current and previous owners of the house have reported seeing a man in a white shirt rushing past the kitchen window towards the front door, however when they open the door, the man has vanished. (Submitted by Callum Swift)
Read more »
Magnolia Manor Bed and Breakfast
Bolivar, Tennessee69.9 miles from Golden, MS
Built in 1849, this manor house has a ghost, or several, residing within. Every room has been known to presence of ghosts. In Annie's Room, the motion detectors go off and voices are heard when no one is there. A male and a female apparition have been seen in the ...
Read more »
Callaway Hall - Mississippi University for Women
Columbus, Mississippi69.9 miles from Golden, MS
Reportedly haunted by a ghost named Mary.
Read more »
Lincoln House Bed and Breakfast
Columbus, Mississippi70.1 miles from Golden, MS
This house was the first residence of the Columbus mayor back when it was built in 1833. The has been restored, and is now a bed and breakfast. Guests have reported strange occurrences here, such as he apparition of a lady in a white dress and a hovering cloud that ...
Read more »
Princess Theatre
Columbus, Mississippi70.1 miles from Golden, MS
The theatre has been renovated from a theatre to a cinema several times, which has caused unrest among the spirits that reside here. They include the former owner of the theatre and the ghost of a shadowy figure who likes to stand on the theatre balcony. (Submitted by Callum Swift)
Read more »
Armstrong Road - Railway Tracks
Columbus, Mississippi70.3 miles from Golden, MS
Reported to be haunted by the ghost of a woman who committed suicide by train after her husband died in an accident on the tracks.
Read more »
Cry Baby Hollow Bridge
Hartselle, Alabama70.4 miles from Golden, MS
Various urban legends have arisen around the claims that Cry Baby Hollow and the bridge going across it are haunted. A baby is said to have died there, either from murder, a car accident, a wagon accident from pioneer days, or variations on the theme. People claim to ...
Read more »
Friendship Cemetery
Columbus, Mississippi70.8 miles from Golden, MS
In the area where the Civil War graves are the ghost of a Confederate soldier has been seen roaming between the graves.
Read more »
Haunted Places: The National Directory
Dennis William Hauck
Athens Limestone County Courthouse
Athens, Alabama72.5 miles from Golden, MS
The third floor of this historic courthouse formerly housed a row of cells, dating back to the early twentieth century. This floor is allegedly haunted by an inmate who hanged himself in one of the cells, where visitors have reported feeling a sad presence. (Submitted by Callum Swift)
Read more »
Founders Hall - Athens State University
Athens, Alabama72.9 miles from Golden, MS
According to legend, a female student was killed while she was trying to sneak out after curfew. They were holding candles, and her hair caught fire. It is to her that witnesses attribute the sound of footsteps, lights that turn on and off by themselves, cold spots, and a phantom ...
Read more »
McCandless Hall - Athens State College
Athens, Alabama72.9 miles from Golden, MS
Reportedly haunted by the ghost of a young singer who died on the night of her greatest triumph. Having promised her adoring audience she would return, she was killed in an accident on the way. Shortly thereafter, sightings of a young woman in white roaming the hall began ...
Read more »
Jack's Restaurant
Parrish, Alabama73.6 miles from Golden, MS
You may experience the presence of a Native American ghost named Mary who knocks things over, plays electrical pranks, alters the temperature, and whispers over the drive-through speakers.
Read more »
Rowan Oak
Oxford, Mississippi76.7 miles from Golden, MS
Even the name of William Faulkner's home is an ode to the mythic. Legend has it that Faulkner still haunts the rooms and grounds of Rowan Oak.
Read more »
St. Anthony Hall - Delta Psi
Golden, Mississippi77.5 miles from Golden, MS
Reportedly haunted by a former frat boy.
Read more »
Woodland Hospital
Cullman, Alabama80.1 miles from Golden, MS
Although this hospital is now closed and operates a geriatric-psych ward, employees tell tales of "Homer" a ghost who roamsthe halls. He is known to flush toilets, independently operate ice machines and brush past people leaving them with chills. Both staff and patients of this former hospital have ...
Read more »
High Hill Church
Parrish, Alabama80.3 miles from Golden, MS
This church and cemetery is believed to be haunted by locals. Locals report seeing people in the cemetery late at night. Some locals have witnessed crowds of people which resembled a revival late at night at the church even though the church has been abandoned for years. One ...
Read more »
Little Vine Cemetery
Golden, Alabama83.2 miles from Golden, MS
Possibly among the most inane of haunted reports, people claim to see a green light in the cemetery at night.
Read more »
Shelton Park
Madison, Alabama84.7 miles from Golden, MS
Locals tell a tale of playground sounds that can be heard at night: children laughing, playing and having fun. However, they say eventually the happy noises turn to unhappy ones, as if the children are screaming for their lives.
Read more »
The Ghost Hunter's Field Guide
Rich Newman
Haunted Schools: True Ghost Stories
Allan Zullo
» Cemeteries near Golden, MS
» Find museums in Golden, MS


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Family and Cosmetic Dentistry
in Tempe, AZ
At the office of Doctors Stephen Thomas and John Roskos in Tempe, Arizona, you will find a gentle atmosphere where you can relax and receive unparalleled dentistry.
Our goal is to provide you with excellent dentistry utilizing cutting-edge dental technology. At Thomas and Roskos, we use advanced diagnostics to ensure that you receive the best available and most comprehensive treatment options. You are entitled to be educated about all of your options in order to make a decision that fits your needs.


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Why study with us
Why study with us
The IMM Graduate School is a distance learning institution, allowing you to study from anywhere, with the added benefit of not having to attend classes on a daily basis. This gives you a flexible alternative to getting your qualification. Our distance learning approach accommodates your work and other commitments, and makes it possible for you to manage your studies at any time.
Because our core focus is on distance learning, and has been for the past 60 years, we fully understand the needs of our students and the challenges involved in distance learning. That's why the IMM Graduate School has developed a support system to help you as you progress in this exciting journey to attain your chosen qualification. There's no need to feel you're doing this on your own, we'll be beside you every step of the way.
Your academic development is our primary concern and we are committed to doing whatever possible to ensure that your association with the IMM Graduate School is enjoyable, productive and rewarding. You will have access to our extensive support services to help you develop your own skills, learn new skills and prepare yourself for an industry relevant career.
We believe that your academic qualification should equip you for your career. The content and activities in our curricula are academically sound and industry relevant. We ensure that our qualifications include the application of theory and real-life business situations. Our consistent focus on industry relevance ensures that we remain specialists in preparing students for the world of work.
The IMM Graduate School prides itself in producing professionally qualified and well-equipped graduates who are able to practice effectively in the business environment. We are constantly advancing our learning materials and finding new ways to help you expand your knowledge base.
Whilst specialising in Marketing and Supply Chain Management, you will be exposed to Strategy, Finance, Business Management, Research, and much more. When you graduate you will leave with not only a qualification in your area of specialisation, but will also have obtained a solid skill set in general management, allowing you to choose from a vast array of interesting career options in a broad spectrum of industries.
IMM Graduate School programmes are HEQSF-aligned and registered by SAQA, and the IMM Graduate School is quality-assured by the Council of Higher Education (CHE), ensuring the highest academic standards are maintained. These high standards require that you work diligently and consistently towards obtaining your qualification, with the ultimate goal of becoming a successful business person and leader.
As a result of the IMM Graduate School maintaining these high standards, once you complete your qualification, you will be in "a class apart". You will be sought after in the industry – as the IMM Graduate School qualifications are asked for by name.


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100% of Student Passage of State-Required Tests!
Friends University art education students have an exceptionally high rate of passage on state-required content tests. To the tune of 100 percent! By sharing your passion for and knowledge of the visual arts, you can empower others to find their creative voices and tell their stories.
Art Education
Start your future in art education.
Program Highlights
Teaching exceptional skill & unique creative thought.
An art education degree at Friends University prepares students to become successful art teachers of exceptional skill and unique creative thought. It encourages the exploration of values through visual images.
Student Exhibitions
Regular student exhibitions help to generate community awareness of the art and art education program at Friends University, helping it generate a stellar reputation over the last several decades.
Devotion to creative and critical skills
Art education courses provide an environment and curriculum devoted to developing skills, stimulating critical thinking, and expressing creativity within the framework of a Christian liberal arts program.
Partnerships with art galleries
The art education program is visible in the community through partnerships with art galleries that provide students places to display their artwork created in the required courses, such as paintings, drawings, sculptures, printmaking and ceramics.
Interactive Classrooms
Collaborative instruction in interactive classroom environments
Passionate Faculty
Accessible educators with real-world experience and expertise
Career Services
Helpful career guidance
Program Outcomes
The art education program prepares students to teach in grades PreK-12. This four-year program includes an internship in both the elementary and secondary schools during the fall semester of the senior year. Graduates are licensed to teach by the state of Kansas after successfully completing the degree and passing the Principles of Learning and Teaching Exam (PLT). Other requirements (not for licensure) include a cumulative 2.75 grade point average with no "D" grades in the major. This degree is designed by art educators to fully instruct students in the latest and best techniques of teaching art. Computerized equipment is available for student use in the newly remodeled facilities.
- The teacher education candidate will demonstrate an appropriate level of content and pedagogical knowledge.
- Demonstrate knowledge of content to be taught.
- Demonstrate knowledge of students' skills, knowledge and prerequisite relationships.
- Demonstrate knowledge of content-related pedagogy.
- Demonstrate the ability to design coherent instruction.
- Demonstrate the ability to assess and evaluate student learning.
- Provide quality feedback to students and colleagues.
KSDE Standards 1, 2 and 3. KPTP Focus Area A: analysis of Contextual Information
- The teacher education candidate will develop and implement an appropriate learning environment where all students are engaged and on task.
- Recognize and implement factors related to development of a classroom environment of respect and rapport.
- Establish appropriate expectations for learning and achievement.
- Demonstrate the ability to manage common non-instructional duties.
- Demonstrate the ability to manage student behavior appropriately.
- Demonstrate the ability to engage all students in learning.
KSDE Standards 3, 4, 7, 11 and 12. KPTP Focus Area B: Analysis of Learning Environment Factors
- The teacher education candidate will appropriately implement and adapt instruction for diverse learners to ensure all learners meet expectations.
- Demonstrate the ability to communicate clearly and accurately.
- Demonstrate the ability to use questioning and discussion techniques appropriately.
- Demonstrate flexibility and responsiveness toward a diverse population.
- Demonstrate knowledge of age group characteristics.
- Demonstrate knowledge of students' varied approaches to learning.
- Demonstrate knowledge of students' interest and cultural heritage.
KSDE Standards 4, 11 and 12. KPTP Focus Area C: Instructional Implementation. KPTP Focus Area D: Analysis of Classroom Environment
- The teacher education candidate will demonstrate appropriate professional behaviors.
- Reflect on teaching and its effect on learners' performance.
- Maintain accurate records of attendance, lesson completion, and student progress.
- Serve appropriately as student advocate.
- Communicate appropriately with families.
- Maintain cordial relationships with colleagues.
KSDE Standards 5, 6 and 8. KPTP Focus Area E: Analysis of Assessment Procedures. KPTP Focus Area F: Reflection and Self Evaluation
Featured Faculty
Doug Billings
- Printmaking
- Fine Arts
- BFA Mankato State University; MFA Wichita State University
Natalie Brown
- Art Education
- Fine Arts
- M.F.A., Wichita State University; B.F.A., Kansas State University
Sara Harmon
- Web Design
- Fine Arts
Aaron Krone
- Associate Professor of Art
- Fine Arts
- B.A., Friends University; M.F.A., Fort Hays State University
Donalyn Manion
- Assistant Professor Visual Arts; Program Director Visual Arts
- Fine Arts
- Bachelor of Fine Arts in Graphic Design, Wichita State University; Master of Fine Arts in Media Design, Full Sail University
Charlotte Martin
- Ceramics
- Fine Arts
Lauren Miller
- Computer Print Technologies
- Fine Arts
- B.A., Friends University


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The lone remaining City Council race stands to determine the balance of power in San Diego's City Hall.
And then there was one. Out of nine city council districts—five of which were up for grabs in the June 5th primary—only one remains without a definitive answer as to who will be its representative to the city government. District 3's Todd Gloria ran uncontested, as did District 5's Mark Kersey; Marti Emerald cruised in the newly created District 9 taking 72% of the vote in the primary and winning it outright; and in District 7, Scott Sherman earned just barely enough of the vote with 50.09% to lock up his own election (in city council races, any candidate who earns 50% plus 1 of the overall vote is declared the winner outright, eliminating the need to carry on through the November general election).
The lone remaining undecided city council race is in District 1, where incumbent Democrat Sherri Lightner finished a close second to Republican challenger Ray Ellis. Which is surprising, and then again not surprising, since of the four contestants in the race, two of them were Democrats.
Sherri Lightner earned 41.5% of the vote in District 1, where fellow Democrat Bryan Pease garnered 7.1% and Republican Dennis Ridz 5.7%, with Pease far more liberal than Lightner. The metrics would seem to favor Lightner, albeit ever so slightly.
A little about District 1: The new boundaries extend from La Jolla and University City up through Del Mar Mesa and Carmel Valley. It is one of the wealthier locales of San Diego, and yet Democrats hold a slight voter registration advantage of nearly three thousand registered voters according to the Registrar of Voters. And like much of the rest of San Diego, it also claims a "Decline to State" electorate of nearly 1/3. District 1 is also the epicenter of the biotechnology industry in San Diego centered around UCSD.
It's an important race, however, one that could very well determine the future direction of the City of San Diego. It will determine the balance of power between Democrats and Republicans on the City Council, which is currently split evenly between the two parties, giving one party a distinct edge in which policies get adopted. And although the city council and mayoral race is officially non-partisan, in this election year they have been anything but. It's a distinction that takes on even more significance should Carl DeMaio defeat Bob Filner in the mayor's race.
For her part, Lightner doesn't necessarily see it that way. "It really is not right now," she said about the race as it's related to party affiliation. "It's about the special interests that are trying to gain control of the city council rather than the community actually controlling it," Lightner said. "We know who is behind my opponent, and who view this as a power grab to take the council from the people."
She pointed out that with the "balance of power" comes the council presidency, the committee appointments and policy directions of the city. "That speaks to our entire future," she said.
"Are we going to be in lock step with the special interests, or are we going to do what the community wants?"
Asked to define the term "special interests," Lightner defined it in terms of her opponent, Ray Ellis: "We know he's met with Mr. Manchester along with Carl DeMaio. We also know that at every debate he shows up to he says he's been endorsed by every business group that's done endorsements in this race, which I know is the Building Industry Association and the general contractors."
Ellis, she says, has tried to characterize himself as an independent not aligned with any special interests, but "he has yet to answer any questions related to social issues. He does a circuitous response." She says Ellis has not answered any questions related to San Diego's living wage ordinance, gay marriage, or his position on Planned Parenthood. "He was asked the living wage question and he didn't answer it," she said.
"You want people to be able to live here," Lightner said of the living wage ordinance. "If you don't pay people enough, you wind up paying on the other end for them for the services they need from society. I think it's far better to give people the pride of being able to take care of themselves" she said in regard to the living wage ordinance and its effect on the city.
"I worked in the UCSD dish room and I was glad to do it because the university had a standard that was above minimum wage. With that I earned $2.12 an hour instead of $1.65 which is what I would have earned off site, and it's the difference between working 24 hours and 18 hours while you're going to school, and that was huge."
The living wage ordinance is important, she said, because "this is one of the ways in the past where government contractors were more or less forced to do certain things that then set the standard for the private sector. It's treating women equally, treating minorities equally, equal pay for equal work. It's the same with the living wage."
"It's important for the city to set the standard for the rest of the employers here in town."
Asked specifically about her performance and accomplishments while a member of the City Council, Lightner said that she had "achieved what I set out to achieve which was to bring the neighborhoods to City Hall, restore fiscal stability and get to work on an economic plan for the City of San Diego. With respect to bringing the neighborhoods to City Hall, I have represented my communities very, very well. Our constituent services are second to none."
"When I started (San Diego) had a $200 million deficit. The employees made a lot of sacrifices, and so did the taxpayers with reduced services. We're now back to the level of services we were when I started. We have a dinky, tiny little surplus and we're hoping that stays around. We've seen a lot of changes, but now we can actually secure bonds and go after our deferred maintenance and infrastructure requirements."
As a part of the infrastructure improvement process, Lightner said that they discovered that some of the procedures the city followed were "perhaps not the best," which led to an overhaul of the capital improvement program which will make it easier to get infrastructure projects done now and in the future.
As a member of the Economic Development and Strategies Committee, Lightner says she has taken a lead role in pushing the Council to take a greater interest in economic development. "We've been trying to get a new economic development strategy from the mayor's office since I came on the council. The last one that was done was in 2001." The best they've gotten since, she says, was a preliminary report released in January that she says was a "characterization of the different clusters that are here and not a vision of what we want here in the city.
The city auditor, she said, told the economic development committee that "you really should have a goal; you should have objectives; you should have performance measures, and it's not just a descriptor of what we have here." There are a number of incentive programs on the books, she says, that have never been used or have been used only once, and it's unclear if those incentives have worked or would work.
She specifically pointed to a program where the city could offer rebates to companies on a part of the sales taxes that they pay on investments on equipment that they buy, which she says would "defray the cost of the investment." The City Attorney put forward an opinion that was not favorable to that particular program, but it's done in Los Angeles, she says, and it has been done in the past here in San Diego, and she would like to see the City Council take another look at it.
On issues specifically pertinent to District 1: Unlike her opponent, Lightner is a staunch opponent to the proposed Regents Rd. Bridge that would span Rose Canyon, connecting the northern and southern portions of the road and potentially destroy a significant portion of the open space park. It's an issue that has been bitterly divisive in the district for years.
Proponents say it would relieve the traffic congestion on Genessee Ave. Opponents, including Lightner, say that the bridge is not necessary. "It's not needed for traffic congestion reasons or measurement reasons whatsoever. We know that the trolley's coming to the Golden Triangle. That should be in 2017. We're also going to get more support to get traffic in and out of UCSD directly, and also the northern part of University City."
"South University City does not need to be the freeway onramp for University City," she said.
Lightner said she supports the city's shared use policy at the Children's Pool that has been in place since 2004. The issue, she said, was a "people on people" issue with regards to people getting injured, and had nothing to do with the seals. She said she has "worked very hard" to find outside funding for a ranger to monitor the site and prevent problems. To her knowledge, she said, the seals have never been hurt.
The La Jolla Post Office is an issue of particular significance for Lightner. "The Post Office is the lifeblood of the Village of La Jolla. It's really an economic hub and it's a cultural hub. We don't want to see it go away." She noted that Congresswoman Susan Davis is bringing legislation to the floor of Congress that would allow for a non-profit to get the right of first refusal to take over the site if they can raise fair market value for it.
The building is significant because it contains a mural painted as a part of the Depression era Works Progress Administration during the Roosevelt Administration. It was announced that the USPS was considering placing the site on a list for potential sale to private interests as a part of its budget cuts.
When asked about her support of Prop B, the pension reform initiative, the sure demeanor she displayed throughout the rest of the interview changed markedly. Much like her City Council colleague Lorie Zapf, Lightner seemed desperately unaware of what the new San Diego ordinance would actually do. When confronted with the results of a report released just prior to the October 1st City Council meeting that found that Prop B's switch to a 401k program for all new city employees would cost the city $30 million over and above the current pension plan, Lightner was completely flummoxed. "It could be," she replied when confronted with the updated estimates of the additional costs.
She said she still supports the idea of switching employees to a 401k system. "Either one should work if financed correctly," she said. But the 401k plan, she said, limits the city's liability over the long term. When asked in what way it does so, she struggled to answer.
"The reason we got in trouble with the defined benefit was by underfunding it," she finally replied. "This would definitely put it in the control of the employees. They would have control of their pensions." When confronted with the fact that putting them in the stock market puts them at risk for losing everything, as would have happened when the markets crashed in 2008, she said "well that would have happened anyway."
"When we talked about how to set up the 401k's, there's already talk about how that will be in very secure funds as opposed to….you know people will have the option of doing what they want with it." It was an answer that seemed to contradict the entire argument; either the employees will be left on their own, or their retirement funds will be placed in "very secure funds." When challenged on this, she again struggled to answer and provide a distinction.
"The 401k options will be discussed in the near term," she finally offered. "The have to have the actuarial evaluations performed on them." She noted that she has both a 401k and a defined benefit package of her own, and that with the 401k you "can change it 'round." "I don't know if that option will be available to city employees, or if it will be all managed accounts. I don't know how this will be set up," she said.
Seems like an awful lot of uncertainty surrounding a proposition that was presented to the voting public by its proponents with nothing but certainty and absolutes.
Correction: This version corrects an earlier version identifying Dennis Ridz as a Democrat.
Follow Andy on Twitter at @AndyCohenSD


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Garlic Presses - View our range of Garlic Presses here at Anthony Ryans cookware shop, offering excellent quality Garlic Presses to suit your needs.
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Israeli DelegitimizationWritten by Stephen Lendman Subject: Israel
Under the UN Charter, other international law, and principles of sovereign equality, all states are equal. None are more or less legitimate than others.
Under the 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, Israel qualifies as one. It has:
• a fixed recognizable territory;
• a permanent population;
• a functioning government; and
• the capacity to have relations with other countries.
At issue isn't its legal nation state legitimacy. Its lawless ideology is illegitimate. It's corrosive, destructive, racist, extremist, undemocratic and hateful. It claims Jewish supremacy, specialness and uniqueness as God's "chosen people."
It espouses violence, not peaceful coexistence. It chooses confrontation over diplomacy. It employs strength through militarism, intimidation, and naked aggression. It's contemptuous of moral values and ethical principles.
According to Joel Kovel, it's "a machine for the manufacture of human rights abuses." Alan Hart calls it "the real enemy of the Jews," and no wonder. It's a monster threatening its host and all humanity, especially in partnership with its Washington paymaster/partner.
In his June 30, 2011 article titled, "Israel and the Issue of Delegitimization: An Analysis," Lawrence Davidson said:
"....Israel's imperial and discriminatory policies are not a function of the ethno-religious definition of the state. But what happens if Israel's tactics and policies are not just opportunistic, but indeed structural?"
"What if the behavior of the government flows from the very nature of a country designed first and foremost for a specific group," alone? "If that is the case, you cannot separate out criticism of this or that policy from criticism of the very character of the Israeli polity. The state and its behavior are inseparable."
At issue is Israel, or any state, established for a specific group only, discriminating against and segregating its minorities, governing this way by law and practice, and spurning civil and human rights, as well as other democratic values in the process.
As a result, Israel's structure and practices lack legitimacy. It's not just occupation, says Davidson, it's how it treats Israeli Arabs (one-fifth of its population) and "Zionism as a guiding socio-political ideology that is illegitimate."
As long as it persists, Israel "will constantly be hoisting itself with its own petard," ably assisted by civil society worldwide. The Global BDS movement for boycott, divestment, and sanctions shows notable successes. Others will follow until Israel complies with international law and human rights principles for Occupied Palestinians, Israeli Arabs, and Palestinian diaspora refugees.
Its achievements raise serious concerns in Israel with good reason. Davidson calls the movement "the very best long term strategy for those who wish to force Israel to rid itself of what makes it truly illegitimate - its Zionist ideology."
Not according to the Tel Aviv-based Reut Institute's (RI) November 25 report headlined, "2011: The Year We Punched Back on the Assault on Israel's Legitimacy," saying:
"Israel and its allies have achieved small but significant 'triumphs.' " Admitting that "dangerous" delegitimization momentum continues, efforts "from international forums to university campuses" persist against it.
Much more, it says, must be done "to harness the support of liberal and progressive circles. Their denunciation of delegitimization is (important to enlist) because they hold the banner of universal values and human rights...."
Unexplained was how gaining their support is possible while Israel spurns international law, discriminates against Israeli Arabs, practices apartheid, and governs Palestine repressively as a colonial occupier despite worldwide condemnation.
Acceptance by civil society demands obeying international law, respecting human and civil rights, embracing other democratic values, ending its repressive occupation, and treating all its citizens equally. Nothing less will work. It's a lesson Israel, its ideological followers, and defenders never learned.
Third Annual BDS Conference
On December 17, it was held at Hebron's Children's Happiness Center '"to expand Palestinian civil society's active implementation of BDS as an effective and popular strategy of civil resistance, that is deeply rooted in the Palestinian struggle."
Since founded in July 2005, BDS gained worldwide recognition and support in pressuring Israel through economic, cultural and academic boycotts.
At issue are liberation, independence, self-determination within 1967 borders, the right of return, East Jerusalem as its capital, a just peace, and world recognition as a sovereign state with full de jure UN membership.
Many challenges remain. Over 450 attendees discussed them and successes to date, including through interactive discussions and workshops. Topics included:
• promoting BDS as effective popular resistance;
• boycotting Israel internationally: successes, challenges and prospects; and
• boycotting Israel locally: realistic programs and challenges.
Simultaneous workshops followed for students and youths, women's organizations, civil society institutions, formal labor (ministries, municipalities, and governorates), private sector groups, popular committees against the Separation Wall and settlements, and international BDS.
European BNC coordinator Michael Deas discussed successes on the continent, saying:
"BDS is now the main framework for solidarity." By maintaining momentum, "we are very close to closing the European market to Israel."
According to Adam Horowitz, journalist and BDS activist, conditions in America are much different because of the Israeli Lobby's power, availability of few Israeli products, and inadequate financial support. Nonetheless, progress has been achieved, including boycotting Ahava products and attracting new members.
Discussion also focused on encouraging Palestinians to boycott Israeli products and buy their own. Also to get Palestinian businesses to support BDS. Economist Ibrahim Shikaki noted no lack of effective alternatives, just inadequate political will to end Palestine's economic dependency on Israel.
Sustaining cooperative, unified efforts for common goals is how great victories are won. Palestinians have millions of worldwide supporters. Dedicated BDS activists globally stand resolutely with them for justice.
Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago and can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Also visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com and listen to cutting-edge discussions with distinguished guests on the Progressive Radio News Hour on the Progressive Radio Network Thursdays at 10AM US Central time and Saturdays and Sundays at noon. All programs are archived for easy listening.
1 Comments in Response to Israeli Delegitimization
I quoth:
{{At issue isn't its legal nation state legitimacy. Its lawless ideology is illegitimate. It's corrosive, destructive, racist, extremist, undemocratic and hateful. It claims Jewish supremacy, specialness and uniqueness as God's "chosen people."}
Gee, I think I heard that kind of thing before about somebody else. Oh yes, the MUSLIM WORLD that surrounds it and showers it with hate on a daily basis and claims Muslim supremacy as Allah's chosen people.
{{It espouses violence, not peaceful coexistence. It chooses confrontation over diplomacy. It employs strength through militarism, intimidation, and naked aggression.}}
Hmm. Heard that one before too. Oh yes, THE ENTIRE MUSLIM WORLD.
{{It's contemptuous of moral values and ethical
According to Joel Kovel, it's "a machine for the manufacture of human rights abuses." Alan Hart calls it "the real enemy of the Jews," and no wonder. It's a monster threatening its host and all humanity, especially in partnership with its Washington paymaster/partner.}}
Aha! Paymaster/partner! I heard that one before, from moi. Lendman's paymaster is the MUSLIMS and his partner is the HARD LEFTISTS.
Hence his whole dam crapola article was just about HIMSELF :)
Speaking of Ron Paul, here's a fun factoid about his shady past:


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The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) recognizes the need of some persons with disabilities for an assistance animal, and the legal obligation of Florida housing providers to make reasonable accommodations to allow for such animals.
Persons with various types of disabilities may need an assistance animal in their home to have an equal opportunity to use and enjoy their housing. These disabilities may or may not be known or obvious to a housing provider.
What is an Florida Emotional Support Animal
Assistance animals do work, perform tasks, assist, and/or provide therapeutic emotional support for individuals with disabilities that affect major life activities. A trained Florida service animal is considered an assistance animal. They are not pets and generally are animals commonly kept in the household.
Examples of tasks include guiding an individual who is blind or providing therapeutic emotional support with respect to an individual's mental disability affecting a major life activity.
Housing providers in Florida may not exclude or charge a fee or deposit for assistance animals, including emotional support animals and service animals.
Fair Housing Act (FHA)
The Fair Housing Act (FHA) makes it unlawful for a housing provider to refuse to make a reasonable accommodation that a person with a disability in Florida may need in order to have equal opportunity to enjoy and use a dwelling.
Housing discrimination is conduct in which an individual or family is treated unequally when trying to buy, rent, lease, sell, or finance a dwelling based on certain 'protected categories' known as 'classes' like:
- race
- color
- disability
- religion
- sex
- national origin
- or familial status [pregnant or presence of children under 18yrs of age].
Housing discrimination is often misidentified, ignored, or it just goes completely undetected.
Florida landlords are allowed to deny housing on the basis of legitimate business reasons. A few examples of this include credit history, income, references from past landlords, and past behavior, such as damaging property.
Emotional Support Animals Notice For Emotional Support Animals And Service Animals
Over the years, HUD's Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO) has issued guidance clarifying the rights and obligations under the FHA regarding assistance animals. Here, HUD's best practices includes information regarding:
- The difference between assistance animals and pets;
- The types of accommodations that a housing provider may need to grant, such as exceptions to no-animal policies, deposits, or fees that are ordinarily charged for animals;
- Assessing whether an animal is a service animal or an assistance animal other than a service animal (sometimes referred to as a support animal);
- Permissible inquiries regarding assistance animals, particularly if the individual's disability or disability-related need for an animal is non-obvious or non-observable, or not otherwise known to the housing provider;
- The type of verification and documentation that a housing provider may request regarding an individual's disability and disability-related need for an assistance animal;
- Descriptions of the typical types of assistance animals, an example of a unique type of animal that provides disability-related assistance and guidance on handling requests involving more than one animal; and
- Other best practices regarding reasonable accommodations for assistance animals.
What's Covered Under The Federal Housing Act
HUD's guidance applies only to Florida housing, including public and common use areas of housing developments and facilities covered by the FHA, including apartments, condominiums, cooperatives, single family homes, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, group homes, and other types of housing covered by the FHA. Some types of short-term temporary shelter are not covered by the FHA.
Florida Housing Exceptions Under the Federal Housing Act
There are four major exceptions to the Fair Housing Act:
- Single family homes, as long as:
- The home is also rented or sold by the owner;
- The owner does not own more than three homes at a time;
- The advertising for the sale or rental was not discriminatory; and
- The owner did not use a real estate or broker
- Rooms or units in a building with a maximum of four units, as long as the owner is living in one of those units;
- Rooms or units owned either directly or indirectly by a religious organization. This is true only if preference is only given on the basis of that membership, and membership in that religion is not restricted by race, color, or nationality; and
- Rooms or units owned by a private organization for non-commercial use, as long as preference is only given on the basis of membership to that organization and is not restricted by race, color, or nationality
Fair Housing Act Complaints in Florida
Fair Housing Act complaints involving requests for reasonable accommodation for emotional support animals and service animals. account for nearly 30% of all FHA complaints, where the majority of those complaints involve the denial of a reasonable accommodation to a person who has a physical or mental disability that the housing provider cannot readily observe.
The Proliferation of Fake Documentation Bought Online
The online sale of so-called "certificates" for emotional support animals and service animals. is often a scam. According to HUD, "documentation from websites that sell certificates, registrations, and licensing documents and animal gear for animals to anyone who answers certain questions or participates in a short interview and pays a fee is not sufficient to reliably establish that an individual has a non-observable disability or disability-related need for an assistance animal."
Do You Think You've Been Discriminated
If you feel you have been discriminated against, it is important that you begin by filing a complaint with the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity. Complaints must be filed within one year of the last date of the alleged discrimination. Unfortunately, most complaints don't make it past the filing stage.
Can a Fair Housing Complaint Help Me
A fair housing complaint is a federal administrative process investigated HUD. This is not a state or local civil issue, so Courts are bypassed, thereby making participation easier.
HUD has the authority to take depositions, issue subpoenas and interrogatories, and compel testimony or documents – so a fair housing complaint is feared by any property owner, landlord, property management firm, RE Agent, mortgage broker or anyone involved in the housing process.
HUD can issue a charge of discrimination against anyone, or any organization, if reasonable cause exists to believe discrimination has occurred. A Charge of Discrimination could lead to serious consequences which are almost always avoided by negotiating a mutually agreeable settlement called a Conciliation Agreement.
Simply put- a well-executed fair housing complaint can yield tangible results for any victim of housing discrimination because of the federal leverage is real.
There are also no direct costs associated with filing a fair housing complaint.
Following an investigation, the FHEO will issue its findings, and if required, HUD or the Department of Justice will take legal action against the violator.
Do I Need Florida Attorney for Help with Housing Discrimination Laws
Although an attorney is not required to file a complaint with HUD, you may want to consult with a well-qualified and knowledgeable Florida lawyer who specializes in housing discrimination. The attorney can assist you with:
- Writing, evidencing, and filing your Fair Housing complaint
- Assist in the negotiation of a settlement or resolution
- Provide you with fair housing education as well as counseling
Additionally, they can represent you in a court of law as needed.


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A federal judge has granted a temporary injunction to arts-and-crafts retail giant Hobby Lobby, forbidding the Department of Health and Human Services from enforcing the Affordable Care Act (ACA) mandate that it provide birth control coverage to its employees until the questions the company raises can be resolved.
Hobby Lobby and its sister company Mardel, a Christian bookstore chain, were to face penalties amounting to $1.3 million a day starting later this month if they didn't provide FDA-approved contraceptive methods in their health plans, which cover 13,000 employees.
The for-profit, self-insured company claimed doing so would violate its religious freedoms and had been fighting the mandate in court -- including the U.S. Supreme Court, which denied its petition -- before winning temporary relief Friday. While Hobby Lobby provides some contraceptives in its health plans, the company objects to certain emergency forms of birth control.
Judge Joe Heaton of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma enjoined the federal government from fining Hobby Lobby until Oct. 1 while the Obama administration considers further appealing the case.
"Given the importance of the interests at stake in this case, the fact that the ACA's requirements raise new and substantial questions of law and public policy, and that substantial litigation as to the mandate at issue here is ongoing around the country, the court concludes there is an overriding public interest in the resolution of the legal issues raised by the mandate before Hobby Lobby and Mardel are exposed to the substantial penalties that are potentially applicable," Heaton wrote. "The public interest therefore lies in preserving the status quo until the issues raised by plaintiffs' claims are resolved."
The ACA mandate, which took effect last August, says that all new insurance policies must provide birth control coverage with no copayment or deductibles. Companies that do not comply face fines, penalties, and enforcement actions.
The Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals in Denver ruled in late June that the arts-and-crafts giant should be given the opportunity to show its religious beliefs would be violated by either complying with the law or being forced to pay large fines.
"On balance, the court finds the threatened injury to the corporations if the injunction does not issue outweighs the potential harm to the government," Heaton said.
The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty in Washington, lead attorney for Oklahoma-based Hobby Lobby, counts 63 cases and more than 200 plaintiffs opposing the ACA birth control mandate, but not all of them represent for-profits like Hobby Lobby.
The Obama administration did recognize the controversy and issued a rule for churches and religious employers who object to providing the contraceptives. The rule allows such organizations to provide birth control by arranging for separate coverage through health plans women can enroll in at no cost. The organizations wouldn't be subsidizing the contraceptives.
However, the plan didn't make an exception for for-profit companies like Hobby Lobby.


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