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Petitioner was convicted of grand larceny and burglary following a trial in which the trial court on motion of the prosecution issued a protective order prohibiting questioning Green, a key prosecution witness, concerning Green's adjudication as a juvenile delinquent relating to a burglary and his probation status at the time of the events as to which he was to testify. The trial court's order was based on state provisions protecting the anonymity of juvenile offenders. The Alaska Supreme Court affirmed. Held: Petitioner was denied his right of confrontation of witnesses under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments. Pp. 315-321.
BURGER, C. J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which DOUGLAS, BRENNAN, STEWART, MARSHALL, BLACKMUN, and POWELL, JJ., joined. STEWART, J., filed a concurring statement, post, p. 321. WHITE, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which REHNQUIST, J., joined, post, p. 321.
Robert H. Wagstaff argued the cause and filed briefs for petitioner.
Charles M. Merriner argued the cause for respondent. [415 U.S. 308, 309] With him on the brief was John E. Havelock, Attorney General of Alaska. *
[ Footnote * ] William P. Homans, Jr., filed a brief for Arthur Bembury as amicus curiae.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE BURGER delivered the opinion of the Court.
We granted certiorari in this case to consider whether the Confrontation Clause requires that a defendant in a criminal case be allowed to impeach the credibility of a prosecution witness by cross-examination directed at possible bias deriving from the witness' probationary status as a juvenile delinquent when such an impeachment would conflict with a State's asserted interest in preserving the confidentiality of juvenile adjudications of delinquency.
When the Polar Bar in Anchorage closed in the early morning hours of February 16, 1970, well over a thousand dollars in cash and checks was in the bar's Mosler safe. About midday, February 16, it was discovered that the bar had been broken into and the safe, about two feet square and weighing several hundred pounds, had been removed from the premises.
Later that afternoon the Alaska State Troopers received word that a safe had been discovered about 26 miles outside Anchorage near the home of Jess Straight and his family. The safe, which was subsequently determined to be the one stolen from the Polar Bar, had been pried open and the contents removed. Richard Green, Jess Straight's stepson, told investigating troopers on the scene that at about noon on February 16 he had seen and spoken with two Negro men standing alongside a late-model metallic blue Chevrolet sedan near where the safe was later discovered. The next day Anchorage [415 U.S. 308, 310] police investigators brought him to the police station where Green was given six photographs of adult Negro males. After examining the photographs for 30 seconds to a minute, Green identified the photograph of petitioner as that of one of the men he had encountered the day before and described to the police. Petitioner was arrested the next day, February 18. On February 19, Green picked petitioner out of a lineup of seven Negro males.
At trial, evidence was introduced to the effect that paint chips found in the trunk of petitioner's rented blue Chevrolet could have originated from the surface of the stolen safe. Further, the trunk of the car contained particles which were identified as safe insulation characteristic of that found in Mosler safes. The insulation found in the trunk matched that of the stolen safe.
Richard Green was a crucial witness for the prosecution. He testified at trial that while on an errand for his mother he confronted two men standing beside a late-model metallic blue Chevrolet, parked on a road near his family's house. The man standing at the rear of the car spoke to Green asking if Green lived nearby and if his father was home. Green offered the men help, but his offer was rejected. On his return from the errand Green again passed the two men and he saw the man with whom he had had the conversation standing at the rear of the car with "something like a crowbar" in his hands. Green identified petitioner at the trial as the man with the "crowbar." The safe was discovered later that afternoon at the point, according to Green, where the Chevrolet had been parked.
Before testimony was taken at the trial of petitioner, the prosecutor moved for a protective order to prevent any reference to Green's juvenile record by the defense in the course of cross-examination. At the time of the [415 U.S. 308, 311] trial and at the time of the events Green testified to, Green was on probation by order of a juvenile court after having been adjudicated a delinquent for burglarizing two cabins. Green was 16 years of age at the time of the Polar Bar burglary, but had turned 17 prior to trial.
In opposing the protective order, petitioner's counsel made it clear that he would not introduce Green's juvenile adjudication as a general impeachment of Green's character as a truthful person but, rather, to show specifically that at the same time Green was assisting the police in identifying petitioner he was on probation for burglary. From this petitioner would seek to show - or at least argue - that Green acted out of fear or concern of possible jeopardy to his probation. Not only might Green have made a hasty and faulty identification of petitioner to shift suspicion away from himself as one who robbed the Polar Bar, but Green might have been subject to undue pressure from the police and made his identifications under fear of possible probation revocation. Green's record would be revealed only as necessary to probe Green for bias and prejudice and not generally to call Green's good character into question.
The trial court granted the motion for a protective order, relying on Alaska Rule of Children's Procedure 23, 1 and Alaska Stat. 47.10.080 (g) (1971). 2 [415 U.S. 308, 312]
Although prevented from revealing that Green had been on probation for the juvenile delinquency adjudication for burglary at the same time that he originally identified petitioner, counsel for petitioner did his best to expose Green's state of mind at the time Green discovered that a stolen safe had been discovered near his home. Green denied that he was upset or uncomfortable about the discovery of the safe. He claimed not to have been worried about any suspicions the police might have been expected to harbor against him, though Green did admit that it crossed his mind that the police might have thought he had something to do with the crime.
Defense counsel cross-examined Green in part as follows:
The Alaska Supreme Court affirmed petitioner's conviction, 3 concluding that it did not have to resolve the potential conflict in this case between a defendant's right to a meaningful confrontation with adverse witnesses and the State's interest in protecting the anonymity of a juvenile offender since "our reading of the trial [415 U.S. 308, 315] transcript convinces us that counsel for the defendant was able adequately to question the youth in considerable detail concerning the possibility of bias or motive." 499 P.2d 1025, 1036 (1972). Although the court admitted that Green's denials of any sense of anxiety or apprehension upon the safe's being found close to his home were possibly self-serving, "the suggestion was nonetheless brought to the attention of the jury, and that body was afforded the opportunity to observe the demeanor of the youth and pass on his credibility." Ibid. The court concluded that, in light of the indirect references permitted, there was no error.
Since we granted certiorari limited to the question of whether petitioner was denied his right under the Confrontation Clause to adequately cross-examine Green, 410 U.S. 925 (1973), the essential question turns on the correctness of the Alaska court's evaluation of the "adequacy" of the scope of cross-examination permitted. We disagree with that court's interpretation of the Confrontation Clause and we reverse.
The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees the right of an accused in a criminal prosecution "to be confronted with the witnesses against him." This right is secured for defendants in state as well as federal criminal proceedings under Pointer v. Texas, 380 U.S. 400 (1965). confrontation means more than being allowed to confront the witness physically. "Our cases construing the [confrontation] clause hold that a primary interest secured by it is the right of cross-examination." Douglas v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 415, 418 (1965). Professor Wigmore stated:
In the instant case, defense counsel sought to show the existence of possible bias and prejudice of Green, causing him to make a faulty initial identification of petitioner, which in turn could have affected his later in-court identification of petitioner. 5
We cannot speculate as to whether the jury, as sole judge of the credibility of a witness, would have accepted this line of reasoning had counsel been permitted to fully present it. But we do conclude that the jurors were entitled to have the benefit of the defense theory before them so that they could make an informed judgment as to the weight to place on Green's testimony which provided "a crucial link in the proof . . . of petitioner's act." Douglas v. Alabama, 380 U.S., at 419 . The accuracy and truthfulness of Green's testimony were key elements in the State's case against petitioner. The claim of bias which the defense sought to develop was [415 U.S. 308, 318] admissible to afford a basis for an inference of undue pressure because of Green's vulnerable status as a probationer, cf. Alford v. United States, 282 U.S. 687 (1931), 6 as well as of Green's possible concern that he might be a suspect in the investigation.
We cannot accept the Alaska Supreme Court's conclusion that the cross-examination that was permitted defense counsel was adequate to develop the issue of bias properly to the jury. While counsel was permitted to ask Green whether he was biased, counsel was unable to make a record from which to argue why Green might have been biased or otherwise lacked that degree of impartiality expected of a witness at trial. On the basis of the limited cross-examination that was permitted, the jury might well have thought that defense counsel was engaged in a speculative and baseless line of attack on the credibility of an apparently blameless witness or, as the prosecutor's objection put it, a "rehash" of prior cross-examination. On these facts it seems clear to us that to make any such inquiry effective, defense counsel should have been permitted to expose to the jury the facts from which jurors, as the sole triers of fact and credibility, could appropriately draw inferences relating to the reliability of the witness. Petitioner was thus denied the right of effective cross-examination which "`would be constitutional error of the first magnitude and no amount of showing of want of prejudice would cure it.' Brookhart v. Janis, 384 U.S. 1, 3 ." Smith v. Illinois, 390 U.S. 129, 131 (1968). [415 U.S. 308, 319]
The claim is made that the State has an important interest in protecting the anonymity of juvenile offenders and that this interest outweighs any competing interest this petitioner might have in cross-examining Green about his being on probation. The State argues that exposure of a juvenile's record of delinquency would likely cause impairment of rehabilitative goals of the juvenile correctional procedures. This exposure, it is argued, might encourage the juvenile offender to commit further acts of delinquency, or cause the juvenile offender to lose employment opportunities or otherwise suffer unnecessarily for his youthful transgression.
We do not and need not challenge the State's interest as a matter of its own policy in the administration of criminal justice to seek to preserve the anonymity of a juvenile offender. Cf. In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1, 25 (1967). Here, however, petitioner sought to introduce evidence of Green's probation for the purpose of suggesting that Green was biased and, therefore, that his testimony was either not to be believed in his identification of petitioner or at least very carefully considered in that light. Serious damage to the strength of the State's case would have been a real possibility had petitioner been allowed to pursue this line of inquiry. In this setting we conclude that the right of confrontation is paramount to the State's policy of protecting a juvenile offender. Whatever temporary embarrassment might result to Green or his family by disclosure of his juvenile record - if the prosecution insisted on using him to make its case - is outweighed by petitioner's right to probe into the influence of possible bias in the testimony of a crucial identification witness.
In Alford v. United States, supra, we upheld the right [415 U.S. 308, 320] of defense counsel to impeach a witness by showing that because of the witness' incarceration in federal prison at the time of trial, the witness' testimony was biased as "given under promise or expectation of immunity, or under the coercive effect of his detention by officers of the United States." 282 U.S., at 693 . In response to the argument that the witness had a right to be protected from exposure of his criminal record, the Court stated:
The State's policy interest in protecting the confidentiality of a juvenile offender's record cannot require yielding of so vital a constitutional right as the effective cross-examination for bias of an adverse witness. The State could have protected Green from exposure of his juvenile adjudication in these circumstances by refraining from using him to make out its case; the State cannot, consistent with the right of confrontation, require the petitioner to bear the full burden of vindicating the State's interest in the secrecy of juvenile criminal records. The judgment affirming petitioner's convictions of burglary and grand larceny is reversed and the case is [415 U.S. 308, 321] remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
[ Footnote 2 ] Section 47.10.080 (g) provides in pertinent part:
[ Footnote 3 ] In the same opinion the Alaska Supreme Court also affirmed petitioner's conviction, following a separate trial, for being a felon in possession of a concealable firearm. That conviction is not in issue before this Court.
[ Footnote 4 ] In Greene we stated:
[ Footnote 5 ] "[A] partiality of mind at some former time may be used as the basis of an argument to the same state at the time of testifying; though the ultimate object is to establish partiality at the time of testifying." 3A J. Wigmore, Evidence 940. p. 776 (Chadbourn rev. 1970). (Emphasis in original; footnotes omitted.)
[ Footnote 6 ] Although Alford involved a federal criminal trial and we reversed because of abuse of discretion and prejudicial error, the constitutional dimension of our holding in Alford is not in doubt. In Smith v. Illinois, 390 U.S. 129, 132 -133 (1968), we relied, in part, on Alford to reverse a state criminal conviction on confrontation grounds.
MR. JUSTICE STEWART, concurring.
The Court holds that, in the circumstances of this case, the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments conferred the right to cross-examine a particular prosecution witness about his delinquency adjudication for burglary and his status as a probationer. Such cross-examination was necessary in this case in order "to show the existence of possible bias and prejudice . . .," ante, at 317. In joining the Court's opinion, I would emphasize that the Court neither holds nor suggests that the Constitution confers a right in every case to impeach the general credibility of a witness through cross-examination about his past delinquency adjudications or criminal convictions.
MR. JUSTICE WHITE, with whom MR. JUSTICE REHNQUIST joins, dissenting.
As I see it, there is no constitutional principle at stake here. This is nothing more than a typical instance of a trial court exercising its discretion to control or limit cross-examination, followed by a typical decision of a state appellate court refusing to disturb the judgment of the trial court and itself concluding that limiting cross-examination had done no substantial harm to the defense. Yet the Court insists on second-guessing the state courts and in effect inviting federal review of every ruling of a state trial judge who believes cross-examination has gone far enough. I would not undertake this task, if for no other reason than that I have little faith in our ability, in fact-bound cases and on a cold record, to improve on the judgment of trial judges and of the state appellate courts who agree with them. I would affirm the judgment. [415 U.S. 308, 322]
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text:
Friday, June 10, 2005
Beef Tagine with Dried Plums and Toasted Almonds
1 tablespoon olive oil
2 teaspoons Ras el Hanout *See below for spice ingredients
24 ounces boneless sirloin steak, cut into 1-inch cubes
2 cups chopped onions
1 cup water
1 1/2 teaspoons salt
14 ounces beef broth
1 1/2 cups pitted dried plums
2 1/2 tablespoons honey
1/3 cup sliced almonds, toasted
Preheat oven to 425
In a Dutch oven, heat oil over medium-high. Add Ras el Hanout and toast for 30 seconds. Stir in beef and cook about 3 minutes. Mix in onions, water, salt, and broth. Cover and and place in the oven to bake for 1 hour. Carefully remove from the oven and stir in dried plums and honey. Place back in the oven to cook for 15 more minutes. Remove and sprinkle with almonds before serving.
Ras el Hanout seasoning
1 teaspoons ground ginger
1 teaspoons ground coriander
3/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
3/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
3/4 teaspoon ground turmeric
1/2 teaspoon ground nutmeg
1/2 teaspoon ground allspice
1/4 teaspoon ground cloves
In a small bowl, whisk together all ingredients - this makes more than you need, but you can use it as a seasoning for other cuts of beef or on salmon.
Click here to be taken to the main post
2 comments:
- Anonymous8/30/2006 12:42:00 PM
I just made this last Sunday for my husband and I. I thought the sauce was a bit thin as well. I took the lid off while it was cooking in the oven, like the recipe suggested, but it never got any thicker.
It had a wonderful flavor and the meat was great- but it was a little too sweet for me. I would cut back on the honey, too. I think the plums added a nice flavor - but I think I would reduce the amount - there were alot of them - and although I love them straight from the carton -they were kind of mushy from being in stew and I started to avoid them as I was eating.
Next time I might try adding some veggies because it was a lot of meat and not much else. Esp. if you are avoiding the plums! :)
LauraB - Jeff made a comment how there were quite a few dried plums to go around! I do agree, some veggies would be a great addition!ReplyDelete

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Federal and Provincial Budgets
Ottawa sets minimum unemployment rate at 13.1 per cent for EI calculation
By The Canadian Press
OTTAWA — The federal government has temporarily set a minimum unemployment rate of 13.1 per cent to calculate employment insurance benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Those people living in regions with an unemployment rate lower than that threshold will have their EI benefits calculated at that rate.
In regions with a higher unemployment rate, benefits will be calculated using the actual rate for that region.
In taking this action, the government says it recognizes that the pandemic continues to make labour market conditions uncertain and unpredictable across the country.
1.6 million have returned to work
Statistics Canada says the unemployment rate was 10.9 per cent in July, down from the 12.3 per cent recorded in June and sliding further away from the record-high 13.7 per cent in May.
More than 1.6 million Canadians have returned to work since Ottawa launched the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) that has provided income support for more than 8.5 million Canadians.
"As we carefully and gradually restart parts of our economy, we recognize that many Canadian workers continue to face challenges," stated Carla Qualtrough, minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Disability Inclusion.
"The temporary use of a national minimum unemployment rate for the EI program will help more people access EI regular benefits and provide eligible Canadians with access to a minimum 26 weeks of benefits," stated Carla Qualtrough, minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Disability Inclusion.
Print this page
- Police investigating after insults, expletives yelled at federal minister's staff
- As CERB winds down, labour group asks Liberals to rethink EI


text:
A cleaner coal?
Energy companies hope to turn coal into gas -- by burning it underground
In a grassy clearing, well-heads, buildings and pipelines cover a few acres. On the other side of the world, hundreds of acres of earth are upended by draglines and transported by huge dump trucks. Despite the contrast, both sites are accomplishing almost the same thing.
At the first site, an underground coal gasification project in Australia, coal is burned in place and the resulting gas used to generate electricity or converted into diesel. The other site is a coal mine in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana — a region that could soon see more operations like the Australian one.
Underground coal gasification (UCG) is one of a handful of techniques being tested across the West to make coal — the cheapest, most plentiful fuel around — more palatable to a carbon-constrained world. Researchers are also trying to capture and sequester carbon from conventional coal plants, and to gasify coal in power plants and then capture the carbon. But these techniques cost considerably more, UCG proponents say.
Environmentalists approach the technology with a mix of pragmatism and wariness. A recent Clean Air Task Force report called UCG a "promising technology" with "potential advantages" that warrant large-scale federal investment. But other groups are skeptical. Shannon Anderson of the Powder River Basin Resources Council says, "We want to be sure our folks and their water supplies are protected."
The Soviets first developed underground coal gasification during the 1930s, and the process has been used commercially in Uzbekistan for decades. In the late '70s and '80s, the U.S. conducted 33 pilot projects in Wyoming, Washington and other states. But a couple of them contaminated groundwater, and after energy prices dropped in 1986, the government pulled funding.
A few years ago, though, the Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Lab reinvigorated its UCG research program. Today, it's providing technical expertise to Cook Inlet Region Inc., which hopes to complete a UCG facility and power plant in southeast Alaska by 2014. In Wyoming, Australia-based Linc Energy and Casper company GasTech Inc. are working on a pilot project that could produce gas within two years.
Most of the massive coal reserves on Western federal land lie more than 500 feet belowground, too deep for traditional mining. UCG works at depths of up to 2,000 feet, and a 1999 U.S. Geological Survey study estimates that it could reach 60 percent of some 510 billion tons of coal remaining in the Powder River Basin.
In the basic UCG process, two wells are drilled into a water-saturated coal seam. One injects air, the other recovers the gas produced; a horizontal shaft connects the wells. The coal seam is then ignited; as it burns along the shaft, it produces a gas primarily composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. At the surface, the gas is piped to a refinery, then processed into natural gas or liquid fuel.
UCG avoids most of the surface impacts of mining. In most cases, no external water source is needed, and about half the sulfur, mercury, arsenic, tar and ash released by burning coal stay underground. Conventional coal power plants release all of those pollutants, either into the air or as aboveground waste.
The carbon dioxide given off by underground coal burning is cheaper to capture than that emitted by surface burning, because it comes to the surface under pressure and thus needs less additional pressurization to liquefy it. The liquid carbon dioxide can be used in oil fields to increase production, or, if and when large-scale carbon storage is proven, it can be stashed underground.
When carbon dioxide is separated out before the gas is burned in a power plant, total emissions are about 25 percent lower than from a typical natural gas power plant. With carbon capture, UCG "opens the possibility for the cleanest possible coal," says Julio Friedmann, director of Lawrence Livermore's carbon management program.
Some environmentalists are leery, though. "We understand folks want to get at these huge underground seams that can't be mined now," says Anderson. "But we think the history (of the projects) speaks for itself." The process could contaminate aquifers with toxic substances like phenol and benzene, cause uncontrollable underground fires in coal seams, and result in land collapsing into the cavities left behind, she says.
These problems can all be avoided, says John Wold, GasTech's president, if the coal seam has a geologic "roof" that isolates it from other aquifers, and is kept at a pressure lower than that of the surrounding material, so that gases are drawn in rather than dissipating out. There's no risk of runaway fires, according to Friedmann, because when you quit pumping air into the burning coal, water rushes in. Subsidence can be controlled by leaving some coal in place to support the earth above.
The capital costs of building an underground-gasification facility are 25 percent lower and its operating costs 50 percent lower than those of another "clean coal" technology, the integrated gasification combined cycle plant, in which coal is processed in a separate gasifier. And retrofitting an existing coal-fired plant for carbon capture significantly reduces efficiency and increases electricity cost. UCG is also cheaper because the coal doesn't have to be mined and shipped. However, UCG will never be able to compete with low-cost natural gas, says Friedmann. But if natural gas prices stay over $3 or $4 per million BTU, he says, interest in UCG will surge: "It's a very important technology for the U.S."
And potentially for the whole planet. Although significant research, training and investment are needed before UCG could be deployed widely, India and China are developing their coal resources at full tilt. "(Those countries) are very reluctant to spend extra money on controlling carbon," says John Thompson, director of the Clean Air Task Force's coal transition project. "But you could get electricity from UCG with full carbon capture and sequestration at the same price as from an uncontrolled new coal plant. That's a game-changer."
For more information:
Clean Air Task Force report: Coal without carbon: an investment plan for federal action (PDF)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories: Fire in the Hole: Underground coal gasification may provide a secure energy supply and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (PDF)


text:
Honolulu Beerworks: Opening a Brewery, Part Four
Honolulu Beerworks' owners Geoff and Charmayne Seideman
[This is the fourth installment in a series, following Honolulu Beerworks as it opens Oahu's only brewpub and outdoor beer garden.]
The electricity is on. Gas hooked up. Bathrooms and kitchen completed. The bar countertop is going in next week. Things are moving along at a rapid pace at Honolulu Beerworks as it preps to open in February, three months behind schedule.
The most important piece of the brewpub started this week … the brewing. On Monday, owner and brewer Geoff Seideman brewed the first batch of beer, a German Kolsch. Seideman says this will be a light and refreshing, pale-colored beer featuring well-rounded malt flavors and subtle, earthy hop notes. He expects the final beer to be around 5.2% ABV (alcohol by volume) and a go-to thirst quencher.
Part of the brewing process: the boil kettle at a full rolling boil.
Honolulu Beerworks' first brew day started at 6 a.m. with the milling of the malt. About six hours later, after steeping (mashing), boiling, adding the first hops of the new brewery, the new beer was transferred to a fermentation vessel. It will take a few weeks of fermenting and conditioning before the beer is ready to drink: This will one of the first beers you taste when Honolulu Beerworks opens.
Seideman prepping the fermentation tank for the chilled wort (unfermented beer). Yeast was added to the tank and fermentation was let to do its thing.
Hundreds of pounds of hot spent grain is removed from the mash tuns to be sent off to local farms for livestock feed. On the food menu someday: malt-fed pork?
Seideman will be busy brewing more batches over the next two weeks; he hopes to have six styles ready for opening.
Up next: the menu and full slate of beers when Honolulu Beerworks opens … and hopefully a grand opening date!
Read the other entries in the series:
Part 1: Geoff Seideman of Honolulu Beerworks
Part 2: Financing, plans and construction
Part 3: Clearing the junk
Timothy Golden is a homebrewer and beer lover. Find more of his writing on Hawaii's beer scene at beerinhawaii.com


text:
A conversational take on a wardrobe staple, this white T-shirt is printed with a red 'Rain or Shine' slogan and Mackintosh's recognisable Dandy Man illustration at the chest. It's cut from soft cotton to a relaxed fit with a crew neck, short sleeves and a signature logo tab.
Product ID: 16272698
Size & Fit
Consult our size guide to see further information about the measurements and measuring instructions.
Model wears size M
Model measures: chest 36"/91cm, height 6'1"/186cm, waist 29"/74cm, hips 35"/89cm
Details & Care
Crew neck
Short sleeves with logo tab
100% cotton
Machine wash
Style ID: CA0360
Model: RAIN OR SHINE T-SHIRT WHITE x RED


text:
New Jersey: North Shore
99 Coastal Destinations Rated: Bottom Rated
Score: 36
Much loved by generations of New Jerseyites who grew up spending summers "down the Shore," the area suffers from overcrowding, but some towns still "retain considerable charm."
Here is a representative sampling of additional anonymous comments from the panelists. They are not necessarily the views of the National Geographic Society:
"A real mess—the classic tourism disaster."
"This is where family-driven heaven meets mass-tourism hell."
"To ignore the unique character of individual communities along this coast seems willfully ignorant. Some towns have struggled for decades, but Red Bank is experiencing a minor renaissance, and small towns like Spring Lake, Ocean Grove, and Avon-by-the-Sea retain considerable charm."
- Nat Geo Expeditions
"Maybe you have to be a Jersey girl to love the Jersey Shore, but it has its charms: Old-fashioned boardwalks at Point Pleasant, hushed wealthy communities like Bay Head, and so much in between. One of the biggest challenges is lack of public access, but for those who can get a beach tag, come on in—the body surfing is great!"
"While the area is of course overcrowded, I would argue that there are a few gems like Sandy Hook."


text:
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Thank you for visiting our website! Below you will be able to find the answer to Attach as a patch crossword clue which was last seen on NewsDay.com Crossword, September 25 2016. Our site contains over 2.8 million crossword clues in which you can find whatever clue you are looking for. Since you landed on this page then you would like to know the answer to Attach as a patch. Without losing anymore time here is the answer for the above mentioned crossword clue:
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|"Gimme a refill"
|"In my opinion . . ."
|"Mad Men" channel
|"Skyfall" studio
|"The Mikado" e.g
|"Yeah right"
|"You might see me doing that"
|2016 presidential candidate
|3-D scans
|A Bolivian capital
|Actor McKellen
|Actress Ladd or Lane
|Advantageous aspect
|And others: Abbr
|At lunch say
|Attach as a patch
|Bagel-like roll
|Ballpark instrument
|Bean's clothing competitor
|Beetlike vegetables
|Bent over as a page corner
|Blacken on a grill
|Boating blade
|Boggy area
|Bouncy tune
|Bread machine cycle
|Brings in
|Calls upon
|Campaign funding orgs
|Chose with "for"
|City of Tuscany
|Clear thinking
|Common computer typeface
|Common London forecast
|Country singer Tillis
|Couple's reaffirmation
|Cuisine with green curry
|Cupid alias
|D.C. subway
|Davis of "Thelma & Louise"
|DiCaprio's love in "Titanic"
|Disney mermaid
|Divest (of)
|DVR button
|Easter flower
|Easter-egg event
|Economist Greenspan
|Embassy issuance
|Endangered Asian cat
|Europop and polkas
|Excitingly fashionable
|Fast-food beverage
|FBI guy
|Gallop or canter
|Goes bad
|Gracefully slender
|Grind as teeth
|Halifax Nova __
|Handled clumsily
|Hang out
|Having much land
|High schoolers with many friends
|Inflatable party rental
|Inventor Howe
|Italian article
|Knew intuitively
|Land on the Caspian
|Leg muscles for short
|Loud as a crowd
|Made it home
|Make a faux pas
|Make a run for it
|Make known
|Many Louvre paintings
|Metaphor for time
|Mineral in spinach
|More innovative
|Move gingerly
|NFL or NL team nickname
|Novelist Follett
|Of liters and kilos
|Of punishment
|Off-the-wall sound
|Offer on eBay
|Offer one's view
|Once more from the top
|One way to mark errors
|Out of energy
|Paramount franchise
|Parts of some portfolios
|Passports for instance
|Pennsylvania port
|Play for time
|Poet Angelou
|Political columnist Molly
|Pool-hall cube
|Prefix like uni-
|Prefix meaning "outer"
|Risk a ticket
|Rotisserie rod
|S.O.S rival
|Safari head
|See 78 Across
|Seine city in song
|Sherlock's female adversary
|Single-beat symbol often
|Sisters of Greek myth
|Skin-cream additive
|Smelter delivery
|Soft tennis shot
|Some deer
|Sort of seaweed
|Sow chow
|Splits apart
|Stamp purchase
|Successful on one's own
|Sudden twitch
|Tacks on
|Tech support customers
|Thin mud
|Tickled pink
|Time on a marquee
|Timeline segments
|Treasure seeker's find
|TV filter
|TV newspapers etc
|Uncle Remus title
|Unfit for farming
|Virtuous one
|Vocal cords so to speak
|Walked (on)
|Wearing boots perhaps
|Wintour of fashion
|Wispy clouds
|With 53 Down carnival performer
|__ buco (veal dish)
|__ souci (carefree)
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video uploaded by phoben
Monday, March 7, 2011
Breaking Glass (Brian Gibson, 1980)
video uploaded by phoben
12 comments:
I'm curious, which cut of the movie did you see? You have widescreen images implying you saw the UK cut which ends with Hazel in the asylum. In the U.S., Paramount chopped off the final moments of Hazel going off the deep end for good and ended the movie just as she finishes singing "On the Third Day" in concert. Which is itself kind of a cool ending, i.e. in her robot costume fully absorbed into the machine. This is the version, with felonious pan-scanning, that Netflix is streaming right now.ReplyDelete
I've always found it ironic that two seminal girl punk movies - GLASS and STAINS - were both released here by Paramount and both had their endings fucked with.
I didn't know there were two versions, but I guess I watched the one with the asylum ending.ReplyDelete
You mean to tell me they cut out the final bit on the train?!? That's a bloody outrage. Hazel going off the deep end was my favourite (non-music) scene in the movie.
I have a few things to say about Breaking Glass:ReplyDelete
Mr. Heuck mentioned Ladies and Gentlemen, the Fabulous Stains. Funny, I always lump Stains and Glass together because they were frequently shown on Night Flight.
I had an early Jim Broadbent sighting when I watched this weird Alan Bates film called The Shout. And speaking of English actors I dig, thanks for the Jonathan Pryce screenshot.
There's a great Peel Sessions compilation called Winters of Our Discontent.
"Asphyxiation-promoting"? LOLOLOL
I don't know if you are familiar with the Canadian band Alexisonfire, but they butchered one of my favorite Midnight Oil songs. Jeez, if dissent hates the original, I can't imagine his reaction to this version:
Apparently, CITY TV used to show Breaking Glass in the early 80s as well.ReplyDelete
Ladies and Gentlemen, the Fabulous Stains and Breaking Glass lump well together.
I had a different screenshot in that spot for a while there, but decided to replace it when I realized that I hadn't posted one of Jonathan Pryce playing the sax.
Oh, and even though the chances of him being actor you dig were pretty high (you know, with him being English and all), I had no idea he was an actor you dug. :)
A friend of mine shoplifted a copy of the New Order Peel Sessions record, and gave it to me as a birthday present.
"Take My Breath Away" promotes strangulation.
I know who Alexisonfire are, but I have no idea what they sound like.
Say hi to dissent for me.
Jonathan Pryce earns points for his musical talents--and I wasn't referring to his saxophone-playing.ReplyDelete
New Order Peel Session: Wow, that's worse than regifting!
dissent says "Hi!"
Jonathan Pryce is Welsh, not English. Oops.ReplyDelete
I was highly suspicious of the New Order gift, as we were not the type to give one another gifts (greedy punks and freaks looking out for number one). Apparently they had stolen a bunch of records, and didn't quite care for the Peel Sessions record, so... they dumped it on me. Happy Birthday. :)
I own the soundtrack LP but haven't seen the movie, but I see this fucker's on Netflix instant!! Radness. As you were alluding to, it looks like Stains + Starstruck + Lene Lovich, and that is math that works for me.ReplyDelete
Owning soundtracks to movies you haven't seen?!? You go, girl! ;)ReplyDelete
Now that Olive Films has released BREAKING GLASS on DVD and Blu-Ray in the U.S., the saga has gotten a little stranger.ReplyDelete
The Olive DVD ostensibly still has the U.S. cut - the movie ends with the concert and goes to credits. However, instead of a reprise of "On the Third Day" as was originally heard over credits in Paramount's edit, we hear all of the audio from the UK ending! Nothing is shown, mind you, it's just the sound. This continues all the way to the end of the credits, the closing Paramount logo, and even the "PG" MPAA card, and then the sound cuts off, so you don't get to hear the final final song "If Only." So apparently, while they used image from Paramount's shorter cut, they married it to audio from the UK edition.
I've brought this up at Home Theater Forum, Facebook, Twitter, and AVManiacs, but neither Olive nor Paramount will admit that they fouled up the audio. They probably weren't even aware that there was a difference between the two versions of the film. I doubt they will do any kind of fix or recall, sadly, due to the niche nature of the movie, but it would be nice to at least have someone own up to the mix-up.
Hi there! I'd like to know the name of the film in the picture of "House-of-self-indulgence". No Sedmikrásky, the picture on the left, please. Thanks!! Really good job here :)ReplyDelete
this movie looks like scary because of the make ups but i think it has a good story line, and something tells me that i should watch this movie. that why i am looking for this movie.ReplyDelete


text:
- Plain Biscuits
- Herb Biscuits
- Cinnamon Rolls with Glaze
- Sort by Name
VIRTUAL INSTANT ACCESS Our most often requested workshop experience— Baking with Brother Arnold is now available as an instant access video! Our first in a series of The Shaker Kitchen workshops, you will receive a link and password for our 20 minute video of Brother Arnold baking these three recipes straight through, followed by a recording of the Virtual Workshop Zoom Q&A with Brother Arnold from August 2021. Watch it any time and as many times as you'd like! Sharing his 40+ years experience cooking & baking at Shaker Village, Brother Arnold will share his experience, talk about the importance of food and how it brings people together in community, and (most of all) sharing his favorite recipe: Sister Elizabeth's Biscuits. Sister Elizabeth's biscuits are a crowd favorite at every annual Shaker Christmas Fair, lines literally are out the door to get a fresh hot biscuit from the Shaker Kitchen. Now you can learn from the best and make it in your own home! And Brother Arnold has developed the recipe in three different ways:
VIRTUAL INSTANT ACCESS Our most often requested workshop experience— Baking with Brother Arnold is now available as an instant access video! Our second in a series of The Shaker Kitchen workshops, Shaker Apple Pie & Dutch Apple Pie. You will receive a link and password for our 30 minute video of Brother Arnold baking these two recipes straight through, step-by-step. Watch it any time and as many times as you'd like! Featuring a Shaker Apple Pie and a Dutch Apple Pie with, of course, wonderful first-hand stories from Brother Arnold about the Shakers, apples, apple pie, and more! You can get your ingredients ready and bake along with the recording or just watch and try it yourself afterwards, accessing it again and again for reference. A PDF packet including photos and recipes will be available in your account as an instant download with purchase and a video link and password will be emailed to you instantly. Please be sure to sign-in to your account or create a new one at checkout to ensure access. Sharing his 40+ years experience cooking & baking at Shaker Village, Brother Arnold shares his experience, talks about the importance of food and how it brings people together in community, and (most of all) sharing these delicious recipes with tips & tricks! Brother Arnold Hadd has been a Shaker since January 1978. Through more than four decades, he had served as the First Elder of the Church, the Second Elder of the Church, and a Trustee, as well as a spiritual leader, consultant, counselor, confidant, mentor, cook, and a personal friend to many. A leader by example, Brother Arnold inspires others to appreciate, honor, and respect Shaker life and its philosophies, values, mission, and vision.
VIRTUAL INSTANT ACCESS WORKSHOPFiber artist, New Gloucester resident, sheep farmer, and friend of Shaker Village, Betsey Leslie will lead you virtually in creating a needle felted wool sheep sculpture with lamb. The process will include making wire frame work, carding, and wrapping wool, and how to use felting needles to create your own sheep sculpture. Felting needles have tiny barbs on the shaft so that as you poke the wool it meshes the fibers together and holds the shape. It's easy and fun! All materials will be supplied along with the link to the video. Your kit will include enough material to make at least 2 full-sized sheep or a mix of sheep and lambs – your choice while you're felting them. Includes wool, 3 felting needles, foam block for felting on top of, pipe cleaner wires, and wool locks. A video link and password will be emailed to you instantly upon purchase. You will be mailed a full kit of supplies within 2 business days.Video runtime: 1.5 hours
VIRTUAL INSTANT ACCESS WORKSHOPCreate your own gathering basket from scratch and in the comfort of your own home with our virtual instant access workshop. Carolyn Kemp will take you step-by-step to create this large basket in. This traditional basket, was and still is, used to gather cut flowers or herbs from the garden. The basket is large enough to hold plenty of stems and with an open base that allows loose earth to filter out. Fill it up as you carry it through the garden or sit it on the ground as you cut. Make it yourself with Carolyn guiding you step by step. A video link and password will be emailed to you instantly upon purchase. You will be mailed a full kit of supplies for the basket material along with an illustrated pattern. There is a short list of household tools that are required. (water bucket, towel, ruler, pencil, scissors, awl, clips/clothespins/twist ties) Finished basket dimensions: 20" x 8" x 8" with an oak handle. Woven from natural reed rattan it can be stained or left natural to age with time. Some weaving experience is definitely helpful as this is not a "first" basket.
I am passionate about weaving. Years ago I began making baskets and have never lost interest. Whether I am teaching a student how to weave their first basket or spending the day dyeing materials, I am in my element. Weaving a basket is for me is like going back in time to a period when the basics of living depended on someone with the knowledge and skill to produce what was required or necessary in their daily life. -CarolynCarolyn Kemp is an accomplished basket weaver and artist with multiple instructional books published in basketry. Carolyn lives in Lancaster, South Carolina and has been teaching workshops with Shaker Village for years, having previously been our neighbor. She continues to offer workshops with us through these virtual options and has kits, finished baskets, and books in our store as well as her Etsy shop. Video runtime: 1.5 hours


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BP-Slick – Probably THE BEST BP theme I've ever seen.
Hi guys,
This is NOT spam, I just thought this site would be very useful to the BP community.
If anyone is interested in sharing some cool BP Tricks and tips then I've just noticed that Bowe's site http://www.bp-tricks.com is nearly back online with an AMAZING new theme called BP Slick.
Check out his site and have a look at the screenshots. I have just pre-ordered ithe theme as he's giving early 20% discounts but seriously it's awesome.
I managed to get on his site before it was protected and the bp-slick theme is the nicest/ most funsctional I've seen.
Sliders for images/ customisable accordian sidebars, FULL S2Member integration and even integrated CDN functionality so it's lightning fast.
Sorry for going on but it just blew me away.
No seriously it isn't spam! Sorry if it sounded like that! I was just being a little enthusiastic perhaps. Check out the site, it's 100% genuine and a great addition for the BP community in my opinion. Just trying to help.
It's a great addition to the community if it's provided free, as a premium theme well…
No offense Bowe, Know you are a good egg
Boone GorgesKeymaster
I have to agree that Bowe's theme does look pretty, uh, slick. His video walkthrough is worth watching: vimeo.com/15053425 (Also not a paid endorsement )
@hnla I agree in the most part but the fact is, I run my BP sites for profit. Whether I'm developing them for myself or others. People cant expect everything for free. BP itself is the best thing I have used to make communities and it's AMAZING it's free. I like to donate where I can for themes and plugins where they are free but things can be a great addition to the community even at a small cost.
Bowe's theme is very cheap (currently with 20% off) and will save me 10's of hours in development time. Do I mind paying $24? NOPE!
(not a paid endorsement either!)
I agree wholeheartedly people can't expect everything for free – sadly they do though – I was not really knocking the premium model at all in fact I have very strong views on when 'Stuff' should be free and when it ought to carry a value, I've been a jobbing coder for quite some time I have to try and earn a living and that means paid client work I have to be careful how I proportion my working hours.
Also BP is not really 'Free' it represents a lot of man hours and as such has an intrinsic value, the fact that we are not asked to contribute in monetary terms to it's continued development is indeed amazing
*sees the topic is about his own theme*
"Absolutely NO problem with this!"
Thanks for creating this topic Ross, I'm really glad you like the theme I'm putting up for sale. And Boone thanks for promoting my already outdated video as well My intention with the new BP-Tricks site is not to only sell a premium theme, and offer some kind of subscription service (I'm not a big fan of subscription models for Themes).
BP-Tricks will hopefully become a resource for great BuddyPress tips and tricks. Selling the theme is just a great way for me to keep BP-Tricks running, earn some money and hopefully improve the quality of BuddyPress Child Themes.. The theme is GPL and cool stuff that I add to it will all be shared in the form of Tutorials on BP-Tricks. The actual design elements and the support are what people are paying for (similar as WooThemes does this for example).
Everyone can submit code/design/inspirational Tricks through a form or the backend, and by doing so you'll earn Awards ( @DJPaul his Achievement Plugin FTW!) and badges awarded by me. The best new trick each month earns a nice price (currently a Free theme, but I'll try to get some sponsors) and they get listed on the frontpage in Widget of Fame
Besides that the Activity Stream is purely meant to be a source of information displaying ONLY new Tricks, external Tricks (BP-Links from @MrMaz) and external member blogs from our members (if you blog about BuddyPress or anything related to it) you can add your RSS feed to your profile and people who follow you get your updates in their stream. This plugin will be released to the community when the site launches next week.
There's also a customized search feature which only searches the BuddyPress network (BP.org, BP-Tricks, WPMU.org, Etivite.com, BuddyDev.com, ShabuShabu.eu etc) and a bunch of other stuff which I probably forgot to tell.
All the site features remain free, and also the site will be Ad free for as long as I earn enough to keep it running without loosing money on it.
I hope this makes my intentions clear, and that it will become a place where you can enjoy great BP Tricks from not only me, but from anyone, without getting the feeling that I'm out for someone's money.. because that is certainly not my intention If you want to have access to the site before launch to look around and submit some Tricks for the community just let me know, and I'll make sure you'll have access and be a part of the cool kids
@bowromir i'm trying to be a cool kid! I just registered. Nice theme. Nice idea for Achievements. This is interesting I think we'll begin seeing some pretty awesome bp themes, yours being one of them. I think alot of folks, including myself, have been hunkered down designing BP in really nice ways.
Just in case it was actually taken seriously the after the spam comment I made was meant to be tongue in cheek
Good luck with the site Bowe and I concur with the "not a paid endorsement" brigade the site does look good
@hnla sure you did.. sure.. whatever.. *looks mad at awesome macbook pro monitor*
Your intentions where absolutely clear to me, and I'm glad you also like it I would love to see some cool Tricks from you when the site launches, so I'll probably stalk you until you do!
@nahummadrid: awesome! Thanks for the compliment and if you have something to show design wise, please do
@bowromir not that I'm saying my designs are awesome or nice. I've just been hunkered down, is all…and seeing all the ways BP can be made to look like not-BP. (and working with Achievements too) – I'll share on BP-tricks ! So that I might earn a badge!
haha that's the spirit awesome
I find myself constantly refreshing the site for it to go live. I guess I am a little bit tooo eager for my own good
The whole concept looks absolutely gorgeous, I cannot wait to read more about all the features availiable.
Keep up the good work!
haha thanks @linusf that's the biggest compliment I can get. I'm currently working very hard sorting all the little styling issues and setting up the support section+documentation. Then I need to create huge amount of Achievements for people to earn for submitting tricks, and then it's ready for launch! I have quite a few small tricks, and hopefully others will be submitting their tricks soon.
Thanks for your interest and you can view some screenshots of the BP-Slick admin theme options here: http://bp-tricks.com/buddypress-slick-screenshots/.
Damn! After looking through the screenshots, I want one!
Just sent you my contact info through the pre-order form.
Very, very cool stuff. Thanks!
I have preordered, and I would love to see it work with BuddyPress Courseware, they also have archivements I think…
@pcwriter: Thanks Patrick! Glad the screenshots sold the deal for you, I hope to not disappoint you, there's a bunch of other stuff which hasn't even been showed yet!
@skolbloggense: I'll install CoureWare on my local install and see how it looks and behaves.. If it's coded with the default theme in mind, it should behave pretty well.. If it contains LOTS of custom css and templates, it might mean that I'll look into on a later date.. Depending on the work involved that might mean a special version of the theme to be released with custom templates, and to keep the code clean for people who are not using CourseWare. I need to study the amount of work involved to see if it can be a free download, or that it comes with a small price (like the MultiSite and s2member version). It is a good suggestion, and since Courseware is an important plugin for a lot of education based communities, it is something that will be right on top of to-do-list
I'll report back to let you know how it behaves! Thank you for your pre-order
Sorry for the double post guys!
@skolbloggense: I've been looking into CourseWare and it seems to behave great under BP-Slick. There are a few css styling hickups and I will look into them on a later date, but it is certainly usable straight away without any major problems. I did add a new option to the theme options panel which allows you to make Theme fluid. This means it will expand on higher screen resolutions (like the standard theme does as well) and communities who use courseware should benefit from this, because it looks less crammed. A screenshot:
So-o-o… any clue about, say, ummm, a release date?
(mouth waters as he speaks…)
I'm looking forward to this. I hope to have it installed on my site ASAP. Thank you for the suggestion and feedback of the interface.
That will be a great start to a new week!
A few questions…
1 – I've got s2member set up on my install and have already coded a membership page to display info according to level and ccaps along with various other extras. I'm guessing I'll have to take that page down when I install bp-slick, right?
2 – Do the s2member settings in bp-slick adapt to the current install, or should the current install be reset to default settings and let the theme take over?
3 – Should I wait for theme documentation before asking more?
1: No you can keep the same membership page! Just fill in the ID of that page on the S2Member Theme Options page. By using a very simple plugin (included with your purchase) this page will then be added to a person's profile. So basically it's a nice wrapper to show the membership page inside someone's profile. I did not want to mess with the brilliant S2Member plugin, and this is a nice solution.
2: See answer one.. Since S2Member can be used for so many different things I focused on adding:
– an extra template for the welcome page with some nice tabs (shown on the bp-tricks homepage right now)
– a sidebar for that page
– Profile integration
– Some nice shortcodes to create cool looking buttons
– A welcome page template to get people started
So the changes are mostly aimed at making your sales/welcome page look awesome, add a nice membership section to profiles and allow you to quickly set everything up. S2Member remains intact and is not "messed" with.
3: Nope! Although most question you might have should be answered in the docs
Hope this answers your questions!
1 – Phew!
2 – Cool!
3 – Umm… no more for now
- The topic 'BP-Slick – Probably THE BEST BP theme I've ever seen.' is closed to new replies.


text:
Working Women in English Society, 1300–1620
Marjorie Keniston McIntosh
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005
Kings College London
Date accessed: 2 October, 2023
Working Women in English Society offers a fascinating insight into the numerous ways in which women engaged with the market economy in England between 1300 and 1620. Marjorie Keniston McIntosh's study is a timely addition to the growing body of literature on women and work, and one which is all the more welcome for bridging the traditional historical divide between late medieval and early modern England. This allows the author to chart the long-term impact of cultural, demographic, economic and social change on women's working lives and on the nature and level of their involvement in income-generating activities. McIntosh carries forward existing scholarship into women's economic roles by drawing on unpublished material from equity court petitions and by undertaking a substantial body of original research into five market centres: Tamworth (Staffordshire), Ramsey (Huntingdonshire), Northallerton (North Yorkshire), Romford (Essex) and Minehead (Somerset). She thereby illuminates women's participation in the often neglected areas of boarding, financial services and real estate, as well as in the more frequently studied areas of food, drink and craft work.
This highly accessible book is structured in three parts. Part 1 addresses the social context of women's work and places it within its current historiographical setting. Part 2 focuses on the roles open to women as service providers. Part 3 examines the occupations open to women as manufacturers and sellers of goods, and concludes with a short chapter on women as consumers. There is also a useful series of appendices at the end of the book which lays bare McIntosh's source materials and methods. Care and caution underline McIntosh's approach to her sources. The sheer volume of surviving equity court petitions, for example, necessitated the selection of a sample of 283 narrative petitions (229 from central courts and 54 from northern courts) between 1470 and 1620, chosen to reflect as wide a chronological and regional range of cases as possible. McIntosh remains sensitive to the potential pitfalls of such material, notably a petitioner's need to construct as persuasive a case as possible. In selecting the five market centres for her localised case studies, McIntosh's decision was influenced by their diverse regional economies and locations (e.g. compare the southern port of Minehead with the northern town of Northallerton), as well as their relatively complete sets of surviving court rolls. This reviewer, though, would have preferred a little more clarity about how Tamworth constituted 'an ordinary little market town' (p. 17).
The first part of the book offers a valuable critique of the sources for, and the existing historiography on, women's economic activities in medieval and early modern English towns. McIntosh adds her voice to the growing chorus of scholars (e.g. Maryanne Kowaleski, Sandy Bardsley and Judith Bennett) who are sceptical of the now increasingly discredited notion of a 'golden age' for women in late medieval urban communities, during which women enjoyed 'rough economic equality with men' (p. 31). (1) McIntosh herself concurs with the general thesis that the century and a half after the Black Death provided women with increased opportunities to participate in the market economy, but wisely acknowledges that this did not necessarily mean that 'their situation was rosy even in the best of periods' (p. 30). The author offers a critical reading of Judith Bennett's work on changes to female participation in brewing in the late medieval and early modern periods. In particular, she flags up the apparent contradiction in Bennett's argument that, on the one hand, women's work was underrated and inadequately remunerated in late medieval England, while, on the other hand, commercial brewsters enjoyed a high level of agency and involvement in the local economy (p. 33). McIntosh also, quite reasonably, draws attention to the problem of reconciling 'the inherently low status of the work [McIntosh's italics] done by women' with the sometimes weighty local standing of those families whose women brewed (p. 34).
McIntosh's study deftly highlights the close relationship between a woman's ability to generate income and her access to credit, in its social and financial senses. Working women faced gender-based disadvantages in so far as their creditworthiness was concerned. On a personal level, a woman's creditworthiness was related to her marital status and, in the case of a wife, to her husband's willingness and ability to support her business activities if she was not a femme sole. A woman was also handicapped by her lack of an occupational identity which might render lenders less willing to extend credit. In addition, a woman's reputation was particularly vulnerable to slurs against her sexual conduct, which could potentially undermine and prejudice her renown for honesty and reliability as a re-payer of debts.
Part 2 uncovers interesting new evidence for women's employment in 'domestic and personal service' occupations (p. 45). McIntosh sheds light on the experiences of groups of female live-in servants and housekeepers often overlooked in recent studies – women who remained in service (rather than marrying) and older women (usually widows) who re-entered service. The author also employs material drawn from the equity court petitions to look at residential boarding as an activity engaged in by 'relatively poor women' (p. 61), many of whom were married. Some houses catered for women as customers, boarding babies with wet nurses or accommodating pregnant young single women, illegitimate children, orphans, children from earlier marriages and the elderly.
McIntosh extends her discussion of female involvement in service occupations to examine their standing in credit relationships. The credit mechanisms in which women most often found a niche in the period between 1300 and 1620 were those based on informal and casual relationships, where women typically loaned small amounts of money to family members and local contacts. Female servants, for example, sometimes loaned out wages or inheritances to friends or even to their masters and mistresses. Married women also acted as moneylenders, although legally a married woman needed her husband's consent to do this. Not altogether surprisingly, in view of their independent access to and ability to accumulate resources, widows with spare cash often acted as lenders. McIntosh, however, persuasively argues that as credit transactions became more professional and increasingly sophisticated, and the size of loans increased, women were pushed out of large-scale, commercial lending agreements by c.1600. Yet even at this time, women still found a place in the lower and middling ranks of credit structures. In late medieval and early modern London, some women participated in the market economy as pawnbrokers, catering to the poorest sections of society, including newly arrived migrants. Women were, more often, borrowers in pawning agreements. All in all, McIntosh creates a compelling picture of women's roles in low level credit arrangements.
In addition to investing resources in small-scale loans, women also invested in the urban property market, purchasing buy-to-let (or buy-to-rent-out) property. Drawing on information from the equity court petitions, McIntosh suggests that the significant body of female rentiers present in London during the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries may well have had their origins among the landladies of the late sixteenth century. Widows contemplating remarriage appear to have regarded rental property as a fairly reliable means of providing for the future financial security of children from former marriages. McIntosh contends, though, that, in general, the service roles open to women, although 'essential to the functioning of households and the broader economy', generally brought women little return by way of pay and little advantage in terms of enhanced social standing (p. 116).
Part 3 focuses on women's contribution to the production and sale of goods. McIntosh argues that contemporaries possessed a deep-seated concern, which was strongly reflective of patriarchal values, about whether women's work in manufacture and retail posed a threat to the financial well-being and standing of male household heads. Women's regular participation 'in the lower levels' of cloth production and food and drink work can partly be explained not only by the outgrowth of such activities from women's traditional domestic roles but also by the lack of competitive threat which such activities posed to men, due to their meagre financial returns (p. 121). Men predominated in the more skilled occupations and especially in those which required specialist training and 'capital investment' (p. 121). The expansion in manufacturing which took place during the sixteenth century provided new, semi-skilled occupations for women, notably in small garment production (e.g. knitting caps and stockings). Yet even in these fields, women's work was distinguished by its poor pay, usually via piecework, and its temporary, often part-time, nature. Women, with a few notable exceptions in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, remained excluded from large-scale importing and exporting enterprises. Their lack of access to capital also inhibited their ability to set up shops; most women who operated middling-sized shops in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries were widows. Women were more numerous as hucksters – petty retailers who sold in the streets or rented stalls in late medieval towns. Demographic and economic change, however, influenced the fortunes of hucksters. Although, during the fifteenth century, some hucksters enjoyed 'a certain degree of occupational identity and may have earned a reasonable income' (p. 131), by the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries women faced growing rivalry from men desperate for any form of employment in an increasingly competitive labour market, challenging women's occupations in petty retailing. The economic pressures of the same period also contributed to important shifts in apprenticeship which had a detrimental impact on women's access to skilled crafts. The nature of female apprenticeship itself was evolving away from skilled craftwork towards agricultural or domestic work. Whereas small numbers of girls from prosperous urban families had secured apprenticeships in the major cities of late medieval England, greater numbers of girls from poor backgrounds were becoming apprentices at younger ages and in more onerous conditions by the late sixteenth century.
McIntosh's research into women's economic activities in her five market centres comes into its own when she turns her attention to examine women's roles in drink work. The evidence that she has collated from the period after the Black Death undermines the idea that because women engaged in multiple economic activities on an intermittent basis, their involvement was seldom lucrative. McIntosh asserts that individuals who participated in a variety of drink and food trades were potentially in a stronger position to secure a greater profit than those who did not diversify. Women engaged in drink work within the market centres were able to play a greater economic role after the plague of 1348–49 than they had done before. Some women secured work as long-term commercial brewers and challenged male domination of malt production. McIntosh successfully contests Bennett's thesis that brewing was a relatively lowly activity by demonstrating that a significant portion of women who engaged in brewing in the five market centres belonged to the households of local government officials. 'There is no sign here that brewing was held in low esteem' (p. 156). If the post-plague generations provided women, most notably wives from established local families, with improved opportunities for sustained commitment to brewing, female participation in drink work experienced significant change from the fifteenth century onward. This was partially stimulated by the trend towards large-scale, commercial brewing and by the arrival of beer and the growing popularity of sweet wines. By c.1620 women drink workers usually only remained at the bottom of the spectrum.
McIntosh detects similar changes to female involvement in aleselling to those in brewing in her five market centres: the numerous women alesellers of late medieval England were later pushed out of the top end of the market by men. The licensing of taverns in the mid sixteenth century reflected and contributed to a growing social concern about the ability of women to enforce propriety in drinking establishments, as well as adding to the financial hurdles encountered by potential alehouse proprietors. McIntosh modifies Bennett's argument that women gradually vanished from the drink trades in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Her material indicates that such a change was more sudden than Bennett suggests and took place within a single generation in four of the five market centres (Tamworth, Ramsey, Northallerton and Romford). Even in Minehead, the shift occurred within four decades. After making allowance for changes in reporting practices relating to how drink workers were recorded by local courts between 1460 and 1490, McIntosh explores the impact of demographic, economic and social change in bringing about a shift towards male dominance. First of all, she contends that the disappearance of many earlier drink workers in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries may well have been connected with outbreaks of disease, such as plague and sweating sickness. Secondly, she links the transition with anxiety on the part of local officials about controlling and tackling the growing numbers of poor in towns in the same period. Thirdly, she draws attention to changes in 'how and where drink was served to customers' (p. 180). Finally, the transition was facilitated by a growing concern among leading townsmen about the maintenance of order in alehouses, and about 'the presence and possible sexual availability of women' in such establishments (p. 181). The urban authorities in all five market centres prosecuted alehouses which failed to maintain appropriate order and which were associated with sexual impropriety.
In addressing food work and innkeeping, McIntosh suggests that the obstacles which women faced in securing access to credit for purchasing utensils and supplies, and hiring assistants, conspired to keep most women confined to the lowest ranks of the food trade, as sellers rather than makers of consumables. Female involvement within the skilled crafts was also limited throughout the late medieval and early modern periods. Only the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries temporarily provided women with more favourable opportunities to engage in the middling and, sometimes, upper strata of cloth production processes. London, with its market for luxury goods and customs supportive of widows and wives as traders, produced the most extensive array of outlets for women's work. Yet even within the fields of cloth and clothing, women remained concentrated at the lowest, least well paid, end of the range. They seldom operated workshops in the leather and metal crafts, unless they were the widows or daughters of craftsmen engaged in these activities. The final chapter of part 3 briefly considers women as consumers within the market economy. McIntosh acknowledges that this is 'a brief and preliminary account' of women's roles as spenders of money (p. 240), and there remains plenty of scope here for a more extensive analysis of women's spending and shopping habits at all social levels.
McIntosh's book succeeds in expanding our understanding of women's work between 1300 and 1620. It demonstrates how women occupied an essential but often poorly (financially and socially) rewarded place within the market economy. It conveys the centrality of credit relationships in determining women's scope for financial action. Admittedly, it dwells relatively infrequently on the role of women within the pre-plague economy, although this is largely a consequence of the nature and late date of McIntosh's source material. As it stands, this book offers a valuable synthesis of existing scholarship on women and work. It also constitutes a highly original study in its own right of the changes affecting women's occupations and the handicaps which they faced in trying 'to generate some income of their own' between 1300 and 1620 (p. 250). This will be a useful addition to undergraduate reading lists.
- M. Kowaleski, 'Women's work in a market town: Exeter in the later fourteenth century', in Women and Work in Pre-Industrial Europe, ed. B. A. Hanawalt; S Bardsley, 'Women's work reconsidered: gender and wage differentiation in late medieval England', Past & Present, 165 (1999), pp. 3–29; J. M. Bennett, 'Medieval women, modern women: across the great divide', in Culture and History 1350–1600, ed. David Aers (1992), pp. 147–75; and J. M. Bennett, Ale, Beer and Brewsters in England: Women's Work in a Changing World 1300–1600 (Cambridge, 1996). Back to (1)
The author is grateful to Dr Wilkinson for her detailed and constructive review and regrets that a massive university commitment makes it impossible for her to respond fully.


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Meteoric Career Includes Crew Chief Roles with Jeff Gordon, Dale Earnhardt Jr. and now NBC
Media Conference Scheduled for 8:30 AM ET Tomorrow at Daytona International Speedway
DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. — January 9, 2014 — NBC Sports Group's upcoming NASCAR coverage continues to take shape as another prominent figure from the sanctioning body's elite series joins NBC and NBCSN's expanding broadcast team. Current Hendrick Motorsports crew chief Steve Letarte, who once stood at the helm of Jeff Gordon's famed No. 24 race team, and now leads the crew behind the ultra-popular No. 88 car driven by Dale Earnhardt Jr., has reached an agreement to join NBC's multi-platform NASCAR coverage beginning in 2015. The announcement was made today by Sam Flood, Executive Producer, NBC Sports and NBCSN, and will be discussed in further detail at a Media Conference scheduled for 8:30 AM ET tomorrow at Daytona International Speedway.
"I've always been impressed with Steve Letarte's interviews, and feel smarter after hearing him break down the crucial elements of each race," said Flood. "It wasn't long into our first meeting about this potential role on our broadcast team when I realized that Steve is going to be 'Must See TV.'"
Letarte will join fellow analyst Jeff Burton and race announcer Rick Allen across NBC Sports Group's exclusive coverage of NASCAR's Sprint Cup and Nationwide Series action on NBC and NBCSN, which includes races, pre- and post-race shows, qualifying, and studio programming. Click here for more information on Jeff Burton and Rick Allen.
"As soon as I met with Sam Flood and his team at NBC Sports it became obvious to me how excited they are to be covering NASCAR in 2015 and beyond. Their excitement, along with my love for racing, solidified my decision to move away from the pit box and into the broadcast booth," said Letarte. "I want to thank Rick Hendrick and everyone at Hendrick Motorsports for the opportunities they have given me over the last 18 years, and I want to reaffirm my commitment to Dale Jr. and the entire 88 team to go win races and challenge for the championship in 2014."
Letarte has worked for Hendrick Motorsports since he was just 16 years old. In 1996, after graduating from high school early, Steve started traveling with the No. 24 race team, driven by Jeff Gordon, as a full-time mechanic and tire specialist. His impressive work ethic moved him up the ranks quickly, assuming the role of car chief in 2002, and then crew chief for the four-time NASCAR Cup Series champion in 2005 when Steve was 26. After five successful seasons with the No. 24 team and Gordon, Letarte embarked on a new challenge and joined Hendrick's No. 88 team driven by Dale Earnhardt Jr. Letarte and the No. 88 team started the 2011 season strong by capturing the pole at the Daytona 500, and went on to qualify for the Chase, the first time for Earnhardt since 2008. In 2012, Letarte and Earnhardt combined for their first win together, on Father's Day at Michigan International Speedway. Throughout the 2013 season, the No. 88 team solidly remained in the Top 10 in points and made the Chase for the Sprint Cup yet again. Steve and his wife, Tricia, live in North Carolina with their two children.
On July 23, 2013, NASCAR and NBC Sports Group reached a comprehensive agreement that grants NBCUniversal exclusive rights to the final 20 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races, final 19 NASCAR Nationwide Series events, select NASCAR Regional & Touring Series events and other live content beginning in 2015.
With this partnership, NBC's 20 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race schedule includes a designation as the exclusive home to the Chase for the NASCAR Sprint Cup, when the elite national series races through its final 10 events of the season. The Chase culminates with the season-ending championship event, which returns to network television in 2015 for the first time since 2009. Of NBC Sports Group's 20 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series events, seven will be carried on NBC annually, with 13 airing on NBCSN. Four of NBC Sports Group's 19 NASCAR Nationwide Series races will air on NBC, with 15 airing on NBCSN.
In addition to NASCAR's Sprint Cup and Nationwide Series races, NBC also obtained exclusive rights to practice and qualifying sessions for NBC's national series events during their portion of the season, as well as rights to broadcast the NASCAR K&N Series, NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, NASCAR Toyota (Mexico) Series, the NASCAR Hall of Fame induction ceremony and NASCAR's season-ending banquets. Further, NBC is granted Spanish-language rights, certain video-on-demand rights and exclusive TV Everywhere rights for its NASCAR Sprint Cup Series and NASCAR Nationwide Series events.


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The association of pattern of lifetime alcohol use and cause of death in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study.
Bergmann MM., Rehm J., Klipstein-Grobusch K., Boeing H., Schütze M., Drogan D., Overvad K., Tjønneland A., Halkjær J., Fagherazzi G., Boutron-Ruault M-C., Clavel-Chapelon F., Teucher B., Kaaks R., Trichopoulou A., Benetou V., Trichopoulos D., Palli D., Pala V., Tumino R., Vineis P., Beulens JW., Redondo ML., Duell EJ., Molina-Montes E., Navarro C., Barricarte A., Arriola L., Allen NE., Crowe FL., Khaw K-T., Wareham N., Romaguera D., Wark PA., Romieu I., Nunes L., Riboli E., Ferrari P.
BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence for an association between the pattern of lifetime alcohol use and cause-specific risk of death. METHODS: Multivariable hazard ratios were estimated for different causes of death according to patterns of lifetime alcohol consumption using a competing risks approach: 111 953 men and 268 442 women from eight countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study were included. Self-reported alcohol consumption at ages 20, 30, 40 or 50 years and at enrollment were used for the analysis; 26 411 deaths were observed during an average of 12.6 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The association between lifetime alcohol use and death from cardiovascular diseases was different from the association seen for alcohol-related cancers, digestive, respiratory, external and other causes. Heavy users (>5 drinks/day for men and >2.5 drinks/day for women), regardless of time of cessation, had a 2- to 5-times higher risk of dying due to alcohol-related cancers, compared with subjects with lifetime light use (≤1 and ≤0.5 drink/week for men and women, respectively). Compared with lifetime light users, men who used <5 drinks/day throughout their lifetime had a 24% lower cardiovascular disease mortality (95% confidence interval 2-41). The risk of death from coronary heart disease was also found to be 34-46% lower among women who were moderate to occasionally heavy alcohol users compared with light users. However, this relationship was only evident among men and women who had no chronic disease at enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: Limiting alcohol use throughout life is associated with a lower risk of death, largely due to cardiovascular disease but also other causes. However, the potential health benefits of alcohol use are difficult to establish due to the possibility of selection bias and competing risks related to diseases occurring later in life.


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WordPress Themes and Child Themes on ThemeForest Marketplace that are licensed 100% GPL.
That means, YOU the user (and buyer, developer, webmaster) have more freedoms with it.
Also it is possible then to use for Multisite installs and use the "network activation" feature.
And don't forget: Always support the original developer and pay for good work. That's essential! – Enjoy!


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This lot is a vintage glossy music press photo of the Cajun, Zydeco, Folk, Americana artist, Wayne Toups. He recorded on the PolyGram label. The photo is approximately 8″x10″.
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Backstage at Christian Dior's autumn 2017 trend present. They're unwilling to disclose their true figure till their feet that are poised on brightly coloured stiletto heels. We've got Levis, Lee, Reebok, UCB, Biba, Libas, Aurelia, Caprese, Baggit, Chemistry, Kalyan Jewellers, Malabar Gold & Diamond and a deluge of other manufacturers on the lowest prices. The look is snug, trendy, and adaptable, making it a go-to for shoppers throughout the board.
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text: Glenn Archer, deputy and first assistant secretary to former federal government CIO Ann Steward, will step into the Australian Government CIO role, the Australian Government Information Management Office (AGIMO) has announced.\nFollowing Steward\u2019s retirement after being in the position for seven years, AGIMO said it will take a whole-of-government approach to its ICT operations as part of a restructure, which is to be effective from 4 February 2013.\nArcher will be responsible for providing governance and policy advice for ICT for the whole of government.\n\u201cAs the AGCIO, Glenn will be the Chair of the CIO Committee (CIOC), the Authentication Governance Committee (AGC) and the Cross-Jurisdictional CIO Committee. He will provide support and advice to the Secretaries\u2019 ICT Governance Board (SIGB), which will remain the premier governance mechanism for government ICT,\u201d a spokesperson from the Department of Finance and Deregulation told CIO Australia.\n\u201cIn addition to his current roles, Mr Archer will also assume the responsibilities currently held by Ms Steward in relation to various interdepartmental, intergovernmental and international committees and forums.\u201d\nThe spokesperson said there will be no changes to budgets and no job losses as a result of the restructure, and expects the changes to make ICT operations more efficient in the long term.\nThe spokesperson said Archer has an \u201cimpressive background\u201d, having worked in both the public and private sector. Archer became the first assistant secretary of the policy and planning division of AGIMO in June 2010.\nAGIMO also announced the appointment of John Sheridan, first assistant secretary agency services at AGIMO, as the Australian Government chief technology officer. He will also have a central role in the restructure and will be responsible for the delivery and support of services, including networks, online services and ICT procurement.\nAGIMO said it will provide further information on the restructure and will engage stakeholders and the public in a discussion in the coming months.\nFollow Rebecca Merrett on Twitter: @Rebecca_Merrett\nFollow CIO Australia on Twitter and Like us on Facebook\u2026 Twitter: @CIO_Australia, Facebook: CIO Australia, or take part in the CIO conversation on LinkedIn: CIO Australia


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In case you're not familiar with this internet-shaking shit-show-in-progress, Adria Richards—a developer evangelist and former employee of a company called SendGrid—was minding her own business in the audience of a seminar at PyCon, a conference for people who work with the Python programming language. Sounds like a pretty mundane scene, at least to an outsider. But then all of the shit hit all of the fans.
Richards was distracted, mid-seminar, by a couple of tech bros sitting behind her making some shitty sexual puns about "dongles" and "forking." (She blogged about the full chronology of events here.) Richards did not enjoy the jokes. She especially did not enjoy the disrespect shown to the speaker, who happened to be specifically, at that moment, addressing programs designed to make the tech community more welcoming to women. Meanwhile, in the audience—Richards's photos reveal a sea of men—a couple of dudes felt 100% comfortable cracking the kind of crude jokes that people generally reserve for their home turf. And that's because, to a lot of dudes, tech is a space owned by men.
Then, Richards, as a professional woman who's toiled in a boys'-club field for years (and who had already rolled her eyes through several other similarly uncomfortable encounters at that same conference), lost her patience.
Jesse was on the main stage with thousands of people sitting in the audience. He was talking about helping the next generation learn to program and how happy PyCon was with the Young Coders workshop (which I volunteered at). He was mentioning that the PyLadies auction had raised $10,000 in a single night and the funds would be used the funds for their initiatives.
I saw a photo on main stage of a little girl who had been in the Young Coders workshop.
I realized I had to do something or she would never have the chance to learn and love programming because the ass clowns behind me would make it impossible for her to do so.
She snapped a photo of the offending dudes (who, she notes, were expressly violating PyCon's code of conduct) and publicly tweeted it, politely requesting that PyCon administrators enforce their own code. Administrators quickly pulled the offenders from the seminar. It could have all ended right there—essentially a lesson in professional etiquette.
But instead, the internet decided to throw one epic fucking tantrum. First, one of the men pictured in Richards's photographs was fired from his job (his company was one of the sponsors of PyCon). Richards did not call for him to be fired, nor did she celebrate the decision, according to this post. Nonetheless, Richards's company SendGrid—NOT the company that fired the dude—was subject to a DDoS attack courtesy of 4chan (their express purpose was to "ruin her life"). She's also been subjected to the usual avalanche of violent harassment and rape threats that descends upon any woman who dares to criticize male-dominated tech culture (see: Sarkeesian, Anita; also everything else ever). Sidenote to tech dudes: GET A FUCKING GRIP.
SendGrid subsequently fired Richards.
Now. A few things. Yes, in the grand scheme of the entire earth, a few offhand jokes about "big dongles" are almost completely innocuous. In fact, I made pretty much exactly the same joke one million times, whenever my nerdy former roommate said he was looking for his "dongle" or he needed to go "dongle shopping." However, CONTEXT MATTERS. And the issue that a lot of (white) men seem to have trouble grasping is that not everyone gets to move through the world wrapped in the comfy presumption that every space is their space. Many people almost never get to feel like that, outside of their own homes, because most spaces aren't inclusive of all groups.
I can only speculate, but based on my experiences in male-dominated fields (film criticism, comedy), I imagine that the relatively small number of women working in tech are on high alert all the time. I imagine that constant dick jokes, with their tacit imagery of a woman's body on the receiving end of said dick, might start to wear on a woman who already feels subtly unwelcome in a male-dominated space. I imagine that that wearying onslaught might be particularly frustrating when the woman is simply trying to do her job without being reminded, by the hundreds of strange men surrounding her, of her utility as a sexual object. I imagine that attempting to speak quietly with each individual man and instruct them in the particulars of rape culture and the subtle hostilities of gendered interaction might eventually begin to seem like a lost cause (and also, potentially, frightening). I imagine a woman might eventually just fucking tweet about it.
Regardless of what you think of the joke itself, it is sexist to contribute (willfully or cluelessly! Ignorance is not an excuse!) to a hostile work environment for women. Full stop. If you didn't realize you were doing it, that means you haven't bothered to think critically about women's comfort and needs. It's fucking 2013. It is not women's responsibility alone to correct gender imbalances. We need men to help. Richards shouldn't have had to reach out to PyCon administrators to get the disruption sorted out—men should learn to police their own goddamn behavior and the behavior of their neighbors. It's not enough to be neutral. It's not enough to be nice. Forward-thinking men who work in fields traditionally hostile to women have a responsibility to be actively pro-woman in those spaces.
Richards didn't call for anyone to be fired, she wasn't hostile or irrational, she wasn't outraged over one shitty dongle joke—she was expressing an accumulated frustration at the persistent difficulty of carving out space for women in the tech community. Men, if you don't get that, it's because you don't have to get it. You are not qualified to be dismissive of a lifetime of microaggressions until you have personally experienced a lifetime of microaggressions. So if you don't get it, be thankful. Now pick some of this shit up—it's heavy.