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The Justice Department has formally charged the CEO of Bitcoin exchange Bitinstant.com with running an illegal wire service, and according to reports by the New York Post's Kaja Whitehouse, he's just been arrested at JFK. Uh oh.
The charges against Bitinstant's 24-year old CEO Charlie Shrem are more sophisticated than just "running a Bitcoin exchange." Instead, they're tied up with the sale of Bitcoins to users of "Silk Road," whose propensity to spend it on drugs turns the whole thing a money-laundering scheme, so far as the Justice Department is concerned.
From the Justice Department's press release:
...criminal charges in Manhattan federal court against ROBERT M. FAIELLA, a/k/a "BTCKing," an underground Bitcoin exchanger, and CHARLIE SHREM, the Chief Executive Officer and Compliance Officer of a Bitcoin exchange company, for engaging in a scheme to sell over $1 million in Bitcoins to users of "Silk Road," the underground website that enabled its users to buy and sell illegal drugs anonymously and beyond the reach of law enforcement. Each defendant is charged with conspiring to commit money laundering, and operating an unlicensed money transmitting business.
And it probably doesn't help that Shrem can be identified as a "proud stoner."
The problem is, separating the act of selling some Bitcoin from the fact that buyers might be spending that Bitcoin on drugs is problematic, near impossible. The same could be true of giving someone a cash loan or selling anything for cash, though the difference there is that you aren't going outside of United States currency, or operating over the internet with complete anonymity.
The charges contained in the Justice Department's release are only accusations, and Shrem will have to be proven guilty before they stick. But if it turns out that the operator of a well-known, well-funded, and well-connected Bitcoin exchange can be held accountable for money laundering if his buyers might take that 'coin and immediately turn to a cyber drug ring, Bitcoin exchanges everywhere are going to have a huge uphill battle to fight. [Business Insider]


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The Unsolved Mystery of
Graves and Ghosts at Valley Forge
Because the traditional Valley Forge story includes images of men starving, freezing, and dying of sickness, visitors to the site in Victorian times imagined that perhaps thousands of Revolutionary soldiers lay buried there.
One area then acknowledged as a camp burying ground was south of Route 23 near the sites now known as Varnum's and Huntington's Quarters where a lone headstone marked with the initials "JW" appeared to stand among many other unmarked graves. The other supposed burial ground was within the arc made by Outer Line Drive as it winds downhill from Wayne's Woods. An 1898 letter described how this sloping ground had been eroded to reveal the knee bones of soldiers buried in a crouched position.
Both these areas were duly honored with monuments. In 1901, the National Society of the Daughters of the Revolution of 1776 raised a shaft near the lonely headstone which had by then been identified with John Waterman. Still popularly called the Waterman Monument, this was really dedicated to all the soldiers "who sleep in Valley Forge." The Valley Forge chapter of the DAR erected a second monument to the dead in 1911 below the hill surmounted by Wayne's Woods.
The Victorian interest in graves naturally led to the creation of Valley Forge ghost stories. In 1895, there were reports of ghostly campfires and the spirits of Revolutionary soldiers were said to be visible on the hillsides on stormy nights.
Other graves were identified in the 1930s by the Veterans' Graves Registration Division of the WPA, though the basis for their identification is today unknown. As late as 1975, when the Veterans' Administration considered locating a cemetery at Valley Forge, it was still believed that digging new graves might disturb the unknown resting places of Revolutionary soldiers.
However, recent studies of eighteenth-century documents reveal few references to burials at Valley Forge — since soldiers who became ill in camp would have been taken to outlying hospitals. Recent archaeological investigations turned up no graves — but many offal pits, where soldiers would have buried bones and refuse from the livestock slaughtered for their rations.
Could the graves of Valley Forge hold the remains of cows and pigs?
According to National Park Service historian Joseph Lee Boyle, no substantiated human graves have ever been found in the park. It cannot even be proven that John Waterman was buried at Valley Forge, since his headstone was removed from its original position in 1939 and its original location is now unknown.
The graves and ghosts of Valley Forge remain one of the park's interesting mysteries.

subset: commoncrawl


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The laying bare of this disillusionment takes place in Oriol Canals' Letters from the Shadows, a film born of the need for truthful contact. Tired of hearing once more the same stories of beached refugees arriving in Spain, 'the same sad litany of figures' on the morning news, he resolved to meet them and record their stories. But as he says in the film, 'how can you show people afraid to be seen? How can you tell their story when all they want is to forget?'. In answer, he set up a room in which the men could speak unhindered to a camera, with the tapes then being sent to their homes as a way of breaking the illusions that so many families held about coming to Europe. The men speak of their ordeals in their own languages, in Bambara, Haoussa, Peul, Soninké, Twi and Wolof, and liberated from interview, speak candidly of their journeys, their sadness, hunger, fear, and their current drift in a world where they are wholly present but marginal, tolerated but ignored. Their film is suffused with the images and rhythm of waiting and uncertainty.
Letters from the Shadows gives voice to a few of the many who set out with dreams of bettering their lives and seeing the world. 'When I decided to go for adventure it came from the heart' says one man. Adventure: it is a charged and energising word that claims ground hitherto regarded as some kind of western birthright.


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Association between a $1.00 increase in the price of selected foods and beverages with change in total energy intake (A), body weight (B), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (C). Each food/beverage and outcome variable was modeled independently (n = 12 models) as linear regression models of outcome (total energy intake [in kilocalories, n = 12 007 observations], weight [in pounds, n = 11 972 observations; to convert to kilograms, multiply by 0.45], and HOMA-IR [n = 10 218 observations]) on the price (in dollars) of soda, whole milk, hamburgers, and pizza. All models adjusted for the following covariates: age (continuous); race; sex; income (low [<$25 000], middle [$25 000 to <$50 000], high [≥$50 000] [reference], and missing income); education (<high school, completed high school [reference], 3 years college, and ≥4 years college); family structure (single, married [reference], single with children, and married with children); logged cost of living; imputed price (indicator variable, yes/no); and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study center. Models adjusted for clustering at the individual level. Models with weight as the dependent variable also adjusted for participants' height. Specific food and beverage models also adjusted for the following covariates: "soda," logged price of wine; "whole milk," logged price of coffee; "burger," logged price of fried chicken, steak, and parmesan cheese; and "pizza," logged price of fried chicken. *Estimate is significantly different from zero (P < .05).
Association between a $1.00 increase in the price of soda alone, pizza alone, or both soda and pizza with change in total energy intake (A), body weight (B), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score (C). Estimates were derived from linear regression model of outcome (total energy intake [in kilocalories, n = 12 007 observations], body weight [in pounds, n = 11 972 observations; to convert to kilograms, multiply by 0.45], and HOMA-IR [n = 10 218 observations]) on the prices (in dollars) of soda, whole milk, hamburgers, and pizza. All models adjusted for age (continuous); race; sex; income (low [<$25 000], middle [$25 000 to <$50 000], high [≥$50 000] [reference], and missing income); education (<high school, completed high school [reference], 3 years college, and ≥4 years college); family structure (single, married [reference], single with children, and married with children); logged price of the replacement beverage wine and orange juice; the logged cost of living index; having imputed prices (indicator variable, yes/no); and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study center. Models adjusted for clustering at the individual level. Models with weight as the dependent variable also adjusted for participants' height. *Estimate is significantly different from zero (P < .05).
Customize your JAMA Network experience by selecting one or more topics from the list below.
Duffey KJ, Gordon-Larsen P, Shikany JM, Guilkey D, Jacobs DR, Popkin BM. Food Price and Diet and Health Outcomes: 20 Years of the CARDIA Study. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(5):420–426. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.545
© 2023
Despite surging interest in taxation as a policy to address poor food choice, US research directly examining the association of food prices with individual intake is scarce.
This 20-year longitudinal study included 12 123 respondent days from 5115 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Associations between food price, dietary intake, overall energy intake, weight, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were assessed using conditional log-log and linear regression models.
The real price (inflated to 2006 US dollars) of soda and pizza decreased over time; the price of whole milk increased. A 10% increase in the price of soda or pizza was associated with a −7.12% (95% confidence interval [CI], −63.50 to −10.71) or −11.5% (95% CI, −17.50 to −5.50) change in energy from these foods, respectively. A $1.00 increase in soda price was also associated with lower daily energy intake (−124 [95% CI, −198 to −50] kcal), lower weight (−1.05 [95% CI, −1.80 to −0.31] kg), and lower HOMA-IR score (0.42 [95% CI, −0.60 to −0.23]); similar trends were observed for pizza. A $1.00 increase in the price of both soda and pizza was associated with greater changes in total energy intake (−181.49 [95% CI, −247.79 to −115.18] kcal), body weight (−1.65 [95% CI, −2.34 to 0.96] kg), and HOMA-IR (−0.45 [95% CI, −0.59 to −0.31]).
Policies aimed at altering the price of soda or away-from-home pizza may be effective mechanisms to steer US adults toward a more healthful diet and help reduce long-term weight gain or insulin levels over time.
Although price policies, such as taxation, are beginning to be used as a means of addressing obesity, diabetes, and other nutrition-related health concerns, minimal research has been done to study how these price changes would have an impact on health outcomes. To date, this research has focused on broad ecological relationships,1-5 were conducted as small-scale experiments,6-9 or used cross-sectional data10,11 rather than examining the direct effects of price on food and beverage intake over a long period.
To compensate for food environments where healthful foods (ie, fresh fruits and vegetables) tend to cost more,12,13 public health professionals and politicians have suggested that foods high in calories, saturated fat, or added sugar be subject to added taxes and/or that healthier foods be subsidized.1,14-17 Such manipulation of food prices has been a mainstay of global agricultural and food policy,16,18 used as a means to increase availability of animal foods and basic commodities, but it has not been readily used as a mechanism to promote public health and chronic disease prevention efforts.16,19,20
To properly examine the total health effect of price changes, it is necessary to examine direct and indirect effects of price changes on dietary intake. This includes (1) the direct price elasticity of demand, defined as the measure of responsiveness in the quantity demanded for a commodity as a result of change in price of that same commodity, and (2) indirect effects on complements and substitutes, namely other foods for which consumption might be affected by price changes of a given food. For example, one could examine changes in consumption of fruit juice or milk in response to changes in the price of soft drinks.
Using directly measured individual-level consumption and health-outcome data linked with community price data (specific to each individual's time-varying residential location at the time dietary data were collected), we investigated the secular trends in selected food and beverage prices and their association with consumption (price elasticity of demand), total energy intake, weight, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score over a 20-year period in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.
The CARDIA Study is a multicenter, longitudinal study of the determinants and evolution of cardiovascular disease risk in black and white young adults. The CARDIA participants were drawn from 1 of 4 US cities, with recruitment procedures designed to create a balanced representation of age, sex, ethnicity, and education group in each location. The baseline survey was completed by 5115 young adults, aged 18 to 30 years. Follow-up examinations were conducted at 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 years after baseline, with retention rates of 91%, 86%, 81%, 79%, 74%, and 72%, respectively. Data from examination years 0 (1985-1986), 7 (1992-1993), and 20 (2005-2006) were used for this study, since these are the years in which dietary data were collected. Detailed descriptions of the sampling plan and cohort characteristics are described elsewhere.21,22
Food price data were compiled by the Council for Community and Economic Research (C2ER, formerly known as the American Chamber of Commerce Research Association).23 From the available price data, we selected the following beverage and food variables based on comparability with individual-level food consumption data in the CARDIA Study: soft drink (2-L bottle of soda), whole milk (one-half gallon [1.9 L]), hamburger (one-quarter pound [0.113 kg] burger, purchased away-from-home), and pizza (12-13 in [29.4-33.0 cm] cheese, thin crust purchased away from home). We also include a selection of prices of hypothesized complementary and replacement foods and beverages: beer (6 pack, 12–fl oz [360-mL] bottles), wine (1.5-L bottle), coffee (1-lb [0.45-kg] can of ground coffee), bananas (1 lb), steak (1 lb, US Department of Agriculture [USDA] choice), parmesan cheese (8 oz [224 g], grated), and fried chicken (pieces, thigh and drumstick, purchased away from home). To account for inflation, we used the consumer price index (CPI)24 of year 2006, third quarter (CPI = 100%) as the baseline to inflate the nominal values for all prices to 2006 dollars. We linked price data to CARDIA Study respondents temporally (based on the year and quarter of CARDIA Study examination dates) and spatially (based on the respondent's residential location at each time point). A more detailed description of price data and our imputation strategy is provided in the eAppendix.
Usual dietary intake was assessed using the CARDIA Study diet history followed by a comprehensive quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The CARDIA diet history is a valid and reliable25 interviewer-administered questionnaire.26 We used 2 beverage and 2 away-from-home food categories: whole milk (fluid milk only—not powdered, evaporated, or condensed or fluid milk used in recipes), soft drinks (sweetened), hamburgers (sandwich or fast food), and pizza (frozen or restaurant).
Measured height (nearest 0.5 cm) and weight (nearest 0.1 kg) were collected by trained technicians. Fasting insulin and glucose levels were obtained by venous blood draw. Glucose was measured using hexokinase coupled to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The HOMA-IR score, a measure of insulin resistance, was calculated as:
[Fasting Glucose (in Millimoles per Liter) × Fasting Insulin (in Microunits per Liter)]/22.5.27
Higher scores are indicative of increased insulin sensitivity.
At each examination period, self-reported information on sociodemographic and selected health behaviors was collected using standardized questionnaires, including age, education (completed elementary school, ≤3 years of high school, 4 years of high school, ≤3 years of college, or ≥4 years of college), income (low [<$25 000], middle [$25 000 to <$50 000]), and high [≥$50 000]), and family structure (married, single, married with children, and single with children). Physical activity (in exercise units per week) was assessed using the CARDIA Study physical activity questionnaire.28 All models also adjusted for the cost of living. A detailed description of cost of living data is provided in the eAppendix.
All analyses were completed in Stata version 10 statistical software (StataCorp, College Station, Texas). Descriptive statistics of beverage prices, energy (measured in kilocalories) per person and per consumer from each food group, and percentage consuming each food group were compared across the 3 examination periods, with statistical significance set at the P < .05 level (2-tailed test).
For analysis of price elasticity (the ratio of a percentage change in consumption to percentage change in price), we used 2-step marginal effect models in which the resulting estimates are weighted means of the association between changes in price with changes in consumption. These models first estimate the association between price change on the probability of consuming a food or beverage (step 1) and then the association between price change and the quantity consumed among consumers (step 2).29 Models were clustered on the individual (to correct standard errors for multiple observations and possible differences in variance), and estimates and standard errors were generated using 1000 replications.30 We tested and did not find a statistically significant interaction between logged price values and income or logged price values and time (likelihood ratio test, P > .10). A more detailed description of the 2-step marginal effect method is available in the eAppendix.
We examined own-price and cross-price elasticities. Own-price elasticity is defined as the percentage change in consumption associated with a percentage change in price. Cross-price elasticity is the percentage change in consumption of the first good associated with a percentage change in the price of a second good; their inclusion is necessary for proper evaluation of the total effect of changes in food price on diet and health. For example, to fully understand how change in soda price is associated with change in total energy, we need to also understand how the change in soda price is associated with change in intake of whole milk (a potential substitute) or pizza (a potential complement).
Finally, we examined the association between daily total energy intake, body weight, and HOMA-IR with price using pooled ordinary least square regression models, clustered on the individual. For each model, the continuous food and beverage prices were regressed on the 3 outcomes variables, adjusting for sociodemographic (race, sex, age, income, education, and family structure) and lifestyle factors (total physical activity and smoking status) as well as logged values of hypothesized complementary and replacement foods, logged cost of living, and an indicator variable for time (year 0, year 7, and year 20 [reference]), and imputed price data (yes/no). The body weight models also adjusted for subjects' height.
In all models, participants' observations were excluded if price data were incomplete (n = 3 observations) or the participant was pregnant (n = 69 observations). This resulted in a final sample size for all marginal effect estimates of n = 12 123 observations. In the HOMA-IR model, participants were further excluded if they were taking antidiabetic medication (n = 182 observations), resulting in final sample sizes for the longitudinal repeated measures regression models of n = 12 007 (for kilocalories), n = 11 972 (for weight), and n = 10 218 (for HOMA-IR score) observations.
The inflation-adjusted real price of soda and pizza steadily declined between examination year 0 (1985) and year 20 (2006), with the largest percentage decrease observed for soda, falling from $2.71 to $1.42 (a 48% decrease; Table 1). The price of an away-from-home hamburger and whole milk were relatively stable. It is important to note, however, that these prices ignore the total cost because they do not incorporate the time cost involved in preparing food.31 Despite an average decline in prices, between 10% and 50% of our sample experienced price increases (depending on food group) between examination years 0 and 7 and years 7 and 20 (data not shown).
Age- and sex-adjusted estimates suggest, for most foods, an overall decline in intake (Table 1). For example, there was an overall decline in the percentage of the sample consuming soda, but among consumers, daily energy from soda remained relatively constant, resulting in an overall decline in estimates of daily energy intake per person.
Changes in the price of soda and pizza were associated with changes in the probability of consuming (model 1 vs model 2; Table 2), as well as the amount consumed (model 3). A 10% increase in the logged price of soda resulted in a 3% decline in the probability of consuming soda and a decrease in the log amount consumed (among consumers). A 10% increase in the price of soda is roughly equivalent to $0.20 per 1-L bottle.
Own-price elasticities were in the expected direction for soda and away-from-home pizza (P < .05; Table 3). Estimates for hamburgers and whole milk were in the opposite direction expected but were not statistically significant. Our results suggest that a 10% increase in the price of soda is associated with a mean (SE) 7.12% (1.83) decrease in daily energy from soda (P < .001) (accounting for nonconsumption).
Cross-price elasticities tended to be smaller than own-price elasticities. For example, a 10% increase in the price of pizza was associated with a mean (SE) 3.11% (1.42) increase in the daily energy from soda (P = .01) (cross-price elasticity; Table 3) compared with an 11.5% (3.06) decrease in daily energy from pizza (P < .001) (own-price elasticity; Table 3).
Price was also associated with total energy intake, body weight, and HOMA-IR scores (Figure 1). A $1.00 increase in the price of soda was associated with a mean (SE) of 124 (38) fewer total daily kilocalories (P = .001), a 2.34 (0.85)-lb (1.05 [0.38]-kg) lower weight (P = .006), and a 0.42 (0.10) lower HOMA-IR score (improved insulin resistance) (P < .001). The associations between price and the 3 outcomes were consistent (ie, the 3 dependent variables were in the same direction) for both away-from-home hamburgers and pizza, although the estimates only reached statistical significance for pizza.
Because of their strong cross-price elasticities, we also estimated the additive association of changing the price of soda, pizza, or soda and pizza on total daily energy intake, body weight, and HOMA-IR. A $1.00 increase in the price of both soda and pizza was associated with an additively greater change in total energy intake compared with increasing the price of just 1 of these foods. For example, increasing the price of soda or pizza alone resulted in a mean (SE) of 124 (38) (P = .001) and 58 (19) (P = .002) fewer total daily kilocalories, while a $1.00 increase in the price of both soda and pizza resulted in a mean (SE) of 181 (34) (P < .001) fewer total daily kilocalories. Similar patterns were observed for body weight and HOMA-IR scores (Figure 2).
Price manipulations on unhealthful foods and beverages have been proposed as a potential mechanism for improving the diet and health outcomes of Americans.1,14,16 While some argue that there is little evidence such a tax would improve health or have a positive impact on obesity rates,32 to our knowledge, no research has examined the direct and indirect total effects of such taxes on energy intake and subsequent changes in weight and other metabolic outcomes. Similar taxation policies have proven a successful means of effectively reducing adult and teenage smoking.33,34
Our results provide stronger evidence to support the potential health benefits of taxing selected foods and beverages. We report that an increase in the price of soda and pizza is associated with a significant decrease in daily energy intake from these foods. Price increases in soda and pizza were also associated with significant declines in overall daily energy intake, lower weight, and lower HOMA-IR scores over the 20-year study period. Furthermore, we report declines in the real (inflation-adjusted) prices of soda and away-from-home foods (foods that are commonly associated with increased caloric consumption and adverse health outcomes).35-39
Using our price elasticities and the sample's mean daily energy, body weight, and HOMA-IR values, we estimate that an 18% tax, which is the level that was unsuccessfully proposed by the state of New York and is considered by others as a minimal tax, would result in a roughly 56-kcal decline in daily total energy intake among young to middle-aged adults (18 [proposed tax] × −0.1116978 [estimated elasticity] × 2811.9 kcal [mean daily kilocalories in our sample]). At the population level, declines of 56 kcal per day would be associated with a reduction of roughly 5 lb (2.25 kg) per person per year and significant reductions in the risks of most obesity-related chronic diseases.40-42 With respect to smoking, price elasticities were typically higher for children, teenagers, and elderly persons.33,34,43,44 If this is also true for beverages, the overall impact of this tax on all its citizens might be greater than that found herein among adults aged 20 to 54 years.
Our results are in the same direction as those reported elsewhere. In France and Italy, demand elasticity was negative and relatively small for fluid milk.45 Similar in direction but of greater magnitude, Barquera et al46 reported that 10% price increases were associated with a decline of roughly 7 and 23 kcal/d from whole milk and soda, respectively, in a sample of Mexican adolescents and adults. The difference in magnitude of effects between the US and Mexican sample may indicate that US adults are less price sensitive; however, a direct comparison is not possible owing to differences in dietary methodology (direct weighing and recipe collection vs food frequency questionnaire) and study design (cross-sectional vs longitudinal).
While there are many strengths as a result of using the CARDIA data, our analysis is limited by its focus on a small number of food and beverage groups. Additional and important substitution and complementary foods and beverages may exist and should be examined in future studies. The relationship between price and consumption of "healthful" food items (ie, raw fruits and vegetables) should also be examined; our price data did not allow for evaluation of these relationships. Furthermore, we were not able to capture the full range of substitutability for the foods and beverages examined (ie, using low-fat or skim milk if the price of whole milk increases or choosing another fast food sandwich if hamburger prices rise), and thus we might have failed to take into account important explanations for our outcomes. Ideally, a full set of prices and food groups would have been used and the association between price and overall health would have been examined with the demand approach frequently used by economists, the Almost Ideal Demand System.47-49 Finally, it is possible that some of these paired changes, ie, the price and consumption of soda, are parallel trends over time, which are associated with other unobserved factors and are not necessarily causally related. However, given that over a fifth of our sample experienced increased soft drink price, this is unlikely.
In our sample, income did not modify the relationship between price and consumption. Deeper exploration of the interactions between food price and income may be crucial in other samples. Finally, this study has limited generalizability to non-US and younger populations. However, adolescents have been observed to be much more responsive to price changes in cigarettes than adults.33,34,43 We expect the relationship for price changes in foods and beverages to be similar.
Despite these limitations, to our knowledge, ours is the first dietary behavior study in the United States to examine both the direct effects of a price change on intake of a particular food (own-price elasticity) and the indirect effects on substitutes and complementary foods (cross-price elasticities). Furthermore, by doing this over a long-term period, we adjust for individual heterogeneity and are able to draw conclusions about how an individual's dietary behaviors would respond to changes in food price over a 20-year period. Finally, our findings highlight the substantial disparities between the fields of smoking and dietary behavior research; while there are extensive data sets on tobacco price and smoking behavior, there is a palpable scarcity of comparable data sets related to food price and dietary intake in the United States.
In conclusion, our findings suggest that national, state, or local policies to alter the price of less healthful foods and beverages may be one possible mechanism for steering US adults toward a more healthful diet. While such policies will not solve the obesity epidemic in its entirety and may face considerable opposition from food manufacturers and sellers, they could prove an important strategy to address overconsumption, help reduce energy intake, and potentially aid in weight loss and reduced rates of diabetes among US adults.
Correspondence: Barry M. Popkin, PhD, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University Square, Campus Box 8120, 123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997 (email@example.com).
Accepted for Publication: September 24, 2009.
Author Contributions: Drs Duffey and Popkin had full access to all of the data in the study and take full responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the analysis. Study concept and design: Duffey, Gordon-Larsen, Guilkey, and Popkin. Acquisition of data: Jacobs and Popkin. Analysis and interpretation of data: Duffey, Gordon-Larsen, Shikany, Guilkey, Jacobs, and Popkin. Drafting of the manuscript: Duffey. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Gordon-Larsen, Shikany, Guilkey, Jacobs, and Popkin. Statistical analysis: Duffey, Gordon-Larsen, Guilkey, and Jacobs. Obtained funding: Duffey, Gordon-Larsen, Jacobs, and Popkin. Administrative, technical, and material support: Gordon-Larsen and Popkin. Study supervision: Gordon-Larsen, Jacobs, and Popkin.
Financial Disclosure: None reported.
Funding/Support: Major funding for this study was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant R136EH000308-01) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (grants R01-CA109831, R01-CA121152, and K01-HD044263). Additional funding was provided by the NIH (grants R01-AA12162 and DK056350), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility (NIH grant P30-ES10126), the UNC-CH Clinic Nutrition Research Center (NIH grant DK56350), and the Carolina Population Center and from contracts with the University of Alabama at Birmingham Coordinating Center (grant N01-HC-95095) and Field Center (grant N01-HC-48047), the University of Minnesota Field Center (grant N01-HC-48048), the Northwestern University Field Center (grant N01-HC-48049), and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (grant N01-HC-48050) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Additional Contributions: Anna Maria Siega-Riz, PhD (Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, UNC-CH), provided helpful reviews of earlier versions of this manuscript. Tom Swasey provided graphical support and Frances Dancy, administrative assistance (both at The Carolina Population Center, UNC-CH). These individuals received no financial compensation.


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- May 8, 2013
You can pretty much guess that all of the parties involved in the Colony Beach & Tennis Resort's legal spaghetti ball took a look at their calendars last week and realized: Time really is running out. We need to get this settled.
That reality had to set in after the Colony unit owners' association board and Colony owner Dr. Murray "Murf" Klauber received word that their neighbors are becoming increasingly agitated by the Colony's slum-like conditions — and that's putting it mildly.
As reported last week in the Longboat Observer, the directors of the Aquarius Club sent a letter Aug. 10 to Town Hall, strongly opposing a request from the Colony Beach & Tennis Resort Association for a third extension deadline on requiring the Colony to reopen some of its units for business.
The gun to everyone's head is this: If the Colony does not reopen some of its tourist units by Dec. 31, the Town Commission could yank the Colony's tourist designation and reduce the 15-acre property's usable density from 237 units to 90 units.
This would be a monumental tragedy for Longboat Key.
And the last time we observed the commissioners on this subject, they weren't in much of a generous mood in spite of the thought of losing the Colony. It appears there are four of the seven commissioners ready to end the Colony as we all have known it.
Let's not forget, either, the tragedy of yanking the Colony's tourist designation also would create another giant-size, legal spaghetti ball, tangled even more than the one that exists now. Can you imagine all of the lawsuits that will erupt among the Colony's 200-plus owners over which owners would have to forfeit their properties?
That and the looming deadline are why we're guessing Klauber and the association board members must have swallowed hard after learning of the Aquarius board's letter.
Day by day, the clock is ticking faster. Indeed, as of today (Aug. 23), the Colony combatants have only 130 days to reopen — 4.3 months.
Get it done. Avoid the greater tragedy for all — for the unit owners and for Longboat Key.
Get it done — to buy more time to craft the right settlement.
It's a stretch to think any self-respecting tourist might pay to stay in what Mike Boesen of Tencon described as "25 boxes worth of rat traps" that is hastily renovated. But that's beside the point. Beating the deadline is the issue.
Think about it: If Longboat Key is to remain the gem that it became, the gem that it is and the gem it should be in the future, the island — and Greater Sarasota-Manatee — needs a renewed, redeveloped Colony Beach & Tennis Resort. The Longboat Key Club and Resort and Hilton Beachfront Resort are not enough.
And while there may be some Colony owners who would welcome downsizing the property to 90 seasonally used condominium units, to see the effects of that, all you must do is drive a couple of miles north on Gulf of Mexico Drive to observe the Positano luxury condominiums.
At one time that property was a thriving Holiday Inn that funneled year-round tourists and future real estate buyers through Longboat Key and Sarasota and Manatee counties, pumping economic health into the Key and region.
Today, the Positano is 29 luxury condo units. It doesn't take a genius to understand what that means.
Beat the deadline.
+ There is hope
Jay Yablon, president of the Colony Beach & Tennis Resort Association, gives us hope.
He says voluntary settlement talks are continuing among the Colony association board, a board advisory committee, Dr. Murray "Murf" Klauber and four development groups interested in taking on renovating or redeveloping the Colony.
And to hear Yablon tell it, it sounds as if the groups are talking as adults and not like hissing cats. Progress indeed.
At the same time, Yablon acknowledges: "I've come very close in the last six months to throwing up my hands and walking away. But I want to see this through to a good resolution."
It's still extraordinarily complicated. The association board's new advisory committee is helping focus on reaching a settlement first between Klauber and the association — "and then hoping the other parties would come along," Yablon said.
Those other parties include Colony Lender, which is holding a note said to be valued at $12 million on some of Klauber's Colony property; and a bankruptcy court trustee who would expect to be paid as well.
Yablon told us: "I don't think Dr. Klauber is looking to obstruct anything."
Meantime, all of the players are awaiting a ruling any time from U.S. Bankruptcy Judge K. Rodney May. One of his rulings is expected to address whether the association is to pay Klauber up to $20 million in damages.
But Yablon says even if Judge May says that is so, Yablon would not be surprised to see one if not both sides appeal May's rulings — all the while continuing private talks to reach a settlement.
Yablon also said he has detected that all sides are showing signs of being worn out. Take that as a sign of hope, too. When you're beaten down enough, you have a tendency to give in and settle.
We can only hope.
By now, everyone knows if Barack Obama or Mitt Romney is to win the presidency, he must carry Florida's 29 electoral college votes.
Florida is one of the swing states. And indeed Florida is considered a "swinger" because of recent history:
• 1996: Bill Clinton won 48% and Bob Dole won 42.3%
• 2000: George W. Bush and Al Gore each received 48.8% of the vote, with Bush winning by 537 votes.
• 2004: Bush won 52% of the vote to John Kerry's 47.1%.
• 2008: Obama won 51% to John McCain's 48.2%
Now consider the registered-voter breakdown: Democrats: 40%; Republicans: 36.1%; NPA (non-party affiliates): 20.8%
Clearly, the non-party affiliates, or independents, will be crucial to the outcome. And this brings us to one of the most important factors, according to Dr. Susan McManus, Florida's political science expert at the University of South Florida: Voter turnout.
McManus told us recently that turnout is everything. Whichever party is most effective getting their people to the polls will determine the winner.
By that criterion, the Republicans have the advantage. In the last two presidential elections, Republicans outvoted Democrats in terms of having a higher percentage of their party's registered voters vote — by 9 and 18 percentage points.
What's more, McManus says, in this year's election she is expecting the conservative, white soccer moms to turn out, whereas in 2008 many didn't vote because of Sarah Palin. Add to this Obama's approval among suburban whites in Florida is dropping precipitously.
In the end, though, as it often does, the vote is going to come down to the I-4 corridor — who wins Orange (Orlando), Osceola (Disney workers), Hillsborough (Tampa), Pinellas and Volusia (Daytona Beach) counties.
Osceola, Hillsborough and Pinellas each voted for Bush in 2004, Obama in 2008. Volusia voted Democratic in 2004 and 2008, but voted for Republican Gov. Rick Scott in 2010. Orange is always Democratic, but its margins have been shrinking.


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Buy Guard Dog (Stone Hard SEALs Book 3) on Amazon or get it for free with Kindle Unlimited
A scorching sequel to Stone Hard SEALs
Book 3 in the Stone Hard SEALs Series
Mason Steele expected to be a SEAL until the day he died. And he was. A pity they revived him. Now he's been mustered out of the Navy and his life seems wholly unsatisfying. He misses the action; he misses the camaraderie; he misses being able to use his tightly-honed skills. He's lucky to have snagged this job with GAPS—the Guardian Angel Protective Services—it provides some hope for his future. But the last thing he wants to do is babysit a spoiled heiress who is obsessed with the color of her nail polish and carries a Chihuahua in her purse.
But there's more to Pansy Hightower than can be seen at first glance. She's smart, sassy and determined to save the business her late mother built. She resents having a guard dog and does what she can to lose her muscular shadow. But when it becomes clear that someone is targeting her—perhaps for the same kind of fatal "accident" that befell her mother, she decides having the 240 pound SEAL with killer instincts and lethal hands at her back might be a good idea after all.
Until they share a kiss, that is. Until those lethal hands prove they have other talents as well. Talents that leave her breathless and wanting and weak. The last thing either of them wants is a relationship, but the scorching passion between them cannot be denied…even though it will undoubtedly spell disaster for them both.
"All right then." Pansy's surprisingly chipper voice cut through his dismal mood. It had been mortifying admitting his weakness, his failure, especially to her. It was something of a relief that she didn't seem to understand the deep implications of his confession.
He dared a glance at her. Even bedraggled and tattered as she was, he wanted her. She shot him a bright smile. It made him glower. "All right then, what?" he muttered.
"All right, then. You'll do."
You'll do? You'll do? Irritation riffled through him. When she tipped her head and her ponytail swung, his ire blossomed.
"But I don't know about the others."
"The others are excellent." He wasn't sure why he was arguing with her. He wanted this job. He wanted to be with her. He wanted to keep her safe. And for some reason, thought of some other dude, even one of his brothers in arms, stepping into the duty rankled.
"But I don't know them."
"We'll arrange a meet." It was standard procedure…when they weren't on a covert job.
She put out a lip. God he wanted to suckle it. Maybe it would be better if someone else took over. He was far too attracted to her to keep a clear mind. "But I want you," she said.
Again, her words made something hard and needy sizzle through his bowels. He knew what she meant. He knew she was talking about her protection and not some scalding, savage coupling in the big bed in the next room that was far too close to be successfully ignored.
It was a testament to his delusional state that all he could think about was sex. All he could think about was stripping her naked and taking her here and now. That she wanted it as much as he did.
He imagined he could smell her arousal in the air, which was ridiculous.
A woman like her and a guy like him?
Yeah. Nucking futs.
"No worries. I'll be on your team. But we'll have at least three others." Two on days and two on nights. Although, if he had his way, she wouldn't be going out again. Certainly not to clubs where he couldn't guarantee her safety. On that note, he fixed her with a dark look. "We need to talk about security. You're going to have to make some lifestyle changes until this threat is contained."
"Like what?"
"Like going out in public."
"I have a business to run."
"Is that what they call it? Partying all night with entitled socialites like Monique Dupree?" He didn't mean to snarl it as he did. But it hardly mattered. She was utterly unaffected by his ferocity.
"Those entitled socialites are my customer base. More than that. They are my influencers."
He had no idea what that meant. "Too many people. Too many blind spots. We need to keep you in controllable environments." Like this hotel. Like this suite. That bed…
"Controllable environments?"
Again with the pouting lip. God. It was driving him crazy.
With a grunt, he pushed to his feet—ignoring the sharp string of yips this elicited from Ratacus—and prowled to the wall of windows, pulling back the curtains and peering out at the night in a pretense of assessing any potential hazards. Her suite was on the thirtieth floor. Doubtful anyone would enter from the balcony. Still, he checked the lock on the door. Probably wouldn't hurt to install a door brace on the front door. He strode back to the foyer and jiggled the handle. Yeah, definitely a brace. He made a mental note of other upgrades the suite needed, of the things he needed to check. First order of business was to sweep for any bugs and check for hidden cameras.
He glanced over at Pansy and immediately revised his priorities. She was leaning back with her head resting on the sofa, her eyes closed. Her face was a cameo of perfection, but it was wreathed in exhaustion. First order of business was to get her to bed.
Lust lanced him.
No. Get her in bed.
By herself.
So she could sleep.
Aw, hell.
His gaze skated over her and he took in the rips in her dress, the scrapes on her legs and the dirt smudging her cheek. He should have tended to her wounds right off the bat. He should have seen to her comfort. He should have—
An ominous clicking sound and a sudden riffle of movement near his ankles captured his attention and he glanced down.
Lola, in her pink tutu glared up at him, her lip curled over impressively pointy teeth. Mason tipped his head to the side and met her challenging gaze with one of his own. It said: Really? Whatcha gonna do, Ratacus?
He probably shouldn't have.
She lifted her leg.
And peed on his boots.
"Son of a bitch." He didn't mean to boom as he leaped back, but he did. Pansy shot up, her eyes wide. "What?" she cried. "What is it?"
He shot her a contrite look. "Your dog peed on my boots."
"She does that." Pansy huffed a sigh and headed for the powder room to grab a hand towel. "One of the reasons I don't date." She knelt before him and mopped up the puddle.
He should have stooped to help her, but honestly, he couldn't. He couldn't move to save his life. Because there she was, kneeling before him, with her head so close…
A scintillating thought, a captivating vision, a scalding need rose like the hydra. That, and a lowering realization.
He was a pervert. A goddamn pervert.
She was cleaning his fucking boots for God's sake.
"You need a shower."
Right. No idea why he blurted that.
Well, maybe one idea. He desperately needed her to stand. To move away, before he lost his mind and did something insane and necessary, like pull her closer.
She looked up at him. He forced himself to step away, he had to. Or his erection might have brushed her cheek.
And that would have been a disaster.
"Yeah. Um. You're all banged up. We should get some antiseptic on those scrapes. Do you have a first aid kit?"
She said nothing so he glanced at her. That she was staring at his crotch sent a bolt of lightning through him. Her tongue peeped out and she lifted her gaze. He could have sworn he saw something simmering there. He tried mightily to ignore it.
Surely it wasn't what he thought. Imagined. Ached for.
"Do you? Have a first aid kit?"
She shook her head. "I have no idea." Nearly a whisper.
"I'll call the concierge." This was a penthouse suite. Surely there was a concierge. "Why don't you go…um, clean up and I'll call down for something."
She stood slowly, holding his gaze. Something about her, her energy, her intensity, had shifted. It made him antsy. It made him restless. It made him hungry. She turned around—his heart sank—but then she said, softly, with a tentative quiver to her voice, "Could you unzip me?"
Holy. Fuck.
She peeped at him over her shoulder. Her eyes, so beautiful and blue, bore into his. "I can't do it myself."
He was certain she could. She was a grown woman. She'd been dressing—and undressing—herself for years. But he couldn't refuse. Not when she asked so politely. "S-sure." Hopefully she missed the stutter.
She could not have missed the fact that his fingers shook as he tried to grasp the tiny teardrop at the top of her zipper. Why the fuck did it have to be so tiny? It took forever for him to make the long journey down her spine, partly because the damn zipper kept catching and partly because he really wanted to savor the journey. As it advanced, more and more of her creamy skin was exposed. He wanted nothing more than to place his palm on her, to stroke her. To feel the heat of her skin against this.
But she'd asked him to unzip her. Not make a move.
It was a damn good thing he'd developed indomitable willpower as a SEAL. Denying himself things crucial to his being—air, water, food—was par for the course in their training.
This was by far the most difficult denial of all.
When he reached the bottom of the zipper, when a hint of a crease at the base of her spine was exposed, he stepped back. Though it cost him. "There," he said.
Jesus, God. He was going to heaven for this.
He fucking better.
His restraint was nothing short of a penance.
But then…
Holy God.
But then…she shifted her shoulders and the scrap of material drifted to the floor. She shot another glance at him, something that was too much of an invitation to be misunderstood or misconstrued, and, wearing nothing but her skimpy bra and panties, padded into the bathroom.
Buy Guard Dog (Stone Hard SEALs Book 3) on Amazon or get it for free with Kindle Unlimited
Grab ALL the stories in the STONE HARD SEALS COLLECTION!
What Readers are Saying About Stone Hard SEALs
"Sabrina York knows how to write Alpha males"
"Who doesn't like hard-bodied SEALS in action?"
"I love an alpha male who fights just as hard for his woman as he does for his country."
"If you like sexy men in the military, bold women and HEA with a little danger thrown in-BUY THIS BOOK!"
"Snappy dialogue, hunky alpha heroes, plucky heroines, steamy hot sex, what more can one ask for?"
A hostage rescue mission turns Ryder "Stone" Maddox's world on its ear when he comes face-to-face with his greatest fear: A woman he cannot resist. But he has to resist Lily Wilson. He's vowed never to fall in love. Besides, as the daughter of a senator, she is definitely off-limits. Lily sees things differently. Irresistibly drawn to this hot, hard SEAL, she is determined to prove they belong together…and that her man does not have a heart of stone. (Originally published in the NYT and USA Today Bestselling Hot Alpha SEALs collection)
Drake Ronan is all man—a rock hard SEAL who doesn't need help from anyone. Doesn't need anyone. But when he's shot during a dangerous rescue mission, and has to rely on a beautiful nurse to survive, he realizes he has to rethink his resolution. Suddenly he can't imagine his life without Brandy in it. It's a damn shame she has a secret that could ruin everything.
Mason Steele expected to be a SEAL until the day he died. And he was. A pity they revived him. Now he's been mustered out of the Navy and his life seems wholly unsatisfying. He misses the action; he misses the camaraderie; he misses being able to use his tightly-honed skills. He's lucky to have snagged this job with Ryder's Stone Hard SEALs Services as a bodyguard—it provides some hope for his future. But the last thing he wants to do is babysit a spoiled heiress who is obsessed with the color of her nail polish and carries a Chihuahua in her purse.
But there's more to Pansy Hightower than can be seen at first glance. She's smart, sassy and determined to save the business her late mother built. She resents having a guard dog and does what she can to lose her muscular shadow. But when it becomes clear that someone is targeting her—perhaps for the same kind of fatal "accident" that befell her mother, she decides having the 240 pound SEAL with killer instincts and lethal hands at her back might be a good idea after all.
Until they share a kiss, that is. Until those lethal hands prove they have other talents as well. Talents that leave her breathless and wanting and weak. The last thing either of them wants is a relationship, but the scorching passion between them cannot be denied…even though it will undoubtedly spell disaster for them both.
It's insane to want him, this beautiful, strong, sexy man. Not just because her hot bodyguard is tasked with herding her safely through the exotic night markets of Hong Kong. And not just because she's his boss. But because they are worlds apart. What they have can only be a fling. It can't last forever.
But Garrett has other ideas.
Book Five: Hot Rod
A standard witness protection mission goes wrong, thrusting Matt Tate and his target, a wise-cracking hooker named Vixen LaFleur, into a fight for their lives. But flying bullets and lurking villains are not nearly as dangerous as risking the heart. Against his will, Matt is attracted to the dauntless, exasperating woman he's supposed to be protecting, but she is harboring a secret. One that could heal his wounded soul, or crush it.
Returning to his hometown to sell his hated father's ranch, the last thing Luke Grant expects to find on his first day in town is a reason to stay. But there she is, Melissa Divine. The girl he loved all those years ago.
But Melissa has changed since those innocent days. She's just escaped from a hellish marriage and wants nothing to do with any man. Especially not this big, burly alpha biker who reminds her of her ex.
Can this former SEAL change her mind before his time runs out?
Stud for Hire (Stripped Down #1)
Come Hell or High Water (Prequel #2)
Protect and Serve–Cowboy Justice (Prequel #3)
When friends share an island vacation house, wild shenanigans and romance ensues!
Laird of her Heart (Time Travel)


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When my friend Cheryl asked me if I would bake some cupcakes for her daughter's 12th birthday with 'Happy 12th Birthday Megan' iced on them I hesitated for a moment. Fairy cakes (as I knew them when I was a child) are easy to make and I've made them enough times before but those glorious cakes with billowing buttercream icing so perfectly iced sitting prettily in the shop cabinet, they were a different matter. Megan had her heart set on cupcakes for her birthday, her mum told me, and I suddenly felt the enormity of the responsibility; would my 2nd rate cupcakes ruin a little girl's big day? Eek!
But, of course, I would do anything to help a friend and I do love to bake so I set about the task with enthusiasm. My biggest worry was the writing and so I asked my friends on Twitter for advice. The best came from 5am Foodie (aka Michele) who told me she pipes letters with melted chocolate onto baking parchment and can easily peel them off to place on the cakes meaning that if she messes up she doesn't ruin the cakes. What a great idea! So that was my plan of action until, whilst shopping in a local supermarket for the cake ingredients, I spotted a set of letters and numbers made from icing. 'Would it be cheating if I were to buy them?' I pondered for a nanosecond before looking left and then right to make sure no one was watching and quickly flinging them into my basket before walking off innocently whistling.
I made my usual fairy cakes rather than the larger sized cakes more usually associated with cupcakes but I decided to really go to town on the buttercream icing, doubling my usual recipe. I don't usually pipe the icing on, instead I spoon it on and use a knife to smooth it out and so the icing I use is quite thick. I knew it would be too thick to pipe so I added milk to give it a nice piping consistency. This, however, made it taste a little milky so I added vanilla extract which took the milk taste away nicely.
Having made my icing and mixed up the colours the next step was the biggest challenge: the icing. I rolled up my sleeves and loaded up my weapon of choice – a basic icing bag with a large nozzle I believe is called a star – with girlie pink icing. Nervously I approached the first bare little cupcake which I'm sure I saw quivering in as much apprehension as me, and started piping. I held my breath as I piped round, carefully, steadily, and thrilled at how easily the icing was coming out. All was going very well…and then the cake started to move as I piped it! Round and round it went as I chased it with the piping nozzle. I just about managed to finish the cake off and then I stood back to admire my handywork. Actually it wasn't bad, not bad at all! After chasing several more cakes as I iced I worked out a knack of trapping them by the wire rack so the little suckers couldn't move any more. Once I'd done that and iced a few more cakes I got into a rhythm and – dare I say it – found it quite easy and enjoyable. I do think the trick is getting the consistency of the icing right so that it pipes with ease – then you're home dry.
As luck would have it I needed 22 cakes to spell out 'Happy 12th birthday Megan' which left 2 over – one for Rob and one for me as my reward, which I felt I'd truly earned.
Now that I've learned a new trick I'm looking forward to making cupcakes again and experimenting with different flavours and decorations. Watch this space!
The best parts of making the cakes were the joy on my friend's face when she saw them and the surprise phone call I got from her daughter thanking me for them. I was as pleased as punch after that call (or should that be as chuffed as a cupcake?).
Cupcakes (Fairy Cakes)
Makes 12
125g butter, softened
125g caster sugar
1/2 tsp vanilla extract
2 large eggs
125g self-rasing flour, sifted
1 tablespoon milk
Preheat the oven to 200˚C/fan 180˚C.
Place the butter and sugar in a medium mixing bowl or the bowl of a food mixer and cream them together until light and fluffy. Beat in the vanilla extract and then the eggs, one at a time, adding a tablespoon of the flour with each to help prevent the mixture from curdling. Mix in the milk then fold in the remaining flour until completely combined, don't beat or mix it in.
Line a 12 hole patty tin with paper cake cases and then spoon the mixture evenly into them. Bake the cakes for about 12-15 minutes, until lightly golden and springy to the touch. If your oven cooks unevenly, as many do, turn the cake tray around halfway through the cooking time. Once cooked, transfer the cakes to a wire rack to cool.
Buttercream Icing for Piping
Enough for 12 cakes.
500g icing sugar
200g butter, softened
1/2 tsp vanilla extract
Approximately 3 tablespoons milk
Food colourings of your choice
Place the icing sugar and butter in a medium mixing bowl or the bowl of a food mixer and cream them together until light, fluffy and very pale, almost white. Mix in the vanilla extract and approximately 3 tablespoons of milk until the mixture reaches the desired piping consistency. Divide the icing among little bowls and add a few drops of different coloured food colouring to each, and mix it in well. Put the icing into a piping bag and pipe it onto the cakes.


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What Odors and The Olfactory System Suggest
You encounter different smells at every moment of our lives, such that it might even be said that we live in a world of aromas, surrounded by smells from flowers, trees, foodstuffs, animals, industrial products, bacterial decay, and other human beings.
When we look at this world, made up of thousands of kinds of aromas, a rather striking equilibrium and harmony emerges: We like the smells of substances beneficial to us, and are repelled by those of harmful substances.
The smells of foodstuffs useful to the body awaken a feeling of pleasure in us, and lead us to feel hunger for them. The smell of food cooking when we are hungry encourages us to eat, and along with taking pleasure from eating, we nourish our bodies at the same time. When our bodies are busy digesting, on the other hand, and we feel no need to eat any more, then the smell of food will not seem so attractive.
Those smells we describe as unpleasant, on the other hand, are generally substances harmful to us. We can easily identify poisonous chemicals by their smell. The unbearable stench given off by rotten fruit or meat—unpleasant odors that arise as a result of bacterial activity—warn us to stay away from them.
As a mercy from God, foods that benefit the body have pleasant smells.
It's beyond dispute that this reaction to scents is of vital importance to human health. As a general rule, dangerous or harmful substances can immediately be distinguished by their noxious smells. Parsley, for example, bears a close physical resemblance to the poisonous plant hemlock, yet their smells are completely different. Parsley has a pleasant smell of its own, whereas hemlock's is very repellent. Were it not for this system, we might eat hemlock assuming it was parsley, or drink a harmful chemical concoction thinking it was fruit juice. We would live our whole lives in the danger of being poisoned and, as a precaution, would have to carry around lists of what was harmful or not.
The delicate balances seen everywhere in the universe also manifest themselves in the olfactory system. The scent-perception capacity of every living thing has been regulated in the light of the environment in which it exists and to best meet its needs. Consider human beings. If our scent-perception capability were less than it is, we might not be able to recognize dangerous situations. If our capacity were as keen as a dog's, however, then we would constantly be distracted and ill at ease, bombarded by too many stimuli.
The balances in question can also be seen in the structures of scent molecules. For example we do not like a concentrated aroma that we normally like in lower concentrations. Even though the aroma of flowers in a garden is most attractive, a concentrated essence made from those same plants is not. This indicates that these have been created in the ideal proportions for human beings.
It is clear that every detail to do with smell has been specially created for human life and is a blessing from God.
To understand the scale of that blessing, imagine that the system was the exact opposite of what it actually is. A great many foodstuffs of vital importance to us might possess unpleasant or even revolting smells. Imagine if water smelled like gasoline, bread like rotting meat, or cheese like rotten fruit. No matter how hungry or thirsty you might be, it would be a real torment to eat or drink these substances. Even eating a favorite meal would become unbearable because of its disgusting smells.
To the heedless, the odors we've lived with since birth might appear to be natural and spontaneously occurring. But if you reflect on the details set out above, you will comprehend the manifest truth: It is God, the Compassionate and Merciful, Who creates the foods and plants we need, together with their attractive smells. Our Lord, the infinitely Pure and Provident, has created our sense perception in line with our comfort, as is the case with all the systems in our bodies.
With His compassion and affection, He has caused us to like beneficial things and abhor harmful ones as unpleasant. Our duty is to reflect on the fact that God has created and blessed us with the pleasant scents we perceive, and to give thanks. Those who behave in such a way will, if God so wishes, attain the Heaven where they will encounter the true originals of such blessings. Those who deny God's blessings and are ungrateful will, on the other hand, find a mixture of pus and blood, thorns and boiling water specially prepared for them in Hell. These are divine promises revealed in the Qur'an, and are absolutely sure to come to pass.
What Odors Stemming from the Human Body Bring to Mind
Unless they take precautionary measures, if people go hungry for even a short period of time, unpleasant odors can arise from their bodies when they walk at a fast pace, climb stairs, or move about during their daily lives. Even if they do not move about much, every part from their hair to their feet will soon become dirty and lead to unpleasant smells unless they bathe and groom themselves. Just as there is a specific purpose behind the creation of everything in the universe, so there is considerable in wisdom in the odors that arise from the human body.
If God so wished, He could have created our scent-perception system in such a way that we would not notice unpleasant smells, or else have created all aromas to seem attractive to human beings. In that case, what is His wisdom behind the creation of unpleasant odors?
No doubt that they signal a weakness and a deficiency for human beings. Deficiencies of this sort in people's bodies are a means whereby they can reflect that they have been created to be imperfect, and that only God is free from all imperfection. They will better comprehend His greatness and their need of Him. No matter how well people may groom themselves, soon they will feel the need to clean themselves yet again. When bacteria too small to be seen with the naked eye go into action, unpleasant odors will again begin to form. This reminds us that the world is transient and flawed, but that the Hereafter is endless and perfect. It brings to mind the fact that there is no reparation for being taken in by this world's deceptions. It is a means of conceiving of Heaven, humanity's eternal home, where there are no unpleasant smells, and believers will be recreated. It also helps to remind us, by comparison, how unbearable will be the stenches specially prepared in Hell for the deniers.
Bad smells also remind us that human beings have no physical superiority about which to become proud or arrogant. Humans are helpless, and no matter how they may strive to eliminate that helplessness, they will never succeed. Even the most attractive actress, the most successful businessman, and the most intelligent scientist is faced by the exact same helplessness.
Roses, which emerge from the muddy earth and have no protection against wind, rain and dust, smell ineffably delightful. Sweet-smelling plants require no special cleaning, despite their remaining outside under all kinds of weather, because God has created them in an astonishing way, with a special creation. Indeed, when describing something that is beautiful, clean and well cared for, we often compare it to a flower. It is clear, therefore, how meaningless it is for anyone to be proud and arrogant.
In conclusion, for thinking people, even bad smells represent life-long lessons and reminders, like all the other proofs of creation in the millions of details in the universe. All you need is to reflect deeply upon them. In one verse, God reveals:
In the creation of the heavens and Earth, and the alternation of the night and day, and the ships which sail the seas to people's benefit, and the water which God sends down from the sky—by which He brings the earth to life when it was dead and scatters about in it creatures of every kind—and the varying direction of the winds, and the clouds subservient between heaven and Earth, there are Signs for people who use their intellect. (Surat al-Baqara: 164)
Flowers emerge from the soil and live amid dust, wind and rain, yet appear very clean and emit delightful aromas. But human beings, despite all the means at their disposal, have to wash very often.
It is He Who sends down water from the sky from which We bring forth growth of every kind, and from that We bring forth the green shoots and from them We bring forth close-packed seeds. . .
(Surat al-An'am: 99)


text:
Adding the Xerox® Global Print Driver® to your workplace means less IT involvement and less hassle for end users. There's no need to download individual printer drivers for every device in your office. The Global Print Driver is a truly universal printer driver that lets you print to virtually any printer or multifunction printer — even to those made by other manufacturers.
Xerox V3 and V4 Print Driver Platform Overview (PDF)
Our innovation, your advantage. Download it for free today.
Traditionally, to send jobs to a printer or MFP, a different printer driver was required for each device. The burden often fell on IT administrators to set up, manage and configure drivers.
Xerox Global Print Driver is a truly universal printer driver ideal for IT administrators and large companies with multiple devices. It offers:
The V3 X-GPD drivers are truly universal print drivers compatible with Xerox and other manufacturers' products, but the driver's functionality varies by product model.
For fully supported devices, the drivers will automatically recognize all the advanced printing features supported by the device and present them in the driver user interface.
All Xerox and non-Xerox devices that can process industry standard Postscript and PCL commands are compatible with these drivers in the "Basic Printing Mode". The V3 X-GPD allows for configuring "Xerox WorkCentre Device" or "Xerox FreeFlow Device" modes to ensure that additional printer capabilities are available.
The V4 X-GPD does not support FreeFlow devices but does offer two enhanced fallback modes that support the common features of most office products, these fallback modes can be selected when the driver does not automatically recognise the device: "Xerox Enhanced Mode – Colour" and "Xerox Enhanced Mode – Black & White".
Please refer to the "Xerox V3 and V4 Print Driver Platforms Overview" (PDF) for detailed information and recommendations to optimise your experience.
The list of fully compatible Xerox products can be found in the same document, by following the link below.


text:
Controversial WNY sign ordinance to be repealed; attorney calls move 'practical'
The town's Board of Commissioners took measures towards repealing a controversial ordinance banning certain types of signs, banners, and flags Wednesday night, ending a nearly half-year struggle between Mayor Felix Roque, who had said the ordinance was an effort to clean up the town's business district, and his opponents, who claimed it was a politically-motivated attack on their rights to free speech.
The repeal was introduced by a vote of 4 to 1 and will be up for final adoption at a May 15 commissioners meeting.
Though the ordinance was most hotly contested by the town's various political bodies, including the anti-Roque Residents for a Better West New York group, it became clear that business owners, who would have been forced to purchase permits to display signs that would cost up to $150 per person, would be those most affected by the measure. It was their discontent, Roque said, that caused him to reconsider the ordinance.
"We're representatives of the people," he said. "If they have problems with something, we have to take that into account."
Town Attorney Gilberto Garcia said in a phone interview Thursday morning that the decision to repeal the ordinance came after Assemblywoman Angelica Jimenez (D-West New York) successfully filed petitions to have the ordinance placed on the ballot of a special election that would be held in July. The cost of such an election, said Garcia, would outweigh the benefits of implementing the ordinance.
"A special election just for this one issue, which is really not all that important, could cost the town anywhere from $70,000 to $100,000," he said. "At the end of the day we have to be practical."
Jimenez said she considered the repeal to be a major victory for the town's business owners.
"I'm extremely proud of the work of the many residents who helped stop this controversial law," she said in a statement. "This is a great victory for the town's merchants but also for the freedom of speech of all West New York residents."
Still, it remains to be seen whether Roque's conciliatory actions would be followed by other steps to repair the town's broken political system, which was thrust into the spotlight last week when Commissioner Count Wiley announced the official start of an effort to recall Roque, who was indicted on hacking charges last May and will go on trial next month.
But Wiley, Jimenez, and Frank Ferreiro, who heads the Residents for a Better West New York, have all portrayed Roque as a leader unable to take criticism. Ferreiro, who owns the mobile advertising business TV on Wheels and had been using those trucks to display anti-Roque propaganda, has said since February that the ordinance was aimed specifically at him.
However, Garcia said that in the spirit of compromise, he hoped the repeal of the ordinance would signal the start of a new chapter in West New York politics.
"You know, the mayor said it last night, and I really think he's right. We do everything on a competitive level, and everyone is very adversarial with each other," said Garcia. "This was never meant to be something that was supposed to be made political."
WNY middle school evacuated after Facebook bomb threat 'prank'
More than 800 students were evacuated from West New York Middle School Tuesday morning after the school's principal was notified of a bomb threat made on Facebook, according to Superintendent of Schools John Fauta.
Students were relocated to the nearby Memorial High School while bomb-sniffing dogs from around the area swept the school, eventually clearing it for reentry by around 1:30 p.m., said Fauta.
"It was definitely a prank, just a joke, but the police are investigating. They are looking into the source of the threat to see if they can figure out where it came from," said Fauta.
Fauta said that the principal, Israel Rodriguez, was notified of the threat by a student around 10 a.m., at which point evacuation procedures were immediately executed. Fauta said in a brief phone interview this morning that he was pleased with the response of the students, faculty and administration.
"We practice this every month. We're required by the state statute," he said. "Most of the kids thought it was just practice, and everything went very well."
Fauta said that he visited the school Wednesday morning to commend the students and faculty on their performance during the evacuation, and advised "any students that were feeling a little shaky" about the various counseling opportunities the district offers.
Report: Union City man killed after being struck by tree
According to an article in the Record, a Union City man was looking for his golf ball next to a golf course in Alpine, N.J. when he was struck and killed by a falling tree on Sunday.
The story explains, "The 60-year-old golfer, identified as Sung K. Paik of Union City, was a guest of an unidentified club member, according to Alpine police Capt. Michael LaViola."
The tree was being cut down in a private residence. Paik apparently wandered into the yard to look for his ball.
The police captain said that the workers yelled at him to go back, but they had already sliced through the tree, and it was falling.
The story says: "Paik's companion, a dentist, tried to administer CPR, LaViola said, and another golfer on the course, who happened to be a physician, rushed over to help with the CPR." But Paik was pronounced dead on arrival.
Arts @ St. John's presents Concert on the Cliffs today
A smattering of Blues, Soul, Americana and funky New Orleans-style R&B artists will be on hand in Union City Sunday night for the Arts @ St. John's Concert on the Cliffs. The concert, the first of its kind to be put on by the arts collective that has occupied the church since it closed in 2010, will be held at 5 p.m. on Sunday at the church, which is located at 1516 Palisade Ave. in Union City.
Brian Mitchell, Lisa Mills and Christine Santelli will headline the event and will be joined by special guests Mike Frensley and Adam Ahl.
Mills, who hails from Alabama by the way of Mississippi, has "a stunning voice that comes over like a full-throated Otis Redding with some Muscle Shoals soul and Nashville country touches for good measure."
Mitchell, a multitalented musician has gained considerable notoriety in music industry circles and beyond for both his solo career and his high-profile collaborations recording and performing with some of music's most respected artists including Bob Dylan, Al Green, Rosanne Cash, BB King, Levon Helm, and Allen Toussaint.
Santelli has toured around the world and has released eight albums throughout her career. Her most recent album, "Dragonfly" was chosen as 2012 Album of the Year by Deep Roots Magazine.
Tickets for the concert cost $17 online (www.brownpapertickets.com/event/365170) and $22 at the door. Food is included in the price.
Hudson River PAC to hold next concert this Wednesday
The Hudson River Performing Arts Center will present the penultimate concert of its lunchtime UBS Atrium Series this Wednesday, April 24 at 12:30 p.m. when it hosts the New York City-based Gypsy/jazz/Latin fusion group Ljova and the Kontraband this weekend. The concert will be held in the atrium of the UBS building in Weehawken, located at 1000 Harbor Boulevard.
The ensemble explores Gypsy and Eastern European melodies, Latin rhythms, Jazz-inspired improvisations, and deeply rooted Classic forms, all given new meaning through original compositions that forge a new direction, with a nostalgic gaze towards the past.
The band was founded by the maverick film composer, arranger and violinist Lev "Ljova" Zhurbin, who has dug deep into his roots to create a cross-cultural sound that is at once beautifully melodic and intelligent. Ljova, who has been hailed by the New York Times as "one of New York's finest rising composers and instrumentalists," is inspired by his collaborations with diverse and world-class artists such as Yo-Yo Ma, Osvaldo Golijov, the Kronos Quartet, and the rapper Jay-Z, among others.
Since making its debut in June 2006, the ensemble has performed at venues such as New York's Lincoln Center, The Kennedy Center, The Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Colorado Music Festival, the Museum of Modern Art, and the Brooklyn Academy of Music.
WNY Early Childhood Program to hold community health fair Wednesday
The West New York Early Childhood Program will hold a community health fair for children and adults this Wednesday, April 24, at the Early Childhood School located at 5204 Hudson Ave., from 4:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.
The entrance to the building is on 53rd Street.
Various services will be available, including free cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose screenings, vision screenings, cancer awareness information, information on eating healthy, information on health insurance, food pantry information.
Identification cards will also be given to children free of charge. Various healthcare and community organizations will be in attendance to answer questions.


text:
A Haiti Fundraiser with Complimentary New Book by Eileen R. Tabios
Marsh Hawk Press has teamed up with Meritage Press to provide a poetry fundraiser for Haiti Relief.
Those who order five or more "Hay(na)ku for Haiti" booklets from Meritage Press' Open Palm Press will also receive a complimentary copy of Eileen R. Tabios' latest Marsh Hawk Press book, THE THORN ROSARY: Selected Prose Poems & New, edited by Thomas Fink.
As five booklets are available for $15 and Ms. Tabios' book retails for $19.95, we hope poetry lovers will find this offer an attractive way to contribute to Haiti relief. The following provides details on this Haiti fundraiser:
Open Palm Press
(an imprint of Meritage Press)
is pleased to announce the series:
Hay(na)ku for Haiti
-- a fundraiser for Haiti, edited by Eileen R. Tabios and blessed by support from chapbookpublisher.com.
Poets who write in the hay(na)ku form (about which more information is available at http://haynakupoetry.blogspot.com) have consented to create hay(na)ku for helping Haiti's recovery efforts. The results are to be released as "pocket poem booklets" by Open Palm Press. Each will be sold for $3.00, reflecting the hay(na)ku's three lines, with all proceeds to be donated for Haiti relief.
The series begins with:
#1: PARTICLE AND WAVE and FROM THE CHAIR, two hay(na)ku sequences by Jean Vengua
#2: On A Pyre: An Ars Poetica by Eileen R. Tabios
#3: Hay(na)ku for Haiti by Tom Beckett
#4: when the earth moves by Lars Palm
#5: After René Depestre's "My Definition of Poetry", as translated by Edwidge Danticat, with lines at the end by Lafcadio Hearn by John Bloomberg-Rissman.
#6: Mrs. Quake by Nicole Mauro
#7: Through Having Been, Vol. 1 by William Allegrezza
#8: Through Having Been, Vol. 2 by William Allegrezza
#9: blonde topography: a terse set of tercets by steve dalachinsky
#10: Drop, Portion and Assignment by Peg Duthie
#11: As I Speed to Your Place by Amanda Laughtland
#12: REBIRTH by Cynthia M. Phillips
#13: in articulate concision of appendices by David C. Kopaska-Merkel
#14:from Delicacies in FRACTUS CORPUS by Ric Carfagna (Vol. 1), Hay(na)ku-ed Translations by Eileen Tabios
#15: Last word is the poet's calling by Aileen Ibardaloza
#16: Times in Rhymes, Ruins by Jon Curley
Over time, more releases will occur as it is anticipated that Haiti's relief requirements will be prolonged and deep. Poets interested in exploring the hay(na)ku through this fundraising effort may contact the series editor at email@example.com
"H for H" booklets are lovingly produced by http://chapbookpublisher.com on lilac-colored paper to fit, at 2.75" x 4.5 X 2", on an open palm -- ideal for giving engagements.
To order some or all of the series, please send checks made out to "Meritage Press" for $3 per booklet and send to
Eileen Tabios
Meritage Press
256 North Fork Crystal Springs Rd.
St. Helena, CA 94574
This offer is also available to non-U.S. residents, but with extra arrangements required for international shipping.
For more information, including on international orders: email@example.com
Mischievoice, March 10, 2010: Review of Hay(na)ku for Haiti by Lars Palm
AT: http://larspalm.wordpress.com/2010/03/10/reading-haiti/
Galatea Resurrects No. 15, Dec. 5, 2010: Review of Hay(na)ku for Haiti by Jim McCrary
AT: http://galatearesurrection15.blogspot.com/2010/12/haynaku-for-haiti.html
Tribute-Airy, Jan. 1, 2011: Review of Hay(na)ku for Haiti by Allen Bramhall
AT: http://tribute-airy.blogspot.com/2011/01/haynaku-for-haiti.html
Sunday, February 21, 2010
Posted by EILEEN at 6:55 AM
1 comment:
- EILEEN said...
Update for the Project is posted at
- January 12, 2011 at 9:13 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
|/* Induction variable canonicalization.
|Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|This file is part of GCC.
|GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
|under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
|Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
|later version.
|GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
|ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
|FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
|for more details.
|You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|along with GCC; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
|Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
|/* This pass detects the loops that iterate a constant number of times,
|adds a canonical induction variable (step -1, tested against 0)
|and replaces the exit test. This enables the less powerful rtl
|level analysis to use this information.
|This might spoil the code in some cases (by increasing register pressure).
|Note that in the case the new variable is not needed, ivopts will get rid
|of it, so it might only be a problem when there are no other linear induction
|variables. In that case the created optimization possibilities are likely
|to pay up.
|Additionally in case we detect that it is beneficial to unroll the
|loop completely, we do it right here to expose the optimization
|possibilities to the following passes. */
|#include "config.h"
|#include "system.h"
|#include "coretypes.h"
|#include "tm.h"
|#include "tree.h"
|#include "rtl.h"
|#include "tm_p.h"
|#include "hard-reg-set.h"
|#include "basic-block.h"
|#include "output.h"
|#include "diagnostic.h"
|#include "tree-flow.h"
|#include "tree-dump.h"
|#include "cfgloop.h"
|#include "tree-pass.h"
|#include "ggc.h"
|#include "tree-chrec.h"
|#include "tree-scalar-evolution.h"
|#include "params.h"
|#include "flags.h"
|#include "tree-inline.h"
|/* Adds a canonical induction variable to LOOP iterating NITER times. EXIT
|is the exit edge whose condition is replaced. */
|static void
|create_canonical_iv (struct loop *loop, edge exit, tree niter)
|edge in;
|tree cond, type, var;
|block_stmt_iterator incr_at;
|enum tree_code cmp;
|if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
|fprintf (dump_file, "Added canonical iv to loop %d, ", loop->num);
|print_generic_expr (dump_file, niter, TDF_SLIM);
|fprintf (dump_file, " iterations.\n");
|cond = last_stmt (exit->src);
|in = EDGE_SUCC (exit->src, 0);
|if (in == exit)
|in = EDGE_SUCC (exit->src, 1);
|/* Note that we do not need to worry about overflows, since
|type of niter is always unsigned and all comparisons are
|just for equality/nonequality -- i.e. everything works
|with a modulo arithmetics. */
|type = TREE_TYPE (niter);
|niter = fold (build2 (PLUS_EXPR, type,
|build_int_cst (type, 1)));
|incr_at = bsi_last (in->src);
|create_iv (niter,
|fold_convert (type, integer_minus_one_node),
|NULL_TREE, loop,
|&incr_at, false, NULL, &var);
|cmp = (exit->flags & EDGE_TRUE_VALUE) ? EQ_EXPR : NE_EXPR;
|COND_EXPR_COND (cond) = build2 (cmp, boolean_type_node,
|build_int_cst (type, 0));
|modify_stmt (cond);
|/* Computes an estimated number of insns in LOOP. */
|tree_num_loop_insns (struct loop *loop)
|basic_block *body = get_loop_body (loop);
|block_stmt_iterator bsi;
|unsigned size = 1, i;
|for (i = 0; i < loop->num_nodes; i++)
|for (bsi = bsi_start (body[i]); !bsi_end_p (bsi); bsi_next (&bsi))
|size += estimate_num_insns (bsi_stmt (bsi));
|free (body);
|return size;
|/* Tries to unroll LOOP completely, i.e. NITER times. LOOPS is the
|loop tree. COMPLETELY_UNROLL is true if we should unroll the loop
|even if it may cause code growth. EXIT is the exit of the loop
|that should be eliminated. */
|static bool
|try_unroll_loop_completely (struct loops *loops ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
|struct loop *loop,
|edge exit, tree niter,
|bool completely_unroll)
|unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT n_unroll, ninsns, max_unroll;
|tree old_cond, cond, dont_exit, do_exit;
|if (loop->inner)
|return false;
|if (!host_integerp (niter, 1))
|return false;
|n_unroll = tree_low_cst (niter, 1);
|max_unroll = PARAM_VALUE (PARAM_MAX_COMPLETELY_PEEL_TIMES);
|if (n_unroll > max_unroll)
|return false;
|if (n_unroll)
|if (!completely_unroll)
|return false;
|ninsns = tree_num_loop_insns (loop);
|if (n_unroll * ninsns
|> (unsigned) PARAM_VALUE (PARAM_MAX_COMPLETELY_PEELED_INSNS))
|return false;
|if (exit->flags & EDGE_TRUE_VALUE)
|dont_exit = boolean_false_node;
|do_exit = boolean_true_node;
|dont_exit = boolean_true_node;
|do_exit = boolean_false_node;
|cond = last_stmt (exit->src);
|if (n_unroll)
|old_cond = COND_EXPR_COND (cond);
|COND_EXPR_COND (cond) = dont_exit;
|modify_stmt (cond);
|if (!tree_duplicate_loop_to_header_edge (loop, loop_preheader_edge (loop),
|loops, n_unroll, NULL,
|COND_EXPR_COND (cond) = old_cond;
|return false;
|COND_EXPR_COND (cond) = do_exit;
|modify_stmt (cond);
|if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
|fprintf (dump_file, "Unrolled loop %d completely.\n", loop->num);
|return true;
|/* Adds a canonical induction variable to LOOP if suitable. LOOPS is the loops
|tree. CREATE_IV is true if we may create a new iv. COMPLETELY_UNROLL is
|true if we should do complete unrolling even if it may cause the code
|growth. If TRY_EVAL is true, we try to determine the number of iterations
|of a loop by direct evaluation. Returns true if cfg is changed. */
|static bool
|canonicalize_loop_induction_variables (struct loops *loops, struct loop *loop,
|bool create_iv, bool completely_unroll,
|bool try_eval)
|edge exit = NULL;
|tree niter;
|niter = number_of_iterations_in_loop (loop);
|if (TREE_CODE (niter) == INTEGER_CST)
|exit = loop->single_exit;
|if (!just_once_each_iteration_p (loop, exit->src))
|return false;
|/* The result of number_of_iterations_in_loop is by one higher than
|we expect (i.e. it returns number of executions of the exit
|condition, not of the loop latch edge). */
|niter = fold (build2 (MINUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (niter), niter,
|build_int_cst (TREE_TYPE (niter), 1)));
|/* If the loop has more than one exit, try checking all of them
|for # of iterations determinable through scev. */
|if (!loop->single_exit)
|niter = find_loop_niter (loop, &exit);
|/* Finally if everything else fails, try brute force evaluation. */
|if (try_eval
|&& (chrec_contains_undetermined (niter)
||| TREE_CODE (niter) != INTEGER_CST))
|niter = find_loop_niter_by_eval (loop, &exit);
|if (chrec_contains_undetermined (niter)
||| TREE_CODE (niter) != INTEGER_CST)
|return false;
|if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
|fprintf (dump_file, "Loop %d iterates ", loop->num);
|print_generic_expr (dump_file, niter, TDF_SLIM);
|fprintf (dump_file, " times.\n");
|if (try_unroll_loop_completely (loops, loop, exit, niter, completely_unroll))
|return true;
|if (create_iv)
|create_canonical_iv (loop, exit, niter);
|return false;
|/* The main entry point of the pass. Adds canonical induction variables
|to the suitable LOOPS. */
|canonicalize_induction_variables (struct loops *loops)
|unsigned i;
|struct loop *loop;
|for (i = 1; i < loops->num; i++)
|loop = loops->parray[i];
|if (loop)
|canonicalize_loop_induction_variables (loops, loop, true, false, true);
|/* Clean up the information about numbers of iterations, since brute force
|evaluation could reveal new information. */
|scev_reset ();
|#if 0
|/* The necessary infrastructure is not in yet. */
|if (changed)
|cleanup_tree_cfg_loop ();
|/* Unroll LOOPS completely if they iterate just few times. */
|tree_unroll_loops_completely (struct loops *loops)
|unsigned i;
|struct loop *loop;
|bool changed = false;
|for (i = 1; i < loops->num; i++)
|loop = loops->parray[i];
|if (!loop)
|changed |= canonicalize_loop_induction_variables (loops, loop,
|false, true,
|/* Clean up the information about numbers of iterations, since complete
|unrolling might have invalidated it. */
|scev_reset ();
|#if 0
|/* The necessary infrastructure is not in yet. */
|if (changed)
|cleanup_tree_cfg_loop ();


text:
799 Main Street (Route 6A) Dennis, MA 02638
One hard working man!
Visit the Scargo Alumni Facebook Group
« Back to Scargo Alumni
Employment Opportunities »
799 Main St (Route 6A)
Dennis, MA 02638
Get directions.
Make on-line reservations here or call us at 508.385.8200
Sorry, we cannot accept email reservations. Learn about casual, walk-in dining options here.
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Dinner 4pm-9pm
(later in-season)
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text:
Completely redesigned, the Beats Studio over-ear headphones are even lighter, stronger, and more comfortable, and more precise than the original world-famous design. They deliver powerful, re-engineered sound alone with Adaptive Noise Canceling, a 20-hour rechargeable battery, and Remote Talk controls. Features: Beats by Dr. Dre Studio Headphones with mic Full size Wireless Bluetooth Active noise cancelling Titanium For iPad (3rd generation); iPad 1; 2; iPad Air; iPad Air 2; iPad mini; iPad mini 2; 3; iPad with Retina display (4th generation); iPhone 3G, 3GS, 4, 4S, 5, 5c, 5s, 6, 6 Plus; iPod (4G, 5G); iPod classic; iPod mini; iPod nano; iPod shuffle (1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G); iPod touch (1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G) Specification: Cable - Detachable Cable: Yes Connections - Connector Type: Headphones ( mini-phone stereo 3.5 mm 4-pole ) General - Colour: Titanium General - Height: 20.3 cm General - Product Type: Headphones - Bluetooth General - Recommended Use: Portable electronics General - Weight: 260 g Headphones - Active Noise Canceling: Yes Headphones - Connectivity Technology: Wireless - Bluetooth Headphones - Foldable: Yes Headphones - Frequency Response: 20 - 20000 Hz Headphones - Headphones Form Factor: Full size Headphones - Integrated Microphone: Yes Headphones - Sound Output Mode: Stereo Microphone - Type: On-cable Miscellaneous - Cables Included: Audio cable - external, USB charge cable - external, Microphone cable - external Miscellaneous - Included Accessories: Hard case, cleaning cloth Power - Battery: Headphone battery - rechargeable Power - Power Device: Power adapter - external Power - Run Time (Up To): 20 hour(s) Remote Control - Controls: Volume, answer/end, play/pause, next/previous track Wireless Link - Transmission Range: 9 m
^ Beats by Dr. Dre: Studio Wireless Over-Ear Headphones - Titanium, Beats by Dr. Dre. Zavvi. UPC 848447010325 (revised Jun 2023)


text:
A surfer wouldn't dream of tackling icy waters without the cozy cocoon of a neoprene wet suit. This synthetic rubber material is form-fitting and resilient, not to mention warm and water-resistant.
It is also the surprise star of the fashion season, with top designers taking the fabric out of the water and putting it on the runways. With its strong and defined lines, spongy neoprene creates architectural shapes with a futuristic finish.
Further distancing neoprene from its typical sporty use, designers are fashioning bonded versions by fusing it with brushed felt, wool, and velvet.
From 3.1 Phillip Lim's sweatshirts to J Brand's 801 Scuba jeans, casual becomes, surprisingly, a bit more refined with neoprene. T by Alexander Wang's pleated skirt and Faith Connection's butterfly-print dress take the next step into formal wear, while the material's flexibility is celebrated in Reed Krakoff's leather and neoprene ankle boots and Emporio Armani's boots in PVC and neoprene velvet.
"Neoprene is body sculptural. It adds shape to the garment and moves with the body," says Jane Chung, executive vice president of design for DKNY. "It adds an element of sport, taking basics and making them modern."
It's also a versatile fabric with a lot of dimensions.
"Cut in a sleek jacket, it can look sporty," says Kristen Uekermann, style watcher and founder of TheBoston
Fashionista.com. "As an architectural dress, it looks futuristic. As a pencil skirt, it can look sleek and sophisticated, and as skinny pants it looks sexy and modern."
Uekermann has been eyeing the sculptural iridescent seamed waist dress by Cynthia Rowley for her own closet. Rowley, the uncrowned queen of neoprene, has long loved surfing so using the wet-suit material in her line was a natural transition. Futuristic and funky but still wearable, the bonded stretch leggings are her latest neoprene style gambit.
Giorgio Armani is getting his feet wet with his first use of neoprene. Emporio Armani's AW13 Kajal collection is full of exciting structure for men and women. Local style expert Erica Corsano recently cohosted a fashion show at the store's Copley Place location that featured rough-cut neoprene bonded with velvet in deep green, aubergine, and ruby skirts, peacoats, and dresses.
"I like the form-hugging fit it creates. It can be quite ladylike when used for a feminine, curve-hugging dress," she says of the material. "It's a sporty material, so it makes sense that designers would also use it for sporty looks for men."
The material isn't going away anytime soon. Several designers, including John Galliano and Pucci showed it on the runways for their Spring 2014 collections.
"In a world of trends that are simply ridiculous for everyday life in the real world, this is a trend that Bostonians can easily embrace," says Uekermann. "Neoprene is comfortable, warm, and, when cut into classic shapes, easy to wear and style."
Cheryl Fenton can be reached at email@example.com.


text:
Ryerson Rams Womens VBall 08-09 Archive
This archival gallery features my best shots of the Ryerson Rams women's vball team taken throughout the entire 08-09 season. I photographed three pre-season tournaments and 9 regular season matches. The images are more or less in chronological order, starting with the late season games and proceeding back in time from there.Read More