text:
Asian shares rise as Wall Street tech gain boosts optimism
Asian shares were mostly higher on Thursday, tracking an overnight rally on Wall Street as investors sought out bargains, including technology stocks.
Benchmarks rose in Tokyo, Seoul and Sydney in morning trading. Markets in Hong Kong were closed for a holiday.
The Shanghai Composite index was little changed, at 3,560.14, after the government reported a surge in producer price inflation, which rose to a record 10.7% over a year earlier in September from 9.5% in August.
Much of the increase was due to surging coal prices, which appear not to have fed into consumer prices even as parts of the country contend with power shortages, Capital Economics said in a report. Consumer price inflation slipped to 0.7% from 0.8% in August.
Also Thursday, the Monetary Authority of Singapore raised a benchmark interest rate, citing price pressures. The move to allow the Singapore dollar to appreciate slightly against the U.S. dollar, widening the trading band from 0%, coincided with news that the city-state's economy grew at a 6.5% annual pace in July-September.
Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 added 1.0% in morning trading to 28,425.90 as its new prime minister, Fumio Kishida, prepared to dissolve parliament ahead of an Oct. 31 general election.
South Korea's Kospi jumped 1.1% to 2,975.65. Australia's S&P/ASX 200 surged 1.0% to 7,346.50. Hong Kong's trading was closed for a holiday.
"Asian equities rose on Thursday, following a positive handover from Wall Street where tech and growth sectors outperformed," said Anderson Alves of ActivTrades.
On Wednesday, the S&P 500 rose 0.3% to 4,363.80. The Dow ended flat, slipping 0.53 points to 34,377.81. The tech-heavy Nasdaq gained 0.7% to 14,571.64. Small company stocks also rose. The Russell 2000 index added 0.3% to 2,241.97.
Most of the S&P 500′s 11 sectors rose, with technology and communication accounting for a On big share of the gains. A mix of companies that rely on consumer spending also helped lift the market. Financial and energy companies fell.
Investors got more insight into the U.S. Federal Reserve's next policy moves after the central bank released the minutes from its policymakers' meeting last month.
"You're starting to get a framework of how they're going to go about it, and the market is really just desperate for some clarity," he said. "At least we're starting to see the game plan,'' said J.J. Kinahan, chief strategist with TD Ameritrade.
Fed officials agreed at their last meeting that if the economy continued to improve, they could start reducing their monthly bond purchases as soon as next month and bring them to an end by mid-2022.
Banks were among the heaviest weights on the market. JPMorgan Chase fell 2.6% after its latest earnings showed that the bank struggled to grow revenues with interest rates at near-zero levels. Falling bond yields also hurt, since lenders rely on higher yields to charge more lucrative interest on loans. American Express fell 3.5% and Capital One Financial dropped 3.3%.
Delta Air Lines slid 5.8% for the biggest drop in the S&P 500 after warning that rising fuel prices will challenge its ability to remain profitable. It also forecast higher labor costs. United Airlines fell 3.9% and American Airlines slid 3.3%.
Investors took the latest update on inflation in stride. Consumer prices rose 5.4% in September from a year earlier, matching the highest rate since 2008. That was slightly higher than economists expected. Many businesses are dealing with supply chain disruptions and delays amid rising demand for goods, and are warning that will increase costs and crimp their financial results.
"There's a lot of nervousness and anxiety about inflation right now," said Kristina Hooper, chief global market strategist at Invesco. "We're going to see a lot of volatility and shifts in leadership; that's just part of the transition period we're in."
As companies raise prices to offset higher shipping and raw materials costs, analysts are concerned higher prices could stall consumer spending, the key driver for economic growth. The latest report from the Labor Department showed that costs of new cars, food, gas, and restaurant meals all jumped in September.
Investors will get more data on U.S. consumer spending on Friday when the Commerce Department reports retails sales for September.
In energy trading, benchmark U.S. crude edged up 2 cents to $80.46 a barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. It lost 20 cents to $80.44 on Wednesday. Brent crude, the international standard, rose 5 cents to $83.23 a barrel.
In currency trading, the U.S. dollar rose to 113.50 Japanese yen from 113.28 yen. The euro cost $1.1595, inching up from $1.1593.
AP Business Writers Damian J. Troise and Alex Veiga contributed.
Yuri Kageyama is on Twitter https://twitter.com/yurikageyama
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
RWTH Aachen Research Data Management Guidelines
RWTH strives to make a substantial contribution to solving the great societal research questions of our time and make new knowledge accessible and useable to science and society. Managing, securing, storing and sustainably providing research data are all activities that must meet recognized standards and the highest demands. Furthermore, legal and ethical considerations and the differences between the disciplinary cultures are to be taken into account.
- Research data are data that are generated, gathered, observed, simulated, or derived.
- RWTH promotes open access to research data. However, researchers are not obligated to make their data accessible to individuals outside the project team prior to their processing, evaluation, and publication, except vis-a-vis relevant commissions. Furthermore, contractual agreements shall remain unaffected thereby.
- The management of research data includes their planning, recording, processing, and maintenance. It ensures access to and re-use, reproducibility, and quality assurance of research data on which scientific results are based.
- Project leaders and independent researchers are, as a rule, responsible for research data management in their research projects. In particular, they are obligated to ensure good academic practice and uphold disciplinary standards. The project members are responsible for the accuracy of all research data collected and for meeting all pertinent regulations.
- Research projects involving research data require a data management plan which regulates, among other aspects, access rights and restrictions for the research data.
- RWTH Aachen provides consulting services on research data management, from the planning stage through the completion of the project. Furthermore, it provides educational offerings on research data management.
- RWTH Aachen provides and maintains a suitable infrastructure for research data management and thus ensures that digital research data adequately stored and reliably accessible at any time. Specific requirements are to be agreed and, if necessary, funding provided.
- Storage and archiving of digital research data takes place using RWTH Aachen's information and IT infrastructure or, alternatively, using recognized external and internal data repositories.
- In their treatment of research data, RWTH Aachen and its researchers act in accordance with ethical, data protection, copyright, and confidentiality requirements. The evaluation of research data according to the Employee Invention Act shall remain unaffected thereby.
- When transferring rights of reuse or publication, the research data shall remain freely accessible for scientific purposes
Status as of March 8, 2016.


text:
The Python interpreter has a number of functions built into it that are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order.
Return True if all elements of the iterable are true (or if the iterable is empty). Equivalent to:
def all(iterable):
for element in iterable:
if not element:
return False
return True
New in version 2.5.
Return True if any element of the iterable is true. If the iterable is empty, return False. Equivalent to:
def any(iterable):
for element in iterable:
if element:
return True
return False
New in version 2.5.
This abstract type is the superclass for str and unicode. It cannot be called or instantiated, but it can be used to test whether an object is an instance of str or unicode. isinstance(obj, basestring) is equivalent to isinstance(obj, (str, unicode)).
New in version 2.3.
Convert an integer number to a binary string. The result is a valid Python expression. If x is not a Python int object, it has to define an __index__() method that returns an integer.
New in version 2.6.
Convert a value to a Boolean, using the standard truth testing procedure. If x is false or omitted, this returns False; otherwise it returns True. bool is also a class, which is a subclass of int. Class bool cannot be subclassed further. Its only instances are False and True.
New in version 2.2.1.
Changed in version 2.3: If no argument is given, this function returns False.
Return a class method for function.
A class method receives the class as implicit first argument, just like an instance method receives the instance. To declare a class method, use this idiom:
class C:
def f(cls, arg1, arg2, ...): ...
The @classmethod form is a function decorator – see the description of function definitions in Function definitions for details.
It can be called either on the class (such as C.f()) or on an instance (such as C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class. If a class method is called for a derived class, the derived class object is passed as the implied first argument.
Class methods are different than C++ or Java static methods. If you want those, see staticmethod() in this section.
For more information on class methods, consult the documentation on the standard type hierarchy in The standard type hierarchy.
New in version 2.2.
Changed in version 2.4: Function decorator syntax added.
Compile the source into a code or AST object. Code objects can be executed by an exec statement or evaluated by a call to eval(). source can either be a string or an AST object. Refer to the ast module documentation for information on how to work with AST objects.
The filename argument should give the file from which the code was read; pass some recognizable value if it wasn't read from a file ('<string>' is commonly used).
The mode argument specifies what kind of code must be compiled; it can be 'exec' if source consists of a sequence of statements, 'eval' if it consists of a single expression, or 'single' if it consists of a single interactive statement (in the latter case, expression statements that evaluate to something else than None will be printed).
The optional arguments flags and dont_inherit control which future statements (see PEP 236) affect the compilation of source. If neither is present (or both are zero) the code is compiled with those future statements that are in effect in the code that is calling compile. If the flags argument is given and dont_inherit is not (or is zero) then the future statements specified by the flags argument are used in addition to those that would be used anyway. If dont_inherit is a non-zero integer then the flags argument is it – the future statements in effect around the call to compile are ignored.
Future statements are specified by bits which can be bitwise ORed together to specify multiple statements. The bitfield required to specify a given feature can be found as the compiler_flag attribute on the _Feature instance in the __future__ module.
This function raises SyntaxError if the compiled source is invalid, and TypeError if the source contains null bytes.
When compiling a string with multi-line statements, line endings must be represented by a single newline character ('\n'), and the input must be terminated by at least one newline character. If line endings are represented by '\r\n', use str.replace() to change them into '\n'.
Changed in version 2.3: The flags and dont_inherit arguments were added.
Changed in version 2.6: Support for compiling AST objects.
Create a complex number with the value real + imag*j or convert a string or number to a complex number. If the first parameter is a string, it will be interpreted as a complex number and the function must be called without a second parameter. The second parameter can never be a string. Each argument may be any numeric type (including complex). If imag is omitted, it defaults to zero and the function serves as a numeric conversion function like int(), long() and float(). If both arguments are omitted, returns 0j.
The complex type is described in Numeric Types — int, float, long, complex.
Create a new data dictionary, optionally with items taken from arg. The dictionary type is described in Mapping Types — dict.
For other containers see the built in list, set, and tuple classes, and the collections module.
Without arguments, return the list of names in the current local scope. With an argument, attempt to return a list of valid attributes for that object.
If the object has a method named __dir__(), this method will be called and must return the list of attributes. This allows objects that implement a custom __getattr__() or __getattribute__() function to customize the way dir() reports their attributes.
If the object does not provide __dir__(), the function tries its best to gather information from the object's __dict__ attribute, if defined, and from its type object. The resulting list is not necessarily complete, and may be inaccurate when the object has a custom __getattr__().
The default dir() mechanism behaves differently with different types of objects, as it attempts to produce the most relevant, rather than complete, information:
The resulting list is sorted alphabetically. For example:
>>> import struct
>>> dir() # doctest: +SKIP
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__name__', 'struct']
>>> dir(struct) # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
['Struct', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__',
'__package__', '_clearcache', 'calcsize', 'error', 'pack', 'pack_into',
'unpack', 'unpack_from']
>>> class Foo(object):
... def __dir__(self):
... return ["kan", "ga", "roo"]
>>> f = Foo()
>>> dir(f)
['ga', 'kan', 'roo']
Because dir() is supplied primarily as a convenience for use at an interactive prompt, it tries to supply an interesting set of names more than it tries to supply a rigorously or consistently defined set of names, and its detailed behavior may change across releases. For example, metaclass attributes are not in the result list when the argument is a class.
Take two (non complex) numbers as arguments and return a pair of numbers consisting of their quotient and remainder when using long division. With mixed operand types, the rules for binary arithmetic operators apply. For plain and long integers, the result is the same as (a // b, a % b). For floating point numbers the result is (q, a % b), where q is usually math.floor(a / b) but may be 1 less than that. In any case q * b + a % b is very close to a, if a % b is non-zero it has the same sign as b, and 0 <= abs(a % b) < abs(b).
Changed in version 2.3: Using divmod() with complex numbers is deprecated.
Return an enumerate object. sequence must be a sequence, an iterator, or some other object which supports iteration. The next() method of the iterator returned by enumerate() returns a tuple containing a count (from start which defaults to 0) and the corresponding value obtained from iterating over iterable. enumerate() is useful for obtaining an indexed series: (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), .... For example:
>>> for i, season in enumerate(['Spring', 'Summer', 'Fall', 'Winter']):
... print i, season
0 Spring
1 Summer
2 Fall
3 Winter
New in version 2.3.
New in version 2.6: The start parameter.
The arguments are a string and optional globals and locals. If provided, globals must be a dictionary. If provided, locals can be any mapping object.
Changed in version 2.4: formerly locals was required to be a dictionary.
The expression argument is parsed and evaluated as a Python expression (technically speaking, a condition list) using the globals and locals dictionaries as global and local namespace. If the globals dictionary is present and lacks '__builtins__', the current globals are copied into globals before expression is parsed. This means that expression normally has full access to the standard __builtin__ module and restricted environments are propagated. If the locals dictionary is omitted it defaults to the globals dictionary. If both dictionaries are omitted, the expression is executed in the environment where eval() is called. The return value is the result of the evaluated expression. Syntax errors are reported as exceptions. Example:
>>> x = 1
>>> print eval('x+1')
This function can also be used to execute arbitrary code objects (such as those created by compile()). In this case pass a code object instead of a string. If the code object has been compiled with 'exec' as the kind argument, eval()'s return value will be None.
Hints: dynamic execution of statements is supported by the exec statement. Execution of statements from a file is supported by the execfile() function. The globals() and locals() functions returns the current global and local dictionary, respectively, which may be useful to pass around for use by eval() or execfile().
This function is similar to the exec statement, but parses a file instead of a string. It is different from the import statement in that it does not use the module administration — it reads the file unconditionally and does not create a new module. [1]
The arguments are a file name and two optional dictionaries. The file is parsed and evaluated as a sequence of Python statements (similarly to a module) using the globals and locals dictionaries as global and local namespace. If provided, locals can be any mapping object.
Changed in version 2.4: formerly locals was required to be a dictionary.
If the locals dictionary is omitted it defaults to the globals dictionary. If both dictionaries are omitted, the expression is executed in the environment where execfile() is called. The return value is None.
The default locals act as described for function locals() below: modifications to the default locals dictionary should not be attempted. Pass an explicit locals dictionary if you need to see effects of the code on locals after function execfile() returns. execfile() cannot be used reliably to modify a function's locals.
Constructor function for the file type, described further in section File Objects. The constructor's arguments are the same as those of the open() built-in function described below.
When opening a file, it's preferable to use open() instead of invoking this constructor directly. file is more suited to type testing (for example, writing isinstance(f, file)).
New in version 2.2.
Construct a list from those elements of iterable for which function returns true. iterable may be either a sequence, a container which supports iteration, or an iterator. If iterable is a string or a tuple, the result also has that type; otherwise it is always a list. If function is None, the identity function is assumed, that is, all elements of iterable that are false are removed.
Note that filter(function, iterable) is equivalent to [item for item in iterable if function(item)] if function is not None and [item for item in iterable if item] if function is None.
See itertools.filterfalse() for the complementary function that returns elements of iterable for which function returns false.
Convert a string or a number to floating point. If the argument is a string, it must contain a possibly signed decimal or floating point number, possibly embedded in whitespace. The argument may also be [+|-]nan or [+|-]inf. Otherwise, the argument may be a plain or long integer or a floating point number, and a floating point number with the same value (within Python's floating point precision) is returned. If no argument is given, returns 0.0.
When passing in a string, values for NaN and Infinity may be returned, depending on the underlying C library. Float accepts the strings nan, inf and -inf for NaN and positive or negative infinity. The case and a leading + are ignored as well as a leading - is ignored for NaN. Float always represents NaN and infinity as nan, inf or -inf.
The float type is described in Numeric Types — int, float, long, complex.
Convert a value to a "formatted" representation, as controlled by format_spec. The interpretation of format_spec will depend on the type of the value argument, however there is a standard formatting syntax that is used by most built-in types: Format Specification Mini-Language.
format(value, format_spec) merely calls value.__format__(format_spec).
New in version 2.6.
Return a frozenset object, optionally with elements taken from iterable. The frozenset type is described in Set Types — set, frozenset.
For other containers see the built in dict, list, and tuple classes, and the collections module.
New in version 2.4.
Invoke the built-in help system. (This function is intended for interactive use.) If no argument is given, the interactive help system starts on the interpreter console. If the argument is a string, then the string is looked up as the name of a module, function, class, method, keyword, or documentation topic, and a help page is printed on the console. If the argument is any other kind of object, a help page on the object is generated.
This function is added to the built-in namespace by the site module.
New in version 2.2.
Convert an integer number (of any size) to a hexadecimal string. The result is a valid Python expression.
Changed in version 2.4: Formerly only returned an unsigned literal.
Equivalent to eval(raw_input(prompt)).
This function is not safe from user errors! It expects a valid Python expression as input; if the input is not syntactically valid, a SyntaxError will be raised. Other exceptions may be raised if there is an error during evaluation. (On the other hand, sometimes this is exactly what you need when writing a quick script for expert use.)
If the readline module was loaded, then input() will use it to provide elaborate line editing and history features.
Consider using the raw_input() function for general input from users.
Convert a string or number to a plain integer. If the argument is a string, it must contain a possibly signed decimal number representable as a Python integer, possibly embedded in whitespace. The radix parameter gives the base for the conversion (which is 10 by default) and may be any integer in the range [2, 36], or zero. If radix is zero, the proper radix is determined based on the contents of string; the interpretation is the same as for integer literals. (See Numeric literals.) If radix is specified and x is not a string, TypeError is raised. Otherwise, the argument may be a plain or long integer or a floating point number. Conversion of floating point numbers to integers truncates (towards zero). If the argument is outside the integer range a long object will be returned instead. If no arguments are given, returns 0.
The integer type is described in Numeric Types — int, float, long, complex.
Return true if the object argument is an instance of the classinfo argument, or of a (direct or indirect) subclass thereof. Also return true if classinfo is a type object (new-style class) and object is an object of that type or of a (direct or indirect) subclass thereof. If object is not a class instance or an object of the given type, the function always returns false. If classinfo is neither a class object nor a type object, it may be a tuple of class or type objects, or may recursively contain other such tuples (other sequence types are not accepted). If classinfo is not a class, type, or tuple of classes, types, and such tuples, a TypeError exception is raised.
Changed in version 2.2: Support for a tuple of type information was added.
Return true if class is a subclass (direct or indirect) of classinfo. A class is considered a subclass of itself. classinfo may be a tuple of class objects, in which case every entry in classinfo will be checked. In any other case, a TypeError exception is raised.
Changed in version 2.3: Support for a tuple of type information was added.
Return an iterator object. The first argument is interpreted very differently depending on the presence of the second argument. Without a second argument, o must be a collection object which supports the iteration protocol (the __iter__() method), or it must support the sequence protocol (the __getitem__() method with integer arguments starting at 0). If it does not support either of those protocols, TypeError is raised. If the second argument, sentinel, is given, then o must be a callable object. The iterator created in this case will call o with no arguments for each call to its next() method; if the value returned is equal to sentinel, StopIteration will be raised, otherwise the value will be returned.
New in version 2.2.
Return a list whose items are the same and in the same order as iterable's items. iterable may be either a sequence, a container that supports iteration, or an iterator object. If iterable is already a list, a copy is made and returned, similar to iterable[:]. For instance, list('abc') returns ['a', 'b', 'c'] and list( (1, 2, 3) ) returns [1, 2, 3]. If no argument is given, returns a new empty list, [].
list is a mutable sequence type, as documented in Sequence Types — str, unicode, list, tuple, buffer, xrange. For other containers see the built in dict, set, and tuple classes, and the collections module.
Update and return a dictionary representing the current local symbol table.
The contents of this dictionary should not be modified; changes may not affect the values of local variables used by the interpreter.
Free variables are returned by locals() when it is called in a function block. Modifications of free variables may not affect the values used by the interpreter. Free variables are not returned in class blocks.
Convert a string or number to a long integer. If the argument is a string, it must contain a possibly signed number of arbitrary size, possibly embedded in whitespace. The radix argument is interpreted in the same way as for int(), and may only be given when x is a string. Otherwise, the argument may be a plain or long integer or a floating point number, and a long integer with the same value is returned. Conversion of floating point numbers to integers truncates (towards zero). If no arguments are given, returns 0L.
The long type is described in Numeric Types — int, float, long, complex.
With a single argument iterable, return the largest item of a non-empty iterable (such as a string, tuple or list). With more than one argument, return the largest of the arguments.
The optional key argument specifies a one-argument ordering function like that used for list.sort(). The key argument, if supplied, must be in keyword form (for example, max(a,b,c,key=func)).
Changed in version 2.5: Added support for the optional key argument.
With a single argument iterable, return the smallest item of a non-empty iterable (such as a string, tuple or list). With more than one argument, return the smallest of the arguments.
The optional key argument specifies a one-argument ordering function like that used for list.sort(). The key argument, if supplied, must be in keyword form (for example, min(a,b,c,key=func)).
Changed in version 2.5: Added support for the optional key argument.
Retrieve the next item from the iterator by calling its next() method. If default is given, it is returned if the iterator is exhausted, otherwise StopIteration is raised.
New in version 2.6.
Return a new featureless object. object is a base for all new style classes. It has the methods that are common to all instances of new style classes.
New in version 2.2.
Changed in version 2.3: This function does not accept any arguments. Formerly, it accepted arguments but ignored them.
Convert an integer number (of any size) to an octal string. The result is a valid Python expression.
Changed in version 2.4: Formerly only returned an unsigned literal.
Open a file, returning an object of the file type described in section File Objects. If the file cannot be opened, IOError is raised. When opening a file, it's preferable to use open() instead of invoking the file constructor directly.
The first two arguments are the same as for stdio's fopen: filename is the file name to be opened, and mode is a string indicating how the file is to be opened.
The most commonly-used values of mode are 'r' for reading, 'w' for writing (truncating the file if it already exists), and 'a' for appending (which on some Unix systems means that all writes append to the end of the file regardless of the current seek position). If mode is omitted, it defaults to 'r'. The default is to use text mode, which may convert '\n' characters to a platform-specific representation on writing and back on reading. Thus, when opening a binary file, you should append 'b' to the mode value to open the file in binary mode, which will improve portability. (Appending 'b' is useful even on systems that don't treat binary and text files differently, where it serves as documentation.) See below for more possible values of mode.
The optional bufsize argument specifies the file's desired buffer size: 0 means unbuffered, 1 means line buffered, any other positive value means use a buffer of (approximately) that size. A negative bufsize means to use the system default, which is usually line buffered for tty devices and fully buffered for other files. If omitted, the system default is used. [2]
Modes 'r+', 'w+' and 'a+' open the file for updating (note that 'w+' truncates the file). Append 'b' to the mode to open the file in binary mode, on systems that differentiate between binary and text files; on systems that don't have this distinction, adding the 'b' has no effect.
In addition to the standard fopen values mode may be 'U' or 'rU'. Python is usually built with universal newline support; supplying 'U' opens the file as a text file, but lines may be terminated by any of the following: the Unix end-of-line convention '\n', the Macintosh convention '\r', or the Windows convention '\r\n'. All of these external representations are seen as '\n' by the Python program. If Python is built without universal newline support a mode with 'U' is the same as normal text mode. Note that file objects so opened also have an attribute called newlines which has a value of None (if no newlines have yet been seen), '\n', '\r', '\r\n', or a tuple containing all the newline types seen.
Python enforces that the mode, after stripping 'U', begins with 'r', 'w' or 'a'.
Python provides many file handling modules including fileinput, os, os.path, tempfile, and shutil.
Changed in version 2.5: Restriction on first letter of mode string introduced.
Return x to the power y; if z is present, return x to the power y, modulo z (computed more efficiently than pow(x, y) % z). The two-argument form pow(x, y) is equivalent to using the power operator: x**y.
The arguments must have numeric types. With mixed operand types, the coercion rules for binary arithmetic operators apply. For int and long int operands, the result has the same type as the operands (after coercion) unless the second argument is negative; in that case, all arguments are converted to float and a float result is delivered. For example, 10**2 returns 100, but 10**-2 returns 0.01. (This last feature was added in Python 2.2. In Python 2.1 and before, if both arguments were of integer types and the second argument was negative, an exception was raised.) If the second argument is negative, the third argument must be omitted. If z is present, x and y must be of integer types, and y must be non-negative. (This restriction was added in Python 2.2. In Python 2.1 and before, floating 3-argument pow() returned platform-dependent results depending on floating-point rounding accidents.)
Print object(s) to the stream file, separated by sep and followed by end. sep, end and file, if present, must be given as keyword arguments.
All non-keyword arguments are converted to strings like str() does and written to the stream, separated by sep and followed by end. Both sep and end must be strings; they can also be None, which means to use the default values. If no object is given, print() will just write end.
The file argument must be an object with a write(string) method; if it is not present or None, sys.stdout will be used.
This function is not normally available as a builtin since the name print is recognized as the print statement. To disable the statement and use the print() function, use this future statement at the top of your module:
from __future__ import print_function
New in version 2.6.
Return a property attribute for new-style classes (classes that derive from object).
fget is a function for getting an attribute value, likewise fset is a function for setting, and fdel a function for del'ing, an attribute. Typical use is to define a managed attribute x:
class C(object):
def __init__(self):
self._x = None
def getx(self):
return self._x
def setx(self, value):
self._x = value
def delx(self):
del self._x
x = property(getx, setx, delx, "I'm the 'x' property.")
If given, doc will be the docstring of the property attribute. Otherwise, the property will copy fget's docstring (if it exists). This makes it possible to create read-only properties easily using property() as a decorator:
class Parrot(object):
def __init__(self):
self._voltage = 100000
def voltage(self):
"""Get the current voltage."""
return self._voltage
turns the voltage() method into a "getter" for a read-only attribute with the same name.
A property object has getter, setter, and deleter methods usable as decorators that create a copy of the property with the corresponding accessor function set to the decorated function. This is best explained with an example:
class C(object):
def __init__(self):
self._x = None
def x(self):
"""I'm the 'x' property."""
return self._x
def x(self, value):
self._x = value
def x(self):
del self._x
This code is exactly equivalent to the first example. Be sure to give the additional functions the same name as the original property (x in this case.)
The returned property also has the attributes fget, fset, and fdel corresponding to the constructor arguments.
New in version 2.2.
Changed in version 2.5: Use fget's docstring if no doc given.
Changed in version 2.6: The getter, setter, and deleter attributes were added.
This is a versatile function to create lists containing arithmetic progressions. It is most often used in for loops. The arguments must be plain integers. If the step argument is omitted, it defaults to 1. If the start argument is omitted, it defaults to 0. The full form returns a list of plain integers [start, start + step, start + 2 * step, ...]. If step is positive, the last element is the largest start + i * step less than stop; if step is negative, the last element is the smallest start + i * step greater than stop. step must not be zero (or else ValueError is raised). Example:
>>> range(10)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> range(1, 11)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> range(0, 30, 5)
[0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
>>> range(0, 10, 3)
[0, 3, 6, 9]
>>> range(0, -10, -1)
[0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]
>>> range(0)
>>> range(1, 0)
If the prompt argument is present, it is written to standard output without a trailing newline. The function then reads a line from input, converts it to a string (stripping a trailing newline), and returns that. When EOF is read, EOFError is raised. Example:
>>> s = raw_input('--> ')
--> Monty Python's Flying Circus
>>> s
"Monty Python's Flying Circus"
If the readline module was loaded, then raw_input() will use it to provide elaborate line editing and history features.
Reload a previously imported module. The argument must be a module object, so it must have been successfully imported before. This is useful if you have edited the module source file using an external editor and want to try out the new version without leaving the Python interpreter. The return value is the module object (the same as the module argument).
When reload(module) is executed:
There are a number of other caveats:
If a module is syntactically correct but its initialization fails, the first import statement for it does not bind its name locally, but does store a (partially initialized) module object in sys.modules. To reload the module you must first import it again (this will bind the name to the partially initialized module object) before you can reload() it.
When a module is reloaded, its dictionary (containing the module's global variables) is retained. Redefinitions of names will override the old definitions, so this is generally not a problem. If the new version of a module does not define a name that was defined by the old version, the old definition remains. This feature can be used to the module's advantage if it maintains a global table or cache of objects — with a try statement it can test for the table's presence and skip its initialization if desired:
except NameError:
cache = {}
It is legal though generally not very useful to reload built-in or dynamically loaded modules, except for sys, __main__ and __builtin__. In many cases, however, extension modules are not designed to be initialized more than once, and may fail in arbitrary ways when reloaded.
If a module imports objects from another module using from ... import ..., calling reload() for the other module does not redefine the objects imported from it — one way around this is to re-execute the from statement, another is to use import and qualified names (module.*name*) instead.
If a module instantiates instances of a class, reloading the module that defines the class does not affect the method definitions of the instances — they continue to use the old class definition. The same is true for derived classes.
Return a reverse iterator. seq must be an object which has a __reversed__() method or supports the sequence protocol (the __len__() method and the __getitem__() method with integer arguments starting at 0).
New in version 2.4.
Changed in version 2.6: Added the possibility to write a custom __reversed__() method.
Return a new set, optionally with elements are taken from iterable. The set type is described in Set Types — set, frozenset.
For other containers see the built in dict, list, and tuple classes, and the collections module.
New in version 2.4.
Return a slice object representing the set of indices specified by range(start, stop, step). The start and step arguments default to None. Slice objects have read-only data attributes start, stop and step which merely return the argument values (or their default). They have no other explicit functionality; however they are used by Numerical Python and other third party extensions. Slice objects are also generated when extended indexing syntax is used. For example: a[start:stop:step] or a[start:stop, i]. See itertools.islice() for an alternate version that returns an iterator.
Return a new sorted list from the items in iterable.
The optional arguments cmp, key, and reverse have the same meaning as those for the list.sort() method (described in section Mutable Sequence Types).
cmp specifies a custom comparison function of two arguments (iterable elements) which should return a negative, zero or positive number depending on whether the first argument is considered smaller than, equal to, or larger than the second argument: cmp=lambda x,y: cmp(x.lower(), y.lower()). The default value is None.
key specifies a function of one argument that is used to extract a comparison key from each list element: key=str.lower. The default value is None.
reverse is a boolean value. If set to True, then the list elements are sorted as if each comparison were reversed.
In general, the key and reverse conversion processes are much faster than specifying an equivalent cmp function. This is because cmp is called multiple times for each list element while key and reverse touch each element only once. To convert an old-style cmp function to a key function, see the CmpToKey recipe in the ASPN cookbook.
New in version 2.4.
Return a static method for function.
A static method does not receive an implicit first argument. To declare a static method, use this idiom:
class C:
def f(arg1, arg2, ...): ...
The @staticmethod form is a function decorator – see the description of function definitions in Function definitions for details.
It can be called either on the class (such as C.f()) or on an instance (such as C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class.
Static methods in Python are similar to those found in Java or C++. For a more advanced concept, see classmethod() in this section.
For more information on static methods, consult the documentation on the standard type hierarchy in The standard type hierarchy.
New in version 2.2.
Changed in version 2.4: Function decorator syntax added.
Return a string containing a nicely printable representation of an object. For strings, this returns the string itself. The difference with repr(object) is that str(object) does not always attempt to return a string that is acceptable to eval(); its goal is to return a printable string. If no argument is given, returns the empty string, ''.
For more information on strings see Sequence Types — str, unicode, list, tuple, buffer, xrange which describes sequence functionality (strings are sequences), and also the string-specific methods described in the String Methods section. To output formatted strings use template strings or the % operator described in the String Formatting Operations section. In addition see the String Services section. See also unicode().
Sums start and the items of an iterable from left to right and returns the total. start defaults to 0. The iterable's items are normally numbers, and are not allowed to be strings. The fast, correct way to concatenate a sequence of strings is by calling ''.join(sequence). Note that sum(range(n), m) is equivalent to reduce(operator.add, range(n), m) To add floating point values with extended precision, see math.fsum().
New in version 2.3.
Return a proxy object that delegates method calls to a parent or sibling class of type. This is useful for accessing inherited methods that have been overridden in a class. The search order is same as that used by getattr() except that the type itself is skipped.
The __mro__ attribute of the type lists the method resolution search order used by both getattr() and super(). The attribute is dynamic and can change whenever the inheritance hierarchy is updated.
If the second argument is omitted, the super object returned is unbound. If the second argument is an object, isinstance(obj, type) must be true. If the second argument is a type, issubclass(type2, type) must be true (this is useful for classmethods).
super() only works for new-style classes.
There are two typical use cases for super. In a class hierarchy with single inheritance, super can be used to refer to parent classes without naming them explicitly, thus making the code more maintainable. This use closely parallels the use of super in other programming languages.
The second use case is to support cooperative multiple inheritance in a dynamic execution environment. This use case is unique to Python and is not found in statically compiled languages or languages that only support single inheritance. This makes it possible to implement "diamond diagrams" where multiple base classes implement the same method. Good design dictates that this method have the same calling signature in every case (because the order of calls is determined at runtime, because that order adapts to changes in the class hierarchy, and because that order can include sibling classes that are unknown prior to runtime).
For both use cases, a typical superclass call looks like this:
class C(B):
def method(self, arg):
super(C, self).method(arg)
Note that super() is implemented as part of the binding process for explicit dotted attribute lookups such as super().__getitem__(name). It does so by implementing its own __getattribute__() method for searching classes in a predictable order that supports cooperative multiple inheritance. Accordingly, super() is undefined for implicit lookups using statements or operators such as super()[name].
Also note that super() is not limited to use inside methods. The two argument form specifies the arguments exactly and makes the appropriate references.
New in version 2.2.
Return a tuple whose items are the same and in the same order as iterable's items. iterable may be a sequence, a container that supports iteration, or an iterator object. If iterable is already a tuple, it is returned unchanged. For instance, tuple('abc') returns ('a', 'b', 'c') and tuple([1, 2, 3]) returns (1, 2, 3). If no argument is given, returns a new empty tuple, ().
tuple is an immutable sequence type, as documented in Sequence Types — str, unicode, list, tuple, buffer, xrange. For other containers see the built in dict, list, and set classes, and the collections module.
Return the type of an object. The return value is a type object. The isinstance() built-in function is recommended for testing the type of an object.
With three arguments, type() functions as a constructor as detailed below.
Return a new type object. This is essentially a dynamic form of the class statement. The name string is the class name and becomes the __name__ attribute; the bases tuple itemizes the base classes and becomes the __bases__ attribute; and the dict dictionary is the namespace containing definitions for class body and becomes the __dict__ attribute. For example, the following two statements create identical type objects:
>>> class X(object):
... a = 1
>>> X = type('X', (object,), dict(a=1))
New in version 2.2.
Return the Unicode string of one character whose Unicode code is the integer i. For example, unichr(97) returns the string u'a'. This is the inverse of ord() for Unicode strings. The valid range for the argument depends how Python was configured – it may be either UCS2 [0..0xFFFF] or UCS4 [0..0x10FFFF]. ValueError is raised otherwise. For ASCII and 8-bit strings see chr().
New in version 2.0.
Return the Unicode string version of object using one of the following modes:
If encoding and/or errors are given, unicode() will decode the object which can either be an 8-bit string or a character buffer using the codec for encoding. The encoding parameter is a string giving the name of an encoding; if the encoding is not known, LookupError is raised. Error handling is done according to errors; this specifies the treatment of characters which are invalid in the input encoding. If errors is 'strict' (the default), a ValueError is raised on errors, while a value of 'ignore' causes errors to be silently ignored, and a value of 'replace' causes the official Unicode replacement character, U+FFFD, to be used to replace input characters which cannot be decoded. See also the codecs module.
If no optional parameters are given, unicode() will mimic the behaviour of str() except that it returns Unicode strings instead of 8-bit strings. More precisely, if object is a Unicode string or subclass it will return that Unicode string without any additional decoding applied.
For objects which provide a __unicode__() method, it will call this method without arguments to create a Unicode string. For all other objects, the 8-bit string version or representation is requested and then converted to a Unicode string using the codec for the default encoding in 'strict' mode.
For more information on Unicode strings see Sequence Types — str, unicode, list, tuple, buffer, xrange which describes sequence functionality (Unicode strings are sequences), and also the string-specific methods described in the String Methods section. To output formatted strings use template strings or the % operator described in the String Formatting Operations section. In addition see the String Services section. See also str().
New in version 2.0.
Changed in version 2.2: Support for __unicode__() added.
Without arguments, return a dictionary corresponding to the current local symbol table. With a module, class or class instance object as argument (or anything else that has a __dict__ attribute), returns a dictionary corresponding to the object's symbol table.
The returned dictionary should not be modified: the effects on the corresponding symbol table are undefined. [3]
This function is very similar to range(), but returns an "xrange object" instead of a list. This is an opaque sequence type which yields the same values as the corresponding list, without actually storing them all simultaneously. The advantage of xrange() over range() is minimal (since xrange() still has to create the values when asked for them) except when a very large range is used on a memory-starved machine or when all of the range's elements are never used (such as when the loop is usually terminated with break).
xrange() is intended to be simple and fast. Implementations may impose restrictions to achieve this. The C implementation of Python restricts all arguments to native C longs ("short" Python integers), and also requires that the number of elements fit in a native C long. If a larger range is needed, an alternate version can be crafted using the itertools module: islice(count(start, step), (stop-start+step-1)//step).
This function returns a list of tuples, where the i-th tuple contains the i-th element from each of the argument sequences or iterables. The returned list is truncated in length to the length of the shortest argument sequence. When there are multiple arguments which are all of the same length, zip() is similar to map() with an initial argument of None. With a single sequence argument, it returns a list of 1-tuples. With no arguments, it returns an empty list.
The left-to-right evaluation order of the iterables is guaranteed. This makes possible an idiom for clustering a data series into n-length groups using zip(*[iter(s)]*n).
zip() in conjunction with the * operator can be used to unzip a list:
>>> x = [1, 2, 3]
>>> y = [4, 5, 6]
>>> zipped = zip(x, y)
>>> zipped
[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]
>>> x2, y2 = zip(*zipped)
>>> x == x2, y == y2
New in version 2.0.
Changed in version 2.4: Formerly, zip() required at least one argument and zip() raised a TypeError instead of returning an empty list.
This is an advanced function that is not needed in everyday Python programming.
This function is invoked by the import statement. It can be replaced (by importing the builtins module and assigning to builtins.__import__) in order to change semantics of the import statement, but nowadays it is usually simpler to use import hooks (see PEP 302). Direct use of __import__() is rare, except in cases where you want to import a module whose name is only known at runtime.
The function imports the module name, potentially using the given globals and locals to determine how to interpret the name in a package context. The fromlist gives the names of objects or submodules that should be imported from the module given by name. The standard implementation does not use its locals argument at all, and uses its globals only to determine the package context of the import statement.
level specifies whether to use absolute or relative imports. The default is -1 which indicates both absolute and relative imports will be attempted. 0 means only perform absolute imports. Positive values for level indicate the number of parent directories to search relative to the directory of the module calling __import__().
When the name variable is of the form package.module, normally, the top-level package (the name up till the first dot) is returned, not the module named by name. However, when a non-empty fromlist argument is given, the module named by name is returned.
For example, the statement import spam results in bytecode resembling the following code:
spam = __import__('spam', globals(), locals(), [], -1)
The statement import spam.ham results in this call:
spam = __import__('spam.ham', globals(), locals(), [], -1)
Note how __import__() returns the toplevel module here because this is the object that is bound to a name by the import statement.
On the other hand, the statement from spam.ham import eggs, sausage as saus results in
_temp = __import__('spam.ham', globals(), locals(), ['eggs', 'sausage'], -1)
eggs = _temp.eggs
saus = _temp.sausage
Here, the spam.ham module is returned from __import__(). From this object, the names to import are retrieved and assigned to their respective names.
If you simply want to import a module (potentially within a package) by name, you can get it from sys.modules:
>>> import sys
>>> name = 'foo.bar.baz'
>>> __import__(name)
<module 'foo' from ...>
>>> baz = sys.modules[name]
>>> baz
<module 'foo.bar.baz' from ...>
Changed in version 2.5: The level parameter was added.
Changed in version 2.5: Keyword support for parameters was added.
There are several built-in functions that are no longer essential to learn, know or use in modern Python programming. They have been kept here to maintain backwards compatibility with programs written for older versions of Python.
Python programmers, trainers, students and book writers should feel free to bypass these functions without concerns about missing something important.
The function argument must be a callable object (a user-defined or built-in function or method, or a class object) and the args argument must be a sequence. The function is called with args as the argument list; the number of arguments is the length of the tuple. If the optional keywords argument is present, it must be a dictionary whose keys are strings. It specifies keyword arguments to be added to the end of the argument list. Calling apply() is different from just calling function(args), since in that case there is always exactly one argument. The use of apply() is equivalent to function(*args, **keywords).
Deprecated since version 2.3: Use the extended call syntax with *args and **keywords instead.
Enter string in the table of "interned" strings and return the interned string – which is string itself or a copy. Interning strings is useful to gain a little performance on dictionary lookup – if the keys in a dictionary are interned, and the lookup key is interned, the key comparisons (after hashing) can be done by a pointer compare instead of a string compare. Normally, the names used in Python programs are automatically interned, and the dictionaries used to hold module, class or instance attributes have interned keys.
Changed in version 2.3: Interned strings are not immortal (like they used to be in Python 2.2 and before); you must keep a reference to the return value of intern() around to benefit from it.
|It is used relatively rarely so does not warrant being made into a statement.
|Specifying a buffer size currently has no effect on systems that don't have setvbuf. The interface to specify the buffer size is not done using a method that calls setvbuf, because that may dump core when called after any I/O has been performed, and there's no reliable way to determine whether this is the case.
|In the current implementation, local variable bindings cannot normally be affected this way, but variables retrieved from other scopes (such as modules) can be. This may change.


text:
TMI Challenge
So we always say that there is no such thing as TMI on vegweb.
I dare someone to come up with something that is, in fact, TMI for this forum.
My bets are on lubi or CK ftw.
The winner gets a box of prizes from KMK. F'reals.
Extra points for humor and/or sex.
We should have a TMI competition at the Great California VegWeb Bash of '09. I have me some stories.
all right someone has to...
i am naked right now (getting ready to go out)
but i have a yeast infection. ew.
i actually don't know if i should be posting this. i am definitely expanding my comfort zone.
i am definitely expanding my comfort zone.
Mine too.
Kudos to you for your bravery and honesty.
yeah but the whole idea is that i started, so now other people post...
OH man............
Since we're on a theme here....one time, several years ago, I was near the end of my period and wearing a pad. I was in the kitchen, I think walking through it to go into my bedroom, I was wearing shorts and the pad FELL OUT!! And with my luck my dad was standing there. I don't know if I picked it up right away or if I just ran into my room, but yeah...
im half tempted to make something up....for a box o prizes...
im half tempted to make something up....for a box o prizes...
Oh, girl, I'll bring you a friggin box of presents.
P.S. Thanks for the card! :-*
::) yeayh!
Oh...thought of one...kinda...so I was doing laundry yesterday, and Ive been on my period and, well, my diva is just NOT ENOUGH even if i change it every few hours, so I have to wear a pad for a few days of the cycle....well, I share a bathroom with the kids I nanny for and I don't want o be throwing my pads out in there, so I usually smuggle them into my bedroom via a discrete hand or pocket....Well, I guess whenever I changed, I had a pad in my pocket- must been right before bed that I put it there. Well, It went through the wash and apparently into the dry and well, it swelled up HUGE into this really nasty thing...Well, I was lucky nobody else snuck into do a load of laundry before I got there and discovered it. EWWW!
(extra points for starting almost every sentence with "well"?)
oh...what happens if i happen to still have it availible and post a picture? Extra points? Yes?
and i was mostly naked when I took this pic, ftr. ::)
heres the offending stowaway napkin:
I MIGHT be taking this too far, but....
Sure Ill wash the toy, but I think the napkin is truly sanitary at this point (no pun intended) as it did go through the wash and dryer...
Zeal - What's that drawing in the background?


text:
Five Fantastic Felines
Cats can bring a smile just by doing what they normally do. A few do so in amazingly helpful and inspiring ways.
The Brave Church Cat
A stray cat wandered into St Augustine's and St Faith's Church in London in 1936. She was named Faith and adopted by the rector and parishioners. She would sit at the pulpit while Father Henry Ross preached. In 1940, Faith gave birth to a single kitten named Panda. On September 6th, Faith demanded access to the church basement. When a door was opened for her, she carried her kitten down to the dark cellar. Father Ross retrieved the kitten twice, but Faith carried him back downstairs -twice. She even missed a church service, which was unusual. The next day, air raids began in the Battle of London, and by the 9th, 400 people had been killed and eight churches were destroyed by bombs. Father Ross returned to the church to find it ruined. He called for Faith and heard faint meowing in return. He retrieved both Faith and Panda from the rubble just before the roof collapsed. Faith was nominated for a Dinkin Medal, for which she was not eligible as a civilian, but she was awarded a special medal for bravery anyway. Faith was presented with the medal in a special ceremony in 1945 attended by the Archbishop of Canterbury. When Faith died peacefully at the age of 14, the church was again packed for her funeral.
The Taxi Cat
Dan Somers drives a cab in West Palm Beach, Florida. His is the best-known cab in town since he began bringing his cat Rambo along while he works. Rambo loves to ride and look out the window, and people love riding with a cat. Rambo gets along well with most fares, but will hide under the seat when a drunk man is riding.
The Stationmaster
Tama, a nine-year-old
tabby calico, is credited with saving the Wakayama Electric Railway Company of Japan from financial ruin. Wakayama was losing money and laid off employees. Tama, who was born to a stray at the Kinokawa station, remained at her post (not that she had anywhere else to go). In January of 2007, she was named Stationmaster and the resulting publicity boosted ridership tremendously, saving Wakayama from bankruptcy. She is now the fifth-highest ranking officer in the company. Tama even has her own uniform and office!
The Cat with No Face
Chase was in a traffic accident that left her without a nose, cheek skin, or eyelids. She also lost one leg. Chase has her own blog called Daily Tails of Chase, where her talent is listed as "Never lost a staring contest".
I was in an accident when I was 4 wks, I became disfigured. I have a Furry Will to survive and I am completely healed now at age 3. I require medication during the day to keep my eyes moist. I will always look different but I am in NO PAIN! I have seen 10 vets and they can attest to that! I'm a happy kitty and hope to help other humans (especially those disfigured) thru my work as a therapy cat feel just as great about themselves and realize that not everyone looks perfect and that is OK.
Chase was recently featured in a newspaper article that led to worldwide publicity. As a result, her blog has new fans, including the artist who goes by the name Namowal, who sent Chase this portrait. I used this as an illustration because photographs of Chase may be disturbing to the sensitive. She is also the recipient of poetry and personalized greeting cards. Chase is now a therapy cat working through Paws for Friendship, making appearances to encourage those with deformities and educate others about disabilities.
The Devoted Mother
In 1996, a fire broke out in a suspected crack house in Brooklyn. A cat later named Scarlett was observed carrying her kittens out of the building one by one. She was severely burned, and blinded by blisters. She touched each kitten with her nose to make sure they were all safe from the fire, then collapsed. Firefighter David Giannelli took the cat and kittens to the North Shore Animal League clinic. The League received 7,000 applications to adopt Scarlett and her kittens! Three families were selected, and Scarlett made a full recovery. Scarlett's story was made into a book, Scarlett Saves her Family, and a children's book, The Bravest Cat. The North Shore Animal League created an honor in her name, the Scarlett Award, for animal heroism.
See also: Five Famous Felines and The LOLcat of Death.


text:
Leather Tawny is a quality handmade leather and fabric cushion designed and made in Australia.
It is the perfect addition to your armchair, sofa or bed!
Both sides of the cushion are designed to be used as the front or back so you can mix it up. One side is a tawny coloured genuine leather and the other side is a wool felt from New Zealand.
Approximate cushion cover dimensions :
50cm x 30cm lumbar to suit a 50x30cm cushion insert.
**Please note depending on the fill of the insert and how plump you like it the size can vary!
* does not include insert - please add insert from our shop if you wish one to be included
* sorry we do not ship inserts on any international orders in order to keep shipping costs down for our customers
Available in 3 different shapes but we can also customise orders in different colours - please send us an email if you have a special request!
Each cushion is made to order so delivery is approx 7 business days from purchase. Allow more for international shipping.
Posted through Australia Post with tracking or via courier depending on location.
If you have a special request for a colour which appears to be sold out, or any other questions, please get in touch with us, we'd be happy to accommodate your order.
* colours may vary slightly from how it appears on your screen.


text:
What Ibn Taymiyya Says About the Term 'Tasawwuf'
And now permit us to mention what Imam Ibn Taymiyya, mentioned about the definition of Tasawwuf.
"This is a term that was given to those who were dealing with that kind of science [tazkiyyat an-nafs and Ihsan]. And it is like when one uses the term "from the Quraishi family" or from the Madani people or from the Hashemi family. It is a lineage (nasab), just as we say Hashemi for the descendants of the Prophet (s) or Quraishi for his tribe and Madani for those of his city, we say Sufi (nisbatan) indicating the relationship of those people to that science."
He continues,
"the majority of the scholars (jumhour al-'ulama), did not deny that science since it complies with the shari'ah and the Sunnah and they were supporting it."
'Abdullah bin Muhammad bin 'Abdul Wahhab On Tasawwuf
Here we would like to quote for you from his eminence Mohammed Manzour Nu'mani in his letter, page 85, from his book Ad-Dia'aat Mukathaffa Di'd ash-Shaykh Muhammad bin 'Abdal Wahhab where he says:
"Shaykh 'Abdullah, the son of shaykh Muhammad bin 'Abdul Wahhab, said about Tasawwuf:
"laa nunkiru at-tariqat as-sufiyyata…"
"My father and I, we don't deny or criticise the Science of Sufism, but on the contrary we support it because it cleans the external and the internal of the hidden sins which are related to the heart and the veins and the outward form, even though the individual might externally be on the right way, but internally he might be on the wrong way. And that is why tasawwuf is necessary. But we don't expect and we don't like to see some of those using the name of Tasawwuf…"
We are going to stop here, because it will be too lengthy for our readers and our time is limited, since we said we needed more time people accused us of avoiding the issue. And what we have said here is only a drop in an ocean of what can be said about this subject. And we are still addressing only the first question.


text:
What are you drinking?
Just in time for the Texans game: Four super Bloody Mary recipes for your SundayFunday
There are billions of reasons for day drinking on a Sunday: you need a little hair of the dog, the Texans are winning, you're thirsty in church, it's the holidays and you have a house full of family drama, to name a few.
And there is no better concoction for a Sunday Funday than a Bloody Mary. Brunch says to it, "You complete me."
We owe a debt of gratitude to the French for our pervasive Sunday elixir. Legend has it that the Bloody Mary was created by Fernand "Pete" Petiot at Harry's New York Bar in Paris in the early 1920s and after the end of that ghastly period known as Prohibition, he imported his basic recipe to the King Cole Bar in New York.
Over the years the Bloody Mary has taken on a myriad of styles while staying true to its core ingredients. The basic backbone of a bloody — vodka and tomato juice — gives it an ideal frame for an immeasurable variety of spices and garnishes to customize it to suit your mood.
Recently I stumbled across a wonderful book by Judy Bennett, Bloody Marys: Sanguine Solutions for a Slew of Situations, that has dozens of scrumptious recipes to fit any reason you have for drinking a cocktail. In her book, Bennett mixes wit and wisdom as deftly as she mixes booze and bitters. It's full of clever anecdotes to accompany each recipe.
As a food and drink writer, I felt it was my duty to work my way through the book, finding the recipes I like best for conjuring a mid-day haze on a lazy afternoon. We are fortunate to have several excellent hand-crafted vodkas made right here in Texas like newcomers 1876 Vodka and Starlite Vodka from Treaty Oak Distilling Co.; and stalwarts like Deep Eddy Vodka, Dripping Springs Vodka, Savvy Vodka and Tito's Handmade Vodka.
I substituted all of the recommended vodkas in Bennett's book Texas vodka to give them a local flair. Give these a try.
Go Packers
This is the official tailgate recipe of the Green Bay Packers, but you can make it suitable for a Longhorns, Cowboys or Texans game by mixing it with local Deep Eddy Vodka.
- Generous amounts of Worcestershire sauce, 4-5 dashes
- 3 drops Tabasco sauce, or to taste
- 3 dashes celery salt
- Juice from 1 lemon wedge
- 2 fingers Deep Eddy Vodka
- 2-3 fingers tomato juice
- Dill pickle spear, to serve (optional)
- Garlic-stuffed green olives, to serve (optional)
- Pepperoncini, to serve (optional)
Add ice to a 12-ounce plastic cup and set aside. Put the first four ingredients in a second plastic cup and add the vodka and tomato juice. Pour the mixture into the first cup, then pour everything back into the second cup. Keep pouring back and forth until it is well blended. Squeeze a little lemon, garnish and serve.
My Kids Found My "Private Drawer"
For those times you just want to forget what just happened, try this tangy and spicy Mary.
- 1 shot Dripping Springs Texas Orange Vodka
- 1 shot sake
- 1 tsp. wasabi
- 6 ounces tomato juice
- 1 tsp. dried ginger powder
- 1 tsp. soy sauce
- 1 tsp. lime juice
- Fresh cilantro to serve
Shake and strain all the ingredients (except the cilantro) into a Collins glass with ice. Garnish with cilantro and drink way the memory of what just happened.
This is My First Really Healthy Relationship
When your heart is going pitter patter for someone special, here is a classic recipe for two.
- Several dashes salt and black pepper
- 1 jigger Starlite Vodka
- 2 tsp. garlic powder
- 2 tsp. lemon pepper
- 1 tsp. horseradish
- 2 Tbsp. Worcestershire sauce
- 8 ounces high-quality tomato juice
- 1 fresh lemon, cut in wedges, to serve
- Several pickled asparagus spears, to serve
Rim two Old Fashioned glasses with the salt and pepper in equal measure. Combine the remaining ingredients in a cocktail shaker. Strain and pour over ice in the prepared glasses and garnish with lemon wedges and asparagus.
The Way to a Man's Heart is Through His Stomach, But That's Not Where I'm Headed
When you've conquered the early phases of romance and are ready for the power of time tested aphrodisiacs for a real Sunday Funday, this recipe is for you.
- 46 ounce bottle of tomato juice
- 1 garlic clove
- ½ avocado
- ¼ cup Worcestershire sauce
- 2 ounces lemon juice
- 2 Tbsp. steak sauce
- 2 tsp. cracked black pepper
- 2 tsp. celery salt
- 2 tsp. hot sauce
- 1 tsp. horseradish
- 1 750ml bottle of 1876 Vodka
Excluding the vodka and garnishes, whirl the ingredients together in a blender. Fill pint glasses with ice and 2 shots of vodka each. Top with the tomato mixture, then garnish with an asparagus spear and a stalk of celery.
Whether you are looking for a Bloody suitable for Queen Mary or for something appropriate for a Roman circus, there is a recipe for you in Bennett's Bloody Mary bible. I know which one I'm mixing next.


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Were you the lucky recipient of the family recipe box? Do you feast annually on a dish that is interwoven with the memory of a departed loved one? Is there a special food your family cooks and eats together that sets you apart from the rest?
Or perhaps you realized too late that an important culinary formula had gone to the grave with the last generation. All too often readers tell us that they wish they had interviewed Grammy about her blueberry toast or clam chowder or potato pancakes or zeppole—foods we thought would always be there—until they weren't!
Throughout 2015, edible SOUTH SHORE & SOUTH COAST will be collecting your recipes, stories, and traditions, to start our edible Recipe Box. Maybe we can even recover some of those faded foods before they pass out of sight altogether!
So search out the recipes that most typify your family traditions, and tell us about their flavors, occasion, or meaning. Talk to your oldest relatives, cook with them, and take notes! We hope that you will join us on this journey to revive, remember, and share.
Submit recipes, stories, and photos illustrating your tastiest, most poignant, funniest, or most ancient family food traditions below. Remember they don't have to be perfect; if your recipe is chosen by our editorial team we'll do our best to re-create your recipe for today's kitchen. You can also send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com with your recipe or questions. Be a part of it!


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'Just be kind, show love': Daytime vigil honours teen fatally stabbed on Surrey bus
Holly Indridson, mom of Surrey bus stabbing victim Ethan Bespflug, 17, spoke to a gathering of about 100 people at a celebration of the teen's life at Holland Park on Thursday
PHOTOS: Cranbrook Bucks win 3-1 over Wenatchee Wild to kick off BCHL playoff series
The race to the Fred Page Cup has begun. The Cranbrook Bucks…
PHOTOS: Provincial championships of curling in Chilliwack
Chilliwack Curling Club hosted championships of both women's and men's curling
B.C. metal sculptor's business soars on wings of 15,000-pound fire-breathing dragon
Kevin Stone's steel sculpture 'Drogon' from popular TV show Game of Thrones ready to head to Utah
PHOTOS: Rambo-themed carving unveiled at 40th anniversary celebration in Hope
Carving of Sheriff Will Teasle, Rambo First Blood actor, movie props all part of 4-day celebrations
PHOTOS: $6.3 million raised as Tour de Cure cycling fundraiser for cancer rolls through B.C. cities
More than 1,100 cyclists rode through Eastern Fraser Valley to raise money for BC Cancer Foundation
Giant Elon Musk head by B.C. metal artist now complete, ready to be shipped
Kevin Stone has finished head of half-Elon, half-goat monument for cryptocurrency creators
PHOTOS: Turning the sod on the 100th annual Chilliwack Plowing Match
1,000 people came out to celebrate a century of competitive plowing in Chilliwack
PHOTOS: White Rock Lake wildfire lights up night skies in the Okanagan
The 55,000-hectare wildfire caused thousands of evacuations Friday night, even more on alert
PHOTOS: Before and after the blaze that destroyed the Village of Lytton
Images of the community 9 days after fire compared to what it looked like 3 years ago
PHOTOS: Water main break reduces Vernon highway traffic to single lane
Large hole appeared on 32nd Street at 21st Avenue around midnight
PHOTOS: B.C. man designs 'box office' solution for those working from home
'A professionally designed workspace on your property, away from the distractions of home'
Trump prematurely claims victory as world waits nervously, impatiently for U.S. vote count
The lack of result in the U.S. election was not that surprising to experts
VIDEO: Scientists remove 98 'murder hornets' just south of Canadian border in Washington
Thirteen of the murder hornets were captured alive
PHOTOS: B.C. priests host drive-thru pet blessings to mark St. Francis Day
St. John's Shaughnessy Church in Vancouver commemorated St. Francis Day
PHOTOS: Gallery explores 'broken promises' during Japanese Canadian internment in 1940s
'Broken Promises' to acknowledge the thousands of Japanese Canadians who faced dispossession
Sylvester Stallone gives shout-out to new Rambo chainsaw carving in Hope, B.C.
Sylvester Stallone, the star behind John J. Rambo, "very proud" of newly installed red cedar work


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To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the text message, legendary notebook company Moleskine has come out with a limited edition notebook that becomes a ballistic device for launching mini (printed) text messages.
Each notebook is filled with perforated pages of short printed notes, which are sent—launched, really—by the elastic-band slingshot on the book's cover. The maximum range for these messages is about 5.14m, so Moleskine SMS isn't exactly going to replace your usual texting device, but that doesn't mean you won't find a great way to use it. (Ahem: office cubicles, college classes...)
The limited edition notebooks are being presented in Milan for Design Week as part of "Hacked, 100 Hours of Rebel Creativity," and are available for purchase online through Moleskine's web store. [Acquire via Moleskine]


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Evangelical pastor Ed Young of Texas thinks his married followers should be having more sex with their spouses. Unlike most religious leaders who might find it a bit untoward to tape a pro-sex sermon while lounging on a bed, Young thinks the cure for the financial crisis and nearly any marital crisis — including infidelity, arguments, betrayals or porn addiction — is to fuck like God intended. To help his parishioners channel their inner horndogs, Young decreed that every married couple should knock boots every day for a week. His unmarried followers, however, should skip sex and, instead, "try eating chocolate cake." But chocolate cake is so... vanilla! Unlike ice cream, which comes in at least as many flavors as sexual proclivities. So, after the jump, in keeping with Young's advice, what ice cream you should be eating to prevent you from having the kind of sex you really, really want.
- If you are a fan of just regular, missionary sex, go get yourself some vanilla and an imagination.
- If you are slightly more adventurous and like to try out as many positions as possible before collapsing in a sweaty, sticky mess, Ben & Jerry's has a pint of "everything but the..." with your name on it.
- If sex just doesn't feel right until your muscles are strainged from trying out any of a number of porn-tastic positions, try B&J's "Caramel Sutra" instead.
- If you're on the rag but quivering with sexual desire, get yourself some Cherry Garcia and some expensive white sheets.
- If you're one of those women (or men) who just lives to get spooged on at the end, obviously Cold Stone's Cake Batter has your name written all over it.
- If you like to do a little pirate role-playing thing in the bedroom, parrot and peg-leg optional, get some of Häagen Dazs' Rum Raisin. And just pretend that the parrot and the peg leg are optional.
- If you like your men (or women) a little young — but still legal, obviously — get some of Cold Stone's Green Apple Gummy Bear.
- If you can't get enough of men or women (like George Hamilton, John Boehner or Lindsay Lohan) who are perma-tanned orange, and/or have a tanning bed fetish, try out Cold Stone's Orange Dreamsicle.
- If there's nothing you're craving more that a cock up your ass, you should probably get yourself a freshly-packed pint of Chocolate Fudge Brownie at the nearest B&J's location near you.
- But if you're really into asses more generally, they also make a slightly spicy Cinnamon Buns you could try.
- If there's just something about Ron Jeremy that just completely floats your boat, please just go buy a lifetime supply of Chunky Monkey and never tell anyone.
- But if you're hoping that there's just one, big way that Howard Dean resembles Ron Jeremy, get yourself a pint of B&J's Vermonty Python.
- If you get off more on angry sex or break up sex than anything, Häagen Dazs has your Rocky Road waiting at your local supermarket and my therapist has an open slot on Wednesday you can have.
- If you are a lactation festishist, they've got your Dulce de Leche, too, and there's probably going to be a breastfeeding woman somewhere in the supermarket anyway.
- If you just can't stop pestering your lover to do it again and again, B&J makes a S'more ice cream that he would probably just as soon you started eating because shit chafes after a while.
- If you're really into teabagging, Cold Stone has a Macadamia nut flavor that they can definitely add even more nuts to.
- Obviously, if you're more into the three-ways, Neopolitan is the way to go.
- And if you just can't go without a movie star hopped up on amphetamines — even though you're going to have to — grab a pint of B&J's Coffee Heath Bar Crunch and a box of Kleenex for whatever bodily fluids you might excrete from either grief or pleasure.
Pastor's Advice for Better Marriage: More Sex [NY Times] Related: Ben & Jerry's Flavor World Häagen Dazs Ice Cream Cold Stone Creations


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Horny guy Max Dior know Chloe Lamour very well. They agreed on a quickie in a secluded place where both enjoy hot sex
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For a long time, the cure for diabetes type 1 and type 2 has relied on agonizing insulin shots for patients or insulin infusion via mechanical pumps. Regarding this, experts have been creating artificial pancreatic beta cells with the he…
Vehicle Trailer Hitch is a device attached to the chassis of a vehicle for towing, or a towbar to an aircraft nose gear.
Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost 100 countries around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Vehicle Trailer Hitch market in 2020.
COVID-19 can affect the global economy in three main ways: by directly affecting production and demand, by creating supply chain and market disruption, and by its financial impact on firms and financial markets.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.
This report also analyses the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Vehicle Trailer Hitch industry.
Based on our recent survey, we have several different scenarios about the Vehicle Trailer Hitch YoY growth rate for 2020. The probable scenario is expected to grow by a xx% in 2020 and the revenue will be xx in 2020 from US$ xx million in 2019. The market size of Vehicle Trailer Hitch will reach xx in 2026, with a CAGR of xx% from 2020 to 2026.
With industry-standard accuracy in analysis and high data integrity, the report makes a brilliant attempt to unveil key opportunities available in the global Vehicle Trailer Hitch market to help players in achieving a strong market position. Buyers of the report can access verified and reliable market forecasts, including those for the overall size of the global Vehicle Trailer Hitch market in terms of both revenue and volume.
Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Vehicle Trailer Hitch market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. For this version of the report, the segmental analysis focuses on sales (volume), revenue and forecast by each application segment in terms of sales and revenue and forecast by each type segment in terms of revenue for the period 2015-2026.
Production and Pricing Analyses
Readers are provided with deeper production analysis, import and export analysis, and pricing analysis for the global Vehicle Trailer Hitch market. As part of production analysis, the report offers accurate statistics and figures for production capacity, production volume by region, and global production and production by each type segment for the period 2015-2026.
In the pricing analysis section of the report, readers are provided with validated statistics and figures for price by manufacturer and price by region for the period 2015-2020 and price by each type segment for the period 2015-2026. The import and export analysis for the global Vehicle Trailer Hitch market has been provided based on region.
Regional and Country-level Analysis
The report offers an exhaustive geographical analysis of the global Vehicle Trailer Hitch market, covering important regions, viz, North America, Europe, China, Japan, South Korea and India. It also covers key countries (regions), viz, U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, etc.
The report includes country-wise and region-wise market size for the period 2015-2026. It also includes market size and forecast by each application segment in terms of volume for the period 2015-2026.
Competition Analysis
In the competitive analysis section of the report, leading as well as prominent players of the global Vehicle Trailer Hitch market are broadly studied on the basis of key factors. The report offers comprehensive analysis and accurate statistics on sales by the player for the period 2015-2020. It also offers detailed analysis supported by reliable statistics on price and revenue (global level) by player for the period 2015-2020.
On the whole, the report proves to be an effective tool that players can use to gain a competitive edge over their competitors and ensure lasting success in the global Vehicle Trailer Hitch market. All of the findings, data, and information provided in the report are validated and revalidated with the help of trustworthy sources. The analysts who have authored the report took a unique and industry-best research and analysis approach for an in-depth study of the global Vehicle Trailer Hitch market.
The following manufacturers are covered in this report:
- Horizon Global Corporation
- CURT Manufacturing LLC
- B&W Trailer Hitches
- Bosal ACPS
- AL-KO(Sawiko)
- Brink Group
- Tow-Trust Towbars Ltd
- GDW Group
Vehicle Trailer Hitch Breakdown Data by Type
- Class I Trailer Hitch
- Class II Trailer Hitch
- Class III Trailer Hitch
- Class IV Trailer Hitch
- Class V Trailer Hitch
Vehicle Trailer Hitch Breakdown Data by Application
- RVs
- Vans/Pickup Truck
- Boat Trailers
- Other


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The city has received grant funds for many projects. Some are listed below:
- Infrastructure such as streets, sidewalks, drive approaches, street lights and walking paths
- Software, which includes a new operating system and fully automated services for residents
- Police officers and safety equipment
- Transit improvements
- Training for employees
- Housing development funds for first time homebuyers at Vila del Caribe
- Housing programs
- New wells, including treatment for water quality
- Electric vehicles and motorcycles
- Parks, including Discovery Park
- Transit services and capital improvements
- Pedestrian improvements at Kern Avenue Overpass
- Planning documents, such as the General Plan Update, Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, Master Storm Drain Plan, and many others
Grants provide loans to residents for First Time Home Buyer and Owner Occupied Rehabilitation Programs, ensuring that all types of housing is available and that existing housing is safe, decent and affordable for all. The Owner Occupied Rehabilitation funds are used to correct code deficiencies, such as plumbing, electrical, structural, or even as simple as replacement of old windows or an HVAC system.
The grants department writes the grant application and, if funded, will complete all the conditions to receive the award. After set up conditions are met, the grant administrator will oversee the process to ensure all conditions of the funding agency are met, including financial oversight and completing all reporting requirements. Upon completion of the project or program, the administrator will complete the close out procedure and handle the final audit by the awarding agency.
All grants are subject to auditing by the funding agency, as well as by the state or federal government. Most housing grants are pass-through awards from the federal government and can be audited by HUD, which is the housing department of the federal government. City staff are very cognizant of their duty to be fiduciary responsible and ethical in the handling of the taxpayers funds, which are taken and distributed in the form of grants to the city.
Department of Housing and Employment
Housing and Community Development Department, State of California
Foundation Center
Government Benefit Calculator


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If you wanted to become a knight during Middle Ages there were two ways you could do that. The first one involved earning the right on the battlefield. If a warrior fought bravely during the battle, his king or even another knight may award him knighthood. The second way was to become an apprentice to a knight and earn the title through hard work and training. PhotoFunia gives you the third and easiest way to do so. All you need to do is a pick a photo of yourself or your fellow friend and let PhotoFunia do its magic image manipulation.