text:
Top Items:
Michael Arrington / TechCrunch:
Facebook Launches Facebook Platform; They are the Anti-MySpace — Facebook is holding a massive press/developer event today in San Francisco to officially launch Facebook Platform. 750 or so people are here. — A number of third party applications will also be announced, including Microsoft …
Discussion: Publishing 2.0, Business 2.0 Beta, CenterNetworks, Fortune, Don Dodge on The Next …, Vecosys, GigaOM, Unit Structures, The Social Web, PodTech Network, CyberNet Technology News, Techscape, Confessions of a Non-Profit …, David Card, Neowin.net, TechWeb, Webware.com, michael parekh on IT, Rev2.org, mathewingram.com/work, Scobleizer, Read/WriteWeb, Visit MIX07, Somasegar's WebLog, Pronet Advertising, Between the Lines, HipMojo.com, hypebot, parislemon, TechFold, Compiler, B.L. Ochman's weblog, Inquirer, The Gong Show, The Startup Game, ProgrammableWeb, 901am, CostPerNews, Digital Alchemy dot TV, The Bivings Report and Slashdot
Owen Thomas / Business 2.0 Beta: The Facebook OS: Just a Pretty Face?
David Kirkpatrick / Fortune: Exclusive: Facebook's new face
Ivan Pope / Vecosys: Facebook rules KO!
Liz Gannes / GigaOM: Facebook aims to be Social OS
Steve O'Hear / The Social Web: More thoughts on Facebook's new platform
Podtech / PodTech Network: Facebook Thinks Big
Ashley / CyberNet Technology News: Facebook Platform Launches as the Internet's "Social Operating System"
Allan Benamer / Confessions of a Non-Profit IT Director: Project Agape + Facebook = ???
Tom Warren / Neowin.net: Microsoft Popfly & Facebook Platform
Thomas Claburn / TechWeb: Facebook Opens Up To Developers, Partners (TechWeb)
Rafe Needleman / Webware.com: FACEBOOK OPENS UP: THE FEED'S THE THING
Robert Scoble / Scobleizer: Better "lifecasting" with Veodia
Richard MacManus / Read/WriteWeb: Facebook, The Mighty Pipe, Could Crush Yahoo
Muhammad Saleem / Pronet Advertising: The Facebook Platform Unveiled
Bruce Houghton / hypebot: Facebook Opens Platform
Michael Calore / Compiler: Facebook Becomes the Web's Plug-and-Play Application Platform
Martin Veitch / Inquirer: Facebook shows platform face
Andrew Parker / The Gong Show: Facebook - The Platform
John Musser / ProgrammableWeb: The Facebook Platform
Leo Blanco / 901am: Glimpse takes fashion & style to Facebook
Todd Zeigler / The Bivings Report: Facebook Platform is a Game Changer
CowboyNeal / Slashdot: Facebook Opens Pages to Outside Developers
Brad Stone / New York Times:
Facebook Expands Into MySpace's Territory — With an ambitious strategy for expansion, Facebook is getting in MySpace's face. — Facebook, the Internet's second-largest social network, was originally popular on college campuses, but over the last year it has opened its dorm-room doors to all …
Discussion: Snipperoo, MarketingVOX, Deep Jive Interests, Rev2.org and The Next Net
Tony Hung / Deep Jive Interests: Facebook: The Microsoft of Social Media? (Wait — I Mean In A Good Way!)
Brandon Bean / Rev2.org: Facebook Opens Up, Launches Platform
Erick Schonfeld / The Next Net: Facebook's Platform Ambitions
Greg Sterling / Search Engine Land:
Facebook Opens Up Its 'Platform' To Everyone — "Facebook is the anti-MySpace" and "Facebook is a new type of "Web 2.0" portal" are some of the things that were and are being said yesterday and today about the social network's new "Facebook Platform" initiative.
Discussion: Screenwerk and NewTeeVee
Greg Sterling / Screenwerk: Facebook Platform: Is There a Local Angle?
Liz Gannes / NewTeeVee: Facebook Finally Adds Video
Kristen Nicole / Mashable!:
Facebook Platform: 30+ Awesome Applications for Facebook
Facebook Platform: 30+ Awesome Applications for Facebook
Discussion: techPresident, Alec Saunders .LOG, TechFold, the j. botter weblog, 901am, blackrimglasses.com and Brandon Live!
Alan Rosenblatt / techPresident: Killer Political Apps
J. Botter / the j. botter weblog: Facebook Just Won The War
Minic Rivera / 901am: Facebook is now open
Ethan Kaplan / blackrimglasses.com: Facebook Platform: 30+ Awesome Applications for Facebook : See my previous post.
Liz Gannes / GigaOM:
Live at the Facebook Launch
Live at the Facebook Launch
Discussion: B.Mann Consulting
Richard MacManus / Read/WriteWeb:
Facebook Grows Up - An Analysis of Today's News
Facebook Grows Up - An Analysis of Today's News
Discussion: Beet.TV, TechCrunch, splashcastmedia.com and i-boy
Andy Plesser / Beet.TV: Facebook Has Video, Finally!
Michael Arrington / TechCrunch: Causes On Facebook Launches
Marshall Kirkpatrick / splashcastmedia.com: A Look at the Apps Facebook Is Letting In (Including Us!)
George Nimeh / i-boy: Facebook launches a (widget) platform
David Kirkpatrick / Fortune:
Facebook's plan to hook up the world
Facebook's plan to hook up the world
Discussion: Bokardo, paidContent.org, AccMan, Valleywag and Digital Markets
Joshua Porter / Bokardo: Facebook and Circles of Relationships
Dennis Howlett / AccMan: Facebook generations — At the risk of alienating readers, I have a confession.
Donna Bogatin / Digital Markets: Why YouTube, MySpace are NOT worried
Pete Cashmore / Mashable!:
Facebook Video Launches: YouTube Beware!
Facebook Video Launches: YouTube Beware!
Discussion: parislemon
MG Siegler / parislemon: FYI: The F8 Facebook Platform Tools Are Up Already
Rafe Needleman / Webware.com:
Discussion: Between the Lines, Gizmodo, Business Week, Dogster Inc. Company Blog, Valleywag, Joe Duck, rexduffdixon.com and splashcastmedia.com
John Packowski / Dogster Inc. Company Blog: Dogster and Catster Launch Applications on Facebook Platform
Marshall Kirkpatrick / splashcastmedia.com: Facebook Conference - Live!
Pete Cashmore / Mashable!:
Facebook F8 Live
Facebook F8 Live
Discussion: franticindustries
Stephanie Bodoni Bloomberg / Bloomberg:
Google may be violating EU privacy laws on user search data — Google Inc., owner of the world's most popular search engine, may be violating the European Union's privacy laws by storing information on customer queries for as long as two years, advisers to EU regulators told the company.
Discussion: Search Engine Land
Barry Schwartz / Search Engine Land: European Union Questions Google's Data Retention Policy
Constant Brand / Associated Press:
EU probes Google over privacy concerns — BRUSSELS, Belgium - An independent European Union panel has launched an investigation into whether Google Inc.'s Internet search engine abides by European privacy rules. — EU spokesman Pietro Petrucci said Friday that the 28-member panel …
Maija Palmer / Financial Times:
EU probes Google grip on data — European data protection officials have raised concerns that Google could be contravening European privacy laws by keeping data on internet searches for too long. — The Article 29 working party, a group of national officials that advises the European Union …
Discussion: Ars Technica, Guardian Unlimited, The Independent and PSFK Trend: PSFK
Eric Bangeman / Ars Technica: EU, Norway: Two years is too long to keep search data
Jack Schofield / Guardian Unlimited: EU probes Google's grip on data
Robert Verkaik / The Independent: Google is watching you — 'Big Brother' row over plans for personal database
Guy Brighton / PSFK Trend: PSFK: Privacy: EU Asks Google, 'Why 2 Years?'
Google queried on privacy policy — Google has been told that it may be breaking European privacy laws by keeping people's search information on its servers for up to two years. — A data protection group that advises the European Union has written to the search giant to express concerns.
Robyn Tippins / The MyBlogLog Blog:
All About Tags — By now you've seen our newest feature, tagging, on MyBlogLog. We have had FAR too much fun this week tagging each other, so I hope you enjoy it at least half as much as we have. — Some people have suggested that tags, while well-known to the tech savvy, are still unfamiliar to many web users.
Discussion: Search Engine Land, Andrew R H Girdwood and Cameron Olthuis
Danny Sullivan / Search Engine Land: MyBlogLog Brands All Social Media Optimizers As Schmoes
Andrew Girdwood / Andrew R H Girdwood: Does MyBlogLog dislike SMO?
Andy Beal / Andy Beal's Marketing Pilgrim:
MyBlogLog a Bunch of Schmoes? — MyBlogLog has introduced a new tagging feature which will allow uses to add their own keywords to blogs and profiles. On the surface, a welcomed addition. — However, in true "big search engine" style, they're also using it as a Trojan horse to introduce a system for tagging spam.
Michael Arrington / TechCrunch:
MyBlogLog Gets Into Tagging — MyBlogLog, a distributed social network which was acquired by Yahoo earlier this year, will launch a tagging feature later this evening that will allow users to add descriptive tags to the people and blogs (called "communities") on the service.
Discussion: The MyBlogLog Blog, Practical Blogging, Online Media Cultist and parislemon
Robyn Tippins / Practical Blogging: MyBlogLog Is Tagging — In an effort to making finding relevant …
Eric Berlin / Online Media Cultist: MyBlogLog Gets Its Tag On
MG Siegler / parislemon: MyBlogLog Rolls Out Tags, Seeks Schmoes
I, Cringely . The Pulpit | PBS:
The Final Days of Google — Back in the 1990s Bill Gates said the company that would eventually beat Microsoft probably had yet to be founded, by which he meant that Microsoft was in such a strong position that only something truly disruptive — a whole new business — would have a chance to unseat Redmond.
Discussion: eWEEK.com, CrunchGear, Digital Markets, MediaVidea, Sadagopan's weblog … and Digital Inspiration
John Biggs / CrunchGear: Google, She Is Dying — I dig Robert Cringely.
Donna Bogatin / Digital Markets: Google has a (big) people problem
Pramit Singh / MediaVidea: Google's biggest fear: Googlers
Sadagopan / Sadagopan's weblog …: Google , SFDC : Waning Phase?
Amit Agarwal / Digital Inspiration: 20% Free Time - The Biggest Threat to Google ?
Karen / Official Google Blog:
Calendar for mobile devices — Posted by Devesh Parekh, Software Engineer, Google Calendar team — We realize that more people in the world have mobile phones than have computers, and people take their cell phones with them everywhere. Since one of our main goals on the Calendar team …
Harry McCracken / PC World: Techlog: Google Calendar Gets Mobile
Mauricio Freitas / Geekzone: Google Calendar moves to mobile
Kevin C. Tofel / jkOnTheRun: Google Calendar for Mobile arrives; are PIM apps still needed?
Loren Baker / Search Engine Journal: Google Calendar on Mobile Phones
JG Mason / Gadgetell: Google Calander from your cell
Greg Sterling / Screenwerk: Google Launches Calendar for Mobile
Greg Sterling / Search Engine Land: Google Calendar Goes Mobile
Ionut Alex Chitu / Google Operating System: Mobile Google Calendar
Steve Litchfield / All About Symbian: New Google Calendar? — Hmm.... Geekzone reports that Google Calendar …
Brendan Sinclair / CNET News.com:
Sony sued over Blu-ray — Given its global position as an electronics giant, Sony is quite familiar with patent law and the potential penalties for infringement. — Barely three months ago, Sony paid $97 million in damages and interest to Immersion Corporation in a dispute over the rumble functions in Sony's Dual Shock controllers.
Discussion: Macsimum News, Engadget and Slashdot
Dennis Sellers / Macsimum News: Sony sued over Blu-ray technology
The Doc Searls Weblog:
Because paper is scarce. And so is time. — Andy Kessler has an excellent piece in today's Wall Street Journal titled A Future For Newspapers. (In case that last link leads you to a paywall, Andy has the whole thing on his blog as well. That rocks.) Here's where Andy sees the hope:
Discussion: Urlocker On Disruption, nerd-in-residence and Newsome.Org
Dave Donohue / nerd-in-residence: Print vs. Online
Alpha Doggs / Network World:
You might be digitzing books on the Web without knowing it thanks to this stealthy anti-spam technology — You know those pesky but necessary CAPTCHA boxes whose squiggly letters and digits you need to retype to make use of certain parts of sites such as Yahoo, Wikipedia and PayPal?
Discussion: Techdirt, Boing Boing, Things That, Smart Mobs and Slashdot
Mike Masnick / Techdirt: Making CAPTCHAs Productive
Cory Doctorow / Boing Boing: Can CAPTCHAs solve book-digitizing?
Judy Breck / Smart Mobs: Humans helping out book scanners
Stephen Shankland / CNET News.com:
New tool screens spam, digitizes books
New tool screens spam, digitizes books
Discussion: Exploring, Compiler, Webware.com and Don Park's Daily Habit
Ben Maurer / Exploring: reCAPTCHA: A new way to fight spam
Scott Gilbertson / Compiler: ReCAPTCHA: Fight Spam And Digitize Books
Josh Lowensohn / Webware.com: RECAPTCHA: THE SMARTEST WAY TO DEAL WITH SOMETHING ANNOYING
Malicious Web site / Malicious Code: Better Business Bureau Scam — Websense® Security Labs™ has received reports of a new email spam variant similar to an attack launched early this year. The spoofed email purports to be from the Better Business Bureau (BBB).
Discussion: PC World, SecurityFocus and CSO - Security Feed
Jeremy Kirk / PC World: Malicious Software Plays on Legal Fears
Robert Lemos / SecurityFocus: Brief: BBB spam attack gets personal
Jeremy Kirk / CSO - Security Feed: Hackers Exploit Business' Fear of Law Suits
Andy Greenberg / Forbes:
Google-Proof PR? — Sue Scheff's business, Parents Universal Resource Experts, places troubled teens in reform schools—and generates a lot of controversy. Disgruntled clients have accused Scheff's company of sending kids to abusive programs, and the Web is full of complaints …
Discussion: ResourceShelf


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Trend Spotting & Sourcing: Safari Chairs
Lately we've been spotting quite a few of these vintage safari chairs in interiors across the web. Their shape is clean and minimal, but the materials are rustic — perfect for injecting a bit of warmth into a modern interior.
The style has its roots in the campaign furniture of the 19th century. Danish furniture designer Kaare Klint based his 1933 design for a 'safari chair' on the Rorkhee chair, which was created by British Army engineers stationed in the Indian town of the same name. Swedish designer Arne Norell put his own unique twist on the style with his 1964 "Sirocco" chair, and in 1965 Jens Quistgaard created a version in wood and chrome. Owing to the design's long history, it's possible to find many different variations — in leather, canvas, or even animal hide, all with their own unique appeal.
Shown above, left to right:
1. Safari chairs look right at home in this airy beach cottage in Canada. From Kitka.
2. Home of Helena Rohner, as seen in Elle Decor.
3. A safari chair in a room at the Ace Hotel.
4. Seen in the offices of Refinery29 (via Design*Sponge).
5. Safari chairs warm up a modern interior in this photo by Magnus Anesund.
1. A replica of a folding Rorkhee chair from Popular Woodworking.
2. Kaare Klint's 1933 design, after the Rorhkee chair. This pair is selling for $4,000, from 1stDibs.
3. An Arne Norell Safari chair from the 1960s; $2,250 on 1stDibs.
4. Jens Quistgaard's 1965 design (still in production) puts a modern spin on the chair's traditionally rustic materials.
5. A Hans Wegner interpretation of the design. From 1stDibs.
6. A 1960s vintage Danish design, selling for about $450 on Ebay.
7. Another Danish design, this one by Eric Worts, with a tall back. $595 on Ebay.
8. This pair of black leather safari chairs is appealingly minimal. $1,200 for the pair, from 1stDibs.
9. A black and white canvas safari chair; $495 on Etsy.
10. The Rhys chair, from Anthropologie, is a modern design that shows a bit of the campaign influence.
(Images: as linked above)

subset: commoncrawl


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What's New
Memoriam Initials Font by Monogram Fonts Co.
The inspiration source for Memoriam Initials is the 1934 Book of American Types by American Type Founders. In that specimen book, they had created a sophisticated two color initial design they called "University Initials" which was only available in metal type at 24, 36, and 48 points. This wonderfully detailed initial style is now digitally recreated and revived for modern use.
Memoriam Initials is only capable of initial or single letter monograms due to its unique design. The two color aspect of the original design has been preserved and made accessible within all programs. The Capital character slots contain the background color glyphs, and the lowercase slots hold the outline art for the letters. You can choose a color, type a capital letter, then switch to black and type a lowercase letter for the two color effect, or just tpe a lowercase letter on its own. It's that easy! Download and view the Memoriam Initials Guidebook if you would like to learn a little more.
Tags: Dingbat, Font, Monograms


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Staples Connect Hub Slashed to $49; Newer Model Adds Bluetooth, ZigBee
The original $99 Staples Connect home automation hub by Linksys drops to $49, with a new $79 option from D-Link coming with ZigBee and Bluetooth; Windows 8 and Samsung TV apps added to platform.
Photos and VideosView Slideshow
Since it revealed the Staples Connect home automation system in 2013, the office super-store has only showcased the system in about 32 stores, using an interactive display with a $99 Linksys-made hub and a handful of connected devices.
Now Staples is "all in," says Bob Cooper, chief marketing officer for Zonoff, the platform provider that powers the Connect system. On July 15, Staples will roll out Connect displays to 500 stores, featuring eight feet of Staples Connect and a new 8-foot section dedicated to wearables.
In addition, Staples has slashed the price of its original $99 smart home hub made by Linksys. The device, which supports Wi-Fi, Z-Wave and Lutron ClearConnect Caseta wireless technology, becomes one of the cheapest on the market at $49.
D-Link, then, will produce a step-up version of the hub priced at $79, adding Bluetooth and ZigBee connectivity to the ecosystem. The enhanced model was announced at CES 2014, where Staples battled Lowe's Iris in the battle of who-supports-the-most-devices.
At the time, Staples said the new hub would add Insteon support along with ZigBee and Bluetooth, but Insteon will not reside natively in the D-Link Hub.
Zonoff tells CE Pro, SSI's sister publication, that Insteon support will come at a later date via an add-on supported by Zonoff's Distributed Radio Architecture.
So why ZigBee? So many DIY products are throwing the protocol into the mix, but there are precious few consumer-friendly devices on the market that actually interoperate. That is changing, however, with the newish ZigBee Light Link protocol, which ensures at least some interoperability among compliant lighting controllers. Philips Hue employs the technology, as does the new game-changing $15 GE Link bulbs announced last week.
"ZigBee does come up and people want it," says Zonoff's Cooper. "If someone falls in love with a wall sconce, they don't want to know what protocol it is."
Wearables & Apps
In addition to the forthcoming D-Link hub, Staples Connect is announcing new integration partners today, including Jawbone, whose UP wristband can trigger automation scenes within the Connect ecosystem. For example, users will be able to turn on the lights or open the blinds by turning off the SLEEP mode on their Jawbone UP.
Jawbone and Connect will create a "perfect storm, sitting right next to each other in the store," says Peter Gerstberger, director, new business development at Staples.
Staples selected Jawbone as its first wearables partner because the UP line was built with integration in mind, Gerstberger says.
Other solutions, he suggests, suffer from "a little too much latency."
Ultimately, though, Gerstberger envisions support for "any wearable that has the ability to integrate in the system."
"Aspirationally," he says, smart watches would be incorporated into the ecosystem.
In addition to new radios, new protocols and new supported devices, Staples announced today two new app partners: Windows 8 and Samsung Smart TVs, each of which will have its own Connect user interface.
"We probably have one of the widest selections of UIs," Cooper says. "We started out with a native iPad app, Android and HTML 5, and now Windows 8 and the Smart TV."
Competing with Lowe's and Home Depot
The retail home automation battle between Staples and Lowe's has been raging for quite some time, but now Home Depot is a serious contender, having just announced its commitment to Wink, the new smart home platform recently spun off from GE's Quirky. (Home Depot also carries Revolv.)
Gerstberger says Staples welcomes the competition from Home Depot, which has a "different audience," than the small business owners that frequent Staples.
He explains Staples can distinguish itself by the "sheer number of partners," which numbers 35 companies and 148 devices.
"That's the first-mover advantage of Staples Connect," he says. "We will continue to innovate and add partners."
Staples also can differentiate its offerings with technical support and customer service, according to Gerstberger, who says, "Tech support has been great so far."
Staples has its EasyTech support staff in stores, and trained in the 32 shops in the test markets The rollout continues now to all stores, where techs will be trained on all facets of Connect. At the EasyTech call center, a complete system with supported devices is set up for hands-on training and troubleshooting, and the associates know when-and to whom-they should hand off certain calls.
Connect hubs will be given to associates "so they wont just be informed ab out the system, but they can be evangelists," Gerstberger says.
As for the Wink system, it is not exclusive to Home Depot, and Staples may very likely carry the system in the future.
"Staples and Quirky have a very close relationship, and as with all of our partners, we are continuing to explore product roadmaps and system integrations that add value to Staples Connect and our customers," says Gerstberger. "From a platform perspective, Staples chose Zonoff as our platform provider based on our belief that they have built the preeminent home automation platform in the industry, and as such, they will continue to serve as the driving force behind Staples Connect."
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text: Atrioventricular node: The electrical relay station between the upper and lower chambers of the heart. Abbreviated AV node. Electrical signals from the atria must pass through the AV node to reach the ventricles. The AV node, which controls the heart rate, is one of the major elements in the cardiac conduction system. The AV node serves as an electrical relay station, slowing the electrical current sent by the sinoatrial (SA) node before the signal is permitted to pass down through to the ventricles. This delay ensures that the atria have an opportunity to fully contract before the ventricles are stimulated. After passing the AV node, the electrical current travels to the ventricles, along special fibers embedded in the walls of the lower part of the heart.


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Small Business ♥ Bankers
"People need to be encouraged to start spending again," Michael Gross writes, especially the masters of the universe—such as John Thain, left—who made a mint during the boom years and then led us into this mess. So how do we go about doing that? Not by shunning them, or requiring them to take their fortunes and turn the cash over to the government. (It would probably be wasted on Citigroup anyway.) Maybe we could just force them to pump the cash into the local economy?
Since, Andrew Cuomo notwithstanding, odds are we'll never be able to claw back big bonuses from the greedy, grasping former masters, now destroyers, of the universe as we knew it, how about we do the opposite and shame them into putting that money back into the economy?"
Not by buying yachts or Maseratis or Park Avenue penthouses, but by using the full force of societal persuasion to convince them that every single bonus dollar they received in, say, the last two years, needs to be spent—now—at retail, in America—in easy increments of $50,000 or less—and at full price, not 70% off. Spend for themselves, for their families, for their multitude of victims, on charities, on total strangers for all I care. But spend that money down. Right now. In return, the news media should promise to praise them, not ridicule them for it. Call it the Small Business Hearts Bankers Program. Even bankers' wives. If that doesn't work, we can still try tar and feathers.
One other great advantage to this plan: Just think of how many government jobs would be created to have a group of people sort through all the receipts to verify the money was being spent. Dozens.


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Personal Info
Years in active : From 1963 To Present
Country of resident : Palestine
City : Nablus
Gender : Female
Date of birth : 12/12/1936
Born in Jerusalem on 12 Dec. 1936; during the 1948 Nakba, her family was displaced to Beirut, from where the family emigrated to the USA. Graduated from the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, with a BSc in Design (1959), from Michigan State University with an MA in Painting (1960) and from Indiana University with an MA in Fine Arts in Painting (1963)
Achievements and Awards
She taught in American universities for 18 years, incl. Indiana University, University of Hawaii, Kansas City Art Institute, University of Michigan, Yale University School of Art, University of South Florida, and The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York.
Has also lectured as visiting artist at many schools; her painting style is based on abstraction and its relationship to nature and reality. added electronic media to her art work in the 1980s. was visiting artist at Birzeit University in 1997. helped the PA Ministry of Culture in the area of teaching arts, incl. teaching courses and conducting workshops at the Universities of Birzeit and An-Najah, Nablus, as well as at cultural centers such as the Wasiti Center in the late 1990s; conducted a creativity project for Palestinian art students in June 2003 at the International Center in Bethlehem has exhibited her work internationally and in numerous museums, incl.
Guggenheim Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, and l'Institut du Monde Arabe. PUBLISHED PAPERS Nature, Reality and Abstract Picturing, Leonardo, Volume 20, Issue 3, 1987 Pictures in Computer Medium, Proceedings of the 9th SCAN (Small Computers in the Arts) Conference, 1989, pgs 100 to 105. Technology, Abstraction, and Kinetic Painting, FISEA (Fourth International Symposium of Electronic Arts) Papers, November 1993, pgs 57-66.
The Subject of Palestine, DePaul University Museum catalog, February 24-May 6, 2005.
Information provided courtesy of www.allforpalestine.org


text:
Atomic Picture of Plastic Deformation in Metals: Overview Lecture
Published on
The lecture describes the objectives of the learning module and provides the necessary background for the activities. We briefly discuss the following topics:
- mechanical response of macroscopic polycrystalline metals during tensile tests
- molecular dynamics simulations of materials
- mechanical response of nanoscale, defect-free samples
This lecture is part of the learning module Atomic Picture of Plastic Deformation in Metals.
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:


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Trading Pins
Did You Know? The first trading pin wasn't actually a pin, it was a plastic "button." Since 1984 pins have been designed each year by the President to promote the festival theme. The sale of theme pins is the largest annual fundraiser of the SLFA.
2023 Theme Pins for sale at the following retailers
Spokane Rosauers Supermarkets | Spokane Arby's
- Sort by Popularity (sales)
Artwork & Stationary
Did You Know? Each year we hold a Jurried Art Show where local artists can submit their best Lilac art. The winning artwork becomes the following year's official artwork of the Lilac Festival.
- Sort by Popularity (sales)
Did You Know? Our "Pride, Parades & Princesses" book was created and published for our 75th year in 2013. It was a labor of Lilac love by the members of the Festival and The Spokesman-Review.
- Sort by Popularity (sales)
More Lilac Fun
Did You Know? Every year The Spokane Lilac Festival Honors Our Military by hosting the annual Armed Forces Appreciation Golf Tournament. Our custom golf tees and ball would look pretty great on the course!
- Sort by Popularity (sales)
Elisabeth Hooker
2023 VP of Merchandising
Thank you for supporting Spokane's longest running legacy event.
The Spokane Lilac Festival provides locals and visitors to our city the opportunity to support the association through our merchandise sales, such as t-shirts, hats and of course the long standing tradition of purchasing our yearly limited edition themed pins.
Money from these sales help the festival financially in providing support for the largest Armed Forces Torchlight Parade in the nation, on the third Saturday in May.
RETAILERS Be a part of the SLFA's largest annual fundraiser when you sell pins at your place of business. Request a pin board and it will be delivered to your place of business within five business days of receiving your $50 donation.


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Minocqua Lakeside offers pontoon, ski boat & fishing boat rentals by the day or week. We are also a Full Service Certified Marina. During the winter months, we offer indoor heated storage for your boat or personal watercraft. For your convenience Minocqua Lakeside has the option to drop off and pick up your rental at several locations in the Minocqua area.
Copyright © 2017 Lakeside Marina - Website Built by Gibson Web Development


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10 on-the-go tactical products
Here are 10 field ready tactical products for remote operations
By Kalin Burkhardt
C1 Contributor
Whether you're taking to the woods or heading to the desert, outdoor adventures and operations require a lot of legwork. To survive, you need tactical gear that can move with you.
There are a lot of options on the market. But here's my take on some of the best tactical products for when you're on-the-go. (See the slideshow of products below)
1. Beretta Pico
At 18-milimeter wide, the Beretta Pico is the thinnest .380 semiautomatic option on the market and weighs 11.5-ounces unloaded. The Pico has a flat profile, smoothed edges and is resistant to sweat. This compact handgun is most ideal for wearing in a pack while running and can be used for inside-the-waistband carry. Learn more
2. Bushnell H2O foldable binocular
Ideal for rugged environments, the H2O 8x25-milimeter compact foldable binocular is 10.5-centimeters long and folds down to fewer than 7.1-centimeters wide. The field of view is 114-meters at 1,000-meters, sufficient for tracking something in motion. Because Bushnell's foldable binoculars feature nitrogen purged bodies, they are waterproof and unaffected by internal fogging. In addition to the compactable, 8x25-milimeter version, Bushnell also offers several other sizes in this waterproof series, ranging from 7x50-milimeters to 10x42-milimeters. Learn more
3. F'N Tactical Battle Mug Bottle Opener
The F'N Tactical Bottle TopOpener by Battle Mug is ideal for on-the-go and attaches to any regular key chain or pack loop. The small tactical tool comes attached to a split ring and braided 550 paracord. Inspired by a flash hider, the bottle opener is unique in appearance and is made from steel with the bottle-opening notch on the side.
4. Glock 42
The Glock 42, in .380 AUTO, is a concealable subcompact pistol ideal for pocket carry. The 5.94 inch long handgun operates and feels similar to a full-sized Glock, except it's a single-stack 6+1. Unlike its larger counterparts, this one has smoother texturing on the grip and the backstrap extends nearly flush with the bottom of the magazine. A little over 4-inches high and .94-inches wide, the G42 is larger than micro-handguns but still small enough to fit in a pocket. Learn more
5. Hazard4 Kato Mini-Messenger Micro Bag
From the outside, the Hazard4 Kato mini-messenger micro bag looks like a regular civilian bag, with a small amount of loop Velcro on the side providing the only evidence that this is a tactical product. However, multiple pockets in the flaps, durable materials and interior pouches reveal greater tactical purpose. The Kato mini-messenger is ideal for carrying iPads and other tablets, as well as small ruggedized laptops. Learn more
6. Maxpedition Pocket Organizer
Beefy or Fatty, the pocket-sized piece of tactical equipment comes in two sizes and will help stash your tiny gadgets in an organized fashion.
The Maxpedition Fatty is the smaller of the two, sized at 5-inches by 7-inches by 2-inches while The Beefy requires a larger cargo pocket or pouch to fit in and is measured at 6.25-inches by 8.75-inches by 2.5-inches. External features include a Velcro field for IDs and patches, a mesh pocket, and a pull handle. On the inside is a lanyard, a cord loop, a sleeve pocket, three multi-tool sized loops with six pen sized loops on top, a zipper sleeve pocket and two large vertical loops with four medium-sized loops on top. Learn more
7. RE Factor Operator Band
The RE Factor Tactical Operator Band is a tactical bracelet that can be used to catch food or fish, build shelter, repair equipment and make weapons. In appearance, this tactical band resembles others on the market but it is slightly thicker and heavier. The band comes with 12-feet of paracord and uses real 550 cord.
In addition, woven into the center is snare wire that can be used as a fishing leader, trip wire and more. There also are 30-feet of 80-pound fishing line and a fishing hook inside. Learn more
8. Sig Sauer P290RS
This Sig Sauer model is a sub-compact 9mm pistol featuring removable grip plates, optional integrated laser and DAO trigger. The concealed carry pistol is 5.5-inches long, 3.9-inches high and .9-inches wide with a barrel length of 2.9-inches. The P290RS also has a selection of grip panels and a texture that is slightly reminiscent of those on the Sig Sauer P227. Learn more
9. Soleus GPS Fit 1.0 Watch
For those constantly on-the-go, the Soleus GPS Fit 1.0 watch is designed to monitor fitness and also is designed for everyday wear. The GPS Fit 1.0 measures distance, speed, pace and calories burned and lets users prioritize their display depending on which area they'd like to focus on improving. Learn more
10. UVPaqlite Portable Lighting
Looking something like a highly durable sandwich bag, this light source is a flat sheet of light-absorbing crystals that take on a glow in seconds and release it over time. The UVPaqlite is ideal for travel and can be rolled up, stepped on, stuffed into packs, and go underwater. The medium-sized lighting product weighs 49 grams and is sufficient for lighting up a two-person tent. To put it into perspective, this product feels slightly lighter than a car key. Learn more
As the Associate Editor for Military1.com, Kalin Burkhardt writes and edits news articles, product articles, and columns about news events and issues pertaining to the military community. Kalin has developed relationships with active duty service members, veterans, and military organizations nationwide to better understand the issues affecting the military community, whether deployed abroad or at home.


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If you ever, for a second, wondered questions like what's the purpose of life or why the Internet exists or what are you going to eat for lunch today, the answer is simply this magical software tool created by GitHub user LindseyB. It automatically turns any Star Wars quote into an animated GIF, complete with caption of said quote.
The starwars-dot-gif project is hosted on GitHub and the instructions on how to use it are pretty simple if you know your way around a few lines of code. And if you don't, this is as good a reason to learn as any. After you get the script all set up like how LindseyB says you should, just search for any sort of dialogue from the Star Wars movies, select which scene you want to turn into an animated GIF and then let the software do its magic. It'll spit out the perfectly packaged frames for you.
It's beautiful. It's why we go through life. It's why the Internet exists. It's what you're going to do on your lunch break from now on.


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Red Staters (and More) Already Talking Secession After Obama Victory
It was only a matter of time before the bursting of the bubble for hard-core conservatives led to cries of secession. To be fair, blue-staters were saying similar things back in 2004 after Bush's re-election, but the geographical ironies were perhaps less rich then, since this year the electoral map looks suspiciously like slave states and free states lining up in opposition.
On the WhiteHouse.gov petition-writing tool, a large number of people have put forward petitions "peacefully demanding" that their states, including Texas and Louisiana, be removed from the Union. These two have garnered tens of thousands of signatures already, while others--which aren't all predictable, and include states like New York and Michigan-- have only a few thousand signees each.
Check out a screenshot below:
Meanwhile, the Texas Observer's Forrest Wilder reports on a Tea Party newsletter that uses language even more historically problematic than these petitions: "They" re-elected Obama last night. He is their President. And we must admit to ourselves at some point, it is now their country."
This leads to the writer's "inevitable" conclusion:
In this respect, Texas can lead the way. Texas was once its own country, and many Texans already think in nationalist terms about their state. We need to do everything possible to encourage a long-term shift in thinking on this issue. Why should Vermont and Texas live under the same government? Let each go her own way in peace, sign a free trade agreement among the states and we can avoid this gut-wrenching spectacle every four years.


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Global Biomass Power Report
We expect the global biomass generation capacity to grow by about 41GW over the next 10 years, reaching 182.7GW in 2031. The majority of this growth will come from China as the market pushes for WtE and biomass-powered power plants through energy plans and supportive policies. Over the coming years, the average cost of developing a biomass power plant will experience fluctuations, with downward pressures as Asia continues to dominate net biomass capacity additions, as project costs are cheaper there.
Providing expert analysis, independent forecasts and competitive intelligence on the power.
Report includes: Key View, Industry SWOT Analysis, Industry Forecasts, BMI's Power Risk Reward Index, Economic Forecasts, Company Profiles and Global, Regional and Country Industry Overviews.
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The Global Biomass Power Report features BMI's market assessment and independent forecasts covering electricity generation (coal, gas, oil, nuclear, thermal, natural gas, hydro and non-hydro renewables), electricity consumption, trade, transmission and distribution losses and electricity generating capacity.
BMI's Global Biomass Power Report also analyses the impact of regulatory changes, recent developments and the background macroeconomic outlook and features competitive landscapes comparing national and multinational operators by sales, market share, investments, projects, partners and expansion strategies.
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- Use BMI's independent industry forecasts to test other views - a key input for successful budgeting and strategic planning in the power market.
- Target business opportunities and risks in the power sector through our reviews of latest power industry trends, regulatory changes, and major deals, projects and investments
- Assess the activities, strategy and market position of your competitors, partners and clients via our Competitive Landscape analysis


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Jannoknits! Tippecanoe has made his pronouncement and no one can defy him. Just look at him, he can't be swayed!
The Specs
Pattern:Alfalfa Baby Hat by Kate Gagnon
Yarn: Cascade 220 in 'Turquoise Heather', .45 of a skein
Needles: size 4
Mods: I did this on smaller than recommended needles in order to get a size fit for a newborn.


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To order prints or photo gifts, click "buy photo" to view options and prices.
To order digital licenses for commercial or editorial use, contact me at email@example.com to discuss your needs.
DC-area photos include: DC | Virginia | Maryland | National Mall | Smithsonian | The Wharf | Dupont Circle | Great Falls | Tysons | National Harbor | Cherry blossoms | Nature | Sunsets
Charlotte Geary is a leading Washington, D.C. area documentary photographer who specializes in lifestyle, events, and portraits. She is known for a joyful style of narrative photography, which has been widely published and commissioned throughout the country. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com with questions and inquiries.
© 2018 Charlotte Geary. All rights reserved.


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30.8.2023 Sammanträdesdatum:
Google translate is a website service that provides you with a translation of the website, to the language you choose from the list. Since it is computer generated, the translation may not always be completely correct. Please note that the Government of Åland is not responsible for any inaccuracies.


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My SciELO
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Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação
Print version ISSN 1414-3283
Interface (Botucatu) vol.4 no.se Botucatu 2008
Analysis of speech: a reflection on health research
Análise do discurso: uma reflexão para pesquisar em saúde
Análisis del discurso: una reflexión para la investigación en salud
Laura Christina MacedoI,i; Liliana Muller LaroccaII; Maria Marta Nolasco ChavesIII; Verônica de Azevedo MazzaIIII
INurse, Professor of the Department of Nursing/UFPR. <firstname.lastname@example.com>
IINurse, Professor of the Department of Nursing/UFPR. <email@example.com>
IIINurse, Professor of the Department of Nursing/UFPR. <email@example.com>
IIIINurse, Professor of the Department of Nursing/UFPR. <email@example.com>
Translated by Philip Sidney Pacheco Badiz
Translation from Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, Botucatu, v.12, n.26, p. 649 - 657, Jul./Set. 2008.
In this study, we take speech and writing as discursive construction, indicating the reasons for making it the object of analysis and introducing different instruments to achieve this. We highlight the importance of discourse analysis for the development of health research, since this method enables the interpretation of reality from a text or texts, revealing the subjects of production and their interpretation, as well as the context of their production. The historical construction of contradictions, continuities and ruptures that make discourse a social practice is unveiled. Discourse analysis is considered a means of eliciting the implied meaning in speech and writing and, thus, as another approach to the health-disease process. Therefore, this reflection aims to incorporate Discourse Analysis into the health area, emphasizing this method as a significant contribution to Social Sciences.
KEY WORDS: Discourse analysis. Health-disease process. Health research.
Neste trabalho, tomamos a fala e a escrita como formação discursiva, destacando as razões para convertê-la em objeto de análise, e apresentando diferentes instrumentos para tanto. Ressaltamos a importância da análise do discurso para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas em saúde, por permitir a interpretação da realidade a partir do texto, ou dos textos, evidenciando os sujeitos da produção e interpretação deles, assim como o contexto de sua produção. São explicitadas as contradições, as continuidades e rupturas construídas historicamente, que fazem do discurso uma prática social. Consideramos a análise do discurso como possibilidade de captar o sentido não explícito na fala e escrita, portanto como mais uma forma de aproximação do processo saúdedoença. O objetivo desta reflexão é incorporar a análise do discurso à área da saúde, enfatizando este método como rica contribuição das Ciências Sociais.
Palavras-chave: Análise do discurso. Processo saúde-doença. Pesquisa em saúde.
En este trabajo presentamos la expresión oral y la expresión escrita como formación discursiva, enfatizando las razones que la convierten en objeto de análisis, para ello presentamos diferentes instrumentos. Resaltamos la importancia del análisis del discurso para el desarrollo de las investigaciones en el área de la salud, pues tal método permite interpretar la realidad a partir del texto, o de los textos, poniendo en evidencia a los sujetos de la producción y de su interpretación. E así como el contexto en el que se producen. Explicamos las contradicciones, continuidades y rupturas construidas históricamente, que hacen del discurso una práctica social. Consideramos el análisis del discurso como posibilidad de captar el sentido no explícito en el lenguaje oral y escrito, por lo tanto como una forma más de aproximación del proceso salud-enfermedad. El objetivo es incorporar el análisis del discurso en el área e la salud, haciendo énfasis en este método como una rica contribución de las Ciencias Sociales.
Palabras clave: Análisis del discurso. Proceso salud-enfermedad. Investigación en salud
We consider discourse analysis as a means to elicit the implicit meaning in discourse and therefore, as a way of approaching the health-disease process by means of interpreting the language, since it is in the world of language that we explain the determination of certain phenomena and concepts, such that the word acts a kind of bridge between one or more speakers and one or more listeners. The word can be considered the purest and most sensitive means of social relationship, configured as an ideological[1] phenomenon par excellence. It is precisely the word that best reveals the basic and ideological means of communication. Thus, we understand that, by means of the word, we also define ourselves towards the other or towards the community (Bakhtin, 1979).
Therefore, we believe that word structuring and organization define discourses and enable the understanding of phenomena and concepts. The word unveils existing contradictions and conflicts in a given reality, since it is constructed from the ideological web that expresses the repertoire of an age and a social group; thus, the understanding of discourse demands understanding of the social relations that it conveys (Minayo, 2004).
This reflection aims to incorporate Discourse Analysis (DA) into the health area, emphasizing this method as a meaningful contribution to Social Sciences.
Health is not a separate field from social reality; on the contrary, it is part of a complex reality that concomitantly exposes problem and intervention, which demands unique but integrated knowledge. This makes qualitative health analysis particularly important. Among several possibilities of interpretation in qualitative research, we consider that DA, as an approach to understand phenomena, can collaborate in the general reflection on the conditions of production and apprehension of textual meaning from the most varied fields, among these, the field of health (Minayo, 2004).
Speeches and written texts are impregnated by the culture, context and intentions of those who express themselves. Interpretations of this material have been considered the difficult art of truly reading the implicit meaning of the discourses. From this perspective, an appropriate technique must be established by the analyst so that while performing the analyses, they can construct an interpretation that elicits the implicit meaning.
According to Maingueneau (1989), DA, from the 1960s onward, was articulated under the influence of structuralism concerning a reflection on writing, linguistics, Marxism, psychoanalysis and history. However, it is important to point out that the methodologies used for DA do not create an expert interpretation, capable of mastering "the" meaning of a text, rather they contribute to constructing procedures that reveal "the reader's eye".
The discourse analyst contributes to contemporaneous hermeneutics, where the presence of an implicit meaning is supposed to be elicited, such that it is indispensable to point out that such "concealed meaning", without adequate technique, remains unattainable.
According to Japiassu and Marcondes (1998), hermeneutics-dialectics represents the explanation and interpretation of thinking, considering concrete reality and historical movement, where nature is a totality and phenomena are reciprocally conditioned, evolving clashes and consequently generating the knowledge process. For Minayo (2004, p.231) "[ ] the hermeneutic-dialectic method is the most capable of providing the closest interpretation of reality. It places the speech in its context in order to understand it from its core and in the historic and total specificity field where it is generated [ ]."
Discourse reveals the subject's understanding of a given historical and social context, through which the relations for producing their own discourse are unveiled. In relation to health, a subject's discourse projects their view of society and nature, the historicity of relations, societal organization, conditions of production and social reproduction (Minayo, 2004).
Currently, we have to consider that DA may designate different language productions, since the approach to understand such phenomena, by means of such analysis, enables an analyst to label the content presented as discursive productions; however, they are not always founded on the strictness proposed by the methodology of DA. Thus, by analyzing discourses, we do not examine a set as the product of a single subject, but consider their enunciation as correlated to a given sociohistorical environment, in which enunciators are replaceable.
Methodology of Discourse Analysis
One of the aspects leading to this text construction is the numerous notions of discourse, as well as the diversity of methodological focuses that exist to contemplate such plurality, which echo the interdisciplinary perspectives for the use of DA, encountered both in semiotic, ideological perceptions and, in other situations, in hermeneutic perceptions.
Discourse Analysis can be considered the practice and field for many disciplines. Considering DA as a perspective for the health area, we reaffirm it as a way to approach and include language into an abstract system, where individuals express themselves orally and in writing, thus generating meanings that reveal their understanding regarding the determination of the health-disease process.
In order to approach an understanding of the determination of the health-disease process, the subjectivity and uniqueness of each individual must be explained, together with idiosyncrasies and structural issues.
Thus, Discourse transcends language and its analysis is a process of subject identification, of argumentation, subjectivity and construction of reality, where meanings are revealed and ideologically determined (Piovesan, 2006).
As such, analyzing discourses is no longer the privilege of Linguistics, due to the contributions from other academic disciplines that have generated different discipline attributions and affiliations, which have evolved into varied practices based on distinct concepts, while maintaining in common the consideration of language usage analysis in its written or spoken form (Iñiguez, 2005).
We highlight two reasons why discourse has become the object of analysis (Iñiguez, 2005).
. Theoretical and epistemological reasons
Throughout the 20th century, a progressive increase in the attention given to language occurred, with implications that enabled the elaboration of new concepts regarding the nature of knowledge (ordinary or scientific) and new meanings for terms such as natural, social and cultural.
. Broadening of language studies
The transformation of human language caused reorientation of its study toward relational and communicative contexts and revealed the centrality of these communication processes in the constitution, maintenance and development of our societies.
Discourse is an extraordinarily polysemic concept (Iñiguez, 2005). There are as many definitions of discourse as there are authors of such definitions and traditions of analysis. Depending on the notion of discourse used, the conception of discourse analysis assumes very different meanings. It is necessary to review the polysemy of the word discourse, used with different meanings by enunciation and DA theories. Some researchers prefer the expression "discursive formation" (Foucault, 1997).
The term expresses different world views present in a given sociohistorical construction, in which the speakers participate. From a general viewpoint, ideological formations materialized in discursive formations determine discourses, their analysis present the discursive formation, in which the texts consist of themes and concepts that represent the world view of specific individuals (Fiorin, 2005). Thus, discourses reflect the world view of their authors and the society in which they live, significantly widening previous understanding of discourse as the enunciation and succession of sentences (Iñiguez, 2005).
Discourses are considered in the context of ruptures that outline determinant discursive practices of a fragment. Thus, the enunciates constitute a primordial instance of discourse, not in their logical or grammatical sense, but in the regularity and specificity of their use, performing an enunciative function that is transformed by discursive formation. Discourse is defined not by its immediate meaning, but by the discursive practice, which, at its core, constructs meaning. Language becomes an instrument of power that reflects a linguistic practice translated into political discourse (Foucault, 1997).
Therefore, it is necessary to restore the polysemy of the word discourse. Based on Iñiguez (2005), listed below is a synthesis that is not intended to be classificatory, rather a summarized typology of the concepts of discourse.
Enunciate or set of enunciates effectively used by a speaker
Set of enunciates which construct an object
Sets of enunciates spoken in an interactive, action-powered context
Set of enunciates in a conversational/normative context
Set of restrictions that explain the production of a set of enunciates from a social status or specific ideology
|Set of enunciates from which it is possible to define the conditions of their production
Source: Iñiguez, 2005, p.123
We clarify that it is necessary to perceive that DA is not only concerned with the texts produced in their singularity, but also with understanding the context in which they are produced. This ambiguity (singularity x social body) is recognized as one of the restrictions of the field DA, a limitation that can be overcome by the application of adequate methodology and review. Some critics of DA explore the ambiguity; this is limited to the printed body, eliminating from research the "heterogeneity of mechanisms that act upon language productions", where formal mechanisms (linguistic) and institutional data (production conditions) can articulate in a homogeneous, controllable and theorizing whole (Maingueneau, 1989).
According to Maingueneau (1989), terminologies such as "Discourse" and "Discourse Analysis" have been used in different ways. He emphasizes the difference between analyses that can be strict, emphasizing the center and disregarding the edges, thus not presenting the outlines of the discourse itself, which are related to disciplines close to and that involve the center: psychology, sociology, history, philosophy and, particularly in this study, the comprehensive area of health, with its undeniable interdisciplinarity. Richardson (1999) claims that in DA, spoken or written, the widest aspects of the subject can be found, because aspects related to their history and their interrelations with the institutions can be verified. Therefore, the discourse expresses the subject with their listening/responding strategies in different constitutive positions and situations in order to produce speech or text.
In recent studies, different instruments can be applied to determine the DA produced by the subject. Among these, structured observations, interviews by means of preestablished instruments, focal groups and recorded document reviews can be highlighted. The analysis itself is performed by exhaustive reading of the material in order to explore it and construct the data treatment and interpretation. At such time, the researcher identifies the context of discourse generation in order to encode it, identify its recorded units and the categories that emerge from it.
It is an exhausting process that can be performed in different ways; however, regardless of the means, the approximation of the researcher with the material constitutes an encounter with historically-contextualized and socially-determined subjects and with their cultural diversities and subjectivity.
Proceeding to analysis necessarily means considering aspects that reveal discourse heterogeneity, recognized by broken speech, irregular grammar and changes in the meaning of words. Other elements can be identified, according to the diversity of the discourses. Thus, it is necessary to be attentive to the silence, the non-verbalized, that which has clearly been included, tone of voice or even speeches devoid of meaning regarding that which is being discussed (Maingueneau, 1989).
It is possible to read and interpret discourses through many sources: objects of material culture, iconographic images, urban environment and the very materiality of a city, as well as a whole range of produced texts. Analyzing discourse sources is a classical and permanent theme in social and human sciences and it is necessary as a methodology for health research. Identifying, verifying the use of and interpreting sources are constituent elements of the nature of research, even defining their quality, their very identity and the understanding of health research which seeks to be interdisciplinary, where the source is a construct of the researcher, that is, recognition that the author constitutes denomination and the attribution of meaning; this is part of knowledge production (Ragazzini, 2001).
Regarding the diverse interpretive approaches in interdisciplinary health research, certain fields that researchers work within can be listed: illness history, disease and death perceptions and determinations, bioethics, social representations, public policies, among others; situations exist in which the researcher frequently faces oral or written enunciates.
Health researchers began making use of methods from social sciences and humanities in order to conduct research aimed at explaining health-related phenomena beyond the clinical and biologicism. For this purpose, in order to understand a health-disease event, a health researcher must also search for ideological, subjective and collective concepts in the field of knowledge, recognizing that a phenomenon may and must have multiple approaches, which if not complete, are at least ways to perceive how individuals produce meaning when expressing themselves orally or in writing as individuals and members of a society, a situation which enables approximation with the discourses produced, thereby generating meaning and intentionality.
A discourse can be analyzed by means of different approaches: quantitative, serial or by the qualitative possibilities of the text. A text can be approached qualitatively in numerous ways. Historians, literary reviewers, linguists, psychoanalysts and any other professionals who depend on text interpretation to carry out their jobs, are continuously investigating new modus operandi, going beyond what lies on the surface (Barros, 2004).
Semiotic approaches, currently used by researchers from social sciences and humanities allied to health area, significantly enrich the possibility of making a text express things that the author did not intend to reveal. Whenever somebody uses certain expressions and words, they are already saying something to an expert analyst, regardless of the meanings they intended to attribute the words. The presence of certain images in a speech, the recurrence of certain words, the way a narrative is structured, intertextual references - whether voluntary, explicit, implied or involuntary - everything is meaningful, no matter who is pronouncing the words.
We have yet to include the possibility of contrasting different texts, comparing diverse accounts of a single event, which may confirm or contradict each other. Such contradictions are valuable, as are the internal contradictions within a text and the polyphonic nature of certain discourses.
The richness of any text lies in the fact that it can be simultaneously "an object of meaning" as well as "an object of cultural communication between individuals". In fact, these two aspects are mutually complementary.
On the one hand, a discourse can be defined by its organization or structuration that makes it "a totality of meaning"; on the other hand, it can be defined as "an object of communication" established between addresser and addressee or between an addresser and many addressees (Barros, 2004).
Attempting to assess a text in its first dimension (object of meaning) generates an internal or structural analysis of the text by means of theoretical and methodological tools. Wherever we assess a text as an object of communication, there is necessarily an analytical implication of the surrounding sociohistorical context that, somehow, also attributes meaning to it. Thus, an external analysis of the text is conducted as to the author's intentions, their personal motivations or of those who have apportioned it (Barros, 2004).
We agree with the author in the sense that the most useful outlook for the health researcher is to consider the duality of a text (meaning and communication), which implies a multidimensional view, concomitantly contemplating three dimensions: intratext, intertext and context.
Intratext corresponds to the inner aspects, implying assessment of the text as object of meaning; intertext refers to the relation of a text to other texts, while context refers to the relation of a text to the reality in which it is produced and that surrounds it, corresponding to the external aspects of the text (Barros, 2004).
It is extremely important for health area studies that they are not limited by structuralist analyses, since all texts are produced in a place not only defined by the author, by his style and background, but also by the society that envelops the author and the dimensions of this society (Barros, 2004).
Humans are more than their circumstances, such as society, urban and rural social environment, and the institution they belong to. Thus, a writer or a speaker conforms to the rules of a certain discursive practice, ordinary or aristocratic, literary or scientific, festive or funereal. Authors write texts leaving their traits all over them, though these are not wholly their own. Generally, the correct interpretation of a critical reader should differentiate fact and the reality of the written version, or other means of presentation, otherwise the reader may end up far from the truth.
As important as the location of the production, is its destination, whether this is a purpose, a receptor or group of receptors, which places a text within a triangular scheme composed of: the place of production, the content (intention, message), the place of reception (or destination), vortices permeated by an intertextuality, the network where meaning emerges. This factor is perceived in the analyzed text or even in the tools used to analyze it (Barros, 2004).
According to Gil (1994), researchers must systematize DA so that they can identify the material to be analyzed through to the categories present in the discourse. Therefore, clarity concerning the problem and research purpose is indispensable.
Thus, we perceive a wide scope of possibilities that can be applied to a text in order to achieve better understanding of the same. From contact with the textual source up to its analysis, there is a path to follow that includes: origin of the source, questions asked, societal insertion, conditions of production, verification of the receptors, the unspoken, the veracity of the text and perceived contradictions. Cultural and political approaches can also be distinguished, which widens the possible approaches to a produced discourse.
Some authors, like Barros (2004), also affirm a discussion involving the problematics of discourse as a way to approach language, differentiating between enunciation and enunciate: the former constructs a language use, organizing a temporality that occurs in the present, unlike the enunciate. Others, like De Certeau (2005), analyze the difference between discourse of the knowledge in the social world and the authoritative discourse of the rebellious willingness as a historiographical line of operation, differentiating strategies and tactics.
These different perspectives permit perception of the transparency between knowledge and truth; however, the production of an understanding, legitimized through the observance of discipline determinants (in the present case, health), affirms the scientific character of a report.
Thus, what emerges from the discourse is less the fact and more the edges, the outlines of its production meaning and its own version of fact. It is in the overlapping of social location of a discourse production, of a practice or writing, that meanings and narratives are configured.
Therefore, we reinforce the importance of the interdisciplinary perspective for the field of health, because it is necessary as a means of association between Health, History and Linguistics, verifying, through DA, how language also reflects in facts that take place in a given sociopolitical context.
Considering this theoretical perspective, we can view discourse according to Focas (2003), through two distinctive focuses: that of the event and that of the constitution of symbology, in which, when approaching a cluster of discourse manifestations, we perceive three large units in their linguistic characteristics: evasive discourse, as a "dubious way of speaking"; paraphrase, which works with the literal meaning and reformulates meanings; and polysemy, which generates biases and constructs ambiguities, since occasionally language uses speech and writing to conceal its own thoughts or feelings.
The discourse must be analyzed in the context of its continuities and ruptures, which define certain discursive practices within their fragments. Thus, enunciates constitute a primordial instance of the discourse, not its logical or grammatical meaning, but in the regularity and specificity of their use, performing an enunciative function and leading to a discursive formation. Thus, discourse is defined not by its immediate meaning, rather by its discursive practice, which, within discursive formations, generates meaning (Focas, 2003).
The dichotomy between the instance of the time of enunciation and the time of the narrated material reflects the discourse statute, summarized by the counterpoint between the discourse of the real and the discourse of the imaginary. The onset of enunciation in the enunciate generates the narrative process, which produces content units, representing that which the disciplines refer to (Focas, 2003).
Distinct from the content unit is the discourse unit, understood as the thematic unit that constitutes the narrative process in its ideological meanings. Thus, the discourse presents a symbolic connotation that, beginning with the event, promotes a disruption between the ideological and the symbolic, constituting, through the representations of the unveiled meanings, the differing discourse formations that it entails (Focas, 2003).
From this perspective, we proposed small approximations of the field of Discourse Analysis, considering that in the health area, there is increasing need for strategies and tools that reveal the ruptures, continuities, ambiguities of meanings produced by individuals who generate knowledge.
The existing literature in the health area that approaches DA as an investigative strategy is not comprehensive, frequently concentrating on studies in the Mental Health Area. However, we increasingly perceive that, by questioning subjects regarding their perception of conditions and events related to health and disease or developed practices and existing public policies, researchers from the area often require tools that enable them to recognize what is individual, collective meaning and sociohistorical context in speeches and writings - in discourses.
Thus, DA enables health area professionals to understand and develop a less innocent relation to the subject's language production (oral or written).
For Orlandi (2003), it is by perceiving that which is "spoken" as private property, approaching the subjects of discourse as a social practice and by analyzing this production, that the mediation between individuals and social reality is revealed.
Final Considerations
Historically, Discourse Analysis has been used in different sectors of knowledge production, such that the systematization of the method to proceed to analysis is as important as the theoretical background selected for the construction of knowledge in a given area.
Health research draws on different areas, such as social sciences and humanities, in order to produce knowledge on health phenomena, perceived or experienced by means of the subject's Discourse Analysis.
The importance of this production for researchers in the area is the possibility of understanding individual and collective discourse as historically and socially determined, revealing elements that permit the reorientation of health practices.
Another important issue is when subjects that participate in knowledge construction become more committed to reality verified by research, thus becoming constitutive elements of a new discourse in the health area.
The discourse then becomes less technical and contemplates the reality of its subjects and is, therefore, the expression of understandings constructed on certain health issues that will enable the investigated subject and researcher to reflect upon the determination, in order to change it.
It is important to observe that, independent of the tools used for Discourse Analysis, they must be capable of analyzing the totality, in order to reveal, in speech and in writing, what certain authors recognize as the textual body. Every enunciation placed within a discourse by the subject is historic and is historically conditioned, making it necessary to specify not only the notion of discourse, but also the notion of structure that is being applied (Iñiguez, 2005).
In Discourse Analysis, it is important to observe that certain situations presuppose discursivity as its own order, distinct from the materiality of language, but concomitantly determined by language, i.e., a perpetual disequilibrium; thus, no preestablished harmony exists among the objects that can be investigated by Discourse Analysis, rather analyzable hypotheses temporally alight on the knowledge of the textual body and the knowledge of the possibilities offered to the discourse analyst through the study of the facts of language.
In this study, we sought to outline the polysemy of discourse, reviewing a microcosm of authors and demonstrating how these authors taught us how to investigate not only a text, but also to describe the conditions of the existence of discourse, the enunciate or a set of enunciates.
The authors Laura Christina Macedo, Liliana Müller Larocca, Maria Marta Nolasco
Chaves and Verônica de Azevedo Mazza participated equally in all stages of the elaboration of this article.
BAHKTIN, M. Marxismo e filosofia da linguagem. São Paulo: Hucitec, 1979.
BARROS, J.D. O campo da história: especialidades e abordagens. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2004.
DE CERTEAU, M. A invenção do cotidiano artes de fazer. 11.ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2005.
FIORIN, J.L. Linguagem e ideologia. 3.ed. São Paulo: Ática, 2005.
FOCAS, J.D. Inconfidência mineira: mediações discursivas. Ling. (dis)curso,v. 3, n. 2, p. 9-26, 2003.
FOUCAULT, M. Arqueologia do saber. 5.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 1997.
GIL, A.C. Métodos e técnicas de pesquisa social. 4.ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 1994.
IÑIGUEZ, L. A análise do discurso nas ciências sociais: variedades, tradições e práticas. In: ___ (Org.). Manual de análise do discurso em Ciências Sociais. 2.ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2005. p. 105-16.
JAPIASSU, H.; MARCONDES, D. Dicionário básico de Filosofia. 3.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1998.
MAINGUENEAU, D. As novas tendências em análise de discurso. Campinas: Pontes/Editora Unicamp, 1989. p. 9-25.
MINAYO M.C.S. O desafio do conhecimento: pesquisa qualitativa em saúde. 8.ed. São Paulo: Hucitec, 2004.
ORLANDI, E.P. Análise de discurso: princípios e procedimentos. 5.ed. Campinas: Pontes, 2003.
PIOVESAN, A.M.W. et al. Aanálise do discurso e questões sobre a linguagem. Rev. X, v. 2, p. 1-18, 2006.
RAGAZZINI, D. Para quem e o que testemunham as fontes da história da educação. Trad. Carlos Eduardo Vieira. Educar Rev, n. 18. p. 13-8, 2001.
RICHARDSON, R.J. Pesquisa social: métodos e técnicas. 3.ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 1999.
1 In this text, ideology is understood as the set of predominating ideas in a given social group which explain and justify reality (Fiorin, 2005)
i Address: Rua Padre Camargo, 120, Alto da Glória, Curitiba/PR, CEP: 80060-240, (41)33607252


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Hollyzone's Albums Of 2011 1–10
And here's the top 10! These are the ten albums I would take if I could only have ten from this year, although why anyone would be so cruel as to only allow me ten albums from any given year is beyond me…
1. Anna Calvi – Anna Calvi
It's actually illegal in most countries for the under-18s to listen to albums are sexeh as this one, so be grateful we live in an enlightened nation where a woman cooing/bellowing about desire/the devil over Spanish-influenced guitars and occasional bouts of lush strings is totally acceptable. Oh yeah, this is bloody good. It's all lyrical gender swapping, and bursts of thrilling sound. Heck, it starts with a guitar solo without making you want to frisbee the record right out of the window.
Best bits:
- 'Suzanne And I' – everyone loves big, ambiguous anthems about lesbonics/friendship/who knows.
- 'Desire' – ecstatic chorus alert.
- 'Love Won't Be Leaving' – kitchen sink outro of joy.
2 Austra – Feel It Break
Do you like a bit of chilly 80s-style synth music? How about it with an ex-opera singer, ex-punk, ex-singer-songwriter in charge? Yes, that is a good plan. That is Austra's plan. Lobbing lovely glacial synths onto a live rhythm section gives the songs quite a lot of heft and crunch, so even if the album's a little one paced it's a good pace, like the march of an army of sad robot penguins. There's also the matter of Katie Stelmanis's vocals – it's pretty standard in chilly synth pop world to have singers who can't really sing, but she can. So it's all dizzying harmonies, wordless pizzicato bleeping and big stentorian bellowing, although thankfully none of that diva, singing-more-notes-than-is-necessary shit. Marvellous stuff.
Best bits:
- 'Darken Her Horse' – the best 'big soaring chorus' of the year, hands down.
- 'Lose It' – sounds a little like those Lloyds adverts but is really really good.
- 'The Beat And The Pulse' – juddering, Knife-ish, chug, one of the singles of the year.
3 Suuns – Zeroes QC
An ominous drone, a sinister groove, vocals drifting in on a distorted yet still human-sounding wind. Who are Suuns and what do they with our computers and guitars? They're the twisted, sinister end point for all that indie-electro-dance stuff which has been around in varying degrees of palatability for the last few years, and they have made a damn fine album which isn't as hard to listen to as it might seem at first. Its ideas are kept brief and breezy, nothing outstays its welcome. It invites us to dance, but in the style of a close second place in the Turing test – these robots have almost made a record which sounds human, but not quite. And that's why it's so good.
Best bits:
- 'Arena' – a real grower, in that it grows from nothing in a danceable number.
- 'Up Past The Nursery' – sparse but still funky, quite a feat in itself.
- 'Armed For Peace' – the only track serves as a pretty much perfect introduction to the rest of the album in just three and a half minutes.
4 Gang Gang Dance – Eye Contact
Gang Gang Dance are one of those special bands who can release an album where the first track is eleven minutes long and mostly ambient noise, and yet the album is still their most poppy. There's a duet with him from Hot Chip, which sounds like a sad nerd serenading a crazy witch. Y'see, Lizzi Bougatsos has a voice like a tiny, eight year old serial killer, which makes it doubly unnerving when she starts singing lyrics nicked from nursery rhymes or ditties about "mindkillas". It helps that all the tracks are brilliantly buzzy electro stompers, sometimes with thrilling guitar solos, sometimes with basslines you can feel from space.
Best bits:
- 'Thru And Thru' – best closing track on any album this year, bar none.
- 'Mindkilla' – shaking the foundations with that bassline.
- 'Adult Goth' – a floor-filler from a dimension where floor-fillers are made by super-smart computers not slavering morons.
5 PJ Harvey – Let England Shake
Oh come on, of course this was going to be in here. It's ruddy, bloody marvellous, with the emphasis on blood because this is one of those albums where EVERYONE DIES! It is, frankly, the best album of the year. Why is it not at #1 in that case? Only because it's heavy as anything, and I sometimes can't listen to it for the same reason I am not always in the mood to watch Grave Of The Fireflies. EVERYONE DIES!!! But yeah, you've read a million reviews of this, it's visceral, it's heartfelt, it's brilliant.
Best bits:
- 'All And Everyone' – the way the track builds and threatens a cathartic release but then… doesn't. Only more misery. Brutally effective.
- 'The Last Living English Rose' – swaggering and proud musically, broken and crushed lyrically, a beautiful juxtaposition.
- 'The Glorious Land' – for those painful lyrics – "What is the glorious fruit of our land?/Its fruit is deformed children".
6 Nicola Roberts – Cinderella's Eyes
Yeah, that's right, a Girls Aloud solo album. Nicola was clearly always the best member of GA, and by making an album with Metronomy, Diplo and Dragonette she's shown that it needn't be death by Will.I.Am and auto-tune robot vocals. What Nicola has realised is that all the best pop music is really really sad. And god, taken purely on its words this is a contender for the most misery-filled album of the year, with lots of lovely minor key synth pop and occasionaly shonky piano ballads driving it forward so you don't end up wanting to kill yourself just by listening.
Best bits:
- 'Gladiator' – surprisingly lyrical dexterity and freakiness (Nic can apparently fire bullets from her chest, who knew?) with a nice martial guitar strut.
- 'Yo Yo' – top notch sad pop.
- 'Beat Of My Drum' – initially disorientating but after a few listens it's great in a MIA-without-the-edge-or-the-bouts-of-cringey-stupidity way.
7 Young Galaxy – Shapeshifting
Young Galaxy are a bit hard to describe. They're not really electro but they use a lot of synths to twinkle and parp. They're kind of indie, in that they make songs of conventional structure and use guitars to jangle sometimes. They certainly like their percussion, and some songs are just a single guitar or synth line over an array of claps, whacks and other percussive sounds (castanets, steel drums). They have moments of small-scale Arcade Fire-ness. Ok, they have quite a few Arcade Fire style moments, albeit with fewer instruments going off at once. Then again they are Canadian. Must be in the water up there.
Best bits:
- 'Peripheral Visions' – if only for the big sing-a-long at the end which is quite affecting.
- 'Blown Minded' – stately march which nicely shows off the whole epic-but-kind-of-minimalist vibe of the whole album.
- 'We Have Everything- – unashamedly anthemic.
8 Those Dancing Days – Daydreams And Nightmares
Adorable Swedish scamps who look like a bunch of off duty Brownies and sing sweet little ditties about… threatening violence against crap boyfriends and bitchy girl rivals alike. Wait, that can't be right. Oh but it is, TDD serve up ADHD nuggets of joyful indie-pop, none of which overstay their welcome. It's as if they need to wrap it up quickly and get home for tea and biscuits. I always find myself loving one album a year purely because it does a simple trick very very well, and this year it's TDD. There's nothing revolutionary here, but they have a scary mastery of their chosen form. Plus they've split up now, so no more fun for us. :(
Best bits:
- 'Fuckarias' – there's no way this track should sound as muscular as it does, like being chased by a big pink truck.
- 'I Know Where You Live pt.2' – brilliantly huge chorus.
- 'Can't Find Entrance' – breakneck speed sugary indie joy.
9 Washed Out – Within And Without
As the man who spearheaded the terribly named 'chillwave' invasion of the music blogosphere a couple if years back, there was a good chance that Ernest Greene, aka Washed Out, might have left it a year too late with this debut. The good news for Greene, and us, is it's never too late for good albums and this is a very good album. It sounds suitably fuzzy, as if you're remembering these songs rather than listening to them, with vocals floating around in the ether. But it's not indulgent, and it doesn't lack melodies, Greene grasping that lovely sonics mean little if they're just tapering over a lack of decent tunes. There's even a couple of sing-a-longs if you can decipher the words. Maybe it's more fun to sing along in a fuzzy, distorted style.
Best bits:
- 'You And I' – simply gorgeous diet with Caroline from Chairlift, which just oozes class.
- 'Amor Fati' – gorgeous jangler.
- 'Eyes Be Closed' – keyboards splashing around like the ocean.
10 Harrys Gym – What Was Ours Cannot Be Yours
More sad songs from the melancholic Norwegians. Harrys Gym like to bring along a dash of electronics to their eleagic little epics, each building up and spiralling down, like tides. The record is centred around Anne Lise Frøkedal's beautiful voice, all poised sadness or restrained sexiness, harmonising over herself. It's an album which seems fixated on the inability of humans to be strong or heroic all the time. Musically there's a lot of heft to the surroundings, tricks stolen from dance, trip hop and rock are peppered around the place, rhythms juddering or basslines crunching underneath Frøkedal's latest missive about someone having the spirit crushed out of them by age or feckless partners or the weight of expectation. Heavy and light at the same time.
Best bits:
- 'Sailing Home' – specifically at 1:34 when the bass and the drums pile in properly.
- 'Old Man' – for one of the most heart rending vocals of the year.
- 'No Hero' – the slightly odd pairing of the indie guitars, the wobbling synth bass and the vocals shouldn't work but does, very well.


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Thursday, May 13, 2010
The Ultralight Jacket is a nylon crew inspired outerwear piece perfect for this time of year. It won't bring much in the form of warmth, but for wind and rain it can serve as your first and last line of defense. Coming in two bold shades of orange and blue (where's the yellow?) the jacket can really set off a kit grounded in understated basics. Sometimes the best thing for you boat shoes, chinos and white oxford is a piece drawing on completely different aesthetics - I think that's partly the appeal of everything from a slicker to a parka. It's LEC so the price is right and all those aforementioned details are there including underarm grommets and the ability to pack itself into its own pocket. On a completely different note, what's up with this dude's face? Creep status on smash.
6 comments:
$60 is too much for this, should be about $30. I don't expect LEC to give it away, but $60 for a one layer synthetic jacket is a rip-off. Wait for an online sale, or check out LEC in Sears.ReplyDelete
David- How about the Burkman Bros. nylon windbreaker for $120?ReplyDelete
American Apparel looks to have some cool windbreakers too. I need to pick one of these up, because I'm spending my summer in England. Any other sartorial suggestions for a summer in Europe? Could you do a post for the essentials for a summer in Europe?ReplyDelete
Having spent part of two summers in England, I'd say you should definitely not forget some warm clothes -- it can get surprisingly chilly and rainy, even in July (like mid-50s Fahrenheit as a high). But then it can change to high 70s/mid 80s pretty quick, too. I'd guess you should bring lots of basic layers that can be shed (blazer) or rolled up (sleeves) if the weather changes a lot. Just my $0.02.ReplyDelete
How about this for $20, nice and simple.ReplyDelete
the only Burkman windbreaker I could find was $210 at Barneys.
- AnonymousMay 14, 2010 at 2:59 AM
It's kinda creepy that the model is doing the same exact pose with the same exact wrinkles in the jacket in two pictures.ReplyDelete
...I'd rather go American Apparel than LEC any day. Made in USA. LEC is made in China.


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Russia's Invasion of Ukraine – Five Lessons for Taiwan
Beijing is closely watching the West's response to the 24 February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine for its own plans regarding the eventual subjugation of the independent country of Taiwan. The West's desultory response to the crisis has revealed plain vulnerabilities and false assumptions about what the West would likely do in the event of an amphibious invasion or blockade of Taiwan by mainland China.
Streamlining Air Land Operations for Better Outcomes
Lessons for Military Planning in 21st Century Warfare
ADFA Presentation 2019 – General Sir Peter Cosgrove, AK, MC
The Governor-General of Australia, General Sir Peter Cosgrove, AK, MC, addresses ADFA staff and trainees
Center of Gravity: What Clausewitz Really Meant (Part 1 of 2)
Part one of a two-part article written by Professor Joseph L. Strange, Marine Corps War College and COL Richard Iron, British Army.
This paper explores what Clausewitz really meant by the term "center of gravity". The authors propose that he intended it to be a strength, either moral or physical, and a dynamic and powerful agent in its own right. The authors also suggest that the current Joint and NATO definition of center of gravity is incorrect, implying it to be a source of strength, and that this mis-definition has been responsible for much of the confusion about the concept that exists today.
Managing Assumptions in Planning and Execution
Capability Boost: Trials Demonstrate Enhanced ViDAR/ScanEagle Package
This article from Jane's International Defence Review discusses the use of Visual Detection and Ranging (ViDAR) technology on the ScanEagle unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform to provide detection capabilities comparable to radar using Electrooptical (EO) and Infra Red (IR) sensors.
Redefining the Center of Gravity
COL Dale C. Eikmeier, USA (Ret.), is an Assistant Professor at the U.S. Army Command and General staff College. COL Eikmeier shares his thoughts on identifying Center of Gravity. This method will provide campaign planners with an analytical tool that will fulfil doctrinal intent.
Understanding Centers of Gravity and Critical Vulnerabilities (Part 2 of 2)
Part two of a two-part article written by Professor Joseph L. Strange, Marine Corps War College and COL Richard Iron, British Army.
This paper examines the role of centers of gravity in operational design, looking at the relationship between centers of gravity and critical vulnerabilities. It suggests an analytical model that joint warfighters and planners on both sides of the Atlantic can use to assist strategic and operational-level planning. The model helps to analyze existing and potential vulnerabilities of a center of gravity, and determine which of those could be especially critical.
How the Military Fights Climate Change
Military leaders have known for millennia that the time to prepare for a challenge is before it hits you, says scientist and retired US Navy officer David Titley. He takes us from the humanitarian catastrophe in Syria to the icy shores of Svalbard to show how the military approaches the threat of climate change, in a refreshingly practical, nonpartisan take on climate preparedness. "The ice doesn't care who's in the White House. It doesn't care which party controls your congress. It doesn't care which party controls your parliament," Titley says. "It just melts."
Center of Gravity Analysis "Down Under"
Dr. Aaron P. Jackson is a Joint Operations Planning Specialist in the Joint and Operations Analysis Division of Australia's Defence Science and Technology Group. The article expresses his view on Center of Gravity Analysis and The Australian Defence Force's New Approach.
The Australian Military and Logistics: When Preparedness Equals Survival
The material comprises a 2014 interview with Air Vice Marshall John Blackburn (Retired), in which he poses a number of questions relating to the resilience of Australia's Defence logistics capabilities. The questions and tacit solutions he proposes have become more relevant given recent instability in the South China Sea and the current shifts in US foreign policy.


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Jerry Brown is now a 75 percent favorite to become the next governor of California, according to the FiveThirtyEight forecasting model, after accusations circulated widely that his Republican opponent, Meg Whitman, knowingly employed an illegal immigrant as her housekeeper. Last week, Mr. Brown was a 60 percent favorite, and two weeks ago, he was the underdog in the race.
Although several polls released in the past week show Mr. Brown, a Democrat and former governor, with a small lead, it is unclear how much of the change in his standing is attributable to the reports about Ms. Whitman and the housekeeper, Nicandra Díaz Santillán. Ms. Whitman acknowledged hiring Ms. Díaz Santillán, but she says she dismissed her as soon as her immigration status was disclosed. A poll by Rasmussen Reports registered no change in Ms. Whitman's unfavorability rating — 50 percent, unchanged from two weeks earlier — even as it found Mr. Brown gaining ground.
Any impact may be hard to measure because it might be felt most among Hispanic voters, and the polls were already in disagreement about how many of their votes Ms. Whitman might get. About 40 percent of Hispanic voters in California prefer to speak Spanish to pollsters, according to the research firm Latino Decisions, and these voters may be underrepresented in some polls.
Still, the allegations are obviously not helpful to Ms. Whitman, whose campaign has reacted with a certain lack of dexterity — with Ms. Whitman, for instance, having volunteered to take a polygraph test to rebut them. Such distractions may be relatively more difficult for a candidate like Ms. Whitman, who is running her first campaign for office, and who is used to writing her own script as the former chief executive of eBay.
History teaches us, nevertheless, that shifts in the polling sometimes reverse themselves — indeed, this happens at least as often as a candidate continues to gain "momentum" from them. So caution is warranted until we get a better sense of whether Mr. Brown's lead can be maintained.
Several other gubernatorial races have had polling shift in recent days.
In Illinois, several polls show improvement for the Democratic incumbent, Pat Quinn. But the model is being cautious here. Only one poll, from Suffolk University, shows Mr. Quinn with a lead outside the margin of error, while until recently his Republican opponent, Bill Brady, had leads of around 10 points in most surveys. The model, therefore, still gives Mr. Brady a 79 percent chance of winning, although this is down from 91 percent last week.
If the model seems too slow to catch up to Mr. Quinn's apparent surge in the polls, it's worth bearing in mind another Midwestern state, Ohio. Some polling in Ohio last week had suggested that the Democratic incumbent, Ted Strickland, was pulling into a rough tie with his Republican opponent, John Kasich, spontaneously overcoming what had been about a 10-point deficit.
The model, however, was cautious about taking those numbers quite at face value. And this week, that looks prudent, since three new polls have come out showing Mr. Kasich still holding an advantage of 6 to 9 points. Obviously, Mr. Strickland could still win — and Mr. Quinn's chances must be considered improved. But the lesson is not to jump to conclusions. Especially at this stage of the campaign, things like changes in advertising spending patterns can touch off short-lived bounces in the polls.
A race that shows a more unambiguous shift toward the Democrat is the one in Maryland, which had received fairly scant polling. Both a Washington Post poll and a Rasmussen Reports poll now show the Democratic incumbent, Martin O'Malley, with a solid lead there. The model now makes him an 89 percent favorite, up from 67 percent last week.
The Republican candidate, Rick Scott, has gained ground in Florida. The polling had been mixed there — but each of the five polls released in the past week give Mr. Scott a small advantage over the Democrat, Alex Sink. The model assigns Mr. Scott a 60 percent chance of winning, after he was a slight underdog in last week's forecast; it is plausible that Mr. Scott has been assisted by the Senate race in the state, where the Republican, Marco Rubio, has run a strong campaign and has emerged with a clear lead over two opponents.
Another Republican with an improved forecast is the party's candidate in New Mexico, Susana Martinez. It is not necessarily that Ms. Martinez has gained any more ground over her Democratic opponent, Lt. Gov. Diane Denish; she has appeared to hold the lead for a while. But with three polls in the past week showing her with a clear advantage — New Mexico had received limited polling before — the model can now be more confident in its forecast.
A few other states are worth commenting on:
- A poll from the University of New Hampshire contradicts two others that had shown a close race there. It gives the Democratic incumbent, John Lynch, a 17-point lead, although with a high number of undecideds. We had not been persuaded that Mr. Lynch was in all that much jeopardy; he has a strong approval rating, and one of the polling firms that was showing a close race, American Research Group, has a dubious track record. But the model now rates his chances of winning back above 90 percent.
- In Connecticut, on the other hand, we were perhaps a bit too confident in assigning the race to the Democratic candidate, Dan Malloy. While Mr. Malloy remains the favorite, fresh polling this week shows him with less than 50 percent of the vote, giving the Republican, Tom Foley, an opportunity to win by closing the race strongly.
- A poll from a Maine firm, Critical Insights, shows the Democrat, Libby Mitchell, with a small plurality of the vote after having trailed the Republican Paul LePage by double digits in their previous survey. But caution here: Mr. LePage has led in several polls, including one released by Ms. Mitchell's campaign. Maine remains among the more difficult states to forecast, with no fewer than three independent candidates in the race and a high proportion of undecided voters.
- The notion that Carl P. Paladino had a credible chance to upend Andrew Cuomo in New York seems more dubious today, with three new polls showing Mr. Cuomo, the Democrat, with leads of 15 to 24 points. The model now makes Mr. Paladino, whose unfavorability ratings have increased sharply, about a 100-to-1 underdog. You could find better risks to take at that price, like the Buffalo Bills winning the Super Bowl.
- A Texas survey from Public Strategies gives the Republican incumbent, Rick Perry, a 14-point lead, his largest so far. That improves his winning chances to around 90 percent in the model.
- Finally, in Rhode Island, there's now a clearer consensus that the favorite is the Democrat, Frank T. Caprio, and not the independent, Lincoln Chafee, a former senator. But races with three or more significant candidates are tricky to predict, and it's plausible that Mr. Chafee could gain ground if the Republican, John Robitaille, who had just 14 percent of the vote in one survey, begins to look nonviable to voters and some of his support migrates to Mr. Chafee.