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The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) have announced that the first of three public round-table discussions to identify financial reporting issues highlighted by the global financial crisis will be held in London on 14 November 2008. Dates for the round-table discussions to be held in Norwalk (Connecticut) and Tokyo will be announced shortly.
The round-table meetings provide an opportunity for the two boards to hear input from a wide range of stakeholders including users and preparers of financial statements, governments, regulators and others. The round tables are intended to help the boards identify any accounting issues that may require the urgent and immediate attention of the boards to improve financial reporting and help enhance investor confidence in financial markets. Participants in the round tables will also be asked to identify issues to which the boards should give longer-term consideration.
The boards have also announced the establishment of an advisory group of senior leaders with broad international experience of financial markets to provide advice to the boards. The insights gained at the round tables will help the deliberations of this group. The composition of the advisory group will be announced shortly.
How to participate
The London round table will be held at Holborn Bars, 138—142 Holborn, London EC1N 2NQ. Two sessions will be held, each lasting about 90 minutes. The morning session will begin at 10.30 London time and the afternoon session at 13.00 London time. Access to a Webcast of the round tables will also be available via the IASB Website.
To register your interest in attending a round-table session (either as a participant or an observer) please send an email to Victoria Blackburn at email@example.com (ref: financial crisis roundtable) with details of your name and the organisation you are representing. Please state whether you would like to take part in or to observe the session.
Please note that although we aim to admit every interested party to the round tables, there may not be room for all those who wish to attend.
Further information on the IASB's response to the credit crisis can be found at www.iasb.org/credit+crisis.
Press inquiries:
Mark Byatt, Director of Corporate Communications, IASB
telephone: +44 (0)20 7246 6472, email: email@example.com
Neal McGarity, Director of Communications, US FASB
telephone: +1 203 956-5347, e-mail: email@example.com
Sonja Horn, Communications Advisor, IASB
Telephone: +44 (0)20 7246 6463; email: email@example.com
Notes to the editors
About the IASB
The IASB was established in 2001 and is the standard-setting body of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) Foundation, an independent private sector, not-for-profit organisation. The IASB is committed to developing, in the public interest, a single set of high quality, global accounting standards that provide high quality transparent and comparable information in general purpose financial statements. In pursuit of this objective the IASB conducts extensive public consultations and seeks the co-operation of international and national bodies around the world. Its 14 members (12 of whom are full-time) are drawn from nine countries and have a variety of professional backgrounds. They are appointed by and accountable to the Trustees of the IASC Foundation, who are required to select the best available combination of technical expertise and diversity of international business and market experience.
About the FASB
Since 1973, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has been the designated organization in the private sector for establishing standards of financial accounting and reporting. Those standards govern the preparation of financial reports and are officially recognized as authoritative by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Such standards are essential to the efficient functioning of the economy because investors, creditors, auditors, and others rely on credible, transparent, and comparable financial information. For more information about the FASB, visit its website at www.fasb.org.


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Like starting a tumblr page (lgstudio.tumblr.com)
We hope to share more visuals of our process, findings, and inspirations...and more frequently!
Lately I've been bad about posting on the blog only because of how time consuming it is for me! And yes...guilty as charged, I've had my share of back posting!! :P
So I think using tumblr will be really good since it'll force me to do short & sweet updates!
But for those who likes to read more in general, we'll still continue to post on our website blog especially for times when sharing just one sentence or one photo doesn't do justice on the subject....or for when I absolutely need to ramble and share all my nonsense. :)
So...long blogger! We've had a good run!!
....and HELLO to ALL these other ways to stay connected and follow us!

subset: commoncrawl


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And now the news you have been waiting for … PRIZE SPONSORS! I have included their websites here too … just so you can browse ahead of time and pick out the prize you have your sights on!
So we have:
Itch to Stitch has generously donated ONE pattern of the winner's choice from the Itch to Stitch Shop here.
Joannas Art and Cards is generously donating a box set of 12 Art Cards (with envelopes) measuring 5 x 7 inches. Take a peek at Joanna's Etsy shop here.
Sense & Sensibility Patterns has kindly donated ONE ePattern to the winner. Their website is here.
Vintage Pattern Lending Library has generously donated THREE $25 Gift Certificates. Here's their Etsy Shop.
Skinny Bitch Curvy Chick Patterns has donated ONE PDF pattern. Their website is here.
Paprika Patterns has donated ONE pattern of the winner's choice, take a browse through at their website here.
Named Patterns has donated ONE PDF pattern to the winner. Have a browse through their shop for all your options here!
Last of all, we have Nice dress! Thanks, I made it!! (Me). I will be donating a "Mystery Grab Bag" sewing related, of course!
We have all seen something we LOVE either in the stores, online or on the runways, but don't actually want to buy for some reason. So I propose that we sew that garment that we see/want. Now if you are lucky and you already have an exact pattern, either an indie pattern, your own self-drafted, or a "Big 4" pattern, that you can use – then go for it! If you have to alter a pattern that you already have, or draft your own pattern, you can do that too. Whatever works for you. Let's make what we see and want!
Show us your Designer Original photo and how you put together your Designer me-made COPY.
"Why buy when you can make it yourself – better and for less money?"
- Follow my blog either by WordPress or by email and leave a comment that you wish to join DESIGNIN' DECEMBER. I will share all entries on my blog in December for community voting, linking back to you.
- On your blog post a photo of your Designer Original and your Designer me-made COPY, mentioning DESIGNIN' DECEMBER with a link back to here, so other's can join in AND/OR on your Instagram post a photo of your Designer Original and your Designer me-made COPY, tagging it #DESIGNINDECEMBER and follow @nicedressthanksimadeit.
- Join the Facebook Group – Designin' December – show us your progress, ideas, Designer Original and Designer me-made Copy.
- Don't forget to share a comment or two with your other DESIGNIN' DECEMBER Challengers. Everyone loves comments!
REMEMBER we especially want to see your DESIGNER ORIGINAL and YOUR DESIGNER me-made COPY! Only entries shared on blogs AND/OR Instagram will be entered.
Deadline is December 31, 2017 and winners will be announced the beginning of January 2018. Winners will be chosen by community vote. Voters should select the entry that best expresses the spirit of DESIGNIN' DECEMBER …
"Why buy when you can make it yourself – better and for less money?"
There will be 5 FABULOUS (randomly selected) prizes given away to the Instagram winners who follow @nicedressthanksimadeit mentioning #DESIGNINDECEMBER.
There will be 5 FABULOUS (randomly selected) prizes given away to "Nice dress! Thanks, I made it!!" followers mentioning DESIGNIN' DECEMBER on their own blogs.
EDITED to avoid confusion: Ten prizes available. One entry, with as many pieces as you like, per sewist. Only one prize per sewist/winner.
- On Twitter post a photo of your Designer Original and your Designer me-made COPY, tagging it #DESIGNINDECEMBER and follow @LindaMNicedress.
- Send your email address to me at imadeit362436 (at) gmail (dot) com and I'll send you an invite to join the "DESIGNIN' DECEMBER" Pinterest board here so you can add your Designer Original and your Designer me-made COPY to the board.
Again, thank you to our generous sponsors for providing all these lovely prizes! It's been a joy talking to all of you and getting to know you!
Happy Sewing!


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The Texas Progressive Alliance is ready for Primary Day and reminds all of you to vote if you haven't already. Here is your Primary Day roundup.
From the Barnett Shale, TXsharon announces a new "Watchdog" for drillers and her SOS to EPA about benzene and other dangerous toxins in the Denton Creek Watershed was heard. The EPA has responded! Bluedaze: DRILLING REFORM FOR TEXAS
After the latest prevarication on her date of departure from the Senate, PDiddie at Brains and Eggs opines: "Kay Bailey, won't you please GO HOME?!"
CouldBeTrue of South Texas Chisme shows the Texas Supreme Court flipping the finger to Texans, yet again.
Bay Area Houston highlights yet more hypocrisy from Rick Perry with his I Came and Took it! teabagging campaign.
At WhosPlayin the recent discussion has centered around equity in the Lewisville ISD. It looks like the district may be taking a big step by considering a tear-down and rebuild of the district's oldest high school after costs for asbestos remediation and fire sprinkler installation in the old building went too high. Construction is not equity, though, and there are still issues to be addressed.
Over at McBlogger, Mayor McSleaze takes a look at the Republican HD 47 primary fight and finds it almost as entertaining as an old-fashioned pie fight.
Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison changes her story again about when she might leave the Senate. Off the Kuff has lost count of how many times this has happened.
WCNews at Eye On Williamson has a round up of the campaign cash and who's giving in Williamson County, Bob Perry looms large in Williamson County GOP House races.
The Texas Cloverleaf looks at the early voting turnout in Denton County and the GOP surge.
This week on Left of College Station, Teddy makes the case for Brazos County Democrats to vote in the Republican primary, and releases the Left of College Station Democratic primary candidate endorsements. Left of College Station also covers the debate in the Texas A&M Student Senate over the anti-discrimination policy.
Pollchecker , over at TexasKaos calls out McCain on using Texas health care as an example of "success". And he wonders why he is not president?
Neil at Texas Liberal offered up his 2010 Democratic Primary slate. Neil also noted that Texas Liberal passed one million page views. Thanks to everybody who has read the blog.
By promoting cleaner energy, cleaner government, and cleaner air for all Texans, we hope to provide for a healthy place to live and prosper. We are Public Citizen Texas.


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Politico – by MANU RAJU and DAVID ROGERS
Days before the March 1 deadline, Senate Republicans are circulating a draft bill that would cancel $85 billion in across-the-board spending cuts and instead turn over authority to President Barack Obama to achieve the same level of savings under a plan to be filed by March 8.
The five- page document, which has the tacit support of Senate GOP leaders, represents a remarkable shift for the party. Having railed against Senate Democrats for not passing a budget, Republicans are now proposing that Congress surrender an important piece of its Constitutional "power of the purse" for the last seven months of this fiscal year.
As proposed, lawmakers would retain the power to overturn the president's spending plan by March 22, but only under a resolution of disapproval that would demand two-thirds majorities in both the House and Senate to prevail over an Obama veto.
The proposal would require — like the sequester — that no more than $42.6 billion of the cuts come at the expense of defense programs. But the elaborate, almost Rube Goldberg construct is already provoking sharp criticism from Republicans and Democrats alike and reflects a political scramble to escape the fallout from the sequester.
The sweep of the first GOP option is striking. If Congress were to follow this course, significant power would be shifted to the president, an unusual maneuver that even Obama himself and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) have scoffed at. But the plan appears to have the backing of Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) and is being advanced by conservative Republicans who don't want the White House to continue using the sequester as a public relations hammer.
"Let's be clear about the goal here," McConnell said, somewhat defensively on the Senate floor Wednesday
Reid has said he will allow Republicans one shot at offering a sequester solution this week, but the GOP has been divided about a way forward. Even if Republicans unite behind this latest approach, it is unlikely to clear the Senate, ensuring that the sequestration cuts will take effect Friday.
The internal GOP jostling comes as top Democratic senators openly acknowledge they lack the 60 votes to get their plan out of the Senate with their alternative to forestall the cuts for 10 months with alternative savings and new taxes on millionaires. With no resolution in sight by week's end, Congress's next best hope to adjust to the sequester's blow falls to House and Senate appropriators, who must next replace the continuing resolution set to expire March 27.
Asked Tuesday if Democrats expected to get any GOP support to exceed the 60-vote threshold later this week, Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) laughed and said bluntly: "No."
Both parties want to avoid a government shutdown by March 27, but the same replacement bill for the expiring CR could also be used to mitigate the damage of the cuts by adjusting the underlying agency appropriations.
Senate Appropriations Committee Chairwoman Barbara Mikulski (D-Md.) is pressing her caucus to extend government funding with a more detailed package that would make it easier for agencies to cope with the lower funding levels. House Appropriations Committee Chairman Hal Rogers (R-Ky.) has had some early discussions with Mikulski, but so far he wants to push forward with a narrower plan that would focus most of the relief on the Pentagon and Department of Veterans Affairs.
Read more: http://www.politico.com/story/2013/02/senate-gop-ponders-shifting-power-to-obama-88149.html#ixzz2M7SPmarw


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PARKER, Colo. – One minute, Meg Mallon was running down the fairway, celebrating one of the biggest victories of her career. The next, she was being loaded into an ambulance and rushed to the hospital.
The U.S. captain's last turn as a player in the Solheim Cup was in 2005, when she made a par putt to clinch the American victory at Crooked Stick outside of Indianapolis. A typically raucous celebration ensued, but shortly after, Mallon started feeling lightheaded.
At the time, officials thought it was a simple case of heat exhaustion from a long weekend of golf in the summertime heat of Indiana.
As it turned out, Mallon's heart rate was buzzing along at 300 beats per minute. She was taken to the hospital and diagnosed and treated for Supraventricular tachycardia, an ailment that causes the heart to beat very fast for reasons other than exercise or rest.
"It turned out to be a blessing because I had been misdiagnosed with (a different) heart ailment for almost 20 years," Mallon said.
Mallon was fine. She got to enjoy a celebration in 2009 when she was an assistant captain on the winning U.S. team.
This year, she's running the show and hoping she'll get another chance to make up for what she missed in 2005.
"At the end of the day, it was great for me," she said of the 2005 drama, "but it sure was a buzz kill for the party."
YOUTH MOVEMENT: Paula Creamer made her Solheim Cup debut when she was 19. She earned a spot on the team and was bold enough to say in the weeks leading up to the matches that the Europeans should prepare to be beaten.
Creamer did her part, going 3-1-1 and trouncing Laura Davies in singles.
This year, being a teenager is no longer that big of a deal. Europe has the youngest player in Solheim Cup history, 17-year-old Charley Hull of England. The Americans have Lexi Thompson, who is 18 and already a two-time winner (once on the LPGA Tour, once on the Ladies European Tour).
Creamer said she only sounded fearless.
"I thought I knew what it was like to walk out on the first tee and I was like, 'I got it.' I can't tell you how nervous I really was," Creamer said.
It helped that she played before a home crowd at Crooked Stick in Indianapolis.
"Lexi is really lucky that this is her first one here in the States," Creamer said. "There's nothing better than having the homefield advantage. You really understand that when you do go over to Europe."
REDEMPTION: Cristie Kerr has a little extra motivation to win back the Solheim Cup for the Americans.
Two years ago in Ireland, she played four matches with an injured right thumb and could not hit a ball more than 10 yards warming up Sunday morning. Kerr had no choice but to withdraw, conceding the match to Europe.
Europe went on to win, 15-13.
"Nobody knows but me how much I gave that week and how much I played through," Kerr said. "Yet again, you've got to play singles. So it was very disappointing. Everybody has incredible motivation, but I have a little extra. So I am looking for some special stuff out there this week, and I am going to be there for my team. I'm looking forward to it."
WHAT'S IN A NAME: Because Inbee Park finished 42nd at the British Open earlier this month, she will not sweep all five of the women's majors.
Still, if she wins at the Evian Championship next month, she'll win her fourth major of the year. In the men's game, or in tennis, they would call that a Grand Slam. But in women's golf, which added Evian as its fifth major this year, there's some debate of where to rate — and what to call — the accomplishment.
U.S. Solheim Cup captain Meg Mallon would simply call it "an exceptional year."
"I don't know why we have to get caught up and have to label it," she said. "Because it takes away from the performance this girl's had this year."
Even with her finish at St. Andrews, Park is No. 1 in the world golf ranking and on the LPGA money list. She has six victories this year.
She isn't present this week at the Solheim Cup, which is an America vs. Europe event.
Only American Stacy Lewis, who won the British and is second on the money list, has an outside chance to say she's had as good a 2013 as Park, and even that would be a stretch. Park and Lewis will tee it up at Evian in four weeks.
"If she wins Evian, 'Best Player in the World,'" Mallon said of Park. "That's a pretty good title in and of itself."


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Favela Experience, For A Taste Of Authentic Brazilian Slum Living
If you're planning to go to Brazil for the World Cup, and you don't have your hotel yet, you're probably out of luck unless you're willing to stay off the beaten path in a favela, which is the Portuguese word for slum.
American Elliot Rosenberg is hoping his clients will see it more as an authentic Brazilian experience. His company is offering inexpensive homestays with families in one of Brazil's sprawling slum neighborhoods. Rosenberg says his guests do have access to modern amenities like heat, running water, even wireless Internet. Still, the favela experience is not without its challenges.
ELLIOT ROSENBERG: Even though there is water, electricity, Internet, public transportation, unfortunately, in the favela, probably the biggest and most pressing social problem is basic sanitation and that has to do with open trash heaps that are generally scooped up by trash trucks every night or so. But they're unsightly. The sewage system here basically just runs through open ditches, and people say quality of life and an actual public health issue.
MARTIN: What about safety, Elliott? Do you and your clients have legitimate concerns about public safety?
ROSENBERG: So that is probably the top worry for guests before they get here. But what's really interesting is that many of our guests remarked they actually feel safer inside the favela than they do outside. That's not to say that there aren't still concerns about safety here, but, frankly, any kind of issues are between the police and criminals.
MARTIN: And, Elliott, how do the folks living in these favelas - how do the Brazilians there feel about this new influx of tourism?
ROSENBERG: I'm actually overwhelmed with requests from locals who want to rent out their homes. But, frankly, we just don't have the organizational capacity or the last-minute ability to get them all online. So in that sense, people are very supportive.
MARTIN: Elliott Rosenberg - he's the founder of Favela Experience. He spoke to us from Rocinha, Rio de Janeiro, which is one of the largest settlements in Rio. Thanks so much for talking with us, Elliott. Have fun this summer.
ROSENBERG: We appreciate it. Go U.S.A. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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(16 February 2016) – A recent OECD publication describes the size and characteristics of emigrant populations by origin countries with a special focus on educational attainment and labour force status.
It offers origin countries a detailed picture of the size and composition of their diasporas, as well as their evolution since 2000.
It contains an overview chapter and six regional chapters, covering: Asia and Oceania, Latin America and the Caribbean; OECD countries; Non-OECD European and Central Asian countries; Middle East and North Africa; and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Regional chapters are followed by a regional note and country notes.


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The gene mutations driving cancer have been tracked for the first time in patients back to a distinct set of cells at the root of cancer – cancer stem cells.
The international research team, led by scientists at the University of Oxford and the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, studied a group of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes – a malignant blood condition which frequently develops into acute myeloid leukaemia.
The researchers say their findings, reported in the journal Cancer Cell, offer conclusive evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells.
The concept of cancer stem cells has been a compelling but controversial idea for many years. It suggests that at the root of any cancer there is a small subset of cancer cells that are solely responsible for driving the growth and evolution of a patient's cancer. These cancer stem cells replenish themselves and produce the other types of cancer cells, as normal stem cells produce other normal tissues.
The concept is important, because it suggests that only by developing treatments that get rid of the cancer stem cells will you be able to eradicate the cancer. Likewise, if you could selectively eliminate these cancer stem cells, the other remaining cancer cells would not be able to sustain the cancer.
'It's like having dandelions in your lawn. You can pull out as many as you want, but if you don't get the roots they'll come back,' explains first author Dr Petter Woll of the MRC Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford.
The researchers, led by Professor Sten Eirik W Jacobsen at the MRC Molecular Haematology Unit and the Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford, investigated malignant cells in the bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and followed them over time.
Using genetic tools to establish in which cells cancer-driving mutations originated and then propagated into other cancer cells, they demonstrated that a distinct and rare subset of MDS cells showed all the hallmarks of cancer stem cells, and that no other malignant MDS cells were able to propagate the tumour.
The MDS stem cells were rare, sat at the top of a hierarchy of MDS cells, could sustain themselves, replenish the other MDS cells, and were the origin of all stable DNA changes and mutations that drove the progression of the disease.
'This is conclusive evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells in myelodysplastic syndromes,' says Dr Woll. 'We have identified a subset of cancer cells, shown that these rare cells are invariably the cells in which the cancer originates, and also are the only cancer-propagating cells in the patients. It is a vitally important step because it suggests that if you want to cure patients, you would need to target and remove these cells at the root of the cancer – but that would be sufficient, that would do it.'
The existence of cancer stem cells has already been reported in a number of human cancers, explains Professor Jacobsen, but previous findings have remained controversial since the lab tests used to establish the identity of cancer stem cells have been shown to be unreliable and, in any case, do not reflect the "real situation" in an intact tumour in a patient.
'In our studies we avoided the problem of unreliable lab tests by tracking the origin and development of cancer-driving mutations in MDS patients,' says Professor Jacobsen, who also holds a guest professorship at the Karolinska Institutet.
Dr Woll adds: 'We can't offer patients today new treatments with this knowledge. What it does is give us a target for development of more efficient and cancer stem cell specific therapies to eliminate the cancer.
'We need to understand more about what makes these cancer stem cells unique, what makes them different to all the other cancer cells. If we can find biological pathways that are specifically dysregulated in cancer stem cells, we might be able to target them with new drugs.'
Dr Woll cautions: 'It is important to emphasize that our studies only investigated cancer stem cells in MDS, and that the identity, number and function of stem cells in other cancers are likely to differ from that of MDS.'
The study was funded by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, Leukaemia and Lymphoma Research, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC).


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Dist::Zilla::Plugin::PrereqsClean - Automatically cleans up the mess from other Prereq modules
; ...other Prereq plugins...
; (NOTE: Order is important, so PrereqsClean should go last.)
; defaults
minimum_perl = {{Runtime Requires for Perl}} || v5.8.8
removal_level = 2
Ever notice that it's really easy to figure out if a module's author used Dist::Zilla by the amount of dependencies? strict? warnings? base? Every module for Foo::Bar::*, individually listed?
Well, now you can clean up that junk. PrereqsClean will find and clean up:
Core modules that are already in Perl, verifying minimum version requirements
Core modules that only exist in Perl, which will elevate the minimum Perl version if necessary
Multiple modules that already exist in a single distribution
Why even worry about the dependency list?
Your list of dependencies should give users a general idea of how many distributions they need to download from CPAN. Bulking up the dependencies with every single little module scares away certain users into thinking your module is just too complex to worry about.
The core module search alone will aid you in setting the most accurate minimum Perl version.
It's just silly to add in stuff like strict and warnings as dependencies, when they have literally been a part of the Perl language since Day 1.
For the flip side, see "CAVEATS".
This is the bare minimum version of Perl you want to start off with. Some people already have a minimum in their code, which it will use by default. Otherwise, you can override here, instead of inside the modules.
The "last resort" default is v5.8.8, which is the minimum version of Perl that included EUMM.
This dictates just how zealous this module should remove dependencies from the list. The default (level 2) should work fine for most people.
Level 0 = This is the completely safe and boring option. It won't actually remove anything unless the module exists only in Perl, which dependencies wouldn't have fixed anyway. It will also elevate your minimum Perl version from that discovery, and warn you of deprecated/removed modules from core Perl.
Level 1 = This is the "core only" removal level, which adds support to remove "dual-life" (CPAN+Perl) core modules, if the minimum version is covered in the existing version of Perl.
Level 2 = This is the default removal level, which will condense multiple modules into a single distribution requirement.
Level 3 = This level will remove the "split protection" safeguards that allow it to only remove multiple modules if they fall into the same parent namespace. (For example, split protection would remove all of the Foo::Bar::\* modules as one Foo::Bar requirement, and the Blah::\* modules as a Blah requirement, even if all of those modules are in the same distribution.)
Situation: Once in a blue moon, the Perl folks will decide that a module is either too old, too broken, or too obscure to keep into core. Once that happens, there is a deprecation process. First, the module is marked as deprecated for an entire major release cycle (5.##.\*). If it was in the middle of a cycle, it will likely last another full cycle.
Finally, the module is removed from core. In many cases, the module isn't even available on CPAN, since the whole thing has been retired.
Problem: If PrereqsClean removed the module and if you haven't had a release in a large span of time (missing the entire deprecation cycle), then users might experience missing dependencies for newer versions of Perl.
Risk: As of the time of this writing, out of the 773 modules that have ever been in Perl core, 32 modules or module sets (93 indiv modules) have been removed from core, 10 of which were removed during a massive cleanup during the 5.8/9 cycle.
Given that you're using something as modern as Dist::Zilla, you're probably not depending on modules that are 10 years old. And you're probably releasing often enough that you'll run into the built-in deprecation warning before it gets removed.
Solution: If the module is still in CPAN, re-release your distro. Problem solved.
If not, you're pretty much SOL, anyway. Switch to a different module.
Situation: An author of a large distribution has decided that some of the modules are better off split up into another (or more) distro.
Problem: If PrereqsClean removed the module from the split, then users might experience missing dependencies. However, the chances are high that the distro author is now including the split modules in their dependency list, so CPAN will install it correctly, anyway.
Risk: This is a very rare event, but it does happen to major modules. For example, GAAS had split off all of the non-LWP modules from libwww-perl for his 6.0 release. However, again, he also included dependency links back to those modules, so CPAN would have installed it correctly. Plus, it was a logical namespace split, so PrereqsClean's "split protection" would have already safeguarded against any problems.
So, the odds of this causing any problems are very, very low.
Solution: Again, dzil release. Problem solved.
dzil release
If any of this is too scary for you, just set the removal_level to 0.
Other Dist::Zilla Prereq plugins: Prereqs, AutoPrereqs, LatestPrereqs, DarkPAN
The project homepage is https://github.com/SineSwiper/Dist-Zilla-PluginBundle-Prereqs.
The latest version of this module is available from the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN). Visit http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ to find a CPAN site near you, or see https://metacpan.org/module/Dist::Zilla::PluginBundle::Prereqs/.
Brendan Byrd <email@example.com>
This software is Copyright (c) 2014 by Brendan Byrd.
This is free software, licensed under:
The Artistic License 2.0 (GPL Compatible)
To install Dist::Zilla::PluginBundle::Prereqs, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm Dist::Zilla::PluginBundle::Prereqs
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell
install Dist::Zilla::PluginBundle::Prereqs
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.


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1. Jerry Lewis in France
Jerry Lewis used to be one of the biggest stars in America, until America got tired of him, stopped going to his movies, and only let him appear in public once a year to host a telethon for the Muscular Dystrophy Association. In fact, Lewis' appeal to American audiences soured to the point where his popularity in France has, for decades now, been used as a club used to assault French taste: If a country could love that guy who did the silly voices and the pratfalls, how can it be trusted to be right about anything? It's a bit more complicated than that, though. Lewis' best films—which combine a strong visual sense and a reckless approach to physical comedy—have stood the test of time nicely. (In short, Lewis deserves to be revered, though his toxic approach to public relations continually short-circuits attempts to rehab his reputation.) As for Lewis' appeal in France, it's real, though overstated. In 1999, Cecil Adams devoted a Straight Dope column responding to a French reader who didn't understand why Americans asked him about Jerry Lewis all the time. Adams responded that his reader was a bit too young to remember when Lewis, riding a wave of highbrow French appreciation in the mid-'60s that led to a revival of his previous films, made a triumphant visit to the country. Those warm feelings persisted into the '80s, when Lewis received both the Order Of Arts And Letters, a cultural honor, and the Legion Of Honor, for his charity work with the MDA. And for his 80th birthday in 2006, France tacked a promotion onto that honor by making Lewis a commandeur in the Legion Of Honor. In his acceptance speech, Lewis offered his own theory about his popularity: "Even if the French people cannot hear my language, they have always heard my heart."
2. Donald Duck in Scandinavia
As one of the faces on Disney's Mt. Rushmore, Donald Duck isn't exactly unknown in the U.S., but he'll always play second banana to Mickey on these shores. But in Scandinavia, Donald is king: He's graced postage stamps in Finland and served as a perpetual write-in candidate in elections in Finland and Sweden, where he's allegedly the country's ninth-most-popular political party. Whether he's Aku Ankka in Finland or Kalle Anka in Sweden, Donald's been a weekly comics mainstay for more than six decades (Kalle Anka & C:o is Sweden's best-selling comic magazine of all time) and remains a Christmastime tradition, with nearly half of all Swedes tuning in each year to Kalle Anka Och Hans Vänner Onskar God Jul (Donald Duck And His Friends Wish You A Merry Christmas). Donald's popularity extends to the rest of Europe as well, especially Germany, where he's evolved into a slightly deeper figure than the easily enraged goofball Americans know: According to The Wall Street Journal, which calls him "the Jerry Lewis of Germany," the Donald Germans know "quotes from German literature, speaks in grammatically complex sentences, and is prone to philosophical musings." Not bad for a duck who doesn't wear pants—which, contrary to popular rumor, did not get Donald banned in Finland.
3. Top Cat in Mexico
Hanna-Barbera's Top Cat didn't enjoy a particularly long life in the United States, running in prime time from September 1961 to April 1962 for a total of 30 episodes on ABC. In Latin America, though, those same 30 episodes of Top Cat are huge, possessing popularity on par with The Flintstones. In Mexico, Don Gato Y Su Pandilla (Top Cat And His Gang) even inspired a 2011 3-D movie of the same name that became one of the most successful Mexican films ever, breaking the record for biggest opening weekend ever with a gross of nearly $3.2 million.
4. ALF in Germany
Like plenty of American pop culture, NBC's science-fiction sitcom ALF became incredibly, inexplicably popular when it began airing in Germany. Its popularity reportedly resulted in signs posted around the German city of Alf being repeatedly stolen, resulting in the mayor autographing and selling prefab copies. Tommi Piper, who dubbed ALF's voice for German broadcasts, even had a minor hit in 1989 with the pop single "Hallo ALF Hier Ist Rhonda" ("Hello ALF, This Is Rhonda"), which has Piper singing as ALF to his love interest.
5. Cheap Trick in Japan
Cheap Trick made three classic albums one after the other in 1977 and 1978—Cheap Trick, In Color, and Heaven Tonight—but America shrugged at the finest power-pop group Rockford, Illinois ever produced. Not so Japan, where each album proved a little more popular than the last, and the band built a steady following that turned into a fervent following by the time it toured the country behind Heaven Tonight. To understand the extent of the appeal, look no further than the 1978 live album Cheap Trick At Budokan, recorded at the Tokyo concert arena Nippon Budokan. Appreciative screams become another instrument in the songs, and rise in pitch whenever the band talks to the audience, whether it's singer Robin Zander introducing "Surrender" ("This next one is the first song on our newwww album…") or, on the uncut version of the concert released as The Complete Concert in 1998, guitarist Rick Nielsen praising a local product. ("The first thing I did when I got to Japan was buy a Japanese guitar.") First released as a 10-track album strictly for the Japanese market, At Budokan became a popular import, and soon made Cheap Trick a star in its native land. Maybe not Japan-big, but pretty big.
6. Bill Hicks in the UK
Although the Texas-bred Bill Hicks styled himself like a consummate vision of outlaw Americana—a chain-smoking, black-clad nexus of Lenny Bruce and Johnny Cash—he became the toast of Britain well before his home country caught on. By 1991, Hicks had already toured the U.S. club circuit for years, appeared on several TV specials, and released his first album, but he didn't truly become the revered cult figure he is now until an appearance at Montreal's Just For Laughs Festival made him a UK sensation. It certainly helped that Hicks "debuted" overseas having already honed his act, as did the fact that his specials, particularly the London-taped Revelations, aired repeatedly on British TV in their uncensored entirety, rather than in the bite-sized, sanitized form necessitated by U.S. talk shows. Hicks himself credited his UK popularity to the country's eagerness to laugh at America, and cynically praised the UK's more sophisticated sense of irony. Whatever the reason (and certainly it was a combination of all those factors), being bigger overseas allowed Hicks to think of himself as something of an expatriate, and you can't get much more "outlaw" than that.
7. Lionel Richie in Iraq
As Operation Iraqi Freedom turned from triumph to quagmire in the mid-'00s, the daily reports of sectarian violence and political instability in the country naturally led some news outlets to seek out a few lighter-side-of-the-news stories. So in May 2006, ABC News picked up on the curious fact that erstwhile R&B superstar Lionel Richie was second only to bombs as America's hottest export in Iraq. ABC's John Berman reported that many Iraqis who couldn't speak a word of English knew the lyrics to Richie's songs, and Richie was told that "All Night Long" could be heard as tanks rolled into the country in 2003. Richie himself didn't have an answer for his popularity, outside of his extensive touring in the Middle East, but in an interview with The Guardian, he mused about the power of his songs to bring people together: "The Sunnis and the Shi'ites can't agree on anything, but they're all getting married and partying to my songs." If the Iraqi people need a statue to replace Saddam Hussein's in Firdos Square, a blind student has already taken care of the head.
8. Rodriguez in South Africa
Enigmatic Detroit protest singer Rodriguez released two albums of trippy folk, soul, and blues in the early '70s—1970's Cold Fact and 1971's Coming From Reality—that flopped so spectacularly, the artist disappeared from the American music scene amid rumors he'd killed himself onstage or died of a drug overdose. But while Rodriguez's career never took off in his home country, it flourished unexpectedly on the black market in South Africa, where his music became the soundtrack to the anti-Apartheid movement and inspired generations of rebels. The crowd-pleasing forthcoming documentary Searching For Sugar Man, which wowed audiences at Sundance, tells the story of Rodriguez's remarkable fall and rise as he's rediscovered, very much alive, by some of his most devoted South African fans, and travels to the country for the first time to play stadiums.
9. Who's The Boss? in Germany and the UK
Who's The Boss? was a popular sitcom in the United States, landing in the Nielsen top 10 for half of its run and running a respectable eight seasons. Yet the show came at a time when most of the best sitcoms on the air were workplace shows, and though it had strongly drawn characters, it also had Tony Danza as a lead, a poor starting point for any show. Oddly enough, the series became enough of a sensation in other countries that the show's distributor took the then-unusual step of allowing foreign remakes of the program. The show was particularly popular in the United Kingdom, where it led to the long-running remake The Upper Hand, which ran for seven seasons and 95 episodes (very long by UK standards) and brought in original series star Katherine Helmond for a guest spot. And in Germany, the whimsically titled Wer Ist Hier Der Boss? was so unexpectedly popular that 15 early episodes were remade in German, though they didn't live up to dubbed reruns of the original.
10. Josephine Baker in France
A dancer on Broadway and a nightclub entertainer during the Harlem Renaissance, The St. Louis-born Josephine Baker lives on as an enduring symbol of the Jazz Age—in Paris. She first performed there in 1925 at the Theatre Des Champs-Elysees, and like many celebrated black jazz musicians, was immediately won over by the acclaim and freedom from overt racial discrimination that she'd never experienced in America. In fact, she liked Paris so much, she never wanted to leave. She starred in French movies, headlined her own shows, and was celebrated by European fans who delighted in her talent and charisma, not to mention her nude dancing and pet cheetah. Her support of the French Resistance during World War II earned her official honors and cemented her legend as a heroic figure. But in America, she was mostly reviled as an opportunist who had disgraced herself by turning her back on her native land. It was only toward the end of her life that she began to earn a measure of respect here, after lending her support to the American civil-rights movement and appearing with Martin Luther King, Jr. at the 1963 march on Washington.
11. AM Gold in the Philippines
It's well-documented that many Asian countries have a soft spot for soft rock from the West, and the inhabitants of the Philippines in particular like to fire up their lighters for big pop songs from this side of the world. Journey is probably the biggest and best example of this crossover, with the Bay Area band passing the mic once held by Steve Perry over to a Filipino named Arnel Pineda, who against all odds has been accepted with open arms by the band's fans. The pair of Australians in Air Supply (who actually reside in America now) also remain marquee names in Manila, but perhaps the two most notable where-are-they-now?-oh-maybe-you-should-check-the-Philippines acts from the U.S. are Christopher Cross and Dennis Lambert. The former, known for such squeezably soft yacht-rock classics as "Sailing," "Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)," and "Ride Like The Wind," can't get arrested in his homeland, but still receives significant Filipino airplay. The latter, meanwhile, has the unofficial Valentine's Day theme of the Philippines—"Of All The Things" from Lambert's one and only solo album, 1972's Bags And Things—and nobody on these shores has any idea who the hell he is. Unless, of course, they've seen Of All The Things, the 2008 documentary directed by Lambert's son that examines the songwriter's improbable popularity in the Philippines and his return to the stage after he retired from music and become a Florida real-estate agent.
12. Paul Williams in the Philippines
Similarly, Stephen Kessler's new documentary, Paul Williams: Still Alive, proceeds from the director finding out that the once ubiquitous singer-songwriter is, indeed, still alive. Kessler then goes on to follow the "Rainbow Connection" tunesmith around on tour, including a jaunt into the Philippines, where Williams is apparently still a huge draw. In one of the film's more memorable sequences, Kessler slow-burns his way through an anxiety attack as he and the rest of Williams' entourage tag along on a bus ride through a Filipino jungle apparently teeming with al-Qaida militants. For his part, Williams seems totally game to bask in the appreciation, even if it means travelling half a world away.
13. Samuel Fuller in Europe
"Film is like a battleground. Love. Hate. Action. Violence. Death. In one word—emotion." The definitive statement of Samuel Fuller's ethos comes not from his autobiography, A Third Face, but from his cameo appearance in Jean-Luc Godard's Pierrot Le Fou, a tribute orchestrated by the onetime critic who dubbed Fuller the master of "cinema-fist." By 1965, just after his twin masterpieces Shock Corridor and The Naked Kiss, Fuller's career in the U.S. was almost over; he returned only for The Big Red One, which was gutted before its initial release, and White Dog, an anti-racist allegory whose "anti-" aspect was missed by contemporary viewers. But in Europe, Fuller was critically lionized, and more importantly, funded, allowing two more films: Thieves After Dark and Street Of No Return. A World War II veteran, Fuller saw his homeland's hypocrisies as well as its greatness: The scene of a black mental patient shouting Ku Klux Klan slogans in Shock Corridor is a bracing attack on the country's racist madness. That might not have made him popular at home, but it endeared him to foreign cinephiles who saw him as a true-blooded American.
14. Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton in Africa
As country stars, wig models, and chicken roasters, Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton are pretty big—insert bra-size joke here—in America. Among some country naysayers, though, they don't garner much respect, for whatever reason. Luckily, in parts of Africa, Rogers and Parton are musical gods. For whatever reason, the countrypolitan stars of the '70s and '80s do especially well in countries like Kenya and Nigeria, where singers like Crystal Gayle and Don Williams are revered for their "sentimental music." There are a lot of theories as to why, but scholars think Rogers and Parton have particular appeal because of rags-to-riches ditties like "Coat Of Many Colors," which might be easy for the poorer citizens of African villages to identify with. Those types of ballads have even influenced popular African-produced songs, like Roger Whitaker's "My Land Is Kenya."
15. David Hasselhoff in Germany
The star of Baywatch and that unfortunate drunk-cheeseburger video has never really risen above camp status in his native land. This reputation is buttressed by his supposed mega-star status in Germany, where his single "Looking For Freedom" held the No. 1 position for eight weeks in 1989 and is inextricably linked, for better or worse, with the fall of the Berlin Wall—not to mention light-up leather jackets and piano scarves. But while Americans seem to never tire of the ol' Germans Love Hasselhoff joke, which has become a go-to trope in various media, the Hoff's 1989 star-power has considerably cooled over the last 20-plus years in Deutschland, where he's now mostly a nostalgic figure—as evidenced by a spotty comeback tour there in 2011.
16. Rich Hall in the UK
Comedian Rich Hall spent the '80s bouncing from one notable gig to the next, starting as a writer/performer on ABC's Fridays from 1980-1982, then moving over to HBO's Not Necessarily The News in 1983 until the faux news magazine folded in 1990. But in spite of walking away from the latter experience with a lifetime's supply of Sniglets, Hall struggled to find further success in the States. His profile in the UK, however, is substantially higher, with appearances on panel quizzes like QI and Never Mind The Buzzcocks helping earn the comedian a series of BBC programs, including Rich Hall's Fishing Show and Rich Hall's Cattle Drive. In addition, Hall's stand-up has earned considerable acclaim, in no small part due to a character called Otis Lee Crenshaw, a singer-songwriter who falls somewhere between David Allan Coe and Tom Waits. In his guise as Crenshaw, Hall has recorded several albums, released a concert movie, and, perhaps most notably, was the recipient of the Perrier Comedy Award at the Edinburgh Fringe arts festival in 2000.
17. Manowar in Germany
Germany has no shortage of its own mythically macho metal artists, but for some reason, it's embraced New York's Manowar as one of its own. Marauding onto the scene in the early '80s with cartoonish, borderline Wagnerian albums like Battle Hymns and Into Glory Ride, Manowar never fit into the glam-and-thrash of the decade's American metal scene. But in Deutschland, the group became stars, to the point where even its live DVDs consistently go gold there. Could the fact that Manowar's founding guitarist, Ross "The Boss" Friedman, also played in the proto-punk band The Dictators (sample song: "Master Race Rock") have anything to do with Germany's Manowar obsession? It might be best not to ask.
18. The Runaways in Japan
Manufactured girl-group The Runaways was a little ahead of its time in terms of both the eventual mainstreaming of punk and the potential star power of two of its teenage members: Lita Ford and Joan Jett. During its brief existence in the late '70s, the band fought in vain to find a wide audience and chart success in its native America. In Japan, though, things were different. Hailed there with a frenzy of Beatles-worthy mania, The Runaways were at one point Japan's fourth-biggest musical import, behind ABBA, KISS, and Led Zeppelin. Accordingly, the group's 1977 concert album, Live In Japan, was recorded in Tokyo. The screams speak for themselves.
19. Fun Lovin' Criminals in the UK
Founded in New York City in the early '90s, Fun Lovin' Criminals all but fell into a record deal with EMI, but the group's debut album, 1996's Come Find Yourself, earned the Criminals instant recognition via its hit single, "Scooby Snacks." Although the song remains FLC's lone chart success in the States, where it reached No. 14 on the Billboard Modern Rock chart, the UK embraced the group, which landed its next seven singles in the Top 30. Similarly, whereas only Come Find Yourself broke the album charts here (and only at No. 144), the band's first three albums all made it into the UK Top 10, and its most recent two releases, 2005's Livin' In The City and 2010's Classic Fantastic, are available only as imports in America. Although Fun Lovin' Criminals' success has cooled somewhat since its heyday, the band continues to tour Europe on a regular basis, with frontman Huey Morgan also carving a side career for himself as a radio host and occasional chat-show guest.
20. Twin Peaks: Fire Walk With Me in Japan and the UK
David Lynch and Mark Frost's experimental TV series Twin Peaks enjoyed phenomenal success in America as an eight-episode midseason "event," only to crash and burn during its second and final season. Fourteen months after the series finale, Lynch's feature-film prequel about the events leading up to the murder of Laura Palmer was all but booed off the screen at the Cannes Film Festival, and when the movie opened in U.S. theaters during the dog days of August, it was treated as a cultural non-event and a critical and commercial disaster. However, the Twin Peaks cultists of Japan never lost the faith, and the movie was enough of a blockbuster there to make up for the losses here, where the total box-office receipts didn't cover half the movie's $10 million budget. Meanwhile, reviewers in England got a head start on the inevitable re-evaluating of the film, with many prominent British critics calling it a masterpiece released into the punishing gears of international backlash.
21. House music in Europe
House music got its start in Chicago in the early '80s, making it an all-American phenomenon. In spite of occasional efforts to brand it as the next big thing and the rare crossover hit, house and its various offshoots remained strictly underground for years in the States. Not so in the UK, where house quickly caught on and emerged as a mainstream genre. Following Britain's infamous Summer Of Love in '88, house (and its Detroit-born cousin, techno) did become the next big thing, sparking rock-rave crossovers (the Madchester scene), pop hits (22 Top 40 hits in 1991, including 10 Top 10s), one of Radio 1's most enduringly popular shows (Pete Tong's weekly Essential Mix), and even a nationwide law designed to crack down on the dance parties. House music has finally, in recent years, become mainstream in its country of origin as the backbone of innumerable Hot 100 hits, but even to this day, it's still nowhere near as much a part of the larger culture as it became in the UK.
22. Gossip Girl in China
The superficiality, greed, and glamorization of wealth on The CW's Gossip Girl seemingly represent all the worst aspects of capitalism—which is why China loves it. After all, to Chinese students ruled by societal expectation and forced modesty, there's apparently something attractive in the adventures of a bunch of preening, manipulative New York high-school students who spend all of their time attending fabulous parties and exchanging sophisticated barbs over afternoon cocktails. The show has become an object of fascination in Asia, inspiring comics and myriad online forums devoted to picking it apart and gazing in awe at its opulence. For the class-obsessed China—particularly wealthy young women who take brands and fashion perhaps even more seriously than their American counterparts—Gossip Girl is seen as some sort of didactic lesson on success, rather than the frothy fever dream it is to most U.S. audiences. Its popularity is so great, in fact, that even the incredibly restrictive, government-run Chinese TV is currently preparing a homegrown version of Gossip Girl—one that will likely be slightly less risqué, yet still have all the fetishization of wealth and social status.
23. Dark Skies in Europe
The X-Files was a huge hit domestically, but it was also a giant success for 20th Century Fox internationally. Sales of the program became a substantial source of revenue for the studio's television production arm, in a time when international television sales were really beginning to heat up. The series inspired numerous copycats, as all TV hits throughout history have, yet where the American audience mostly rejected these shows, many gained larger audiences overseas. Such was the case with the short-lived 1996 series Dark Skies, a one-season show that purported to tell a secret history of events on Earth since the 1960s. In the show, an alien race known as the Hive prepare an invasion to coincide with the millennium, slowly taking over more and more honest human beings. The series was schlocky, but it had a way with a plot twist, and it was apparently popular enough in Europe that producers floated the idea of reviving it for another season or a series of TV movies before finding no one was interested domestically. All those European fans are probably still wondering how series star Eric Close got off that spaceship.
24. Gloria Jones in the UK
Partly because of her relationship and collaborations with T. Rex's Marc Bolan—and partly because her signature song, 1965's "Tainted Love," was a massive Northern Soul hit in England in the '70s—American R&B singer Gloria Jones has long been huger in the UK than in the States. Then again, many of her fellow Northern Soul acts such as The Flirtations and Geno Washington shared a similar lopsided fame, releasing singles that packed dance floors across England while barely scraping the Billboard charts in their own country. It's ironic that when the English synth-pop band Soft Cell released its famous version of "Tainted Love" in 1981, British audiences recognized it as a cover of an American artist, but Americans didn't.
25. Albert Ayler in Europe
Free jazz's biggest name, Ornette Coleman, was able to secure and retain notoriety in the U.S. throughout the '60s, but Albert Ayler had less luck. Far more extreme in his approach to improvisation and flights of discordant fancy, Ayler left the States in the early part of the decade. He was embraced in Sweden and wound up moving back and forth across the Atlantic often before his untimely death in 1970. And while he was able to secure the patronage of the eminent jazz imprint Impulse for a short while—thanks mostly to a recommendation from the label's leading light, John Coltrane—Ayler's simultaneously abrasive and spiritual style was destined to be more warmly received in places like Sweden, Denmark, and France—as was most of free jazz's more exploratory wing.
26. The Big Bang Theory in Canada
If you consider the Great Lakes a "sea" (and we do), then the popularity of The Big Bang Theory in Canada is worth considering in this Inventory. Chuck Lorre's nerd-centric sitcom is plenty popular in the U.S., with dependably high ratings and prominent syndication, but it's insanely popular north of the border. When the show's fourth season premièred in Canada, it drew an estimated 3.1 million viewers, the largest audience for a sitcom since the Friends finale in 2004. Bus ads and billboards now drape Canadian metropolises (i.e. Toronto) touting it as the No. 1 show in Canada. Our theory? Canadians relate to these maladjusted weirdoes, because Canada is basically the dweeby Big Bang Theory to America's thick-necked According To Jim.
27. Gossip in Europe and the UK
Pacific Northwest soul-punk-turned-dance-rock trio Gossip has always been a powerhouse live band led by singer Beth Ditto, and the group has built up a respectable Stateside following. But it's nothing compared to the attention the band commands overseas. Things really began to take off with 2006's Standing In The Way Of Control, whose title track was strongly associated with Skins and has been given all kinds of props by NME, including being named the 34th best song over the previous 15 years. The list of foreign accomplishments doesn't end there: Gossip has enjoyed prime spots at music festivals like Glastonbury; its 2009 single "Heavy Cross" broke records on the German charts and soundtracked a Christian Dior commercial featuring lots of famous people; the group just played the Cannes Film Festival, where Ditto could be seen grinding with Sacha Baron Cohen's Admiral General Aladeen character; and the band's most recent album, A Joyful Noise, landed in the Top 10 in Switzerland, Germany, France, Austria, and Belgium. By comparison, it peaked in the U.S. at 100 on the Billboard 200.
28. Scott Walker/The Walker Brothers in the UK
Formed in Los Angeles, The Walker Brothers—the showbiz moniker of the unrelated Scott Engel and John Walker—enjoyed some of the usual modest success of early-'60s rock groups, drawing decent crowds on the Sunset Strip and signing with Mercury Records to release a single. But it wasn't until former Standells drummer Gary Leeds convinced them to give the UK a shot that things truly began to happen for them. The London mod scene was at its apex when the group arrived, and the country immediately warmed to the Walkers' dapper, soulful mix of R&B—which cut even deeper in Engel's resonant baritone—and Phil Spector-esque, resplendent orchestral arrangements, sending songs like "The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore" to the top of the charts in a parallel to The Beatles' British invasion back home. Though the Brothers' popularity was short-lived, Scott Engel also went on to have great UK success as Scott Walker, his newfound worldliness mirrored in his stylistic drift from darkly baroque Jacques Brel ballads to mournful country to avant-garde rock. Walker officially became a UK citizen in 1970, having found himself by getting lost in a faraway place.
29. Pan Am in Europe
Part of a weird network movement to create a version of Mad Men that would be palatable to a mass audience, Pan Am, a series about stewardesses on the titular airline in the 1960s, debuted huge before mostly sinking without a trace, though ABC aired every episode, hoping against hope that it could find an audience for the expensive series. The series' studio, Sony Pictures Television, did find an audience for the show. It was just in Europe, where Pan Am performed incredibly well and won the Best Series award at the prestigious Rose d'Or festival in Switzerland. (The only other American series that's won a prize? The short-lived reality show I Survived A Japanese Game Show.) For a time, the Hollywood rumor mill suggested Sony might sell the show into a second season through Amazon, which doesn't need to worry about domestic ratings to turn a profit, but those rumors seem to have died down. At the very least, it suggests continental Europe has been watching a very different "Golden Age of TV" from the rest of us.


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- Head Of State And Government:
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South Korea, country in East Asia. It occupies the southern portion of the Korean peninsula. The country is bordered by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) to the north, the East Sea (Sea of Japan) to the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west; to the southeast it is separated from the Japanese island of Tsushima by the Korea Strait. South Korea makes up about 45 percent of the peninsula's land area. The capital is Seoul (Sŏul).
South Korea faces North Korea across a demilitarized zone (DMZ) 2.5 miles (4 km) wide that was established by the terms of the 1953 armistice that ended fighting in the Korean War (1950–53). The DMZ, which runs for about 150 miles (240 km), constitutes the 1953 military cease-fire line and roughly follows latitude 38° N (the 38th parallel) from the mouth of the Han River on the west coast of the Korean peninsula to a little south of the North Korean town of Kosŏng on the east coast.
Geologically, South Korea consists in large part of Precambrian rocks (i.e., more than about 540 million years old) such as granite and gneiss. The country is largely mountainous, with small valleys and narrow coastal plains. The T'aebaek Mountains run in roughly a north-south direction along the eastern coastline and northward into North Korea, forming the country's drainage divide. From them several mountain ranges branch off with a northeast-southwest orientation. The most important of these are the Sobaek Mountains, which undulate in a long S-shape across the peninsula. None of South Korea's mountains are very high: the T'aebaek Mountains reach an elevation of 5,604 feet (1,708 metres) at Mount Sŏrak in the northeast, and the Sobaek Mountains reach 6,283 feet (1,915 metres) at Mount Chiri. The highest peak in South Korea, the extinct volcano Mount Halla on Cheju Island, is 6,398 feet (1,950 metres) above sea level.
South Korea has two volcanic islands—Cheju (Jeju), off the peninsula's southern tip, and Ullŭng, about 85 miles (140 km) east of the mainland in the East Sea—and a small-scale lava plateau in Kangwŏn province. In addition, South Korea claims and occupies a group of rocky islets—known variously as Liancourt Rocks, Tok (Dok) Islands (Korean), and Take Islands (Japanese)—some 55 miles (85 km) southeast of Ullŭng Island; these islets also have been claimed by Japan.
There are fairly extensive lowlands along the lower parts of the country's main rivers. The eastern coastline is relatively straight, whereas the western and southern have extremely complicated ria (i.e., creek-indented) coastlines with many islands. The shallow Yellow Sea and the complex Korean coastline produce one of the most pronounced tidal variations in the world—about 30 feet (9 metres) maximum at Inch'ŏn (Incheon), the entry port for Seoul.
South Korea's three principal rivers, the Han, Kŭm, and Naktong, all have their sources in the T'aebaek Mountains, and they flow between the ranges before entering their lowland plains. Nearly all the country's rivers flow westward or southward into either the Yellow Sea or the East China Sea; only a few short, swift rivers drain eastward from the T'aebaek Mountains. The Naktong River, South Korea's longest, runs southward for 325 miles (523 km) to the Korea Strait. Streamflow is highly variable, being greatest during the wet summer months and considerably less in the relatively dry winter.
Most of South Korea's soils derive from granite and gneiss. Sandy and brown-coloured soils are common, and they are generally well-leached and have little humus content. Podzolic soils (ash-gray forest soils), resulting from the cold of the long winter season, are found in the highlands.
The greatest influence on the climate of the Korean peninsula is its proximity to the main Asian landmass. This produces the marked summer-winter temperature extremes of a continental climate while also establishing the northeast Asian monsoons (seasonal winds) that affect precipitation patterns. The annual range of temperature is greater in the north and in interior regions of the peninsula than in the south and along the coast, reflecting the relative decline in continental influences in the latter areas.
South Korea's climate is characterized by a cold, relatively dry winter and a hot, humid summer. The coldest average monthly temperatures in winter drop below freezing except along the southern coast. The average January temperature at Seoul is in the low 20s °F (about −5 °C), while the corresponding average at Pusan (Busan), on the southeast coast, is in the mid-30s °F (about 2 °C). By contrast, summer temperatures are relatively uniform across the country, the average monthly temperature for August (the warmest month) being in the high 70s °F (about 25 °C).
Annual precipitation ranges from about 35 to 60 inches (900 to 1,500 mm) on the mainland. Taegu, on the east coast, is the driest area, while the southern coast is the wettest; southern Cheju Island receives more than 70 inches (1,800 mm) annually. Up to three-fifths of the annual precipitation is received in June–August, during the summer monsoon, the annual distribution being more even in the extreme south. Occasionally, late-summer typhoons (tropical cyclones) cause heavy showers and storms along the southern coast. Precipitation in winter falls mainly as snow, with the heaviest amounts occurring in the T'aebaek Mountains. The frost-free season ranges from 170 days in the northern highlands to more than 240 days on Cheju Island.


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Tell what you have learned so far about primroses. What would you see if you could look inside the seed of a primrose? Today we will talk about germination, or what happens when seeds sprout. (Examine one of the diagrams at that link.)
When a seed falls into the ground, so long as the earth is cold and dry, it lies like a person in a trance, as if it were dead; but as soon as the warm, damp spring comes, and the busy little sun-waves pierce down into the earth, they wake up the plantlet and make it bestir itself. They agitate to and fro the particles of matter in this tiny body, and cause them to seek out for other particles to seize and join to themselves.Narration to follow here.
But these new particles cannot come in at the roots, for the seed has none; nor through the leaves, for they have not yet grown up; and so the plantlet begins by helping itself to the store of food laid up in the thick seed-leaves in which it is buried. Here it finds starch, oils, sugar, and substances called albuminoids. My note: This matter is a protein that is fibrous and insoluble in water, serving a protective or supportive function in the body; in other words, as well as being food for the new plant, it's also the stuff that holds the seed together, that gives it its shape.
This food is all ready for the plantlet to use, and it sucks it in, and works itself into a young plant with tiny roots at one end, and a growing shoot, with leaves, at the other.
Do you know what pith is? It often refers to the soft, spongy centre that you will find in some plant stems, such as young trees. Generally it just means soft, spongy tissue or plant material. When I was little, I remember being given an orange to eat and my parents telling me, "don't eat the pith." They meant the white stuff inside the peel and around each section of orange. By a strange coincidence, the next part of the lesson also requires an orange.
But how does it grow? What makes it become larger? To answer this you must look at the second thing I asked you to bring—a piece of orange. If you take the skin off a piece of orange, you will see inside a number of long-shaped transparent bags, full of juice. These we call cells, and the flesh of all plants and animals is made up of cells like these, only of various shapes. In the pith of elder (see photos) they are round, large, and easily seen; in the stalks of plants they are long, and lap over each other, so as to give the stalk strength to stand upright. Sometimes many cells growing one on the top of the other break into one tube and make vessels. But whether large or small, they are all bags growing one against the other. The cells of the seed are not empty; they are filled with something we call protoplasm, which is 90% water but which has a number of other important things in it as well.Narration to follow.
Now we are prepared to explain how our plant grows. Imagine the tiny primrose plantlet to be made up of cells filled with active living protoplasm, which drinks in starch and other food from the seed-leaves. In this way each cell will grow too full for its skin, and then the protoplasm divides into two parts and builds up a wall between them, and so one cell becomes two. Each of these two cells again breaks up into two more, and so the plant grows larger and larger, till by the time it has used up all the food in the seed-leaves, it has sent roots covered with fine hairs downwards into the earth, and a shoot with beginnings of leaves up into the air. Sometimes the seed-leaves themselves come above ground, as in the mustard-plant, and sometimes they are left empty behind, while the plantlet shoots through them.
How are your sprouting beans doing?
Something to think about: do you eat sunflower seeds or pumpkin seeds as a snack? Why does it make sense that they are high in protein?


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He's been dead for nearly 70 years, but Sigmund Freud's provocative theories are still a huge part of psychology, neuroscience, and culture — this despite the fact that many of his ideas were mindboggingly, catastrophically wrong. Here's why Freud just won't go away.
Love him or hate him, there's no denying that Sigmund Freud was a giant in his field. When it comes to his influence on psychology, psychoanalysis, and our theories of mind, he's often credited for kindling a revolution; with Freud, it's kind of a before-and-after thing.
Freud's Century
Indeed, the 20th century has often been called Freud's century. His books landed with the subtlety of hand grenades, featuring such seminal titles as The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901), and his Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1915-1916).
Freud's legacy has transcended science, with his ideas permeating deep into Western culture. Rarely does a day go by where we don't find ourselves uttering a term drawn from his work: Mommy and daddy issues. Arrested development. Death wishes. Freudian slips. Phallic symbols. Anal retentiveness. Defense mechanisms. Cathartic release. And on and on and on.
As psychologist and Freud critic John Kihlstrom himself admits, "More than Einstein or Watson and Crick, more than Hitler or Lenin, Roosevelt or Kennedy, more than Picasso, Eliot, or Stravinsky, more than the Beatles or Bob Dylan, Freud's influence on modern culture has been profound and long-lasting."
An Outdated Paradigm
But his legacy is a shaky one. Freud has, for the most part, fallen completely out of favor in academia. Virtually no institution in any discipline would dare use him as a credible source. In 1996, Psychological Science reached the conclusion that "[T]here is literally nothing to be said, scientifically or therapeutically, to the advantage of the entire Freudian system or any of its component dogmas." As a research paradigm, it's pretty much dead.
Many of Freud's methodologies, techniques, and conclusions have been put into question. Moreover, his theories have even proved damaging — and even dangerous — to certain segments of the population. His perspectives on female sexuality and homosexuality are reviled, causing many feminists to refer to him by a different kind of 'F' word. Some even argue that his name should be spelled "Fraud" and not Freud.
"Freud is truly in a class of his own," writes Todd Dufresne, an outspoken critic. "Arguably no other notable figure in history was so fantastically wrong about nearly every important thing he had to say. But, luckily for him, academics have been — and still are — infinitely creative in their efforts to whitewash his errors, even as lay readers grow increasingly dumbfounded by the entire mess."
Without a doubt, many of these criticisms and valid and totally justified. But a renewed look at his legacy shows that Freud's contribution is far from over — both in terms of his influence on culture and science.
Yes, even for a guy who died in 1939, his work is incredibly out of date. We've learned much about the human brain and the way our psychologies work since that time — but he got the ball rolling. Much of today's work is still predicated on many of his original insights. Some areas of inquiry have been refined and expanded, while others abandoned and dismissed altogether in favor of new theories. This is good. This is how science advances.
Before we take a look at where Freud was right, let's consider where he went wrong.
Freudian Fallacies
The primary trouble with Freud is that, while his ideas appear intriguing and even common sensical, there's very little empirical evidence to back them up. Modern psychology has produced very little to substantiate many of his claims.
For instance, there's no scientific evidence in support of the idea that boys lust after their mothers and hate their fathers. He was totally, utterly wrong about gender. And his notion of "penis envy" is now both laughable and tragic.
There's no proof of the id, ego, or superego. There's also no evidence to support the notion that human development proceeds through oral, anal, phallic, and genital stages. Nor that the interference, or arresting, of these stages leads to specific developmental manifestations.
For example, he theorized that homosexuality was a failure to reconcile the anal phase, or the Oedipal phase. Which is nonsense. He also argued that only "mature" women could orgasm from vaginal sex, and that women who could only climax via clitoral stimulation were somehow stunted, stuck at a latent phase. Again, nonsense.
Indeed, as feminist Lili Hsieh points out, he had some very strange ideas about gender and sexuality:
Much of the critique of psychoanalysis as phallocentric or heterosexist is tied to the unfortunate conflation of femininity and sexuality; therefore, it is important to review the slippage in Freud's theory between femininity as the repertoire of sexed life and that as the logical complementarity to the universal sexuality. Freud's view of femininity leans predominantly toward the latter, as he decides in his early theorization that there is only one kind of libido, i.e., the masculine one. By masculinity of the libido, Freud means mainly activity, hence he equates femininity with passivity.
Although boys are caught in the constant threat of castration, girls on the other hand are in this sense already castrated, and thus are faced with an irreparable damage — 'they feel seriously wronged … and fall victim to "envy for the penis"'...Freud suggests that for women there are two possible ways out of penis envy — besides the more strenuous ways such as neurosis or 'masculinity complex' — one of them is a 'capacity to carry on an intellectual profession'...the other is having a baby. Both are thus substitutes for the penis.
There's also no evidence that Freudian psychotherapy (including psychoanalysis and "free association") is any better than others, including Skinnerian behavioral therapy (which is diametrically opposed to Freudianism in terms of methodology), systematic desensitization, or assertiveness training.
The Unconscious Mind
Okay, sure, Freud's got some problems. But he also nailed a few things.
For example, Freud was startlingly correct in his assertion that we are not masters of our own mind. He showed that human experience, thought, and deeds are determined not by our conscious rationality, but by irrational forces outside our conscious awareness and control — forces that could be understood and controlled by an extensive therapeutic process he called psychoanalysis.
Freud didn't discover the unconscious mind, of course. That distinction goes to French psychiatrist Pierre Janet. Freud was also influenced by his professor Jean Martin Charcot, a famed neurologist who dabbled in hypnosis. But it was Freud who took the concept to the next level by breaking it down even further — and by applying it to psychotherapy and "free associating," where patients would openly talk about their feelings and experiences regardless of how irrelevant, absurd, or upsetting it sounded.
Today, very few would argue against the idea of the unconscious mind. Freud's claim for the central role of the unconscious mind in human actions was recently explored by experimental psychologists in a collection of essays called Frontiers of Consciousness.
For sure, we now know that the unconscious brain doesn't exist or function in the way that Freud suggested — but we know it does in fact exist. The brain performs a myriad number of tasks in the background, particularly in managing our autonomous bodily processes, the way it affects our conscious, cognitive functioning, and how we interpret our surroundings.
"He says human beings can keep no secrets," says Michael Roth, an expert on Freud. "They reveal their innermost selves with their clothes, with their twitches, with their unconscious mannerisms; that whatever we do, we're expressing things about ourselves, for people who have eyes to see and ears to hear. And I think that this is really the fundamental orientation of Freud."
The Mind Consists of Parts
Another astounding revelation offered by Freud is the idea that the brain can be compartmentalized. Brain function, both in terms of its biology and the emergent mind, can be broken down into individual parts. His take on this, of course, was incredibly primitive. Freud spoke of the ego, id, and superego — ideas we don't really accept any more.
But his larger idea has gone to influence such thinkers as the cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky, who talks about the society of mind, and philosopher of mind Daniel Dennett, who argues on behalf of the idea that there are multiple models of consciousness working in parallel.
Memories, Defense Mechanisms, and Dreams
Freud's take on memories continues to be interesting — particularly suppressed memories. We now know that memories are selective, and that they're constantly being rewritten each time they're recalled. People retain memories of events not as they happened, but rather in the way they are active when memories are being reformed.
And Freud's take on defense mechanisms still holds relevance. Few people, including psychologists, would deny that we all too regularly employ such defenses as denial, repression, projection, intellectualization, and rationalization. The same can be said for his ideas on transference and catharsis.
What's more, as regards Oedipal and Electra issues, few would deny that there's at least some modicum of truth to the idea that many of us carry so-called mommy and daddy issues. Human psychology is a very complex and fuzzy thing, and it's not always easy for science to definitively prove or compartmentalize something that just feels right.
And though we no longer subscribe to Freudian dream interpretation, some of our dreams are so blatantly driven by our conscious and subconscious desires and fears that it's obvious Freud was onto something. To deny this would be hallucinatory, ludicrous — and completely unfair to his legacy.
Context Matters
It's also important to keep some of his ideas in context.
Take his views on homosexuality, for example. Though many critics are loathe to admit it, he was actually very progressive for his time. Unlike most of his peers, Freud believed that homosexuality resulted from arrested development — but he refused to characterize it as an illness, and did not believe that it should be criminalized.
In a letter written to an American mother who asked him for advice about her son's homosexuality, Freud wrote:
Homosexuality is assuredly no advantage, but it is nothing to be ashamed of, no vice, no degradation, it cannot be classified as an illness; we consider it to be a variation of the sexual function produced by a certain arrest of sexual development. Many highly respectable individuals of ancient and modern times have been homosexuals, several of the greatest among them (Plato, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, etc.). It is a great injustice to persecute homosexuality as a crime, and cruelty too.
Tell Me About Your Mother
As for Freudian psychotherapy, it lives on — but barely. These days, only 1 in about 20,000 Americans still use it. But that's not to imply it doesn't work, or that it's not valued by those who depend on it. Elyn Saks, a law professor who suffers from schizophrenia, says that without it, her mental health would be seriously compromised.
It's also important to remember that we live in the age of Prozac; it's much easier to send a patient home with a bottle of pills than to talk things out.
Image: Ambrophoto/Shutterstock.
It's also important to remember that psychoanalysis is not about making patients normal, or even about curing them. Rather it's about revealing deeper insights into a person's psyche. Then, armed with that information, they can make desired changes. It's as the old adage says, "Know thyself."
Psychologist Drew Westen describes his experience with psychotherapy:
People do sometimes describe feelings or behaviors in therapy that conform remarkably to aspects of Freud's psychosexual theories (such as a patient of mine with erectile problems whose associations to a sexual encounter led to an image of having sex with his mother, followed by some unpleasant anal imagery). Nevertheless, psychotherapists who rely on theories derived from Freud do not typically spend their time lying in wait for phallic symbols. They pay attention to sexuality, because it is an important part of human life and intimate relationships and one that is often filled with conflict.
In summation, Westen says there are five broad areas in which the work of Sigmund Freud remains relevant to psychology: the existence of unconscious mental processes, the importance of conflict and ambivalence in behavior, the childhood origins of adult personality, mental representations as a mediator of social behavior, and stages of psychological development.
[Sources not cited: "Is Freud Still Alive? No, Not Really,"John Kihlstrom; "The Scientific Legacy of Sigmund Freud," Drew Westen; "Psychoanalysis Is Dead ... So How Does That Make You Feel?," Todd Dufresne; "Freud: He Wasn't All Wrong," Robert Matthews; Finding Out, Meem et al.]


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This has been David Wilson Week at the RSP blog. In case you missed it, here's the analysis I have done – and what is still slated – for the Va. Tech runner:
- Raw Skill in Action – Part I of series
- Low lights – Part II
- Flashes of Refined Play – Part III (today's post)
- Good Plays, but Alternatives Available – Part IV (Thursday's post)
What I have seen from Wilson this game are things that I've seen from him in other starts: He's a runner with tremendous athleticism and fundamental skills, but occasional bouts of immaturity when it comes to applying the tools of his trade. One could have said the same thing about LeSean McCoy or Jamaal Charles when they were prospects – I know I did.
If you agree that Wilson is a quality RB prospect and accept the fact that he has shortcomings to address before he becomes a consistent and productive NFL starter, then the question becomes "how long will his transition take?" I think one telling indicator is if a running back prospect flashes moments of NFL-caliber decision-making. Another is how often that back flashes these moments despite immature plays like the ones I profiled of Wilson in the previous post.
I'm going to examine runs in this and the next post that I believe are good indicators for NFL success. The analysis in this post is a list of plays where Wilson shows some refined decision-making and skill. The next post will profile successful runs that might have been even more successful with better vision. I use the word "might" because the alternate options I'll discuss are frequently riskier choices than the ones Wilson made. They are gray area decisions, but ones I've seen great runners make successfully.
Flashes of Refined Play
Wilson's 11-yard gain on 1st and 10 with 9:38 in the third quarter was a display of good interior running skills for a back known to bounce plays outside. The play begins from an 11-personnel, 1×2 receiver, shotgun set against a 4-3 defense. Wilson flanks the quarterback to the twin receiver weak side of the formation and the play design is a run to left end with both guards pulling.
Wilson follows his LG to the corner and does a good job of setting up his blocks. First, he gets close to the inside hip of the pulling lineman to avoid the pursuit from the defenders getting quick penetration into the backfield.
Next, Wilson presses the outside by veering towards the guard's outside hip. This draws the CB to the sideline.
At this point Wilson dips side the guard and lowers his shoulder through the MLB, knocking the defender to the ground as he runs up the sideline for another seven yards. Note that Wilson is conscientious about carrying the ball under his sideline arm and this future marquee moment in the Va. Tech film room is an additional reason why this practice is encouraged.
The pad level and use of his inside arm to deliver a blow to finish the initial collision with the shoulder was physical in the way that Walter Payton or Adrian Peterson got physical with defenders in space near the boundary.
This is the type of run Wilson will need to execute frequently in the NFL. Not the exact play, but the kind where he'll need to balance decisiveness and speed with patience and guile and then finishing strong for extra yardage.
In contrast to the the run that I analyzed yesterday where Wilson lost 22 yards, the RB also displayed decision-making that NFL teams expect from a future starter. An example is a four-yard gain on the very next play after the one I just analyzed: a 1st and 10 with 9:17 in the third quarter. Wilson begins the play in an 11-personnel, 1×2 receiver set against a 4-3 defense with the WLB in the slot.
Wilson runs behind the left side of the line collapsing the defense. First there's the LG-C double-team of the LDT to the inside and then LT knocking the LDE to the ground and moving inside on the LB at the next level.Wilson follows the play as designed despite the absence of a large crease. As he reached the line of scrimmage you can see him prepare split both linebackers with good pad level to take whatever he can get.
Then note the power of his legs combined with good pad level to split the SLB and MLB for another yard or two, nearly busting loose from both defenders in this series of frames.
It's a good, physical, and technically sound run that takes what the defense gives to keep the chains moving – simple, but effective.
Wilson's final carry of the third quarter was only a one-yard gain, but he resisted the temptation to exacerbate the situation. The play happens on 1st and 10 with 1:10 left from an 11-personnel, 2×1 receiver pistol set. Wilson motions from wide receiver to the backfield and flanks the QB's strong side. This transforms the 11-personnel to a 21-personnel, 1×1 receiver pistol set. The play design is a run to right end.
Once Wilson takes the exchange behind his wing TE with the LG pulling to right end, the RDE gets penetration into the backfield unchecked.
This unblocked penetration forces Wilson to cut back to the numbers just as he reaches the flat.
He cut back into the backside pursuit and was dragged down by the LB at the ankles just as he reached the line of scrimmage, extending his body for one yard.
It was a good decision by Wilson in a bad situation and a good indication that he can accept when the defense has limited his options and he must max out what's directly in front of him. Or, at least he's learning on the job.
What I think fans sometimes don't realize about evaluating running backs is that its often the boring or unsuccessful plays that speak louder about a prospect than the gaudy plays on YouTube highlight reels scored with the latest Hip-Hop track.
Tomorrow: I'm examining other successful runs from Wilson in this game, but these plays also appeared to be attempts where Wilson might have left yardage on the field. I'll let you decide.
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