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New Year: Pastors Reflect on Mistakes Made, Lessons Learned in 2011
There is a lot to be learned from our mistakes, although not everyone is willing to share their failures with others. Several pastors, however, have decided to take a look back at the mistakes they made in 2011 and share what they learned with The Christian Post.
Pastor Charles Hill says he could go "on and on" about the mistakes he made in ministry in 2011, but offered CP just a few specifics.
"I tend to use my best gift (communication/leading) to be my worst enemy at times," he said in an email on Friday. "I communicate too quickly at times and shoot from the hip with leadership decisions (though my gut/spirit is usually correct). People don't like that as much as I do...so learning to slow down the process at times is getting better for me, but something I am still growing at."
Hill's Facebook page says he is "Technically Unemployed," but that doesn't mean his resume isn't impressive.
He is the founder of New Hope Community Church in Loudenville, Ohio, a multisite church which even has one location in China. He is also the creator of the Sticks Conferences, which are regular gatherings of small town pastors who want to learn how to lead in a big way.
He recently left One Community Church, a church plant he started in South Jordan, Utah, that witnesses to the predominantly Mormon community there, after realizing he had lost his passion for ministering there and seeing both he and his wife struggle with depression. He and his family moved to Central Ohio.
On a personal level, Hill says he occasionally treated his family poorly in 2011, "chalking it up to 'stress' and transition and trying to act like that is a good reason or reasonable excuse to treat those I love the most in a poor way."
But of all the things he learned in the last year, Hill says the greatest lesson was this: "That God does not want us to lay down our lives for his church. Only He can do that, and He did that quite well."
"We are called to LOVE GOD and LOVE OUR NEIGHBOR, and a church will flow out of that. You cannot just have a passion for HIS CHURCH and expect love for people to come from that...it is the other way around," he said. "That is why we moved to the craziest of places after being offered some pretty nice jobs to interview for...because we have a deep love for the people of Ohio and out of that will flow His church and His kingdom."
Hill said admitting mistakes is difficult for pastors because they are "human and prideful."
But Dean Curry, lead pastor of Life Center in Tacoma, Wash., jokingly said that so many of his mistakes are committed publicly that "admitting them seems redundant."
In his ministry, Curry "made the mistake of moving too fast this year" and noted that "being 'slow to hire' really helps." In his personal life, he said he should have spent more time with his friends.
Curry will take two-days in January to pray and fast, as a sort of beginning-of-the-year evaluation of both himself and his ministry.
The most important thing he learned this past year, Curry said, is that he should "wait on the Lord."
"I now spend almost 60 percent of my time just listening," he said. "It's changed me."
Rick Warren, pastor of Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, Calif., and author of The Purpose Driven Life, opened up to pastors in a webcast on Wednesday. Although he did not share many mistakes he made in 2011, he did share a number of leadership lessons that he learned, some of which are listed below.
Rick Warren's 2011 Leadership Lessons:
- Life is too short to act on every good idea. You have to focus on God's ideas...Often I'll get a dozen good ideas by lunch, but that doesn't mean we're going to act on all of them.
- The number one factor that keeps staff motivated is not money, and it is not recognition, and it is not goals, and it is not even relationships...it's progress. If people see progress in their work, then they're committed to it.
- Sometimes inaction is the wisest action. Don't be in a hurry to make a decision...Hurry is the death of prayer.
- Godly leaders focus on correcting their own faults, but losers focus on correcting others faults.
- Strong sermons only have one big point. Weak sermons are a bunch of small points tied together.
- God often uses opposition to open doors for you.
- Correct privately, commend publicly.
- It's far more important for a leader to know the right questions, and who to ask, than to know all the answers.


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Press Release: Carnegie Mellon's College of Engineering Names Allen L. Robinson To Head Dynamic Mechanical Engineering Department
Mechanical Engineering Professor Tapped To Lead Department for Novel Research That Improves Policy Assessments of Air Pollution and Global Climate
Contact: Chriss Swaney / 412-268-5776 / email@example.com
PITTSBURGH—Carnegie Mellon University's College of Engineering has named Allen L. Robinson head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, effective Feb. 15. He succeeds Nadine Aubry, who left in July to become dean of the College of Engineering at Northeastern University.
"I am both thrilled and honored to be named to lead such a talented and diverse team of academic professionals. I look forward to continuing the outstanding research and educational leadership so endemic to the field of mechanical engineering," said Robinson, who is currently a professor in the departments of Atmospheric Science and Mechanical Engineering at Colorado State University.
Prior to joining the faculty at Colorado State, Robinson was on the faculty at CMU's College of Engineering for 14 years with a joint appointment in the departments of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering and Public Policy. As a professor at CMU, he served as chair of the graduate committee in mechanical engineering, helping to implement a direct Ph.D. program and to substantially grow the masters program. Robinson also is one of the founders of the Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, a multidisciplinary center involving faculty and students from the College of Engineering and the Mellon College of Science.
"I am very pleased that Allen will join the college leadership team as the new department head of mechanical engineering. His reputation for high quality research, passion for teaching undergrads and graduates, commitment to professional service and collegiality make him an excellent choice for this position," said James H. Garrett, Jr., dean of CMU's top-ranked College of Engineering and the Thomas Lord Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Robinson's novel research has transformed how scientists, engineers and policymakers view fine particle emissions from cars, trucks, wildfires and other combustion processes. Over the past several years, Robinson has led the development of a major new research thrust to quantify how unconventional gas development impacts the climate and air quality.
From 2008 to 2010, Robinson served as treasurer for the American Association for Aerosol Research, leading the development of an endowment policy for the organization. He also currently serves on several professional boards, including the Health Effects Institute Research Committee, the Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) Air Monitoring and Methods Subcommittee, the editorial advisory board of "Aerosol Science and Technology" and the editorial board of "Progress in Energy and Combustion Science."
The winner of many academic accolades, he received the CIT Outstanding Research Award in 2010, the Ahrens Career Development Chair in Mechanical Engineering in 2005 and the George Tallman Ladd Outstanding Young Faculty Award in 2000. In 2009, he was awarded a fellowship from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science at the University of Colorado, allowing him to spend a year studying air quality and climate at NOAA in Boulder.
Robinson holds a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from Stanford University (1990), and a master's degree (1993) and Ph.D. (1966) in mechanical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley.
He is married to Kathy Lachenauer and they have two sons: Jack, 12, and Gus, 10.

subset: commoncrawl


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Blade server review: Dell, HP, IBM battle for the virtual data center
InfoWorld tests the Intel Westmere-packing Dell PowerEdge M1000e, HP BladeSystem c7000, and IBM BladeCenter H blade server systems
Every once in a while, a major comparative review comes together at exactly the right time, where tests of actual shipping products reveal the impact of just-released technology in no uncertain terms. This review is one of those times. Blade servers from Dell, HP, and IBM -- all three sporting the latest Xeon 5600 (aka Westmere) CPU -- arrived at our test facility at the University of Hawaii before Intel had even officially introduced the chip. As it turns out, our benchmarks reveal that Westmere carries blades to new heights.
Although the start of the InfoWorld blade server shoot-out of 2010 was marked by a natural disaster and hampered by Murphy's Law, we persevered and spent two weeks beating up the best blade systems on the market to find their highs and lows. We built custom power monitoring loops, drank way too many lattes, and worked long into the Hawaiian nights as we ran the Dell, HP, and IBM blade solutions through a gauntlet of tests. They didn't flinch.
[ Read the individual reviews of the Dell PowerEdge M1000e, HP BladeSystem c7000, IBM BladeCenter H, and the Supermicro SuperBlade. ]
We also managed to add a budget-friendly Supermicro blade chassis into the mix. Where a Dell, HP, or IBM chassis with four blades starts upward of $40,000, the Supermicro solution costs a mere fraction of that. It is not in the same class as the big three blade systems, but it's an interesting option for shops that may not need the latest features or maximum performance. Since it was available in the lab, we put it through the same paces.
As with our previous blades shoot-out, all the testing was conducted at the University of Hawaii ANCL (Advanced Network Computing Lab) facilities on Oahu, facilitated by lab director, networking guru, and fellow InfoWorld contributor Brian Chee.
Blade server triathlon
The test plan this time around was quite different from the blade server shoot-out we ran in 2007. Gone are the HPC benchmarks, as we opted for a suite of custom VMware tests and an array of real-world performance metrics. The VMware tests were composed of a single large-scale custom LAMP application -- a load-balancer running Nginx, four Apache Web servers, and two MySQL servers -- laid out with sufficient vCPU and RAM resources to oversubscribe the physical and logical CPUs in each blade.
The workload was designed to mimic a real-world Web app usage model, with a weighted mix of static and dynamic content and randomized database updates, inserts, and deletes. This load was generated at specific concurrency levels, starting at 50 concurrent connections and ramping up to 200. The sweet spot on all the blades was the 150 concurrent connections mark, so we used those numbers for the published results. These VMware tests were run first on one, then across two blades. The blades were running VMware ESX 4 and controlled by a dedicated vCenter instance.
The other real-world tests were an array of common single-threaded tasks run simultaneously at levels that met and eclipsed the logical CPU count on each blade, running all the way up to an 8x oversubscription of physical cores. These tests included LAME MP3 conversions of 155MB WAV files, MP4-to-FLV video conversions of 155MB video files, gzip and bzip2 compression tests, and MD5 sum tests -- the same benchmarks we used last week to compare the new Intel Westmere-EP and prior generation Nehalem-EP CPUs. They represent a good cross-section of actual workloads and proved to be consistent markers of overall blade performance.
|InfoWorld Scorecard
Serviceability (10.0%)
Performance (20.0%)
Availability (20.0%)
Scalability (20.0%)
Value (10.0%)
Management (20.0%)
Overall Score (100%)
|Dell PowerEdge M1000e
|HP BladeSystem c7000
|IBM BladeCenter H
|Supermicro SuperBlade


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High Court Upholds Wedding Photo Discrimination Ruling
WASHINGTON (AP) — The Supreme Court has turned down an appeal from a commercial photography business in New Mexico that objects to taking pictures of same-sex wedding ceremonies.
The justices on Monday left in place a state Supreme Court ruling that said Elane Photography violated a state anti-discrimination law when it refused to work for a same-sex couple who wanted pictures of their commitment ceremony.
Elane Photography co-owner Elaine Huguenin said taking the photos would violate her religious beliefs. She said she also has a right of artistic expression under the First Amendment that allows her to choose what pictures to take, or refrain from taking.


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Click on the image above to get the actual size (full-resolution).
Warjunkies\' Operation Vigilant Storm. Saturday, November 5, 2011. Powered by 15 out of 20 Warjunkies Personnel. Photographed by Lucas Ony & Iin (WJ Department of Special Photographic Office).
Special thanks to KOPASKA!
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This site is dedicated to the Sony PS-F5 portable record player, also known as the Flamingo in Japan. I decided to set this up as I own a PS-F5 and discovered there was very little information available online about this great turntable or its lesser seen brother, the PS-F9.
"Much as shibusa informs the eye of the cutler or potter or flower arranger, it must have informed the eyes of the designers of the Flamingo. This record player plays the disc as it stands upright, and thus becomes a source not only of sound but also of sculptural beauty." Time Magazine, August 1983
This will be a place where I collect any relevant information and images that I find, as well as a place for owners or other interested people out there to ask questions or add info.
Shapes, as well as colors, are changing. Sony's Flamingo record turntable is the best example. It is a white 10″ tower which plays records vertically with a linear-tracking tone arm. "Japan and technology: a nation looks to the future". Creative Computing, August 1984
Until I find something better, here's a video of the PS-F5 in action:
(Shame about the speed glitch in the audio- not something I've experienced with my PS-F5s except when the record is pressed slightly over diameter/ off centre, or there is a small piece of badly trimmed vinyl on the edge of the record which catches on the bottom of the player's slot. Sounds like that might be the problem here.)
Please check back or better yet subscribe to the blog's RSS feed. It would be great to hear from anyone out there interested in this great piece of musical history. Especially if you have any related info, images or stories you'd like to share with the world through this site.
Marcus Hill


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Recovering from Hard Exercise: How to Refuel
What's best to eat for recovery after a hard workout? How many carbohydrates do you need? Do you need protein? What about electrolytes?What's best to eat for recovery after a hard workout? That's what marathoners, body builders, and fitness exercisers alike repeatedly ask. They read ads for commercial recovery foods that demand a 3 to 1 ratio of carbs to protein, tout the benefits of a proprietary formula, or emphasize immediate consumption the minute you stop exercising. While these ads offer an element of truth, consumers beware: engineered recovery foods are not more effective than standard foods. The purpose of this article is to educate you, a hungry athlete, about how to choose an optimal recovery diet.
Which athletes need to worry about a recovery diet?
Too many athletes are obsessed with rapidly refueling the minute they stop exercising. They are afraid they will miss the one-hour "window of opportunity" when glycogen replacement is the fastest. They fail to understand that refueling still occurs for several hours, just at a slowing rate. Given a steady influx of adequate carb-based meals and snacks, muscles can refuel within 24 hours. If you have a full day to recover before your next training session, or if you have done an easy (non-depleting) workout, you need not obsess about refueling immediately afterwards.
Refueling as soon as tolerable is most important for serious athletes doing a second bout of intense, depleting exercise within six hours of the first workout, including—
- triathletes doing double workouts,
- soccer players in tournaments,
- people who ski hard in the morning and again in the afternoon.
The sooner you consume carbs to replace depleted muscle glycogen and protein to repair damaged muscle, the sooner you'll be able to exercise hard again.
Over the course of the next 24 hours, your muscles will have lots of time to replenish glycogen stores. Just be sure to repeatedly consume a foundation of carbohydrates with each meal/snack, along with some protein to build and repair the muscles. For example, chocolate milk or a fruit smoothie are excellent choices.
How many carbs do I need?
According to the International Olympic Committee's Nutrition Recommendations, adequate carbs means:
|Amount of exercise
|Gram carb/lb
|Gram carb/kg
|Moderate exercise (~1 hour/day)
|2.5 to 3
|Endurance exercise (1-3 h/day)
|2.5 to 4.5
|Extreme exercise (>4-5 h/day)
|3.5 to 5.5
Example, a 150-lb triathlete doing extreme exercise should target ~500 to 800 g carb/day (2,000-3,200 carb-calories). That's about 500 to 800 g carbs every 4 hours during the daytime.
What are some good carb-protein recovery foods?
Your recovery meals and snacks should include a foundation of carbohydrate-rich breads, cereals, grains, fruits, and vegetables plus a smaller amount of protein (at least 10-20 grams per recovery snack or meal). Enjoy—
|fruit smoothie (Greek yogurt + banana + berries)
|cereal + milk
|bagel + (decaf) latté
|pretzels + hummus
|baked potato + cottage cheese
|turkey sub
|pasta + meatball
Do NOT consume just protein, as in a protein shake or protein bar. Protein fills your stomach and helps build and repair muscles, but it does not refuel your muscles. Your muscles want three or four times more calories from carbs than from protein. If you like the convenience of protein shakes, at least add carbs to them. That is, blend in some banana, frozen berries, and graham crackers.
Keep in mind that recovery calories "count." I hear many frustrated dieters complain they are not losing weight despite hard workouts. Perhaps that's because they gobble 300 or so "recovery calories" and then go home and enjoy a hefty dinner. By organizing your training to end at mealtime, you can avoid over-indulging in recovery-calories.
What about recovery electrolytes?
After a hard workout, many athletes reach for a sports drink, thinking Gatorade or PowerAde is "loaded" with sodium (an electrically charged particle). Think again! Milk and other "real foods" are actually better sources of electrolytes than most commercial sports products. These electrolytes (also known as sodium and potassium) help enhance fluid retention and the restoration of normal fluid balance. Here's how some common recovery fluids compare:
|Beverage (8 oz)
|Sodium (mg)
|Potassium (mg)
|Protein (g)
|Carbs (g)
|Low-fat milk
|Chocolate milk
|Orange juice
As you can see, after a hard workout, recovery fluids such as chocolate milk, orange juice, or a latte offer far more "good stuff" than you'd get in a sports drink. Sports drinks are dilute and designed for during extended exercise.
To assess how much sodium you lose in sweat, weigh yourself naked pre-post an hour of exercise, accounting for any fluid consumed. Loss of one pound equates to loss of about 700-1,000 mg sodium. If you sweat heavily and lose a significant amount of sodium, you can easily replace those losses with pretzels (300 mg sodium/10 twists), a bagel (500 mg) with peanut butter (200 mg/2 tbsp), Wheaties and milk (300 mg), or a spaghetti dinner with tomato sauce (1000 mg/cup Ragu sauce). Most athletes consume plenty of sodium!
Recovery can start before you exercise
What you eat before you exercise impacts your recovery. According to research presented at the 2011 annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, consuming protein before lifting weights enhanced recovery better than consuming a protein drink afterwards. That's because your body digests pre-exercise protein into amino acids (yes, your body can digest food during exercise) and puts those amino acids right into action repairing damaged muscles.
What if you feel like you never really recover well?
If you have to drag yourself through workouts, questions arise:
- Are you overtraining? Rest is an essential part of a training program; muscles need time to refuel and repair. Take at least one, if not two, days off from exercise per week.
- Are you anemic? Anemia is common, so have your MD monitor your serum ferritin (stored iron). If your iron stores are depleted, you'll feel needlessly tired during exercise. An estimated half of female athletes are iron-deficient, as indicated by low serum ferritin stores. (About 14% of all women are iron deficient.) A survey with collegiate male runners suggested about 20% had low serum ferritin. Iron supplements help resolve the problem, alongside a good recovery diet. Eat wisely, recover well, and feel great!
Nancy Clark, MS, RD, CSSD (Board Certified Specialist in Sports Dietetics) counsels both casual and competitive athletes at her office in Newton, MA (617-795-1875). Her best-selling Sports Nutrition Guidebook and food guides for new runners, marathoners, and soccer players offer additional information. They are available at www.nancyclarkrd.com. See also www.sportsnutritionworkshop.com.
Nutrition for Athletes: A practical guide to eating for health and performance.
Prepared by the Nutrition Working Group of the International Olympic Committee, Feb 2010
Campos. Manuel, S Gervais, J Walker, A Olson. Iron deficiency in Division III male cross country and track runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42(5 Supplement):Abstract 2821
Lee, Choi Hyun, J Kim, K Hoon Park, J Lee. Efect of the timing of protein supplement on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42(5 Supplement):Abstract 2862.
Nicewonger, Christine, J Flohr, M Todd, C Womack. The effect of iron supplementation on iron markers and performance in female athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42(5 Supplement):Abstract 2822


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Bike building
The other day Carlos, the proprietor of the Soggy Bottom 100, contacted me about a frame and wheel set being sold by a friend of his in Anchorage. The friend is currently working on the North Slope for two weeks, but if all goes well, I could soon be the owner of a Raleigh M50 DX hardtail frame, a snowcat wheel set with fatty tires and Shimano XT disk hubs, and a Surly fork that "is probably as good looking as (my) couch."
Nice! Frankenbike!
A frame and wheel set does not a bicycle make, but it's definitely a start - and it gives me a chance to customize all the components, right down to burly little parts that will hopefully be up to the continuous freeze and thaw of my southeastern Alaska home. And if the thing actually moves forward when I'm done with it - all the better.
The best part about this potential bike is that it will also work well in the thick, muddy stew that passes for trails around here. It's not a Pugsley - so I won't be carving fresh powder anytime soon - but it should hold up better on snowmobile trails than my Sugar. And - in theory - be a little less like a hot knife in butter on the Susitna 100.
I haven't definitely decided whether or not I'm going to ride the Susitna 100 in February. There's always the issue of expenses, which also now include a fair chunk of change just for travel, along with gear, vacation time, blah blah blah.
Beyond the blahs, there's a larger picture, a worldview that somehow shifted the day I stepped off that windblown trail and staggered toward my new life in Alaska. Racing the Susitna 100 is a rewarding memory, now that seven months have passed and time has mercifully glossed over long stretches of suffering and some initial feelings of failure. What I have left over are ghostly images the seem out of place in any world, especially my world. Sometimes, when I'm stressed and feel a need to go to my "happy place," I find myself reflecting back to the final quarter of the race, after a freak rainstorm turned the trail to soft mush and I had resigned myself to trudging the last 25 miles on foot. I should remember a miserable place - dripping icy water from every layer of clothing, plodding through the wet snow into slow, endless darkness - but I don't. All I remember are the ghost trees, still-life shadows on the snow, the way the air was so quiet even my footsteps seemed far away ... and the finality of it all forced me to slip so deep inside myself that now, just seven months later, I can't remember nine hours passing. I only remember one drawn-out moment of peace.
When that moment comes back to me, I begin to think I would be crazy not to ride the Susitna 100 again. To revisit old experiences. To create new ones. To wield a new snowbike and a season's worth of skills to possibly even competitive level. When I think about it that way - it feels like skipping Christmas (which, unfortunantly, I skipped last year and probably will have to again this year.) All the better reason to sign up.
7 comments:
If that's the Raleigh I think it is, that fork will make your couch look good!ReplyDelete
Check out this winter bike!ReplyDelete
Jill...once again I enjoy your writing. Great description of what you felt during the race. I had to make a similar decision (the financial part)when I was deciding whether or not to enter the Arrowhead Winter Ultramarathon for 2007. It will end up costing me upwards of $3,000 ($3,000 that I don't have)with the new snowbike and all the required gear. I decided why not. I feel the need to do something extraordinary every now and then to break up the mind numbing monotony of every day life.ReplyDelete
It's so hard to explain to other people what it's like to do an ultra race. I almost always have a point in a long race where I wonder why I'm doing it but then there are the periods of an intense high. After about 12 hours on the bike, time no longer seems to mean much and everything just seems to blur together and yet I have some very vivid memories.ReplyDelete
During RAAM I don't really remember every wondering why I was doing it. Once I was injured, I wanted to quit a few times from frustration of not being able to get power out of my leg and slowly crawling my way across Kansas.
I'm lusting after a snowbike at the moment and look forward to the tale of the build. Alaska is calling me even though I've never been.ReplyDelete
Also, how do you pronounce Susitna?
Susitna is pronounced Sue-sit-nuh
Mt Susitna (Mt Sue) is also called Sleeping Lady.
cheers from Oz,
My snow bike looks looks like it will be my regular bike with some studded Nokians.... then again, I worry more about ice than snow.ReplyDelete


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Wednesday, December 14, 2011
Lookbook: Skirting Around Butterflies
43 comments
Love that skirt, it's gorgeous!! Butterflies are one of my favourites :)) xReplyDelete
what a beautiful and unique skirt!ReplyDelete
Very cute skirt! Love the asymmetric design!ReplyDelete
I LOOOOOVE this outfit Cheryl! It really makes me long for spring! That top is so pretty and I love the T&R necklace as the finishing touch!ReplyDelete
Love - what a unique and fun piece!ReplyDelete
xoxo ~ Courtney
Gorgeous look, darling!ReplyDelete
Love that skirt!
- AnonymousDecember 14, 2011 at 10:22 AM
how lovely .. looking fabulous sweets! btw, actually got a jewelry post coming up soon, with some similar necklace pieces like your! xReplyDelete
U look amazing hun,u know I love ur style and how u put things together xxxReplyDelete
Oh my gosh, you look so beautiful! That skirt is brilliant, and your photos are lovely! xoReplyDelete
I just adore Free People! This top is beyond adorable. What a deal on that skirt! I'm impressed. :)ReplyDelete
Twitter: @GlamKitten88
Gorgeous skirt. Love your necklace too.ReplyDelete
I looooove Free people. You're so lucky to live by an actual store. Sigh. That skirt is fabulous.ReplyDelete
Not gonna lie, I'm kind of scared of butterflies. You wouldn't catch me at that park! Haha!
I am back where you said there is an actual brick and mortar FP... kow cool is that??? And as always you look great!ReplyDelete
What an interesting skirt!!!ReplyDelete
♡ from © tanvii.com
You look great I am loving the top and skirt.ReplyDelete
The butterfly cluster is beautiful.
I really love the skirt, especially the detailing. Santa Cruz is so nice! -xoReplyDelete
Great post i love it!ReplyDelete
Love the skirt.ReplyDelete
cute skirt and shirt!ReplyDelete
What a beautiful photo of the butterfly! That skirt was a real bargain too :DReplyDelete
I am so happy you did a lookbook post! I always look forward to those :PReplyDelete
That butterfly looks gorgeous. :P
Oh i love the pattern of the skirt and the cropped top goes very well with it. A creative one I must say.
Love the lines on this skirt, so fabulous! Very cool about the butterflies!ReplyDelete
Love your necklace!ReplyDelete
You look amazing! Love your top and that awesome skirt!ReplyDelete
Erin @ http://www.trufflesnruffles.com
Such a fun look, Cheryl! I absolutely LOVE your necklace! :)ReplyDelete
Totally loving this look, especially the skirt. You look fab :)ReplyDelete
Sadie xx
i am loving that skirt!ReplyDelete
Cheryl, that skirt and top are gorgeous girl! I love that necklace too. Very pretty pics. :)ReplyDelete
This is one of my favorite photo shoots of yours! Gorgeous. And I can't get over the deal you got on the skirt. It's really a unique piece.ReplyDelete
That is a cute skirt! I like how you paired it with that top =] Also love the jacket you wore in the last photo, it matches with your leggings so it works!ReplyDelete
Ahh look at that butterfly cluster! So pretty!
The Red Angel Blog
Love the skirt! I can't believe what a great deal you got on it; it's gorgeous!ReplyDelete
Eternally yours,
I looove the tulip skirt AND the necklace.ReplyDelete
Great outfit.
you look awesome! love that skirt so much!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousDecember 15, 2011 at 4:17 PM
I really love this outfit and this post, as butterflies symbolise a very important thing to me, my grandmother. And I found whenever I feel alone or down, I always see a butterfly and I feel comforted. Thank you for sharing xxReplyDelete
That skirt is blowing my mind. AMAZING!ReplyDelete
What an interesting skirt. I have never seen a cut like that. Your hair looks amazing in these photos.ReplyDelete
wowww unique skirt, love ur flower tank top :)ReplyDelete
You always look so amazing and adorable!! I love that skirt...what a deal!! I love butterflies, that is an amazing cluster of them! I hope you have a great weekend xoxoReplyDelete
That is such a gorgeous skirt; you look absolutely fabulous, Cheryl!ReplyDelete
Such a nice post, I enjoyed it a lot! I like your sense of style! Wonderful photos!ReplyDelete
Take a look and if you want we can follow each others: Cosa mi metto???
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Jelena (glamfabchameleon.blogspot.com)
p.s. One more day 'till the end of TeenyB Bikini Couture giveaway on my blog!!
Great post, so inspirational!ReplyDelete
I'm definitely going to have to visit more often.
I hope you can check mine and follow me
Gorgeous Skirt and fabulous jacket!ReplyDelete


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Alumnus and Saybrook Faculty Member Kirk Schneider Announces Radio Interviews and a Book Signing for Awakening to Awe: Personal Stories of Profound Transformation (Jason Aronson, 2009)
Interview with Michael Krasny, host of KQED's Forum
Thursday Feb. 4th, 10 am
Kirk and several of the book's contributors will give a talk and signing at
Book Passage, 51 Tamal Vista Blvd, Corte Madera, CA
Saturday Feb. 6th, 4pm
Kirk was interviewed by Michael Toms of New Dimensions radio
Airs Jan. 27-Feb. 2 Worldwide (according to Kirk, this was a very spirited and informative show in my view), See Below:
New Dimensions Media is featuring an interview with Kirk Schneider, on its worldwide broadcast schedule, in January.
Reawakening to Life's Great Adventure Hosted by Michael Toms. Program 3327
It will air the week, January 27 – February 2, 2010 (broadcast week begins on Wednesdays) on stations throughout the U.S. and Australia. You can also hear it streaming for free on the New Dimensions website for two weeks beginning Jan 27th or you can download it for a small fee beginning Jan 1st. Go to "Listening Options" in their website for a list of stations and carry "New Dimensions."
REAWAKENING TO LIFE'S GREAT ADVENTURE with KIRK J. SCHNEIDER, Ph.D.
Topics explored in this dialogue:
* How our culture insulates us from experiencing awe
* Why is awe important in your life
* Why we are drawn to horror films and science fiction
* How your dog or cat can help you tap into the awesomeness of life
* Why efficiency interferes with inspiration
From the dark terror of his own breakdown, Kirk Schneider has come to live in a state of awe. He explored the roots of his nightmares and anxiety, and the habits that kept him depressed and disengaged, and found that life is something to marvel at. Now he shares the long, winding road he traveled from there to here, and offers guideposts each of us can use to find our own way. Join him as he explains the reasons we spend so much of our lives disengaged from our sense of wonder, and the many tools and teachers that surround us, ready to help us regain it. The rewards, he assures us, are many. "Awe is a vital way of experiencing life," he says. "It has the capacity to lift one out of one's narrow identifications. We so often get stuck in certain fears or judgments. And awe is able to acknowledge that we're creatures, we're anxious, we're fragile somewhat. But at the same time it points us to the more–the more of who we are and the more of what we're participating in." Inspired by the wisdom of Dr. Schneider you'll find a renewed capacity to occupy parts of your being that you may not have considered before–your most vital, essential self.
Program #3327 59:00 Minutes
Justine Willis Toms, PhD (hon)
Co-founder, Managing Producer
New Dimensions World Broadcasting Network
GO TO www.newdimensions.org or to kirkjschneider.com FOR MORE INFORMATION
Kirk J. Schneider, PhD
[email protected]


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ARM's acquisition of Dutch company Offspark shows how chip vendors intend to integrate more security features in their software and hardware to help keep the Internet of Things safe.
There are a few things vendors have to get right for IoT to take off on a larger scale, and security is one of them. Security is the most fundamental aspect to ensuring people trust IoT technology and that is only possible with a tailored solution, according to Offspark's CEO Paul Bakker.
Offspark has made a name for itself with the company's PolarSSL technology, which is already used to protect traffic from sensors, modems and smartphones. Renamed as ARM mbed TLS, it will be integrated with ARM's mbed OS to protect traffic from devices powered by the platform. The technology will complement Cryptobox, which protects the applications.
The mbed OS was launched in October last year, and will become available under an Apache 2.0 license toward the end of the year.
Unsurprisingly, ARM isn't the only chip maker that's pushing IoT security. Intel is going down the same route with features such as Enhanced Privacy ID, which Intel made available for other chip makers to implement in December. The feature makes it possible implement a hardware-based identity that can be used for authentication.
Protection won't come just in the shape of hardware and OS functionality. Back in December, Intel's McAfee division also introduced Enhanced Security for Intel IoT Gateways, which adds better security management functionality for gateway devices. The gateways play an important role in protecting older systems that are connected to the Internet for the first time.
Because of the large number of devices that are expected to become connected, getting the management right is as important as the underlying infrastructure. For example, if systems can't be updated quickly to close security vulnerabilities, hackers will have a field day.
In the end, securing IoT installations will be a challenge for vendors and enterprise IT staff.
Gartner's advice to CISOs is to start small and develop initial security projects based on specific IoT use cases. They can then build on what they learn to best protect a wider variety of systems. Fortunately, many of the security requirements for the IoT will look familiar, the market research company said.


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Old City of Jerusalem: Publication of UNESCO's technical mission Report
"The technical mission that I had sent from 27 February to 2 March 2007 to the Old City of Jerusalem, which is inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List and on the World Heritage in Danger List, completed its technical assessment on the works conducted on the Mughrabi pathway leading to the Haram el-Sharif. The mission has submitted to me their Report (attached below) accompanied by their recommendations, which I support," declared the Director-General of UNESCO on Wednesday, 14 March 2007.
"These are five recommendations," he added:
- The Government of Israel should be asked to comply with its obligations regarding archaeological excavations and heritage conservation in World Heritage sites such as the Old City of Jerusalem and, in particular, with Decision 30 COM.34 adopted by the World Heritage Committee in Vilnius in July 2006 on this matter.
- The Government of Israel should be asked to stop immediately the archaeological excavations, given that the excavations that had been undertaken were deemed to be sufficient for the purpose of assessing the structural conditions of the pathway.
- The Government of Israel should then clearly define the final design of the access structure, whose principal aim should be to restore the Mughrabi pathway without any major change to its structure and shape, in order to maintain the values of authenticity and integrity of the site. A clear work plan thereon should be communicated to the World Heritage Committee in the shortest possible time.
- The Government of Israel should be asked to engage immediately a consultation process with all concerned parties, in particular the authorities of the Waqf and of Jordan, the latter having signed a peace agreement on 26 October 1994, and agree upon a plan of action before taking any further action and decision thereon.
- This process should be supervised by an international team of experts coordinated by UNESCO and involving in particular structural engineers, specialized in archaeological consolidation works, in order to ensure the most appropriate solution for the restoration of the Mughrabi pathway.
Mr Matsuura has decided to send this report and its conclusions to the Presidents of the Organization's Governing Bodies, the President of the World Heritage Committee, and the Permanent Delegates to UNESCO.
The Director-General also announced his decision to convene an Information Meeting for UNESCO Member States on Monday 19 March 2007, in the presence of the expert members of the mission.


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(The Journals of Krymzyn #2)
Publication date: March 31st 2015
Genres: Fantasy, New Adult, Science Fiction
~ What's It About? ~
As a new order emerges in the Barrens, Chase and Sash begin their lives together. While Chase fights to prove he belongs in Krymzyn, the power inside Sash flourishes in ways no one could have imagined. But a vengeance from the wasteland is soon unleashed upon them.
After Chase is trapped deep in the Barrens, his only escape is into the Infinite Expanse. Unaware of the deathly perils that take shape there, he may be lost forever. For Sash to return him from the endless wilderness, she'll have to harness a mystical energy not seen since the beginning of time.
~ Play List ~
"The Infinite Expanse" Playlist
"Bad Blood" - Bastille
"Islands" - The xx
"Demons" - Imagine Dragons
"Kids" - MGMT
"Feel it all Around" - Washed Out
"Comfortably Numb" - Scissor Sisters (Pink Floyd Cover)
"King and Lionheart" - Of Monsters and Men
"Walk" - Foo Fighters
~ Purchase ~
Book 1
~ Meet The Author ~
Powell has a diverse background, having held several creative positions in the entertainment industry, including executive roles at ABC-TV and Technicolor. In recent years, he's authored several non-fiction works, primarily educational books and training programs for trading the financial markets. He dual majored in journalism and philosophy at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas.
Writing fiction has been his lifelong passion and goal. "The Journals of Krymzyn" represents, in his words, "finally finding the story I want to tell with characters that are able to bring that story to life." He's an avid reader and lists Ernest Hemingway, Frank L. Herbert, Stephen King, Jane Austen, and Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. as his favorite authors.
Brad, as he prefers to go by in personal communication, lives with his longtime girlfriend, three sons from a previous marriage, and their rescue dog and cat. He enjoys hiking, ocean kayaking, spending time at Southern California beaches, movies, and reading.
~ Giveaway ~
Tour-wide giveaway (INTL)
$100 Amazon gift card


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Can you say #finalsweek ?
A few tips from our intern on how to tackle finals and hunger simultaneously. Beware: it may put you in the mood for the Sixth Sense and drippy, crumbly things…
Good food can make any situation better. Even if you were experiencing the worst possible thing (i.e. traffic on the 405), think about how much happier you would feel with a bag of your favorite chips or a donut by your side. Road rage: managed.
In my many years of falling asleep in lectures and movies and on tables in libraries… I've come to realize that food has another awesome benefit: as long as you're eating it, you stay awake. You might fall asleep the second you stop eating (me), but while the munching is happening, it's physically nearly impossible to be sleeping. As I'm sure you can imagine, by this stage of my life, I am a professional snacker and I pride myself in it. I know what kind of snacking is appropriate for various situations and what individuals' snacking choices and preferences say about them. It's like I've got a sixth sense. (I see snacks, people.)
Now, there's a good chance you're an avid reader. Books are your hobby. They're the soap opera to the 70 year old woman living inside of you. They're your thing.
I, on the other hand, would love to be an avid reader, but I fall asleep the second I open a book. Unless I'm snacking. So, after much trial and error, I have finally figured out what kinds of foods you should and shouldn't eat when reading a book. Even if you don't need food to stay awake, like I do, some of these snacks might just make your reading experience that much better. DRUMROLL, please.
1. Foods blended together in liquid form and consumed via straw. Also known as, your average smoothie. These work for many reasons. For one thing, if positioned properly in front of you, you don't even need hands to consume it. You could just put it on the table and sip away with your book in front of your cup. It's just you and the straw. Pretty simple. You also get the added benefit of eating like…5 things at once. Which is great if you just really get a kick out of multitasking or if you're trying to get some veggies or fruits all up in your diet regimen.
2. Pretty much any cold liquid consumed via straw. I'd recommend chocolate milk. The most important part here is the straw, though. They just makes your life easy. Which is one of the reasons you shouldn't drink hot drinks, because anyone who has ever drunk hot liquid out of a straw knows the roof-of-your-mouth burn is probably one of the worst, and that it's inevitable. No matter how many times you try to cool the drink down, no matter how many times you engage your different 'testing' tactics pre-consumption, you will almost always burn yourself when drinking hot liquid through a straw. And that'll just ruin your reading experience, and probably your whole life. Just please don't do it.
3. Family-sized bags or boxes of snack foods in original flavors. These are things like cheez-its, goldfish crackers, pop chips, cereal, you know the drill. They are in the snack aisle for a reason, and it's because they have been perfected for your snacking pleasure. They literally exist because of your munchies. You should be able to stick your hand blindly into these bags/boxes without becoming nervous or surprised by what comes out of it. If you can't, you're not eating the right snack. The goal is to be able to grab a bunch and shove it directly into your mouth without ever having to avert your glance from your novel. Original flavors mean you'll have the stamina to keep snacking without wearing out your pallet. And family-sized is crucial because there's nothing more annoying than wanting to read but running out of snacks to read with. Could you imagine?
4. Peanut butter via spoon. Yes, it can and should go on a spoon. This applies to Trader Joe's Cookie Butter, almond butter, and Nutella, as well. You get the drill.
5. Cereal with milk. This might be a little messy, and yes, it might not be ideal for reading because you have to sort of turn your head to face your cereal bowl every now and then…but cereal is worth it. Cereal is always worth it.
1. Warm drinks like coffee or tea. I already discussed the dangers of attempting to drink hot drinks. But there's more. Unless paired with other foods, or if you're part of the 5% of the population that is actually still affected by the amount of caffeine in a cup of coffee, these will just make you sleepy. Warm milk, warm water, whatever it is. Parents give little kids these drinks in order to make them fall asleep. And even if they don't make you sleepy, these are still no-no's because these things don't really qualify as foods and therefore they're inherently just not as enjoyable. Simple as that. You also could potentially and will likely spill on yourself, since you won't be drinking out of a straw, which will lead to sheer anguish. If you attempt to prevent the spilling of said hot liquid, you'll just end up having to look away from your novel all the time. That's not what we want, is it? Goodness, why is it all so complicated?
2. Flavored anything. How many times have you grabbed a page of a novel and gotten that red hot-cheeto residue all up in there? Or maybe you're the type who feels the need to lick your fingers after eating something flavored…then you're just going to get your drool all over your novel the next time you page turn. Is that what you want? Is that really what you want? I know these things are delicious, but they're dangerous. Many of them also require things like water or milk for the washing down of strong flavors. That's just time wasted, right there. Please, do yourself a favor and avoid the flavor.
3. Small bags of snacks moms put in lunchboxes. Are you a baby? Tell me, are you a baby? Do you really want to read this novel? Because if you DO then you better be in it for the long haul, and the long haul has no room for teeny tiny snack bags. You're a big kid now. You pack your own lunchbox.
4. Soup. I mean…what are you thinking? That's just begging for disaster.
5. In general, things that drip.
6. Things that require two hands to eat. How do you expect to read with no hands? Are you a magician? If you aren't which I suspect you aren't then you should probably you know…stop doing that. Reading while devouring a subway sandwich isn't possible. It just isn't. At this point you're just pretending to read while you eat your sandwich, so you might as well just eat your sandwich.
7. Bags of things with too much variety. Unless you like all of the items within that variety. For instance, chex mix. Do you like those awkward circular pretzels? Bleh. Next.
8. Foods that are so good you can't help but think about them as you eat. My god…it's just…it's just so good.
9. Things that crumb. There are few things as frustrating as getting crumbs stuck in the seam of your novel. Trying to get them out just means you make more and more, progressively smaller crumbs out of the one large one you dropped in the first place. They crumble exponentially until there's nothing to grab and you're left feeling sad and defeated. Don't do that to yourself. It's masochism. I don't care how much you love those fancy croissants or slices of toast with jam. It's just not going to work.
10. Anything with melted chocolate. This is the most painful "don't." But we all know…chocolate gets everywhere. You eat a cookie that's fresh out of the oven and somehow five minutes later you have chocolate on your shirt, your fingers, your face- and in this case, your book. No good. Just no good. Brown smudges on novels just invite inquisitive questions later on. Just try to fight it and stay away.
Let the snacking begin!


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Sue Butler opted to skip racing the SSCXWC and defend her claim on the Golden Speedo to instead race for UCI points in France. Would she regret it? The Portland-based rider from the Monavie-Cannondale Team checks in with a diary entry below.
Perhaps I chose to go to Nommay to avoid racing in the gold bikini. And to have to get another tattoo? No Way!
But I really didn't know the dates conflicted when I booked the ticket. Seriously.
Traveling to Europe for the weekend is never easy, but going a second time helps. And having Katie and Mark and their wonderful host family join you is another bonus. And then to have Geoff Proctor be there unexpectedly? Heck, life is good. And I think racing a mid-season World Cup (only #2 for women) is a great gauge for me, as it reminds me how racing in the U.S. is very tame and helps me overcome my fear of Euro starts. Yes, it is different and today was no exception.
I had a great call up, so I planted myself right behind Katie and decided that I would not give her wheel away and then all would be fine up that paved straight away to the 180 degree turn into the stairs. Sounded great, but my plan did not work from the start. The crowding to the front of the grid was ridiculous. Katie actually had to shove the girl to my left back, because she literally had her handlebars on her hip. I had two handlebars on my hips as well. It makes me seriously uncomfortable, but I had Katerina Nash to my right, which was nice and reminded me of the some of comforts of racing at home. Breathe and relax. All would be fine.
The light turns green and the chaos begins. My start sucked. I did not follow through with my grand plan. Where did that wheel go? How did I lose it instantly? Lots of yelling, sudden movements and my goal became to stay upright and just be safe. The stairs were chaos as usual, but I relaxed and knew the wide open course would give opportunities for passing. I tried my best to fight for a spot and then when it settled out, the gals in white (Katie in the World Cup leader's jersey and Marianne Vos in her World Champion jersey) just rode away and I was "stuck" in my group.
Another aspect of Euro CX racing is that no one wants to work at the front of a group. This is not road racing people! The speed slows exceptionally on straights and any windy sections. I learned my limits, tested them and found that even when I would try to break free and race my race, the group would be back in no time and I had wasted a lot of energy. Being a smarter racer, I hung with that group, struggled on the run up, slipping and losing ground, riding the side hill almost problem free and yo-yo-ing occasionally on the back where I knew I didn't want to be (no one does).
Geoff yelled to let me know that the group was fighting for 11th and I really wanted it badly. My best World Cup finish was last year at 14th at the first one, so this would be great. I was fighting hard, but you let up one instant, you are off. It was a continuous struggle, getting dropped, getting back on, getting up towards the front, getting passed and in the back again. Laps of this until on the final lap I slipped to my knees on the run up and then found myself at the end of the group going into the side hill. I struggled but I made it, but there was enough of a gap from the run up that I could not close it down. I cracked, dangled and by the time we hit the road, I couldn't sprint and it wouldn't have changed my result anyhow. I was going to have to settle for 17th. Yes, an admirable result and much better than last year in Nommay, but as some know about me, I am never satisfied. I always want to do better. I guess unless you win, there is always room for improvement.
I was informed at the finish as I struggled to catch my breath that Katie indeed did win, so at least there was good news waiting! And Nash in fifth. It's good to know that I'm racing both domestically and abroad with some of the fastest ladies in the world. And now I don't ever have to wear that darn gold bikini ever again!
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Kanye West is known for his overly eccentric fashion choices, so it's not at all surprising that he decided to push the fashion envelope even further by rocking a pair of strange masks at a recent concert.
Performing the first of three sold-out shows at the Ovation Hall inside the multi-billion dollar Revel Resort in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the rapper — dressed in all white — rocked a huge feathered mask that made him look like a yeti (or, a "Kanyeti!" lol) as he commanded the stage with his catalog of hit records, old and new.
There was a huge blizzard going on behind him up on the stage though, so the Kanyeti mask was appropriate. It looked pretty dangerous up there. His face needed protection.
Later on in the show, Kanye turned his fashion game up a couple more notches when he stepped out on stage with a Maison Martin Margiela crystal couture mask and performed a rendition of Rihanna's "Diamonds," mixing it in with his own "Diamonds from Sierra Leone."
Kanye's girlfriend Kim Kardashian and MMG rapper Meek Mill were reportedly watching from the crowd while Kanye put on one hell of a show.
Ye's performances, costumes and stage sets may be extravagant and over-the-top … but he definitely makes up for it by giving fans much more than their money's worth, and you can't even be mad at that.
I mean seriously … look at that friggin' stage!
More pics and video footage are below:


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Microsoft Corp. today said it will "ribbonize" the file manager in next year's Windows 8, adding Explorer to the short list of integrated applications that already sport the interface in Windows 7.
In another post in a series the company has been using to disclose some Windows 8 details, Microsoft's Alex Simons, director of program management, showed screenshots of the new ribbon interface planned for Explorer.
"We evaluated several different UI [user interface] command affordances including expanded versions of the Vista/Windows 7 command bar, Windows 95/Windows XP style toolbars and menus, several entirely new UI approaches, and the Office style ribbon," explained Simons . "Of these, the ribbon approach offered benefits in line with our goals."
The ribbon-style interface planned for Explorer — Windows' built-in file manager — will look similar what debuted in Office 2007, was tweaked in Office 2010 and showed up in some applications bundled with Windows 7, notably the bare-bones Paint program.
Microsoft has also back-ported ribbon functionality to Windows Vista two years ago to allow third-party developers to craft one interface for software targeting both Vista and Windows 7.
In all these designs, a wide ribbon-like display at the top of a window replaces the traditional drop-down menus, small icons and toolbars that have standardized Windows applications' look-and-feel for decades.
Plans by Microsoft and others — including Mozilla at one point — to ribbonize applications have often met resistance. Complaints about Office 2007's use of the interface were fierce, but the griping was lighter when Office 2010 and Windows 7 introduced changes.
Simons acknowledged that Explorer's new look might meet opposition. "We knew that using a ribbon for Explorer would likely be met with skepticism by a set of power users, but there are clear benefits," he said.
Most of the comments appended Monday to Simons' blog were upbeat about a ribbon-esque Explorer in Windows 8, but there were some complaints, primarily about the amount of screen real estate the new interface would devour.
"The ribbon is a nice shiny new UI with big buttons and lots of color, but how will it work on a notebook with limited real estate?" asked a commenter named Toby on Monday. "Given that we're moving so much into mobile computing, I don't understand why they'd sacrifice so much real estate."
Simons countered, saying that Microsoft's data — obtained from millions of Windows people who agree to provide telemetry on how they use the operating system — showed that 83% of users run Windows 7 on a widescreen display. The new Explorer has been designed to make use of the screen's width and minimize the vertical space it consumes.
And like the ribbon in other Microsoft products, the one in Explorer will be collapsible.
The new look should also work better in situations when users opt to run Windows 8 in touch mode, Simons added. "As it so happens, while not primarily a touch interface, the ribbon also provides a much more reliable and usable touch-only interface than pull-down menus and context menus," Simons said.
One thing Microsoft won't do in is offer the old-style Explorer interface alongside the new ribbonized design.
Simons said that was simply too much work.
"We've learned over many product cycles that the work to provide this significantly impacts the evolution of the product," said Simons said. "These are tradeoffs we make in a thoughtful and deliberate manner, and are not meant to be forceful or painful in any way. We are fully aware of the responsibility that comes from changing an interface used by so many people."
Microsoft has been mum about a release schedule for Windows 8, although analysts expect it to launch next year. Microsoft may reveal more about the new OS and perhaps issue a preview at its Build conference, which begins Sept. 13 in Anaheim, Calif.


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Rehearing Denied March 7, 1949.
See 336 U.S. 928 .
Appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth circuit. [ Ott v. Mississippi Val. Barge Line Co. 336 U.S. 169 (1949) ] [336 U.S. 169 , 170]
Mr. Howard W. Lenfant, of New Orleans, La., for appellants.
Mr. Arthur A. Moreno, of New Orleans, La., for appellees.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.
Appellees are foreign corporations which transport freight in interstate commerce up and down the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers under certificates of public convenience and necessity issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission. Each has an office or agent in Louisiana but its principal place of business is elsewhere. The barges and towboats which they use in this commerce are enrolled at ports outside Louisiana; but they are not taxed by the states of incorporation.
In the trips to Louisiana a tugboat brings a line of barges to New Orleans where the barges are left for unloading and reloading. Then the tugboat pickes up loaded barges for return trips to ports outside that state. There is no fixed schedule for movement of the barges. But the turn- arounds are accomplished as quickly as pos- [336 U.S. 169 , 171] sible with the result that the vessels are within Louisiana for such comparatively short periods of time as are required to discharge and take on cargo and to make necessary and temporary repairs. 1
Louisiana and the City of New Orleans levied ad valorem taxes under assessments based on the ratio between the total number of miles of appellees' lines in Louisiana and the total number of miles of the entire line. 2 The taxes were paid under protest and various
[336 U.S. 169 , 172] suits, which have been consolidated, were instituted in the District Court by reason of diversity of citizenship for their return, the contention being that the taxes violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Commerce Clause. Const. art. 1, 8. The District Court gave judgment for the appellees holding that the taxes violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because the vessels had acquired no tax situs in Louisiana. D.C., 68 F.Supp 30. The Court of Appeals affirmed. 5 Cir., 166 F.2d 509. Certiorari having been denied, 334 U.S. 859 , the case was brought here by appeal. Judicial Code 240, 28 U.S.C. 347(b), 28 U.S.C.A. 347(b) (now 1254).
It is argued that the rule of tax apportionment for rolling stock of railroads in interstate commerce which was introduced by Pullman's Palace- Car Co. v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 141 U.S. 18 , should be applied here. In that case a nondomiciliary State was allowed to tax an interstate rail [336 U.S. 169 , 173] carrier by taking as the basis of assessment such proportion of its capital stock as the number of miles of railroad over which its cars ran within the State bore to the total number of miles in all the States. 3 The Court of Appeals thought that case and its offspring inapplicable because of our decisions in Hays v. Pacific Mail S. Co., 17 How. 596; City of St. Louis v. Wiggins Ferry Co., 11 Wall. 423; Morgan v. Parham, 16 Wall. 471; Ayer & Lord Tie Co. v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 202 U.S. 409, 6 Ann.Cas. 205; and Southern Pacific Co. v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 222 U.S. 63 . Some of these cases involved vessels which moved on the high seas. Hays v. Pacific Mail S. Co., supra; Morgan v. Parham, supra; Southern Pacific Co. v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, supra. Others involved vessels moving in our inland waters, St. Louis v. Wiggins Ferry Co., supra; Ayer & Lord Tie Co. v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, supra. In each situation the Court evolved the rule that the vessels were taxable solely at the domicile of the owner, save where they had acquired an actual situs elsewhere as they did when they operated wholly on the waters within one Sta e. Old Dominion S. Co. v. Commonwealth of Virginia, 198 U.S. 299, 25 S. Ct. 686, 3 Ann.Cas. 1100. So far as ships of American ownership and registry sailing the high seas are concerned, it was thought that if they were not taxable at the domicile they might not be taxable at all. See Southern Pacific Co. v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, supra, 222 U.S. at page 75, 32 S.Ct. at page 17. But in neither situation was the element of apportionment involved or considered.
We do not reach the question of taxability of ocean carriage but confine our decision to transportation on [336 U.S. 169 , 174] inland waters. We see no practical difference so far as either the Due Process Clause or the Commerce Clause is concerned whether it is vessels or railroad cars that are moving in interstate commerce. The problem under the Commerce Clause is to determine 'what portion of an interstate organism may appropriately be attributed to each of the various states in which it functions.' Nashville, C. & St. L.R. Co. v. Browning, 310 U.S. 362, 365 , 970. So far as due process is concerned the only question is whether the tax in practical operation has relation to opportunities, benefits, or protection conferred or afforded by the taxing State. See Wisconsin v. J. C. Penney Co., 311 U.S. 435, 444 , 249, 130 A.L.R. 1229. Those requirements are satisfied if the tax is fairly apportioned to the commerce carried on within the State.
There is such an apportionment under the formula of the Pullman case. Moreover, that tax, like taxes on property, taxes on activities confined solely to the taxing State,4 or taxes on gross receipts apportioned to the business carried on there,5 has no cumulative effect caused by the interstate character of the business. Hence there is no risk of multiple taxation. Finally, there is no claim in this case that Louisiana's tax discriminates against interstate commerce. It seems therefore to square with our decisions holding that interstate commerce can be made to pay its way by bearing a nondiscriminatory share of the tax burden which each State may impose on the activities or property within it borders. See Western Live Stock v. Bureau of Revenue, 303 U.S. 250 , 254, 255, 548, 115 A.L.R. 944, and cases cited. [336 U.S. 169 , 175] We can see no reason which should put water transportation on a different constitutional footing than other interstate enterprises.
It is argued that the doctrine of the Pullman case is inapplicable here because its basis is the continuous protection afforded by the taxing State throughout the tax year to a portion of the commerce. See 141 U.S. at page 26, 11 S.Ct. at page 879; Union Refrigerator Transit Co. v. State of Kentucky, 199 U.S. 194, 206 , 38, 4 Ann.Cas. 943; New York Central R. Co. v. Miller, 202 U.S. 584, 597 , 598, 717; Northwest Airlines v. State of Minnesota, 322 U.S. 292, 297 , 953, 153 A.L.R. 245. It is said in this case that the visits of the vessels to Louisiana were sporadic and for fractional periods of the year only and that there was no average number of vessels in the state every day. The District Court indeed said that there was no showing that the particular portion of the property sought to be taxed was regularly and habitually used and employed in Louisiana for the whole of the taxable year.
We do not stop to resolve the question. Louisiana's Attorney General states in his brief that the statute 'was intended to cover and actually covers here, an average portion of property permanently within the State- and by permanently is meant throughout the taxing year.' Appellees do not suggest an absence of any administrative or judicial remedy in Louisiana to correct errors in the assessment. Cf. Township of Hillsborough v. Cromwell, 326 U.S. 620 . The District Court does not sit to police them. See Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co. v. Huffman, 319 U.S. 293 ; Arkansas Corp. Commission v. Thompson, 313 U.S. 132 ; Gardner v. State of New Jersey, 329 U.S. 565 , 578, 579, 474.
Mr. Justice JACKSON dissents.
[ Footnote 1 ] The District Court found that of the total time covered by appellees' interstate commerce operations in 1943, the amount spent by their vessels in Louisiana or in New Orleans was approximately as follows:
Per cent American's tugboats 3.8 Mississippi Valley's tugboats 17.25 Mississippi Valley's barges 12.7
Similar findings for 1944 were:
Mississippi Valley's tugboats 10.2 Mississippi Valley's barges 17.5 Union's tugboats 2.2 Union's barges 4.3
[ Footnote 2 ] The statute, 6 Dart's La.Gen.Stat. 8370, Act No. 170 of 1898, 29, as amended, Act No. 59 of 1944, 1, provides in part as follows:
[ Footnote 3 ] And see Pittsburgh C.C. & St. L.R. Co. v. Backus, 154 U.S. 421 ; Adams Express Co. v. Ohio State Auditor, 165 U.S. 194 ; 166 U.S. 185 ; American Express Co. v. State of Indiana, 165 U.S. 255 ; Adams Express Co. v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 166 U.S. 171 ; Union Refrigerator Transit Co. v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, 199 U.S. 194, 4 Ann.Cas. 493; New York Central R. Co. v. Miller, 202 U.S. 584 ; Wells, Fargo & Co. v. State of Nevada, 248 U.S. 165 ; St. Louis & E. St. L.R. Co. v. Hagerman, 256 U.S. 314 ; Southern R. Co. v. Watts, 260 U.S. 519 ; Rowley v. Chicago & N.W.R. Co., 293 U.S. 102 ; Nashville, C. & St. L.R. Co. v. Browning, 310 U.S. 362 .
[ Footnote 4 ] New York, L.E. & W.R. Co. v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 158 U.S. 431 ; Utah Power & Light Co. v. Pfost, 286 U.S. 165 ; Coverdale v. Arkansas-Louisiana Pipe L. Co., 303 U.S. 604 , 58 S.cT. 736.
[ Footnote 5 ] State of Maine v. Grand Trunk R. Co., 142 U.S. 217 ; Wisconsin & M.R. Co. v. Powers, 191 U.S. 379 ; United States Express Co. v. State of Minnesota, 223 U.S. 335 ; Cudahy Packing Co. v. State of Minnesota, 46 U.S. 450 ; Illinois Central R. Co. v. State of Minnesota, 309 U.S. 157 .
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Geomagnetic storms aren't just beautiful to look at — these disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field could also be messing with your mind and body. There's a ton of evidence suggesting that geomagnetic storms can cause everything from depression to cardiac problems — and may even be influencing the stock market.
A new paper suggests there's a lot more evidence for this connection than anybody realizes. We talked to the paper's author, and here's what he told us.
Top image: Francis Anderson on Flickr.
The paper, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, argues that there's a large, disparate, and controversial body of scientific literature that links geomagnetic storms to a number of animal behaviors, including cardiovascular, psychiatric and behavioral changes in humans. And author Dr. James Close has the enormous literature review to back up his claims.
Close, a researcher with Isis Green, tells io9 that he stumbled into the topic of geomagnetic storms and human behavior, when he read a paper published by the Atlanta Federal Reserve (PDF) entitled "Playing the Field: Geomagnetic Storms and the Stock Market."
Close says he was skeptical at first:
Was this paper just a spurious, one-off finding, or was there a backdrop of corroborating evidence concerning behavioural changes in association with geomagnetic storms? The whole notion of geomagnetic storms influencing human behaviour seems so "wacky" that a very strong body of evidence is required before taking it seriously.
And then he started looking into the evidence, and "the whole thing kind of ran away with itself," says Close, who has a PhD from Oxford and a background hematology and psychiatry. Soon enough, he found way more supporting evidence than he ever expected — much of it in Russian, and thus relatively unknown to English-speaking researchers.
How could it work?
The argument for a connection between geomagnetic storms (GMS) and behavior ties in with an evolutionary leftover humans that may have — the ability to detect magnetic fields through cryptochromes. There's research tying geomagnetic activity to human health.
Amongst those who agree that GMS alter human physiology, one of the explanations is that the geomagnetic field acts as a temporal synchroniser for our circadian rhythms, or influences melatonin production, which the storms then interfere with. Close instead argues that the vestigial human cryptochrome compass system alters stress response in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates much of the body's activities.
Most of the research on this topic, as we mentioned, has been published in Russian. And the belief that solar storms influence human activity was a calling card of heliobiology, which was in turn part of the Russian cosmism movement which deified space and science, and was something of a predecessor to transhumanism.
It appears that these theories are relatively well accepted in Russia, which puts it on the list of odd medical discrepancies between nations, like Germany's obsession with low blood pressure .
Close is quick to admit that there's a paucity of English language research, and that his ideas about GMS influencing our vestigial compass-sense is theoretical, and "require direct experimental validation or falsification." For now, the results remain largely theoretical. Adds Close:
I do not know Russian, and was relying solely on those papers which have translated abstracts. Thus, you have to take the headline findings at face value and cannot be as confident about the merit of the work. However, there have been a some English-language reviews of the Russian literature. Also, the Halberg chronobiology group in Minnesota have links with the Russian research and have discussed the Russian literature in their papers. Furthermore, many of the earlier Russian findings have since been corroborated in the Western literature, offering further credence to the research.
While the whole concept may seem more than a little bizarre, there's a large enough body of work on the effects of GMS on various animals that it begs to be looked into more thoroughly.
So if you've been feeling particularly out of sorts recently, just blame the recent solar flares.
Images via NASA/Goddard and Space Ritual on Flickr.


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Citizenship is a relatively recent concept for Australia as a nation, having its origins in the Australian Citizenship Act 1948 (Cwlth). Prior to this, Australians were British subjects. Since the inception of the Australian Citizenship Act on Australia Day in 1949, more than three million people born overseas have acquired Australian citizenship. For these people, citizenship is voluntary, expressing a commitment to the laws and principles of Australia, and respect for its land and its people. It confers the opportunity to participate more fully in Australian society, giving the right to vote, to apply for public office, and to hold an Australian passport and therefore leave and re-enter Australia freely.
In contrast, people born in the United Kingdom and New Zealand were less likely to be Australian citizens. This may be because 'the shared language, and strongly similar legal, political, and industrial arrangements of Australia and the other Anglo-American countries lead these immigrants to feel less need to make a choice of national identity' (Evans 1988).
Despite their comparatively low rate of take-up of citizenship, Australian residents born in New Zealand and the United Kingdom were the two largest groups among the 86,300 people granted Australian citizenship in 2001-02 (table 5.53). This is in keeping with the large numbers of United Kingdom and New Zealand-born people resident in Australia. Former British, Irish and New Zealand citizens have been among the largest sources of Australian citizens since the early 1970s, when legislative changes and visa requirements prompted many Commonwealth citizens living in Australia to apply for Australian citizenship. Other residents who were granted Australian citizenship in 2001-02 were likely to have come from Asian countries, such as Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese and Indian nationals (together comprising 16% of citizenship grants), and citizens of South Africa (5%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (3%) and Iraq (3%). These figures reflect immigration from these countries in recent years, with China, South Africa, India and the Philippines in the top 10 birthplaces at the 2001 census of overseas-born people who had arrived in Australia since 1996.


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2 new ways to save your partner (or yourself) from a gunshot wound
Modern training teaches people to stay in the fight, getting the victim to stay operational until the threat is neutralized, but blood loss is more a matter of biology
When troops in battle — or cops on the street — get shot, immediate treatment has two goals: mitigating shock and blood loss. The degree to which shock affects people is sometimes a product of training. Someone who believes they will die if they get shot will often live up to the promise and lie down and die. Modern training teaches people to stay in the fight, getting the victim to stay operational until the threat is neutralized.
Blood loss is more a matter of biology. If you lose too much blood, the body can't keep oxygen and glucose flowing to the brain and other vital organs. Without these, metabolic function ceases. Catastrophic wound treatment has often meant cramming gauze into the bullet hole, which is painful and not always effective. When it isn't effective, the medic has to pull it all out and start over, increasing the pain and sometimes the effect of shock on the victim.
Some agencies have issued wound treatment kits to their officers, so they can treat wounds on themselves, another officer or a citizen more quickly and effectively. One of these kits proved its worth recently in Dallas, when a police officer took bullets to his body armor, shoulder, and leg. Another officer used the "Downed Officer Kit" to mitigate blood loss and shock.
Saving Lives on the Streets
Dallas PD's kits consist of some traditional gauze bandages, a tourniquet, and "combat gauze" impregnated with kaolin — a naturally occurring clay formed of hydrated aluminum silicate. When bleeding tissue is exposed to kaolin, substances in the blood called Factor XI, Factor XII, and prekallikrein become active and start the coagulation process. The blood quickly clots, blocking the wound path and stemming blood loss.
Tourniquets got a bad rap for many years, mainly because of misuse and overuse. People who didn't know better applied tourniquets when they weren't needed, or applied them so tightly they injured underlying tissue. When the tourniquets were left on too long, the blood supply to the entire limb distal to the tourniquet was cut off, which sometimes led to amputation.
Now that people on and off the battlefield are usually within an hour of a hospital or other advanced life support, tourniquets are having a comeback. Applied properly between a heavy bleed and the heart, they can stop the flow of blood and keep the victim from exsanguinating. Before permanent damage can occur to the affected limb, the wound can be repaired surgically.
Packages like Dallas' Downed Officer Kits are small enough to be carried in a cargo pocket or on body armor. Dallas PD distributed the $50 kits to 3,200 officers last November. Another invention still in the pipeline may be even more effective in treating gunshot wounds. This one injects pill-size sponges coated with a clotting agent directly into the wound cavity.
The Future Meets the Past
The use of custom-fitted dressings for treating bullet wounds is an idea at least 50 years old. During the Vietnam War, U.S. post exchanges in Vietnam were selling tampons at a rate inconsistent with the relatively low numbers of women deployed there. It turned out that innovative and often ill-equipped medics recognized the products as just the right size to treat bullet wounds in the field. They were individually packaged, sterile, and even included a handy string to help retrieve the dressing once the victim was in the hospital.
Working on a similar theme, a company called RevMedx is testing an applicator that is inserted directly into the wound to dispense aspirin-sized sponges coated with clotting agent. The sponges are pliable, and their small size and large number allows them to conform to the shape of the wound and stem blood flow at every point.
Each sponge also has a radiopaque cross attached to it, so the sponges will easily show up on x-rays and not be sewn into a wound by a surgeon. The applicators come in 30mm and 12mm diameter sizes to fit large or narrow wounds.
The new device — called the XStat Dressing — is in the investigational stage and has not been approved for sale by the FDA. The device has gotten the attention of the U.S. Army, which might speed its delivery to the marketplace.


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text: iPhone 6sThe only thing that's changed is everything.The moment you use iPhone 6s, you know you've never felt anything like it. With just a single press, 3D Touch lets you do more than ever before. Live Photos bring your memories to life in a powerfully vivid way. And that's just the beginning. Take a deeper look at iPhone 6s, and you'll find innovation on every level.3D TouchThe next generation of Multi‑Touch.The original iPhone introduced the world to Multi-Touch, forever changing the way people experience technology. With 3D Touch, you can do things that were never possible before. It senses how deeply you press the display, letting you do all kinds of essential things more quickly and simply. And it gives you real-time feedback in the form of subtle taps from the all-new Taptic Engine.Cameras12MP pictures. 4K videos. Live Photos. Lasting memories.The world's most popular camera is more advanced than ever. The 12-megapixel iSight camera captures sharp, detailed photos. It takes brilliant 4K video, up to four times the resolution of 1080p HD video. iPhone 6s also takes selfies worthy of a self-portrait with the new 5-megapixel FaceTime HD camera. And it introduces Live Photos, a new way to relive your favourite memories. It captures the moments just before and after your picture and sets it in motion with just the press of a finger.TechnologyA9. The most advanced chip ever in iPhone.iPhone 6s is powered by the custom-designed 64-bit A9 chip. It delivers performance once found only in desktop computers. You'll experience up to 70 per cent faster CPU performance, and up to 90 per cent faster GPU performance for all your favourite graphics-intensive games and apps.DesignA breakthrough design. Pushed even further.Innovation isn't always obvious to the eye, but look a little closer at iPhone 6s and you'll find it's been fundamentally improved. The enclosure is made from a new alloy of 7000 Series aluminium — the same grade used in the aerospace industry. The cover glass is the strongest, most durable glass used in any smartphone. And a new rose gold finish joins space grey, silver and gold.Touch IDAdvanced security. Right at your fingertip.Using a highly advanced fingerprint sensor that's now faster and better than ever, Touch ID makes unlocking your phone easy and secure. And it lets you use Apple Pay at hundreds of thousands of shops and within participating apps.WirelessFaster 4G LTE. Faster Wi‑Fi.iPhone 6s features 4G LTE Advanced with speeds up to twice as fast as the previous generation. It supports more LTE bands than any other smartphone. And when you're connected to Wi‑Fi, iPhone 6s lets you do things like browse the web and download apps at speeds up to twice as fast too.SoftwareiOS 10. It's why there's nothing else like an iPhone.iOS brings iPhone and iPad to life in incredibly personal and powerful ways. The interface is beautiful and easy to use. Intelligent suggestions appear just when you need them. And advanced technologies protect your privacy and security. Once you've experienced iOS, you'll understand why so many people love using iPhone and iPad.


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I Like Big Cups Shopping List Pads
Stay organized with our I Like Big Cups Shopping List Pads. These 3.75" x 9" list pads come in a package of 60 sheets, with a magnet for your convenience. They are perfect for all your notes.
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Send-a-problem: Making the connection between data and models
Students in an upper division money and banking course practice analyzing economic data and incorporating the qualitative movements in data into a macroeconomic model (aggregate expenditure and output Phillips Curve models).
During the multiple rounds of problem solving facilitated by this send-a-problem, students identify how movements in macroeconomic data can be interpreted and applied to a theoretical macroeconomic model.
Learning Goals
Analyze data changes (Proficiency: interpreting and manipulating economic data)
Determine how qualitative data changes get included in theoretical models (Proficiency: applying existing knowledge)
Analyze the effects of changes in the variables in the Aggregate Expenditure-Output Phillips Curve model (Proficiency: applying existing knowledge)
Context for Use
Class size: This exercise was originally designed for a class size of 20 to 24 students. A minimum class size of 9-12 students is suggested, but the exercise can easily be adapted for larger classes. (See teaching notes for additional explanation.)
Time required: It is designed to take approximately 35 minutes.
Description and Teaching Materials
Teaching Notes and Tips
This exercise was designed to extend the material covered in class. The textbook covers aggregate expenditure and output Phillips curve models but does not provide students the opportunity to analyze data and interpret how real-world data is incorporated into theoretical models.
Dividing the class into groups of 3-4 students determines the number of overall groups. The final number of groups should be divisible by 3 in order to fully allocate the three problems (each which asks the students to determine where and how the data will affect the model; the data presented are different and affect the model differently) during three rounds of the exercise. Following these parameters allows the exercise to be scaled up to any class size.
Each problem is affixed to a different envelope, with multiple envelopes for the same problem depending on the class size. For example, for a class size of 90, the instructor prepares 10 envelopes for each of 3 problems to be distributed to 30 groups of 3 students each. Clearly labeling each envelope with an identifier to indicate the different problem it represents (using largely written problem number indicators or different color envelopes) allows for ease of rotating envelopes at each round, ensuring that each group receives a different problem in each round.
This 35-minute exercise is comprised of the following stages: 10 minutes for the first problem-solving round, 7-8 minutes for the second problem solving round, 10 minutes for the final round critique round, and 7-8 minutes for reporting out.
The first round of the exercise takes a bit more time as it requires students to first identify important components of the Aggregate expenditure-output Phillips Curve model. The second round takes less time as they are more familiar with the problem-solving process which is congruent with the first round. Students should not be informed in advance that the final round is a critique of students generated examples in contrast to the problem-solving process of the first two rounds.
Students:Further considerations:
Student groups are provided their first problem and instructed that they have 10 minutes to formulate an answer to be placed in the envelope at the end of the round. After each team has had the opportunity to answer the first set of questions posed to their group and placed their answers in the attached envelope and envelopes are rotated around class in a manner that ensures that each group receives a new problem in the second round.
Teams answer a second (related but different) question, place their answer in the envelope when time is called and again pass the envelope in a manner which ensures that they receive yet another new problem.
When teams receive their third envelope they are asked (by the instructor) to read the associated questions, remove previous round answers from the attached envelope, and read these aloud to their team. Groups are asked to compile a final solution to the problem. They should use their peers answers and their own expertise to compile a final solution.
In order to use time most efficiently during each round, and reinforce positive interdependence, students can be assigned discussion roles which rotate at each round such as facilitator, reflector, and summarizer. It is important to provide an explicit description of each role as a component of the student handout so that they are indeed utilized.
- facilitator
- reflector
- summarizer
During the problem solving stages of the exercise, it is imperative that the instructor move throughout the classroom checking in on students, monitoring progress and intervening when necessary. Although instructors may be tempted to directly answer student questions during this period of time, student learning is enhanced to a greater degree if the instructor guides struggling students by posing reflective questions back to them.
Instructors may choose to alter the final stage of the send-a-problem in a variety of ways.
- Students can be instructed to critique each answer included in the envelope, identifying components which are incomplete or inaccurate (as opposed to compiling a final solution to the problem).
- Students can be instructed to read the provided question and identify the steps that facilitate the construction of a complete answer. Thereafter, they identify whether the results of each of these steps is revealed in the two solutions contained in the envelope.
Reporting back to the larger group can be facilitated by tossing a soft ball to a random group and asking them to share part of their answer. Thereafter, students toss the ball to another group to share a remaining part of the exercise. This process continues until all parts of the answer have been covered.
Alerting students in advance that some groups will be randomly called upon to explain their answers to the class at the close of the exercise helps to motivate students to work diligently on the task during class and - because the reporting out process occurs in this manner (via a somewhat random draw of students) - students are more engaged in the reporting out process.
This send-a-problem exercise also has a formal summative assessment associated with it since students are asked to complete a similar question on their final exam.