text:
1 Do I have to go to court or is there another alternative?
In England and Wales, the Government wants people to be able to resolve disputes in a way that is quick, efficient and cost effective and wants them to have a range of options available, and not just rely on the courts. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is about solving problems rather than imposing solutions, and in many cases it can yield creative and far reaching solutions to issues that are not able to be addressed within the court process.
Examples of ADR include Mediation and Arbitration; the MoJ even has a referral page of trained mediators who will mediate for a sliding fixed-fee . There is also a free telephone mediation service that is offered in defended Small Claims Track Cases provided the parties agree. Should the parties attempt ADR, and the matter not conclude, there is nothing that precludes the case continuing through the court process.
Should you go to court, the procedure is governed by the Civil Procedure Rules.
The information below may help you decide how best to resolve your dispute, it will only give you a general idea of what may happen. It does not explain everything about court rules, costs and procedures which may affect different types of claims in different ways. You should also remember that even if you win your case the court cannot guarantee that you will be able to get any money you are owed.
2 Is there any time limit to bring a court action?
There are time limits or limitation periods during which a court action should be made. The general limitation period is six years from a relevant date – for example the date of breach of contract or when damage was suffered or sometimes when any damage was discovered. Other limitation periods include one year for defamation or three years for clinical negligence and personal injury. Some, but not all, limitation periods can be found in the Limitation Act 1980. The question of time limits can be clarified with a lawyer, legal adviser or a Citizens Advice Bureau in the United Kingdom.
3 Should I go to a court in this Member State?
In most cases you should approach the court in the member state where the dispute arose. There are some exceptions to this rule which depend on the subject matter of the dispute[1] and there is a primarily paper based European Small Claims procedure . Further information is available from the UK European Consumer Centre .
[1] Cases involving contractual obligations, damages, consumer and employment contracts, patents/trademarks and ownership or tenancy of immovable property
4 If yes, which particular court should I go to in this Member State, given where I live and where the other party lives, or other aspects of my case?
Part 7 of the CPR and the accompanying Practice Directions can assist in determining how and where to start proceedings. The page "Jurisdiction" provides more information about the particular court in England and Wales at which a claim should be made. Details on court addresses can be found on the Ministry of Justice website.
5 Which particular court should I go to in this Member State, given the nature of my case and the amount at stake?
Again, Part 7 and the page "Jurisdiction" will provide more information about the particular court in England and Wales at which a claim should be made. Details on court addresses can be found on the Ministry of Justice website.
6 Can I bring a court action by myself or do I have to go via an intermediary, such as a lawyer?
There is no requirement for a person to seek the advice of, or be represented by, a lawyer; in a simple case of debt you may not consider it necessary to consult a solicitor. As a general rule, however, if your claim is for a sum over £10000 and particularly if it includes a claim for compensation ('damages'), it is advisable to seek the advice of a solicitor.
If the amount you are claiming is £10000 or less and is defended, you may take someone to the court hearing to speak on your behalf. A so-called 'lay representative' may be a spouse, relative, friend or an advice worker.
Other types of claims, for example personal injury claims, can be more complicated and it may be preferable to get some professional help and advice no matter what the value of your claim.
For many types of claim there is a 'pre-action protocol' [1] which sets out the steps the court will expect you to have taken before you issue your claim. It involves things such as writing to the person you are claiming from to set out the details of your claim, exchanging some evidence, allowing them to see your medical records if your claim is for personal injury and trying to agree the medical expert you will use.
Remember that you also have to prove your claim. To do this you will need evidence, for example a report from your doctor, or statements from witnesses who saw your accident. You will also need to make a realistic assessment of the amount of damages you are seeking. It may save you time and money to first ask a solicitor or advice worker if it is worth making a claim and, if it is, how best to prepare it, what evidence you need and what amount of damages to ask for.
If you are claiming on behalf of a limited company you may need a solicitor to go to the hearing for you. This will depend on how much money you are claiming and the type of hearing.
[1] There are a number of other pre-action protocols, such as for construction and engineering disputes, defamation, resolution of clinical disputes, professional negligence, and judicial review. Copies of all are available from a court or on the website of the Ministry of Justice.
7 To initiate the case, who exactly do I apply to: to the reception office or the office of the clerk of the court or any other administration?
The rules relating to starting civil proceedings are contained in part 7 of the Civil Procedure Rules[1], which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying practice direction. The basic rule is that, in the absence of any rule or practice direction a claim in England and Wales may be brought in any County Court hearing centre; in practice county court money only claims must be submitted on line or posted to Money Claims on Line in Salford; there is a complementary online procedure for possession claims as well.
Certain claims such as those brought under the Consumer Credit Act procedure[2] must be brought in the County Court hearing centre where the Defendant resides or carries on a business. Some hearing centres have electronic facilities for communication; the rules in this respect are contained in part 5 of the CPR and the accompanying practice direction , with special rules for the High Court. The details for the High Court can be found online here.
Court staff cannot offer advice on the validity of a claim nor the appropriateness of your chosen course of action. You may be able to get advice from your Citizens Advice Bureau or Law Centre.
[1]Op cit
8 In which language can I make my application? Can I do it orally or does it have to be in writing? Can I send my application by fax or by e-mail?
Claims should be completed in writing and in English, although Welsh facilities do exist for Welsh speakers. As noted above there is scope for electronic communication with the courts, both for lodging claims and making interlocutory applications, as well as for general communication with the Court. Guidnace for this can be found here.
9 Are there special forms for bringing actions, or, if not, how must I present my case? Are there elements that have to be included in the file?
In general, to start a claim you must complete Form N1; other forms exist for specific matters such as possession. The form N1 includes notes for guidance for the claimant. You can seek help from a Citizens Advice Bureau. The notes for guidance give details of the information that should be included with your claim. When lodging post, you should make one copy for yourself, one for the court and one for each defendant you are claiming from. The court will serve a sealed copy on the defendants.
There are a number of other forms for use in other types of proceedings or for later stages of a claim. These too are available from a court or the website of the Ministry of Justice.
10 Will I have to pay court charges? If so, when? Will I have to pay a lawyer right from the introduction of my application?
You will usually need to pay a fee to start your claim. The level of the fee will depend on the amount you are claiming. If the defendant does not pay once you have judgment, or says the money is not owed and your claim proceeds as a 'defended' (disputed) case, you may have to pay further fees. If you win your case, the fees will be added to the amount the defendant owes you. You may also be allowed some costs to compensate you for time lost at work, although this will not necessarily cover the total amount you have lost.
In certain circumstances, for example if you are receiving income support, you may be able to ask for an exemption from paying fees. Full details of court fees can be obtained in a leaflet on the Ministry of Justice website. Here you will also find details about when it might not be necessary to pay a fee.
There may be further expenses. If the defendant defends your claim you may need witnesses to help tell the court what happened. You may have to pay their travelling expenses to and from the court and the money they would have earned that day. If you win, however, the court may order the defendant to pay towards those expenses.
You may also need to obtain a report from an expert such as a doctor, mechanic or surveyor. You may also need to ask this expert to come to a court hearing to give evidence on your behalf. You will have to pay the experts' expenses and charges but, again, if you win the court may tell the defendant to pay towards these.
If your claim is for a fixed amount of money (a 'specified amount') and the defendant is an individual who defends your claim, your claim may be transferred to the defendant's local court. This may mean you having to travel some distance for any hearing which takes place. If you win the case you may be able to claim your travel costs and something towards your lost earnings.
The amounts that can be claimed for witness, expert and legal advice costs are limited on the small claims track.
If English is not your first language and you need an interpreter the court will not be able to help you find one. You will have to do this yourself and also have to pay any fees the interpreter charges.
Lawyers' fees are usually payable at the end of a case. If you win your case the court may order the defendant to pay some or all of your lawyers' fees. However, if you have a solicitor and your claim is for less than £5000 you will usually have to pay for his or her help yourself, even if you win your case. You should also bear in mind that although the court may make a judgment in your favour (this means ordering the defendant to pay you), the court will not automatically take steps to make sure that the money is paid. If the defendant does not pay, you will need to ask the court to take action (called 'enforcing your judgment') for which you may have to pay another fee. More information on enforcing judgments can be obtained in a number of leaflets.
11 Can I claim legal aid?
There are different types of limited legal funding available in some civil matters. The type of funding and eligibility to receive it depends upon a number of factors including the type of legal action and the income of the applicant. More information is available at the following website on legal aid.
12 From which moment is my action officially considered to have been brought? Will the authorities give me some feedback on whether or not my case has been properly presented?
The date on which proceedings start is the date when the court issues a claim form. The date of issue is recorded by the court by a date stamp either on the claim form held on the court file or on the letter that accompanied the claim form when it was received by the court. If any necessary information is missing from the claim form or there are obvious errors the court will not issue the claim and will return the form to you. If the claim is issued the court will send you a Notice of Issue which gives details of the date of issue and the date the claim was sent to the defendant.
13 Will I have detailed information about the timing of subsequent events (such as the time allowed for me to enter an appearance)?
Once the claim has been issued and the defendants have been served with the N1 Claim Form and the supporting documents, the Defendants have 14 days to file a defence and/or contest jurisdiction. Once a defence has been lodged, the court will issue a provisional allocation to track, and Directions Questionnaire which must be returned within a set time. Once the DQ has been received, the matter will be transferred to a suitable court; generally this is the Defendant's local county court hearing centre. The Court will make sure that the parties are kept informed of all dates by which things are to be completed.
Related links
Links of specific relevance have been provided in the answers above. The following are links of more general use:.
Bar Council of England and Wales
Law Society of England and Wales
The national language version of this page is maintained by the respective EJN contact point. The translations have been done by the European Commission service. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. Neither the EJN nor the European Commission accept responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. Please refer to the legal notice to see copyright rules for the Member State responsible for this page.


text:
Heat's LeBron James shows off Miami in new Nike spot
MIAMI (AP) -- For his latest commercial, LeBron James wanted to feature some of his favorite things about Miami.
A new spot featuring the Miami Heat star and four-time NBA MVP was released by Nike on Sunday night. Dubbed "Training Day," it shows hundreds of people joining James as he rides his bike through Miami's streets, swims in the ocean, jogs through the city and plays pickup basketball on an outdoor court.
Many of his workout partners in the video are children.
"So much fun, man," James told The Associated Press on Sunday. "The message is obvious. I want people to feel like they're at one with me and I had a lot of fun, shooting it all over Miami and to have all those kids, it was great."
The spot shows a small number of kids, on their bicycles, waiting for James outside his home in the morning. As James pedals through the streets -- waving to a group of men playing dominoes outside, a Miami tradition -- the crowd behind him steadily grows. He dives into the ocean for a swim, then pedals back to AmericanAirlines Arena for some shooting and conditioning on the Heat practice court as his workout partners wait outside.
James is an avid cyclist, and it's not uncommon for his bike to be stored near the door of the garage the players use at the team's home arena.
"They allow me to have a lot of input on the spots that come out and they're basically geared to who I am and what I do on a day-to-day basis," James said. "It was great to put that together."
The release of the spot coincides with the LeBron 11, his latest signature shoe. James and the two-time defending NBA champion Heat open the season Tuesday against Chicago.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Jumbo Shell Pasta Stuffed With White Cheddar & Chicken Macaroni Recipe
Lorie Roach thinks big: No little elbow macaroni for her. The result: Her jumbo stuffed shell mac & cheese recipe, stuffed with smaller shells and chicken, was the 2007 Grand Prize Winner in the Tillamook Macaroni & Cheese Recipe Contest. While this may have been judged to be the best macaroni and cheese recipe, we'd recommend a shorter name: Jumbo Shell Mac & Cheese Surprise. The surprise is to find jumbo shells stuffed with smaller shells, with a chicken bonus!
NEXT RECIPE: King Crab Mac & Cheese
Recipe and images copyright Tillamook. Other material Lifestyle Direct, Inc. All rights reserved.


text: I am rather new to the Linux world but have assisted in the installation of a new Ubuntu Linux server, replacing our old AIX server. I am an old vet at Windows but have a new Ubuntu box I am working with. If I convert a Windows box, to a Ubuntu box at the server location, how do I access the server using the Ubuntu GUI ? Is there a utility similar to PUTTY to interface with the server programs? Thanks


text:
Please login with your email and password below. New to RubRatings? Setup your free user here.
Note: If you created a user in a different RubRatings city, it will work here too.
Forgot your password?
RubRatings is a feature-rich service built for body rub and massage providers and seekers. We
take great pride in
providing an easy to use and affordable solution for service providers to advertise their
services. We also
strive to maintain an enjoyable and useful service for those seeking massage services.


text:
Google is trying to get better and better at anticipating what we're looking for whenever we search; that's what Marissa Mayer has said. They have been making better use of geography, not just sensing our country and language but now asking us to say where we are so it can give us local results. Since last year, it has been using our search history, if we allow, to improve our searches. The universal search tries to freshen up results with news, multimedia, and more, and I sense that the algorithm is giving more weight to currency.
So here's a question:
Is there a future for SEO? In a sense, Google's search results were the last one-size-fits-all mass product around (since most other mass media are shrinking): the first screen of results for, say, wine was the same for you as it was for me. And search-engine placement has taken on asset value; in my book, I just wrote that Googlejuice may soon be as important a measurement of a company's or brand's value as EBITDA. This led to the birth of a gigantic SEO industry.
But as Google gets better at personal relevance through everything it knows about us — and it knows more and more — then your search for wine may be different from mine and there is no absolute value for placement in results and Googlejuice, no?
What does that mean to brands? The world gets confusing once more. But I think it means that true relevance becomes more important than SEO tricks. It also means that the more relationships you have with people — the more they talk about you and link to you and click on you — the better off you will be.
Researching a section of the book on Gary Vaynerchuk, wizard of wine at WineLibrary, I was astounded as his Googlejuice. When I search for wine his store comes up fifth on the first page, the second vendor after Wine.com, which spent an untold fortune to build its brand. He didn't. His relationships with fans — search for wine TV and he's No. 1 — pushed him higher than any tricks with metadata in his web pages.
So does SEO get replaced by people? We can only hope.


text:
The most genetically modified animals in existence have been created to help end a shortage of organs for transplant, say US researchers.
The scientists successfully rid 37 pigs of viruses hiding in their DNA, overcoming one of the big barriers to transplanting pig organs to people.
The team at eGenesis admits preventing pig organs from being rejected by the human body remains a huge challenge
But experts said it was a promising and exciting first step.
The study, published in the journal Science, started with skin cells from a pig.
Tests identified 25 Pervs – porcine endogenous retroviruses – hidden in the pig's genetic code.
Experiments mixing human and pig cells together showed those viruses could escape to infect human tissues.
But the researchers then used the game-changing gene-editing technology Crispr to delete the 25 Pervs.
It then took cloning technology, the same used to create Dolly the sheep, to place the genetic material from those cells into a pig's egg and create embryos.
The complex process is inefficient, but 37 healthy piglets have been born.
"These are the first Perv-free pigs," Dr Luhan Yang, one of the researchers from Harvard University and the spinout company eGenesis, told the BBC News website.
They were also "the most genetically modified [animals] in terms of the number of modifications", he said.
If xenotransplantation – using organs from other species – works, then it has the potential to alleviate long waits for a transplant.
More than 100,000 people need an organ transplant in the US. There are about 6,500 people on the UK waiting list.
Dr Yang told the BBC: "We recognise we are still at the early stages of research and development.
"We know we have an audacious vision of a world with no shortage of organs, that is very challenging, but that is also our motivation to remove mountains."
Pigs are particularly promising for xenotransplantation as their organs are a similar size to humans', and the animals can be bred in large numbers.
But removing the viruses is only half the challenge, even organs donated from other people can cause a strong immune reaction that leads to the transplant being rejected.
The US team is investigating further genetic modifications to make pig organs more acceptable to the human immune system.
First step
Darren Griffin, a genetics professor at the University of Kent, said: "This represents a significant step forward towards the possibility of making xenotransplantation a reality.
"However, there are so many variables, including ethical issues, to resolve before xenotransplantation can take place."
Prof Ian McConnell, from the University of Cambridge, said: "This work provides a promising first step in the development of genetic strategies for creating strains of pigs where the risk of transmission of retroviruses has been eliminated.
"It remains to be seen whether these results can be translated into a fully safe strategy in organ transplantation."
The researchers had to overcome unexpected challenges from performing so much gene-editing in one go.
The Crispr technology works like a combination of a sat-nav and a pair of scissors. The sat-nav finds the right spot in the genetic code, and then the scissors perform the cut.
But making 25 cuts throughout the pig's genome led to DNA instability and the loss of genetic information.
Follow James on Twitter.


text:
NRA Chief Cites Boston Bombing in Push Against Gun Control
Heavy-handed gun laws and a culture disapproving of gun ownership put citizens in a vulnerable position during the door-to-door search for Boston Marathon bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev last month, NRA Chief Executive Wayne LaPierre said on Saturday.
"How many Bostonians wished they had a gun two weeks ago?" LaPierre asked in a speech at the National Rifle Association's annual convention in Houston.
"Residents were imprisoned behind the locked doors of their own home, a terrorist with bombs and guns just outside," LaPierre said, referring to the police search in the Boston suburb of Watertown.
Reiterating a theme from earlier speakers, he said law-abiding gun owners were under attack through government moves to control gun ownership, despite the need for self-protection.
"Lying in wait right now is a terrorist, a deranged school shooter, a kidnapper, a rapist, a murderer, waiting and planning and plotting in every community across our country, lying in wait right now," LaPierre said.
"No amount of political schemes, congressional legislation, presidential commissions or media round tables will ever change that inevitable reality."
The convention is the first national gathering of members since last year's high-profile shooting sprees at a theater in Aurora, Colorado, and Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut.
It also comes less than a month after the U.S. Senate voted down a measure to expand background checks for gun buyers, a step favored by U.S. President Barack Obama and most Americans.
An online Reuters/Ipsos poll released in January showed that 86 percent of those surveyed favored expanded background checks of all gun buyers.
A CBS News/New York Times poll released on Wednesday showed that 88 percent support background checks for all gun buyers and that 59 percent are disappointed or angry about the Senate vote.
Several demonstrations in support of stricter gun control took place across the street from the convention center.
Speakers lambasted Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein and New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, among others.
LaPierre announced that the NRA had reached 5 million members, increasing by 1 million since December after the Newtown shooting.
NRA First Vice President Jim Porter told members that the background-check proposal would have made criminals out of honest gun owners.
"Selling a gun to a good neighbor, just like you would do today, becomes a felony, and the government takes your guns," he said.
Porter, who is expected to be voted in as the NRA's next president by board members on Monday, highlighted the role of the rank-and-file in the fierce political battle over guns.
"That family, our family encompasses tens of millions of Americans. We are the vanguard of those citizens. The gun lobby – that's you," he said. "With our liberties at stake, we trump the billionaires, the media and the politicians every time."
On Friday and Saturday, a group gathered outside the center to read aloud the names of people who had died from gun violence in the United States since the Sandy Hook massacre in December.
Austin resident Heather Ross said on Saturday morning that she had been there since 7 a.m. on Friday.
"It's really intense to read these names because a few of them on there are zero or 1 years old, and that's hard. That's a baby," Ross said.
"Then when you read one that's your age, or your sibling's age, or you read all the names (of people who died) on your mother's birthday – that's very impactful and you go through it a little bit slower."
A group called Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America gathered signatures and messages on large signs set to be delivered to U.S. Senators Ted Cruz and John Cornyn of Texas.
They held a photo session on Saturday with some former Harlem Globetrotters and former NBA players and broadcaster Steve "Snapper" Jones to bring attention to children who were shot and killed.
Another group, Texans for Smart Gun Regulation, organized a protest in front of the convention center Saturday afternoon.
Occupy the NRA, organized by Aaron Black, an unofficial spokesman for last year's Occupy Wall Street protesters, held a news conference on Saturday morning to "say yes to guns and no to the NRA."
"I'm tired of watching our democracy being hijacked by these guys," Black said. "It's time for people to stand in front of this issue and not just send email petitions around."
NRA organizers expected 70,000 people at the three-day convention, which ends on Sunday. Saturday's events also included a sold-out "Stand Up and Fight Rally" featuring conservative TV and radio personality Glenn Beck.


text:
When Rose Eitmiller found a new house on Sweet Pea Lane in Dewey-Humboldt, Ariz., population 3,613, she felt at home. She was still mourning the death of a daughter whom she always called "Sweetpea," and the place seemed right to her.
But that move in 2004 only brought more heartache for Eitmiller. Four years later, U.S. EPA dug up her front lawn in a successful search for arsenic, and Dewey-Humboldt soon became a Superfund site.
Now the town is one of several locations in the western United States that scientists say could become a major source of airborne arsenic poisoning due to global warming and breakneck human expansion.
"If arsenic's in the air, if all that stuff is in the air, there's really nothing you can do," Eitmiller said. "That's the sad thing, you really can do nothing once you're here, and I've been here going on nine years."
Arsenic ore is present throughout nature, and rainfall gradually washes arsenic particles through the soil into the groundwater, often in small enough amounts that are safe for humans to consume. Sometimes this natural concentration is augmented by man-made arsenic, usually from factories, smelters or mines.
Dewey-Humboldt, nestled in the heart of the Prescott Valley between Phoenix and Flagstaff, has both natural arsenic and deposits of the toxic chemical from a retired mine and a retired smelter. Scientists from the University of Arizona are testing to see how much is getting into the air.
As global warming means rain becomes less frequent in some areas, and soil and rocks dry up, scientists think much of the arsenic that should be leaching into the groundwater will instead be blown into the air.
"Here in Dewey-Humboldt," Eitmiller said, "we're not getting the rain that we used to get."
The expanding dangers of dust
The West is getting dustier. A recent study from the University of Colorado found that dust depositions have dramatically increased in the past 20 years, due to increased aridity, wind transport and human activities.
Clark Lantz, a University of Arizona professor researching arsenic in dust in Dewey-Humboldt, is looking specifically for how dangerous the arsenic in the town's dust might become. By studying the composition of the dust, he's hoping to determine how likely it would be for the arsenic fractions to break away from the dirt particles that they're riding on and create greater exposure and damage to the human body.
"As climate change occurs, I think there'll be areas where it becomes more arid, and if arsenic is part of the geologic landscape it could potentially become a problem," Lantz said.
Based on his preliminary research, Lantz thinks the highest exposure levels in Dewey-Humboldt are still from water. Airborne arsenic would be an "additional burden," he said. One of the most significant complications he noted was how airborne dust could affect human lungs via inhalation, since arsenic ingested in water only reaches the stomach.
If inhaled particles were small enough, they'd be able to slip through the lining of the lungs and enter the bloodstream.
The health effects from inhaling arsenic are still largely unknown. EPA has classified inorganic, or man-made, arsenic as a human carcinogen. Exposure to arsenic has been strongly linked to problems such as heart disease, hypertension, and bladder and lung cancer.
A recently study by scientists at Texas Tech University also found that safe levels of arsenic and estrogen, when combined, can double the risk of prostate cancer, raising the possibility that even "safe" levels of arsenic could become harmful when combined with other toxins in the environment.
Stirring things up
While the Southwest is getting dustier, it's also attracting more new residents than any other region in the country. Nevada, Arizona and Utah were the three fastest-growing states in the country according to the 2010 census. Scientists think this rapidly swelling human presence is also contributing to the rising dust problem.
The Nellis Dunes Recreation Area (NDRA) is one example of this expansion. The rocky, burnt-out orange landscape, 20 minutes from the Las Vegas strip, has been attracting increasing numbers of outdoor enthusiasts riding dirt bikes, dune buggies and all-terrain vehicles since it opened about 40 years ago. Last year the site saw around 300,000 visitors.
Researchers from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, recently learned the NDRA also carries the highest levels of naturally occurring arsenic ever recorded on Earth. Brenda Buck, a soil geology professor at UNLV, she said she was "shocked" to see such high concentrations.
"There's no reason to think that area would be high in arsenic. There's no mining," she said.
"We're expanding into regions that weren't disturbed previously," she added. "And anytime you disturb them, that increases dust, especially in arid regions."
In her study, Buck compared arsenic levels from Owens Valley, a region in Southern California with notoriously poor air quality, to the NDRA. A study reported average arsenic concentrations of 40 parts per million in dust fractions smaller than 50 micrometers. In Nellis Dunes, arsenic concentrations hit 290 ppm for 10-micrometer dust fractions.
"My guess is if we started to measure dust in more areas, this area would not retain this record for long," Buck said.
Riders on the dunes could be exposed to coarse and finer particles, she said. Las Vegas residents would probably only have to worry about finer particles, in which Buck found the highest concentrations of arsenic, reaching them. "Which is bad," she said, "because it's the finer stuff that gets deeper in your lungs."
The health assessment was launched after a preliminary study found it took very low doses to produce signs of health effects. Buck will be testing the effects of arsenic on mice as well as on humans, asking volunteers to drive around the NDRA and then find out how much arsenic they ingest. She doesn't expect to have results for 12 to 18 months.
Gone with the wind
The emergence of dust and airborne contaminants poses a tougher containment challenge. As opposed to contaminants like arsenic in groundwater, which is easy to find, detect and contain, airborne particulates can travel thousands of miles, across state and international borders.
Experts say the only way to ensure containment and possible remediation of airborne contaminants is stopping them at the source.
J.C. Neff, a geologist at the University of Colorado who has studied the increase in dust emissions, said agriculture and mining are two of the easier sources to head off. But it's not always that easy. "On a larger scale, you can't pin it on one activity or another," he said, "which makes it difficult to say how we're going to address it."
The contaminants may be even harder to contain if no one is looking for them.
EPA regulates only industrial arsenic emissions, which would exclude the organic arsenic found at Nellis Dunes, which would qualify under geological emissions.
Furthermore, the Clean Air Act regulates only particulates smaller than 10 micrometers, more popularly known as PM 10.
"Those large particles overwhelm the concentration of smaller particles," Neff said, adding that larger particles lodge in the upper respiratory tract and could cause entirely different health problems.
Eitmiller, speaking on the phone, sighed as she sat on her back porch, gazing out at the mountains rising out of the windswept scrublands. "It truly is a beautiful place," she said. "I had no idea it was contaminated."
For now, the scientists are just happy the issue is beginning to get attention.
"I grew up on a cattle ranch," Buck said. "You see dust all the time, you don't think it's dangerous. People are just starting to get the message out that just because it's dirt doesn't mean it's safer."
Reprinted from Climatewire with permission from Environment & Energy Publishing, LLC. www.eenews.net, 202-628-6500


text:
A review of Happy Nerding's Euro-format sawtooth animator.
As the name suggests, the Super Sawtor is designed to produce the sort of multi-oscillator unison sounds known from certain Roland synths and dance genres. Feed it a single saw, triangle or sine to get a dense, buzzing cluster. Too Trance for you? Have a listen:
The two tracks should give you an idea of the Sawtor's sonic scope. If you want to hear more, pay as-you-like to download the source files (10 tracks, @ 25 mins).
The Sawtor is solidly built and simple to use - the only parameters are the dry/ wet mix and the amount of spread. Its internal LFOs change speed in response to the incoming signal's pitch. That keeps the amount of spread even for most of our hearing range. The result is rich, vibrant and less prone to the phase-cancellations I know from my Roland Super Jupiter. Indeed, although it is analogue, the Sawtor emulates the beating of a digital super-saw.
It's this 'intelligent' modulation that sets the Sawtor apart from Doepfer's sawtooth animator and draws a parallel to Cyndustries'. It also limits its use. The only parameter you can affect is the 'spread' i.e. the number of stages. Once activated, the saw-multiples are constantly in motion. They can't be 'stopped' and spaced statically to produce new waveforms as is possible with Doepfer's A-137-2. To improve audio fidelity, the Sawtor is AC-coupled. This rules out certain CV-processing tricks.
So, does that make it a one-trick pony? Yes, but only in the sense that spring reverbs or fuzz boxes are too. Because you can't independently influence the modulation speed, the choice of input becomes important. Gated, sync'd, FM'd or even polyphonic sounds can make interesting fodder if you want to go beyond the Hardcore Hoover. But maybe that is to miss the point of the Super Sawtor: it makes one VCO sound like many and does so without fuss.
Many thanks to Igor for the module and for answering my questions.
Friday, 29 March 2013
Super Sawtor Demo
Posted by Navs at 16:40 1 comment:
Labels: Bernie Hutchins, cyndustries, doepfer, Happy Nerding
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)


text:
How did you get your career start and what path have you taken since? I started with a degree in jewellery design at Middlesex university in London, during this time I did work experience with a fashion jewellery company Erickson Beamon and continued working for them and other designers after university. After a few years I launched my own collection Eleanor jewellery and sold to many boutiques around the world. In 2009 I relocated to Sydney and began my new brand Sollis Jewellery in January 2011.
What's the best lesson you've learnt along the way? Having had a arts/design education when I first started out I had no idea about how to actually run a business so that is the main thing I have learnt along the way.
What's your proudest career achievement? I think my proudest achievement has been to do design work for Swarovski for the last 3 years and see my designs sold all over the world.
What's been your best decision? To move to Sydney, Australia.
Who inspires you? I draw a lot of inspiration from traditional crafts and decorative arts from around the world, I particularly love Masai tribal jewellery.
What are you passionate about? I love making things and being creative, and when I'm not making jewellery I'm cooking. I love food too.
Which person, living or dead, would you most like to meet? Frida Kahlo
What dream do you still want to fulfil? Buying and renovating a beautiful house by the sea with my husband.
What are you reading? Shalimar the clown by Salman Rushdie.


text:
About Us
About Handshake Mercenary -
This is a free forum resource for the HAndshake community.
A Place to list your Handshake domain portfolio, (all or select parts.)
We noticed a lot of people making spreadsheets and mini sites listing their portfolios, but no single place to list your portfolio, contact information, and links freely.
We want to see how it best suits the community, and it is based on feedback and input from you as a Handshake director (user).
Some ideas
Link to namebase to do the buy/sell deal. Or maybe you want to get a SLD on someone else's TLD domain - discuss here freely.
We do recommend not linking to a google sheet or other site - but to instead put the list as "text" so people can search for it.
Can't Open It? You Need An HNS Resolver
Why didn't we just put it on a .com? Why use handshake.mercenary?
COME ON MAN! This is a Handshake community project.
It was purposely built on a Handshake only TLD (handshake.mercenary) to encourage more adoption of using HAndshake resolvers on your browsers!
And if you really can't, we all know about hns.to - so you can also navigate the forum by handshake.mercenary.hns.to
About the Team
Who is Behind the fourm? the team at SkyInclude put together
Download our Handshake Mercenary Logo
Need the high res logo of Handshake Mercenary ? Here are the options now
Full Banner (png)


text:
If you do not remember your username or password, the system can send them to you. Please provide the email address you registered with.
Error: Please check your email address and try again.
150 Miles of Open Road Ahead
You've always been up for a challenge. And meeting this one can make a world of difference. Two days, 150 miles that will challenge you and reward you like no other cycling event. Will power versus fatigue. Training versus excuses. It's time to ride the Louisiana Bike MS. Register Now!
Training Opportunities
Join a training rides and get prepared to boomerang (Hammond and back) in October! Training rides roll in July so mark your calendars!
TeamMS Wants You
Share your Bike MS experience by starting a team. Teams are a great way to build morale and demonstrate your community involvement. Any group of four or more people can form a team, and there are plenty of places to find members friends, family, your company or your community. Learn more about teams.
Pledges, Prizes, Prestige
Add up the dollars as the miles roll by. After registering, you'll receive everything you need to collect contributions. And with our powerful online fundraising tools, we've made it even easier for your friends and family to contribute to your ride. Raise $500 or more and you'll be eligible to win great prizes. Support a participant.
For all cyclists seeking a personal challenge and a world free of MS, Bike MS is the premier cycling series in the nation. With more than 100 extraordinary rides, the Bike MS experience is the ride of your life.


text:
Submitted by Simon Black via Sovereign Man blog,
I have an old acquaintance named Sam who has a hell of a deal for you.
Sam is actually a pretty famous guy with a big reputation. Unfortunately he has been a bit down and out on his luck lately… but he's trying to make a comeback. And Sam is prepared to float you a really great investment opportunity.
Here's the deal he's offering: you give Sam your hard-earned retirement savings. Sam will invest your funds, and pay you a rate of return.
Granted, the rate of return he's promising doesn't quite keep up with inflation. So you will be losing some money. But don't dwell on that too much.
And, rather than invest your funds in productive assets, Sam is going to blow it all on new cars and flat screen TVs. So when it comes time to make interest payments, Sam won't have any money left.
But don't worry, he still has that good ole' credibility. So even though his financial situation gets worse by the year, Sam will just go back out there and borrow more money from other people to pay you back.
Of course, he will be able to keep doing this forever without any consequences whatsoever.
I know what you're thinking– "where do I sign??" I know, right? It's the deal of the lifetime.
This is basically the offer that the President of the United States floated last night.
And like an unctuously overgeled used car salesman, he actually pitched Americans on loaning their retirement savings to the US government with a straight face, guaranteeing "a decent return with no risk of losing what you put in. . ."
This is his new "MyRA" program. And the aim is simple– dupe unwitting Americans to plow their retirement savings into the US government's shrinking coffers.
We've been talking about this for years. I have personally written since 2009 that the US government would one day push US citizens into the 'safety and security' of US Treasuries.
Back in 2009, almost everyone else thought I was nuts for even suggesting something so sacrilegious about the US government and financial system.
But the day has arrived. And POTUS stated almost VERBATIM what I have been writing for years.
The government is flat broke. Even by their own assessment, the US government's "net worth" is NEGATIVE 16 trillion. That's as of the end of 2012 (the 2013 numbers aren't out yet). But the trend is actually worsening.
In 2009, the government's net worth was negative $11.45 trillion. By 2010, it had dropped to minus $13.47 trillion. By 2011, minus $14.78 trillion. And by 2012, minus $16.1 trillion.
Here's the thing: according to the IRS, there is well over $5 trillion in US individual retirement accounts. For a government as bankrupt as Uncle Sam is, $5 trillion is irresistible.
They need that money. They need YOUR money. And this MyRA program is the critical first step to corralling your hard earned retirement funds.
At our event here in Chile last year, Jim Rogers nailed this right on the head when he and Ron Paul told our audience that the government would try to take your retirement funds:
I don't know how much more clear I can be: this is happening. This is exactly what bankrupt governments do. And it's time to give serious, serious consideration to shipping your retirement funds overseas before they take yours.
via Zero Hedge http://ift.tt/1e8rb50 Tyler Durden


text:
Configuring xPC Target PC
From MechJump to navigationJump to search
Configuring the Host/Target PC
This section describes how you tell the Host PC the specific Target PC with which you will be communicating. This also configures the settings that will be stored on the xPC boot disk (mainly, the Target PC IP address).
- Open Matlab
- Open up the xPC Explorer Program
>> xpcexplr
- In the xPC Target Hierarchy (on the left), click on "Compiler Configuration"
- Under Select C Compiler, select "Visual C"
- Compiler path should be "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003" - if it is not, you will have to Browse to that directory.
- Now under TargetPC1, click on "Communications"
- Set Host Target Communication to "TCP/IP"
- Set TCP/IP target driver to "I82559"
- Set TCP/IP target bus to "PCI"
- Set the IP address to match the one written on your CompactFlash card. <----- VERY IMPORTANT
- Set gateway address to "192.168.1.1" (B100 lab)
- Now under TargetPC1, click "Settings"
- Set Maximum Model Size to "16MB"
- Check the box next to Enable Secondary IDE
- Under TargetPC1, click "Appearance"
- Check the box next to Enable Target Scope
- Set Target Mouse to "None"


text:
As the Open Source Hardware movement gathers steam, it has become clear that the tools to work collaboratively on hardware are in the dark ages when compared with slick frameworks like Git used to work on software projects. We've read a fair amount about this lately, but the idea of visual difference generation for PCB layout is one of the better proposals we've seen.
Of course the big difference when it comes to version control is that software is text, but hardware is graphic and only represented by text for the computer to use. It's easy to use the 'diff' command to show you what text is out and what text is in, but that doesn't translate to a schematic. [Windell] is using command-line utilities to produce a schematic that colors changes differently for easy visual detection. This means exporting before and after schematics as PDF files or images, then using ImageMagick to process them. He also points out that there's a package out there called DiffPDF that will let you compare differences in PDF files automatically.
Check out what he has to say in his article, and make sure you get to the bottom where he suggests ways you can help. We agree that it shouldn't be hard to roll visual diff functionality into open source software packages used for hardware design, and to integrate that into version control systems. It'll just take some time for the concept to proliferate.


text:
Need help? Call now! +84.9110.31221
Popular Occasion
Special Occasion
By Price
By Color
By Design
Share your love:
Carefully selected for their eternal beauty and freshness with complementary mix of flowers and greens sure to melt any heart and make someone smile.
A lovely arrangement of lush/blooming or beautiful combined with season's fresh fillers, this creates a wonderful expression of affection to brighten anyone's day.
Picked at the peak of perfection, an eye catching array of gorgeous flowers making for a beautiful, bountiful bouquet, the freshest, most beautiful you will find anywhere. The perfect gift to make any day special.
Chocolate (+$7.95)
8'' Bear (+$8.95)
Balloons (+$3.95)
Cake (+$9.95)
Basket (+$4.95)
Glass Vase (+$8.95)
Toblerone 50 g (+$4.95)
Hershey's Kisses (+$5.95)
Bear + Baloon + Chocolate (+$17.95)
Office address: 412 Le Hong Phong Street, Ward 1, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Email: [email protected] Phone: +84.9110.31221
has just bought
mins ago


text:
The wishlist has already reached the maximum number of products
Max fidelity. Max control. Feel the power. Clear, ultra powerful sound with 4 large external super woofers and triple amp. The MAX series lets you customise songs using DJ effects and take control of your music with extensive networking options.
Sorry, this product is currently not available at any of our online partners.
Sorry, unexpected issue is occurred.Please close this window and retry the purchase.
Enjoy Clear, Sharp Sound Quality
Adding corrugation to speakers with a rigid yet lightweight nano bamboo cone produces crisp, clear vocals without distortion.
Get a Clear and Exciting Beat
The beat is automatically detected and amplified for
more powerful enjoyment, giving you rhythmical
music at its best.
Enjoy Your Music Collection
In addition to an internal memory (2GB) capable of
storing 500 songs, the DJ Jukebox plays songs from the
internal memory or a USB device with Mix Play mode.
You can also operate playlists and play requests
through the MAX Juke App.
* Available with the Panasonic MAX JUKE App through
Bluetooth® Wireless Technology. To use MAX JUKE
App, OS Version 4.1 or later, Android™ device
Add Your Taste
You can use the turntable on the top panel to add
sample sounds to the music as it's played. Up to six
types of sample sounds can be registered for custom
sounds that match the mood of each song.
Skillful Control – Just Like a DJ
Six effects give you masterful control over the music to
entertain your listeners with DJ-like club tricks and
Get the Party Going with Your Smartphone
The Panasonic MAX JUKE App lets you handle basic
operations, adjust the illumination, and control the
Scratch function. You can also request songs in one
shared playlist with several friends.
* Available with the MAX JUKE App through Bluetooth®
Wireless Technology. To use MAX JUKE App, OS Version
4.1 or later, Android™ device compatible. App is available
on Google Play™.
Lets You Enjoy Music Wirelessly in Your Room
Music data from a compatible device is sent to the
MAX Series by Bluetooth® Wireless Technology. With
NFC function, Bluetooth pairing is done by simply
passing the smartphone over the MAX Series. No more
worries about troublesome settings or poor
* The N Mark is a trademark or registered trademark
of NFC Forum, Inc. in the United States and in other


text: Steve's Blog By Steven San Filippo Real Estate Agent - Right Choice Realty LLC This is my blog space. If you have any questions regarding either purchasing or selling real estate. Please leave me a message or visit my web site at stevesellsswfla09509.listingbook.com and I will get back to you as soon as I can.


text:
Earlier I posted an article in which Will Thomas reported that the Chinese appeared to have hijacked a B-52 in 2007 apparently headed to the Middle East with partly-armed nuclear bombs illegally and dangerously mounted under its wings.
Now read the story of the black op's cover-up. Notice how many airmen appear to have been murdered to keep details of the operation a secret. Lest we forget….
Global Research,
October 29, 2007
According to a wide range of reports, several nuclear bombs were "lost" for 36 hours after taking off August 29/30, 2007 on a "cross-country journey" across the U.S., from U.S.A.F Base Minot in North Dakota to U.S.A.F. Base Barksdale in Louisiana. [1] Reportedly, in total there were six W80-1 nuclear warheads armed on AGM-129 Advanced Cruise Missiles (ACMs) that were "lost." [2] The story was first reported by the Military Times, after military servicemen leaked the story.
It is also worth noting that on August 27, 2007, just days before the "lost" nukes incident, three B-52 Bombers were performing special missions under the direct authorization of General Moseley, the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force. [3] The exercise was reported as being an aerial information and image gathering mission. The base at Minot is also home of the 91st Space Wings, a unit under the command of Air Force Space Command (AFSPC).
According to official reports, the U.S. Air Force pilots did not know that they were carrying weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). Once in Louisiana, they also left the nuclear weapons unsecured on the runway for several hours. [4]
U.S. Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Plans, and Requirements, Major-General Richard Y. Newton III commented on the incident, saying there was an "unprecedented" series of procedural errors, which revealed "an erosion of adherence to weapons-handling standards" [5]
These statements are misleading. The lax security was not the result of procedural negligence within the U.S. Air Force, but rather the consequence of a deliberate tampering of these procedures.
If a soldier, marine, airman, or sailor were even to be issued a rifle and rifle magazine — weaponry of a far lesser significance, danger, and cost — there is a strict signing and accountability process that involves a chain of command and paperwork. This is part of the set of military checks and balances used by all the services within the U.S. Armed Forces.
Military servicemen qualified to speak on the subject will confirm that there is a stringent nuclear weapons handling procedure. There is a rigorous, almost inflexible, chain of command in regards to the handling of nuclear weapons and not just any soldier, sailor, airman, or marine is allowed to handle nuclear weapons. Only servicemen specialized in specific handling and loading procedures, are perm certified to handle, access and load nuclear warheads.
Every service personnel that moves or even touches these weapons must sign a tracking paper and has total accountability for their movement. There is good reason for the paperwork behind moving these weapons. The military officers that order the movement of nuclear weapons, including base commanders, must also fill out paper forms.
In other words, unauthorized removal of nuclear weapons would be virtually impossible to accomplish unless the chain of command were bypassed, involving, in this case, the deliberate tampering of the paperwork and tracking procedures.
The strategic bombers that carried the nuclear weapons also could not fly with their loaded nuclear weaponry without the authorization of senior military officials and the base commander. The go-ahead authorization of senior military officials must be transmitted to the servicemen that upload the nuclear weapons. Without this authorization no flights can take place.
In the case of the missing nukes, orders were given and flight permission was granted. Once again, any competent and eligible U.S. Air Force member can certify that this is the standard procedure.
There are two important questions to be answered in relation to the "lost" nukes incident:
1. Who gave the order to arm the W80-1 thermonuclear warheads on the AGM-129 Advanced Cruise Missiles (ACMs)? At what level in the military hierarchy did this order originate? How was the order transmitted down the command chain?
2. If this was not a procedural error, what was the underlying military-political objective sought by those who gave the orders?
The Impossibility of "Losing" Nuclear Weapons
As Robert Stormer, a former U.S. lieutenant-commander in the U.S. Navy, has commented: "Press reports initially cited the Air Force mistake of flying nuclear weapons over the United States in violation of Air Force standing orders and international treaties, while completely missing the more important major issues, such as how six nuclear cruise missiles got loose to begin with." [6]
Stormer also makes a key point, which is not exactly a secret: "There is a strict chain of custody for all such weapons. Nuclear weapons handling is spelled out in great detail in Air Force regulations, to the credit of that service. Every person who orders the movement of these weapons, handles them, breaks seals or moves any nuclear weapon must sign off for tracking purposes." [7]
Stormer continues:
"Two armed munitions specialists are required to work as a team with all nuclear weapons. All individuals working with nuclear weapons must meet very strict security standards and be tested for loyalty — this is known as a '[Nuclear Weapons] Personnel Reliability Program [DoDD 5210 42].' They work in restricted areas within eyeshot of one another and are reviewed constantly."[8]
Stormer unwraps the whole Pentagon cover-up by pointing out some logical facts and military procedures. First he reveals that: "All security forces assigned [to handle and protect nuclear weapons] are authorized to use deadly force to protect the weapons from any threat [including would-be thieves]." [9]
He then points out a physical reality that can not be shrugged aside: "Nor does anyone quickly move a 1-ton cruise missile — or forget about six of them, as reported by some news outlets, especially cruise missiles loaded with high explosives."
He further explains another physical and procedural reality about nuclear weapons assembly:
"The United States also does not transport nuclear weapons meant for elimination attached to their launch vehicles under the wings of a combat aircraft. The procedure is to separate the warhead from the missile, encase the warhead and transport it by military cargo aircraft to a repository — not an operational bomber base that just happens to be the staging area for Middle Eastern operations." [10]
This last point raises the question of what were the nuclear weapons meant for? In this context, Stomrer puts forth the following list of important questions to which he demands an answer:
1. Why, and for what ostensible purpose, were these nuclear weapons taken to Barksdale?
2. How long was it before the error was discovered?
3. How many mistakes and errors were made, and how many needed to be made, for this to happen?
4. How many and which security protocols were overlooked?
5. How many and which safety procedures were bypassed or ignored?
6. How many other nuclear command and control non-observations of procedure have there been?
7. What is Congress going to do to better oversee U.S. nuclear command and control?
8. How does this incident relate to concern for reliability of control over nuclear weapons and nuclear materials in Russia, Pakistan and elsewhere?
9. Does the Bush administration, as some news reports suggest, have plans to attack Iran with nuclear weapons?
It is a matter of perception, whether it is "clear" or "unclear", as to why the nuclear warheads had not been removed beforehand from the missiles.
For those who have been observing these series of "unclear" events it is becoming "clear" that a criminal government is at the helm of the United States. There was no way that the six nuclear missiles could have been "mistakenly" loaded, especially when their separate warheads had to be affixed to the missiles by individuals specialized in such a momentous task.
It is also being claimed that military teams in both U.S.A.F. Base Minot and U.S.A.F. Base Barksdale made major "procedural errors". What are the probabilities of this occurring simultaneously in two locations?
It is also worth noting that original reports from military sources talked about only five of the six nuclear warheads from Minot being accounted for in Barksdale. [11] Nuclear warheads are also kept in specialized storage areas or bunkers. Moreover, nuclear weapons are not being decommissioned at Barksdale.
The Role of the Nuclear Weapons Surety Program: What happened to Electronic Monitoring?
The Nuclear Weapons Surety Program is a joint program between the U.S. Department of Defence and the U.S. Department of Energy. The National Security Agency (NSA) is also involved as well as other U.S. federal government agencies. The Nuclear Weapons System Safety Program is part of this program, which involves a monitoring and safeguards regime for the U.S. nuclear arsenal.<
The Nuclear Weapons Security Standard falls under the Nuclear Weapons Surety Program and is in place to disallow any "unauthorized access to nuclear weapons; prevent damage or sabotage to nuclear weapons; prevent loss of custody; and prevent, to the maximum extent possible, radiological contamination caused by unauthorized acts."
Under this or these safeguards system there also exists a rigorous control of use scheme, which is tied to the military chain of command and the White House.
"Command and Control (C2)" and "Use Control"
"Use control" is a set of security measures designed to prevent unauthorized access to nuclear weapons. These measures involve weapons design features, operational procedures, security, and system safety rules.
"Command and Control" or "C2" involves the Office of the President of the United States of America. C2 is an established line of command, which is tied to the White House. Without it, nuclear weapons cannot be deployed or armed as they were in U.S.A.F. Base Minot. It is these two control elements that establish the basis of authorization through which "absolute control of nuclear weapons" is maintained "at all times."
In addition to the checks and balances in place in regards to handling nuclear weapons, the Defence Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and its partners manually and electronically inspect and monitor all U.S. nuclear weapons through the Nuclear Weapon Status Information Systems.
More Unanswered Questions: What Happened to the Computerized Tracking System?
The Nuclear Management Information Systems "interface with each other and provide [the U.S. Department of Defence] with the ability to track the location of nuclear weapons and components from cradle-to-grave [meaning from when they are made to when they are decommissioned]." [12]
The Military Times also makes an omission that exposes the official narrative as false and indicates that the event was not just a mistake: "The Defense Department uses a computerized tracking program to keep tabs on each one of its nuclear warheads, said Hans Kristensen, director of the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists. For the six warheads to make it onto the B-52, each one would have had to be signed out of its storage bunker and transported to the bomber." [13]
This is where the chain of command in regards to military officers falls into play. If any of the stocked inventories of nuclear weapons are moved to an authorized location they will be noticed and tracked by the DTRA and will require the relevant authorization. There is also a code system involved that is tied to the chain of command.
The fact that the incident only apparently became known to the U.S. Air Force when military personnel reported it, suggests that either the nuclear weapons were ordered to be moved or that the electronic tracking devices had been removed or tampered with. This scenario would need the involvement of individuals with expertise in military electronics or for those responsible for the monitoring of nuclear weapons to look the other way or both.
Mysterious Deaths in the United States Air Force: Whitewash and Cover-up
Several military personnel died under mysterious circumstances shortly before and after the incident. There are now questions regarding the fate of these individuals in the U.S. Air Force who could have had relationships in one way or another to the incident or possibly have been directly involved. It is also necessary to state that there is no proof that these deaths are linked to the August flight from Minot to Barksdale in question.
Citizens for Legitimate Government has pointed towards the involvement of the U.S. Air Force in a cover-up and has linked several deaths of U.S. servicemen to the incident. Lori Price has also stated for Citizens for a Legitimate Government that "you need about fourteen signatures to get an armed nuke on a B-52."
Based on several news sources, including the U.S. military, we provide below a detailed review of these mysterious and untimely deaths of U.S. servicemen.
Todd Blue
Airman 1st Class Todd Blue went on leave days after the nuclear weapons were "lost." Blue died under questionable timing while on leave, visiting his family in Wytheville, Virginia at the age of 20 on September 10, 2007. He was a response force member assigned to the 5th Security Forces Squadron. What does this mean?
Airman Todd Blue occupied a key position in weapons systems security at Minot. [14] At Minot U.S.A.F. Base the 5th Security Forces Squadron to which he belonged was responsible for base entry requirements and a particular section, the Weapons System Security section, was responsible for preventing the unauthorized removal of military property. The latter is responsible for security of all priority resources, meaning the security of nuclear weapons. In other words not only did the 5th Security Forces Squadron keep eyes on what entered and left Minot, but they kept an eye on and monitored the nuclear weapons.
John Frueh
U.S. Air Force Captain John Frueh is another serviceman who could have been indirectly connected to the "lost" nuclear weapons. He was reported as being last seen with a GPS device, camera, and camcorder being carried with him in a backpack. Local police in Oregon and the F.B.I. seemed to be looking for him for days. His family also felt that something bad had happened to him.
On September 8, 2007 Captain Frueh was found dead in Washington State, near his abandoned rental car, after the Portland Police Department contacted the Skamania County Sheriff's Officer. [15] The last time he spoke with his family was August 30, 2007. He had arrived from Florida to attend a wedding that he never showed up at. The Oregonian reported that "Authorities in Portland found no activity on his credit or bank cards since [Frueh] was last seen (…) [and that] the last call from his cell phone was made at 12:28 p.m. [August 30, 2007] from Mill Plain Boulevard and Interstate 205 in Vancouver [Washington State]." [16]
His background was in meteorology and the study of the atmosphere and weather. He was also reported to be a U.S. Air Force pararescue officer. [17] He was also a major-select candidate, which means he was selected for a promotion as a U.S. Air Force major, but was not officially promoted.
Captain Frueh belonged to the U.S.A.F. Special Operations Command. U.S.A.F. Special Operations Command has its headquarters in Hurlburt Field, Florida and is one of nine major Air Force commands. It is also the U.S. Air Force's component of U.S. Special Operations Command, a unified command located at MacDill Air Force Base, which is also in Florida. The force provides special operations forces for worldwide deployment and assignment to regional unified commands, such as CENTCOM. Its missions include conduct of global special operations. These operations — and this is where careful attention should be paid — range from "precision application of firepower, such as nuclear weapons," to infiltration, exfiltration (the removal of "devices," supplies, spies, special agents, or units from enemy territory), re-supply and refuelling of special operational elements.
In Captain Frueh's case his death is questionable too. The U.S. Air Force would not let a missing persons' investigation go forward by the police without conducting its own investigation. Usually the different service branches of the U.S. military would investigate for missing servicemen, to see if these individuals are Absent Without Authorized Leave (AWAL) or have deserted, before an individual's case is handed over to the police.
Clint Huff, Linda Huff, and Weston Kissel
Another military weatherman, along with his wife, also died after August 30, 2007. Senior Airman Clint Huff, belonging to the 26th Operational Weather Squadron and his wife Linda Huff died in a motorcycle accident on September 15, 2007. [18] The husband and wife fatality happened on Shreveport-Blanchard Highway, near U.S.A.F. Base Barksdale, when according to the Caddo Parish Sheriff's Officer a Pontiac Aztec, a medium-sized SUV, initiated a left turn at the same time that the couple attempted to pass on a no passing zone and collided. [19]
First-Lieutenant Weston Kissel, a B-52H Stratofortress Bomber pilot, also died in a reported Tennessee motorcycle accident. This was while he was on leave in, less than two months from the nuclear B-52 flights, on July 17, 2007. [20] His death came after another single-vehicle accident by another Minot serviceman, Senior Airman Adam Barrs. [21]
Adam Barrs and Stephen Garrett
Senior Airman Barrs died as a passenger in a vehicle being driven by Airman 1st Class Stephen Garrett, also from Minot. Garrett, also belongs to the 5th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron.
The death of Barrs was reported as being part of a single-vehicle car accident. Associated Press reports state that "[Minot] Base officials say 20-year-old Barrs was a passenger in a vehicle that failed to negotiate a curve, hit an approach, hit a tree and started on fire late Tuesday [July 3, 2007] night." [22] Barrs was pronounced dead on the scene of the accident, while Garrett was taken the hospital with no updates released by the U.S. Air Force. Adam Barrs also belonged to the 5th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron, where he was responsible for the maintenance and securing of the electronic communicational and navigation mission systems aboard the B-52H Stratofortresses on base. The 5th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron is also one of the units that are responsible for loading and unloading weaponry onto the B-52H Stratofortresses.
The deaths of Kissel and Barrs could be dismissed as irrelevant because they occurred prior to the incident. However, Barrs and Kissel could have been in one way or another connected to the advanced planning of the special operation, prior to the incident (special operations are not planned in a few days and may take months and even longer). There is, of course, no proof and only an independent investigation will be able to reveal whether these deaths are connected to the incident.
If there was an internal and secretive operation bypassing most military personnel, a few men in key positions would have to have been involved over a period of time prior to the August 29/30, 2007 flight. Senior Airman Barrs, due to his expertise in communication and navigational systems, could potentially have been involved in the preparations that would have allowed the nuclear weapons to escape detection by military surveillance and be ready for takeoff.
Reprimands, Replacements and Reassignments in the U.S.A.F. Chain of Command
Senior officers, including three colonels and a lieutenant-colonel, are among seventy personnel that will reportedly be disciplined for negligence and for allowing a B-52H Stratofortress Bomber to fly across the U.S. carrying six nuclear-armed cruise missiles that should never have been loaded under its wings. [23]
According to the Military Times, George W. Bush Jr. had been swiftly informed. This is a lockstep procedure. This illustrates the importance tied to the authorization needed for handling nuclear weapons. This is part of a two-way process in regards to authorization from the White House.
The commander of the 5th Munitions Squadron and the commander of the 5th Bomb Wing, Colonel Bruce Emig, have been replaced along with a series of other senior officers. This implies that the U.S. Air Force chain of command is directly involved in this event. None of these senior officers have been authorized to speak or make statements, according to U.S. military sources. Will any of these officers receive lucrative departure packages? Have they been reassigned?
More generally, the nature of the reprimands directed against senior officers involved has not been fully disclosed.
The "memory" of the incident is being erased through a reorganization of the ranks and a purge at U.S.A.F. Base Minot. The streamlining of the chain of command as well as the mysterious deaths of personnel who could have been involved in the incident, raise a series of far-reaching questions.
There are several important issues regarding the senior officers' chain of command at Minot, which will be addressed in this article. Once again, the most important questions in regards to the missing nukes are: Who gave the orders and authorization for the operation and what where the underlying objectives of loading armed nuclear missiles?
Other Mysterious Deaths: Was the Missing Nukes Incident connected to US War Plans directed against Iran?
Charles D. Riechers
A U.S. Air Force official, Charles D. Riechers, has been found dead on October 14, 2007. [24] Riechers was a retired Air Force officer and master navigator specializing in electronic warfare. He was a member of the Senior Executive Service of the U.S. Air Force, and was the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition and Management. A description of his duties includes "providing sound expert advice and guidance on acquisition and procurement policies, as well as formulating, reviewing and, as assigned, execution of plans, programs and policies relating to organization, function, operation and improvement of the Air Force's acquisition system."
He apparently killed himself by running his car's engine inside his suburban garage in Virginia. The death of Charles D. Riechers has been casually linked by The Washington Post to his involvement in fraudulent activities and embezzlement. [25] The Washington Post reported that the Air Force had asked defense contractor, Commonwealth Research Institute (C.R.I.), to give him a job with no known duties while he waited for official clearance for his promoted rank in the Pentagon.
Riechers is quoted as saying: "I really didn't do anything for C.R.I.," and "I [still] got a paycheck from them." The question, of course, was whether the contractor might expect favours in return upon his assignment to the Pentagon last January. [26] A mysterious suicide letter expressing shame was subsequently reported; the letter was reportedly from a man who had already admitted without shame that he was receiving money for doing nothing. This was known to the U.S. Senate, which had approved his promotion.
In a report featured by Pravda, Russian Intelligence analysts have said that the reported suicide of Charles D. Riechers was a cover-up and that he was murdered because of his involvement in the controversial flight of nuclear weapons over the continental United States.
Pravda reports that "Russian Intelligence Analysts are reporting today that American War Leaders have 'suicided' [sic] one of their Top U.S. Air Force Officials Charles D. Riechers as the rift growing between the U.S. War Leaders and their Top Military Officers over a nuclear attack on Iran appears to be nearing open warfare." [27]
According to the Pravda report, the incident was linked to an operation to smuggle nuclear weapons away from the U.S. military in connection to launching a war against Iran.<
The Commonwealth Research Institute (CRI), a registered non-profit organization is a subsidiary of Concurrent Technologies, which is registered with the IRS as a tax-exempt charity, which is run by Daniel Richard DeVos. Devos is also an associate of John P. Murtha, who was investigated by the F.B.I. for his Saudi links.
Certainly the ties of the Commonwealth Research Institute (CRI), a non-profit organization working for the Pentagon, are questionable and the organization could be a front for internal operations that bypass most military personnel. The case appears to be part of an internal operation that was being kept a secret from most of the U.S. military, but what for?
Russell E. Dougherty
More than a month before the death of Riechers, General Russell Elliot Dougherty, a retired flag officer, was also reported to have died on September 7, 2007 at his home in Falcon Landing military retirement community in Potomac Falls located in Arlington, Virginia. [28] He once was one of the most senior individuals responsible for the nuclear arsenal of the U.S. military and also the former commander of Strategic Air Command (SAC) and director of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff, which identified nuclear targets worldwide amongst its responsibilities. At Minot next to his obituary was a military information notice on suicide, telling servicepersons what the signs of suicide are. [29]
Russell Dougherty in the course of his military career in the U.S. Air Force had dealt with the issues pertaining to Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD), full spectrum dominance, how to defeat the enemy and avoid a nuclear war, other uses for nuclear weaponry, Nuclear Primacy for the U.S., and tackling the effects of the wind and weather — due to their unpredictable natures — on the use of nuclear weapons.
The fact that the nuclear warheads were attached to the nuclear cruise missiles could mean that someone wanted to take the weapons in one step or to use them right away.
Timely Appointments at U.S.A.F. Base Minot
Several of the commanding officers at Minot were freshly appointed in June, 2007. This may have been part of standard procedures, but the timing should not be ignored.
Colonel Robert D. Critchlow was transferred, just before the incident, from the Pentagon to Minot and appointed commanding officer for the 91st Operations Group, a missileer unit and the operational backbone of the 91st Space Wing. In Washington, D.C. he was involved in research for the Congressional Research Services and later posted into Air Force Nuclear Response and Homeland Defence.
Colonel Myron L. Freeman was transferred from Japan to Minot in June, 2007. Colonel Freeman was appointed as the commander of the 91st Security Forces Group, which is responsible for securing Minot's nuclear arsenal.
Colonel Gregory S. Tims was also appointed as deputy commander or vice-commander of the 91st Space Wing in June, 2007. However, Colonel Tims was transfered to Minot from California almost a year before.
One of the most senior non-commissioned officers (NCOs) or non-commissioned members (NCMs), Chief Master Sergeant Mark R. Clark, was also transferred to U.S.A.F. Base Minot from Nebraska in July, 2007.
Colonel Roosevelt Allen was also transferred to Minot from Washington, D.C. to become commander of the 5th Medical Group.
Colonel Bruce Emig, the now-former commander of the 5th Bomb Wing, was also transferred to Minot from U.S.A.F. Base Ellsworth in South Dakota in June, 2007. Colonel Emig was also the base commander of Minot.
Colonel Cynthia M. Lundell, the now-former group commander for the 5th Maintenance Group, the unit responsible for loading and unloading weaponry onto the B-52H Stratofortresses was also freshly transferred from a NATO post in Western Europe in June, 2007. Were these appointments temporary? Were any of these appointments related to the six "lost" nuclear missiles?
Prior to the Missing Nukes Incident, Minot Airmen Meet with the President and the U.S. Air Force Chief of Staff
On June 15, 2007, George W. Bush Jr. met senior officers from U.S.A.F. Base Minot at U.S.A.F. Base McConnell in Wichita, Kansas during a visit to Boeing's Integrated Defense Systems facility. Amongst them was Major Daniel Giacomazza of the 5th Operational Support Squadron.
Senator Patrick Roberts of Kansas was also present. "While he chaired the Senate Intelligence Committe from 2002 to 2007, [Senator] Roberts stonewalled attempts to investigate everything from the manipulation of intelligence in the rush to war in Iraq, President Bush's warrantless wiretaps, and even allegations of the use of torture by the CIA," according to Associated Press (AP) reports. [30] The same report also indicates that the U.S. President was in Wichita for a political fundraiser, and stopped at a new Boys and Girls Club of America to defray the costs of getting to Wichita via Air Force One for Senator Roberts' campaign.
Military sources have reported that a B-52H Stratofortress was flown to Wichita so that Boeing's engineers could take a look in order to make adjustments to the war planes for a new military program. [31] Nothing has been reported about any private meetings between President Bush Jr. or any of his presidential staff and the personnel from Minot. However, reports have been made of meetings between military families and the U.S. President in his office on Air Force One.
General Moseley, the Air Force Chief of Staff, had previously visited Minot on March 14-15, 2007, a month before Minot airmen went to Wichita. [32] If a secret mission was being prepared, these events could have played a role in the recruiting phases for an important internal special operation. Following their recruitment, Minot servicemen could have symbolically met General Moseley or White House officials to understand that the mission was being sanctioned by the highest ranks and offices in the United States.
Orders had to Come from the Top: Treason of the Highest Order
Orders had to come from higher up.
The operation would not have been possible without the involvement of more than one individual in the highest ranks of the U.S. Air Force command structure and the Pentagon.
The only way to bypass these separate chains of command is "to be above them" (from higher up), as well as to have the possibility of directly overseeing their implementation.
These orders would then have been communicated to lower levels in the U.S. Air Force command chain in different locations, to allow for so-called "oversight" to proceed. The alternative to this is "an alternative chain of command," although this also needs someone in the highest ranks of office to organize and oversee.
The post given to Riechers was politically motivated, given his track record in the U.S. Air Force. Riechers had been in a position of responsibility in the U.S. Air Force special operational support activities; something he had in common with Russell Dougherty, the former SAC commander. He would have been one of the best suited individuals for making arrangements in the case of an alternative command structure for a secretive nuclear operation. Moreover, he already had a record of corrupt behaviour through his involvement with the Commonwealth Research Institute. The possible involvement of U.S. Air Force weathermen and special operatives raises many questions as to what exactly was the objective of making the nuclear weapons disappear. [33]
The Investigation
The U.S. Air Force has publicly stated that it has made a "mistake," which is very unusual and almost unprecedented for a military organization that tries to continually assure the American public of their safety.
The fact that seventy or more military personnel have been punished in the case of the "lost" nuclear weapons does not mean, however, that the senior commanding officers responsible for having carried out the special operation will be identified and punished.
Quite the opposite. The investigation could indeed result in a camouflage of the chain of command, where lower-ranking military personnel are accused and court-martialed, with a view to ultimately protecting those in high office who have committed an act of treason.
The series of deaths mentioned above, may have no ties whatsoever with the the August flight in question from Minot to Barksdale, but the issues of command, monitoring, and authorization cannot be overlooked or ignored. The American people have before them a case of treason that involves the highest offices of government and most probably the offices of the President and the Vice-President.
Once again, the "C2" process involves the Office of the President and Commander-in-Chief. It is an established line of command, without which nuclear weapons could not have been deployed or armed as they were in U.S.A.F. Base Minot. It is this command element that establishes the basis of authorization through which "absolute control of nuclear weapons" is maintained "at all times."
With time it is possible that military servicemen and servicewomen may come forward with more information.
However, in the meantime, there has been a streamlining of military personnel at U.S.A.F. Base Minot. Base personnel have become dispersed and reassigned to other locations.
If they on the grounds of loyalty to their country, the United States of America, come forward and reveal what has taken place, they are to be saluted with full honour by all ranks. As George Orwell said, "In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act," and indeed these are deceitful times.
The fact that U.S. Air Force officers came forward and reported this incident is contrary to U.S. military procedures, regulations, and laws. The U.S. military will never release any information that will risk or damage its reputation. Any information in regards to nuclear weapons can not be released without prior consultations with and authorization by the White House.
The nuclear weapons were armed and moved deliberately. Orders had to have come from the highest echelons of the U.S. government.
The question is what exactly were they meant for? Were they part of a war agenda or something else?
Bush Threatens Iran with Nuclear Weapons
What adds intrigue to an understanding of the missing nukes, are the international events and war games taking place just after the "lost" nuclear weapons incident, not to mention the President's ongoing threats to attack Iran with nuclear weapons and Vice President Cheney's repeated warnings that a second large scale terrorist attack on America is under preparation, with the support of Iran.
In the U.S., under the Vigilant Shield 2008 war games (initiated in September, 2007) and the TOPOFF anti-terrorism exercises, some form of nuclear terrorist attack on American soil had been envisaged. The roles of Russia and China had also been contemplated. The latter would be "a likely scenario" had the U.S. attacked Iran and as a result Russia and China had decided to intervene. [34] Under Vigilant Shield 2007, held in 2006, the possibility of a nuclear war with Iran's allies, Russia and China, had been contemplated in the war games scenario.
The Kremlin has responded by holding its own war games. [35]
An unveiled threat to trigger World War Three has been the response of George W. Bush Jr. to Russia's statements warning that a U.S. sponsored war with Iran, could result in an escalating World War III scenario.
The six nuclear warheads were not meant for use in theatre operations against Iran. This is obvious because if they were then they would have been deployed via the proper procedural routes without the need to hide anything. Besides, there are already theatre-level nuclear weapons ready and armed in Europe and the Middle East for any possible Middle Eastern mission. There was something more to the incident.
It is also worth noting that the Israelis launched an attack on an alleged Syrian nuclear facility that both Tel Aviv and the White House claim was constructed with the assistance of North Korea. This event has been used, through official statements and media disinformation, to draw a Syria-Iran-North Korea nuclear proliferation axis. [36]
In regards to the case of the missing nuclear weapons, weathermen and military personnel with an expertise in space and missile components were involved. The incident took place during a time when the U.S. missile shield projects in Eastern Europe and Eastern Asia, directed against Russia and China, were raising international tensions and alarms. On October 23, 2007, President Bush Jr. stated: "The need for missile defence in Europe is real and I believe it's urgent." [37]
Nuclear warfare, the militarization of space, and "the missile shield" are interrelated military processes. The overtones of Nuclear Primacy are hanging in the air. One of the goals of the U.S. military has been to effectively shield itself from a potential Russian or potential Russian and Chinese nuclear response to a nuclear "First Strike" from the U.S. military. [38] The militarization of space is also deeply linked to this military project. Like their advanced knowledge about the U.S. missile shield project, Russian and Chinese officials have got wind of these ambitions and are fully aware of what the U.S. intends to do.
Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya is an independent writer based in Ottawa specializing in Middle Eastern affairs. He is a Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG).
[1] Sarah Baxter, US hits panic button as air force 'loses' nuclear missiles, The Times (U.K.), October 21, 2007.
[2] The Nuclear Reactions Data Centres also estimated that the W80-1 stockpile included a total of 1,400 warheads remain in stockpile associated with the 900 ALCMs that are in storage with their warheads removed.
[3] Baxter, US hits panic button, Op. cit.
[4] John Andrew Prime, Barksdale bombers expand B-52 capabilities, The Sheveport Times, August 27, 2007.
[5] Baxter, US hits panic button, Op. cit.; Major-General Newton is also responsible for formulating policy supporting air, space, nuclear, counter-proliferation, homeland, weather, and cyber operations. Because of his role as one of the Air Forces' key flag officers in regards to nuclear issues and counter-proliferation he has been involved in war planning in regards to Iran, Israeli preparations for attacks on Syria, and the 2006 Israeli war against Lebanon.
[6] Robert Stormer, Nuke transportation story has explosive implications, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Octobers 8, 2007.
[7] Ibid.; To help ensure adequate shipboard security, TLAM-N is protected by an intrusion detection alarm system that indicates an intrusion, both visually and audibly, at a continuously manned station capable of dispatching a security team.
[8] Ibid.
[9] Ibid.
[10] Ibid.
[11] Michael Hoffman, B-52 mistakenly flies with nukes aboard, Military Times, September 10, 2007; Associated Press sources also made the same report. Military Times simply changed their article and AP withdrew its report on the basis of a factual error.
[12] Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defence (DoD), Year 2000 Status of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Nuclear Weapon Information Tracking Systems, Report No. 99-235 (August 19, 1999).
[13] Michael Hoffman, Commander disciplined for nuclear mistake, Militarty Times, September 7, 2007.
[14] Minot Airman dies while on leave, Minot Air Force Base Public Affairs, September 12, 2007.
[15] Body of missing Air Force captain found, Associated Press, September 10, 2007
[16] Kimberly Wilson, Portland police seek Air Force weatherman missing on trip, The Oregonian, September 5, 2007.
[17] U.S. Air Force operatives that are tasked with recovery and medical treatment of personnel in war environments, as well as handling astronauts returning from space. They are the only members of the U.S. military that are specially trained and equipped to conduct personnel recovery operations in hostile or denied areas as a primary mission.
[18] Victims in Saturday motorcycle accident identified, The Sheveport Times, September 16, 2007; Notice of Active Duty Death, The Bombardier, September 21, 2007, p.1.
[19] John Andrew Prime, Caddo deputies work double fatality accident, The Sheveport Times, September 15, 2007.
[20] Minot Airman dies in motorcycle accident, Minot Air Force Base Public Affairs,
[21] Minot Airman identified, Minot Air Force Base Public Affairs, July 5, 2007.
[22] Authorities identify Minot airman killed in crash, Associated Press, July 5, 2007.
[23] Baxter, US hits panic button, Op. cit.
[24] Air Force official found dead, The Tribune-Democrat, October 16, 2007; Ginger Thompson and Eric Schmitt, Top Air Force Official Dies in Apparent Suicide, The New York Times, .
[25] Robert O'Harrow Jr., Air Force Arranged No-Work Contract: Experts Question Official's Deal With Nonprofit, The Washington Post, October 1, 2007, p.A01.
[27] Top US Air Force official 'suicided' [sic] as Iran war nears, Pravda, October 16, 2007.
[28] Yvonne Shinhoster Lamb, Obituaries: Russell E. Dougherty, The Washington Post, October 13, 2007, p.B06.
[29] General Dougherty, former SAC commander, dies, The Bombardier, September 21, 2007, p.9.
[30] Deb Reichmann, Bush Raises Money for Kansas Senator, Associated Press, June 15, 2007.
[31] Warbirds meet commander and chief, Minot Air Force Base Public Affairs, June 22, 2007.
[32] Staff Sergeant Trevor Tiernan, CSAF visits Minot, Minot Air Force Base Public Affairs, March 16, 2007.
[33] Infra. n.38.
[34] Mahdi Darius Nazemroaya, Vigilant Shield 2008: Terrorism, Air Defences, and the Domestic Deployment of the US Military, Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG), October 6, 2007; Michel Chossoduvsky, Dangerous Crossroads: US Sponsored War Games, Centre for Research on Globalization(CRG), October 6, 2007; The March to War: NATO Preparing for War with Serbia? Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG), October 19, 2007.
[35] Michel Chossudovsky, New Cold War: Simultaneously, Russia and America Conduct Major War Games, Centre for Research on Globalization, October 16, 2007.
[36] Both the U.S. and Israeli governments cite the arrival of a North Korean ship with alleged nuclear-related cargo as proof, but one needs only point out one fact to dislodge this claim. The U.S. government has setup an internationally illegal program involved in policing the seas and maritime traffic, the International Proliferation Initiative (IPI). Under the IPI the U.S. has been illegally stopping North Korean vessels and inspecting them, especially when they have suspected suspicious materials. Hereto, North Korea has not been given any carte blanches from vessel inspections. The U.S. Navy and NATO vessels have a virtual cordon of the waterways around the Middle East from the Indian Ocean to the Read Sea and Mediterranean Sea. If the North Korean vessel had nuclear materials it would never have reached Syria.
[37] Missile shield is 'urgent' – Bush, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), October 23, 2007.
The U.S. is well in the process of implementing the recommendations of the Project for the New American Century (PNAC); "[The United States must] develop and deploy missile defences to defend the American homeland and American allies, and to provide a secure basis for U.S. power projection around the world," and "Control the new 'international commons' of space and cyberspace and pave the way for the creation of a new military service — U.S. Space Forces — with the mission of space control."
Thomas Donnelly et al., Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategy, Forces, and Resources For A New Century (The Project for the New American Century: September 2000), p.v.
[38] It is here that two things should be noted in regards to physics and magnetospheric physics; Firstly, nuclear explosions from the air are different than ground-based nuclear explosions in many ways (including contamination levels), but the weather and wind direction are major unknowns or variables; Secondly, as a fundamental natural law energy never disappears, it only changes or is transferred. The energy from nuclear explosions can theoretically be transferred into the Earth' magnetic radiation fields, called the Van Allen Belt or the Van Allen Belts, and used to energize and excite various particles, sub-atomic particles, and ions. Tentatively, if manipulated this can have harmful results on surface areas, including burning electronic and communication devices, and military applications such as disrupting satellites in space. If this were possible Russian, Chinese, Iranian, or Indian military defences, communications, and missile facilities could be effortlessly neutralized.
These radiation belts also travel in loops and notionally an energized pulse set off from an area in the U.S. could circumnavigate into an area halfway around the globe.
In fact the U.S. military has been experimenting with manipulating the radiation belts since the end of the Second World War. The U.S. Navy's Project Argus, taking place from August to September 1958, is an example. A total of five nuclear weapons were used; three atom bombs (weapons using nuclear fission) were detonated above the Atlantic Ocean and two thermonuclear or hydrogen bombs (weapons using nuclear fusion) in the Pacific Ocean in an effort to manipulate the Van Allen Belts.


text:
We produce quality, which can be bought at a reasonable price. Use the best raw materials from well-known manufacturers across EU including France, Germany and Italy. Each related material and product passes strict quality control before we deliver the finished product to you. Made in Europe.
Powered By OpenCart Asia Official Store © 2023