text:
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At the time of this political struggle, Rabbi, Reb Hillel Borukh Bendit Lichtenstein was the rabbi in Kolomea, a man with a great reputation in the Jewish world.
Reb Hillel Lichtenstein came from Hungary. He was born in 1815 in Vag Vecse [Veèa, Slovakia], where his father was the rabbi and chairman of the Beis Din [rabbinical court]. In 1867, Reb Hillel was received as rabbi in Kolomea. In his youth he excelled with his particular abilities. He was one of the most distinguished and most zealous students of the Chasam Sofer [18*] (Reb Moshe Sofer). He [Reb Moshe Sofer] wrote about him: He was one of the best yeshiva students in the Petersburg Yeshiva, filled through and through with Gemara [Talmudic rabbinical commentaries] and pusokim [post Talmudic commentaries], rishonim and acharonim [rabbinical scholars from the 11th century to the present], his sense clear and polished and his fear of God was great.[37]
In the course of many years Reb Hillel was active in the yeshiva of Chasam Sofer in Petersburg where he was valued because he was a God-fearing person, because of his diligence and his capabilities as a great preacher. From 1850
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he was the rabbi in various kehilus [Jewish communities] in Hungary. In 1852 he was accepted as the rabbi of Klozenberg. There he was involved in a quarrel with Rabbi, Reb Avraham Fridman, chairman of the Beis-Din of Karlsburg. He also was the rabbi of the state from 1846. The kehile did not order his certification according to the law. Rabbi Fridman waited for a long time. When no request came on the part of the Klozenberg kehile, Rabbi Fridman complained to the governor and on the 2nd of March 1853, he received his decision according to which Reb Hillel Lichtenstein was removed from his rabbinical seat. Then Reb Hillel left Klozenberg.[38] He was the rabbi in Szikszo [Hungary] during the years 1865-1867.
Reb Hillel Lichtenstein belonged to the extreme and he placed himself against every reform of Reb Azriel Hildesheimer who tried to spread general education. Reb Hillel was against the sermons in the German language that Hildesheimer gave in Western Hungary.
The question of presenting a national seminar [school] for rabbis in Budapest emerged on the agenda. He was the strongest opponent at the rabbinical assembly in Nyíregyháza, in 1864. He was a member of the rabbinical delegation that was sent to Kaiser Franz Josef I to deliver the negative opinion concerning the plan to found a rabbinical seminar.
In the years 1868-1869 he took part in the Jewish Congress in Pest, although he was then already a rabbi in Kolomea. Following his lead, the pious representatives took an extreme attitude.
He was one of the most extreme at the Jewish Congress in 1868-1869. He was a magnificent preacher and traveled to all of the kehilus [organized religious communities] and spoke against the new reforms. He was a moralist and a Hasid of Reb Chaim Halberstam of Sandz. He led his life according to the customs of the Hasidim. After the death in 1863 of Rabbi, Reb Gershon Ben Yehudah, the author of Avodas HaGershon [The Works of Gershon], the son-in-law of Reb Menakhem Mendl of Kosev, Reb Hillel Lichtenstein became rabbi of Kolomea in 1867. He brought about the opposition by the progressive people and followers of the Enlightenment because of his extreme attitude toward the question of education and his opposition to the achievements of the emancipation. They, in his opinion, caused
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the discarding of the yoke of tradition [and adherence] to heresy and to the Enlightenment. He preached that they wait patiently for the coming of Moshiakh [the Redeemer or Messiah].
When he acquired the rabbinical seat in Kolomea, he also began to exert influence on the rabbis and rebbes, that they should call together an assembly of rabbis in the manner of the Hungarian Orthodox in order to enact rules about separating the pious from the destructive. In 1883 an assembly of rabbis was called in Lemberg and as a result of this assembly the Khevra Makhzikei haDas [Society to Uphold the Faith] was created.
All of his thoughts were focused on the damage to religious Jewry according to the style of the Hungarian orthodoxy. He strongly opposed orthodoxy in the style of Reb Azriel Hildesheimer and his heirs. He came out especially against his son, Hirsh Hildesheimer, because he recommended the founding of schools in Eretz-Yisroel. He saw sinners and villains in support of this plan that would cause greater wickedness than Christian clergymen who try with much money to catch [Jews] in their nets, but their success is very small.[39] In Galicia it was thought a sin that he took part in the Congress of Hungarian Orthodoxy.
During the days of the Tisa Eslar Proces [blood libel and trial in Tiszaeszlar, Hungary involving the death of 14-year old peasant girl], he accepted that the anti-Semites and their stories were just God's messengers and the sinful Jews spoke uselessly, that their entire hatred and intention was to corrupt, God forbid, God fearing persons, because they are ...am le'ba'dad yish'kon [Numbers, 23:9 lo, it is a people that shall dwell alone ] and do not mix with the gentiles, do not eat and drink with them and they have no complaints about them.
In his thoughts and beliefs about fundamentals (precepts) of Yidishkeit [Jewish way of life], Eretz-Yisroel occupied a central position. He had an absolute hatred for the exile.
In some nations there were good kings and their rulers and residents were people of mercy, as in other nations and in all of the nations of our King, may his glory be enhanced. However, we see ourselves as strangers who are called 'patient ones' and those who say the opposite are non-believers in the dogma of dogmas of the faith and do not take into account the Jewish nation that believes and is devoted to the faith in God. However, he was an opponent of the Ahavat Zion [Lovers of Zion] and of Baron Rothschild's work in Eretz-Yisroel.
He was against erecting schools in Eretz-Yisroel and he turned to the supervisors of all the communities in Jerusalem with an appeal
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in which he publicly came out against Hildesheimer, who wanted to create szkoles [szkole is the Polish word for secular schools] (schools) in Jerusalem, the Holy City, because, according to his understanding, it was incomprehensible: If he truly wants the colonization of Israel, why does he need szkoles and to dress Jews in French clothing, as this is not necessary for agricultural work?
He was against cooperation with those who, according to him, would bring shame upon the Jewish people and for whom all mitzvahs that were connected to the land were worth nothing and they put on French clothing so that we no longer recognize that they are Jews.
Therefore we said: It is time to do for God, a time to build and to create unions for Eretz-Yisroel according to the Torah and mitzvah [commandment] that this is the practical purpose of a true Eretz-Yisroel and to appoint as leaders the great men of Israel who will serve as eyes for the congregation, so that it does not yield a hair of the Shulchan Aruch [book codifying Jewish laws] and of Jewish customs. And they will attempt to establish colonies and to employ God fearing appointees so that they will be seen to be keeping the mitzvus [commandments] that are connected with the land.[41][The designation for footnote #40 is missing.]
In the course of his talk he was not deterred even from criticizing the earlier settlers and the Lovers of Zion stating that their purpose was not to found villages in the land of our forefathers, but their intention was to increase the denial of existence of God, filling the land with secular schools and houses of prostitution this was their tendency.
In exile he saw a deviation from the way of Torah. In the Jews taking root in lands of exile he saw the danger of their complete assimilation. Because of this he was opposed to learning the language of the land. And if the dignitaries of the country demand this of us, explicitly saying to us that only with this condition could the respect and freedom that is called equality be given to us, then we need to do everything that is possible in order not to agree to this. We also need to tell them that we do not want any freedom that causes our slavery for eternity and that we have a country that is ours by inheritance, a land that is called the holy land and only this rosy land is called Palestine by us, about which we pray and every day look to return there, although we have respect and freedom in other nations.
The basis of his conception of the world was the conclusion that during this long exile we went through various times, bad and good. It was now a time when the Jews had become very
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loathsome to the gentile nations who pursued all kinds of persecutions and the Jews withdrew from them and they were abused in all matters and the exile from this standpoint had for each generation good and bad, but the good side was outweighed; the bad was that which was against common sense and against the habits of human spirit; because one God had created us and we all have one God; yet he created me and him from one belly. Then how can we betray him? And the good is by which we are belittled and estranged from them, and it does not even suit them to speak with us and those who do talk are unified with us, brought closer and mix with us thanks to this, Jews remain an am l'vadad yishkon [a nation that lives alone - Numbers 23:9].
Rabbi Lichtenstein was convinced that no foundation for the traditional life was present in the lands of exile, but that the Jews needed to avoid every contact with the non-Jews and avoid every move towards their life. The young must not learn anything other than Torah or a trade and not the wisdom and not the writing in the language of the people. His worries about his beliefs about the religious way of life can be found in judgments carved with a lead quill in the memory of generations. This was embraced in great part, at his initiative, at the rabbinical conference in Michalovce [Nagymihály, Hungary] in 1866.
He rose above all afflictions of the world and in his eyes all of human life was a matter of suffering: a person was tested through all kinds of trouble and he became refined by poverty in order to be able to better his way. And the Torah was the rope with which God lowered us from heaven to the earth. And whoever holds it will not sink in the depth of the sea of afflictions in exile.
He held in esteem the ways of the Hasidim and the rebbes and believed that they were the tzadikim [righteous men] of the generation. In his program for Eretz-Yisroel, he was strongly influenced by Reb Akiva Josef Schlesinger (1838-1922), who married his daughter in 1860 and was with him in Kolomea oyf kest [support given by her father to a daughter's husband so that he could study Torah] for approximately 10 years.[42] Reb Akiva helped a great deal in the leadership of the yeshiva and in his communal activity. Following Rabbi Lichtenstein's initiative, Reb Akiva Josef Schlesinger was chosen as a member of the Beis Din [rabbinic court] in Kolomea. In his old age, Reb Hillel Lichtenstein wanted to emigrate
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to Eretz-Yisroel. His Hasidim collected money in order for him to be able to fulfill his desire. But he did not emigrate to Eretz-Yisroel.
When Schlesinger's son-in-law and brother-in-law worked on the creation of Petah Tikva and laid the cornerstone, Rabbi Lichtenstein sent money to buy building lots in order to settle two families of pious Jews there.
Rabbi Lichtenstein himself was involved in a quarrel about the shoykhet [ritual slaughterer] who was accepted in Kolomea that broke out at that time in Kolomea between him and the Wisznicer Rebbe. The quarrels lasted a long time and the kehile was divided. The two sides struggled in the synagogues and in the bati-medrashim [houses of prayer]. It was such an embittered struggle that the police had to become involved in the matter and it was even necessary to call the army to help. In such a situation, it was difficult for Rabbi Lichtenstein to help his son-in-law and he devoted himself to collecting money for the settlements in Eretz-Yisroel. In addition, the Wisznicer Rebbe expressed his opposition to Schlesinger who in 1884 visited rabbis and admorim [our lords, teachers and masters title of Hasidic rabbis] in Galicia about help in the matter of settling pious Jews in Petah Tikvah, and warned him to stop spreading propaganda on the part of the agricultural settlement in Eretz-Yisroel. This threw fear into Rabbi Lichtenstein who already knew the strong hand of the Wisznicer Rebbe and did not want to enter a new quarrel in his old age.
Rabbi Lichtenstein gave the bill of sale for the lots of land in Petah Tikvah as a documented gift to the leaders of the Kolel Ungarn [union of kehiles from Hungary] in Jerusalem, Chaim Zonenfeld and Yakov Blumental. It was said in their declaration that was published in the Orthodox press: If for now we will not have anything to do with the lots, is it because bavoynese ynu-ho ra'bim [in the view of our many sins said with the presumption of an unfavorable development] an appropriate time has not yet arrived so that Israel's children can sit in the Holy Land in joy and calm, each one under his vineyard and rainbow? Or because every step is surrounded by cliffs of temptation and stumbling blocks? However, we accepted the lots for the coming day (may it be God's will) that will, quickly in our days, bring salvation and relief for Jews. The agricultural worker will build his house and work his field undisturbed. And in order to show that the gaon [brilliant man] and tzadek [righteous man] loves charity, it is our duty to announce to all brother contributors who have helped through the tzadek that this gift of money
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reached the correct source, the desired place and with peace for Israel.
First, Rabbi Lichtenstein gave the document to his wife and children so that they could settle on the lots. Then he heard that the lots could pass again to the authority of the Turkish government if five years pass without the payment of taxes. Therefore he returned to his first decision and gave the lots to the Kolel Ungarn as a gift with the provision that these lots should be a Karen Kamyemes [permanent fund] for always and that it be named after him.
However, his request was only half fulfilled; the supervisors of Kolel Ungarn announced their opposition to his provisions in the press.
They tried to sell his lots several times; Rabbi Lichtenstein did not permit this harsh goal to be carried out, and the lots were sold only after his death to the officials of Baron Rothschild despite the sharp protest and the declaration of his son-in-law, Schlesinger.[43]
Rabbi Lichtenstein, feeling that his end was approaching, called all of the leaders of the Kolomea kehile to him, preached musar [a stress on spiritual and ethical discipline] to them and told them how to behave after his death and that they should not stray from the path of Torah and its minutest restraints.[44]
His religious extremism was so great that, according to his student and biographer Tzwi Hirsh Heler in his book, Beit Hillel [House of Hillel], Munkacs, 1893, they had purchased a donkey for him in order to fulfill the mitzvah [commandment] of peter khamor [the redemption of the first donkey] and he also had sheep in order to fulfill the mitzvah of reishit hagez [providing the kohanim high priests with the first shearing from the sheep raised in Eretz-Yisroel].
He died in Kolomea on the 10th of Iyyar [18 May], 5651 (1891).
As a preacher he was a people's speaker, whose mouth was like a torch. There was no doubt that despite his extreme views according to which he did not even fear a split in Jewish life, Rabbi Lichtenstein was one of the esteemed personalities of his generation.
Rabbi Lichtenstein left a large number of sforim [books] that were in the largest part books of sermons and musar.
And these are the sforim: 1) Lev haIvri [Heart of the Jew] two parts. The first part is a commentary on Chasam Sofers Tzava [Chasam Sofer seal of the scribe Chasam Sofer's Will], around 1864; 2) Maskil
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el Dal [Contemplating the Needy] in four parts, around 1867-1871, Lemberg, 1870-1871, a collection of sermons; 3) Avkat Rokhel [The Perfumer's Powders] Lemberg, 1883; 4) he published an appeal in Yiddish (86 pages) entitled El Haadarim - Oyfruf tsu Ale Treye Yidish Kinder [To the Flock Appeal to All Loyal/Devoted Jewish Children], Preszburg, 1864; 5) a book, Et La'asot [It is Time from Psalm 119:126 For it is time to act for God ]. And these are the contents of the book: questions and responses, how to show the people the way in which to go, the deeds that they should do, two parts, Lemberg, 1872-1878. These teachings are the most important of all his treatises. This is a musar-sefer [book of teaching on ethical behavior], written in the form of short questions and answers in matters of musar, Yires 4 [Awe 4] as well as in concrete matters, particularly about the struggle between the Orthodox and the followers of reforms. He demanded the exclusion from the Jewish collective of each Jew who did not follow the Torah in all its details and he strongly prohibited marriage with these people and that they be counted in a minyon [10 men necessary for prayer] because all of those who do not observe the laws of the Torah and tradition are violators of the law. Despite his extremist Orthodoxy, this book is distinguished by his ethical standing and with his devotion to the principles of Jewish ethics. Other of his other treatises that should be mentioned: 1) Makre Dardeke [Teacher of Children], commentaries on the Torah, Lemberg-Kolomea, 1888-1899; 2) Beth Hillel [House of Hillel], questions and answers, Satmar, 1908; 3) Shire Maskil [Scholarly Songs], sermons, Lemberg, 1877.
After him, Reb Uri Feywl [19*] ben [son of] Yisroel Moshe haLevi Schreier, who was the rabbi in Borotshyn [Bohorodczany], the author of The Great Ones of Holiness and the Small Temple, one of the founders and leaders of communal settlement in Eretz-Yisroel, Ahavat Zion [Lovers of Zion], was chosen as rabbi. In his old age, he returned to the rabbinical chair in Borotshyn and died there in 1898. After him, Reb Yakov ben Efraim Taumim, a descendent of Chacham Tzvi, was chosen as rabbi. He was the rabbi in Wielkie Oczy, then in Tarnograd, Poland. As he was driven out of there because he was an Austrian subject, he was invited to take up the rabbinical seat in Kolomea. He was the rabbi there from 1898 until his death on 2nd of the month of Iyyar, [May 3rd] 5688 (1908).
In the course of time changes took place in politics in relation to the Jews in Galicia. In 1876, the municipal administration demanded that the kehile hasten to carry out the reorgan-
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ization. Shomer Yisroel [Guardian of Israel] made efforts to stabilize the status of the kehilus [organized Jewish communities kehile is the singular] by arranging a uniform status, approved by the government and uniting all of the kehilus in one national union.
For this purpose, Shomer Yisroel called together the kehilus for a kehilus- day in order to deal with all the problems that were connected to the life of the Jews in Galicia. The Kolomea kehile was represented at the kehilus-day in Lemberg, from the 18h to the 20th June 1878, by its chairman, Shlomo Hersh Wizelberg, who was elected to the presidium of the conference along with Rachmiel Mizes and Dr. [Emil]Bik. Wizelberg was the second vice president; he also was president of the charter committee and he took an active part in the debates. A standing committee that was to be involved with the organization of the kehilus was elected before the close of the conference. Wizelberg was elected as second vice president.
Meanwhile, the elections to the Viennese parliament drew near. The Shomer Yisroel circles that had approached the parliamentary elections in 1873 with the slogan of an independent Jewish politics, renounced the idea in 1879. This time they did not prepare for the elections.
The Poles made use of the situation; Rabbi, Reb Shimeon Schreiber, one of the leaders of the extreme Orthodox, who created the society, Mahazike ha-Dat [Defenders of the Faith], as an organization struggling against the enlightened was presented as a candidate in Kolomea. A Jewish journalist from Vienna, Aleksander Scharf, stood against him. But, after a short time, he withdrew his candidacy.
Rabbi Schreiber received 1,443 votes out of 2,251 at the election.
Rabbi Schreiber was elected on the condition that as president of the Defenders of the Faith, and together with its spiritual leader, the Belzer Rebbe, he would influence the pious in all of the counties of Galicia to support the candidates of Kolo Polskje [Polish Circle].
After Rabbi Schreiber was elected, he never took part in the parliamentary debates because he did not know any other language besides Yiddish. But he always voted according to the instructions from Kolo. Once, when the vote
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occurred on erev Shabbos [on the eve of Shabbos], Kolo arranged for there to be a minyon [10 men necessary for prayer] in the parliamentary building so that Rabbi Schreiber could be at the voting. Rabbi Schreiber died in 1883 and elections were held in Kolomea. The Jewish intelligentsia in the voting circles of Kolomea-Buczacz-Sniatyn required a candidate to be entered who would have the standing to represent the Jews in parliament and know his way around the political problems. The election committee in these cities turned to the rabbi of Florisdorf, Dr. Josef Shmuel Block, who was born in Dukla and asked him to offer his candidacy to parliament. It is true that they placed the condition that he join the Polish faction. In his youth, Dr. Block was known for his great knowledge of the Talmud and he had a reputation as the child prodigy of Dukla. Ten years after his death, new ideas about the Torah were issued in his name.
After he left Galicia he dedicated himself to worldly studies. He graduated from the university and was welcomed after he had been the rabbi in several smaller kehilus as rabbi in Florisdorf. He became famous at this time thanks to his bold struggle against anti-Semitism, and particularly because of his appearance against Prof. Rohling [22*] of Prague, revealing his egregious forgeries from the Talmud. In Dr. Block, the Galician Jews saw the fighter for Jewry. After Dr. Block agreed to the conditions of the election committee, he was officially presented as a candidate to the Viennese parliament. In Lemberg, the Jewish notables, with Dr. Emil Bik and the preacher, Bernhard Lewenstein, at the head, came out against Block. The contention was that a deputy who was connected to Galicia with an internal-national alliance (Poland) must be elected. On the 1st of May a meeting, under the chairmanship of Dr. Philip Druker, took place in the kehile house. Dr. Philip Manish, the leader of Shomer Yisroel who contended that it was necessary to have political representation and not theologians such as Dr. Block in parliament, was against Block.
At the initiative of Lemberg, several kehilus in Galicia urged the residents of Kolomea to elect Dr. Bik.[45]
The Polish central election committee recommended the
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candidacy of Dr. Yohatan Warszawer of Krakow and the gabbai of the Belzer Rebbe, Reb Mordekhai Pelc, recommended the candidacy of the Christian, Baron Romaszkan.
Although Dr. Block was supported by the president of parliament, Dr. Smolka, the Poles boycotted him. Despite this all-sided opposition, Dr. Block was elected with a majority of two-thirds of the vote, although he had not appeared even once in the voting district.
After the voting, he visited the cities of his voting district and he was received there with great enthusiasm by the Jewish masses. The leaders of the parnosim of the kehilus and the members of the city councils did not appear at the welcome in honor of Dr. Block. In particular, Dr. Maksimilian Trachtenberg, the Jewish city president [mayor] of Kolomea, boycotted him. In parliament, Dr. Block fulfilled his task as Jewish representative.
In 1885 the parliament session closed and new elections were declared. Dr. Block turned to a member of the Vaad haKehile [Council of the Jewish community] and of the city council, Shlomo Hersh Wizelberg, with an announcement that he would come to Kolomea to give a report about his parliamentary activity. True, Wizelberg was only a vinkl-advokat [23*] and although he did not have any higher legal education, he surpassed every Kolomea lawyer and he had political influence in city hall and in the kehile. Wizelberg advised Dr. Block that he should not come to Kolomea because this time he did not have a chance of being elected. Dr. Emil Bik had won over the members of the city council and the parnosim of the kehilus, as well as the government apparatus. However, Dr. Block was not scared off and he came to Kolomea. He was welcomed with enthusiasm and he became convinced that the mass of Jewish voters were with him.
In Kolomea itself a Block party was foundedwith the name the Good Youth. This was Jakov Brelter and his entire family, which had a great influence in the city.
At that time elections also took place for the city council. The Poles worked skillfully in these elections. Their leader was Wishniewski. This Wishniewski was a man of high culture, had traveled around the European countries a great deal, was rich and a philanthropist. As a member of the city council
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he suggested the naming of two streets in the Jewish quarter after Spinoza and Mendelssohn. His suggestion was accepted. Wishniewski concluded an election agreement with the Block party, according to which he was obligated to support the candidacy of Dr. Block to parliament, if the members of the Block party during the election to city hall supported the election of the Polish candidate for city president [mayor].
Wishniewski and Stanislaw Szczopanowski, the authors of the book, The Desolution of Galicia, took it upon themselves to carry on propaganda for the election of Dr. Block. He was supported by Franciszek Smolka and the well known Polish deputy, Count Potocki. But the Central Polish Election Committee presented Dr. Bik. The followers of Dr. Bik carried on a hard fight against Block. Jan Dobczanski, the representative of the Central Polish Election Committee, specially visited Kolomea and warned the citizens that they should not vote for Dr. Block. In Buczacz, the Jewish city president, Berish Shtern, threatened the Jews and the Christian voters. He said that Dr. Block was an enemy of the Christians and that they must not vote for him. These elections were a great event. Enthusiasm reigned in all of the districts. The women went to the cemeteries to pray for the success of the elections. The city instilled terror at the voting boxes. But despite this, the Jewish voters in Kolomea, Buczasz and Snytyn were not scared off and they went to the voting boxes. It is true that propagandists from Dr. Bik's side falsified documents and used all kinds of schemes. In Kolomea, Wizelberg declared that Dr. Bik had promised to build a new synagogue for the Jews and a new church for the Christians if he were only elected. But all of this was of no help. Dr. Block was elected with a majority of 28 votes.
Two months after the elections to parliament, elections to the city council took place and the Jews supported Wiszniewski in the spirit of the agreement that had been made.
At the end of 1890 the term of office of the parliament session ended and the new elections were set for the beginning of 1891. The opponents of Dr. Block began to dig in against him in the voting districts. Dr. Emil Bik was not presented against him then, although he had in the last years carried out for the voters of Kolo-
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mea, Snytyn and Buczasz all trials in the Lemberg land courts without payment. In his place was presented Leon Meizlish, one of the grandsons of the well known Warsaw Rabbi, Reb Dov Berish Meizlish; he was the son-in-law of Brodski, the Jewish millionaire, but his wife did not want to live with him. After many years during which he filed many legal cases against her, he gave her a religious divorce and in 1890 he received compensation of a million guldn.
The initiator of his candidacy was Reb Mordekhai Pelc, the gabbai [man who assists in running of synagogue] for the Belzer rebbe, who was angry with Dr. Block because he did not want to contribute 5,000 guldn to the newspaper, Mahazike ha-Dat [Defenders of the Faith] or collect this sum among the Viennese Jews. Out of anger, he proclaimed Leon Meizlish as the candidate of Jewish Orthodoxy in Galicia.
Meizlish declared that he must receive the mandate even if it cost him hundreds of thousand of guldn. Doubts grew about his Austrian citizenship because he had lived for many years in Paris; the mayor of Buczasz, Berish Shtern, helped him sort out his Austrian citizenship and also his voting rights. Meizlish's agents spread money right and left, spread polemical writings in Hebrew and Yiddish in which the writings of Dr. Block on the subject of Biblical criticism were assaulted.
Ignatz Shreiber, the president of Mahazike ha-Dat, published a Yiddish leaflet in which he declared that the activity of Dr. Block in parliament was considered to be against the pious Jews. The Belzer Rebbe also issued an appeal against Dr. Block.
The Poles again offered their candidate, a well know enemy of Israel [the Jews], Count Staczinski, who was supported by Polish officialdom. It is interesting that the assimilated, who were concentrated around the weekly newspaper, Oczyzna [Homeland], came out against Dr. Block. The officials of the district began with various threats against the Jewish voters. The regime clearly recommended the candidacy of Staczinski. In addition to this, the Prime Minister sent a warning letter to the governor of Galicia.
This time Dr. Block was supported by Dr. Bik. The leaders of the Kolomea kehile, Shlomo Hersh Wizelberg, Yakov Bretler, Josef Funkenshtein, even publicly appealed to the voters
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under the name Dover Beytu [In Good Time] in which the representatives of the kehile demanded that only Dr. Josef Shmuel Block should be elected.
The kehile representatives took on a reserved attitude for as long as the struggle between Dr. Block and Dr. Bik went on. With the appearance of the candidacy of Meizlish, the kehile found it necessary to recommend Dr. Block and to declare that one must not vote for Meizlish. This appeal contributed to the unity of all voters. [24*]
The elections took place on the 4th and 5th of March, 1891. The voting passed calmly in Buczacz and in Snytyn. Terrible unrest took place in Kolomea. The peasants who supported the candidacy of Staczinski marched through the streets of the city and attacked the businesses, which closed immediately. A number of Jews were wounded and one Jew was stabbed to death. The peasants also damaged the Jewish cemetery. Despite the terror, the Jews in most of the cities in the county were not frightened off and they went to the voting boxes. Dr. Block was elected with 2,128 votes. Staczinski received 1,778 votes and only 97 voted for Meizlish who had squandered so much money.
The position of Dr. Block, who voted for Jewish interests at every opportunity, was very difficult in the new parliament. The Social Christians, with Duke Lichtenstein at the head, began to fear the Polish faction, that it should eliminate his position. The president of the Polish Club, Zaleski, was interested in removing Dr. Block. He used the opportunity of a protest against the elections in the voting district, Kolomea, Buczacz, Snytyn and demanded of Dr. Block that he kindly decline the mandate. On the 22nd of October, 1895, Dr. Block withdrew.
New elections were held in the district. Dr. Block again presented his candidacy. The mayor, Dr. Maksimillian Trachtenberg, who was even supported by the anti-Semites, Dr. Karl Lueger and Ernst Schneider, was presented against him because they were interested in every opportunity to eliminate
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Dr. Block and remove him from the parliamentary political arena.
As a lawyer, Dr. Trachtenberg was convicted in 1891by the lawyers' chamber in Lemberg with a fine of 300 guldn for violating the honor of the position of lawyer and in 1892 with a fine of 100 guldn.
The country committee determined that as the mayor he bring deposits from outside to the bank and, because of a series of swindles and abuses with these deposits, his management was considered as complete anarchy.[46] The Polish Club, with the support of the Austrian Prime Minister, the Polish Count Badeni, made every effort to disrupt the election of Dr. Block. The district executives received exact instructions to use every means possible for this purpose and they did everything they could: they demanded a tax from Jewish manufacturers of 500 guldn for Dr. Trachtenberg's election fund. The tax commission summoned Jews and warned them not to vote for Dr. Block. On election day, gendarmes guarded the entrances to the voting boxes and stopped Jewish voters.
The leaders of the anti-Semites in Vienna demanded in a telegram that in no way should Dr. Block be permitted to be elected. Thanks to such terror, Dr. Trachtenberg was elected and he sat in parliament until 1900, not achieving anything there.46)
The Zionist shareholders' committee in Vienna and Dr. Herzl, himself, rejected the proposal from Adolf Stand and the Zionists did not present any candidates and did not take any
[Page 56]
active part in the elections. Dr. Natan Zejnfeld, the candidate of the Poles who represented the city during the years 1901-1906, was elected in Kolomea.
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
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Updated 12 Feb 2011 by LA


text:
ACML 2016 : 8th Asian Conference on Machine Learning
Conference Series : Asian Conference on Machine Learning
|Link: http://www.acml-conf.org/2016/
Call For Papers
*Call For Papers -- ACML 2016*
The 8th Asian Conference on Machine Learning (ACML2016) will be held at the University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand on November 16-18, 2016. The conference aim is to provide a leading international forum for researchers in machine learning and related fields to share their new ideas, progresses and achievements. Submissions from regions other than the Asia-Pacific are highly encouraged.
The conference calls for high-quality, original research papers in the theory and practice of machine learning. The conference also solicits proposals focusing on frontier research, new ideas and new paradigms in machine learning.
This year we are running *two publication tracks*: Authors may submit either to the *conference track*, for which the proceedings will be published as a volume of Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR): Workshop and Conference Proceedings series, or to the *journal track* for which accepted papers will appear in a special issue of the Springer journal Machine Learning.
Please note that submission arrangements for the two tracks are different - there are different deadlines and conference track papers are submitted via CMT and journal track papers are submitted via Springer's Editorial Manager system -- submission deadlines follow below, but please see the conference website http://acml-conf.org/2016/authors/call-for-papers/ for other details.
*Important Dates*
Journal Track Submission Deadlines:
March, 21 2016
April, 4 2016
April, 18 2016
May, 2 2016
Conference Track Submission Deadlines:
Early Submission Deadline May 9, 2016
Final Submission Deadline August, 15 2016
Deadlines are all 23:59 Pacific Standard Time (PST)
Topics of interest include but are not limited to:
Learning problems
Active learning
Bayesian machine learning
Deep learning, latent variable models
Dimensionality reduction
Feature selection
Graphical models
Learning for big data
Learning in graphs
Multiple instance learning
Multi-objective learning
Multi-task learning
Semi-supervised learning
Sparse learning
Structured output learning
Supervised learning
Online learning
Transfer learning
Unsupervised learning
Analysis of learning systems
Computational learning theory
Experimental evaluation
Knowledge refinement
Reproducible research
Statistical learning theory
Biomedical information
Collaborative filtering
Computer vision
Human activity recognition
Information retrieval
Natural language processing
Social networks
Web search
Learning in knowledge-intensive systems
Knowledge refinement and theory revision
Multi-strategy learning
Other systems
We look forward to your submissions, and to welcoming you to Hamilton in November!
Bob Durrant
Kee-Eung Kim
ACML 2016 Program Committee Chairs

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Scott Andrew Bartley
Scott Andrew Bartley is a professional genealogist specializing in Vermont, French-Canadian, Mayflower, and colonial American problems. He was the archivist for the New England Historic Genealogical Society where he worked for fifteen years. Currently, he takes private clients, lectures, teaches online genealogy courses, and edits two journals (Mayflower Descendant and Vermont Genealogy). His website is www.yourgenealogist.com.


text:
|1 Year
Be the first to review this product
|Read Reviews| Write a Review
|Video Conferencing Equipment
|Categorization By Manufacturer:
|Multipoint Control Units
|Large Conference Rooms, Media Servers and Conference Platforms
|Codian Series
|High Definition
|Media Servers and Conference Platforms, Video Conferencing Systems
|4505 Enterprise MCU
The Tandberg TelePresence MCU 4505 is a HD multimedia conferencing bridge with 6 HD or 12 SD video ports. The Tandberg TelePresence MCU 4505 can be used with all vendor endpoints; its compatibility gives you the benefit to use the best equipment.
With the Tandberg TelePresence MCU 4505, you can seamlessly transform from a SD system to a HD system. Using the TelePresence ISDN Gateways with the Tandberg TelePresence MCU 4505 makes the 4505 interoperable with ISDN networks. The Tandberg TelePresence MCU 4505 is a fully integrate-able system; integrates with Telepresence Management Suite, and is compatible with Microsoft Office Communications Server. The Tandberg TelePresence MCU 4505 features a built-in gatekeeper and streaming server.
The TelePresence ConferenceMe technology enables the 4505 to deliver multipoint desktop video. The TelePresence Universal Port technology enables the 4505 to deliver best quality video.
TANDBERG provides video conferencing telepresence equipment. It's the market share leader and is now a part of Cisco Systems. TANDBERG products are known for their quality and innovation while delivering the most inclusive and reliable total solution of video products in the industry.
TANDBERG's product line includes video systems, personal video conferencing, telepresence, management, network infrastructure, recording, streaming & archiving, peripherals & accessories and multipoint control units. TANDBERG MXP series of video conferencing systems are its best selling products and Vision 600 is the perfect solution for executive office and small meeting room applications.
TANDBERG's videoconferencing systems are easy-to-install, maintain and service. The company believes that the success of any videoconferencing solution depends upon high quality, reliable and easy-to-use products that deliver excellent value. It's dedicated to improve communication between businesses in worldwide and ensure savings in traveling with a more realistic and cost-effective solution.
Communication Gateways are used to connect two or more communication networks. They filter message traffic because messages pass through from one source destined to another source elsewhere. Communication gateways are used in broadcasting facilities, business organizations, and entertainment venues.
Communication Gateways provide connectivity between devices that wouldn't have been possible. It provides a point of isolation between two largely independent systems and permits interconnection of legacy systems with newer products.
The best known manufacturer is AMX. Its featured products, the NetLinx ZigBee Gateway and SIP Communications Gateway are the best selling integrated controllers.
Conferencing equipment is used to facilitate a conference. It is a hi-tech equipment that is used for video or only audio conferences. Conference equipment is used from office desktop conferencing to large professional conferencing venues like training centers, courtrooms, auditoriums and boardrooms.
Some of the popular manufacturers are ClearOne, LifeSize, KEDACOM, MediaPOINTE, POLYCOM, SONY and TANDBERG. They have a good reputation among customers for their popular products. ClearOne creates environmental friendly products for efficient and effective personal/group communication.
Popular products are ClearOne's CHAT 50 Personal Conferencing, CHAT 150 USB Personal Conferencing and CHAT 170 Personal Conferencing Speakerphone, LifeSize's Video Center and LGExecutive, Kedacom's TS6610/6610E, TS6210/6210E, TS5210/5610 and TS3210/3610, MediaPOINTE's TAC-80 videoconference system, DMR HD digital recorder + live streamer and VIDi 10 encoder, and Polycom's VSX 7000s videoconferencing system.
|TelePresence MCU 4505
|Product Compatibility
|Standards-based and compatible with all major vendors' endpoints
|Universal Transcoding and Transrating
|HD and SD can be combined within the same conference
All calls are automatically transcoded and transrated for audio and video
Any bandwidth, any resolution, any video or audio codec can be used on any video call within the same conference
All participants have their own personal encodes
|Streaming Video
|Built-in streaming server
Ability to view using Windows Media Player, RealPlayer, or QuickTime
Streaming of slides (H.239 and Virtual Network Computing [VNC])
Text chat
Unicast and multicast
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), TCP, or HTTP
Independent choice of bandwidth and codec
|Localization and Customization
|Custom interactive voice response (IVR)/auto attendant audio prompts and graphics
Uploadable multilanguage support
Unicode conference and site names
|Built-In Gatekeeper
|Resolution of E.164 numbers
Registration of conferences, endpoints, and gateways
Ability to register up to 25 devices
|Built-In Web Server
|Complete configuration, control, and monitoring of the system and conferences
|Multipoint-Control-Unit (MCU) Features
|Dial in or dial out through web server
Standalone or with gatekeeper/registrar/proxy
Configurable audio and video auto attendant
Advanced continuous presence as standard on all ports
Automatic selection of best layout
Individual layout selection using remote control or webpages
More than 50 custom layouts
Active speaker selection using remote control or voice activated
Floor assignment through webpage or management application
Far-end camera control tunneling using remote control or webpages
Text identification of sites
On-screen text messaging to individual or all sites
Built-in conference scheduling and reservation
On-demand and ad-hoc conferences
Automatic lecture mode
Preview of conference and individual camera on webpages
Web conferencing option - those without endpoints can still interact
On-screen list of participants
Uploadable bitmaps for voice participants
Video association for IP and traditional private branch exchanges (PBXs)
Automatic connection to audio conferences
Cisco TelePresence Multiway technology, which enables Cisco® video endpoints to initiate ad hoc multiparty calls
|Content Features
|Presentation mode: You can add slides from your PC using VNC.
Dual video using H.239 and BFCP content sharing
Automatic content handover
Widescreen (16:9) support
Four content modes: Hybrid, Passthrough, transcode and main video
Up to 1080p in H.264
Up to 720p in H.263
Passthrough content option to maximize capacity
Content transcoding for interoperability
Participants with no content support can receive transcoded content in main video
|Cisco Telepresence Conferenceme
|Video, audio, and content sharing:
Multiple layouts
Firewall friendly
Independent transcode per participant
Up to 12 simultaneous connections
Client computer requirements: Refer to the system requirements of your PC and the list of verified webcams under the support section of the Cisco website.
|High-Definition Performance
|Main video up to 1080p 30 fps and 720p 60 fps H.264 4-Mbps continuous presence
Comprehensive HD audio codecs
Content video up to 1080p
|English as standard, with option to load alternative language packs onto the system
|Up to 4 Mbps with both H.263 and H.264, for each site in all conference modes, including advanced continuous presence
|Video Standards
|H.261, H.263, H.263+, H.263++, and H.264
|Video Resolution
|From QCIF up to 1080p (1920 x 1080), including interlaced iCIF and iSIF
4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios
|Frame Rates
|Up to 60 frames per second
|Audio Standards
|G.711, G.722, G.722.1, G.723.1, G.728, G.729, MPEG-4 AAC-LC, MPEG-4 AAC-LD, and Polycom Siren14/G.722.1 Annex C
|Audio Features
|Wideband audio mixing
Built-in and uploadable auto attendant voice prompts
Automatic gain control, adjustable gain, power indication, and individual audio mute using webpages
|H.323, SIP, H.235 (Advanced Encryption Standard [AES]), Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol (SRTP), Transport Layer Security (TLS), H.239 (dual video), VNC, Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP), H.243 (chair control), FTP, Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP), (Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), HTTP, Secure HTTP (HTTPS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Network Time Protocol (NTP), IPv4, and IPv6
|Quality of Service (QoS)
|Configurable differentiated services code point (DSCP) or type of service (ToS)/IP Precedence
|Security Features
|Seven levels of access rights and privileges for users
Strong password policy
Personal identification number (PIN)-protected conferences
Conference locking through remote control or web interface or management application
Secure non-PC hardware and operating system
AES encryption, 128-bit key, H.235
SIP encryption
TLS certificate verification
Video firewall option - second Ethernet port
Audit log
Static ARP
|RJ-45 Ethernet, 10-/100-/1000-Mbps full/half duplex, manual or autosensing
RJ-45 serial port
CompactFlash socket
Thirty-nine status LEDs
|System Management
|XML - RPC management application programming interface (API)
Management through embedded web server
RS-232 for local control and diagnostics
Syslog for diagnostics
Configurable event logs and full H.323 and SIP decoding
Configuration backup to network
Secure upgrades through Ethernet or CompactFlash
Call detail records (CDRs)
|Network Resilience
|Cisco TelePresence Packet Safe technology, which provides intelligent down-speeding, packet pacing, and packet-loss concealment to help ensure optimum video and audio quality
Dynamic jitter buffering
Alternate gatekeepers
DNS SRV failover for SIP
|3.43"H x 17.4"W x 19.25"D
|19" rack-mountable (kit supplied) or standalone
|33 lb
|100-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
2684 BTU/h (787W) maximum heat dissipation
|Environmental Data
|Operating temperature 32 to 95°F ambient
Relative humidity below 95% (noncondensing)
|Approvals and Compliance
|USA/Canada safety: UL 60950-1
EN55022 class A, EN61000-3-2, EN61000-3-3, EN55024: EN61000-4-2,-3,-4,-5,-6,-11, FCC Part 15 class A, VCCI class A, AS/NZS 3548, CCC: GB4943, GB9254, YD/T993
RoHS compliant
"We have been a regular customer of Clary Business Machines when it comes to purchasing the office equipments. Few weeks ago, we had to make arrangements for a grand conference in which remote participants were to take part as well. Like always, we didn't have to hover through the list of video-conferencing equipment. I gave them a call & Sean guided me well to make the right purchase"
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text:
BitMango the king developer of puzzles has added a new particular app for their players. Word Search: Hidden Words features an exciting gameplay where you must find the hidden words within the scrambled letters of each level. The game has multiple categories available on each level which will always keep you searching for the needed words. Word Search: Hidden Words is a simple, classic word search game suitable for all ages which you can enjoy it with your family and friends. Also certain hidden words are concealed within which would give you bonus coins if you'll be able to find. No time limits or penalties are involved and neither a connectivity is required to be able to play the game as you like. This game is a great way to exercise your brain and spare your free time. In case you can't solve all the levels here you'll find Word Search Ice Cream Level 18 Answer:
Click here to continue to Word Search Ice Cream Level 19 Answer
Or click here to be directed to Hidden Words All Answers.


text:
Keeping Your Life Running.
800 Madison Ave. Charleston IL | 217-345-9521 | 8am - 5pm M-F | Map | Facebook
Breakdowns are never good! If it happens, place your confidence in JAS. We will diagnose the problem give you an exact estimate, and complete the repair. 95% of the time all in the same day. You're back on the road in no time!
Your whole life is riding in that car. We understand your faith is in Johnson's Automotive. That's the reason why at Johnson's Automotive we perform a FREE courtesyinspection on every vehicle that comes through our door. We want you to drive with the confidence your family deserves!
Let's face it, cars last longer than they used to. That doesn't mean that they don't need to be maintained. If you want the reliability that you expect from that $25,000 investment, take care of it. Trust us to recommend what should be done at the appropriate mileage and time intervals to keep your car in great shape.
We love our job! We assume you do too. That's why we always offer free pick up and delivery. If you are playing hooky we will take you back home and won't tell your boss, unless you ask us to, or unless we are servicing their car the same day. Uh, we'll try to help, but no warranty on the whole hooky thing, sorry.


text:
What's that old phrase about assumption? Something about ass? Ass? When Santogold arrived, seemingly from nowhere, with the perfectly formed split single 'Creator'/'L.E.S. Artistes' the assumptions were much and - or as, perhaps - knowledge was limited. A fire-breathing, double-edged sword of a split, the first we'd heard of her pitched Santi White – A - as a depoliticised, shrieking MIA and – B - as one of Sting's downbeaten, sullen lovechilder. We hear they could take Guernsey. 'Hear'.
Anyway, give her context and Santogold starts to find image quickly: she's not a distanced imitator of Mathangi Arulpragasam but a mate who shares producers. She doesn't rage like 'Creator' rages; most of all she pops like the B does and the album, released next spring, will be conclusive proof. And, critically, she was never part of a ska-punk troupe - "everyone keeps saying that, but it was more like a post-punk, new wave band". All fears assuaged, rub out those black marks.
Do you have time to speak?
I'm cool.
What are you up to at the moment?
Right this second?
Yeah right this second…
I'm talking to my manager and I'm IMing with Diplo and I just got home from the gym… (laughs)
Oh, the instant messenger thing? How's Diplo?
Yeah, he's good he's on his way back from Brazil and he's sending me all these songs.
Are you working with him then, on the songs?
No, he just does that – he gets carried away, like, have you heard this have you heard this, have you heard this, and plays me like a 100 songs…(laughs)
How well do you know him then?
Not for too long – I don't know, I've known him maybe a year and half, two years.
Are you from New York originally?
I'm from Philadelphia, but yeah I've lived in Brooklyn now on and off for years.
How is it round there? There seems to be a lot of good coming out of Brooklyn at the moment?
Um, I like it, it's like… um… I don't know, you know how like you kinda gravitate to areas that have a kinda energy that you need at that time?
Yeah sure.
Sometimes NY can be too much, y'know, but at the moment it's perfect. There's just a certain hardness to it that's inspiring and yet all the people I know are in New York enough that you get the warmth and the comfort zone you need even while there's all this other shit going on.
I suppose you'd need that in a place like New York, that comfort.
Definitely. There's just so many people that inspire me all around, and it's hard to find people that inspire you, y'know?
Is there anywhere it centres around… is it a 'scene' as such, or is it just a group of friends all living in the same area…
Um, well the scene that I'm mostly associated with, most of them live in Philly, but they're up here all the time – y'know Spank Rock and Diplo and Amanda Blank and MIA lives right round the corner from me but she's never here.
She's gone AWOL at the moment hasn't she?
No! She's on tour…
Oh right. We heard a couple of weeks ago that she'd gone AWOL.
No, I just talked to her last night, she was in the tour bus down south, in Dallas or something. I'm not sure where, but she's not AWOL.
Good… do you know her well, MIA? There have been a lot of comparisons straight away to MIA from the single – do you think that's valid or is it just a result of working with Switch?
I know her, she's my friend and I like her a lot. I think it's mostly working with Switch and especially from the track 'Creator'. I really don't think any of my other songs would get that comparison at all, but if that's one of the songs people have heard on MySpace… It's not just Switch, it's Switch and Diplo and Radioclit so people are, like, "Oh MIA". But some people think I'm a rapper, so it's just totally wrong. But I'm not even worried about it 'cause by the time the record comes out it won't even be an issue.
So if you're not a rapper what shall we call you? If you listen to 'L.E.S. Artistes' it seems a lot more pop-y than the MIA record…
That's what most of my record is like.
Yeah, I mean, like, I'm a singer and I write pop songs. I like interesting music but since I was a kid I've been drawn to music that you can sing along to. I think that all the cool and really interesting club stuff that's going on right now is amazing so I try to incorporate it a little bit but I don't think… the type of music that I've been listening to for 15 years straight is another type of music, y'know, and I want to make music that you want to listen to for a long time, not just when it's trendy or whatever…
…Pop songs?
Yeah, but I wanna write pop songs that are good – since the invention of bands like Backstreet Boys pop music just took on a whole different strain. But back in the '80s pop was stuff like Prince and the Police and all these other amazing people…
More interesting personalities…
Exactly, people like Devo had pop hits and Talking Heads had pop hits, y'know?
Yeah completely…
Yeah, so that's what I wanna do. When I say pop music I mean to write songs that you can sing along to and that hopefully have a lasting impact.
I'm not sure how far I'd go with the concept of innate inclination towards something as man-made as pop, but Santogold's ears seem more natural than any other of those peers she mentioned – M.I.A., Amanda Blank, Spank Rock – when it comes to writing a famous tune. I ask her how the debut record – out through Atlantic/Downtown in February, no less - came about: "I was like, 'I want to do some solo shit' and John said 'let's just write shit' so we started writing a bunch of new shit. Since then it's just turned into what it is." Natural with her shit, natural with her spiel, she still seems uncomfortable with the worked premise of performance.
Still, it's worth keeping an eye on that natural growth – Santogold returns to London to play the Hoxton Bar and Kitchen on the 6th of December.
From here on in the conversation wanders into mindless rumination on pomegranates, the gym and whether or not she could kick the ass of the entire DiS office for me – it's not for boring you with. Have MySpace, instead.


text:
Wolf Blitzer Calls Democratic Tax Hike Pursuit 'Beginning' of a Deficit Solution
CNN's Wolf Blitzer said Thursday that the Democratic fiscal cliff plan of raising tax rates on the top two percent of income earners is the "beginning" of a solution.
"But it's a beginning. A billion here, a billion there, it winds up being real money," Blitzer told Sen. Jim DeMint (R-S.C.) on Thursday's The Situation Room. Blitzer had already pushed House Majority Whip Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) to consider tax hikes in a fiscal cliff deal.
[Video below. Audio here.]
"It's incredible to me we're even talking about it because it doesn't solve a problem," DeMint scoffed at the Democratic plan. Blitzer interviewed DeMint hours after the Senator announced his resignation and move to become president of the Heritage Foundation.
"Doesn't solve, but it's a beginning," Blitzer answered. DeMint noted that "It runs the government for five or six days."
Earlier, Blitzer grilled DeMint over his vote against the UN disabilities treaty. He played a clip of House Minority Leader Pelosi accusing the treaty opponents of slapping "the face of our veterans, of people with disabilities, of families with children with disabilities."
A transcript of the segment, which aired on December 6 on The Situation Room at 4:37 p.m. EST, is as follows:
WOLF BLITZER: Should there be a compromise in order to avoid going over the fiscal cliff? John Boehner's already ready for $800 billion in increased tax revenue, not necessarily raising the marginal tax rate on the wealthy, but capping deductions, limiting loopholes. Are you with the Speaker of the House on that?
Sen. JIM DEMINT (R-S.C.): Unfortunately, Wolf, the policies of President Obama have already taken us over the cliff. If you meet with businesses like I do all the time, they've already pared back their plans and their hiring for next year, anticipating what's going to happen. So we can fix this Christmas Eve if we want, but we've already hurt the economy and hurt job growth.
BLITZER: Are you with Boehner?
DEMINT: I'm not with Boehner. Because this government doesn't need any more money. This country needs less government. We're going to have historic levels of revenue to the government this year. But we've doubled spending in the last ten years –
BLITZER: Everyone's taxes are going up at the end of the year if there's no deal.
DEMINT: Well, we have already offered to extend current tax rates. That's what we should have done six months ago until we could come to some agreement, some compromise on tax reform.
BLITZER: But when you say compromise, where are you ready to compromise as far as taxes are concerned?
DEMINT: How we go about tax reform, there's a lot of room to work together to lower the rates.
BLITZER: Give me an example.
DEMINT: I'm not sure where the Democrats are because they have not offered a plan.
BLITZER: Their plan is to keep the tax rates, the Bush tax rates from 2001, 2003, forever. Make them permanent. The top two percent, let them go from 35 percent to 39.6 percent, which is what it was during the Clinton administration.
DEMINT: It's incredible to me we're even talking about it because it doesn't solve a problem.
BLITZER: Doesn't solve, but it's a beginning.
DEMINT: It runs the government for five or six days.
BLITZER: But it's a beginning. A billion here, a billion there, it winds up being real money.
DEMINT: The President has known about this so-called cliff for over a year and has yet to present a plan that's comprehensive that actually reduces our deficit. So I'm willing to work with anyone who is willing to put a plan on the table, but our party or anyone should not sit down and negotiate with someone who had not put a plan on the table. And the President has not put a serious plan on the table.
BLITZER: So Ed, I want you to weigh in, because we're running out of time. But as far as a compromise on the marginal tax rate, 35 percent going up let's say 36 percent or 37 percent, is that acceptable?
FEULNER: No. No. Because marginal tax rate increases if there is any increase in revenue, it just gives them more to play with over on Capitol Hill and more to spend. When we talk about fairness, when the top two percent, the $250,000 and above are already paying 45 percent of total income tax, that's a big question of fairness there too.
-- Matt Hadro is a News Analyst at the Media Research Center


text:
Scientists writing in the current issue of the Lancet report that study participants who visited fast food restaurants twice a week or more gained 10 more pounds and experienced double the increase in insulin resistance compared to subjects who indulged less than once a week. "While there have been many discussions about fast food's effects on obesity, this appears to be the first scientific, comprehensive long-term study to show a strong connection between fast-food consumption, obesity, and risk for type 2 diabetes," comments study co-author Mark Pereira of the University of Minnesota.
Pereira and colleague David Ludwig of the Childrens Hospital Boston followed 3,031 African-American and white young adults ages 18 to 30 at the start of the study for 15 years, monitoring their fast-food habits, weight and insulin resistance. Taking into account television viewing, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking and other lifestyle factors, the team determined that increases in body weight and insulin resistance from fast-food intake seemed to be largely independent of those factors.


text:
In Defense of Design Thinking, Which Is Terrible + Subtraction.com
Our insular discourse, the way we've jealously protected the language and tools of design, the way we've focused so much on the "genius designer"… these behaviors have all worked against our own interests.
Khoi on design thinking and the democratisation of design.
Any embrace of design by non-designers is a good thing, and design thinking qualifies here. The reason for this is that when that happens, it means our language, the vocabulary of design, is broadening to the rest of the world.


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About those girls who have to become sex workers for sex starved Indians!
Palash Biswas
Capital punishment has never been enough to stop attacks on humanity and the women have to become the softest targets in a patriarchal society which we sustain with everything on stake including humanity itself.Despite moral policing!
Indians are sex starved and sex is taboo in India.
Despite moral policing we ,the Indians from grass root level to the highest places seek an opportunity to exploit at least one woman and reduce the institution of marriage into licensed prostitution as we are quiet habitual to treat woman,the fair sex as sex slave or sex toy.It is apartheid most brute!
Recently,mainstream media published an eyeopening sex survey which exposed our ethical moral hypocricy!
Today,Bengali Daialy Ei Samay published a flagger on front page about those girls who have no survival kit in Indian tea gardens which witness death procession all the time.A young lady reports from ground zero in a tea garden Birpara where the girls have to feed their families and they have only capital,their bodies on sale!
The icons of Indian renaissance,had been also slave traders and had stakes in london stock exchange.
They also ejected out tribal men and women to get them as bonded slaves in tea gardens.
Thus,tribals from Jharkhand and central India scattered countrywide as the transfer of power to the Manusmriti hegemony scattered us,the Bengali Hindu refugees worldwide ejecting out us out of history,geography and humanity.
Ten thousand refugee children have been told to be lost in Europe only after humanity was stumbled to see the dead body of Iylan on seacoast.
It is the plight of humanity on this good earth inflicted with intensive oil war and man made calamities defined as economic reforms!It is open market!It is failed Trump card as well as failed Hindutva all the way and humanity suffers.
Very recently,we have been witnessing the agents loitering in and around Nepal,devastated by massive earthquake and they had been engaged in recruitment for brothels worldwide.
The Free Market has transformed this good earth into an eternal brothel and our empowered women are not safe at home,in public places or workplaces as patriarchal society is armed with plastic money to buy everything all on humanitarian ground!
For last five years,my office is shifted to Mumbai Road from Central Kolkata and I seldom see the injured face of the city of joy,Tilottama unless the traffic drives me into Kolkata via Howrah.
But I have been witnessing the bleeding soul of humanity right into the heart of Kolkata,every night,late in the night returning from my office along with Central avenue in Sonagachhi.
Now Sonagachhi is exploding all the way as we have read in so many works of literature!
Sonagachhi has no borer whatsoever and prostitution,better say it sex work is full bloom industry for investment starving PPP model of development.
As The members of the world's oldest profession have been portrayed in many ways through fictional literature over the centuries, including the temptress, the fallen woman, the hooker with a heart of gold and the tragic victim.
The Greeks, the Romans, the Elizabethans and the Victorians were particularly fascinated by prostitutes although modern novelists keep returning to prostitution themes again and again. Our selection has tried to steer clear of erotica (although John Cleland's Fanny Hill can be considered an early example of pornography in English prose) and the countless pulp paperbacks from the 1950s and 1960s that feature hookers. This list includes the likes of Emile Zola, Charles Dickens, Jack Kerouac, Mario Llosa Vargas, William T. Vollmann and Paulo Coelho.
Working girls often appear as supporting characters – such as Lorena Wood in Lonesome Dove, Bianca in Othello, Sandy and Candy from One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Belle Watling in Gone With the Wind - but many writers have used a prostitute as their central character and attempted to provide an insight into sex and life on the Game.
Courtesans, streetwalkers, call-girls, escorts, hookers, madams, fallen women, scarlet women and ladies of the night – call them what you will, but prostitutes are continue to be a reoccurring theme in literature.
It is the eternal saga unbound.
25 Prostitute-Themed Novels
The Bitter Orange Tree
Istrati Panait
A hard-to-find novel from 1931, this love triangle features two men and a prostitute.
Fanny Hill
John Cleland
This infamous novel about an 18th century prostitute is also known as Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure.
Man and Wife
Beth Brown
A risqué thriller (the mob, detectives etc) from 1933 later reprinted as The Profession of Marie Simon.
Last Nights of Paris
Philippe Soupault
Published in English 1929, a prostitute struggles to save Paris. Soupault was an early surrealist.
Emile Zola
From 1880, Nana goes from street girl to high-class hooker. Things go badly for the men who pursue her.
To Beg I Am Ashamed
Sheila Cousins
Supposed co-written by Graham Greene, this is a fictitious 'autobiography' of a London prostitute.
The Mistress
George C. Foster
This Jazz Age novel from 1930 illustrates how thoughts on sexuality were changing.
Last Exit to Brooklyn
Hubert Selby Jr
This controversial novel from 1964 features two prostitutes - Georgette, a transvestite, and Tralala.
Oliver Twist
Charles Dickens
Nancy, Sikes' girlfriend, is a key character in his unromantic portrayal of Victorian crime and poverty.
Jack Kerouac
A novella from 1960, set in Mexico, about a drug addicted impoverished prostitute.
My Little Sister
Elizabeth Robins
Published in 1913, this scarce novel addresses prostitution and white slavery in London.
Gracia - a Social Tragedy
Frank Everett Plummer
Published in 1900 by radical publisher Charles H. Kerr, this is a tale of fallen women, told entirely in verse.
Boule de suif
Guy de Maupassant
The inspiration for John Ford's Stagecoach movie - prostitute Boule de Suif and others flee to Le Havre.
Yama: The Pit A Novel in Three Parts
Alexandre Kuprin
A Russian novel translated into English in 1929 – a powerful epic about prostitution in Russia.
In the Company of the Courtesan
Sarah Dunant
Set in 1527, a famed courtesan Fiammetta Bianchini takes her business from Rome to Venice.
The Blue Note Book
James A. Levine
Levine's debut novel from 2000, an Indian girl is sold into the sex trade at the age of nine.
The Green House
Mario Vargas Llosa
The Peruvian author's second novel, translated in 1968, about a brothel on the edge of town.
Whores for Gloria
William T. Vollmann
Published in 1991, a Vietnam vet searches for a beautiful street prostitute who may or may not exist.
Eleven Minutes
Paulo Coelho
A young Brazilian girl travels to Switzerland and joins a brothel, and then meets a painter.
My Dirty Little Book of Stolen Time
Liz Jensen
A time-travelling whore? A 19th century Copenhagen prostitute goes to 21st century London.
Hundred Dollar Baby
Robert B. Parker
A Spenser mystery from 2006 - the Boston private eye is asked to help a call-girl.
The Dress Lodger
Sheri Holman
A novel set in 1831 Sunderland in a cholera epidemic - Gustine turns to the Game in desperation.
The Crimson Petal and the White
Michel Faber
Sugar is a 19-year-old working in a brothel, who yearns for a better life in Victorian London.
Let the Great World Spin
Colum McCann
McCann's novel from 2009 features the trial of a New York City prostitute.
Anonymous (Jonathan Gash)
Supposed be a memoir from a London prostitute but it is really Gash's debut novel. Gash was a doctor.


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Osmosis in colloidal suspensions
(PhysOrg.com) -- It is very difficult to overestimate the importance of colloidal suspensions. Besides being an integral part of our everyday life (food, cosmetics, drugs), they also serve as an excellent model system for basic science.
Studies of monomodal (a single, well-defined size distribution) colloidal suspensions have helped us to understand a wide range of phenomena, such as glass transitions, relaxation in amorphous media, and hydrodynamic interactions at the nanoscale to name a few. A well-established knowledge of monomodal suspensions has provided the impetus to shift our attention toward more complex mixtures of particles with two distinct size distributions, bimodal suspensions. From skimmed milk to volcanic ashes, nature provides us with numerous examples of bimodal systems.
Gaining insight into the mechanism governing the structure and the dynamics of bimodal mixtures would be valuable for fundamental understanding as well as for industrial applications. Utilizing the bright, coherent x-ray photons at X-ray Science Division beamline 8-ID at the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, scientists have gained a clearer picture of the relationship between the composition and the equilibrium dynamics in highly asymmetric bimodal colloidal suspensions.
It has been theoretically predicted and experimentally verified that a large mismatch in the particle dimensions in bimodal suspensions may result in an attractive force between the large constituents, referred to as the depletion interaction. The strength of such an interaction is determined mainly by the ratio of the particle sizes, their relative concentration, and the volume fraction of the colloidal particles. As a consequence, the structure of bimodal mixtures is a complex function of its composition.
A significant amount of theoretical and experimental work has been devoted to understanding the link between the composition and structure in bimodal systems. Along with the structure, the dynamics of the suspended particles is expected to be very sensitive to the composition. To date, there is very little understanding of the equilibrium dynamics of bimodal mixtures.
Studies devoted to dynamic relaxation in colloidal gels have shown that adding even a very small amount of small particles to a large sphere matrix strongly affects its temporal and spatial dynamical heterogeneity. To what extent the equilibrium dynamics in ergodic suspensions are affected by the substitution of the host particle matrix with particles of very different dimensions is still an open question.
Using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, a well-established tool to study nanoscale dynamics, the researchers studied a series of hard-sphere bimodal suspensions with a size ratio of 5. Analysis of the time evolution of the interference pattern, called speckles, formed by the coherent superposition of the x-ray photons scattered from the probed sample, yielded insight onto the dynamics at nanometer length scales matching the interparticle separation distances. By systematically changing the relative content of the large and the small spheres, the researchers were able to tune the strength of the attractive interaction between the large particles to reveal the sensitivity of the dynamics in bimodal suspensions to subtle variations in this parameter.
A physical picture based on a complete de-mixing of the constituent spheres into monomodal domains was proposed to explain the presence of multiple dynamic time scales. According to this picture, the mobility of the particles within such domains is governed by the strength of the osmotic pressure exerted by the small spheres on the large sphere domains.
The proposed model successfully links the observed distribution of dynamical time scales to the structural spatial heterogeneity.
Changes in the relative content of both species were found to affect the dynamics in the large and small sphere domains in different ways. Interestingly, the diffusion of the small spheres was found to be independent of the composition. On the contrary, as the content of the large spheres increases, the dynamical time scales of the large spheres spans more than a decade in time, reflecting the transition from a co-operative motion of the entire aggregate to the diffusion of a single particle within the large domains.
More information: M. Sikorski, et al., Depletion-Induced Structure and Dynamics in Bimodal Colloidal Suspensions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 183301 (2011). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.188301
Provided by Argonne National Laboratory


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With Walmart's coupon policy if your coupon is more than the value of the item, they will allow an overage…which means you can make money using coupons! I have been told not all stores will allow this.
Walmart allows you to price match ads from most stores. You are not required to have the ad, but it is a good idea to have them in case there is a question.


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Surprise! Bosses Value Social Media More Than Employees
Bosses who see social media as a great way to build workplace culture do not have the support of their workers, new research has found. In that research, 41 percent of executives thought that social media was important in building and maintaining workplace culture, but just 21 percent of workers shared their view.
Workers and bosses also differed on the uses of social media in several other areas. Namely, they disagreed on whether social media had a positive effect on workplace culture and if it increased management transparency. In both cases, managers had a more favorable opinion of the possibilities of social media than workers.
"Our research suggests executives are possibly using social media as a crutch in building workplace culture and appearing accessible to employees," said Punit Renjen, chairman of Deloitte LLP, which commissioned the survey. "While business leaders should recognize how people communicate today, particularly Millennials, they must keep in mind the limits of these technologies. The norms for cultivating culture have not changed, and require managers to build trust through face-to-face meetings, live phone calls and personal messages."
Compounding the culture problem is the fact that workers and executives ranked different things as being most important factor in building culture. Managers ranked competitive compensation and financial performance as the top factors that influenced culture at work. Workers, on the other hand, felt that regular communication and accessibility to managers and management were most important to building culture within an organization.
[Corporate Culture is Secret Sauce of Innovation Leadership]
"Leaders who understand the importance of the intangible elements contributing to workplace culture become sensitive to what makes their organization truly special," Renjen said. "That is how they define core values and beliefs that are unique, simple, leader-led, repetitive and embedded — transforming themselves from good to exceptional."
Organizations can improve their culture by focusing more on intangible values such as communication and accessibility to management. The moves are well worth it for organizations. The research found that workers who say their organization has a strong culture are happier at work and feel more valued at their company. Both those factors can in turn ensure optimal performance by employees and keep employees loyal to an organization.
"Leadership changes and evolving marketplace conditions can significantly impact business strategy," Renjen said. "To be an exceptional organization in today's business climate, organizations must articulate, invest in, and nurture workplace culture now more than ever. If properly supported, it will transcend any environmental shifts, and serve as the foundation for organizational sustainability and growth."
This research was based on a survey of 1,005 employees and 303 executives, and was conducted by Harris Interactive for Deloitte.
Follow David Mielach on Twitter @D_M89 or BusinessNewsDaily @bndarticles. We're also on Facebook & Google+.
- 7 Unexpected Ways Facebook Is Good for You
- 8 Ways Your Job May be Killing You
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Copyright 2012 BusinessNewsDaily, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Just A Band – The 50 Pound Note Rock Mix
(Original upload date 24 December 2007)
DOWNLOAD (97.2 MB, 192kbps, 1:10:39)
Thou Shalt Always Kill (Knifehandchop Remix) by Dan Le Sac vs. Scroobius Pip
Killing In The Name Of (SebastiAn) by Rage Against The Machine
Immigrant Song (Dirty Funker Remix) by Led Zeppelin
Lithium (Dirty Funker Remix) by Nirvana
All These Things That I've Done (Pink Noise Mix) by The Killers
Proper Education (Pig & Dan Remix) by Eric Prydz vs. Pink Floyd
Welcome To The Machine (Dirty Funker Remix) by Pink Floyd
The Walk (Infusion 12″ Remix) by The Cure
Should I Stay Or Should I Go (white label) by The Clash
Blue Orchid (Dirty Funker's Blue Mix) by The White Stripes
Bigmouth Strikes Again (FakeID Mix) by The Smiths
No Love Lost (Joy Division cover) by LCD Soundsystem
Thou shalt not put musicians and recording artists on ridiculous pedestals no matter how great they are or were.
The Beatles – Were just a band.
Led Zeppelin – Just a band.
The Beach Boys – Just a band.
The Sex Pistols – Just a band.
The Clash – Just a band.
Crass – Just a band.
Minor Threat – Just a band.
The Cure – Were just a band.
The Smiths – Just a band.
Nirvana – Just a band.
The Pixies – Just a band.
Oasis – Just a band.
Radiohead – They're just a band.
Bloc Party – Just a band.
The Arctic Monkeys – Just a band.
The next big thing – Just a band!
– Dan Le Sac vs. Scroobius Pip


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Experts say recovering stolen Boston artworks is likely
BOSTON (AP) – Now that authorities believe they know who stole $500 million worth of art from Boston's Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in the largest art heist in U.S. history, what are the chances they'll actually recover the stolen works by Rembrandt, Vermeer and Manet after 23 years?
Surprisingly good, art recovery experts say.
Christopher Marinello, general counsel for The Art Loss Register, a London-based organization that keeps a database of stolen and missing artwork, recently recovered a Matisse oil painting stolen from a Stockholm museum in 1987.
"A quarter of a century is not that unusual for stolen paintings to be returned," Marinello said. "Eventually they will resurface. Somebody will rat somebody else out. It's really only a matter of time."
The FBI announced Monday that it knows but is not disclosing the identities of two men who posed as police officers and stole 13 works of art from the museum in 1990. The theft remains the largest art heist in U.S. history.
Bob Wittman, a retired FBI agent from Philadelphia who specialized in art crimes, said he helped recover a set of seven Norman Rockwell paintings stolen from a Minneapolis museum in 1977. The paintings were found in Rio de Janeiro in 2001. Wittman said he also helped recover an original copy of the Bill of Rights that had been stolen more than 130 years earlier.
"I think that the chances are that if they still exist, there's a 95 percent chance they are going to get the paintings back," Wittman said.
"At some point, they are going to come back to market. Whoever is holding them illicitly is going to get old. An heir or a child is going to find it and try to sell it."
The FBI, which made its announcement on the 23rd anniversary of the heist, also launched a new publicity campaign aimed at generating tips on the whereabouts of the artwork, including a dedicated FBI website on the heist, video postings on FBI social media sites and digital billboards in Connecticut and Philadelphia. They also re-emphasized a $5 million reward being offered by the museum for information leading to the return of the artwork.
Damon Katz, a spokesman for the FBI's Boston office, said tips were already coming in Tuesday. He would not say how many.
"We are analyzing them and we will act on those as appropriate," he said. "The goal is not to generate the largest number of tips, but to generate the best tips that will lead us to the art."
Richard DesLauriers, an FBI agent in Boston, said investigators believe the thieves belonged to a criminal organization based in New England and the mid-Atlantic states. They believe the art was taken to Connecticut and the Philadelphia region in the years after the theft and offered for sale in Philadelphia a decade ago. After that, the FBI does not know what happened to the artwork, DeLauriers said.
Empty frames still hang on the walls of the museum as a reminder of the loss of precious works of art, including The Concert by Johannes Vermeer and several Rembrandts, A Lady and Gentleman in Black and Storm on the Sea of Galilee, his only seascape.
The statute of limitations has expired on crimes associated with the actual theft. But prosecutors say anyone who knowingly possesses or conceals the stolen art could still face charges.
Copyright 2013 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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POUGHKEEPSIE, N.Y. – Dave Coley scored seven of his 13 points in the final three and a half minutes for Stony Brook, and Marist missed a pair of 3-pointers in the final 10 seconds as the Seawolves pulled out a 60-57, season-opening victory Friday night.
Coley hit a pair of free throws to leapfrog Stony Brook to a 53-52 lead with 3:25 to play, and later hit a 3-pointer to extend that advantage. Then, with the Seawolves clinging to a 58-57 advantage with 22 seconds left, Coley hit two more free throws to make it a three-point game.
Coley also pulled down six rebounds.
Tommy Brenton recorded a double-double with 12 points and 11 rebounds, and also handed out a team-high five assists. Anthony Jackson also had 13 points.
Jay Bowie paced the Red Foxes with 16 points, while Adam Kemp posted a double-double with 12 points and 12 boards.


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Best Florist shop in Philippines - Fnpgifts.ph. One can easily send flowers, gifts and cakes online anywhere in Philippines. Fnpgifts.ph. is a renowned brand name which has been delivering smiles across the country for a very long time. We provide Free Shipping, Same day and Midnight home delivery.
Send best gifts for boyfriend, girlfriend, husband, wife, boys and girls online.
We have got the best selection of flowers and gifts online for every occasion.
Visit Us: http://www.fnpgifts.ph


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1 General Information
1.1 Objective and Responsibility
1. This Data Privacy Statement is to inform you about the nature, scope and purpose of the processing of personal data related to our online service and the related websites, features and contents (hereinafter collectively referred to as "online service" or "website").
2. The online service is provided by HEMA Maschinen- und Apparateschutz GmbH (Am Klinggraben 2, 63500 Seligenstadt) - hereinafter referred to as "provider", "we" or "us" - who is also legally responsible under the data protection law.
3. Our online service is hosted by Mittwald (Mittwald CM Service GmbH & Co. KG, Königsberger Straße 4-6, 32339 Espelkamp).
4. You can reach out to our Data Protection Officers Philipp Sendelnbach and Alexander Schmid under the E-Mail address email@example.com.
5. The term "user" encompasses all customers, interested people, employees and visitors of our online service.
1.2 Legal Bases
We collect and process personal data based on the following legal grounds:
a. Consent in accordance with Article 6 paragraph 1 (a) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Consent meaning any freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous indication of agreement, which could be in the form of a statement or any other unambiguous confirmatory act, given by the data's subject consenting to the processing of personal data relating to him or her.
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The personal data of the data subject will be erased or blocked as soon as the purpose of the storage is inapplicable. Storage of data beyond that may occur if such storage is required by the European or national legislator in EU regulations, laws or other regulations to which the controller is subject. Blocking or erasure of data also takes place when a retention period mandated by the standards mentioned expires, unless the continued storage of data is required for the conclusion of a contract or the fulfilment of contractual obligations.
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2 Concrete Data Processing
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2. Google Analytics uses "cookies", which are text files placed on your computer, to help the website analyze how users use the site. The information generated by the cookie about your use of this website is usually transferred to a Google server and stored there. However, if IP anonymisation is activated on this website, Google will reduce your IP address within Member States of the European Union or in other states party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area beforehand. Only in exceptional cases will the full IP address be transmitted to a Google server and shortened there. On behalf of the operator of this website, Google will use this information to evaluate your use of the website, to compile reports on website activity and to provide the website operator with other services relating to website and Internet use. The IP address transmitted by your browser in the context of Google Analytics is not merged with other Google data. You may refuse the use of cookies by selecting the appropriate settings on your browser, however please note that if you do this you may not be able to use the full functionality of this website. You can also prevent Google from collecting the data generated by the cookie and relating to your use of the website (including your IP address) and from processing this data by Google by downloading and installing the browser plug-in available at http://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout?hl=en.
3. Furthermore, you have the possibility to prevent future collection of your data when visiting this website by using the following opt-out cookie: Deactivate Google Analytics.
2.4 Career
1. You will find our current vacancies in the Career section.
2. Contact us via the mailto function of your device. An e-mail will be sent from your local e-mail client to our responsible employee (email@example.com).
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4. You can revoke the use of your personal data at any time free of charge with effect for the future.
3 Cookie Policy
3.1 General Information
1. Cookies are information transmitted by our web server or third-party web servers to the users' web browsers where they are stored for later retrieval. Cookies can be in the form of small files or any other types of information storage.
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You may object to the use of cookies that are used for measuring the range of coverage and promotional purposes via
a. deactivation page of the Network Advertising Initiative: http://optout.networkadvertising.org/
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4 Changes to the Data Privacy Policy
1. We reserve the right to change this Data Privacy Policy with regards to the data processing, in order to adapt it to changed legal situations, to changes of the online service or of the data processing.
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3. Users are requested to keep themselves informed about the content of this Data Privacy Policy on a regular basis.
Version: 22.02.2020


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A California appellate court has ruled that cities cannot use nuisance ordinances to ban medical marijuana dispensaries.
In its ruling, the three-judge panel said Wednesday that nonprofit collectives can only dispense marijuana from where it's cultivated and cannot be brought from somewhere else and dispensed at a store.
The decision adds further to the confusion about how municipalities should regulate clinics protected under state law.
The law has enabled law enforcement officers to raid several medical marijuana dispensaries in San Diego. Last month, federal officials raided and closed down several dispensaries.
After one raid on Clairemont Mesa Blvd., Special Agent Amy Roderick said more raids would be coming in the following weeks.
"We will eventually close every single one down in San Diego County," she told NBC San Diego in February.
State law "requires that any collective or cooperative activity involving quantities of marijuana exceeding a patient's personal medical need must be tied to the cultivation site," the judges wrote.
The ruling is the latest in a string of cases that attempts to interpret the state's medical marijuana law and provide guidance for cities and counties that are trying to curtail pot shops.
A Los Angeles-based appellate court last year struck down Long Beach's attempt to license pot stores, ruling the local ordinance conflicted with federal law. And another appellate court upheld Riverside's right to close and prohibit dispensaries despite the state's medical marijuana law.
Given the various rulings at the appellate level, the California Supreme Court will review the cases, possibly later this year, to determine how municipalities should handle dispensaries.
Recognizing the ongoing debate over medical marijuana, the Fourth District judges said they realize their decision might disappoint those on opposing sides.
"We emphasize that these are policy outcomes outside our power to reach or grant because we are constrained by the voters' and the legislature's enactments," the panel wrote.
The ruling also comes amid a stronger enforcement by the federal government to harness pot clinics in California. While pot remains illegal under federal law, California became the first state to legalize marijuana for medical use in 1996.
Earlier this week, the U.S. attorney's office in Los Angeles mailed about 50 letters to dispensaries to three cities in San Bernardino County, ordering them to close or face possible criminal charges and fines. About 140 dispensaries in more than 20 Southern California cities have been told to shut down since October when federal authorities began their statewide effort.
Meanwhile, a judge in Sacramento this week dismissed a lawsuit that challenged the crackdown. U.S. District Judge Garland Burrell rejected an argument by a collective that the Obama administration had reneged on a promise to let states set their own medical marijuana policies.
A lawyer for the collective said it plans to appeal.