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Canadian Valley Record. (Canton, Okla.), Vol. 13, No. 6, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 18, 1918
Description: Weekly newspaper from Canton, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising. Canton derived its name from Cantonment, a nearby military post that was established in 1879.
Date: July 18, 1918
Creator: McDowell, C. S.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Newspaper
Partner: Oklahoma Historical Society


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Optical Locating
This page still needs more revision and completeness, but the individual technologies are fully developed
Many tracking applications require that the system identify the location of information within a visual field. This could be seeking a color, or a shape, or just the centroid of light intensity. This page discusses the use of a duo-lateral photodiode to sense the centroid of light within its field of view. The documented method uses a passive retro-reflective target and optics.
System Design
The system is designed to obtain the location of a reflective target within its visual field and track it at high speeds. Figure 1 is a system diagram showing the functional blocks of the system. The system needs to be able to obtain the position of the target relative to the current direction the "eye" is facing, which requires that it be able to distinguish between the target signal and potential ambient light, and then produce a signal which the microcontroller can utillize to drive motors which orient the eye toward the target.
The system contains the following elements:
- Eye structure on a 2-DoF gimbal
- Position-sensing detector
- Target illumination circuit
- Optics
- Phase-sensitive detection circuit
- Microcontroller
Position-Sensing Detector
The position sensing detector used in this system is a DLS-4, a two-dimensional lateral-effect position-sensing device from OSI Optoelectronics. This sensor (as shown in the image at right) has a 4mm x 4mm sensing area and has four output leads, one pair for each axis of measurement. Each output lead acts as a current source (due to photoelectric effect) either sourcing or sinking current based on the intensity of the light it is receiving and the distance from the centroid of the light spot from the terminal corresponding to the lead. One pair of leads corresponding to a direction pair (left-right or up-down) will be sourcing current while the other sinks current. For further details see the lateral-effect photodiode.
Target Illumination
Illuminating the target was achieved via eight TSHF 5210 infrared-emitting diodes (IRED's)(http://www.vishay.com/docs/81303/tshf5410.pdf). These were arranged into two parallel groups of four which were each soldered together as part of the "eye"structure. The IRED illumination circuit was pulsed synchronously with the phase-sensitive detector switch at 20 kHz. The target was a 1.5" diameter sphere covered with retroreflective tape, providing a decent brightness spot even at distances beyond one meter.
If light is directed at the sensor in a parallel beam (such as from a flashlight or laser, or potentially the reflection from a distant target), the light available from the field of view can be overshadowed by the intensity of the light in the beam, resulting in uniform distribution of the light on the sensing surface until the light source becomes occluded by the edge of the case or structure, resulting in a shadow. In theory, if the beam were narrow with respect to the size of the sensing area, the placement of the beam on the sensing area should produce output currents which are representative of the proximity of the "dot" to each edge of the sensor. The sensing area is only 4mm square, and even the "dot" produced by a laser pointer is 2mm in diameter with additional scatter, so the dot is anything but "small". To reduce this "large-dot" problem, an optical lens (salvaged from a laser pointer) and infrared filter (http://www.edmundoptics.com/onlinecatalog/displayproduct.cfm?productID=1918) were used.
Phase-Sensitive Detection Circuit
The difficulty in trying to identify a target which could be buried within background ambient light is differentiating between the ambient signal and the target signal. The method of achieving that separation that this system uses is called phase-sensitive-detection. The phase sensitive detection starts with modulating the signal voltage at a certain frequency. It is then multiplied by a reference signal at the same frequency. The multiplication can be carried out in a sectional called mixer, or in other ways. The phase sensitive detection ends with a low pass filter, which demodulates the signal voltage and outputs a DC value.

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"Love it!!! The main reason we chose our 385 FastTrack was the ability to store it under the bed in our campervan. This works great. We're impressed with how quickly it inflates with the pump. But equally as good is the comfort and stability. All in all, we are rapt with it and can't wait to do some overnight trips."
When we received the above email from New Zelanders, Alison and Ken Polglase, we had to know more. Alison tells the rest of their story.
"We live in Nelson, New Zealand, which is on the coast at the top of the South Island of New Zealand. We have access to three National Parks within one hour's drive, so there is plenty of opportunity for sea, lake, or river kayaking. The Marlborough Sounds is also within one or two hours drive from home. We enjoy campervanning, tramping (the New Zealand term for multi-day bush/mountain hikes), biking, and fishing.
"Towing a boat trailer is unpractical."
We own a Fiat Ducato, 6-meter, 2-berth campervan. We have owned a 13-foot aluminium dinghy with a 25hp motor for a number of years and have towed that behind the van on occasion but it is unpractical for longer trips especially to the North Island as the cost of crossing with your vehicle between the North and South Islands onboard the Cook Strait ferries increases hugely the longer your vehicle is. It is also harder parking in towns when towing a boat on the back.
When heading off on holiday, we'd go without our aluminum boat. We'd put our bikes on a rack on the back of the van, tramping packs under the seat, and we'd be off to enjoy the great outdoors. And then we'd park next to a lake or a beach and the water would be beautifully calm and glass-like and we'd wish we'd brought a boat, too. There'd be fish out there waiting to be caught!
Their boat search begins…
So began the process of searching for a way to get on the water. We deliberated for about two years, looking at different options. We considered a folding boat quite seriously but it was always the same problem of where to store it in, or on, the van when driving. Rigid kayaks presented the same problem. With solar panels, skylight hatches, and a satellite dish to work around, there's not a lot of space left on the roof. Plus with bikes on the back there's not much room for a ladder needed to get kayaks up on top.
Ken started researching inflatables generally on the internet and came across the Sea Eagle website. We compared kayaks with dinghys. We compared Sea Eagle with other brands. We read reviews. We liked what we saw and Sea Eagle was competitively priced with anything else we could buy in New Zeland even after paying freight and import duty. We debated between the FastTrack and an Explorer. We chose a FastTrack 385. Payment was straight forward and freighting was quick. It only took five days to get here.
Slightly squishy is better.
We also deliberated about which seats to order and finally decided the inflatable seats would mean we were sitting a little higher which would be better for fishing. I first thought the inflatable seats looked funny and unsporty, but now I love them. They are so comfortable. It's like sitting in an armchair at home, especially if you don't overinflate them. Slightly squishy is better.
Inflates in the time it takes to pack afternoon tea
We are impressed with how quickly the whole kayak inflates with the pump. We drove into a campground on a beach front, opened up the back doors, and pulled out the kayak from the storage space under our bed. In the time it took me to pack a dry bag with afternoon tea, sunscreen, camera, and got fishing rods out, Ken had the kayak inflated. Our neighbours from England in the next camp site said, "I can see you've done that a few times before." It was only the third time.
"Laughing my head off."
On about our fifth trip out we had to get through heavy surf off a sandy beach. A big black cloud came over and the rain pelted down. We decided we were wet anyway so we stayed out fishing. No luck on that score! Even though we headed home with no fish and wet, I was happy in that I had gained confidence in how the kayak handled surf. It felt very stable. Once we got back to shore, we emptied the fishing gear out and Ken headed back out to play and ride the waves, while I stood watching and laughing my head off. He canned out a few times!
"Go this way! Go that way!" — Grandchild directs
After that trip I felt it was stable enough to take our two little grandchildren (aged 14 months and 2-½ years) on a calm day. We sat one between each of our legs on the floor. The youngest nearly went to sleep, while the elder one directed us, "Go this way" and then a few minutes later, "Go that way."
We like to fish but also enjoy just paddling. You get a close up look at beaches, islands and estuaries from a different viewpoint other than the road.
They love traveling light
As it is with tramping and cycle touring, we love the concept of travelling light, being close to nature, and getting to places under your own steam. (Burning off calories, enabling you to eat whatever you want is the bonus!) Kayaking is just another form of this. We are looking forward to doing some multi day trips. We're within an hour's drive of Nelson Lakes National Park with its white water rapids; Kahurangi National Park with Class 5 river rafting; and Abel Tasman National Park with its beautiful sandy beaches.The Marlborough Sounds have plenty of camping spots. Roll on summer!"
— Alison Polglase, Nelson, New Zealand
Do YOU have a Sea Eagle boating story and photos to share? Email us today!


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We introduce the Into Math Graph tool, which students use to graph how "into" mathematics they are over time. Using this tool can help teachers foster conversations with students and design experiences that focus on engagement from the student's perspective.
Amanda K. Riske, Catherine E. Cullicott, Amanda Mohammad Mirzaei, Amanda Jansen, and James Middleton
Christina Lundberg
My favorite lesson is based on a problem my geometry students encounter. When we study similar triangles, students use indirect measurement to determine the height of an object.
Michael Weiss
One of the central components of high school algebra is the study of quadratic functions and equations. The Common Core State Standards (CCSSI 2010) for Mathematics states that students should learn to solve quadratic equations through a variety of methods (CCSSM A-REI.4b) and use the information learned from those methods to sketch the graphs of quadratic (and other polynomial) functions (CCSSM A-APR.3). More specifically, students learn to graph a quadratic function by doing some combination of the following:
Locating its zeros (x-intercepts)
Locating its y-intercept
Locating its vertex and axis of symmetry
Plotting additional points, as needed
Yating Liu and Mary C. Enderson
Similar assumptions seem to give rise to conflicting answers when students approach probability questions differently.
Kent Thele
Encourage investigation of the conic-section attributes of focus, eccentricity, directrix, and semi-latus rectum using polar coordinates and projective geometry.
Miriam Gates, Tracy Cordner, Bowen Kerins, Al Cuoco, Eden Badertscher, and Gail Burrill
With this professional development program, teachers work with colleagues and experience a manner of teaching that embeds habits of mind.
James Metz, Lance Hemlow, and Anita Schuloff
Explore the relationship between families of quadratic expressions factorable over the integers and Pythagorean triples.
Craig Huhn
Lesson planning leads to a deeper consideration of what it means to study and learn mathematics.
Ruth N. Urbina-Lilback
Two instructional principles–being open to students' input and building on misconceptions–can open the door for mathematics learning in community college.
S. Asli Özgün-Koca
Student interviews inform us about their use of technology in multiple representations of linear functions.


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Published June 20th, 2014 at 2:24 PM5 minute read
If you were dying and had exhausted all conventional treatment options, wouldn't you want immediate access to a drug that might prove to be a miracle cure?
That's the promise of legislation that, if signed by Gov. Jay Nixon, would make Missouri the third state in the country – after Colorado and Louisiana – to enact a so-called "Right to Try" law, which aims to get investigational drugs into the hands of terminally ill patients as quickly as possible.
"If there is something out there, particularly if there are medications that are being used in India or Europe, why do we in the United States have to wait for the (Food and Drug Administration) to give the blessing?" said state Rep. Jim Neely, the Cameron Republican who sponsored the bill.
Neely is a longtime family physician with a daughter who is battling advanced colon cancer.
Working with the Phoenix-based Goldwater Institute, a free market-oriented think-tank seeking to enact similar laws in states across the country, he is also backed by patients and families who have lost relatives.
The FDA is neutral on the initiative, according to a spokeswoman, but the institute's efforts are opposed by a leading drug industry interest group, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA).
Other skeptics include Russell Melchert, dean of the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Pharmacy, and Melissa Gilmore, a Washington, D.C., attorney who leads the FDA practice at the Polsinelli law firm, which is based in Kansas City.
"In my opinion," Gilmore said, "the legislation is basically pointless."
In general, the legislation would allow patients and their physicians to work directly with drug companies to obtain investigational drugs outside the process established by the FDA.
A Nixon spokesman said the governor is reviewing the measure and has not indicated whether he will sign the bill.
Path to approval
It can take as long as 15 years and $1.8 billion to bring a drug to market, according to research cited by PhRMA.
In its 2013 industry profile, the group said the 44 new medicines blessed by the FDA in 2012 were the largest number of approvals in 15 years.
Once laboratory studies show promise, drug developers can get approval from the FDA to begin clinical trials, which use human subjects to determine if a compound is safe and effective.
The trials run through four phases, with Phase 1 involving a small group of people who evaluate a drug's safety, dosage range and side effects.
Recognizing the dire straits faced by dying patients who cannot get into clinical trials, the FDA makes unapproved drugs available through its Expanded Access, or "compassionate use," program.
The requests typically come from patients' physicians, agency spokeswoman Stephanie Yao said in an e-mail. But a company can also request participation for an intermediate-sized group of two to 99 patients or under a treatment protocol for a larger group if the patients do not meet the criteria for a clinical trial.
An FDA official is authorized to give emergency approval over the telephone.
In petitions from individuals, the FDA cannot compel a drug company to provide the investigational drug.
In the last four reporting periods, covering October 2009 through September 2013, the FDA received an average of 391 emergency requests from patients and approved all but five.
FDA debate
Much of the disagreement about the Right to Try legislation stems from differing views about the effectiveness of the FDA's expanded access program.
Right to Try proponents argue expanded access takes too long to help patients who are in desperate shape.
The process can take as long as six months and involve dozens of hours of paperwork for the physician, said Victor Riches, vice president of the Goldwater Institute.
"While the expanded access program is a great program for a lot of folks," he said, "it is not always beneficial and usually is not applicable for these patients that have gone through every other effort to try and save their life, and this is really their last opportunity."
Under Right to Try, Riches said, the patient could get the drug in days as opposed to months.
As with the expanded access program, Neely's bill would not require a manufacturer to fulfill the request. The bill also stipulates that:
The manufacturer can require payment for the drug
Health insurers are not required to cover the service
The state licensing board cannot take action against a physician based solely on the physician's recommendation that a patient try an investigational drug
Riches acknowledged the effectiveness of Right to Try depends on the willingness of drug manufacturers to participate. He says most are waiting to see how the FDA will react to these bills.
"There is no question that for these laws to be maximally effective, there needs to be a positive balance between doctors, the pharmaceutical companies, the FDA. Everyone needs to be working together to really make these things work," Riches said.
Blame the companies?
Gilmore, the Polsinelli attorney, said the real problem is not the FDA or its administration of the expanded access program.
Rather, she said, it is drug companies' refusal to make the investigational drugs available even after the FDA has given them the go-ahead.
Gilmore said that, as part of her pro bono work, she has gained about a dozen FDA approvals through the expanded access program. All have foundered, she said, because drug companies declined to participate.
Gilmore suspects they feared bad publicity or had concerns a negative outcome could affect final approval of the drug.
Officials with PhRMA declined to respond to Gilmore's comments on the record.
Instead, they cited a June 14 post on their website by Sascha Haverfield, the organization's vice president of scientific and regulatory affairs.
"Expanded access programs are part of many biopharmaceutical companies' commitment to patients," he wrote.
He added that, while the Right to Try bills may be well-intentioned, "they seek to bypass FDA oversight and the clinical trial process, which is not in the best interest of patients and public health, and is unlikely to achieve our shared goal of bringing innovative, safe, and effective medicines to patients as quickly as possible."
Likewise, Melchert, the UMKC dean, said he does not see how Right to Try legislation would be of any benefit.
He says the FDA's expanded access program is straightforward and information is available to help patients understand the process.
"It is all in place," he says. "I really don't see why we would need anything else."
And even that process is not without risk, Melchert adds, given that a drug that has cleared a Phase I trial could lead to the immediate death of someone who still might have six to nine months to live.
Melchert said he would like to see the energy around the Right to Try effort channeled into the more important issue of directing additional money to research for new cures and to wellness campaigns to prevent disease.
Bill hits home
As word of Neely's bill circulated in Jefferson City, the effort hit home with a couple of lobbyists.
One is Ross Nichols, who works for the Missouri Trucking Association. The other is Richard McCullough, who represents several clients in the capitol.
Nichols, a 41-year-old father of two boys, has a brain tumor that was diagnosed nearly three years ago. He has had two operations but a recent check-up revealed another growth.
He is changing treatments, but he said it would be comforting to know that, if Missouri enacts the Right to Try law, he and his family would have access to a last-resort treatment.
McCullough's support for the measure comes from his son, Nick, who died in December 2011 at the age of 27. He had battled a head-and-neck cancer for three years before his death, but had been an unsuitable candidate for a couple of clinical trials, McCullough said.
Neither man knew of the FDA's expanded access program but both are enthusiastic about Neely's bill.
Nichols said he prefers solutions that involve less government. McCullough favors state-level solutions.
Referring to his son's experience, McCullough said, "The name Right to Try is very appropriate because he never had a chance to try."
Major Funding for Health coverage on KCPT provided by Assurant Employee Benefits and the Health Care Foundation of Greater Kansas City.
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I seem to get cravings for reds when I have wee nubs. I wanted a red the other day and picked L.A. Girl Rock Star in Addict.
I used three coats here. It's a beautiful red jelly with lots of small gold flakes.
I apologize that the color looks strange in these pictures. It was early morning sun.
This polish is so pretty! At three coats it gets deep, like blood. The shimmer of the flakes is just fabulous, as well.
This wore well on me, too! I think it has to do with the nails being so short. I got a good three days out of it with only a little tip wear. :)


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Eggplant Papucaki (Patlıcan Papucaki)
This is a typical Aegean dish that you can find on both Turkish and Greek sides of the Aegean Sea. As much as the dish itself, I love its pronunciation: pa-bu-ja-ki. Given the suffix -aki the name sounds definitely Greek, however "papuc" or "papuç" is a Persian word "paposh" (پاپٯش) that is used in Turkish and means shoe or slipper. So maybe these little shoes are not "typical"Aegean after all, who knows?
I have eaten two different versions of papucaki. One was made by boiling the eggplants and then stuffing them and the other one featured roasted eggplants, which was more appealing to my taste.
4 small(er) eggplants, Italian eggplants are perfect for papucaki
2-3 green peppers or 1 bell pepper, finely chopped
3-4 green onions, chopped
2-3 tomatoes, diced or grated
juice of 1/2 lemon
2-3 tbsp olive oil
~1 cup grated mozzarella or feta cheese
2 egg
4 bay leaves
salt and pepper
-Place eggplants on a baking sheet, poke holes in them and roast in the oven at 400F until they collapse and the flesh is all the way soft, ~40-45 minutes.
-Once they cool down, cut a rectangle piece on top as in the picture and scoop out the flesh.
-Dice the roasted eggplant flesh and mix them with lemon juice in a bowl.
-In a pan heat olive oil and add onion and peppers. Stir until soft.
-Add diced eggplant flesh and cook for 2 minutes.
-Add tomatoes, salt, black pepper, and bay leaves and cook until tomato juice cooks off.
-Beat eggs in a bowl and stir them in the tomato mix and stuff the eggplants with this. [I usually skip egg part]
-Cover the tops with grated cheese.
-Place stuffed eggplants in an oven dish and bake in a preheated oven at 400F for 15-20 minutes.
serve immediately.
21 comments:
The typical "papucaki" in Greece at least is with ground beef stuffing and bechamel on top, roasted in the oven of course. What you have made here we would call it "imam bayldi"...go figure!However, in my books anything with eggplant is definitely a must in my kitchen, no matter what it is called!! Lovely recipe as always.ReplyDelete
Imam bayildi is a bit different than this in Turkey; eggplants are deep fried, there lots of onion and garlic involved, and of course no eggs or cheese. Getting more complicated: seems like we share the names but not necessarily the same recipes :)ReplyDelete
Great recipe, Burcu. Eggplant is my favorite vegetable (i think i say it everywhere:) and I welcome anything made with it, regardless of the origins. I make zucchini papucaghi too, but eggplant beats it for me:)Yours looks yummy.ReplyDelete
- betty7:03 PM
Beautiful blogsite-thank you for the wonderful pictures and information!!!BettyReplyDelete
- Anonymous12:46 PM
This is an amazing blog!ReplyDelete
I've just made this stuffed eggplant, it was delicious. thanks!
I'm hungarian and obviosly papucaki is another word we got from the Turkish, it is papucs (pronounced phapooch)in magyar. :)
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
Sorry for the 2 deleted comments. I am not thinking straight today, again, so sorry. I will be trying this recipe this weekend, I just bought 2 nice eggplants yesterday, and have all the other ingredients on hand already. Thanks for sharing, I'm always looking for new eggplant recipes.ReplyDelete
I have a question... Although I cannot eat eggplants because they make me break out even when I handle them without gloves. :P (Tragic!!!) Yet, I like to make eggplant dishes for guests. Until now I only used them peeled and cubed, though. When you serve dishes like papucaki, is the skin eaten or you scrape the flesh off of it?ReplyDelete
Fecho, for pabucaki you already scrape the flesh to stuff it in later, but the skin is definitely edible and delicious.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous1:09 PM
Eggplant came to Turkey and Greece from Persia relatively recently. It was not part of Ancient Greek or early Turkish cuisine, but is found in Byzantine Greek recipe references.ReplyDelete
In terms of papucaki or papoutsakia, this merely refers to the shape of individual halves in a casserole dish. They can be cooked any variety of ways and one can find Biyaldi type or the way mentioned in the entry. Even within Turkey there are huge regional variations on Biyaldi
Wow I like eggplant. I will definitely try this one. Thank you very much for sharing this one.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous11:05 AM
Pabuc means shoe in Turkish (the origin may be Persian). -aki is an endearment in Greek. So pabucaki is tiny shoe. Referring to the shape. A criss-cross of Ottoman times probably. Whatever the case it is a favourite Turkish dish. (Bayıldı, ie. imam bayıldı is completely different, lots of onions, tomatos, lots and lots of olive oil - so, the imam fainted.)ReplyDelete
I want to eat.ReplyDelete
This looks great Burcu and I am going to try it! Thank you! What temperature and how long to bake the eggplant for? In any liquid or just on its own?ReplyDelete
I too love eggplant, and right now have an abundance, as well as tomatoes and peppers. Got two nice little freshly picked ones in the oven roasting, but I will add garlic to your recipe, as well as a hot pepper as I like things spicy.ReplyDelete
When I finished cooking the filling, the whole thing seemed a little wet. Added some grated parmesan and breadcrumbs, added the egg, and cooled the mixture for an hour or so before stuffing. They were delicious, and I will use this as a basis for more stuffed eggplants. They looked beautiful, and I love the name.ReplyDelete


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Senator: Protect Gun Rights of Medical Marijuana Users
If you use marijuana in a state that has legalized pot for medicinal purposes, Sen. John Walsh wants to make sure you don't lose your guns.
The Democratic senator from Montana, appointed earlier this year and facing a difficult race on Nov. 4, has filed an amendment to a spending package being considered on the Senate floor.
Walsh joins libertarian leaning Sen. Rand Paul in attaching a marijuana-related provision to the broad spending bill that includes funding for Commerce-Justice-Science, Transportation and Housing and Urban Development and Agriculture-FDA. But questions are arising over whether the Senate can complete work on the package because an agreement on amendments remains elusive.
Paul's legislation would prevent the Department of Justice from blocking states attempting to implement their own laws related to medical marijuana.
"The federal government cannot deny Montanans who rely on medical marijuana their Second Amendment rights," Walsh said in a statement. "This measure will ensure that patients can hunt, purchase ammunition and protect their homes without fear of prosecution."
The pro-gun amendment could appeal to the libertarian strain of thinking that runs through many western states. Walsh was named to replace Sen. Max Baucus when President Barack Obama named the Montanan to be his
U.S. ambassador to China earlier this year. Walsh previously served as lieutenant governor and as the state's adjutant general. Montana is one of the 22 states with comprehensive legalized medical marijuana programs.
Paul's amendment addresses 32 states and Washington, D.C., with laws that authorize the use, distribution, possession, or cultivation of medical marijuana. In the text, he names them as Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington and Wisconsin.
Tom Angell, the chairman of Marijuana Majority, was pleased with both amendments, especially given Paul has presidential ambitions.
Pot policy unites "an interesting progressive-libertarian mix of strange political bedfellows," and
"when you add in gun rights, we should see a very, very interesting bipartisan result," Angell said.
A House committee this week
opted against blocking D.C. from implementing a law to decriminalize possession of small amounts of marijuana
. The decriminalization legislation, in the midst of a 60-day congressional review period, remains intact in the spending bill now headed for the full appropriations panel.
Niels Lesniewski contributed to this report.


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A primary source is any record contemporary to an event or time period. Primary sources may be written, oral, visual or physical. Some of these sources were produced with the intent of being preserved for the future. Such intentional sources include government documents, church records, autobiographies or memoirs. On the other hand, many primary sources were produced without any intent of future use. Such unintentional sources may include private correspondence not originally meant for posterity but which later are deposited in archives and libraries. Physical evidence such as buildings, clothing, tools, and landscapes may also be labeled as unintentional sources.
--Galgano, Michael J., J. Christopher Arndt, and Raymond M. Hyser. Doing History: Research and Writing in the Digital Age. Cengage Learning, 2007, p. 57.
There are certain words that appear in the subject headings of items in the UM LIBRARIES CATALOG that constitute primary sources. The most important of them is sources, but there are others.
In the simple keyword search box, you can put such words after SU: in order to specify the SUBJECT field.
ex.: crusades and SU:sources
In the advanced keyword search, you can put your search term(s) in the top box, and in the second box, put the word(s) you're using to locate primary sources in the next box, and change the drop-down menu to Subject:
Keywords that will help you find primary sources:
Depending on the period being studied, it can also be helpful to limit your search by publication date.
More keywords identifying primary sources in Library of Congress Subject Headings
To find the papers of a historically prominent individual, use the Advanced MERLIN Search. Use the first line to specify the author (surname first, e.g., Jefferson, Thomas) and the second line to specify papers in the title. You can also use the Advanced search to combine any of the above primary source oriented keywords with a particular author.


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Undermanned Spartans beat Hawkeyes in OT
IOWA CITY, Iowa (AP) -- Michigan State had every reason to fold.
The seventh-ranked Spartans were coming off a draining loss to rival Michigan and again were down two starters to surging Iowa -- which was hosting its biggest game in years.
Michigan State responded with the toughness it has shown so often under coach Tom Izzo and emerged from Iowa City with a season-defining win.
Keith Appling scored 16 points and the Spartans outlasted No. 15 Iowa 71-69 in overtime Tuesday night, handing the Hawkeyes their first home loss.
"I was concerned coming in whether we could get back up off the can. Not physically, we were going to be beat up. I was worried about mentally," said Izzo, whose team fell to the Wolverines 80-75 on Saturday. "We didn't have time to be tired."
Matt Costello had 11 points and 12 rebounds for the Spartans (19-2, 8-1 Big Ten), who avoided consecutive defeats despite the absence of injured starters Adreian Payne and Branden Dawson.
But it took 5 extra minutes -- and an Iowa shooting drought that lasted nearly 15 minutes -- to pull it off.
Costello's tip-in with 1:14 left gave Michigan State a 67-64 lead, and Russell Byrd's 3 with 34 seconds put Michigan State up by six.
Iowa still had a chance to force a second overtime, but Mike Gesell missed a driving layup at the buzzer.
Devyn Marble had 21 points for Iowa (16-5, 5-3), including a layup with 6 seconds left in overtime that snapped the Hawkeyes' streak of 14:50 without a field goal.
"I just didn't think we were tough enough. We weren't tough at all," Iowa coach Fran McCaffery said. "I think they were being nice."
The Hawkeyes boast one of the nation's deepest benches, and they kept threatening to run away from the undermanned Spartans early in the second half.
Michigan State wouldn't let it happen.
The tough-minded Spartans had an answer for nearly every basket that could have swung the momentum back in Iowa's favor.
Iowa led 57-51 with 5:58 left, and its crowd began to sense the win. But Appling -- with his shooting wrist heavily taped -- hit a 3, and a layup and dunk by Costello made it 58-57 Spartans.
"We have guys that want to win," Appling said. "I feel like this win speaks volumes of the character of our team. We have a lot of guys that are able to dig down and compete. And at the end of the day I feel like that's what gave us the victory."
The Hawkeyes had a chance to win in regulation, but Marble missed a runner just before the buzzer.
That was a theme that doomed the Hawkeyes.
Aaron White had 10 points for Iowa, which lost despite hitting 19 more free throws than Michigan State.
"I felt like we were moving the ball well. We had some really good looks at it and just didn't make any," McCaffery said.
What made the loss even tougher for Iowa was it had been nearly a decade since Iowa City had seen a game this big.
Iowa hadn't hosted a Top 25 opponent as a ranked team since 2006, when it last went to the NCAA tournament. Even Iowa Gov. Terry Branstad made the 2-hour drive from Des Moines to see the program's biggest home game in years.
The Hawkeyes looked like the tighter team early. But the Hawkeyes hung close by building what would end up being a 43-20 edge in free throw attempts.
The second half and overtime proved to be a physical, back-and-forth affair between two teams with serious aspirations of a Big Ten title.
In the end, it was the Spartans who pulled out a game with 16 lead changes, 11 ties and one seemingly inexplicable shooting drought from the typically high-scoring Hawkeyes.
In victory, Michigan State also showed Iowa how slim the margin between contending for a Big Ten title and winning it can be.
"We've had games where we could have (showed resolve), but we didn't. This is the first game where we've had the opportunity and we've carried through," Costello said.


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It's a great honor for me to participate this week as we celebrate a great woman and inspiration for us Julia Child.
She and her zest for life, left us an incredible culinary legacy.
His great ispiracion French food that led to devote the rest of his life to a culinary career muchosde inspired us to be great cooks.
This week at #SundaySupper we are celebrating her 100 years and not for the fact that she is no longer with us keeps us from celebrate in style.
For those who had the pleasure to meet her and work with her is definitely a very special day for all of us that we have the videos and books has been an amazing school.
A great woman, wife, feisty and full of desire to succeed and transmit everything that she's passionate, food. Celebrate with us in this day and enjoy delicious recipes inspired by a great woman Julia Child.
- 1 lb eggplant
- 1 lb zucchini
- 1 tsp salt
- 7 Tb olive oil, more if needed
- 1/2 lb (about 1 1/2 cups) thinly sliced yellow onions
- 2 slice green peppers (about 1 cup)
- 2 cloves mashed garlic
- 1 lb ripe red tomatoes peeled, seeded, and juiced
- 3 Tb minced parsley
- Salt and pepper to taste
Peel the eggplant and cut into lengthwise slices 3/8 inch thick, about 3 inches long, and 1 inch wide. Scrub the zucchini slice off the two ends, and cut the zucchini into slices about the same size as the eggplant slices. Place the vegetables in a bowl and toss with the salt. Let stand for 30 minutes. Drain. dry each slice in a towel.
One layer at a time, saute the eggplant and then the zucchini in hot olive oil for about a minute on each side to brown very lightly. Remove to a side dish.
In the same skillet, cook the onions and peppers slowly in olive oil for about 10 minutes, or until tender but not browned. Stir in the garlic and season to taste.
Slice the tomato pulp into 3/8 inch strips. Lay them over the onions and peppers. Season with salt and pepper. Cover the skillet and cook over low heat for 5 minutes or until tomatoes have begun to render their juice. Uncover, baste the tomatoes with the juices, raise heat and boil for several minutes, until juice has almost entirely evaporated.
Place a third of the tomato mixture in the bottom of the casserole and sprinkle over it 1 tablespoon of parsley. Arrange half of the eggplant and zucchini on top, then half the remaining tomatoes and parsley. Put in the rest of the eggplant and zucchini, and finish with the remaining tomatoes and parsley.
Cover the casserole and simmer over low heat for 10 minutes. Uncover, tip casserole and baste with the rendered juices. Correct seasoning if necessary. Raise heat slightly ans cook uncovered for about 15 minutes more,basting a spoonful or two of flavored olive oil. Be careful of your heat, do not let the vegetables scorch in the bottom of the casserole.
Set aside uncovered. Reheat slowly at serving time or serve cold.
This recipe make 6 to 8 serving.
If this recipe just make you drool here is a list of more recipes, the this incredible family make to celebrate this great day.
Wine Pairings by: Martin Redmond Relishing Food and Wine; Thanks to Julia Child! by ENOFYLZ


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Identification of the Problems Faced by Exceptional Children at Primary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan)
The purpose of the study was to identify the problems faced by exceptional children at primary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. All the government institutions for persons with disabilities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. The study was delimited to physically handicapped students only. The study was further delimited to seven government institutions for persons with disabilities. From each institute, five teachers and ten students were randomly selected. The study was descriptive in nature therefore a single questionnaire was developed as research instrument for the collection of data. Data was collected through personal visits. After collection of the data, it was organized, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. Percentage and chi square were applied for the statistical treatment of the data. After statistical analysis of the data, the researchers concluded that curriculum was not designed to meet the needs of special children. Special children were not being taught according to Individualized Educational Programme (I.E.P). Basic educational facilities were not available. Mobility aids were not present in the institutions. Therefore it is strongly recommended that special children should be taught through individualized educational programmes to strengthen their educational attainment. Curriculum should be designed according to the needs of the special children. Mobility aids i.e., crutches, wheelchairs, artificial limbs etc should be provided to each special education institution on priority basis.
KEYWORDS: Identification, Problems, Exceptional Children, Primary Level
Full Text:PDF
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v3i1.3402
Copyright (c)
International Journal of Human Resource Studies ISSN 2162-3058
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The music's almost over on West 48th Street.
Sam Ash has signed a lease for a huge new store on West 34th Street, spelling the end soon of several of its outlets on West 48th's former "Music Row" — and eventually of the rest as well.
The legendary musical-instruments emporium is taking nearly 30,000 square feet of modern retail space at SL Green's 333 W. 34th St., The Post has learned — an office building once owned by Citibank that SLG modernized and repositioned.
The asking rent was $90 a square foot, said Newmark Grubb Knight Frank's Jeffrey Roseman, who represented the landlord with Gregg Gropper.
Family-owned Sam Ash has a half-dozen cozy, old-fashioned stores on both sides of West 48th between Sixth and Seventh avenues.
The first to leave will be the brass, winds and drums shops on the north side, said Paul Ash, a son of company founders Sam and Rose Ash.
"Eventually we'll move all of them," he said. The ones on the north side, in the base of a garage, must go soon because the property owners are "planning a condo."
The garage is owned by Gary Barnett's Extell Development Co. A rep for Extell declined to comment on its plans.
Ash said, "48th Street is a very important street in the history of music. Once there were 30 different businesses — music stores, practice studios, repairmen. One by one they've disappeared."
Some of the world's greatest musicians have bought instruments from the 48th Street shops, including guitar greats Eric Clapton and Carlos Santana.
If all the Sam Ash outlets leave the fabled Midtown block — the city's mecca for guitars and other instruments since the 1950s — they'd leave behind only a few small surviving musical shops.
Rockefeller Group, Sam Ash's other major 48th Street landlord, has also been putting assemblages together on both sides of the block.
Rockefeller Group reps declined to comment last night. But news of the Sam Ash lease on 34th Street "came as a surprise to the Rockefeller people," a source said.
"They'd been in active talks with Ash about renewing their leases," the source added.
Sam Ash's new home — including 20,000 square feet at sidewalk level and 10,000 square feet in the basement — was once used as a Merrill Lynch cafeteria, according to SL Green Executive Vice-President Steven Durels.
The office floors in the 340,000 square-foot building are fully leased. Durels said Sam Ash's new store space has never been used for retail.
"We first showed them the space three years ago when we were redeveloping the building," Durels said. "We thought it was the ideal space for a destination retailer."
Durels said Sam Ash was "on and off again," but the need to leave at least some of the 48th Street locations apparently helped make the decision for them.
Newmark's Roseman said, "Sam Ash was flirting with [a possible move] for years. They needed to figure out what to do for a permanent Manhattan home with no ax over their heads."
He noted that the location between Eighth and Ninth avenues is part of a rejuvenated West 34th Street retail corridor, and sits across the street from a giant Loews multiplex cinema.
Sam Ash was founded in Brooklyn in 1924. The retailer opened its first small store on West 48th Street, then the heart of the city's music industry, in the late 1960s.
It expanded its presence on Music Row piece by piece over the years.
It now has stores on the block selling guitars, woodwinds, brass instruments, drums, keyboards, sheet music and every kind of accessory.
Although Sam Ash has 45 megastores around the US, none is like the West 48th Street group.
The emporium — especially the larger portion on the block's south side with a main entrance at 156 W. 48th — is an inexhaustibly fascinating, two-level warren of small, specialized selling and service areas patrolled by a cheerful, knowledgeable staff.
Their warmth will surely make its way to West 34th Street. Whether the music will sound the same away from 48th Street is another matter altogether.


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Notes from a day in baseball:
• 1. And Suddenly, Things Go Horribly Wrong. Hey, wasn't life going swell for the Dodgers, like, just a couple of days ago? Weren't they on their hottest streak since the 19th century? Wasn't Barney the dinosaur spotted wearing a comically oversized Dodgers cap? We blinked, and suddenly the Padres are back in the picture in the NL West, just one game back of first-place LA after a three-game sweep. San Diego won on Wednesday 7-2, as Geoff Blum had four hits and three RBI, and Grady Little and Brad Penny were ejected by plate umpire Rick Reed in the fifth inning after a very entertaining series of arguments. At issue was the number of mound visits Little had made to talk with Penny, which turned out to be two. How difficult is it to count to two, or even three? Barney? Can you chime in here? Come on, you big purple bastard; make yourself useful for once.
• 2. It May Not Yet Be Time To Fold Your Socks. Meanwhile, the other Los Angeles team wasn't faring much better, as Boston suddenly remembered it was late August and decided to win, 5-4 over the Angels. But unless someone spots Drew Barrymore at Fenway working on a laptop computer, it may be too late. David Ortiz and Wily Mo Pena each hit two-run homers, by the way.
• 3. The Philadelphia Story. Brett Myers
beat pummeled roughed up was victorious over the Cubs as the Phillies improved their wild-card chances with a 2-1 win.
• 4. Sad, Really. The bad news for the Indians: They allowed 10 runs in the first inning. The good news: They were playing Kansas City. Cleveland came back from a 10-1 deficit to beat the Royals 15-13 in 10 innings, with the comedy team of Ryan Garko and Hector Luna connecting for run-scoring singles in the 10th.
• 5. Athletic Achievement. Esteban Loaiza, with whom you should try to avoid vehicular travel, threw his first shutout in three years as Oakland beat Toronto 6-0. We call the AL West for the A's.


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TO CHEW ON: "But Mary kept all these things and pondered them in her heart." Luke 2:19
From the day the angel came to Mary with the almost incomprehensible message, "The Lord is with you; blessed are you among women .... You shall bring forth a Son .... and of His kingdom there will be no end," her life was changed (Luke 1:28-33).
When she went to visit her relative Elizabeth, she was greeted with more unusual words: "Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb" - Luke 1:42.
The strangenesses continue in today's reading when shepherds find the new parents in their cowshed accommodation and tell them that an angel has announced their baby's birth, identified Him by His manger bed and swaddling clothes, and proclaimed Him "A Savior who is Christ the Lord."
Mary's response: "She kept all these things and pondered them in her heart." And at least three more times in Luke we find Mary puzzled and pondering things that are playing out in the life of her child Jesus - Luke 2:33,50,51.
Though our experience will never mirror Mary's we too may have promises and dreams that set us pondering. They may be dreams God has put in our hearts for our own futures. They may be things people have spoken over us. They may be the destiny we see for our kids. They may be the role we envision our church will play in the community, or our country will have on the world stage.
Joyce Meyer had such a dream. Early in her Christian life she caught a vision of a ministry she believed God had for her. In her book Battlefield of the Mind, she describes how that vision was challenged. But claiming Romans 8:26 for the things she did not understand, she confronted naysaying thoughts with a determination to believe, not doubt, God's promises. She says:
"As Christians, we need to learn to decide to believe. God often gives us faith (a product of the Spirit) for things our minds just can't always seem to come into agreement with. The mind wants to understand everything—the why, the when, and the how of it all...As we ponder the promises God has given us, let us too channel those musings through the filter of faith. Mary obviously did. Why else would she have told the servants, troubled at running out of wine during the wedding in Cana, "Whatever He (Jesus) says to you, do it" (John 2:5)?
I had decided long before to believe what the Word says, and to believe the rhema (the revealed Word) that God gave me (the things He spoke to me or the promises He gave me personally), even if I didn't understand why, when, or how it would come to pass in my life" - Joyce Meyer, Battlefield of the Mind, p. 51.
PRAYER: Dear God, as I stand on the threshold of the new year, please help me to ponder Your promises to me with faith, knowing that You can do "exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think" (Ephesians 3:20). Amen.
MORE: New Year's Eve
In Canada New Year's Eve is a time for celebration and partying. People gather in houses, hotel ballrooms, and city squares to eat, drink, and dance as they count down to 12 midnight. Then they welcome the new year with fireworks, kisses and the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
Churches often sponsor gatherings that bring in the new year a little differently. These New Year's Eve events, sometimes called Watchnight Services, find people welcoming the new year on their knees or singing praises to God.