text:
One Thing You Won't Find in WikiLeaks Cables: Concern for Women
So far, a small sampling of those 251,287 U.S. diplomatic cables from WikiLeaks suggests the irrelevance of women's rights to the real business of U.S. state craft.
At our behest, a Women's eNews reporter last week researched dispatches from more than 40 countries. She looked at cables from developed countries such Italy; struggling countries like Yemen. She paid special attention to the Middle East because of military conflicts there and social tensions over traditional family practices. She read cables about China and India, our economic competitors.
All in all, she read 200 cables.
She sent us a memo saying she found nothing about political participation of women, their role in civil society or efforts to empower women and facilitate access to justice.
On Thursday, she alerted us that the Guardian had a story about some of the cables revealing that Pfizer, the world's largest pharmaceutical company, hired investigators to unearth evidence of corruption against the Nigerian attorney general so that they could persuade him to drop legal action of a controversial drug trial involving children with meningitis.
But she's still trying to find where women enter the picture.
She worked with a list of stories that Women's eNews had produced about women's rights in Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia and other hot spots to determine whether U.S. diplomats were addressing these issues in any way.
"I found nothing about poverty and women, reproductive rights, etc.," she e-mailed us.
Checking in With State
After reading the memo I checked out the State Department Web site and spotted a photo of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton bestowing an Eleanor Roosevelt award on someone.
I entered the word "women" in a keyword search and found a number of interesting studies and projects.
The Middle East Partnership Initiative, for instance, is working with Bahraini women "to help them advocate for their own causes and to be better prepared to contribute in all sectors of society."
But when I went to the department's internal page for its Council on Women and Girls I was astonished to find a top article with the headline "A Reindeer Romp to Remember."
It's bad enough that the classified analyses by diplomats at 250 U.S. embassies treat women as a non-entity. But romping reindeer on a diplomatic piece of turf reserved for just us?
Our researcher's memo mentioned dozens of cables from embassies in Israel, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the Emirates and Egypt reporting that leaders in these countries wanted the U.S. to strike Iran to stop the country's nuclear programs. But she found no mention of the lack of food, medical care or education in Iran and other Middle Eastern countries.
Most Disturbing Finding
She said she was most disturbed not to find any mention of the women and children killed in drone attacks in Pakistan and other places.
I realize that these cables, by their nature, are about crisis, danger and international discord and that women's issues often concern a country's internal courts and its own customs and traditions.
Nonetheless, it would have been nice to find indications that that U.S. diplomacy is driven by the keen awareness of the big post-Sept. 11 idea: That extremist people are created by conditions that leave them with nothing left to lose.
No such luck.
Women's eNews has an Arabic-language site and we are committed to the basic notion that when women's conditions are taken seriously, the world has a chance to become more civilized and safer.
As we read more of the WikiLeaks documents--there are thousands still to go--we hope to find that at least some of our foreign-affairs representatives share this view.


text: About Rocco I'm an Italian photographer currently residing in Los Angeles.As a young boy I had a colorful vintage 1960s map of the United States above my bed.Each main region was represented with a little sketch or figure, very detailed, and I had dreams that one day I was going to be there and discover all those places myself.My passion for visual arts encouraged me to study graphic design and work as web designer in Italy. The opportunity became reality in 2002 when I moved from Italy and my journey started in San Francisco. In few years I ended up in various circumstances in the city of Angeles.The multicultural environment, the vibrant lifestyle and the excitement for embracing this new adventure of life has been my motivation for taking photographs. A passion I cultivated since I was a young teenager and has transformed my life and career. After lot of training and experience, I consider myself very fortunate.I see life in colors, full of people who want to tell stories. I'm there to witness it and capture those moments with my camera. AWARDS APA LOS ANGELES "Off the Clock"Photo Competition - Finalist SANTA FE WORKSHOPS (USA) Photo Contest,"Light": 3rd Prize - Santa Fe, New Mexico THE CENTER FOR FINE ART PHOTOGRAPHY (USA)Visitor Choice Award - Fort Collins, Colorado CALUMET PHOTOGRAPHIC (USA) Photo of the WeekCANON LONG LIVE IMAGINATION (USA) Finalist PDN / RAGEFINDER MAGAZINE Finalist &Honorable Mention for "Seeing the Light" Photo ContestLOUIS ROEDERER WINE WRITERS AWARDFinalist in the Artist Section, London UK ASMP NYC IMAGE 13 Finalist & Honorable Mention THE CENTER FOR FINE ART PHOTOGRAPHY (USA)Finalist for the "Family" Photo Competition - Fort Collins, Colorado

subset: commoncrawl


text:
What: The National Women's Business Council (NWBC) will hold a public meeting to review work completed since its last meeting and discuss its 2012 accomplishments and 2013 research agenda. It also will take public comments and questions.
When: Friday, Oct. 19, 2012
9:00 a.m. – 11:30 a.m. (EDT)
Where: Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Media Center
4790 W. 16th Street
Indianapolis, IN 46222
To register for the event, please go to http://NWBCRegistration.net
NWBC is holding its meeting at this iconic venue through the assistance of NWBC Member, and former IndyCar and NASCAR driver, Sarah Fisher. The founder and team co-owner of Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing, Fisher is the fastest woman to ever qualify for the Indy 500, the first woman to qualify fastest for a major North American open-wheel event, and the youngest woman to ever compete at the legendary Speedway.
Her three-year appointment to NWBC in 2011 reflected Fisher's commitment to representing women in the male-dominated sports and entertainment industry. It also reflects Fisher's longtime commitment to working with small businesses, particularly local parts suppliers for her team's vehicles.
Who: The National Women's Business Council is a nonpartisan, independent federal council created to advise the president, Congress and the U.S. Small Business Administration on issues important to women business owners. NWBC members are prominent women business owners and leaders of women's business organizations. The Council is comprised of 15 members, including the presidentially-appointed chairwoman.
For immediate release: Thursday, Oct. 4, 2012
Contact: Eun Kim, (202) -205-6829, email@example.com


text:
CharadeHenry Mancini/arr. Mark Taylor - Hal Leonard Corporation
CharadeHenry Mancini/arr. Mark Taylor - Hal Leonard Corporation
Feature your trombone soloist on this unique and accessible samba setting of Henry Mancini's popular standard! The soloist alternates with flowing ensemble passages, and later there's a full-ensemble shout that begins with a full-band unison. The solo is written and chord changes are provided for improvisation as desired. Moderate ranges and technical demands will allow for focus on the style and feel of this marvelous chart! �
Select a Product
My Library
Customers Also Bought
This item appears on the following state lists:


text: Back How Your Child Can Live Well with Asthma If you have a child with asthma, you know how frightening wheezing, coughing, and other asthma symptoms can be. Some children eventually outgrow asthma, but it's usually a long-term disease that requires a long-term treatment plan. With the right asthma action plan, most children with asthma can live full and active lives. Asthma action plan An asthma action plan is a strategy for treating and living with asthma that you and your child's health care provider create. Because every child is different, it's important for you and your child to take an active role in your plan to make sure that it's right for you. Your participation and feedback will help your doctor adjust your child's plan over time. The three parts of an asthma action plan are: identifying and avoiding asthma triggers, taking the right type of medication when needed, and managing asthma over time. Identifying asthma triggers An asthma attack occurs when something—often referred to as a trigger—causes the tubes that carry air in and out of your child's lungs to become swollen and narrow. This makes breathing more difficult and causes the symptoms of an asthma attack. Doctors don't completely understand why some children's airways are so sensitive, but sometimes triggers that cause an attack can be identified and avoided. Common triggers include: Dust, mold, pet dander, pollen, and other substances that cause an allergic reaction Tobacco smoke, cold air, aerosol sprays, perfumes, and other substances that irritate the lungs Medications, such as aspirin or ibuprofen Some food preservatives An asthma attack may also be triggered by an upper respiratory infection and, in some kids, asthma symptoms may be triggered by exercise. Taking the right medication The goal of asthma treatment for your child is to get the best asthma control with the least amount of medication. There are two basic medication strategies used when avoiding triggers is not enough: rescue or "quick relief" medication, and medication to help control symptoms over the long-term. If your child needs medication to stop an asthma attack, he or she may be given a prescription for a rescue medication. These medications quickly open up your child's airways. In many cases these medications are given as an inhaler, and are to be used only as needed. The other basic type of medication strategy is one that your child takes regularly (such as every day) to better control asthma, prevent asthma attacks, and reduce the need for rescue medication. Keep in mind that your child's medication needs may change over time. Managing your child's asthma To make sure your child is living well with asthma, you need to keep track of your child's symptoms, keep your home free from asthma triggers, and get your child frequent check-ups. Here are some of the ways you can help your child manage asthma: Avoid allergy triggers by using an air conditioner during pollen season; reduce mold by using a dehumidifier; and reduce dust allergy by washing bed sheets weekly in hot water and keeping stuffed animals off your child's bed. If you have pets in your home, keep them out of your child's room. Learn how to use a peak flow meter to keep track of your child's asthma. Your doctor will teach you and your child to use this meter, which measures how well air is flowing in and out of your child's lungs. Keep track of your child's allergy symptoms and peak flow meter readings. Learn what symptoms require a call to your doctor or an office visit. These could be lower than normal peak flow meter readings, asthma symptoms that are not responding to medications, trouble sleeping due to asthma symptoms, loss of time at school, or needing to use rescue medication more than two days a week. Most children live a full and active life with asthma. You can help by learning as much as you can about your child's condition and by taking an active role in helping him or her manage this common childhood disease.


text:
18 Yunnan Pu-erh Tea bags
Regular price
Our own Yunnan Pu-erh tea bags offer the ease of a tea bag with the great benifits of Authentic Pu-erh tea. Pu-erh is well known to help increase metabolism and aid in weight loss. It is one of the new found old wonders of the tea world. Each organic pu-erh teabag is individually wrapped and can be used once or twice. For the first steep, let the bag infuse for about 1-2 minutes in about 6-8 oz of hot water. For the second steep, use half the amount of hot water and let steep for another 2 minutes. Letting the organic pu-erh tea bag steep longer will only make a more bitter cup, all the nutrients infuse in the first couple of minutes. Drink 3 or more servings a day to get the best results from your organic pu-erh teabags. Then you will discover for yourself why everyone is talking about Generation Tea Pu-erh tea bags. Try our other varieties of Authentic teabags (White and Oolong) and our caffeine free Gynostemma herbal tea bags for the complete tea diet. Enjoy.


text:
MOSCOW, Russia (CNN) -- The United States is "absolutely not" giving Israel a green light to attack Iran, U.S. President Barack Obama told CNN Tuesday.
President Obama meets Tuesday with Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin near Moscow.
"We have said directly to the Israelis that it is important to try and resolve this in an international setting in a way that does not create major conflict in the Middle East," Obama said, referring to Iran's nuclear ambitions.
Obama has been in Moscow for a summit aimed at trying to reset the U.S.-Russian relationship.
On Sunday, U.S. Vice President Joe Biden appeared to leave the door open for Israel to attack Iran if it saw fit.
"Israel can determine for itself -- it's a sovereign nation -- what's in their interest and what they decide to do relative to Iran and anyone else," Biden said on ABC's "This Week."
Obama said Tuesday that Biden had simply been stating a fact, not sending a signal.
"I think Vice President Biden stated a categorical fact, which is we can't dictate to other countries what their security interests are. What is also true is that it is the policy of the United States to resolve the issue of Iran's nuclear capabilities in a peaceful way through diplomatic channels," he said. Watch CNN's Ed Henry interview President Obama »
The top U.S. military leader, Adm. Mike Mullen, said later on Tuesday that he understands Israel's position.
"The Israelis see Iran achieving a nuclear capability as an existential threat, and that fact is tied to the rhetoric of the leadership of Iran, which ... has said that they would seek to eliminate Israel," said Mullen, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
His counterparts in the Gulf also understand the Israeli stance, whether or not they agree, Mullen said.
"That gets back to the criticality ... of solving this before Iran gets a nuclear capability, or that anyone... would take action to strike them. And I think that window is a very narrow window," he said in a speech at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington.
He said he hoped diplomacy would resolve the issue.
"I am hopeful that that dialogue is productive. I worry about it a great deal if it's not," Mullen said.
The State Department took a similar line on Monday.
"Our goal here is to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons. When I say 'our' it is just not the United States -- it is the international community," spokesman Ian Kelly said. "Israel is a sovereign country. We are not going to dictate its actions. We also are committed to Israel's security and we share Israel's deep concerns about Iran's nuclear program."
Asked if this could be interpreted as the United States flashing a green light for Israel to attack Iran's nuclear sites, Kelly said, "I certainly would not want to give a green light to any kind of military action."
The Israeli government considers Iran's nuclear program to be the dominant threat facing the country.
CNN White House Correspondent Ed Henry in Moscow and CNN's Emily Sherman in Washington contributed to this report.
All About Barack Obama • Iran • Israel


text:
I was pleased to see coverage from both wine industry and mainstream sources today that confirmed that U.S. wine sales in 2010 grew 6% in dollars over 2009. What's even better is the fine wine segment of $20 and up grew a robust 20%. Sounds like a prediction someone made a year ago.
Money quote from Rob McMillan at Silicon Valley Bank who told the San Francisco Chronicle, "When you look at businesses like Saks and Nordstrom – the luxury retailers – they had a good year. Fine wine falls into that category."
Let's hope this encouraging trend continues to build this year.
via Wines & Vines and San Francisco Chronicle


text:
Things have been getting very interesting down under lately! Specifically Melbourne, Australia – where big risks are being taken to develop dynamic architectural pieces. Most recently is the Hill House which has spawned from one of our favorite experimental architecture firms, Andrew Maynard Architects.
Design principals Andrew Maynard, Mark Austin, and lead architect Michael Ong, wanted to create a smart, yet playful home for their clients – a family of five with three small children. On the site, an existing structure had been built in the 90′s, but Maynard's clients wanted to explore further to add on or fix their slightly problematic home.
The architects first challenge was to capitalize on the sunlight. "The site faces north therefore relegating the backyard, the family's primary outdoor space, to shadow throughout the year," they noted. The team proposed the build of a cool new structure on the southern edge of the site. The new structure faces the sun, the pure cantilevered box above acts as the passive solar eave, cutting out summer sun, while letting winter sun flood in.
With the addition of this new structure, the backyard became a central common space for the family. The grass slopes up into the side of the home and creates a grassy knoll on the second floor as well. The slope idea was originally meant to be stairs, but the concept evolved into a hill after concluding that it is nicer to enjoy the sun on a slope, rather than stairs…and there, the Hill House emerged!
(Photography: Andrew Maynard Architects)


text:
EBC Exercise 07b make with variables
Moved to make part a
Part B – Using Built-in and User-Defined Variables
In this part, we will add some user-defined variables and built-in variables to simplify and help the makefile more readable. You will also have a chance to build a "test' rule to help debug your makefile. This continues Part A which is here.
- Add CC (user-defined variable) to your makefile.
Right now, our arm makefile is "hard coded". Over the next few steps, we'll attempt to make it more generic. Variables make your code more readable and maintainable over time. With a large, complex makefile, you will only want to change variables in one spot vs. changing them everywhere in the code.
Add the following variable in the section of your makefile labeled "user-defined vars":
CC := $(LINUXarm_GCC)
CC specifies the path and name of the compiler being used. Notice that CC is based on another variable named LINUXarm_GCC. Where does this name come from? It comes from an include file named path.mak. Open path.mak and view its contents. Notice the use of LINUXarm_GCC variable and what it is set to.
Whenever you use a variable (like CC) in a rule, you must place it inside $( ) for make to recognize it – for example, $(CC). After adding this variable, use it in the two rules (.x and .o). For example, the command for the .x rule changes from:
gcc –g app.o –o app.arm
to this
$(CC) -g app.o –o app.arm
- Apply this same concept to the .o rule.
- Add include for path.mak.
In the "include" area of the makefile, add the following statement:
-include ./path.mak
- Test your makefile: clean, make and then run the executable.
- Add CFLAGS and LINKER_FLAGS variables to your makefile.
Add the following variables in the section of your makefile labeled "user-defined vars":
CFLAGS := -g LINKER_FLAGS := -lstdc++
CFLAGS specifies the compiler options – in this case, -g (symbolic debug). LINKER_FLAGS will tell the linker to include this standard library during build. (The example option –lstd++ specifies the linker should include the standard C++ libraries.)
Use these new variables in the .x and .o rules in your makefile.
- Test your makefile.
- Add built-in variables to your .o rule.
Make contains some built in variables for targets ($@), dependencies ($^ or $<) and wildcards (%). Modify the .o rule to use these built-in variables.
The .o rule changes from:
app.o : app.c $(CC) $(CFLAGS) –c app.c –o app.o
%.o : %.c $(CC) $(CFLAGS) –c _____ -o _____
Because we only have ONE dependency, use the $< to indicate the first dependency only. Later on, if we add more dependencies, we might have to change this built-in symbol. % is a special type of make substitution for targets and dependencies. The %.o rule will not run unless a "filename.o" is a dependency to another rule (and, in our case, app.o is a dependency to the .x rule – so it works).
- Add built-in variables to your .x rule.
The .x rule changes from:
app.arm: app.o $(CC) $(CFLAGS) app.o -o app.arm
app.arm: app.o $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LINKER_FLAGS) _____ -o _____
- Don't forget to add the additional LINKER_FLAGS to the .x rule.
- Test makefile.
- Add a comment to your .x rule.
Comments can be printed to standard I/O by using the echo command. In the .x rule, add a second command line as follows:
@echo; echo $@ successfully created; echo
The @echo command tells make to echo "nothing" and don't echo the word "echo". So, effectively, this is a line return (just like the echo at the end of the line). Because built-in variables are valid for the entire rule, we can use the $@ to indicate the target name.
Test makefile and observe the echo commands. Did they work? As usual, you might need to run "make clean" before "make" so that make builds the executable.
- Add "test" rule to help debug your makefile.
Near the bottom of makefile, you'll see a commented area named "basic debug for makefile". Add the following .PHONY rule beneath the comments:
.PHONY : test test: @echo CC = $(CC)
This will echo the path and name of the compiler used. Try it. Does it work? You can also add other echo statements for CFLAGS and LINUXarm_GCC. This is a handy method to debug your makefile.
Close your makefile when finished.


text:
West Brom
Sorry, we couldn't find any results matching your filters. Please try again with different filters.
We know it's a hassle to switch browsers but we want your experience with CNA to be fast, secure and the best it can possibly be.
To continue, upgrade to a supported browser or, for the finest experience, download the mobile app.
Upgraded but still having issues? Contact us


text:
Fire services in the United Kingdom
The fire services in the United Kingdom operate under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland.
Emergency cover is provided by over fifty agencies. These are officially known as a fire and rescue service (FRS) which is the term used in modern legislation and by government departments.[1] The older terms of fire brigade and fire service survive in informal usage and in the names of a few organisations. England and Wales (and formerly Scotland) have local fire services which are each overseen by a fire authority, which is made up of representatives of local governments. Fire authorities have the power to raise a Council Tax levy for funding, with the remainder coming from the government. Scotland and Northern Ireland have centralised fire services, and so their authorities are effectively committees of the devolved parliaments. The total budget for fire services in 2014-15 was £2.9 billion.[2]
Central government maintains national standards and a body of independent advisers through the Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser, which was created in 2007, while His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services provides direct oversight. The devolved government in Scotland has a similar agency, HMFSI Scotland.
Firefighters in the United Kingdom are allowed to join unions, the main one being the Fire Brigades Union, while chief fire officers (the heads of the various FRS) are members of the National Fire Chiefs Council (formerly the Chief Fire Officers Association), which has some role in national co-ordination.[3]
The fire services have undergone significant changes since the beginning of the 21st century, a process that has been propelled by a devolution of central government powers, new legislation and a change to operational procedures in the light of terrorism attacks and threats.
Legislative framework[edit]
- See separate article History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom
- Comprehensive list of recent UK fire and rescue service legislation: [1]
Legislation (United Kingdom, Great Britain or England and Wales)[edit]
Fire services are established and granted their powers under fairly new legislation which has replaced a number of Acts of Parliament dating back more than 60 years, but is still undergoing change; a rough timeline can be seen below.
- 1938: Fire Brigades Act 1938. This Act (which is no longer in force) provided for centralised co-ordination of fire brigades in Great Britain and made it mandatory for local authorities to arrange an effective fire service.[4]
- 1947: Fire Services Act 1947 This Act transferred the functions of the National Fire Service to local authorities. Now repealed entirely in England and Wales by Schedule 2 of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004.
- 1959: Fire Services Act 1959 This Act amended the 1947 Act; it dealt with pensions, staffing arrangements and provision of services by other authorities. It was repealed in England and Wales along with the 1947 Act.
- 1999: Greater London Authority Act 1999 This act was necessary to allow for the formation of the Greater London Authority and in turn the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority.
In 2002, there was a series of national fire strikes,[5][6] with much of the discontent caused by the aforementioned report into the fire service conducted by Sir George Bain. In December 2002, the Independent Review of the Fire Service was published with the industrial action still ongoing; it made radical proposals to how the fire service should be organised and managed. Bain's report ultimately led to a change in the laws relating to firefighting.
- 2002: Independent Review of the Fire Service published[7]
- 2004: Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004,[8] generally only applying to England and Wales.
- 2006: The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005[9] This piece of secondary legislation or statutory instrument replaces several other acts that dealt with fire precautions and fire safety in premises, including the now defunct process of issuing fire certificates. It came into force on 1 October 2006.[10] The DfCLG has published a set of guides for non-domestic premises:[2]
- 2006: The Government of Wales Act 2006 gave the National Assembly for Wales powers to pass laws on "Fire and rescue services. [and] Promotion of fire safety otherwise than by prohibition or regulation." but does not prevent future legislation being passed by the UK government which applies to two or more constituent countries.
- 2022: Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022 were introduced, which implement most of the Grenfall Tower Inquiry recommendations. The law came in force from 23 January 2023, and form part of a package of fire safety measures that the UK government delivered following the Grenfell Tower fire to protect the public from potential fire hazards.[11]
There are further plans to modernise the fire service according to the Local Government Association. Its website outlines future changes, and specific projects:
"The aim of the Fire Modernisation Programme is to adopt modern work practices within the Fire & Rescue Service to become more efficient and effective, while strengthening the contingency and resilience of the Service to react to incidents."[12]
Select committee[edit]
The fire service in England and Wales is scrutinised by a select committee of the House of Commons. In June 2006, the fire and rescue service select committee, under the auspices of the Communities and Local Government Committee, published its latest report.
The committee's brief is:
The Communities and Local Government Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department for Communities and Local Government and its associated bodies.[13]
The committee's report, and the subsequent government response in September 2006,[14] are important as they outlined progress on the FiReControl, efforts to address diversity and the planned closure of HMFSI in 2007 among many issues.
Both documents are interesting[clarification needed] as they refer back to Professor Bain's report and the many recommendations it made and continue to put forward the notion that there is an ongoing need to modernise FRSs. For example, where FRSs were historically inspected by HMFSI, much of this work is now carried out by the National Audit Office.
On 8 February 2010, the House of Commons Communities and Local Government Select Committee heard evidence on the Fire Control project.[15] Called to give evidence were Councillors Brian Coleman and James Pearson from the Local Government Association. Also giving evidence Matt Wrack from the Fire Brigades Union and John Bonney Chief Fire Officers Association. The second session heard evidence from Shahid Malik MP Fire Minister, Sir Ken Knight Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser, Shona Dunn Director for Fire and Resilience Department for Communities and Local Government, Robin Southwell CEO and Roger Diggle Project Director EADS. The committee was chaired by Phyllis Starkey MP and attracted significant media attention.[16][17][18][19]
Legislation and administration (England)[edit]
Because of the Government of Wales Act 2006, future legislation might be passed that can only affect England.
Legislation and administration (Northern Ireland)[edit]
Fire and rescue services in Northern Ireland are provided by a single entity, the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service, a Statutory Corporation funded by the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety.
- 1950: When the National Fire Service Northern Ireland was disbanded, three fire authorities took control of firefighting but were unified as the Northern Ireland Fire Authority in 1950.[20] The Fire Services (Amendment) Act (Northern Ireland) 1950 became primary legislation in the same year.
- 2006: Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 S.I. No. 1254 (N.I.9)[21]
Legislation and administration (Scotland)[edit]
Fire services in Scotland are the responsibility of the Cabinet Secretary for Justice in the Scottish Government.[22] Previously the responsibility lay with the Secretary of State for Scotland (the relevant "Secretary of State" referred to in legislation applicable to Scotland).
- 1824: Establishment of municipal fire service in Edinburgh,[23] the first public fire brigade in the UK[24]
- 1885: Creation of Scottish Office transferring administrative (but not legislative) responsibility to Secretary of State for Scotland.
- 1938: Fire Services Act 1938 combined the functions of 185 fire brigades and imposed fire-fighting duties upon local authorities,[25]
- 1941: Fire brigades transferred to National Fire Service (NFS) to form No.11 Region[26]].
- 1947: Fire Services Act 1947 returned fire brigades in Scotland to local authority control,[27] mostly via joint boards. 11 brigades were created[28] resembling somewhat the NFS areas. Section 36 of the Act dealt with its application to Scotland. Parts of the Act remain in force in Scotland.
- 1959: Parts of the UK Fire Services Act 1959 remain in force in Scotland.
- 1996: Creation of additional joint boards consequent to local government re-organisation.
- 1999: Responsibility transfers from Secretary of State for Scotland to the Scottish Executive
- 2002: Consultation Paper: "The Scottish Fire Service of the Future"
- 2003: Consultation Paper: "The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service: legislative proposals".
- 2004: introduction of Fire (Scotland) Bill consequent to 2003 consultation paper.
- 2005: Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 The scope of this act includes a "fire safety regime for non-domestic premises", but it also includes legislation that allows for the provision and operation of fire and rescue services for the eight local authority and joint board FRS in Scotland.[29][30]
- 2012: Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012, creating a single Scottish Fire and Rescue Service with effect from 1 April 2013
Legislation and administration (Wales)[edit]
- 2006 : The Government of Wales Act 2006 gave the National Assembly for Wales powers to pass laws on "Fire and rescue services. [and] Promotion of fire safety otherwise than by prohibition or regulation.".
Government responsibility for fire services[edit]
Central government[edit]
Historically, there had been about 1,600 local authority fire services under the responsibility of the Home Office in England and Wales until World War II. In 1941, the creation of the National Fire Service brought all UK fire brigades under central government control. The National Fire Service was in turn under the auspices of the Civil Defence Service. Post-war legislation returned control to the Northern Ireland Government, the Home Office (for services in England and Wales) and the Secretary of State for Scotland.
The fire service has always been the ultimate responsibility of a government department, historically assisted by an executive agency called His Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate or HMFSI,[31] its function was described thus:
To achieve our vision by education and legislation, in an environment that encourages best practice, equality and diversity, health and safety and best value, and through inspection, to advance the development and continuous improvement of fire brigades.
Directly after the May 2001 general election, control of the fire service in England and Wales passed from the Home Office to the Department for Transport, Local Government and Regions (DTLR). This department was then broken up, creating the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) which took central government responsibility.
In May 2006, the ODPM was re-structured, creating the Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG), and it became the central government department for fire authorities in England,[32][33] but would be advised by a new department under the direction of the Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser. The department became the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) in 2018, and then Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities in September 2021.
Fire service ministers[edit]
The fire service minister is the most senior politician whose brief directly includes fire and rescue issues in England and Wales, other parts of the UK never having had the matter specifically under the control of a UK minister in peacetime. The fire service minister is not part of the prime minister's cabinet. The post is held by a junior minister or Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State who reports to the Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, who takes ultimate responsibility for fire and rescue, but that is part of a much wider brief.
- Michael Gove: Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government
- Stephen Greenhalgh, Baron Greenhalgh: Appointed in 2020 as Minister of State for Fire at MHCLG[34][35]
Previous ministers include:
- Angela Smith: A former spokeswoman for Essex Fire and Rescue
- Jim Fitzpatrick, himself a former firefighter in the London Fire Brigade and FBU representative
- Nick Raynsford the minister in charge when legislative control shifted from the Home Office to the ODPM. Mr Raynsford was also the minister during the 2002/3 national strikes
Regional government[edit]
Below national level, there are regional and local bodies whose role it is to establish a fire authority, implement the legislation from the tier above, while working alongside the relevant HMFSI and other interested bodies.
- Greater London Authority
- London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority (under direct control of Greater London Authority)
- Metropolitan and county fire and rescue services or brigades - see below
The next level beneath that of local authority, is a brigade which usually comes under the operational command of a high ranking senior officer. Traditionally Chief Fire Officers have risen through the ranks from firefighter, although under modernisation plans brigades can now operate graduate entry, and fast track promotion as is already the case with the armed forces and the police. The London Fire Brigade announced details of its graduate scheme in 2007.[36] Chief Fire Officers (CFO) 'speak' collectively via the Chief Fire Officers Association.
- Fire authority: local councillors elected to set policy on its fire and rescue services, and distribute funding, and approve major spending
- Local authority: Chief executive - overall powers for all an authority's functions, including fire, rescue and resilience
- Brigade: Chief Fire Officer (CFO), Brigade Manager, or (in Greater London) Commissioner - overall operational, strategic and command of a brigade or fire and rescue service
CFOs do attend some operational incidents. Hertfordshire's CFO, Roy Wilsher, took command at the Buncefield oil depot fire in 2005, forming part of the gold command team. If a CFO attends an incident, they will usually be the commanding officer of that incident.
Except for the period when the National Fire Service existed, matters concerning fire fighting fell within the remit of the Scottish Office (later the Scottish Executive, now the Scottish Government).[37] In Scotland, His Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate for Scotland (commonly known HMFSI) exists to inspect the fire service to ascertain how they are discharging their functions under relevant legislation. It functions as an autonomous body under the charge of the Justice Ministry of the Scottish Government.[38]
Since 1 April 2013, there has been a single Scottish Fire and Rescue Service in place of the eight former regional services.
Northern Ireland[edit]
Matters concerning fire fighting fell within the remit of the government of Northern Ireland, with two exceptions; the period of the existence of the National Fire Service (Northern Ireland), and the period of direct rule from Westminster when the government of Northern Ireland did not exist.[39][40]
Responsibility for fire and rescue services and promotion of fire safety in Wales lies with the Welsh Government.[41][42]
In England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, fire services are inspected by what was known as the Fire Service Inspectorate. In February 2007, the government announced it was establishing a new unit to provide ministers and civil servants with "independent professional advice on fire and rescue issues". It is headed by a new role known as the Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser. The roles carries the historical function of His Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate. The Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser is also titled His Majesty's Chief Inspector of Fire Services. Its role (among others) is to work towards reducing the number of fire deaths in England and Wales, and implement changes to FRS required by the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004.[43]
In Scotland, the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service is inspected by His Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate for Scotland.
Fire service structure[edit]
FRS or brigade-level[edit]
Brigades are further sub-divided according to local practice as follows:
- Command: Large brigades, such as the London Fire Brigade, are divided into commands
- Area: A brigade or FRS can also be divided into areas, for example London used to consist of five geographical areas: northwest, north, northeast, southwest and southeast
- Divisional: A smaller geographical area, again it can be decided locally; again London until 1986 consisted of eleven divisions
- Borough: Brigades are now aligned with local councils, and because of London's size, its three commands also overlap with the London boroughs, so each borough is a small division. It now has borough teams,[44] and a separate list of stations shows which borough it belongs to.[45]
The following types of work pattern are found at fire stations:
- Wholetime: Firefighters work full-time in on two day and two night shifts within the fire service.
- Day crewed: Firefighters work a 10- to 12-hour day shift and are retained at night.
- Day crew plus: Firefighters work a 24-hour shift consisting of 12 hours in station and spending the night at an accommodation building on the fire station plot.
- Retained: Retained firefighters are on call for long periods to respond to incidents.[46] They are paid a salary for the time they spend on call and a greater amount for each incident they respond to, on average two or three per week. Many have jobs outside of the fire service.
- Volunteer: Volunteer firefighters are now rare, though some stations are run by volunteers in certain rural areas, such as Scotland and North Yorkshire. There are two small fire services that are run entirely by volunteers – the Peterborough Volunteer Fire Brigade[47] and the Borth Voluntary Fire Unit (near Aberystwyth, Wales).[48] These are contracted to provide services for a regular fire service.
Large town fire stations have full-time crews, though many employ retained firefighters as well. Small rural ones are usually staffed only by retained firefighters.
Ranks and roles[edit]
Ranks and roles vary between services, but include:[49]
- Station commander
- Watch commander or watch officer (formerly station officer, still used in the London Fire Brigade)
- Sub-officer
- Crew commander or crew manager (roughly equivalent to the former leading firefighter)
- Firefighter
Former ranks include:
- Divisional officer[50]
The Cabinet Office is responsible for the Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CSS),[51] which provides advice for individuals in case of a major disaster:
"The (web)site provides easily understandable guidance for the general public on how to prepare themselves, their families and their homes and businesses to cope during an emergency or disaster."
Any such emergency or disaster is likely to involve a UK FRS, and the generic term for such contingency plans has become known as resilience[52] The 'Preparing for emergencies website' gives specific government advice on fire safety, specific examples include the summer fire safety campaign, and schools' fire safety guide which are just two examples.[53]
Fire service funding[edit]
In the UK, an FRS generally provides its services for free, although there are some special services that can be charged for, and some additional services that can be paid for. The service is free to the end user in the case of an emergency. Funding for the fire service comes from two principal sources: a central government grant, and a small levy on the local council tax. This levy is called a precept.
There was a 17% reduction in fire service funding between 2010 and 2016, according to the National Audit Office.[54]
The need for modernisation[edit]
In 2002, Professor Sir George Bain was asked by the government to conduct a wide-ranging review of the fire service in the UK. His report, the Independent Review of the Fire Service, led to rapid changes to fire and rescue services, and was the basis of what eventually became the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004. Bain's terms of reference were described in September 2002 as follows:
"Having regard to the changing and developing role of the Fire Service in the United Kingdom, to inquire into and make recommendations on the future organisation and management of the Fire Service..."[55]
Bain's report was unpopular with firefighters, and a long period of industrial action started in 2002 and continued until 2003 when a new pay and conditions package was put together.
One of the areas identified by Bain as being in need of modernisation was FRS approach to fire prevention and community fire safety. There is now more emphasis on fire prevention and providing public information coupled with encouraging businesses and individuals to take responsibility for providing a risk assessment of businesses — which became law in October 2006. Additionally, changes to central government, local government, and geographical boundaries have affected the fire service in the UK.
The fire service in England consists of local authority brigades or FRSs, which come under the administrative control of metropolitan and shire, or county fire authorities (e.g. Essex County Fire and Rescue Service).
Most statutory firefighting bodies consist of a fire authority and brigade, the former responsible for political and administrative aspects of service provision and the latter for delivering it. For example, Oxfordshire County Council is responsible for Oxfordshire Fire and Rescue Service. The armed forces, private fire brigades and airports all make their own firefighting provision.
Another area identified in Bain's report was the FRS' capacity to respond to major incidents. Bain's review stated that the fire service should have specific responsibilities for: "Emergency preparedness coupled with the capacity and resilience to respond to major incidents of terrorism and other chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear threats".[55] In England and Wales, three projects are being rolled out that will help the FRS deal with incidents like these. The projects come under the umbrella of the Fire Resilience programme. The programme will provide the FRS with a far greater resilience and control to handle all types of incident.
In 2010, firefighters from across the UK and European Union held an urban search and rescue exercise near Portsmouth. Exercise Orion simulated rescuing survivors from buildings and bridges which had collapsed during an earthquake.[56]
New Dimension[edit]
New Dimension was the first Fire Resilience project to be implemented. It provided FRSs with a wide range of equipment and vehicles to help deal with major challenges like floods and terrorist attacks.
FireLink is the new digital FRS wide area communications system in England, Scotland and Wales. The FRS use wide area radios to communicate between vehicles and control rooms but there has never been a fully compatible system. FireLink is more efficient and provides greater resilience for command and control. The fire service's ability to communicate efficiently, across different brigades and with other emergency services has never been easy. The issue was raised by Sir Desmond Fennell, who conducted the public inquiry into the King's Cross fire in 1987. Fennell recommended when his report was published in 1988 that fireground communications be addressed as an issue of "high importance".[57]
Prof Bain's report highlighted many areas of proposed change that include working practices, shift hours and time spent on fire prevention duties. One of the proposals which is now well under way is the reduction of fire service control rooms.
At present, each of England's 45 (the number FRS was reduced from 46 in April 2007 with the merger of Devon and Somerset FRSs[58]) FRSs handles its own calls from either the 999 system or mobile phone companies. Additionally, calls are accepted from the other emergency services by dedicated landlines. The FiReControl project planned to build nine new purpose-built Regional Control Centres (RCCs). The aim was to rationalise call handling and aim for greater communication between the emergency services.
At present, 999 calls - whether by mobile telephone or landline - are answered by a BT operator, who feeds the call to a fire, police, ambulance, or coastguard Emergency Control Centre as required. Staff, known as control operators or control officers, also despatch the fire appliances, maintain radio communications and provide detailed risk and geographical information. These operators are employed by a FRS, wear a similar uniform to firefighters, and have their own rank structure. The role of specialist fire officers and control operators overlaps where they work jointly in control or command centres, but the subject of mobilising, command and control would change as the FiReControl project advances.
Following much local resistance, and change of government, the FiReControl project was abandoned in 2010. No new control rooms were opened.
Fire safety[edit]
- See separate article History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom
Historically fire safety was a function of local authorities rather than the fire service however in 1947 the introduction of the Fire Services Act gave the Fire Brigades their first responsibilities for fire safety. The Fire Precautions Act 1971, the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 and the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 gave more powers to the service.
Today, the modernisation of the UK fire service has taken into account the role that it plays in fire safety issues and that issue is high on the agenda of most fire and rescue services. Many brigades started to produce Integrated Management Plans (IMP) to take into account these new responsibilities and produced plans for not only fire safety in the workplace but also in the community. Now all fire and rescue services have community based fire safety departments.
The Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 now lays out in Section 6 what the fire service must do. It states that a fire and rescue authority must make provision for the purpose of promoting fire safety in its area and this must include the provision of information, publicity and encouragement in respect of the steps to be taken to prevent fires and death or injury by fire not only by the enforcement of specific fire safety legislation, but also by a proactive strategy targeted at all sections of the community.
Fire safety statistics in the UK[edit]
Fires and fire fatalities have dropped significantly in the UK over the past ten years as seen in the graphs to the right.[59]
Incident reporting[edit]
Information about each fire incident is collected by each FRS to DCLG standards. The reporting standards include the following parameters:[60]
- Primary or secondary fire - primary fires involve damage to property with an identifiable owner and are coded FDR1. Secondary fires do not and are coded FDR3.
- Accidental or deliberate fire
- Occupancy of dwellings for accidental residential fires: Single Occupancy; Multiple Occupancy (Same); Multiple Occupancy (Different; No Occupancy
- Deliberate secondary fires involving rubbish: domestic wheelie bins; commercial/business refuse bins; fixed/street litter bins; refuse /litter in the open.
- The involvement of children, youths or adults
- The registration plate details where available in relation to vehicle fires
- Identified building names and street locations
Public fire and rescue services[edit]
- Avon Fire and Rescue Service
- Bedfordshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Royal Berkshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Buckinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Cleveland Fire Brigade
- Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service
- County Durham and Darlington Fire and Rescue Service
- Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service
- Derbyshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service (new FRS created by merger in 2007)
- Dorset and Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service (new FRS created by merger in 2016)
- East Sussex Fire and Rescue Service
- Essex County Fire and Rescue Service
- Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service
- Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service
- Hampshire & Isle of Wight Fire and Rescue Service (new FRS created by merger in 2021)
- Hereford and Worcester Fire and Rescue Service
- Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Humberside Fire and Rescue Service
- Isles of Scilly Fire and Rescue Service
- Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service
- Kent Fire and Rescue Service
- Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service
- Lincolnshire Fire and Rescue Service
- London Fire Brigade
- Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service
- Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service
- Northamptonshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Northumberland Fire and Rescue Service
- North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Nottinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Oxfordshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Shropshire Fire and Rescue Service
- South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service
- Suffolk Fire and Rescue Service
- Surrey Fire and Rescue Service
- Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service
- Warwickshire Fire and Rescue Service
- West Midlands Fire Service
- West Sussex Fire and Rescue Service
- West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service
See also: Fire Gateway clickable map of fire and rescue services in England [3]
Northern Ireland[edit]
Northern Ireland has had a single statutory fire service since 1950.
See also: History of fire brigades in Northern Ireland
Scotland has also had a single statutory fire service since 1 April 2013, with its headquarters in Cambuslang.
See also: History of fire brigades in Scotland
Wales saw a reduction in the number of fire brigades on local government reorganisation in 1996, from eight (the number of former administrative counties) to three, made up of groups of the new principal areas.
Crown Dependencies[edit]
Although not part of the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies fire and rescue services operate in close cooperation with, and to the same standards as, the UK fire and rescue services. They are:
- Jersey Fire and Rescue Service
- Guernsey Fire and Rescue Service
- Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service
Other UK fire and rescue services[edit]
There are several specialised and private FRSs in the United Kingdom.
Airport fire services[edit]
Private airport fire services in the UK protect all categories of airports and aerodromes. They are usually referred to as rescue and firefighting services. One of the biggest aviation fire services is operated by BAA.[61][62] Non-BAA airports operate their own fire services to comply with legislation which states that airports must be provided with RFFS. One such example is London City Airport; its website describes the principal objective of an airport fire and rescue service: "as to save lives in the event of an aircraft accident or incident".[63] The number and type of firefighting appliances based at an airport will be determined by the airport's category.[64] Airports in the UK are categorised from 1 to 10. A category 10 airport caters for the biggest aircraft; the standards are determined by the Civil Aviation Authority.
Defence Fire and Rescue Service[edit]
The Ministry of Defence operates its own fire and rescue organisation. Originally this consisted of a civilian fire service known as the "Defence Fire Service" and the RAF Firefighting and Rescue Service. They were known collectively as the Ministry of Defence Fire Services, but in 2004 were formed into the Defence Fire and Rescue Service. This also includes private contractors brought in to protect sites such as small defence establishments.
The DFRS is the largest non geographical or local authority FRS in the UK, though the training, rank structure and equipment used are similar to that operated by their local authority fire service counterparts.
As a general rule the RAF personnel cover runways or airfields with particular expertise in defusing aircraft munitions,[65] with the civilians covering domestic sites, but there were cross overs and both services could be called to airfield and domestic situations.
Both RAF and defence personnel can serve abroad both in peacetime and at war.
Fire services protecting royal properties[edit]
Several state properties, including royal residences and the Palace of Westminster, are protected by their own fire services in the interests of protecting sites of heritage and royal importance. The Royal Household Fire Service is responsible for firefighting at Royal properties.
Private and industrial FRS[edit]
Some large factories operate their own private or industrial fire services to protect their interests and provide a first attack capability until local authority fire crews arrive.
These companies often combine fire and medical response under the banner of "Plant Protection" BMW and Jaguar Land Rover are two examples of factories with this provision.
Civil nuclear[edit]
Sellafield and all operational nuclear power station operators have their own on-site fire service which is required by law under site nuclear licensing conditions.
Some large ports have their own fire service, such as Felixstowe.
Event fire safety services[edit]
Several private event fire safety units operate in the UK at major events such as air shows, regattas, concerts and on film sets. They sometimes use the services of off-duty fire fighters and emergency personnel to provide fire cover at outdoor events. The cover normally consists of one or two standard fire appliances with perhaps a rapid response or control vehicle.
A smaller number of companies offer complex event fire safety packages for large events or civil contingencies, including the provision of specialist off-road fire appliances, dedicated pump rescue ladders and other technical and specialist vehicles. Their roles are to provide a niche response where the fire services have no legal obligation or the specialist vehicles required for the high risk category.
See also[edit]
- ^ Department for Communities and Local Government: Fire and Resilience (accessed 08 Dec 06) Archived 4 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "UK Government spending" (PDF). p. 69.
- ^ "About the NFCC". National Fire Chiefs Council. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ Scottish Government, St Andrew's House (29 April 2002). "The Scottish Fire Service of The Future". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Countdown to fire strike". 13 November 2002. Retrieved 25 March 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "In pictures: Fire strike in London". 14 November 2002. Retrieved 25 March 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ FRS Online (accessed 02 Sep 07) links to full report PDF: Independent Review of the Fire Service pub Dec 2002 Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Legislation.gov.uk". www.opsi.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005". www.opsi.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005". www.opsi.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "New fire safety regulations come into force in England". GOV.UK. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ "LGA: Fire Service Modernisation". Archived from the original on 16 August 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "House of Commons Communities & Local Govt Committee Fire & Rescue Service, Fourth Report of Session 2005–06, Volume I: introduction" (PDF). Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Government Response to the Communities & Local Government Committee's Report on the Fire and Rescue Service, 29 September 2006, TSO" (PDF). Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "FiReControl - Communities and Local Government Committee Contents". UK Parliament. 8 February 2010. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ "FILE ON 4" (PDF). BBC. 2 March 2010. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ "FBU denounces failing fire control project as 'the worst ever'". tribunemagazine.co.uk. 19 March 2010. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ "Blast for 999 centre delays". Manchester Evening News. 1 April 2010. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ "FRS Circular 3/2010 - Fire and Resilience Programme Highlights - January/February 2010". department of communities and local government. 26 February 2010. Archived from the original on 6 June 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Fire authority: A brief history, by Bill Broadhurst & Harry Welsh (accessed 18 May 07)". Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2007.
- ^ "Explanatory Memorandum to Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006". www.opsi.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Scottish Executive - Justice - Fire". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "General History". Archived from the original on 1 October 2006.
- ^ Fire Service History Archived 7 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Scottish Executive - The Scottish Fire service". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "NFS". Archived from the original on 1 October 2006.
- ^ "Scottish Executive - The Scottish Fire Service". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Fire Service pay". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2007.
- ^ "Scottish Executive (Justice) Fire Safety (accessed 19 feb 07)". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Fire (Scotland) Act 2005". www.opsi.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ Dept for Communities and Local Govt, HMFSI Archived 5 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Dept for Communities and Local Government Archived 4 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Fire prevention and rescue – GOV.UK". www.fire.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Minister of State". Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government and Home Office. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ Brokenshire, James (17 June 2020). "Response to the National Fire Chiefs Council and the Fire Services Management Committee (accessible version)". Home Office. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ "London Fire Brigade: Graduates (accessed 03 Jul 07)". Archived from the original on 8 July 2007. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "HMFSI: Scottish Executive". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Scottish Executive: Justice Her Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate for Scotland (accessed 30 May 07)". Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Northern Ireland Assembly". Archived from the original on 21 August 2003. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Home Page - Northern Ireland Fire & Rescue Service". Northern Ireland Fire & Rescue Service. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ Schedule 7 Government of Wales Act 2006
- ^ "Welsh Government - Topics". new.wales.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ Department for Communities and Local Government, News Release 022, New Advisory Unit for Fire and Rescue Services to be Set Up, 8 February 2007
- ^ "LFEPA London Fire Brigade, Borough teams". Archived from the original on 5 November 2002. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ LFEPA London Fire Brigade A to Z of fire stations Archived 12 December 2004 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Retained Firefighters - UK Fire Service Resources". Fireservice.co.uk.
- ^ "Peterborough Volunteers Fire Brigade". www.cambsfire.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Borth - Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service". www.mawwfire.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Ranks and roles in the Service". Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service.
- ^ "UK Firesafe Organisation". Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
- ^ "HM Government, Cabinet Office/CSS 'Preparing for Emergencies'". Archived from the original on 1 October 2006. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "HM Government, Cabinet Office: UK Resilience". Archived from the original on 9 September 2006. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "HM Government, 'Preparing for emergencies', Fire Safety". Archived from the original on 16 August 2006. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ Cuts undermining fire services, says Fire Brigades Union BBC
- ^ a b "Independent Review of the Fire Service, online press release 20 Sep 2002, Independent review starts into pay and modernisation of the Fire Service, Accessed 25 Sep 2006". Archived from the original on 1 October 2006. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ Duemmel, Bob (26 February 2011). "Exercise Orion 2010". Firehouse. Endeavor Business Media. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ [Dept of Transport, Investigation into the King's Cross Underground Fire, pub HMSO, November 1988]
- ^ "Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service web (accessed 2 Sep 07". Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Fire Statistics Monitor: England April 2014 to March 2015" (PDF).
- ^ "Help Centre". Archived from the original on 23 December 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
- ^ "Heathrow: Corporate site - Our company, your airport". www.baa.com. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Heathrow: Corporate site - Our company, your airport". www.baa.com. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "London City Airport Consultative Committee, Fire and Rescue Service (accessed 16 Feb 2007)". Archived from the original on 21 February 2007. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Fire Service: Aviation firefighting (accessed 12 Oct 07)". Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
- ^ "RAF Recruitment - Home". www.raf.mod.uk. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
External links[edit]
- Media related to Firefighting in the United Kingdom at Wikimedia Commons
- Website of the National Fire Chiefs Council


text:
Black magic is the negative use of energies and power by the Evil and wicked humans
in this age which is also known as Kali Yuga. The main purpose in these peoples
lives is to harm or destroy others.Black magic can be a solutions for you, to get
back your love. India best vashikaran specialist kochi, black magic specialist kochi, best astrologer kochi, online astrologer kochi, best jyotish kochi.
Pt. Anil Joshi Diamond - Gold Medalist for Best Astrologer India, India No 1 Astrologer Black Magic in Kochi, Mobile: +91 94289 14073
Pandit Ji has expert knowledge and command over almost every topic which is of interest and importance for an individual such as marital compatibility, profession, financial stability, love life.He provides solutions to any kind of problems, such as Family Problems, Childless, Education, Business, Enemy Problems , Love, Black Magic Spells etc.. vashikaran specialist in india, black magic specialist in india, love problem solution in india, best astrologer in india, no 1 astrologer in india, online astrologer in india, best jyotish in india, india vashikaran specialist
Putting a Black Magic Spell on someone is very easy for those who know little bit of Tantrik siddhis. But to remove the spell and eliminate its bad effects needs a lot of experience , continuty and regular puja/worship and a combination Siddhis & Sadhna And Pandit Ji is Expert in Breaking or Reversing Black Magic Spells and does it for you. kochi vashikaran specialist, kochi black magic specialist, kochi love problem solution, kochi best astrologer, kochi no 1 astrologer, kochi online astrologer, kochi best jyotish, vashikaran specialist kochi, black magic specialist kochi, love problem solution kochi, best astrologer kochi, no 1 astrologer kochi, online astrologer kochi, best jyotish kochi
Love Problem
Love Breakup
Business Problem
|No1 India Astrologer Black Magic Specialist in Kochi, India.
One Side Love
Visa Problem
Vastu Shashtra
Palmistry Expert
|Best Black Magic Specialist in Kochi, India.
Kundli matching
It was getting hard to get married with the love of my life. But Pandit Ji solved our problem and now I am happily married and our families, very happy. More
We are Techniqus are real and very powerful. They can also destroy any type Black Magic, Hex, Curse, Jinx etc and can change your sad life into a happy and succesful one. So need a technique Contact me and I will cast powerful spell for you.
Bank : State Bank Of India
Branch : Pragatinagar Ahmedabad
IFSC Code : SBIN0018079
Name : Anil A. Joshi
Account No : 20076638763
Address : 14/158, Darsan Appartment
Near Telephone Exchange
Narayanapura, Ahmedabad
Contact No : +91 94289 14073
E-Mail Id : email@example.com
India The Best Astrologer!
|Black Magic in Agra
|Black Magic in Ahmedabad
|Black Magic in Allahabad
|Black Magic in Amritsar
|Black Magic in Aurangabad
|Black Magic in Bengaluru
|Black Magic in Bhopal
|Black Magic in Bhubaneswar
|Black Magic in Chandigarh
|Black Magic in Chennai
|Black Magic in Coimbatore
|Black Magic in Dehradun
|Black Magic in Dhanbad
|Black Magic in Faridabad
|Black Magic in Gurugram
|Black Magic in Guwahati
|Black Magic in Hyderabad
|Black Magic in Indore
|Black Magic in Jaipur
|Black Magic in Jamshedpur
|Black Magic in Kanpur
|Black Magic in Kochi
|Black Magic in Kolkata
|Black Magic in Lucknow
|Black Magic in Ludhiana
|Black Magic in Mangalore
|Black Magic in Meerut
|Black Magic in Mumbai
|Black Magic in Mysore
|Black Magic in Nagpur
|Black Magic in New Delhi
|Black Magic in Noida
|Black Magic in Patna
|Black Magic in Pune
|Black Magic in Raipur
|Black Magic in Ranchi
|Black Magic in Shimla
|Black Magic in Surat
|Black Magic in Thiruvananthapuram
|Black Magic in Tiruchirappalli
|Black Magic in Varanasi
|Black Magic in Vijayawada


text:
The domain name oahulani.com is available for purchase.
Take advantage of this opportunity now by filling out the form on the rightbelow for an instant price quotation.
Call 1-855-538-8880 or fill out this form now for an instant price quotation.
We want you to be completely satisfied with your purchase. When you buy direct from us we will Guarantee your purchase for 1 year.
If you are not 100% satisfied with your new domain name you may return it for a full refund within the first 12 months after purchase.


text:
Germantown PikeLafayette Hill, PA
Current Status: Virtual Only Meeting
Sex & Love Addicts Anonymous is a fellowship of men and women who solve their common problem and help others to recover.
The Greater Delaware Valley Intergroup (GDVI) of The Augustine Fellowship of Sex & Love Addicts Anonymous (S.L.A.A.)
S.L.A.A.-GDVI: Serving Philadelphia/Southeastern/Lehigh Valley Pennsylvania, Southern New Jersey, and the State of Delaware.
The S.L.A.A.-GDVI does not speak for all of S.L.A.A. This website is not the official S.L.A.A.
Fellowship-Wide Services (F.W.S.) website. We are autonomous except in matters affecting other
Groups or S.L.A.A. as a whole. The F.W.S. website can be located here - http://www.slaafws.org


text:
Dress Topsoul - Polka Dot Blue
$30.00 $79.00
Looking for that one versatile style then look no further. Topsoul has split sleeves and waist tie and can be worn as a dress with or top and can even worn over swimwear the options are endless.
- This product is made from 100% Rayon and is machine washable
- Available in size XS-S-M-L-XL.
- Model wearing size S
- For more information or help with sizing please email firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Advanced Search
Sweden's government presented plan to allow defense intelligence agency to monitor e-mail traffic and phone calls crossing the nation's borders.
The government insists only a fraction of the electronic communications
will be affected, but critics worry the program, designed to combat terrorism
and other threats to national security, is too far-reaching.
Their concerns resemble criticism of a U.S. surveillance program launched
in 2001 that monitors international phone calls and e-mails to or from
the United States involving people suspected by the government of having
terrorist links.
The American Civil Liberties Union sued the National Security Agency
last year on behalf of journalists, scholars and lawyers who say the project
has made it difficult for them to do their jobs because they believe many
of their overseas contacts are likely targets of the surveillance.
The Swedish proposal, which needs parliamentary approval, would give
the National Defence Radio Establishment a green-light to use so-called
data mining software to search for sensitive keywords in all phone and
e-mail communication passing through cables or wires across the country's
Today, such traffic can only be monitored with court approval if police
suspect a crime, although the agency is already free to spy on airborne
signals, such as radio and satellite traffic.
European governments have gradually been expanding their surveillance
powers, wiretapping rules and police search powers as part of efforts
to unravel terror plots.
But the Swedish proposal is among the most far-reaching when it comes
to intercepting e-mail traffic.
The Dutch secret service can monitor e-mail in specific cases, but does
not have a mandate to conduct blanket monitoring of international traffic.
In Britain, e-mails can only be intercepted with a warrant signed by
a secretary of state, and the intercepted communications cannot be used
in court.
Sweden's center-right government says it's only interested in international
traffic, and that e-mails and phone calls between Swedes will be filtered
"This is about mapping situations so that we in Sweden will be able
to fulfill what is one of the most central tasks for a government: protecting
the country and its own citizens," Defense Minister Mikael Odenberg
However, critics say it is impossible to make such guarantees, as e-mails
sent between two colleagues in the same office are often routed via a
server abroad and could end up in the military's hands.
"They're going from fishing with a hook to fishing with a net,"
said Par Strom, a spokesman for The New Welfare Foundation, a civil liberties
think tank. "We are crossing a very fundamental border."
Even Sweden's security police, SAPO, has criticized the proposal, saying
it violates personal integrity.
Opposition politicians from the Green and Left parties say they will
fight the bill when it comes to a vote in Parliament later this year.
The main opposition Social Democrats said they had not yet decided how
to vote.
"We're going to evaluate whether there are enough guarantees to
safeguard people's integrity," said Thomas Bodstrom, justice minister
in the previous Social Democratic government. "The other issue is,
do we want to change society so that the military gets a completely new
role when it comes to fighting crime?"
Microsoft has improved the remediation process when users authenticating via on-premises methods are deemed to be at risk by the Microsoft Entra ID Protection service, per a Thursday announcement.
As Microsoft's new AI assistant gets into more hands this week, let's break down some of my impressions.
Microsoft on Wednesday gave notice that its Exchange Online e-mail tamper protections are planned for completion in 2024, which may entail some backend changes by IT departments.
Azure Automation provide IT with the ways to make their jobs more interesting. Got a task you're sick of doing? Automate it away!
The new update, rolling out for some, includes a preview of Microsoft's AI-powered Windows Copilot.
Subscribe on YouTube
More Summits
More Webcasts
More Tech Library


text:
Phoenix Steroid Lawyers
Call 24 Hour Cell Today 800-270-8184
Arrested For Buying or Selling Steroids In Phoenix
Dealing With Steroids and HGH Charges In Phoenix
We handle all types of steroid criminal defense issues and cases in Phoenix from the distribution of steroids in Phoenix to buying anabolic steroids in Phoenix to buying and selling human growth hormones (HGH) in Phoenix. We have handled major steroid drug distribution cases in and around the city of Phoenix as well as successfully defended illegal steroid manufacturing and distribution steroid houses in Phoenix.
About Our Phoenix Steroid Defense Lawyers
Wise Laws has federal criminal defense lawyers who specialize in steroid defense cases around the city of Phoenix ranging from minor possession to large-scale steroid distribution rings in Phoenix. Our experience includes federal drug cases of all types form steroids to meth to cocaine but he spends a lot of time practicing with cases dealing in the realm of performance enhancing substances and anabolic steroids as well SERMs, SARMS, Sermorelin Acetate, GHRP-6, GHRP-2, IGF-1 LR3, Pramipexole HCL, Isotretinoin, Tamoxifen Citrate, Clomiphine Citrate, AROMATASE INHIBITORS, Anastrozole, Letrozole, Exemestane, GW-501516, BETA AGONISTS, Liothyronine Sodium, Clenbuterol HCL, 5-ALPHA REDUCTASE BLOCKERS, Finasteride, ENZYME INHIBITORS, Sildenafil Citrate, Tadalafil Citrate. Steroid distribution / selling cases in Phoenix raise unique questions, issues, laws, and approaches that other types of drug cases in Phoenix do not raise. Wise Laws federal criminal defense lawyers have a distinct knowledge of those unique features and it is what separates them from other criminal defense attorneys that handle steroid and HGH distribution and manufacturing cases as if they were normal drug cases in Phoenix. Not every criminal defense lawyer in Phoenix can offer the experience and knowledge to defend you in a steroid selling, manufacturing and distribution case with steroid charges.
Phoenix Steroid Possession vs Phoenix Steroid Trafficking
The main difference from being charged with anabolic steroid possession in Phoenix versus being charged with possession of anabolic steroids with intent to distribute steroids can be the difference from getting probation compared to many years in jail or prison. With general drugs like cocaine and weed, it is easy to determine the use for personal versus selling based upon the weight amount, but steroid users do not follow the same sets of weights that those users do, so many steroid users in Phoenix get charged with selling rather than simple possession.
Steroid possession of what seems like large quantity of HGH and or anabolic steroid in Phoenix allows the Phoenix prosecutors to determine that you were engaging in distribution and selling steroids as well when the reality it may have been just personal use. This is a mistake that can be pointed out by an experienced defense attorney in Phoenix regards steroid cases. Steroid users purchase in large amounts as opposed to cocaine users. This pertains to other chemicals besides steroids such as SERMs, SARMS, Sermorelin Acetate, GHRP-6, GHRP-2, IGF-1 LR3, Pramipexole HCL, Isotretinoin, Tamoxifen Citrate, Clomiphine Citrate, AROMATASE INHIBITORS, Anastrozole, Letrozole, Exemestane, GW-501516, BETA AGONISTS, Liothyronine Sodium, Clenbuterol HCL, 5-ALPHA REDUCTASE BLOCKERS, Finasteride, ENZYME INHIBITORS, Sildenafil Citrate, Tadalafil Citrate (research chemicals).
Federal Sentencing Steroid Distribution Charges In Phoenix
Many Phoenix lawyers believe that, under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for steroid cases, there is not much room for the defense lawyer to advocate for his client that is charged with steroid distribution. These ineffective steroid defense lawyers approach sentencing in federal court, not as an opportunity to affect the outcome in a positive way for his client; but, rather, as an exercise in arithmetic. Their approach goes no further than to explain the sentencing guideline calculation to the client. Nothing could be less helpful to the defendant in a steroid distribution case.


text:
Health Care for Immigrant Families: Current Policies and Issues
Low-income immigrant children are less likely than their U.S.-born citizen counterparts to see a doctor even when they are insured. Similarly, immigrant adults are less likely to use emergency rooms than low-income natives. This report examines health care coverage and usage among immigrants and the U.S. born.
The report finds that low-income immigrant children with private or public health care insurance were significantly less likely to visit a doctor's office during 2010 than their native-born counterparts – 44 percent versus 69 percent for children with private coverage, and 62 percent versus 71.5 percent for children with public coverage. Overall, whether insured or uninsured, 47 percent of low-income immigrant children reported visiting a doctor's office during 2010 compared to 69 percent of U.S.-born children.
Regarding adult health care usage, the report finds that immigrant adults had lower rates of doctor's office and even emergency room visits. Analysis of Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data showed that 8 percent of low-income immigrant adults overall reported an emergency room visit during 2010, compared to 13 percent of their native-born peers; for those who were uninsured, the rate was 6 percent for immigrants and 14 percent of the native born. And for adults with public insurance coverage, the rate was 17 percent for immigrants and 25 percent for their U.S.-born peers.
I. Introduction
II. Health Insurance Coverage in the United States
III. Access to Health Care
IV. Language Barriers
V. Immigration Reform and Health Care
A. Health Insurance
B. Health Care Access
C. Reducing Language Barriers
VI. Issues for Future Consideration


text:
Description: Help Wolverine to escape from the M.R.D. facility using Nitro's explosion as his advantage. Try to escape from the facility without being detected by the security cameras around. Kill all the robot guards and reach the exit in each level as quickly as possible to score higher points. Use the left and right arrow keys to move, up arrow to jump or climb on the ceiling, down arrow to jump down or crouch, press spacebar button to attack, open doors or activate security panels. The game has 10 levels to win and 10 achievements to unlock.
Instructions: Follow instruction inside the game.


text:
WorldWide Antimalaria Resistance Network Customer Story
A global collaborative project driven by the needs of malaria-affected countries and guided by scientific evidence.
They generate quality-assured, timely information to track the emergence and spread of drug resistance in malaria, and support and serve the global malaria community through provision of data resources, research tools and a global forum for exchange of scientific and public health information.
WWARN was planned and developed by a group of scientists from over 50 institutions and 28 countries.
Their Regional Centres play a central strategic outreach role within malaria-affected communities, and with offices in multiple locations around the globe, WWARN are helping to build sustainable, local expertise.
The Challenge
With regional offices in Southeast Asia, East and West Africa, the key aim of WWARN is to allow sharing of data between different Research Units across the world in order to build up a global picture of the emergence and spread of antimalaria drug resistance. In order to track the spread effectively, WWARN needed to be able to process donated studies at one of the regional centres.
With this in mind, the initial project was to set up an advanced global system which could be accessed from WWARN's offices worldwide to upload processed studies and content from any of the malaria-endemic countries around the globe.
The challenge set by WWARN was to create a flexible workflow solution for the upload, validation and verification of these studies, and which could be used to build advanced workflows.
The group had several further specific requirements within this, including the ability to customise content relationships and metadata, and to search and filter within both content files and metadata. The user interface needed to be customisable and extensible, with the capability of displaying workflow dialogs and metadata forms.
WWARN considered carefully what they would ideally need from a workflow solution, and came up with a list of requirements:
- Flexible workflow solution that can be used to build advanced workflows
- Custom content metadata
- Custom content relationships
- Metadata search feature
- Extensible user interface that can display custom workflow dialogs and custom metadata forms
- Search within content files
- Filter search result on specific type of data file
- Support from large community
The Approach
Alfresco was chosen due to its very flexible and customisable platform, which is extensible on both the repository level and the user interface level. Alfresco also comes with JBOSS jBPM, a fully integrated workflow engine for building advanced workflows, which was very important for the WWARN project. Another positive factor was the high level of support available from the Alfresco open-source community. Alfresco was leveraged and integrated with WWARN's existing custom document upload system via CMIS, which enables sending of document information between CMS systems in a standard way. Ixxus worked in conjunction with WWARN to create a proof-of-concept solution with a custom advanced workflow for Clinical Studies. A custom content model was also built, to describe the content, and the relationships between content, in this domain. Ixxus configured the user interface to display both the custom clinical workflow and the custom model for the domain. Ixxus also customised the content upload dialog so it was possible to set up relationships between content whilst content was being uploaded.
The Solution
WWARN's existing system was built around XML, and was used to submit and upload studies from research facilities around the world. WWARN required a method to take all of the study files which they were uploading, and put these into a Content Management System (CMS) in order to benefit from the built-in search capabilities, including the ability to search and filter within content files and metadata.
After an initial investigation using Share, Ixxus decided it was better to use a regular folder structure in the repository instead of using collaboration sites as only document content was going to be handled. Share was integrated into WWARN's own system using CMIS as a standard interface, so that the existing WWARN user interface (UI) could be used to specify study files and upload them to Alfresco via CMIS.
WWARN were also using an online portal single sign-on, and Alfresco was required to integrate with this user directory. Ixxus successfully integrated the two, with the result that wherever users are, they can also access Alfresco via the portal.
Ixxus' approach to the CMS itself was to split each study into its own individual folder structure within Alfresco. Whenever the WWARN UI is used to upload files via CMIS to the Alfresco repository, a new study folder is automatically created. Ixxus implemented a custom content model allowing users to search on custom metadata such as "Study ID" and to search on custom study types such as "Data Dictionary" and "Data File". WWARN needed to be able to search specific files and study folders, so to do this Ixxus extended the advanced search functionality within Alfresco to allow it to search more specifically.
Within the existing system used by WWARN, there were a great deal of implicit workflows which were handled manually and without automation, resulting in inefficient use of time and resources. Ixxus coordinated with one of WWARN's specialists in order to study which manual processes could be converted into an automated workflow, then used this information to build and implement a clinical study workflow within Alfresco. Whenever a new study is created via CMIS, an automated advanced custom workflow process is initiated, ensuring that study files are checked, audited, validated and verified (by curators, data managers etc). Reminders were also built into the workflow to ensure that people were alerted when they'd forgotten to carry out a task.
Because there is concern that resistance to the gold standard antimalarial drug combination is spreading, speed, efficiency and global accessibility were the most essential elements to bear in mind when designing this document management and business process management system.
By automating workflow processes, WWARN have been freed up from a lot of administrative tasks, making the process of managing and sharing study data far more efficient and less time-consuming. Teams in different parts of the globe are able to easily process and share study data to the same cloud storage system, enabling them to access essential information quickly and with little effort in order to carry out research studies and draw wider conclusions about the spread of drug resistance to malaria; knowledge which is of pivotal importance in the battle against the disease.
With its inbuilt reminders, the system has made the processes of uploading and checking study content a lot more efficacious and accurate. Groups were implemented so that data managers are alerted to new tasks popping up (check study, etc) and can carry out the task themselves, or leave it to another data manager to do if they don't have time. This means that workload can be shared more efficiently and tasks completed sooner. The workflow system implemented by Ixxus was for clinical studies only; this has been extended to other study types by the WWARN team.
Integration of Alfresco with the user directory meant that no matter where they were when they signed in online via the portal, they would automatically have access to Alfresco. This provided a valuable streamlining of the log-in process.
Ixxus worked with WWARN's highly skilled team, providing them with full training in how to use the new CMS system and also how to use the build system provided by Ixxus in order to develop further customizations. The processes and workflows themselves are now fully managed and maintained by WWARN.


text:
Pop culture's most famous pirate makes his return later this month, in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides. The cast and crew told us what's in store for Captain Jack — and whether he might do a fifth movie.
We attended yesterday's press conference, in which returning stars Johnny Depp and Geoffrey Rush and producer Jerry Bruckheimer were joined by new director Rob Marshall and cast members Penelope Cruz, Ian McShane, Sam Claflin, and Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey. Here's a mostly spoiler-free recap of what was discussed, although there are a few vague hints in here about what happens to one of the characters.
Writing On Stranger Tides
Producer Jerry Bruckheimer explained that buying the rights to Tim Powers's 1987 book On Stranger Tides, from which the movie is loosely adapted, gave writer Ted Rossio new ideas and offered a new way to think about the Pirates universe. When asked whether they had learned any lessons from the negative response to the previous sequels Dead Man's Chest and World's End, Bruckheimer went on the defensive, pointing out both films made about a billion dollars worldwide and claiming the the media didn't understand those movies as well as the audience did.
That said, he acknowledged that with the trilogy now complete and its various characters' stories paid off, they were able to start over with a story that wasn't as complicated, focusing just on the core characters of the series. Bruckheimer observed that "screenplays are hard" and that it was important they took the time to get the script right, which is part of the reason for the four-year gap between between World's End and On Stranger Tides.
The cast and crew all credited Johnny Depp for his input during the writing process. Director Rob Marshall said it was Depp's idea to bring the Spanish faction into the movie as a counterpoint to Ponce de Leon's original expedition to the Fountain of Youth. Entire characters were added at Depp's request - Jerry Bruckheimer said Sam Claflin's hunky missionary character was created by Depp, while Geoffrey Rush revealed that it was Depp who insisted Captain Barbossa return as Jack Sparrow's adversary-turned-ally.
Finding a New Director
With the departure of original Pirates director Gore Verbinski, On Stranger Tides marks the debut of Rob Marshall, who is best known for his musical work both on Broadway and in the films Chicago and Nine. Marshall admitted that this is a very different genre from his usual comfort zone, although he said that he quickly found overlaps between his earlier musical and this action adventure romp.
In particular, he explained that action sequences are essentially analogous to musical choreography, and that they have a similar rhythm to them. The artifice and heightened reality of big musical dance numbers served him well in creating the larger-than-life action sequences in On Stranger Tides. He also credited Johnny Depp's ability to see his required movements and learn it all in seconds, comparing him to Fred Astaire in that regard, even if Depp swears that he can't dance.
For his part, Depp observed that some directors shoot the entire movie in their head before filming even begins, but that wasn't Rob Marshall's approach. Instead, he said Marshall hears the rhythms and tempo of the movie and uses that knowledge to inform his direction.
Casting Pirates
On Stranger Tides adds a bunch of new characters to the series, but none loom larger than Penelope Cruz's Angelica and Ian McShane's Blackbeard. McShane called his character the biggest badass of all pirates, something that was helped by the "leather biker rocker pirate" outfit he wore, as well as his "extraordinary beard", complete with burning candles (which is based on something the actual Blackbeard supposedly did). When his most iconic villain, Deadwood's Al Swearengen, was mentioned, McShane said he didn't miss that character's harder edge, observing, "This is Disney, not HBO."
Jerry Bruckheimer and Rob Marshall were both full of praise for Penelope Cruz. They said that she's a global movie star and they didn't consider anyone else for Angelica for even a second. Johnny Depp said the chemistry that they established as costars in the 2000 movie Blow was instantly rekindled and was firing on all cylinders. Cruz remarked that being able to shoot in costume on location in Hawaii before heading into the studio really helped her get into character, and she explained she did quite a bit of her own fighting in the movie, including the initial swordfight with Johnny Depp.
As for the main returning character, Geoffrey Rush observed that the relationship between Jack Sparrow and Hector Barbossa is basically that of an old married couple, particularly when one considers their constant bickering. Admittedly, it isn't a perfect metaphor, as Rush himself called their ship The Black Pearl a shared ex-girlfriend, which gave a little extra texture to their conversations in On Stranger Tides that would have been missing if they were just talking about some boat.
Rush said Barbossa's journey as a character is a fascinating one, considering he began as an outright villain spat out of Hell itself in the original Pirates of the Caribbean, while he becomes more of a diplomat in the sequels. By On Stranger Tides, he's a privateer in the employ of King George II, and he said Barbossa is absolutely pompous and arrogant enough to think he actually belong in the royal court.
The Future of Captain Jack
Johnny Depp admitted that he just can't shake Captain Jack, and he joked that the character now shows up at unexpected times, including earlier that morning when he was getting his kids ready for school. He wryly observed that he could see himself playing the character for decades, at least until his dreadlocks start getting tangled in his wheelchair. On a more serious note, Depp did say that he feels the possibilities of the character are limitless, and that he feels like he's never really done playing Captain Jack Sparrow.
It's already known that the fifth film is in some early stage of development, and Jerry Bruckheimer confirmed that they just received the first rough script for the sequel. He said that, if On Stranger Tides is any indication, it will take time to get the script to a good place, but he is hoping for a faster turnaround. He refused to set a concrete number on how successful this movie will have to be to get the go-ahead for a fifth and sixth movie - and yes, the plan is to make two more sequels if this one is successful.
The cast and crew didn't give away too much about what a sequel might entail, although they did point out that there's a post-credits scene at the end of On Stranger Tides that might give some hints as to where they're going next. When asked what she hopes Angelica will get up to next, Penelope Cruz said her character ends up with a voodoo doll of Captain Jack, and she could potentially put that to good use in a sequel.
But perhaps the most interesting idea for a sequel came from Johnny Depp, who closed the press conference by revealing the clever idea being hatched for the fifth and sixth movies: they're going to shoot the entire thing on the Pirates of the Caribbean ride at Disneyland, going round and round like something out of Andy Warhol's Sleep.
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides will be released in the United States on May 20.


text:
Published on 06 September 2021
Modified on 12 October 2021
By Colleen
303 downloads
PROTECT- Responding _ Reporting Obligations Policy.pdf
The Sandhurst Catholic Education Office and Schools acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land on which their Offices and Schools are built. We commit to working in partnership with Aboriginal people for reconciliation and justice.
Remember Me


text:
What do you mean you lost my car?
SUV buried in the snow at Mount Baker Ski Area
Mount Baker Star Trails
Startrails are capture in the late evening hours over Mount Baker, North Cascades National Park, Washington.
Skinning up the Arm
An unidentified skier heads up the Shuksan Arm of Mount Baker Ski Area
dropping in on the arm
Mark Kogelmann drops off of Pyramid Peak on the Shuksan Arm near Mount Baker Ski Area.
Mount Baker from Shuksan
Mount Baker is viewed from a hike along the Shuksan Arm near Pyramid
Air on Mount Herman
Owen Dudley drops huge air in the Mount Baker backcountry on Mount Herman
Gearing up for another run
Mark Kogelmann, Owen Dudley, Peder Bottheim, and Tyler Hatcher collect their gear and get ready to skin up for another run in the Mt Baker backcountry
Snow covered trees frame back country travels on the Arm
Backcountry skiers and snowboarders are framed by snow encrusted trees on the Shuksan Arm of the Mount Baker Ski Area backcountry.
Dropping a cornice
Mark kogelmann drops a cornice in early morning light near Mazama in the Baker backcountry.
Mount Shuksan during a wind storm
Mount Shuksan photographed during a high pressure wind storm in Washington state.
heading up
Mark Kogelmann skins up for another run in the backcountry near Mount Baker.
Powder for breakfast
Mark Kogelmann makes some powder turns in the backcountry near Mt Baker ski area.
Dropping off of Herman
Mark Kogelmann drops the cornice off of Mount Herman with Mount Baker looming in the distance.
Powder in the late afternoon
Mark Kogelmann tastes some late afternoon powder in the Mt Baker backcountry.
air force 4
Nick Marvic goes huge during a blizzard at Mt Baker Ski Area
Skiers along the Shuksan
Skiers hike along the Shuksan Arm in the backcountry out of Mount Baker Ski Area
Skiers heading out on to the Arm
Unknown skiers heading out onto the Shuksan Arm.
The launch pad
Owen Dudley goes huge during a blizzard at Mt Baker Ski Area
110 inches in the last 5 days
Mount Baker Ski Area in a huge spring snow cycle.
Huge Powder
Tyler Hatcher skis the biggest storm of the season in the Mount Baker backcountry.
Trees Please
Heather Goodrich skis the trees on the biggest snow fall of the year at Mount Baker Ski Area.
White Out
Jillie drops into big time powder in the Mount Baker backcountry.
Dropping the Blue
Owen Dudley drops off of some blue ice in the backcountry near Mount Baker Ski Area.
Home at Last
Heather, Owen, Tyler, and Jillie return home after skiing in the backcountry off of Mount Baker Ski Area.
Green Ice and Big Air
Tyler Hatcher drops a major ice flow in the backcountry near Mount Baker Ski Area.
Melting Lines
The Mount Baker Ski Area Parking lot after a big day of winter storms.
All photos copyright of photographer listed and may not be downloaded or reproduced without permission of photographer.