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Mabel Stark: The Lady with the Tigers
Mabel Stark was the most famous female tiger tamer ever. She worked with the animals from 1911 to 1968, was mauled many times, and kept coming back for more, even into her old age.
The story of Stark's early life is hard to pin down accurately, as she embellished the facts liberally to make a good story in various interviews and her autobiography. Most sources agree she was born in Kentucky with the name Mary Haynie, although she said at least once that she was born in Canada. Her birthdate varied, but appears to be around 1889. She was an only child or one of seven, and her parents died within the same month or two years apart when she was 11 or 13 or 17. We know that she was trained as a nurse before she joined a circus as a hoochie-coochie dancer somewhere around 1909. But Stark later claimed she went straight from nursing school to the Al G. Barnes Circus in 1911 to become an animal trainer.
No one starts out in the circus as a tiger tamer, however. Stark was assigned to riding horses, which she hated. She wanted to work with tigers, the most dangerous animal in the circus. Stark approached the circus' head animal trainer, Hungarian Louis Roth, and trained under him -and was even married to him for a short time. Roth would have preferred for Stark to work with lions, but she insisted on tigers. Roth advocated training big cats by rewarding them with meat, as opposed to just beating them into submission as earlier trainers did. In other words, Roth used the carrot and the stick instead of just the stick. Stark's first big cat performance was with two lions and two tigers, and she eventually worked up to as many as 18 tigers at once.
Stark took in a sickly tiger cub that was rejected by his mother and raised him by hand. Rajah became instrumental in making Stark a star. She developed a shocking signature act in which she wrestled Rajah, causing the audience to believe she was being mauled. She admitted years later that Rajah was actually relieving himself sexually during this act, which looks very much like a vicious attack to anyone not familiar with tiger behavior. Stark started wearing a white uniform at this time so that the audience would not see tiger semen. The white costume became her signature, which she used for the rest of her career.
The Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus hired Stark away from Barnes in 1920. By then Stark had divorced Roth and was a star act. She married the circus's accountant Albert Ewing, who was embezzling funds from Ringling. They divorced when the crime was uncovered, but Stark believed she was being punished for her husband's sins when the circus cut all big cat acts in 1925. Ringling chiefs claimed that the cage took too long to assemble and tear down during a performance. Stark was still under contract, though, and was assigned to a horse act. Her tigers were kept on in the circus's menagerie, which was supervised by Art Rooney. Mabel later claimed that she married her first husbands for practical reasons, but she fell in love with Rooney. They soon married, which surprised other circus employees because Rooney wore makeup and nail polish, and they assumed he was not the marrying kind. Rooney died soon after under circumstances that were not recorded.
Stark was touring with the John Robinson Company when she was badly injured in 1928. The circus train was late getting to the venue in Bangor, Maine, the tigers were getting wet in the rain, and there was no time to feed them before the show. Normally, a cat act would be delayed or cancelled for this reason. But Stark let the show go on. Two hungry tigers named Sheik and Zoo mauled her during the show. Stark's own description of the incident:
"Sheik was right behind me, and caught me in the left thigh, tearing a two-inch gash that cut through to the bone and almost severed my left leg just above the knee. . .I could feel blood pouring into both my boots, but I was determined to go through with the act. . .(Zoo) jumped from his pedestal and seized my right leg, jerking me to the ground. As I fell, Sheik struck out with one paw, catching the side of my head, almost scalping me. . .Zoo gave a deep growl and bit my leg again. He gave it a shake, and planting both forefeet with his claws deep in my flesh, started to chew. . .I wondered into how many pieces I would be torn. . .Most of all I was concerned for the audience. . .I knew it would be a horrible sight if my body was torn apart before their eyes. And all my tigers would be branded as murderers and sentenced to spend the rest of their lives in narrow cages instead of being allowed the freedom of the big arena and the pleasure of working. That thought gave me strength to fight."
Stark managed to leave the cage with the help of another animal trainer, and insisted on changing out of her blood-soaked stage clothing before going to the hospital. Doctors sewed muscles and skin back together with 378 stitches, but did not expect her to survive. She was back to work within a few weeks, although the injuries troubled her and she was in and out of hospitals several times over the next two years for further muscle repair.
That was only the first of three serious maulings Stark suffered. In 1933, during a show featuring 18 tigers, one bit through her arm. She finished her act with the arm hanging limp before seeking medical attention. In 1950, Stark survived her third serious mauling, when her right arm was so mangled that it required 175 stitches. Once again, she recovered. But those were just the "severe" maulings -Mabel Stark had many other incidents in which she was injured by a big cat throughout her career. She always blamed herself, or other factors, but never the tigers. She loved them and respected them, but also said there was no such thing as a "tame tiger."
Stark announced her retirement a couple of times, but always returned to performing. She appeared with various circuses through the 1930s. She worked as a stunt double in the lion-taming scenes for Mae West in the 1933 film I'm No Angel, which West wrote, possibly inspired by Stark's career. Hollywood work introduced Stark to Louis Goebel's Jungleland, a Thousand Oaks, California, facility that housed trained animals for movies. It later became a theme park, and Mabel Stark went to work there in 1938, eventually on a permanent basis. During her 30 years at Jungleland, she also found time to take her tiger act on the road to Europe and Japan. And she got married for the last time. Her fourth (or possibly fifth) husband was menagerie keeper Ed Trees, who died in 1953.
Jungleland was bought and sold several times during Stark's tenure, and the park declined financially through the 1960s (it was finally dismantled in 1969). The new owner in 1968 did not like Stark, and fired her. The 79-year-old tiger tamer did not want to retire. The loss of her job, combined with an incident in which one of her tigers escaped and was killed, sent her into despair. Mabel Stark took an overdose of barbiturates, and was found dead by her housekeeper on April 20, 1968. According to her 1938 autobiography Hold That Tiger, Stark would have preferred to die at the hands of a tiger than by any other means, but it was not to be. She had already survived that fate.


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[228 U.S. 559, 560] Messrs. E. C. Field, H. R. Kurrie, and John D. Black for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Morse Ives for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Lurton delivered the opinion of the court:
This is a personal-injury case. The plaintiff, Haynes L. Hackett, was a yard switchman in the employ of the railroad company. While engaged in switching cars in the yard of the company at Monon, Indiana, on February 4, 1907, he was injured through the negligence of another servant of the company who was his immediate superior as yard foreman. He brought this action in the supreme court of Cook county, Illinois, and recovered a judgment for $30,000, for the loss of both legs. This was affirmed by the appellate court of Illinois, which was the highest court of the state to which the case could be carried.
The plaintiff's declaration contained thirteen counts. A demurrer to the first count was sustained and it was [228 U.S. 559, 561] dropped out of the case. The remaining counts were based upon the Indiana act of March 4, 1893 (Acts 1893, p. 294), and particularly the fourth paragraph thereof. The demurrer to these courts was overruled, and the plea of not guilty was entered, upon which issue was joined.
The Indiana statute provides that 'every railroad or other corporation, except municipal, operating in this state, shall be liable for damages for personal injuries sustained by any employee while in its service, the employee being in the exercise of due care and diligence, in the following cases.' One of the cases described was this: 'When such injury was caused by the negligence of any person in the service of such corporation who has charge of any signal, telegraph office, switch yard, shop, roundhouse, locomotive, engine, or train upon a railway.'
Shortly stated, the case alleged was that the plaintiff, while assisting in the switching of certain cars from one track to another, was, through the negligence of the yard foreman, then in control and directing the operation, thrown violently and negligently from one of the cars and run over. The plaintiff in error claimed in the state court that the Indiana statute upon which the action was brought was invalid as a denial to railroad companies of the equal protection of the law guaranteed by the 14th Amendment. This objection was denied, and the ruling is assigned as error.
The constitutionality of the act has been upheld by this court in Tullis v. Lake Erie & W. R. Co. 175 U.S. 348 , 44 L. ed. 192, 20 Sup. Ct. Rep. 136, and in Louisville & N. R. Co. v. Melton, 218 U.S. 36 ,-L.R.A.(N. S.) -, 54 L. ed. 921, 30 Sup. Ct. Rep. 676.
It is, however, contended that neither of the cases cited brought before this court the precise question here presented, namely, that the act violates the 14th Amendment, because upon its face it applies to 'any employee,' thereby embracing in one classification those employees subjected to the hazards incident to the actual [228 U.S. 559, 562] operation of railway trains with those in other branches of the service not so subjected, and, therefore, not within the reason for the classification. Upon this assumption it is claimed that the act is one which cannot be upheld as valid as to one class of employees and invalid as to the other, embraced within the single classification, and must therefore be condemned as wholly invalid under the rule applied by this court in Employers' Liability Cases (Howard v. Illinois C. R. Co.) 207 U.S. 463 , 52 L. ed. 297, 28 Sup. Ct. Rep. 141. But this argument overlooks the fact that the act in question is an act of state legislation, and that its construction is a matter for the state courts of Indiana. If the supreme court of Indiana has construed the act as not extending to any class of railroad employees except those whose occupation connects them in some way with the movement of trains where they are exposed to the hazards incident to the operation and movement of trains and engines, and the act as thus construed and applied is a valid enactment, we must accept that as the proper interpretation of the act. The single duty of this court would then consist in determining whether the act as thus construed violated the equality clause of the 14th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States.
In repeated decisions the Indiana supreme court has construed the act as one which cannot be invoked by any class of railroad employees not engaged in some branch of service where they are subjected to the hazards incident to the movement of trains or engines, and held that, as thus limited, the act is valid; Richey v. Cleveland, C. C. & St. L. R. Co. 176 Ind. 542, -- L.R.A.(N.S.) --, 96 N. E. 694; Bedford Quarries Co. v. Bough, 168 Ind. 671, 14 L.R.A.(N.S.) 418, 80 N. E. 529; Indianapolis Traction & Terminal Co. v. Kinney, 171 Ind. 612, 23 L.R.A.(N.S.) 711, 85 N. E. 954; Cleveland, C. C. & St. L. R. Co. v. Foland, 174 Ind. 411, 91 N. E. 594, 92 N. E. 165. Thus the Indiana court, in Pittsburgh, C. C. & St. L. R. Co. v. Rogers, 168 Ind. 483, 81 N. E. 212, said:
In Indianapolis Traction & Terminal Co. v. Kinney, 171 Ind. 612, 23 L. R.A.(N.S.) 711, 85 N. E. 954, the court said:
That the act, as thus construed and upheld by the highest court or Indiana, does not contravene the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment, is settled by the two decisions of this court cited above. But we do not intimate that the act, if construed as applicable to all employees of a railroad company, would be in contravention of that clause.
The Illinois court held that upon the facts of this case the yard foreman through whose negligence the plaintiff Hackett was injured was in charge of a train within the meaning of the act. The train was in the yard. Its movements were under the foreman's control. The act for which the company was held liable under the statute was, said the Illinois court, quoting from Chicago, I. & L. R. Co. v. Williams, 168 Ind. 276, 76 N. E. 442, 'A negligent act, occurring at a time when the doer of the act is in charge or control of a train.' To hold that the operation in the yard of a company, of a train hauled by an engine, for the purpose of distributing its cars, is not an operation of a train or engine within the meaning of the Indiana act, and that the negligence of employees directing and controlling the movements of the train is not the negligence of one in charge of a train within the fair purpose and meaning of the act, would be to make the act meaningless as to the most dangerous class of work which falls to the lot of railroad employees.
We therefore conclude that the contention that the Illinois court erred, either in holding the act valid under the equal protection clause or in its application of the act to the facts of this case, is without merit.
It is then said that the Illinois court denied full faith [228 U.S. 559, 565] and credit to the judicial construction of this act by the Indiana court. The first answer to this is that there is no want of harmony between the construction and application of the act by the Illinois court and the interpretation and application of the act by the Indiana court, as indicated by the opinions of that court, cited above. A second and sufficient reason is that the plaintiff in error did not plead and prove any settled construction of the act by the Indiana courts. Many opinions of the Indiana court were put in evidence, though not in support of any formal plea of settled construction. Neither did the plaintiff in error specially set up any right or claim under the full faith and credit clause of the Constitution until it did so under its petition for a writ of error from this court. That was too late. Our right to review the judgment of the Illinois court arises under 709, Revised Statutes, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 575, and is therefore limited to a Federal right specially set up by the party seeking to take advantage of it, and denied by the state court. In Louisville & N. R. Co. v. Melton, 218 U.S. 36 , -- L.R.A.(N.S .) --, 54 L. ed. 921, 30 Sup. Ct. Rep. 676, where a similar question arose touching an alleged departure of the Kentucky court from the interpretation placed by the Indiana court upon the statute of Indiana, this court said (p 52):
We conclude, therefore, that we are not concerned in the interpretation placed upon the Indiana act unless it be that that construction offends against some Federal right properly asserted and open to our consideration.
It is then assigned as error that the court below erred [228 U.S. 559, 566] in not holding that the Indiana statute had been superseded by the Federal employers' liability act of June 11, 1906. [34 Stat. at L. 232, chap. 3073, U. S. Comp. Stat. Supp. 1911, p. 1316.] It does appear in one or more of the counts of the plaintiff's declaration that the railroad company was engaged in operating a railroad extending into two or more states, and such was the evidence. The first count might be said to declare upon the liability of the company under the act of 1906. Upon that ground the case was removed to the circuit court of the United States. But that court remanded it to the state court. Thereupon defendant demurred to the first count and the demurrer was sustained. No exception was saved and no error assigned either in the state court or in this. In no other way was any claim set up or asserted under that Federal act, nor did the state court make any ruling as to the effect of that act upon the Indiana statute, and the judgment of the Illinois court was rested wholly upon the Indiana statute. Not having been specially set up in the state court and there passed upon, it is obvious that the point has not been saved.
But the act of Congress of June 11, 1906, had been held an invalid exercise of the power of Congress, this court saying:
That act was therefore as inoperative as if it had never been passed, for an unconstitutional act is not a law, and can neither confer a right or immunity nor operate to supersede any existing valid law. Norton v. Shelby County, 118 U.S. 425, 442 , 30 S. L. ed. 178, 186, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1121; Ex parte Siebold, 100 U.S. 371, 376 , 25 S. L. ed. 717, 719. [228 U.S. 559, 567] The second employers' liability act, which avoided the faults of the first, was not passed until after the injury complained of. We pass by as not involved any question as to the extent to which that act operated to supersede the Indiana statute. The situation is not at all like that presented in Northern P. R. Co. v. Washington, 222 U.S. 370 , 56 L. ed. 237, 32 Sup. Ct. Rep. 160. There a perfectly valid act concerning the hours of service upon railroads engaged in interstate commerce had been passed. The mere postponement of its operation was held not to lessen its effect as a manifestation of the purpose of Congress to regulate a subject which might be the subject of state legislation only when Congress had been silent. The effect of this purpose to take control of the subject was held to supersede an existing state statute dealing with the same matter from the time of the passage of the act of Congress. No such purpose could be manifested by a void statute, since it was not law for any purpose.
We conclude that the judgment of the court below should be affirmed.
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text: YGRR volunteer Linda will be at 5 pet stores every weekend, Sat and Sun from 11a-2p selling the 2020 calendars. If you would like to purchase 2 calendars for $15 each, you will also get a FREE $25 gift card – your choice of popular stores. Now that is a GREAT DEAL ! Linda will also answer any questions you have about YGRR, volunteering and adopting. Thank you, Linda, and thank you for supporting YGRR! CASH OR CHECKS ONLY, PLEASE!


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Clearwater Beach Chalk Festival
Featuring talented chalk art, artists, and art work from the 2019 Clearwater Beach Chalk show (and past 2 years). These amazing artists are a treat for all ages as the crowds grow every year at this event.Read More
All photography © Ed Richter.
Please contact me regarding lectures, art shows and photos.


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Peterbuilt Truck After-Market Grill Accessory Mock Up part 3of 3Thursday, November 18th, 2010
This is the "After Pic " of an Orlock rivet that is serving as a SOLUTION
to a troublesome rivet application(a look at the blind side):
All of the Pre-mentioned problems are solved(see part 2 for problems)
Cost: A bit more in hard dollars.
1. Dramatically increased customer satisfaction. Increased sales
2. Superior product quality.
3. Visual cosmetic improvement.
1. Although, in this case the per unit rivet price was bit higher, there is a
Small per-grill cost increase. This increase is inconsequential because there is no competitor comparison to this custom unit. Bottom line: The manufacturer and the customer benefit from the conversion to the Orlock rivet even thought there is a small increase in price.


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|Survival Guide for New Teachers
|Tips for new teachers about how to work with veteran teachers as well as parents, principals, and others. Includes reflections of award-winning first-year teachers who talk candidly about their successes and setbacks.
|Teacher Cancellation or Deferment Options
|If you're a teacher serving in a low-income or subject-matter shortage area, it might be possible for you to cancel or defer your student loans.
|What to Expect Your First Year
|Award-winning first-year teachers describe challenges they encountered in the classroom and how they faced those challenges. They suggest ways principals might help new teachers and how colleges might prepare teachers better for that first year in the classroom.


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Defense Agencies Look to Replace $3.7 Billion Procurement Dinosaur
Navy and DCMA seek new contract writing systems.
The Navy and the Defense Contract Management Agency have both started the process of replacing the 1996-vintage Defense Department Standard Procurement System, which managed 800,000 contracts worth $190 billion in 2011.
The Navy, in a request for information to potential vendors posted on FedBizOpps Saturday, said it wants to acquire an electronic procurement system to replace the contract writing capabilities of the Standard Procurement System. DCMA posted a Feb. 21 notice seeking similar, new contract writing software.
Navy officials said they are aiming to deploy the new system for training in fiscal 2014, with full operation by 2015. The service is seeking a commercial system that is ready to go "out of the box." DCMA said it too wants to acquire a commercial contract writing system, which will "improve efficiency, reduce procurement process times, and increase data accuracy."
The agencies are looking for new tools because Frank Kendall, undersecretary of Defense for acquisition, technology and logistics, mandated the sunset of the Standard Procurement System by September 2015 and directed the services to develop their own systems for contract writing and administration. The 17-year-old departmentwide system serving 27,000 contracting personnel "is difficult to maintain and improve and is technologically fragile," Kendall said in an Oct. 21, 2011, memorandum. Emerging technologies and contracting capabilities no longer require a "one size fits all" departmentwide contracting system, he added.
American Management Systems won the Standard Procurement System contract in 1996 and CACI International Inc. acquired the defense business of that company in 2004. When Defense launched the procurement system project in 1994, it estimated its total costs at $3 billion over 10 years. But in July 2001, the Government Accountability Office pegged its price tag at $3.7 billion, due partly to delays to modify commercial software to meet Pentagon requirements.
Vendors interested in the replacement systems need to respond to the Navy by March 19 and DCMA by March 29.


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This Weekend In Sports: The 2013 NCAA Final Four and More
The NCAA's Final Four kicks off in Atlanta on Saturday, and several key NBA games are slated for Sunday. Here's what to watch this weekend:
Friday, April 5
Miami Heat at Charlotte Bobcats
Time Warner Cable Arena, Charlotte, N.C.; 8 p.m. (ET) on ESPN
After a momentous 27-game winning streak, the Miami Heat (58-16) have begun resting LeBron James and Dwyane Wade in anticipation of a deep playoff run. They may not need those stars against struggling Charlotte (18-57). Kemba Walker has paced the Bobcats in 2012-13 with an average of 17.6 points per game.
Saturday, April 6
UFC on FUEL TV 9 — Ilir Latifi vs. Gegard Mousasi
Ericsson Globe Arena, Stockholm, Sweden; 11 a.m. (ET) on Fuel
UFC heads overseas for its latest installment on Fuel TV. Sweden's own Alexander Gustafsson was originally supposed to take on Gegard Mousasi in the featured bout, but Ilir Latifi replaced Gustafsson when the Swedish MMA Federation ruled the hometown brawler couldn't fight because of concerns about a still-healing cut over his eye. Latifi agreed to fight Mousasi on Tuesday, meaning he'll be at a significant disadvantage in training time. Among the notable bouts on the undercard are: Philip De Fries vs. Matt Mitrione; Diego Brandao vs. Pablo Garza; Mike Easton vs. Brad Pickett and Ryan Couture vs. Ross Pearson.
St. Louis Cardinals at San Francisco Giants
AT&T Park, San Francisco; 4:05 p.m. (ET) on Fox
The franchises that battled in last season's National League Championship Series meet on the first Saturday of the 2013 Major League Baseball season. Ryan Vogelsong will start for the Giants, who took two of three from the L.A. Dodgers to start the season. St. Louis sends Shelby Miller out to face the potent San Francisco lineup. These teams have combined to win the past three World Series.
2013 NCAA Final Four — Wichita State vs. Louisville
Georgia Dome, Atlanta; 6:05 p.m. (ET) on CBS
West Regional champion Wichita State (30-8) battles Midwest Regional champ Louisville (33-5) with the winner advancing to Monday's night national title game. Guards Russ Smith and Peyton Siva lead the top-seeded Cardinals, while the Shockers rely on scoring from the front court duo of Cleanthony Early and Carl Hall.
2013 NCAA Final Four — Syracuse vs. Michigan
Georgia Dome, Atlanta; 8:49 p.m. (ET) on CBS
East Regional champ Syracuse (30-9) draws South Regional champ Michigan (30-7) in the second 2013 Final Four contest. Point guard Michael Carter-Williams is the key to the Orange attack, while guard Trey Burke leads the Wolverines. The winner advances to Monday's night national-title game.
Sunday, April 7
New York Knicks at Oklahoma City Thunder
Chesapeake Energy Arena, Oklahoma City; 1 p.m. (ET) on ABC
Winners of 10 straight games after Wednesday night's victory over the Hawks, the New York Knicks (48-26) are the NBA's hottest team. Knicks forward Carmelo Anthony is making a late MVP push, scoring 90 points in his last two games, including 50 against the Heat on Tuesday. Oklahoma City (54-20) is led by its MVP hopeful Kevin Durant, who is averaging a league-leading 28.3 points per game. The Thunder are still in contention for the Western Conference's best record, just 1.5 games behind the Spurs.
New York Yankees at Detroit Tigers
Comerica Park, Detroit; 1:05 p.m. (ET) on TBS
The teams that battled in last season's American League Championship Series duel to end the first full week of the 2013 MLB campaign. C.C. Sabathia will start for Yankees against Tigers ace Justin Verlander.
STP Gas Booster 500
Martinsville Speedway, Ridgeway, Va.; 1:13 p.m. (ET) on FOX
Points leader Dale Earnhardt Jr. will be the driver to watch on the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series this week at Martinsville Speedway. Earnhardt will attempt to keep his 12-point lead over second-place Brad Keselowski and the 16-point bulge over the always dangerous Jimmie Johnson in third.
L.A. Lakers at L.A. Clippers
Staples Center, Los Angeles; 3:30 p.m. (ET) on ABC
The Lakers (39-36) face the Clippers (50-26) at the teams' shared home arena. The 2013 has brought a role reversal to this intra-city rivalry, as the Chris Paul- and Blake Griffin-led Clippers have won a franchise-record 50 games while Kobe Bryant's Lakers have been clinging to a playoff spot.
2013 Women's NCAA Final Four — Louisville vs. California
New Orleans Arena, New Orleans; 6:36 p.m. (ET) on ESPN
The upstart Cardinals (28-8), who knocked off top-seeded Baylor on their way to the women's Final Four, will face California (32-3), the only non-Big East school to advance to the national semifinals in 2013.
L.A. Angels at Texas Rangers
The Ballpark at Arlington, Arlington, Texas; 8:05 p.m. (ET) on ESPN
The two teams favored to contend for the American League West title in 2013 wrap up their series in Texas. Jered Weaver (0-0, 1.50) gets the start for the Angels, while Yu Darvish, who came within one out of a perfect game in his first 2013 start on Tuesday, takes the hill for the Rangers. The Texas fans will likely still be booing former Rangers outfielder Josh Hamilton, who signed a five-year, $125 million deal with Los Angeles in December.
2013 Women's NCAA Final Four — Notre Dame vs. Connecticut
New Orleans Arena, New Orleans; 8:30 p.m. (ET) on ESPN
Led by Skylar Diggins, the Fighting Irish (35-1) will attempt to beat Big East foe Connecticut (33-4) in the women's Final Four for the third straight year. Notre Dame has been defeated in the national-title game the past two seasons.


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Earthquakes actually aftershocks of 19th century quakes
(PhysOrg.com) -- When small earthquakes shake the central U.S., citizens often fear the rumbles are signs a big earthquake is coming. Fortunately, new research instead shows that most of these earthquakes are aftershocks of big earthquakes (magnitude 7) in the New Madrid seismic zone that struck the Midwest almost 200 years ago.
The study, conducted by researchers from Northwestern University and the University of Missouri-Columbia, will be published in the Nov. 5 issue of the journal Nature.
"This sounds strange at first," said the study's lead author, Seth Stein, the William Deering Professor of Geological Sciences in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences at Northwestern. "On the San Andreas fault in California, aftershocks only continue for about 10 years. But in the middle of a continent, they go on much longer."
There is a good reason, explains co-investigator Mian Liu, professor of geological sciences at Missouri. "Aftershocks happen after a big earthquake because the movement on the fault changed the forces in the earth that act on the fault itself and nearby. Aftershocks go on until the fault recovers, which takes much longer in the middle of a continent."
The difference, Stein explains, is that the two sides of the San Andreas fault move past each other at a speed of about one and a half inches in a year -- which is fast on a geologic time scale. This motion "reloads" the fault by swamping the small changes caused by the last big earthquake, so aftershocks are suppressed after about 10 years. The New Madrid faults, however, move more than 100 times more slowly, so it takes hundreds of years to swamp the effects of a big earthquake.
"A number of us had suspected this," Liu said, "because many of the earthquakes we see today in the Midwest have patterns that look like aftershocks. They happen on the faults we think caused the big earthquakes in 1811 and 1812, and they've been getting smaller with time."
To test this idea, Stein and Liu used results from lab experiments on how faults in rocks work to predict that aftershocks would extend much longer on slower moving faults. They then looked at data from faults around the world and found the expected pattern. For example, aftershocks continue today from the magnitude 7.2 Hebgen Lake earthquake that shook Montana, Idaho and Wyoming 50 years ago.
"This makes sense because the Hebgen Lake fault moves faster than the New Madrid faults but slower than the San Andreas," Stein noted. "The observations and theory came together the way we like but don't always get."
Aftershocks go on for long times in other places inside continents, Stein said. It even looks like we see small earthquakes today in the area along Canada's Saint Lawrence valley where a large earthquake occurred in 1663.
The new results will help investigators in both understanding earthquakes in continents and trying to assess earthquake hazards there. "Until now," Liu observed, "we've mostly tried to tell where large earthquakes will happen by looking at where small ones do." That's why many scientists were surprised by the disastrous May 2008 magnitude 7.9 earthquake in Sichuan, China -- a place where there hadn't been many earthquakes in the past few hundred years.
"Predicting big quakes based on small quakes is like the 'Whack-a-mole' game -- you wait for the mole to come up where it went down," Stein said. "But we now know the big earthquakes can pop up somewhere else. Instead of just focusing on where small earthquakes happen, we need to use methods like GPS satellites and computer modeling to look for places where the earth is storing up energy for a large future earthquake. We don't see that in the Midwest today, but we want to keep looking."
More information: The Nature paper is titled "Long Aftershock Sequences within Continents and Implications for Earthquake Hazard Assessment."
Source: Northwestern University (news : web)


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By Kim Iskyan
The Russian economy continued to show signs that it was coming out of recession, as GDP posted growth of 0.5% compared with June on a seasonally adjusted basis and investment in July grew for the first time since the onset of the economic crisis. But GDP was still down by 10.2% year-on-year over the first seven months of the year, and government officials—in contrast to the airy, and misplaced, optimism early this year—have stressed that the economy has yet to definitively turn the corner.
The Russian banking sector has done little to contribute to the signs of recovery, as data released in mid-August showed that overall bank lending remained flat through mid-year, highlighting government concerns that a lack of lending growth could stifle any nascent recovery. The Russian government has used a wide range of measures to boost lending, including launching loan guarantee programs, cutting refinancing rates, setting aside large (and increasing) sums to recapitalize banks (including a $5.8 billion recapitalization of state bank VTB) and de facto capping of lending rates. Meanwhile, non-performing loans (NPLs) have more than doubled since the end of 2008, to 5% as of the end of June, under (infamously lax) Russian accounting standards. Some state banks are forecasting at least another doubling of rates of NPLs by the end of the year.
The assets of real estate developer Mirax, including a landmark office building in what was to be Moscow's center of finance and Russia's answer to Wall Street and Canary Wharf, were frozen as the company failed to repay a loan. The country's state banks have in effect also become some of the largest real estate developers, as a sharp decline in real estate prices and an evaporation in demand has pushed many developers into bankruptcy.
An accident in mid-August at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric plant—Russia's largest—in southern Siberia killed several dozen workers and will cost hundreds of millions of dollars to repair. Aluminum giant Rusal, which received nearly three-quarters of the plant's output, will likely face higher costs and power shortages.


text:
This track features a pair of acoustic guitars lightly finger picking a sweet, simple optimistic melody accompanied by a piano, electric piano, glockenspiel and a shaker. Driving and happy, but quite folksy at the same time, this song is positive and childlike.
Included are a loopable version as well as a full version with an ending chord.
BrightHeart_Ending.WAV (1:13) BrightHeart_Loop.WAV (1:08)


text:
SLIM FIT Shirt in blue checkered
- Select
ETERNA Sustainability
This product complies with the following sustainability initiatives:
- two-ply
- twill
- shark collar
Feel and experience our ''Super Soft Quality''!
Special qualities, fabrics made of cotton with the best finishing, high-quality workmanship - all… these advantages come together in our premium line ''1863 by ETERNA''.
In the production of our premium shirts, we not only attach great importance to the highest quality, but also to sustainable processes. Through offsetting, we produce CO² neutrally.
This checked twill long-sleeved shirt is made of the finest two-ply fabric (100% cotton, easy-iron) in washed quality and meets the highest demands for a soft feel and best wearing comfort.
The SLIM FIT shirt with shark collar and figure-hugging cut should find its use especially where the demands on modern business shirts and luxury for everyday life meet.
This soft tailoring shirt (without breast pocket) has a soft collar and cuffs, as well as unbonded inserts.
It also features a shortened torso length, so it can be worn at an optimal length over the waistband of your trousers - for a wonderfully understated and value look.
What are you waiting for? Order this checked twill men's shirt with its particularly soft feel today and convince yourself of the first-class quality and workmanship of our products.
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text:
By TAMI ABDOLLAH
Associated Press
LOS ANGELES (AP) — Attorneys for Donald Sterling and his estranged wife will face off in court as the $2 billion sale of the Los Angeles Clippers hangs in the balance.
A trial starting Monday will focus on whether Shelly Sterling had the right to negotiate the deal to sell the team herself under terms of a family trust.
She struck the deal with former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer after Donald Sterling's racist remarks to a girlfriend were publicized and the NBA moved to oust him as an owner.
To make the deal without his agreement, two doctors examined Donald Sterling and declared the 80-year-old mentally incapacitated under the trust's terms.
Donald Sterling's attorneys say there was undue influence in the doctors' findings and that the exams and letters on his mental capacity were defective and incomplete.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text: Hello Beowulfers We are trying to increase our computational resources and we are interested in a motherboard intel pentium III Xeon (8 processors, 700 MHz - Model DELL poweredge 8450) to expand our beowulf cluster. We plan buy 2 of this motherboards. However, my boss think that a SGI 3100 (4 processors) could be better choice to run molecular dynamics. We are not sure about the price-performance rates because we can not test the Xeon architecture. Does anybody have experience with these architectures to help us. thanks in advance. Regards Gilberto Diaz -- Saludos/Best regards | e-mail: gilberto at cecalc.ula.ve Gilberto Diaz (CeCalCULA) | gilberto at ciens.ula.ve Centro de Calculo Cientifico | Universidad de Los Andes | http://www.cecalc.ula.ve/~gilberto -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: <http://www.beowulf.org/pipermail/beowulf/attachments/20010109/900e7bf9/attachment.html>


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Sep. 17, 2012
Source: Alpaca Owners and Breeders Association press release
Alpaca Owners and Breeders Association (AOBA) invites you to visit their member farms and ranches on National Alpaca Farm Days on September 29th and 30th. This is a unique opportunity for the public to explore the many aspects of the alpaca livestock industry in the United States and Canada.
From meeting these beautiful, inquisitive animals in person to experiencing luxurious alpaca products at individual farm stores, there will truly be something for everyone.
Visitors can also learn how alpacas are a green business opportunity, as they are animals that are sensitive to their environment in every respect!
While most alpaca farms welcome visitors throughout the year, National Alpaca Farm Days are sure to include special activities and educational opportunities.
For a complete list of participating farms and ranches, visit www.NationalAlpacaFarmDays.com.
About Alpacas
Alpacas, cousins to the llama, are beautiful, intelligent animals native to the Andean Mountain range of South America, particularly Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. The United States first commercially imported alpacas in 1984. There are now more than 180,000 ARI (Alpaca Registry, Inc.) registered alpacas in North America.
There are two types of alpacas in the United States today. Although almost physically identical, what distinguishes the two types of alpacas is their fiber. The Huacaya (wa-Ki'-ah) is the more common of the two and has a fluffy, extremely fine coat. The Suri (SUR-ee) is the rarer of the two and has fiber that is silky and resembles pencil-locks.
Adult alpacas stand at approximately 36 inches at the withers and generally weigh between 150 and 200 pounds. They do not have horns, hooves, claws or incisors. Alpacas are alert, intelligent, curious and predictable. Social animals that seek companionship, they communicate most commonly by softly humming.
About Alpaca Fiber
Alpacas are shorn, without harm, every 12 to 18 months. They produced five to 10 pounds of luxurious fiber. Long ago, alpaca fiber was reserved for royalty. Today it is purchased in its raw fleece form by hand-spinners and fiber artists. Knitters buy it as yarn.
Because of its soft texture, alpaca fiber is sometimes compared to cashmere. Making the fiber even more coveted, it has the luster of silk. Alpaca fiber is just as warm as, yet 1/3 the weight of wool. It comes in 22 natural colors, yet can be dyed any desired shade.
Containing no lanolin, alpaca fiber is also naturally hypoallergenic. Most people who are sensitive to wool find that they can wear alpaca without the itching or irritation they feel from wool because alpaca fiber is smooth. Additional performance characteristics include: stretch, water repellency and odor reduction. For travelers, clothing made from alpaca is desirable because it is wrinkle-resistant.
Green Alpacas?
Alpacas come in 22 natural colors, but they are all green!
Sensitive to their environment in every respect, alpacas have soft padded feet instead of hooves and can leave even the most delicate terrain undamaged. Damage to topsoil decreases long-term soil fertility and in the process, the soil is eroded and weed invasion is encouraged.
Alpacas prefer to eat tender grasses, which they do not pull up by the roots. Lacking upper teeth, alpacas "cut" the grass with their bottom teeth and upper palate. This vegetation cutting encourages the plants' growth. Because they are modified ruminants with a three-compartment stomach, alpacas convert grass and hay to energy very efficiently and stop eating when they are full, further preserving the landscape on which they live.
However, alpacas do not mind eating brush, fallen leaves and other "undesirable" vegetation, leaving the "good stuff" for species that do not have the stomach to digest such roughage.
Alpacas' pellet-like droppings are PH balanced and are an excellent, natural, slow-release, low-odor fertilizer. This rich fertilizer is perfect for growing fruits and vegetables. Because alpacas consolidate their feces in one or two communal spots in the pasture, it is easy to collect and compost, and the spread of parasites is controlled.
While alpacas are environmentally friendly ... and even beneficial... to the land, what makes them even more "green" is the fiber they produce. No chemicals are employed either during feeding or during the industrial production of alpaca fleece into fiber. If dying is desired, only 20% of a normal dye quantity is required.
All fiber from an alpaca can be used. Even the fiber from the lower legs, belly, neck, etc is being used for things such as natural weed mats to be placed around trees. Alpaca fiber is biodegradable.
Alpacas require no insecticides, herbicides or fertilizers that pollute the groundwater.


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Pythonic: Difference between revisions
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== Development ==
== Development ==
Project development is ongoing among a small group of developers. Communication takes place on the Octave maintainers mailing list. The official
Project development is ongoing among a small group of developers. Communication takes place on the Octave maintainers mailing list. The official repository is at [https://./mtmiller/https://./mtmiller/].
== Documentation ==
== Documentation ==
Revision as of 02:01, 9 April 2019
There is a small project in development to bring a Python calling interface to Octave. The broad goal of this project is to add functions and types to Octave to allow calling Python functions directly from Octave.
At a high level, the features and capabilities of Octave's Python interface allow a user to:
- Import and call any Python module or function from the Octave interpreter
- Automatically convert basic Octave and Python types seamlessly between the two operating environments
- Assign any Python object to an Octave variable, view its properties, and invoke methods on it
- Assign any Python function or callable object to an Octave variable, and call it as if it were a function handle
- Perform element indexing on lists and other sequence objects using curly bracket indexing syntax
- Perform key indexing on dicts and other mapping objects using curly bracket indexing syntax
Some features that have not yet been implemented, but have been planned for, include:
- Perform slice indexing on lists and other sequence objects using parentheses indexing syntax
- Operate on Python objects using standard Octave arithmetic and logical operators
- Load and save Python objects to Octave data files using the standard load/save commands
Project development is ongoing among a small group of developers. Communication takes place on the Octave maintainers mailing list. The official project repository is at https://gitlab.com/mtmiller/octave-pythonic.
The current development needs to be documented. We are using doxygen for the documentation.
Roadmap / Ideas
Python from Octave
The conversion of Python's dict is not unique. For that we have decided to load a Python's dict as a structure. This works only when all the keys fo the dict are strings. When the keys are something else there is the option to use `repr` to create the fields of the Octave's struct, e.g.
|Code: Conversion of Python's dict to structure
> x = pyeval ("{1:'one',2:'two'}");
> x.("1")
ans = one
> x.("2")
ans = two
> x = pyeval ("{(1,1):'one',2.5:'two'}");
> x.("(1,1)")
ans = one
> x.("2.5")
ans = two
This would be the default behavior. We will extend pyeval to receive an optional argument specifying the Octave type that should be used as the output of the conversion, e.g. when the dict uses continuos numbers as keys one could do
|Code: pyeval optional argument
> x = pyeval ("{1:'one',2:'two'}",@cell);
> x{1}
ans = one
> x{2}
ans = two
> x = pyeval ("{1:'one',2:'two'}",@char);
> x
x =
> whos x
Variables in the current scope:
Attr Name Size Bytes Class
==== ==== ==== ===== =====
x 2x3 6 char
Total is 6 elements using 6 bytes
> x = pyeval ("[i for i in xrange(3)]",@double)
x =
0 1 2
The optional argument could be the constructor of an Octave class.
Octave view of Python
Currently we can do things like
|Code: Objects in python exists across calls to pyexec and pyeval
pyexec ("import networkx as nx")
pyexec ("G=nx.complete_graph(10)")
x = pyeval ("G.nodes()")
But we cannot get a representation of G within Octave.
The idea is to have an object that maintains a pointer to an Python object and that has all the methods to convert that object to Octave.
The python object can be manipulated by python calls like
pycall and
pyexec without needing to do an explicit conversion. For example
|Code: Octave object that points to a python object
pyexec ("import networkx as nx")
pyexec ("G=nx.complete_graph(10)")
G = pyobj ("G") ## G is an object without Octave representation but with methods to do the conversion if required
nodes = pycall ("nx.nodes",G) # Python nx.nodes(G)
nodes2 = pyeval ("G.nodes()") # Equivalent
Comment: It seems that
pyexec and
pycall do not share workspace, so the code above wont work because nx doesn't exist when we call
pycall at line 4.
The conversion methods should provide different output objects to Octave. The idea is to be able to call something like
|Code: Octave view of Python object with conversion methods
G_cell = cell(G); # G converted to a cell
G_struct = struct(G); # G converted to a struct
Python Objects in Octave
@pyobject class wraps arbitrary Python objects so they can be accessed and manipulated from within Octave. In most cases, these are created automatically.
Known Problems
This section documents some known problems or limitations of the Python calling interface, usually due to a limitation of the Octave language itself or a bug in Octave that needs some attention.
Python objects are implemented as Octave classdef objects. More specifically, any Python object is represented by an object of type pyobject. which contains a persistent reference to the corresponding Python object. The pyobject class overrides functions such as class and isa so it appears as if each Python type is represented by a corresponding distinct class in Octave, but in reality they are all of the same type. This is similar to Octave's Java interface.
Because classdef is used, some of the following known issues are specifically related to Octave's classdef implementation, which is still a relatively new work in progress.
- Assignment to dict or other mapping object using string keys fails. The following syntax produces an error:
d = py.dict (); d{"one"} = 1;
Use the
__setitem__method instead as a workaround:
d.__setitem__ ("one", 1);
- Element indexing on a list or other sequence object with a range or set of indices doesn't return the right number of output arguments. Element indexing should return as many values as were indexed, each assigned to the ans variable in turn, or be able to wrap the return list in a cell array, as shown here:
x = py.list ({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}); x{1:3} y = {x{1:3}};
Instead of the expected behavior, a cell array of elements is returned in both cases. This is Octave bug #48693. The following patterns for assigning the results do work instead:
[a, b, c] = x{1:3} [y{1:3}] = x{1:3};
- Function handles to Python functions, bound methods, or other callable objects is not yet supported. As a workaround, the
pyevalfunction can be used to return a reference to a function which can be assigned and called like any Octave function handle, but cannot be passed in to functions that expect a function handle.
- Objects are not deleted because object destructors are not called by Octave when objects are cleared or go out of scope. For the Python interface, this means that the internal store of objects will continue to grow and objects will persist indefinitely even when all Octave references to a given Python object are gone. This is Octave bug #46497.
- Python objects can't be loaded or saved using the Octave
savecommands. This missing feature applies to any classdef object, this is Octave bug #45833. As a workaround, any Python pickling or serialization functions can be used to load and save objects separately from the usual Octave workspace techniques.
- Names cannot be imported into the current workspace using the
importis not yet implemented in Octave at all.
In addition, the following workaround may be considered a known issue. I don't know enough about Matlab's Python implementation to know how important this is, but it's worth documenting.
- py.foo is supposed to act like a kind of dynamic namespace, automatically loading any matching Python function or module that is in the search path. This most closely maps to the concept of a "package" in Matlab or Octave, which would normally be implemented with a +py directory. Since we didn't know of an easy way to create a package scope that does some kind of dynamic dispatch, we implemented py as an old-style @py class. This takes advantage of the fact that the syntax py.foo instantiates a py object and calls subsref on it. This only works because it is an old-style class, with classdef this would be treated like a static class method call rather than a property lookup on an object instance. This lets us interpret the property lookup as a dynamic search of the Python module path.
This project is currently derived from an earlier project called Pytave, which was developed to work in the opposite direction, to allow Python to call Octave functions on an embedded Octave interpreter. The bulk of the project is in the code to convert between Octave and Python data types, so most of that is reusable and serves both purposes. As a side goal, we may continue to maintain the Python wrapper around Octave and incorporate that into Octave as well, so that Octave can provide its own native Python module.


text:
Bollywood Loses One More Star As Sushanth Singh Rajput Commits Suicide
Rishi Kapoor- A Remembrance Of Bollywood's Heartthrob And Legend
Irrfan Khan- An Ode To The Gentleman Actor
Nishabdham Trailer – Madhavan Starrer Promises An Intense Thriller
Hrithik Roshan Credits Ranveer Singh For Fashion Inspiration, Ranveer Responds
Shah Rukh Khan Birthday – Best Dialogues By The King Of Romance
Things We Learned About Shah Rukh Khan From His Interview On David Letterman's Show
Ranveer Singh Goes Crazy On The Cricket Field
Bollywood's Desirable Divas Of 2018 According To Times
Zoya Factor First Look Released
Arjun Patiala Trailer Out Now
Article 15 – Second Song Naina Yeh Out Now
Saaho – Shraddha Kapoor All Set To Play Cop
Saaho Teaser – Prabhas-Shraddha Kapoor New Project Bigger Than Ever
Article 15 Trailer Out Now
Panga Movie Review
Street Dancer 3D Movie Review
Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior Movie Review
Chhapaak Movie Review
The Sky Is Pink Movie Review
Salman Khan and Rajkumar Santoshi's Movie On Hold? There were a lot of gossips about Salman Khan doing a movie with Rajkumar Santoshi. Everybody was truly anticipating...


text:
A K-12 software platform that schools use to manage communication and instruction—that's what eChalk is. The company was founded in 1999 in response to the growing need for technologies and services that would meaningfully connect teachers, students, and parents to the information and resources they need to be successful. Torrance Robinson and Daniel Watts, eChalk's co-founders, met while working in New York City schools and shared a vision for increasing student engagement through the Internet. They quickly became leading advocates for e-rate, which has had a profound effect on school connectivity. With that as their origin, eChalk is especially proud of its long track record of focusing exclusively on the interests of K-12 schools. Martin Brutosky (pictured) joined the company in 2008, bringing more than 30 years of experience in education technology and software. Here, Martin talks about the beauty of simplicity, the right climate for innovation—and as a bonus to readers of this interview—Martin introduces a special offer.
Victor: What products and services does eChalk provide?
Martin: eChalk is a K-12 software platform that schools use to manage communication and instruction. Schools use eChalk to:
- Build and maintain easy-to-use school websites.
- Create, share, and use standards-aligned lesson plans.
- Provide consistent classroom pages that deliver access to dynamic instruction and varied learning resources.
- Organize and manage each student's schoolwork, interests, and activities.
- Coordinate and promote groups, departments, and professional learning communities.
- Communicate with parents and the community via web, email, and safe social networking.
It's that simple. Which it should be.
Victor: You previously worked at TetraData, another education company, before joining eChalk. What compelled you to take the helm at eChalk, and continue to devote your career to the education industry?
Martin: An education executive once asked me, "Now that you've been successful in business, do you want to be significant?" That question caused me to pause and reflect on the importance of helping to drive American education toward effective lifelong learning. eChalk is central to the mission of U.S. education. And just like the educators we work with, eChalk associates represent all that's right with education today – smart, creative, and committed to helping schools improve.
Victor: In what ways is eChalk's offerings unique or different from its competitors?
Martin: We've always kept it simple: we bring all of your learning into one place. eChalk has had single sign-on for six years, just released a mobile app in September, and will release Google and Live@EDU integration this semester.
Perhaps what sets us apart most of all is that schools are free to choose with eChalk. Whether it's integrating a subscription to netTrekker or weaving in Gmail and Google Docs, schools benefit from our educator-friendly, student-safe environment without being limited in their choices.
We bring schools a communication and learning management platform that's intuitive for beginning users just getting started. And at the same time we offer a set of tools so comprehensive that it excites even the most savvy of technology enthusiasts.
Let me take it one step further for your readers. We're so confident in our software and the people behind our platform that we'll back it up. If your readers email me personally, cite this article, and elect to sign with eChalk in November, we'll arrange it so that they pay nothing until July 2012. What's more, if schools aren't happy and decide to move to another competitor in July, don't pay us. With renewal and referral rates in the high 90s, we know how to do right by schools.
So—that's different. What's curious to me is…would any other vendor in our space say the same thing? And then back it up? Why not?
Victor: What are the advantages of using eChalk?
Martin: Schools cite many advantages of using eChalk, from saving time to increasing student engagement. But perhaps this biggest advantage is that eChalk offers a set of tools that teachers actually use. As technology directors know, some teachers go reluctantly into the web while others have long-since dived headlong into online classrooms. eChalk's advantage is that we can serve both ends of the spectrum.
It takes just three minutes for a teacher to activate her classroom, and 30 minutes to get it up and running with events, resources, assignments, and notifications. That's less than a standard class period to launch a highly engaging, richly informative learning environment.
Victor: Why is a website mission critical to schools and districts?
Martin: What's mission critical to schools and district's is having the ability to effectively and efficiently communicate, engage, and transform their learning community. Parents rightfully seek access to their kids' learning and community members are vested stakeholders in the success of their schools.
Websites are uniquely powerful gateways into schools. From events and information to learning resources and emergency notification, today's school websites are called upon to do far more than create online curb appeal—though our designs do that, too.
Victor: Does social networking have a place in schools?
Martin: In a word, yes. We see no reason to deny kids the opportunity to engage in learning the same way they engage in life, but we also see no reason to diminish the pedagogical value that educators bring to these environments. Simply recreating a Facebook-like environment falls short of the need to meaningfully support and enhance the teacher, student, and parent workflow. Using tools like eChalk, social networking can and should facilitate "natural" learning using stories, anecdotes and common human interaction. And it's essential that these activities happen with the proper safeguards in place. For example, a New York City school recently selected eChalk—led by a student research and review initiative—because it provides the right combination of networking features and safety/security measures.
Victor: What do you think are the barriers to effective technology integration in schools, and how does eChalk help educators and schools overcome them?
Martin: The largest barrier we hear from new customers has been the difficulty in finding products that are easy to learn and easy to use. When you think of the natural acceptance and use of certain technologies, you can see how those technologies first captured the way people do their work without technology and then build on that to make the tools acceptable and easy to use.
eChalk used a method called "contextual design." We studied the natural workflow of teachers and have 95 percent to 100 percent utilization rates among educators since we automated what they do for a living and save them time on task.
Victor: Parental involvement is an important factor in student achievement, what tips can you offer to schools to increase parental involvement?
Martin: As with any technology adoption, making it easy to understand and use is key. Parents at eChalk districts, for example, can view all of their kids' information in one view, even if they attend different schools. Simple things like eliminating parents' struggles to access info goes a long way.
Along those lines, we created the eChalk Academy for the benefit of all eChalk schools. Through this online resource, we publish best practices in many areas, including parent engagement tactics like facile page design and communication strategies. We've also created a resource kit for school communications officers that they can use to share their story.
Victor: What is your outlook on the future of education?
Martin: The easy, safe answer is to say things like "bright" and "full of potential." While those are indeed true over the long term, my outlook is that we have some tough years ahead of us. Our political climate has the potential to deadlock federal support of key programs. States are strapped for cash and schools are struggling to cut costs, identify new revenue streams, and increase student achievement.
We get it because we're in schools every day and we see just how hard administrators, technology leaders, and teachers are working every day to meet higher demands in tighter economic times.
And in that kind of climate, American innovators start to emerge. We see it in states that have reduced their dependency on the old textbook paradigm. We see it in schools that staff support desks with their tech-savvy kids. We see it in parents who get energized by a deeper involvement in their kids' learning. And we see it in eChalk educators across the country who already do more with less and simply refuse to throw in the towel. These are our kind of people and we are investing in solutions that enable this type of innovation.
Victor: How does eChalk address some of your concerns about education today?
Martin: We can't solve the political climate and we can't fund state revenue shortfalls. Among the many problems we can't solve, however, there remains one group of people we can definitely serve—educators.
That includes, in particular, technology leaders that need tools their teachers will actually use. Tools that are so simple to understand that teachers get it right away; personal service that's proactive, not reactive, and aligns our software to each school's specific objectives. In short, eChalk is able to address some of our most pressing concerns about education today by crawling deep inside the issues and working side-by-side with the educators and education leaders who are best-positioned to solve them. Anything else a software provider might prioritize is totally unacceptable.
And eChalk is ready to put "usage" as a measurement of technology that is effective. Let's not waste money on technology that sits on a shelf. We provide usage statistics of our solution and are ready to bring lucidity to usage of other technology solutions so that educators continue to invest intelligently.
Victor: Where is eChalk headed in the next 1 to 5 years?
Martin: When negotiating intellectual property rights, some publishers have introduced a clause that includes "for products yet to be invented." This is so that they don't lose the opportunity to use existing IP in new domains as they emerge.
In the same way, our client services, professional learning, and product development teams are always thinking about the "yet to be invented." And that's not limited just to product. We're coming up with innovative ways to support customers, train end-users, and evolve alongside technology leaders.
This school year we've already seen the release of a new eChalk Mobile App and we're launching Google and Live@EDU integration this semester. And that's just the beginning of what will be an exciting five-year period of rapid eChalk evolution – just like the schools we're working with. A key to our innovation will be "integration" and provision of the ability for educators to leverage multiple technologies/learning resources through eChalk. We also want to ensure that social networking becomes a help to educators, not a disruption or threat.
When I think about what lies ahead, even after twelve years, thousands of schools, and millions of eChalk users, it feels like we're just getting started. I wouldn't have it any other way.
Victor Rivero tells the story of 21st-century education transformation. He is the editor-in-chief of EdTech Digest, a magazine about education transformed through technology. He has written white papers, articles and features for schools, nonprofits and companies in the education marketplace. Write to: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
At any given moment in time, there are nearly 2 billion pallets on the move across the United States. New, used, metal, plastic, corrugated, wood or wood composite, pallets are, quite literally, the foundation of the materials handling industry.
For those outside of the materials handling industry, pallets might seem like a just basic commodity. But for those of us on the inside, pallets are an essential component that can have a major impact on an operation's process and ultimately its bottom line.
"In most cases, a pallet is the platform that serves as a lynch pin for entire unit load," says Bruce Scholnick, president of the National Wood Pallet & Container Association (NWPCA), the Washington, D.C.-based trade association that represents the wooden pallet industry. "And that platform allows you to move more in less time with less labor."
Pallets have the power to affect major cost savings for manufacturers and any operation moving product. They also protect the product during transit and allow it to arrive at its destination in good, usable, salable condition. Without a pallet, a product's packaging would have to be more durable, which could also translate into higher costs.
So, since almost every product moving through our nation's supply chain moves on a pallet, the question is: What type of pallet and why?
Actually, there are a lot more questions in our annual pallet survey, which was resurrected last year after eight years and a lot of industry evolution. Modern's goal in conducting the pallet survey is to better understand current and future usage of pallets as well as any trends that may be occurring in the pallet market.
In August, Modern's 2011 Pallet Survey was sent out to subscribers of our magazine as well as a sample of recipients or our e-newsletters. The e-mail invitation also included a URL linked to a dedicated Web site that contained the questionnaire. We received 594 qualified responses from readers employed at a facility that actually uses pallets. The survey has a margin of error of ±5.6%.
Here's what the readers told us.
People purchasing pallets
The people who responded to Modern's pallet survey once again represent a broad spectrum of industry verticals, with food and beverage (16%), consumer goods (12%), wholesale trade (10%), and transportation and warehousing (8%) accounting for nearly half (46%) of the qualified responses. We also received responses from a number of other sectors, including paper and allied products, medical and healthcare products, electronics, automotive, building materials, metals and aerospace, to name a few.
The average reader is purchasing an estimated 9,020 pallets at their location, or roughly 18 truckloads a year, slightly below 20 truckloads a year reported in 2010. However, 14% of users are purchasing more than 30,000 or more pallets a year, or about five truckloads per month or more. Another 16% are purchasing between 10,000 and 29,000 pallets per year at their location.
While there is a lot of talk about the stagnant economy, pallets are generally an indication of the amount of product being palletized for inventory or shipping purposes. Yet, 45% of respondents indicated that their pallet usage has increased over the last two years, by an average of 20% and another 40% indicated their pallet usage had remained the same. Only 15% of respondents indicated their usage had gone down, by an average of 29%.
We found similar results looking forward. Asked how they believe the number of pallets they purchase will change over the next two years, 48% expect to increase their pallet purchases, by an average of 17% and 43% expect their purchases to remain the same. Only 9% expect their pallet purchases to decrease, by an average of 31%.
According to this year's survey, 60% of the pallet purchasing decisions continue to be made by purchasing managers, warehouse managers, shipping and warehouse managers, and dedicated buyers. And, as was also the case last year, the majority of pallets (52%) are being purchased at the local level, meaning people at that location are buying pallets for that location only. Fifteen percent of respondents say that pallets are purchased at the local level for that site plus others, and 18% say that their pallets are purchased at the division-level for one or a number of locations.
A pallet's purpose
So, once purchased, what's the purpose of these pallets? For the most part (83%), pallets are being used in both warehousing and shipping applications. Only 8% of our readers report using pallets solely for warehousing and 9% solely for shipping.
Of the pallets being used in a shipping capacity, 40% say that their pallets are used to export product; 59% send their pallets on a one-way journey out to trading partners; and 20% circulate pallets in a closed-loop between trading partners.
Seventy-one percent of readers say that their pallets move in a closed-loop transporting product and materials within their facility, and 52% say pallets move between a number of facility locations with their organization.
One example of the latter is the Chicago Transit Authority. It owns thousands of wooden pallets that are used to move materials from its central warehouse out to 20 maintenance locations. Pallets are on the job around the clock moving materials needed to repair buses and trains and support its stations. "We have about 60,000 SKUs in stock," explains Mark Ehmig, general manager of warehouse operations. "Everything from plumbing and electrical supplies is moved internally on our own pallets."
Pallets can live a long, useful life in this closed-loop, even those that get pretty grimy. "There's a small number, about 5%, that we use to handle items that don't need to be moved on clean, pristine pallets," says Ehmig. "Some of these pallets have seen better days, but they're still useful."
That's not true in all cases. For example, the White Castle facility in Covington, Ky., which makes frozen food for the White Castle burger chain, has to address a number of strict requirements when handling food, including those issued by the Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA).
As a result, the White Castle facility incorporates a number of pallet solutions. For example, warehouse supervisor Gordon Skaggs explains that since products cannot be placed directly on a floor, they use their own wooden pallets to store and hold products. Plastic pallets serve a role in carrying onions through the preparation process because, as Skaggs says, onions get sticky and plastic pallets are washable.
When it comes time to ship the frozen food out to restaurants, distributors show up at White Castle's shipping dock equipped with their own pallets. "We use different carriers and they all come for the product with their own pallets," says Skaggs. "They come with about 30 pallets, and it's an even pallet exchange."
Stable business
How respondents are using pallets this year tracks closely with last year's findings. In fact, according to Modern's research team, the differences are not statistically significant. Meaning, the overall numbers in this year's pallet survey tell us that the pallet industry has been stable. There is little change from last to this year.
However, our survey did uncover a slight variation in the average number of times a pallet is used. Last year, the average number of times a pallet was used was 7.5. This year, the average dropped to 5.6.
There could be a number of factors responsible for the decline, explains NWPCA's Scholnick. For example, business could have fallen off for some respondents, or some respondents might be storing product on "slave" pallets in a warehouse. But Scholnick also says this slight adjustment is not a red flag. There are a host of reasons the number has gone down, but the pallet industry is cyclical and that number is going to fluctuate, he says.
Pallet rental
Another interesting point that came to light in this year's pallet survey is the increase in those considering certain pallet rental systems.
Last year, 48% of our respondents using pooled pallets were managing their own pools. This year, that number is down to 35%, and respondents say they are considering a helping hand. (Interestingly enough, readers tell us that the top reasons for outsourcing pallet handling and repair are the same reasons for keeping it in house - cost effectiveness and convenience.)
Modern's survey included a number of companies that lease, repair or manage pallet pools, including CHEP, IFCO, PECO, iGPS and Ongweoweh. Among them, CHEP saw interest and/or participation in their business jump from 22% last year to 43% this year. While the increase wasn't as dramatic for the others, up is up.
One reason for the increased interest could be due in part to new guidelines issued by big box retailer Costco. Last year, the company mandated that all by the end of 2010, all deliveries must arrive on a four-way entry block style pallet. This style of pallet has a true four-way entry that makes it easier to unload and handle the unit load, which ultimately enhances efficiencies. However, it's more challenging to manufacture than the basic stringer style pallet and also more expensive.
So, rather than buy more expensive pallets, end users are considering the jump into a pallet rental pool with pallets like those offered by CHEP, PECO and iGPS. This option could provide cost savings for some operations and ease the constant pressure to lower expenses by collaborating with vendors who can become partners and focus on part of the operation that is not directly connected with its core competency. Simply put, as one respondent said, "We are not in the pallet repair business."
But some companies are in the pallet repair business, which is good news to nearly two-thirds of survey respondents. Of the readers using wooden pallets, 60% use a third party or pallet recycler to maintain their pallets, while 28% sort and repair their pallets internally.
Wood wins, plastic places
Regardless of who is maintaining the pallets, it's clear that wood continues to be the overwhelmingly dominant material of choice in the market, with 95% of respondents reporting that they use wooden pallets at their facility.
And within that figure, according to Scholnick, about 80% of the wooden pallets in circulation today are reused. Over the past two years, 32% of respondents say they have acquired more used wooden pallets, and that same number has plans to acquire more used wooden pallets for their operation. Only 17% report an expectation of using fewer used wooden pallets in the next two years.
While wood is the winner, plastic is gaining some traction. Thirty-nine percent of our readers say that they use some plastic pallets at their location, compared to last year's 33% who said they use some plastic pallets. And, of those not currently using plastic, 21% say they would consider using plastic pallets in the future.
When considering wood pallets, readers told us the most important considerations continue include the following: purchase price (95%), strength (95%), availability (93%), and durability (92%).
However, when considering plastic, priorities have shifted. Last year, strength and durability were the top priorities (92% each). This time around those factors are still the top considerations, but they are less important (83% and 82%, respectively) to end users.
Weighing into a location's pallet choice can be a number of factors, including sanitary issues, durability and quality. "We would only change to reduce cost but probably would not change from plastic," explains one respondent. "We have found the plastic pallets give us the highest number of turns, literally measured in years of service with as many as five or six trips per week."
Among the other materials highlighted in the survey, 14% of respondents indicate they use some wood composite pallets, 8% say they use some cardboard/corrugated, and 7% say they use some metal pallets. Respondents, however, did not indicate in what quantities alternative pallets are purchased.
But, of course, every pallet has a unique purpose. For example, corrugated or transport pallets are designed for one-time use, often going from a manufacturing operation to a distribution center where product is repalletized and stored. And, although more expensive, aluminum pallets are lightweight and strong which makes them ideal for transport in the airline industry.
Every operation is different and pallet usage depends on what and where product is moving. But according to Scholnick, "All pallets have place in the market."


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In the first quarter of 2015, in the sixth year of the historic Obama recovery, the U.S. economy grew by two-tenths of 1 percent.
And that probably sugarcoats it.
For trade deficits subtract from the growth of GDP, and the U.S. trade deficit that just came in was a monster.
As the AP's Martin Crutsinger writes, "The U.S. trade deficit in March swelled to the highest level in more than six years, propelled by a flood of imports that may have sapped the U.S. economy of any growth in the first quarter."
The March deficit was $51.2 billion, largest of any month since 2008. In goods alone, the trade deficit hit $64 billion.
As Crutsinger writes, a surge in imports to $239 billion in March, "reflected greater shipments of foreign-made industrial machinery, autos, mobile phones, clothing and furniture."
What does this flood of imports of things we once made here mean for a city like, say, Baltimore? Writes columnist Allan Brownfeld:
"Baltimore was once a city where tens of thousands of blue collar employees earned a good living in industries building cars, airplanes and making steel. . . . In 1970, about a third of the labor force in Baltimore was employed in manufacturing. By 2000, only 7 percent of city residents had manufacturing jobs."
Put down blue-collar Baltimore alongside Motor City, Detroit, as another fatality of free-trade fanaticism.
For as imports substitute for U.S. production and kill U.S. jobs, trade deficits reduce a nation's GDP. And since Bill Clinton took office, the U.S. trade deficits have totaled $11.2 trillion.
An astronomical figure.
It translates not only into millions of manufacturing jobs lost and tens of thousands of factories closed, but also millions of manufacturing jobs that were never created, and tens of thousands of factories that did not open here, but did open in Mexico, China and other Asian countries.
In importing all those trillions in foreign-made goods, we exported the future of America's young. Our political and corporate elites sold out working- and middle-class America—to enrich the monied class.
And they sure succeeded.
Yet, remarkably, Republicans who wail over Obama's budget deficits ignore the more ruinous trade deficits that leech away the industrial base upon which America's self-reliance and military might have always depended.
Last month, the U.S. trade deficit with the People's Republic of China reached $31.2 billion, the largest in history between two nations.
Over 25 years, China has amassed $4 trillion in trade surpluses at our expense. And where are the Republicans?
Talking tough about building new fleets of planes and ships and carriers to defend Asia from the rising threat of China, which those same Republicans did more than anyone else to create.
Now this GOP Congress is preparing to vote for "fast track" and surrender its right to amend any Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal that Obama brings home.
But consider that TPP. While the propaganda is all about a deal to cover 40 percent of world trade, what are we really talking about?
First, TPP will cover 37 percent of world trade. But 80 percent of that is trade between the U.S. and nations with which we already have trade deals. As for the last 20 percent, our new partners will be New Zealand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Brunei and Japan.
Query: Who benefits more if we get access to Vietnam's market, which is 1 percent of ours, while Hanoi gets access to a U.S. market that is 100 times the size of theirs?
The core of the TPP is the deal with Japan.
But do decades of Japanese trade surpluses at our expense, achieved through the manipulation of Japan's currency and hidden restrictions on U.S. imports, justify a Congressional surrender to Barack Obama of all rights to amend any Japan deal he produces?
Columnist Robert Samuelson writes that a TPP failure "could produce a historic watershed. . . . rejection could mean the end of an era. . . . So, when opponents criticize the Trans-Pacific Partnership, they need to answer a simple question: Compared to what?"
Valid points, and a fair question.
And yes, an era is ending, a post-Cold War era where the United States threw open her markets to nations all over the world, as they sheltered their own. The end of an era where America volunteered to defend nations and fight wars having nothing to do with her own vital interests or national security.
The bankruptcy of a U.S. trade and foreign policy, which has led to the transparent decline of the United States and the astonishing rise of China, is apparent now virtually everywhere.
And America is not immune to the rising tide of nationalism.
Though, like the alcoholic who does not realize his condition until he is lying face down in the gutter, it may be a while before we get out of the empire business and start looking out again, as our fathers did, for the American republic first. But that day is coming.
Patrick J. Buchanan is the author of the new book The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose From Defeat to Create the New Majority. To find out more about Patrick Buchanan and read features by other Creators writers and cartoonists, visit the Creators Web page at www.creators.com.


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today, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit issued a
decision upholding a new gun sale reporting rule. In July 2011, the U.S.
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) sent demand letters
to gun dealers in border states (California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas),
requiring that each dealer send a report to the ATF when it sells "two or more
semi-automatic rifles capable of accepting a detachable magazine and with a
caliber greater than .22 (including .223/5.56 caliber) to an unlicensed
person." Sales occurring on or after
August 14, 2011, are subject to the new rule.
The ATF has reported that thousands of U.S. firearms are illegally
brought into Mexico each year, specifically citing that authorities in Mexico
recovered over 68,000 U.S. guns between 2007 and 2011.
response to the case brought by The National Shooting Sports Foundation, Inc.,
J&G Sales, Ltd., and Foothills Firearms, LLC, the Court found that the Gun
Control Act of 1968 "unambiguously authorizes" the ATF's new policy. While the appellants argued that the ATF's
policy overstepped a congressional mandate against creating a national gun
registry, the Court concluded that the ATF's demand letter applied to a small
percentage of gun dealers and an even smaller percentage of gun sales, stating:
"In short, because ATF sent the demand letter to only seven percent of
[dealers] nationwide and required information on only a small number of
transactions, the July 2011 demand letter does not come close to creating a
'national firearms registry.'" The full
text of the opinion is available here.


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Painted Rocks
From the Bureau of Land Management website: "Painted Rocks Petroglyph Site, approximately 90 miles southwest of Phoenix, Arizona, provides visitors the opportunity to view an ancient archaeological site containing hundreds of symbolic and artistic rock etchings, or "petroglyphs," produced centuries ago by prehistoric peoples. There are also inscriptions made by people who passed through during historic times. Many well- known events in Arizona history occurred near the Petroglyph Site, including the expedition of Juan Bautista de Anza that founded San Francisco, the Mormon Battalion and the Butterfield Overland Mail."Read More
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I've been posting every single day for a very long time. Years in fact. I'm tired and am going to change up my posting.
For now I'm going to do the following posts:
Silly Sunday, Awww Mondays, Wordless Wednesday, Feline Friday and Seymour (pet-rock) and his buddy Element until they return home the first of September. I'm burnt out.
So for a change you don't have to swing by each day. Just now and then and you are all invited to participate in all the memes. See you tomorrow for Feline Friday.
Image Credit: Publicize


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TrendyFashionMall Readymade Embellished Sequin Work Blouse Y02-Magenta-XL-44
TrendyFashionMall Readymade embellished Sequin work Silk Saree Blouse Collection
Product Overview
- Color: Y02-magenta
- Size: X-Large
- Color: Y02-magenta
- Size: X-Large
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Our normal time on Stitching and Customization is 10 Days - Expedited customization and Shipping available with Extra Charge. We have options on the product page if you want to expedite the stitching process and ship faster than the normal time.
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The Customer is responsible for the Custom duty, import duties, taxes, clearance charges ETC… depending upon the laws of the recipient's country by custom authorities of the country on the import of goods. Most of the time custom duty is charged on the basis of the value of the goods, their weight, dimension, or any other criteria specific to the product.
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Please double-check your address carefully when placing a new order. If your parcel is undeliverable because of Incorrect Address or Failed Delivery Attempts or Refused by Recipient; the package is typically returned to us by the carrier as an undeliverable package, where we didn't have any mistake done from our side, we will charge $20 Shipping charge when we ship again after correcting the issue. If you request a refund after a failed delivery attempt due to a mistake not done from our side, we will charge you $20 and refund the remaining balance to you.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding anything related to product or shipment, please contact us by sending an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com
Thanks for shopping with us.


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C-242, 54, 43365 Arbolí, Tarragona, Spain
Av. de la Diputació, 70, 43850 Cambrils, Tarragona, Spain
This video is an exact match of a Strava segment corresponding to a portion of the larger video.
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