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Terms of Service
Effective November 2018
By accessing and browsing any 20/20 Vision Care website (including, without limitation, mobile websites) or using any mobile app on which these terms reside (collectively the "Platform"), you accept, without limitation or qualification, the terms, conditions, policies and notices contained on this page (the "Terms") including, but not limited to, conducting this transaction electronically, disclaimer of warranties, damage and remedy exclusions and limitations, binding arbitration, and a choice of Texas law.
20/20 Vision Care may, in its sole discretion, and at any time, discontinue this Platform or any part thereof, with or without notice, or may prevent your use of this Platform with or without notice to you. You agree that you do not have any rights in this Platform and that 20/20 Vision Care will have no liability to you if this Platform is discontinued or your ability to access the Platform or any content you may have posted on the Platform is terminated. Upon the termination of this agreement, you shall cease all use of the Platform. You further agree that 20/20 Vision Care will not be liable for any modification or suspension of the Platform.
Acceptance of Terms. 20/20 Vision Care ("20/20 Vision Care") provides you with access to, and use of, the Platform subject to all applicable laws and regulations and these Terms. If you do not accept each of the terms and conditions contained in these Terms without limitation, please do not use or download the Platform. These Terms supersede any other agreements you may have with 20/20 Vision Care regarding this subject matter.
Grant of License. The Platform, including the software (including, without limitation, software, code, files, images, contained in or generated by the software, accompanying data, Boot ROM code and other embedded software), Platform updates, documentation and any accompanying fonts, whether in read-only memory, on any other media or in any other form are licensed to you by 20/20 Vision Care subject to these Terms. Neither title nor any intellectual property rights are transferred to you, but rather remain with 20/20 Vision Care, who owns full and complete title, and 20/20 Vision Care reserves all rights not expressly granted to you. The rights granted herein are non-transferable, and are limited to 20/20 Vision Care's intellectual property rights in the Platform and do not include any other patents or intellectual property rights. You have permission to use the Platform on one device at a time. You may not make the Platform available over a network where it could be used on multiple devices at the same time. These Terms do not grant you any rights to use 20/20 Vision Care proprietary interfaces and other intellectual property in the design, development, manufacture, licensing or distribution of third-party devices and accessories for use with the Platform. These Terms do not entitle you to receive and does not obligate 20/20 Vision Care to provide hard-copy documentation, support, telephone assistance, or enhancements or updates to the Platform.
This Platform is operated on behalf of 20/20 Vision Care for your personal entertainment, information, education, and communication. Please feel free to browse the Platform. You may download material on the Platform only for personal, non-commercial use, and you must retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained in the materials. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you may not distribute, modify, copy (except as set forth above), transmit, display, reuse, reproduce, publish, license, re-post, create derivative works from, transfer, sell or otherwise use the Content (as defined below) of the Platform, including the text, images, audio, or video, for any purposes, without 20/20 Vision Care's prior written permission.
Change of Terms. 20/20 Vision Care may at any time revise these Terms by updating this posting and may also make changes to the content, links or functionality of the Platform at any time. You are bound by any revisions and should therefore periodically visit this page to review the Terms to which you are bound. All changes are effective immediately when posted, and apply to use of the Website thereafter.
Comments and Questions. For general product and promotions inquiries, please contact 20/20 Vision Care Consumer Relations:
By Mail:
By Phone:
Infringement Claims. 20/20 Vision Care investigates notices of alleged infringement and takes appropriate actions under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Title 17, United States Code, Section 512(c) ("DMCA"). 20/20 Vision Care's Designated Agent to receive notifications of claimed copyright infringement is:
By Mail:
20/20 Vision Care
Wills Point, TX
By Phone:
By Email:
Your notice of claimed infringement must include: (a) physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner of authorized agent; (b) identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed; (c) identification of the material that is claimed to be infringing and that is to be removed from the site, as well as information reasonably sufficient to permit us to locate the material; (d) information reasonably sufficient to permit us to contact the copyright owner, such as an address, telephone number, and, if available, an electronic mail address; (e) a statement that you have a good faith belief that use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or applicable law; and (f) a statement that the information in the notification is accurate, and under penalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the copyright owner. For more details on the information required for valid notification see 17 U.S.C. 512(c)(3). Under the DCMA, claimants who make misrepresentations concerning copyright infringement may be liable for damages incurred as a result of the removal or blocking of the material, court costs, and attorneys' fees.
Intellectual Property Ownership. The content or other materials on the Platform including, but not limited to, all text, audio, images and other materials or elements (collectively the "Content") are owned and copyrighted by 20/20 Vision Care and its licensors with all rights reserved. Assume that everything you see or read on the Platform is protected by copyright and owned by 20/20 Vision Care unless otherwise noted, and may not be used except as expressly provided in these Terms without 20/20 Vision Care's prior written permission. 20/20 Vision Care does not warrant or represent that your use of Content displayed on the Platform will not infringe the rights of third parties not owned by or affiliated with 20/20 Vision Care.
No Unauthorized Use of Images. Images of people or places displayed on the Platform are either the property of, or used with permission by, 20/20 Vision Care. The use of these images by you, or anyone else authorized by you, is prohibited unless specifically permitted by these Terms. Any unauthorized use of the images may violate copyright laws, trademark laws, the laws of privacy and publicity, and communications regulations and statutes.
Trademarks. The trademarks, logos, and service marks (collectively the "Trademarks") displayed on the Platform are registered and unregistered Trademarks used by 20/20 Vision Care, or other third parties. Nothing contained on the Platform should be construed as granting, by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license or right to use any Trademark displayed on the Platform without the written permission of 20/20 Vision Care or such third party that may own the Trademarks displayed on the Platform. Your use of the Trademarks or any other content on the Platform is strictly prohibited, except as specifically authorized in these Terms. You are advised that 20/20 Vision Care will aggressively enforce its intellectual property rights to the fullest extent of the law, including, when appropriate in its discretion, the seeking of criminal prosecution.
Representations, Disclaimer of Warranties, and Limitations of Liability. 20/20 Vision Care uses reasonable efforts to include accurate and up to date information in the Platform; however, 20/20 Vision Care makes no warranties or representations as to its accuracy. 20/20 Vision Care makes no representations about the reliability of the features of this Platform, the Content, User Content, or any other Platform feature, and disclaims all liability in the event of any service failure. You acknowledge that any reliance on such materials or systems will be at your own risk.
Your use of the Platform is at your own risk. 20/20 Vision Care assumes no liability or responsibility for any errors or omissions in the content of the Platform. Neither 20/20 Vision Care nor any other party involved in creating, producing, or delivering the Platform is liable for any direct, incidental, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages arising out of your access to or use of the Platform. Without limiting the foregoing, everything on the Platform is provided to you "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE," WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES, INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE, SHALL 20/20 Vision Care BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES THAT RESULT FROM THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PLATFORM, NOR SHALL 20/20 Vision Care BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER THAT RESULT FROM MISTAKES, OMISSIONS, INTERRUPTIONS, DELETION OF FILES, ERRORS, DEFECTS, DELAYS IN OPERATION OR TRANSMISSION, OR ANY FAILURE OF PERFORMANCE WHETHER OR NOT CAUSED BY EVENTS BEYOND 20/20 Vision Care'S REASONABLE CONTROL, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ACTS OF GOD, COMMUNICATIONS LINE FAILURE, THEFT, DESTRUCTION, OR UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO THIS PLATFORM'S RECORDS, PROGRAMS, OR SERVICES. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO A NEGLIGENT ACT, WILL 20/20 Vision Care OR ITS AFFILIATES OR AGENTS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGE OF ANY KIND THAT RESULTS FROM THE USE OF, OR THE INABILITY TO USE, THE PLATFORM, EVEN IF 20/20 Vision Care HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. For the avoidance of doubt, 20/20 Vision Care also assumes no responsibility, and shall not be liable for, any damages to, or viruses that may infect, your computer equipment or other property on account of your access to use of, or browsing in the Platform or your downloading of any materials, data, text, images, video, or audio from the Platform. The foregoing limitations on liability and any other limitations of liability set forth herein are not applicable to residents of New Jersey. With respect to residents of New Jersey, 20/20 Vision Care shall not be liable for any damages arising out of your access to or use of the Platform, unless such damages are the result of our negligent or reckless acts or omissions; provided, however, that we shall not be liable for consequential, indirect or punitive damages.
Please note that some jurisdictions may not allow the exclusion of implied warranties, so some of the above exclusions may not apply to you. Check your local laws for any restrictions or limitations regarding the exclusion of implied warranties.
Indemnification. BY ACCESSING THIS PLATFORM, REGISTERING WITH THIS PLATFORM AND/OR ACCEPTING ANY INFORMATION FROM THIS PLATFORM YOU AGREE TO INDEMNIFY, DEFEND AND HOLD 20/20 Vision Care AND ITS AFFILIATES HARMLESS FROM AND AGAINST ANY ACTUAL OR ALLEGED CLAIMS, DEMANDS, CAUSES OF ACTION, JUDGMENTS, DAMAGES, LOSSES, LIABILITIES, AND ALL COSTS AND EXPENSES OF DEFENSE (INCLUDING REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES AND COURT COSTS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO: (A) YOUR BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT; (B) YOUR VIOLATION OF ANY LOCAL, STATE, FEDERAL OR INTERNATIONAL LAW, RULE OR REGULATION; (C) A CLAIM BY A THIRD PARTY THAT IS BASED ON YOUR USE OF THE PLATFORM OR THE CONTENT;(D) INFORMATION OR MATERIAL POSTED OR TRANSMITTED THROUGH YOUR COMPUTER OR ACCOUNT, EVEN IF NOT SUBMITTED BY YOU; (E) ANY MISREPRESENTATION MADE BY YOU; (F) ANY DISPUTE BETWEEN YOU AND ANOTHER USER OF THE PLATFORM; (G) THE THEFT, MISAPPROPRIATION OR DISCLOSURE OF YOUR PASSWORD, UNLESS SUCH THEFT, MISAPPROPRIATION OR DISCLOSURE IS THE RESULT OF 20/20 Vision Care'S ACTIONS OR OMISSIONS; OR (H) YOUR AUTHORIZATION OF ANYONE ELSE TO USE YOUR PASSWORD. YOU WILL COOPERATE AS FULLY AND AS REASONABLY REQUIRED IN 20/20 Vision Care'S DEFENSE OF ANY CLAIM. 20/20 Vision Care RESERVES THE RIGHT, AT ITS OWN EXPENSE, TO ASSUME THE EXCLUSIVE DEFENSE AND CONTROL OF ANY MATTER OTHERWISE SUBJECT TO INDEMNIFICATION BY YOU, AND YOU SHALL NOT, IN ANY EVENT, SETTLE ANY MATTER WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF 20/20 Vision Care.
No Unsolicited Ideas. Please do not submit unsolicited ideas or suggestions to the Platform. Any communication or material you transmit to the Platform by electronic mail or otherwise, including any data, questions, comments, suggestions, or the like is, and will be treated as, non-confidential and non-proprietary. Subject to 20/20 Vision Care's privacy policy applicable to the Platform, anything you transmit or post may be used by 20/20 Vision Care or its affiliates for any purpose, including, but not limited to, reproduction, disclosure, transmission, publication, broadcast and posting. Furthermore, 20/20 Vision Care is free to use any ideas, concepts, know-how, or techniques contained in any communication you send to the Platform for any purpose whatsoever including, but not limited to, developing, manufacturing and marketing products using such information.
Links. 20/20 Vision Care has not reviewed all of the sites that may be linked to the Platform and is not responsible for the content of any off-site pages. Such links are provided for your convenience only, and are not express or implied warranties, endorsements or approvals by 20/20 Vision Care of any products, services, advice or information available from such sites. Viewing all other sites is at your own risk.
Postings. From time to time on certain areas of our Platform you may be able to submit written posts and certain other materials ("User Content"). 20/20 Vision Care is under no obligation to monitor any posting or transmission of User Content to or about the Platform and assumes no responsibility or liability arising from the content of any such posting or transmission nor for any error, defamation, libel, slander, omission, falsehood, obscenity, pornography, profanity, danger, or inaccuracy contained therein or related thereto. By using the Platform's features, you agree that you will not engage in any of the following activities on the Platform:
Uploading, posting or otherwise transmitting any unlawful, harassing, threatening, libelous, defamatory, harmful, tortious, obscene, scandalous, inflammatory, racist, pornographic, violent, profane or otherwise objectionable or inappropriate material (as determined by 20/20 Vision Care) or any material that could constitute or encourage conduct that would be considered a criminal offense, give rise to civil liability, or otherwise violate any law;
Uploading, posting, reproducing or distributing any information, software, or other materials protected by copyright or any other intellectual property right (as well as rights of publicity and privacy) without first obtaining the permission of the owner of such rights;
Collecting or storing personal data about other users;
Posting any User Content that contains personal information about any individual, or any other information that you are under a contractual obligation to keep private or confidential;
Using the Platform for any commercial purpose not expressly approved by 20/20 Vision Care in writing;
Impersonating any person or organization, including without limitation, the personnel of 20/20 Vision Care, or misrepresent an affiliation with another person or organization;
Uploading, posting, emailing, or otherwise transmitting any advertising or promotional materials or any other form of solicitation or unauthorized communication;
Uploading, posting, emailing, or otherwise transmitting any material that contains viruses, corrupted files, or any other computer code, files, or programs which might interrupt, limit, or interfere with the functionality of any computer software or hardware or telecommunications equipment, or otherwise adversely affect the operation of the Platform or a feature of the Platform.
20/20 Vision Care does not endorse, verify, evaluate or guarantee any information provided by users and nothing shall be considered as an endorsement, verification or guarantee of any User Content. You shall not create or distribute information, including but not limited to advertisements, press releases or other marketing materials, or include links to any sites which contain or suggest an endorsement by 20/20 Vision Care without the prior review and written approval of 20/20 Vision Care.
20/20 Vision Care will fully cooperate with any law enforcement authorities or court order requesting or directing 20/20 Vision Care to disclose the identity of anyone posting any such information or materials.
You further understand and agree that you have no ownership rights to any account you may have with us or other access to the Platform or features therein. 20/20 Vision Care may cancel your account and delete all User Content associated with your account at any time, and without notice, if 20/20 Vision Care deems that you have violated these Terms, the law, or for any other reason. 20/20 Vision Care assumes no liability for any information removed from our Platform, and reserves the right to permanently restrict access to the Platform or a user account.
By displaying, publishing, or otherwise posting any User Content on or through the Platform, you hereby grant to 20/20 Vision Care a non-exclusive, sub-licensable, worldwide, fully-paid, royalty free license to use, modify, publicly perform, publicly display, reproduce, and distribute such User Content in any and all media now known or hereinafter developed without the requirement to make payment to you or to any third party or the need to seek any third party permission. This license includes the right to host, index, cache, distribute, and tag any User Content, as well as the right to sublicense User Content to third parties, including other users, for use on other media or platforms known or hereinafter developed. You continue to retain all ownership rights in your User Content, and you continue to have the right to use your User Content in any way you choose, subject to these Terms and the license described herein. You represent and warrant that you own the content submitted, displayed, published or posted by you on the Platform and otherwise have the right to grant the license set forth herein, and the displaying, publishing or posting of any content you submit, and our use thereof does not and will not violate the privacy rights, publicity rights, copyrights, trademark rights, patents, contract rights or any other intellectual property rights or other rights of any person or entity.
Location Based Services. This Platform may use location-based services to locate you. If you choose to use the location-based services portion of this Platform, you consent to 20/20 Vision Care and/or its third party provider accessing your approximate or exact location. You also grant 20/20 Vision Care permission to use this information to improve its products or to provide services or technologies to you, as well as to provide advertising content in which 20/20 Vision Care believes you may be interested, including working with third parties who provide targeted advertising content. For more information, please see the 20/20 Vision Care Ads and Tracking disclosure at http://www./about-us/ads-and-tracking.html .
App Platform Users. You are solely responsible for obtaining any additional subscription or connectivity services or equipment necessary to access the Platform, including but not limited to payment of all third party fees associated therewith, including fees for information sent to or through the Platform. 20/20 Vision Care may, at its discretion, automatically download Platform updates to your device from time to time. You agree to accept these Platform updates, and to pay for any costs associated with receiving them. The Platform may not work with all devices or all mobile carriers. 20/20 Vision Care makes no representations that the Platform will be compatible with or provided by all mobile carriers. In the event that fees are charged for the Platform, or other third party service providers charge a fee for the products or services they provide, you agree to pay such fee to the respective party in exchange for your continued use of such products or services. Some services may be subject to different or additional terms (including fees), which you will be required to agree to prior to your use of such services.
Users of the Apple Platform. If you download and use our iPhone or iPad App: You, the end-user of this Platform, acknowledge that this agreement is entered into by and between 20/20 Vision Care and you and not with Apple, Inc., and Apple, Inc. is not responsible for the Platform and/or its content. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you acknowledge that Apple, Inc. and its subsidiaries are third-party beneficiaries of this agreement and that Apple, Inc. has the right (and is deemed to have accepted the right) to enforce this agreement. You acknowledge that Apple, Inc. has no obligation whatsoever to maintain or support the Platform. You acknowledge that you have reviewed the App Store Terms and Conditions (located online at http://www.apple.com/legal/itunes/us/terms.html#APPS). This agreement incorporates by reference the Licensed Application End User License Agreement (the "LAEULA") published by Apple, Inc. (located online at: http://www.apple.com/legal/itunes/appstore/dev/stdeula/). For purposes of this Agreement, the Platform is considered the "Licensed Application" as defined in the LAEULA and 20/20 Vision Care is considered the "Application Provider" as defined in the LAEULA. If any terms of this Agreement conflict with the terms of the LAEULA, the terms of this agreement shall control. You further acknowledge and agree that in no event will Apple, Inc. be responsible for any claims relating to the Platform (including, without limitation, a third party claim that the Platform infringes that third party's intellectual property rights) or your use or possession of the Platform, including but not limited to: (i) product liability claims; (ii) any claim that the Platform fails to conform to any applicable legal or regulatory requirement; and (iii) claims arising under consumer protection or similar legislation.
Assignment. 20/20 Vision Care may assign this agreement, in whole or in part, at any time with or without notice to you. You may not assign this contract, or any part of it, to any other person. Any attempt by you to do so is void. You may not transfer to anyone else, either temporarily or permanently, any rights to use all or any part of the Platform. To the extent that you allow a third party to use your device, you shall remain solely responsible for the use of the Platform by others using the device.
Binding Arbitration. You agree that any controversy or claim arising out of or relating to the Platform, use of the Platform, or these Terms shall be settled by binding arbitration in a location determined by the arbitrator as set forth herein (provided that such location is reasonably convenient for you), or at such other location as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties, in accordance with the applicable procedural rules set forth in the then prevailing Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures of JAMS ("JAMS Rules and Procedures"), and judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrator(s) may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. The JAMS Rules and Procedures are available at www.jamsadr.com or by calling (800) 352-5267. The arbitrator shall be selected pursuant to the JAMS Rules and Procedures. Alternatively, you may assert your claims in small claims court in accordance with the terms of this Agreement if your claims qualify and so long as the matter remains in such court and advances only on an individual (non-class, non-representative) basis. The arbitrator shall apply New York law consistent with the Federal Arbitration Act and applicable statutes of limitations, and shall honor claims of privilege recognized at law. If you initiate arbitration against 20/20 Vision Care, you will not be responsible for professional fees for the arbitrator's services or any other JAMS fees. In the event that the claimant is able to demonstrate that the costs of arbitration will be cost-prohibitive or greater than the costs of litigation, 20/20 Vision Care will pay as much of the claimant's filing and hearing fees in connection with the arbitration as the arbitrator deems necessary to prevent the arbitration from being cost-prohibitive or more expensive than the cost of litigation. If any part of this arbitration provision is deemed to be invalid, unenforceable or illegal (other than that claims will not be arbitrated on a class or representative basis), or otherwise conflicts with the rules and procedures established by JAMS, then the balance of this arbitration provision shall remain in effect and shall be construed in accordance with its terms as if the invalid, unenforceable, illegal or conflicting provision were not contained herein. If, however, the portion that is deemed invalid, unenforceable or illegal is that claims will not be arbitrated on a class or representative basis, then the entirety of this arbitration provision shall be null and void, and neither claimant nor 20/20 Vision Care shall be entitled to arbitrate their dispute. THE ARBITRATION OF DISPUTES PURSUANT TO THIS PARAGRAPH SHALL BE IN YOUR INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY, AND NOT AS A PLAINTIFF OR CLASS MEMBER IN ANY PURPORTED CLASS OR REPRESENTATIVE PROCEEDING. THE ARBITRATOR MAY NOT CONSOLIDATE OR JOIN THE CLAIMS OF OTHER PERSONS OR PARTIES WHO MAY BE SIMILARLY SITUATED.
General Information. Both you and 20/20 Vision Care acknowledge and agree that no partnership is formed and neither of you nor 20/20 Vision Care has the power or the authority to obligate or bind the other.
By using the Platform, you agree that the statutes and laws of the United States and the State of New York without regard to conflicts of laws principles, will apply to all matters relating to use of the Platform, and you agree that with respect to any dispute not subject to binding arbitration any litigation shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state or federal courts for New York, New York, USA. You agree that regardless of any statute or law to the contrary, any claim or cause of action arising out of or related to use of the Platform or this agreement must be filed within one (1) year after such claim or cause of action arose or be forever barred. The foregoing limitation is not applicable to residents of New Jersey. You further agree that any disputes, claims and causes of action arising out of or connected with the Platform and/or this agreement, will be resolved individually, without resort to any form of class action. The foregoing waiver does apply to residents of New Jersey.
On certain areas of our Platform, you may be given the ability to provide us with personally identifiable information. Please read our 20/20 Vision Care Privacy Policy at http://www./about-us/privacy-policy.html for more information about our information collection and use practices.
The failure of 20/20 Vision Care to comply with these Terms because of an act of God, war, fire, riot, terrorism, earthquake, actions of federal, state or local governmental authorities or for any other reason beyond the reasonable control of 20/20 Vision Care, shall not be deemed a breach of these Terms. If 20/20 Vision Care fails to act with respect to your breach or anyone else's breach on any occasion, 20/20 Vision Care is not waiving its right to act with respect to future or similar breaches.
If any provision of these Terms shall be unlawful, void or for any reason unenforceable, then that provision shall be deemed severable from these terms of use and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of any remaining provisions.
These Terms constitute a binding agreement between you and 20/20 Vision Care, and are accepted by you upon your use of the Platform. These Terms constitute the entire agreement between you and 20/20 Vision Care regarding the use of the Platform. By using the Platform, you represent that you are capable of entering into a binding agreement, and that you agree to be bound by these Terms.
All ™ and ® are trademarks of their respective owners. © 20/20 Vision Care, 2008 through 2018.
20/20 Vision Care
140 W James St,
Wills Point, TX 75169


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Brain mapping
Brain mapping is a set of neuroscience techniques predicated on the mapping of (biological) quantities or properties onto spatial representations of the (human or non-human) brain resulting in maps. All neuroimaging can be considered part of brain mapping. Brain mapping can be conceived as a higher form of neuroimaging, producing brain images supplemented by the result of additional (imaging or non-imaging) data processing or analysis, such as maps projecting (measures of) behaviour onto brain regions (see fMRI). Brain Mapping techniques are constantly evolving, and rely on the development and refinement of image acquisition, representation, analysis, visualization and interpretation techniques. Functional and structural neuroimaging are at the core of the mapping aspect of Brain Mapping.
In the late 1980s in the United States, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Science was commissioned to establish a panel to investigate the value of integrating neuroscientific information across a variety of techniques.[1] Of specific interest is using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET) and other non-invasive scanning techniques to map anatomy, physiology, perfusion, function and phenotypes of the human brain. Both healthy and diseased brains may be mapped to study memory, learning, aging, and drug effects in various populations such as people with schizophrenia, autism, and clinical depression. This led to the establishment of the Human Brain Project.[2] Following a series of meetings, the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) evolved.[3] The ultimate goal is to develop flexible computational brain atlases.
Current atlas tools
- Talairach Atlas, 1988
- Harvard Whole Brain Atlas, 1995[4]
- MNI Template, 1998 (the standard template of SPM and International Consortium for Brain Mapping)
See also
- BrainMapping.ORG project
- BrainMaps Project
- Human Brain Mapping
- Neuroimaging software
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging at UCLA
- FreeSurfer
- Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
National Centers for Biomedical Computing (NCBC)
- Center for Computational Biology
- National Center for Multi-Scale Study of Cellular Networks
- National Center for Biomedical Ontology
- Physics-based Simulation of Biological Structures
- National Alliance for Medical Imaging Computing
- Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside
- National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phrenology.
- Readings in Phrenology, selections from texts by Johan Gaspar Spurzheim and George Combe.
- Chart of the Phrenological Organs of the Brain

subset: commoncrawl


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The e-cigarette market is blowing up. Invented in 2003, today, there over 500 e-cig brands in the market and global sales topped 7 billion dollars in 2015. Amid this boom, there is an ongoing debate on the health ramifications of using e-cigs and what the list of the best electronic cigarette options is. While both sides of the divide argue for and against the use of e-cigs, there are a few things they all agree to, as outlined below.
Anyone can use an e-cig
Most e-cigs are marketed as an aid to quitting smoking cigarettes. The reality, however, is that anyone can use e-cigs in a safe manner. The thinking behind this marketing is that most people who use the devices are trying to quit smoking.
As a result, this data skews the overall numbers of vapers and leads to the assumption that it is only appropriate for smokers trying to quit. Whether you are a smoker or non-smoker, e-cigs represent a safe and less addictive alternative to smoking cigarettes.
On the other hand, often times, curing an addiction can be extremely difficult. Replacing a bad habit with a healthier one then becomes a good alternative. Vaping offers such a possibility where because it's healthier than smoking, it can offer a good alternative hobby for those looking to distract themselves.
E-cigs are not vetted by the FDA
All e-cig manufacturers are required to state that the devices are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration authority. While not explicitly compelled by law, they disclose this to ensure users are aware.
What this means for those seeking to use e-cigs is that using products from just any manufacturer can carry some hazards. As there are no standards governing their manufacture, it is advisable to always seek out reputable brands that have consistently good reviews and high-quality standards.
Working with brands that have already been in the market, have proven themselves to their client base and have good reviews is one of the few ways to vet a brand. This means, stay away from brands that offer little information about the way their products work and stick to what is popular.
Product quality varies
Following on the lack of FDA regulation or any other industry standards, there are no best practice benchmarks when it comes to e-cigs. Most manufacturers will develop their products based on what they feel the market requires. From a quality perspective, this means what goes into the vaping liquid, the design of the vaping device and other factors will differ.
This can have a significant bearing on a user's health if the quality of the product they are using is substandard. As such, users should always try and stick with reputable brands with widespread use and acceptance. Once again, we emphasize staying away from lesser known brands, focusing on reputable ones and properly researching which brands are the best.
E-cigs have less toxic compounds
One of the major things that bedevil the cigarette industry is the toxic chemicals included in cigarettes that have been linked to lung cancer and other serious health conditions. In contrast, e-cigs tend to have few to none of these toxic compounds.
In general, most e-cigs have an e-liquid that contains nicotine, glycerin, propylene glycol and flavorings. To date, there is little evidence linking e-cigs to dangerous side effects. However, it should be noted that there have not been any large-scale studies conducted so it is still too early to completely rule out any negative effects.
E-cigs can also be addictive
While many smokers turn to e-cigs to help them quit smoking, nicotine-based e-cigs also carry the potential of causing addiction if overused. Like anything that is fun, low-cost, and virtually harmless, it's easy to turn vaping from a hobby to an obsession.
For non smokers however, it can be slightly more troublesome. Due to the lack of prior smoking history, such users will tend to overdo it without considering the addictive nature of nicotine as a psychoactive agent. It's like if chocolate didn't have any negative side-effects – everyone would be eating it all the time!
If considering using e-cigs, exercise caution when using the devices to ensure an addiction does not form from the habit.


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Mar 31, 2009
an afternoon at renilde's
her place is always so inspiring. she made the collage and the mobile and the cut-out. she's the one who's making pillows for our shop and she has some nice new things! will show a preview tomorrow!
op 22:53 9 comments:
Labels: apartments, renilde
Mar 30, 2009
easter window
we made the easter window today. it was so nice to do!
see more photos here.
op 18:38 9 comments:
Mar 28, 2009
sarah illenberger
this is really nice. check her site. found through the nice blog fridas fina.
op 10:11 5 comments:
Mar 27, 2009
a is for rhinoceros
we have some new books in the shop. 3 from harriet russell. this is our favorite!
Labels: books, mieke willems, shop
Mar 26, 2009
op 11:25 2 comments:
Labels: mieke willems, shop, things
albert + aeroplane
both hangers. both new in the shop! favorite items already!
we also have some new pinocchio/buratino pins. see them here!
Mar 25, 2009
faces made with tape from our children's gorilla on our do-it-yourself calendar. both from the shop!
op 19:06 3 comments:
Mar 24, 2009
Labels: mieke willems, shop, things
tal r
a nice drawing book from a great artist.
Mar 23, 2009
we have a new friend in the shop!
op 11:36 5 comments:
Mar 21, 2009
good but bad
these cookies looked so good we bought them. pity they tasted really bad! couldn't even finish one! (the textiles in the photos are from the shop!)
op 10:10 7 comments:
Labels: food
Mar 19, 2009
Mar 18, 2009
things we both have (17)
Labels: things we both have
Mar 17, 2009
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Brian Thomas Swimme is a professor at the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco. He received his Ph.D. from the Department of Mathematics at the University of Oregon in 1978 for work in gravitational dynamics. He brings the context of story to our understanding of the 13.7 billion year trajectory of cosmogenesis. Such a story, he feels, will assist in the emergence of a flourishing Earth community.
Swimme is the author of The Hidden Heart of the Cosmos and The Universe is a Green Dragon. He is co-author of The Universe Story, which is the result of a 10 year collaboration with the cultural historian, Thomas Berry. Swimme is also the creator of three educational video series: Canticle to the Cosmos (1990), Earth's Imagination (1998), and The Powers of the Universe (2006).
He lectures widely and has presented at conferences sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, The World Bank, UNESCO, The United Nations Millennium Peace Summit, and the American Museum of Natural History.
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Statement by Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary General and UNEP Executive Director
2011 is the International Year of Forests (IYF) and celebrations will officially be launched today during the 9th Session of the United Nations Forum on Forests in New York.
This Year, which comes in the wake of the International Year of Biodiversity, represents an opportunity for evolving our work on sustainable forestry to a higher plain.
Forests are an issue with essential links to livelihoods, addressing climate change and other environmental challenges; the UN's Millennium Development Goals and sustainable development as a whole.
This is in part why forests are a key sector within UNEP's Green Economy work - a landmark report which will be launched at the upcoming Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum (GC/GMEF) - as we work to strengthen all three pillars of sustainable development on the Road to Rio+20 taking place in May next year.
Forests represent many things to many people including spiritual, aesthetic and cultural dimensions that are, in many ways, priceless. But they are also cornerstones of our economies, whose real value has all too often been invisible in national accounts of profit and loss.
This mismatch between reality and perception emerged with full force in The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) work.
It estimates that deforestation and forest degradation are likely costing the global economy between US$2.5 and US$4.5 trillion a year, more than the losses of the recent and ongoing financial crisis.
If one further considers the loss of ecosystem services - from water supplies to soil stabilization and from carbon sequestration to recycling of nutrients for agriculture - then perhaps the imperative to better manage these natural or nature-based assets becomes clearer.
This is given further urgency from the TEEB work which indicates that in some countries close to 90 per cent of the 'GDP of the poor' is linked to nature and forests in particular.
In Kenya, UNEP has been applying TEEB-based analysis to assist the government and donors towards catalysing the restoration and rehabilitation of the Mau forest complex.
These assessments indicate that the Mau may be worth up to US$1.5 billion a year to the Kenyan economy in terms of river flows for hydro, agriculture, tourism sites and drinking water alongside moisture for the tea industry and facilitating carbon sequestration.
Rehabilitating and restoring lost forest ecosystems is now a key pillar of UNEP's work in Haiti as part of the UN's wider strategy to reduce vulnerability, eradicate poverty and deliver a sustainable future for the Haitian people.
UNEP's involvement in forests and forest ecosystems dates back many years and includes some 100 forest projects in the last decade.
But over recent years, this involvement has gained ever broader and deeper traction in part as a result of TEEB, and in part as a contribution to combat climate change.
With the UN Development Programme and the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization, UNEP is assisting at least a dozen countries to participate in the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation under the UN-REDD or REDD+ programme.
Accelerating this work to meet the expectations of countries and supporters involved, such as the Government of Norway, will be a cornerstone of UNEP's work in 2011 in advance and beyond the UN climate convention meeting in South Africa.
2011 is a special year both for forests and our sustainable forestry work including a new strategic direction.
The full details of this direction will be launched over the next few months in the run-up to World Environment Day on 5 June where there will be a central focus on the Green Economy and forests.
This will also form part of UNEP's public awareness and outreach work that in turn can contribute to a successful International Year.
In advance of this, UNEP will be launching a new forest-focused coffee table book in collaboration with such famous photographers as Yann Arthus-Bertrand; a special media pack and a new website on forests at www.unep.org/forests
The Sasakawa prize, which will be awarded during the GC/GMEF this month, will also carry a forest theme and I would encourage those that can to join the celebrations.
I would urge all staff and their families and friends-through their work or through their communities-to get involved starting with appending the International Year of Forests logo onto your e-mail signature and by planting a tree at home, at work or at school under initiatives such as the UNEP Billion Tree Campaign whose patrons are Wangari Maathai and Prince Albert of Monaco.
The logo can be downloaded at www.unep.org/downloads/IYF/iyf-logo.zip and at www.un.org/en/events/iyof2011. Getting involved in the Billion Tree Campaign is just a click away at: www.unep.org/billiontreecampaign
Let us spread the word to the wider world of the importance of these ecosystems to our lives and livelihoods and of course through acting - being part of 'Celebrating Forests for People' - in 2011.
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|Nicaragua Table of Contents
Somoza García controlled political power, directly as president or indirectly through carefully chosen puppet presidents, from 1936 until his assassination in 1956. A cynical and opportunistic individual, Somoza García ruled Nicaragua with a strong arm, deriving his power from three main sources: the ownership or control of large portions of the Nicaraguan economy, the military support of the National Guard, and his acceptance and support from the United States. His excellent command of the English language and understanding of United States culture, combined with a charming personality and considerable political talent and resourcefulness, helped Somoza García win many powerful allies in the United States. Through large investments in land, manufacturing, transport, and real estate, he enriched himself and his close friends.
After Somoza García won in the December 1936 presidential elections, he diligently proceeded to consolidate his power within the National Guard, while at the same time dividing his political opponents. Family members and close associates were given key positions within the government and the military. The Somoza family also controlled the PLN, which in turn controlled the legislature and judicial system, thus giving Somoza García absolute power over every sphere of Nicaraguan politics. Nominal political opposition was allowed as long as it did not threaten the ruling elite. Somoza García's National Guard repressed serious political opposition and antigovernment demonstrations. The institutional power of the National Guard grew in most government-owned enterprises, until eventually it controlled the national radio and telegraph networks, the postal and immigration services, health services, the internal revenue service, and the national railroads. In less than two years after his election, Somoza García, defying the Conservative Party, declared his intention to stay in power beyond his presidential term. Thus, in 1938 Somoza García named a Constituent Assembly that gave the president extensive power and elected him for another eight-year term.
Somoza García's opportunistic support of the Allies during World War II benefited Nicaragua by injecting desperately needed United States funds into the economy and increasing military capabilities. Nicaragua received relatively large amounts of military aid and enthusiastically integrated its economy into the wartime hemispheric economic plan, providing raw materials in support of the Allied war effort. Exports of timber, gold, and cotton soared. However, because more than 90 percent of all exports went to the United States, the growth in trade also increased the country's economic and political dependence.
Somoza García built an immense fortune for himself and his family during the 1940s through substantial investments in agricultural exports, especially in coffee and cattle. The government confiscated German properties and then sold them to Somoza García and his family at ridiculously low prices. Among his many industrial enterprises, Somoza García owned textile companies, sugar mills, rum distilleries, the merchant marine lines, the national Nicaraguan Airlines (Líneas Aéreas de Nicaragua--Lanica), and La Salud dairy--the country's only pasteurized milk facility. Somoza García also gained large profits from economic concessions to national and foreign companies, bribes, and illegal exports. By the end of World War II, Somoza García had amassed one of the largest fortunes in the region--an estimated US$60 million.
After World War II, however, widespread domestic and international opposition to the Somoza García dictatorship grew among political parties, labor, business groups, and the United States government. Somoza García's decision to run for reelection in 1944 was opposed by some liberals, who established the Independent Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Independiente--PLI). Somoza García's reelection was also opposed by the United States government. The dictator reacted to growing criticism by creating a puppet government to save his rule. He decided not to run for reelection and had the PLN nominate the elderly Leonardo Argüello, believing he could control Argüello from behind the scenes. Argüello ran against Enoc Aguado, a candidate supported by a coalition of political parties that included the conservatives and the PLI. Despite the large support for the Aguado candidacy, Somoza García subverted the electoral process by using government resources and the National Guard to ensure the electoral victory of his candidate. Argüello was sworn in on May 1, 1947, and Somoza García remained as chief director of the National Guard.
Argüello had no intention of being a puppet, however, and in less than a month, when Argüello's measures began to challenge Somoza García's power, the National Guard chief staged a coup and placed a family associate, Benjamín Lacayo Sacasa, in the presidency. The administration of United States president Harry S. Truman responded by withholding diplomatic recognitions from the new Nicaraguan government. In an effort to legitimize the new regime and win United States support, Somoza García named a Constituent Assembly to write a new constitution. The assembly then appointed Somoza García's uncle, Víctor Román Reyes, as president. The constitution of 1947 was carefully crafted with strong anticommunist rhetoric to win United States support. Despite efforts by Somoza García's to placate the United States, the United States continued its opposition and refused to recognize the new regime. Under diplomatic pressure from the rest of Latin America, formal diplomatic relations between Managua and Washington were restored in mid-1948.
Despite its anticommunist rhetoric, the government promoted liberal labor policies to gain support from the communist party of Nicaragua, known as the Nicaraguan Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Nicaragüese--PSN) and thwarted the establishment of any independent labor movement. The government approved several progressive laws in 1945 to win government support from labor unions. Concessions and bribes were granted to labor leaders, and antigovernment union leaders were displaced in favor of Somoza García loyalists. However, after placement of pro-Somoza García leaders in labor unions, most labor legislation was ignored. In 1950 Somoza García signed an agreement with conservative general Emiliano Chamorro Vargas that assured the Conservative Party of one-third of the congressional delegates as well as limited representation in the cabinet and in the courts. Somoza García also promised clauses in the new 1950 constitution guaranteeing "commercial liberty." This measure brought back limited support from the traditional elite to the Somoza García regime. The elite benefited from the economic growth of the 1950s and 1960s, especially in the cotton and cattle export sectors. Somoza García again was elected president in general elections held in 1950. In 1955 Congress amended the constitution to allow his reelection for yet another presidential term.
Somoza García had many political enemies, and coups against him were attempted periodically, even within the National Guard. For protection, he constructed a secure compound within his residence and kept personal bodyguards, independent of the National Guard, with him wherever he went. Nevertheless, on September 21, 1956, while attending a PLN party in León to celebrate his nomination for the presidency, Somoza García was fatally wounded, by Rigoberto López Pérez, a twenty-seven-year- old Nicaraguan poet, who had managed to pass through Somoza García's security. The dictator was flown to the Panama Canal Zone, where he died eight days later.
Somoza García was succeeded as president by his eldest son Luis Somoza Debayle. A United States-trained engineer, Luis Somoza Debayle was first elected as a PLN delegate in 1950 and by 1956 presided over the Nicaraguan Congress. After his father's death, he assumed the position of interim president, as prescribed in the constitution. His brother Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza Debayle, a West Point graduate, took over leadership of the National Guard. A major political repression campaign followed Somoza García's assassination: many political opponents were tortured and imprisoned by guards under orders from Anastasio Somoza Debayle and the government imposed press censorship and suspended many civil liberties. When the Conservative Party refused to participate in the 1957 elections--in protest of the lack of freedom imposed by the regime--the Somoza brothers created a puppet opposition party, the National Conservative Party (Partido Conservador Nacional-- PCN), to give a democratic facade to the political campaign. Luis Somoza Debayle won the presidency in 1957 with little opposition. During his six-year term, from 1957 to 1963, his government provided citizens with some freedoms and raised hopes for political liberalization. In an effort to open up the government, Luis Somoza Debayle restored the constitutional ban on reelection.
In 1960 Nicaragua joined El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras (Costa Rica joined later) in the establishment of the Central American Common Market (CACM--see Appendix B). The main objective of the regional economic group was to promote trade among member countries. Under this partnership, trade and manufacturing increased, greatly stimulating economic growth. Furthermore, in the international political sphere, Luis Somoza Debayle's anticommunist stance won government favor and support from the United States. In 1959 Nicaragua was among the first nations to condemn the Cuban Revolution and to accuse Fidel Castro Ruz of attempting to overthrow the Nicaraguan government. The Luis Somoza Debayle government played a leading role in the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961, allowing the Cuban exile brigade to use military bases on the Caribbean coast to launch the failed maneuver.
Trusted friends of the Somoza family held the presidency from 1963 until 1967. In 1963 René Schick Gutiérrez won the presidential election; Somoza García's younger son, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, continued as chief director of the National Guard. Shick gave the appearance of following the less repressive programs of Luis Somoza Debayle. President Schick died in 1966 and was succeeded by Lorenzo Guerrero Gutiérrez.
When poor health prevented Luis Somoza Debayle from being a candidate, his brother Anastasio ran in the 1967 presidential election. To challenge the candidacy of Anastasio Somoza Debayle, the conservatives, the PLI, and the Christian Social Party (Partido Social Cristiano-PSC) created the National Opposition Union (Unión Nacional Opositora-UNO). The UNO nominated Fernando Agüero as their candidate. In February 1967, Anastasio Somoza Debayle was elected president amidst a repressive campaign against opposition supporters of Agüero. Two months later, Anastasio's brother Luis died of a heart attack. With his election, Anastasio Somoza Debayle became president as well as the director of the National Guard, giving him absolute political and military control over Nicaragua. Corruption and the use of force intensified, accelerating opposition from populist and business groups.
Although his four-year term was to end in 1971, Anastasio Somoza Debayle amended the constitution to stay in power until 1972. Increasing pressures from the opposition and his own party, however, led the dictator to negotiate a political agreement, known as the Kupia-Kumi Pact, which installed a three-member junta that would rule from 1972 until 1974. The junta was established in May 1972 amidst opposition led by Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal and his newspaper La Prensa. Popular discontent also grew in response to deteriorating social conditions. Illiteracy, malnourishment, inadequate health services, and lack of proper housing also ignited criticism from the Roman Catholic Church, led by Archbishop Miguel Obando y Bravo. The archbishop began to publish a series of pastoral letters critical of Anastasio Somoza Debayle's government.
On December 23, 1972, a powerful earthquake shook Nicaragua, destroying most of the capital city. The earthquake left approximately 10,000 dead and some 50,000 families homeless, and destroyed 80 percent of Managua's commercial buildings. Immediately after the earthquake, the National Guard joined the widespread looting of most of the remaining business establishments in Managua. When reconstruction began, the government's illegal appropriation and mismanagement of international relief aid, directed by the Somoza family and members of the National Guard, shocked the international community and produced further unrest in Nicaragua. The president's ability to take advantage of the people's suffering proved enormous. By some estimates, his personal wealth soared to US$400 million in 1974. As a result of his greed, Anastasio Somoza Debayle's support base within the business sector began to crumble. A revived labor movement increased opposition to the regime and to the deteriorating economic conditions.
Anastasio Somoza Debayle's intentions to run for another presidential term in 1974 were resisted even within his own PLN. The political opposition, led by Chamorro and former Minister of Education Ramiro Sacasa, established the Democratic Liberation Union (Unión Democrática de Liberación--Udel), an opposition group that included most anti-Somoza elements. The Udel was a broad coalition of business groups whose representation included members from both the traditional elite and labor unions. The party promoted a dialogue with the government to foster political pluralism. The president responded with increasing political repression and further censorship of the media and the press. In September 1974, Anastasio Somoza Debayle was reelected president.
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Exploring the stylistic texts, images, and provocative meanings
of contemporary & classic cultural arts.
Biography Presents Compelling Portrait of Life, Times, and Mind of Jean-Paul Sartre (part 2 of 2)
What was at the center of Sartre's sometimes mercurial passions and obsessions? Perhaps it was less a rejection of personalities and movements that it was a devotion to something which likely was not always apparent: the facilitation of an organic dialogue on how best to steer humanity toward acknowledgement of the ways it engineered unspeakable tragedies and why it is imperative we accept collective responsibility for correcting them.
To read part 1 of this article please click here.
In this, he was much more a world citizen, or internationalist, than a nationalist. Cohen-Solal demonstrates as much through accounts of his physical and psychic immersion into different cultural and political environments as a traveler, and through applied adjustments of his literary focus as an engaged philosopher. Referring to the aftermath of a 1945 trip to the United States:
"What Is Literature?, Anti-Semite and Jew, The Respectful Prostitute, these are some of Sartre's works that in the months to come, deal with the reality he has discovered in America. His recent awareness of the black problem [Jim Crow racism] is enhanced by his friendship with the American writer Richard Wright, whose autobiographical novel, Black Boy, was published in March 1945" (Cohen-Solal, p. 242).
And, as philosopher and social justice advocate Cornel West points out in his introduction to the biography, despite any criticisms of the man:
"Sartre will always be remembered as the most visible and influential European intellectual who put a limelight on the struggles against U.S. and French imperialism in Africa and Asia and against white supremacy in the United Sates. This is no small matter and it took great courage to do so. His support of freedom struggles in Morocco, Algeria, Vietnam, Cuba, South Africa, and the United States—regardless of the outcomes that resulted—was heroic" (West, p. xviii).
The book publishing industry being what it is in 2017, marketplace titles are often the result of sensational headlines or celebrity personalities rather than the value represented by the quality of a manuscript's substance. As such, in addition to Cohen-Solal and Cornel West, readers of the American trade paperback centennial edition of Sartre: A Life can thank The New Press for its proven dedication to principles and practices that support the publication of books based on their intrinsic merit. Doing so is not about worshipping someone like-Paul Sartre––whose closest contemporary counterpart may be the African-American Nobel Laureate Toni Morrison—as a cultural icon. It is about maintaining access to the kind of literature on which humanity depends to help preserve whatever hard-won rights and freedoms still exist.
In Closing
Among the most beguiling of Sartre's diagnostic tools of philosophical inquiry was how he chose to employ the biographies of others, such as Jean Genet's and Gustave Flaubert's, as mirrors. Rather than emulating their approaches to literary form, metaphysical paradoxes, or political conundrums, he used them to "think against himself," as if his intellect were a knife, or sword, and theirs whetstones upon which he sharpened concepts and strategies. It is possible Cohen-Solal, though she indicates otherwise, has done the same in regard to Sartre with her masterful examination of one of the 20th century's most engaged, courageous, and influential creative thinkers.
Aberjhani is an American poet, historian, essayist, editor, journalist, social critic, and cautious artist. His many honors include the Choice Academic Title of the Year Award, the Notable Book of the Year Award, Outstanding Journalist Award, and Poet of the Year Award. He is currently completing final edits on a work of creative nonfiction about the cultural arts, race relations, immigration, and human trafficking in his hometown of Savannah, Georgia.
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June 2023


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Make your party perfect with these shaped party essential decorations. You can easily fill your party space when you use these shaped cut outs for all of your DIY party ideas. Fox die-cut party décor looks great when used as wall decorations, bunting banners, even styled as centerpieces at your tables. Best of all, this set of Fox Party Essentials will arrive printed with a coordinating pattern on the back so you can hang them from the ceiling or create fun balloon displays when you tie them to the balloon strings. Fox party supplies are sure to help you style an impressive celebration.
Fox - Animal Shaped - DIY Party Essentials:
- Set includes 20 printed and cut fox-shaped decorations
- Each die-cut decoration measures 5.5" x 6.25"
- Printed on heavy card stock paper


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11 hours ago
Friday, July 14, 2017
Announcement: Summer KT Creators Festival
Starting today is the Summer Creators Festival, a two-week event to raise money for the World Autism Organization. There will be music, attractions, and many shops to buy items from, with up to 100% of the money going to charity.
For questions, contact Amythe Moonlight
July 14th-30th
Rosemist Isle (126, 128, 21)
Posted by Bixyl Shuftan at 12:00 PM
Labels: Amythe Moonlight, announcement, Autism, benefit, charity, event, fundraiser, KT Festival, Rosemist Isle, Second Life, Secondlife, sl, World Autism Organization
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Pope Named "World's Greatest Leader" by Fortune Magazine
Fortune magazine has become the latest publication to honor Pope Francis, naming him the world's greatest leader.
The Holy Father came top of 50 of the world's greatest leaders, chosen by the magazine in a world "starved for leadership". The magazine says the list consists of "men and women who will inspire you -- some famous, others little known, all of them energizing their followers and making the world better."
"In the brief time since [his election], Francis has electrified the Church and attracted legions of non-Catholic admirers by energetically setting a new direction," the magazine says. "He has refused to occupy the palatial papal apartments, has washed the feet of a female Muslim prisoner, is driven around Rome in a Ford Focus, and famously asked "Who am I to judge?" with regard to the Church's view of gay members. He created a group of eight cardinals to advise him on reform, which a Church historian calls the 'most important step in the history of the Church for the past 10 centuries.'"
The magazine notes that Francis "recently asked the world to stop the rock-star treatment" but adds: "He knows that while revolutionary, his actions so far have mostly reflected a new tone and intentions. His hardest work lies ahead."
It says that "signs of a 'Francis effect' abound." In a poll in March, one in four Catholics said they'd increased their charitable giving to the poor this year. "Of those, 77% said it was due in part to the Pope," Fortune says.
In the year since his election, the Pope has been named Person of the Year by Time, and made the cover of Rolling Stone magazine, among others. Fortune is a global business magazine published by Time Inc. and founded in 1930.


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Note: The US Food and Drug Administration released an inflection point about canine DCM and implications to pet diets on Sept. 29.
WASHINGTON — The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is alerting pet owners and veterinary professionals about reports of canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs eating certain pet foods containing peas, lentils, other legume seeds or potatoes as main ingredients. These reports are unusual because DCM is occurring in breeds not typically genetically prone to the disease. The F.D.A.'s Center for Veterinary Medicine and the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network, a collaboration of government and veterinary diagnostic laboratories, are investigating this potential association.
Canine DCM is a disease of a dog's heart muscle and results in an enlarged heart and often congestive heart failure. Heart function may improve in cases that are not linked to genetics with appropriate veterinary treatment and dietary modification, if caught early.
The underlying cause of DCM is not truly known, but is thought to have a genetic component. Breeds that are typically more frequently affected by DCM include large and giant breed dogs, such as Great Danes, Boxers, Newfoundlands, Irish Wolfhounds, Saint Bernards and Doberman Pinschers. It is less common in small and medium breed dogs, except American and English Cocker Spaniels. However, the cases that have been reported to the F.D.A. have included Golden and Labrador Retrievers, Whippets, a Shih Tzu, a Bulldog and Miniature Schnauzers, as well as mixed breeds.
Diets in cases reported to the F.D.A. frequently list potatoes or multiple legumes such as peas, lentils, other "pulses" (seeds of legumes), and their protein, starch and fiber derivatives early in the ingredient list, indicating that they are main ingredients. Early reports from the veterinary cardiology community indicate that the dogs consistently ate these foods as their primary source of nutrition for time periods ranging from months to years. High levels of legumes or potatoes appear to be more common in diets labeled as "grain-free," but it is not yet known how these ingredients are linked to cases of DCM. Changes in diet, especially for dogs with DCM, should be made in consultation with a licensed veterinarian.
In the reports the F.D.A. has received, some of the dogs showed signs of heart disease, including decreased energy, cough, difficulty breathing and episodes of collapse. Medical records for four atypical DCM cases, three Golden Retrievers and one Labrador Retriever, show that these dogs had low whole blood levels of the amino acid taurine. Taurine deficiency is well-documented as potentially leading to DCM. The Labrador Retriever with low whole blood taurine levels is recovering with veterinary treatment, including taurine supplementation, and a diet change. Four other cases of DCM in atypical dog breeds, a Miniature Schnauzer, Shih Tzu and two Labrador Retrievers, had normal blood taurine levels. The F.D.A. continues to work with board certified veterinary cardiologists and veterinary nutritionists to better understand the clinical presentation of these dogs. The agency has also been in contact with pet food manufacturers to discuss these reports and to help further the investigation.
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By Robert Weiner and Richard Mann
During recent interviews, presidential hopeful Mitt Romney said "any President" would have given the order that would have launched the raid that killed Osam a bin Laden last year.
Republican candidates know they cannot be opposed to something as popular as the capture and killing of Bin Laden. Instead, Romney tried to make Obama's decision seem routine.
The problem is that it is simply not true. When placed in a similar situation with parallel choices, George W. Bush, Obama's predecessor, failed to succeed because he made the opposite decision. In December 2001, Bush had the chance to capture Bin Laden in Tora Bora, Afghanistan, was faced with the choice of doing it ourselves or involving a foreign government, and blew it by asking the Afghanis to do it. Whether by ineptness or intent, the Afghani troops allowed bin Laden to escape.
When Obama was questioned as why he did not inform the Pakistanis about Abbottabad, he said, "I didn't tell most people here in the White House. I didn't tell my own family. It was that important for us to maintain operational security." When asked during the 2006 campaign debates what he would do with "actionable intelligence", he said he would indeed have the United States "act unilaterally" rather than in consort with foreign intelligence if necessary to capture bin Laden. That's precisely what he did.
The Bush decisions causing the Tora Bora misfire against bin Laden are documented. According to a 2009 Senate Foreign Relations Committee report with no dissenting views, TORA BORA REVISITED: HOW WE FAILED TO GET BIN LADEN AND WHY IT MATTERS TODAY, "The U.S. command chose to rely on airstrikes and untrained Afghan militias." The Committee says its review "removes any lingering doubts and makes it clear that Osama bin Laden was within our grasp at Tora Bora." The Committee Chair expressed the "hope that we can learn from the mistakes of the past." Obama did.
When the Bush administration had actionable intelligence to get bin Laden, they made the wrong choice -- letting the Afghans take charge. It was a night and day difference from what Obama did with the Pakistanis in Abbottabad. President Obama recognized that bin Laden's compound could not exist without local and likely some kind of government cooperation.
During the years after the Tora Bora debacle, the Bush administration went even further in the opposite direction from Obama's later actions. Bush closed the CIA's unit on Bin Laden. In contrast, the Obama administration reprioritized the search for Bin Laden. Bush said, "I truly am not that concerned about him. I am deeply concerned about Iraq... I really don't spend that much time on him, to be honest with you." The notion recently raised by Karl Rove, Condoleezza Rice and Dick Cheney that Bush deserves a share of the credit for Obama's bin Laden operation is ridiculous and should be recognized as sour grapes.
team had as key players Vice President Joe Biden, a former Chair of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee, and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, a former
Armed Services Committee member as senator, and their emphasis on using
intelligence and special operations over a large military footprint ultimately
proved successful. Despite 100,000 troops and another 100,000 contractors, the
Taliban actually grew stronger. It was the surgical raid by a small team that
defeated the man behind the September 11th attacks.
Biden and Hillary Clinton's influence is obvious in the now-famous White House photos and video of the White House "watch party." They are close to the screen in the video monitor of real time action in Abbottabad during the takedown. Biden stands up, makes a phone call and says, "We got him. We killed him."
Obama made what former Defense Secretary Robert Gates called "one of the most courageous calls, decisions, that I think I've ever seen." The operation succeeded because Obama did not do it the way "other presidents would have" and Bush had done in the past.
The debate moderators and news media as a whole have only allowed the Republicans to differentiate from each other and not from the president's successes when it comes to foreign policy. With the primary field coming to Florida on Jan. 31, it is time for the moderators to ask the Republicans if they have any real alternative that would have succeeded as Obama did in taking down Osama bin Laden, Anwar al-Awlaki, or Libya's Muammar Gaddafi or for that matter, on domestic policy, where Obama reversed the Bush bleeding of 750,000 jobs per month, rescued the auto industry and the nation's financial institutions, and put the country back to 22 straight months of increased jobs and improved GDP.
Robert Weiner is a former spokesman for the White House and was Chief of Staff for former Florida Senator and Congressman Claude Pepper and a senior aide to Congressmen John Conyers (MI), Charles Rangel (NY), Ed Koch (NY), and Sen. Ted Kennedy (MA). Richard Mann is Senior Policy Analyst at Robert Weiner Associates.


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Head of Scholarly Publications and Programs at Freer|Sackler, Nancy Micklewright is just back from a trip to Istanbul, where she met with leading scholars and colleagues and visited the city's newest museum.
Istanbul, already a city of great museums, has a new one. Orhan Pamuk's Museum of Innocence (Masumiyet Müzesi in Turkish) opened on April 28. Pamuk, the Nobel Prize laureate, conceived of his museum and his novel of the same name, published in 2008, as two parts of the same project. His novel, set in Istanbul of the 1970s, is a love story. The protagonist, Kemal, is obsessed with Füsun, his beloved, and lives out his obsession by trying to collect everything she has touched or that embodies their lives together so that he will always remember her.
Kemal's collection, painstakingly assembled by Pamuk, is displayed in the museum, a converted 19th-century house. The 83 vitrines correspond to the 83 chapters in the book and are filled with thousands of objects—snapshots, keys, watches, salt and pepper shakers, matchbooks, restaurant menus. Some pieces have been fabricated, including the collection of 4,213 cigarette butts (every cigarette smoked by Füsun during the years of Kemal and Füsun's love affair), but most were collected from the junk and antique stores of Istanbul. The museum's design and installation were a collaborative effort of the author and a team of professional designers, and the result is engaging, even bewitching.
Presenting fabricated objects together with historic artifacts, all in the service of a narrative that is itself a fiction, disrupts the visitor's expectations about authenticity and reality. The multiple voices of the wall text, sometime Pamuk reporting on a conversation with Kemal, sometimes Kemal himself speaking, further confuse the visitor.
The museum offers a chance to engage with big questions: What is the relationship between objects and memory? Does a novel need a museum to complete its message? What does it mean when a museum collection is a work of fiction? What is the difference between a museum and the performance of a museum? Is there a difference?
Interested in learning more about contemporary practice in museums? The Freer|Sackler's lecture series Exhibiting Asia in the 21st Century resumes on September 12 with a look at The Gulshan Album: The Collections of a Young Prince by distinguished scholar Milo Cleveland Beach.


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Red Color Pony Baby Hat
"This soft wool tricolor Red Color Pony Baby Hat will make them stand out from the crowd. It has a circumference of 34cm.
This product is out of stock
What do we do to contribute to make a greener planet? Read carefully.
The Animals Observatory has a global vision about sustainability. We make decisions to reduce the impact of the manufacturing but also to improve the relationships with our stakeholders. We locate the production mainly between Spain and Portugal to reduce the pollution generated by long distance transportation. We have long lasting relationships with the factories we work with, as one of our goals is to have stable and trustworthy relationships with our suppliers. The Animals Observatory collaborates with the Carbon Neutral UPS program. Throughout this program, we offset the CO2 emissions generated by the transport of packages. This collaboration has allowed us to mitigate 74.7 tones of CO2 between July and December of 2020. Other features include the Seaqual Initiative, a neighbouring organization that works with waste management and recycling industries to transform marine litter into upcycled marine plastic, so that leading brands and manufacturers can create sustainable products.
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For more information click here: https://www.theanimalsobservatory.com/house/sustainability
35% Recycled Polyamide 30% Viscose 16% Recycled Wool 14% Wool 5% Cashmere
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Kathleen Egan: Surfing the Plastic Wave
Kathleen Egan — surfer, artist, and environmental activist — heads up SF Surfrider's Plastics Subcommittee, which is working to end the plague of plastic pollution in our oceans. I first met her last month displaying her Plastic Wave sculpture (made from the collected plastic of 12 friends over two weeks) at Adventure Ecology's SMART Art competition.
We met again this past Friday and ended up hanging out at San Francisco's Pier 29-1/2 (where David de Rothschild is building his Plastiki boat from recycled plastic) after an unfortunate collision between a U-Haul trailer and a metal warehouse gate. Sitting and waiting for the repair people to arrive gave us a chance to see a glimpse of the Plastiki in progress, play with a couple of cute dogs, and enjoy the sun while chatting about all things plastic.
Kathleen began surfing in 2001 after moving to San Francisco and having a surfer friend take her under his wing, and the practice has become life-changing.
"Every wave is unique. Every time on the board is a slightly different experience. Balancing is hard, but catching a wave in the first place is the first challenge. It takes hours of practice. You can't accelerate the learning process. You just have to put the time in."
She tells me that to surf is to be totally in the moment. Multi-tasking is not possible because the sport requires total focus. You're aware of wind, water, other animals or people around you, and emotions like fear. These waves can be very scary. And then she says something I love so much, I have to make her pause so I can get the words down exactly right:
"You are where you are. You have to go through the waves to get out and through the waves again to get back in."
It's a metaphor, not only for life, but for the environmental movement and for finding ways to live sustainably. There are no shortcuts. My interpretation: we can't wait for some miracle technology to save us from the mess we've made. Each of us must do our part, every day. We can't bypass the waves; we have to go through them.
Kathleen became aware of the plastic pollution problem after a presentation given by the Algalita Marine Research Foundation over two years ago. Surfing in destinations all over the world, she's seen the problem first hand in Indonesia, Mexico, Hawaii. Now, she points at an empty plastic bottle on the dock near our feet and says that when you first start noticing how much plastic there is, and then realize how fast the population is growing, you make the connection about how much plastic each person generates, and the amounts are alarming, the problem overwhelming. "We can't reach everyone all at once, but we can focus on the people who are open to change and who just need the right information to get involved."
(Perhaps we can start a "wave" that will pick up the others as it gains momentum and grows bigger.)
As for art, Kathleen has always been creative, but she started working with plastic trash around the same time she became aware of the problem. During a beach cleanup a few years ago, the colored shards of plastic strewn across the sand reminded her of mardi gras beads and gave her the idea to create mosaics. She collects plastic from the beaches wherever she surfs. In fact, the plastic in her blue wave mosaic (on the left) is from a trip to Indonesia. She plans to create her next piece with plastic from El Salvador.
But scooping up bits of plastic for art projects isn't enough. And, Kathleen insists, all of our small personal changes will not be enough without cooperation and change from businesses. Our conversation becomes animated at this point — me arguing that we won't get companies to change until individuals themselves change first and begin to vote with their dollars — and Kathleen insisting that not all individuals are going to change and that a handful of passionate activists can make a big difference.
We're both right, of course. Look at the success of the Brita campaign. Kathleen wants to take a similar approach to urge Jamba Juice to give up using Styrofoam cups and plastic straws for its drinks. And she wants more visibility into what companies are doing. In addition to her avocations as surfer, artist, and activist, Kathleen has a day job involving some pretty large corporations. When she asks what motivates them to "go green," she hears answers like brand image, efficiency, government regulation. But she never hears that they want to avoid negative press. She asks, why not? Why aren't more of us out here letting companies know we won't tolerate unsustainable products and practices?
What will it take to create this wave?