text:
Other News
Did Law Enforcement, Media Cover Up Alleged Plan to Burn Christopher Dorner Alive?
By Max Blumenthal
At approximately 7 PM ET, I listened through a police scanner as San Bernardino Sheriffs gave the order to burn down the cabin where suspected murderer Christopher Dorner was allegedly hiding. Deputies were maneuvering a remote controlled demolition vehicle to the base of the cabin, using it to tear down the walls of the cabin where Dorner was hiding, and peering inside.
In an initial dispatch, a deputy reported seeing "blood spatter" inside the cabin. Dorner, who had just engaged in a firefight with deputies that killed one officer and wounded another, may have been wounded in the exchange. There was no sign of his presence, let alone his resistance, according to police dispatches.
It was then that the deputies decided to burn the cabin down.
"We're gonna go ahead with the plan with the burner," one sheriff's deputy told another. "Like we talked about." Minutes later, another deputy's voice crackled across the radio: "The burner's deployed and we have a fire."
Next, a sheriff reported a "single shot" heard from inside the house. This was before the fire had penetrated deeply into the cabin's interior, and may have signaled Dorner's suicide. At that point, an experienced ex-cop like him would have known he was finished.
Over the course of the next hour, I listened as the sheriffs carefully managed the fire, ensuring that it burned the cabin thoroughly. Dorner, a former member of the LAPD who had accused his ex-colleagues of abuse and racism in a lengthy, detailed manifesto, was inside. The cops seemed to have little interest in taking him alive.
"Burn that … house down!" shouted a deputy through a scanner transmission inadvertently broadcast on the Los Angeles local news channel, KCAL 9.
While live ammo exploded inside the cabin, the deputies pondered whether the basement would burn as well – they wanted to know if its ceiling was made of wood or concrete. They assumed Dorner was hiding there, and apparently wanted to ensure that he would be burned to a crisp. "Because the fire is contained, I'm gonna let that heat burn through the basement," a deputy declared.
SWAT teams airlifted to the location were told to be ready in case Dorner did manage to escape. "Guys be ready on the number four side [the front of the cabin]," a deputy declared. "He might come out the back."
Just after 7 PM (4 PM PT), right when the orders were given to deploy the "burners," the San Bernardino Country Sheriff's Department Public Information Officer Cindy Bachman hastily gathered reporters for an impromptu press conference. Claiming to know nothing new, she told reporters that she had no idea why the cabin was on fire, or who started the fire. Reporters badgered Bachman for information, but she had none, raising the question of why the presser was convened when it was.
Around the same time, the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department requested that all reporters and media organizations stop tweeting about the ongoing standoff with Dorner, claiming their journalism was "hindering officer safety." As the cabin sheltering Dorner burned, the local CBS affiliate was reportedly told by law enforcement to zoom its helicopter camera out to avoid showing the actions of sheriff's deputies. By all accounts, the media acceded to police pressure for self-censorship.
The Riverside Press Enterprise, a leading local newspaper, announced on Twitter, "Law enforcement asked media to stop tweeting about the#Dorner case, fearing officer safety. We are complying." The paper's editors added, "We are going to tweet broad, non-tactical details, as per the San Bernardino DA's request."


text:
Bentley ECU Remapping
Cars as truly special as Bentley really do deserve the best, as such when we remap the engine ECU on any Bentley we are mindful of the qualities that make this marquee so special. As such we ensure that the ECU remapping we offer on all Bentleys will not detract from the silky smooth power delivery. Our ECU remapping service will iron out the flat spots in the power deliver as well as increasing the peak power output by about 50bhp. In fact most of our customers report back and tell us that their Bentley seems to drive even smoother after the ECU remapping!
ECU remapping is available for the Arnage T 6.75 Bi-Turbo, the Continental GT and the Continental Flying Spur. We appreciate that most Bentley owners would be much happier if their ECU was programmed in situ and we have spent a lot of time and money developing a system that lets us remap the ECU via the diagnostic port.
[table id=3 /]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I'm going to try to not make this post entirely about Tiger Woods, as tomorrow's golf post will probably be entirely about Tiger Woods. But yeah, Tiger Woods is tied with Luke Donald for the lead of the PGA Championship after 54 holes. Tiger Woods, Tiger Woods, Tiger Woods.
How running an NFL team is like running a restaurant | Chef Emeril Lagasse
Depending on how you look at it, there are either a bunch of guys still in contention, or a bunch of guys who are going to have a pretty good view of Tiger dropping the hammer on everyone in the vicinity. Mike Weir, Geoff Ogilvy, Shaun Micheel and Sergio Garcia are still right there, within a few strokes. Even ol' FIGJAM is just six strokes back.
Coverage resumes on CBS tomorrow at 2:00.
Full Leaderboard [PGA.com]


text:
Advanced Search
Microsoft will buy Tellme Networks, which provides voice-enabled mobile search, directory assistance and computerized, speech-driven customer service hotlines.
Company officials declined to comment on a news report that set the value of the deal at about $800 million. In a note to investors, Credit Suisse analyst Jason Maynard estimated Microsoft will pay more than $1 billion.
Microsoft Corp. said Tellme's technology could be applied to a wide swath of products, including its market-leading Office suite and mobile search, as well as applications for the home and car.
"We think you should just be able to say, 'Show me the Daily Show,' (and be) watching what you want on TV just by speaking it," said Mike McCue, Tellme's chief executive officer.
McCue and Jeff Raikes, president of Microsoft's Business Division, also envisioned cellular and Internet-based phones that ask users what they want to do. Then, depending on the answer, the devices could establish a conference call, deliver sports scores or directions to a neighborhood coffee shop.
Tellme, a privately held company based in Mountain View, Calif., powers American Airlines' computerized phone line that lets travelers check flight information, as well as the voice-recognition system that lets callers order a pizza from Dominoes without speaking to a real person. It also provides 411 directory assistance to AT&T and Verizon Wireless, and is used in some form by about 40 million people each month, McCue said.
Raikes said Microsoft will be able to combine its own work on voice commands for Windows Mobile devices and Vista, the latest version of its Windows operating system, with Tellme's approach to offering software as a service over the Internet -- a major shift in the software industry's business model that Microsoft is just warming to.
"It would be a really nice opportunity to have organizations paying Microsoft ongoing service revenue," said Rob Horwitz, an analyst at the independent research group Directions on Microsoft.
Horwitz said Microsoft has "really lusted after" the mobile device market, but the Windows Mobile platform has been slow to catch on. Licensing Tellme's applications to service providers, or building its Windows Mobile applications on top of the Tellme platform, could give the Redmond-based software maker's mobile division a boost.
Tellme's mobile business search application, which lets cell phone users text-message or say what they're looking for, from a map to a phone number, could also help Microsoft edge ahead of Web search leaders Google and Yahoo, said Roger Kay, president of the Massachusetts-based research group Endpoint Technologies Associates.
Still, given that Microsoft has made its own forays into voice recognition, Kay wondered whether the acquisition amounts to "a tacit admission that some of Microsoft's own voice technologies were falling short."
Raikes and McCue said one area they hope to improve is the ability for the system to understand natural language instead of the very limited number of commands that voice systems can handle today.
Shares of Microsoft rose 67 cents to close at $27.40 Wednesday on the Nasdaq Stock Market.
The deal is expected to close in the second quarter. Tellme and its 320 employees in Mountain View, Calif., will become part of Microsoft's Business Division, the company said.
Microsoft has improved the remediation process when users authenticating via on-premises methods are deemed to be at risk by the Microsoft Entra ID Protection service, per a Thursday announcement.
As Microsoft's new AI assistant gets into more hands this week, let's break down some of my impressions.
Microsoft on Wednesday gave notice that its Exchange Online e-mail tamper protections are planned for completion in 2024, which may entail some backend changes by IT departments.
Azure Automation provide IT with the ways to make their jobs more interesting. Got a task you're sick of doing? Automate it away!
The new update, rolling out for some, includes a preview of Microsoft's AI-powered Windows Copilot.
Subscribe on YouTube
More Summits
More Webcasts
More Tech Library


text:
XXL has found Cam'ron!
Call it a comeback. After nearly two years out of the spotlight, the Diplomats' charismatic founder, Cam'ron, sat down with XXL magazine for his first interview in years.
The cover story features Cam finally speaking on his enigmatic hiatus, Diplomats ownership, being an alleged "paper gangster" and the root of his rifts with Jim Jones and Juelz Santana, among other things. While Dipset loyalists seemingly can't get over Dipset being a Cam-less crew, Killa appears to have moved on. "…So I understand what the fans are saying," Cam told XXL executive editor Vanessa Satten, who penned the article. "And it's kinda messed up. But what you gotta realize is that things can always be fixed behind the scenes. But once a problem gets public, it's kind of unfixable."
Per Cam, Jones suggesting to cook up a publicity stunt and his feud with 50 Cent largely contributed to the crew's internal feud being "unfixable."
"The two things that you could say it was is: They come to my house and try to start a fake beef between me and [Jim]," Cam explained. "And they kinda like siding with 50 when me and him is in the dead middle of beefing or whatever."
XXL Magazine's April issue featuring Cam'ron on the cover hits newsstands soon. Crime Pays, Cam's first album in three years, is set to hit stores April 21th.SOURCE


text:
Ways to Save
Ways to Save Hundreds of Gallons of Water Every Week
Here are some simple ways to help save water. Whatever your conservation goal is, the more of these steps you take, the more water you'll save. And the more water you save, the more money you'll save on your water bill. Also visit Think H2O Now website for more way to save.
In the Bathroom
- While waiting for hot water to come through the pipes, catch the cool, clean water in a bucket or a watering can. You can use it later to water plants, run your garbage disposer, or pour into the toilet bowl to flush. Replace your regular shower heads with low-flow shower heads.
- Keep your showers down to five minutes or less using a low-flow shower head.
- Turn the water off while lathering-up in the shower. Then turn the water back on to quickly rinse.
- Take shallow baths.
- Replace your older model toilets with new ultra-low-flush models.
- Check your toilets for leaks. Drop a dye tablet or a teaspoon of food coloring (avoid red) in the tank. If color appears in the bowl after 15 minutes, you probably need to replace the "flapper" valve.
- Flush the toilet only when necessary. Never use the toilet as an ashtray or wastebasket.
- Never let the water run while brushing your teeth or shaving.
In the Kitchen
- Use a dishwasher whenever possible. An automatic dishwasher uses 9 to 12 gallons of water while hand washing dishes can use up to 20 gallons.
- If you have a dishwasher, run it only when you have a full load.
- Scrape food scraps off dishes in the garbage can.
- Never use hot, running water to defrost frozen foods. Plan ahead and place frozen items in the refrigerator overnight or use the microwave oven.
- Rinse vegetables and fruits in a pan filled with water instead of under running water. When done, use the water to irrigate plants.
Around the House
- Repair all leaky faucets, fixtures and pipes both inside and outside your home.
- When doing the laundry, never wash less than a full load.
- Collect washing machine rinse water in utility sink. You can use it later to water indoor plants, run your garbage disposer, or pour into the toilet bowl to flush.
- Set lawn mower blades one notch higher since longer grass reduces evaporation. Leave grass clippings on your grass; this cools the ground and holds in moisture.
- A great way to conserve water and help plants stay healthy is to spread at least 4" of mulch around shrubs, trees, and flower gardens.
- Never hose down your patio or balcony – use a broom or blower.
- Don't allow children to play with the hose.
- If you have a pool, use a cover to cut down evaporation. This will also keep your pool cleaner and reduce the need to add chemicals.
- Take your car to a car wash that recycles its wash water. For car washing at home, use a bucket of water and sponge to wash your car. Rinse quickly at the end. Always use hand-controlled watering devices, such as spring-loaded shutoff nozzles.
- Water your lawn and landscaping early in the morning or after the sun sets when there's less evaporation. Adjust your sprinklers so they don't spray on sidewalks, driveway or street.


text:
The Eurozone and the Need for Change
The eurozone is facing its biggest challenge since its inception.
Cyprus is the second-smallest economy in the common-currency area, but the reverberations from its bailout crisis are being felt across the continent. Average citizens in Europe's periphery nations are outraged. Germans and other core European citizens don't want to fund their less-responsible neighbors. And risky banks in Cyprus and other nations, facing unsustainable futures, teeter on the edge of insolvency.
Cyprus may have found a way out of its imminent crisis by agreeing to a bailout solution on Friday, but the danger's not over in Europe. While U.S. investors hardly need to start worrying -- after all, Cyprus is a tiny portion of the EU's economy and the Dow Jones Industrial Average is still happily surging to record highs -- any spreading of the European contagion to larger, more powerful economies could lead to dire economic straits.
Crisis averted?
We're now almost out of default-watch as Cyprus' politicians came to a deal to save the island nation from a financial implosion on Friday. Cyprus intends to restructure good and bad banks without crushing depositors, as the original plan that caused all this uproar would have done.
Cyprus' lawmakers also set up a "solidarity fund" for future crises, along with placing a restriction on financial transactions in any similar times of hardship that occur in the future. The country needs to come up with 5.8 billion euros in all for the EU to provide its pledged 10 billion-euro bailout, although one plan being floated around that's sure to spark more anger among average Cypriots would tax all bank deposits at a much lower rate of less than 1%.
It's not anywhere near the earlier rates lawmakers floated. That's unlikely to placate incensed Cypriots, however, considering average citizens have expressed outrage among any taxation of previously guaranteed deposits under 100,000 euros. Cyprus' politicians may be forced into coming up with a less provocative resolution.
Greece is lending a hand, for its part. The debt-plagued nation had to help, as its own fragile financial stability rests upon stopping any signs of bank runs or other problems before they spread, especially with Greece's own citizenry disgruntled at Germany and other core nations in the eurozone.
The Piraeus Bank of Greece is slated to assume control of local branches of Cypriot banks to protect Greek customers, in hopes of stemming any panic among average Greeks fearing for their deposits. But will these measures be enough to restore the shaken confidence of average citizens across Europe?
Will the infection spread?
Cyprus got into this situation in the first place by letting its financial sector run wild. The country's banking sector swelled far beyond its GDP, and when the banks inevitably failed, there was no chance the Cypriot government would be able to save the nation from financial turmoil. That's not the fault of the eurozone, and one can't blame Germans and other core lender nations if they grumble about coughing up the whole bailout bill.
Similarly, you can hardly blame average Cypriots for expressing outrage at the earlier proposed deposit levy. While fellow analyst Morgan Housel correctly points out that the cost of leaving the eurozone would cripple Cyprus far worse than the levy would, average citizens are hardly responsible for Cyprus' debt situation. Shredding any semblance of deposit guarantees and demanding more from the common people -- rather than hitting large bank accounts from wealthy foreign depositors -- would never be accepted with open arms.
But Cyprus isn't the only country facing unsustainable levels of debt -- and the other peripheral European nations on the brink of disaster would hit Europe with a much bigger hammer.
Source: The Economist.
A lot of talk has been floated over Greece's debt problems, but in comparison with the eurozone, the Greek debt is hardly influential enough to induce panic. Greece also isn't a tax haven for wealthy individuals looking to deposit cash in its banks, but the country's not entirely on stable footing. The Greek populace has already exploded over Germany's intervention in its bailout in a similar (but more violent) pattern to what happened in Cyprus' streets. Meanwhile, the National Bank of Greece took big hits after restructuring following last year's austerity measures. However, Greece is small enough in the big picture that, while it's vulnerable to instability, it's not likely to rock the European boat too hard.
Nor is Spain: While the Spanish financial crisis has sparked massive protests in the streets and even a separatist movement in Catalonia, the country's banks are on good footing. Institutions such as Banco Santander aren't in trouble like Cyprus' imploding banks are; Santander in particular has done a spectacular job diversifying into growing markets in Latin America and elsewhere worldwide, rather than consolidating too heavily in economically crippled Spain.
No, the real problem is Italy. There's virtually no way to save this bloated economy if it runs into its own imminent debt crisis; Italy is the eurozone's third-largest economy, and even frugal Germany couldn't ride in to save the day in this case. Italy also isn't in as dire a situation as Cyprus' banking sector was, but the political mess that is the country's leadership hardly inspires confidence. If the problems that have already hit Greece and Cyprus spread to the Italian peninsula, Europe will be sunk.
It thus seems a great time for the eurozone to enact changes to its bailout program -- but the fundamental nature of the EU makes this a tall order.
The problem with change
In nations such as Japan, the U.S., and the U.K., governments have the unpopular but valid option of printing money to solve financial messes. It's still a haircut on average citizens if said printing leads to inflation, but it's one less likely to stoke the masses into protests (or worse). After all, the number in the bank account doesn't change.
But Cyprus, Greece, and Italy don't have that option under the common currency of the eurozone. These countries are forced into relying on creditor nations within Europe, such as Germany, to solve their problems via bailouts.
Ask Angela Merkel how she feels about paying to save other countries. At a meeting of her parliamentary faction this week, the German chancellor was reportedly furious at Cyprus and its handling of the crisis. Merkel's looking for re-election later in the year, and average Germans want no part of paying for Cyprus' woes while Germany remains a beacon of financial responsibility in the eurozone.
Yet the lack of communication between nations that ostensibly are partners has created a toxic relationship between countries. Many average Cypriots point to Germany and Merkel as responsible for the deposit levy idea even though Cyprus' government was the one to come up with it. Greeks similarly pin the blame of their flailing economy on Germany, the easy target that has demanded conservative austerity measures from hard-hit economies.
This trend will continue until the eurozone establishes some sort of stronger central control mechanism. Getting nations that don't see eye-to-eye on policy to cooperate in this loose union has failed abysmally. Deploying measures such as the proposed bank levy will only kill the already-waning faith of average citizens in the eurozone's strength.
Until that happens, the eurozone's instability and debt nightmares will continue to shake investor confidence in Europe and beyond. Cyprus' economy wasn't enough to shake investors out of the recent highs the Dow Jones and other indices have climbed to, but any worsening or spreading of the crisis could lead to widespread concern. It's imperative that the eurozone finds a common ground to restore solidarity between member nations and solidify its bailout controls in a way that won't cripple the financial freedom of average Europeans.
The eurozone's future is riding on it.
Is your portfolio safe?
With all the turmoil happening in the world -- from Europe's mess to the Japan-China standoff and more -- it might seem hard to invest and reap rewards from the international economy. Fear not, because profiting from our increasingly global economy can be as easy as investing in your own backyard. The Motley Fool's free report "3 American Companies Set to Dominate the World" shows you how. Click here to get your free copy before it's gone.
The article The Eurozone and the Need for Change originally appeared on Fool.com.
Fool contributor Dan Carroll and The Motley Fool have no position in any of the stocks mentioned. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools don't all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Copyright © 1995 - 2013 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


text:
Copper sulfate crystal
|Sample Image | Spin Video | QuickTimeVR Rotation
|Copper sulfate crystal.
An individual crystal of copper sulfate from a bottle of root killer (designed to poured down drains to get rid of roots growing into drain lines).
Source: Farm & Fleet
Contributor: Theodore Gray
Acquired: 13 January, 2010
Text Updated: 13 January, 2010
Price: $0.01
Size: 0.25"
Composition: CuSO4


text:
Samsung Galaxy S4 earns Pentagon security nod
The Pentagon gives official approval to any Samsung device protected by the Knox security software, which for now includes just the Galaxy S4.
Samsung is now clear to start pitching its new flagship phone to the government.
The handset maker announced Friday that its Knox-enabled mobile devices have been approved by the Pentagon for government use. Samsung's Knox software offers high-level encryption, a VPN feature, and a way to separate personal data from work data. The software also enables IT administrators to manage a mobile device through specific policies.
For now, the Galaxy S4 is the only Samsung device equipped with Knox. But the company promises that other smartphones as well as tablets will receive the security software.
The thumb's up from the Pentagon means that the S4 and future Knox devices can be used by U.S. government and military departments that tap into the Department of Defense networks. Access to these networks requires high security standards, and the S4 is the first Android phone to meet the requirements, according to Samsung.
The new security clearance also opens up certain types of businesses as potential new customers for Samsung.
"We are very pleased to announce that the U.S. Department of Defense has approved Samsung Knox-enabled devices for use in DoD networks," Samsung Mobile President JK Shin said in a statement. "This approval enables other government agencies and regulated industries such as health care and financial services to adopt Samsung Galaxy smartphones and tablets. This is a significant milestone for Samsung as we work to grow our relationships within government and large corporate enterprises."
On Thursday, the Pentagon gave the same approval to BlackBerry devices with the BlackBerry 10 operating system, which translates into its Q10 and Z10 smartphones and Playbook tablets.
In the past, BlackBerry was the go-to vendor for government and big business due to the high-level security on its devices. But Apple and Android have begun carving out of a chunk of this lucrative market. Samsung in particular is aiming to muscle in on BlackBerry's territory with help from its Knox software.
Part of the Samsung for Enterprise (SAFE) initiative, Knox comes built into the operating system and addresses all major security holes in Android, according to the company. Knox's ability to keep personal and business data separate matches a similar feature in BB10 called BlackBerry Balance.
Up to now at least, BlackBerry hasn't appeared to be concerned about Samsung's efforts.
"Whatever any of our competitors announce, one thing won't change. The most secure mobile computing solution is a BlackBerry device running on a BlackBerry platform," David Smith, executive vice president of mobile computing for BlackBerry, said in February.
The government's nod to both Samsung and BlackBerrry still leaves Apple out in the cold.
The iPhone maker is also seeking approval from the Department of Defense for its mobile devices. Specifically, the DOD needs to certify the iOS 6 operating system as secure enough to be used by defense agencies and the military. However, that approval is expected within the next few weeks, The Wall Street Journal reported Wednesday.
Passing the government's security test doesn't automatically guarantee a sale. Approvals "do not directly result in product orders, but facilitate the process by eliminating the need for security reviews at the individual DOD organization level," a Defense Department spokesman told the Journal.
Samsung, BlackBerry, and potentially Apple will still need to fight over lucrative government contracts just as they do in the business world. But assuming Apple does win security approval, all three rivals will duke it out on an even playing field.
Mobile Guides
Foldable Phones
Mobile Accessories
Wireless Plans


text:
A Nova Scotia man was fighting for his life Monday, a day after a fire that swept through his rural home killed four people, including at least two young children, a family member says.
Ervin Olsen, great-grandfather of two children who died in the Pubnico, N.S., blaze, said the father of at least one of the children remains in hospital.
"We're at the hospital now and … the father is struggling to stay alive," he said.
The Canadian Red Cross has said the father's common-law wife is with him in hospital, that their blended family lived in the home and that an infant boy was among those killed in the blaze.
The ferocious blaze cut through the bitter cold early Sunday in the small lobster-fishing community in the province's southern tip.
Yellow police tape surrounded the charred ruins of the two-storey roadside home that was reduced to a pile of blackened beams after an excavator ripped down several walls to allow fire officials to get inside.
Police are not releasing the identities or details on the number of fatalities. RCMP Cpl. Jennifer Clarke said the fire marshal, the medical examiner's office and the force's major crimes unit are all involved in the investigation. But, she said that doesn't necessarily mean police suspect foul play.
"That doesn't really speak to the type of incident or mean that it is suspicious," she said. "It is a complex investigation. We do have those resources, so we are making use of them."
West Pubnico Fire Chief Gordon Amiro said it could be days before the cause of the fire is known.
"It will probably be the end of the week before we know," he said Monday. "There was a wood stove in the structure. We presume that's probably what happened, but we don't know yet."
An ambulance was first to arrive on the scene of the house fire, Amiro said, and it took two adult survivors to hospital.
Firefighters arrived at 12:30 a.m. Sunday, about 12 minutes after the call came in, he said.
Flames had already engulfed the house and were "coming through the roof and everywhere," Amiro said.
"There was no way of going into the house. It was just a matter of putting the fire out," he said. "There was nothing we could do in that situation."
In all, five fire departments and 40 firefighters responded to the deadly blaze. Firefighters stayed on the scene for nearly 18 hours — returning late Sunday night to respond to a flare-up, Amiro said.
"It was the longest time I've spent at a house fire in my life," said the veteran firefighter, who has volunteered at the local department for 40 years. "It took us two and a half hours to get the flames down and then we had to put out the hot spots."
Residents of the area identified the father as a lobster fisherman.
The Canadian Press
Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter.


text:
Editor's Note: Reprinted from How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science, Counterculture, and the Quantum Revival by David Kaiser. Copyright (c) 2011 by David Kaiser. Used with permission of the publisher, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. Click here to see a Scientific American video that explains quantum entanglement.
[from Chapter 2, pp. 25-38:]
The iconoclastic Irish physicist John S. Bell had long nursed a private disquietude with quantum mechanics. His physics teachers—first at Queen's University in his native Belfast during the late 1940s, and later at Birmingham University, where he pursued doctoral work in the mid-1950s—had shunned matters of interpretation. The "ask no questions" attitude frustrated Bell, who remained unconvinced that Niels Bohr had really vanquished the last of Einstein's critiques long ago and that there was nothing left to worry about. At one point in his undergraduate studies, his red shock of hair blazing, he even engaged in a shouting match with a beleaguered professor, calling him "dishonest" for trying to paper over genuine mysteries in the foundations, such as how to interpret the uncertainty principle. Certainly, Bell would grant, quantum mechanics worked impeccably "for all practical purposes," a phrase he found himself using so often that he coined the acronym, "FAPP." But wasn't there more to physics than FAPP? At the end of the day, after all the wavefunctions had been calculated and probabilities plotted, shouldn't quantum mechanics have something coherent to say about nature?
In the years following his impetuous shouting matches, Bell tried to keep these doubts to himself. At the tender age of twenty-one he realized that if he continued to indulge these philosophical speculations, they might well scuttle his physics career before it could even begin. He dove into mainstream topics, working on nuclear and particle physics at Harwell, Britain's civilian atomic energy research center. Still, his mind continued to wander. He wondered whether there were some way to push beyond the probabilities offered by quantum theory, to account for motion in the atomic realm more like the way Newton's physics treated the motion of everyday objects. In Newton's physics, the behavior of an apple or a planet was completely determined by its initial state—variables like position (where it was) and momentum (where it was going)—and the forces acting upon it; no probabilities in sight. Bell wondered whether there might exist some set of variables that could be added to the quantum-mechanical description to make it more like Newton's system, even if some of those new variables remained hidden from view in any given experiment. Bell avidly read a popular account of quantum theory by one of its chief architects, Max Born's Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance (1949), in which he learned that some of Born's contemporaries had likewise tried to invent such "hidden variables" schemes back in the late 1920s. But Bell also read in Born's book that another great of the interwar generation, the Hungarian mathematician and physicist John von Neumann, had published a proof as early as 1932 demonstrating that hidden variables could not be made compatible with quantum mechanics. Bell, who could not read German, did not dig up von Neumann's recondite proof. The say-so of a leader (and soon-to-be Nobel laureate) like Born seemed like reason enough to drop the idea.
Imagine Bell's surprise, therefore, when a year or two later he read a pair of articles in the Physical Review by the American physicist David Bohm. Bohm had submitted the papers from his teaching post at Princeton University in July 1951; by the time they appeared in print six months later, he had landed in São Paolo, Brazil, following his hounding by the House Un-American Activities Committee. Bohm had been a graduate student under J. Robert Oppenheimer at Berkeley in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Along with several like-minded friends, he had participated in free-wheeling discussion groups about politics, worldly affairs, and local issues like whether workers at the university's laboratory should be unionized. He even joined the local branch of the Communist Party out of curiosity, but he found the discussions so boring and ineffectual that he quit a short time later. Such discussions might have seemed innocuous during ordinary times, but investigators from the Military Intelligence Division thought otherwise once the United States entered World War II, and Bohm and his discussion buddies started working on the earliest phases of the Manhattan Project to build an atomic bomb. Military intelligence officers kept the discussion groups under top-secret surveillance, and in the investigators' eyes the line between curious discussion group and Communist cell tended to blur. When later called to testify before HUAC, Bohm pleaded the Fifth Amendment rather than name names. Over the physics department's objections, Princeton's administration let his tenure-track contract lapse rather than reappoint him. At the center of a whirling media spectacle, Bohm found all other domestic options closed off. Reluctantly, he decamped for Brazil.
In the midst of the Sturm und Drang, Bohm crafted his own hidden variables interpretation of quantum mechanics. As Bell later reminisced, he had "seen the impossible done" in these papers by Bohm. Starting from the usual Schrödinger equation, but rewriting it in a novel way, Bohm demonstrated that the formalism need not be interpreted only in terms of probabilities. An electron, for example, might behave much like a bullet or billiard ball, following a path through space and time with well-defined values of position and momentum every step of the way. Given the electron's initial position and momentum and the forces acting on it, its future behavior would be fully determined, just like the case of the trusty billiard ball—although Bohm did have to introduce a new "quantum potential" or force field that had no analogue in classical physics. In Bohm's model, the quantum weirdness that had so captivated Bohr, Heisenberg, and the rest—and that had so upset young Bell, when parroted by his teachers—arose because certain variables, such as the electron's initial position, could never be specified precisely: efforts to measure the initial position would inevitably disturb the system. Thus physicists could not glean sufficient knowledge of all the relevant variables required to calculate a quantum object's path. The troubling probabilities of quantum mechanics, Bohm posited, sprang from averaging over the real-but-hidden variables. Where Bohr and his acolytes had claimed that electrons simply did not possess complete sets of definite properties, Bohm argued that they did—but, as a practical matter, some remained hidden from view.
Bohm's papers fired Bell's imagination. Soon after discovering them, Bell gave a talk on Bohm's papers to the Theory Division at Harwell. Most of his listeners sat in stunned (or perhaps just bored) silence: why was this young physicist wasting their time on such philosophical drivel? Didn't he have any real work to do? One member of the audience, however, grew animated: Austrian émigré Franz Mandl. Mandl, who knew both German and von Neumann's classic study, interrupted several times; the two continued their intense arguments well after the seminar had ended. Together they began to reexamine von Neumann's no-hidden-variables proof, on and off when time allowed, until they each went their separate ways. Mandl left Harwell in 1958; Bell, dissatisfied with the direction in which the laboratory seemed to be heading, left two years later.
Bell and his wife Mary, also a physicist, moved to CERN, Europe's multinational high-energy physics laboratory that had recently been established in Geneva. Once again he pursued cutting-edge research in particle physics. And once again, despite his best efforts, he found himself pulled to his hobby: thinking hard about the foundations of quantum mechanics. Once settled in Geneva, he acquired a new sparring partner in Josef Jauch. Like Mandl, Jauch had grown up in the Continental tradition and was well versed in the finer points of Einstein's, Bohr's, and von Neumann's work. In fact, when Bell arrived in town Jauch was busy trying to strengthen von Neumann's proof that hidden-variables theories were irreconcilable with the successful predictions of quantum mechanics. To Bell, Jauch's intervention was like waving a red flag in front of a bull: it only intensified his resolve to demonstrate that hidden variables had not yet been ruled out. Spurred by these discussions, Bell wrote a review article on the topic of hidden variables, in which he isolated a logical flaw in von Neumann's famous proof. At the close of the paper, he noted that "the first ideas of this paper were conceived in 1952"—fourteen years before the paper was published—and thanked Mandl and Jauch for all of the "intensive discussion" they had shared over that long period.
Still Bell kept pushing, wondering whether a certain type of hidden variables theory, distinct from Bohm's version, might be compatible with ordinary quantum mechanics. His thoughts returned to the famous thought experiment introduced by Einstein and his junior colleagues Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen in 1935, known from the start by the authors' initials, "EPR." Einstein and company had argued that quantum mechanics must be incomplete: at least in some situations, definite values for pairs of variables could be determined at the same time, even though quantum mechanics had no way to account for or represent such values. The EPR authors described a source, such as a radioactive nucleus, that shot out pairs of particles with the same speed but in opposite directions. Call the left-moving particle, "A," and the right-moving particle, "B." A physicist could measure A's position at a given moment, and thereby deduce the value of B's position. Meanwhile, the physicist could measure B's momentum at that same moment, thus capturing knowledge of B's momentum and simultaneous position to any desired accuracy. Yet Heisenberg's uncertainty principle dictated that precise values for certain pairs of variables, such as position and momentum, could never be known simultaneously.
Fundamental to Einstein and company's reasoning was that quantum objects carried with them—on their backs, as it were—complete sets of definite properties at all times. Think again of that trusty billiard ball: it has a definite value of position and a definite value of momentum at any given moment, even if we choose to measure only one of those properties at a time. Einstein assumed the same must be true of electrons, photons, and the rest of the furniture of the microworld. Bohr, in a hurried response to the EPR paper, argued that it was wrong to assume that particle B had a real value for position all along, prior to any effort to measure it. Quantum objects, in his view, simply did not possess sharp values for all properties at all times. Such values emerged during the act of measurement, and even Einstein had agreed that no device could directly measure a particle's position and momentum at the same time. Most physicists seemed content with Bohr's riposte—or, more likely, they were simply relieved that someone else had responded to Einstein's deep challenge.
Bohr's response never satisfied Einstein, however; nor did it satisfy John Bell. Bell realized that the intuition behind Einstein's famous thought experiment—the reason Einstein considered it so damning for quantum mechanics—concerned "locality." To Einstein, it was axiomatic that something that happens in one region of space and time should not be able to affect something happening in a distant region—more distant, say, than light could have traveled in the intervening time. As the EPR authors put it, "since at the time of measurement the two systems [particles A and B] no longer interact, no real change can take place in the second system in consequence of anything that may be done to the first system." Yet Bohr's response suggested something else entirely: the decision to conduct a measurement on particle A (either position or momentum) would instantaneously change the properties ascribed to the far-away particle B. Measure particle A's position, for example, and—bam!—particle B would be in a state of well-defined position. Or measure particle A's momentum, and—zap!—particle B would be in a state of well-defined momentum. Late in life, Bohr's line still rankled Einstein. "My instinct for physics bristles at this," Einstein wrote to a friend in March 1948. "Spooky actions at a distance," he huffed.
Fresh from his wrangles with Jauch, Bell returned to EPR's thought experiment. He wondered whether such "spooky actions at a distance" were endemic to quantum mechanics, or just one possible interpretation among many. Might some kind of hidden variable approach reproduce all the quantitative predictions of quantum theory, while still satisfying Einstein's (and Bell's) intuition about locality? He focused on a variation of EPR's set-up, introduced by David Bohm in his 1951 textbook on quantum mechanics. Bohm had suggested swapping the values of the particles' spins along the x- and y-axes for position and momentum.
"Spin" is a curious property that many quantum particles possess; its discovery in the mid-1920s added a cornerstone to the emerging edifice of quantum mechanics. Quantum spin is a discrete amount of angular momentum—that is, the tendency to rotate around a given direction in space. Of course many large-scale objects possess angular momentum, too: think of the planet Earth spinning around its axis to change night into day. Spin in the microworld, however, has a few quirks. For one thing, whereas large objects like the Earth can spin, in principle, at any rate whatsoever, quantum particles possess fixed amounts of it: either no spin at all, or one-half unit, or one whole unit, or three-halves units, and so on. The units are determined by a universal constant of nature known as Planck's constant, ubiquitous throughout the quantum realm. The particles that make up ordinary matter, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, each possess one-half unit of spin; photons, or quanta of light, possesss one whole unit of spin.
In a further break from ordinary angular momentum, quantum spin can only be oriented in certain ways. A spin one-half particle, for example, can exist in only one of two states: either spin "up" or spin "down" with respect to a given direction in space. The two states become manifest when a stream of particles passes through a magnetic field: spin-up particles will be deflected upward, away from their previous direction of flight, while spin-down particles will be deflected downward. Choose some direction along which to align the magnets—say, the z-axis—and the spin of any electron will only ever be found to be up or down; no electron will ever be measured as three-quarters "up" along that direction. Now rotate the magnets, so that the magnetic field is pointing along some different direction. Send a new batch of electrons through; once again you will only find spin up or spin down along that new direction. For spin one-half particles like electrons, the spin along a given direction is always either +1 (up) or -1 (down), nothing in between. (Fig. 2.1.)
No matter which way the magnets are aligned, moreover, one-half of the incoming electrons will be deflected upward and one-half downward. In fact, you could replace the collecting screen (such as a photographic plate) downstream of the magnets with two Geiger counters, positioned where the spin-up and spin-down particles get deflected. Then tune down the intensity of the source so that only one particle gets shot out at a time. For any given run, only one Geiger counter will click: either the upper one (indicating passage of a spin-up particle) or the lower one (indicating spin-down). Each particle has a 50-50 chance of being measured as spin-up or spin-down; the sequence of clicks would be a random series of +1's (upper counter) and -1's (lower counter), averaging out over many runs to an equal number of clicks from each detector. Neither quantum theory nor any other scheme has yet produced a successful means of predicting in advance whether a given particle will be measured as spin-up or spin-down; only the probabilities for a large number of runs can be computed.
Bell realized that Bohm's variation of the EPR thought experiment, involving particles' spins, offered two main advantages over EPR's original version. First, the measurements always boiled down to either a +1 or a -1; no fuzzy continuum of values to worry about, as there would be when measuring position or momentum. Second, physicists had accumulated decades of experience building real machines that could manipulate and measure particles' spin; as far as thought experiments went, this one could be grounded on some well-earned confidence. And so Bell began to analyze the spin-based EPR arrangement. Because the particles emerged in a special way—spat out from a source that had zero spin before and after they were disgorged—the total spin of the two particles together likewise had to be zero. When measured along the same direction, therefore, their spins should always show perfect correlation: if A's spin were up then B's must be down, and vice versa. Back in the early days of quantum mechanics, Erwin Schrödinger had termed such perfect correlations "entanglement."
Bell demonstrated that a hidden-variables model that satisfied locality—in which the properties of A remained unaffected by what measurements were conducted on B—could easily reproduce the perfect correlation when A's and B's spins were measured along the same direction. At root, this meant imagining that each particle carried with it a definite value of spin along any given direction, even if most of those values remained hidden from view. The spin values were considered to be properties of the particles themselves; they existed independent of and prior to any effort to measure them, just as Einstein would have wished.
Next Bell considered other possible arrangements. One could choose to measure a particle's spin along any direction: the z-axis, the y-axis, or any angle in between. All one had to do was rotate the magnets between which the particle passed. What if one measured A's spin along the z-axis and B's spin along some other direction? (Fig. 2.2.) Bell homed in on the expected correlations of spin measurements when shooting pairs of particles through the device, while the detectors on either side were oriented at various angles. He considered detectors that had two settings, or directions along which spin could be measured.
Using only a few lines of algebra, Bell proved that no local hidden variables theory could ever reproduce the same degree of correlations as one varied the angles between detectors. The result has come to be known as "Bell's theorem." Simply assuming that each particle carried a full set of definite values on its own, prior to measurement—even if most of those values remained hidden from view—necessarily clashed with quantum theory. Nonlocality was indeed endemic to quantum mechanics, Bell had shown: somehow, the outcome of the measurement on particle B depended on the measured outcome on particle A, even if the two particles were separated by huge distances at the time those measurements were made. Any effort to treat the particles (or measurements made upon them) as independent, subject only to local influences, necessarily led to different predictions than those of quantum mechanics. Here was what Bell had been groping for, on and off since his student days: some quantitative means of distinguishing Bohr's interpretation of quantum mechanics from other coherent, self-consistent possibilities. The problem—entanglement versus locality—was amenable to experimental test. In his bones he hoped locality would win.
In the years since Bell formulated his theorem, many physicists (Bell included) have tried to articulate what the violation of his inequality would mean, at a deep level, about the structure of the microworld. Most prosaically, entanglement suggests that on the smallest scales of matter, the whole is more than the sum of its parts. Put another way: one could know everything there is to know about a quantum system (particles A + B), and yet know nothing definite about either piece separately. As one expert in the field has written, entangled quantum systems are not even "divisible by thought": our natural inclination to analyze systems into subsystems, and to build up knowledge of the whole from careful study of its parts, grinds to a halt in the quantum domain.
Physicists have gone to heroic lengths to translate quantum nonlocality into everyday terms. The literature is now full of stories about boxes that flash with red and green lights; disheveled physicists who stroll down the street with mismatched socks; clever Sherlock Holmes-inspired scenarios involving quantum robbers; even an elaborate tale of a baker, two long conveyor belts, and pairs of soufflés that may or may not rise. My favorite comes from a "quantum-mechanical engineer" at MIT, Seth Lloyd. Imagine twins, Lloyd instructs us, separated a great distance apart. One steps into a bar in Cambridge, Massachusetts just as her brother steps into a bar in Cambridge, England. Imagine further (and this may be the most difficult part) that neither twin has a cell phone or any other device with which to communicate back and forth. No matter what each bartender asks them, they will give opposite answers. "Beer or whiskey?" The Massachusetts twin might respond either way, with equal likelihood; but no matter which choice she makes, her twin brother an ocean away will respond with the opposite choice. (It's not that either twin has a decided preference; after many trips to their respective bars, they each wind up ordering beer and whiskey equally often.) The bartenders could equally well have asked, "Bottled beer or draft?" or "Red wine or white?" Ask any question—even a question that no one had decided to ask until long after the twins had traveled far, far away from each other—and you will always receive polar opposite responses. Somehow one twin always "knows" how to answer, even though no information could have traveled between them, in just such a way as to ensure the long-distance correlation.
[from Chapter 3, pp. 43-48:]
John Clauser sat through his courses on quantum mechanics as a graduate student at Columbia University in the mid-1960s, wondering when they would tackle the big questions. Like John Bell, Clauser quickly learned to keep his mouth shut and pursue his interests on the side. He buried himself in the library, poring over the EPR paper and Bohm's articles on hidden variables. Then in 1967 he stumbled upon Bell's paper in Physics Physique Fizika. The journal's strange title had caught his eye, and while lazily leafing through the first bound volume he happened to notice Bell's article. Clauser, a budding experimentalist, realized that Bell's theorem could be amenable to real-world tests in a laboratory. Excited, he told his thesis advisor about his find, only to be rebuffed for wasting their time on such philosophical questions. Soon Clauser would be kicked out of some of the finest offices in physics, from Robert Serber's at Columbia to Richard Feynman's at Caltech. Bowing to these pressures, Clauser pursued a dissertation on a more acceptable topic—radio astronomy and astrophysics—but in the back of his mind he continued to puzzle through how Bell's inequality might be put to the test.
Before launching into an experiment himself, Clauser wrote to John Bell and David Bohm to double-check that he had not overlooked any prior experiments on Bell's theorem and quantum nonlocality. Both respondents wrote back immediately, thrilled at the notion that an honest-to-goodness experimentalist harbored any interest in the topic at all. As Bell later recalled, Clauser's letter from February 1969 was the first direct response Bell had received from any physicist regarding Bell's theorem—more than four years after Bell's article had been published. Bell encouraged the young experimenter: if by chance Clauser did manage to measure a deviation from the predictions of quantum theory, that would "shake the world!"
Encouraged by Bell's and Bohm's responses, Clauser realized that the first step would be to translate Bell's pristine algebra into expressions that might make contact with a real experiment. Bell had assumed for simplicity that detectors would have infinitesimally narrow windows or apertures through which particles could pass. But as Clauser knew well from his radio-astronomy work, apertures in the real world are always wider than a mathematical pinprick. Particles from a range of directions would be able to enter the detectors at either of their settings, a or a'. Same for detector efficiences. Bell had assumed that the spins of every pair of particles would be measured, every time a new pair was shot out from the source. But no laboratory detectors were ever 100% efficient; sometimes one or both particles of a pair would simply escape detection altogether. All these complications and more had to be tackled on paper, long before one bothered building a machine to test Bell's work. Clauser dug in and submitted a brief abstract on this work to the Bulletin of the American Physical Society, in anticipation of the Society's upcoming conference. The abstract appeared in print right before the spring 1969 meeting.
And then his telephone rang. Two hundred miles away, Abner Shimony had been chasing down the same series of thoughts. Shimony's unusual training—he held Ph.D.s in both philosophy and in physics, and taught in both departments at Boston University—primed him for a subject like Bell's theorem in a way that almost none of his American physics colleagues shared. He had already published several articles on other philosophical aspects of quantum theory, beginning in the early 1960s. Shimony had been tipped off about Bell's theorem back in 1964, when a colleague at nearby Brandeis University, where Bell had written up his paper, sent Shimony a preprint of Bell's work. Shimony was hardly won over right away. His first reaction: "Here's another kooky paper that's come out of the blue," as he put it recently. "I'd never heard of Bell. And it was badly typed, and it was on the old multigraph paper, with the blue ink that smeared. There were some arithmetical errors. I said, 'What's going on here?'" Alternately bemused, puzzled, and intrigued, he read it over again and again. "The more I read it, the more brilliant it seemed. And I realized, 'This is no kooky paper. This is something very great.'" He began scouring the literature to see if some previous experiments, conducted for different purposes, might already have inadvertently put Bell's theorem to the test. After intensive digging—he came to call this work "quantum archaeology"—he realized that, despite a few near misses, no existing data would do the trick. No experimentalist himself, he "put the whole thing on ice" until he could find a suitable partner.
A few years went by before a graduate student came knocking on Shimony's door. The student had just completed his qualifying exams and was scouting for a dissertation topic. Together they decided to mount a brand-new experiment to test Bell's theorem. Several months into their preparations, still far from a working experiment, Shimony spied Clauser's abstract in the Bulletin, and reached for the phone. They decided to meet at the upcoming American Physical Society meeting in Washington, D.C., where Clauser was scheduled to talk about his proposed experiment. There they hashed out a plan to join forces. A joint paper, Shimony felt, would no doubt be stronger than either of their separate efforts alone would be—the whole would be greater than the sum of its parts—and, on top of that, "it was the civilized way to handle the priority question." And so began a fruitful collaboration and a set of enduring friendships.
Clauser completed his dissertation not long after their meeting. He had some down time between handing in his thesis and the formal thesis defense, so he went up to Boston to work with Shimony and the (now two) graduate students whom Shimony had corralled onto the project. Together they derived a variation on Bell's theme: a new expression, more amenable to direct comparisons with laboratory data than Bell's had been. (Their equations concerned S, the particular combination of spin measurements examined in the previous chapter.) Even as his research began to hum, Clauser's employment prospects grew dim. He graduated just as the chasm between demand and supply for American physicists opened wide. He further hindered his chances by giving a few job talks on the subject of Bell's theorem. Clauser would later write with great passion that in those years, physicists who showed any interest in the foundations of quantum mechanics labored under a "stigma," as powerful and keenly felt as any wars of religion or McCarthy-like political purges.
Finally Berkeley's Charles Townes offered Clauser a postdoctoral position in astrophysics at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, on the strength of Clauser's dissertation on radio astronomy. Clauser, an avid sailer, planned to sail his boat from New York around the tip of Florida and into Galveston, Texas; then he would load the boat onto a truck and drive it to Los Angeles, before setting sail up the California coast to the San Francisco Bay Area. (A hurricane scuttled his plans; he and his boat got held up in Florida, and he wound up having to drive it clear across the country instead.) All the while, Clauser and Shimony hammered out their first joint article on Bell's theorem: each time Clauser sailed into a port along the East Coast, he would find a telephone and check in with Shimony, who had been working on a draft of their paper. Then Shimony would mail copies of the edited draft to every marina in the next city on Clauser's itinerary, "some of which I picked up," Clauser explained recently, "and some of which are probably still waiting there for all I know." Back and forth their edits flew, and by the time Clauser arrived in Berkeley in early August 1969, they had a draft ready to submit to the journal.
Things were slow at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory compared to the boom years, and budgets had already begun to shrink. Clauser managed to convince his faculty sponsor, Townes, that Bell's theorem might merit serious experimental study. Perhaps Townes, an inventor of the laser, was more receptive to Clauser's pitch than the others because Townes, too, had been told by the heavyweights of his era that his own novel idea flew in the face of quantum mechanics. Townes allowed Clauser to devote half his time to his pet project, not least because, as Clauser made clear, the experiments he envisioned would cost next to nothing. With the green light from Townes, Clauser began to scavenge spare parts from storage closets around the Berkeley lab—"I've gotten pretty good at dumpster diving," as he put it recently—and soon he had duct-taped together a contraption capable of measuring the correlated polarizations of pairs of photons. (Photons, like electrons, can exist in only one of two states; polarization, in this case, functions just like spin as far as Bell-type correlations are concerned.) In 1972, with the help of a graduate student loaned to him at Townes's urging, Clauser published the first experimental results on Bell's theorem. (Fig. 3.1.)
Despite Clauser's private hope that quantum mechanics would be toppled, he and his student found the quantum-mechanical predictions to be spot on. In the laboratory, much as on theorists' scratch pads, the microworld really did seem to be an entangled nest of nonlocality. He and his student had managed to conduct the world's first experimental test of Bell's theorem—today such a mainstay of frontier physics—and they demonstrated, with cold, hard data, that measurements of particle A really were more strongly correlated with measurements of particle B than any local mechanisms could accommodate. They had produced exactly the "spooky action at a distance" that Einstein had found so upsetting. Still, Clauser could find few physicists who seemed to care. He and his student published their results in the prestigious Physical Review Letters, and yet the year following their paper, global citations to Bell's theorem—still just a trickle—dropped by more than half. The world-class work did little to improve Clauser's job prospects, either. One department chair to whom Clauser had applied for a job doubted that Clauser's work on Bell's theorem counted as "real physics."


text:
In 2017/'18, more girls than boys in the third year of secondary education were studying at a higher level than recommended by their primary school.Read publication
Slightly over half of Dutch young people between the ages of 15 and 24 occasionally do volunteer work. More than half are also active in associations.Read publication
For eight months now, unemployment among youth has fallen below the lowest point before the economic crisis in 2008. At European level, the Netherlands is in the top three of countries with the lowest youth unemployment rate.Read publication
In 2017, more than half of all children aged 4 to 11 complied with the standards for physical activity as set by the Health Council of the Netherlands. Almost two-thirds were taking part in sports at least once per week.Read publication
In 2017, 29 percent of 18 to 24-year-olds were addicted to social media in their own view, up from 19 percent in 2015. The share of 25-year-olds who consider themselves addicted is relatively lower.Read publication
In 2017, 4 percent of young people in the Netherlands aged 15 to 24 years were neither in employment nor in education or training (NEET). This is equivalent to 84 thousand young people.Read publication
A very large majority of Dutch 18 to 24-year-olds are satisfied with their lives in general and with their social lives in particular: around 85 percent in 2016. Young adults who are currently enrolled in or who have completed higher education are often more positive than their lower educated peers.Read publication
In 2016, most young people in the Caribbean Netherlands between the ages of 15 and 24 were enrolled in education. This share was highest on Saba: 72 percent. On Bonaire, one-third of this age group are no longer enrolled in education but are in work. They are often full-time workers, similar to the group aged 25 and over.Read publication
Fewer young, highly educated people have completed technical studies compared to ten years ago. Among these engineering graduates, the number of men is four times as high as the number of women. According to Statistics Netherlands, nearly 30 percent of female and almost half of male engineering graduates start working in technical occupations.Read publication
Between 2010 and 2014, over 14 percent of young Dutch between the ages of 12 and 20 were smoking. This percentage is particularly high in the north of the Netherlands. The share of young people smoking is highest in the province of Drenthe (19 percent), followed by the province of Groningen and the northern Netherlands region, each with 18 percent. The lowest share of smokers aged 12 to 20 is found in the middle region of the country. The municipal health care regions of Amsterdam, Utrecht and the Gooi- en Vecht area report a percentage share of 11 percent young smokers.Read publication


text:
- Company
- Properties
- Investors
- Careers
- Taseko Talks
August 6, 2009
August 6, 2009, Vancouver, BC - Taseko Mines will release its second quarter 2009 results after market close on Tuesday, August 11, 2009 and will host a telephone conference call on Wednesday, August 12 at 12:30 p.m. Eastern Time (9:30 a.m. Pacific) to discuss these results. The conference call may be accessed by dialing (877) 440-5796 in Canada and the United States, or (719) 325-4872 internationally. A live and archived audio webcast will also be available at www.tasekomines.com.
The conference call will be archived for later playback until August 19, 2009 and can be accessed by dialing (888) 203-1112 in Canada and the United States, or (719) 457-0820 internationally and using the passcode 9945444.
Contact: Brian Bergot, Investor Relations - 778-373-4545, toll free 1-800-667-2114
Russell Hallbauer
President and CEO
No regulatory authority has approved or disapproved of the information contained in this news release.
This document contains "forward-looking statements" that were based on Taseko's expectations, estimates and projections as of the dates as of which those statements were made. Generally, these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "outlook", "anticipate", "project", "target", "believe", "estimate", "expect", "intend", "should" and similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the Company's actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These included but are not limited to:
For further information on Taseko, investors should review the Company's annual Form 40-F filing with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission www.sec.gov and home jurisdiction filings that are available at www.sedar.com.


text:
Privacy Policy
Updated JUN 2021
This statement indicates our policies and practices on the collection, use, security and access of information in accordance with the requirements of the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Chapter 486) ("Ordinance") of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ("Hong Kong SAR").
Personal information collected
WooAnt does not sell, share or trade customers' personal information collected online from third parties. Personal information collected online will only be disclosed within our corporate group for internal use and purposes only.
When you create a WooAnt account, the personal information we collect may include your:
Delivery Address
Email Address
Telephone Number
Payment details, including credit card and banking information
The personal information we collect from you will be used in some or all of the following ways:
Internal record keeping; researches and statistical purposes
To deliver the products you have purchased from WooAnt
To update you on the delivery of the product and for customer support purposes
To provide you with relevant product information
To customize future shopping for you and improve our products and services
To send you promotional emails about new products, special offers or other information which we think you may find interesting using the email address which you have provided
We may collect personally identifiable information when you visit our WooAnt website. We also automatically receive and record information on our server logs from your browser including your IP address, cookie information and the page(s) you visited. We do these things so that we can measure traffic, gauge the popularity of various parts of the website, gain some general knowledge about our audience or customers and compile aggregated statistics.
Updating Your Personal Information
You can update your personal information anytime by accessing your account on our WooAnt website.
Security of Your Personal Information
WooAnt will take reasonable steps to ensure that all information collected will be safely and securely stored.
Restricting access to personal information
Securely destroying your personal information when it is no longer needed for our record retention purposes.
We may periodically send promotional emails about new products, special offers or other information which we think you may find interesting using the email address which you have provided.
However, we give no warranty against third parties hacking into the data or any unauthorized access to the data by anyone.
We will not share your information with any other organizations other than related companies and those third parties directly related to the delivery of the products you have purchased from our WooAnt website and used as described above or as agreed with you or when required by law.
We will retain your personal data collected via this website ONLY for the period required for the carrying out of the permitted purposes.
Link to Third Party Websites
In relation to hyperlinks to other websites provided on our WooAnt website, we are not responsible for the privacy policy or content of these other websites. You should review the privacy policy for such third party websites to understand the ways in which your personal data may be used by those third parties.
Transfer of Personal Data Outside Hong Kong
At times it may be necessary and/or prudent for WooAnt to transfer certain personal data to places outside the Hong Kong SAR in order to carry out the purposes, or directly related purposes, for which the personal data were collected. Where such a transfer is performed, it will be done in compliance with the prevailing requirements of the Ordinance.
About Breaches of Privacy
If you believe that your privacy has been breached by WooAnt please contact us and we will endeavor to resolve the issue.
You can opt-out from receiving information from WooAnt or to delete your personal information from our records at any time should you no longer wish to receive updates from us regarding our developments, activities and promotions. To opt out, please send us an email with the words "opt out" in the subject line.
Changes to the Privacy Policy
WooAnt may modify and change the Privacy Statement from time to time. Any revised statement will be posted on our WooAnt website.
Complaints about breaches of privacy
If you are not satisfied with the way in which we handle your enquiry or complaint, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Contacting WooAnt
Should you have further questions regarding our Privacy Policy, our practice and your interaction with us, or to request access and correction to your personal data, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
All around the world, cities are spreading out into the surrounding land — but nature is unexpectedly asserting itself in the heart of the metropolises, as well. A number of carnivores are not just adapting to cities around the globe, but actually thriving. And meanwhile some urban trees can grow as much as eight times faster than their rural counterparts.
We talked to some experts on urban wilderness — and learned that the cities of the future may be where the wild things are.
Top image: Tom Page on Flickr.
Cities are among the most challenging realms for carnivorous mammals to live, lacking much in the way of sheltering vegetation and other natural resources. Still, as cities grow, the habitats for these animals are disappearing worldwide. As their natural homes vanish, many carnivores have rooted themselves in metropolises as a means of survival.
"If urban co-existence with humans is the future for many species of carnivore, it is important that we know as much about it as possible," behavioral ecologist Philip William Bateman at the University of Pretoria in South Africa tells io9. "Animals in urban environments will either adapt or become extinct — with the spread of urbanization, this is the future for most species."
Wild creatures in the city
The red fox, coyote, raccoon, Eurasian badger and other medium-sized carnivores not only survive in cities, but have managed to prosper, living off garbage, fruit, rodents, birds, pets, livestock, roadkill and food that people intentionally leave out for them. For instance, during the 1990s, there was a 15-fold increase in the numbers of coyotes removed annually from the Chicago metropolitan area. And Florida raccoons have reached a population density between four and 400 times greater than their rural cousins.
Meanwhile, even though large carnivores such as bears, wolves and hyenas may not live permanently within cities, they can nevertheless significantly benefit from living close to them. For example, there has been a 10-fold increase in complaints about black bears venturing into urban areas of Nevada.
Why do some carnivores fare so much better than others in cities? Having a general diet is key. Body size is another issue — large sizes can help creatures survive when traveling from one scrap of habitat to another, but getting too large can also put too much of a strain on any resources they find within these fragments.
Still, in the very long term, cities that seem good for carnivores may be very bad for them indeed. "Black bears in Nevada appear to be attracted to towns, [but they] become fatter and breed earlier there. [They] die young and cannot [breed] enough young to replace these deaths. Cities are death traps for that species," Bateman says.
Research on how animals adapt to cities could point to new ways to help us conserve these endangered carnivores. For instance, "British red foxes like urban areas with big, well-vegetated gardens," Bateman tells io9. "The trend to smaller gardens and the splitting up of old houses into apartments with more people and more cars bodes ill for foxes. Maintaining even relatively small 'green lung' areas might mean providing enough resources to keep these animals in urban areas — if, of course, people do want them there."
Conserving urban carnivores can be a tricky business. "In Australia, for example, urban environments may be important for species such as bandicoots, possums and various reptiles, but they are also good for the introduced red fox, which prey on all these," Bateman says. "Being able to identify what is good for natives and bad for invasive [species] would be invaluable."
While such work could help conserve these animals, "urban carnivores are still carnivores — best stay away from them," Bateman cautions. "They are not domesticated. They are choosing resources near humans, they are not choosing to be friendly to humans." Bateman and his colleague Patricia Fleming detailed these findings online April 19 in the Journal of Zoology.
City trees grow eight times faster.
Scientists have also analyzed how plants are faring in cities, focusing on the red oak. These trees and their close relatives dominate areas, ranging from northern Virginia to southern New England. Researchers planted red oak seedlings in northeastern Central Park, in two forest plots in the suburban Hudson Valley, and near the city's Ashokan Reservoir, in the Catskill foothills, some 100 miles north of Manhattan. All the trees were given fertilizer and weekly watering.
Large cities are hotter than surrounding countryside — a well-known phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect, that is a result of solar energy getting absorbed by pavement, buildings and other infrastructure, and then radiated back into the air. The city seedlings experienced maximum daily temperatures averaging more than 4 degrees F higher, and minimum averages were more than 8 degrees F higher.
After growing from May to August, the city seedlings had grown eight times more biomass than the country ones, mainly by putting out more leaves. "We never suspected the response would be so dramatic," researcher Kevin Griffin, a tree physiologist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, tells io9. "I'm happy to know that young native trees are doing well in the city, and that all the hard work the parks department and the Central Park Conservancy does to plant and maintain so many trees appears to be supported by a favorable growing environment."
The city also has higher levels of airborne nitrogen, a fertilizer, due to air pollution — which could have helped the trees as well. Still, temperature seemed to be the main factor behind their super-charged growth. The scientists detailed their findings online April 5 in the journal Tree Physiology.
"People should be aware that urbanization has impacts on living organisms that are not always intuitive or simple to predict," Griffin says. "For example, I'm sure most people first think of how hot the day was — the maximum temperature — when they consider the effect of temperature or temperature change, yet our work suggests that the main response may be to nighttime temperatures."
Still, "people should not think that accelerated growth in young native trees translates to larger mature trees," Griffin says. "We just don't know if that is the case, but certainly the large trees in Central Park are not eight times larger than the mature trees I work on in Black Rock Forest, one of our rural sites."
Given how half the human population now living in cities, understanding how nature will interact with metropolises is key. "With human influence spreading across the globe, nature and urban environments are inseparable," Griffin says. "Plants can adapt to these changes in their environments, and in this case, really thrive in a human environment."
Also, with temperatures projected to rise globally, "cities are special places — they might be laboratories for what the world will look like in coming years," forest ecologist Gary Lovett at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in upstate New York said in a statement. "What kinds of trees are doing well there now might be related to what kinds might do well up here, in a number of years."


text:
Several big names out there publish their list of trends that they seem happening in the blogging world. As an insider in the trenches of blogging - I thought I'd try my own - Think I'm right on, or just full of it? Read my top 5 list and comment!
2011 Mom Blogging Trends @ AkronOhioMoms
Views: 74
Sure thing Alaina, The article I read referring to this is here:http://www.synactable.com/blog/charleston-sc/social-media-seo-trend...
Alaina Forbes said:
Very nice! I would like to hear more about #2, I wonder about that as well.


text:
GM in talks with Facebook about return to paid ads
General Motors Co and Facebook Inc are discussing the return of the U.S. automaker as a paid advertiser about eight months after GM said it would stop running ads on the social networking website, a top GM executive said.
Alan Batey, GM's interim marketing chief, said at the Detroit auto show that discussions with Facebook officials were ongoing though the Detroit company had nothing to announce about a return to Facebook as a paid advertiser.
"We're still actively talking to them and looking at opportunities that come our way," Batey told Reuters on Tuesday. "I wouldn't tell you that there's a Mexican standoff here. We just didn't see the value" in the ads.
Three days before Facebook's May 2012 IPO, GM said it was dropping paid ads on the website because they had little impact on consumers.
GM has previously said it spent about $40 million on its Facebook presence, but only $10 million of that was paid to Facebook for advertising. The rest covers the creation of content and the advertising and media agencies involved.
Sources said last summer that the two companies were discussing GM's return and Facebook offered to provide GM with data showing the effectiveness of the website's paid ads. However, Facebook at that time did not offer any concessions.
Batey declined to discuss the current talks or to provide a possible timing for GM's return to Facebook, where it still has pages for which it pays no fees to market its car and trucks.
"I wouldn't want to predict if there's something, but I also wouldn't be surprised if there were some things," he said.
Also last May, GM said it would not advertise on CBS during the 2013 Super Bowl because the ad spots were overpriced. Batey said that decision remained in place.
Separately, Batey said he had nothing to announce on GM hiring a permanent chief marketing officer. GM's former marketing chief Joel Ewanick was fired last August for not properly disclosing the full cost of a $559 million sponsorship deal with English soccer club Manchester United.
(Reporting by Ben Klayman in Detroit; Editing by Bernadette Baum)


text:
In some pdf file readers for MS Windows such as those from Adobe or Foxit, it is possible to turn off the ability to implement javascript in a pdf file. Is that possible with Evince (Document Viewer) 3.2.1? I don't see any option to do so.
Or, is it that Evince does not implement javascript in pdf files at all?


text:
(visited by Reto)
25-Nov-2006 --
After finishing repairs on the bike I felt I should take
it for a test ride. How convenient that 7°N 100°E was close by.
Lucky day, I could kill two birds with one stone!
I started on R3137 and turned left at Satun provincial road 4010 in
direction of Manang. From there it was all paved roads and funnily I felt
like going in circles around the CP, but always closing in.
'Circling around' I got as close as 800 meters to the CP on the bike. From that point a
steep dirt road went in the direction of the CP. The FJ is not fit for
dirt roads of that condition, so I continued on foot.
Picture 6 shows the road going up the hill. I took the picture
this awkward way on purpose, just in case somebody would like to visit
this CP. You'll be coming from the road on the right side of the barrack
(that road didn't make it on the pic). Look for the green sign
(construction description) and the Nr. 22 power pole :-)
The road quickly turned in a narrow path following a ridge and I was glad I left the FJ behind.
The area is quite hilly and offers some nice views over the plantations in
the area.
The path was more or less in line with the directions from the GPS up until 80
meters from the CP. From there the GPS pointed down a steep slope and
I was guessing that the CP would be on the other side of that valley. For the next half hour I tried to find a way around that steep slope,
hoping for a path or something that would take me over to the other
side. But it was all dead ends either by rivers, landslides or thick jungle.
A bit dissatisfied I made back for the point where I was closest
before. On the way there I looked at the slope and then it hit me: It was
partly planted with rubber trees! Therefore there must be a path between
the trees so the workers can move from tree to tree to tap for the
Back at the point where I got the 80 meters reading, I made
past the thick vegetation which formed a barrier between the path and
the slope. And sure enough there was another path between the rubber
I got closer and eventually found the CP. It's at the second last
rubber tree of the plantation. Past the last tree it would have been
thick vegetation again.
More information about the process of rubber
production: by Joseph E. Armstrong, Professor of Botany, Illinois State University
and by
the Forestry Web People of The Australian National University; School
of Resources, Environment and Society


text:
Rén was born of the desire to create a series of pieces in the Danish Modern tradition—high quality, thoughtfully crafted design that balances function with form and is accessible to all.
Made from stained ash, Rén's tables and chairs take this distinctly Nordic philosophy and incorporate craft techniques and aesthetic detail from the design traditions of Japan and China, resulting in a collection that, although inspired by a particular place and time, is both international and ageless in its scope.
Established in 2005 by Signe Bindslev Henriksen and Peter Bundgaard Rützou, both graduates of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, SPACE Cph is a Copenhagen-based design practice that creates interior spaces, furniture and objects for luxury and lifestyle clients across the world. Through their work – which includes restaurants such as Noma in Copenhagen – SPACE Cph has developed a design process that is both emotional and poetic, instilling architectural, interior and furniture design projects with modernism, a strong personal vision and an aversion to the mundane.
Stellar Works aspires to be a true global design brand with a genuine cross-cultural approach and mind-set. Our designs bridge the past and the present with an inspired eye for the future.


text:
CHARLOTTE, N.C. — Elizabeth Warren took the prime-time stage for her first Democratic convention Wednesday to deliver a populist attack against Wall Street, in a speech intended to put the Democratic Party on the side of the middle class.
"People feel like the system is rigged against them," she told delegates at the Democratic National Convention. "And here's the painful part: They're right."
Warren's speech laced together phrases and talking points she has used over the last few years as a consumer advocate, Obama administration official, and candidate for Senate.
But to many watching on television in Massachusetts and around the country, it was an introduction, a chance for the Democratic candidate to boost her campaign against Senator Scott Brown, a Republican. For the partisans in the hall, it was vindication for their anger at Republican policies, and it brought them to their feet.
Warren is a star of the Democratic left. And before she even began speaking, the crowd chanted her name. The audience roared when she rebuked Mitt Romney's oft-quoted line that corporations are people.
"No, Governor Romney, corporations are not people," she said. "People have hearts, they have kids, they get jobs, they get sick, they cry, they dance. They live, they love, and they die."
The rhetoric from the Harvard Law School professor was decidedly unwonky and unprofessorial, instead striking a folksy tone she often uses in an effort to tap middle class outrage.
"I had an idea for a consumer financial protection agency to stop the ripoffs," she said.
Warren spoke about her upbringing in Oklahoma "on the ragged edge of the middle class," about encounters with anxious voters who are drowning in debt, about America's history of progressive reform, and about Obama's fight against lobbyists to create the federal consumer protection agency.
She did not mention Brown at all, instead focusing on Romney. But she clearly tried to define the election as a choice between the parties, even as Brown has tried to define it as a choice between individuals.
While Wednesday night's speech was clearly an opportunity for Warren, it remains unknown whether the attack lines that inspired Democratic activists will sway the more moderate voters who will decide the election.
The climax was devoted to linking her time as a Methodist Sunday school teacher with the legacy of Senator Edward M. Kennedy, who long held the Senate seat she is trying to recapture from Brown. She quoted Scripture (Matthew 25:40), citing the notion that "we are bound to each other and called to act."
"Senator Kennedy understood that call," she said, invoking the senator's emotional address four years ago, at the final convention before he died.
Warren's spot in the lineup positioned her as the opening act for former president Bill Clinton. The Massachusetts Democrat — who often speaks quickly and gestures emphatically on the campaign trail — offered a more deliberate oratorical style Wednesday. Along with promoting her own candidacy, her speech portrayed Obama as a fighter for the middle class, against rich and powerful opponents bent on killing the consumer protection agency.
"American families didn't have an army of lobbyists on our side, but what we had was a president – President Obama — leading the way," she said.
Hours before Warren delivered the speech, the Brown campaign sent a memo to reporters, reminding them that Brown crossed party lines to cast a crucial vote to approve the consumer agency. Brown's aides cited praise of his vote from top Democrats, including the bill's author, Representative Barney Frank.
The Warren speech was full of references to a middle class getting "hammered," a favorite line of hers on the campaign trail. It defined Republicans as the party of "I've got mine, the rest of you are on your own."
"Republicans say they don't believe in government," she said. "Sure they do. They believe in government to help themselves and their powerful friends."
But even in making a stinging argument against the GOP, corporations, and tax breaks that benefit the wealthy, Warren tried to insulate herself from charges of class warfare.
Middle-class people, she said, "don't resent that someone else makes more money.
"We're Americans. We celebrate success. We just don't want the game to be rigged."
The speech came amid grumbling among some Democrats that Warren's campaign, and particularly her advertisements, have not been as well executed as Brown's.
"Folks, this is a tough campaign, but it's very winnable," former governor Michael Dukakis said at a breakfast with state delegates Wednesday morning, bringing the issue into the open. "Yeah, I know Elizabeth's media hasn't been as good as it should be, and she knows that, and I think you're going to see some significant changes."
A top Warren adviser later denied there would be any such changes in the ads, which were produced by Mandy Grunwald, a former aide to President Clinton.
Brown spent Wednesday trying to reinforce his bipartisan credentials, taking a tour of East Boston with Robert Travaglini, a Democrat and former president of the state Senate, and rolling out the endorsement of a Waltham city councilor who is also a Democrat.
Staff writer Glen Johnson contributed to this article. Noah Bierman can be reached at nbierman@ globe.com. Follow him on Twitter @noahbierman.


text:
Students join Saybrook's Social Transformation Concentration because they want to make a difference in the world: now Saybrook can offer them an opportunity to help reform government while they study.
This month Saybrook, the global leader in humanistic education and thought, has announced an agreement with Public Citizen, one of America's leading consumer advocacy organizations.
Dr. Craig Holman, Public Citizen's Legislative Representative and an ethics consultant for the Obama Administration, has agreed to take on interns from Saybrook for his office.
"I research and manage issues in lobbying, campaign finance, and government ethics, so an intern for me would do work in these areas," Holman said. "That sort of research invariably is used to make policy recommendations. Hopefully, we'll have Saybrook students helping improve our understanding of these issues in a way that will impact the way government operates."
At present Holman is performing a survey on European attitudes towards lobbying reform. "Many European countries are debating lobbying reform, so they asked me for my insight on that," he said. Interns, who will apply through the Public Citizen internship program, could start as early as the spring semester, and could assist with this or a number of domestically focused projects.
Holman said he has confidence that Saybrook students can make a real contribution, and that he is willing to work with their schedules. "The exact terms of the internship will depend on the needs of the intern."
Joel Federman, who directs Saybrook's Social Transformation Concentration and its Human Science—Transformative Social Change MA Specialization, said he is thrilled at the opportunity this represents for Saybrook students.
"Public Citizen is one of the nation's premiere public advocacy organizations, and Dr. Holman is respected around the world as a scholar and activist in the areas of governmental ethics, campaign finance reform, and the initiative/referendum process," Federman said. "We're thrilled that he has agreed to work with Saybrook students who want hands-on experience in reforming government and expanding democracy."


text:
Stop what you're doing. Watch this. Repeat after us: What the ever-loving what?!
Vizio's Latest TVs Go All Quantum
This footage comes from the 2012 Japan Juggling Festival, held this year in Tokyo. The
wizard artist you're watching is named Akihiro Yanai "Yanazo", and he's performing what is known as "contact juggling," whereby a ball or ball is rolled, tossed, balanced and bounced around using only the juggler's body. Yanazo keeps this up for six minutes, adding orbs to his routine until he's manipulating a total of three spheres.
His performance earned him a first-place finish at JJF2012, and it's not hard to see why. It is, in a word, remarkable. Seriously. Kick back, relax, and enjoy your six-minute vacation from the laws of physics.
[Via COLOSSAL]


text:
(32) works in category
(b. 1939)Strelnikov's art finds its inspiration in the landscape and environment of the Black Sea.He...
(b. 1939)Strelnikov's art finds its inspiration in the landscape and environment of the Black Sea.He seems fascinated by the ancient civilisations which lived there making formal links with the ancient Slavic icons, as well as the "stone women" found in the steppes near the Black Sea.Strelnikov is widely represented in museums and in private collections and has exhibited internationally. Strelnikov is one of the most important of the "Odessa Group".Private unofficial exhibitions in the USSR. From 1979 in Munich (Ukrainian Free University);One Man Exhibitions:1981 - Goethe Institute1982 - Ukrainian Canadian Art Foundation (Toronto)1983 - Cologne (Rydman)1984 - Margelik Gallery1986 - Atelier Ana1988 - Ulm1989 - WuppertalI'm amongst those artists about whom in the West they say: the one who walks alone. One can surprise oneself, one can surprise others, but I am a slave, chained to a galley - I ought to create my own. (Strelnikov)
Untitled IV
Price: POA
Walk Through
Summer Walk
In the Boat
The Fisherman's House
Price: SOLD
Madonna and Child
Mother and Daughter
Artists & Collectors
Fast Walk


text:
Los Angeles Angels pitcher Garrett Richards will be out six to nine months after an MRI showed he tore a left patellar tendon, the team announced Thursday.
"You're going to be thinking of Garrett once every fifth day when he was out there," manager Mike Scioscia said. "You might not be able to replace that, but it doesn't mean that we're not going to be able to reach our goal as a cumulative pitching staff."
Richards, who was placed on the 60-day disabled list, is scheduled to undergo surgery Friday. He was injured Wednesday night against the Red Sox while covering first base in the second inning.
First baseman Albert Pujols had fielded a ground ball by Brock Holt and thrown to second for a force play with Boston runners on first and second. Richards never made it to first base, as he fell to the ground, clutching his left knee in pain.
General manager Jerry Dipoto said Thursday "we'll be open" about finding a deal to replace Richards in the rotation. The Angels selected the contract of left-hander Wade LeBlanc, who pitched briefly for the New York Yankees earlier this season, from Triple-A Salt Lake.
Dipoto said that nine months is an absolute worst-case scenario, adding that the injury "should not affect" Richards' 2015 season.
Richards, who was taken off the field on a stretcher, flew back to Los Angeles on Thursday to be examined by team doctors.
Center fielder Mike Trout called it a tough loss but said the team has to keep winning.
"We're going to take it one game at a time," Trout said. "We can't get ahead of ourselves. It's tough losing Garrett, for sure. But we just have to keep winning ballgames. That's all that matters."
The Angels did as much Thursday night, capping a four-game sweep at Fenway Park with a 2-0 win over the Boston Red Sox in a game dominated by starter Matt Shoemaker.
"I think it's really uplifting," Scioscia said afterward. "I think it's important. There's going to be a lot of attention on our rotation obviously with Garrett not going to be part of it. You can't say enough about what Matty did tonight."
Richards took a 13-4 record and a 2.53 ERA into Wednesday's game in what has been a breakout season for the 26-year-old right-hander. He entered the game having struck out 100 batters in 100 1/3 innings since June 4 while posting a 1.79 ERA. Richards was tied with Felix Hernandez for the American League lead in batting average against.
This is another blow to the Angels' rotation. Tyler Skaggs has already been lost to Tommy John surgery that will sideline him until the start of the 2016 season.
On Monday, the Angels took over sole possession of first place in the AL West for the first time since May 15, 2011.
Information from The Associated Press was used in this report.