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Petrus Paulus Vergerius: The New Education (c. 1400)
P. P. Vergerius the Elder (1370-1444) was a teacher at Florence,
Bologna, and Padua. He was present at the Council of Constance,
and later worked for the Emperor Sigismund.
Soon after 1400, he wrote the first important Renaissance treatise
on education for Ubertino, the son of Francesco Carrara, lord
of Padua. Printed here, it represented a sort of humanist program.
It does discuss the medieval trivium and quadrivium,
along with the traditional disciplines of medicine, law and theology.
But the stress is on the newer "liberal studies," of
history, moral philosophy, rhetoric, and literature.
We call those studies liberal which are worthy of a free man;
those studies by which we attain and practice virtue and wisdom;
that education which calls forth, trains and develops those highest
gifts of body and of mind which ennoble men, and which are rightly
judged to rank next in dignity to virtue only. For to a vulgar
temper gain and pleasure are the one aim of existence, to a lofty
nature, moral worth and fame. It is, then, of the highest importance
that even from infancy this aim, this effort, should constantly
be kept alive in growing minds. For I may affirm with fullest
conviction that we shall not have attained wisdom in our later
years unless in our earliest we have sincerely entered on its
search. Nor may we for a moment admit, with the unthinking crowd,
that those who give early promise fail in subsequent fulfillment.
This may, partly from physical causes, happen in exceptional
cases. But there is no doubt that nature has endowed some children
with so keen, so ready an intelligence, that without serious effort
they attain to a notable power of reasoning and conversing upon
grave and lofty subjects, and by aid of right guidance and sound
learning reach in manhood the highest distinction. On the other
hand, children of modest powers demand even more attention, that
their natural defects may be supplied by art. But all alike must
in those early years,
Dum faciles animi iuvenum, dum mobilis aetas
whilst the mind is supple, be inured to the toil and effort of
learning. Not that education, in the broad sense, is exclusively
the concern of youth. Did not Cato think it honorable to learn
Greek in later life? Did not Socrates, greatest of philosophers,
compel his aged fingers to the lute?
Our youth of to-day, it is to be feared, is backward to learn;
studies arc accounted irksome. Boys hardly weaned begin to claim
their own way, at a time when every art should be employed to
bring them under control and attract them to grave studies. The
Master must judge how far he can rely upon emulation, rewards,
encouragement; bow far be must have recourse to sterner measures.
Too much leniency is objectionable; so also is too great severity,
for we must avoid all that terrifies a boy. In certain temperaments-those
in which a dark complexion denotes a quiet but strong personality-restraint
must be cautiously applied. Boys of this type are mostly highly
gifted and can bear a gentle hand. Not seldom it happens that
a finely tempered nature is thwarted by circumstances, such as
poverty at home, which compels a promising youth to forsake learning
for trade: though, on the other hand, poverty is less dangerous
to lofty instincts than great wealth. Or again, parents encourage
their sons to follow a career traditional in their family, which
may divert them from liberal studies: and the customary pursuits
of the city in which we dwell exercise a decided influence on
our choice. So that we may say that a perfectly unbiased decision
in these matters is seldom possible, except to certain select
natures, who by favor of the gods, as the poets have it, are unconsciously
brought to choose the right path in life. The myth of Hercules,
who, in the solitude of his wanderings, learned to accept the
strenuous life and to reject the way of self-indulgence, and so
attain the highest, is the significant setting of this profound
truth. For us it is the best that can befall, that either the
circumstances of our life, or the guidance and exhortations of
those in charge of us, should mould our natures whilst they are
still plastic.
In your own case, Ubertinus, you had before you the choice of
training in Arms or in Letters. Either holds a place of distinction
amongst the pursuits which appeal to men of noble spirit; either
leads to fame and honor in the world. It would have been natural
that you, the scion of a House ennobled by its prowess in arms,
should have been content to accept your father's permission to
devote yourself wholly to that discipline. But to your great
credit you elected to become proficient in both alike: to add
to the career of arms traditional in your family, an equal success
in that other great discipline of mind and character, the study
of Literature.
There was courage in your choice. For we cannot deny that there
is still a horde-as I must call them-of people who, like Licinius
the Emperor [Roman Emperor, ruled 81-96 CE], denounce learning
and the Arts as a danger to the State and hateful in themselves.
In reality the very opposite is the truth. However, as we look
back upon history we cannot deny that learning by no means expels
wickedness, but may be indeed an additional instrument for evil
in the hands of the corrupt. To a man of virtuous instincts knowledge
is a help and an adornment; to a Claudius or a Nero it was a means
of refinement in cruelty or in folly. On the other hand, your
grandfather, Jacopo da Carrara, who, though a patron of learning,
was not himself versed in Letters, died regretting that opportunity
of acquiring a knowledge of higher studies had not been given
him in youth; which shows us that, although we may in old age
long for it, only in early years can we be sure of attaining that
learning which we desire. So that it is no light motive to youthful
diligence that we thereby provide ourselves with precious advantages
against on-coming age, a spring of interest for a leisured life,
a recreation for a busy one. Consider the necessity of the literary
art to one immersed in reading and speculation: and its importance
to one absorbed in affairs. To be able to speak and write with
elegance is no slight advantage in negotiation, whether in public
or private concerns. Especially in administration of the State,
when intervals of rest and privacy are accorded to a prince, how
must he value those means of occupying them wisely which the knowledge
of literature affords to him! Think of Domitian: son of Vespasian
though he was, and brother of Titus, he was driven to occupy his
leisure by killing flies! What a warning is here conveyed
of the critical judgments which posterity passes upon Princes!
They live in a light in which nothing can long remain hid. Contrast
with this the saying of Scipio: "Never am I less idle, less
solitary, than when to outward seeming I am doing nothing or am
alone": evidence of a noble temper, worthy to be placed beside
that recorded practice of Cato, who, amid the tedious business
of the Senate, could withdraw himself from outward distraction
and find himself truly alone in the companionship of his books.
Indeed the power which good books have of diverting our thoughts
from unworthy or distressing themes is another support to my argument
for the study of letters. Add to this their helpfulness on those
occasions when we find ourselves alone, without companions and
without preoccupations -what can we do better than gather our
books around us? In them we see unfolded before us vast stores
of knowledge, for our delight, it may be, or for our inspiration.
In them are contained the records of the great achievements of
men; the wonders of Nature; the works of Providence in the past,
the key to her secrets of the future. And, most important of
all, this Knowledge is not liable to decay. With a picture, an
inscription, a coin, books share a kind of immortality. In all
these memory is, as it were, made permanent; although, in its
freedom from accidental risks, Literature surpasses every other
form of record.
Literature indeed exhibits not facts alone, but thoughts, and
their expression. Provided such thoughts be worthy, and worthily
expressed, we feel assured that they will not die: although I
do not think that thoughts without style will be likely to attract
much notice or secure a sure survival. What greater charm can
life offer than this power of making the past, the present, and
even the future, our own by means of literature? How bright a
household is the family of books! we may cry, with Cicero. In
their company is no noise, no greed, no self-will: at a word they
speak to you, at a word they are still: to all our requests their
response is ever ready and to the point. Books indeed are a higher-a
wider, more tenacious-memory, a store-house which is the common
property of us all.
I attach great weight to the duty of handing down this priceless
treasure to our sons unimpaired by any carelessness on our part.
How many are the gaps which the ignorance of past ages has willfully
caused in the long and noble roll of writers! Books-in part or
in their entirety-have been allowed to perish. What remains of
others is often sorely corrupt, mutilated, or imperfect. It is
hard that no slight portion of the history of Rome is only to
be known through the labors of one writing in the Greek language:
it is still worse that this same noble tongue, once well nigh
the daily speech of our race, as familiar as the Latin language
itself, is on the point of perishing even amongst its own sons,
and to us Italians is already utterly lost, unless we except one
or two who in our time are tardily endeavoring to rescue something-if
it be only a mere echo of it-from oblivion.
We come now to the consideration of the various subjects which
may rightly be included under the name of "Liberal Studies."
Amongst these I accord the first place to History, on grounds
both of its attractiveness and of its utility, qualities which
appeal equally to the scholar and to the statesman. Next in importance
ranks Moral Philosophy, which indeed is, in a peculiar sense,
a "Liberal Art," in that its purpose is to teach men
the secret of true freedom. History, then, gives us the concrete
examples of the precepts inculcated by philosophy. The one shows
what men should do, the other what men have said and done in the
past, and what practical lessons we may draw therefrom for the
present day. I would indicate as the third main branch of study,
Eloquence, which indeed holds a place of distinction amongst the
refined Arts. By philosophy we learn the essential truth of things,
which by eloquence we so exhibit in orderly adornment as to bring
conviction to differing minds. And history provides the light
of experienced cumulative wisdom fit to supplement the force of
reason and the persuasion of eloquence. For we allow that soundness
of judgment, wisdom of speech, integrity of conduct are the marks
of a truly liberal temper.
We are told that the Greeks devised for their sons a course of
training in four subjects: letters, gymnastic, music and drawing.
Now, of these drawing has no place amongst our liberal studies;
except in so far as it is identical with writing, (which is in
reality one side of the art of Drawing), it belongs to the Painter's
profession: the Greeks, as an art-loving people, attached to it
an exceptional value.
The Art of Letters, however, rests upon a different footing.
It is a study adapted to all times and to all circumstances, to
the investigation of fresh knowledge or to the re-casting and
application of old. Hence the importance of grammar and of the
rules of composition must be recognized at the outset, as the
foundation on which the whole study of Literature must rest: and
closely associated with these rudiments, the art of Disputation
or Logical argument. The function of this is to enable us to
discern fallacy from truth in discussion. Logic, indeed, as setting
forth the true method of learning, is the guide to the acquisition
of knowledge in whatever subject. Rhetoric comes next, and is
strictly speaking the formal study by which we attain the art
of eloquence; which, as we have just stated, takes the third place
amongst the studies specially important in public life. It is
now, indeed, fallen from its old renown and is well nigh a lost
art. In the Law-Court, in the Council, in the popular Assembly,
in exposition, in persuasion, in debate, eloquence finds no place
now-a-days: speed, brevity, homeliness are the only qualities
desired. Oratory, in which our forefathers gained so great glory
for themselves and for their language, is despised: but our youth,
if they would earn the repute of true education, must emulate
their ancestors in this accomplishment.
After Eloquence we place Poetry and the Poetic Art, which though
not without their value in daily life and as an aid to oratory,
have nevertheless their main concern for the leisure side of existence.
As to Music, the Greeks refused the title of "Educated"
to anyone who could not sing or play. Socrates sets an example
to the Athenian youth, by himself learning to play in his old
age; urging the pursuit of music not as a sensuous indulgence,
but as an aid to the inner harmony of the soul. In so far as
it is taught as a healthy recreation for the moral and spiritual
nature, music is a truly liberal art, and, both as regards its
theory and its practice, should find a place in education.
Arithmetic, which treats of the properties of numbers, Geometry,
which treats of the properties of dimensions, lines, surfaces,
and solid bodies, are weighty studies because they possess a peculiar
element of certainty. The science of the Stars, their motions,
magnitudes and distances, lifts us into the clear calm of the
upper air. There we may contemplate the fixed stars, or the conjunctions
of the planets, and predict the eclipses of the sun and the moon.
The knowledge of Nature-animate and inanimate-the laws and the
properties of things in heaven and in earth, their causes, mutations
and effects, especially the explanation of their wonders (as they
are popularly supposed) by the unraveling of their causes-this
is a most delightful, and at the same time most profitable, study
for youth. With these may be joined investigations concerning
the weights of bodies, and those relative to the subject which
mathematicians call "Perspective."
I may here glance for a moment at the three great professional
Disciplines: Medicine, Law, Theology. Medicine, which is applied
science, has undoubtedly much that makes it attractive to a student.
But it cannot be described as a Liberal study. Law, which is
based upon moral philosophy, is undoubtedly held in high respect.
Regarding Law as a subject of study, such respect is entirely
deserved: but Law as practiced becomes a mere trade. Theology,
on the other hand, treats of themes removed from our senses, and
attainable only by pure intelligence.
The principal "Disciplines" have now been reviewed.
It must not be supposed that a liberal education requires acquaintance
with them all: for a thorough mastery of even one of them might
fairly be the achievement of a lifetime. Most of us, too, must
learn to be content with modest capacity as with modest fortune.
Perhaps we do wisely to pursue that study which we find most
suited to our intelligence and our tastes, though it is true that
we cannot rightly understand one subject unless we can perceive
its relation to the rest. The choice of studies will depend to
some extent upon the character of individual minds. For whilst
one boy seizes rapidly the point of which he is in search and
states it ably, another, working far more slowly, has yet the
sounder judgment and so detects the weak spot in his rival's conclusions.
The former, perhaps, will succeed in poetry, or in the abstract
sciences; the latter in real studies and practical pursuits.
Or a boy may be apt in thinking, but slow in expressing himself;
to him the study of Rhetoric and Logic will be of much value.
Where the power of talk alone is remarkable I hardly know what
advice to give. Some minds are strong on the side of memory:
these should be apt for history. But it is of importance to remember
that in comparison with intelligence memory is of little worth,
though intelligence without memory is, so far as education is
concerned, of none at all. For we are not able to give evidence
that we know a thing unless we can reproduce it.
Again, some minds have peculiar power in dealing with abstract
truths, but are defective on the side of the particular and the
concrete, and so make good progress in mathematics and in metaphysics
Those of just opposite temper are apt in Natural Science and in
practical affairs. And the natural bent should be recognized
and followed in education. Let the boy of limited capacity work
only at that subject in which he shows he can attain some result.
Respecting the general place of liberal studies, we remember that
Aristotle would not have them absorb the entire interests of life:
for he kept steadily in view the nature of man as a citizen, an
active member of the State. For the man who has surrendered himself
absolutely to the attractions of Letters or of speculative thought
follows, perhaps, a self-regarding end and is useless as a citizen
or as prince.
From Petrus Paulus Vergerius, De ingenues moribus et liberalibus studiis, trans. by W. H. Woodward, Vittorino da Feltre and other Humanist Educators, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1897), 102-110
Unless otherwise indicated the specific electronic form of the document is copyright. Permission is granted for electronic copying, distribution in print form for educational purposes and personal use. If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. No permission is granted for commercial use.
(c)Paul Halsall Mar 1996
[email protected]
The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of Fordham University, New York. The Internet
Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at
the Fordham University Center
for Medieval Studies.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the
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providing web space and server support for the project. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University. Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not
the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action.
© Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 28 August 2023 [CV]


text:
Zynga has been involved in an ongoing legal battle with Vostu, the king of social gaming in Brazil, which also has a big office here in New York. Zynga sued Vostu for copying it games, to which Vostu responded that Zynga had made its entire business off of copying people's games. Touché.
With Zynga gearing up for an IPO, it was probably in everyone's interest to get this settled and keep any doubts from investors minds. The company's sent Betabeat a joint statement, "Zynga and Vostu have settled the copyright lawsuits and counterclaims against each other in the United States and Brazil. As part of the settlement, Vostu made a monetary payment to Zynga and made some changes to four of its games. The parties are pleased to have settled their disputes and to now put these matters behind them."
Twenty-five percent of internet users in Brazil play Vostu games, making it by far the number one social games company in Brazil, which is a booming market, and the fourth-largest social games developer overall. Vostu also counts some real heavyweights among its backers, including Accel Partners, Tiger Technology Global Management, Intel Capital and General Catalyst Partners.
The bigger Zynga's IPO, the more attractive Vostu will look when it comes time to go public. Everyone wins when you play together.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Furloughs are turning out to be a nail biter for Department of Defense federal workers.
The Pentagon has said it plans to delay furloughs by two weeks, until May 6 at the earliest. It buys the agency some time to review plans that could trim the furloughs by at least a couple of days, before it sends notices to workers.
The forced budget cuts, that went into effect on March 1, forces the Pentagon to trim $47 billion between now and Sept. 30. Because active military employees are off limits, the brunt of cuts has fallen on its civilian workers.
Civilian defense workers face the lengthiest furloughs compared to other government agencies -- up to 22 days, or one day of unpaid time each week between April and September. It is effectively a 20% pay cut for five months.
Problem is, despite its best intentions, the Department of Defense could end up hurting its workers even more. If the agency fails to cut the number of furlough days, its employees might be forced to stay at home without pay on two days on some weeks, or a 40% pay cut. That's because the Pentagon will have to squeeze in 22 furlough days in fewer number of weeks between May and September, when the government's fiscal year ends.
"There's a lot of angst," said Don Hale, a local union president for the American Federation of Government Employees at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. "One day they're going to get furloughed and the next day, they're not. People are frustrated."
Hale said the uncertainty is particularly tough for federal workers at the bottom of the pay scale who were hoping to pick up a second job around their furlough days.
The delay is also sending mixed messages across the workforce. While a majority of employees are anxious, one federal worker viewed it as an optimistic sign.
"It seems like they don't want them to happen, otherwise, they would have already taken place," said Sue Ann Falkenberg, a secretary at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterrey, Calif. and a single mom. "If it does happen, ouch! Four days off per (two-week) pay period would be pretty catastrophic."
Defense officials are hoping that the stop gap budget measure passed by Congress last week will help them find some funds that would help to ease the burden on its civilian workers.
"The legislation could have some impact on the overall number of furlough days, but no decisions have been reached," said Commander Leslie Hull-Ryde, a defense spokeswoman.
Related: 5 federal workers: What job cuts mean to me
With decisions in a flux, unions are telling workers to expect notices by April 5, with furloughs starting a month later.
"With hundreds of thousands of anxious federal workers mere weeks away from furloughs, Defense needs to do everything it can to stop this senseless policy from taking effect," said William Dougan, national president of the National Federation of Federal Employees.


text:
Last night BurdaStyle celebrated that they are closing in on a big milestone… their 100,000th member. I am personally proud to be a member and I look forward to sharing pictures of the Kasia skirt that I am making as soon as I finish. Congratulations Nora and Benedikta!
More about BurdaStyle:
Welcome to BurdaStyle, your destination for do-it-yourself style. We like to think of this website as a virtual sewing circle, an open-source hub of ideas, expertise, and amazing patterns you can download and sew at home. We want you to learn something new every time you visit BurdaStyle. We want this website to inspire you. And most importantly, we want you to get involved: We're offering our ideas, expertise and downloadable patterns to the BurdaStyle community, and we hope that you'll contribute, too.


text:
Paternity Testing Massachusetts | Legal & At Home Paternity DNA Test
Paternity DNA Testing Massachusetts
Very often, paternity tests must be admissible in a court of law within Massachusetts. That means you need an accurate and scientifically sound test that can prove who is the father of a child, or at least show a probability of fatherhood.
Our tests come from a laboratory certified by the American Association of Blood banks. These tests require highly trained professionals who know how to collect blood samples properly and handle them in a professional manner. This handling must adhere to chain of custody rules, so that there is no doubt that the sample belongs to the individual being tested.
Of course, paternity testing can be used for non-court situations as well, such as when an individual simply wants to establish parenthood. We handle these types of tests with the same care as we use for court cases within Massachusetts.
Approximately 25% of men tested with a paternity test turn out not to be the father. They are conclusively ruled out because of DNA results.
We most often use a cheek swab, but we can also utilize hair samples, material from toothbrushes, fingernail clippings, and any other personal items that may contain DNA. Taking DNA directly from the individual is preferred, but these other methods are acceptable.
We can also test the DNA of aunts & uncles and grandparents to establish a relationship.
Legal DNA Tests vs. Informational DNA Tests: Which One Do I Need?
Legal DNA Tests in Massachusetts
A Legal DNA Test is required when the results will be used in any legal process. A legal test requires that several procedures and documentation are safeguarded, therefore, the test is performed at an approved collection site on the person(s) to be tested since the chain of custody for a sample must be maintained throughout the process. A witness who is not part of the family must be present when the DNA is collected.
Legal DNA Tests should be used for:
- Child support or custody cases
- Visitation rights
- Medical, military, or social security benefits
- Adding or removing a name from a birth certificate
- Adoption cases
- Inheritance cases (biological relationship with the person who has died)
Informational DNA Tests*
Informational DNA Tests are performed for informational or "Peace of Mind" purposes, and therefore do not carry the strict requirements of Legal DNA tests. The sample can be collected by anybody, and they can be anonymous if they want to. For Informational DNA Testing, a kit will be sent directly to you, and the test can be performed in your home and sent back to the lab. Of course, the results cannot be used in legal cases.
If you don't need results for legal reasons like child support or custody, the advantages of an Information DNA Test are:
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* – Informational DNA Test can not be administered in the State of New York. All DNA tests in the State of New York must be legal DNA tests.
Order A Paternity DNA Test in Massachusetts
If you live in the Massachusetts area, contact our office to order a DNA Test. Orders submitted by 2 PM CST Monday-Friday will be shipped the same day you order. Orders placed on a weekend will be processed the following Monday.


text: Apache Hadoop, the open source software framework at the heart of big data, is a batch computing engine. It is not well-suited to the online, interactive data processing required for truly real-time data insights. Or is it? Doug Cutting, creator of Hadoop and founder of the Apache Hadoop Project (and chief architect at Cloudera) says he believes Hadoop has a future beyond batch.\n\n"I think batch has its place," Cutting says. "If you're moving bulk amounts of data and you need to really analyze everything, that's not about interactive. But the combination of batch and online computation is what I think people will really appreciate."\n\n"I really see Hadoop becoming the kernel of the mainstream data processing system that businesses will be using," he adds.\n\nWhere Hadoop Stands NowSpeaking at the O'Reilly Strata Conference + Hadoop World in New York City, Cutting explains his thoughts on the core themes of the Hadoop stack and where it's heading.\n\n"Hadoop is known as a batch computing engine and indeed that's where we started, with MapReduce," Cutting says. "MapReduce is a wonderful tool. It's a simple programming metaphor that has found many applications. There are books on how to implement a variety of algorithms on MapReduce."\n\nMapReduce is a programming model, designed by Google for batch processing massive datasets in parallel using distributed computing. MapReduce takes an input and breaks it down into many smaller sub-problems, which are distributed to nodes to process in parallel. It then reassembles the answers to those sub-problems to form the output.\n\n"It's also very efficient," Cutting says. "It permits you to move your computation to your data, so you're not copying data around as you're processing it. It also forms a shared platform. Building a distributed system is a complicated process, not something you can do overnight. So we don't want to have to re-implement it again and again. MapReduce has proved itself a solid foundation. We've seen the development of many tools on top of it such as Pig and Hive."\n\n"But, of course, this platform is not just for batch computing," he adds. "It's a much more general platform, I believe."\n\nDefining Characteristics of the Hadoop PlatformTo illustrate this, Cutting lays out what he considers the two core themes of Hadoop as it exists today, together with a few other things that he considers matters of "style."\n\nFirst and foremost, he says, the Hadoop platform is defined by its scalability. It works just fine on small datasets stored in-memory, but is capable of scaling massively to handle huge datasets.\n\n"A big component of scalability that we don't hear a lot talked about is affordability," he says. "We run on commodity hardware because it allows you to scale further. If you can buy 10 times the amount of storage per dollar, then you can store 10 times the amount of data per dollar. So affordability is key, and that's why we use commodity hardware, because it is the most affordable platform."\n\nJust as important, he notes, Hadoop is open source.\n\n"Similarly, open source software is very affordable," he adds. "The core platform that folks develop their applications against is free. You may pay vendors, but you pay vendors for the value they deliver, you don't keep paying them year after year even though you're not getting anything fundamentally new from them. Vendors need to earn your trust and earn your confidence by providing you with value over time."\n\nBeyond that, he says, there are what he considers elements of Hadoop's style.\n\n"There's this notion that you don't need to constrain your data with a strict schema at the time you load it," he says. "Rather, you can afford to save your data in a raw form and then, as you use it, project it to various schemas. We call this schema on read.\n\nAnother popular theme in the big data space is that oftentimes simply having more data is a better way to understand your problem than to have a more clever algorithm. It's often better to spend more time gathering data than to fine-tune your algorithm on a smaller data set. Intuitively, this is much like having a higher-resolution image. If you're going to try to analyze it, you'd rather zoom in on the high-resolution image than the low-resolution image."\n\nHBase Is an Example of Online Computing in HadoopBatch processing, he notes, is not a defining characteristic of Hadoop. As proof he points to Apache HBase, the highly successful open source, nonrelational distributed database\u2014modeled on Google's BigTable\u2014that is part of the Hadoop stack. HBase is an online computing system, not a batch computing system.\n\n"It performs interactive puts and gets of individual values," Cutting explains. "But it also supports batch. It shares storage with HDFS and with every other component of the stack. And I think that's really what's led to its popularity. It's integrated into the rest of the system. It's not a separate system on the side that you need to move data in and out of. It can share other aspects of the stack: It can share availability, security, disaster recovery. There's a lot of room to permit folks to only have one copy of their data and only one installation of this technology stack."\n\nLooking Ahead to the Hadoop Holy GrailBut if Hadoop is not defined by batch, if it is going to be a more general data processing platform, what will it look like and how will it get there?\n\n"I think there are a number of things we'd like to see in the sort of "Holy Grail" big data system," Cutting says. "Of course we want it to be open source, running on commodity hardware. We also want to see linear scaling: If you need to store ten times the data, you'd like to just buy ten times the hardware and have that work automatically, no matter how big your dataset gets.\nSimilarly with performance, Cutting says, for both batch performance if you need greater batch throughput or short, smaller batch latency, you'd like to increase the amount of hardware. As for interactive queries, the same thing holds. Increased hardware should give you linear scalability in both performance and magnitude of data process."\n\n"There are other things we'd like to see," he adds. "We'd like to see complex transactions, joins, a lot of technologies which this platform has lacked. I think, classically, folks have believed that they weren't ever going to be present in this platform, that when you adopted a big data platform, you were giving up certain things. I don't think that's the case. I think there's very little that we're going to have to need to give up in the long term."\n\nGoogle Provided a MapThe reason, Cutting says, is that Google has shown the way to establish these elements in the Hadoop stack.\n\n"Google has given us a map," he says. "We know where we're going. They started out publishing their GFS and MapReduce papers, which we quickly cloned in the Hadoop Project. Through the years, Google has produced a succession of publications that have in many ways inspired the open source stack. The Sawzall system was a precursor to Pig and Hive; BigTable directly inspired HBase, and so on. And I was very excited to see this year Google publish a paper called Spanner about a system that implements transactions in a distributed system\u2014multitable transactions running on a database at a global scale. This is something that I think a lot of us didn't think we'd see anytime soon, and it really helps us to see that the sky's the limit for this platform."\n\nSpanner, Cutting notes, is complicated technology and no one should expect to see it as part of Hadoop next spring. But it provides a route to the Holy Grail, he says. In the meantime, he points to Impala, a new database engine released by Cloudera at the conference this week, which can query datasets stored in HBase using SQL. \n\n"Impala is a huge step down this path toward the Holy Grail," he says. "Now, no longer can you [only] do online puts and gets of values, you can do online queries interactively with Impala. And Impala follows some work from Google, again, that was published a few years ago, and it's very exciting. It's a fundamental new capability in this platform that I think is a tremendously valuable step on its own and will help you build more and better applications on this platform. But also I think it helps to make this point, that this platform isn't a niche. It isn't a one-point technology. It's a general purpose platform."\n\nWe know where we're going with it," Cutting says, "and moreover we know how to get there in many cases. So I encourage you to be comfortable adopting it now and know that you can expect more in it tomorrow. We're going to keep this thing advancing."\n\nThor Olavsrud covers IT Security, Big Data, Open Source, Microsoft Tools and Servers for CIO.com. Follow Thor on Twitter @ThorOlavsrud. Follow everything from CIO.com on Twitter @CIOonline and on Facebook. Email Thor at firstname.lastname@example.com


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- Home
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Certified Copies of Records
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If your marriage or civil union license was obtained in New Castle County you can purchase a certified copy from the Clerk of the Peace Office or online for $25. If ordering online, be sure to specify which copy you need, marriage or civil union.
Ordering in Person
A valid state I.D. or driver's license issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles, passport, military I.D., or government consulate I.D. is required to obtain a certified copy of your marriage or civil union license in person. Certified copies will be issued to only the parties listed on the license. An attorney or power of attorney (proof is required) can also make the request on behalf of the parties. Any record 40 years old or older are a matter of public record and can be purchased by anyone.
Ordering by Mail
If ordering your copy by U.S. mail, your certified check payment/money order must bear the name of the parties indicated on the marriage or civil union license. Your written request must include:
- Both participants full name at the time of the application for license
- Payment must be a Money Order or Certified Check payable to: Clerk of the Peace No personal checks will be accepted.
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Make a $25 payment for each requested copy with a money order or certified check (no personal checks will be accepted) payable to: Clerk of the Peace. Forward your signed, written request to:
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Couples getting married in New Castle County are encouraged to make certain that the person performing their wedding ceremony is authorized to do so. Please visit our listing of "Suspended Officiators" on this page.


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Brad Fraser's provocative play, LOVE AND HUMAN REMAINS, will open on July 21st at The Peter Jay Sharp Theater. LOVE AND HUMAN REMAINS is an edgy, provocative, dark-humored drama about the intertwined lives of seven individuals. The play explores every aspect of raw human emotion and takes the audience on an emotional journey to places often hard to explore. It centers on David McMillan, a former actor/current waiter watching his twenties tick away. Together, with his book-reviewing roommate Candy, his best friend Bernie, and S/M prostitute friend Benita, David encounters a number of seductive strangers on their search for love and sex. However, the games turn ugly when it appears one of them might be a serial killer.
LOVE AND HUMAN REMAINS stars Frances Brennand Roper, Zach McCoy, Kerri Lynn Miller, Nicholas Baroudi, Paul Castro Jr., Cassandra Paras and Dan Almekinder. Below, BroadwayWorld brings you one of a series of character featurettes, this time featuring Kerri Lynn Miller!
LOVE AND HUMAN REMAINS is directed by Clyde Baldo and is produced by Jennifer Rudolph.
Opening night is scheduled for July 21st at 7:30PM. The play runs through Monday-Saturday from July 21st-August 2nd with 7:30PM performances. For tickets and more information including the official trailer and character featurettes, please visit http://www.loveandhumanremainsnyc.com.
Recommended For You


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OSLO – Many Norwegians rejected on Friday a suggestion by U.S. President Donald Trump that they would be more welcome to move to the United States than immigrants from "shithole countries" such as Haiti or African nations.
The Nordic country, one of the richest in the world by GDP per capita, was last year named the happiest nation on the planet and is known for a cradle-to-grave welfare state funded in part by large reserves of oil and natural gas.
Trump mentioned Norway in derogatory comments about other countries of migration as U.S. senators briefed him on Thursday on a newly drafted bipartisan immigration bill, according to two sources who asked not to be identified.
One of the sources who was briefed on the conversation quoted him as saying: "Why do we want all these people from Africa here? They're shithole countries … We should have more people from Norway."
In one of several Twitter posts on Friday, Trump defended his stance on a bipartisan Senate immigration deal, but denied using the vulgar language ascribed to him.
[Trump appears to deny vulgar remark, but senator says president was 'vile and racist']
"On behalf of Norway: Thanks, but no thanks," tweeted Torbjoern Saetre, a politician representing Norway's Conservative Party in a municipality near Oslo.
Others condemned the U.S. president's comments as inappropriate or racist.
"We are not coming. Cheers from Norway," one woman wrote.
While hundreds of thousands of Norwegians emigrated to the U.S. in the 19th century, just 502 out of a population of 5.3 million people moved there in 2016, down 59 from the previous year, according to Statistics Norway.
"Will there be more now?" the statistics agency asked in a tweet.
Government officials, seeking to deflect attention, turned down a chance to comment. "We respectfully decline the opportunity," one government official said when contacted by Reuters.
The reference to Norway may have been prompted by Prime Minister Erna Solberg who visited the White House on Wednesday when the president praised Norway for running a trade deficit with the United States and for buying U.S. military equipment.
Christian Christensen, an American professor of journalism at Stockholm University in neighboring Sweden, tweeted:
"Of course people from #Norway would love to move to a country where people are far more likely to be shot, live in poverty, get no healthcare because they're poor, get no paid parental leave or subsidized daycare and see fewer women in political power. #Shithole"
Before the "shithole" controversy, former Swedish Prime Minister Carl Bildt tweeted that, judging by Solberg's visit, "keys to success with Trump is personal charm, a solid trade deficit with the U.S. and buying tons of U.S. military hardware."
Solberg, whose office also declined to comment on Trump's remarks, is expected to announce soon an expansion of her cabinet to include Norway's Liberal Party, a centrist group that favors strong environmental policies and more immigration.
"The first point of order in the new government declaration: Norway will still not be a shithole country," tweeted Kjetil Alstadheim, the political editor of financial daily Dagens Naeringsliv.
(Additional reporting by Henrik Stolen and Alister Doyle)


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Today we have the very talented Verna Mosquera blogging for us! She is debuting her studio, the Vintage Spool, with a line called "Sweet Escape."
I was so excited to hear that Kimberly had started her own blog. Having been a fan of her website for quite some time I just knew it would be terrific! It is a pleasure to guest blog and share a bit about myself and my company.
My name is Verna Mosquera and after many years of travel I settled in the beautiful town of Danville in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is there, where I balance being a wife to my husband Miguel, of 11 years, mother to my sons Milo, 5 and Nico, 2 1/2, as well as being the owner of The Vintage Spool.
That balance couldn't be more obvious than this week where I've juggled such tasks as taking my son to his first day of Kindergarten and returning home to find the Federal Express man waiting on my porch with over 300 yards of fabric from my debut line "Sweet Escape," for FreeSpirit Fabrics.
Although having my studio in my own home can be challenging at times, as far as I'm concerned it doesn't get much better than this. I am able to raise my sons while I run the day to day operations of my business. Both are jobs which I am extremely passionate about!
"Sweet Escape" is a line of 30 romantic, softly colored prints. The line was created from a sampling of small vintage treasures which I have collected over the years; a hanky, a french perfume label, millinery flowers, a curtain panel, snippets of very old fabric and so much more.
Why the name? Well because creating things with our hands is such a "Sweet Escape" from all the stresses in our daily lives.
One of the first things I recall learning as a new quilter was to use an inspiration fabric when you start a new project. That fabric leads to the color palette and overall feel of the quilt. It is so amazing to think that soon my fabric designs may inspire others to create not only quilts, but home and personal accessories, children's clothes and so much more.
Be on the lookout for our fabrics in December of this year, not to mention several new patterns both pieced and applique to be released at Fall Market in October. Stop by our website The Vintage Spool for updates as things progress. Remember to check in with Kimberly at the Fat Quarter Shop as she is sure to have the fabrics and patterns as soon as they are available.
Thanks again to Kimberly and her readers for being a part of this terrific time of artistic growth!
Verna Mosquera
photos courtesy of Gregory Case


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Janmashtami Lecture in Hamburg
In this lecture, given in Hamburg, Germany on Janmastami day on September 4, 1969, Prabhupada stresses how important it is to use our senses to serve Krishna in order to be able to understand anything about Him.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The entire transcription of this lecture follows below the audio players—so, read along! If the audio player doesn't appear right away, refresh the page.
Hamburg part 1
Hamburg part 2
Hamburg part 3
sep 4, 1969
tåtiya shaktir ishyate
This is a verse from Vishnu Purana. It is stated there that vishnu-shaktih para, "The energy of the Supreme Lord is spiritual." Energy and the energetic, they are nondifferent. Just like the sunshine is the energy of the sun globe, but the quality of sunshine and the sun globe is the same. It is not different.
The sunshine is bright, illuminating, hot—similarly, we can understand the sun globe, the temperature may be very high, but the quality is the same.
vishnu-shaktih para prokta [Cc. Madhya 6.154]
God has got one energy. That energy is spiritual energy. And kshetrajnakhya tatha para: and the same energy is manifested in another form, which is called kshetrajna, or marginal energy, or the energy in which we living creatures are acting.
Ksetrajnakhya tatha para.
avidya-karma-samjna, and tåtiya shaktir ishyate.
And besides these energies, there is another energy, which is avidya , ignorance. Karma-samjna : and it is based on fruitive activities.
Anya means besides these two energies, spiritual energy and the marginal energy, living entities, there is another energy, which is called avidya. Avidya means ignorance. And karma-samjna : and in that energy, one has to enjoy his, the fruit of his own labor.
This is the material world.
This material world is also energy of Krishna, or God, but here ignorance prevails. Ignorance is prominent. Avidya , ignorance. Therefore one has to work.
Practically one hasn't got to work, but because he is, one is in avidya , ignorance, therefore he has to work.
Avidya-karma-samjnanya tåtiya shaktir ishyate.
So actually, there is one energy: spiritual energy. Krishna, or God, is the whole spirit, and the energies emanating from Him, that is also spiritual.
Shaktih shaktimator abhinnah.
In the Vedic language we understand that the shaktiman , or the energetic, Krishna, and the energy, they are nondifferent. So this material energy is also nondifferent from Krishna.
In other words of Vedic language it is said,
sarvam khalv idam brahma:
"Everything is Brahman."
In the Bhagavad-gita also, Lord Krishna says that
maya tatam idam sarvam.
Sarvam means all, idam , this manifestation, this cosmic manifestation, whatever you are experiencing... Krishna says that "I am expanded as this cosmic manifestation."
Maya tatam idam sarvam. . .avyakta-murtina.
This impersonal feature, avyakta,
mat-sthani sarva-bhutani naham teshu avasthitah : [Bg. 9.4]
"Everything is resting on Me, or everything is expansion of Myself."
Naham teshu avasthitah:
"But I am not there." This philosophy, acintya-bhedabheda— simultaneously one and different—is our philosophy, inaugurated by Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu, although it is in the Vedanta-sutras.
So everything is simultaneously one and different from the Supreme Lord. But there are two classes of philosophers.
One class says that God and the living entities are different, and there is another philosopher, monist philosopher. They say God and the living entities are one.
So this acintya-bhedabheda philosophy adjusts that "God and the living creatures, they are simultaneously one and different." They are one in quality, just like the energy and the energetic, the sun globe and the sunshine.
In quality, in sunshine there is heat, there is illumination, light. In the sun globe also, there is heat, there is illumination. But the degrees are quite different.
You can bear the heat and illumination of the sunshine, but you cannot go to the sun globe or you can bear the heat and temperature there. The scientist says that so many millions miles away, if somebody goes or some planet goes near the sun globe, it will immediately burn into ashes.
Similarly, God and ourself, Krishna and living entities, they are qualitatively one, but quantitatively, we are very minute. Anu . We are smaller than the atom.
Nowadays there is atomic theory. We can see the atoms within the holes of the windows when there is focus of sunlight. That is called prasarenu. Prasarenu means six atoms combined together, then it is visible.
Otherwise, atom is also not visible with our naked eyes. There is atomic theory, paramanuvada , in Vedic literature also. And Bhagavata says that the scientists may be one day able to count how many atoms are there within this universe. This is not possible, of course, but it is theoretically.
The Vedic—Srimad-Bhagavatam—says that "It may be possible one day by scientific research, one can count how many atoms are there within this cosmic manifestation. Still, it is not possible to know the Supreme Personality of Godhead by our ordinary sense perception."
Atah Sri-Krishna-namadi na bhaved grahyam indriyaih [Cc. Madhya 17.136].
Krishna, or God, is not perceivable by your material senses. It is not possible. Atah , therefore, Sri-Krishna-namadi. Atah Sri-Krishna-namadi. Namadi. Namadi means "beginning from His name." Because we try to understand Krishna beginning by chanting His holy name, Hare Krishna.
Then, after chanting Hare Krishna, when our heart is purified, then we can understand His form,
sac-cid-ananda-vigraha [Bs. 5.1].
So either His name or His form or His quality or His paraphernalia or His activities—none of these can be understood by your material senses. It is not possible.
Atah Sri-Krishna-namadi na bhaved grahyam indriyaih [Cc. Madhya 17.136].
Indriyaih , the senses. Then how it is understood?
Sevonmukhe hi jihvadau svayam eva sphuraty adah.
When we take to the transcendental loving service of the Lord, then the Lord reveals Himself. We cannot understand. He reveals Himself.
Therefore, sevonmukhe hi jihvadau. Jihva means tongue. The first business of is to engage the tongue in the service of the Lord.
How you can engage the tongue in the service of the Lord? By chanting and glorifying His name, fame, quality, form, paraphernalia, pastimes. This is the business of the tongue.
Sevonmukhe hi jihvadau .
When the tongue is engaged, gradually all other senses are also engaged in the service of the Lord. The tongue is the most important sense within our body; therefore for controlling our senses it is recommended that one should control first of all the tongue.
Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura sings in his song:
ta'ra madhye jihva ati lobhamaya sudurmati.
Our present conditional state is like this.
Sarira avidya-jal,
We are packed up in the network of this material body. It is just like a fish is caught within a net. Similarly, we are caught up by this network of this material body.
Not only this body—we are changing this net in various phases of life. There are 8,400,000's of holes of this network. This is a network of ignorance, avidya-jal. Avidya means ignorance.
Sarira avidya-jal jatendriya tahe kal.
And this network, my imprisonment within this network of ignorance, is being continued on account of these dangerous senses. Sense enjoyment. So out of these dangerous senses, Bhaktivinoda Thakura says, the tongue is the most dangerous. Tongue is the most dangerous.
The tongue... If we cannot control the tongue, then the tongue will oblige me to take different types of body, one after another. If I am very much fond of satisfying my tongue by flesh and blood, then nature, material nature, will give me facility to taste flesh and blood fresh and give me a body of the tiger.
If I do not discriminate of eating, then material nature will give me a body just like a hog, when we have to accept, as our food, stool.
So we are so-called materially suffering and enjoying according to this body. Therefore this body, this human form of body, is a great opportunity, because God realization begins by engaging the tongue.
Sevonmukhe hi jihvadau [Brs. 1.2.234].
By engaging the tongue in the loving service of the Lord, one can make advance(ment) in Krishna consciousness, ultimate realization of God, the tongue.
So this tongue, in the human body, can be engaged.
In other body, in the cat's body, dog's body, tiger's body—tiger may be a very powerful animal—(but) no animal is powerful or better than human beings. That is accepted.
So this human form of life is a great boon to the living entity who is traveling through the cycle of birth and death, perpetually changing different sorts of body. Here is the opportunity, human form of body. We can utilize the tongue properly and get out of these clutches.
Sevonmukhe hi jihvadau .
So seva, seva means service; jihva adau , beginning from the tongue. So if we can keep our tongue engaged, always chanting Hare Krishna mantra ... Because "Krishna," this sound, is not different from Krishna. Krishna is absolute. Nothing is different from Him. Krishna and Krishna's name is not different.
In the material sense, everything is different. I myself (am) different from this body. I am not this body. But Krishna is not like that. Krishna and Krishna's body is the same.
Avajananti mam mudha manusim tanum ashritah [Bg. 9.11].
Krishna says in the Bhagavad-gita, "Rascals and fools, they deride (at) Me because I appear as a human being. They are thinking just like 'I am ordinary human being'."
Param bhavam ajananto — "These rascals do not know what is My influence and what I am."
Param bhavam — "What is My nature they do not know. Without knowing Me, they consider, 'Krishna is an ordinary human being.' "
Avajananti mudha —This very particular word has been used, mudha. Mudha means rascals. So in spite of this warning, there are so many rascals passing as big scholars.
They say like this—"when there is order of Krishna that 'you surrender unto Me,' (the rascals comment), it is not to Krishna but the unborn spirit which is within Krishna." He does not know that Krishna is not different from His body, Krishna is not different from His name, Krishna is not different from His fame.
Anything pertaining to Krishna is Krishna. They are monists, they are philosophizing that oneness, but as soon as they come to Krishna, immediately they divide: "Krishna is different from His body," or "Krishna's body is different from Krishna."
So atah Sri-Krishna-namadi . So Krishna's name and Krishna is not different. Therefore, as soon as my tongue touches the holy name of Krishna, that means immediately it associates with Krishna.
So if you constantly keep yourself associated with Krishna by chanting this mantra, Hare Krishna, then just imagine how you are being easily purified simply by this process, chanting— jihvadau —engaging the tongue in chanting.
And your tongue wants very palatable dishes to taste. So Krishna is very kind. He has given you hundreds and thousands of palatable dishes, remnants of foodstuff eaten by Him. You eat.
In this way, if you simply make it a determination that "I shall not allow my tongue to taste anything which is not offered to Krishna, and I shall engage my tongue always chanting Hare Krishna," then all perfection is within your hold.
All perfection.
Two simple things: Don't eat anything which is not offered to Krishna. That's all. Our Krishna prasadam are so variegated, nice varieties... The variety is the mother of enjoyment.
How much enjoyment you want with your tongue? You can have simply by eating Krishna prasadam . And the more your tongue is purified, the more you relish the chanting of Hare Krishna mantra .
Anandambudhi-vardhanam . It is stated by Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu that it increases the ocean of bliss, transcendental bliss.
Ocean does not increase—we have no experience within this material world. If (the) ocean would have increased, then all the lands would have been swallowed up many long, long years ago. Ocean does not increase.
But this ocean, transcendental bliss, is increasing. Some of you must have experienced, those who are actually relishing.
The authorities like Rupa Gosvami, he says that "What I shall chant with one tongue? If I would have millions of tongues, then I could chant a little more. And what I shall hear with two ears?"
So he's expecting, he's aspiring to have millions of ears and trillions of tongues to relish this chanting Hare Krishna. So that is another stage, of course, when this chanting will be so melodious that we shall try to have more ears and more tongues to utilize it.
Atah Sri-Krishna-namadi
na bhaved grahyam indriyaih
[Cc. Madhya 17.136].
By our present senses, we cannot understand what is Krishna, or what is God, what is His name, what is His form, what is His quality.
Therefore immediately, if we try to understand Krishna by His picture, "Oh, Krishna is embracing Radharani or the gopis," we shall mistake. Because unless our senses are purified, we shall accept Krishna and Radharani as ordinary young boy or girl and their dealings.
But actually it is not. It is pure.
Caitanya-caritamrita has distinguished that the loving affairs of the gopis with Krishna and the ordinary—these lustful dealings of human beings— there is a gulf of difference.
He compares that the gopis' love with Krishna is gold, and our so-called love here is iron. As there is difference between gold and iron, similarly there is difference between the loving affairs of gopis with Krishna and these mundane, so-called lusty affairs between men and women or boys and girls.
It is never equal.
Therefore, atah Sri-Krishna-namadi na bhaved ... [Brs. 1.2.234]. These present senses, these impure senses, contaminated senses, cannot understand Krishna; therefore we should follow this principle:
sevonmukhe hi jihvadau.
First of all, engage (in) chanting Hare Krishna.
There is Radha and Krishna. Hara is Radha, and Krishna, there is. But don't try to understand by the present senses, but simply chant their holy Name, Hare Krishna. Then,
ceto-darpana-marjanam [Cc. Antya 20.12].
When your, the dust on the mirror of your heart will be cleansed, and it will cleanse by simply chanting,
ceto-darpana-marjanam bhava-maha-davagni-nirvapanam,
. . . and there will be no more any material condition.
That is the next stage. If you chant Hare Krishna mantra without any offense, then immediately the stage will be that you are freed from all material anxieties.
That is the test—how I am advancing in chanting will be tested "how far you are free from material anxieties." That's all.
Ceto-darpana-marjanam bhava-maha-davagni-nirvapanam [Cc. Antya 20.12].
Then real life begins.
So long you are perturbed by material disturbances, you should know that your spiritual life has not begun. This is confirmed in everywhere:
Brahma-bhutah prasannatma na shocati na kanksati [Bg. 18.54]
Prasannatma — Bhagavad-gita says, "When one is Brahman realized..." Brahman realized means one who understands that I am not this body. I am pure spirit soul, eternal servitor of Krishna.
Simply understanding that "I am not this body. I am spirit soul," is not enough. That is not sufficient knowledge.
Of course, that is good. That is just on the marginal step between matter and spirit. But you have to transcend completely this material existence and come to the platform of spiritual understanding. So, for that purpose, you have to go further after Brahman realization. Brahman:
brahma-bhutah prasannatma [Bg. 18.54]
If you are actually Brahman realized, the symptom will be that you are always joyful, no anxiety—"Anxiety, why...?"
Everything is very nicely discussed in Srimad-Bhagavatam;
Bhayam dvitiyabhiniveshatah syad
When you forget Krishna, or God, and if we think there is something else than Krishna, then we are afraid. And those who are convinced and realized souls that "there is nothing but Krishna, where is the cause of fearfulness?"
Therefore those who are pure devotees, they are not disturbed even in most distressed condition of life. What they think? They think, tat te 'nukampa ...: "My Lord, it is Your great mercy that You have put me into this distressed condition:"
Tat te 'nukampam su-samiksamanah [SB 10.14.8]
So in the distressed condition, the devotees take it an opportunity that "I have got a very nice opportunity to remember God constantly. Krishna, You are so kind that You have given me this distressed condition."
So this Krishna consciousness is very nice. If we try to make progress on this line, we'll feel even:
Yasmin sthite gurunapi duhkhena na vicalyate [Bg. 6.20-23]
Bhagavad-gita says if one is situated in Krishna consciousness, even in the terrible situation, fearful situation, he is not afraid.
Just like Prahlada Maharaja. You see? Prahlada Maharaja, a five-years-old boy, his father tortured him like anything. But he was not afraid. He was not afraid. This is the Krishna consciousness state. The boy is not afraid.
Even in such tortured condition, when his father challenged him, "Prahlada, with whose strength you are so powerful that you do not care for me?" he immediately answered, "My dear father, by whose power you are talking like that?"
So Krishna consciousness is so nice that even one is put into the terrible condition of distress, he is not perturbed.
Narayana-parah sarve
There are many verses like that. We can quote hundreds.
Narayana-parah sarve na kutashcana bibhyati [SB 6.17.28]
If one becomes Krishna conscious, he is not afraid, any condition of life.
Na kutashcana bibhyati. Svargapavarga-narakesv api,
If he is put into the hell or in heaven or in the spiritual world or any world, he is happy.
Tulyartha-darshinah —he thinks everything is all the same: "Either you put me in the hell or heaven or this or that, (it) is all the same." Because he is always with Krishna, chanting Hare Krishna. Krishna is always with him.
So where is the cause of being afraid that "This place is not good; this place is very good?" No. Wherever Krishna is there is very good. That's all.
So we have to practice and train the tongue very nicely.
Sevonmukhe hi jihvadau svayam eva sphuraty adah [Brs. 1.2.234]
And the more our tongue is engaged in the loving service of Krishna... It is very nice service. You simply chant and eat Krishna prasadam. Is it very difficult service? Everyone will accept, "Oh, yes." But unfortunately, everyone does not accept. (laughter) (chuckles) You see.
Caitanya Mahaprabhu therefore says,
etadrishi tava kripa bhagavan mamapi
"My dear Lord, You are so kind that You have approached Me in..., by transcendental sound. Or You are always with Me." You can be. If I take, then Krishna is always with me. If I reject, then... That is the (ignorance)...
"Krishna is everywhere" means as soon as we accept, Krishna is immediately with us. And as soon as we reject, oh, He is far, far away. So Krishna can be with us very easily simply by this chanting or engaging the tongue in His service.
So Caitanya Mahaprabhu recommended this process, or He inaugurated this process in this age. Although it is not new system, but He especially introduced because His incarnation is to reclaim the fallen souls of this age.
So He... [break] ...before advent of Krishna he's simply planning, "As soon as Krishna will take birth, I will kill him."
This is the plan of the demons, to kill God. Atheism. "God is dead"—that is also killing, one sort of killing. "There is no God. I am God." These are all different processes of trying to kill. But God is never killed. Rather, they are killed. That is the whole history everywhere.
Guest: I don't follow. Is it...? Whose choice is it to be a demon? Is it the living entity's choice, complete choice, to be demonic, against God, or is it a part of Krishna's energy to put demons, or to have created him that way?
Prabhupada: No...
Guest: Is it completely each individual's choice to be demonic, or...?
Prabhupada: Yes. Demon means when he is forgotten, when has lost his sense, that is demon. When has lost his sense, that is demon.
Demon means mayayapahrita-jnanah [Bg. 7.15]. Maya, by the influence of maya , the true aspect of knowledge is taken away.
Anyone who is trying to establish it that "There is no God," he is demon. That's all.
There are so many philosophers, so many atheists, so many scientists. Their only business is to deny God. They are demons. Yes?
Guest: Then is there individual complete choice?
Prabhupada: That is ignorance. Yes. Apahrita-jnanah means just like a madman. For the time being, his natural knowledge is taken away. Crazy.
What do we mean by crazy? For the time being, his knowledge is taken away.
Similarly, when a living entity is in that position, as somebody has taken away his knowledge, that is demonic condition. But he can be reestablished again in knowledge.
Just like a crazy man is sent—mental disorder, to hospital for treatment; again he comes as a sane man. Similarly, the demons are just like crazy men. Even they are treated with Krishna consciousness, they can be reverted to their own position.
So this is temporary. This demoniac nature is temporary due to the contact with maya . Therefore the whole business is how to get out of the clutches of maya . Then there is no more demonic nature. It is artificial...superficial. It comes and goes. As it comes artificially, so it can go also. And the driving method is this Krishna consciousness.
Guest: So maya is temporary, and the only thing that is eternal is Krishna and the spiritual energies.
Prabhupada: Yes. Spiritual energy. That is eternal. That is eternal.
So we are... due to our ignorance, we have been very much serious with the temporary situation of maya and we have forgotten the eternal position. This is our present conditional life.
Now this Krishna consciousness movement means His treatment to reclaim the living entity from the clutches of maya . Then he is situated in his natural position. [break]


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Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) today hailed the order of the Delhi High Court directing the authorities to take action against Congress and BJP for receiving donations from United Kingdom-based Vedanta Resources' subsidiaries on the ground that it violates laws.
Addressing a press conference, AAP leader and activist lawyer Prashant Bhushan said "for the last many years, Congress and BJP have been receiving funding from Vedanta, which is registered in London, and its many subsidiaries are functioning in India."
"The HC in an important judgement has ordered the Centre to initiate immediate action against both Congress and BJP for taking donation from foreign sources which is a criminal offence under Foreign Contribution Regulation Act."
Bhushan alleged central governments under both Congress and BJP gave undue favours to Vedanta and its subsidiaries and in return received donations.
"BJP and Congress governments gave various profits to Vedanta. Multi-crore company Hindustan Zinc and Balco were given to Vedanta at nominal price by the BJP government.
"Then Congress-led UPA government gave iron ore and bauxite mining leases in Odisha and Goa to Vedanta at low price. In return, both have received donations from this company," alleged Bhushan.
Bhushan also raised question on Union Home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde's statement that Vedanta is not a foreign company.
"Shinde has replied that Vedanta is not a foreign company as its main shareholder, Anil Agarwal, although lives abroad, is an Indian citizen.
"Under FRCA, if any company is registered outside country it is a foreign company. The High Court has rejected this argument and said it is a violation of FRCA and ordered the government to initiate action against Congress and BJP," Bhushan said.
A Division Bench of Justice Pradeep Nandrajog and Justice Jayant Nath directed the authorities to take appropriate action against BJP and Congress within six months.
The verdict was delivered on a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) by a non-governmental organisation, Association for Democratic Reforms, which had alleged the Home Ministry in its reply has factually admitted the position that fundings came to these parties from Vedanta.
Bhushan said while no action was taken against Congress and BJP for receiving


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The Comb: Usually, a male will have a larger comb than a female. Also, a Silkie cockerel's comb seems to develop faster than a Silkie pullet's comb. However, some males will have very small combs and some females will have very large ones!
The Crest: A Silkie cockerel's crest will be shaped differently that the Silkie pullet's crest. The male's crest should show "little streamers" coming from the back of the crest. It looks a bit "swept back." and not really round. The pullet's crest should be nicely round in shape without the tell-tale streamers.
The Wattles: Generally, a Silkie male will have larger and rounder wattles than a Silkie female. However, this trait is a bit easier to use for sexing with non-bearded Silkies. With top quality bearded Silkies, the wattles of both genders are nearly non-existent and even the males frequently show very small wattles.
The Spurs: Silkie cockerels will usually have them and the females usually won't.
The Sounds: Silkie cockerels crow. Silkie females usually don't BUT hens have been known to crow...
The Eggs: Silkie pullets should eventually lay eggs. However, there are cases of cockerel-looking Silkies that lay. I would say that this case is rather unusual and laying eggs is the best indicator that your Silkie is a female!
The Feathers: Silkie cockerels will develop "male feathers" on their hackles and saddles. (For those folks in doubt about terminology, the hackle feathers are the ones on the neck and the saddle feathers are the ones just in front of the tail.) These male hackle and saddle feathers are longer and more pointed at the tips than the feathers on the Silkie pullet's hackle or her feathers in front of her tail. On Silkie cockerels, these saddle feathers may even tend to lay over the wings a bit.
The Tail: Silkie females typically have rounder and softer tails than the males. Silkie males usually show a more pointed tail because of the presence of "normal" or "hard" feathers in their tails. Keep in mind, however, that although the Standard allows some "hard" feathers in the Silkie cockerel's tail, in top show quality males, hard feathering in the tail is discouraged and often is not present. In creating a perfect "show" Silkies, the ideal for both male and female is a perfectly round and wide tail so this trait may not be as helpful in sexing Silkies as some others.
Here are a few funny stories... I know of a very reputable and honest master Silkie breeder that sold a pair of Splash Silkies to a newcomer to the breed. Unfortunately, to the dismay of the master breeder both turned out to be cockerels! It wasn't until the second male was nearly a year old before he developed proper male characteristics. The breeder was very embarrassed to be caught making such a mistake.
Valerie Hirvela sent me a mystery bird last summer. It was a non-bearded Black Silkie "something." The "mystery bird" was a year old and had some pullet features and some cockerel features. She guessed "it" was cockerel but couldn't tell for sure. I changed my mind 3 times over the next 6 months before deciding it was a cockerel. HE finally started crowing. In the same box was a non-bearded Black pullet and she had to go broody before I was convinced she was a SHE!
Frequently, in front of the cages where Silkies are exhibited at poultry shows, Silkie breeders openly debate where a particular bird is a cockerel or a pullet! In fact, I'd be willing to bet that with no other breed of bantam is THAT particular issue contested right among the show cages by experienced breeders!
Many, if not all, of the tips listed above require comparing males to females so I'm not sure how much the novice will be helped by these words. With sexing Silkies, the case is not so much "practice makes perfect" as practice tends to lend a better successful percentage. I guess sexing Silkies is a subtle thing. So many breeders tend to refer to a "feeling" that the particular Silkie is one gender or the other. By the time that my Silkie chicks are 8 to 12 weeks old, I can usually guess about half of the Silkie's genders right. Of the other half, I am as likely to get it wrong as right. All in all, it is slightly better than a coin flip. At three or four months old, I usually band my Silkie chicks. At this point, I'll make some notes on what I think I've got. A couple months later, I'll try again and compare my results. Still, I'm constantly surprising myself or perhaps I should say that those Silkies are constantly surprising me!!!


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Lymphedema Therapy
Get relief from the pain and swelling of lymphedema with the help of our specially trained therapists.
Get relief from the pain and swelling of lymphedema with the help of our specially trained therapists.
Lymphedema is the swelling of a body part, usually in your arm or leg. It is caused by a blockage in your lymphatic system, which prevents the proper drainage of lymphatic fluid resulting in edema (swelling) and discomfort.
There are two types of lymphedema, primary and secondary. Primary lymphedema is caused by inherited conditions and often becomes more severe with age.Secondary lymphedema occurs when the lymphatic system is damaged. Surgical procedures such as mastectomies, lumpectomies with radiation and/or removal of lymph nodes are the most common causes. Other causes include obesity, traumatic injury, infection and severe chronic venous insufficiency.
Your lymphatic system plays a large role in immune function and circulation. It consists of lymph vessels located just under the skin, meeting up with lymph nodes located in your neck, armpits and groin. As the lymph vessels move fluid out of the tissues, waste products, bacteria, dead cells and large protein molecules are collected and transported back to the heart to rejoin circulation. When the lymph vessels are unable to transport lymph fluid back into circulation, the fluid accumulates, resulting in swelling and thickening of your skin.
There is no cure for lymphedema and no absolute way to prevent it. Fortunately, there are treatments that are very effective in managing your lymphedema symptoms.
We offer a range of treatments and therapies to manage lymphedema, including
Because lymphedema is ongoing, the goal of treatment is to help you manage your condition at home.
Your arms and legs are very susceptible to infections if you have lymphedema. The stagnated fluid contains bacteria and viruses that can easily cause an infection. Call your doctor if you have signs of infection such as redness, skin temperature being warmer than usual, fever and increased swelling or pain.


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So I've touted my comfy no-bra summer styling and up until last week I had not gotten one piece of negative feedback.
I love this combo, cool in the August heat and delightfully free of the boob jail thing called a bra. So I'm standing at a busy intersection at night wearing something similar to above. It's after midnight on a Tuesday spent laughing with dear friends at Rock'n'Roll Bingo and a car drives by. A man in his late teens or early twenties yells out "I just LOVE YOUR BELLY!"
The sarcasm was pretty clear. I wasn't terribly upset but I was perplexed. Why on earth would he feel entitled to comment on my belly?
My partner was quick to pick up the point "Oh women must be, at all times, attractive to all men or suffer the wrath of being patrolled." Of course! How silly of me to forget sexism.
The idea that I, a women in my 40s, should strive to be attractive to all men, including men my son's age, is ridiculous.
What bothered me most was that moment when I wondered if there was something wrong with the way I looked. I quickly shook it off, reminding myself that my belly carried two babies and looks, well, matronly. Sure, I can hoist my breasts up and look more traditionally appealing, but why would I? It's summer, it's hot and bras are for work or vigorous exercise.
I have a loving partner of 20 years who adores me. I have lots of flirty moments in my life where I feel attractive and get validated that I am my own brand of awesome.
So young fella, as adored as me you may not be when forty you are. Oh and SUCK IT, cause ya, I'm tired of this crap and it can end with you thank you very much!


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By Desging World Staff
Twenty accessories, including WAGO-exclusive models, have joined WAGO Corporation's TOPJOB®S Terminal Block family. Designed as time-saving accessories, the Modular Connectors, Vertical Jumpers, Colored Jumpers and Component Plugs conveniently enable users to extend TOPJOB®S functionality.
Modular Connectors: Push-in Jumper Slot Connector and exclusive Conductor Entry Connector can be configured for test harnesses or serve as permanent pluggable connectors. TOPJOB®S terminal blocks have an exclusive retention spring for vibration- proof connections of jumpers and modular connectors.
Vertical Jumpers: TOPJOB®S Vertical Jumpers convert a multi-level terminal block into a common potential. Available in two- or three-levels, Vertical Jumpers streamline stocking — specify one multi-level block and field-modify with appropriate jumper for potential conversion.
Colored Jumpers: Available in red or blue and from two- to 10-pole configurations. Colored Jumpers can be used to indicate positive (+) and negative (–) signals for sensor applications.
Component Plugs: Among nine Component Plugs are two market-exclusives: a mini- PCB-compatible variant and component plug model that inserts into the jumper locations of two adjacent TOJPJOB®S terminal blocks. The jumper-compatible model also features an integrated retention spring for vibration-proof connections. Component Plugs create custom products by adding diodes (backlash protection), small resistors (signal conversion or leakage current) or mini-PCBs (custom circuits).
::Design World::
Filed Under: Connectors (electrical) • crimp technologies, Electronics • electrical, Terminal blocks


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The other day, someone I know very well (I shall not reveal his identity) called me for some emergency tech support. He had been importing photos from his iPhone to iPhoto on his Mac. A lot of photos. Just over a thousand photos, to be precise. After the import had apparently completed, a message popped up stating that the original photos were being deleted from the iPhone. During this process, iPhoto crashed.
Upon relaunch, all of the supposedly just imported photos were MIA. The photos were similarly gone from the iPhone. Over a thousand pictures, spanning more than 18 months — potentially up in smoke. Time to panic.
That's when my phone rang.
After suggesting that my unnamed caller take a few deep breaths, I offered an initial assessment: "Not to worry. All of your Camera Roll photos are still in your iPhone's iTunes backup. Worst case, restore your iPhone from your backup and the missing photos will return."
The caller responded: "But I don't have any recent backup. I never even connect my iPhone to my Mac. I've been managing everything from the iPhone itself."
"It's great that you are into 'cutting the cord.' Can I then assume you have an iCloud backup? That should also store all your Camera Roll photos and videos."
"Umm…no, I actually never turned on iCloud Backup. So the photos aren't there either."
I briefly contemplated giving a little speech on the importance of backing up. However, I decided this was not the appropriate time. Discretion also indicated that I not mention that importing 1000 photos in one shot was probably not the best strategy. Importing the photos in smaller groups would reduce the chance that iPhoto might choke and crash. And, if a crash did occur, at least only a portion of the photos would be at risk.
Skipping over all of this, I went to my next recovery suggestion: "But you do use iCloud. Right? Do you have Photo Stream enabled?"
A glimmer of a possible solution appeared on the horizon.
"Yes, I use Photo Stream. But it doesn't save videos…and I had a lot of videos. Besides, it doesn't seem to work well for me. There are photos that I took that I never saw in Photo Stream."
Again, now was not the time to get distracted and explore what might be the cause of Photo Stream's apparent failure. I needed to stay focused. I offered some encouragement:
"Well, at least most of your photos are in Photo Stream. That's a start. There's one more thing we can try. It's likely that your iPhoto database got corrupted during the crash. Let's try to rebuild it."
I went on to explain that to do a database rebuild, launch iPhoto while holding down the Command+Option keys. From the window that appears, select the option to "Repair Database." If it works, this should "add photos that are stored in the library but missing from the database." That's exactly what seemed to be going on here, so I was optimistic this would do the trick.
And sure enough, it worked. All the previously missing photos were now visible in iPhoto. Whew! Disaster averted.
If that had failed to work, I had one last option up my sleeve: Try iPhoto Library Manager. This third-party app can also rebuild a corrupted database but works differently than iPhoto's method: "Instead of trying to repair the library in-place, it creates a brand new library and tries to reimport the entire contents of the original library into the new one, including reconstructing albums, photo metadata, etc." Happily, this wasn't needed.
A postscript: iPhoto isn't the only app that brings up a repair function if you hold down the Command+Option (or sometimes just the Option) keys at application launch. For example, the same technique allows you to rebuild or reset the database for Microsoft's Outlook and BusyMac's BusyCal. It similarly opens iTunes in Safe Mode, allowing you to troubleshoot problems with iTunes plug-ins. Bottom line: If you're having trouble with any app, give the Command+Option launch a try. Chances are it will do nothing. But, if you're lucky, you'll be pleasantly surprised.


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United Nations Operation in Cote D'Ivoire: Procurement function (AP2005-640-03), 6 Jun 2006
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United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services (UN OIOS) 6 Jun 2006 report titled "Procurement function [AP2005-640-03]" relating to the United Nations Operation in Cote D'Ivoire. The report runs to 28 printed pages.Note
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Video: Frisky Oyster unveils absinthe mojito
Robert Beaver, the 35-year-old executive chef and owner of The Frisky Oyster, unleashed the Green Fairy on the North Fork Valentine's Day, when he began selling absinthe mojitos at his Greenport restaurant.
"Absinthe itself was intriguing to me because of the mystery of it," Mr. Beaver said of the controversial liquor, which is rumored to cause hallucinations.
"It was first found in Switzerland and moved to France where it became popular among artists, which interested me because it was drank among the inner circles of writers and artists. It wasn't widely known."
The brand of absinthe carried at The Frisky Oyster, Absente, advertises itself on its website as the "first legal absinthe recipe in the U.S. since 1912."
In addition to mojitos, Mr. Beaver said along with his wife Shannon, they developed an absinthe ice cream that is used to top one of their dessert items, a chocolate ginger cake.
Watch a video below of Mr. Beaver preparing one of their signature absinthe mojitos and pick up a copy of next week's Suffolk Times for more on this story.


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This is just to let you know that I've re-upped the 17 Herbie Hancock concerts from the 1970s at the Herbie Hancock 53 Live Bootlegs post from 2008.
Several links there have been replaced with lossless WAV versions as well.
Unfortunately I don't have the time to track down all of the post-1981 concert links, which are almost all dead, but contributions would be very welcome.
The Ultrasonic Studios concert from 1973 has had more downloads than anything I've ever posted here, it's a great show.


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A Round table was organized by the Innovation Council of the Bulgarian Chamber of Trade and Commerce on "The role of Innovations in the field of electrical engineering, electronics and energy efficiency in the Republic of Bulgaria" on 21st of July 2017. The event took place in the Meeting Hall at the premises of the Chamber of Trade and Commerce in Sofia.
During the second part of the meeting Sofia Energy Agency SOFENA held the Start2Act business breakfast. The event was attended by representatives of governmental and non-governmental institutions, managers and experts from small companies and start-ups.
Mrs. Nadya Nikolova-Deme informed the participants about the activities that the START2ACT project offers and the possibilities to benefit from them.
Mr. Zdravko Georgiev from SOFENA outlined shortly the main soft measures that can be applied in the office to save energy and costs.
A short presentation of a MClimate Start-up Company was also included about an innovative product for control of heating/cooling of the office or home.


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Thirty Nations Sign Cybercrime Treaty
Pact aims at harmonizing computer crime laws and streamlining investigations worldwide
By Brian Krebs, Newsbytes
Nov 26 2001 9:10AM PT
The United States and 29 other nations signed a treaty last Friday establishing common tools and rules for fighting Internet crime.
On Nov. 23, foreign ministers from the United States, Canada, Japan and South Africa joined their counterparts in 26 other countries in signing the Council of Europe's "Convention on Cybercrime," an international treaty designed to harmonize laws and penalties for crimes committed via the Internet.
The convention streamlines definitions and civil and criminal penalties for hacking, copyright infringement, computer-related fraud, and child pornography.
The treaty also includes provisions added in the wake of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks that give member states common powers to search and intercept the Internet communications of suspected terrorists.
The treaty will go into force as soon as five member states have ratified it; three of them must be Council of Europe members. The treaty still must be approved by the U.S. Senate before it takes effect in the United States.
Later this week, all 15 European Union states are expected to introduce a proposal to ratify the core elements of the treaty. The EU hopes to complete the ratification process by June 30, 2003.
The Council of Europe's cybercrime treaty has steadily earned criticism from consumer and civil liberties groups concerned that the convention could lead to the emergence of an international electronic surveillance network, or a kind of global "Big Brother."
Specifically, critics allege that U.S. law-enforcement agencies will use the treaty as an end-run around U.S. surveillance laws, and as a way to obtain the kinds of powers not granted in new U.S. anti-terrorism legislation signed into law last month.
First Amendment groups also are worried about the implications of a supplemental protocol that will soon be added to the agreement that makes any Internet publication of racist or xenophobic material a criminal offense.
Speaking on the eve of the signing ceremony in Brussels last week, the Council of Europe's Legal Director Guy de Vel countered those claims, saying the treaty strikes "a precious balance between the requirements of criminal investigations and respect for individual rights."
De Vel also said he remains mystified about allegations that the treaty might compromise civil rights.
"When I read the text of the convention, I still find it difficult to understand why these accusations were made," he said. "It is possible that the true motivations of the draft were, unfortunately, not always properly understood."
Other nations that signed the treaty include: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, "the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia," Ukraine and the United Kingdom.