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No password is 100% secure. There are always ways and means for those with malicious intent to hack, crack or socially engineer access to a password. Indeed, there are more and more websites and databases compromised on a seemingly daily basis. A new approach to verifying passwords that also takes into account the speed with which a user types in their login and the gaps between characters would render a stolen password useless.
Writing in the International Journal of Internet Technology and Secured Transactions computer scientists from Beirut explain the shortcomings of previous attempts at key-pattern analysis. KPA is an attempt to scrutinize the speed with which a user taps the keys as well as measuring the gaps between keystrokes, the beat of their typing. KPA has also been tested with modified keyboards that measure the force with which keys are pressed. The result can be a biometric profile of the way an individual user types in their password. If the biometric does not match the user then the password fails even if it is "correct".
Ravel Jabbour, Wes Masri and Ali El-Hajj of the American University of Beirut, in Lebanon, point out how inconvenient a modified keyboard would be to an organization or individual. They explain how previous attempts at KPA fail if the pressing of two keys overlaps. Early efforts also focus on "inter" timing, the time lag between pressing one key and the next, which is not adequate to ensure a password is usable only by the legitimate user. The team instead has incorporated "intra" timing that measures how long each key remains depressed, which they say gives them the beat of the typing and is a much more robust parameter.
The program gathers information about how the user is typing in their password by recording the electronic signals from a standard keyboard as keys are pressed and released. The program then compares the pattern of the password typed with a pre-stored pattern recorded when the account is initially setup. A user would be expected to repeatedly type their password at the login registration stage to record a reproducible typing pattern. The validation algorithm then looks at the various parameters, intra and inter timing the relationships between two keys (digraph), three keys (trigraph) and up to the number of keys that are the password length.
Obviously, a longer password will provide a more complicated profile of the person's typing and so reduce the risk of the typing of anyone else typing the password with the same timing pattern as the legitimate user. There is a trade-off, of course, too long a password and even a legitimate user is unlikely to reproduced their typing pattern accurately every time they enter the password. Password distribution can also be accommodated for by creating KPA groups for the same password for those users eager to share their passwords with friends and colleagues without impinging on the security of the system, the team says.
"Optimising password security through key-pattern analysis" in Int. J. Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, 2011, 3, 178-193
International Journal of Internet Technology and Secured Transactions


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Graffiti 2535 captured by Rabot in Toronto Canada
My measurements
The artwork is of graffiti type. You can admire it in the city of Toronto in Canada and more precisely here : 496 Richmond St W, Toronto, ON M5V 3N4, Canada.
If you know the artist or artists who participated in its realization, thank you for contacting us.
The photo was released on 21-09-2019 by the hunter Rabot, if you passed it and you're sure that it does not exist anymore do not hesitate to let us know.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Perfect for guys who pride themselves on their casual style, our understated Timberland 2-Eye Boat Shoes Army Green features premium leather and siped outsoles to channel away water and add traction while you're on deck. A perfect warm-weather shoe, the brig is ready to accompany you on your adventures, whether nautical or on dry land. Imported.
* Nylon shank for arch support* OrthoLite? footbed provides all-day cushioning and support* Mesh lining and footbed cover for comfort and climate control* Premium full-grain and nubuck leather upper for comfort, durability and long-lasting wear* Siped rubber outsole channels away water for maximum traction and durability* Lightweight, flexible, non-marking rubber outsole for durability and traction is made with 5% recycled rubber


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If you are over 55 and separated from your job (fired or laid off), you do not have to pay the penalty for taking money out. Still have to pay the taxes, though. BUT, if you are in an emergency situation, it's one avenue.
Everybody knows that retirement accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs offer great tax advantages (and once upon a time--and maybe again someday--a corporate match). But people who have plans to spend the money before they reach retirement age worry about the restrictions on early withdrawals that come with the various retirement plans. Here's a cheat-sheet for working the angles.
There are two different points where you need to do your considering: when you're making your saving and investing decisions and are thinking about where to put the money, and then again when you're making the spending decisions and are thinking about where to take the money from.
Start your thinking by dividing your goals for the savings (other than retirement at full retirement age) into three categories: major purchases, emergency funds, and early retirement.
Your retirement accounts are generally a poor choice for money that you're planning to spend on things like buying a house or a car, sending the kids to college, or taking a lavish vacation.
You can borrow from your 401(k) for the down payment on a house, but you're combining the big problem with such borrowings (losing your job means you have to pay the money back in 60 days or owe taxes and penalties) with a big bite out of your retirement savings.
Better is to save for these goals outside your retirement plan. In some cases (such as college savings) there are other tax-advantaged plans that are better suited for the purpose.
One special case is funding your own college expenses. You don't have to pay the 10% penalty on money that you withdraw from an IRA to pay your own college expenses, so an IRA is a perfect place to save money if you're planning to go back to college.
Money in your retirement account is available to handle emergencies to a very limited extent. Generally, it's available two different ways. You can borrow against your 401(k) and you can withdraw your contributions (but not your earnings) from a Roth IRA once the plan has been established for 5 years.
Making use of either of these options is generally a bad idea--but in an emergency, sometimes it's a matter of bad versus worse.
You ought to have an emergency fund that's not in retirement accounts. But it's worth understanding that the money isn't completely unavailable, especially if that makes it easier for you to put a bit more aside.
Here's where way too much brainpower has been wasted by people who plan to retire early and worry about coming up with cash to fill the gap between the date they retire and the date they can start taking money out of their 401(k) or IRA.
First of all, if you're really retiring, you can take money out of your retirement account. There are rules to follow--you have to arrange to take a series of payments calculated to last the rest of your life--but that's exactly what you'd want to do if you were actually planning on living on the money.
Second, if your goal is to retire early, you're almost certainly going to be hitting the maximums on your retirement accounts and having to save some after-tax money anyway.
The upshot is that maximizing your retirement savings is entirely compatible with early retirement. It probably won't be enough for early retirement, but maxing out every retirement savings option you've got is a great start.
I wrote a while back out what order to max the accounts out in.
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If you are over 55 and separated from your job (fired or laid off), you do not have to pay the penalty for taking money out. Still have to pay the taxes, though. BUT, if you are in an emergency situation, it's one avenue.
I think your readers will appreciate "A Lumpy Tale" amongst others at financialtales.com
Keep up the good work.


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Welcome to Wise Bread's Best Money Tips Roundup! Today we found some fantastic articles on traveling more often for less, things to do with $3,000, and important money lessons for kids.
7 Tips to Travel More Often, Cheaper, and in STYLE — Travel more often without breaking the bank by following travel industries on Twitter. [PT Money]
6 Clever Things To Do With $3,000 — If you got a tax refund this year, consider using that money to save for retirement. [SavvySugar]
5 Important Money Lessons for Kids — Make sure your kids understand the money lesson that you don't always get what you want. [Cash Money Life]
27 Frugal Uses for a Dead Phone Book — Use old phone books as an alternative to packing peanuts when you need to mail something. [Get Rich Slowly]
How to Lower Your Property Taxes — To lower your property taxes, check your assessment accuracy by looking for inaccuracies on your current assessment. [Moolanomy]
5 Things You Should Not Do If You Have Debt — If you are in debt, do not keep using credit cards. [Bible Money Matters]
Saving for College: The Lowdown on 529 Plans — Did you know there are two types of 529 plans? One is a prepaid tuition plan and the other is a savings plan. [Girls Just Wanna Have Funds]
3 Ways to Get Lower Credit Card Interest Rates — To get lower credit card interest rates, try negotiating. [Smart Balance Transfers]
5 Ways to Save on Gasoline Today — Save money on gas by only keeping necessary items in your car and removing excess equipment. [American Consumer News]
How to Get Your Children to Eat Healthier — Want your children to eat healthier? Turn healthy food into fun food! [Parenting Squad]
Disclaimer: The links and mentions on this site may be affiliate links. But they do not affect the actual opinions and recommendations of the authors.
Wise Bread is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com.


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st: troubleshooting code for simulating survival data
Michael McCulloch <email@example.com>
Statalist <email@example.com>
st: troubleshooting code for simulating survival data
Wed, 28 May 2008 10:00:22 -0700
I've written the following do-file to simulate survival data, in the
case of exponential distribution with one treatment variable (a) and
no covariates. The code works when not in a program, and returns the
specified Beta-coefficient (-0.8). May I ask for help in fine-tuning
the program? I'm getting error message: " 'r(a)' evaluated to
missing in full sample".
capture program drop sim_surv
program define sim_surv, rclass
tempname lambda a id t
set obs 10 //create 10 observations
gen `id'=_n //Create ID numbers
set seed 1235 //set random number seed for reproducibility
gen `a'=0 + int(2*uniform()) //Generate treatment: discrete
0/1 uniform random variables
gen `lambda'=-2
gen `t'=(ln(uniform())/(`lambda'*exp(-0.8*`a'))) // using Bender, 2005
stset `t'
stcox `t'
indeplist, local
foreach var of varlist `X' {
return scalar `var' = exp(_b[`var'])
set seed 12358
bootstrap a=r(a), eform reps(10): sim_surv
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* http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/res/findit.html
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* http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/
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Fans of Douglas Adams will no doubt catch the reference to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy in the title of Becky Stern's latest project, The Babel Fish Language Toy. This sound- and RFID-enabled Arduino project with a crafty enclosure helps you learn foreign languages with RFID flash cards. When you bring a flash card near the fish's tongue, you'll hear the pronunciation of the word, which comes from .WAV files that you pre-load onto the SD card. And naturally, a full how-to writeup and video will help you along the way should you decide to make your own. Xie xie Becky!
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