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== Ownership and Conglomeration ==
== Ownership and Conglomeration ==
Showtime is a subscription-based cable television network that is owned and operated by Showtime Networks, Inc (SNI). SNI was created in 1976, when Viacom, Inc decided to create its own
Showtime is a subscription-based cable television network that is owned and operated by Showtime Networks, Inc (SNI). SNI was created in 1976, when Viacom, Incdecided to create its own television network in the of Home Box Office . Viacom was once a part of the CBS Corporation, but spun off in 1971 as a syndication company due to anti-trust concerns. Showtime began airing on a few cable systems in California in 1976, and was launched nationally in 1978. In 1983 in a joint venture between Viacom International, Warner Communications, and the American Express Company, SNI merged with The Movie Channel (TMC) to form Showtime/ The Movie Channel, Inc. The three companies owned 50 percent, 40.5 percent, and 9.5 percent respectively. SNI a cable service $million .a cable called for $million.
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== Partnerships with Other Companies ==
== Partnerships with Other Companies ==
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== Roles in Production/ Distribution/ Transmission ==
== Roles in Production/ Distribution/ Transmission ==
== Scheduling and Promotional Techniques ==
== Scheduling and Promotional Techniques ==
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Showtime also works with other companies to promote their channel. For example, Showtime and iTunes are working together and offering a $25 iTunes gift card when a customer
Showtime also works with other companies to promote their channel. For example, Showtime and iTunes are working together and offering a $25 iTunes gift card when a customer Showtime.
[http://www.sho.com/site/promotions/giftcard25/home.do?source=giftcard25_myspace www.sho.com/site/promotions/giftcard25/home.do]
[http://www.sho.com/site/promotions/giftcard25/home.do?source=giftcard25_myspace www.sho.com/site/promotions/giftcard25/home.do]
There is also a Showtime app for iPhones and iTouches which allows users to stay updated with Showtimes news and shows.
There is also a Showtime app for iPhones and iTouches which allows users to stay updated with Showtimes news and shows.
[http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/showtime/id316082177?mt=8 itunes.apple.com/us/app/showtime/id316082177]
[http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/showtime/id316082177?mt=8 itunes.apple.com/us/app/showtime/id316082177]
== Signature Programming and Genre Trends ==
== Signature Programming and Genre Trends ==
Showtime produces edgy original programming with the hopes of drawing critical acclaim and media hype. Showtime's major competitor in this business model is HBO, another cable
Showtime produces edgy original programming with the hopes of drawing critical acclaim and media hype. Showtime's major competitor in this business model is HBO, another cable . In years past HBO has dominated the attention of fans and critics alike, but with the series finale of The Sopranosin 2007 Showtime took the opportunity to raise its reputation with the "." Since then, Showtime has produced many critically acclaimed shows and has a reputation for being a strong creative force in television. Ira Glass, host and executive producer of Showtime's documentary This American Life, says that executives at Showtime were "explicit in saying where they are in their business plan is that they were trying to change the way people perceive them...and the most important thing is that people know this is happening."</>http://www..com////
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Latest revision as of 12:15, 3 December 2010
Ownership and Conglomeration
Showtime is a subscription-based cable television network that is owned and operated by Showtime Networks, Inc (SNI). SNI was created in 1976, when Viacom, Inc. decided to create its own television network in the model of Home Box Office to compete in this premium channel market. Premium channels require viewers to pay an extra monthly fee in order to add the channel to their selections. One consequence of this system is that these networks can rely on subscription fees, and do not need to use traditional commercial breaks. Viacom was once a part of the CBS Corporation, but spun off in 1971 as a syndication company due to anti-trust concerns. Showtime began airing on a few cable systems in California in 1976, and was launched nationally in 1978. In 1983 in a joint venture between Viacom International, Warner Communications, and the American Express Company, SNI merged with The Movie Channel (TMC) to form Showtime/ The Movie Channel, Inc. The three companies owned 50 percent, 40.5 percent, and 9.5 percent respectively. SNI also purchased a small cable service called Spotlight for about $40 million dollars.There were talks between Viacom and a cable system operator called TCI, to sell half the firm for $225 million, but these negotiations ended when TCI began developing a now rival services, Starz.[1]
In 1990, the current CEO of Showtime, Matthew Blank was brought in to the company as president and chief operating officer of SNI. Tony Cox remained the CEO and chairman, though he left in 1995 during a restructuring of Showtime in which it became a subunit of Blockbuster Entertainment, a corporation Viacom had purchased recently. In 1996, SNI and Robert Redford launched the Sundance Channel, featuring independent and foreign films. This channel has since been bought out by ComCast. Showtime invested a few million dollars in the digital television recorder company TiVo Inc. and launched some digital channels, including a high-definition channel in the late 1990s. Showtime was one of the first companies to use HD television. By 1999, Showtime had improved significantly in its subscription totals, reaching 65% more subscribers as compared to 5 years earlier.[2]
Viacom merged with its old parent company CBS Corp. in 2000, acquiring all of its cable channels and production units under its own umbrella. Due to internal rivalries and low profits, the company decided to spit in two in 2005. The old Viacom was renamed CBS Corp. and took ownership of Showtime along with CBS and UPN Broadcast networks, among other companies.[3]Currently, Showtime is doing well, having increased by 6 million subscribers in the past 6 years up to a total of 18.2 million. [4]
Partnerships with Other Companies
Film Rights
In 1983, SNI signed a 5 year $500 million deal that gave it exclusive rights to air movies produced by Paramount Pictures. SNI would later partner with MGM, in 1993, in an exclusive seven-year deal to broadcast up to 150 of its films. SNI also partnered with New Line, TriStar, Orion, and Castle Rock at this time.[5]
Paramount's contract with Showtime ended in 2007, and in 2009 it was announced that three of Showtime's major film suppliers would be joining together to create new premium cable channel called Epix. These companies included Paramount Pictures, MGM, and Lions Gate Entertainment. Showtime has reponded by currently relying more on original programming and making deals with somewhat smaller film production companies such as with DreamWorks, Summit Entertainment, the Weinstein Co., Miramax, and CBS Films unit.[6]
Time, Inc.
In 1989, Viacom sued Time Inc. the owner of HBO, alleging that Showtime had been kept out of the cable lineup due to antitrust violations of the cable companies. A settlement was reached in 1992, that resulted in increased placement of SNI's offerings on Time's cable systems. In addition, SNI and HBO would work together on joint marketing campaigns. The first ad campaign with HBO launched in 1993. The companies spent unprecedented amounts of money on an effort to promote cable broadcasting using television, radio, and print ads.[7]
Roles in Production/ Distribution/ Transmission
In 1992, Showtime created a new unit called the Showtime Entertainment Group which was in charge of producing approximately 20 original movies per year that the network could air on its channels. This company would also produce some of Showtime's original series. Some of these films were subsequently released to US theaters in order to gain in popularity after they had aired on the channel. After the company was bought under Blockbuster, more profits were made on these films through video sales.[8]Showtime generally does not send many of its show to other channels through syndication due to their often graphic, sexual, or violent nature. However, when this does happen such as in the cases of The L Word on Logo or Dexter on CBS, the shows are often censored extensively.[9]
Scheduling and Promotional Techniques
Showtime creates its schedule based on the projected audiences. For example, Showtime tends to run its new scripted programming during primetime, when most people are home from work. Friday nights are generally filled with reruns and late night movies. Sunday nights showcase the channel's lineup of new episodes of top programs. [10] Reruns of the previous episode are frequently placed in the schedule immediately before the new episode airs, allowing audience members to recall the details of the current plot. Multiple consecutive airings of the same show also allows the channel to hook potential viewers who may be fans of other Showtime series.
Showtime also works with other companies to promote their channel. For example, Showtime and iTunes are working together and offering a $25 iTunes gift card when a customer subscribes to Showtime.
There is also a Showtime app for iPhones and iTouches which allows users to stay updated with Showtimes news and shows. These interactive and multimedia approaches work well with the young consumers who are an important part of Showtime's targeted demographic.
Advertising Techniques
Showtime does not show advertisements on its network, but focuses on drawing critical acclaim and popular buzz to keep its original programming afloat. It has a variety of promotional strategies for the shows,mentioned above, such as marketing on the Kindle and iPad, as well as provocative billboards.[11]
In 2006, Showtime launched Showtime Interactive, which is a website that allowed subscribers to watch hundreds of hours of programming and extra footage for $1.99 per show. Showtime also now offers its shows on the iTunes store. CEO Matthew Blank has stated that offering shows online is a way to advertise for the shows as well as to entice people to subscribe to the channel. Showtime had over a million streams of the premiere episode of The Tudors to promote it. Blank reports that "those dollars [from iTunes] are not material enough that they are going to change our business. But what does change our business is that it continues to build a brand. And it gives people access to our service that aren't in our family right now."[12]
Branding Strategies
Showtime has had several slogans since its start. Currently its slogan is "TV. At Its Best." This slogan is part of Showtime's brand and identity along with its abbreviation, the capital SHO. Showtime is known for the content of its original programming, and its slogan suggests that it will give the viewer consistent quality television, whereas other channels will not. AdFreak says that "Showtime knows what you really want: porn, weed, and violent psychos." [13] The risky and envelope-pushing creative choices the channel makes again reinforce the idea that Showtime does not settle for boring or artistically conventional shows. The viewer is therefore guaranteed a unique and fulfilling viewing experience that is different from what one could find on other channels, such as HBO.
Signature Programming and Genre Trends
Showtime produces edgy original programming with the hopes of drawing critical acclaim and media hype. Showtime's major competitor in this business model is HBO, another cable channel. In years past HBO has dominated the attention of fans and critics alike, but with the series finale of The Sopranos in 2007 Showtime took the opportunity to raise its reputation with the increasingly acclaimed Weeds.[14] Since then, Showtime has produced many critically acclaimed shows and has a reputation for being a strong creative force in television. Ira Glass, host and executive producer of Showtime's documentary This American Life, says that executives at Showtime were "explicit in saying where they are in their business plan is that they were trying to change the way people perceive them...and the most important thing is that people know this is happening." [15] Since Showtime airs ad-free, it does not have to aim for certain demographics in order to please advertisers. It does, however, air original programming with similar aspects in order to brand the channel. Many of the shows revolve around complicated women surrounded with controversial issues. These hot-button topics and high-profile actresses draw in audiences and then reveal the smart subtleties of the programming. Kevin Nealon, an actor on Weeds, explains fans fascination with the plot conflicts in Showtime programs: "People like to watch train wrecks...[Weeds] deals with real people and real situations, as dysfunctional as they are." [16] Shows that follow in this tradition are Dexter, The Big C, and The United States of Tara, all of which contribute to Showtime's identity as a channel.
Related Channels[17]
Showtime offers a variety of channels with different programming to target specific audiences. For example, Showtime Extreme airs boxing, martial arts, action movies, thrillers, and gangster films, serve to target an action-oriented viewer, whereas Showomen features pieces that celebrate women to appeal to the female viewer. Showtime has a number of related movie channels, the content of which takes up a good percentage of air time. The movies aired on Showtime, in conjunction with its original programming, also lend the channel a higher degree of credibility, as films and high quality shows are often seen as literary texts with immense cultural and intellectual relevance. The many different types of related channels that are available speak to the fact that now, more than ever, viewers expect the ability to choose programming that interests them and watch television on demand.
Penn & Teller: Bullshit!
Penn & Teller: Bullshit! is a reality television show that aims to debunk public myths and misconceptions with a mixture of research, interviews, magic, and comedy. It is Showtime's longest running serial, on the air since 2003 and currently airing its eighth season. [18] Penn Jillette and Teller have been working together for over thirty years, and recently celebrated their Las Vegas magic show's tenth anniversary and its renewal to run through 2013. [19] The duo have also produced several documentaries, written books, and are favorites as talk show guests.
The typical format the show follows includes interviews with those who have made a business out of the topic at hand, such as astronomy or alternative medical practices. Interviews with scientists and experts who decry these practices are then shown, with voiceover narration by Penn. Penn and Teller both perform magic tricks, skits, and experiments to entertain and emphasize their point. Teller does not talk during the program, providing a funny complementary character for Penn, whose commentary is unrestrained and often vulgar. The show ends with a plea to audience members to be aware of what they believe and consume. [20]
For example, the ninth episode of the seventh season, which aired in 2009, focused on stress and the lucrative market that has developed to relieve it. The show follows three stressed people who go to an aromatherapist, an alternative medicine doctor, and a spa. In between documentary-styled takes, Penn and Teller put on skits and magic tricks. They usually stand or sit in front of a green screen, and the style is very minimalist and kitschy, which exaggerates the comedy and the honesty of the show. At the end of the show, Penn and Teller have debunked the myths of stress relief, and warned people against paying top dollar for ineffective treatments. Penn then instructs the camera crew to leave, the lighting to be dimmed, and the teleprompter to be turned off, in order to reduce his workplace stress. This serves to underline the humor in believing that all stress is negative, while revealing all the behind-the-scenes contrivances to make the viewer feel included and trusting of the show.
Target Audience
This program aims to reach a young, liberal, savvy audience with a sense of humor and an appreciation for performance. The show is often controversial, "debunking" topics like religion, college, and organic food with the use of profanity and sometimes nudity. Showtime brags that "no matter how popular a form of bullshit is — and regardless of what deep pockets or beloved figures support it — Penn & Teller are pit bulls for the truth, poised to tear down these myths in the most jaw-dropping fashion possible with their trademark wit and off-center comic sensibilities."[21] As a result, there is a lot of debate over the appropriateness of the show, which functions to entice curious viewers, as well as keep the show in the public eye. Both Penn and Teller espouse a libertarian viewpoint, and so naturally viewers with similar political backgrounds will feel a kinship with the magician/comedians' conclusions. However, the show's target audience includes all people who think critically and are not easily offended. Showtime has branded Penn and Teller as "the bad boys of magic." [22] This reputation attracts a young, liberal, intellectual audience that is economically valuable and appreciates the feeling of being above the tricks and deceptions of today.
Showtime's website advertises Penn & Teller: Bullshit! as a show in which "veteran producer Mark Wolper, Executive Producer Star Price and renowned master showmen Penn & Teller deliver a high-octane, weird, wacky, entertaining journey through some bizarre territory that no one else is brave enough to touch." [23] This pride and promotion of the show as being one with subject matter that no other channel or show is "brave enough to touch," enhances Showtime's reputation as a groundbreaking channel that speaks to a savvy and progressive audience. This aggressive, sometimes gratuitously profane approach paradoxically builds trust between the viewers and the performers, and consequently between the viewers and Showtime.
Cultural Meanings
The show's title is a way of signaling to potential viewers the tone of the show, and piquing curiosity in its content. However, the profanity in the program's name also makes advertising difficult. Cable providers list the show in several ways, including Penn & Teller: Bulls...!, Penn & Teller: Bullsh*t! and Penn & Teller: BS!. Penn and Teller originally had no interest in using profanity, and wanted to title the show Humbug, to relate their critical thinking skills and skepticism of accepted traditional thinking. However, show producers believed thatBullshit! would have more shock value and unique appeal. Penn has expressed frustration with the title, and in his radio show he sometimes refers to the television series as Bushlit. [24]
Penn, however, also introduced another reason for the show's title and frequent use of profanity: legalities. He said, "'It's also a legal matter. If one calls people 'liars' and 'quacks' one can be sued and lose a lot of one's money. But 'motherfuckers' and 'assholes' is pretty safe."[25] Presenting the show as opinion, with numerous funny interludes paradoxically helps to tackle controversial topics in sensitive ways. With its over-the-top style, Penn & Teller allow people room to disagree with them and use comedy as a tool to reveal the truth to the public. In an overly sensitive and politically correct society, Penn and Teller break through television conventions of what is appropriate by espousing their own opinions along with a mixture of comedy and magic tricks. The show represents the public's desire to be given the truth and be treated as knowledgable consumers. The show's approach to this desire pushes the envelope in a classic Showtime manner.
Penn and Teller often reveal the mechanisms of their magic tricks, an unusual thing for magicians to do. They do this to acknowledge the intelligence of the audience and encourage critical thinking among their viewers. This is a way of sharing in the magic and addressing the audience honestly, allowing their tricks to entertain without deceiving.
The show's portrayal of women in the episode "Stress," is offensive unless viewed as strictly satirical. A woman is shown nude next to Penn, in order to allow him a quip. This is an example of how the show makes fun of cheaply manufactured entertainment that proves highly lucrative for the perpetrators. However, the show runs the risk of being misunderstood by viewers, and promoting a misogynist point of view. These satirical strategies inflame some viewers. In 2006, a complaint was filed that the full name of the show, usually censored to appear as BullSh*t, appeared alongside the Viacom logo in an advertisement. [26] These kinds of problems have been common in the history of the show, but function to promote Showtime as an edgy, risk-taking channel.
Penn & Teller: Bullshit! airs on Sundays at 11: 30, after Californication and before Look, a new series that Penn recently promoted in his "Penn Point" podcast.[27] However, Teller said in an interview recently that "we are in the process of making a decision to continue with Showtime or move on to a new show on Discovery." [28]
Dexter is a Showtime original series about a man who works as a blood spatter analyst for the Miami Metro Police Department. He is also a psycho serial murderer who only kills criminals. It is currently in its fifth season. The show is critically acclaimed and has been nominated for a number of awards. Michael Hall, the actor who portrays Dexter, has won a Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Television Drama. The average episode of Dexter is composed of Dexter juggling his police work (catching the major villain of the season), his family life (his marriage, kids, and sister), and his urges to kill (generally a new villain that Dexter takes care of, so to speak, every episode).
Target Audience
Dexter is a unique program that takes elements of a number of different genres such as crime drama, action, and even comedy and mashes them together. It appeals to a wide target audience including young people through middle aged adults. It has enough action and suspense to satisfy the most hardened watcher of crime dramas, yet enough romance and intrigue to keep melodrama enthusiasts interested. It is an edgy and risk-taking show which attracts new-age, 'hip' watchers as well. Showtime's ex-President of Entertainment, Robert Greenblatt has stated, "I thought at best we would attract a devoted cult audience but soon realized that, ironically, this show is so thematically rich and layered with humanity that audiences of all kinds have flocked to it."[29]
Cultural Meanings
Dexter takes place in Miami. Consequently, there is a good deal of Latino influence on the show. Many characters, from co-workers at the police station to the criminals are Latinos. Since these characters are given a range of motivations and "good" and "bad" labels, the race as a whole is not portrayed in a negative light. Their representation gives viewers a glimpse of Miami culture of which they may have little knowledge.
Dexter's sister Deborah is the quintessential strong female character. She is a hard-working cop on the show. She is physically and mentally strong and uses a good deal of profanity. Deborah also tends to have trouble with relationships due to her personality and catches a lot of teasing at the station by her male co-workers due to it. She is very professional at the police station, often subverting her feminine characteristics in order to fit in.
The justice system in Dexter is often portrayed as flawed. Though none of the police or detectives would be seen as incompetent per se, criminals are not always apprehended due to the politics and rules of the justice system. These escaped criminals are often Dexter's victims in the very same episode. This idea of vigilante justice is a large theme on the show and is why it is sometimes seen as controversial. Similarly, viewers' associations with their own Dark Passenger's, the hidden urge within that forces Dexter to kill, may lead to an acceptance of extreme violence.
A final theme is the portrayal of family in Dexter. Dexter has to balance his second life with what his desires for a true family. He has constantly occurring hallucinations of advice from his overbearing father, a needy wife, two step children, his own child, and his sister. Dexter's priorities shift back and forth from his secret life to his family. It poses some serious questions. What is or should be most influential, a career, a family, or one's own mind?
Branding Strategy
Dexter is an extraordinarily edgy show as the character we are meant to sympathize with is a verified killer. Showtime advertises Dexter as a clean cut and normal looking guy, with a killer instinct. He is normal on the outside, but an absolute psycho on the inside. By creating such a dysfunctional character, Showtime is able to pique the viewers' interest, and maintain that viewership through the highly serialized nature of the program. This fits in with Showtime's other shows such as Californication and Weeds
Dexter is scheduled on Sunday nights at 9pm and 10pm. The episode from the week before is shown at 9pm so that if the viewer missed it, they can catch up before the current episode is shown at 10 pm. Dexter is followed by another one of Showtime's hits, Weeds. There is not a ton of competition between Dexter and other shows due to its time slot.
Production History
Dexter is an independently created and produced by Showtime. It is a Showtime 'original.' New episodes are only shown on Showtime but its previous seasons were syndicated to CBS in 2008 for rerun purposes. [30]Due to complaints from groups such as the Parents Television Council about the glorification of violence on network televisions, only one season of the show was broadcast on CBS. [31]
Audience and Online Analysis
Fan Interaction
Showtime Channel has attempted over the years to cultivate a large online presence in order to draw in additional subscribers. While it is difficult to find full-length episodes available for free online, Showtime has made a concerted effort to promote its shows through a variety of venues. The fans have joined in in this effort, launching their own websites and contributing to the paratexts associated with the original programming on the channel.
Fan Forums and Websites
Showtime has been very proactive in creating spaces for their audience to interact with their original programming outside of the confines of the television set. They have used, besides the Official website, other social media sites, such as Facebook and Twitter pages for each of their shows. Showtime realizes that by entering these pre-established websites and adding their own content, they can better engage with their target audience, most of whom will be using wildly popular websites already. In some cases Showtime has launched "fake" websites in order to extend the paratext of their shows into the online medium. For example, in The United States of Tara, the character of Kate becomes, on the show, an internet phenomenon by dressing up as the post-feminist superheroine, Princess Valhalla Hawkwind. Showtime subsequently launched www.princessvalhallahawkwind.com as a link off of the official Showtime website. Fans of the original programming have also taken advantage of unofficial websites, such as with Television Without Pity's recaps and forums. Showtime seems to be focusing on promoting individual shows, rather than the channel as a whole.
Showtime's Wiki Forum[32]
Showtime runs a wiki page for each of its shows, allowing fans to put information on the web and contribute on threads for discussion. Each of these wikis is heavily populated with posters and has a fairly active community. The Showtime forums for Dexter has the largest number of posters of the many forums on the internet. There are new threads daily, if not hourly. Fan post fan art, vids, predictions, and questions about the episodes and story of Dexter. Every post has an option at the bottom of it for others to rate the post as valuable or not. This allows moderators to deal with posters who are causing trouble. The reactions to the most recent episodes are usually not positive or negative criticisms but speculation on what will happen in future episodes. The suspense at the end of each episode of Dexter really contributes to this. For example, the most recent thread on the website is called "Thoughts on TAKE IT." "TAKE IT"is the title of the most recent episode, and the majority of the responses are positive reactions to the episode followed by predictions about the next. Any negative comments are not about the script but about the actions of characters. One poster notes in the thread about the latest episode, "I am disappointed by Maria, Throwing Deb under the bus to protect herself, and her "Sterling image", I'm not giving up completely, she may still come around and be not 100% self absorbed. " This poster is not angry at the writers for creating this character, but disappointed in Deb's actions, with the hope that she will turn things around.
Fan Created Forums[33]
Dexteraddict.com is another forum that is not sanctioned by Showtime. This is a fan created website for the general discussion of Dexter. There are a variety of categories for the discussion of Dexter ranging from general discussion, to reviews of the latest episodes, to actor and character discussion. Fans can create topics within the categories leading to long conversations about Dexter. For example, in the Actor and Character Discussion category, one of the most posted on topic is titled "Growing hatred for poor Rita in season 4." The creator of this post felt that the character Rita was getting a bit too "naggy" and "annoying" in season 4. The responses to this post were varied as some people agreed whole-heartedly while others wanted to give Rita a chance. Some believe that Rita is an important character that adds balance to Dexter's life while others believe that she is worthless to the show, simply a "one-dimensional nagging cow." Many posters also wrote predictions for the further development of the character of Rita and her relationship with Dexter, "I reckon Rita's character will ramp up with something soon." The members of this community seem friendly with one another, stick with the discussion, and avoid personal attacks.
Fan-created Material
Showtime shows in general seem to spur a wide array of fan-produced content. With Dexter in particular, on many of these official and unofficial websites, there are links to fan generated material. The official Dexter facebook page, for instance, links to picture albums that the website has compiled from photographs that fans have sent in.[34] The album showing Dexter episode viewing parties, called "Dextravaganzas", evidences how fans interact interpersonally with their friends in watching the show, as well as with the larger online community. The comments and discussion attached to each picture indicate the excitement of such an active participation in the show.
As in many other Showtime shows, there is a large Dexter community dedicated to writing fan fiction and creating fan-made videos. The fan-fiction associated with Dexter is typical of many shows. Another past original program, The L Word, utilized fan-created fiction in a uniquely interesting fashion. In 2005, Showtime announced a multi-week contest allowing fans to write short scenes based on a prompt by a writer of The L Word.[35] Fans then voted on their favorite scenes which were then compiled into a shooting script and produced using many of The L Word's actors and writers in the process. This was the first ever "fanisode," now featured on Showtime's website.[36] Other fan-made videos for Dexter, available mainly through videosharing platforms like Youtube, are often in the "slash" or "shipping" genre. The videos reinforce the fans' fascination with the lead character, as many videos attempt to portray his various personalities, as set to modern pop songs.
Online Store
Showtime has a large collection of Dexter inspired merchandise available for purchase online. For example, on the Showtime Comic-Con site, fans can buy anything from blood-spattered shot glasses to bobblehead figurines of all the major characters. [37]The site also sells limited edition silk-screen artwork that depict each of the seasons. The silk-screens sell for $49.95, and the season one edition has sold out. This strong interest in expensive show-related material reveals the high levels of activity and intensity among Dexter fans. It has proven a lucrative way for Showtime to not only capitalize on interest in the show, but also to foster higher levels of devotion by creating a community of fans who own sought-after commodities, and by celebrating the characters and plot points through tangible goods. The store also has a newsletter that it sends to subscribed fans, who the receive a store discount as well as updates on new items available for purchase. Additionally, independent sites sell Dexter-related material, such as whee tv, a website that sells t-shirts relating to popular shows, and fans can even submit favorite quotes to be designed and bought.[38] Again, this succeeds in escalating fan interest in Dexter, by giving them ways in which they can participate indirectly with their favorite show.
Availability of Episodes
Showtime has a large and profitable presence in Apple's iTune's store, largely because it is a pay channel and iTunes allows it to reach people not among its subscribers. [39] Availability on iTunes also increases public awareness of the channel's original programming, since many of its shows have low ratings upon first-release but do well in later years after word-of-mouth has spread.
Some have expressed doubts about cable channels future viability, because of the emergence of streaming movies that compose a large part of the channel's lineups shown on websites like Netflix and Hulu. [40]Dexter episodes are not shown on Hulu, but there are links to the Showtime website that has a number of clips and show promotions that are available for viewing. Showtime itself only has one episode of every show available online for viewing, in order to hook potential viewers and require them to seek full seasons elsewhere, like on iTunes. The first two seasons ofDexter can be streamed at Netflix, which allows the channel to reach a larger number of viewers. After viewing an episode of Dexter online, Netflix then suggests other Showtime programs for future viewing such as Brotherhood, Californication, and The Tudors. This further solidifies the Showtime brand name and encourages fan loyalty and interest in other Showtime original material.
In addition, Dexter is available on DVD. The third season was released in the same week as HBO's Trueblood, and outsold it by 259,242 units. [41]
Online Advertising
On the Showtime official website, the are numerous ads promoting shows on the channel. At every juncture, the website reminds us how easy and convenient it is to subscribe to the channel in order to receive the full benefits that both the website and the programs have to offer. Showtime has been particularly creative with its campaigns to promote Dexter, creating magazine-like cover ads as well as rigging fountains to spew red, blood-like, fluid. These viral campaigns are meant to engage the casual viewer, and bolster the excitement with online buzz.[42]
- ↑ "Showtime Networks, Inc. Business Information, Profile, and History" Retrieved Oct 5, 2010 http://companies.jrank.org/pages/3799/Showtime-Networks-Inc.html
- ↑ http://companies.jrank.org/pages/3799/Showtime-Networks-Inc.html
- ↑ Arak, Joel. "Viacom makes split official." CBS News (2005): Retrieved 5 Oct 2010. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/06/14/national/main701875.shtml
- ↑ Wallenstein, Andrew. "Exclusive: HBO subscribers dwindling." Hollywood Reporter (Sept. 13, 2010): Web. 5 Oct 2010. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i29f492889037dafd9b8d2c8c75954ee5
- ↑ http://companies.jrank.org/pages/3799/Showtime-Networks-Inc.html
- ↑ Littleton, Cynthia. "Showtime, Disney ink output deal." Variety. Mar. 11, 2010. Web. 5 Oct 2010. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118016342.html?categoryid=14&cs=1
- ↑ http://companies.jrank.org/pages/3799/Showtime-Networks-Inc.html
- ↑ http://companies.jrank.org/pages/3799/Showtime-Networks-Inc.html
- ↑ Stelter, Brian. "Showtime's Serial Killer Moves to CBS, to a Not Entirely Warm Welcome." New York Times Feb 16, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/16/arts/television/16dext.html?_r=1
- ↑ Showtime Official Site. Web. October 8 2010. http://www.sho.com/site/schedules/grid.do?date=10/08/2010
- ↑ Lieb, Rebecca. "Showtime Bows First Kindle Marketing Campaign." http://econsultancy.com/us/blog/3930-showtime-bows-first-kindle-marketing-campaign. econsultancy, 1 June 2009. Web. 30 September 2010
- ↑ Ryssdal, Kai "Conversations from the corner office: Showtime CEO Matthew Blank" Interview Transcript. July 16, 2008. American Public Media http://marketplace.publicradio.org/display/web/2008/07/16/corneroffice_blank_transcript/
- ↑ Cullers, Rebecca. "Showtime keeps doing the little things right." AdFreak. 10, 19, 2008. Web. 7 Oct 2010. http://adweek.blogs.com/adfreak/2008/09/showtime-keeps.html
- ↑ Pope, Kyle. "For Showtime, Suburban Angst Is Fast Becoming a Ratings Delight." http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/arts/television/06pope.html?_r=1. The New York Times, 6 August 2006. Web. 30 September 2010.
- ↑ Weiss, Joanna. "Can Showtime Fill The Void?" The Boston Globe. 10 June 2007. Web. 30 September 2010
- ↑ Pope, Kyle. "For Showtime, Suburban Angst Is Fast Becoming a Ratings Delight." http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/arts/television/06pope.html?_r=1. The New York Times, 6 August 2006. Web. 30 September 2010.
- ↑ Showtime Networks Inc. http://www.sho.com/site/about.do. Web. 30 September 2010
- ↑ Penn & Teller: Bullshit. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller:_Bullshit!. 4 Nov. 2010
- ↑ "Penn & Teller Celebrate a Decade at the Rio All-Suite Hotel and Casino." marketwire.com. 4 Nov. 2010
- ↑ Penn & Teller: Bullshit." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller:_Bullshit!. Web. 4 Nov. 2010
- ↑ Penn & Teller: Bullshit." showtime.com. Web. 4 Nov. 2010
- ↑ Penn & Teller: The Bad Boys of Magic. http://popular-culture.families.com/blog/penn-teller-the-bad-boys-of-magic1. Web. 4 Nov. 2010
- ↑ Penn & Teller: Bullshit. www.showtime.com. Web. 4 Nov. 2010
- ↑ Penn & Teller: Bullshit! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller:_Bullshit! 2 December 2010.
- ↑ Penn & Teller: Bullshit. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_26_Teller:_Bullshit!. Web. 4 Nov. 2010
- ↑ Complaints to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) About the Showtime TV Series, Penn & Teller Bullshit. www.governmentattic.org. Web. 4 Nov. 2010
- ↑ You Are Being WATCHED - New Series on Showtime. Penn Point. www.youtube.com/watch?v=RD8zED7NEMo&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;feature=sub
- ↑ Hoffman, Lori. "No 'Bullshit' for Penn & Teller." www.atlanticcityweekly.com. 3 Nov. 2010. Web. 4 Nov. 2010
- ↑ Ryan, Maureen, "Dexter's renewal: a bad idea?" The Watcher: The Chicago Tribune. Weblog entry. Oct 21, 2008. http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/entertainment_tv/2008/10/dexter-seasons.html
- ↑ Stelter, Brian. "Ahead of Dexter's Broadcast Debut, Critics Slam CBS for 'Celebrating Murder'" Weblog entry. Media Decoder. Feb. 15, 2008. The New York Times. http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/15/critics-slam-cbs-for-celebrating-murder/
- ↑ Hibberd, James. Parents Television Council Denounces CBS's 'Dexter'Plan. 2007. Advertising Age. http://adage.com/hibberd/article?article_id=122424
- ↑ "Dexter Forums." Dexter Wiki. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov 2010. & lt;http://dexterwiki.sho.com/thread/4338112/Thoughts+on+TAKE+IT&gt;.
- ↑ "Methadone for Dexter Fans." Dexter Addict. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov 2010. &lt;http://www.dexteraddict.com/forum&gt;.
- ↑ "Dexter Fan Parties". Photo Album. Dexter Facebook Page. http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=505671&id=15526475270
- ↑ "Showtime and FanLib Plot ``THE L WORD® Fan Episode; Innovative and Highly-Interactive Online Event Kicks-Off Q1 '06 and Will Result in an Original Fan-Written Script for the Critically-Acclaimed Drama" Business Wire. 2005. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2005_Dec_5/ai_n15895128/
- ↑ "Fanlib Winner" Showtime Official Website. http://www.sho.com/site/video/brightcove/series/title.do?bcpid=1304999811&bclid=1374480000
- ↑ The Official Showtime Comic-Con Store. http://showtime.seenon.com/index.php?v=showtime_shows_dexter. 18 November 2010
- ↑ Dexter T-Shirts, Hoodies and More. http://whee.tv/products/dexter/all/1.html. Whee!TV. 18 November 2010
- ↑ Showtime Plays Well on iTunes. Media Decoder. http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/15/showtime-plays-well-on-itunes/. 15 January 2008. Web. 18 November 2010
- ↑ Will Netflix and Hulu Spell the End of HBO and Showtime? Web Trends Blog. http://webtrneds.about.com/b/2009/03/06/will-netflix-and-hulu-spell-the-end-of-hbo-and-showtime.htm 6 March 2009. Web. 18 November 2010
- ↑ Dexter Tops DVD Sales in Big TV Week; True Blood Hangs On. TV By The Numbers. http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2009/08/31/dexter-tops-dvd-sales-in-big-tv-week-true-blood-hangs-on/25800. 31 August 2009. Web. 18 November 2010
- ↑ Anderson, Michael. "Hunt for Infinity Killer Heats Up in New Dexter ARG" 2010. Online. Wired.com http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/08/the-hunt-for-the-infinity-killer-heats-up-in-the-new-dexter-arg/


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subset: commoncrawl


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The weather is having an unprecedented impact on farmers, ranchers and forest owners. California, the biggest agriculture producer in the country and the state which provides half of domestic fruits and vegetables, is currently experiencing its worst drought on record. Farmers in California are expected to idle 500,000 acres of croplands this year. Across the country fire season is 60 days longer than it was 30 years ago. Climate change and extreme weather events are costing our agriculture sector and surrounding economies billions of dollars, and the science says it's only going to get worse.
That's why the U.S. Department of Agriculture just announced the formation of new regional "Climate Hubs" to address the impact of extreme weather and climate change on agriculture and forestry.
As a part of President Obama's Climate Action Plan announced last June, these Hubs will be a clearinghouse of information and provide science-based knowledge and practical tools to agriculture stakeholders. These seven regional hubs, and three sub-hubs, will look at region-specific agriculture risks and ways to adapt, shift and mitigate the increasing effects of a climate change. They will help farmers, ranchers, and forest owners adapt to a new climate brought on by climate change.
In order to help land owners and managers innovate and remain productive and competitive, these Hubs will share information on new technologies, tools, and farming practices, including developments pioneered by EDF such as:
- Fertilizer optimization to improve how nutrients are managed to meet both production and environmental goals
- Application of compost to rangeland which increases carbon sequestration, water retention and forage quality
- Avoided conversion of grasslands to preserve vital carbon sinks as well as habitat for a host of wildlife
- Methane reductions from rice farming which not only reduce methane generation, but reduce water use as well
EDF, a participant in the Northern Plains Hub located in Colorado, will work with the USDA, other federal and state agencies, and other partners to make these Hubs a great resource for farmers and ranchers to best adapt to the threat of climate change.
Science has found that heat waves, such as the one that affected Texas in 2011, have become more likely than they were 40 years ago. These new Hubs will help farmers address drought (which cost over $50 billion from 2011-2013), flooding, heat waves, and pests. They will help to focus the wealth of information that exists on resilient and sustainable agriculture practices in a changing climate and enable coordination with local land managers.
As Secretary Vilsack noted yesterday, "If we are not proactive, as the President has directed, we will find ourselves 5, 10, 15, 20 years down the road wishing we had done what we're doing today."


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text: Portable OpenCL (pocl) is a MIT-licensed open source implementation of the OpenCL standard which can be easily adapted for new targets and devices, both for homogeneous CPU and heterogenous GPUs/accelerators. pocl uses Clang as an OpenCL C frontend and LLVM for the kernel compiler implementation, and as a portability layer. Thus, if your desired target has an LLVM backend, it should be able to get OpenCL support easily by using pocl.


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New Essay by Joseph Viscomi
Submitted by rc-admin on
Romantic Circles is pleased to announce a newly published essay by Joseph Viscomi, "Wordsworth's Dramatic Antipicturesque: Burke, Gilpin, and 'Lines left upon a Seat in a Yew-tree." In this piece, which is available for reading on the Web or for downloading to your computer in PDF format, Viscomi offers a new reading of "Lines left upon a Seat in a Yew-tree," providing the grounds for thinking of it as a dramatic monologue critiquing Gilpin's idea of the picturesque. This extended essay with two illustrations is the full version of Viscomi's contribution to the special issue of The Wordsworth Circle (38:1-2) dedicated to Karl Kroeber and guest edited by Toby Benis. It can be accessed directly here:
--or from our Scholarly Resources page.


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Scientists arepriming two spacecraft to slam into the moon's South Pole to see if the lunardouble whammy reveals hidden water ice.
TheEarth-on-moon violence may raise eyebrows, but NASA's history shows that suchmissions can yield extremely useful scientific observations.
"Ithink that people are apprehensive about it because it seems violent or crude,but it's very economical," said Tony Colaprete, the principal investigatorfor the mission at NASA?s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif.
NASA'sprevious Lunar Prospector mission detected large amounts of hydrogen at themoon's poles before crashing itself into a crater at the lunar South Pole. Nowthe much larger LunarCrater and Observation Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission, set for aFebruary 2009 moon crash, will take aim and discover whether some of thathydrogen is locked away in the form of frozen water.
LCROSS willpiggyback on the LunarReconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission for an Oct. 28 launch atop an Atlas 5rocket equipped with a Centaur upper stage. While the launch will ferry LRO tothe moon in about four days, LCROSS is in for a three-month journey to reachits proper moon smashing position. Once within range, the Centaur upper stagedoubles as the main 4,400 pound (2,000 kg) impactor spacecraft for LCROSS.
The smallerShepherding Spacecraft will guide Centaur towards its target crater, beforedropping back to watch - and later fly through - the plume of moon dust anddebris kicked up by Centaur's impact. The shepherding vehicle is packed with alight photometer, a visible light camera and four infrared cameras to study theCentaur?s lunar plume before it turns itself into a second impactor and strikesa different crater about four minutes later.
"Thispayload delivery represents a new way of doing business for the center and theagency in general," said Daniel Andrews, LCROSS project manager at Ames,in a statement. "LCROSS primarily is using commercial-off-the-shelf instrumentson this mission to meet the mission's accelerated development schedule and costrestraints."
Figuringout the final destinations for the $79 million LCROSS mission is "like tryingto drive to San Francisco and not knowing where it is on the map,"Colaprete said. He and other mission scientists hope to use observations fromLRO and the Japanese Kaguya (Selene) lunar orbiter to map crater locationsbefore LCROSS dives in.
"Nobodyhas ever been to the poles of the moon, and there are very unique craters -similar to Mercury - where sunlight doesn't reach the bottom," Colapretesaid. Earth-based radar has also helped illuminate some permanently shadowedcraters. By the time LCROSS arrives, it can zero in on its 19 mile (30 km) widetargets within 328 feet (100 meters).
Scientistswant the impactor spacecraft to hit smooth, flat areas away from large rocks,which would ideally allow the impact plume to rise up out of the crater shadowsinto sunlight. That in turn lets LRO and Earth-based telescopes see theresults.
"Byunderstanding what's in these craters, we're examining a fossil record of theearly solar system and would occurred at Earth 3 billion years ago,"Colaprete said. LCROSS is currently aiming at target craters Faustini and Shoemaker,which Colaprete likened to "fantastic time capsules" at 3 billion and3.5 billion years old.
LCROSS researchersanticipate a more than a 90 percent chance that the impactors will find someform of hydrogen at the poles. The off-chance exists that the impactors willhit a newer crater that lacks water - yet scientists can learn about thedistribution of hydrogen either way.
"Wetake [what we learn] to the next step, whether it's rovers or moreimpactors," Colaprete said.
This comesas the latest mission to apply brute force to science.
The DeepImpact mission made history in 2005 by sending a probe crashing into cometTempel 1. Besides Lunar Prospector's grazing strike on the moon in 1999, theEuropean Space Agency's Smart-1satellite dove more recently into the lunar surface in 2006.
LCROSS willtake a much more head-on approach than either Lunar Prospector or Smart-1,slamming into the moon's craters at a steep angle while traveling with greatermass at 1.6 miles per second (2.5 km/s). The overall energy of the impact willequal 100times that of Lunar Prospector and kick up 1,102 tons of debris and dust.
"It'sa cost-effective, relatively low-risk way of doing initial exploration,"Colaprete said, comparing the mission's approach to mountain prospectors whoused crude sticks of dynamite to blow up gully walls and sift for gold.Scientists are discussing similar missions for exploring asteroids and planets suchas Mars.
Nevertheless,Colaprete said they "may want to touch the moon a bit more softly"after LCROSS has its day.
- VIDEO: Deep Impact: 'To Poke a Comet'
- IMAGES: Poised for Impact
- VIDEO: Moon 2.0: Join the Revolution


text:
Treehouse Ultimate Collection Gift Set and Other New ReleasesMonday, March 09, 2015
Win a Kaboom! Entertainment Easter Basket Prize Pack!
- 1 Treehouse Ultimate Collection Cube Box
- 1 Zack & Quack: Popping Hopping Easter DVD
- 1 Guess How Much I Love You – Someone Special DVD
Binoo is a favorite!ReplyDelete
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Bubble Guppies~ReplyDelete
DD loves Franklin and Berenstain Bears right now.ReplyDelete
Toopy & Binoo!ReplyDelete
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My little girl's favourite Treehouse characters are the Backyardigans!ReplyDelete
- naiddia pMarch 10, 2015 at 8:07 AM
My daughter loves max and ruby.ReplyDelete
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Toopy and BinooReplyDelete
- Poohmom2501March 10, 2015 at 9:35 AM
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Max and rubyReplyDelete
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- Victoria EssMarch 12, 2015 at 9:37 AM
Franklin is a favourite!ReplyDelete
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Toopy and BinooReplyDelete
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Bubble Guppies!ReplyDelete
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Toopy & Binoo are favourites here.ReplyDelete
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Ruby and Max (Debbie W)ReplyDelete
Franklin is my sons favourite characterReplyDelete
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In response to your question of
Who is your favourite (or your child's favourite) Treehouse character?
Their favourite Treehouse characters are Max and Ruby.
Thank you for having this giveaway!!!!!!!!!!!!
Franklin. thanksReplyDelete
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- Laurie PMarch 19, 2015 at 10:42 AM
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My son likes OctonautsReplyDelete
My favourite Treehouse character is Franklin.ReplyDelete
Her favourite is Sister Bear from the Berenstain Bears.ReplyDelete
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Thanks for taking the time to leave a comment here on Toronto Teacher Mom. Hope you have a great day!


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The older I get, the more I find myself being intentional about my wants, needs and desires. For instance, I'm a firm believer in "speaking it into existence," so last week while I was engrossed in posting one of my #DearFutureHubby Facebook status updates, I had a flashback of my younger self. I laughed out loud as I remembered how I once declared that 35 was too old to be getting married. Welp, I'm officially over 40 (42 in fact) and I can't help but shake my head at that small town southern belle that really thought she had it all figured out. Ha! I really didn't know jack squat about love back then, or life, for that matter.
I recall having my life all planned out: After I graduated college, I would find a husband, get married, have 2.5 kids and a fish. I had a plan, and by George, I was gonna execute it. I distinctly remember making my "Future Hubby List" of requirements. He needed to be ye tall, make yada yada amount of money and have a striking resemblance to Blair Underwood in Set It Off, right down to that 6-pack of chocolate abs. (Swoons.) And, did I mention the Cinderella wedding complete with a custom designed gown, 15 bridesmaids and a boulder-sized princess cut diamond ring? Girlfriend, back then I was all about the ring. What can I say, baby Jai was clearly doin' too much.
Now, let's fast forward 20 years and you'll find that Cinderella has turned into Carrie Bradshaw. I'm not at all ashamed to admit that these days I would be perfectly fine with exchanging vows at the county courthouse, although that's not the only part of my life plan that has changed. Now the plan is…well, heck, there is no plan. After all, my "strategies" to get the left-hand bling haven't worked out so well before. I attribute that to the fact that in the past I was so focused on the plan I forgot a couple of other key factors: For starters, people are unpredictable and love is even more unpredictable. Plus, you can't rush either. I have learned to have patience for the process of living and just let love find me in it's own time.
Well, there may not be a plan, but there is still a Future Hubby List; it just looks a lot different from my previous poll of requirements. I've replaced that height requirement with a kindness qualification. I've shifted the salary prerequisite to a compatibility obligation, and, as for him resembling Blair Underwood – I've decided that he doesn't have to look like a movie star to float my boat. Oh, and about that ring – I plead the fifth in fear that I may incriminate myself one day. (Giggles.)
I'm sure at first glance one might think that I'm settling by not sticking to my original list, but the truth is to the contrary. The fact is that I have dated the tall, handsome, physically fit, rich guys in the past and none of those attributes made them treat me any better. A man's height didn't make him more honest, his looks didn't make him loyal and his money didn't buy me any more of his time. Oh, and that 6-pack didn't make him kind, stable or unselfish either. You see, I'm not actually settling with my new list, I am in fact elevating my requirements. I finally realized that the hazard of buying in to superficial requirements is that your purchase may change over time, or worse, have been a farce from the start.
I no longer desire 2.5 kids or that fish. The truth is, I never really wanted those things in the first place. I just thought I was supposed to have them because they were benchmarks of having arrived in life. When I started my journey into my fabulous 40s, I became really honest with myself about who I am, what I desire and how to find and preserve my happy. That happiness factor has become my compass for love and life. I don't mean some trumped up ideal of happiness, but rather the true genuine kind of happy that resonates through my bones. Yeah, that's the stuff I'm going after, and turning 42 didn't slow me down one bit; I'm gaining momentum.
Now it's your turn to get honest with yourself, what realizations about love have you come to lately?
Jai Stone is a socialpreneur, author, syndicated blogger and the founder of the Emotional Nudity Lifestyle Brand. Jai writes about love, life and the pursuit of authentic joy. Follow her on Twitter @JaiStone or visit her blog.


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The United States has extended border restrictions between Mexico and Canada for another month. The Department of Homeland Security closed the land border to both countries for all non-essential travel in March 2020 and has extended those restrictions every month.
The restrictions will expire on August 21 unless they are renewed again.
Currently, the U.S. does allow people from Canada and Mexico to fly to the United States, but they must provide proof of a negative COVID-19 test before departing.
The decision comes just a few days after Canada announced that it is lifting its ban on non-essential travel for U.S. citizens who are fully vaccinated starting on August 9.
When asked about the border restrictions on Monday (July 19), White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki told reporters that any decision on reopening the border would be made by public health experts.
"Any decisions about resuming travel will be guided by our public health and medical experts. ... I wouldn't look at it through a reciprocal intention," she said in response to Canada's decision to allow vaccinated Americans into the country.
The Department of Homeland Security said that it is monitoring the situation and "is in constant contact with Canadian and Mexican counterparts to identify the conditions under which restrictions may be eased safely and sustainably."


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Is preventDefault and stopPropagation jQuery or plain js methods?
Also, do you know of a good source that explains event bubbling/capturing?
Is preventDefault and stopPropagation jQuery or plain js methods?
Also, do you know of a good source that explains event bubbling/capturing?
They are part of the DOM API, and so are available in plain JS within the browser (note that stopPropagation was not available in IE until version 9).
There's a good overview here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4616694/what-is-event-bubbling-and-capturing, which also provides some links to further information. Probably the most important thing to know is that event bubbling is the model that is supported by all the major browsers.
So from that article and others I've read today I think I understand that the w3 standard is to do both the capturing and bubbling phase? So for every event it's first handled in the outer most element in the DOM, travels down to the element clicked on, then back up to the outer most element?
Yeah, that's my understanding of it.
cool, thanks. it's becoming clearer.
Have you ever taken advantage of event bubbling in practice?
Or can you describe details of how this would be advantageous in the real world?
I read about an example of a click event being added to a table row. But the script might later insert more rows to that table and those new rows would need that same event handler. So rather than individually adding/maintaining handlers/listeners to each row, a handler was attached to the table. But I missed how this is takes advantage of event bubbling.
Yes, I've used it in exactly the sort of scenario you've just described, with a dynamically populated list of search results. Rather than attaching a click event handler to a link on each row, I took advantage of event bubbling by attaching the handler to the list container element.
There are two advantages to this:
#2 makes sense to me.
In what way does it perform better? the time it takes javascript to parse the DOM and attach individual handlers?
So following your example:

I might want to react to clicking any link, but I could attach an event handler to the
 ?
Then how would my code know which link was clicked?
That's right, although interestingly I was just looking up a reference for that and I came across this post which claims that although delegation is more efficient to set up, binding event handlers directly to each element is more efficient (CPU-wise) when triggering than waiting for the event to bubble up the DOM.
The event object has a
target property which contains the element that triggered the event (see: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/event.target).
What's delagation? Or what 's the difference between delegation and binding?
Binding is about every element having the decision power and representing itself, when it comes to events.
Delegation defines a mandated proxy to handle the events in the name of a group of elements. It's still binding but on different, higher levels.
Binding may take longer to set up before being ready to execute and can get difficult to manage in code. Delegation may take longer to execute but it's easier to maintain.
Think of "binding vs. delegation" as of "event binding vs. event binding delegation based on event bubbling effect".
If you take a needle and poke your self in the little finger with it, event bubbling will make the information in the form of pain data to travel along your arm, upper body, up to your brain.
If you click a link which is inside a list element, the event will bubble up the li>ul>…>body>html>document>window route. This makes brain delegation possible, and it will make you slap yourself in the face for playing around with needles. In the theory anyway. In reality you could just delegate/capture the click event to the ul instead of binding click events on each li, all the while contemplating for things to do, other than torturing yourself.
ok, so event binding is more of a one to one basis. I bind 1 event handler to 1 element?
While event delegation is like 1 to many. Where say 1 event handler is bound to a ul but it's fired off from 1 or many links in
s?
Yes. For meaningful interaction you have to bind/override event behavior to the elements. By default, when an event fires, (almost) nothing happens. It's just a question on where exactly to handle the events, right there or somewhere higher up the chain.
Event delegation is like having a general for an army. Everybody is just reporting, the decision is made somewhere up the chain. Event delegation is also short for event delegation binding, since the general has to be named at same point.
All this is because an event travels (bubbles) naturally up the parent elements until it reaches the highest level, the parent of all elements. This can be prevented though, can be stopped at the parent element of your choosing.