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Pharmaceutical companies have donated hundreds of thousands of dollars in the 2016 presidential election cycle. Guess which presidential candidate accepted far more campaign cash than any other from Big Pharma? The money went to…drum roll please...Hillary Clinton. What's more, Clinton says she's proud to have drug companies as her enemies.
Those who think you can't buy position in America are sorely mistaken. If there was truly any democracy left in this country, then I'd like for someone to show me.
If we are supposed to be a system of government by the whole populationor all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives, how does Cargill, Ely Lilly, or Turing Pharmaceutical get to determine who runs the country?
Clinton has been acting as though she has a tough stance on the industry, especially after news of Turing Pharmaceutical's CEO Martin Shkreli increasing the price of an HIV drug called Daraprim by nearly 5,000%. But the money trail tells a different story.
Clinton accepted $164,315 in the first six months of her campaign for President from drug companies, according to an analysis by Stat News.
Clinton unveiled a plan to combat rising drug prices by clamping down on the rules for pharmaceuticals, and in a recent Democratic debate, shelisted off drug companies among the enemies she is most proud to have made in politics. Really?
See Clinton at 0:31 in the democratic debate from October, 2015:
These big, bad companies continue to be big spenders, donating $951,018 to presidential candidates in the 2016 presidential election, according tothe Center for Responsive Politics and the Federal Election Commission – including to her campaign.
Clinton collected $336,416 in donations from the pharma/health industry, over a third of the total contributions during the 2016 presidential campaign. The next biggest recipient was Republican candidate Jeb Bush,who collected less than half the amount of Clinton. Trump received a whopping $1001 – enough to buy one Daraprim pill.
These donations don't include the big money corporations spend on lobbying Congress as well. For example, Pfizer, one of the largest pharmaceutical companies, spent more than $10 million in lobbying efforts last year.
Big Pharma bets on established candidates that they think they can influence once they are in office. Scott Swenson, vice president for communications for Common Cause, a nonprofit political watchdog group, says:

subset: commoncrawl


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This blog first appeared in the Huffington Post Canada here .
By Robin Montgomery, Interagency Coalition on AIDS and Development (ICAD)
In October 2015, the renewed UNAIDS Strategy was approved amidst cheers from the global community at the 37th meeting of the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board (PCB). The renewed strategy is an ambitious but viable, comprehensive road map charting the end of AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 and is couched within the Global Goals for Sustainable Development (SDGs) .
Just twelve months later, the conversation at this week's 39th PCB has taken a much more somber tone as delegates grapple with the funding crisis that has rocked … Read more


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9 Bands You Forgot Played Themselves In Movies
Top 10 Tom Hanks Movies
7 Asylum Movies Better Than Their Blockbuster Original
What Makes A Christmas Movie?
Spider-Man: No Way Home – Review
Cobra Kai Season 4 – Review
Hawkeye Episode 6 – Review
Hawkeye Episode 5 – Review
Arcane – Review
The Cobra Kai Season Four Trailer Is Here
Animal Crossing 2.0 – Review
9 Rarest And Most Valuable Pokémon Cards In Existence
Are Team Rocket Actually Bad?
Every Command & Conquer PC Game Ranked
7 Xbox Games To Be Excited About
DC Fandome 2021 – Revelations, Trailers and the future
Book To Movie Adaptations Coming Soon
Harry Potter: The Questions You Keep Asking, Answered
DC Villains We Want To See More Of
Shadow And Bone: Books vs. Series
9 Underrated Albums That Defined The 1980s
9 Iconic Jerry Goldsmith Film Scores
9 Actors Who Are Awesome Guitarists
9 Drummers That Became Lead Singers
9 Of The Weirdest Toys From The Nineties
Star Trek Tech That's Almost Here
10 Roller Coasters That Should Be On Your Bucket List
South Park Invades The NFL
Season one of Cobra Kai is streaming on Netflix, here's our review of the show. It stars some of the actors who starred in the cult...


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Best kit lens upgrade for Canon DSLRs: 10 tested
Upgrade from your camera's kit lens to one of these
Canon offers a number of standard zooms with DSLR bodies as camera kits, which is why they're often referred to as kit lenses. For example, the official kit lens for the EOS 1100D and 600D is the EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II. For the
, it's the more upmarket
The main advantage of buying a body complete with a kit lens is that the overall package is substantially discounted, so you'll save money. They offer a versatile focal length range (18-55mm) in a small package. However, it's difficult to shake the feeling that kit lenses are often built down to a price rather than up to the highest standards.
Since most of us use our standard zoom lenses for the vast majority of our shooting, it makes sense to invest in a quality option.
The first thing to think about is zoom range. For the purposes of this group test, we're concentrating on APS-C format cameras such as the EOS 1100D, 600D, 60D and 7D. As with previous models in their class, they all have Advanced Photo System - Classic image format sensors, which are rather smaller than those in full-frame DSLRs such as the 5D Mark II.
The upshot is that you need to apply a focal length magnification factor or 'crop factor' of 1.6x to calculate the effective focal length of a lens.
An 18-55mm kit lens will therefore provide an effective zoom range of 29-88mm. And 29mm gives you a fairly generous wide angle of view, whereas 88mm offers a useful short telephoto length that's ideal for portraiture.
A lens such as Canon's EF-S 15-85mm pushes the boundaries at both ends, giving a more versatile 24-136mm zoom range, but there's always a danger that greater range will impair optical quality.
You can use any full-frame lens on an APS-C camera, but you can't use an APS-C lens on a full-frame body. If you're thinking of trading up to a full-frame DSLR at some point in the future, it's worth taking full-frame standard zooms into account.
Indeed, when the Canon 40D was launched back in 2007, it had a choice of two kit lenses. One was the full-frame EF 28-135mm, the other was the APS-C format EF-S 17-85mm.
There are pros and cons in using a full-frame standard zoom on an APS-C camera. The main plus point is that you'll only be using the central area of the image circle, where image quality is at its sharpest.
You'll also run less risk of vignetting (darkened corners of the frame), especially when combining the wide-angle end of the zoom range with the widest available aperture.
The downside is that you simply won't get the wide-angle coverage enabled by a specialised APS-C lens. However, you can counter this by teaming up a full-frame standard zoom with an ultra-wide zoom such as the Canon EF-S 10-22mm.
Zoom and focus
Internal focusing is a useful feature that's shared by all the lenses in this group. The front element doesn't rotate during focusing, which makes circular polarising filters and graduated filters much easier to use. It also means the lens doesn't extend in length throughout the focus range.
When it comes to zooming, all the lenses on test physically extend as you progress through the zoom range, apart from the Sigma 18-50mm f/2.8-4.5 DC OS HSM, which has a fully internal zoom mechanism.
For autofocus, basic micro-motor actuators can be noisy and sluggish in operation; both the Tamron SP AF 17-50mm f/2.8 XR Di II VC and the Tamron SP AF 28-75mm f/2.8 XR Di LD feature these.
All the other lenses on test here have ultrasonic autofocus systems (USM), which Sigma calls hypersonic (HSM). You can expect quieter, faster autofocus - but not all ultrasonic systems are created equal. The Sigma 18-50mm, Sigma 17-70mm f/2.8-4 DC Macro OS HSM and Sigma 17-50mm f/2.8 EX DC OS HSM all have a small ultrasonic motor that requires gears to drive focusing.
The Sigma 24-70mm f/2.8 EX DG IF HSM, the Canon EF-S 15-85mm f/3.5-5.6 IS USM, the Canon EF-S 17-55mm f/2.8 IS USM, the Canon EF 24-105mm f/4L IS USM and the Canon EF 24-70mm f/2.8L USM all have a more advanced 'ring-type' ultrasonic system.
This is faster, near-silent and the focus ring doesn't rotate during focusing, plus you get the benefit of full-time manual override of autofocus in One Shot AF mode.
How good is your Canon EF-S kit lens?
What price a kit lens? If you buy them separately they range in cost from the £150 EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II (1100D, 600D) through the EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS (7D) at £350, to the EF-S 17-85mm f4-5.6 IS USM (60D) at £360. They have their good points, but none of them are perfect.
The baby EF-S 18-55mm is very compact and well-balanced on lightweight bodies such as those of the 1100D and 600D. It also features Canon's latest 4-stop image stabiliser, complete with panning and tripod detection. Image quality is pretty convincing throughout the zoom range, but build quality is very basic.
The mounting plate is made of plastic rather than metal, the front element rotates in focusing, there's no focus distance scale and autofocus operation is based on a standard micro-motor.
Moving up, the EF-S 18-135mm features the same new IS system but is better built than the 18-55mm, with a metal mounting plate. But it still lacks USM autofocus and a focus distance scale. It's a poor match for the sophisticated and super-fast 7D.
The EF-S 17-85mm is an older design with only a 3-stop stabiliser, but it does at least have ring-type ultrasonic autofocus. Based on our tests, its only real flaw is that chromatic aberrations (colour fringing) are a major problem.
Fringing is often very noticeable in images, especially those taken towards the wide-angle end of the zoom range.
Current page: Zoom lens upgrades explainedNext Page Canon EF-S 15-85mm f/3.5-5.6 IS USM
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Pediatricians Fact-Check Bachmann's Bashing Of HPV Vaccine
Now the nation's pediatricians have waded deep and early into the race for the presidency. In an unusual instance of political fact-checking of a candidate's statements by physicians themselves, the American Academy of Pediatrics has a tough prescription for Republican Rep. Michele Bachmann: Get your facts straight on the HPV vaccine.
In case you missed it, she sparred with Texas Gov. Rick Perry Monday night over his executive order that would have mandated vaccination of state schoolgirls against human papillomavirus, a cause of cervical cancer.
"To have innocent little 12-year-old girls be forced to have a government injection through an executive order is just flat-out wrong," Bachmann said. "Little girls who have a potentially dangerous reaction to this drug don't get a mulligan," she said. "You don't get a do-over."
Perry defended the decision, but conceded that the legal mechanism to reach the goal should have been different.
But on the Today show Tuesday morning, Bachmann went further, telling Matt Lauer that a mother had approached her after the debate to recount the problems her daughter had after being vaccinated against HPV:
She told me that her little daughter took that vaccine, that injection. And she suffered from mental retardation thereafter. The mother was crying when she came up to me last night. I didn't know who she was before the debate. This is the very real concern and people have to draw their own conclusions.
When Lauer pressed Bachmann on whether she would keep pushing on the issue, she answered that it has traction "with a lot of people and we'll see what people say."
Not with kids' doctors it doesn't. In an apparent first for the national pediatricians' group during a political campaign, the AAP called Bachmann out, though it stopped short of doing so by name.
In a statement released late Tuesday, Dr. O. Marion Burton, the president of the group, said:
The American Academy of Pediatrics would like to correct false statements made in the Republican presidential campaign that HPV vaccine is dangerous and can cause mental retardation. There is absolutely no scientific validity to this statement. Since the vaccine has been introduced, more than 35 million doses have been administered, and it has an excellent safety record.
The American Academy of Pediatrics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Academy of Family Physicians all recommend that girls receive HPV vaccine around age 11 or 12. That's because this is the age at which the vaccine produces the best immune response in the body, and because it's important to protect girls well before the onset of sexual activity. In the U.S., about 6 million people, including teens, become infected with HPV each year, and 4,000 women die from cervical cancer. This is a life-saving vaccine that can protect girls from cervical cancer.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Wednesday, December 3, 2014
Stephen Bright's Course on Capital Punishment Available Online
Harvey Karp Visiting Lecturer in Law Stephen B. Bright's course "Capital Punishment: Race, Poverty, & Disadvantage" is now available on iTunes U and YouTube.
Wednesday, October 15, 2014
Professor Resnik Selected as Visiting Scholar by Phi Beta Kappa Society
The Phi Beta Kappa Society has selected Judith Resnik, the Arthur Liman Professor of Law at Yale Law School, as a 2014-2015 Visiting Scholar.
Monday, September 8, 2014
Professor Edgar S. Cahn '63 to Present Dean's Lecture on Issues Impacting Law and Justice
Edgar S. Cahn '63, Professor of Law at the University of the District of Columbia David A. Clarke School of Law, will deliver a Dean's Lecture on September 29, 2014. The lecture is titled "The Change That's Coming."
Thursday, July 3, 2014
The Intersection of Theory and Practice
The Law School's Ph.D.
Monday, June 9, 2014
Fiona Doherty '99 Awarded Yale Provost Teaching Prize
Clinical Associate Professor of Law Fiona Doherty '99 was recently honored as one of the winners of the 2013-2014 Yale Provost's Teaching Prize, which recognizes untenured Yale faculty who exemplify excellence in teaching.
Thursday, April 24, 2014
Wednesday, March 5, 2014
Robert C. Post '77 Reappointed Dean of Yale Law School
Yale University President Peter Salovey has announced the reappointment of Robert C. Post '77 as Dean of Yale Law School and Sol and Lillian Goldman Professor of Law, effective July 1, 2014, for a term of three years.
Tuesday, February 11, 2014
Rare Book Bindings Revealed by New Imaging Technology
A new exhibit of books in the Lillian Goldman Law Library is showcasing how modern technology can bring historical details and artwork to light.


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Why the world is preparing for war in Mali
Regional volatility, imported weapons from Libya, and a poisonous religious ideology have turned the West African nation into a new Afghanistan
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According to the commander of U.S. Africa Command, al Qaeda is operating terrorist training camps in Mali, a land-locked country in West Africa. In a recent speech to the Homeland Security Policy Institute at George Washington University, Gen. Carter F. Ham described the ascendant al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, saying that this al Qaeda affiliate has been recruiting and providing support to militant Islamic organizations in the region.
Mali was once considered to be among the few bright spots on an often-grim continent, but over the last decade it has seen a gradual erosion of stability. Earlier this year, a military junta overthrew the democratically elected government, and in April, separatists in the north declared independence. Islamic rebels soon rejected the idea of secession, however, in favor of imposing sharia law in Mali. Areas where sharia fell into practice soon saw the medieval brutality that typically follows its implementation. The general volatility of the region, coupled with weapons imported from Libya and a poisonous religious ideology, have rendered Mali — which is roughly twice the size of Texas (with half the population) — a new Afghanistan.
This has not gone unnoticed. Last month, the United Nations began a process by which an African security force might bring order to the north. Though no funds were appropriated for the cause, recommendations were made for other countries to provide training and intelligence for such forces. The United States is well positioned to do just such a thing.
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Operation Enduring Freedom is generally associated only with Afghanistan, but is, in fact, a global mission. Mali falls under OEF-Trans Sahara, and U.S. forces have already deployed humanitarian aid packages and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance platforms in the region. (Congress has written a $500 million check for ongoing operations.) It's almost certain that many elements of an African expeditionary force deployed to take back the north will have already received training from U.S. special operations forces.
Every year, multinational "Flintlock" exercises are held in Africa and rotated between countries. The goal of the training is to build up indigenous counterterrorism capabilities. Flintlock 2012, slated to be held in Mali, was postponed because of the deteriorating situation. A smaller exercise called Atlas Accord was held instead.
Since the onset of the war on terror, Green Berets from the 3rd, 10th, and 19th Special Forces Group (Airborne) have conducted much of the training in the region. And U.S. Africa Command was stood up in 2008 to direct military operations on the continent. With its activation has come a massive increase in the American footprint, and its first combat engagement — Operation Odyssey Dawn, which enacted a no-fly zone over Libya. The new Defense Clandestine Service, which is part of the Defense Intelligence Agency, is expected to play a large role in human intelligence and espionage in Africa.
It has long been known that the elite Joint Special Operations Command is engaged in special reconnaissance and direct action missions across all of Africa. Additional evidence of a presence in Mali came in July, when three U.S. soldiers were killed there in a car crash. One of the soldiers belonged to the Intelligence and Security Command, a highly secretive signals intelligence unit that works closely with JSOC. (WikiLeaks had earlier revealed plans to embed commandos with the Malian ground forces.)
Clearly, a U.S. force is needed if order is ever to be restored in Mali. Perhaps the most obvious sign of just how hopelessly outmatched the Malian army is versus al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb came in 2009, when terrorists inflicted the worst casualties seen by the military since 1991. U.S. soldiers from 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne) later investigated a July 4 ambush that turned into a debacle for Mali. "When the survivors of the July 4 ambush were asked why they had left behind so many vehicles to be captured by AQIM, they said the drivers had been killed and no one else in the unit knew how to drive. When asked why they had not used a heavy machine gun, they answered that the gunner who knew how to operate the weapon had also been killed, and he was the only one who knew what to do."
Today, militias comprised of young men and women are attempting to pick up where the army of Mali has failed. This makeshift fighting force has a much greater interest in defeating the terrorist threat in the region than does its professional soldiering counterpart. Sharia has obliterated a way of life, brutalized a populace, rendered tourist-friendly areas such as Timbuktu inhospitable, and even razed ancient shrines and artifacts for insufficient deference to Allah. Last month in Timbuktu, six young people from ages 16 to 22 were each given 100 lashes for conversing while unmarried. Such daily barbarism is more than sufficient motivation to pick up a rifle and help restore sanity to a war-torn land. If recent actions of the U.N. and U.S. are any indication, they will soon have much-needed help.
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David W. Brown is coauthor of Deep State (John Wiley & Sons, 2013) and The Command (Wiley, 2012). He is a regular contributor to TheWeek.com, Vox, The Atlantic, and mental_floss. He can be found online here.
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Milan is great. I'll definitely come back to you!
Tommy Hilfiger sneakers
Tisot watch
not branded jeans
various accessory
beautiful pics and outfit
see my fashion blog here: http://tr3ndygirl.com
what a lovely place:)ReplyDelete
You look gorgeous doll, lovely pictures :)) xReplyDelete
Italy is beautiful! love the pictures!!
xx Janice
Замечательное путешествие!ReplyDelete
What gorgeous pictures! I would love to visit there :)
This blue peasant blouse is very nice. This is a very cool casual outfit you've put together, and you look equally cool. Milan is a beautiful city (not that I've been). You've taken some great pictures. Great one, Lyosha!
Cool pictures :)ReplyDelete
the park looks really nice, Ly! so green! thanks for sharing these lovely pictures!
$150 Old Navy Giveaway!
$150 Target GIVEAWAY
So much loveliness!
I adore your buildings photos and your bohemian top!
Awesome pictures!! I love Milan too!!!
Don't Call Me Fashion Blogger
I love your blog! It's great :) You are amazing! Feel free to my blog :)) Maybe, you follow my blog ? ♥ (If you like it)
Kisses ♥♥♥
These photos are so nice. Me too i love milan. Your outfit is great. Nice shirt.ReplyDelete
Hi! Lovely photos!!! Great places!!!!!!!!!!!!
Have a good trip!!!
Angela Donava
Yeahhhh... we love Milan!!!
Video outfit YOUTUBE
Milan is an amazing city! Beautiful photos Lyosha! You look nice!:) Kisses! xoReplyDelete
Замечательные фотографии! Синяя блузка очень здорово смотрится!
Amazing pictures! I love Milan!
Hello my Dear,
what wonderful pictures from you.
You look so happy - it´s nice to watch your pictures.
Have a good time in Milan.
It´s a wonderful town.
Bye bye
Your Bluemchenmama
Nice pics and like I see you had a great time.
Milano is beautiful, such a pity I've never been there! Your blouse is lovely, I adore items like that!
Where are you going in Germany, maybe we can meet? It would be great!
Italy looks so beautiful. I wish I could visit it. Love your pictures.
Tracy @ www.sunnydaystarrynight.com
Beautiful places, great post!ReplyDelete
Such beautiful pictures!! Loved your post!
Glow and Blush


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The SunCat Batteries - DIY prototypes
Project by Knut Karlsen
At home i always have some batteries lying around, either rechargeable or normal ones. Usually they are empty, but i'd like them to be always fully charged. I could use a normal charger and there is a lot of solar devices that charge rechargeable batteries. I wanted it simpler; why hasn't anyone made a battery with integrated solar cells? The idea of the "SunCat" batteries where born. The batteries should just bask in the sun like a cat and left for a while, in a sunny window, they would slowly recharge.
During my research for my diploma i was in touch with scientists at IFE that experimented with the production of flexible solar cells. They where kind enough to send me some samples in the right dimensions that i could use for the prototypes (full set at flickr):
I had some older NiMH rechargeable batteries that i glued the flexible Photo Voltaic (PV) cells onto. The PV cells are rated at 1.8V and the batteries are 1.5V so they match quite well.
Half glued you can see the really shiny polymer substrate backside of the PV cell. The crude written text says: 3x0,6V B: 13.411.09 Which i guess is the voltage and a batch number.
Using a conductive silver pen and some flat wires from a broken canon lens I made an ok connection to the PV cell.
This setup is infact a (quite weak) trickle charger. It is not ideal, but really convenient. A second version would have some electronics (to check when full) and capacitors to charge the batteries more efficiently, but the battery would then be smaller if it all needs to fit within a C-cell battery.
The sun did not shine today, infact it was snowing. But i'll sure let them hang around in my window and take some more pictures when the sun shines.


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Successful customer retention and acquisition strategies are more important than ever. The problem is that traditional methods don't work anymore.
Social collaboration and communications are evolving rapidly, and significant changes are being made in the way consumers and companies engage. At this point, social media sites are indispensable to defining an innovative customer support organization and creating the sustaining processes that strengthen and build relationships to drive revenue and keep customers coming back.
Rosetta Stone first integrated support operations with Facebook for our more than 400,000 fans so they can get the answers they need. We used an integrated social CRM solution from cloud-based provider Parature to enable our customers to search a knowledge base, submit tickets and chat live with a representative. After the interaction is over, our customers can share the positive experience with their Facebook friends. Direct customer engagement through Facebook not only promotes the Rosetta Stone brand, but keeps our customers engaged and satisfied while generating additional sales.
So, what about your company? How can you provide a profitable and efficient integrated support strategy that spans multiple communication channels? It's easier than you think, and social media is a huge piece of the puzzle. Here are some strategies:
Spread your support around. Social media isn't only Facebook and Twitter. There are many channels you can use, but if you are going to engage in conversations with customers, you need to be active on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, YouTube and other social platforms. Those interactions should not just consist of posting wall responses, but should provide real support through social network mechanisms such as live chat and ticket submission. Every channel of customer support should be accessible from every social media site and in everything that's Web-based, from products to games. This interaction is key, as these sites are accessed by customers multiple times a day.
Social media is the new comment card. Social customer service is replacing the traditional comment card: Customers can express honest opinions about what they like and don't like. Businesses need to take these comments seriously, especially because of the viral nature of social media sites.
Social media also allows consumers to view other customers' inquiries, and to determine whether their question has already been answered. Companies that implement integrated knowledge bases into Facebook and other social media sites can deflect one-to-one inquiries by helping customers resolve their own issues quickly when they want to get answers.
Let the pros do their jobs through social media. Get the customer service and support teams involved with social media. For example, Rosetta Stone integrates all comments, responses, tickets and self-service issue resolution into our customer support operations and software. With this feature, we can resolve customer inquiries quickly (and profitably), while tracking every interaction—whether it is on the phone, via e-mail or through Facebook.
Social media is on your side. It's scary to think that one negative tweet, post or video can create a snowball effect that can cost millions of dollars to repair, but you need to stop being afraid of social media. Remember, each time a fan comments on a brand's Facebook page, that interaction is shared with an average of 130 friends (according to research firm Altimeter Group).
Social media should be viewed not as a threat, but as an opportunity to provide customers with a rich interactive experience that can increase loyalty by responding to complaints in a timely and honest manner. Shared "positive sentiments" by customers can snowball and have a lasting revenue-generating effect.
Do it in your own way. Your company should think about how to use social media as a valuable promotional tool—a way to engage customers with your products and services. Consumers have already adapted to the social media world, so it's essential for you to get on board. With continuing economic uncertainty and tight budgets, your company will be fighting for every dollar.
Keeping the customers you have is less expensive than acquiring new ones. However, in this increasingly collaborative world, you can reach prospects by providing top-notch support that easily and quickly builds brand loyalty and spreads the word to prospective customers simply by extending interaction and support operations into multiple social platforms.
Jay Topper is senior vice president, customer success, at Rosetta Stone.


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A humans body temperature averages at around
A dog's body temperature averages at around
- If the temperature outside is
45°Fwho would feel colder?
The dog's temperature is higher than the human. So you would assume since its temperature is higher it would feel warmer than the human.
However, the temperature difference between the body and the external temperature is the following:
Difference in humans internal and ambient temperate:
Difference in dog's internal and ambient temperate:
I'd like to know as I keep telling my mom that the dogs feel hot when she puts on doggy sweaters for them when its slightly cold for us humans.


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Official Release: The pioneering character of the new BMW 7 Series model range is in the spotlight once again with the introduction of an intelligent drive concept. The BMW eDrive technology based on the knowledge gained from the development of BMW i cars has arrived in the luxury class and adds outstanding sustainability-led qualities to the new BMW 7 Series. The new 2017 BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance is powered by a plug-in hybrid drive system using the precisely executed interplay of a four-cylinder gasoline engine with BMW TwinPower Turbo technology and an electrical machine integrated into the 8-speed Steptronic transmission to generate a system output of 322 hp. This iPerformance model features BMW's intelligent all-wheel drive system to distributes the combined power of the combustion engine and electrical machine permanently and as required between the front and rear wheels. The 2017 BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance is already in production and will arrive at U.S. dealerships in August starting at $89,100 plus $995 Destination and Handling.
The plug-in hybrid variant of the new BMW 7 Series delivers a dynamic driving experience and long-distance comfort with the added virtues of all-electric, locally emission-free mobility. The BMW iPerformance Automobiles represent the most rigorous implementation of BMW EfficientDynamics. Their BMW eDrive technology teams up with intelligent energy management, an extensive weight-reduction program as part of BMW EfficientLightweight and innovative aerodynamics optimization measures.
The BMW Group defined the sustainability targets for the new BMW 7 Series to include the vehicle's entire life cycle since the beginning of development. The environmental impact termed the "greenhouse potential", is measured on the basis of the CO2e emissions produced by everything from the extraction of raw materials through the entire manufacturing, the actual usufruct of the vehicle and finishes with the recycling at the end of the vehicle's life. These improvements have been achieved through measures including the use of secondary aluminum in cast components and recycled plastics, and by increasing the proportion of power from renewable sources used in vehicle production. The BMW eDrive technology in the BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance ensures its greenhouse potential (CO2e) is approximately 30 percent lower than that of the gasoline powered 740i over the full lifecycle of the car.
Like the BMW eDrive technology on the plug-in hybrid of the new BMW 7 Series, the intelligent lightweight design featuring carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is also based on expertise forged in the development of BMW i cars. The body structure with Carbon Core, first presented in the new BMW 7 Series, is the result of the BMW Group's unparalleled know-how in the industrial use of CFRP in the automotive industry. Experience gathered at BMW i has also been used in the model-specific configuration of the electrical machine, power electronics and lithium-ion high-voltage battery. Customers can rely on innovative products and mobility services originally developed for BMW i cars, such as the BMW i Charging Station and the ChargeNow service, for charging the high-voltage battery at home and during a journey.
The BMW eDrive technology has been tailored specifically for the plug-in hybrid member of the new BMW 7 Series family. The electric boost function provides a noticeable increase in dynamic performance – expressed most prominently by the powertrain's instantaneous responses – and combines with enhanced efficiency. With its eDrive technology the BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance can be driven in all-electric mode up to 75 mph. Combined fuel economy of 64 MPGe and an all-electric range of 14 miles is possible (EPA official figures).
The best of two worlds: BMW eDrive and BMW TwinPower Turbo technology.
The plug-in hybrid system of the BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance brings together the latest innovations from the world of combustion engines and electric drive systems. The combustion engine with BMW TwinPower Turbo technology belongs to the BMW Group's new EfficientDynamics engine family. Developing a maximum output of 255 hp, it is the most powerful four-cylinder engine ever fitted in a series-produced BMW. Instantaneous power delivery and peak torque of 295 lb-ft – on tap between 1,550 rpm and 4,400 rpm, ensure dynamic performance at all times.
The new engine makes use of a TwinScroll turbocharger integrated into the cast-steel exhaust manifold, High Precision Injection with a maximum pressure of 200 bar, the latest version of VALVETRONIC variable valve lift and variable camshaft control on both the intake and exhaust sides (Double-VANOS). Balancer shafts with rolling bearing supports in the aluminum crankcase enhance the engine's refinement, while the electrically controlled wastegate for the turbocharger optimizes power delivery. Moreover, electronically switchable engine mounts provide the connection with the body. These mounts smooth out the vibrations caused by the engine as required, ensuring that all occupants experience exceptionally low vibration levels and the engine delivers outstanding refinement.
Since the iPerformance variant of the luxury sedan come with a specific, extremely powerful starter motor for the combustion engine and a compressor for the climate control system that operates using energy from the high-voltage battery, the gasoline engine is equipped with a special belt drive. This removes the need to integrate the generator and refrigerant compressor as required in conventionally powered vehicles. A large proportion of the engine's output and torque available to be converted into dynamic performance.
The electrical machine also displays hallmark BMW performance characteristics. Based on the principle of a permanently excited synchronous motor, the electric drive system stands out with its linear power delivery up into the higher reaches of the rev range and its exceptionally high level of efficiency. Its maximum output is 111 hp and, as is characteristic for electric drive systems, it serves up its peak torque of 184 lb-ft. The boost effect for the combustion engine provides thrilling, instantaneous responsiveness and power build-up with absolutely no delay when accelerating. The electrical machine also takes on the role of a generator – powered, depending on the hybrid function selected, either by recuperating energy on the overrun and under braking or by efficiently raising the engine's load points. It then feeds the energy it generates into the high-voltage battery.
The electrical machine is fully integrated into the car's 8-speed Steptronic transmission ensuring optimal operation of pure-electric driving, electric boost and recuperation of braking energy. This integration also means the transmission does not require a torque converter (enabling a reduction in weight), while the electrical machine takes over the function of the starter element. The 8-speed Steptronic transmission combines efficiency, comfort and dynamic gearshifts at a high level. The transmission's broad spread of ratios helps the car quick acceleration figures but also promotes low energy consumption when driving at higher speeds. Gearshift paddles on the steering wheel are standard, enabling the driver to make manual gear selections with exceptional swiftness and the greatest of ease.
Working together intelligently, the combustion engine and electric drive system bring a system output of 322 hp and combined peak torque of 369 lb-ft. Immediate response to every movement of the accelerator and sustained delivery of dynamic power allow the BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance to dash from 0 to 60 mph in just 5.1 seconds. The top speed is electronically limited to 155 mph.
BMW's intelligent all-wheel drive system.
BMW eDrive can be combined with a large number of combustion engines and model-specific drive configurations. The BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance follows the same concept as the BMW X5 xDrive40e iPerformance Sports Activity Vehicle as the brand's second model to distribute its power permanently to all four wheels in all drive combinations.
The intelligent all-wheel-drive system ensures ideal traction, optimized directional stability and enhanced agility through corners in all weather and road conditions. An electronically controlled multi-plate clutch enables the fully variable distribution of the engine's power between the front and rear wheels. By linking up with DSC (Dynamic Stability Control), the xDrive system can act in advance to counter understeer or oversteer and direct the power from the engine and electrical machine to optimize handling dynamics at all times.
Individualized powertrain configurations.
The eDrive button on the center console allows the driver to select from the AUTO eDRIVE, MAX eDRIVE and Battery Control settings, to determine the operating approach of the plug-in hybrid drive system. AUTO eDRIVE, which is automatically activated when the vehicle starts up, uses intelligent energy management to ensure the combustion engine and electrical machine work together to the best possible effect in terms of both efficiency and dynamics. The operating strategy defaults to all-electric mode at low and moderate speeds to utilize the advantages of locally emission-free mobility as widely as possible. The combustion engine only joins in at a speed of 50 mph or under heavy throttle applications. The electrical machine ensures the switch from pure-electric to hybrid mode takes place extremely smoothly.
The electric drive system also delivers additional torque through its boost function allowing instantaneous throttle responses and a noticeable increase in pulling power at all times. These characteristics lend the engine the appeal of a unit with a far larger displacement. The electric assist function enables a targeted lowering of the engine's load points when greater power is needed, and that enhances the system's efficiency. Whenever the navigation system's route guidance function is activated, proactive energy management adapts the drive system's operating strategy to optimize efficiency. It also ensures the high-voltage battery has sufficient charge remaining to reach the selected destination in pure-electric driving mode.
The driver can switch to the MAX eDRIVE operating function at the touch of a button. In this setting, the car is powered exclusively by the electrical machine, although the combustion engine can be activated at any time by pushing the accelerator into kickdown.
The Battery Control setting allows the charge of the high-voltage battery to be set manually. The driver can input a target value between 30 and 100 percent of maximum charge, which is then available for pure-electric driving later in the journey. Depending on the driver's requirements, the charge of the high-voltage battery is maintained at a constant level or – using the electrical machine's generator function – increased to the target charge level selected. For example, electric power can be held back or even increased while on the highway so that it can be deployed subsequently for locally emission-free driving. This strategy allows the use of electric energy in a targeted manner and at the desired time.
Regardless of the setting selected via the eDrive button, when the gearshift lever is moved into the S position the engine turns on as required to ensure the maximum combined output of the two drive systems is permanently available.
Driving Dynamics Control switch with ADAPTIVE mode.
The iPerformance model of the new BMW 7 Series is also fitted as standard with the newly designed Driving Dynamics Control switch on the center console. At the touch of a button, the driver can activate a vehicle setting that optimizes dynamics, comfort or efficiency. Their selection adjusts the characteristics of the accelerator and steering, the gearshift profile of the Steptronic transmission and the responses of the Dynamic Damper Control system. The range of characters encompassed by the ECO PRO, COMFORT and SPORT modes are even more clearly defined than with conventionally powered vehicles.
COMFORT mode provides the plug-in hybrid BMW 7 Series model with a smoothly balanced overall set-up. In this mode, the electrical machine delivers relaxed driving with the lowest possible energy consumption. In SPORT mode the power of both the combustion engine and the electrical machine team up to provide a firmer damper setting, increased accelerator response, sharper gear shift dynamics and direct steering characteristics to maximize dynamic performance. The electric boost function is also increased, as is recuperation under braking and on the overrun.
The hybrid-specific version of the ECO PRO mode supports an operating strategy which aims to maximize the car's electric range. As a result, the electric boost function supplementing the power of the combustion engine is only activated if the accelerator is pushed into kickdown. Energy recuperation on overrun also takes a limited strategy. Instead, a hybrid-specific coasting function is triggered at speeds between 25 – 100 mph. As soon as the driver releases the accelerator, the combustion engine is switched off. In addition, recuperation of braking energy is reduced to the level required by the onboard power supply. The car therefore runs on the minimum possible energy consumption and with the lowest possible mechanical resistance. As with the other models in the new BMW 7 Series, ECO PRO mode features precisely measured power control for electrically operated convenience functions, such as the climate control system, seat heating and exterior mirror heating.
The Driving Dynamics Control switch also offers drivers of plug-in hybrid variants of the new BMW 7 Series the option of selecting ADAPTIVE mode. In this setting, the car adapts to the driver's style and route profile, taking their cues from movements in the steering wheel, accelerator and brake pedal, as well as from the position of the gearshift lever (D or S position). The navigation system's map data is used to ensure the right set-up option is made available when the driver switches from city driving to highway, for example, as well as on twisty sections of road or when approaching an intersection.
High-voltage lithium-ion battery: developed specifically for BMW iPerformance.
The high-voltage lithium-ion battery in the BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance stands out with its compact construction and has a gross capacity of 9.2 kWh (net capacity: 6.5 kWh). It consists of 96 cells arranged in six modules and has its own cooling system integrated into the climate control system for the interior. The high-voltage battery was developed specifically for this model and is accommodated underneath the rear seat bench in a space-saving position that also ensures optimum crash safety. As in its BMW 7 Series siblings, the trunk area of the new BMW iPerformance variant also benefits from a level surface and high-convenience practicality. It provides 14.8 ft3 of space, which far exceeds that of comparable plug-in hybrid models in the luxury sedan segment, while extra capacity can be gained by using the storage compartment underneath the load compartment floor, lowering the cover in the rear section of the trunk or opening the side storage compartments.
The energy flow between the high-voltage battery, electrical machine and charger is controlled by power electronics also developed specifically for this iPerformance model. The power electronics also regulate the supply of energy from the high-voltage battery to the 12V onboard electrical system via a voltage transformer.
BMW 360° Electric Lifestyle: Simple, convenient and flexible charging.
The high-voltage battery on the 7 Series iPerformance can be charged from most dedicated standard household outlets (120V), or for more convenience, a BMW Charging Station designed for quicker charge time at home. On the go, drivers can easily access participating public charging stations using the ChargeNow access card included in every BMW 740e xDrive (in the glovebox). The BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance comes standard with a Level 1 charging cable ("Occasional Use Cable" "OUC"), which is stored in a bag and can be held in place using a tension belt on the left-hand side of the trunk.
The battery can be charged to full capacity in under 7 hours from a residential 120V outlet using the OUC, while tailor-made solutions enabling safe, straightforward charging are available through BMW 360° Electric Lifestyle, such as the BMW Installation Services and BMW Solar Energy programs. The BMW Charging Station uses its output of 3.6kW – 7.2 kW (16/32 A, 240 V) to reduce charging time to just under three hours, to wake up to a fully charged vehicle each day. The progress of the charging process can be tracked via a graphic in the car's instrument cluster or the BMW Connected app on a smartphone.
BMW 360° Electric Lifestyle offers an all-encompassing concept covering the supply and installation of the residential charging station and other services. ChargeNow, the public charging program for BMW drivers, grants single-card access to partner public charging stations, while the BMW Solar Energy Program allows the driver to fuel the vehicle and the home with clean, renewable solar energy.
Hybrid-specific Instrument Cluster and Central Information Display.
The charger connection for the high-voltage battery, which can be found under the flap in the left-hand front side panel of the BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance, points to the character of the drive concept, as does the "eDrive" badge on the C-pillars and the door sill plates. The high-set position of the connection makes the charging process easier. The transfer of technology from BMW i is also noticed by the BMW i logo on the front side panels (left and right), the BMW kidney grille bars in BMW i Blue and blue hub covers.
Among the most prominent hybrid-specific features in the interior alongside the eDrive button are the special graphic displays in the instrument cluster and Central Information Display. The CID can display the energy flow with real-time information about the operation of the hybrid drivetrain in combination with the combustion engine, electric machine and high-voltage battery and indicate the charge level of the Li-Ion battery. Details on the car's electric range and overall range can be called up at any time, as can the current gasoline/electric power consumption, the flow of regen electric energy into the high-voltage battery and the progress of a charge.
The iDrive operating system also offers hybrid-specific menu items and displays. During the course of a journey, the driver can call up an energy flow graphic providing information on the interaction of the combustion engine and electrical machine, as well as the supply of energy into the high-voltage battery. Other Infotainment functions include displays detailing the car's gasoline/electric power consumption history and the distance covered on electric power alone, not to mention a diagram showing how the hybrid system is using navigation data to prepare for an imminent change under the current driving profile.
Standard equipment includes auxiliary air conditioning.
The high level of standard equipment for the BMW 740e xDrive iPerformance includes LED headlights, the BMW Display Key, the ConnectedDrive navigation package, smartphone integration with wireless charging for mobile phones, an iDrive operating system expanded to include a touchscreen function for the Control Display and the globally unique BMW Gesture Control feature. Customers can also look forward to auxiliary heating and air conditioning, which allow them to precondition the car's interior temperature in advance. The heating and air conditioning system of the plug-in hybrid models is supplied with energy via the high-voltage battery and works almost silently due to the electric operation of the refrigerant compressor and water heater. The auxiliary air conditioning function is powered by the mains supply when the car's battery is being charged, while a timer function allows the advance preparation of the interior and charging of the battery to be programed via the iDrive menu.
In addition, the BMW Connected app allows the driver to activate the auxiliary air conditioning function from outside the car via a smartphone. It also supplies information on the charge of the high-voltage battery, the location of public charging stations, the distance covered on electric power alone and the amount of gasoline saved as a result.
Exceptional efficiency combined with driving dynamics, long-distance comfort and made-to-measure luxury.
BMW eDrive technology brings together exceptional efficiency and a form of luxurious driving pleasure and long-distance comfort that speaks to both the present and the future. Individually adjustable dynamics and comfort are the product of advanced chassis technology, which in the BMW iPerformance new BMW 7 Series also includes two-axle air suspension with automatic self-levelling and Dynamic Damper Control. Integral Active Steering, meanwhile, is available as an option. Occupant protection is provided by an extremely high-strength passenger cell, generously sized deformation zones and precisely defined load paths to redirect impact energy. Other standard safety equipment include: front and side airbags, head/curtain airbags for the front and rear, three-point inertia-reel seat belts with belt force limiters and belt tensioners in the front seats, ISOFIX child seat mountings in the rear.
Another item on the long list of standard equipment is the Ambiance Lightning, which includes the LED Light Carpet and Ambient highlight in the rear compartment. Optional features providing an exceptionally luxurious way to travel are the Bowers & Wilkins Diamond Surround Sound System and the Ambient Air package. Customers can also specify comfort seats, active seat ventilation, the massage function with Vitality Program and the heated front and rear armrests for both front and rear seats. The Panoramic Sky Lounge LED Roof is also available as an option.
The selection of driver assistance systems includes the new-generation BMW Head-Up Display, Parking Assistant, Active Driving Assistant, Active Cruise Control with Stop & Go, Active Lane Keeping Assistant with side collision avoidance and Surround View systems. The BMW iPerformance variant of the new BMW 7 Series can also be specified as an option with the M Sport package, an Interior Design Package and BMW Individual Design Composition.


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New Soybean Line Offers Strong Resistance to Nematodes
By Jim Core
July 29, 2004
A new soybean line from the Agricultural Research Service and the University of Missouri delivers a rare combination of resistance to two leading nematode pests. The release is good news for consumers of edible natto soybeans.
The germplasm line, designated S99-3181, was initially bred for resistance to both soybean cyst nematode (SCN) and southern root-knot nematode by Grover Shannon, a soybean breeder at the University of Missouri's Delta Research Center in Portageville, Mo. Prakash R. Arelli, a geneticist at the ARS Nematology Research Unit in Jackson, Tenn., identified S99-3181 for its resistance to SCN.
Natto soybeans get their name from a Japanese fermented soybean dish most commonly eaten at breakfast on top of rice, but it is also used in other dishes and during other meals.
Very few soybean lines, especially natto type, have this combination of broad nematode resistance and high yield potential, according to Arelli. In fact, during field trails, its yield was found to be equal to, or higher than, yields of Hutcheson, a popular cultivar. Additionally, the line also has shatter resistance, which means it will hold its seed after maturing.
The new line has broad resistance to SCN, the most destructive soybean pest in the United States, causing annual losses as high as $438 million. The cyst nematodes attack the roots of developing plants. Root-knot nematodes are the second most destructive soybean pest in the southern United States.
The line is expected to be used as a parent in breeding programs to develop new varieties that reduce soybean yield loss and reduce the need for pesticides. But growers might want to plant S99-3181 seeds directly, according to Arelli.
The new line is a cross between S93-1344 and Camp. Arelli uses traditional breeding and marker-assisted selection to find new resistant genes in soybeans.
ARS is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief scientific research agency.


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Clarisse has steadily grown from a small company into a popular platform for evening and cocktail wear. Clarisse prides Themselves on adhearing to the core values of carrying quality pieces on an easily accessible platform for the best possible price. Until 2014 Clarisse's target customers were primarily adolescent women with the Clarisse Classic and Clarisse Couture lines. The two lines consist of beautiful and unique pageant gowns, prom dresses and gowns, homecoming dresses, cocktail dresses and black tie evening wear. Presently, that customer base had been extended to women of any age with Clarisse Atelier, a line targeting women in their early twenties and up. Clarisse Atelier showcases magnificent pieces with high quality chiffon, silk and lace and more mature accents, such as plunging necklines, mesh sleeves and lace bodices. Clarisse will continue to grow as a company and as a designer label. We are aiming to be your "forever brand" and hope you rely on us to dress you for any special or social occasion.
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Droning Chase Rice Open Letter Pretty Much Admits His New Single Sucks
"I've even started disliking these songs that I have written about a girl and a truck and a perfect night. I don't dislike the ones I have put out. I just dislike the amount of songs I put out about that sort of subject matter."
This was stunning (and slightly contradictory) admonition that Bro-Country artist Chase Rice made to the Sun Times back in October. Most infamous for being one of the co-writers on Florida Georgia Line's mega-hit "Cruise," Chase went on to become one of the defining artists of the Bro-Country movement when his album Ignite The Night was released in 2014. Rice's single "Ready Set Roll" became the poster boy for the misogynistic bent of Bro-Country, commanding his object of desire to "get your little fine ass on the step, shimmy up inside." But ahead of his new upcoming album he's begun to sing a completely different tune.
"It's exciting for me at this point of my life to really know who I am," Rice says. "I put out 19 songs on my last album, and I figured out through that what I love and what I hate. It will be all about depth in this next record. If there is any way to find out who someone truly is, it's through hearing about the deepest parts of their lives. That's what these new songs will have in them."
Chase was sure saying the right things, as are a lot of the Bro-Country acts who are now acknowledging the flight of interest in the bastardized style of country music. But words are cheap, and actions speak louder. And it didn't take long for Chase to break his promise that his next album would be "all" about depth.
Just as Chase Rice was the lesser-known, but equally important player helping to usher in Bro-Country, he also part of a growing chorus of country stars pretty much openly admit their lead single sucks. But that's okay because their albums will be better. Right now, mainstream country music is almost solely predicated on the life of an album's lead single. It is the alpha and omega barometer of the industry. Everybody knows that lead singles are abominations of the format. But they are absolutely necessary to secure the radio play necessary to give an artist and an album the boost it needs to get from the studio to the store. If the lead single fails, so does the album, and potentially an artist's entire career.
READ: Country Music Needs to Let Go of the Radio Crutch
You can at least give Chase Rice credit for his honesty, because even though he does his best to beat around the bush in a painstakingly-long chicken-scratched letter he released to his fans on Friday (2/5) he basically admits that his new single "Whisper" is bad, cliche, and lacks substance or story. But he promises the album will be much better. He even plays up the whole card about how the album concept and substance in music still matters, as if these words will make up for what "Whisper" symbolizes.
Despite Chase's praising of the album concept, most of his spasmodic fans aren't going to purchase a hard copy of his new album anyway. Most would need a Ritalin pill to make it through this letter.
What the Chase Rice letter tries to establish is that it's okay if your singles suck, as long as you admit that to your fans. It's a strange game of open-faced poker where your admitting you're poisoning the masses, but believe apologizing for it ahead of time somehow removes all blame, when in truth all it does is admit culpability.
Chase's letter is marketing. But what it does speak to is how the criticism of country's direction is being heard and acknowledged in every sector of country music, and can't just be ignored. The criticism of songs like "Whisper" is a force in the marketplace itself, so much so that it must be calculated into a single release. "Whisper" even has Chase Rice fans saying, "I miss the old Chase Rice."
What's up y'all. Chase here. I wanna start by saying I hope y'all enjoy my new song "Whisper". My guys and I have put a ton of work and thought into this new music, and I know a bunch of you out there will love it. Having said that, I'm not ignorant, there are a lot of people out there waiting for country music to find a little more depth and meaning. Well, I agree with you. Country music deserves that. This first song may not be what you're looking for yet, but that's ok, because music was not meant to be heard in singles, but in Albums. My album will be out later this summer, and I can promise you one thing .. if you absolutely love this progressive version, I appreciate you, and I think you will love this upcoming album.
If you have listened to my music for years and want to hear more depth and meaning, I very much appreciate you, too, and your desires will also be fulfilled on this album (and truthfully that was my goal on previous albums with songs like "Carolina Can" and "Every Song I Sing.")
I grew up on guys like Garth Brooks and Kenny Chesney. Songs like "The Dance" and "There Goes My Life" spoke to me at that time and still do today. They helped shape me as an artist and as a man. I cannot speak to the state of country music, after all I'm just one small part of it. But I can speak about my music, and I have a strong desire to put my life in stories .. good or bad, fun or serious, cliche or not often said – into my albums.
Having said this, I know I can't please everybody, so if you're a fan of mine, thank you from the bottom of my heart. If you're not a fan of mine you most likely haven't gotten this far in this letter, but I appreciate you, too, because you, too, give me the drive to maybe one day convert you with three chords and the truth one song, or one show, but since it's coming from me, it's going to come to you one album at a time.
God bless.
The song "Whisper" will be dealt with specifically in due course.


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Learn About the Law
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[253 U.S. 77, 78] Messrs. John W. Ryan and Adelbert Moot, both of Buffalo, N. Y., for petitioner.
[253 U.S. 77, 79] Mr. Hamilton Ward, of Buffalo, N. Y. (Mr. Irving W. Cole, of Buffalo, N. Y., of counsel), for respondent.
Mr. Justice McKENNA delivered the opinion of the Court.
Action for damages under the federal Employers' Liability Act (Comp. St. 8657-8665) brought in the District Court for the Western District of New York.
The following are the allegations of the complaint stated narratively:
December 25, 1915, and prior thereto, defendant was an operator of a steam railroad and engaged in interstate commerce. On and prior to that date plaintiff as an employe of defendant operated a signaling tower and water tank in the town of Burns, N. Y., the tower being used for the operation of trains in interstate and intrastate commerce. The tank was used for supplying the locomotives of the trains with water, which was pumped from a closeby well into the tank by a gasoline engine which plaintiff ran.
In the nighttime of December 25, 1915, while plaintiff was engaged in starting the engine the gasoline suddenly exploded burning him and seriously and painfully and permanently injurying him, causing him immediate and permanent suffering and the expenditure of large sums of money, by all of which he was damaged in the sum of $25,000.
The engine was defective, which was the cause of the explosion, plaintiff being guilty of no negligence.
Judgment was prayed in the sum of $25,000.
Defendant by demurrer attacked the sufficiency of the complaint and the jurisdiction of the court.
The court (Judge Hazel) overruled the demurrer but in doing so expressed the conflicting considerations which swayed for and against its strength but finally held the complaint sufficient, 'and that plaintiff was engaged in interstate commerce or that his work was so closely connected therewith as to be a part of it.' To this conclusion [253 U.S. 77, 81] the court seemed to have been determined by Pedersen v. D., L. & W. R. R. Co., 229 U.S. 146 , 33 Sup. Ct. 648, Ann. Cas. 1914C, 153.
Defendant answered putting at issue the allegations of the complaint, and set up as separate defenses assumption of risk and contributory negligence.
A trial was had to a jury, during the course of which it was stipulated that at the time of plaintiff's injury and prior thereto 'trains carrying interstate commerce ran daily' and at such times 'water from the water tank was supplied daily in part to defendant's engines engaged in interstate commerce and in part to engines hauling intrastate freight.'
Motions for nonsuit and for a directed verdict were successively made and overruled.
The jury returned a verdict for plaintiff in the sum of $15,000 upon which judgment was entered against motion for arrest and new trial.
Error was then prosecuted to the Court of Appeals, which court affirmed the judgment, and to review its action this certiorari was granted.
The evidence presents very few matters of controversy. It establishes the employment of plaintiff by defendant, and its character, and presents the question whether it was in interstate commerce or intrastate commerce, in both of which, it is stipulated, defendant was engaged. And on this question the courts below decided the employment was in interstate commerce though exhibiting some struggle with opposing considerations.
They seemed to have been constrained to that conclusion by the same cases, and a review of them, h erefore, is immediately indicated to see whether in their discord or harmony, whichever exists, a solution can be found for the present controversy.
They all dealt with considerations dependent upon the [253 U.S. 77, 82] distinctions of fact and law between interstate and intrastate commerce. A distinction, it may at once be said, is plain enough so far as the essential characteristics of the commerces are concerned, but how far instruments or personal actions are connected with either and can be assigned to either, becomes in cases a matter of difficulty, and ground, it may be, of divergent judgments. With this in mind we review the cases.
But first as to the facts in this. Defendant is an interstate railroad and upon its line running from other states to New York it operated in New York a signal tower and switches to attend which plaintiff was employed. It also had near the tower a pumping station, consisting of water tank, and a gasoline engine for pumping purposes through which instrumentalities water was supplied to its engines in whichever commerce engaged. While in attendance at the pumping station plaintiff was injured. And such is the case, that is, while in attendance at the pumping station, it being his duty to so attend, was he injured in interstate commerce?
It can hardly be contended that while plaintiff was engaged in the signal tower he was not engaged in interstate commerce, though he may have on occasion signaled the approach or departure of intrastate trains, But it is contended that when he descended from the tower and went to the pumping station he put off an interstate character and took on one of intrastate quality or, it may be, was divested of both and sank into undesignated employment. A rather abrupt transition it would seem at first blush, and, if of determining influence, would subject the Employers' Liability Act to rapid changes of application, plaintiff being within it at one point of time and without it at another-- within it when on the signal tower, but without it when in the pump house, though in both places being concerned with trains engaged in interstate commerce. [253 U.S. 77, 83] But let us go from speculation to the cases. Pedersen v. D., L. & W. R. R. Co., 229 U.S. 146 , 33 Sup. Ct. 648, Ann. Cas. 1914C, 153, D., L. & W. R. R. Co. v. Yurkonis, 238 U.S. 439 , 35 Sup. Ct. 902, Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. Harrington, 241 U.S. 177 , 36 Sup. Ct. 517, Shanks v. D., L. & W. R. R. Co., 239 U.S. 556 , 36 Sup. Ct. 188, L. R. A. 1916C, 797, and Roush v. B. & O. R. R. Co. (D. C.) 243 Fed. 712, were considered by the Court of Appeals. Some state cases were also referred to.
In Pedersen v. D., L. & W. R. R. Co. it was held that one carrying bolts to be used in repairing an interstate railroad, and who was injured by an interstate train, was entitled to invoke the Employers' Liability Act. In other words, that one employed upon an instrumentality of interstate commerce was employed in interstate commerce. And it was said, citing cases:
In the Yurkonis Case the injury complained of happened to Yurkonis on a mine or colliery of the railroad by the explosion of gases when Yurkonis was engaged in and about the performance of his duties. It was held that an injury so received, though the coal was destined for use in interstate commerce, was not one occurring in such commerce.
In Roush v. B. & O. R. R. Co. (D. C.) 243 Fed. 712, the decision was that one employed in operating a pumping station which furnished water to interstate and intrastate roads was engaged in work incidental to interstate commerce, the court deducing that conclusion from cases from which it liberally quoted.
C., B. & Q. R. Co. v. Harrington, 241 U.S. 177 , 36 Sup. Ct. 517, the Court of Appeals considered as substantially the same in incident and principle with the Yurkonis Case,s upra. The case concerned an injury [253 U.S. 77, 84] while handling coal. It was a step or steps nearer the instrumentality of use. It was being removed when the injury complained of occurred from storage tracks to chutes. The employment was considered too distant from interstate commerce to be a part of it or to have 'close or direct relation to interstate transportation.' The Yurkonis Case was cited and applied.
Shanks v. D., L. & W. R. R. Co., 239 U.S. 556 , 36 Sup. Ct. 188, L. R. A. 1916C, 797, was considered of like character. The employment asserted to have been in interstate commerce was the taking down and putting up fixtures in a machine shop for repairing interstate locomotives.
Before summarizing these cases we may add Minneapolis & St. Louis R. R. Co. v. Winters, 242 U.S. 353 , 37 Sup. Ct. 170, Ann. Cas. 1918B, 54, and Southern Ry. Co. v. Puckett, 244 U.S. 571 , 37 Sup. Ct. 703, Ann. Cas. 1918B, 69. In the Winters Case the work was repairing an engine. The engine, it was said, had no definite destination. 'It simply had finished some interstate business and had not as yet begun upon any other.' As to such instrumentalities the determining principle was said to be that their character depends upon their 'employment at the time, not upon remote probabilities or accidental later events.'
In the Puckett Case an employe (car inspector) going to the relief of another employe stumbled over some large clinkers in his path while carrying a jack for raising a derailed car. It was decided that he was engaged in interstate commerce, the purpose being to open the way for interstate transportation.
These, then, being the cases, what do they afford in the solution of the case at bar? As we have said regarding the essential character of the two commerces, the differences between them is easily recognized and expressed, but, as we have also said, whether at a given time particular instrumentalities or employment may be assigned to one or the other may not be easy, and of this the cases are illustrative. What is their determining principle? [253 U.S. 77, 85] In the Pedersen Case it was said that the questions which naturally arise: 'Was that work being done independently of the interstate commerce in which the defendant was engaged, or was it so closely connected therewith as to be a part of it?' Or as said in Shanks v. D., L. & W. R. R. Co., supra, was the 'work so closely related to it [interstate commerce] as to be practically a part of it?' The answer must be in the affirmative. Plaintiff was assigned to duty in the signal tower and in the pump house and it was discharged in both on interstate commerce as well as on intrastate commerce, and there was no interval between the commerces that separated the duty, and it comes therefore within the indicated test. It may be said however, that this case is concerned exclusively with what was to be done, and was done, at the pump house. This may be true but his duty there was performed and the instruments and facilities of it were kept in readiness for use and were used on both commerces as were demanded, and the test of the cases satisfied.
There is only one other assertion of error that demands notice. The others (regarding assumption of risk and contributory negligence) counsel neither argue nor submit; their abandonment, therefore, may be assumed.
It is asserted against the verdict that it is 'outrageously excessive,' caused by the instruction of the court that plaintiff could recover 'for shame and humiliation.' Counsel's argument is not easy to represent or estimate. They say that 'mental pain' of the designated character, 'the suffering from feelings, is intangible, incapable of test or trial,' might vary in individuals, 'rests entirely in the belief of the sufferer, and is not susceptible of contradiction or rebuttal.' If all that be granted, it was for the consideration of the jury. It certainly cannot be pronounced a proposition of law that personal mutilation or i sfiguration may be a mater of indifference to any body [253 U.S. 77, 86] or that sensitiveness to it may vary with 'temperaments' and be incapable of measurement.
We see no error in the instruction.
Judgment affirmed.
Mr. Justice VAN DEVANTER and Mr. Justice PITNEY dissent.
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Real-time performance monitoring, in the greatest possible detail
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text: ABOUT PAUL Like many who have had a full life, Paul has had a checkered past. He spent most of his first paycheck from the International Accounting Firm KPMG to buy is first Minolta SRT-101. Although he spent the next 15 years with KPMG where he was ultimately a Partner, he continued shooting and spending evenings in his apartment's half bathroom which was converted as a dark room. Finally in 2002 with the advent of a reasonably priced digital SLR (reasonably being $5,000 not $25,000) Paul was able to move his passion for photography to a professional level. Since 2002, Paul's camera has taken him to 26 countries and crossed the US countless times. He has shot sub 4:00 mile runners, 170+ mph motorcyclists.Paul is most recognizable sitting backwards shooting Ironman triathlons and endurance events from the back of his motorcycle. In 2011 he started also riding while sitting on the front and his passion for motorsports has grown and naturally expanded his interest in shooting motorcycle racing.Paul is a two-time Olympic Photographer, has shot over 200 Ironman Triathlon and endurance events and is a BMW Motorrad NA Approved Expert Presenter.As one of the very few US photographers ever to experience the iconic Isle of Man TT up Close, Paul works with BMW Motorrad Dealers in the US to present his multimedia program Up Close at the TT.Paul is a regular contributor to:Triathlete MagazineTriathlon Magazine CanadaBMW ON MagazineMotorcyclistI truly believe that every shot is a lucky shot. No matter how great the equipment, how inspiring the background or how good you are, if there is no action, there is no shot! But to paraphrase Louis Pasteur 'Luck favors only the prepared mind'Our strategy is to do a lot of planning, work really hard, shoot intentionally and get really lucky. Fortunately, we get lucky a lot. None of this would be possible without the great race directors, their spectacular venues and hard work; and the amazing athletes who put on such a great show.Long ago I realized that every photographer's idea of a great shot is different and every photo editor is different than that. Similarly, I realized that no single photographer could adequately tell the story of a major event.I am always excited when some of my great photographers/friends can join me for key events, most notably the Medtronic Twin Cities Marathon, the Hawaii Ironman and an occasional event around the world.My thanks go out to Jonathan Phillips, Nick Morales, Joe Michl and Philippa Myers, for their amazing skills and vision, which add not only to our collective work product, but to me as well.Paul is also a three-time winner of Triathlon Business International's Best Published Photo Award and winner of Canon's Editors' Choice Award for Sports.


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McCaskill: If Boston bombings are terrorism, why not Sandy Hook?
If President Barack Obama and the U.S. government consider the perpetrator of the Boston bombings a terrorist, then why not the shooter who killed 20 children and six adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School?
"Based on the evidence at this point, is there any difference between Sandy Hook and Boston other than the choice of weapon?" Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-Mo.) asked Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano during a congressional hearing Wednesday.
Napolitano didn't have a simple response.
"In terms of intent for death and destruction and injury, no," she said, "Methodology, yes. And we don't know the motivation behind, certainly, Boston — we don't know whether it was domestic, it's international ..."
"Or if it was identical to the motivation in Sandy Hook," McCaskill suggested.
"It's impossible for me to sit at the table today and say they are identical except in effect and impact," Napolitano said.
( PHOTOS: Boston Marathon explosions)
On the same day the Senate was expected to vote on several gun-control provisions, McCaskill pressed Napolitano to reevaluate when and how the federal government defines a criminal act as terrorism — especially when, in the case of the Boston incident, no suspects or motives are known.
"We are so quick to call Boston terror," McCaskill said. "Why aren't we calling the man with the high-capacity assault weapon and the high-capacity magazine, why aren't we calling him a terrorist?"
"I don't know the answer to that question," the secretary replied.
"It just is troubling to me," said McCaskill, a former county prosecutor. "I think both of them, maybe they had identical motives. Just one chose a military-style weapon with a high-capacity magazine, and the other one chose to make a homemade bomb."
A day after Monday's twin Boston bombings that killed three people and injured 176, Obama told reporters the FBI is investigating the attack as "an act of terror." Napolitano repeated that line in testimony before the Senate Homeland Security Committee on Wednesday morning.
Later Wednesday afternoon, an amendment by Sens. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) and Pat Toomey (R-Pa.) — requiring background checks for firearms purchases — was expected to fall short of the 60 votes needed to pass.
The Senate will take up eight other amendments as well, including a ban on assault weapons and a ban on high-capacity magazines like those used by Adam Lanza in the Sandy Hook shooting in Newtown, Conn., in December.
This article first appeared on POLITICO Pro at 1:02 p.m. on April 17, 2013.


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iPod®/iPhone® USB Interface Cable for Receivers with High Current USB Port (Audio and Video)
- Enjoy iPod® and iPhone® Direct Control
- USB and Mini-Plug Connections for Audio and Video Playback
- Designed for Optimal USB Device Charging
- Cable Measures 1' 8"
Use the CD-IU51V interface cable to connect an iPod® or iPhone® directly into the receiver's USB port and mini-jack AV (or AUX input), and gain full, direct, adapter-free control via the receiver interface. The direct digital connection assures you get the utmost audio and video quality from your media.
The CD-IU51V enables audio and video playback and is required for iPod® or iPhone® use with Pioneer Navigation and DVD receivers that feature a high current (1 amp) USB port. The CD-IU51V is backwards compatible with receivers that use the CD-IU50V cable.
Either "Made for iPod" or "Works with iPhone" means that an electronic accessory has been designed to connect specifically to iPod or iPhone and has been certified by the developer to meet Apple performance standards. Apple is not responsible for the operation of this device or its compliance with safety and regulatory standards. Operations and functions may vary depending on iPod models or headunits. USB iPod Control is compatible with iPod® (5th generation or later/Firmware Version 1.2 or later/iPod nano Version 1.2 or later). A 3rd or 4th generation iPod® requires CD-IB100II. iPod and iPhone are registered trademarks of Apple Inc.


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Saturday, February 23, 2013
REVIEW: Tales of Blight and Horror by Ryan Notch
Tales of Blight and Horror is a collection of three short stories, and one sneak preview, written by Ryan Notch. I picked it up for a short, quick read on the Kindle and finished it in one sitting.
A Heart Shaped Uterus was the main story of this set, and if you like your horror bizarre and a bit wacky, then this author is for you. Though the story was strange and interesting enough, the ending was a bit anti-climatic. Also includes a sneak peek into his full-length novel, Nowhere Blvd, which I added to my Kindle wish list.
0 comments Posted by Cherie at 12:48 PM
Tags: horror, short stories
REVIEW: The Woman in Black by Susan Hill
The Woman in Black is a ghost story set in Victorian London. Arthur Kipps is a young lawyer who's sent to a remote village in the northeastern shores of England to settle the affairs of one of the firm's clients. As he arrives in town, he finds that the locals are pretty tight-lipped over the late Alice Drablow of Eel Marsh House. And rightly so! As it turns out, eerily strange things have been happening at the house, and soon Arthur himself finds he's being haunted by a strange woman in black, a woman with a pale, gaunt face and a dark air of malevolence all about her.
I have the DVD movie of The Woman in Black waiting in my Netflix queue so I wanted to read the book first, as I often do. The book itself was fairly short, only about 176 pages, and though originally written in 1983, the writing style definitely harks back to that of the more formal Victorian era in which it takes place. In that regard, it's quite different from the standard horror novel of today. Instead of creeping you out with blood and gore, the author uses amazingly vivid descriptions that evoke all sorts of chilling and spine-tingling visions. I can imagine that it would come through to the silver screen quite well and I'm now looking forward to seeing the movie.
The only real reason I didn't rate it higher is because I'm not a huge fan of the more formal writing style of Victorian times. Plus, I sometimes had to look up unfamiliar words--a simple task really since I was reading on my Kindle--but it would break the flow and I'd end up having to reread a particular passage over once I fully understood the word's meaning. Though the exact time frame the story takes place was never mentioned outright, the author writes so well that she doesn't have to; her writing takes you right there!
0 comments Posted by Cherie at 7:33 AM
Tags: horror, mystery/thriller
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text: Taku - A River Divided The Taku River watershed is the largest unprotected wilderness area on the west coast of North America that has all five species of pacific salmon with no major development along its banks (e.g. roads, towns, infrastructure, etc...). Its pristine environment is also home to sixteen other species of fish, moose, black and grizzly bears, caribou, mountain goats and sheep, wolves, ermine and martin, eagles, and waterfowl. The upper-headwaters flow 100 miles from the interior of British Columbia, Canada culminating in tidewater at the mouth of Taku Inlet roughly 15 miles from Juneau, Alaska. The Taku has supported the area's Tlingit groups for thousands of years and continues to provide cultural, recreational, and commercial uses for current users of all the resources it has to offer. My experience on the Taku began at the age of eighteen as a crewmember aboard a gillnetter, commercial fishing for salmon in Taku Inlet. Days and nights standing on the back deck working gave me ample opportunity to appreciate the majesty of the glacially formed landscape. John Muir first explored the area in 1880, and spoke of the archetypal characteristics of the Taku in his Travels in Alaska, "This fjord, more than any other I have examined, explains the formation of the wonderful system of channels extending along the coast from Puget Sound to about latitude 59 degrees, for it is a marked portion of the system, --a branch of Stephens Passage. Its trends and general sculpture are as distinctly glacial as those of the narrowest fjord, while the largest tributaries of the great glacier that occupied it are still in existence." The characteristics of the glacially formed landscape are in large part what provide for the region's largest producing salmon watershed. The river provides salmon for sport and commercial fishermen throughout Southeast, Alaska: trollers on the outercoast, gillnetters in the inlet, and every fishing pole and net in-between. However, many people are unaware of the small commercial fishery just across the Canadian border. In May of 2012, I spent 10 days photographing the small contingent of Canadian fishermen, consisting of roughly sixteen permit holders, plying the waters just upriver of the cabins on the U.S. side of the border. Their summers are spent dodging snags and submarined hazards drift gillnetting on small skiffs, hand hauling nets full of salmon. The fish are occasionally flown out to Atlin in small quantities, brought down river to the Taku Lodge, or skiffed all the way into Juneau where they are processed and packaged for the Taku River Tlingit First Nation owned brand, Taku Wild. In spite of the successful commercial fisheries on either side of the border, a cancer has existed on a tributary of the Taku for nearly 60-years. Large-scale mining took place in the Taku River valley starting in the 1920s and 30s and culminated in 1957 in part due to low metal prices. Despite modest efforts to resurrect the Tulsequah Chief Mine, first by Red Fern and now Chieftain Metals, few permanent or long-term solutions have been made to mitigate the acid mine drainage leaching into the Tulsequah and Taku Rivers. The future of the Taku is just as divided as the border by desires to further develop the area for mining and tempered by efforts to preserve the area and its environment for commercial fishing, recreation, tourism, and cultural purposes.


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Hall Spars & Rigging said a deal to sell the company fell apart in late December
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Kristen Stewart & Kirsten Dunst: 'On the Road' Screening!
Kristen Stewart attends a special screening of her new film On the Road on Wednesday (December 12) at the IFC Theatre in New York City.
The 22-year-old actress wore a Catherine Malandrino dress and Christian Louboutin shoes.
Kristen was joined at the screening by her co-stars (and real-life couple) Kirsten Dunst and Garrett Hedlund.
That same evening, Kristen showed her support for the Hurricane Sandy relief efforts by presenting a segment on stage at the 12-12-12 Concert at Madison Square Garden.
On the Road hits select theaters on December 21. Make sure to check it out!


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Salim Akil: The Playlist
"Play This For Your Woman And She Will Give You Anything..."Every week, we highlight the rad, the bad and the straight-up sad in music. This week, special guest contributor Salim Akil lets us in on his latest project and reveals five tracks he thinks we should add to our playlist right now.
Editor's Pick: Sparkle Directed By Salim Akil
We've been following Salim Akil's work for years now, and you probably have, too; you just didn't know it. He's produced, written and directed for hit show's like Soul Food and The Game. Today, he releases Sparkle, a remake of the 1976 film, which chronicles the story of a rising musical star during the Motown era and the personal challenges that ensue. Though we tend to leave musical films to the women in our lives, Akil makes it easy to tag along. The music in Sparkle also takes center stage, featuring songs from the original film written by Curtis Mayfield and beats by R Kelly and Cee Lo Green. It stars Jordan Sparks, and is Whitney Houston's last film role. We asked Salim Akil to share five tracks with us that he thinks we should add to our playlists — here they are.
—> Salim Akil's Playlist
"God Fearing Man" by Ben Harper
An epic meditative experience that opens the mind and heart. The words are so beautiful and sincere. Play this for your woman and she will give you anything you want. Anything.
"The Creator Has a Master Plan" by Pharoah Sanders
Pharoah is at his best here communicating with the angels and humans. Open the windows on Sunday, let the sunlight in. Play this while you do your morning ritual; even if it does not involve exercising, you'll feel like you've run five miles and walked 10 old ladies across the street.
"You Don't Know" by Jay-Z
This reminds me so much of where I came from. It's got that "made in America," "Black male swagger" vibe that puts my mind where it needs to be. Spin this before a meeting and you will not lose.
"Tell Me A Tale" by Michael Kiwanuka
I like the clean and crisp feeling of his voice and the orchestra, and the horns — all of it. It reminds me of Fela Kuti and Gil Evans at the same damn time.
"Stars/Feelings" by Nina Simone (Live at Montreux, 1976)
So damn sexy, Nina and the song. Everything you ever wanted to know about American Black Women is wrapped up in this performance. This is just a true artist on the edge of the 1,000-foot diving board. And I love the fact that she makes an audience member sit their ass down. This is classic.