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Allergies, Respiratory
• Allergic Conjunctivitis, Allergic Pharyngitis, Allergic Rhinitis, Allergic Sinusitis, Hay Fever, Pollen Allergy, Seasonal Allergy
• ]]>Butterbur]]>, ]]>Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)]]>
• ]]>Acupuncture]]>, ]]>Adrenal Extract]]>, ]]>Antioxidants]]>, ]]>Ayurvedic Medicine]]>, ]]>Bacopa Monniera (Brahmi)]]>, ]]>Barberry]]>, ]]>Bee Pollen]]>, ]]>Betaine Hydrochloride]]>, ]]>Cat's Claw]]>, ]]>Coleus forskohlii]]>, ]]>Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)]]>, ]]>Enzyme Potentiated Desensitization (EPD)]]>, ]]>Fish Oil]]>, ]]>GLA (Gamma-linolenic Acid)]]>, ]]>Hops]]>, ]]>Hypnosis]]>, ]]>MSM]]>, ]]>Nettle Leaf]]>, ]]>Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs)]]>, Other Flavonoids, including ]]>Citrus Bioflavonoids]]>, ]]>Probiotics]]>, ]]>Quercetin]]>, Rosmarinic Acid/ ]]>Perilla Frutescens]]>, ]]>Royal Jelly]]>, Soy Sauce Extract (Shoyu Polysaccharides), ]]>Spirulina]]>, ]]>Tinospora Cordifolia]]>, ]]>Topical Capsaicin]]>, ]]>Traditional Chinese Medicine]]>, ]]> Vitamin B 6]]>, ]]> Vitamin B 12]]>, ]]>Vitamin C]]>, ]]>Vitamin E]]>
For other types of allergies, see ]]>Asthma]]> and ]]>Eczema]]> .
About 7% of all Americans suffer from hay fever, an allergic condition that can cause runny nose, sneezing, and teary eyes. It is known officially as allergic rhinitis, allergic sinusitis, or allergic ]]>conjunctivitis]]> , depending on whether symptoms manifest mainly in the nose, sinuses, or eyes, respectively. Hay fever usually peaks when particular plants are pollinating or when molds are flourishing. People who suffer from year-round hay fever (perennial rhinitis) may be allergic to persistent allergens in the environment coming from such sources as dust mites, mice, and cockroaches.
Here's how hay fever works. In response to the triggers noted above, an individual prone to allergies develops an exaggerated immune response. Substances known as IgEs flood the nasal passages, white blood cells called eosinophils arrive by the millions and billions, and inflammatory substances such as histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes are released in massive amounts. The overall effect is the familiar one of swelling, dripping, itching, and aching.
The mechanism of allergic response is fairly well understood. Why allergic people react so excessively to innocent bits of pollen, however, remains a complete mystery.
Conventional treatment for hay fever primarily involves nonsedating antihistamines and nasal steroids and is usually quite effective.
Principal Proposed Natural Treatments
The herb butterbur is best known as a promising new treatment for ]]>migraine headaches]]> . However, butterbur may also be helpful for allergic rhinitis.
In a 2-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 186 people with intermittent allergic rhinitis, use of butterbur at a dose of three standardized tablets daily, or one tablet daily, reduced allergy symptoms as compared to placebo. ]]>34]]> Significantly greater benefits were seen in the higher dose group. Such "dose dependency" is taken as a confirming sign that a treatment really works.
In another double-blind study, 330 people were given either butterbur extract (one tablet three times daily), the antihistamine fexofenadine (Allegra), or placebo. ]]>44]]> The results showed that butterbur and fexofenadine were equally effective, and both were more effective than placebo.
A previous 2-week, double-blind study of 125 individuals with hay fever (technically, seasonal allergic rhinitis) compared a standardized butterbur extract against the antihistamine drug cetirizine. ]]>18]]> According to ratings by both doctors and patients, the two treatments proved about equally effective. Unfortunately, this study did not use a placebo group.
Two much smaller studies produced inconsistent results. ]]>27,35]]>
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full ]]>Butterbur]]> article.
An alternative to allergy shots known as ]]>sublingual immunotherapy]]> (SLIT) involves using allergenic substances placed under the tongue. Numerous double-blind, placebo-controlled studies indicate that SLIT can improve all major symptoms of allergic rhinitis when the offending allergens are known. ]]>32,43,48,49,51,63,68,69]]> However, in a 2008 comprehensive review of SLIT for grass pollen and house dust mite allergies, researchers raised questions regarding the quality and consistency of these and other studies. ]]>65]]>
If SLIT is effective, it may require 2-3 years for significant benefit to develop. ]]>54]]> One placebo-controlled study found that 3 years of treatment was more effective than 2 years. ]]>56]]> In addition, to provide benefits for grass allergy season, SLIT must be started at least 8 weeks prior to the onset of the grass allergy season; even longer lead times lead to even better results. ]]>58]]> Putting all this evidence together, it appears that SLIT may work best if used year round, and year-after-year.
One study suggests that SLIT is not only effective for treating allergy, but may be useful in preventing the development of new allergies or mild persistent asthma in children with allergic rhinitis or intermittent asthma. ]]>70]]>
While SLIT is fairly well accepted in conventional medicine, another form of "alternative" allergy shots remains firmly in the alternative medicine field: ]]>enzyme potentiated desensitisation]]> (EPD). This method involves injections of allergens combined with certain enzymes. In one double-blind, placebo-controlled study, EPD failed to prove more helpful than placebo for seasonal allergic rhinitis. ]]>33]]>
Other Proposed Natural Treatments
Several natural products have shown potential benefit for allergic rhinitis in one or more preliminary controlled trials. These include a water-extract of hops]]> , a freeze-dried extract of stinging ]]>nettle]]> , ]]>1]]> various ]]>probiotics]]> , ]]>36,52,57]]> an extract of soy sauce (Shoyu polysaccharides), ]]>37,38]]> the herb ]]>Tinospora cordifolia]]> , ]]>39]]> rosmarinic acid (a substance found in the herb ]]>rosemary]]> , and many other herbs, including ]]>Perilla frutescens]]> ), ]]>28,40]]> and an ]]>Ayurvedic]]> herbal formula containing ]]>Commiphora mukul]]> , ]]>Tinospora cordifolia]]> , Rubia cordifolia , Emblica officinalis , Moringa pterygosperma , and ]]>Glycyrrhiza glabra]]> . ]]>19,22]]>
]]>Traditional Chinese herbal medicine]]> has shown some promise for allergies as well. ]]>23,24,29]]> Another traditional Chinese treatment, ]]>acupuncture]]> , is commonly recommended for allergies, but a controlled trial of 40 people failed to find significantly more benefit with real acupuncture than with fake acupuncture. ]]>30]]> However, another study found benefit with real acupuncture plus real traditional Chinese herbs as opposed to placebo acupuncture and nonspecific Chinese herbs. ]]>41]]> A carefully conducted review of 7 placebo-controlled trials failed to find convincing evidence for acupuncture's effectiveness against allergic rhinitis. ]]>67]]>
One rather unusual study tested a nasal spray containing capsaicin, the "hot" in ]]>cayenne]]> and other hot peppers. ]]>31]]> It's not clear how practical this is—researchers had to use local anesthetic in the nose prior to using the spray!
Highly preliminary evidence suggests ]]>spirulina]]> may counter allergic reactions of the type involved in hay fever. ]]>16,17,66]]>
A sizable (112-participant) double-blind study of ]]>vitamin E]]> at a dose of 800 mg daily for hay fever found modest benefits at best. ]]>42]]> A smaller study failed to find any benefits. ]]>45]]>
A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 40 people tested the supplement ]]>conjugated linoleic acid]]> (CLA) as a treatment for people with allergies to birch pollen and found some evidence of benefit. ]]>62]]>
]]>Vitamin C]]> is often suggested as a treatment for allergies, but the research results are preliminary and somewhat contradictory. ]]>13,14,15]]>
Test tube studies suggest that flavonoids—biologically active compounds found in many plants—may help reduce allergy symptoms. ]]>2-5]]> A particular flavonoid, ]]>quercetin]]> , seems to be one of the most active. ]]>6-11]]> Many texts on natural medicine claim that quercetin works like the drug cromolyn (Intal), by stopping the release of allergenic substances in the body. However, while we have direct evidence that cromolyn is effective, there have not been any published studies in which people were given quercetin and their allergic symptoms decreased. It is a long way from test tube studies to real people.
Tomato extract has been advocated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, but the one double-blind study said to demonstrate benefit actually proves almost nothing at all due to major flaws in its statistical analysis. ]]>55]]>
]]>Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs)]]> from grape seed or pine bark are also often said to be effective. However, an 8-week, double-blind trial of 49 individuals found no benefit from grape seed extract (dose not stated). ]]>12]]>
The last several substances discussed (vitamins E and C, flavonoids, and OPCs) are ]]>antioxidants]]> . One study failed to find evidence of benefit with a mixture of antioxidants: beta-carotene (9 mg/day), vitamin C (1500 mg/day), vitamin E (130 mg/day), zinc (45 mg/day), selenium (76 mg/day), and garlic (150 mg/day). ]]>53]]>
]]>Adrenal extracts]]> , ]]>bee pollen]]> , ]]>Bacopa monniera (brahmi) ]]> , ]]>barberry]]> , ]]> vitamin B 6]]> , ]]> vitamin B 12]]> , ]]>cat's claw]]> , ]]>Coleus forskohlii]]>,]]>methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM)]]> , and ]]>betaine hydrochloride]]> are sometimes recommended for hay fever, but there is as yet no significant evidence that they are effective. A 2009 review of 6 high-quality trials with over 1,000 children found that neither omega-3 nor omega-6 oil consumption prevented allergic diseases in high-risk children. Allergic diseases included eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis or food allergy; and omega-3 and omega-6 sources included ]]>gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)]]> , ]]>fish oil]]>, canola oil, and borage oil.]]>71]]>
It has often been suggested that consumption of ]]>honey]]> can reduce symptoms of hay fever. However, the one published study designed to test this suggestion failed to find benefit. ]]>50]]> Another study failed to find the bee product ]]>royal jelly]]> effective. ]]>59]]>
Acupuncture has also shown some promise for allergic rhinitis. ]]>46]]> In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial enrolling 80 adult subjects, real acupuncture was superior to sham acupuncture after 8 weeks of treatment for symptoms of persistent allergic rhinitis. ]]>64]]>
In one study, ]]>self-hypnosis]]> appeared to provide some benefits. ]]>47]]>
This topic is also discussed in the ]]>Homeopathy]]> database, under the chapter on hay fever.
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35. Gray RD, Haggart K, Lee DK, et al. Effects of butterbur treatment in intermittent allergic rhinitis: a placebo-controlled evaluation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004;93:56-60.
36. Ishida Y, Nakamura F, Kanzato H, et al. Clinical effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus Strain L-92 on perennial allergic rhinitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Dairy Sci. 2005;88:527-533.
37. Kobayashi M, Matsushita H, Shioya I, et al. Quality of life improvement with soy sauce ingredients, Shoyu polysaccharides, in perennial allergic rhinitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Int J Mol Med. 2004;14:885-889.
38. Kobayashi M, Matsushita H, Tsukiyama R, et al. Shoyu polysaccharides from soy sauce improve quality of life for patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Int J Mol Med. 2005;15:463-467.
39. Badar VA, Thawani VR, Wakode PT, et al. Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia in allergic rhinitis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;96:445-449.
40. Osakabe N, Takano H, Sanbongi C, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect of rosmarinic acid (RA); inhibition of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) and its mechanism. Biofactors. 2005;21:127-131.
41. Brinkhaus B, Hummelsberger J, Kohnen R, et al. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Allergy. 2004;59:953-690.
42. Shahar E, Hassoun G, Pollack S. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on the regular treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004;92:654-658.
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44. Treating intermittent allergic rhinitis: a prospective, randomized, placebo and antihistamine-controlled study of Butterbur extract Ze 339. Phytother Res. 2005 Aug 22. [Epub ahead of print]
45. Montano Velazquez BB, Jauregui-Renaud K, Banuelos Arias Adel C, et al. Vitamin E effects on nasal symptoms and serum specific IgE levels in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;96:45-50.
46. Ng DK, Chow PY, Ming SP, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acupuncture for the treatment of childhood persistent allergic rhinitis. Pediatrics. 2004;114:1242-1247.
47. Langewitz W, Izakovic J, Wyler J, et al. Effect of self-hypnosis on hay fever symptoms—a randomised controlled intervention study. Psychother Psychosom. 2005;74:165-172.
48. Penagos M, Compalati E, Tarantini F, et al. Efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;97:141-148.
49. Cox LS, Linnemann DL, Nolte H, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy: a comprehensive review. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117:1021-35.
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Last reviewed September 2009 by EBSCO CAM Medical Review Board]]>
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Cima della Vezzana Climber's Log
Silvia Mazzani - Jul 7, 2019 5:23 am Date Climbed: Jun 1, 2002Cima Vezzana
Climbed the Canalone del Travignolo, then the Normal summit ridge to the top
Lodewijk - Jul 21, 2011 2:36 pm Date Climbed: Jul 4, 2011Too Much snow
After the crowds on Piz Boe en Cristallo we were delighted to be here. On route from Rosetta towards Vezzana we were all alone.Great hiking from Rosetta until Val dei Cantoni. Entering the Val Cantoni we were surprised by the amounts of snow present. Still, we went up trough the snow up to Passo Travignolo. We went a little further up but then decided it was too dangerous due to the amount of snow. We didn't bring crampons so the safest thing for us to do was to turn back. Dark clouds were gathering around Vezzana which helped us to make our descision. Headed back to Col verde. I have to come back soon to finish my Vezzana-goal. But still, it was one of my favourite routes of the Dolomites! It's great a prominent peak like this is still so quiet.
damgaard - Feb 26, 2009 3:09 am Date Climbed: Jul 22, 2008Via Ferrata Bolver Lugli
Climbed the Bolver Lugli via ferrate route up. Super route, my favorite in the Dolomites so far!. Continued to Vezzana and then had to make a fast return to catch the last cable car down.
andrea.it - Sep 10, 2007 3:45 pm Date Climbed: Sep 7, 2007Ferrata
Route from ferrata Bolver accros Biv Fiamma Gialle
Lupino - Nov 3, 2005 2:48 pmRoute Climbed: From Rosetta hut Date Climbed: End of July 2004
Partly cloudy. Ascent following the trail through Passo Bettega, Travignolo and then to the summit. A lot of snow fields, even if at the end of July. Descent by the Ferrata Gabitta d'Ignoti, Valle Strut (Brunner bivouac) and again to Rosetta hut. A very fast week-end, starting on Saturday early morning from Rome (more than 600 km far), sleeping at Rosetta hut, and coming back to Rome on Sunday evening. Just a little crazy but "semel in anno licet insanire".
Mathias Zehring - Oct 26, 2005 4:05 pmRoute Climbed: Boliver Liugi ferrata and normal route Date Climbed: August 20th 2001
a round trip from Rosetta hut; Weather wasn't fine, so I don't have nice pictures

subset: commoncrawl


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DrakeDrake (Jp. Name: Yuji)
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New Delhi, April 24 (IANS) Seeing a huge business opportunity in India's public transport sector, French technology giant Thales is planning to bid for the upcoming metro projects across the country, either independently or in partnership with other firms.
The company, which set up the ticketing system for Delhi metro, is also looking to upgrade the communication and security systems of Indian Railways.
"We are open to all options. Our first preference will be to do it independently. We can do it in partnership with local players also and through joint ventures," said Eric Lenseigne, country head and managing director of Thales' India operations.
"We can also be a part of general consortium bidding for the projects," Lenseigne said in an interview with IANS.
Thales has already won contracts for providing communication based trans-control system for the third phase of the Delhi metro project and for Hyderabad metro.
It will also be providing a train protection warning system for Indian Railways.
Lenseigne said Thales will bid for signalling, ticketing and communication systems of metro and rail projects, competing with players like General Electric, Siemens, Bombardier and Alstom.
Almost Rs. 200,000 crore (two trillion rupees) investment is expected to be made in various metro projects across the country in the coming 10 years.
In February, a panel headed by Sam Pitroda, advisor to the prime minister, in a report to the government suggested investment of Rs.822,671 crore for modernisation of Indian Railways over the next five years. This includes Rs.20,000 crore for upgradation of the signalling system in existing routes and an additional Rs.20,000 crore for installing state-of-the art signalling system for bullet trains.
Lenseigne said the company would aggressively expand in the transport sector in India and was targeting to increase revenue from this segment to at least 50 percent of the total revenue.
"Our major business in India come from the defence sector. But we will be expanding rapidly in the transport segment. Our target is to get at least 50 percent of Indian revenue from the transport segment, as is the case with our global business," he said.
Thales has a significant presence in India's defence sector. Almost 90 percent of the company's $260 million business in India comes from the defence sector.
Thales, which has presence in 56 countries, earned nearly $17 billion revenue in 2011. The company has big presence globally in the defence, security, aerospace and transport segments. Aerospace and transport accounted for 40 percent of its global revenue while the rest came from the defence and security segment.
Lenseigne said the company targets to double the headcount in India in the next four-five years. Thales employs nearly 250 people in India.
He said the company will open new offices, if required. "We want to be local. We will be expanding our operation wherever we get opportunity."
Besides the national capital, it has offices in Mumbai, Kochi, Gwalior, Bangalore, Visakhapatnam, Chennai, Hyderabad and Lucknow.
With over six decades of operations in India, covering both military and civilian space, Thales also has two joint venture agreements with Rolta and Samtel. Besides, it also has a technology company in Chennai to develop software for its global customers.
(Gyanendra Kumar Keshri can be reached at email@example.com)
Read More: Gwalior | Visakhapatnam | N.t.p.c./sector-10 Faridabad | Hyderabad Colony Ndtso | New Hyderabad Po | R.b. Colony Gwalior | Industrial Estate Gwalior | Gwalior R.s. | Gwalior City | Gwalior Residency | Gwalior Fort | Darpan Colony Gwalior | R.k Puri Gwalior | Hyderabad Gpo | State Bank Of Hyderabad | Hyderabad Jubilee Ho | Hyderabad Public School | A.c.company | K.sector | Keshri Mathia


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Internal Gridlock Stalls Federation Giving Reform
Despite promises to overhaul the way American Jews direct their contributions for causes in Israel and overseas, the Jewish Federations of North America is struggling to change the system.
An ambitious reform plan approved last year recently suffered a setback with the resignation of Joanne Moore, the top professional in charge of its implementation. With no agreement yet on a new funding mechanism, the federation system has retreated to its old formula of allocating money, at least for another year.
The reform plan, known as the Global Planning Table, was supposed to resolve difficulties in dividing the millions of dollars raised by Jewish federations across the country between the Jewish Agency for Israel and the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. The two groups have been at loggerheads over their respective shares of a steadily shrinking pie.
The dispute has also highlighted the tensions affecting local federations when it comes to giving for causes outside their communities; strains between recipients in Israel and American contributors, and challenges stemming from the growing reluctance among community members to donate to a general, undesignated cash pool.
In an August 20 letter to members of JFNA's board of trustees, Jerry Silverman, the group's president and CEO, informed lay leaders that Moore, the senior vice president of global planning, had resigned from her position as the chief professional in charge of transforming the federations' allocation system. "We look forward to seeing and supporting the continued success of the Global Planning Table, as we build our community for the 21st century," Silverman wrote.
But insiders in the federation system said the resignation was a result of the difficulty that Moore faced in getting the reform under way. Moore, a successful international aid expert, was brought on board to help JFNA, the umbrella organization representing 157 federations and 400 communities, tackle one of the key problems that has plagued the organization since its inception — the tug of war between JAFI and JDC over their share of the overseas funding budget.
The two organizations, commonly referred to by JFNA as "our historic partners," have traditionally been in charge of channeling dollars raised in federations across the United States and Canada into cost-effective services and programs in Israel, the Former Soviet Union and other Jewish communities in Europe, Africa and Latin America. The money was divided based on a long-established formula that gave JAFI, whose primary tasks were in Israel, 75% of the funds and JDC only 25% for its work on non-Israel goals. Changes throughout the years have put this formula in question as JDC, which had increased its work in Israel and other destinations, argued for a greater share.
After struggling with the problem for more than a decade, JFNA, at its General Assembly last November, adopted the Global Planning Table — a system that was designed to reshape communal overseas giving based on needs, not on rigid historic formulas. Moore was brought into JFNA specifically to implement the GPT, which includes a complex structure of committees.
Numerous federation officials involved in the process, who spoke to the Forward only on condition of anonymity, said Moore quickly learned that turning the GPT into a workable system that would professionally weigh allocations and distribute money based on needs was almost an impossible task. JAFI and JDC, they say, showed no willingness to compromise, and federation representatives participating in the GPT's four committees lacked the willingness or the clout to make tough decisions.
Moore and Silverman declined the Forward's requests for interviews.
JFNA made clear that the GPT is still in place and undergoing assessment after its first year, and that the committees are continuing their work. "We have made great strides," Silverman wrote to his board.
But as this year's deadline neared for allocating overseas funds collected in 2011, it became clear that the new system would not be ready in time. JFNA therefore resorted to the old formula for another year, dividing $182 million of unrestricted funds raised by federations between JAFI and JDC according to the 75:25 rule.
In a statement explaining the need to retreat to the previous allocation formula, the chair of JFNA's board of directors, Kathy Manning, said that "more time is needed in order to complete the effort, and we want to be sensitive to the needs of the Jewish Agency and JDC regarding their own planning and budgeting processes." Manning stated that the GPT was making "solid progress."
This "solid progress," however, will be dealt with by a new set of officials starting in September. JFNA decided, after Moore's departure, to shift responsibility for implementing the new allocation system to the hands of the group's Israel office. The federation's Israel arm has long been unhappy with its representation on the GPT, and the move is viewed as an attempt to address the concerns of Israeli partners that the new process could lead to fewer funds going for programs in Israel.
Meanwhile, Jewish federation funds for overseas causes have been decreasing for years. The growing domestic needs of the federations, which are now struggling to provide services for members hit by the economic downturn, and a growing interest in having direct influence on where their dollars are going have led to the dwindling of dollars known as "core money" — unrestricted funds that are not designated for any specific program. These funds have decreased by more than 20% in the past four years.
JAFI and JDC have, by and large, overcome this shortfall by seeking other funding sources, which have included partnering with the Israeli government. The two groups have also begun conducting their own fundraising, independent of the federations' annual campaign.
Still, the "core" funds are seen as a valuable source of income for both agencies, since they are used for daily operations, emergency projects and programs that don't receive designated donations.
Contact Nathan Guttman at [email protected]


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Maggie's World 004: Accumulating and Collecting
A collection. "The difference between an accumulation and a collection is an index." That's what Don, my late husband, used to say. Given that we were both avid collectors, especially of magazines and anthologies, our files slowly but inevitably grew with the 3" x 5" file cards that identified the contents of those magazines and anthologies. Heck, we had a collection of cards, too, each carefully filed in alphabetical order, color-coded by type.
There grew to be thousands and thousands of them, and one of the first searches we made when we bought a PC in the 1980s was to see whether any program available then could duplicate electronically what Don had produced over the years with a small portable typewriter and stacks and stacks of file cards. Answer then: nope. Answer today: not easily.
Turning "accumulating" into "collecting" has been a challenge for decades. In many ways, though, we have it easy. For example, fire-engine and military-vehicle collectors (yes, they do exist) face greater challenges—though maintaining an index for a fire-truck inventory probably doesn't take as much time as it takes to maintain the information about a large comic book collection. Identifying and storing a variety of children's toys can be a complex challenge compared to the advantages that similar sizes and easy identification bring to comics collecting.
Which, of course, brings me back to the challenges of collecting comic books.
Simple identification is usually easy. Thanks to publishing customs and requirements, most of what we collect is already labeled. A look at the tiny type hiding somewhere in an issue will usually reveal a comic book's title, number, date, publication office, and more.
In fact, that tiny type helped comics fans decades ago reach out to the people who created the comics. And that helped bring together collectors from around the world to form the nucleus of today's universe of creators and fans. But I digress.
Consider the whole indexing thing. When I wanted to find where the first printings of Ray Bradbury's stories in pulp magazines appeared before his name became known to readers of EC comics, I did a fast Google check with little luck. I finally simply pulled my copy of Don B. Day's Index to the Science Fiction Magazines 1926-1950 (Perri Press, 1952, apparently not available online) off my shelf and in less than 60 seconds located the information concerning where two of those classics had been first published.
Comic book readers are luckier when they look for information about the contents of what they collect. The incredible crowd-sourced comics.org is a jaw-dropping research tool, and someone needs to pin some sort of award to it. It's still not quite complete (shame on me; I need to provide index information for its missing issues of Dell's Raggedy Ann + Andy, June 1946-August 1949, some of the best little kids' comics stories of the 1940s), but its content is, nonetheless, staggering.
Living with lists. Collecting can be approached in more than one way; most basic are maintaining a "haves" list and using that to create a "wants" list. Such list making depends, of course, on knowing the details of what it is you're collecting and lacking, to avoid buying things twice. All of which may mean you'll choose to begin with a "haves" list.
In the case of hardcover and paperback books, I'm slowly building an Excel file that lets me locate the books that are already on my shelves. My column names are "Author Last Name/Author First Name/Editor/Title/Format/Notes/Dates/Prices." The "Editor" notation is used for filing anthologies, and I use the last two columns only in cases I find important to note (as when a date would indicate a difference in the material or a seemingly unimportant volume might be worth attention). Ignoring the last two columns, then, I note at random an entry such as this: "Mead/Shepherd/How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying/paperback humor/Will Elder cover."
That Excel file comes in handy in many ways, and it could be a fast way to identify a comics inventory. A few days ago, I was trying to remember a specific reference book I had on vampires and, simply by sorting for the word "vampire," was able to locate Paul Barber's Vampires, Burial, and Death: Folklore and Reality. Then (here's Part 2 of maintaining a collection) I could pull it off the shelf, since I'd filed it in alphabetical order by author. Because—and here's the second family slogan for this column—as my son, Stephen, says, "If you can't find it, you don't have it." Which brings me to—
Filing and storing. This is especially a problem for collectors of books and comics. If your collection consists only of cool original art, you'll probably hang it on the wall. But comics and books—well, it's all about the organization again.
Robert Heinlein numbered his books as he acquired them, then stuck a label with the number on the spine of the book and listed the number and the book in his inventory. He didn't need to rearrange all his shelves every few years, the way I do, as new books overflow the space I've tried to leave for them. So you might consider his approach. Some libraries file fiction alphabetically by author's last name and nonfiction by a number determined by the topic. Don and I used to file all our books by the author's last name, whether they were fiction or nonfiction, but more recently I've been shelving more by the old library arrangement (which is how I was able to locate the Day Index so promptly).
Comics collectors have it pretty soft these days. Decades ago, we began by toting ever-more-bulky lists from shop to shop and show to show. In the earliest days, they were often simply our "have" lists, because we didn't know how many issues had been published of which titles. What started with Bob Overstreet's first compendium of the information he and Jerry Bails had gathered four decades ago (The Comic Book Price Guide 1933-Present) quickly grew to be the indispensable reference for U.S. collectors, thanks to Bob's ongoing updates. Moreover, the field today has the luxury of a number of basic references, each with a different form and function, each providing a data summary the likes of which can be hard to find in most other collecting communities.
In my own comics files, I store issues alphabetically by indicia title (with a few exceptions) and number. And, as for the inventory itself, I use ComicBase software—which also generates labels that include current pricing estimates and notes about the issue. (Each issue is stored in a plastic bag so that I can slap a label on it, and each label means there's one less comic book that has to be opened in an information hunt through what's on the shelf.)
Themes and variations. But maybe you don't want to file your comics my way. Maybe you shelve your comics by publisher. Or by creator. Maybe you're not specifically a book—or comic book—collector. Maybe you're an autograph collector who happens to like a few books and comic books. That can make for a different approach.
I've noted that I file my comics alphabetically by title, then number. But I do try (often unsuccessfully) to keep separate track of the ones that are autographed—always realizing that the folks at Comics Guaranty evaluate such writing as a defect, since there's no way (aside from my statement) to know whether the writing on my (spine-taped) copy of Wow was done by writer Otto Binder (it was) or by some hoaxer with a fountain pen and ballpoint. If I were primarily an autograph collector, though, I might file my autographed collectibles alphabetically by the celebrity's last name. Consider whatever will best serve your own needs.
Next: If (as we used to say, paraphrasing Uncle Wiggily stories) the creek doesn't rise and flood the rutabagas, I'll consider the precautions that may help in case that creek actually does rise. Do you "encase" "in case"? I'll consider bagging, boarding, boxing, and more.
Maggie's World by Maggie Thompson appears the first Tuesday of every month on Toucan!


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Job growth remained tame in September, but a big drop in the unemployment rate sparked a huge debate about what this meant for the economy—and the presidential race.
The US economy created just 114,000 new jobs last month, while the unemployment rate skidded to 7.8 percent, the first time it has been below 8 percent in 44 months.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics' nonfarm payrolls reportpresented a slew of contradictory data points, with the total employment level soaring despite the low net number.
The falling jobless rate had been a function as much of the continued shrinking in the labor force as it was an increase in new positions.
But the government said the total number of workers employed surged by 873,000, the highest one-month jump in 29 years. The total of unemployed people tumbled by 456,000.
The total labor force grew by 418,000, possibly accounting for the relatively modest net level of job growth compared to the total employed. The labor force participation rate, which reflects those working as well as looking for work, edged higher to 63.6 percent but remained around 30-year lows.
"You have to be careful, particularly about components of the household numbers that are highly volatile," said Liz Ann Sonders, chief investment strategist at Charles Schwab in San Francisco. "It's been our view that we would see a slow but consistent improvement in the jobs picture. I'm not sure this changes that view much at all."
Economists were expecting 113,000 more jobs and the rate to rise to 8.2 percent. Last month saw 142,000 new jobs as the rate dropped from 8.3 percent in July.
However, those numbers were revised higher, with the Labor Department putting July's number at 181,000 from the previously reported 141,000 and August up from an originally reported 96,000.
The level of part-time workers reported the largest jump for the month, gaining 582,000.
Jack Welch, the former CEO of General Electric , caused a stir after the numbers were released, tweeting "Unbelievable jobs numbers...these Chicago guys will do anything...can't debate so change numbers."
The administration rejected the charge that it was manipulating data.
"I have the highest regard for our professionals that do the calculations at the" Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Secretary Hilda Solis told CNBC. "They are highly skilled economists, trained in this area."
Still Solis acknowledged that "we still need to do more" in terms of job creation.
The U-6 unemployment number, which accounts for the underemployed and those who have given up looking for jobs, held steady at 14.7 percent.
"With a gain of 114,000 jobs in September and an upward revision for August, this economy remains on a slow but not slowing growth path," said Kathy Bostjancic, director of macroeconomic analysis at The Conference Board. "Right now, slow job and income growth is about all the economy is capable of generating as businesses remain focused on cutting costs."
With President Obamatrying to stave off a challenge from Republican Mitt Romney, the state of the economy remains the critical point. Friday's report underscored how slowly the jobs market is recovering from the depths of the 2008 financial crisis and likely will stoke increased debate amid the halting gains the latest numbers indicate.
While the headline unemployment rate number likely will be something the president touts on the campaign trail, few on Wall Street expected it to be a game-changer relative to the overall jobs picture.
"When you look at the payrolls numbers, they are bumping along where we have been around this 100,000 level, which is not enough to consistently reduce the unemployment rate," said Lee Ferridge, head of macro strategy for North America at State Street Global Markets. "The overall message is one of plodding along. It's OK, it's not disastrous, but it's nowhere near where the Fed wants it to be."
Wall Street reacted positively to the report, with the stock market futuresmodestly higher after the report.
Health care added the most jobs, with 44,000, while transportation and warehousing grew 17,000. Financial services added 13,000 as well and leisure and hospitality, a cornerstone of the job gains for the past two and a half years, rose a more modest 11,000.
The greatest losses came in manufacturing, which fell 16,000.
The closely watched average work week metric edged higher to 34.5 hours while average hourly earnings increased seven cents to $19.81.
Labor's birth-death model, which estimates jobs created and lost through newly opened and closed businesses, impacted the September numbers little, actually showing a decline of 9,000.


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Morien Announces Renewal of Normal Course Issuer Bid
January 31, 2018 – Halifax, Nova Scotia – Morien Resources Corp. ("Morien" or the "Company") (TSX-V:MOX), is pleased to announce that the TSX Venture Exchange ("TSX-V") has accepted the Company's notice of intention to renew its normal course issuer bid ("NCIB") to purchase outstanding common shares of Morien on the open market in accordance with the policies of the TSX-V.
Pursuant to the NCIB, Morien may acquire up to 4,200,000 common shares, representing approximately 10% of the public float of Morien as of January 29, 2018. In the opinion of the board of directors of Morien, its common shares have been trading at prices that do not reflect the underlying value of the Company including its royalty portfolio, its strong financial position and the growth opportunities. Accordingly, Morien believes that purchasing and returning its common shares to treasury at present pricing represents an opportunity to enhance value for its ongoing shareholders. Morien's cash position allows for the implementation of the bid without adversely affecting Morien's other opportunities.
From February 1, 2017 to January 29, 2018, Morien purchased 1,629,000 of its common shares at an average price per share of $0.60 under its most recently expired NCIB.
As of January 29, 2018, the Company had 54,402,614 common shares outstanding. Under TSX-V policies, Morien is entitled to purchase up to 1,088,000 shares in any 30-day period up to the maximum of 4,200,000 shares.
Morien is authorized to make purchases between February 1, 2018 and January 31, 2019, or on such earlier date as the NCIB is complete or is terminated at the option of Morien. The actual number of common shares which will be purchased and the timing of any such purchases will be determined by the Company. All shares purchased by the Company will be on the open market through the facilities of TSX-V by National Bank Financial Inc. acting on behalf of Morien in accordance with the policies of the TSX-V and will be surrendered by the Company to its transfer agent for cancellation. The prices that Morien will pay for any of the common shares purchased will be the market price of the shares at the time of acquisition.
About Morien
Morien is a Canada based, dividend paying, mining development company that holds royalty interests in two, long life, top tier, tidewater-accessed projects. The Donkin Coal Mine commenced production in Q1 2017 and the Black Point Aggregate Project was permitted in Q2 2016 and is progressing toward a development decision. Morien's management team exercises ruthless discipline in managing both the assets and liabilities of the Company. The Company's management and its Board of Directors consider shareholder returns to be paramount over corporate size, number or scale of assets and industry recognition. Morien has 54,402,614 issued and outstanding common shares and a fully diluted position of 56,560,114. Further information is available at www.MorienRes.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
Some of the statements in this news release may constitute "forward-looking information" as defined under applicable securities laws. These statements reflect Morien's current expectations of future revenues and business prospects and opportunities and are based on information currently available to Morien. Morien cautions that actual performance will be affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond its control, and that future events and results may vary substantially from what Morien currently foresees. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include risks and uncertainties described in Morien's annual information form filed with the Canadian Securities regulators on SEDAR (www.sedar.com). Morien cautions that its royalty revenue will be based on production by third party property owners and operators who will be responsible for determining the manner and timing for the properties forming part of Morien's royalty portfolio. These third party owners and operators are also subject to risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted herein including: volatility in financial markets or general economic conditions; capital requirements and the need for additional financing; fluctuations in the rates of exchange for the currencies of Canada and the United States; prices for commodities including gold, coal and aggregate; unanticipated changes in production, mineral reserves and mineral resources, metallurgical recoveries and/or exploration results; changes in regulations and unpredictable political or economic developments; loss of key personnel; labour disputes; and ineffective title to mineral claims or property. There are other business risks and hazards associated with mineral exploration, development and mining. Although Morien believes that the forward-looking information contained herein is based on reasonable assumptions, readers cannot be assured that actual results will be consistent with such statements. Morien expressly disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information in this news release, whether as a result of new information, events or otherwise, except in accordance with applicable securities laws. All dollar values discussed herein are in Canadian dollars. Any financial outlook or future-oriented financial information in this news release, as defined by applicable securities laws, has been approved by management of Morien as of the date of this news release. Such financial outlook or future-oriented financial information is provided for the purpose of providing information about management's current expectations and plans relating to the future. Readers are cautioned that such outlook or information should not be used for purposes other than for which it is disclosed in this news release.
Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
For more information, please contact:
John P.A. Budreski, President and CEO
Phone: (416) 930-0914
Dawson Brisco, P.Geo, VP Corporate Development
Phone: (902) 466-7255


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- 1. Aaron Jehiel Michel Spira:
- 2. Aaron Simeon Spira:
- 3. Aryeh Löb Spira (called also Klein Löb):
- 4. Asher Anshel Spira:
- 5. Benjamin Wolf Spira:
- 6. Benjamin Wolf Spira:
- 7. Benjamin Wolf Spira:
- 8. Elijah Spira:
- 9. Isaac Spira:
- 10. Isaac Spira:
- 11. Isaac Kohen-Spira:
- 12. Isaac ben Nathan Spira:
- 13. Isaac ben Nathan Spira:
- 14. Israel Issachar Spira:
- 15. Israel ben Nathan Spira (known also as Israel ha-Darshan):
- 16. Jacob ben David ha-Kohen Spira:
- 17. Jacob Kohn - Spira:
- 18. Judah Löb Spira (nicknamed Pap):
- 19. Menahem Zion b. Meïr Spira:
- 20. Nathan ben Isaac Spira:
- 21. Nathan Nata Spira:
- 22. Nathan Nata Spira:
- 23. Nathan Nata Spira:
- 24. Nathan Nata Spira:
- 25. Solomon Spira:
Family of scholars and rabbis of Speyer, Rhenish Bavaria, with numerous branches in other parts of Germany, and in Bohemia, Galicia, and Poland. It originally bore the name "Ashkenazi," to distinguish it from the Kahane or Katz-Spira family. Many prominent families of Bohemia added to their names that of "Spiro" or "Spira"; e.g., Frankl-Spiro, Wiener-Spiro, and Porges-Spiro.1. Aaron Jehiel Michel Spira:
Son of Benjamin Wolf Spira (No. 7) and grandson of Jehiel Spira; rabbi of the Meisel Synagogue, Prague.
- Landshuth, 'Ammude ha-'Abodah, p. 12;
- Zunz, Literaturgesch. p. 438;
- Podiebrad-Foges, Alterthümer der Prager Judenstadt, pp. 76, 149, Prague, 1870.
Son of Benjamin Wolf Spira (who died in 1630); rabbi at Frankfort, Lemberg, Brez in Lithuania, Lublin, Cracow, Vienna, Prague (1640), and also rabbi of Bohemia; born 1599; died Dec. 3, 1679, at Prague. He led an ascetic life, and collected many pupils about him. He wrote "Moreh Yeḥezḳiel Ḳaṭon" (Prague, 1695), penitential prayers ("seliḥot") on the sufferings of the Jewish community of Prague when that city was besieged by the Swedes in 1648.3. Aryeh Löb Spira (called also Klein Löb):
Son of Isaac Spira; born 1701; died May 19, 1761, at Wilna, where he was associate rabbi. At the age of seventeen he corresponded with the rabbi of the Karaites at Troki. Aryeh Löb acquired a knowledge of mathematics and Hebrew grammar. He wrote "Naḥalat Ariel" and "Me'on 'Arayot" (Dyhernfurth, 1732), a double commentary on the treatise Soferim.
- Buber, Anshe Shem, p. 118;
- Fuenn, Ḳiryah Ne'emanah, pp. 111 et seq. (contains Spira's epitaph).
Son of Aaron Wolf Spira; died in 1661 at Vienna, in which city he had married the daughter of the wealthy and learned Moses Mirels. He was the ancestor of the Frankl-Spira family.
- Podiebrad-Foges, l.c. p. 149.
Son of Jehiel Spira; died at Prague Oct. 12, 1630. He was for more than thirty years associate rabbi and director of a Talmudic academy in that city. Although universally respected his extraordinary modesty prevented him from accepting the chief rabbinate of Prague; but he took charge of it temporarily from 1629 until his death.6. Benjamin Wolf Spira:
Son of Asher Anshel Spira; died at Prague in 1712. He was educated by his grandfather Aaron Simeon Spira, in that city. He was the father of the parnas Simon Wolf Frankl.7. Benjamin Wolf Spira:
Son of Aaron Simeon Spira; born 1640 at Prague; died there Jan. 11, 1715. He was for twenty years chief rabbi of Bohemia.
- Podiebrad-Foges, l.c. pp. 73, 148 et seq.
Son of Benjamin Wolf Spira; died at Prague April 14, 1712. He was rabbi at Tiktin, and afterward preacher and director of a large Talmudic academy at Prague. He published "Eliyahu Zuṭa," a commentary on that part of Mordecai Jafe's "Lebush" relating to the Shulḥan 'Aruk, Oraḥ Ḥayyim (Prague, 1689, 1701). His valuable work "Eliyahu Rabbah" (Sulzbach, 1757), containing discussions on the Oraḥ Ḥayyim, was printed posthumously by his son, whose name is not given. "Shishah Shiṭṭot," novellæ on six Talmudic treatises, were published by his grandson Elijah b. Wolf Spira (Fürth, 1768). His manuscript works, including commentaries on the Bible and Talmud, as well as sermons, responsa, etc., were destroyed by fire in 1754.
- Eliyahu Rabbah, Preface;
- Fürst, Bibl. Jud. i. 239 (contains many incorrect statements);
- Zunz, Monatstage, p. 19.
Son of Eliezer Spira; died March 16, 1711, at Lemberg. He wrote "Elef ha-Magen" (notes on the four ritual codices), printed by his son Nathan Spira (Zolkiev, 1732).10. Isaac Spira:
Son of Jehiel Michael Spira; died at Prague in 1749. He was rabbi at Lissa, then at Jung-Bunzlau, Bohemia (1704-27), and finally at Prague, and was the teacher and father-in-law of Jonathan Eybeschütz. He wrote novellæ on Talmudic treatises, likewise responsa, etc.; but none of his works has been printed.
- Buber, l.c. p. 118;
- Fuenn, l.c. p. 111.
Son of David Kohen-Spira; died in 1582 at Cracow, where he had officiated as rabbi. He was the father-in-law of Rabbi Meïr Lublin. He had a namesake and contemporary, Isaac Kohen-Spira, who was probably rabbi at Kreminiec, and afterward at Cracow.
- Frankel, Zeitschrift, iii. 386;
- Ha-Karmel, xii. 658;
- J. B. R., Bemerkungen zu I. M. Zunz Ir ha-Zedek, p. 18, Brody, 1878.
Rabbi and scholar of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; born at Grodno; died in Lublin 1623. He was principal of a large yeshibah at Kowlo, whence he went to Cracow and became identified there with the publication of his father's "Imre Shefer." While engaged upon this work he accepted a call as rabbi to Lublin, and the uncompleted work of his father's was taken to Venice, where it was published in 1583 under the title "Bi'urim." On account of the misrepresentations which were circulated in Venice re garding the contents of this work Isaac found himself compelled to forbid its further sale in that city; and in 1586 he issued a new edition in Lublin.
- Fürst, Bibl. Jud. iii. 372;
- Friedberg, Marganita Shappira, pp. 4-6.
Polish merchant; born at Cracow 1624; died there 1649; son of Rabbi Nathan. He was a man of means, and when, in May, 1641, the Jewish community of Cracow was financially embarrassed he voluntarily made it a loan of 800 Polish gulden in gold. When, toward the end of the eighteenth century, his tombstone began to decay, the community showed its gratitude by erecting a new one.
- Wolf, Bibl. Hebr. iv. 1207;
- Fürst, l.c. iii. 372;
- Friedberg, Luḥot Zikkaron, pp. 61-62, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1904.
Son of Nathan Nata Spira (No. 23): died at Worms 1630. He was chairman of the rabbinical college at Pinsk, and later rabbi at Worms. He is mentioned in the responsa (No. 88) of MaHaRaM of Lublin, and in the responsa collection "Ḥuṭ ha-Shani," § 22.
- Friedberg, Luḥot Zikkaron, p. 59;
- Ḳobeẓ 'al Yad, iii. 5, Berlin, 1887;
- Friedberg, l.c. p. 6.
Scholar, rabbi, and preacher of the seventeenth century; died in 1700. While still young he was called to Kalisz in Poland, where he founded a large school which soon became famous. Among his most prominent pupils were Jehiel Michael Segal and Selig Margolioth. Israel was the author of "Bet Yisrael," a commentary on the "Hilkot Sheḥiṭah," of which 201 paragraphs appeared in Berlin in 1726. Appended thereto was a second work. "Bet Pereẓ," a commentary on the treatise Megillah which he wrote in honor of his son-in-law.
- Benjacob, Oẓar ha-Sefarim, p. 74;
- Friedberg, l.c. pp. 7-10.
Rabbi of Neutitschein, Moravia, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; relative of Isaac ben David Spira. He was the author of "Ohel Ya'aḳob," haggadic novellæ (Frankfort - on - the - Oder, 1719). His sons Moses Moeschel and Isaac severally added to it "Liḳḳuṭim" to difficult passages in the Midrash and Yalḳuṭ and novellæ to Yoreh De'ah.
- Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 1257;
- Nepi-Ghirondi, Toledot Gedole Yisrael, p. 187;
- Benjacob, l.c. p. 19;
- Fuenn, Keneset Yisrael, p. 577;
- Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, ii. 3;
- Fürst, l.c. i. 17.
Son of Isaac Spira; lived at Lemberg in the seventeenth century. He was the author of "Be'er Mayim Ḥayyim" (Cracow, 1616), a commentary on the Pentateuch and on Rashi's commentary.
- Buber, l.c. p. 112.
Rabbi of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; officiated probably in Frankfort-on-the-Main. He was the author of "Ha-Rekasim la-Biḳ'ah" (Altona, 1815), containing brief notes on the Bible.
- Steinschneider, l.c. col. 1373;
- Fürst, l.c. iii. 372.
A native probably of Speyer. He wrote in 1430 "Ẓiyyuni" (Cremona, 1560), a cabalistic commentary on the Pentateuch, prefaced by a song for the Sabbath and enumerating the labors forbidden on that day.
- Steinschneider, Cat. Munich, codices 68, 76.;
- Landshuth. l.c. p. 193;
- Zunz, S. P. p. 110;
- idem, Literaturgesch. p. 523.
Cabalist and rabbi of Lublin in the seventeenth century; died in that city 1652; grandson of Nathan Spira of Grodno. He edited and published the Zohar (Lublin, 1623), to which he added a commentary.
- Friedberg, l.c. p. 6.
Son of Selig Spira and grandson of Nathan Nata Spira; died Nov. 13, 1761, at Eibenschütz. He was rabbi in various communities, his last charge being at Eibenschütz, in Moravia, where he officiated only one year, dying in early manhood.
- Dembitzer, Kelilat Yofe, i. 118 (contains Spira's epitaph, in which must be read instead of ).
Son of Reuben David Spira, associate rabbi of Cracow; died at Reggio, Italy, in 1662. He was sent from Jerusalem to Germany and Italy to collect alms. Most of his works are cabalistic in nature, including "Tub ha-Areẓ" (Venice, 1655; Zolkiev, 1781), on the excellencies of the Holy Land, on the holy vessels, etc.; "Yayin ha-Meshummar" (ib. 1660), on "Yayin Nesek"; "Maẓẓot Shimmurim" (ib. 1665), on the mezuzah, ẓiẓit, etc. Azulai saw the manuscripts of his religious discourses and of several of his cabalistic works.
- Azulai, l.c. i. 148;
- De Rossi-Hamberger, Hist. Wörterb. p. 301;
- Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 2051.
Son of Samson Spira; rabbi at Grodno; died 1577. He wrote a supercommentary on the commentaries of Rashi and Elijah Mizraḥi under the title "Imre Shefer," and a commentary on the Pentateuch, published by his son Isaac (Lublin, 1586 [1597]), and at the request of his pupils "Mebo She'arim" (Lublin, n.d.; Jessnitz, 1724), a commentary on Isaac Duran's "Sha'are Durah." The Zohar was edited not by him, as Fürst and others think, but by Nathan b. Isaac Spira (Lublin, 1624). Nathan Nata left two sons: Isaac (No. 12) and Israel Issachar (No. 14).
- David Gans, Ẓemaḥ Dawid, ed. Offenbach, p. 30a;
- Jehiel Heilprin, Seder ha-Dorot, ed. Warsaw, i 248;
- Azulai, l.c. i. 148;
- De Rossi-Hamberger, l.c. p. 301;
- Fuenn, l.c. p. 55;
- Fürst, l.c. iii. 373;
- Zedner, Cat. Hebr. Books Brit. Mus. p. 609.
Son of Solomon Spira and grandson of Nathan Nata Spira (No. 23); born about 1584; died July 20, 1633. In 1617 he was called to the rabbinate of Cracow, where, being well-to-do, he refused to accept a salary. He was gifted with an extraordinary memory, and devoted much time to the study of the Cabala. He wrote a cabalistic commentary on the prayer of Moses in Deut. iii. 24, and two prayers, under the title "Megalleh 'Amuḳḳot" (Cracow, 1637; Fürth, 1691). He published also novellæ to Alfasi's work which were printed with it (Amsterdam, 1720).
- Azulai, l.c. i. 148;
- De Rossi-Hamberger, l.c. p. 301;
- Steinschneider, l.c. col. 2049;
- Zunz, Monatstage, p. 41;
- Zedner, l.c. p. 610;
- I. M. Zunz, 'Ir ha-Ẓedeḳ, pp. 52, 176 (contains Spira's epitaph).
Son of Nathan Nata Spira (No. 24); born in 1616; slain by the Cossacks under Chmielnicki in 1648. He was rabbi of Satanow, and edited, together with his brother Moses, the work "Megalleh 'Amuḳḳot," to which he wrote additions and a preface.
- Fuenn, l.c. p. 66.


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Dear Nate Jackson,
It was with some dismay that I read your piece in Deadspin and immediately tried to wrap my head around why a player with a reasonable grasp of the English language who made no measurable impact upon the game (i.e. you) would stoop so low as to berate a National Football League player who has actually completed a full 16-game season (multiple times!), has broken every team record at his position, and above all has contributed to his team winning games (and occasionally losing them [i.e. myself (I love parenthetical asides)]).
Raise your hand if you got lost at the end of that last sentence.
Let's be honest here. Yes, I am a punter. Yes, I don't run routes, or zone block, or cover receivers. Apparently, though, neither did you, which is the only explanation for your total lack of statistics. You, more than anyone else, should know what goes on during special teams, and yet your description of a special teams practice, while venomously hilarious, is quite inaccurate (or maybe you guys had a really crappy punter and you're spot on, in which case, my condolences).
You talk about me like I'm some kind of disease, like punters are some kind of infection that should be excised for the good of the game and how dare we raise our voices when our betters are talking. According to you, punters should be happy to sit in the corner and be treated like shit because we do something different, something that the other 54 members of the team can't do.
Wait, let's parse that last clause for just a second — "something that the other 54 members of the team can't do." Huh. Would you look at that. Tell me, Nate, how well can you punt a football? What's that you say? You CAN'T punt a football?
Then why in fuck would you think that, just because I can punt, my opinion is somehow less valid?
I freely admit I'm not a receiver, or a lineman, or a DB, or a quarterback, but why should it matter what position I play? Have I not spent 16 years of my life honing my craft (just like you)? Have I not spent countless hours running sprints, lifting weights, trying to stay awake during boring-ass special teams meetings (just like you)? Have I not suited up for a game, gotten my clock cleaned by a blindside block on a punt return, tried and failed to tackle Devin Hester (just like a lot of people)? Tell me, when it comes to breaking down who gets to talk, what's the order? Should linebackers not be able to talk before safeties, or are they allowed to talk after the centers? When does the longsnapper get to chime in? Does the X go before the Z or after?
Please, enlighten me with your wisdom, because the next time I have something to say I'd like to make sure it's OK with you that I say it and that I say it at the proper time.
Oh, wait a minute.
I don't really care what you or anyone else thinks about what I say or when I say it. If I see something greedy, hypocritical, or just plain stupid, I'm going to call out whoever the offending party happens to be. I've done it to the owners; I've done it to the NFL front office; and I'll certainly do it if I see it happen with the players. And make no mistake: trying to hold up the settlement of a CBA affecting almost 1,900 players just so four can get special treatment is pretty much the definition of greed. Whether it was instigated by their attorneys, agents, or whoever, it's still a douchebag move to make.
And you know why it's a douchebag move to make? Because it makes ALL OF US look bad. It makes ALL OF US look like grasping, blackmailing, money-grubbing jerks whose only care is how much blood we can squeeze from the rock that is the fans — you know, the people who ultimately pay all of our wages. And I'm not a fan of that. (Owners, make sure you pay attention, too. Charging outrageous sums for drinks, seats, and seat licenses, while a great moneymaker now, is definitely counterproductive in the long run, especially with the advent of high-def TVs). You know how you grow the football pie? It's definitely not by shitting on the people who spend money on you. Maybe this is a small thing, but small things add up over time.
I'll grant you that Mankins and Jackson got screwed by the CBA situation last year. They're entering the prime of their career and were counting on entering free agency. But at the same time, the franchise tag and restricted free agent tag aren't exactly the kiss of death. One year under the RFA offer would be as much money as a doctor earns in his/her ENTIRE LIFE. What. The. Fuck. You're telling me that having to go one year making "only" as much money as most people will earn their entire lives is such a hardship that you need an extra $10 million payout for putting your name on a lawsuit? I honestly don't know how to respond to that.
Oh wait, yes I do. It's a douchebag move.
Speaking of which, my favorite part of your entire rant is the following: "If it is his goal to slide into a post-punter career as a presumptuous and accusatory football analyst, then he has set himself up quite nicely. ..." Let's replace "punter" with "tight end" and see how that reads. Ooooh, it reads quite nicely. I like it. At least I had the grace to do it in 140 characters or less, not this meandering shitstorm that you felt compelled to vomit out at someone you've never met, don't know the first thing about, and likely might enjoy talking to if we ever met at a bar (someone who has written a meandering shitstorm of his own in rebuttal).
So, Nate Jackson, while I respect your right to free speech (as apparently you don't respect mine), I also respect my right to tell you to go jam a tackling dummy up your ass sideways for being a snake-tongued, shit-talking Internet tough guy asshole who is so far out of touch with reality that you have no idea just how privileged we are to play this game for ridiculous amounts of money.
You're not the only one who can craft a sentence, my friend.
Chris Kluwe
P.S. I respect all four of the people I called douchebags (Manning, Brees, Mankins, and Jackson). That's why I used the word "douchebag" instead of "asshole" or "fuckwit." Someone acting like a douchebag can still be redeemed; generally it's a momentary lapse of judgment. There's no hope for asshole fuckwits.
P.P.S. tl;dr — U mad bro?
EARLIER: Dear Chris Kluwe: When We Want The Punter's Opinion, We'll Ask For It (We Won't)
Chris Kluwe is a punter for the Vikings. Follow him on Twitter, @ChrisWarcraft.


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For all the verbiage and hand wringing sure to arise in the wake of the 2015 Emmy Award nominees' announcement Thursday, Tatiana Maslany's inclusion in the lead actress drama series category is an undeniable case of the Television Academy finally getting it right.
Maslany, a critical darling for her portrayal of multiple clones in the cult BBC America series "Orphan Black" has never received an Emmy nod until now. On a weekly basis Maslany delivers five different characters with such seamless aplomb it's easy to forget you're watching the same actress sharing the screen with herself. If Emmy used a viewer-based voting system, it would be a safe bet Maslany's name would be called when the envelope is opened on September 20.
"Game of Thrones" leads the nominations with 24, including a nod in the outstanding drama series race for which the HBO fantasy series has yet to secure a win. Major snubs in this category went to the biggest show on broadcast "Empire," as well as the excellent "The Americans," while "The Missing" was sadly missing. The finale seasons of "The Newsroom," "Sons of Anarchy" and the always-solid "Justified" were left out in the cold, along with Golden Globe drama series winner "The Affair." And in what appears to have become an annual tradition with the Academy, "The Walking Dead" once again failed to get any serious recognition.
The laughs stopped for viewer favorite "The Big Bang Theory," which found itself sidelined in the outstanding comedy series race. Newcomers "Transparent" and "The Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt" got well-deserved nods, as did the standout finale season of "Parks and Recreation." But the shutout of "Jane the Virgin" – a critical and audience fave – is a glaring omission. Other notable titles not in the running here include "Grace & Frankie" and "Black-ish."
Gina Rodriguez, the lead actress in "Jane the Virgin," has been awarded a Golden Globe and a Peabody Award for her portrayal, but there's no chance of adding an Emmy to that haul. At least not in 2015. Rodriguez didn't make the cut but finds herself in good company alongside Jane Fonda, who was passed over for a nomination in favor of her "Grace & Frankie" costar Lily Tomlin, and though "Kimmy Schmidt" got a series nomination, star Ellie Kemper's name failed to appear in the acting race.
On the plus side it's great to see Amy Schumer's name in contention for lead actress comedy for her work on "Inside Amy Schumer," as well as Lisa Kudrow for "The Comeback."
Funnyman and previous Emmy winner Jim Parsons suffered the same fate as his series "The Big Bang Theory." This omission is particularly baffling when taking in to account Parsons has won the statuette a record-tying four times for his role as the lovably awkward physicist Sheldon Cooper.
U.S. & World
Jeffrey Tambor deservedly enters the race for his lead role in "Transparent," as does Anthony Anderson for "Black-ish," and a surprise, though deserved inclusion is Will Forte for his first season work on "The Last Man on Earth."
The drama acting categories delivered just that, a whole lot of drama: Two-time Emmy nominee Kerry Washington is a shutout for "Scandal," as is two-time Emmy winner Julianna Margulies for her continuing role in "The Good Wife" (which also failed to get a drama series nod). Maslany finally made the cut, along with Viola Davis for "How to Get Away With Murder," and fellow newbie Taraji P. Henson who rightfully joins the list for "Empire."
Though Henson's inclusion was expected, not only did "Empire" fail to make the list in the drama race but series male lead Terrence Howard is non-starter in dramatic acting competition. Not a surprise, Twitter was quick to voice outrage over the snub.
The 67th Emmy Awards, hosted by Andy Samberg, will air live on September 20 on the Fox Network.


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Protesters Accuse Chevron of Human Rights, Environmental Abuse
Houston Chronicle
25 May 2010
A day before Chevron's annual shareholder meeting, about 20 protesters gathered at the company's offices on Smith Street and held a press conference to accuse the oil company of environmental pollution and human rights abuses around the world.
The group, made up of representatives from around the U.S. and countries such as Nigeria, Ecuador, Australia and Kazakhstan, explained how Chevron operations in their communities resulted in pollution, environmental and financial loss, and health issues.
Their stories are included in The True Cost of Chevron, an alternative annual report put together by a coalition of 35 organizations and written by 50 authors from 16 countries and 10 states.
The protesters plan to hold a rally at Chevron headquarters and attend the shareholder meeting tomorrow. A public forum will be held tonight at Rice University from 6 to 8 p.m.
Mariana Jimenez, a 71-year-old from the Sucumbio Province in Ecuador, was at the press conference to represent the people in her community.
"I want to expose these lies to the world, to expose the lies that Chevron tells the shareholders and public about what they've done in Ecuador," Jimenez said. "And to force this company to clean up the Ecuadorian Amazon and to avoid that this catastrophe happens anywhere else, because people need to live with dignity. They need to live in a safe environment and their human rights need to be protected."
As four Houston PD officers and a number of security officers on bicycles looked on, Jimenez and other community leaders spoke of disasters in their communities.
Jimenez described contaminated rivers, animals dying and people suffering from nausea, cancer and tuberculosis.
Elias Mateus Isaac from the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa in Angola talked about his country's seashores being contaminated by oil and its fishing industry being destroyed.
Last week, Angola passed a law to import 90,000 tons of fish from Namibia and South Africa, he said.
"This has never happened before and it shows the impact of Chevron's operations."
Isaac called for Chevron to take measures to stop contaminating the waters and to look for alternative measures for energy.
But while Chevron officials said people have a right to protest if they have legitimate concerns, the company contests the legitimacy of the report.
"We certainly welcome constructive criticism. What you're seeing today and what you'll see tomorrow is not constructive," Morgan Crinklaw, external communications adviser, said. "It's misleading and it's inaccurate. We don't give their report any credibility."
Crinklaw said the information in the company's Corporate Responsibility Report is the accurate portrayal of what Chevron does around the world. He noted that the company adopted a human rights policy in 2009 and will implement it across the company over the next four years.
A Chevron spokesman also pointed out that its Corporate Responsibility Report has been verified by a third party, Lloyd's Register.
"If you look at their report, they say things and then attribute them to Chevron even if they're not Chevron's fault," Crinklaw said.
He used Nigeria as an example. Much of the problem in that country is that pipelines are attacked. The oil then goes into the waterways and the fishermen aren't compensated, because the spill was caused by people sabotaging the pipes, not by the company, Crinklaw said.
"If Chevron ever does have instances where there's a spill, we compensate the fishermen in the area, we clean it up and we make sure we work with them to make sure that they have a sustained livelihood."
A representative from Burma was at the event to accuse Chevron of human rights violations for partnering with the "brutal" military regime for operation security in Myanmar. Chevron press official Lloyd Avram said though the company has a 20 percent stake in a joint venture partnership with Total in Myanmar, it is a non-operating partner and is not responsible for those operations. Chevron's CR report also notes that as a "responsible nonoperator," Chevron has contacted the former U.N. special envoy to Myanmar to encourage U.N. engagement.
Dave Sampson, Chevron's general manager of public affairs, also told the protesters, who had crowded into the building lobby signs and all, that their report was inaccurate. He said he would provide the group with a list of inaccuracies at a later date.
Antonia Juhasz, the report's editor, said she was very interested in hearing what Chevron had to say. She defends the report and its 50 authors of delivering an "absolutely correct, factual representation" of Chevron's operations.
"This is the second year that they've said the report has inaccuracies in which they have failed to produce any evidence," Juhasz said. "I'm eager to discuss any point in this report that they find inaccurate and I'm eager to hear their proof as to the inaccuracies."


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- (-) Remove Essays and Theses filter Essays and Theses
Thesis: Dismantling Legal Constraints to Contraception in the 1900s
In the late nineteenth century, the Comstock Act of 1873 made the distribution of contraception illegal and classified contraception as an obscenity. Reflecting the predominant attitude towards contraception at the time, the Comstock Act was the first federal anti-obscenity law that targeted contraception. However, social acceptance of birth control changed at the turn of the twentieth century. In this thesis, I analyzed legislation, advocates, and literature pertinent to that social change to report on the events leading up to the decriminalization of contraception.
Format: Essays and Theses
Subject: People, Legal, Reproduction
Thesis: Leo Kanner and the Psychobiology of Autism
This thesis illustrates that Kanner held an explicitly descriptive frame of reference toward his eleven child patients, their parents, and autism. Adolf Meyer, his mentor at Johns Hopkins, trained him to make detailed life-charts under a clinical framework called psychobiology. By understanding that Kanner was a psychobiologist by training, I revisit the original definition of autism as a category of mental disorder and restate its terms.
Format: Essays and Theses
Dissertation: Lessons from Embryos: Haeckel's Embryo Drawings, Evolution, and Secondary Biology Textbooks
Haeckel believed that the development of an embryo revealed the adult stages of the organism's ancestors. Haeckel represented this idea with drawings of vertebrate embryos at similar developmental stages. This is Haeckel's embryo grid, the most common of all illustrations in biology textbooks. Yet, Haeckel's embryo grids are much more complex than any textbook explanation. I examined 240 high school biology textbooks, from 1907 to 2010, for embryo grids.
Format: Essays and Theses
Subject: Publications, People
Thesis: The Hwang Woo-Suk Scandal and the Development of Bioethics in South Korea
In 2004, the South Korean geneticist Woo-Suk Hwang published what was widely regarded as the most important research finding in biotechnology that year. In the prestigious American journal Science, he claimed that he had succeeded in cloning a human blastocyst, which is an embryo in its early developmental stages (Hwang et al. 2004). A year later, in a second Science article, he made the earth-shattering announcement that he had derived eleven embryonic stem cell lines using his cloning technique (Hwang et al. 2005). The international scientific community was stunned.
Format: Essays and Theses


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Alan J. Auerbach and William G. Gale set the stage for the discussion that needs to happen in "The Fiscal Outlook In a Period of Policy Uncertainty," written for the Tax Policy Center (August 7, 2017). Douglas W. Elmendorf and Louise M. Sheiner also tackle these issues in "Federal Budget Policy with an Aging Population and Persistently Low Interest Rates," in the Summer 2017 issue of the Journal of Economic Perspectives (31: 3, pp. 175-194).
Auerbach and Gale summarize their theme straightforwardly:
"Budget deficits appear manageable in the short run, but the nation's debt-GDP ratio is already high relative to historical norms, and even under optimistic assumptions, both measures will rise in the future. Sustained deficits and rising federal debt will crowd out future investment, reduce prospects for economic growth, and impose burdens on future generations. ...
"For example, we find that just to ensure that the debt-GDP ratio in 2047 does not exceed the current level would require a combination of immediate and permanent spending cuts and/or tax increases totaling 3.2 percent of GDP. This represents about a 16 percent cut in non-interest spending or a 19 percent increase in tax revenues relative to current levels. To return the debt-GDP ratio in 2047 to 36 percent, its average in the 50 years preceding the Great Recession in 2007-9, would require immediate and permanent spending cuts or tax increases of 4.6 percent of GDP. The longer policy makers wait to institute fiscal adjustments, the larger those adjustments would have to be to reach a given debt-GDP ratio target in a given year. While the numbers above are projections, not predictions, they nonetheless constitute the fiscal backdrop against which potentially ambitious new tax and spending proposals should be considered."Auerbach and Gale go through a variety of ways of projecting future deficits, but the overall message that there is a long-run reason for concern keeps coming through. They also offer a useful reminder that even if the proximate cause of the higher federal debt burden is projections for higher spending on entitlement and especially health programs, there are a number of cases in addressing a problem by reversing its cause doesn't make sense. As I sometimes say, "When someone is hit by a car, you don't fix their injury by reversing the cause--that is, backing up the car over their body." As Auerbach and Gale write:
"Looking toward policy solutions, it is useful to emphasize that even if the main driver of long-term fiscal imbalances is the growth of entitlement benefits, this does not mean that the only solutions are some combination of benefit cuts now and benefit cuts in the future. For example, when budget surpluses began to emerge in the late 1990s, President Clinton devised a plan to use the funds to "Save Social Security First." Without judging the merits of that particular plan, our point is that Clinton recognized that Social Security faced long-term shortfalls and, rather than ignoring those shortfalls, aimed to address the problem in a way that went beyond simply cutting benefits. A more general point is that addressing entitlement funding imbalances can be justified precisely because one wants to preserve and enhance the programs, not just because one might want to reduce the size of the programs. Likewise, addressing these imbalances may involve reforming the structure of other spending, raising or restructuring revenues, or creating new programs, as well as simply cutting existing benefits. Nor do spending cuts or tax changes need to be across the board. Policy makers should make choices among programs. For example, more investment in infrastructure or children's programs could be provided, even in the context of overall spending reductions."Elmendorf and Sheiner tackle a different aspect of the same question. They agree that federal deficits are on "an unsustainable path." However, they also note that interest rates are very low, which offers an opportunity for federal borrowing aimed at infrastructure and long-run investments. They write:
"Both market readings and detailed analyses by a number of researchers suggest that Treasury interest rates are likely to remain well below their historical norms for years to come, which represents a sea change for budget policy. We argue that many—though not all—of the factors that may be contributing to the historically low level of interest rates imply that both federal debt and federal investment should be substantially larger than they would be otherwise. We conclude that, although significant policy changes to reduce federal budget deficits ultimately will be needed, they do not have to be implemented right away. Instead, the focus of federal budget policy over the coming decade should be to increase federal investment while enacting changes in federal spending and taxes that will reduce deficits gradually over time."As a focused argument in economic reasoning, Elmendorf and Sheiner make a strong case. As a matter of political economy, it's trickier, because one can raise at least three questions.
1) If the US political system decides not to focus on deficit-reduction now, is it capable of focusing the additional spending on investment that will raise long-run growth, or will the additional budget flexibility just lead to more transfer payments?
2) If the US political system doesn't focus on deficit reduction in the near-term, then in the medium-term roughly a decade from now, it will need to preside over even greater budget changes (as Auerbach and Gale explain) to avoid the outcome that everyone agrees is unsustainable. It would be a hard political U-turn to shift from larger deficits for investment in the present, to taking budgetary steps in the fugure that will offset that additional borrowing, and more besides, in the future.
3) The theoretical case for enacting changes now that will have the effect of holding down the increase in deficits in the long-run is strong. But in practical terms, just what these changes should be is less clear. For example, Congress could pass a law which places limits on, say, the level of government health care spending from 2030 to 2040, but there's no reason to believe that those limits will have any actual force when those years arrive. There are a few changes, like phasing in an older retirement age or a change in benefit formulas for Social Security, that might have a better chance of persisting. It seems useful to think more about about budgetary policies that could be enacted in the present, but would have most of their effect after a long-term phase-in, and would be relatively resistant to future political tinkering.
It's not exactly news that democratic political systems are continually enticed to focus on the present and push costs into the future in a wide range of contexts: public borrowing, pensions, environment, and others.


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text:
Death Valley II, USA 2015
Edition: 9 (+2 AP), Signed, titled and editioned on print verso
Size: 10x10" (aprox. 25x25cm)
Print: Giclée Print, Museum Quality
Paper: 305gsm Hahnemühle Photo Rag Ultra Smooth, 100% Cotton
Sizes are Paper sizes, actual print will be slightly smaller due to the white border.
Larger prints upon request.