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CSU's RCR Training Policy Overview
CSU'S NIH/NSF RCR Training Policy
Undergraduate Students
Online RCR training only
Graduate Students/Postdoctoral Fellows
Online RCR and approved face-to-face training
CSU'S USDA NIFA RCR Training Policy
Undergraduate Students, Research Scientist/Associate, Faculty
Online RCR training only
Graduate Students/Postdoctoral Fellows
Online RCR and approved face-to-face training
Core Competencies of RCR Training
- Ethics and social responsibility in research
- Conflict of interest
- The use of animal/human subjects and safe laboratory practices
- Mentor/mentee responsibilities
- Collaborative research
- Data acquisition, management, sharing, and ownership
- Research misconduct
- Responsible authorship, publication and peer review
- Financial management and responsibilities
Institutional Responsible Conduct of Research Training Program Policy
Colorado State University (CSU) is committed to excellence, setting the standard for public higher education in teaching, research and service for the benefit of the citizens of Colorado and the United States. We are committed to imparting to our trainees our core values: being accountable, engaging in civic responsibilities, promoting freedom of expression, demonstrating inclusiveness and diversity, encouraging innovation, acting with integrity and mutual respect, and providing opportunity and access to all. By providing the formal training outlined below we can provide a productive research environment for trainees during their tenure here, and prepare them to be responsible researchers and citizens when they move out into the workforce. In this context, responsible conduct of "research" includes all scholarly and inquiry activity associated with the mission of CSU. Although the nature of such research varies by discipline, training in ethics and responsible conduct is an essential component of the education of all members of the academic community.
Graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and undergraduate students engaged in research are required to receive formal training in the following nine core areas:
Ethics and social responsibility in research,
conflict of interest,
the use of animal/human subjects and safe laboratory practices,
mentor/mentee responsibilities,
collaborative research,
data acquisition, management, sharing and ownership,
research misconduct,
responsible authorship, publication and peer review, and
financial management and responsibilities.
The training content and effort shall be appropriate for the educational and responsibility level of a trainee and the discipline in which one is being trained.
All trainees engaged in research and scholarly inquiry at the undergraduate, graduate or postdoctoral level will be required to take the CSU online RCR Training Course during their studies at CSU. In addition, face-to-face training is strongly encouraged and may be required for trainees as part of their formal or informal training experience. CSU requires that all trainees (postdoctoral fellows, graduate students) funded by the NIH, NSF, USDA NIFA take an approved face-to-face training course. In addition, faculty, research scientists, and research associates funded by USDA NIFA are required to take the online RCR training (USDA NIFA: US Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture). CSU has a variety of mechanisms for providing such training, including GRAD 544 ("Ethical Conduct of Research"), Department of Philosophy courses (such as PL 666), undergraduate research program-specific RCR courses/workshops (such as a National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates RCR course or an Office of Undergraduate Research and Artistry RCR program), departmental/college RCR courses approved by the Provost to meet these requirements, and individualized mentoring from the trainee's faculty advisor or other designated member of a department/program. [Note that all trainees supported by specific National Institutes of Health training mechanisms (D43, D71, F05, F30, F31, F32, F33, F34, F37, F38, K01, K02, K05, K07, K08, K12, K18, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K30, K99/R00, KL1, KL2, R25, R36, T15, T32, T34, T35, T36, T37, T90/R90, TL1, TU2, and U2R) must participate in face-to-face RCR training (i.e. an online training course alone does not meet the requirements for RCR training for individuals supported by these mechanisms)].
RCR courses will include coverage of ethics and ethical decision-making, based upon material emanating from the Department of Philosophy, permitting the dissemination of ethics training across the curriculum. All courses will contain case-studies or other active-learning activities that allow trainees to understand how theory is translated into practical decision-making of ethical issues. However, departments may tailor their course and training plans so that trainees receive the most relevant, discipline-specific information. Graduate students and new faculty will be introduced to these requirements at new student and new faculty orientations that take place on campus in fall and spring semesters. The Provost's office, in conjunction with the Research Integrity and Compliance Review Office will provide oversight and quality review for all RCR face-to-face training programs across campus. CSU will also provide "training-the-trainer" workshops to assist faculty in providing the highest quality of responsible conduct mentoring possible. The Department of Philosophy will offer specific training opportunities to enhance mentoring on ethics and ethical decision-making processes. In addition, the Provost and the Office of the Vice President for Research will offer campus-wide RCR seminar series and workshops for students, faculty and staff, to allow trainers and trainees to experience RCR issues that may be outside their specific areas of expertise.
Exemptions: Basic RCR training requirements can be met by alternatives to the on-line RCR training course. In addition to the courses listed above (i.e., GS 544, PL 103, PL 305, PL666), units/mentors can propose alternative RCR training options to the RICRO office, which will determine the appropriateness of the suggested alternative(s).
The Provost will establish an online Resource Center for RCR Training, which will be accessible to all students, faculty and staff. The Resource Center will contain specific information for each of the nine core areas, including three sections: 1) lecture material that has been developed and used by other CSU faculty, 2) case studies and active-teaching exercises related to a specific topic, and 3) bibliographies, web links and other resources that instructors may find useful in their teaching of a topic. The Resource Center content will be monitored and updated periodically so that the content will reflect current developments in RCR topics. Faculty teaching RCR will be encouraged to contribute to the Resource Center so that RCR training efforts on campus can be coordinated and integrated into all curricula.
Promoting the responsible conduct of research and scholarly activity is the responsibility of all members of the campus community. At Colorado State University, training in this area is overseen by the Office of the Provost, and compliance with federal regulations regarding ethics training is overseen by the Office of the Vice President for Research.
Questions regarding the CSU Institutional RCR Training Plan may be directed to RCR Coordinator.


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If you're looking for the perfect card to tell you brother, "Happy birthday" and let him know you care, don't walk away from this one! On top of the beautiful background is a sweet note that may even make your brother shed a tear or two. This is a great choice!
Little brothers are the best and worthy of a sensational birthday card such as this! It features a brother and sister playing and having fun! Your brother will recall fond memories after seeing this meaningful birthday card. He will be touched that you feel lucky to have him. Such a great thing for a brother to read on his special day. Send this lovely birthday card to your brother so he can start his day with a smile.
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It's your brother birthday, and that can only mean one thing, that it's time to get the party started. This birthday card will put a smile on your brother's face when he sees that this puppy is ready to start the celebration. This fun birthday card showcases an adorable puppy wearing a birthday hat and sunglasses! He sits in front of a wonderfully festive background with streamers and sparkling lights. Send this little guy over to your brother soon!
The image on this birthday card says it all! Exceptional party drinks being held up in a toast to your brother's birthday is a great reminder to live it up and enjoy the day to the fullest! This sensational birthday card features wonderful colors and fancy Happy Birthday lettering that give it a sophisticated, yet creative look! Send these perfect drinks over to your brother to help him get his birthday celebration started in style!
Nothing makes a birthday more special than an irresistible dessert! That's why this birthday card will be such a big hit with your brother. It features the best dessert ever and he will wish it was real! The birthday message expresses that you wish him lots of goodies, presents, and of course, a birthday song too. All of these elements, along with the festive yellow coloring and special Happy Birthday lettering, create the perfect birthday card!
Let your brother know how you feel about him with this thoughtful birthday card! It will make his day when he reads that you are proud of him and all his accomplishments! This birthday card displays a wonderful cupcake with lit birthday candles, it will add a little excitement to his day. It will also wish your brother a successful and fun year! He couldn't ask more!
Send some presents your brother's way with this fantastic birthday card! It features awesome colors and words that will make him wish every day was his birthday! The gifts are perfectly wrapped and will give him a preview of what he has to look forward to during his birthday celebration! The best part of this birthday card is that it will remind your brother that this day is all about him! This will certainly make him feel special on his birthday.
Propose a toast and say cheers to your brother on his special day with this awesome birthday Card! It will wish your brother a fun-filled celebration because everyone likes to have some fun on their birthday! This greeting card showcase two perfect beers with a creative blue background that only adds to its festive look! So get these two beers over to your brother soon while they are still chilled!
Exciting fireworks are displayed in honor of your brother's birthday and he will be thrilled to see them! These colorful fireworks bursting in the air are what make this birthday card so special. This birthday card expresses that your brother should get ready to celebrate because today is his big day! Get these fireworks over to your brother for his birthday so he can enjoy them on his special day!
This super fun birthday card will add a shot of excitement to your brother's special day! It's bursting with vibrant colors and large Happy Birthday lettering that he can't miss! The message will put a smile on his face when he reads that you are thanking him for all the fun times and wonderful memories. This will mean a lot to him coming from his brother or sister. Send this fantastic birthday card to your brother to supercharge his big day!
When you see birthday steamers you know its time to have some fun! This birthday card was created just for your brother so that you can send some love and fun his way! The festive streamers and vibrant Happy Birthday lettering give this greeting card an element of celebration! The message will let your brother know you would like him to have an awesome day! He will certainly love the fact that you sent this birthday card his way!
Your brother is an amazing person. Living life on the edge, making the hard look effortless. He's an admirable man and deserves time off to relax on his birthday! Wish your brother a bit of fun on his special day, a touch of adrenaline to start his heart. Birthdays are meant to be wild; ensure this one is memorable too.
Turn your brother into a rock star for his birthday! He's always been a headbanger, but today is when he's in control of the music. From the notes, to the venue, to the volume, it's his show! Wish your brother the best and let him know that you're at his side until the wee hours of the morning. He might be the rock star people come to see, but you're the stage crew making sure everything goes smoothly. Let him know that today, and every day, he has you.
Make today one of your brother's favorite birthdays with this glorious card! Only the best will do for your brother, which is of course why you got him the shiniest, most shimmering present ever. After all, there is no one in the world like your brother. He makes you laugh. Supports you. Helps you prank your parents. He deserves a spectacular day, full of gifts and love. Make sure he gets it by sending your brother this birthday card of joy.
We write down dreams, little notes for our brains and hearts, and then stare at them wistfully. Well, tell your brother to stop being lazy and go after them on his birthday! Anything can happen on birthdays, including all of your wishes coming true. So send this determined dog to your brother on his birthday and let him know you have his back!
The older we get, the less chance we have to spend with family. It takes a lot of schedule juggling to get together. But it is always worth the hassle. Family is important, especially the brother who ran at your side during the summer and sat with you on the couch on winter nights. Your time together was, and is, precious. Because of that, wish your brother a magical birthday and let him know just how special he is to you.
Your brother is probably the person you roll your eyes at the most. But he's also the person who encourages you and helps you tackle new challenges. And that's exactly what this year is - a new challenge. Wish your brother luck and push him towards all the incredible things the world has to offer - a great life and adventure quests. His birthday today is the beginning of an incredible year.
Give your brother a taste of stardom for his birthday! Your brother has always had the skills and moves to shine, even if he downplays them. This birthday, highlight your brother's talent and let him know that you and everyone he knows are cheering for him. It's his birthday - gift him the courage to take a shot at every opportunity that comes his way!
You have always admired your brother for his fearless nature. Maybe envied it just a bit. But when you watch him jump into the air, arms wide and face smiling, you feel like you're flying with him. Siblings share everything, including adventures and you love witnessing his. Make sure that on his birthday, your brother leaps into the air and flies. His success is yours, and your love for him will help him go far.
It's no secret; your brother is awesome. And while it might just be sibling affection that's making you say that, you know deep down it's true. No one can compare to him. On his birthday, celebrate his accomplishments. Make sure your brother knows just how bright his light shines. Your brother's birthday is a day for you to celebrate him, but he's important enough the whole world should celebrate too.
You share a special bond with your brother, so on his birthday, let him know you're thinking of him and wishing him well with this heartfelt birthday card. The image of a brother and sister walking hand in hand is a wonderful way to remind him that no matter how old you get, you'll always look up to him and be by his side. What a wonderful way to celebrate him on his special day.
A rich wooden background and glowing lights add a warm, festive touch to this special birthday card for a brother who means so much. He's someone who you look up to for the person he is and all the amazing things he does, and for that, you want to wish him the very best celebration possible and happiness in the year ahead.
You are blessed to have him as your brother. And his birthday is the best time to let him know! This heartfelt card features a background of lights and presents, setting the scene for an unforgettable celebration, while your words add a very special sentiment: that having him for a brother is the very best gift you've ever received. Even if you can't be there with him this year, it's a wonderful way for you to let him know you're wishing him well from miles away.
However your brother spends his birthday, make sure it rocks with this thoughtful birthday card to someone who means everything to you. With guitar in hand, the guy in this birthday card is happy to take sometime for himself to do what he enjoys most. Just like your brother will be happy to know you took the time to remember him and let him know that you think he's the best. After all, you are his #1 fan!
Birthdays are an exciting time for everyone. It's a chance to look back at what we've accomplished in the past year and look forward to all the new adventures that lie ahead. Make it the best celebration for your brother with this inspiring card that will remind him to always keep chasing his dreams, while letting him know you're supporting him every step of the way.
The excitement is building for your brother's birthday. And you've got one shot to make it amazing with this cool, hockey-themed birthday card! Whether he's a sports fan or just appreciates feeling like a winner on his big day, this greeting is a great way to wish him an unforgettable celebration while hoping all of his wishes come true in the year ahead.
Birthdays call for reaching out to the special people in our lives to let them know we're wishing them well. This sports-themed birthday card shows a baseball player swinging for the fences, the perfect way to celebrate your brother as he turns another year older and to let him know that you hope every part of his big day is a grand slam because nobody deserves it more!
You and your brother have shared so much over the years, and even if time or distance have made it hard to see each other as often as you'd like, his birthday is a great time to remind him what he means to you with this special birthday card. Two young brothers have their arms locked around one another, a symbol of the unbreakable bond you share. The words above will let him know that you're always there for him, no matter where life takes you.
This birthday card may look like the Fourth of July or Christmas, but it's really all in celebration of your wonderful brother's birthday. This birthday card is a celebration in itself. With the multicolored confetti and decorations, it simply screams celebration. As an added bonus, the birthday card lets your brother know how much you care about him.
The flames of the candles on this birthday card really make it stand apart from other cards. Your brother deserves more than just one birthday wish, and this card is a great way to show it! The contrast between the dark background and the bright flames makes this card almost like a piece of art, and it's a stunning choice that your brother is sure to love.
The first thing you'll notice about this birthday card is the soft, subtle colors, but it's so much more than that. In addition to the gorgeous contrasting hues, this gem offers up a sweet sentiment that is also a play on the word "gift." If you want to let your brother know just how much he means for you within getting too sappy, definitely snag this birthday card!

subset: commoncrawl


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recently, a good friend of mine moved back home, and is now a celiac. i feel ashamed to attempt a pizza that won't build body and crumb, is there any ways to do this?
Hey Dood,Here's a few pics from some of the pies I made using your recipe and a BlackStone oven. Next ones will have better (some) corniche, for I was definitely at the beginning of the GF dough-forming learning curve. Taste was much better than I ever expected. Three days in the refrigerator with the Ischia SD starter did the trick. My gluten-free pizza eating friend brought all the leftovers home with him. Take care!Jim
Jim - wow, great looking pizzas. Can you or Dood linky me the recipe please?!
Dorkmeat,Usual Blackstone process is 20 minute warm-up at 1/2 to 3/4 throttle, launch temp at around 850-875ºF and then full blast for baking. I idle it between bakes with about 1/4 throttle. I have the chauflector installed as well as the washers under the stone. Space between the steel stone dish and the bottom of the opening is around 1/2". My motor is a heavy duty, AC one that I had hanging around from my HastyBake grille and rotation is opposite of the one that comes stock with the Blackstone. I do move the pizza around a bit on the stone as I try to get some leoparding and sometimes dome it a bit if necessary. I'll take pics of the crumb next bake. It's really hard 'cause as soon as they come out of the oven, someone grabs the pan, cuts the pieces and starts passing them out. I just need to do a "lab session" some afternoon with just me, the pizzas and the camera. I must repeat that the taste from a sourdough GF pizza is VERY close to a traditional pizza. There are other sourdough cultures that are even more "tangy" than the Ischia and I plan to experiment with a few of those too. It's just a PITA, to get them activated with GF flour. Hope this helps and take care!Jim
Whereas my regular Ischia sourdough starter takes 3-4 hours after feeding to be fully activated and ready to use, the GF version needs 6-8 hours after feeding to be fully activated and ready to use.


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Law Weblog
Change in Human Rights law is certain after next month.Friday 28 October 2011 at 1:48 pm | In News | Post Comment
Britain will take the chairmanship of the Council of Europe, the court's governing body, and ministers hope to use this to push through major reforms.
In a statement released through the council, the UK criticised the massive backlog of 155,000 cases before the ECHR and said that it would "ensure that national courts and authorities are able to assume their primary role in protecting human rights".
The UK's aim is to "strengthen subsidiarity" by introducing new measures to help ensure that the ECHR plays a subsidiary role where member states are fulfilling their obligations under the convention.
Mr Clarke the Justice Secretary, told the Home Affairs Committee that the European Court of Human Rights at Strasbourg should "have a proper regard for the way Parliament and the courts in independent states have addressed human rights issues themselves in the first place." He said: "The biggest priority for the British Government as a whole is to try and get some reform…" There's a lot of support among other member states for reform and quite a lot of support in the court itself and in the Council of Europe."
Lord Phillips, the country's most senior judge has also contributed to the mood for change, by describing the court's rulings as sometimes too narrow in scope.
Issues often centre over privacy and immigration, both in the courts and with parliament. In particular article 8 of the European convention on human rights, which guarantees respect for private and family life has caused most concern.
Justices at the supreme court have difficulty translating the "very abstract" wording of the convention into practical legal effect.
Lord Judge told a House of Lords committee this month that there was an "arguable case" that the UK had to take account of decisions emanating from the court in Strasbourg but that "we are not bound by them".
Earlier this week, the Attorney General, Dominic Grieve, announced he would appear before the European court of human rights in Strasbourg in a case about prisoners' voting rights, to argue that English and Welsh courts should have "primary responsibility" in interpreting the convention.
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I sometimes tell people that it was the Happy Cog Blogger template project that got me into theming. Specifically one blog post about it by one of the designers that made me think, "Whoah! Theming for thousands of people is a really cool design problem that I'd love to tackle!" Of course, I totally forgot what that blog post was and never mentioned it anywhere that was easy to retrieve. Like a blog. This was a full two years before I started blogging so maybe I can excuse myself that way.
Anyway, it turns out it was two blog posts that inspired me. Dan Rubin's post puts into words something that I still find exciting about theming.
The number of people who will make use of these templates is astounding (it's already started), and the web is going to be a much better place for the effort (just think of the hundreds of thousands of sites that will soon be using well-designed standards-based markup!).
And the trick, according to Dan, is still the same.
Design something visually fetching, but not too personal (the primary function is a reusable template, which might display many different types of content), yet individual enough to inspire someone to actually use it.
It's harder than it looks.
There's maybe less excitement in Dan Cederholm's post about his TicTac template but it's his concern over the header that I remember the most.
Extra care was taken to ensure the design would be flexible enough for any amount of content at any text size. For example, the header uses a vertical version of the Sliding Doors technique (sliding windows?), where if the Blogger user has a long site title, or if the user bumps up the text size, the header graphic (separated into two pieces) willl "spread apart" to accomodate it.
I thought this was just amazing in 2004. I still do. It's one of the central concerns of any good WordPress themer. Making sure everything just works for bloggers. It's never boring.
Ironically, when I got around to finally blogging two years later I never did use these templates. I used Doug Bowman's Minima template. It's a design marvel. In 2007 Jeffrey Zeldman called it the Helvetica of web design "magically supporting whatever tone the content provides."
Douglas Bowman's white "Minima" layout for Blogger, used by literally millions of writers—and it feels like it was designed for each of them individually. That is great design.
He's right.
So there you go. My WordPress theming inspiration: 8-year old Blogger templates. 🙂


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Eugenical Sterilization in the United States (1922), by Harry H. Laughlin
Eugenical Sterilization in the United States is a 1922 book in which author Harry H. Laughlin argues for the necessity of compulsory sterilization in the United States based on the principles of eugenics. The eugenics movement of the early twentieth century in the US focused on altering the genetic makeup of the US population by regulating immigration and sterilization, and by discouraging interracial procreation, then called miscegenation.
Format: Articles
Subject: Outreach, Legal, Ethics, Publications
"Hybrids and Chimeras: A report on the findings of the consultation" by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in October, 2007
In 2007, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in London, UK, published Hybrids and Chimeras: A Report on the Findings of the Consultation, which summarized a public debate about research on, and suggested policy for, human animal chimeras. The HFEA formulated the report after conducting a series of surveys and debates from earlier in 2007. The HFEA issued a statement in September 2007, followed by an official report published on 1 October 2007. Their report on human-animal chimeras set a worldwide precedent for discussions of the ethical use of those embryos in labs.
Format: Articles
Subject: Publications, Legal, Outreach


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This is the place selections for place betting on betfair. Our tip is to wait for the off then bet in play on your selection on the best market upswing from the card below.
This Race is taking place on Monday 18th September 2023 at 15:05. The race has not been run yet please check back later for the results.
At this moment BeTThomas thinks that
(13) Billaki Mou 54.17%
will place in this race.
We also think that (4) Habanero Star 52.94% , has a great chance of placing This may change so keep checking before the off.
All races at Brighton by time. is a maiden race.
BetThomas is extremely accurate at selecting the winner from these type of races.
Below is our horse ratings for this Brighton 15:05 Handicap (Class 6) 10f race.
Our system thinks that this runner will 100% place in the race this changes so please keep an eye on this just before the race or in play.
more winning returns - view our history of horse racing winning returns.


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There is a jambalaya entree at Ethel's Creole Kitchen that you have to have. By that, I mean pick up the phone and make a reservation.
As prepared in Ed Bloom's Mount Washington kitchen, the jambalaya is the kind of dish that makes you realize that just about everyone else gets it wrong. Jambalaya isn't a quick-fix dish, where you dump a bunch of seafood and sausage over yellow rice. It's a slow-baked affair, made aromatic by the addition of a mirepoix — the Cajun's combination of chopped celery, onion and carrots — and made delicious by the confident application of first-rate seafood, tender chicken and pan-seared sausage.
Ethel's jambalaya is one of the best single-dish meals in Baltimore; Ethel's gumbo is another.
Bloom bolsters his gumbo with a serious roux, the combination of flour and fat that every great gumbo must have, and he elevates it to a dream dish with a combination of meat and seafood stocks. That's the hard part of gumbo-making. From there, the addition of quality chicken, shrimp, sausage or crab meat is child's play.
The jambalaya and the gumbo are the highlights, but we loved everything we had at Ethel's Creole Kitchen, which is the new name for the recently remodeled Mount Washington restaurant formerly known as Ethel and Ramone's.
We had a fun time, too, at Ethel's Creole Kitchen, which has more breathing room than did Ethel and Ramone's. The restaurant closed for renovations last fall, a few months after Bloom and his business partner, Jeff Berkow, purchased the Sulgrave Avenue building that they had been leasing.
Decorated with photographs of New Orleans and the owners' personal artifacts, including a collection of vintage guitars, the dining rooms remain as cozy and warm as they had been. There are two major improvements — a new upstairs dining porch and a much-enlarged kitchen — that make the restaurant feel more comfortable.
There was a quartet of fine appetizers — savory smoked bluefish served on crisp ciabatta crostini; plump oysters, dusted with Old Bay-seasoned flour and fried to a delicate crisp; a tender red pepper, fire-roasted and stuffed with a warm and mellow mixture of andouille sausage, peppers and onions; and a trio of miniature crab cakes, which are more like purses of lump meat, held together with culinary science, broiled to a golden brown and served with a pickle-y remoulade.
We can recommend the other two entrees we tried — the succulent NOLA (as in New Orleans), a pan-roasted (or "pan-bronzed" to use the menu's evocative phrase) chicken breast in a roasted red bell pepper sauce, and the cast-iron rack of spring lamb, served with a blackberry demi glace that you'd gladly eat out of a jar.
This food sounds filling, but it's not. Good food seldom is. So don't be surprised if you hear yourself saying "yes" to dessert. You won't be sorry. The bread pudding is simple — basically a hard sauce over day-old challah — and the cheesecake, with Luxardo cherry sauce, is simply to die for.
Liquor helps the good mood. Ethel's now has a full liquor license — the old incarnation only served beer and wine. Now you can relax with a Sazerac, the wonderful New Orleans elixir of rye, absinthe and bitters, or a Vieux Carre, a lip-tingling concoction made with rye, cognac, sweet vermouth, Benedictine and bitters.
The beer list is short and to the point — bottles of regional brews from Heavy Seas and Dogfish and from New Orleans' Dixie Brewing Co. The wine list is designed for people who don't like to pay a lot for decent wine. There's a Rhone blend from Le Coc Rouge for $6 a glass that's all you need.
The new Ethel's has a proper bar, which doubles as a dining counter, with a view right into the kitchen. This setup helps to build an instant rapport, even affection, between the staff and the patrons. And this good feeling permeates the dining room. The wait staff is patient and sweet-natured. Diners smile at each other and recommend dishes.
"Make sure you get the collard greens," the folks at the next table might tell you. "Really, get them." Now I'm telling you: Get a side of collard greens. Maybe get two sides, one to eat at Ethel's and another to take home.
What's the secret to great collard greens?
As always, in cases like this, when something tastes like you've died and gone to heaven, we suspect bacon fat. And that's just what it was.
Ethel's Creole Kitchen
Rating: 4 stars
Where: 1615 Sulgrave Ave., Mount Washington
Contact: 410-664-2971, ethelscreolekitchen.com
Open: 11 a.m. to 3 p.m., 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. Sundays; 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., 5 p.m. to 10 p.m. Tuesdays through Thursdays; 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., 5 p.m. to 11 p.m. Fridays and Saturdays
Prices: Appetizers: $9-$14; Entrees: $15-$25
Food: New Orleans-inspired Creole and Cajun cuisine, by way of the Chesapeake
Dish Baltimore
Service: Friendly and enthusiastic
Parking/accessibility: $5 valet parking Thursday through Saturday night; street parking at other times. Steps in front, ramp on side.
Children: There is no children's menu, but the staff can accommodate children's tastes.
Special diets: The staff is informed about gluten and tree-nut allergens on menu items.
Noise level/televisions: Normal conversation is mostly fine in the main dining room downstairs but can get harder when the room is full. There are two televisions at the bar, which typically have their volume turned off.
[Star key: Superlative: 5; Excellent: 4; Very Good: 3; Good: 2; Promising: 1]
Nearby reviews: Dish Baltimore - Mount Washington


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How to install gate latch?
The Magna Latch type of gate latch is brilliant. By placing the knob at least 54" off the ground, and requiring an upward pull on the knob to open the gate, you've easily removed persons of less than 3' tall from danger.
Magna Latch fence latches are code compliant, and they self close and self latch your pool fence gate. It does this by means of patented enclosed gate hinges. Designed to fit metal, wood or vinyl fencing, of 4 - 6 foot in height.
To install America's best pool gate latch, you install the striker plate onto the swinging gate, and two mounting brackets to hold the latch body. It's a quick installation, should take no more than 10 minutes.
Gettting Ready
- Be sure that gate is square, and not sagging. Take the time now to fix any issues with the hinges.
- If your fence is not already self-closing and self-latching, you can install the Magna Latch hinges.
- The gap between fence and post can be between 3/8" and 1-7/16". A 3/4" gap is ideal.
- Pool gates must open outward. Install Magna Latch on the Outside of the pool fence.
Installing the Magna Latch
- Measure up from the ground 36-3/8", and mark the fence for Bracket "A". Use screws provided to install bracket into fence post. For aluminum fences, drill pilot holes for the screws.
- Measure up from Bracket "A", 13-3/8", and mark the fence for Bracket "B". Use screws to secure bracket into fence post.
- Slide the Latch Body over the Mounting Brackets "A" and "B", until it locks into place.
- Install the Striker Body onto the gate post. Adjust and align, then tighten into place.
Here's a short video of the Magna Latch installation.
See our complete collection of Magna Latch pool fence latches and gate hinges.
If you would like to Guest Post on our Pool Blog ~ or for permission to repost our Pool Blog on
your website, or if you have a question please contact the author by the email link at the top of the page. Thank you


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Monday, June 3, 2013
A Star Wars Guide to #ISTE13
8 comments:
Absolutely hilarious!ReplyDelete
See you in San Antonio!
Greetings from a fellow Star Wars fan and nerd. I too spent time watching the movies, thinking about how long it has been since the first one came out.ReplyDelete
You have done a brilliant job of using SW quotes to highlight great advice. So much of what you say rings true for many of us.
Will be sharing your blog with others.
Thanks from AZ.
Kim T.
Like this, I do; accurate it is.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJune 6, 2013 at 10:09 AM
Great suggestions! I'm unable to attend ISTE so will be following the Tweeter feed!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJune 12, 2013 at 2:45 PM
Just another relevant quote to add to the collection: "Always pass on what you have learned." - YodaReplyDelete
ISTE can be such a helpful, resourceful arena to discuss pertinent education topics. It's always great to relay on what you've learned to other educators, as well!
Sarah Zibanejadrad
American College of Education Blog
Last year was my first ISTE and much of what you have said brought back memories (good and bad).ReplyDelete
Especially your comment: "You are going to be surrounded by some of the nerdiest people in the country that care about all of the same things you do."
At "home", I am the nerdy one. At #ISTE... "we" are everywhere :)
It is so easy to just "go along with the crowd" at ISTE or just go to the "Big Name" talks - I highly agree that your should try out some unknowns for awhile.ReplyDelete
I stumbled across this, and I was listening to The Piano Guys on Rdio. Well, the song that was playing was "Cello Wars." If you haven't seen the video on YouTube, you HAVE to watch it. The cello bows are light sabers. I mean, seriously, need I say more? ;) It's a medley of "The Imperial March" and some other songs from the movies, and it's AWESOME! (Just search for "piano guys" and "cello wars" on YouTube).ReplyDelete
How fitting!
I'll be back later to read more! :)


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Our personalized and original kids thermos feature a double-wall insulation to keep drinks refreshingly cold up to 12 hours. Grab our A Castle in the Sky personalized thermos today to keep your kids hydrated all year long. Our colorful and exclusive designs will be personalized with your choice of name.
- What's included in the price: One 12oz thermos.
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- Size: 7.4" High x 2.6" Diameter
- Care instructions: Handwash • Do not use abrasive sponges.


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Christmachine Audio Reference Music Server – Social Media Icons Explained ~
Christmachine social media Icons Simplified…It is necessary to do two posts in quick succession before I start unloading all of the Christmachine Audio Reference Server Quality Standards Catalog recommended as best sources to seek out for your listening pleasure.
I will start with an explanation of the second post which will follow soon after (above) this one, just so you know why, as well as my reasoning for this approach. The following post will be a rundown of the gear / rig(s) that I have been using for the last two years. It is somewhat similar to an earlier post a few years back (which I will link to below) except for the different Digital Audio Players (DAP's – More than one) and there updated specs, that have improved the sound quality without my taking a major hit in price to upgrade. It's not super cheap to be fair, but I would say within the price range for anyone who already spends money on gear and music already.
You could do with what gear you already have on hand, even go a whole different route and purchase gear within your price range as well as what sounds good to your ears. You just have to know that your gear supports the formats you get (Easy: see your device specs), and that if you are going to listen to high bitrates that the doc / dacs (Digital To Analog Converter(s)) have to also be able to support and output the quality (# Bit Depth / kHz Sample Rate) of the audio files.
If the file formats are not supported then a little research is needed to convert and preserve the integrity of the files. If the internal dac / dacs downsample the audio, it will still sound Very Good at say (16/44) but you will not be making use of the full range of sound afforded by the recordings.
If 16/44 is enough for you then you will have the highest quality 16/44 around, he heh! Make it fun anyway and compare to your CD versions as well as any digital files such as .mp3's or .mp4's, notice any differences. Remember that listening tastes change over time, according to your current perspective (mood/biases), and is greatly affected by ambient noise in your surroundings. It does not have to be maniacal, whatever floats the boat, right–yeah!
So the next post will show you my reference / listening gear, so that you can get a general idea as to how I listen and made the decisions for this standardized "Christmachine: Audio Reference Server Catalog". The three key words to remember are "Reference", "Standard", and "catalog". These reviews are from "my" personal "reference catalog". Therefore it is my subjective opinion as to the "standard". It's not rocket science.
The fun again, is comparing and contrasting different audio sources and training your ears and brain through a critical listening process that will mature over time. You can learn this on your own, i.e. by say focusing on the individual instruments and differeing sound signatures, etc. inside and between various recordings of the same piece of music mastered for each specific medium and format.
Keep in mind that the recordings must be of the same sessions or you will then be getting into a whole other realm, known as artist interpretations. These are quite common in Classical Music, for example, for different musicians, conductors, or composers interpreting a standard legacy piece (Say Mozart's "Requiem" or Vivaldi's "Four Seasons" or Beethoven's 9th Symphony) differently or according to how they believe it should be represented or played. That's another realm of exploration, but I digress.
You already own…right now, "your own" personal reference catalog and may not think of it that way. These are just meant to be my personal recommendations, if you want to attempt to take the music to another level. If you listen to one or two or three and disagree, happy where your at, then great. You can always use this site (or not 😉 ) as a reference, and be solid in your opinion…."knowing" where you think I am wrong.
Here is the link I referred to above for reference to my previous rig…
Next I just want to take a moment to explain the social media icons, located in the upper right hand corner wedge on all the pages of this website. There is a reason the icons visual logos do not correspond to the correct link and take you to another of my social media graveyards…heh. For example the first icon that represents "Linked In" will take you to my twitter page…the reason being that I do not put those icons there to redirect you somewhere else to mess with you. I do it because, having the right icon for each link just means more traffic and I am not doing this for clicks. This is a archive website, no frills, not trying to break the net.
So below this paragraph I will post all the links in the order that they are represented in the corresponding icons. If you want to click on these links to check them out, then you can just ignore the social media icons. Most of the links are graveyards (save for a few), as I said earlier, but they will be used heavily once I get this website really full of fresh content and reviews.
Another thing there are some other links that readers have been going to via search engines thinking that they are mine. A few are not, and that is why I am explaining and posting all the links here. For example…there is more than one Christmachine Youtube account…so now you will be able to see the right one, same for FB, and a few others.
Also there are a few links that I use daily, so I added them to the icons and are not my pages, but use them for reference for say Discogs and Wiki Languages and Omniglot. Some of them like Discogs are there because I reference then a lot in regards to this website, and obviously you can use them too, for cross reference and search. The Dynamic Range Database is in there as well…again, pertinent to this website. So here they are for our reference. All the links below are hot but open in a new tab, so be aware of that if you are on mobile. Stay well!
DR – Dynamic Range Database:
Christmachine Google Image Search:
Christmachine WordPress.com:
Christmachine RSS Feed:
(You must have a RSS Reader Installed / Or Shared Links On Mac)
Wikipedia Languages:
There you have it…Current Rig post up next! And then… 😉 🙂 😉
Thanks For Reading & All Your Endless Support!
Love You Lots! Stay Well, Be Kind & Bless.
Tak Tak, Bless!
Grazie, Ciao!
Obrigadx, Tchau! Adeus!
Gracias, Adios!
Danke, Tchuss!
Merci, Au revoir!
Dank je…Bedankt, Alstublieft!
Merci Vilmal, Adeau!
Gracies, Adieu!
Gracies, Adeu!
Please do not reproduce this article either all or in part without the expressed written permission of the (nutty) author who can be reached via the "Contact" section in the header menu. You may link to the article if you wish, all that we ask is that you give credit to the respective author…"Christmachine" wherever you post a link. Thank you.
Copyright © 2017 Christmachine. All Rights Reserved.
©2014 – 2020 Christmachine ☕


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NBM Scarf Etoile Tile Pattern
Among the smallest and most visually engaging works in the National Building Museum's permanent collection are dozens of late 19th-century American and English ceramic tiles. A number of these beautiful pieces was on display in Cityscapes Revealed: Highlights from the Collection, and one of them served as inspiration for an offering in the Museum Shop's expanding line of customized products. The design of the textured silk-and-wool scarf is a repeating floral and geometric pattern fashioned from the tile.
The tile was manufactured around 1885 by Minton's China Works, located in Stoke-on-Trent, England. Wedgewood, Royal Doulton, and Minton, to name a few of the most famous English pottery manufacturers, were all founded and located in Stoke, which remains the center of the English earthenware industry. Founded in 1793 by Thomas Minton, the company was well known for its tableware and ornamental porcelains before embarking on tile production in 1845.
scarf detail
Material: silk and wool blend
Code: 40920
Member price: $54.00


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After President Obama left for a three day Florida golf vacation that included a round with Tiger Woods, the White House announced his latest immigration plan. Two weeks ago in Las Vegas, Obama threatened Congress that if it didn't introduce legislation to grant permanent residency and eventually citizenship to 11 million illegal aliens by March, he'd launch his own.
Immediately after Obama's announcement, coyly referred to by his public relations staff as a "back up plan," Republicans pounced. Since there are ongoing immigration negotiations in the House and Senate, many legislators questioned Obama's motives. They wondered out loud about why the White House would the leak an outline to the nation's most widely read newspaper, USA Today, and risk disrupting the current talks. Senator John McCain, one of the "Gang of Eight" immigration advocates, speculated that Obama isn't as interested in working with Congress on an achievable bill but rather gaining as many congressional Democratic seats as possible in the 2014 mid-term elections.
The summary, drafted by Obama's aides with input from the open borders lobby and immigration lawyers, was generous on amnesty but lacking on enforcement, a key congressional provision.
Obama's bill would create a new "Lawful Prospective Immigrant" visa, hardly what the United States needs since the State Department already issues more than 50 visas for every imaginable work or non-work category. In addition to granting permanent legal residency, the visas would also convey immediate work authorization. More than 11 million previously unemployable aliens (because of their immigration status) would become work eligible and thus further dilute an already too tight labor market for the 20 million unemployed or under-employed Americans. Those most adversely impacted would be society's vulnerable-unemployed Hispanics and blacks.
The immigration talks have repeatedly emphasized that aliens granted permanent residency would go to "the back of the line" for citizenship. Even if this turned out to be true, it's inconsequential to Americans trying to find a job or switch to a higher paying position. Under Obama's vision, work authorization becomes instantly available.
Florida Senator and "Gang of Eight" member Marco Rubio predicted that if Obama's plan reached Congress, it would be "dead on arrival." McCain concurred.
Obama's ill-timed announcement further gums up what is already a sticky situation. Despite the Senate's happy talk about how smoothly the immigration talks are proceeding, the opposite is true. From the beginning, Rubio has insisted that the federal government must submit irrefutable evidence that the border is secure before the Senate will act. But no sooner did Rubio utter the words "border security" than another of his "Gang of Eight" colleagues, New York Senator Chuck Schumer, overruled him. A secure border, said Schumer, would not be one of the amnesty "triggers."
Moreover, two groups essential to an agreement and previously rumored to be working in tandem-the AFL-CIO and the Chamber of Commerce-have sharply different opinions about guest worker programs. A February 15 deadline for an accord has passed with the two sides, according to one source involved in the talks, "not even speaking the same language."
Historically, passing immigration reform has been rough sledding. In 2006 and 2007, bills nearly identical Obama's failed despite early fanfare. One reason: amnesty for illegal aliens is a low priority for mainstream Americas, including Hispanics. According to a Pew Hispanic Center study, immigration ranks 17th in importance behind, among other issues, jobs, the economy, education and health care.
Even though the immigration dialogue has a long way to go, the road ahead will be rocky with an accord looking less likely every day.


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20 April 2009
NO, It Can't Wait! (Backup now)
On Facebook this past week, one of Ol' Myrt's southern California genealogy friends was lamenting the process of attempting to access her data files on her old computer which was barely limping along -- a problem that had necessitated the purchase of a new computer.
This points up the importance of backing up all our data files on a regular basis.
We never know when our trusty computers will decide to hiccup and fail.
Ol' Myrt's suggestion was to remove the hard drive from the old computer and insert it in a case that has two cords, one to power the hard drive and a second to attach to her new computer via an USB port. Tiger Direct has a variety of such hard drive enclosures, that range from $14-$70 depending on the size and number of bays.
Of course, this solution only works if the problem with the old computer ISN'T the hard drive. What usually fails on my computers is something like a defective mother board, or a bad power supply. I've only had a hard drive fail once since the late 1980s and I did have copies of all my data files except for the previous three days' work.
Carol Richey is a freelance writer from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who learned about the importance of making frequent backups the hard way. She suggests "Follow the "Rule of Two" and choose two backup options to protect your research. Don't wait until its too late!" See Carol's article "Not it Can't Wait" in Discovering Family History, Jan/Feb 2009. Pages 49-51. Carol looks at choices from CDs and DVDs to online backup solutions. (Ol' Myrt's stuff would never fit on even the currently largest available flash drives.)
So Ol' Myrt's question for her DearREADERS is what backup strategies have you instituted in case of computer failure to either backup or copy the document files, photos, scanned images and genealogy data files on your existing computer system?
Post your comments in reply to this blog entry, and let's see what ideas are working for you.
Happy family tree climbing!
Myrt :)
Your friend in genealogy.
12 comments:
- Unknown said...
I back up my system to an external hard drive and all of my geni data to 2 differnt thumb drives. I take no chances with this data as I don't want to type it ever again.
- April 20, 2009 4:32 PM
- DearMYRTLE said...
I agree that the "typing it all in again" from scratch isn't something Ol' Myrt would like to do either. THANKS, Robert for sharing.
- April 20, 2009 4:40 PM
- TALON said...
I also do the same as Robert (Greg). I back up all my data to both an external hard drive and a thumb drive. I recently bought Rootsmagic 4 and with its new feature of "Roots-to-go" it makes backing up to externals and thumbdrives a snap, plus it gives you the ability to go to a different computer without the RootsMagic program and continue your work. Very convenient.
- April 20, 2009 5:06 PM
It seems like this is a common topic lately. Cina, on the Ohana Insights Blog, just wrote about the same thing. As for me, I have start using Heritage Collector for backing up pictures and archiving. The program lets you save onto CDs or a hard drive. Then later you can search for any file (even if it is on a backup CD in the closet), and it will tell you exactly where to find it. This is SOO helpful. I had already lost hundreds of photos due to a computer crash before I started using it.
- April 20, 2009 8:06 PM
- DearMYRTLE said...
Hiya 20Min!
THANKS for sharing. Isn't it amazing what Bruce Buzbee has done in the new version of RootsMagic? He has provided a much needed method for copying our genealogy data (typed info, notes, and attached documents).
We've got to also back up all our Word docs, and .pdf files of Digital Genealogist, email, and all those photos we're not attaching to ancestors.
Ol' Myrt here was just thinking today, after posting the blog entry, that I have created a lot of documents with my new work as 1st Vice President of the Utah Genealogical Association.
I wouldn't want to lose those.
In fact, some of the forms I created in Word when I served on the Board of the Manasota Genealogical Society (in Bradenton, FL) are now being repurposed in my UGA work. Thank heavens I had copies of those old things.
So a global backup or copy must be considered.
It all depends on what tasks a person uses his computer for. I have a friend who uses his old one only for QuickBooks. So in that case, the built-in QuickBooks backup would suffice.
- April 20, 2009 8:46 PM
- Unknown said...
All my genealogical records were stored on three hard drives all housed in the same computer. I backed up from one drive to the others religiously. This worked well until one day a burst water pipe leaked through the ceiling and the computer which was sighted below the burst and fifteen feet to the left of it got wet. the smell of burning electrics told a sad tale as motherboard, CPU, and hardrives all erupted. The controlers on each drive blew and the drives subsequently became unaccessable. All data may still be on there but I can't reach it. The moral of this story is back up to another location away from the original computer. A friend of mine now stores backups from me on his computer and I have his on mine. We also back up onto memory sticks and CD. It's too late once it's happened so beware.
Kind Regards Malcolm
- April 21, 2009 7:57 AM
- DearMYRTLE said...
Your story is heartbreaking.
Thank-you for pointing out the importance of storing a copy of our backup "off site" so that if one place is is wiped out, a copy elsewhere survives.
When my father was alive, I sent backup discs (later CDs then DVDs) to him. I lived in Florida, he lived in Washington state.
I figured if we both got wiped out, we'd have angels to fill in the blanks on our pedigree charts.
Later, when I became Dad and Blanche's care giver during their time on hospice, I found all those backup discs neatly filed in a drawer in dad's computer room, most recent in front.
Dad always said he didn't know what he'd do with them, but he understood the necessity of having a copy of our genealogy elsewhere in case of disaster.
By the way, in Florida the major highways have signs that read "hurricane evacuation route" that our friends within harms way had to use during "Andrew" and "Charlie".
Fortunately, we never had to use the similarly signaged "Earthquake Evacuation" routes in Washington State.
Myrt :)
- April 21, 2009 9:19 AM
- Patti Hobbs said...
I don't have a backup plan. Unfortunately or fortunately, I've had the same experience as you, Myrt, that I've never lost a hard drive. You can even get OS software corruptions and be able to access the data. I do have almost all my stuff on an external hard drive because that's where I save a lot of it eventually. It's not an official backing up process, but just as I "organize" things, I end up duplicating them elsewhere in the more organized place. However, I had heard about and wanted to investigate the free backing up software that I've heard about but have also forgotten the exact name of. If you have your own web hosting service, which I do, there's no point in paying for an online back up service. I think this software has some sort of file structuring which then allows you to upload that structure regularly.
- April 21, 2009 4:04 PM
- DearMYRTLE said...
Hiya Patti,
Ol' Myrt here misses the ProGen2 Study Group. You are a strong leader there.
Glad you found me on this blog over here.
You are right to consider the unused space on your web server.
However, be sure to place your files in a "private" folder, and activate a robot that does not permit Google and other search engines to spider those pages.
It simply wouldn't do for my personal memoirs to be discovered by Google. Those stories aren't going to be published until long after I've gone to the other side.
Thanks for the feedback, and for moving the "backing up" conversation forward.
Myrt :)
- April 21, 2009 4:32 PM
- Unknown said...
I good backup choice is online backups. The backups are done through the internet essentially as the files are changed, automatically though the internet. Versions are kept typically for 30-45 days. Carbonite and Mozy are both good choices, and cost $5/month or less.
- April 22, 2009 11:12 AM
- DearMYRTLE said...
THANKS for your posting Lee. Peace of mind is certainly worth $5 per month.
- April 22, 2009 12:12 PM
- webseos said...
The fast, free, fun way to create your family tree with your relatives and stay in touch. Build your Free family trees website online.
- September 14, 2009 12:04 AM


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Health workers in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger - the three countries selected for introduction of the vaccine - are preparing for country-wide campaigns set for December, having just completed a limited pilot phase.
"This vaccine, which targets the bacterium [meningococcus A] most frequently causing epidemics, is about preventing epidemics, not waiting, then reacting," Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey of the Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP) in Burkina Faso told IRIN. Up to now countries in the region vaccinated communities only once an outbreak had started.
Routine vaccinations with polysaccharide vaccine - used hitherto in the region - were not viable because the vaccine protects for only two to three years, and is not effective in children under two.
The just-launched meningococcal A conjugate vaccine - developed by Serum Institute of India under a partnership by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the international NGO PATH - provides protection for 10 years.
"To achieve a vaccine four times stronger than existing ones, at 200 CFA francs per dose, [40 US cents, compared to about US$1 for past vaccines] and which will protect for 10 years, is truly a revolution for public health," Djingarey said.
"This will allow countries to avoid huge meningitis A epidemics and save their resources for other public health needs." Health experts note that the infection will circulate less with the new vaccine, thereby protecting even non-vaccinated populations from the disease, one of the region's greatest public health burdens.
The so-called "meningitis belt" of sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal to Ethiopia, has the world's highest rates of meningitis, with epidemics generally coming in the dry season from December to June. In 2009, 14 African countries reported 88,199 suspected cases with at least 4,050 deaths, according to WHO.
Different strains
While meningitis A is the most common cause of epidemics, other strains emerge some years as well, such as W135 in Chad in 2009 and strain X in Burkina Faso earlier this year.
Countries still must be ready to react with vaccination campaigns for other strains of meningitis and in this sense preparedness remains a challenge, health experts say.
But meningitis A has by far been the biggest problem, said Marie-Pierre Preziosi, medical officer with the product research and development team in WHO's immunization, vaccines and biologicals department.
"Meningitis A is responsible for nearly all of the epidemics in the past century - so while there are other strains that emerge… there has never been another strain that has been so prominent," she told IRIN.
Funding gaps
Funding constraints have threatened meningitis vaccine supplies in the past and money is needed to fully roll out the new vaccine, Preziosi said. "There are sufficient doses available of the meningococcal A conjugate vaccine to start the nationwide campaigns in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, but there is a funding gap of $475 million to complete these drives and to roll out in the other meningitis belt countries."
Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger were selected as the first countries to introduce the vaccine due primarily to their high prevalence of meningitis as well as their capacity to carry out mass vaccination campaigns.
This article was produced by IRIN News while it was part of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Please send queries on copyright or liability to the UN. For more information: https://shop.un.org/rights-permissions


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Vegetable oil fuel
Vegetable oil can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engines and in heating oil burners. When vegetable oil is used directly as a fuel, in either modified or unmodified equipment, it is referred to as straight vegetable oil (SVO) or pure plant oil (PPO). Conventional diesel engines can be modified to help ensure that the viscosity of the vegetable oil is low enough to allow proper atomization of the fuel. This prevents incomplete combustion, which would damage the engine by causing a build-up of carbon. Straight vegetable oil can also be blended with conventional diesel or processed into biodiesel, HVO or bioliquids for use under a wider range of conditions.
Rudolf Diesel was the father of the engine which bears his name. His first attempts were to design an engine to run on coal dust, but he later designed his engine to run on vegetable oil. The idea, he hoped, would make his engines more attractive to farmers having a source of fuel readily available. In a 1912 presentation to the British Institute of Mechanical Engineers, he cited a number of efforts in this area and remarked, "The fact that fat oils from vegetable sources can be used may seem insignificant today, but such oils may perhaps become in course of time of the same importance as some natural mineral oils and the tar products are now."[1]
Periodic petroleum shortages spurred research into vegetable oil as a diesel substitute during the 1930s and 1940s, and again in the 1970s and early 1980s when straight vegetable oil enjoyed its highest level of scientific interest. The 1970s also saw the formation of the first commercial enterprise to allow consumers to run straight vegetable oil in their automobiles, Elsbett of West Germany. In the 1990s Bougainville conflict, islanders cut off from oil supplies due to a blockade fueled their vehicles with coconut oil.[2]
Application and usability[edit]
Modified fuel systems[edit]
Most diesel car engines are suitable for the use of straight vegetable oil (SVO), also commonly called pure plant oil (PPO), with certain modifications. Principally, the viscosity and surface tension of the SVO/PPO must be reduced by preheating it, typically by using waste heat from the engine or electricity; otherwise, poor atomization, incomplete combustion, and carbonization may result. One common solution is to add a heat exchanger and an additional fuel tank for the petrodiesel or biodiesel blend and to switch between this additional tank and the main tank of SVO/PPO. The engine is started on diesel, switched over to vegetable oil as soon as it is warmed up, and switched back to diesel shortly before being switched off to ensure that no vegetable oil remains in the engine or fuel lines when it is started from cold again. In colder climates it is often necessary to heat the vegetable oil fuel lines and tank as it can become very viscous and even solidify.
Single-tank conversions were developed largely in Germany and are now used throughout Europe. These conversions are designed to provide reliable operation with rapeseed oil that meets the German rapeseed oil fuel standard DIN 51605. Modifications to the engine's cold start regime assist combustion on start up and during the engine warm up phase. Suitably modified indirect injection (IDI) engines have proven to be operable with 100% PPO down to temperatures of −10 °C (14 °F). Direct injection (DI) engines generally have to be preheated with a block heater or diesel fired heater. The exception is the VW TDI (Turbocharged Direct Injection) engine for which a number of German companies offer single-tank conversions. For long-term durability it has been found necessary to decrease the oil change interval and pay increased attention to engine maintenance.
Unmodified indirect injection engines[edit]
Many cars powered by indirect injection engines supplied by in-line injection pumps, or mechanical Bosch injection pumps are capable of running on pure SVO/PPO in all but winter temperatures. The most popular of these are the OM616 and OM617 engines found in the Mercedes-Benz W123 and W124 vehicles manufactured from 1980 through 1985. Indirect injection Mercedes-Benz vehicles with in-line injection pumps and cars featuring the PSA XUD engine tend to perform reasonably, especially as the latter is normally equipped with a coolant heated fuel filter. Engine reliability would depend on the condition of the engine. Attention to maintenance of the engine, particularly of the fuel injectors, cooling system and glow plugs will help to provide longevity. Ideally the engine would be converted.[3]
Vegetable oil blending[edit]
The relatively high kinematic viscosity of vegetable oils must be reduced to make them compatible with conventional compression-ignition engines and fuel systems. Cosolvent blending is a low-cost and easy-to-adapt technology that reduces viscosity by diluting the vegetable oil with a low-molecular-weight solvent.[4] This blending, or "cutting", has been done with diesel fuel, kerosene, and gasoline, among others; however, opinions vary as to the efficacy of this. Noted problems include higher rates of wear and failure in fuel pumps and piston rings when using blends.[3]
Home heating[edit]
When liquid fuels made from biomass are used for energy purposes other than transport, they are called bioliquids or biofuels.[5]
With often minimal modification, most residential furnaces and boilers that are designed to burn No. 2 heating oil can be made to burn either biodiesel or filtered, preheated waste vegetable oil (WVO). New standard oil burners are certified to operate on 20% biodiesel (B-20). Higher blends are possible with care, since biodiesel tends to liberate existing tarry deposits in fuel tank, which may tend to clog one or more filters. Conventional oil burners tend to clog and char if more than a smaller fraction of vegetable oil is mixed with conventional oil fuel. If the vegetable oil is cleaned at home by the consumer, WVO can result in considerable savings. Many restaurants will receive a minimal amount for their used cooking oil, and processing to a biofuel is fairly simple and inexpensive. Making the oil into biodiesel involves some toxic and hazardous chemical transformations. Burning filtered WVO directly is somewhat more problematic, since it is more viscous and has a higher ignition temperature; nonetheless, its burning can be accomplished with suitable preheating or burners designed to operate on it. WVO can thus be an economical heating option for those with the necessary mechanical and experimental aptitude.
Combined heat and power[edit]
A number of companies offer compression ignition engine generators optimized to run on plant oils where the waste engine heat is recovered for heating.
The main form of SVO/PPO used in the UK is rapeseed oil (also known as canola oil, primarily in the United States and Canada) which has a freezing point of −10 °C (14 °F).[citation needed] However the use of sunflower oil, which gels at around −12 °C (10 °F),[6] is currently being investigated as a means of improving cold-weather starting. However, oils with lower gelling points tend to be less saturated (leading to a higher iodine number) and polymerize more easily in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
Material compatibility[edit]
Polymerization also has been consequentially linked to catastrophic component failures such as injection pump shaft seizure and breakage, injector tip failure leading to various and/or combustion chamber components damaged. Most metallurgical problems such as corrosion and electrolysis are related to water-based contamination or poor choices of plumbing (such as copper or zinc) which can cause gelling – even with petroleum-based fuels.
Temperature effects[edit]
Some Pacific island nations are using coconut oil as fuel to reduce their expenses and their dependence on imported fuels while helping stabilize the coconut oil market. Coconut oil is only usable where temperatures do not drop below 17 degrees Celsius (63 degrees Fahrenheit), unless two-tank SVO/PPO kits or other tank-heating accessories, etc. are used. The same techniques developed to use, for example, canola and other oils in cold climates can be implemented to make coconut oil usable in temperatures lower than 17 degrees Celsius (63 degrees Fahrenheit)
Recycled vegetable oil[edit]
Recycled vegetable oil, also termed used vegetable oil (UVO), waste vegetable oil (WVO), used cooking oil (UCO),[7] or yellow grease (in commodities exchange), is recovered from businesses and industry that use the oil for cooking.
As of 2000[update], the United States was producing in excess of 11 billion liters (2.9 billion U.S. gallons) of recycled vegetable oil annually, mainly from industrial deep fryers in potato processing plants, snack food factories, and fast food restaurants. If all those 11 billion liters could be recycled and used to replace the energy equivalent amount of petroleum (an ideal case), almost 1% of US oil consumption could be offset.[8] Utilizing recycled vegetable oil as a replacement for standard petroleum-derived fuels like gasoline would reduce the price of gasoline by preserving the supply of petroleum.
Virgin vegetable oil[edit]
Virgin vegetable oil, also termed pure plant oil or straight vegetable oil, is extracted from plants solely for use as fuel. In contrast to used vegetable oil, is not a byproduct of other industries, and thus its prospects for use as fuel are not limited by the capacities of other industries.[citation needed] Production of vegetable oils for use as fuels is theoretically limited only by the agricultural capacity of a given economy. However, doing so detracts from the supply of other uses of pure vegetable oil.
Legal implications[edit]
Taxation of fuel[edit]
Taxation on SVO/PPO as a road fuel varies from country to country. It is possible that the revenue departments in many countries are even unaware of its use or consider it too insignificant to legislate. Germany used to have 0% taxation, resulting in it being a leader in most developments of the fuel use.
See also[edit]
- Biodiesel by region
- Bioliquids
- Civic amenity site; collection point for waste vegetable oil
- Cooking oil
- Dimethyl ether: another diesel fuel alternative
- Food vs. fuel
- Greasestock
- Gutter oil (oil drainage or brown grease)
- Issues relating to biofuels
- The Big Green Bus
- Vegetable oil recycling
- Vegetable oil refining
- Vegetable oils as alternative energy
- Yellow grease
- Grand Canyon Railway 4960
- ^ Knothe, Gerhard (2001). "Historical Perspectives on Vegetable Oil-Based Diesel Fuels" (PDF). Inform. American Oil Chemists' Society. 12 (11): 1103–1107. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
- ^ The Coconut Revolution at IMDb (2000) a documentary film
- ^ a b Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission: "Coconut Oil Fuel Research in the Republic of the Marshall Islands"
- ^ Dunn, R. O. (2008). "Low-Temperature Flow Properties of Vegetable Oil/Cosolvent Blend Diesel Fuels" (PDF). ddr.nal.usda.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ "Renewable Energy Association Yearbook 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24.
- ^ Gregg, Forest. "Fuel Properties of Various Oils and Fats". Retrieved 2009-12-04.
- ^ Kotrba, Ron (September 23, 2014). "IncBio contracted to supply 2.4 MMgy biodiesel plant to Greece". Biodiesel Magazine. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
- ^ See Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States


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Export Insurance Agency of Armenia Insurance CJSC was founded on October 23th, 2013 by the decision of the Government of the Republic of Armenia within the framework of the export-oriented industrial policy.
The Company provides insurance against the financial losses incurred as a result of non-payment for supplied goods by the Foreign Buyer or its Bank, which has a payment obligation under the Contract. The services offered by our Company are efficient solution for the control of export risks of our customers.
EIA is a fully state-owned company.


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Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in your rectum or anus. The type of hemorrhoid you have depends on where it occurs.
If you have a hemorrhoid, you may feel a tender lump on the edge of your anus. You may also see blood on the toilet paper or in the toilet after a bowel movement.
Hemorrhoids are caused by increased pressure in the veins of your anus or rectum. One of the main causes is straining when you're trying to have a bowel movement. This may happen if you're constipated or if you have diarrhea. It may also happen if you sit on the toilet too long. Hemorrhoids can also be caused by obesity, heavy lifting or any other activity that caused you to strain.
Just about everyone has hemorrhoids at some time. But some things may make you more likely to get them. People whose parents had hemorrhoids may be more likely to get them. Pregnant women often get hemorrhoids because of the strain from carrying the baby and from giving birth. Being very overweight or standing or lifting too much can make hemorrhoids worse.
See your doctor if you notice bleeding to make sure the cause is hemorrhoids and not some other problem. Bleeding from your rectum or anus or bloody stools may be a sign of something more serious such as cancer.
Preventing constipation
Relieving the pain
Don't use hemorrhoid medicine without talking to your family doctor first.
Painful hemorrhoids usually stop hurting on their own in 1 to 2 weeks. If yours keep causing problems, talk with your doctor.
Rubber band ligation can be used to treat internal hemorrhoids. It involves placing a small rubber band around the base of the hemorrhoid. This stops the flow of blood to the area and the hemorrhoid withers away.
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text:
M1 Money Stock - Not Seas Adj
Why Use This Data Source In Your Models?
M1 is a narrow measure of the money supply that includes physical currency, demand deposits, traveler's checks, and other checkable deposits. This is indicative of income and assets in the US.
M1 Money Stock - Not Seas Adj
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Automated Data Profiling
Suggested Treatment:
Grain Transformation:
Board of Governors of Fed Reserve System
Money Stock Measures
Billions of Dollars, Not Seasonally Adjusted
Weekly, ending Monday
Available Through:
Suggested Treatment:
The data shows auto correlation and a non-normal distribution. The data should be differenced. While the Order Norm transformation, provides the best normality, the Yeo Johnson variable will also perform well.
Grain Transformation:
Data is unable to be distributed by time or geography. The roll up method used is Weighted Average.
Auto Correlation Analysis:
Data shows auto correlation indicating a need for differencing
The ACF indicates 1 order differencing is appropriate.
Further differencing is reccommended
Trend Analysis:
The Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) test, KPSS Trend = 1.52 p-value = 0.01 indicates that the data is not stationary.
Distribution Analysis:
The Shapiro-Wilk test returned W = 0.61 with a p-value =0.00 indicating the data does not follow a normal distribution.
A skewness score of 1.29 indicates the data are substantially skewed.
Hartigan's dip test score of 0.08 with a p-value of 0.00 inidcates the data is multimodal
Statistics (Pearson P/ df, lower => more normal)
Auto Correlation Function
Auto Correlation Function After Differencing
Partial Auto Correlation Function
Seasonal Impact
Seasonal and Trend Decompostion
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), M1 Money Stock [WM1NS], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WM1NS, December 19, 2019.
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