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The History and Antiquities of London, Westminster, Southwark, and Parts Adjacent, vol. 2
Allen, Thomas
The History and Antiquities of London, Westminster, Southwark, and Parts Adjacent, vol. 2
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Allen, Thomas
|View all images in this book
|Title Page
|CHAPTER I: History of London, from the Accession of William and Mary, to the reign of George the Second
|CHAPTER II: History of London during the reign of George the Second
|CHAPTER III: History of London from the Accession of George the Third, to the year 1780
|CHAPTER IV: History of London continued to the Union
|CHAPTER V: History of London from the Union to the Jubilee, 1809
|CHAPTER VI: History of London from the Jubilee to the Peace of 1814
|CHAPTER VII: History of London continued to the accession of George the Fourth
|CHAPTER VIII: Account of the Civil Government of the City by Portreves, Bailiffs, and Mayors, with a list of the latter...
|CHAPTER IX: An account of the Aldermen and Sheriffs, with a list of the latter
|CHAPTER X: Lists and brief Accounts of the various Officers and Courts within the City
Chapter X
The Recorder
The Chamberlain of London
List of Chamberlains
The Common Serjeant
List of Common Serjeants
The Town Clerk, or Common Clerk
List of Town-Clerks
The Coroner of London
The Comptroller
The City Remembrancer
The Sword-bearer
The Common-hunt
The Common-crier
The Water bailiff
The Lord Mayor's officers, and their days of waiting, according to the Pamphlet before referred to
The Sheriffs' Officers
The Court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen
The Court of Common Council
The Court of Husting
The Lord Mayor's Court
The Sheriffs' Courts
The Court of Orphans
Justice-Hall Court
The Coroner's Court
The Court of Escheator
The Court of Conservacy
The Court of Requests
The Court of Wardmote
The Chamberlain's Court
The Court of Hallmote
Pie-Powder Court
St. Martin's-le-grand
The Court of the Tower of London
|CHAPTER XI: Some account of the Ecclesiastical Government of the city of London, with a List and Biographical Notices of the Bishops of the see
|CHAPTER XII: Some Account of the Military Government of London, and the Artillery Company
|CHAPTER XIII: An Account of the twelve principal Companies of the City of London
|CHAPTER XIV: An Account of the Companies of the City of London, alphabetically arranged
Apothecaries, 58
Armourers and Braziers, 22
Bakers, 19
Barbers, 17
Basket-Makers, 52
Blacksmiths, 40
Bowyers, 38
Brewers, 14
Butchers, 24
Card-Makers, 83
Carmen, 89
Carpenters, 26
Clock-Makers, 61
Coach and Coach Harness Makers, 79
Comb-Makers, 63
Cooks, 35
Coopers, 36
Cordwainers, 27
curriers, 29
Cutlers, 18
Distillers, 74
Cyers, 13
Embroiderers, 48
Fan Makers, 84
Farriers, 55
Felt Makers, 64
Fishermen, 87
Fletchers, 39
Founders, 33
Framework-Knitters, 65
fruiterers, 45
Gardeners, 70
Girdlers, 23
Glaziers, 53
Glass-Sellers, 77
Glovers, 62
Gold and Silver Wire-Drawers, 81
Gun-Makers, 80
Hat-Band Makers, 75
Horners, 54
Innholders, 32
Joiners, 41
Leathersellers, 15
Long Bow String-Makers, 82
Loriners, 57
Masons, 30
Musicians, 50
Needle-Makers, 69
Painter-Stainers, 28
Parish Clerks, 88
Patten-Makers, 76
Paviours, 56
Pewterers, 16
Pin-Makers, 68
Plaisterers, 46
Plumbers, 31
Porters, 90
Poulterers, 34
Sadlers, 25
Scriveners, 44
Shipwrights, 59
Silkmen, 67
Silk-Throwers, 66
Soap-Makers, 71
Spectacle-Makers, 60
Starch-Makers, 86
Stationers, 47
Tallow Chandlers, 21
Tylers and Bricklayers, 37
Tin-Plate Workers, 72
Tobacco-Pipe-Makers, 78
Turners, 51
Upholders, 49
Watermen, 91
Waxchandlers, 20
Weavers, 42
Wheelwrights, 73
Woodmongers, 85
Woolmen, 43
The Names of the Company of Pastelers from the Record in the Chapter-house
The Names of the Company of Sporyars from the Record in the Chapter House
|CHAPTER XV: An Account of the River Thames
|CHAPTER XVI: Historical and topographical account of London Bridge, Westminster Bridge, Blackfriars Bridge, Waterloo Bridge, Southwark Bridge, and the Thames Tunnel
|CHAPTER XVII: Topographical and Historical Account of the Tower of London


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Story by the Associated Press; curated by Dave Urbanski
KRASNOARMEISK, Ukraine (AP) — Armed men identified as Ukrainian national guard opened fire Sunday on a crowd outside a town hall in eastern Ukraine, and an official for the region's insurgents said there were fatalities.
People try to lift a dead pro-Russia man in Krasnoarmeisk, Ukraine, Sunday, May 11, 2014. Although the voting in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions appeared mostly peaceful, Ukrainian national guardsmen opened fire on a crowd outside a town hall in Krasnoarmeisk, and an official with the region's insurgents said there were fatalities. (Image source: AP/Manu Brabo)
The bloodshed in the town of Krasnoarmeisk occurred hours after dozens of armed men shut down voting in a referendum on sovereignty for the region. One of them identified the group as being national guardsmen.
An Associated Press photographer who witnessed the shooting said two people were seen lying unmoving on the ground and insurgent leader Denis Pushilin was quoted by the ITAR-Tass news agency as saying there were an unspecified number of deaths.
A woman reacts after Ukrainian national guardsmen opened fire on a crowd outside a town hall in Krasnoarmeisk, about 20 miles from the regional capital, Donetsk, Ukraine, Sunday, May 11, 2014. (Image source: AP/Manu Brabo)
Several hours earlier, the men came to the town about 20 miles from the regional capital, Donetsk, and dispersed referendum voting that was taking place outside the town hall and they took control of the building. In the evening, more arrived in a van and a scuffle broke out with people who were gathered around the building. Then they fired shots.
Witnesses to the shooting posted a number of videos on YouTube. One of the videos shows several armed men holding AK-47s yelling to the crowd "go home, get out of here." One then cocks his weapon, and seconds later a man from the crowd steps forward and approaches another gunman, also carrying an AK-47, to speak with him. The gunman fires a warning shot over his head, but that doesn't deter the man. He continues to approach as shots continue and the man is struck by a bullet, falls to the ground and can be seen bleeding from his leg.
The video, shot by someone at the scene of the confrontation, has been authenticated based on accounts by AP journalists at the site and was consistent with AP's own reporting on what happened.
In the following clip via RT.com the person laying on the ground with his shirt covering his head appears to be the same person in the first AP photo above. (Content warning: Graphic images):
Eastern Ukraine has been gripped by unrest for the past month as pro-Russia insurgents occupied police stations and government buildings. Ukrainian forces have mounted a limited offensive to try to drive them out.
The Donetsk and Luhansk regions on Sunday conducted referendums on declaring the regions as so-called sovereign people's republics. Leaders of the vote, which is regarded as illegitimate by the central government and the West, say that sometime after the referendum, a decision will be made on whether to remain part of Ukraine, declare independence of seek annexation into Russia.

subset: commoncrawl


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Appears in The Roominghouse Madrigals
Charles Bukowski
Cows in Art Class
good weather
is like
good women--
it doesn't always happen
and when it does
it doesn't
always last.
man is
more stable:
if he's bad
there's more chance
he'll stay that way,
or if he's good
he might hang
but a woman
is changed
the moon
the absence or
presence of sun
or good times.
a woman must be nursed
into subsistence
by love
here a man can become
by being hated.
I am drinking tonight in Spangler's Bar
and I remember the cows
I once painted in Art class
and they looked good
they looked better than anything
in here. I am drinking in Spangler's Bar
wondering which to love and which
to hate, but the rules are gone:
I love and hate only
they stand outside me
like an orange dropped from the table
and rolling away; it's what I've got to
kill myself or
love myself?
which is the treason?
where's the information
coming from?
books . . . like broken glass:
I w'dn't wipe my ass with 'em
yet, it's getting
darker, see?
(we drink here and speak to
each other and
seem knowing.)
buy the cow with the biggest
buy the cow with the biggest
present arms.
the bartender slides me a beer
it runs down the bar
like an Olympic sprinter
and the pair of pliers that is my hand
stops it, lifts it,
golden piss of dull temptation,
I drink and
stand there
the weather bad for cows
but my brush is ready
to stroke up
the green grass straw eye
sadness takes me all over
and I drink the beer straight down
order a shot
to give me the guts and the love to
©Linda Lee Bukowski - used with permission


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At Agile 2010, there were about 20 of us at the AA-FTT (Agile Alliance Functional Test Tools) workshop. The emphasis was on "the state of the practice" of Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD). In one of the breakout sessions, we had an interesting discussion on what we actually meant by ATDD, which made me think a lot about the practice itself. Although we all knew that acceptance tests defined by the customer / business expert is what drives the TDD (test driven development) process, there were discrepancies in how each of us thought of full process.
JB Rainsberger had considered ATDD as two concentric circles with TDD, the developer practice of Test Driven Development, to be the center, with ATDD surrounding it. I felt his view of the practice was from a developer perspective – give me an example, and I will start coding. Many of us at the table thought it was more than that; it included the collaboration necessary to get the examples. Based on that discussion, the next question asked by JB was, "Then, what's the difference between ATDD and BDD?"
Part of the problem is that we don't all use the same vocabulary relating to the practice. I started by writing down all the words I know are used in conjunction with the practice. The following words and phrases are some of the ones I could think of:
- Examples, scenarios, acceptance tests, customer tests, behaviour, business-facing tests, story tests, functional tests, acceptance criteria, conditions of satisfaction, business rules, executable specification
There have been many explanations about ATDD and I've included a couple here to help explain.
Jennitta Andrea wrote a short article for Iterations about what ATDD is, and why teams should be doing it. She described ATDD as:
the practice of expressing functional story requirements as concrete examples or expectations prior to story development. During story development, a collaborative workflow occurs in which: examples written and then automated; granular automated unit tests are developed; and the system code is written and integrated with the rest of the running, tested software. The story is "done"—deemed ready for exploratory and other testing—when these scope-defining automated checks pass"
The full article is at: http://www.stickyminds.com/Media/eNewsLetters/Iterations
A couple of years ago, Elisabeth Hendrickson used an example to describe ATDD in her blog: http://testobsessed.com/2008/12/08/acceptance-test-driven-development-atdd-an-overview/
As a result of the AA-FTT workshop, Declan Whelan, Gojko Adzic and a few others came up with a diagram trying to get a common understanding around Specification by Example. It is on Google Docs – http://tinyurl.com/3x52ap9
Dan North's description of Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) http://blog.dannorth.net/introducing-bdd/ is a bit more complicated, but I interpret it as using the word 'behaviour' rather than 'test' , and use the "Given, When, Then" guidelines to describe the precondition, trigger and post-condition. In a recent agile testing yahoo post, Liz Keogh posted this:
"BDD's focus is on the discovery of stuff we didn't know about, particularly around the contexts in which scenarios or examples take place. This is where using words like "should" and "behaviour" comes in, rather than "test" – because for most people "test" presupposes that we know what the behaviour ought to be. "Should" lets us ask, "Should it? Really? Is there a context which we're missing in which it behaves differently?"
Where we choose to call it BDD or ATDD or Specification by Example, we want the same result – a shared common understanding of what is to be built to try to build the 'thing' right the first time. We know it never will be, but the less rework, the better.
Using business rules, use cases, business expertise (customers, Business Analysts, domain experts, etc), the development team's (programmers, testers, DB guys, etc.) expertise, and any other supporting information, we can describe what we expect the software to do in the format of examples which are just a specialized test. In workflow type applications, describing behaviour may be applicable. If it is calculation heavy, then a spreadsheet type test format with specific examples might be more appropriate.
Do these tests have to be automated first? I encourage new teams that are struggling to find the right tool, to focus on the purpose of ATDD which is to drive development to deliver the right 'thing'. If we can do that with a sentence, let's do that first. We do have to automate them at sometime during the iteration, but until a team has their rhythm or cadence, the automation may not come first. Once you have the automation, you then have documentation that is up to date and describes the system behaviour.
The picture I use to describe ATDD for new teams is:
I think the story isn't 'Done' until the customer has actually validated the actual completed story which includes pairing with the developer after he's completed coding for a first look, and the exploratory testing.
I will continue to use the phrase Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) unless the industry decides on a common vocabulary, because I find that business stakeholders not only understand how to give examples, but also understand when I talk about acceptance tests that prove the intent of the story or feature. Once we have that, the team knows enough about the scope to start coding and testing. That's what's important.


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New Zealand's annual current account deficit narrowed as expected in the third quarter, driven by a decline in the trade surplus and as overseas investors earned less from their local investments.
The current account gap was $9.89 billion in the year ended Sept. 30, from a deficit of $10.09 billion three months earlier, according to Statistics New Zealand. An annual gap of $9.83 billion was expected, according to a Reuters survey. The annual deficit narrowed to 4.7 percent of gross domestic product from 4.9 percent.
The kiwi dollar traded recently at 84.13 cents, little changed from immediately before the report, when it was at 84.17 cents. While a large current account deficit in theory worries financial markets because it shows a country is spending more than it earns, in reality New Zealand hasn't been marked down by ratings agencies as a result.
The actual deficit rose to $4.42 billion in the latest quarter from $1.8 billion in the second quarter, in line with forecasts.
In seasonally adjusted terms, the gap narrowed to $2.5 billion from $2.8 billion as the trade balance fell to $220 million from $341 million in the second quarter. Imports outpaced exports, led by oil imports, while the gain in exports was driven by shipments of dairy products. In the year, the balance on goods was a surplus of $1.7 billion, down from $3.1 billion in the year ended Sept. 30, 2011.
The services deficit widened to $303 million in the latest quarter from a gap of $216 million three months earlier, mainly due to imports of insurance and computer services. Insurance premiums have been rising in the wake of the Canterbury earthquakes and other global disasters.
The income deficit fell to $2.26 billion in the third quarter from $2.8 billion in the second quarter, mainly as a result in reduced profits of foreign-owned companies. The income deficit in the year fell to $10.4 billion from $10.7 billion a year earlier.


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APPLETON, Wis. — One more down for the University of Southern Maine baseball team. Four more to go?
The Huskies won their second elimination game in the NCAA Division III national baseball championships, as Forrest Chadwick and Matt Verrier each drove in four runs Sunday afternoon to pace USM to an 11-5 victory over Baldwin Wallace University at Fox Cities Stadium.
After scoring just one run and getting five hits in their opening-game loss Friday, the Huskies have produced 17 runs and 23 hits in their two elimination victories.
"It's just good to keep going on,'' said USM Coach Ed Flaherty. "You survive and advance, play one game at a time and we did a pretty good job of that today.''
And now the Huskies (37-14) will play Emory University at 1 p.m. Monday in another elimination game. If they win that, they'll play a second game Monday.
And if they want to win the school's third national championship, the Huskies would have to win another two games Tuesday.
But Sunday, they weren't thinking about that. They were just happy with their latest comeback. USM trailed 3-0 after four innings.
The Huskies, handcuffed for four innings by the Yellow Jackets' freshman starting pitcher, Logan Heffernan, battered eight Baldwin Wallace pitchers over the final five innings for all their runs and 11 of their 12 hits.
"I'd like us to start a little more aggressively early in the game so we could have some room to breath a little bit," said Flaherty. "The stars show up when the bigger games count.''
That would be Chadwick, still hobbled by a left quad injury suffered two weeks ago that prevents him from running full speed, and Verrier. Chadwick had three hits, including a double, and drove in the tying runs in a five-run fifth inning. Verrier had two hits and drove in the go-ahead runs in the fifth inning.
"The guy just does it all for us,'' Verrier said of Chadwick.
The script Sunday for USM was very similar to Saturday: bring in reliever Andrew Richards in the fourth inning, then take the lead with a big inning in the fifth.
The Huskies were trailing 2-0 and Baldwin Wallace had a runner on second and a 1-1 count on John Taylor when Flaherty took out starter Tyler Leavitt in favor of Richards, who earned the win Saturday with 52/3 innings of relief. Richards gave up a sacrifice fly that made it 3-0 but got out of the inning without further damage.
And he said, "with these guys hitting, three runs? That's not too much.''
He was right. The Huskies went to work at bat in the top of the fifth, the same as Saturday when they scored four in the fifth. This time it was five.
With two outs and Jake Glauser (single) on first, Paul McDonough walked. John Carey fell behind in the count, then lined a single into right field, with Glauser scoring on a head-first slide and McDonough going to third on the throw.
Sam Dexter walked on five pitches to load the bases for Chadwick. On a 3-2 pitch, Chadwick bounced a single into center field, scoring McDonough and Carey. Chadwick then stole second when no one covered the base on an 0-2 pitch to Verrier. Two pitches later, Verrier shot a grounder past reliever Mark Zimmerman and Dexter and Chadwick both scored to make it 5-3.
"It's all about momentum, either creating momentum on your side or stopping it on theirs,'' said Brian Harrison, the Yellow Jackets' head coach. "We didn't stop the bleeding in that inning.''
Both Verrier and Chadwick said it was a matter of becoming more patient at the plate.
"I think we're a fastball hitting team," said Verrier. "Early on, pitchers like to throw the fastball. I think we're up there ready to whack at it. And if it's not in our zone, we get ourselves out. So later on, we wait until that ball comes down a little bit and we jump on it.''
The Yellow Jackets got a run off Richards in the bottom of the sixth, but USM responded with another big inning in the top of the seventh.
The Huskies loaded the bases with no outs on two walks and a single by Dexter. Verrier singled in two runs. Then with two outs, Matt Bender doubled home two more to make it 9-4.
Chadwick finished the scoring with a two-run double into the right-field corner in the eighth.
"Any time you hit with a lead it takes a little bit of the pressure off,'' said Chadwick. "We were anxious to start. When we got that five-run inning we were being more patient and trying to get our pitch. And when we got our pitch we did something with it.''
Mike Lowe can be reached at 791-6422 or at:
Twitter: MikeLowePPH
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A recent Henry Ford Hospital study has shown the effectiveness of an unconventional therapy in which donated human stool can be used treat the deadly and contagious Clostridium difficile (C. diff) bacterial infection. The procedure, which works by revitalizing healthy intestinal microbial activity, could eventually replace the widescale use of antibiotics and surgery for treating the condition.
The technique, called intestinal microbiota transplantation (IMT), is another strong indication of how important our gut and intestinal flora are to our overall health. Essentially, by introducing uncontaminated microbes from a donated stool sample (typically from another family member), doctors have shown that a healthy intestinal microbiome can be re-established.
To conduct a microbial transplant, doctors take the stool from a healthy person and mix it with warm water. Mercifully, the solution is delivered directly to the patient's colon by use of a nasogastric tube — so they don't have to taste or smell it. And it works incredibly quickly; patients have been known to start eating and feeling better within a few hours after the transplant.
Indeed, according to lead researcher Mayur Ramesh, more than 90% of patients who were given the procedure were cured of their C. diff infection (from a sample of nearly 50 patients over the course of two years). IMT stimulated their immune system, allowing them to once again properly digest and absorb their food.
And this is a good thing; C. diff causes diarrhea and other problems like fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and abdominal pain. The infection is transmitted from person-to-person contact or from touching contaminated objects. And it is associated with 14,000 deaths each year.
Moreover, treating it has not been easy. Antibiotics like metronidazole or vancomycin have proven effective, but doctors are trying to reduce their reliance on these sorts of therapies. Part of the reason is that antibiotics may actually disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in our intestines, making it easier for C. diff to thrive.
As a result, what often ends up happening is surgery to have the infected part of the intestine physically removed. Having a poop cocktail directly administered into your colon, therefore, doesn't seem like such a bad alternative. The study was presented on Friday October 19, 2012 at the annual Infectious Diseases Society of America meeting in San Diego.
Image: Julien Tromeur/shutterstock.com.


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IBM tries to keep its layoffs out of the public eye as much as possible, although it fails miserably at this. The company took the unusual step of denying that it was on the cusp of a gigantic layoff amid reports of a possible new round of job cuts that may begin this week.
The Alliance at IBM, a Communications Workers of America local, is expecting another round of layoffs, and late Tuesday said some employees have received "urgent requests" to meet with managers Wednesday. The alliance, which is informed by its IBM employee members, has a solid track record of signaling what's coming.
Adding to the layoff concerns are reports the alliance received from employees that evaluation scores for some are being lowered. The evaluation process is "used more as a hammer to force people out of the company," said Lee Conrad, the national coordinator for the alliance. This year's evaluation process "seems to have a little more urgency to it," he said.
Other than to slap away what it sees as erroneous reports about possible job actions, IBM won't comment on whether there will be layoffs this week or any other. It doesn't talk about its workforce actions. When it does have layoffs, it will point to new jobs added and thousands of open job postings to explain that when it makes cuts it is a "rebalancing." But with IBM, there's a lot more going on.
A philosophy set forth by former IBM CEO Samuel Palmisano, called the "globally integrated enterprise," led IBM to disburse operations, creating delivery centers worldwide to meet the new types of challengers posed by foreign competitors, as well as to satisfy the needs of emerging markets.
Palmisano argued that the multinational corporate model of "networks of national hubs" is inefficient and stymies innovation, while a globally integrated model will bring "enormous economic benefits to both developed and developing nations."
The shift to global integration was also a social necessity, and without it "discontent with globalization will only grow." In the worse outcome, people will gravitate "toward more extreme forms of nationalism, xenophobia and antimodernism," Palmisano said.
Palmisano outlined these views in a 2006 article he wrote for Foreign Affairs, the same year that IBM employed about 124,500 in the U.S. out of a worldwide workforce of 355,800.
In 2010, IBM stopped breaking out its U.S. headcount and said it would only provide a global number. The last official number from IBM for a U.S. headcount came just before this change, when the company put its U.S. workforce at 105,000.
The alliance now estimates IBM's U.S. headcount is in the 80,000 range, but that's unconfirmed. By 2012, IBM's headcount in India exceeded its U.S. headcount, something of a symbolic shift. But IBM India's operation has been affected by cutbacks as well, according to reports in the Indian press.
IBM, at the end of 2013, had just over 431,000 employees globally, a 21% increase since 2006, but that figure doesn't reflect the recent sale of the x86 server business to Lenovo.
Speculation about a major layoff was triggered by Robert Cringely, who in a column for Forbes, said IBM was getting ready to cut 26% of its workforce or about 112,000. This unverified report was carried by enough news media services to prompt IBM to confront it.
In a widely distributed rebuttal, IBM wrote, in part: "If anyone had checked information readily available from our public earnings statements, or had simply asked us, they would know that IBM has already announced the company has just taken a $600 million charge for workforce rebalancing. This equates to several thousand people, a mere fraction of what's been reported."
IBM's somewhat steady trimming of its U.S. workforce is something the company can manage because of the sheer size of its U.S. workforce, said David Lewis, who heads OperationsInc, a Norwalk, Conn.-based human resources consulting firm. In a company of this size, employees believe that a layoff won't happen to them.
"To be blunt, they are probably very good at it," Lewis said of IBM's layoff process, and the company knows what to tell the surviving employees. "You never make the cardinal sin of telling everybody that this will never happen again," he said.


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This is just so spectacularly bad I had to put it on the main page instead of LifeStyle...
Check out Jessica Biel today in London promoting Total Recall in an off-white head to toe situation that, well, do you think it's doing anything for her? An idea on a runway or in a magazine on a fashion model bent strategically in place to find the only flattering angles is one thing. Then there's the Hollywood actress who insists on being a style girl.
But Kate Moss is Kate Moss for a reason: it's because you can't just decide to be Kate Moss.
Styling requires an eye. As you can see, clearly, Biel... has no idea. Look at her blouse.
That blouse is tucked in, right? It's tucked into those pants and you can see the line of the tucked-in top right around her waist?
I really wanted to match my shoes to my earrings. Well that's great, but everything in between is bullsh-t. Is that what you wanted too?
Anyway, there are officially 2 and a half-ish more weekends in August and Jessica was reportedly planning to marry Justin Timberlake in Montana by the end of the month. Labour Day weekend? If so it'll be a short honeymoon. Trouble With The Curve opens on September 21 and I can't imagine JT wouldn't want to be front and centre telling the world media that he somehow scammed his way into a Clint Eastwood movie.


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Jellyfish can sense their world around them, even without eyes
"How do jellyfish see and live without eyes?," asked a student in Amy Mueller's fourth grade class at Hoover Math and Science Academy in Schaumburg.
A jellyfish is not a fish and has very little jelly. The floating balloon-like sea creature is 95 percent water. Sandwiched between two layers of skin is a jellylike substance called mesoglea. A jelly has no skeleton, no left or right side, no digestive tract, no brain, no nervous system, no respiratory system, no circulatory system and no eyes. A mouth-like opening sits beneath the bulbous body where the manubrium or stalk links the body to its streaming tentacles. That same opening expels digested nutrients.
Mark Schick, collections manager at Chicago's Shedd Aquarium, explains how jellyfish sense their surroundings.
"Jellies do not have eyes like we do, but they do have something similar. Different species have differing abilities to take in the world around them through an organ similar to an eye called a rhopalium. These small dark spots are located on the edge of the bell, the top of the jelly, and vary in number depending on the type of jelly."
Schick oversees the Shedd's special exhibit "Jellies" on view through the end of the year.
There's an exception to the no-eye rule. The box jelly has a more highly developed nervous system than other jellyfish species.
"Experiments have shown that at least some box jellies can navigate through a simple course of clear barriers," Schick said. "This leads researchers to believe that rudimentary vision may be possible for some species."
With no eyes and no brain and only limited ability to move from place to place, jellyfish seem like they'd be pretty harmless. But be careful: their tentacles can pack a powerful poison. Jellies sting prey such as other jellies, small fish, fish eggs and crustaceans. Once stung, these creatures become tangled in the stringy tentacles. These simple jellies sense or smell the wounded prey which triggers an automatic reaction that pushes the prey-entwined tentacles toward the mouth. Other ways jellyfish eat are by floating around and drawing in nutrients from their environment. Sometimes, symbiotic algae thrive inside the jellyfish and feed it at the same time.
Jellyfish can be tiny or massive. A shimmery amber-colored jellyfish that's ringed by a slight red line outlining its bell-shape body is called Staurocladia and can be smaller than a millimeter. Weighing in at more than 550 pounds is the lion's mane jellyfish which looks like a gargantuan tangle of thousands of fiber optic strands topped by an opaque bell.
The life of a jellyfish is short. Some species only live a few hours, some live a few months.
Check it outThe Roselle Public Library District suggests these titles on jellies:
• "Box Jellyfish: Killer Tentacles," by Natalie Lunis
• "Discovering Jellyfish," by Lorijo Metz
• "Jellyfish," by Meryl Magby
• "Jellyfish," by Rebecca Stefoff
• "Jellyfish," by David C. King


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The virtual summit takes place Wednesday, Sept. 27 from 1-3 p.m. ET. fnPrime members can register for free
Bring your questions and get answers from Joan Stein, nationally recognized ADA expert, in this interactive virtual session
When architecture and design firm Perkins+Will decided to consolidate its two Atlanta offices to 1315 Peachtree Street in the heart of Midtown Atlanta, general contractor Brasfield & Gorrie was selected to renovate the property, a circa 1985 building that had once been the home of an investment firm. Because Perkins+Will's commitment to environmental responsibility was the guiding principal in the renovation, sustainable design and construction were paramount.
The $11.5 million renovation began with the demolition of all existing finishes, removal of 2,000 square feet of post-tensioned concrete, and recladding of the exterior glass curtain wall. This was followed by the erection of a modern steel structure on the front of the building, removal and replacement of all mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems, and a complete build-out of the interior.
Of the many challenges inherent in the project, one of the most significant was keeping the Fulton County Library, a long-standing first-floor tenant, operable and safe throughout the process. Removing and replacing the exterior skin while keeping a tenant operational was a phasing and scheduling challenge that Brasfield & Gorrie overcame by constructing temporary waterproof exterior partitions to protect the interior space from the elements.
Most of the project's challenges were associated with achieving the client's goals of attaining LEED Platinum certification, conserving water, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and avoiding products containing hazardous substances. To address these goals, Brasfield & Gorrie's project team worked with Perkins+Will to establish an ambitious sustainable construction plan. This plan centered on retaining as much of the structure as possible; reusing, recycling, or repurposing construction waste; and installing new, environmentally responsible exterior and MEP systems to maximize water and energy conservation.
Early in the demolition phase, Brasfield & Gorrie and Perkins+Will collaborated to find recipients for the carpet, furniture, and other materials that were being removed from the building. Not only were many of these items diverted from the landfill, but they were also put to good use by a variety of local nonprofit organizations. In addition, at least 50 percent of the materials used by the project team to build its on-site construction office were salvaged from the existing building. When the project was completed, those materials were removed and used again on a different project. Ultimately, Brasfield & Gorrie diverted 80 percent of all construction waste on the 1315 Peachtree project.
Office Renovation for Architecture Firm Achieves LEED Platinum


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Question Can a risk assessment tool that uses information on risk factors easily collected by nurses in routine care predict which elderly hospital patients will fall?
A case control study to develop the tool and 2 cohort studies to validate it.
4 wards for elderly patients in a teaching hospital (development and local validation) and 2 acute and 4 rehabilitation wards of a general hospital (remote validation) in the UK.
For development of the tool, 116 patients (mean age 85 y) who had fallen (an incident in which a patient suddenly and involuntarily came to rest on the ground or surface lower than their original station) were matched with the patient in the next bed who had not fallen. Local validation was done with 217 patients (395 assessments and 71 falls) and remote validation was done with 331 patients (446 assessments and 79 falls). Mean age was 83 years in both validation groups.
Design of prediction guide
For each case and control patient, data for 21 variables were collected (including age, sex, function [eg the Barthel Index and transfer and mobility assessment], mental status, use of walking aids, in situ catheter or drip, medication use, medical history, recent history of falls, and nursing assessment of current clinical characteristics). Assessors were not blinded to fall status of the patients. 7 clinical features were associated with falling and 5 factors (presented with fall or has fallen since admission, agitation, major visual impairment, frequent urination needs, and poor transfer and mobility) were used for scale development. For validation each patient was assessed weekly using a scale with scores from 0–5 for ≤8 weeks (each clinical factor was given a score of 1 for yes and 0 for no). Risk scores were compared for those who had and had not fallen for a given week.
Main outcome measures
Sensitivity and specificity of scores for predicting falls in the local and remote validation studies.
Main results
A score of ≥2 had high sensitivity and a score of ≥3 had high specificity for predicting elderly hospital patients who were at risk for falling (table⇓).
A risk score that predicted which elderly hospital patients were at risk of falling was developed, validated, and found to be accurate.
The study by Oliver et al addresses a priority area of health care of elders in the UK.1 The authors acknowledge that risk factors associated with falls are complex and may be situation specific. As with the development of risk assessment tools for pressure sores, the key issues arising from the research methodology are related to the selection and weighting of risk factors and the sensitivity and specificity of the tool.
By selecting an unweighted scoring system, the authors have developed a tool that is simple to use, but inevitably is less accurate than a more complex, weighted scoring system might be. They have none the less shown a high level of sensitivity with local use of the tool (ie, it predicted 93% of those who fell). When tested at a different site, the tool performed equally well in predicting those who fell, but was less specific— that is, it also predicted that 32% of those who did not fall would fall. This has implications for cost effective targeting of preventative measures.
The tool might be applicable to hospital settings such as acute and rehabilitation services for older people and orthopaedic services. The remote validation findings of the study indicate that inter-rater reliability (ie, agreement between 2 nurses scoring the same patient) should be checked before the tool is adopted for use. This is because the scoring system incorporates clinical judgment on the part of the nurse, such as assessment of level of agitation. Further implications for application to nursing practice are that the tool has not been validated with a community based sample and therefore cannot be generalised beyond a hospital population.
Source of funding: no external funding.
For article reprint: Dr D Oliver, Department of Elderly Care (Division of Medicine), United Medical and Dental Schools, St Thomas's Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK. Fax +44 (0)171 928 2339.
A modified version of this abstract appears in ACP Journal Club 1998 May-Jun and Evidence-Based Medicine 1998 May-Jun.


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TAMPA (WFLA) – Ann Turner Cook was only 4 months old when she became famous as the original Gerber baby. She turned 94 on Friday.
According to the company's website, Gerber held a contest in 1928 to find a face to represent their baby food.
Many artists submitted oil paintings, but Dorothy Hope Smith, who specialized in children's portraits and happened to be Cook's neighbor, submitted a charcoal sketch which was selected.
Cook's face appeared on Gerber products beginning in 1928 and became the official trademark in 1931.
Cook became an English teacher for the majority of her life, according to WLS.
Gerber announced back in May a little girl named Magnolia became the first-ever adopted baby to be featured in the campaign since it began in 1928.
Copyright 2020 WFLA. All rights reserved.


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Story highlights
NEW: The baby, third in line to the British throne, is Prince George of Cambridge
The Duke and Duchess are spending private time with their newborn
Prince Harry and Queen Elizabeth II visit Kensington Palace to meet the baby
Catherine says, "It's such a special time," while William says, "He's got her looks, thankfully"
Drum roll … George Alexander Louis!
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge announced Wednesday that they've named their new bundle of joy.
The tot "will be known as His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge," according to Clarence House, the official residence of heirs to the throne.
iReport: Do you have a traditional family name?
Earlier Wednesday, word came that the couple are doing what new parents do: They are enjoying some incredibly sweet moments alone with their baby.
The official statement said William and Catherine are now down to the business of getting "to know their son."
The parents and the perhaps future king left Kensington Palace in London by car around lunchtime, UK media reported. The couple has been mum about their immediate schedules.
British media were feverishly reporting where they might be, with the consensus being that the couple and child went to the village of Bucklebury, where Catherine's parents live.
Earlier Wednesday, Queen Elizabeth II went to Kensington Palace to see the newborn for the first time. Uncle Harry paid a visit, too, the palace told reporters.
The public got its first look at the child Tuesday evening, outside the Lindo Wing of St. Mary's Hospital in London.
The prince and his wife said then that they had been "working on a name."
"So we'll have that as soon as we can…," William said. "It's the first time we've seen him really, so we're having a proper chance to catch up."
Many bets were placed as the public waited for the announcement. British bookmakers Ladbrokes had George and James as favorites Wednesday, followed by Alexander, Arthur, Louis and Henry.
Queen Ella? King Terry? What's in a royal name?
William's name was announced a few days after birth; his brother Harry's upon leaving the hospital.
Interactive: World reacts to royal baby news
The baby has a "good pair of lungs," the prince told well-wishers Tuesday evening. "He's got her looks, thankfully."
They took turns holding little George, wrapped in a cream-colored blanket. The parents waved.
William said he'd already changed his first diaper.
"It's very emotional. It's such a special time," Catherine said.
Third in line
The 8-pound, 6-ounce boy was born Monday afternoon. He's third in line, behind Charles and William, to the British throne.
As well as ruling the United Kingdom, George Alexander Louis could one day be king of 15 other commonwealth countries that have the British monarch as head of state if none change their constitution in the meantime.
They include Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Belize and Jamaica.
On their way out of the hospital, the couple walked down the same steps where Diana, Princess of Wales, and Prince Charles gave the world its first look at Prince William 31 years ago.
Confused about the royals? Follow this handy family tree
William placed the teeny royal heir in a car seat in the back of a black sport utility vehicle, then got behind the wheel for the trip to their residence at Kensington Palace.
The grand apartment they will eventually move into within the palace, Apartment 1A, is still being refurbished, so William and Catherine have been living in a small cottage in the grounds.
Interactive: World reacts to royal baby news
The internal renovation work at Kensington Palace is due to be completed in the fall. The duke and duchess' staff will also move into refurbished offices there, according to Buckingham Palace accounts released last month.
The late Diana moved into Kensington Palace after marrying Prince Charles in 1981. William and Harry were raised there.
When she died in 1997, mourners laid flowers and tributes outside the palace gates.
'Absolutely beautiful'
On Tuesday, London reverberated with the sound of cannon fire and peals of bells to mark the birth.
Shortly before the new baby's departure from St. Mary's, Prince Charles stopped by for a brief visit with his first grandchild, accompanied by his wife, Camilla, the Duchess of Cornwall. He told reporters it was "marvelous."
And Catherine's parents, Carole and Michael Middleton, visited earlier. As grandmothers tend to do, she described her grandbaby as "absolutely beautiful."
She and her husband were "so thrilled" about being grandparents.
"It was so exciting. It was fantastic," said Eliza Wells, one of the well-wishers gathered outside the hospital. "The crowd erupted, because everyone's been waiting so long for it."
William and Catherine "both seemed very relaxed, even with the press there and the crowd," Wells said. "They just seemed like a normal couple."
A normal life?
Royal commentators said the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge will try to give their son as regular an upbringing as possible.
But the intense media interest in the birth of the new prince highlights the challenge his parents face in trying to protect his privacy and maintain a degree of normalcy.
"This baby has two things stopping it from being normal," historian Kate Williams said. "No. 1, it lives in a life of incredible wealth and privilege. … No. 2, it is an incredible celebrity, and we've seen this with the coverage."
Opinion: Why I wouldn't want to be royal baby
But Prince William loved that his mother tried to give him as normal a childhood as possible, including trips to the cinema and an amusement park, and sending him to a local private school as a boy. "And that's what he wants for little baby Cambridge," Williams offered.
Although the excitement over his birth is not universal, there's no doubting the level of global interest in the prince.
On Monday, there were more than 19 million Facebook interactions related to the royal baby, according to the site.
His birth also took Twitter by storm.
CNN's Matt Smith and Matthew Chance contributed to this report.


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Living beyond the boundaries of streetlights, I often drive on dark country roads where fog hides in the hillsides. Sometimes only tendrils of mist reach up from the ground. More often I'm engulfed in clouds so heavy that the road is obscured. Straining to see the turns on these narrow lanes, I'm not stressed. I smile. I'm thinking of my father.
"People call this kind of heavy fog 'pea soup,'" my father had explained to me when I was a first grader, even as he leaned intently over the steering wheel.
"But it doesn't look like soup to me. What would you call it?"
Beyond our windshield it looked like a white wall as our headlights reflected off the water vapor. His voice remained cheerful.
He told me about being a radar man in the Navy and described the sound of foghorns.
"What we're going to do, Honey, is blow the car horn to let other cars know we're coming. It'll be our foghorn. That way we can navigate our way out."
We drove on through the dark, he and I, talking and laughing and pretending we were piloting a ship through the waves. Before each bend he gave a blast on the car horn. It was delicious to me—my daddy taking part in a giant game of pretend. And better yet, engaging in the forbidden act of making noise, waking up the night to say we're here.
My father never let on that the ride that night was dangerous, or that the prattling of a little girl was hard on his concentration.
Although his own childhood was marred by the early death of his father, his mother's chronic illness, and the hard work that comes with poverty he overcame those limitations. He went on to a career as a public school teacher where he helped hundreds of other children find the best in themselves.
I know he had a way of making me feel important, no matter the task. Once when I wanted to help him install a hot water tank, he didn't let on that an eight-year-old would be in the way. Instead he said what he really wanted was for me to read him some poetry because that would make a difficult job more pleasant. He put me safely on a stool a few feet away where I read aloud from a junior book of verse while he wrestled with the chore. Occasionally he sat back on his heels in appreciation at the end of a poem. He talked about discovering the great poets when he got to college, even described the large brown book he'd saved from a literature class for his own children to enjoy some day. When he was done, he said he couldn't have done it without me, the same thing he always said.
He never found that big book of poetry he'd hoped to share. But my father gave me something more precious. Complete acceptance. And when a girl has that kind of love from her father, she carries with her the self-assurance to transcend any boundaries.
My dad always shrugged off flowery praise. So each year when Father's Day rolled around I bought a blank card. Inside I wrote him a fond memory of my childhood and how that resonated in my often challenging life. He always got a kick out of it.
This is my first Father's Day without him. If I could, I'd tell him, "I couldn't have done it without you."


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Adopted on July 10th, 1973, the Bahamas flag features a black triangle situated at the hoist with three horizontal aquamarine, yellow, and aquamarine bands.


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(visited by Rainer Mautz)
27-Jun-2011 -- This is the 4th out of 20 confluences that I reached on my bicycle trip along the Great Wall of China. The story starts at 41N 115E.
On day no.7 of my bike trip I got up at 3:30 a.m. (the first time that my alarm clock woke me up) in the town Sūnítè Yòuqí (苏尼特右旗) which is 86 km beeline north-east of the confluence point. When I left my hotel at 4:15 a.m. it was already dawning. I cycled all day long straight through the desert without notable features along the roadside. At KM 65 (the first place with houses) I had sheep meat and mantou for breakfast.
At KM 95 with 2 km beeline to the confluence distance remaining, I reached an intersection where I was able to approach the confluence point further on another asphalted road up to 890 m distance. At that point I left my bike and hiked across grasslands straight towards the confluence point. An remarkable feature was this stone.
Standing on the confluence point, there is steppe in all directions. The vegetation consists of only dry grass. A farmhouse can be seen from the confluence in 600 m distance.
When I returned to my bicycle, my socks were crowded with so many burrs that one could think that long thick hair was growing on my feet. I continued the bike tour further on road no.101 in south-western direction, passed the town Sìzǐwáng (四子王旗) and reached Wǔchuān (武川县) in the evening after having cycled 235 km that day.
CP Visit Details:
Story continues at 41N 111E.


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The identification of CPTP was the result of an international collaboration that built on prior research by co-lead author Charles Chalfant, Ph.D., Endowed Chair of Cancer Cell Signaling and member of the Cancer Cell Signaling program at Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center as well as professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at VCU School of Medicine. The team discovered that CPTP regulates levels of biologically active lipids, which are molecules such as fatty acids that often play a role in cell signaling. As its name implies, this study determined that CPTP's main function is to transport ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), a lipid that helps regulate cell growth, survival, migration and inflammation. Specifically, C1P increases the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids — powerful signaling molecules that contribute to chronic inflammation in diseases such as cancer, asthma, atherosclerosis and thrombosis — and the discovery of CPTP shines a light on the cellular mechanisms that contribute to these diseases.
"We may have identified the newest target for treating cancer," says Chalfant. "Because of the important role this protein plays in a number of cellular functions, it could also have large implications for a variety of diseases like cancer that are caused by inflammation."
With assistance from Massey's Lipidomics Developing Shared Resource core, the researchers were able to determine the composition of the bioactive lipids regulated by CPTP. Residing in the cytosol, or the liquid within cells, the team found that CPTP regulates catabolism of C1P, a process that breaks down the molecule in order to release its energy. They also demonstrated that CPTP transports C1P to the cellular membrane where it helps synthesize eicosanoids from fatty acids in the membrane.
Confirming a decade of research from Chalfant's laboratory, the scientists provided further proof that C1P regulates group IVA phospholipase A2, an enzyme that promotes inflammation through the production of a fatty acid known as arachidonic acid. The release of arachidonic acid via C1P activation of this enzyme was shown to trigger the production of eicosanoids. These findings help to explain the reported link between ceramide kinase, the enzyme responsible for C1P production, and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, which further suggests that alleviation of systemic inflammation may lead to better prognosis and better treatment responses.
"Moving forward, we hope to use our knowledge of the structure of CPTP in order to find small molecules and other means that can block it," says Chalfant. "The immediate uses of such therapeutics might be to restore clotting in trauma patients by maintaining the levels of specific eicosanoids that mediate blood clotting. However, with further research we hope to define exactly how CPTP is produced so that we can regulate its production and potentially develop new treatments for a variety of diseases."
source : http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130731122825.htm


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SoundCloud Voices
SoundCloud Voices is a weekly Community feature focusing on new spoken word creators found on SoundCloud. It might be a podcast, radio show, audio book, interview, audio messages, a poem, anything! Keep an eye out every Thursday for a new post.
This week we are going back to basics with the theme of talk. There are hundreds of quality talk podcasts out on the Cloud; here's a few to get you started. First up is Employee of the Month hosted by Catie Lazarus. The show focuses on dreamy jobs and features interviews with the likes of Joey Mazzarino star of Sesame Street and comedian Steve Wright, who you might recognise as the DJ in Reservoir Dogs. Take a listen to an interview below.
Next up is the Tower of Sour, hosted by Mike Sains and Mike Marlow. These two opinionated buffons, as they aptly title themselves, spend the best part of an hour chatting about whatever the feel like which may be current affairs, football, music, film, whatever they want. You may or may not agree with it all, but they have proved over the last year that you can set up a podcast on SoundCloud and generate an audience by purely putting yourself out there and talking about 'what you know'. Well done guys.
And last by no means is Getting Better Acquainted hosted by Dave Pickering. Dave's on a journey to get to know the people he knows better. In his own words – "There are lots of shows about famous people. This is a show about the rest of us." Take a listen as Dave gets to know his brother Tony.
If you are interested in trying out SoundCloud as a spoken word podcast platform we are currently running a beta program which you can sign up for via this form. Successful candidates will be emailed with further details.


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A coalition of companies, foundations and governmental bodies has launched the Alliance for Affordable Internet Access to create the conditions for open, competitive and innovative broadband markets in developing nations.
The alliance "will undertake a blend of international advocacy and research, coupled with on-the-ground work," starting in three pioneer countries, Sonia Jorge, its executive director, told the E-Commerce Times.
Increasing Internet penetration rates "can bring economic benefits — but research shows that the social benefits in areas such as health, education and gender equity can be remarkable," Jorge said.
The goal is to bring down the cost of Internet access to no more than 5 percent of the annual income of citizens in developing nations.
What A4AI Will Do
The alliance will bring together in-country stakeholders to identify obstacles and ways to tackle them, as well as help to drive implementation, Jorge said.
It was not clear whether the stakeholders would be corporations in the communication sector, governments, or other representatives of the local communities.
The A4AI will develop advocacy and policy proposals in conjunction with stakeholders in each country.
It will also "continue to press at international level on these issues," and its work will be informed by original research, remarked Jorge.
Members include Google, Facebook, Cisco, the Ford Foundation, the World Wide Web Foundation, the Software & Information Industry Association, and the United States Agency for International Development.
Initiatives Under Way
Google's Project Loon uses hot air balloons equipped with wireless transmitters to provide Internet access to underserved communities.
Announcing that connectivity is a human right, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg in August launched Internet.org, together with Samsung, Qualcomm, Nokia, Opera and MediaTek, to provide Internet access to everyone on the planet.
Meanwhile, both Cisco and Ford are trying to set the standard for connected cars. Further, Cisco is seeking to provide the backbone for what it calls the Internet of Everything," so developing nations can provide a rich market for these companies.
With the U.S. National Security Agency's having penetrated the communications of both Americans and foreign countries, the involvement of USAID could provide fertile ground for clandestine surveillance.
We're All Friends Here
"A4AI and Internet.org are two separate organizations that share a common goal of making Internet access available to more people around the world," Facebook spokesperson Derick Mains told the E-Commerce Times.
A4AI "has a clear focus on policy and regulatory issues surrounding access, while Internet.org is focused on identifying technical innovations and new business models that can help drive down the cost of data," Mains added. "Wherever possible, we will collaborate to maximize impact."
Sweet Dreams Are Made of These
Four years of broadband growth have created jobs and seen Internet penetration rise to more than 80 percent, according to the Obama administration. In 2011, 77 percent of Internet users aged 25 or more reported relying on the Web for personal communications; 66 percent for general information; and about half for financial services and entertainment.
That said, World Food Programme statistics show that 842 million people worldwide do not have enough to eat, and 827 million of them live in developing nations.
It's not clear how access to the Web can trump the need for food and shelter.
In the U.S., more than 46 million people were living in poverty in 2012, according to Hunger in America statistics.
Technology is only part of the solution to development challenges," said Jorge, "and must be seen in the context of the broader development framework."


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Middlebury Police Log: Police respond to assault, thefts, dogs, long-lost gun
MIDDLEBURY — Middlebury police cited Douglas Lazarus, 68, of Middlebury for domestic assault following an alleged incident at a Maple Street residence on April 28. Police took a statement from the alleged victim and photographed an injury.
In other action last week, Middlebury police:
• Cited Sarah C. Pierce, 40, of Middlebury for retail theft, in connection with an incident at Hannaford Supermarket on Court Street on April 23. Police said Pierce allegedly gathered items from the store and brought them to the counter with a receipt to obtain money.
Along with the retail theft citation, police said Pierce was served a no-trespass order for Hannaford's.
• Received a report of a woman driving away from Maplefields on North Pleasant Street without paying for $20 in gas on April 23.
• Responded, with local rescue officials, on April 23 to an accident on South Main Street. Police said a female jogger collided with the side of a van while running. Police said the woman was taken to Porter Hospital to be treated for a head injury.
• Ticketed some East Middlebury residents for an offense involving their dogs, who allegedly killed some chickens in the East Main Street area on April 23.
• Investigated a report on April 24 of someone using a woman's lost credit card four times without her permission.
• Cited James D. Gold IV, 22, of Bolton, Mass., for driving under the influence, following a stop for speeding on South Main Street on April 25.
• Responded to a disorderly conduct report on Court Street on April 25.
• Euthanized a sick woodchuck that was on the Courtyard by Marriott property on April 25.
• Received on April 25, from the purchaser of a storage unit at Paquette Self Storage, a gun that had allegedly been reported stolen more than 30 years ago out of Brooklyn, Ohio.
• Assisted a local woman who claimed to have been threatened by an individual at the Blue Spruce Motel on Route 7 South on April 25.
• Received a report that someone had broken a mirror off a vehicle parked off Airport Road on April 26.
• Investigated the theft of a Subaru Legacy from the Porter Hospital campus on April 27. Police said Bristol police later found the vehicle.
• Assisted a local man who had been receiving unwanted phone calls on April 28.
• Were informed that someone had driven into another vehicle in the Hannaford Supermarket parking lot on April 28.
• Responded to a report of a man trying to use a fake ID to buy alcohol at Hannaford Supermarket on April 28.
• Assisted other law enforcement officials in restraining an unruly patient at Porter Medical Center on April 29. Police said the patient had to be placed in restraints.
• Were informed that someone had driven away from the Middlebury Village Depot on Court Street without paying for $60 in gas on April 29.
• Assisted an elderly man in locating his vehicle after he thought it had been stolen from the Seymour Street Extension area on April 29. The man had forgotten where he had parked the car after completing his walk in Wright Park.
• Took into protective custody two intoxicated women on April 30.
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text: All The Wine by Mtlbro6 published on 2013-12-01T14:06:31Z "They were very responsive via email. We continue to receive complements from our guests on their beautiful playing and it made our outdoor ceremony and cocktail hour extra special. The Atlanta Sound players were very reasonably priced considering their day-of promptness, accuracy, professionalism and musical abilities. Our ceremony music was perfect, and magnificent! They made choosing our music enjoyable with their user-friendly website and suggestions. Overall we had a wonderful experience working with them and we are so happy we worked with The Atlanta Sound for our wedding day!" -Lauren Cable (bride in September 2014) Genre classical


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AP Source: Jets Haven't Made Decision On Tony Sparano
NEW YORK (CBSNewYork/AP) -- Tony Sparano is still the Jets' offensive coordinator.
And, as unlikely as it seems, there remains a chance he could be running Rex Ryan's offense next season.
A person familiar with the situation told The Associated Press on Wednesday that the Jets have not yet made a decision on Sparano's job status despite many fans and media having speculated that Sparano will certainly be fired after one season. That means there's a possibility, although it would appear slim, that Sparano could remain on Ryan's staff. The person spoke to the AP on condition of anonymity because they are not authorized to publicly discuss the status of the coaching staff.
ESPN reported last week that Sparano would be fired after the season.
"Rex Ryan isn't alone in wanting to replace Tony Sparano. Players told me throughout season they didn't think he was capable play caller," Manish Mehta of the New York Daily News tweeted on Thursday.
Ryan, along with all of his assistants, are off until next Monday as they take a break following a dismal 6-10 season that was capped by general manager Mike Tannenbaum being fired Monday. Ryan, who is vacationing in the Bahamas, and owner Woody Johnson will not address the media until next Tuesday.
While Johnson said in a statement that Ryan will remain the Jets' coach next season, there still remains some uncertainty on which coaches will be back and which ones will not as the team searches for a new general manager. San Francisco director of player personnel Tom Gamble, Atlanta director of player personnel David Caldwell, Giants director of college scouting Marc Ross and former Cleveland GM Tom Heckert are expected to be among those interviewed by the Jets starting later this week.
Much of the coaching staff decisions will likely depend on who the new general manager is. It is believed Ryan will be safe - at least for next season - regardless of who is hired, but there could be changes made on the coach's staff. While Sparano's status is uncertain, defensive coordinator Mike Pettine turned down a contract extension earlier in the season, and special teams coordinator Mike Westhoff retired after the season finale at Buffalo on Sunday.
Sparano was hired last March to replace Brian Schottenheimer and to turn around an offense that struggled mightily. Instead, the former Miami Dolphins head coach wasn't able to jumpstart the running game or figure out a way to use Tim Tebow consistently. Sparano was expected to use Tebow as a major part of the Jets' wildcat-style offense, but the popular backup quarterback was mostly a non-factor - failing to get into the end zone during his first and likely only season in New York.
Mark Sanchez also had a miserable season, getting benched for the first time in his career and leaving his status as the team's starting quarterback next year in serious doubt.
"He's working his butt off and starting to go through player evaluations and things like that that coaches do right after the season ends and these next couple days I'm sure they'll do that," Sanchez said Monday as the players cleared out their lockers. "But he's a fighter, he's a tough guy and he's doing his best to try and help the team."
Sparano was also working with a makeshift lineup in some cases as top wide receiver Santonio Holmes was lost for the season early with a foot injury. Tight end Dustin Keller played in only eight games because of injuries, while rookie wide receiver Stephen Hill played in just 11 and finished the season on injured reserve with a sprained knee ligament.
Sparano had no comment after the season-ending 28-9 loss to the Bills on Sunday, and many thought it was a foregone conclusion that he would be out as the team's offensive coordinator. Ryan also declined to comment on the futures of any of his coaches after the game.
"What I am as a coach or any of those things, it's for somebody else to evaluate and obviously there are a lot of people evaluating me," a joking Sparano said in his weekly news conference last Thursday. "All that being said, I think that when we had those pieces which was not very long, we didn't have them together very long, meaning Tone (Holmes), Stephen and Keller, having all the players out there together at one time, I thought that we were getting really close to where we needed to be."
Do you think there's any chance Sparano returns for 2013? Would that be a gigantic mistake? Be heard in the comments!
(TM and © Copyright 2013 CBS Radio Inc. and its relevant subsidiaries. CBS RADIO and EYE Logo TM and Copyright 2013 CBS Broadcasting Inc. Used under license. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.)
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text: FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Website: Heroes of the Dungeon Where to buy: Heroes of the Dungeon - Android Apps on Google Play Hi-Re Pictures: press release assets - Google Drive InterServ's Heroes of the Dungeon Action RPG Mobile Game Begins Beta Largest roster of playable heroes ever for an action RPG September 6th, 2016, Taipei, Taiwan – From the renowned developer InterServ International comes the all-new 3D mobile action RPG Heroes of the Dungeon (HoD). The game features the largest roster of playable Heroes ever found in a dungeon crawler action RPG. There will be 20 originally designed Heroes offered at launch, each with 4 distinctive skill sets that are upgradable and hundreds of equipment to forge. Currently, HoD is conducting its second beta program in South East Asia, with an impressive retention rate of 55%. Based on feedbacks from these 50k+ beta players, HoD is not a walk in the park when it comes to gameplay difficulties, both in the solo campaign as well as in the various multiplayer modes. The development team at InterServ have also updated the game on August 23rd with numerous game improvements and new features based on focus group testing from the first round, most noticeably includes two new game modes, user interface optimization, tweaks in the beginner's tutorial, and revision to couple of the Hero's design. Heroes of the Dungeon is on schedule for a worldwide release in October 2016 on both iOS and Android. Massive World with Rich Content Heroes of the Dungeon offers a rich lore with a campaign story tying together the fate of all the Heroes. The game's over-world takes place on a war torn continent between four kingdoms, Tytania, Nirvash, Darkwood and Behrend. The game starts off with the main protagonist, Lance the Berserker, as he sets out on his quest for revenge, and uncovers the great conspiracy behind the Great War between Light and Darkness. Throughout the solo campaign, players will comes across characters that are friends and foes, and some boss battles will result in the boss character eventually joining the player side and become a playable character. There will be 150 solo campaign stages available at launch with more to come as the game updates. Many Heroes, Many Paths With 20 heroes at launch, players need not worry about which character class to start the journey with. In Heroes of the Dungeon, new heroes will be made available to the player once the pre-requirement is fulfilled; these requirements varies from reaching a certain level, completing certain in-games tasks, to time-limited offers. From the Western fantasy style of Berserker, Shadow Archer and Paladin, to the Eastern fantasy style of Monkey King, Ascetic Monk and Samurai, each hero is unique with greatly varying strengths, weaknesses and with hundreds of skills at your disposable. Melee Heroes such as Lance the Berserker and Elliott the Undead King offers high damage output and good defense. Range Heroes such Cloris the Shadow Archer and Beatrice the Mage offers crowd control attacks and magic alignment attacks for special enemies. Tank Heroes such as Orobas the Minotaur and Benidict the Guardian offers damage absorption with high HP. Though player control one hero at a time during solo mission, player can choose up to three heroes to enter each dungeon and swap on the fly according to encounter and environment changes. As for multiplayer modes, players will bring two to three Heroes onto the stage depending on game match types. The possibilities are endless when it comes to battle party composition, a change in hero, an upgrade or even a variation of skill combo could turn the tide of battle. Every Adventure Is Full Of Surprises Heroes of the Dungeon offer dynamic dungeon stages where the system generates stages at random to provide a refreshing experience every time. The game's dungeon environment design varies from typical ancient corridors to volcanic lava stages, each filled with deathly traps that test the player's skills. Not forgetting the hidden treasure throughout that offers unlimited loot for crafting gears and upgrading heroes, this is a hackn' slash RPG title where players are sure to sink in hundreds of hours into. Stunning Visual and Fluid Combat As mobile game development matures, more action RPG titles become available, but many action RPG games neglect the smoothness of gameplay as they seek to produce jaw-dropping visuals. For Heroes of the Dungeon, the development team took extra effort in hardware optimization to make sure the game plays smoothly across as many devices as possible, striking a balance between fluid gameplay, great character details, rich environments, smooth combat and great audio and visuals. The game runs on the Unity engine and can be enjoyed with Android 4.0.3 and above, as well as iOS 5.5.1 and above. Exclusive MOBA Mode Gamers of today expect more in terms of gameplay and game modes, aside from the 4 single player modes, Heroes of the Dungeon offers 6 different competitive modes. From a more standard fare of 1 on 1 Runestone battle, 3 on 3 death match PvP, to guild versus guild battles; the most innovative of all is the Bridge of Arbitration mode. The Bridge of Arbitration is a MOBA mode offers 2 on 2 MOBA fights, players represents either the blue or the red side and the main goal is to destroy the opponent's nexus tower within the time limit or score more points than the opponent for a win. This exclusive MOBA style gameplay will exercise every ounce of the player's ability to control their Heroes and understanding the skill combos between heroes as well as how to counter opponent tactics. Bridge of Arbitration comes with online leaderboards and every week the top players will be rewarded with in-game items for their achievements, and some rare items will only be available here, hence the Bridge of Arbitration will sure stir up much multiplayer mayhem! Development Backstory Professionalism, innovation, entertainment and quality are the principles that InterServ holds highly and they are integrated into the "Heroes of the Dungeon" whole design concept. "For Heroes of the Dungeon, we designed a very large world with complex character relationships, these relationships materializes in both the single player modes as well as the competitive modes. The development took two years, and we've carefully selected the key elements that we feel can maximize the gameplay enjoyment for mobile players and make the game what it is, this is unlike how others who are just imitating an already existing concept. We have also additional ideas for this Dungeon-based Action RPG, of which many will be implemented in future version of this game through updates. Heroes of the Dungeon will ensure players to enjoy something that they've never felt before when it comes to mobile gaming, and right at the start the player will experience an epic "Dragon Battle" scene as an introduction to the story, one that invokes feelings and emotions. Whether it's the richness of game modes, diversity of heroes or fluid gameplay - we hope that players enjoy this creation of ours." – InterServ International Heroes of the Dungeon will be available for both the Android and iOS platform at launch. For game information: Heroes of the Dungeon View More News at CyberMedia Press Center: News About InterServ International InterServ International is a globally recognized leader in mobile games development. Established in Taiwan in 1989, InterServ has more than 2 decades of experience in high-quality game development, this includes some well-known 3D Martial Arts Online Games like The Smiling, Proud Wanderer, Condor Heroes, Meteor Butterfly and a Blade.Net. In line with the rapid growth of the mobile platform over the recent years, InterServ has expanded their operations to cater to a wider range of audience by collaborating with game distribution agents across the globe.


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River Fishing
(Redirected from Fishing)
River FishingApproaches, Techniques, and Tips for fishing Rivers in the Eastern United States.
Table of Contents Edit
- Introduction
- What is a river?
- Evaluating conditions
- What are the parts of a river?
- Understand Each fishery
- Techniques to increase mobility
- What are some basic approaches
- Approaching streams that are seasonal rivers


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Bob Anderson, Darth Vader's swordsman, dies at 89
by Adam, filed in Movies, News on Jan.02, 2012
Bob Anderson, the man who played Darth Vader in his lightsaber duels in The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, passed away yesterday. Though voiced by James Earl Jones and played by David Prowse for most of the original trilogy, Bob Anderson is the man in the suit whenever Darth Vader was engaged in those iconic lightsaber battles.
Beyond Star Wars, Bob Anderson worked on many films doing either stunts or working as a fencing coach. His credits include Highlander, The Princess Bride, The Mask of Zorro, The Lord of the Rings films and The Pirates of the Caribbean. He has also represented Great Britain in fencing at the Olympic Games.
Source: Entertainment Weekly.


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Chapter 9
The next day an incident served to confirm Billy Budd in his incredulity as to the Dansker's strange summing-up of the case submitted.
The ship at noon, going large before the wind, was rolling on her course, and he, below at dinner and engaged in some sportful talk with the members of his mess, chanced in a sudden lurch to spill the entire contents of his soup-pan upon the new scrubbed deck. Claggart, the Master-at-arms, official rattan in hand, happened to be passing along the battery in a bay of which the mess was lodged, and the greasy liquid streamed just across his path. Stepping over it, he was proceeding on his way without comment, since the matter was nothing to take notice of under the circumstances, when he happened to observe who it was that had done the spilling. His countenance changed. Pausing, he was about to ejaculate something hasty at the sailor, but checked himself, and pointing down to the streaming soup, playfully tapped him from behind with his rattan, saying in a low musical voice peculiar to him at times, "Handsomely done, my lad! And handsome is as handsome did it too!" And with that passed on. Not noted by Billy, as not coming within his view, was the involuntary smile, or rather grimace, that accompanied Claggart's equivocal words. Aridly it drew down the thin corners of his shapely mouth. But everybody taking his remark as meant for humourous, and at which therefore as coming from a superior they were bound to laugh "with counterfeited glee," acted accordingly; and Billy tickled, it may be, by the allusion to his being the handsome sailor, merrily joined in; then addressing his messmates exclaimed, "There now, who says that Jimmy Legs is down on me!"
"And who said he was, Beauty?" demanded one Donald with some surprise. Whereat the foretopman looked a little foolish, recalling that it was only one person, Board-her-in-the-smoke, who had suggested what to him was the smoky idea that this Master-at-arms was in any peculiar way hostile to him. Meantime that functionary, resuming his path, must have momentarily worn some expression less guarded than that of the bitter smile, and usurping the face from the heart, some distorting expression perhaps; for a drummer-boy heedlessly frolicking along from the opposite direction and chancing to come into light collision with his person was strangely disconcerted by his aspect. Nor was the impression lessened when the official, impulsively giving him a sharp cut with the rattan, vehemently exclaimed, "Look where you go!"


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Thursday, March 25, 2010
Malt Mission 2010 #383
Speyside Single Malt Scotch Whisky
43% abv
The Macallan is one of the most well-recognised malts in the world, and as such, often attracts a good deal of attention, both positive and negative.
The recent, and gradual, release/implementation of The Macallan Ice Ball Serve has been embraced by bars and accounts that can accommodate the item, envied in the pages of lifestyle magazines, websites, and blogs, and bitched about by almost everyone with a Glencairn glass, a MaltAdvocate and/or WhiskyMagazine subscription, and a QWERTY.
Just last week, on the back of a UK press release about "an innovative serving method expressly for those who like their whisky with ice," John Hansell threw the concept into the ring for the Malt Advocan'ts to have their way with. And they weren't gentle. 78 comments later, ranging from the pseudo-scientific, to the super silly, we are left with a bitter taste in our mouths. And it has nothing to do with the 100% sherry cask maturation.
There are really too many comments that demand address to cite here... I love that selling whisky is what the folks who sell whisky do best. Selling whisky is what got us to where we are today, with folks from Norway to Nagasaki to Newfoundland enjoying seemingly infinite amounts of fine single malts and being able to share their opinions about them online and at whisky fests and the like. The ideas presented to the contrary go beyond average connoisseur cyicism about marketing, beyond "back in my day..." nostalgia... Cowdery nailed it: check your hubris!
What, you've started a fricking Facebook page now? Hey, grab a dram and let's put whisky where your mouth is.
If you are enjoying a lovely single cask Mortlach, or a Clynelish, or a Brora, or any number of the 90+ single malts that most folks who want their Macallan served on a gorgeous sphere of ice have never heard of, please remember that if Johnnie Walker had not "conned consumers" with the seemingly corrupt aim of "selling more whisky", you would be drinking one of only 4 remaining distilleries in Scotland (and for good measure they'd be called The Smooth Sweeter One, The Rich Spicy One, The...)
I have no point that I am overly committed to here other than the general desire to urge connoisseurship to take a breath, top up their dram, and join me at camera 2.
Calm the fuck down.
For more Macallan distillery info, or to see all Macallans had on the Malt Mission, click HERE.
Rich, assertive sherry impressions, layered with malty fudge notes, dates, raisins, and apple butter.
Apples, dry sherry, calvados, evolving into rich, toasty oak full of char, caramel, raisins, and candy floss. Nice bitter/dry/sweet balance through the finish.
Rich enough to make you feel the same. A very chewy and engaging classic malt. Full flavours that make big impressions with no apparent attempts at subtlety. (And holy shit, did you see the LCBO price for this?!!? Totalitario.)
Malt Mission #381
Malt Mission #382
Malt Mission #384
Malt Mission #385
Malt Mission HOME
6 comments:
- Luke - AspiringGentleman said...
Great post. If having people drink their whisky with ice, or soda water, or whatever means that more whiskies make it to market, I'm definitely a supporter.
Hello Dr Sam,
All marketing and communication issues in my view. Most brands, probably all actually, forgot that you cannot only think 'market segments' anymore. Segments do still exist when actual selling is concerned (indeed, people who buy a Brora 30yo probably won't buy Macallan's 12yo Fine Oak, and maybe not one of Diageo's expensive MCs) but segments do not really exist anymore on the Internet. Or rather, they severely overlap. John Hansell's forum is a good example, you have street drinkers and 'connoisseurs' alike who swap comments and ideas. That didn't exist in printed media, magazines and such. Same on Twitter, 'connoisseurs' follow 'PR types' and reversely. A message to the street drinkers will obligatorily impact the 'enlightened' as well – and probably first, generating some obligatory flak as the message was built for the street drinker, not for the 'cognoscenti'. The other problem is that large websites aimed at the 'aficionados' (ha, I'm running short of descriptors) are very high on google, sometimes even higher than the brands' own websites. Very hard to control – and the guys are not only not brand loyal, they're even brand disloyal!
This new paradigm leads some new voices to claim that you simply shouldn't use digital media anymore when not addressing the 'supposedly learned', as the 'supposedly learned' (influencers?) seem to control a large part of the Internet, the buzz and all that jazz. An extreme POV for sure but when looking at what some other hugely successful brands do – or rather do not do -, you cannot not think that it makes sense, in a certain way. Or a matter of moderation again?
- Oliver Klimek said...
Pardon me that I'm still a little hubrating, but do you in fact agree with the video that this is the ultimate way to enjoy the Mac?
- Hypocrite lecteur said...
I am sorry, dear Dr, but the only one that comes across as needing hubris is you. Really, all comments ranged from pseudoscientific to silly? Not one of them achieved your high intellectual standards?And what does the facebook page has to do with anything? It is not like facebook pages are Laws Of The Universe.
Again, oh-bather-in-whisky, people are afraid that their favorite drink could-just maybe could- lose its character for the sake of massive sales. If you do not think that is a possibility, you need lessons in history. Or Googling.
- Dr. Whisky said...
What a sweet note! Thank you.
But you nearly lost me at "you need hubris" (paraphrase).
If whisky is truly at rish of losing its character, whatever the hell that means, it will not be anything new. The masses do not want character, they want vodka, table red, drinks with enhanced mixability and neutral, inoffensive flavours. Single Malts are a realisation of the opposite achievement.
- Unknown said...
No, it was not sweet. It was angry.
The hubris refers to the fact that you found all comments on a very popular blog at best pseudo-scientific and at worst silly. All of them. And advised them to 'calm the fuck down'. Why they should be calm when an $150 (much much more in my home country), priced as such supposedly for its nose and palate, is promoted as ice fodder, is up for questions, I suppose.
As for the character in the single malt whisky, my own meager experience from whisky and whisky drinkers points very definitely that many of them do know what the hell that is. Your own comments in this very blog are also strong indicators of that, or are usually taken to be.
Now, I don't know about "the masses" and all that jazz. I know however, that making a very distinctive drink into something more general requires care. I, for one, would not be happy to see it become vodka-like. There are other ways to make it more approachable.
I also don't like the opposite route sometimes taken, the "Cognac way", which treats malt like some kind of whisky Ferrari. So as to be clear.


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DCIFF Kicks Off Submissions for 2015 Festival
We are proud to open submissions for our 2015 DC Independent Film Festival, running this year from February 25th to March 1st. For the 15th year, we are thrilled to support the film community not only in DC, but around the world.
DCIFF is unique in several aspects. The first being we are the oldest film festival in the DC-area but also entirely volunteer-run. This means we give your film the personal attention it deserves by taking the time to watch every film submitted. Not just by one reviewer but by our festival director as well to ensure your film is fairly judged.
We also do not pre-program our festival around a specific genre or theme. This gives us the freedom to accept any film, from any country, in any language, or genre no matter the length or subject (minus any pornographic content). As a result, we receive top-notch animation submissions which shows to a sold-out crowd year-after-year. We can also première experimental or art films that aren't necessarily confined to just the screen, including installations or music performances. We are also happy to announce we will be continuing both our Summit On the Hill and High School Student Film Showcase this year.
As for a few housekeeping items, we always like to remind our potential filmmakers that to be eligible, your film must be premiering in the DC Metro Area and cannot be available online for free once selected. We want to make sure that you have the best crowd possible but to do this we need to be able to build buzz around your amazing film.
Interested? Great! We thought you might be. Head on over to our submissions page for more information about fees, deadlines, and forms. We will be using Withoutabox again this year for digital submissions in addition to Submittable which will be live within the next week.
Looking forward to seeing all your wonderful films!


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Grandmother Who Killed Grandson: I Feared Him
PONTIAC (WWJ/AP) - A 75-year-old woman charged with first-degree murder sobbed on the witness stand Wednesday as she told jurors how she repeatedly shot her teenage grandson after he kicked her in the stomach and demanded money and a car to leave the state.
Sandra Layne described herself as an overwhelmed grandmother who took Jonathan Hoffman into her Detroit-area home after his parents divorced and moved to Arizona. She said she "adored" the 17-year-old, but their relationship changed when the teen got involved with drugs.
"Did you want to kill this young man?" defense attorney Jerome Sabbota asked.
"Of course not. I still love him," Layne replied, crying and nervously rocking in the witness chair.
Authorities said Layne fired 10 shots, striking Hoffman six times, even while he was on the phone with 911 begging for help from their West Bloomfield Township home. His death in May 2012 occurred as Michigan officials were cracking down on the sale of so-called synthetic marijuana, known as K2 or Spice, because of its adverse effects on young people. An autopsy revealed traces of it in his body.
Layne answered questions from her lawyer for more than an hour, mostly talking about the months that preceded the fatal shooting, all in an attempt to show jurors that the slender, gray-haired woman was becoming deeply fearful of her grandson.
She said Hoffman attended an alternative high school, used drugs and spent time with friends whom she didn't know or trust. Layne said he couldn't control his temper if things went wrong, destroying computer equipment and kicking doors and the car dashboard.
Sabbota played a 911 call to police two months before Hoffman's death when she believed he was planning to run away.
"I know you hate me for this, honey, but you need some help," she told Hoffman in a conversation that was picked up on the 911 recording.
The defense called police officer Scott Mong who responded to the condo on that call.
Mong said Hoffman was agitated and cursing about his mother -- Layne's daughter.
"At first he said, her daughter ruined my [expletive] life. Then, I asked him to please settle down and calm down ... and then he continued on with his yelling," said Mong, "I believe he said, her daughter is a piece of [expletive]."
Layne said she bought a gun in April 2012 because she feared that her grandson's friends were dangerous and might steal her valuables. She told jurors she was "desperate and didn't know what to do." She practiced shooting at a range weeks before she killed her grandson.
On the day of the shooting, Layne said, Hoffman had flunked a drug test and was at risk of being sent to jail for violating probation in a marijuana case. She said he demanded $2,000 and the keys to her car.
"I went into my bedroom and started looking for the gun," Layne said. "I wanted him to pay attention to me. He had to listen. It wasn't a conversation. It was arguing. Swearing."
She said she shot Hoffman after he kicked her and struck her in the head. Layne then rushed to the basement from a third-floor loft to hide. She said she returned and shot the teen again after he grabbed for the gun.
"I was afraid it would start all over again," Layne testified.
On cross-examination, prosecutors asked Layne why she simply didn't boot her grandson out of the house if she was so afraid of him. She acknowledged that he never struck her before the day of the shooting.
"Instead of sending Jonathan home and telling his parents to pick him up or calling his Aunt Judy, the option you choose is to buy a gun," assistant prosecutor Kelli Megyesi said.
Earlier in her testimony, Layne said a "tipping point" occurred when she saw Hoffman restrained while being treated in a hospital for drug use.
"I knew he was troubled, but I didn't realize he was that troubled," she said.
Cross-examination will resume Thursday. Layne faces life in prison without parole if convicted of first-degree murder.
MORE: Will Jury Be Swayed By 'Grandma Factor' During Sandra Layne Trial?
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Seventy one years ago, New Zealand declares war on Japan after the bombing of the US naval bases at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii (8 December 1941)
The bombing of Pearl Harbour set the Pacific War in motion. This event and Japan's subsequent expansion through the Philippines, Thailand and the Malaysian peninsula, followed by the capture of the strategic British naval base at Singapore in February 1942 and the bombing of Darwin in northern Australia, intensified fears that New Zealand would also be attacked.
Home defence efforts intensified, while negative attitudes towards Japanese surfaced in benign every day objects, including parlour games, such as the puzzle shown above.
By 1941, the bulk of New Zealand troops had been posted to North Africa, one of the battle fronts shown of this comical map.
The leaders of New Zealand, the USA and Great Britain came to an agreement that they would stay there while American troops were deployed to the Pacific. New Zealand would be used as their base for staging operations as well as training, picking up supplies and 'R&R' (rest and recreation) for troops.
Tens of thousands of Americans found themselves living in camps in New Zealand between June 1942 and mid-1944. Crown Lynn manufactured virtually indestructible plates, mugs and bowls, like this one, for the Americans to use while they were there.
Many of the camps were located near main centres of population, and troops came into regular with locals who provided home comforts, and hospitality and entertainment in venues like the club in the photo, which was set up by the Red Cross in Masterton. This club's cafeteria catered to American tastes by adding hamburgers and cheeseburgers on its menu.
Romance often blossomed between New Zealand women and the glamorous visitors. Around 1500 women married an American sweetheart. Ada Menzies might have been included this number, except that her American fiancé, First Lieutenant Hugh Leidel, died from wounds at Tarawa in the Pacific in November 1943 – a month after their engagement.
Hugh may have given Ada this brooch, featuring an optimistic 'V' for victory, while they were courting. It remained amongst her possessions until her death.
The influence of the wartime 'invasion' by the Americans on popular culture and international politics also continued long after the troops had departed from New Zealand.
Read more about the impact of the USA on 1950s New Zealand on the Slice of Heaven exhibition website.
Find out more about New Zealand at home during WWII on the Slice of Heaven exhibition website.
Go to NZHistory.net.nz which covers the Americans invasion during WWII in detail.