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The Emerging Role of Genomics in Diagnosing and Monitoring Cancer
Cancer is the result of genetic abnormalities that affect the function of particular genes. Genes determine the form, function, and growth patterns of cells. Those that accelerate or suppress growth are often involved in cancer. For example, many cancers have an abnormality in a gene that is responsible for stimulating cellular growth and/or the gene that normally prevents cancer is not working properly. Both of these genetic abnormalities can result in uncontrolled and excessive cellular growth, the hallmark trait of cancer. Genomic tests, or assays as they are called by scientists, are a tool for identifying the specific genes in a cancer that are abnormal or are not working properly. In essence, this is like identifying the genetic signature or fingerprint of a particular cancer.
Genomic testing is different from genetic testing. Genetic tests are typically used to determine whether a healthy individual has an inherited trait (gene) that predisposes them to developing cancer. Genomic tests evaluate the genes in a sample of diseased tissue from a patient who has already been diagnosed with cancer. In this way, genes that have mutated, or have developed abnormal functions, are identified in addition to those that may have been inherited.
Genomic testing can help doctors to:
- Determine a patient's prognosis (potential outcome)
- Determine whether a cancer is aggressive/fast growing or slow growing
- Choose the most effective treatment for each individual cancer
- Monitor patients who are undergoing treatment to determine if the treatment is working
- Monitor patients who are in remission to catch a potential disease progression early when it is more treatable
Perhaps the greatest promise of genomic testing is its potential for individualizing treatment. This means that patients with more serious conditions can be identified and offered aggressive and innovative therapies that may prolong their lives, while patients who are diagnosed with a less serious condition may be spared unnecessary treatments. For example, some women with node-negative breast cancer will relapse after being treated with surgery alone. Genomic testing has been shown to differentiate between which node-negative breast cancer patients are more likely to relapse and therefore benefit from additional chemotherapy and which patients may not need chemotherapy.
To appreciate how the science of genetics is applied to the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer, it is helpful to have an understanding of the basic principles of genetics. This includes knowing what DNA, chromosomes, and genes are, how they work, and how the information contained in DNA is transformed, through gene expression, into specific structures that dictate the functions of a cell.
With this background knowledge, it is possible to understand the promise of tests for detecting genetic abnormalities, such as:
- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- Reverse transcription PCR
- Microarray technology
- Serum proteomics
Background—Basic Principles of Genetics
The importance of genetics in heredity is well known; however, the role that genetics plays in controlling the structure and function of cells may be even more critical for an individual organism. Heredity assures that humans and all species are able to reproduce and perpetuate their unique traits and directing how cells are built, what work they do, and how they grow is necessary to ensure that an organism will survive to reproduce. An understanding of this critical role that DNA and genes have in determining the minute-by-minute life of a cell is also important for understanding how genetics are involved in cancer.
DNA: The genetic information for an entire organism is contained in the nucleus of every cell in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid, commonly known as DNA. DNA is a double-stranded helical (coiled) molecule. Each strand is composed of a structural backbone plus a sequence of nitrogen-containing compounds called nitrogenous bases, which can be thought of as the alphabet of genetics. There are four bases: adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. The two strands are connected at the bases.
The genetic code, or the genetic information that controls structure and function of the cell, is contained in the sequence of bases. The base sequence eventually controls the sequence of amino acids that are connected together to make a protein molecule. Different sequences make different proteins. The proteins that are synthesized in a cell determine the structure and function of that cell.
Chromosomes: DNA is packaged in a specific number of units called chromosomes. Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell. Most of the time, the chromosomes are packed tightly around proteins in the nucleus of the cell so that they cannot be seen. However, in the stages of the cell's life just before cell division, the chromosomes become visible with a light microscope. They appear like a capital 'H' with four lengths of coiled DNA joined by a protein as the "cross" of the "H".
Genes: DNA is organized into genes, which are long segments of DNA that include regions that contain codes for proteins called exons, as well as non-coding regions called introns. Genes are defined as the basic unit of heredity because they are passed to offspring and then replicated and passed on to individual cells during cell division. Replication involves using both strands of DNA as templates to synthesize complimentary DNA (cDNA), which is a matching strand. The result is two identical copies of DNA for each cell after cell division is complete. Under normal conditions, the structure of DNA, and thus genes, remains relatively constant through replication and cell division.
Gene expression: The genetic information contained in genes is translated into cellular structure and function through a process called gene expression. Genes can be thought of as codes, or recipes, for making proteins. Proteins are the basic component of cell structure and function. When a gene is "expressed," the protein or proteins that it codes for are actively being built in the cell and the function that those proteins serve are being performed. For example, when the HER-2/neu gene is expressed in breast cancer, there are more epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) present, which are proteins on the cell surface that HER-2/neu codes for. Furthermore, the function of EGFR is to stimulate cell growth; so a cell that is expressing HER-2/neu has many EGFRs and is actively growing.
Gene expression occurs through a complex system that involves the following steps:
- Temporary separation of the two strands of the DNA molecule at a particular gene.
- Transcription of the segment of DNA, which is the synthesis of a single-stranded copy of the DNA sequence that is exposed; this copy is called messenger RNA (mRNA).
- Protein synthesis, or building new proteins in the cell, based on the information contained in the mRNA.
Genetic abnormalities: Genetic abnormalities are alterations in the DNA of a cell that may occur by chance or due to an environmental influence. These alterations lend the affected cell some advantage over normal cells that helps them grow. As a result, the cell is able to divide rapidly, becoming a cancer growth. However, this growth advantage only benefits the individual cell, and not necessarily the whole organism (human).
Types of genetic abnormalities include:
Translocations—the changing places of a gene from one chromosome with a gene on another chromosome; this type of abnormality defines the many different leukemias
Deletions—a gene or sequence of nucleotides is missing in the DNA
Polymorphisms—variations in nucleotide sequence
Tests for Detecting Genetic Abnormalities
A variety of new laboratory tests can detect genetic abnormalities. Finding a disease-causing mutation in a gene can confirm a suspected diagnosis of cancer or identify those predisposed to certain cancers. Some of these techniques that are currently used in the clinical setting include:
- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
- Reverse transcription PCR
Furthermore, the following laboratory techniques are being used in cancer research and may be available for clinical use in the future:
- Microarray
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
FISH is a laboratory technique that is used to detect genetic abnormalities at the single-cell and single-gene level, such as numerical abnormalities (gains and losses of nucleotides), and translocations (the changing places of a gene or segment of genes on one chromosome with gene or a segment on another chromosome). These abnormalities play a role in the development and progression of some cancers, such as leukemias and lymphomas1.
How does FISH work? FISH is performed on sample cells whose DNA has unraveled so that the individual chromosomes are visible. This happens during cell phases just before cell division, called metaphase or interphase. The sample DNA is first denatured using heat and the chemical formamide so that the individual strands separate, exposing the base sequence. Next, specific DNA sequences, called probes, that are attached to colored fluoros are incubated, or combined, with the sample DNA. The probes hybridize (connect) with the DNA in the chromosomes that is the compliment to the base sequence in the probe. The presence or absence of fluorescence from the hybridized DNA and probe are visible with a specialized microscope and indicate whether the DNA sequence of interest is present in the sample. Furthermore, specialized FISH techniques can be used to detect translocations, inversions, and amplifications that are involved in cancer.2
FISH in breast and ovarian cancer: A common use if FISH is to determine whether patients with breast and ovarian cancer overexpress the HER2/neu oncogene, a gene that is commonly involved in cancer. HER2/neu carries the genetic code for the HER2 receptor, a protein on the surface of some cancer cells. HER2 binds with growth factors in the blood, thereby stimulating cancer cells to grow.
HER2/neu is amplified in approximately 20% to 30% of breast and ovarian cancers and this amplification and/or overexpression indicates a poor prognosis.3 FISH can be used to observe whether the HER2/neu oncogene is sending multiple signals at the level of the individual cells, which indicates gene amplification.
FISH in hematological (blood) cancers: FISH may also be used to diagnose and manage various hematological malignancies. The genetic abnormality that underlies many hematological malignancies is chromosomal translocation, or the changing places of gene from one chromosome with a gene on another chromosome.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
PCR is an in vitro laboratory method that is useful for genetic testing for disease and detecting minimal residual disease, which is a small amount of disease left after treatment that may lead to recurrence and is typically not detectable with other techniques. This procedure amplifies a segment of DNA from a small sample, making it detectable. With PCR, relatively small sequences of known DNA can be replicated into millions of copies over a short period of time.
How does PCR work? This method requires four principle components: 1) the sample DNA, 2) an ample supply of nucleotides, 3) a heat-stable polymerase enzyme which is responsible for copying DNA, and 4) primers, short sequence of nucleotides that lie on either side of the DNA fragment of interest and signal the polymerase to begin replication of the specific DNA segment.
PCR is a three-step process, each occurring at a different temperature. The sample DNA is first heated to approximately 90ºC in order to separate the 2 paired DNA strands. Once separated, it is cooled to a temperature that allows the primers to hybridize to their complementary sequence on the target DNA, approximately 40ºC. Lastly, DNA replication occurs at approximately 70ºC, the temperature at which DNA polymerase is most active. This process is repeated 20 to 30 times, resulting in approximately 1 million-fold amplification of the DNA fragment of interest.4
Reverse transcription PCR
Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR is a technique that detects the degree to which genes are expressed. Complicated processes control which segment of DNA separates, gets transcribed (copied) into mRNA, and then expressed as proteins in the cell. Not all genes are transcribed and then expressed equally. Due to many controls in the cell, some genes are over-expressed, which means they are transcribed and expressed at a higher rate than normal, while other genes are now expressed, or "turned off" so that certain functions are not manifested in the cell.
How does RT-PCR work? RT-PCR uses the same steps as PCR to amplify a segment of DNA, but the sample is a complimentary copy of mRNA. By starting with mRNA, this test measures only the DNA that is expressed, making it possible to determine the degree to which certain genes are expressed. Recent uses of RT-PCR in clinical oncology include detection of lymph node micrometastases in prostate cancer and bone metastases in breast cancer.5
RT-PCR in breast cancer: The breast cancer test Oncotype DX utilizes RT-PCR to determine the individual risk of recurrence in women with node-negative estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. This test evaluates expression of 21 genes in breast cancer. Overexpression of some of these genes indicates a worse prognosis, while expression of others may indicate a better prognosis. The expression of all 21 genes is used to calculate a "Recurrence Score™", or the likelihood that that cancer will recur. A large clinical trial showed that Recurrence Score™ was more effective for predicting prognosis of women with node-negative, ER-positive breast cancer than standard measures such as patient age, cancer size, and cancer stage.6
Strategies to Improve Detection of Genetic Abnormalities
Several methods for detecting genetic abnormalities are being utilized for cancer research. While they are not yet routinely used in the clinical setting, the following appear to be promising and may be used in the future for diagnosing, testing, and monitoring cancer.
Microarrays: Microarray analysis is a technique that combines biology with computer science to generate a genetic profile for a given tissue sample that reflects the activity of thousands of genes. This technology has advantages over FISH or PCR because, in a single analysis, it can evaluate the expression of all of the genes that may be involved in a cancer, rather than just a few. By graphically showing how all of the genes are involved in a cancer, microarrays can generate a "genetic signature" for a particular cancer. This makes the identification of cancer subtype more precise. The ability to take a snapshot of a cancer's genetic signature may lead to a better understanding of how that cancer develops and how to design individualized treatment.
How do microarrays work? While different microarray methods are utilized, each consists of five basic steps:
- Preparation of the sample
- Combining the sample with the computer chip
- Scanning the computer chip
- Normalization
- Computer analysis of the results.
Preparation of the sample: In the initial step, cDNA is synthesized from RNA by reverse transcription (remember transcription involves copying DNA to make RNA, so reverse transcription is generating DNA from RNA) from RNA that has been extracted from both a test and a reference sample. The sample DNA segments are labeled with fluorochromes, or radioactive chemicals, so that they can be detected after they combine with the computer chip.
Combining the sample with the computer chip: Next, the sample is combined with the computer chip, which is a rectangular grid of spots. Each spot has many copies of a particular DNA sequence. These sequences are derived from public databases of DNA sequences that were generated through the Human Genome Project, the scientific endeavor that identified virtually all of the DNA sequences in the human species.
When the sample is added to the computer chip, a process called hybridization occurs. This means that the sample DNA segment binds (hybridizes) to the segment on the computer chip that has the exact complimentary sequence of nucleotides (the four compounds that are the alphabet of genetics).
Scanning the computer chip: Once hybridization is complete, scanners are used to detect the fluorescence and create a digital image that reflects where the sample DNA combined with spots on the microarray chip.
Normalization: Because raw signal intensities may vary between individual chips from many patients or experiments, individual chip intensity must be adjusted to a common standard, or normalized. For example, subtraction of background noise is a common normalization method that is applied to all samples. Normalization makes it possible to compare gene expression profiles from many patients or experiments.
Computer analysis: The final step in a microarray experiment is computer analysis. The thousands of raw data points that result from microarray analyses are essentially unintelligible unless they are evaluated in the context of other results. For example, the gene expression profile (microarray results) of normal and diseased tissue can be compared to identify genes that vary in their expression and also identify a pattern (profile) that may indicate a distinct class or stage of disease.7
Microarrays in oncology: Microarray analysis has contributed to oncology by increasing an understanding of the genetic basis of several types of cancer, including B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (BCNHL), acute leukemia, and breast cancer.
- Considerable knowledge regarding the pathology of BCNHL has been gained by comparing gene expression patterns of diseased and normal tissue. Two different disease categories display distinct gene expression profiles. Microarrays have helped establish these expression profiles and, in the future, they may help accurately classify new cases of BCNHL.
- In the case of acute leukemia, microarrays have helped establish distinct gene expression patterns that have helped differentiate acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using these profiles, 29 of 34 new cases of leukemia were correctly predicted.
- Furthermore, microarrays have helped identify two distinct gene expression profiles in breast cancer, BCRA1 and BCRA2. This finding suggests different ways that breast cancer develops and provides clues that promote further understanding of the cause of breast cancer.[7]
1 Spagnolo SD, Ellis DW, Juneja S, Leong AS, et al. The role of molecular studies in lymphoma diagnosis: a review. Pathology 2004; 36 (1)19-44.
2 Spurbeck JL, Adams SA, Stupca PJ, Dewald GW. Primer on Medical Genomics Part XI: Visualizing Human Chromosomes. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2004:79:58-75.
3 Paik S, Hazan R, Fisher ER, et al. Pathological findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project: prognostic significance of erb B-2 protein overexpression in primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1990;8:103-112.
4 Tefferi A, Wieben ED, Dewald GW, et al. Primer on Medical Genomics Part II: Background Principles and Methods in Molecular Genetics. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2002;77:785-808.
5 Tefferi A, Wieben ED, Dewald GW, et al. Primer on Medical Genomics Part II: Background Principles and Methods in Molecular Genetics. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2002;77:785-808.
6 Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, et al. Multi-gene PT-PCR assay for predicting recurrence in node negative breast cancer patients—NSABP studies B-20 and B-14. Proc of the 26th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. December 3-8k, 2003; San Antonio, TX, Abstract #16.
7 Tefferi A, Bolander ME, Ansell SM, et al. Primer on Medical Genomics Part III: Microarray Experiments and Data Analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2002;77:927-940.


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Part of New England's personality is its rich heritage of ocean travel and work. Many fishing industries grew from the numerous coastal ports which still thrive today. In many ports, you can see some amazing nautical engineering in the boats and yachts. I always enjoy our day trips to the ocean!

subset: commoncrawl


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CorporateSeptember 27, 2012
Charter to Hold Conference Call to Discuss Third Quarter 2012 Financial and Operating Results
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ST. LOUIS, Sept. 27, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Charter Communications, Inc. (NASDAQ: CHTR) (the "Company" or "Charter") will host a conference call on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time (ET) to discuss financial and operating results for the quarter ended September 30, 2012. A press release reporting such results will be issued at 8:00 a.m. ET that day.
The conference call will be webcast live via the Company's website at charter.com. The webcast can be accessed by selecting "Investor & News Center" from the lower menu on the home page. The call will be archived in the "Investor & News Center" in the "Financial Information" section on the left beginning two hours after completion of the call. Participants should go to the call link no later than 10 minutes prior to the start time to register.
Those participating via telephone should dial 866-919-0894 no later than 10 minutes prior to the call. International participants should dial 706-679-9379. The passcode for the call is 28432644.
A replay of the call will be available at 855-859-2056 or 404-537-3406, beginning two hours after the completion of the call through the end of business on December 6, 2012. The passcode for the replay is 28432644.
About Charter
Charter (NASDAQ: CHTR) is a leading broadband communications company and the fourth-largest cable operator in the United States. Charter provides a full range of advanced broadband services, including advanced Charter TV® video entertainment programming, Charter Internet® access, and Charter Phone®. Charter Business® similarly provides scalable, tailored, and cost-effective broadband communications solutions to business organizations, such as business-to-business Internet access, data networking, business telephone, video and music entertainment services, and wireless backhaul. Charter's advertising sales and production services are sold under the Charter Media® brand. More information about Charter can be found at charter.com.
SOURCE Charter Communications, Inc.


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May the 4th, through 6th and beyond, for this week, bring you arts, nightlife and community events of interest, plus online amusements as well.
(Ab) Normal & (Un) Natural: Performing Identity @ Spark Arts
Installation, staged reading and fundraiser with Sé Sullivan for a film about the damage done to trans people forced into conversion therapy. May 6, 7pm-9pm. May 7, 12pm-4pm; reading/fundraiser ($60) 7pm. 4229 18th St. WeJustWantToBeSpringFundraiser (Read our article.)
AirOtic @ Great Star Theater
Touring company of sexy male and female aerial performers brings their dazzling show to the Chinatown stage. $40-$135; thru June 12. 636 Jackson St.
Allegiance @ Lucie Stern Theater, Palo Alto
Palo Alto Players' production of Marc Acito, Jay Kuo & Lorenzo Thione's acclaimed autobiographical musical about gay actor George Takei's story of Japanese Americans forcibly sent to U.S. internment camps during World War II. $27-$57 in-person, $20 streaming (May 5-8). April 22-May 8. 1305 Middlefield Road. https://paplayers.org
Anything Goes
Sutton Foster stars in the recorded stage production of the classic nautical musical comedy; streaming at https://www.anythinggoesmusicalcinema.com/
Black To The Future @ Brava's Cabaret
Black Artists Contemporary Cultural Experience as they unveil tidbits, scenes, and anecdotes from their new Afrofuturistic adventure project. $15-$30. April 30, 5pm. 2781 24th St. https://www.brava.org/
Dance Lovers 10 @ Joe Goode Annex
James Graham's annual dance series with six duets by couples, comrades and crushes. May 5-7, 8pm. $20-$40. 401 Alabama St. tinyurl.com/dancelovers2022
Dancing in the Park @ Golden Gate Park
Annual outdoor program of more than a dozen local dance companies performing, presented by Mark Foehringer Dance Project. April 30, 1pm-4:30pm. Music Concourse. https://mfdpsf.org/
Dear San Francisco @ Club Fugazi
The 'high-flying love story' weaves local history with acrobatic theatrics and live music by The 7 Fingers company, now with new cast members, and a full food and beverage menu; extended through summer 2022. $35-$99. 678 Green St. https://www.clubfugazisf.com/
A Death-Defying Escape
Judy Carter's Hollywood show with magic, comedy and stories of Jewish life and lesbian love streams online. https://deathdefyingescape.com/
Drowning in Cairo @ Potrero Stage
Golden Thread Productions presents Adam Ashraf Elsayigh drama about three gay Egyptian men who confront their past; thru May 1. $20-$100. 1695 18th St. https://goldenthread.org/ (Read our interview with the playwright.)
Epiphany Dance Theater
Antoine Hunter's 'Native Land, Native Hands, a site-specific work exploring the historic oppression and racial injustice toward Bay Area Deaf communities and communities of color, April 30 in Fremont, May 7 at UC Berkeley and May 14 in San Francisco. https://epiphanydance.net/
Fefu and Her Friends @ Strand Theater
American Conservatory Theatre presents María Irene Fornés's innovative comic drama involving eight women gathering in the 1930s; audience members choose different rooms to observe as the play proceeds; costars include Marga Gomez; thru May 1. $25-$60. 1127 Market St. www.act-sf.org (Read our review.)
Fun Home @ Gateway Theatre
42nd Street Moon's production of composer Jeanine Tesoro and writer Lisa Kron's five-Tony-winning, heart-wrenching musical adaptation of Alison Bechtel's best-selling graphic novel about a family dealing with loss and hidden desires. $20-$35; thru May 8. 215 Jackson St. https://42ndstmoon.org/
Gem of the Ocean @ Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts
August Wilson's "powerfully spiritual drama" about a Black family in 1903 and a mystical healing aunt, is performed by TheatreWorks Silicon Valley. $30 and up; thru May 1. 500 Castro St., Mountain View. https://theatreworks.org/
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child @ Curran Theater
The special-effects-filled stage play about a mystery at Hogwarts returns in a new shortened two-act version. $69-$349; extended run. 445 Geary St. https://sfcurran.com/
Octet @ Berkeley Rep
Three-time Tony Award nominee Dave Malloy's off-Broadway hit, a "chamber choir musical," merges eight internet-obsessed people who meet in real life and tell stories musically. $29-$124; thru May 29. 2025 Addison St., Berkeley. https://www.berkeleyrep.org/
On the Town @ Saratoga Civic Theater
South Bay Musical Theatre production of the classic musical about a trio of randy sailors on shore leave in 1950s Manhattan; music by Leonard Bernstein; book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green. $24-$54. May 14-June 4. 13777 Fruitvale Ave., Saratoga.
The Paper Dreams of Harry Chin @ SF Playhouse
In Jessica Huang's drama, During the Chinese Exclusion Act, Harry Chin, a Chinese national, entered the U.S. by buying forged documentation. Like other "Paper Sons," Harry lived the rest of his life keeping secrets — even from his daughter. $30-$100. May 4-June 18. 450 Post St. https://www.sfplayhouse.org
PrEP Play, or Blue Parachute @ New Conservatory Theatre Center
World premiere of Yilong Liu's comic play about a young man's time-traveling adventures with a magical pill that takes him back in time to the 1980s; thru May 8. 25 Van Ness Ave. www.nctcsf.org (Read our review.)
San Francisco Ballet @ War Memorial Opera House
The celebrated dance company performs Helgi Tomasson's Swan Lake set to Tchaikovsky's score; thru May 8. 301 Van Ness Ave. https://www.sfballet.org/
Smuin Contemporary Ballet
The company's Dance Series 2 - P.S. Forever Smuin includes Confessions by Val Caniparoli, Renaissance by Amy Seiwert and Showcase by Smuin works by current Company Artists Tessa Barbour and Brennan Wall. April 29-May 1 & May 5-7: Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, 700 Howard St. May 19-22: Mountain View Center for the Arts, 500 Castro St. May 27-28: Sunset Center, San Carlos Street at 9th Avenue, Carmel-by-the-Sea. https://www.smuinballet.org/
Talk to Your People @ The Marsh
Dan Holye's multi-character solo show's a comic, nuanced, and thought-provoking inquiry into some of the most-talked-about issues of this era; extended thru May 28. $25-$100. Thu-Sat, 7pm. 1062 Valencia St. https://themarsh.org/
West Side Story @ California Theatre, San Jose
Opera San Jose performs the classic Leonard Bernstein/Stephen Sondheim/Arthur Laurents New York City modern musical version of Romeo and Juliet. $55-$195; thru May 1. 345 South 1st St. https://www.operasj.org/
wow mom @ ODC Theater
Film with live dance created by Larry Arrington and Alexa Burrell, Keith Hennessy, Gizeh Muniz-Vengel, Amy Wasielewski and others. $15-$30. April 29 & 30. 3153 17th St. https://odc.dance/wowmom
Castro Country Club
The LGBT-inclusive sober space holds meetings and events. 4058 18th St. https://www.castrocountryclub.org/
Gay Men's Sketch @ online/Mark I Chester Studio
Join the weekly online Zoom drawing session, with male models. Tuesdays, 6:30pm. $20 suggested donation. 1229 Folsom St. https://www.instagram.com/gaymenssketch/
GLBTQ+ Asian Pacific Alliance
Meetings, events and more for GLBTQ+ Asians. www.gapa.org
Horizons Foundation
Community foundation invests in LGBTQ nonprofits, strengthen a culture of LGBTQ giving, fundraising, and events. https://www.horizonsfoundation.org
Jewish LGBTQ nonprofit hosts online events and talks. https://www.keshetonline.org
Les Leventhal Yoga
The gay yoga instructor leads online classes. https://join.lesleventhalyoga.com/
LGBT Asylum Project
Local nonprofit aides LGBTQ refugees. https://www.lgbtasylumproject.org/
LGBTQ History Project
August Bernadicou's interviews and stories on LGBTQ activists' histories; recorded talks with Phyllis Lyon, Jack Fritscher, drag rocker Jayne County, Vanguard Editor Keith St. Clare, a Theater of the Ridiculous oral history, veteran gay rights activist and prolific author Perry Brass and more. New: a 'lost' interview with 'Pink Narcissus' director James Bidgood. https://www.lgbtqhp.org/
Liberation Academy @ Dance Mission
A free series of round table discussions, music & dance workshops, and films for BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color) dedicated to freedom; monthly thru June. https://dancemissiontheater.org
Manny's Events
The cafe hosts meetings, music concerts, Ukraine fundraisers and community talks; in-person and online. 3092 16th St. https://welcometomannys.com/
My Life is Worth Living
Teen support videos in five powerful, diverse stories told over 20 episodes, for for teens struggling with mental health, including LGBTQ youth. https://www.wonder.media/product/my-life-is-worth-living
The National AIDS Memorial @ Golden Gate Park
The dedicated grove of memorials allows for peaceful contemplation of those lost; also, regular events, and online exhibits. https://www.aidsmemorial.org/
Rainbow World Fund
Support international aid and outreach programs, not just LGBT causes, including the new Ukraine Emergency Fund. https://www.rainbowfund.org/
SF LGBT Center
Meetings, youth services and more events at 1800 Market St. and online. https://www.sfcenter.org/
WINeFare @ Haight Street Art Gallery/online
Wine tasting and presentations on the work happening within the industry to transform it, wth reps from The Vinguard, a Bay Area organization formed in 2018, brings diverse women and LGBTQ+ leaders in the natural wine industry together. 215 Haight St. online: April 30, 9am-1pm. in-person June 4, 12pm-5pm. https://www.thevinguard.com/winefare
Events & Exhibits @ SF Public Library
Online and in-person author events; also, check out books and DVDs, see various book-themed exhibits. 100 Larkin St. www.sfpl.org
LGBT Events @ Fabulosa Books
In-store and online monthly book club group discussion of literary works. 489 Castro St. https://www.fabulosabooks.com/
Queer Words
Listen to online literary chats hosted by author Wayne Goodman, with guests Kelliane Parker, Brian Broome, Michael Nava, Vi Khi Nao, Anne Shade, Brontez Purnell, Christopher Castellani, the late Leslie Cohen and many others. https://queerwords.org/
Cal Performances @ UC Berkeley
Music and dance concerts and more at Zellerbach Hall and nearby theaters. May 7, 8pm: award-winning singer Lila Downs; the Mexican American singer and activist accompanied by her seven-piece ensemble, performing genre-hopping repertoire from her 25-year career. $36-$85. Bancroft Way at Dana St., Berkeley. calperformances.org
Concerts @ Orinda Theatre
Live music concerts at the movie theater include Debbie Gravitte, May 1; Christine Andreas, May 22; both 5pm. 2 Orinda Theater Square. https://www.orindamovies.com/
Feinstein's at the Nikko
The upscale nightclub presents cabaret concerts; April 29 & 30: Micaela Diamond (The Cher Show) $55. May 6 &7, 8pm: Lorna Luft; $85. Hotel Nikko, 222 Mason St. https://www.feinsteinssf.com/
Great American Music Hall
Enjoy live music at the classic venue. 859 O'Farrell St. https://gamh.com/
Noe Music
May 1, 4pm: pianist, producer, and advocate Sarah Cahill joins forces with the fabulous Friction Quartet for a program of contemporary works for piano quintet by Cuban composer Tania Leon, San Francisco-based composer Max Stoffregen, and Noe Music favorite Timo Andres. May 1, 4pm. $40. Also, online concerts in many genres; classical, folk, early music. 1021 Sanchez St. https://www.noemusic.org/
Noontime Concerts @ Old Saint Mary's Cathedral
Enjoy weekly concerts in a variety of genres, Tuesdays at 12:30pm. 660 California St. www.noontimeconcerts.org
Old First Concerts
Enjoy live streamed and archived music concerts of classic, and contemporary music. https://www.oldfirstconcerts.org
Queer Vines
LGBT musicians perform a variety of genres in season 2 of the show, on the LGBT Center's YouTube channel.
San Francisco Bach Choir
Weekly online concerts of classical music and other genres. https://sfbach.org/
San Francisco Gay Men's Chorus
Enjoy music videos and programs online. www.sfgmc.org
San Francisco Opera
Recorded and live performances, plus artist panels, including the five-episode 'In Song' series (link|https://www.sfopera.com/online/in-song/j|https://www.sfopera.com/online/in-song/j>). https://sfopera.com/
San Francisco Performances @ Herbst Theatre
Winter season of chamber music, classical and vocal concerts and recitals. May 5, 7:30pm: Jerusalem Quartet. 401 Van Ness Ave. http://sfperformances.org/
San Francisco Symphony @ Davies Symphony Hall
In-person and online concerts. 201 Van Ness Ave. http://www.sfsymphony.org/
Seth Concert Series
Broadway pianist and host Seth Rudetsky's online concerts feature an all-star line-up, Sundays at 5pm PT. $25. https://events.broadwayworld.com/seth-concert-series/
SF Jazz
The acclaimed venue brings their concert series online with talented musicians, and has returned to in-person concerts. April 28-30 & May 1: Ravi Coltrane. 201 Franklin St. https://www.sfjazz.org
Stars in the House
Seth Rudetsky and James Wesley's popular YouTube series of chats and game nights with musical theatre and TV/film talents continues, with donations going to The Actors Fund. https://www.starsinthehouse.com/
The elegant nightclub-restaurant features jazz and R&B musicians. 510 Embarcadero West, Oakland. https://yoshis.com
100 Years of Men in Love
David Millbern's documentary about vintage photos of men in affectionate portraits from the 1850s to the 1950s; on HereTV. https://heretv.com/ (Read our feature article.)
Asian-American Eyz'd: An Immigrant Comedy Special
Comics Ana Tuazon Parsons, Mx. Nicky Endres and Aidan Park perform in a show that shines a spotlight on three Asian American artists who tell their stories of immigration, assimilation, and struggles with identity, sexuality and survival in modern day America. Rent/buy on https://reelwomensnetwork.com/
Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn
Radu Jade's new film about a school teacher, who finds her career and reputation under threat after a personal sex tape is leaked on the Internet. http://www.magpictures.com/badluckbanging/
Gay drama about a Turkish swimmer who falls in love with his Swiss coach but is forced into a straight marriage. https://darkstarpics.com/
The Browns @ OutTV
Dark drag duo comedy show about Tammie Brown and Kelly Mantle; Brown as a semi-retired singer and homemaker and Mantle as her drunk best friend; on OutTV, Apple TV, and Amazon Prime. https://www.outtv.com
Building a Bridge
Documentary about Father James Martin, a Catholic priest, and his efforts to make the Catholic Church more accepting of the LGBTQ+ community; streaming May 3 on; on AMC+ June 21. https://www.buildingabridgefilm.com/
Call Me Mother @ Out TV
Three drag stars —Miss Peppermint, Crystal and Barbada— adopt the next generation of artists into their new drag houses, mentoring them through a fierce drag competitions. Check out many other LGBT-themed shows, too. $3.30 monthly subscription. https://www.outtv.com/
GLAAD video series about Black LGBTQ small business owners. YouTube
Collar Confessions @ Here TV
Series based on Dwight Allen O'Neal's novel about a closeted pastor. https://www.here.tv/
Coming of age/coming out film about two Latina girls on a high school track team; directed by Sammi Cohen and written by Kirsten King and Casey Rackham; on Hulu April 29. www.hulu.com
Bennett Singer and Patrick Sammon's fascinating documentary about the pioneering LGBTQ+ activists who fought to remove homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1973. https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/cured/
The Disappointments
Season 1 of Rich Burns' gay comedy about older gay men in Los Angeles. www.youtube.com/
Films @ Alamo Drafthouse
Enjoy new and repertory films with a full food and drink menu, super-comfy seats, and a strict no-cell-phone policy. https://drafthouse.com/sf
Films @ HereTV
Enjoy LGBT drama, comedies and more; new: cult horror filmmaker Mark Bessenger's new series, Gayliens: Love and the Mothman. https://heretv.com/
Films @ New Parkway Theater
Enjoy new, indie and classic films with a variety of comfy chairs and sofas. 474 24th St., Oakland. https://www.thenewparkway.com/
Films @ Revry
The streaming service showcases many LGBT films, including (new) cannabis-themed Pot Pie and High Herstory, the comedy 'BIFL,' 'Insomnia,' a queer South Asian dramedy from Vishaal Reddy; 'Steam: The Musical,' a Western gay thriller; '2022 is a Drag,' with several programs (Cherry Pop, The Drag Roast of Heklina, Trixie Mattel: Skinny Legend, Bob The Drag Queen: Live at Carolines); also narrative films and historical documentaries, including 49 Pulses, Raid of the Rainbow Lounge, Love V. Kentucky, Happy Birthday, Marsha, Gay USA and more. Also, season 2 of 'Versus,' Deven Green's fun game show with guest stars. https://watch.revry.tv/Home
Films @ Roxie
Watch new and repertory films in-person and online. 3117 16th St. https://www.roxie.com/
Acclaimed gay drama based on the true story of Russian soldiers who hide their romance during the Cold War. Opens May 5 at 6:30pm, CGV San Francisco 14, formerly AMC Van Ness, at 1000 Van Ness Ave. (Read our interview with director/writer Peeter Rebane and actor/writer Tom Prior) https://firebirdmovie.com/
Frameline Voices
New series of free LGBT online short films. https://www.frameline.org/voices
Great Freedom
Sebastian Meise's dramatic film about post-war German gay men imprisoned under the Paragraph 175 law. Screening locally at Opera Plaza Cinema, 601 Van Ness Ave. . https://www.landmarktheatres.com/san-francisco/film-info/great-freedom (Read our review.)
Writer/director Samuel Kay Forrest's acclaimed new film about a political activist fighting against the system while searching for love in the Berlin queer community. Buy or rent on YouTube.
Spanish film about two married friends who reconnect after a passionate teenage affair; on DVD and VOD, platforms including iTunes/Apple TV, Amazon, Google Play, Vudu, Vimeo, and through local cable & satellite providers. https://www.bgpics.com/
Joe vs Carole
Gay fave John Cameron Mitchell (Hedwig and the Angry Inch and lesbian SNL star Kate McKinnon costar in the darkly comic dramatic adaptation based on the popular Tiger King documentary series about eccentric wild animal collectors; on NBC's Peacock. https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/joe-vs-carole
LGBT films @ Breaking Glass
Stream a variety of LGBT films and series, including Season 3 of Woke, the French dramatic series. https://www.bgpics.com/
LGBT Films @ TellFilms
Watch queer movies and documentaries, most with women's stories. https://www.tellofilms.com/
LGBTQ movies @ Filmsie
the free film streaming and social platform, today announces it has curated a catalogue of feature length and short films around LGBTQ+ stories and directors. https://filmzie.com/movie-list/lgbtqi-movies
Logo Live
Gay actor Johnny Sibilly hosts the twice-weekly LGBT talk show with celebrities. Tuesdays & Thursdays on the network's Instagram 4pm PT. https://www.instagram.com/logotv/
Mayor Pete
Jesse Moss' documentary about Pete Buttigieg's presidential campaign, with his husband Chasten featured as well; on Amazon Prime.
No Straight Lines: The Rise of Queer Comics
Vivian Kleiman's documentary, based on Justin Hall's award-winning print anthology, about LGBT comic and cartoon pioneers and new talents. https://nostraightlinesthefilm.com/ (Read our review.)
Nuclear Family @ HBO
Filmmaker Ry Russo-Young she turns the camera on her own past to explore the meaning of family in a three-part documentary series. In the late '70s/early '80s, when the concept of a LGBTQ family was inconceivable to most, Ry and her sister Cade were born to two lesbian mothers through a sperm donor. https://www.hbo.com/nuclear-family
Open To It
Frank Arthur Smith's new queer comedy web series with Laganja Estranja about a couple who explore becoming a throuple. https://www.opentoitseries.com/
Bay Area comic and screenwriter Sampson McCormick also stars in the comedy about an overboard Beyoncé fan who risks everything to get to her concert; on Amazon Prime.
Poppy Field
Romanian film about a closeted policeman forced into confrontation at an anti-gay protest of a film screening. Rent online (plus several other LGBT foreign films) at https://www.filmmovement.com/
Q-Force on Netflix
Animated comic parody of spy capers features several LGBT characters and voice actors (Sean Hayes, Wanda Sykes). (See our feature article with co-creator Gabe Liedman.) Netflix
New queer music video showcase created by musicians Kisos and Cory Stewart. https://www.twitch.tv/itgetsbetter
Queer Genius
Chet Pancake's new docu-series about five queer female artists: Barbara Hammer, Eileen Myles, Black Quantum Futurism, Moor Mother, and Dynasty Handbag / Jibz Cameron, who unapologetically break down barriers in their creative fields outside of mainstream culture. https://queergeniusfilm.com/
Right to Try
Short films about Jeffery Drew's struggle to get on an HIV drug trail in the 1990s. https://www.peacocktv.com/
Seattle Trans Film Festival
TRANSlations, a festival of trans films, streams online May 5-8. $30-$100. https://threedollarbillcinema.org/translations-2022
SF Film Festival @ Bay Area Theaters
65th annual festival of great movies, screened at the Castro, Roxie, Vitoria and Vogue cinemas. April 21-May 1. https://sffilm.org (Read our coverage of notable LGBT films and events.)
SF Silent Film Festival
Classic and restored silent films, many with live musical accompaniment, at the Castro, Roxie theaters. $15-$320 (full pass); May 5-11. https://silentfilm.org/
Shit & Champagne
D'Arcy Drollinger and her crew's wacky photo retro exploitation sex comedy, adapted from the hit nightclub show, hits Apple TV and Amazon Prime Video. https://www.shitandchampagne.com/
Somebody Somewhere
A new comedy series starring and executive-produced by comedian and singer Bridget Everett follows Sam, a true Kansan on the surface who, beneath it all, struggles to fit the hometown mold. https://www.hbo.com/somebody-somewhere
Sonoma County AV Fest
Ten-day in-person film festival includes queer-themed films 'Jimmy in Saigon,' 'Being Thunder,' 'Wildwood,' and suspense short films. April 29-May 8 in Healdsburg, Cloverdale, Geyserville, Windsor and Santa Rosa. https://avfilmpresents.org/
Sort Of
Gender fluid millennial Sabi Mehboob straddles various identities, from sexy bartender at an LGBTQ bar, to the youngest child in a large Pakistani family, to the de facto parent of a downtown hipster family; on HBO Max
Stories of Resistance: Documentaries by Arthur Dong
Stream compelling documentaries about Asian Americana and LGBT subjects made by the award-winning director. https://www.deepfocusproductions.com/
Strictly for the Birds
Jon Garcia's film about Kate Birdsall, an elder trans woman's life story. https://www.bgpics.com/
Tampa Baes @ Amazon Prime
New reality show about two lesbian couples and their life & career ups and downs. https://www.amazon.com/
Twenties @ BET
Season 2 of the comedy series about 'Hattie,' a masculine-presenting queer Black woman in her 20s, played by Jonica T. Gibbs. https://www.bet.com/shows/twenties.html
We're Here @ HBO
Season 2 of the Emmy-nominated weekly series features drag stars Eureka O'Hara, Shangela and Bob the Drag Queen. https://www.hbo.com/were-here
Alex Lev's 'silent' comic film (with music, captions and multilingual ASL) about a Deaf man's struggles in Hollywood, created with a mostly Deaf cast and crew. https://www.thewhatmovie.com/
The Whistle
Documentary about a secret code created by and shared among young lesbians in 1970s and '80s Albuquerque as a means of self-identification and finding community. https://www.pbs.org/video/the-whistle-6xaazf/
Who Am I Now?
In Louise E, Lathey's debut film, new friends Erin and Alex discover a mutual attraction that neither of them have ever felt before; streaming via multiple outlets. whoaminow.ca
With Love
Romantic comedy series about an American Latin family, including Mark Indelicato as the gay son with a boyfriend; on Amazon Prime.
Angelic/Trimble Gallery
Kara Maria's 'Precious and Precarious: Life on the Edge of Extinction,' thru June 11. 1275 Minnesota St. https://www.anglimtrimble.com/
Gallerists James Bacchi and Annette Schutz celebrate their gallery's silver anniversary with a group retrospective exhibit. 228 Townsend St. http://www.arthaus-sf.com/main-gallery/
The Art of Disability Culture @ Ruth's Table
Group exhibit of works by disabled artists; thru May 20. 3160 21st St. www.ruthstable.org
The Art of the Brick @ LEGO� Exhibit
View sculptures and interactive installations made of the toy bricks, now with a creative lounge. $18-$21; extended thru Sept. 5. 1 Grant Ave. https://artofthebrickexhibit.com/
Asian Art Museum
Seeing Gender, a selection of works that reveal the complexities and nuances of gender across Asian art. Afterope: Videos of Resistance, thru May 2. Other exhibits include Memento: Jayashree Chakravarty and Lam Tung Pang, After Hope: Videos of Resistance, Zheng Chongbin: I Look for the Sky, and historic works. Fri-Mon 10am-5pm. Thu 1pm-8pm. 200 Larkin St. asianart.org
Berkeley Art Center
All of Us All of Us celebrates collaborative contemporary photography projects produced by Bay Area makers Marcel Pardo Ariza, Tristan Crane, The Q-Sides and First Exposures participants. Opening reception April 16, 3pm-6pm; thru June 18. 1275 Walnut St., Berkeleyhttps://www.berkeleyartcenter.org
Berkeley Art Museum/Pacific Film Archive
Quilts, Blankets, and Tapestry: Contemporary Art and Textiles, Ron Nagle: Handsome Drifter, Folk and Modern Art in Postcolonial India) and art films streamed online and screened outdoors (BYO chairs). 2155 Center St., Berkeley. www.bampfa.org
Bob Mizer Foundation
New group exhibit, "Raw Mizer," with ten selected artists' work curated by Kyle Quinn of Raw Meat Collective. The artists have made art directly and indirectly inspired by photos by Bob Mizer, the father of mid-20th-century homoerotic physique photography. May 5 (opening reception, 7pm-9pm) through May 26, 920 Larkin St. www.bobmizer.org
California Academy of Sciences
The fascinating science museum includes live creatures (aquarium, terrarium) and educational exhibits. New; 'Wander Woods,' an outdoor kids and families play space. Also, Living Worlds, a planetarium show. Mon-Sat 9:30am-5pm. Sun 11am-5pm. 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park. https://www.calacademy.org/
Cartoon Art Museum
New: Ajuan Mance's art, part of the Emerging Artist Showcase (Read our interview) ; also, Chivalry: Art of Colleen Doran, original artwork from the Dark Horse graphic novel illustrated by Doran and written by Neil Gaiman, April 23-Sept. 18. Keith Knight's 'Woke,', the local Black cartoonist's exhibit ('The K Chronicles'); also, Gorey's Children, artwork and serigraphs by Edward Gorey; thru June 5. The Legend of Wonder Woman, an exhibition celebrating 80 years of DC Comics' iconic Amazon, featuring comic books, merchandise, and original illustrations by many of Wonder Woman's most prominent artists. Also at the Fisherman's Wharf gallery; 'The Batman Armory,' A Treasury of Animation, as well as books and prints for sale. Sat & Sun 11am-5pm. 781 Beach St. https://www.cartoonart.org
Catharine Clark Gallery
Contemporary artists' exhibits, including 'Wanxin Zhang: Witness' thru April 16. 248 Utah St. https://cclarkgallery.com/
Chabot Space & Science Center
Programs include live science programs each Wed., 10:30am, virtual telescope viewings each Sat. 9pm. Free/$15. 10000 Skyline Blvd, Oakland (opens in Nov.). chabotspace.org
Chinese Cultural Center
Exhibition of new work by Bay Area-based contemporary ceramic artist Cathy Lu. 750 Kearny St. https://www.cccsf.us/
Conservatory of Flowers
Beautiful indoor and outdoor floral exhibits in the classic arboretum; special events and parties return soon. 100 JFK Drive, Golden Gate Park. Free/$12. www.conservatoryofflowers.org
Contemporary Jewish Museum
The Jim Henson Exhibition: Imagination Unlimited, with videos and film screenings, Muppets, materials, drawings, guest talks, and more; thru Aug. 14. (Read our feature article.) Also, the spacious downtown museum includes Experience Leonard Cohen with a series of four solo exhibitions by contemporary artists George Fok, Judy Chicago, Candice Breitz, and Marshall Trammell, all inspired by the life and work of the revered singer-songwriter; also, group exhibit 'Tikkun: For the Cosmos, the Community, and Ourselves,' Julie Weitz' Golem: A Call to Action; and more. Free/$16. 736 Mission St. thecjm.org
de Young Museum
Major exhibits include Alice Neel: People Come First thru July 10; Nampeyo and the Sikyátki Revival, thru Feb. 2023; also, collections of American, African, Oceanic, costume arts, sculpture and more. Tue-Sun 9:30am-5:15pm. 50 Hagiwara Tea Garden Drive. deyoung.famsf.org
'Entwined' Lighted Forest @ Golden Gate Park
The popular outdoor exhibit of illuminated 'trees and plants' returns. https://sanfranciscoparksalliance.org/entwined/
Exhibits @ SF Public Library
The Cockettes: Acid Drag & Sexual Anarchy, A celebration of the avant-garde psychedelic hippie theater troupe's 50th anniversary, in conjunction with original member Fayette Hauser's newly-published pictorial history by the same title; thru August; at the James C. Hormel LGBTQIA Center, 3rd floor. Also, book display exhibits on the 6th floor. 100 Larkin St. https://sfpl.org/
Exploratorium Events
Talks, and demos with a science theme, including comet-cam and more; weekly After Dark nighttime parties have returned. Pier 15. www.exploratorium.edu
Frequencies of Tradition @ Kadist
Group exhibit of a dozen Asian artists whose work challenged traditional representation; curated by Hyunjin Kim thru July 16. 3295 20th St. https://kadist.org/san-francisco/
Gallery Wendi Norris
Contemporary art exhibits. Fort Mason Center Pier 2, 2 Marina Blvd. https://www.gallerywendinorris.com
GLBT History Museum
Temporarily closed for a new exhibit installation. Online exhibits include Stories of Our Movement: Bay Area Reporter at 50; Also, Legendary: African American LGBTQ Past Meets Present , Fighting Back, a series that brings together community leaders, experts, historians and activists to explore lessons from the past that might be useful in formulating resistance efforts today; Reigning Queens: the Lost Photos of Roz Joseph, curated by Joseph Plaster; and other exhibits. Online events as well. 4127 18th St. www.glbthistory.org
Gregangelo Museum
Take tours at the 27-room mansion filled with eccentric unusual interactive artworks and performances. www.gregangelomuseum.com
Harvey Milk Photo Center
View exhibits of masterful photographic art. Thru April 30: Steve Rapport's '(Mostly) Rock n Roll.' Also online galleries. https://www.harveymilkphotocenter.org/
Hunters Point Spring Open Studios
Showcase of a diverse array of 100+ visual artists' works, including LGBT artists Carol Banfield (vibrant drawings), James Groleau (evocative landscapes), Marti McKee (etchings and agitprop poster art) and Bruce Katz (urban and country landscapes). April 30 & May 1, 451 Galvez St. www.shipyardartists.com
Immersive Frida Kahlo/Immersive Van Gogh @ SVN West
The popular large-scale installations of projected animated images of paintings by the Mexican and Spanish painters. $55-$80; thru May 30. 10 South Van Ness Ave. at Market. https://www.immersive-frida.com/san-francisco/
Jenkins Johnson Gallery
Online solo and group exhibits of works by Philomela Williamson, Alex Jackson, and others. https://www.jenkinsjohnsongallery.com
Land's End @ Former Cliff House
Group exhibit of artists' varied works where their charge is twofold: to discover artwork in unlikely places and to consider the planet's health. 1090 Point Lobos Ave. https://www.for-site.org
Lea Magdanal @ SF Academy
Local queer artist's exhibit of 30 paintings. 2166 Market St. https://www.academy-sf.com/
Legion of Honor
New: Guo Pei: Couture Fantasy, the first extensive exhibition of the designer's work, bringing together more than 80 ensembles from the past two decades; thru Sept. 5. Also, European and ancient art, giant Renaissance landscapes and historic paintings, plus classical sculptures and contemporary works, from Degas, Manet, Caillebotte and Vuillard to Egyptian, Greek and Roman artifacts; also, Wangechi Mutu's fascinating modern outdoor and indoor sculptures. Uue-Sun, 9:30am-5:15pm. Free/$15. legionofhonor.famsf.org
Lost Art Salon
Intimate gallery exhibits small and unusual works of note by contemporary and early 20th-century artists. 245 S. Van Ness. #303. https://lostartsalon.com
Minnesota Street Art Project
Multiple galleries host different artist exhibits at 1275 Minnesota St. At Rena Bransten Gallery: Derek Weisberg and Sam Perry. https://minnesotastreetproject.com/
Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts
New and ongoing exhibits; Solo Mujeres thru May 6. 2869 Mission St. missionculturalcenter.org
Museum of the African Diaspora's exhibits include award-winning films, talks and music performances. 'Elegies: Still Lifes in Contemporary Art,' a group exhibit curated by Monique Long; thru Aug. 21. 685 Mission St. www.moadsf.org
Museum of Craft & Design
Call & Response: Craft as a Tool for Activism, and other exhibits online. www.sfmcd.org
My Park Moment @ Presidio
Large-scale outdoor exhibit of visitor-submitted images in local and regional state parks; at the new Tunnel Tops. www.presidiotunneltops.gov
Nancy Toomey Fine Art
Online and in-person exhibits. 1275 Minnesota St. nancytoomeyfineart.com
NIAD Exhibits
The art studio for developmentally disabled adults shares online exhibits and sells beautiful works of art; in-person window displays and weekly online exhibitions. www.niadartstore.org
Oakland Museum
You Are Here: California Stories on the Map (through 2022), Black Power and Dorothea Lange: Photography as Activism (both ongoing). 1000 Oak St., Oakland. museumca.org
The Pink and Purple Church in the Castro
Online multimedia exhibit documenting the history of Metropolitan Community Church, its LGBTQ-inclusive services and outreach through the AIDS pandemic. http://arspgallery.com/mccsf-exhibit-main/
Pride and Progress
The Victory Fund's online exhibit showcases a timeline of LGBT political history. https://www.prideandprogress.org/
Robert Koch Gallery
Contemporary artists exhibits. 49 Geary St. https://kochgallery.com/
Schlomer Haus Gallery
New Castro/Duboce gay-owned art gallery. 2128 Market St., just west of Church St. Regular gallery hours Tue-Sat 12pm to 6pm and by appointment. https://www.instagram.com/schlomer_haus_gallery/
SF Botanical Garden
Beautiful spacious gardens with multiple plants, trees and flowers. Free entry for SF residents; others $3-$10. 1199 9th Ave., Golden Gate Park. https://www.sfbg.org
SF Museum of Modern Art
New thru Sept. 5: Shifting the Silence, a group exhibit of 32 women artists, and Speculative Portraits, an exploration of portraiture and identity. Also, Diego Rivera's massive 1940 mural Pan American Unity, on display during its restoration. Also, Joan Mitchell retrospective. Also, Constellations: Photographs in Dialogue. View Pop, Abstract, and Figurative art collections; Warhol, Rosenquist, Lichtenstein, to name a few. Bay Area Walls mural project, the outdoor vertical garden and Olafur Eliasson's sparkling one-way color tunnel. Free/$25; reserved, timed ticketing. Mon 10am-5pm. Thu 1pm-8pm. Fri-Sun 10am-5pm. First Thursdays free. 151 Third St. www.sfmoma.org
Southern Exposure
Unusual art and installations and online projects. 3030 20th St. https://soex.org
Tenderloin Museum
'Punk/Performance in the 'Loin,' a gallery show of art, video and talks, curated by the late Dale Hoyt, who died in April 2022; thru July 2; opening reception May 5, 5:30pm-7:30pm. Also, permanent exhibits of neighborhood history. 398 Eddy St. http://www.tenderloinmuseum.org/
Tom of Finland Foundation
The LA-based museum hosts online exhibits and sketch sessions with male models; NSFW. https://www.tomoffinland.org
Walt Disney Family Museum
Located in The Presidio, the museum dedicated to the art of Disney films hosts online and in-person exhibits, classes and events. 104 Montgomery St. www.waltdisney.org
We Were There
Online tours of art museums, showcasing hidden and overlooked LGBT themes, subjects and artists. http://wewerethere.org/
Online exhibit showcases photos and historic paintings of sex workers by 19 artists, from the late 19th Century of Edouard Manet and Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec to modern day contemporaries such as Felix Gonzalez-Torres, David Hockney, Nan Goldin, Bruce LaBruce and Margie Schnibbe. NSFW. www.artreporttoday.com
Yerba Buena Center for the Arts
Unusual modern art exhibits; also, film screenings, murals, and tours. 'Pedagogy of Hope: Uncage, Reunify, Heal,; presented by Galeria de la Raza, they May 29. 'The Healing Project,' thru June 19. https://ybca.org
After Dark @ Exploratorium
Evening cocktail parties return to the interactive science museum, with different themes. $20. Thursdays 6pm-10pm. Pier 15 (Embarcadero @ Green St.) https://www.exploratorium.edu/
Aunt Charlie's Lounge
The intimate bar serves strong drinks and hosts frequent drag shows. April 28: DJ Bus Station John spins at Tubesteak Connection's 18th birthday party. $5-$10. 9pm-2am. 133 Turk St. https://www.facebook.com/events/399947105291271
Nightlife's hopping at the popular Market Street club, with drag entertainers, gogo studs, drinks and food. Big Top Sundays. Drag brunch Sat & Sun, 2pm & 4pm. Pan Dulce Wednesdays - a special May 4 party with Jessica Wild and Yara Sofia. https://www.beauxsf.com/
Club OMG
Intimate mid-Market nightclub includes DJed dancing, drag shows and a karaoke night. 43 6th St. http://www.clubomgsf.com/
DJ Don Baird @ The Hole in the Wall
The fave local rock DJ's returned to the SoMa 'friendly neighborhood gay bikers' bar; Thursdays and Fridays. 1369 Folsom St. https://blackwolfmetal.com/ Also, listen online: https://www.twitch.tv/donbaird
Drag Brunch at Curio
Rexy hosts 12pm & 2pm drag shows (with Kylie Minono, Kipper Snacks, Bionka Simone) with brunch. 775 Valencia St. https://www.curiobarsf.com/
The Edge
Musical Wednesdays, Beards & Booze and other events have returned to the popular bar. 4149 18th St. www.edgesf.com
The EndUp
Historic SoMa nightclub hosts straight, gay and whatever late-night dance events. April 29, Ghetto Disco with DJ Hawthorne. 1am-9am. 401 6th St. https://theendupsf.com/
Golden Bull, Oakland
LGBT-friendly bar presents diverse live music acts. May 3, 8pm: Queercore punk bands Doc Hammer, Sissyfit, Choking Game and Rise & Strike. $10. 412 14th St. https://goldenbullbar.com/
InnerSpace: Homecoming @ CounterPulse
The performancespace's fundraiser gala takes on an out space prom theme, with an art party, auctions, drag queen contestants, drinks, dancing and more. $10-$250. May 7, 7pm-12am. 8 Turk St. https://counterpulse.org/event/innerspace2022/
SoMa queer and woman/trans-owned nightclub and restaurant; Coyote Queer, second Saturdays, with DJs Koslov & Livv, costume contest. UHaul SF, Fridays. Sunday brunch drag show 11am-5pm. 2700 16th St. http://jolenessf.com/index.html
The Castro bar with a panoramic view; ongoing: Bounce (Sat. nights), Lips & Lashes Drag Brunch with host Carnie Asada (Sat. afternoons), Jock (Sunday nights). 3600 16th St. http://www.lookoutsf.com/
Lone Star Saloon
DJed events at the historic bear bar, plus regular nights of rock music and patio hangouts. 1354 Harrison St. https://www.lonestarsf.com/
Martuni's Monday Happy Hour
Pianist Russell Deason hosts the fun weekly open mic gathering. 5:30pm-8:30pm. 4 Valencia St. at Market.
Midnight Sun
The popular bar celebrates 50 years; Timeline Tuesdays, Honeypot Fridays with gogo studs; K-Pop and drag shows like Munro's, 10pm Monday nights. 4067 18th St. https://www.midnightsunsf.com/
Muévelo @ Que Rico, Oakland
Valentino Presents' new East Bay Latin club is already a hit. Enjoy the new nightclub's weekly dance party with DJed grooves, drag divas, and gogo studs. Fridays, $10 and up, 9:30pm-3am. 381 15th St., Oakland. www.quericonightclub.com
In-person shows include Princess, the weekly Saturday night drag show. April 21-30: Baloney burlesque strip-theater show. April 28: Slut Pop. April 29: Safasaa. May 4-28: 'Star Trek Live, with Leigh Crow and a scifi drag cast performing "Mudd's Women" from the original series ($30-$50). May 6: Chillonas' Seis De Mayo party. Online: Matthew Martin in Michael Phillis' drag comedy, The Hand That Rocks The Crawford. 398 11th St. www.sfoasis.com
Port Bar, Oakland
RuPaul's Drag Race viewings Fridays; Wednesdays are a Drag shows at 9pm, 10pm, 11pm; Big Gay Trivia on Tuesdays; dancing on Saturday nights. 2023 Broadway. www.portbaroakland.com|
Powerhouse Bar
Enjoy indoor and outdoor drinks at the popular SoMa bar; Underwear Thursdays; Juanita MORE's Powerblouse (fun drag makeovers) 1st Saturdays, and Beat Pig, 3rd Saturdays. 1347 Folsom St. https://www.powerhousebar.com/
Qué Rico
New LGBT Latinx nightclub features cute gogo guys and drag shows, DJed dance floor, brunch and dinner menus, too. 381 15th St., Oakland. www.quericonightclub.com
Roller Disco @ Church of 8 Wheels
D, Miles, Jr., "The Godfather of Skate," hosts roller-skating nights with groovy tunes, plus skate rentals. $5-$15. 554 Fillmore St. http://www.churchof8wheels.com/
SF Eagle
The famed leather bar has numerous events; BLUF Cigar Buddies 2nd Fridays. Frolic cosplay/furry party, 2nd Saturdays, 8pm-2am. Sunday beverage bust, 3pm-7pm, $10-$15. (http://frolicparty.com/) 398 12th St. https://thesfeagle.com/
Suavecito @ Space 550
Valentino Presents and Club Papi present a new weekly Latin dance night with DJs Mike, Mr. Biggs, and Lola; Sonora Tropicana band, drag acts, gogo guys, three dance rooms, outdoor lounge. Saturdays, $15-$25. 9:30pm-3am. 550 Barneveld Ave. www.suavecitosf.com
Sundance Saloon @ Space 550
The (mostly) Country music line-dancing, two-stepping nights (Sundays and Thursdays) has returned. $5, 5pm-10:30pm. 550 Barneveld Ave. www.sundancesaloon.org
Thirst Trap Thursdays @ Dirty Habit
Weekly event on the heated 5th floor outdoor terrace of Hotel Zelos, $5 benefits the SF Queer Nightlife Fund. 5pm-10pm. 12 4th St. https://www.viceroyhotelsandresorts.com/zelos/dirty-habit
White Horse Bar
Enjoy outdoor dining and drinks at the famous Oakland bar. 6551 Telegraph Ave., Oakland. whitehorsebar.com
Being Seen
GLAAD's new podcast focuses on the Black gay and queer male experience, hosted by Darnell Moore, producer of Being Seen and singer, actor and activist, Lawrence "Miss Lawrence" Washington. www.beingseenpodcast.com
Bridger Winegar's 'I Said No Gifts!'
Comic gay episodic podcast with celebrity guests. https://www.exactlyrightmedia.com/i-said-no-gifts
Broadway Podcast Network
Enjoy talks and audio performances with writers, composers, actors and professionals in theater. https://broadwaypodcastnetwork.com/
Broadway Radio
Online Broadway music radio station featuring the best in the Off-Broadway, Broadway, and the London stage. 'Styles of Stephen Sondheim' with music scholar Gail Leondar-Wright, 'Stephen Sondheim Encyclopedia' author Rick Pender and others; hosted by Stuart Brown. https://broadwayradioprograms.com/
Community Talks @ Manny's
In-person and online events discussing local and global community issues. 3092 16th St. https://welcometomannys.com/
Drag Time with Heklina
Online chat show with the Bay Area queen of drag shows. www.dragtimewithheklina.com
Environmental Drag Queen
Patti Gonia and Alex discuss nature, outdoors love, the environment and their connections in drag personae. spotify.com
Elton John's Rocket Hour
The gay music megastar hosts his weekly music show on Apple. https://www.apple.com/apple-tv-app/
Podcast about all sorts of sexuality, with famous queer people and ordinary folks. https://www.fruitbowlpodcast.com/intro
In the Key of Q
Dan Hall's podcast with interviews and selections by LGBTQ musicians. https://www.inthekeyofq.com/
I Still Think About You
Noir drama podcast from The Boys in the Band revival actor Brian Hutchison is part memoir, part psychological thriller, and part love letter to Broadway. https://www.istillthinkaboutyou.com/
Latina Stream Queens
Marga Gomez' new YouTube channel of shows, interviews, comedy skits and more. https://www.youtube.com/c/LatinaStreamQueens
LGBT Asylum Project Podcast
Creator and host of the LGBTQ Asylum podcast is 28-year-old Sayid Abdul, a queer Uighur refugee who was granted political asylum in 2018. https://www.lgbtasylumproject.org/
Midnight Mass Podcast
Peaches Christ presents an online audio show with Michael Varrati about horror and cult movies; on Apple and Spotify. http://store.peacheschrist.com/
Move, I'm Gay
The totally gay fun podcast celebrates its 100th episode, starring Francisco and Brendan as Franny and Brenda. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/move-im-gay/id1500217797
Out in the Bay
The long-running LGBT radio show has returned with new podcast episodes, and an extensive archive. Host Eric Jansen welcomes artists, community leaders, scholars and celebrities. https://www.outinthebay.org/
OutFest, the Los Angeles LGBT film festival, hosts an online array of panel discussions, audio interviews and short documentary films. https://www.theoutmuseum.org/browse
Planet Classroom
Instructional podcasts on a variety of issues, including LGBT subjects. https://www.planetclassroom.world/browse/
Probably True
Podcast with queer stories, "a smutty-but-charming collection of personal misadventures." https://www.probablytruepodcast.com/
The Qube
E3 Radio's black LGBTQ radio show and podcast. https://e3radio.fm/the-qube/
The Queerness
SF Pride's podcast with notable hosts and LGBTQ guests (Franco Stevens, Michelle Meow, Snaxx, Vinny Eng and more). https://sfpride.org/podcast.html
Queer Powers
Indie channel of chats radio shows, vintage zine archives and drag shows. https://www.queerpowers.com/
A Queer Serial
LGBT-themed podcasts with voice actors such as Sam Pancake (Transparent, Gilmore Girls), Matthew Reimer, Radical Faeries' Will Roscoe and Joey Cain, and Chicago performers Salvio Gado and Jon Martinez, along with real recordings of pioneers including transgender entertainer Christine Jorgensen, civil rights activist Bayard Rustin, and lesbian journalist Edythe Eyde. https://www.mattachinepod.com/
Queer Nightlife Talks
Blog and links to talks among Bay Area nightlife organizers and producers, with community input and opinions. Tune in, offer assistance or thoughts. sfqueernightlifefund.org
Queercore Podcast
The QueerCore Podcast, hosted by August Bernadicou, elucidates radical, LGBTQ activists' histories in recorded shows with Mark Segal, Phyllis Lyon, Don Kilhefner, Jack Fritscher, drag rocker Jayne County, Vanguard Editor Keith St. Clare, a Theater of the Ridiculous oral history, veteran gay rights activist and prolific author Perry Brass, SF Tavern Guild cofounder and bar owner legend Robbie Robinson, the Rev. Ed Hansen, Rev. Robert Cromey, veteran activist Martha Shelley; community activist Gene Fedorko, pioneering LA gay dance club owner Jewel Thais-Williams, and punk drag rock sensation Jayne County. https://www.queercorepod.com/
Sounds of Broadway
24/7 radio station plays classic Broadway songs, with interviews and trivia shows, too. New Stephen Sondheim and 'West Side Story' tribute programs, including author Barry Singer (Ever After: Forty Years of Musical Theater and Beyond 1977-2020), also Rick Pender, Ethan Mordden and Eddie Shapiro. https://soundsofbroadway.com/
Taimi Talks
LGBTQ personalities (Jason Wimberly, Chris Mosier, Monique Heart and others) share guest-talks on various topics, with/on the Taimi app. (Apple Store or Google Play). https://taimi.com/
Twits in Love
Broadway Podcast network presents Tom Alan Robbins' audio comedy with steampunk setting, starring Michael Urie, Christian Borle, Mary Testa, James Monroe Iglehart, Lillias White and others. https://broadwaypodcastnetwork.com/podcast/twits/
Word for Wordcast
The theater ensemble known fostering short stories 'word for word' has a news series of podcasts in the same literary style. http://www.zspace.org/pod
You Make Me Real
LGBT podcast series, with Juanita MORE! & David Glamamore, Joan Jett Blakk, Lynn Breedlove and Tom Ammiano. https://www.buzzsprout.com/1753585
Do you have an event to add? Email [email protected]
Help keep the Bay Area Reporter going in these tough times. To support local, independent, LGBTQ journalism, consider becoming a BAR member.


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CRS: United Nations Regular Budget Contributions: Members Compared, 1989-2006, January 28, 2008
From WikiLeaks
About this CRS report
This document was obtained by Wikileaks from the United States Congressional Research Service.
The CRS is a Congressional "think tank" with a staff of around 700. Reports are commissioned by members of Congress on topics relevant to current political events. Despite CRS costs to the tax payer of over $100M a year, its electronic archives are, as a matter of policy, not made available to the public.
Individual members of Congress will release specific CRS reports if they believe it to assist them politically, but CRS archives as a whole are firewalled from public access.
This report was obtained by Wikileaks staff from CRS computers accessible only from Congressional offices.
For other CRS information see: Congressional Research Service.
For press enquiries, consult our media kit.
If you have other confidential material let us know!.
For previous editions of this report, try OpenCRS.
Wikileaks release: February 2, 2009
Publisher: United States Congressional Research Service
Title: United Nations Regular Budget Contributions: Members Compared, 1989-2006
CRS report number: RL30605
Author(s): Marjorie Ann Browne and Luisa Blanchfield, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Date: January 28, 2008
- Abstract
- Starting January 1, 2001, the United States was assessed to pay 22% of the annual United Nations regular budget. For calendar year 2006, 22% of the U.N. regular budget amounted to $423,464,855. Prior to January 1, 2001, the assessment level for the United States was 25%. This report shows, for the years 1989 through 2006, the assessment level, actual payment, and total outstanding contributions for the United States and each of the other U.N. members assessed at 1% or higher. For 2004, 2005, and 2006 a new category is included: the eight countries with assessments at 0.5% or larger but less than 1%. Three of these countries had, at some time since 1989, been assessed at 1%. Aggregated figures are provided for the rest of the U.N. membership. In 2006, the United States and 16 other nations were assessed to pay 86.408% of the U.N. budget. Contributors in the middle category were collectively assessed to pay 5.986%. In 2006, of the top 17 assessed countries, Brazil and the United States failed to pay their entire assessment and maintained unpaid or outstanding contributions. The matter of U.S. funding to the United Nations has been a high-profile congressional issue for a number of years.
- Download


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BARB viewing data is available for a range of audience data, including overnights, dayparts, programme and commercial information, time lengths, reach and channel share of viewing. Data can be accessed as live, VOSDAL or consolidated data. Here you can find a glossary of these terms plus many more that help in the measurement of TV audiences and are key currencies for television broadcasters and the advertising industry.
|Individuals aged 16 or over are classified as Adults within the BARB service.
|BARB divides the UK into ITV reception areas and BBC editorial regions. Audiences are currently reported for 13 ITV areas and 14 BBC regions (see also Macro Region).
|Audience Category
|An audience category is a classification of the viewing audience into a specific group. The following audiences are sometimes referred to as main categories - Homes, Individuals, Adults, Men, Women, Children and Houseperson. Sub-categories are more detailed breakdowns of the main categories - by age groups, social grades etc.
|Audience Profile (Audience Composition)
|The audience profile shows how a main audience category is divided into its subcategories (such as age, social grade or sex) in percentage terms. For example, if a programme achieves an Adult AB profile of 10%, this means that 10% of adult viewers were AB, while the other 90% were C1, C2 or DE Adults. An audience profile can be compared with the equivalent population profile to produce an index.
|Audience Share
|See Share.
|Audience: Break Audience
|A commercial break audience is defined as the duration weighted average of all the commercial spot audiences in the break.
|Audience: Commercial Spot Audience
|The commercial spot audience is defined as the audience for the minute in which the commercial starts.
|Audience: Programme Audience
|A programme audience is the average of all the minute audiences covered by the programme transmission, excluding any commercial breaks and promotions.
|Audience: Time Segment (Daypart) Audience
|A time segment (e.g. quarter hour) or daypart audience is the average of the one minute audiences in that time segment/daypart.
|BARB Gold Standard
|Any audience measure that has been generated by applying the BARB defined calculation methodology and procedures to BARB audience data.
|Television services which are transmitted over wires rather than over the airwaves.
|Computer Assisted Personal Interview. A face-to-face interview where the questionnaire is administered by the interviewer using a laptop computer, which presents each question on the screen and interviewers directly record respondents' replies. The BARB Establishment Survey is carried out by the CAPI method.
|Chief Income Earner
|The member of the household with the greatest total income.
|BARB reports viewing for Children aged 4-15.
|Commercial Audience Factoring
|For special cases where TV companies transmit commercials on a 'sub-area' basis (e.g. North Scotland/Central Scotland), commercial audiences are calculated by applying a factor to the total area audience. The factor is based on the relative homes universe for each sub-area.
|Consolidated Audience
|The consolidated audience is the sum of the live and timeshift audiences.
|See Reach.
|Cost-Per-Thousand. The cost of one thousand commercial impacts for a target audience. Cost-Per-Thousand (CPT) is used when purchasing and measuring the efficiency of advertising campaigns.
|Database 1
|Database 1 contains the 'raw' viewing statements for each home and individual in the BARB reporting panel for each day, together with all the classification details for each home and individual, needed for panel control and reporting purposes.
|Database 2
|Database 2 contains pre-processed time-based audiences (based on 1, 5, and 15 minute intervals) as well as audiences for programme transmissions, commercial spots and commercial breaks.
|A daypart is a section of the viewing day, for example breakfast (0600-0924) or peak time (for which there are various definitions).
|Digital Cable.
|Digital satellite.
|Digital terrestrial television.
|Encrypted channels
|A viewing card is required to enable viewing to these channels.
|Electronic programme guide. Channel and programme listing service available on digital TV.
|Establishment Survey
|Survey undertaken to determine the ownership of television equipment and demographic characteristics of the population. Results are used to determine the panel controls against which the panel is maintained. BARB Establishment Survey respondents also provide the pool of households from which BARB panel homes are recruited.
|First Day Sample
|Panel members reporting on the first day of a given time period (e.g. a schedule of commercial spots). A first day sample is a commonly used sample base for reach and frequency analysis (see also Middle Day Sample).
|Free-to-air channels
|No subscription fee is payable in order to view the channel. The majority of the channels on the digital terrestrial platform are free-to-air channels.
|Frequency (Average Frequency)
|The (average) number of times a commercial is seen by those within the target audience who see it at all. Average frequency is sometimes referred to as average OTS (see OTS).
|Gross Rating Point. Often used as a measure of the overall weight of an advertising campaign. One rating point is numerically equivalent to one per cent of the target audience (see also TVR).
|Guest Viewing
|Viewing by non panel members within panel homes. Guests are asked to provide details of their sex and age group via the peoplemeter handset. Regular guests may be allocated their own button on the handset, though their viewing will continue to be treated as guest viewing.
|Handset (BARB)
|A device similar to a remote control which panel members use to register and deregister their presence in a room where a television set is on.
|Head of Household
|The Head of Household is the household member who either owns the property, is responsible for paying the rent, has use of the home as a result of his/her job, or is related to the owner or main tenant (where the owner or main tenant is not a regular member of the household).
|Hours/Minutes of Viewing
|The amount of television watched by a particular audience category. This is usually expressed as an average over a given time period.
|Household Size
|The number of individuals who regularly live in the household.
|The member of the household who is solely or mainly responsible for the household duties. A houseperson may be male or female. There is only one houseperson per household.
|Houseperson with Children
|Houseperson living in a household in which a child (or children) aged 0-15 also lives.
|A measure of viewing to commercial spots. One impact is one member of the target audience viewing one commercial. Impacts are added together to give, e.g. the total impacts delivered by a particular spot, the gross total achieved by a particular advertising campaign or the total supplied by a given channel. A total of 10 impacts could be achieved in a number of ways: by ten people viewing a single commercial; by one person seeing the commercial ten times; by five people seeing the commercial twice and so on.
|BARB reports audiences for Individuals aged 4+.
|Lifestyle Insights
|All panel members aged 16+ complete a questionnaire which asks, for example, about their leisure activities, holidays, spending habits and also includes some attitudinal statements. This data is analysed in conjunction with dataset1 to allow groups of TV viewers to be analysed according to their interests.
|Live Audience
|The audience to a minute, commercial, daypart or programme at the time of its transmission.
|Macro Region
|Area created by the aggregation of one or more ITV areas. A detailed breakdown of BARB-reported macro regions is provided in the BARB Reference Manual.
|Middle Day Sample
|Panel members reporting on the middle day of a given time period (e.g. a schedule of commercial spots) often used as a sample base for reach and frequency analysis (see also First Day Sample).
|Minute Attribution
|The clock minute is the basic reporting unit within the BARB system. An Individual is deemed to be a viewer for a particular clock minute if present in the room with the TV on for at least 31 seconds of that clock minute. A particular minute is attributed to the channel to which the set was tuned longest within that minute.
|Multi-Channel Home
|A home able to receive cable, satellite or digital terrestrial transmissions.
|Multi-Set Home
|A home possessing more than one television in working order (see Television Home).
|Negative Binomial Distribution. A probability model used in the calculation of reach and frequency for commercial spot schedules.
|When used in a BARB context, Network is usually equivalent to all areas of the UK (i.e. a Network programme is one shown in all areas of the UK).
|Nil Viewer
|A panel home (or individual panel member) which does not view any television across a given time period is known as a nil viewer.
|Opportunity To See ads in a campaign. Total (target audience) OTS of a television campaign is equivalent to the total number of (target audience) impacts delivered by that campaign. Average OTS is equivalent to average frequency (see Frequency).
|Out-Of-Home Viewing
|BARB measures TV viewing within private domestic households. The only type of out-of-home viewing captured is guest viewing (see Guest Viewing).
|The previous day's viewing is released to the industry at 9.30am the next day (see VOSDAL).
|Sample of people used for regular research. The BARB panel consists of 5,100 homes, circa 11,300 individuals aged 4+ whose television viewing is measured and reported every single day.
|Panel 50
|The full network panel.
|Panel 72
|Homes with digital satellite and/or cable.
|Pay TV
|TV service that requires a viewer to pay a one off or regular subscription fee in order to view.
|Pay TV service allowing users to pay for each programme they watch rather than via a monthly fee. For example, box office films may be watched via pay-per-view.
|People Meter
|Generic name for the electronic measurement system which monitors the channel that a TV set is tuned to and the individuals present in the room while the TV set is switched on.
|The length of time that a TV needs to be in a particular status (e.g. tuned to a particular channel) before this status is recorded by the meter. This is currently set to 15 seconds.
|Personal Meters
|Meters which are carried by an individual.
|A term encompassing the various ways in which a home can receive television. The six platforms currently reported are: analogue terrestrial; analogue satellite; analogue cable; digital terrestrial; digital satellite; digital cable.
|Viewing of broadcast material that has been recorded (see also Timeshift Audience).
|The daily process whereby viewing data is collected by telephone from each panel home.
|The number of people in the 'universe' or 'target group'.
|Preference to View
|Within a household able to receive more than one ITV1 regional station, preference to view is the extent to which one station is viewed rather than another. It is measured in the Establishment Survey interview as number of hours (out of ten) for which the household watches each station.
|Programme Genre
|A classification of programmes into particular types (e.g. drama, sport, documentary).
|Personal Video Recorder. Digital recorder, e.g. Sky +, V+ and others, that allows a viewer to record programmes from an EPG and pause live TV for later viewing.
|Random Probability Sample
|Sample designed to strict procedures to ensure that each member of the target audience has a known chance of being selected for interview. BARB Establishment Survey interviewees are selected via random probability sampling.
|See TVR.
|The net number or percentage of people who have seen a particular piece of broadcast output (e.g. a programme, daypart, channel, TV advertising campaign). Programme or daypart reach assesses what percentage of the population saw a specified amount of a programme or daypart. It is also used cumulatively to assess the total net percentage that saw a specified amount of a complete series/month of television etc. There are various ways of defining the amount of viewing an individual must have done in order to be counted as having been "reached". The BARB definition is for this to be at least three consecutive minutes. For TV advertising campaigns, reach (the net percentage of the target audience to have at least one opportunity to see the campaign) is often used in conjunction with frequency (the average number of times the campaign was seen by those within the target audience who were reached) to produce an overall measure of campaign exposure.
|Reduced Screen Viewing
|Viewing which takes place where the main broadcast channel is shown in reduced size within a screen that has other content.
|See Areas.
|Sample Size
|The number of individuals in a sample group.
|Share (Share of Viewing)
|The percentage of the total viewing audience watching over a given period of time. This can apply to channels, programmes, time periods etc. For example, a share of 58% for Coronation Street would mean that, of all the viewers watching television when Coronation Street was being transmitted, 58% were watching Coronation Street.
|SI Code
|Service Information Code. A code broadcast by a channel that uniquely identifies that channel. SI codes are used by the BARB meter to monitor the channel being viewed on the digital satellite platform.
|The simultaneous broadcasting of the same programme on different TV channels. Simulcast can also refer to the same channel being broadcast on different platforms.
|Social Grade
|A classification of household social status based on the occupation of the chief income earner. BARB reports the following social grades: AB - higher (A) or intermediate (B) managerial, administrative or professional C1 - supervisory or clerical and junior managerial, administrative or professional C2 - skilled manual workers D - semi-skilled and unskilled workers E - state pensioners, casual or lowest grade workers
|An individual occurrence of a commercial.
|Broadcast of channel output on a secondary channel at a fixed time after the original broadcast. The most commonly used time lag is one hour, and such secondary channels are often labelled "+1".
|Sub-Group Factoring
|A technique used to calculate audiences for reporting sub-categories in the four smallest ITV area panels (North East, Border, West, South West). Details of the calculation are provided in the BARB Reference Manual (see also Audience Category).
|Subscription video on demand. Subscribers have access to specific programming for a regularly charged fee.
|Television Home
|A household which has at least one television in working order (or if not, for which arrangements have been made for repair within seven days) is classed as a TV home.
|Thirty Hour Clock
|For reporting purposes within Database 2 the BARB broadcast day runs for 24 hours from 6am. Times beyond 24:59 are reported using a thirty hour clock. For example 01:00 is shown as 25:00, 05:59 is shown as 29:59 etc.
|Thirty Second Equivalent Impacts
|See Weighted Impacts.
|Timeshift Audience
|The playback audience to a video or PVR/DVDR recording of a minute, commercial, daypart or programme. The recording must be played back within 7 days of the original transmission to be counted by BARB and included in the BARB gold standard calculations. Since July 2013 BARB has made available timeshifted viewing up to 28 days after the original transmission. It can be added to the live data. This viewing is not included in the BARB gold standard calculations.
|Transmission Hours
|The length of time that a channel broadcasts in any given day.
|Transmission Log
|A detailed description of the events (programmes, commercials etc) broadcast each day by a particular channel. The logs are combined with minute-by-minute BARB audience data so that audiences can be reported for particular programmes, commercial breaks or individual commercial spots.
|The TVR (Television Rating) is the measure of the popularity of a programme, daypart, commercial break or advertisement by comparing its audience to the population as a whole. One TVR is numerically equivalent to one per cent of a target audience. For example, if Coronation Street achieved a Houseperson TVR of 20 in Yorkshire this means that, on average during the programme, 20% of all Houseperson in the Yorkshire region watched Coronation Street. Commercial campaigns are frequently assessed by adding the TVRs of their individual spots to produce a Gross Rating Point total (see also GRP).
|Uncovered Set Viewing
|The situation where a television set is switched on but no-one is present in the room is known as uncovered set viewing.
|The total population of a particular audience category. BARB universes are based on television homes. For example, the network universe for ABC1 Women is the total number of ABC1 Women living within television households in the UK.
|Video Cassette Recorder.
|A facility offered by digital television providers where households can access a movie or programme that can be watched at any time.
|A panel member (or guest) is defined to be viewing when they are present in a room with a TV set switched on.
|Viewing-On-Same-Day-As-Live. Time-shifted viewing that has been viewed on the same day as the original broadcast is included in the overnight file which is released at 9.30am the following day (see Overnights).
|Weighted Impacts/Messages
|Impacts may be weighted back to a "thirty second equivalent" according to the value of any commercial length relative to a 30 second spot. The relative values differ according to individual broadcasters and are published as commercial length rate factors.
Posted under:


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The Secret Beyond Matter
The entire list
Mr. Adnan Oktar's Daily Remarks
El Baghdadi TV, June 29th, 2008
Adnan Oktar: THAT IS, ACCORDING TO THE QUR'AN, IT IS OBLIGATORY FOR MUSLIMS TO ACT TOGETHER, TO BE BROTHERS ALL TOGETHER, AND UNITE AROUND A LEADER. Muslims will fulfill this obligation. That is why I say that a Turkish-Islamic Union be established under the leadership of Turks, the Turkish nation. Every state shall remain as a separate and sovereign nation- state. Every state shall act freely within itself but let there be a spiritual leader, because the Christians have their Pope, they have their leaders. Muslims have to have a leader, as well. If someone leads this spiritual bond, it will easily end all these problems.
Kanal Malatya, January 7th, 2009
Adnan Oktar: "MUSLIMS BEING DIVIDED IS AN ILLEGAL ACT ACCORDING TO THE QUR'AN. IN THE SAME WAY, THEM NOT UNITING IS ILLEGAL AGAIN. OF COURSE, WHEN THEY PERSIST IN COMMITTING THAT SINFUL ACT, NATURALLY THEY WILL BE DEVOID OF BLESSINGS. MUSLIMS COMING TOGETHER IS AN OBLIGATION, IT IS THE ORDERS OF ALLAH. It is an obligation like doing prayer and fasting. And being divided is illegal just like eating pork, or drinking wine. There is no difference. If the Muslims unite, such problems will come to an end for good.
It's the time; THE TIME TO FOCUS ON AND BRING UP THE TURKISH ISLAMIC UNION. It is illegal and unbecoming for Muslims to weep and cry. It wouldn't befit us as Muslims. It is not compliant with the morality of the Qur'an. What we should do instead is build Turkish Islamic Union and put an end to this plight once and for all.
Milli Gazete, September 1st, 2012
Iran President Mahmud Ahmadinejad said that, "All Palestinian groups should act in unison, and then they will have a greater opportunity to achieve freedom for their lands." He said that "Muslims should put aside all their differences, as only with unity can things be achieved."


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It's your lucky day! You just won a foreign lottery! The letter says so. And the cashier's check to cover the taxes and fees is included. All you have to do to get your winnings is deposit the check and wire the money to the sender to pay the taxes and fees. You're guaranteed that when they get your payment, you'll get your prize.
There's just one catch: this is a scam. The check is no good, even though it appears to be a legitimate cashier's check. The lottery angle is a trick to get you to wire money to someone you don't know. If you were to deposit the check and wire the money, your bank would soon learn that the check was a fake. And you're out the money because the money you wired can't be retrieved, and you're responsible for the checks you deposit — even though you don't know they're fake. This is just one example of a counterfeit check scam that could leave you scratching your head. The Federal Trade Commission, the nation's consumer protection agency, wants you to know that counterfeit check scams are on the rise. Some fake checks look so real that bank tellers are reporting being fooled. The scammers use high quality printers and scanners to make the checks look real. Some of the checks contain authentic-looking watermarks. These counterfeit checks are printed with the names and addresses of legitimate financial institutions. And even though the bank and account and routing numbers listed on a counterfeit check may be real, the check still can be a fake. These fakes come in many forms, from cashier's checks and money orders to corporate and personal checks. Could you be a victim? Not if you know how to recognize and report them.
Counterfeit or fake checks are being used in a growing number of fraudulent schemes, including foreign lottery scams (as described above), check overpayment scams, Internet auction scams, and secret shopper scams.
Check overpayment scams target consumers selling cars or other valuable items through classified ads or online auction sites. Unsuspecting sellers get stuck when scammers pass off bogus cashier's checks, corporate checks, or personal checks. Here's how it happens:
A scam artist replies to a classified ad or auction posting, offers to pay for the item with a check, and then comes up with a reason for writing the check for more than the purchase price. The scammer asks the seller to wire back the difference after depositing the check. The seller does it, and later, when the scammer's check bounces, the seller is left liable for the entire amount.
In secret shopper scams, the consumer, hired to be a secret shopper, is asked to evaluate the effectiveness of a money transfer service. The consumer is given a check, told to deposit it in their bank account, and withdraw the amount in cash. Then, the consumer is told to take the cash to the money transfer service specified, and typically, send the transfer to a person in a Canadian city. Then, the consumer is supposed to evaluate their experience — but no one collects the evaluation. The secret shopper scenario is just a scam to get the consumer's money.
Con artists who use these schemes can easily avoid detection. When funds are sent through wire transfer services, the recipients can pick up the money at other locations within the same country; it is nearly impossible for the sender to identify or locate the recipient.
Under federal law, banks must make funds available to you from U.S. Treasury checks, official bank checks (cashier's checks, certified checks, and teller's checks), and checks paid by government agencies at the opening of business the day after you deposit the check. For other checks, banks must similarly make the first $100 available the day after you deposit the check. Remaining funds must be made available on the second day after the deposit if payable by a local bank, and within five days if drawn on distant banks.
However, just because funds are available on a check you've deposited doesn't mean the check is good. It's best not to rely on money from any type of check (cashier, business or personal check, or money order) unless you know and trust the person you're dealing with or, better yet — until the bank confirms that the check has cleared. Forgeries can take weeks to be discovered and untangled. The bottom line is that until the bank confirms that the funds from the check have been deposited into your account, you are responsible for any funds you withdraw against that check.
Here's how to avoid a counterfeit check scam:
If you think you've been targeted by a counterfeit check scam, report it to the following agencies:
The FTC works to prevent fraudulent, deceptive and unfair business practices in the marketplace and to provide information to help consumers spot, stop and avoid them. To file a complaint or get free information on consumer issues, visit ftc.gov or call toll-free, 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357); TTY: 1-866-653-4261. Watch a video, How to File a Complaint, at ftc.gov/video to learn more. The FTC enters consumer complaints into the Consumer Sentinel Network, a secure online database and investigative tool used by hundreds of civil and criminal law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad.


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The Ultimate Multivitamin
Key nutrients that are specific to men and women play a vital role in promoting optimal health. Ultamins is committed to providing the ultimate blend of high quality multivitamins that fills the basic nutritional needs unique to men, women, and those 50+.
Beneficial ingredients to help promote optimal health
- Includes CoQ10, Lycopene, Lutein, Rose Hips, and Methyl B12
- Made with mushrooms, enzymes, whole fruits and vegetable base blends
- 2 Veggie Capsules equals half a serving of fruits and vegetables
- Complete daily multivitamin with no gluten, GMOs, or soy
Formulated to help support specific needs
Each Ultamins formula provides Methyl B12 for the support of energy, Lutein for the support of eye health, CoQ10 for the support of heart health, and a full range of vitamins for the support of immune health.*