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Mises Daily Articles
Richard Cobden: Activist for Peace
On June 3, 1804, Richard Cobden was born. Nicknamed the "Apostle of Free Trade," he spearheaded the campaign against the protectionist English Corn Laws, leading to their repeal in 1846, which then spread to the liberalization of trade throughout much of Europe. His role was so great that it has been said the free market owes its existence to him.
Cobden saw that free trade was the key to material prosperity, as evidenced by England's economic growth and rise to world leadership in virtually all aspects of trade—finance, insurance, shipping, etc.—after the Corn Law repeal. But more than prosperity, Cobden emphasized the injustice of protectionism, by which one group used government power to harm all other groups, which, in contrast, showed the moral superiority of free trade.
Further, Cobden saw free trade as the basis of peace, rather than government controlled trade, which often led to war, and to the moral and economic harm of people. And, indeed, the period of liberalized trade coincided with one of the most peaceful periods in history.
Author Jim Powell describes the reasons for free trade leading to peace in that era:
"Peace prevailed, in large part, because nonintervention became the hallmark of foreign policy. Nations seldom tried to bully one another, and economic policy was a major reason why. There was unprecedented freedom of movement for people, goods, and capital. By reducing intervention in economic affairs, governments reduced the risk that economic disputes would escalate into political disputes. There wasn't much economic incentive for military conquest, because people on one side of a border could tap resources about as easily as people on the other side of a border. Trade expanded, strengthening the stake that nations had in the continued prosperity of one another as customers and suppliers. While free trade was never a guarantee of peace, it reduced the danger of war more than any public policy ever had."
In an era of occasional trade liberalization, seasoned with a great deal of protectionism for politically powerful groups, we can benefit from Richard Cobden's insights today as much as was true a century and a half ago.
Consider some of what he said:
- The progress of freedom depends more upon the maintenance of peace, the spread of trade, and the diffusion of education, than upon the labors of cabinets and foreign offices.
- Look not to the politicians; look to yourselves.
- You who shall liberate the land will do more for your country than we have done in the liberation of its trade.
- England, by calmly directing her undivided energies to the purifying of her own internal institutions, to the emancipation of her commerce...would, by thus serving as it were for the beacon for other nations, aid more effectually the cause of political progression all over the continent, than she could possibly do by plunging herself into the strife of European wars...
- The foreign customers who visit our markets are not brought hither through fears of the power of influence of British diplomats...It is solely from the promptings of self-interest...
- The people of the two nations [France and England] must be brought into mutual dependence by the supply of each others' wants. There is no other way of counteracting the antagonism of language and race. It is God's own method of producing an entente cordiale, and no other plan is worth a farthing.
- ...protection...takes from one man's pocket, and allows him to compensate himself by taking an equivalent from another man's pocket, and if that goes on in a circle through the whole community, it is only a clumsy process of robbing all to enrich none, and simply has this effect, that it ties up the hands of industry in all directions.
- Holding one of the principles of eternal justice to be the inalienable right of every man freely to exchange the result of his labor for the productions of other people, and maintaining the practice of protecting one part of the community at the expense of all other classes to be unsound and unjustifiable, your petitioners earnestly implore...carry out to the fullest extent...the true and peaceful principles of Free Trade, by removing all existing obstacles to the unrestricted employment of industry and capital.
- It is labor improvements and discoveries that confer the greatest strength upon a people. By these alone and not by the sword of the conqueror, can nations in modern and all future times hope to rise to power and grandeur.
- Warriors and despots are generally bad economists and they instinctively carry their ideas of force and violence into the civil politics of their governments. Free trade is a principle which recognizes the paramount importance of individual action.
- Peace will come to earth when the people have more to do with each other and governments less.
- The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is—in extending our commercial relations—to have with them as little political connection as possible.
- I yield to no one in sympathy for those who are struggling for freedom in any part of the world; but I will never sanction an interference which shall go to establish this or that nationality by force of arms, because that invades a principal which I wish to carry out in the other direction—the prevention of all foreign interference with nationalities for the sake of putting them down...
- It appears to me, that a moral and even a religious spirit may be infused into that topic [free trade], and if agitated in the same manner that the question of slavery has been, it will be irresistible.
- ...throughout the long agitation for Free Trade, the most earnest men co-operated with us were those who constantly advocated Free Trade, not merely on account of the material which it would bring to the community, but for the far loftier motive of securing permanent peace between nations.
- I have been accused of looking too much to material interests...I believe that the physical gain will be the smallest gain to humanity from the success of this principle. I look farther; I see in the Free-Trade principle that which shall act on the moral world as the principle of gravitation in the universe, drawing men together, thrusting aside the antagonism of race, and creed, and language, and uniting us in the bonds of eternal peace...I believe that the effect will be to change the face of the world, so as to introduce a system of government entirely distinct from that which now prevails. I believe that the desire and the motive for large and mighty empires; for gigantic armies and great navies...will die away; I believe that such things will cease to be necessary, or to be used when man becomes one family, and freely exchanges the fruits of one's labor with his brother man. I believe that...the speculative philosopher of a thousand years hence will date the greatest revolution that ever happened in the world's history from the triumph of the principle which we have met here to advocate.
- I would not step across the street just now to increase our trade for the mere sake of commercial gain...But to improve moral and political relations of France and England, by bringing them into greater intercourse and greater dependence, I would walk barefoot from Calais to Paris.
- ...our principle, which if carried out, the Free-Traders believe would bring peace and harmony among the nations.
- ...whilst we are in a state of profound peace, it is for you, the taxpayers, to decide whether you will run the risk of war, and keep your money in your pockets, or allow an additional number of men in red coats to live in idleness under the pretense of protecting you.
Richard Cobden knew that at the center of free trade was freedom; freedom that required sharply limiting government, and which produced justice by preventing government sponsored theft by one group from others.
He knew that free trade broke down the powers of privilege and barriers against people's progress, and replaced them with a system of mutually beneficial relations among all those who participated. In a world still far from that ideal, we should remember that wisdom from the "Apostle of Free Trade."


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From what I read on the internet, I am led to understand that the tracks featured on this Kenyan compilation album are not released on any other recording. Perhaps others among you who know more about these things might clarify? Either way, this is great Congolese rumba music - enjoy!
NGUASHI NTIMBO: "In na ndima ba pasi ya mokili "
All songs composed by Nguashi Ntimbo
Made in Kenya
1. Moto Moto parts 1 & 2,
2. Lacaza,
4. Nzambe Mungu
5. Bondumba
6. Sawa Sawa" parts 1 & 2.
Download link here

subset: commoncrawl


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Lentil Apricot Soup (Armenian Style)
From all-creatures.org
Vegan - Vegetarian Recipe Book
How Mary and Frank and Friends Eat
"We are dedicated to cruelty free living through a vegetarian - vegan lifestyle."
"Let no animal die that we may live!"
| Home Page | Recipes Table of Contents |
Lentil Apricot Soup (Armenian Style)
2 Cups (1 lb.) Lentils, dried
6 Cups (1-1/2 Qt.) Water
1/2 Cup Apricots, dried, chopped
1 or 1-1/2 Cups Onions, chopped
1 Cup (approx.) Bell Pepper, chopped
1 � 28 oz. Can Tomatoes, crushed
2 or 3 Parsley Sprigs, chopped
1 Tsp. Mint, dried
� Tsp. Allspice, ground
� Tsp. Cinnamon, ground
� Tsp. Cayenne or Hot Red Pepper Sauce (adjust to taste)
1 Tbsp. Paprika
(To enlarge the photo of the lentil soup, click on the photo or link)
This recipe may be prepared in a crock-pot (slow cooker) or on a stovetop.
Crock-pot Method:
If using a crock-pot, turn setting to "high." You may pre-heat the water (to save cooking time) before adding to the crock-pot. Add rinsed lentils, cover pot, and cook until lentils are starting to soften. If needed, add more hot water.
Add all of the other ingredients to the crock-pot and continue to cook at "high" until lentils, apricots, onions, and bell pepper are soft.
Stovetop Method:
If cooking on a stovetop, bring water to a boil and add lentils. When water starts to boil again, reduce heat, cover, and cook lentils, stirring occasionally. Add more water, if needed. When lentils have begun to soften, add the rest of the ingredients, cover again, and continue to cook. Stir occasionally to prevent sticking. Soup is ready when lentils, apricots, onions, and bell pepper are soft.
Serve with a large tossed salad and enjoy!
The above recipe is in keeping with God's creation intent (Genesis 1:29-31): 'Then God said, "I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air and all the creatures that move on the ground-- everything that has the breath of life in it-- I give every green plant for food." And it was so. God saw all that he had made, and it was very good.' (NIV) Let no animal suffer or die that we may live! (d-29)
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Information Directory |
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text: RWA | Philadelphia | Editorial Portraits by Dave Moser Ready, Willing & Able or RWA | Philadelphia is a chapter of the The Doe Fund, a national transitional program that helps recovering addicts, ex-convicts, and homeless "break the cycle of homelessness, addiction, and criminal recidivism by providing paid transitional work, occupational training, housing, and comprehensive support services." RWA works with Philadelphians facing serious social and economic barriers: 100% are homeless, nearly 70% of RWA trainees have incarceration histories of 5 years or more; 96% have a history of drug or alcohol abuse; and 36% do not have a high school diploma or a GED. Since 2001, Ready, Willing & Able has helped hundreds of homeless adults graduate into lives of self-sufficiency by attaining full-time work, securing independent housing, and maintaining sobriety. Ready, Willing & Able trainees, often referred to as the "men in blue" — because of their trademark blue uniforms — work to rebuild their lives and work to keep many of Philadelphia's parks, sidewalks, public spaces and facilities clean — making the "City of Brotherly Love" a better place for all. I initiated a pro bono project with this highly successful program and photographed over 25 people during the course of one year. The photographs were auctioned at a fundraiser and used for publicity and collateral for the benefit of the organization.


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Each child develops differently. At Podar, we understand this perfectly and provide our young learners with the ideal learning environment where they are not limited by anything in their endeavours to learn.
Students should be comfortable while learning.
know more
We provide access to technology from a young age.
Encouraging the effective use of Technology in Education.
At Podar International School, we develop our school infrastructure with an aim to maximize the potential of each student to learn, reduce distractions, enhance focus and remove any form of discomfort or difficulty.
Hence our schools are designed incorporating the principles of ergonomics at all levels. Our classrooms are spacious making sure the students can focus on the lesson. We have specially designed furniture in each of our school classrooms that make sure the student is comfortable all throughout the school session. Other facilities include:
At Podar International Schools, our teaching methodology expands beyond the boundaries of traditional board and chalk teaching to include technology and modern techniques wherever possible. To help students understand and visually relate to complex concepts, every classroom has been provided with projectors & visualisers. With the help of such technology we make sure our students have a firm grasp on the subject matter and are able to think in three-dimensional space.
The Schools are provided with secure and fast Internet connections secured by Firewalls for security. Each school is equipped with the ICT Lab for computer practicals. The school has a very robust ICT curriculum covering topics ranging from coding, design, web applications, mobile apps and 3D Printing.
Meeta has challenges with writing. She uses a text-to-speech software that enables her to write with almost 98% accuracy.
Nishad finds it difficult to visualise what a heart looks like. His teacher prints a heart on a 3D printer and now Nishad learns not only how it looks but also how it works!
There are innumerable examples to show how technology has helped us learn things that were difficult or not as effective using any other means. Keeping this thought in mind, the EduTech arm of the PIC ensures integration of technology into education, in a responsible way, so that it facilitates student learning rather than hamper it.
Innovation Lab
Cyber Safety and Digital Citizenship
Parent-Teacher Communication Portal (Between Us)
YouTube Channels
Podar International School has introduced state-of-the-art Innovation Labs that give students a hands-on education on the latest technologies like Robotics, 3D Printing and Virtual Reality.
Robotics and drones help them to learn programming, automation and coding. Through 3D printing, we encourage students to use their knowledge and zeal to solve problems through designing. Virtual reality helps them explore the extreme environment and faraway places.
The Innovation Lab is a dedicated space for children to apply STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics concepts with an integrated curriculum.
The Innovation Lab is an avenue to reach students who want to express themselves creatively. Podar International School wants these spaces to be where students can be creative, collaborate, and think outside the traditional boxes.
Technology can be a boon or bane – depends on how you use it. We strongly believe that controlling is not the solution but educating is. Thus, instead of just adding filters and firewalls, we also conduct cyber safety workshops for students of Std V to X and ensure that they become good Netizens.
Every student of Podar International School receives a username password of BetweenUs for online learning. Podar International School incorporates a Virtual Time Table for students to impart learning online. This is achieved via BetweenUs Portal which allows the schools/parents to communicate with each other, submit assignments, view the resources as well as pay fees online.
During the Covid-19 associated lockdown synchronous and asynchronous classes are being conducted for students by all the network schools. This has led to the generation of some top-class visual educational content for students of various grades, across the boards - CBSE, ICSE and Cambridge International. These comprise of videos based on different core subjects for students across all grades.
The EduTech team in coordination with the other verticals of the PIC created video-libraries on the popular online platform – youtube.com for each board. Access to these 500 plus video libraries have been brought together and made available to not only the students and parents in the network but also to the general public for the larger benefit.


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A grass-roots approach to finding tomorrow's umps
Baseball using Urban Youth Academy camps to discover talent nationwide
HOUSTON -- There's an interesting phenomenon going on at the Urban Youth Academy, an experiment that allows umpires to grow and learn alongside the players of the future.
Major League Baseball has started prospecting for umpires the same way that teams do for players, and a host of one-day camps around the country has begun to deepen the supply.
More than 60 Minor League umpires have been discovered since the advent of the first Urban Youth Academy in Compton, Calif., seven years ago, and an annual umpire camp there has turned into an assembly line for future strike-callers. Twelve men were chosen to attend the Compton camp in November, and 11 of them will move on to a five-week course designed to separate the wheat from the umpiring chaff.
Rich Rieker, the director of umpire development for Major League Baseball, said that he's thrilled by the progress made in finding new umpires and optimistic about the immediate future.
"It's a great profession," said Rieker, a former big league umpire. "And we're giving even more people the opportunity. We're going to the new academy in New Orleans this year. We've been to Houston.
"We'll be going to Camp Pendleton again this year for the Marine Corps. As the new academies open up, we're excited to get there. And as we develop players for the great game of baseball, we're trying to develop the umpires. Because it really takes the edge off if you have subpar performance."
Rieker said that many potential umpires come to the camp with a modicum of experience from working high school or college games, and they're looking to improve their skills or burnish their resume for a professional career. But others, he said, are amateurs who have never considered the job.
Rieker said that some of those candidates have come from the Urban Youth Academies, and others have been scouted from the military. Now, Rieker is searching for umpires all over the country, holding a series of one-day camps designed to funnel talent to the weeklong camp in Compton.
"We know that not everyone can make it out to California, and we want to be able to try to find the prospects and give them an opportunity at a scholarship," said Rieker. "Then we can get them out to Compton, go through that first step and then hopefully on to the umpire schools."
Three Compton residents -- Chris Lloyd, Richard Genera and Jesse Orozco -- were among the group that will be moving on to the next level this year, and they had an able role model in Malachi Moore. Just a year ago, in fact, Moore was in their exact position and hoping for a break of his own.
Moore, a former aspiring player at the Compton academy, made it out of the rigorous umpire selection process last season and worked through his first year on the job.
Moore, in Houston on Friday to help recruit future umpires as part of the Urban Invitational's college and career fair, said that Compton's camp prepared him for his own five-week course. Now, one year later, he's working as an umpire instructor and preparing for a season in the Northwest League.
"It's definitely an unlimited ceiling," said Moore of the academy pool. "The guys catch on and they catch on quick. They don't know much about the profession going in, but once they get a little taste of the Compton camp, they figure it out quick and they want to do it. I'm there to explain things to them, and so are these veteran guys. When the veteran guys come, we all just sit back and listen."
Adrian Johnson, one of those veteran umpires, can speak about the new generation of umpires. Johnson, a Houston resident, became a full-time big league umpire in 2010 and he's played an important role at camps in nurturing the talents of men such as Moore, Lloyd, Genera and Orozco.
From Johnson's perspective, any initiative that brings new blood to umpiring is a net positive.
It's very important when you look at officiating all across the spectrum of sports," he said. "You look at youth sports and you always need umpires. I heard about a game at the academy in Compton last night. There were two highly ranked teams, but they only had one umpire. We need officials, and we need to be able to identify people early that have the interest and bring them along the right way."
Darrell Miller, MLB's vice president of youth and facility development, has made it a priority to institute programs such as this one. Miller has said that the main mission of the Urban Youth Academy is to create Major League citizens who have a chance at going on to greater education and opportunity.
That could mean scouting, coaching or umpiring, but it could also mean a job outside the sporting world. Miller, a former big league catcher, wants to let today's youth know that they can be anything they want to be, and he wants them to be aware of all the possibilities in this life.
That's the driving force beyond the Urban Youth Academies, and it's also the motivation for the Urban Invitational, the league's tourney to promote baseball at historically black colleges and universities.
"All these guys that are coming out of the umpire camps, there's some fruit being borne," said Miller. "We had the umpire presence here, too, and we've made pitches to the HBCU teams every year that there's an umpire possibility. It's all about opportunity. Having Malachi here helps. Here's a kid who was 12 or 14 years old at the academy, and the next thing you know, he's an umpire."
It certainly didn't happen overnight for Moore, and it won't for any umpire. The journey to the big leagues can take as long as a decade, and it can take you to small cities far away from your home zip code. But in the end, it's an important job and an enjoyable one on a number of levels.
For Rieker, who knows firsthand, it's the greatest job in the world.
"It is arduous, but the dividends at the end are worth it," he said. "Normally, after your sixth or seventh year, if you're working with us, you're going to get some games on a replacement basis based on injuries and vacations for Major League umpires. When you're finally hired, it may take up to 10 years, but at the end of the day you're going to get a taste of that big league stuff in Spring Training after about six or seven years. Now, it may seem like a long time -- and it definitely is -- but it's worth it in the end.


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Have you ever wanted to explore the moon? With the free Moon Maps Android app, you can. You can choose between imagery from the Clementine Mosaic or the Lunar orbiter Mosaic–though the Clementine imagery is generally better.
You can pan and zoom in and out using the touchscreen. Points of interest are labeled with color-coded text: for example, turquoise labels indicate Apollo landing sites.
You can search the database of lunar features–as you type, results are auto-suggested. Click a result to be taken to that location.
Since the imagery was taken by orbiting spacecraft, the view is birds-eye only, and there is a limit to how far you can zoom in. However, the level of detail is certainly far greater than you would be able to see with a casual telescope.
One flaw of this app is that imagery becomes distorted as you go nearer to the lunar poles. I'm not sure why, but since I have seen undistorted images of the lunar poles elsewhere, I'd like to be able to see them in this app.
It would also be nice to be able to click a labeled lunar feature and go to a Wikipedia article (or some other source of information) about it. After awhile, the bleak lunar landscape becomes monotonous, so it would be nice to be able to switch things up a bit.
The developer of this app should take some inspiration from Google Maps and build in some more layers. For instance, the Apollo missions produced many ground-level photographs. It would be fantastic to use this app to look at them in locations where they were taken.
Still, this app is off to a good start. If you want to learn more about the moon, this is an easy way to do it. If you like this app, you might also want to check out the similar app Mars Map, or the augmented-reality astronomy app Google Sky Map.
Have you found another Android app to explore the cosmos? Contact Brent W. Hopkins on Facebook or on Twitter. You might also like other articles by Brent W. Hopkins.


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Researchers have developed a new technique that will enable them to modify specific sequences within a DNA molecule.
Exploiting biology's own chemical toolbox, researchers have developed a new technique that will allow them to modify specific sequences within a DNA molecule. The approach will not only help reveal the impact of biochemical alterations to DNA, but could have far-reaching implications for DNA-based medical diagnosis and nanobiotechnology.
Combining chemistry with biotechnology, Saulius Klimasauskas, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) international research scholar at the Institute of Biotechnology in Vilnius, Lithuania, and chemists at the Institute of Organic Chemistry in Aachen, Germany, have harnessed a group of essential enzymes to add various chemical groups to DNA, thereby altering its function. The work was published in an early online publication on November 27, 2005 in Nature Chemical Biology.
The enzymes at the heart of the study, known as DNA methyltransferases, are one of the tools cells use to turn genes on and off. By adding a simple cluster of four atoms – a carbon atom attached to three hydrogens, known to chemists as a methyl group – to specific bases within a DNA sequence, methyltransferases can effectively shut a gene off. Methylation plays an important role in embryonic development, genomic imprinting, and carcinogenesis because it regulates gene expression.
Methyltransferases require a source for the methyl groups that they attach to DNA, and most often that source is a molecule called S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet), sometimes known as SAM or SAMe. Methyltransferases grab the methyl group from AdoMet and transfer it directly to DNA, positioning it with enviable specificity within the sequence. This specificity suggests that the enzymes can be a useful tool in the laboratory. But Klimasauskas and colleagues wanted the flexibility to attach more than just a simple methyl group.
In this study, the scientists demonstrated that methyltransferases can indeed be used to transfer larger chemical groups to large DNA molecules, in the same sequence-specific manner.
To try out their technique, the scientists synthesized molecules that mimicked AdoMet, but had chemical groups with longer carbon chains in the position where the methyl group was usually located. The enzymes were able to grab the bulkier group and transfer it to DNA. Since the family of DNA methyltransferases includes enzymes capable of recognizing more than 200 distinct sequences, this new approach provided an unprecedented ability to manipulate DNA experimentally.
To demonstrate the technique's potential to alter DNA function, the researchers modified DNA in a position that blocked another enzyme's ability to snip the molecule at its target site. "No one has really thought about possible applications [of this] before because no one thought it was possible," said Klimasauskas. He predicts that DNA methyltranferases will become a standard laboratory tool like restriction endonucleases.
Earlier studies had suggested that the transfer of chemical groups larger than a methyl group would not be possible, in part because replacing AdoMet's methyl group lowered the chemical reactivity of the compound. To overcome this problem, the authors took some tips from organic chemistry textbooks and stabilized the transfer with a multiple carbon bond.
"It turned out that our first bet, a double or triple carbon-carbon bond, placed next to the transferable carbon unit, helped to alleviate the problems that had plagued the reaction in previous studies," Klimasauskas said. He likened the chemical reaction to a mechanical spring, explaining that the chemical energy trapped in AdoMet is sufficient to deliver a small methyl group to its target compound. But delivering a larger compound required an auxiliary "spring" to ensure it would reach the target. So, he said, "chemical thinking" helped resolve the problematic enzymatic reaction.
"By demonstrating the transfer of carbon chains as long as 4 to 5 units, we provide proof of principle that further extensions should also be tolerated," Klimasauskas said.
Due to their sequence-specific nature, the scientists found that methyltransferases have a distinct advantage over other commonly used labeling techniques for DNA and other biopolymers. "Our approach allows labeling of large native DNA molecules at specific internal or terminal loci," Klimasauskas explained.
While potential applications are many, the researchers next plan to synthesize new AdoMet analogs to expand the collection of chemical groups that can be transferred to DNA by methyltrasferases. Klimasauskas's group is currently working to append useful functional groups to extended chains. For example, researchers often label cellular components with a molecule called biotin, because it binds tightly to another molecule, streptavidin, and thus streptavadin can be used to retrieve the molecule of interest. If biotin were built into an AdoMet analog, Klimasauskas said, it could then be used as a molecular hook to fish out all molecules that would naturally be methylated in the cell. "There is no comparable way for global analysis of the methylation targets in the cell," Klimasauskas observed.
DNA is not the only molecule that is naturally methylated in the cell — RNA and proteins also undergo methylation, and the enzymes that carry out these reactions also rely on AdoMet as their methyl source. Since the chemistry is the same, this technique is likely to be applicable to those biomolecules as well, further expanding its utility. Klimasauskas said that one potential application might be to label various sites in the ribosome — the RNA-based site of protein production — with bright fluorophores using appropriate RNA methyltransferases, enabling real-time dynamic studies of the complicated mechanism of protein translation.


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Flower Essence Services Tansy Dropper
Tanacetum vulgare (yellow)
Positive qualities: Decisive and goal-oriented, purposeful in action, self-directed mastery and achievement.
Patterns of imbalance: Lethargy, procrastination, inability to take straightforward action; habits which undermine or subvert real abilities and talents.
What are flower essences?
Flower essences are herbal infusions or decoctions, made from the flowering part of the plant, which uniquely address emotional and mental aspects of wellness. The first 38 flower remedies were formulated by a British physician, Dr. Edward Bach, in the 1930's, although new remedies from other plant species are now available.
How do I use flower essences?
They are typically taken orally from a dropper bottle; the standard dosage is four drops four times daily. You can take the drops directly from stock bottles available in stores; mix them in a glass of water; or make a dosage bottle by mixing several drops with water and brandy (typically 1/4 ounce) in a one ounce dropper bottle. When mixing in a dosage bottle or glass of water, take two drops from each essence selected. There are many others ways of using them, such as in misting sprayers, in a cream base, or in baths.


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I work for the oldest and largest health insurer in the state of Ohio in the underwriting department. At 9 a.m.this morning, my department (about 50) were called into a meeting in the executive boardroom. We were informed that due to a provision in the healthcare 'reform' effective 2014 called guarantee issue, our services would no longer be needed, and we were offered severance So Obama got to keep his job, and we lost ours. It is maddening that some tyrant 400 miles away can have such a ruinous effect on peoples lives.
Wednesday, November 7, 2012
"Obamacare Cost Me My Job"
35 comments:
- AnonymousNovember 7, 2012 at 4:48 PM
Wow, you got fired due to progress. No different than new technology being created. Get over it.ReplyDeleteReplies
Progress? I don't think you get it. If health insurance firms are laying off underwriters, it means something is going to be crammed down peoples throat without proper adjustment for risk.Delete
That's not progress, it's statism--which is never progress.
Definitely ... I mean look how far the Soviet Union "progressed" under central planningDelete
Were you born stupid or did you have to work at it Anon?Delete
You are actually comparing this to what sometimes happens under technological progress? I sure hope that is a joke or sarcasm. If not you're as nutty as a fruitcake and dumb as a post.
+1 on Robert's reply. Insurance companies evaluate risk and charge premium to hedge against it. To get rid of the underwriting department means diminished risk calculation, which is what Obamacare requires, removal of risk calculation. It takes insurance and turns it into a payment plan because it is no longer acting as a hedge against possible loss but rather as a payment plan -- a payment plan that will fail in short order.Delete
Actually he's correct. It's progress for Obama's dream of a socialist nation.Delete
- Kent CrawfordNovember 8, 2012 at 10:59 AM
Richie has it right! 'Forward' to socialism; right out of Lenin's lexicon, just like his New Economic Plan [NEP] has been recast as New Economic Patriotism [NEP].Delete
Anon, it sounds like you voted to throw away the Constitution and nullify the sacrifices of the Greatest Generation. I hope you enjoy the disaster you have helped to create.
- AnonymousNovember 8, 2012 at 11:16 AM
Duh...All "change" is "progress" de derp, derp de derp!Delete
- AnonymousNovember 9, 2012 at 8:02 AM
I am guessing "Anonymous" has not held a job with the same company for over 25 years....Delete
Sure, one day we will "get over it" but I only hope you never have to go through something like this. But then again, maybe you need too so you can experience this feeling and maybe not be such an insensitive jerk.
- AnonymousNovember 10, 2012 at 2:17 PM
Colonoscopy is about $10.000. If you have ObamaCare Silver Plan, you have to pay about $2000 premium for family of 4. But, Silver plan covers 70% only. It means you have to pay $3000 for Colonoscopy. ACA. :)))Delete
- AnonymousNovember 10, 2012 at 9:00 PM
Sorry to hear that. This is actually extremely surprising to me since I would think Underwriters would plan an even more important role in "Obamacare" era since they would be responsible for ensuring the Insurance company is compliant with the Obamacare provisions (such as guaranteed issue) and managing to the MLR provisions. I'm sure with your underwriting background you'll have no problem finding a job elsewhere. Best of Luck.Delete
- AnonymousNovember 11, 2012 at 10:49 PM
Hey, what's "Guarantee Issue?" Sure sounds like 'denial due to preexisting condition.'Delete
And, what do "underwriters" do, but cook up costs?
The rest of the Western world gets this right. Why can't we? Our life expectancy is lower than, say, Ireland. Infant mortality, higher. And they have a tiny fraction of our economy...
The trouble with the ACA is it didn't go far enough. For-profit health insurance should be neutered.
- AnonymousNovember 3, 2013 at 12:35 AM
Thats garbage! My kids and I can now have health insurance. I make min wages and now I will get a tax credit covering it all!! I have 5 kids and this is good news. If you make a good salery than you should help the rest of us.Delete
- AnonymousNovember 7, 2012 at 5:01 PM
"Get over it"? You probably never even held a job, you have no idea what this man is going through, all for your ideological pipedream.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 7, 2012 at 5:23 PM
The first of many.ReplyDelete
Bank on it.
A return to middle age economics in which the king and the rest of the ruling class gets to decide what is good for all woohoo!ReplyDelete
Hahahaha @ Anonymous, dude when has a gov't mandate ever resembled progress? Name one instance? It's do as we say or suffer the point of a gun. Hardly progress.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 7, 2012 at 6:29 PM
Wonder how many of the 50 voted for Obama. Any reason this event occurred a day after the election? You have been Obamered.ReplyDelete
If there are no underwriters, is it really an insurance company?ReplyDeleteReplies
- AnonymousNovember 7, 2012 at 7:12 PM
Exactly. It's a billing system.Delete
- AnonymousNovember 7, 2012 at 7:35 PM
Wow. Excellent question. I think it then becomes a crony company and is dependent on being "in" with gov't to survive.Delete
What gets called health insurance is really just a savings plan where they comingle everyone's cash and let you withdraw more than you deposited. Of course if that happens more than once, they make you deposit more.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 7, 2012 at 8:35 PM
No worries! Soon everything will be free and none of us will have to work!ReplyDelete
I'm sorry to hear you lost that job. Hope you land a job in this shithole depression soon.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 7, 2012 at 10:17 PM
The worst part is that it could have been stopped by congress and scotus. That is not just a tyrant.ReplyDelete
Learn about nullification by a state and jury nullification.
It works.
- AnonymousNovember 8, 2012 at 10:09 AM
At the risk of doing Snopes' job for them, this sounds like a hoax email. The "oldest and largest health insurer in the state of Ohio" is Medical Mutual. They have announced no layoffs and maintain a full underwriting department.ReplyDelete
I can assure you the email is not a hoax. I have corresponded with the emailer for years.Delete
- AnonymousNovember 9, 2012 at 7:50 AM
It is not a hoax. I was also in the boardroom that day and received my papers.Delete
- AnonymousNovember 8, 2012 at 10:09 AM
Not the tyrant in Washington, but the tyrant "democracy" which is the tyranny of the majority of voters, 50% or more of whom want their handouts. Money must be "saved" for that and that only. Constitutional Republic, RIP.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 10, 2012 at 7:40 PM
How do underwriters get laid off now, when underwriting is still in effect for 2012-2013?ReplyDelete
An EPJ reader emails:
" We were informed that due to a provision in the healthcare 'reform' effective 2014 called guarantee issue"
I am an internist in NYC area and after being stiffed by insurance companies for years, have converted to the concierge model, where, for an annual fee of $1000-1500/yr, a limited number of patients have access to me 24 hr/day including house calls, long exams where I can answer all their questions, co-ordinate their specialist visits, etc. Anyone who was watching saw the insurance companies stocks soaring on Obamacare's win earlier this year, meaning their profits will soar and the public again pays the bill. If we keep voting in feeble-minded, corrupt politicians (campaign contributions), you cannot expect anything else.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 17, 2012 at 10:06 AM
I last worked for my company, in 2007, but had been allowed to keep my "employed" status with my company. This arrangement allowed me to keep my clearances and healthcare. From the company's standpoint, it meant that I was available "on call" for the occasional phone consult and if necessary to be brought back in to help with emergencies without waiting six months to be re-cleared. It was a win-win-win situation for me, my company, and our Government customer. (Sorry to be so vague, but that is the nature of my business.)ReplyDelete
My manager contacted me the day after the election to tell me the company had no choice but to terminate me and all other unscheduled employees. The company will be issuing a letter to effected employees on January 1, 2013, but he wanted to give me a "heads-up" so I could take action now. All the remaining full-time employees will be losing their current healthcare and be put into the employee contribution pools stipulated under the "(non-)Affordable Care act". Over lunch my manager told me that he would have to pay $10,000 over our former insurance because of the size of his family and he was not sure he could afford to do so. Losing my healthcare I am not sure what I will do to cover my cardiology, orthopedic, and other current expenses. At least I am now free to relocate to a "no-income tax" State.


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Flying Food Tray Will Deliver Food and Eventually Maim Someone
A new invention could possibly spell the end of the waitering profession as we know it.
British sushi chain YO! Sushi has unveiled a flying food tray at one of its restaurants in London that brings orders to customers and prevents staff from having to, you know, spend more time talking to people.
The iTray, which is controlled by an iPad, is the 21st century novelty version of the waitress on roller skates and comes equipped with a camera so employees in the kitchen can make sure the food has been brought out. The waiter, meanwhile, responsible for taking the order can busy himself with taking orders at another table, while silently praying this latest culinary technological innovation doesn't hurt his tip.
Yes, it's cool, but think of the downside – you can't complain to a tray when you get the wrong order, it may develop a mind of its own like HAL in '2001' and it could become so frighteningly efficient wannabe actors around the world will have to find new ways to pay the bills before they hit it so big they can afford the flying food tray for home.


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Call for Pricing
Big Power in a Small Package – The Rigid Industries D-Series LED Light is one of the most versatile lighting products on the market today. It produces extremely high output while consuming very little power. Its compact size and shape allow the D-Series LED Light to fit almost anywhere and be used for virtually any lighting application. The D-Series Dually's have gained steam in use as fog lights, scene lighting applications, as well as marine spreader lights.


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Google SketchUp for Game Design - Beginners Guide
Create 3D game worlds complete with textures, levels and props with Google SketchUp for Game Design: Beginner's Guide.
Creating video game environments similar to the best 3D games on the market is now within the capability of hobbyists for the first time, with the free availability of game development software such as Unity 3D, and the ease with which groups of enthusiasts can get together to pool their skills for a game project. The sheer number of these independent game projects springing up means there is a constant need for game art, the physical 3D environment and objects that inhabit these game worlds. Now thanks to Google there is an easy, fun way to create professional game art, levels and props.
Google SketchUp is the natural choice for beginners to game design. This book provides you with the workflow to quickly build realistic 3D environments, levels, and props to fill your game world. In simple steps you will model terrain, buildings, vehicles, and much more.
Google SketchUp is the ideal entry level modeling tool for game design, allowing you to take digital photographs and turn them into 3D objects for quick, fun, game creation. SketchUp for Game Design takes you through the modeling of a game level with SketchUp and Unity 3D, complete with all game art, textures and props. You will learn how to create cars, buildings, terrain, tools and standard level props such as barrels, fencing and wooden pallets. You will set up your game level in Unity 3D to create a fully functional first person walk-around level to email to your friends or future employers.
What you will learn from this book:
eBook Details


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(Reuters) – Colombia's FARC rebels kidnapped three oil workers and killed four soldiers in the nation's south, while they blew up an energy tower in the north, military sources said, in a sign the group is stepping up pressure during peace talks.
The kidnappings and other violent incidents on Wednesday came days after the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, made clear during the negotiations in Cuba that it would continue to capture armed forces members even as talks continue.
The oil workers were contracted as engineers by Canada's Gran Tierra Energy, according to an email from the Colombian air force overnight. Company officials in Canada and Bogota were not immediately available to comment.
The air force was hunting for the contractors, the statement said. They were believed to be Colombians.
President Juan Manuel Santos' government and Marxist rebels have been engaged in peace negotiations in Havana since November, trying to reach a settlement to a war that has defied all past attempts for resolution.
The FARC, the biggest and oldest armed group in Latin America, also seized two police patrolmen in a southwestern province last weekend – the first kidnapping of security forces since the group said last year it would stop taking hostages to finance its activities.
The rebels have in the past seized oil workers for ransom and to disrupt economic interests.
While the FARC has said it would stop kidnapping to fund its war against the government, it never said it would stop taking members of the armed forces as "prisoners of war." In April of last year it released all government forces under its control.
An escalation of hostilities could affect the progress of the peace talks in Cuba. Santos has said he wants to achieve an agreement within a year.


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Facing Stiffened Opposition, Obama Goes It Alone
President Obama, faced with what he described as an "increasingly dysfunctional" Congress, has turned repeatedly in recent weeks to the time-honored, but often controversial executive order to unilaterally make policy.
On Monday, Obama signed an executive order designed to require drug companies to report anticipated manufacturing shortages in advance. Last week, he said he would issue an executive order designed to help ease home-refinancing rules. And earlier in the same week, the president issued a directive to cap student loan payments.
The moves bear more than a slight resemblance to a strategy adopted by President Clinton, who issued a slew of executive orders ahead of the 1996 election. But Clinton was far from the only president to use the strategy.
"I think it's taking a page from a lot of previous presidents, frankly," said William Howell, a professor of American politics at the University of Chicago.
"When presidents can't get stuff done, they can't advance a policy agenda ... they have a strong incentive to exercise these unilateral powers," he said.
The executive order almost always generates controversy. There's no explicit authorization in the Constitution for presidents to issue executive orders, but there is a grant of executive power that allows the president to ensure that "laws be faithfully executed."
The first executive order was issued by President George Washington in 1789. Some of the most famous and infamous acts of government came in the form of executive orders — everything from Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation to Franklin D. Roosevelt's order to detain Japanese-Americans during World War II.
Presidents Give And Take Away
Even though the orders can be — and frequently are — easily rescinded by a succeeding president of another party, they can make short-term political points with a public that expects its president "to get things done," Howell says.
And while Congress could block an executive order either by passing legislation opposing it outright or simply refusing to fund it, the president still has a veto.
The executive order "tends to be used in those cases where the president says, 'Look, I can't produce majorities or supermajorities required to enact legislation ... but the opposition isn't so strong that if I just set policy that they will be able to overturn it," Howell said.
Jonathan Turley, a law professor at George Washington University, agreed. "The fact is a president knows that for a great many things that he does, Congress would be hard-pressed to mount an opposition or overcome a veto," Turley said.
That still leaves the possibility of judicial challenge, which is what happened in 1952 when the Supreme Court ruled that President Truman didn't have the authority to order the seizure of steel mills during a nationwide labor strike. In 1996, a federal appeals panel nullified an executive order from Clinton to prevent the U.S. government from contracting with organizations that hired strikebreakers.
That's an extremely dangerous thing for a system based on checks and balances.
In recent years, however, the Supreme Court has generally made it harder to challenge a president's actions, Turley said, leaving the president with "unchecked power."
"That's an extremely dangerous thing for a system based on checks and balances," Turley said.
"Particularly starting from Bill Clinton and later we have seen more of these controversial executive orders," he said. "George W. Bush also issued a great number. Particularly after 9/11, we have seen more and more."
"The problem is that half the public is always happy with the executive order in our divided politics, so all the Democrats who were greatly aggrieved by George W. Bush's executive orders are now conspicuously silent," he said.
Turley said Obama's claim that "we can't wait" for Congress was "the worst possible defense" for the use of executive orders — one that appears to justify defying the legislative branch. But Howell sees one recent example where the president might have done well to brandish the power, yet did not.
"I for one thought it was something of a mistake that Obama didn't at least threaten to unilaterally lift the debt ceiling," he said. "The mere threat of doing so might have informed the whole debate between the president and Congress."
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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STERLING, Ohio — No two livestock farms are quite the same, and the way they manage their manure and other wastes usually differs, as well.
However, all face similar challenges and opportunities in how they transport manure, how and when to apply it, and the fact that with animal agriculture — handling manure is simply a fact of doing business.
On Aug. 14, a large crowd of farmers and industry representatives gathered at the Rupp Vue dairy farm in northern Wayne County, for the annual Manure Science Review.
Sponsored by Ohio State University Extension and local ag industry partners, the event highlighted the "science" of everything that has to do with today's manure storage and application.
Mike Rupp, third-generation farmer, welcomed the crowd to his family's farm, which includes 300 milking cows and about 1,100 acres of crops.
The farm has slowly grown over the years and as Mike put it, more cows equals more milk, and more manure to haul. The farm has enough manure storage for about three months, which means the lagoons have to be emptied regularly, and hauling manure is a regular part of farm work.
Widening the window
The Rupps have worked to widen their application window by growing cover crops, which help keep the nutrients in place and allow for both a spring and fall manure application. They're also constantly planning ahead, testing fields to know their nutrient needs, and testing the manure itself to know what it contains.
"It's easy to think about this stuff, and then it's also easy to forget it," Rupp said.
For this reason, he keeps records, revises his records, and he keeps an emergency plan in case something goes wrong.
Rupp uses a variety of manure applicators, and applies everything from liquids to solids. He uses his own equipment, and rents larger equipment when necessary.
One of the challenges he's seen in recent years is the need to haul manure longer distances. This increases the demand for equipment that can safely travel up and down the road, and for greater efficiency with each trip.
How much
Glen Arnold, a nutrient field specialist with OSU Extension, presented information that showed one dairy cow produces about 30 gallons of waste per day, including solids and liquids. Taking into account Ohio's 277,000 dairy cows, this totals more than 2.5 billion gallons of dairy waste per year, that has to be applied.
The state's swine industry also generates about a billion gallons of manure, according to Arnold.
Today's livestock farmers can apply manure about any way they can imagine, but concerns over the environment and regulations, the impact on yield and economic feasibility usually dictate a specific course of action.
Below-ground injection methods have the advantage of incorporating the manure into the soil, which greatly reduces the odor, nutrient runoff, and makes the nutrients more readily available.
However, it's imperative to consider the growth stage of the crops, and the amount and nutrient value of what is being applied, to maximize yield while and prevent burning or overloading what the crop can handle.
Getting technical
While this is common sense for most farmers — it takes tests and a respect for science — to know for sure what is going on.
The scientists at the review recommended doing a manure test for each field where manure is applied, and doing a soil test at least once every three years.
Mark Fritz, of the Ohio Department of Agriculture's Environmental Permitting division, said a full-scale manure test might cost $45, but he said it's worth it in the end.
"This is not a capitol investment," he said. "This is just management."
Fritz gave a talk on nutrient variability of liquid manure in storage, to which he said: "Boy does it vary!"
Using swine manure as an example, he showed that deep-pit, agitated manure with a water concentration of 88.4 percent, had an organic nitrogen level of 42.1 pounds per 1,000 gallons of manure, compared to just 3.1 pounds per 1,000 gallons of unagitated manure.
The same comparison showed agitated phosphate of 45.4 pounds, compared to just 5.9 pounds in the unagitated pit. Other nutrients, like ammonia and potash, were little changed.
Fritz also showed data from swine manure kept in a pond, in which the agitated manure, once again, held a much higher nutrient value than the unagitated manure, and also a much higher dollar value.
Balancing nutrients
As Fritz pointed out, having the most nutrient-rich manure may or may not be to a farmer's advantage, depending on his field nutrient needs and whether he's selling it. But even if he's applying it to his own fields, there are ways to balance out the needs, by timing how long the manure is kept in storage, and delegating the exact field to where it goes.
Greg LaBarge, OSU Extension field specialist with agronomic systems, discussed winter application of manure and the advantages of following manure application "setbacks," in which farmers provide a measurable setback between where they apply manure, and any waterway or drainage structure.
Controlling runoff
In general, manure application to frozen and snow-covered ground is considered unacceptable, he said, but in cases of emergency, the National Resources Conservation Service allows for application, if setbacks and other limiting criteria are followed.
According to the "NRCS 590 Standard," which sets the rules for emergency winter application, setbacks should be at least 200 feet, and manure should not be applied for more than 20 contiguous acres.
Farmers should target areas with the least amount of slope, and least amount of vulnerability to runoff. LaBarge showed multiple samples in which the setbacks resulted in less runoff, and more nutrients kept in fields. Following setback rules also gives the farmer another record to defend his or her farming practices.
"They do work," LaBarge said. They're the best criteria that we have at this point."
Up-to-date agriculture news in your inbox!


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Solidity in Depth¶
This section should provide you with all you need to know about Solidity. If something is missing here, please contact us on Gitter or make a pull request on Github.
- Layout of a Solidity Source File
- Structure of a Contract
- Types
- Units and Globally Available Variables
- Expressions and Control Structures
- Contracts
- Solidity Assembly
- Miscellaneous


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Most mothers who undergo genetic testing for breast cancer discuss the results with their children, a new study finds.
The study included 221 mothers who underwent testing for the mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which strongly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
One month after the receiving their test results, 62 percent of the mothers said they had told their children (who ranged in age between 8 and 21) about the results.
Mothers were more likely to share the results with their children if the results were negative or inconclusive rather than positive, and if the children were age 13 or over.
Results that were negative may have been seen as "good news" that would reduce the children's worries, said study researcher Kenneth Tercyak, director of behavioral prevention research at Georgetown University's Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Women who did not share their results with their kids may have thought that their children were not yet mature enough to learn the information, Tercyak said. They might still decide to share the information when the time is right.
"Those families that are choosing to not have the conversation yet are probably thinking about having that conversation at some point in the future," Tercyak said.
Factors that parents can use to decide if their child is ready to learn such information include: the age or maturity level of the child (will the child understand the information?), whether parents have had similar conversations in the past perhaps regarding relatives who have passed away from cancer and whether the child is asking questions about their parents' or own cancer risk, Tercyak said.
"There is no right or wrong answer for these families on what to do and when to do it," Tercyak said. "Its a choice, [and] it's not an easy choice."
When actress Angelina Jolie disclosed in a New York Times Op-Ed that she had undergone a double-mastectomy, she wrote that her children had asked her if she might fall ill, as Jolie's mother did, with cancer. "I have always told them not to worry, but the truth is I carry a 'faulty' gene, BRCA1," Jolie wrote. After the mastectomy, Jolie said "I can tell my children that they dont need to fear they will lose me to breast cancer."
The new study found that mothers who spoke with their children about the test results were more likely to be satisfied with their choice than those who did not disclose the information.
This may be because parents who don't disclose their results feel conflicted about withholding the information, and in a sense, keeping a secret, from their children, Tercyak said. But despite wanting to tell their children, some parents may still feel that their kids are too young to hear the news.
Children are not typically tested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations because any action that might be taken to prevent cancer would be occur later in life. But children whose mothers have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation have a 50 percent risk of inheriting the mutation themselves. Mothers may have concerns that speaking with their children about their cancer risk would create worry or anxiety at a time when there is not preventive option to take, Tercyak said.
More research is needed on the long-term effects of disclosing or not disclosing test results, in terms of the parent-child relationship, and the child's health, Tercyak said. He and his colleagues are now conducting a study to see whether kids who learn they are at risk for cancer (through their parents test results) are more likely to make healthy lifestyle choices.
Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Picture credit: Steve Nicholson
Today Apple is almost certain to announce, at the very least, a new, taller iPod Nano. But amidst the hype surrounding the "Let's Rock" event, it's easy to get so caught up in the iPod's future that we forget where it came from.
The iPod was not invented in 2001 in Cupertino, California. It was invented in England in 1979, by "serial inventor" Kane Kramer.
This is not a story of intellectual property theft, or of big companies putting the screws on the little man. Instead, it is just the retelling of another old story — the story of a lone, visionary inventor and his inability to market a product that appeared way before its time.
Kramer came up with the idea for a pocket-sized, portable solid state music player with a friend, James Campbell. Kramer was 23, Campbell 21. The IXI System had a display screen and buttons for four-way navigation. In a report presented to investors in 1979, the IXI was described as being the size of a cigarette packet. Is this sounding familiar yet?
Back in 1979, a memory chip would store a paltry three and a half minutes of music. Kramer fully expected this to improve, and confidently foresaw a market for reliable, high quality digital music players which would be popular with both consumers and the record labels. It could actually be argued that he was still ahead of Apple after the firat iPod went on sale — that had a hard drive and Kramer had moved onto flash memory years earlier.
Much has been made of Apple somehow "stealing" the technology. But the patent did what all patents do, whether used or not. It lapsed, and whether Apple took the idea from there or from somewhere else, it was all perfectly legitimate. In fact, when Apple was suing (and counter-sued by) Burst.com in 2006 it cited the invention as "prior art" to dispute Burst's patents. Apple even called Kramer in to give evidence.
But anyone can dream up a magic futuristic gadget. That's where James Campbell came in. Campbell was an electronics whizz and between them the men came up with four prototypes. According to Kramer's website, a fifth, pre-production unit actually went on sale at the APRS exhibition at Earls Court, London.
But the really surprising part of Kramer's invention is not the hardware but the infrastructure behind it. It eerily foreshadows the iTunes Store and pretty much any modern online music store.
Content was to be stored on a central server and distributed to music stores vie telephone line (remember — in these days there was no internet and almost no home computers). Customers would take their players into the store and buy music which would be loaded onto the IXI chips inside (the chips were removable, like a tiny cassette). This alone would obviate the need for physical media, but take a look at a few points from Kramer's investor pitch to see just how close he got to the future:
Immediacy of delivery
No physical inventory and therefore no production costs
Live performances taped and then made immediately available
Entire back catalogs could be put on sale at almost no cost
New, risky artists can be promoted with low cost
Instant micro-billing, handled centrally
Vending machines for self-purchasing — located in bars, filling stations, supermarkets (it seems quaint now that these were to be coin operated)
Uncanny. Kramer also foresaw DRM, or digital rights management, before it even had a name. This is worth transcribing (the original was written on a typewriter):
For every record or tape of conventional format sold, over one copy is made in an illegal form.
Therefore over 100% of the total sale potential is lost.
With IXI, all programme material (recordings) is stored and transmitted on a high security enclosed digital network, all terminals being supplied under license to retailers. Because of the attention to security, it is impossible to break into the system undetected, thus preventing bootlegging of the programme material by fraudulent means.
The first stage at which the digital encoded programme material is converted to analogue (audio) signals, is when the IXI CHIP is played back in the home playback unit.
It can be seen from the above, that the format prevents mass copying of programme material by fraudulent traders and home copying.
Though it is easy to laugh at this optimism, it's possible that Kramer foresaw the recording industry's huge reluctance to online delivery and attempted to diffuse it. What is really laughable, though, is that the same recording industry is still thinking in exactly the same way almost thirty years later.
Now Kramer is working on something called the "Bully Button", a wearable recording device which can be discretely activated by kids (or adults) when they are set upon by bullies. It's a laudable idea, but the leap into the future he made with the IXI and it's ecosystem. Back in the 1970s, Kramer was thinking way ahead of his time. Sadly for him, it took the market until now to catch up.
Development of the first MP3 player [Ken Kramer]
IXI Systems Report 1979 [Direct pdf]


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Killed Chechen's father arrives in US to sue the FBI
The father of a Chechen man who was fatally shot by a Boston FBI agent has arrived in the United States, where he intends to file a lawsuit against the agency and investigate the mysterious death of his son.
Abdulbaki Todashev is the father of 27-year-old Ibragim Todashev, a mixed martial arts fighter who was fatally shot seven times by the FBI during an extensive interview about his connection to alleged Boston bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev, as well as any knowledge about a triple murder in Waltham, Massachusetts. Todashev, who lived in Orlando, Florida at the time of the interrogation, had been friends with the suspected bomber when they both lived in Massachusetts.
After several hours of questioning, Todashev was shot dead by the FBI in a case that continues to be shrouded in mystery. The man's father, who lives in Chechnya, described the incident as an execution-style murder.
"He was shot seven times," Mr. Todashev told TIME. "In the heart and in the head. What is that if not murder?"
Conflicting reports surfaced after the man's death, with some suggesting that the young Todashev attacked an FBI agent with a knife, metal pole, or broomstick. Other reports claimed the Chechen-American was unarmed.
"The FBI has offered completely incompatible explanations, they have failed to explain how these inconsistent stories found their way into newspaper accounts of the shootings, and have not offered any clarifying comment about what really happened," Howard Simon, the Florida executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), told TIME.
The victim's grieving father does not believe that his son posed any serious danger to the officers who were interrogating him, especially since he was injured. A photograph of his son's dead body shows a row of stitches over the right knee.
"He had just had surgery on his knee and was still walking with crutches," Todashev said.
The FBI has opened an internal investigation into the killing, but refuses to comment on the case and blocked the release of the victim's autopsy report.
The distressed father says he is determined to independently discover the truth behind his son's death, and plans to travel to the US, where he will employ the help of human rights organizations to get answers. Todashev speaks little English, cannot afford a lawyer, and has nothing more than a tourist visa to the US, but the ACLU has vowed to help him.
He says he wants to sue the FBI - not for compensation, but for answers about his son's death. However, uncovering the truth is likely to come with numerous hurdles: state investigators in Florida last week rejected an ACLU request for an independent investigation into the shooting, claiming it would be "inappropriate" for the human rights organization to intervene.
"Secrecy fosters suspicion and the people of Florida deserve better than to be left without an explanation from their government about what led to a person being shot to death," Simon said in a statement last Wednesday. "This means it is more likely that the family of Ibragim Todashev will have to file a lawsuit in order to get answers about how their son died."
An ACLU request to investigate the death was also rejected by the Massachusetts attorney general.
Todashev announced his plans to sue the agency just a few days after the ACLU's requests were denied, and told TIME that he would file a wrongful death suit - which would force the FBI to reveal all the facts of his son's death and accept responsibility for any wrongdoing.
"At least once they must be made to admit they were wrong," he said. "What, is the FBI infallible?"


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5.11 Tactical TacLite TDU Pants are the new standard for tactical pants. Designed with today's law enforcement or security force in mind, these combat pants have all the features officers want and need. Constructed of polyester-cotton ripstop, these pants stand up to the rigors of patrol and special operations. Self-adjusting comfort waistband helps you bend and stretch with ease. 5.11 TDUs are the new standard in BDU style pants.
Front pockets are strong and roomy, while large side pockets come with an added inside pocket containing a divider, allowing each side to hold two AR mags securely. Two rear pockets round out the storage needs of almost any duty assignment.
These pants utilize 65% polyester and 35% cotton ripstop material, which resists tearing and abrasion. Triple-stitched and bartacked in all stress areas. 5.11 uses only genuine, locking-flange YKK® zippers and quality Prym® snaps, which stay zipped and snapped even under the most strenuous activities. Double-layered knee pockets can accommodate neoprene kneepads for "on-the-ground" activities on the range or in the field.
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HomeWord - Nov. 20, 2007
- Sign Up for Email?
- 2007 Nov 20
Reasons for Giving Thanks
This devotional was written by Jim Liebelt
Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, who does not change like shifting shadows. James 1:17
I wonder at times why it seems so easy for me to focus on the negative aspects of my life. I routinely take for granted some of the very basic blessings that God has given. How about you? This week as we prepare to celebrate Thanksgiving, take a few moments to reflect on all of the good things that God has provided you with and give Him thanks. It just might make your day! Here's a reminder (author unknown) that helped to spark my own thinking about how God has blessed my life:
• If you woke up this morning with more health than illness… you are more blessed than the million who will not survive this week.
• If you have never experienced battle, the loneliness of imprisonment, the agony of torture or the pangs of starvation… you are ahead of 500 million people in the world.
• If you have food in the refrigerator, clothes on your back, a roof overhead and a place to sleep… you are richer than 75% of this world.
• If you have money in the bank, money in your wallet, and spare change in a dish someplace… you are among 8% of the world's most wealthy people.
• If your parents are alive and still married… you are very rare, even in the United States.
• If you hold up your head with a smile on your face and are truly thankful… you are blessed because the majority can, but do not.
• If you prayed yesterday and today… you are blessed because you believe God does hear and answer prayer, even though you are in the minority by holding this belief.
• If you can read these words… you are more blessed than over two billion people in the world who cannot read at all.
There is no doubt that God is good and that we are blessed! Like the Psalmist, we can ask, "How can I repay the Lord for all of his goodness to me?" (Psalm 116:12) Though we can never fully repay God for his goodness, we can demonstrate our gratitude through our praise and by serving others. Today, live you life as one who has been blessed. Begin by whispering a simple "thank you" to God, in prayer. Then, demonstrate your gratitude by serving someone else, in Jesus' name.
To comment on today's devotional, click here.
1. Take a few minutes and make a list of God's blessings that you find it easy to take for granted. Carry the list with you today, as a reminder of God's many blessings.
2. Spend some time in prayer, giving God thanks for each one of these items on your list.
Psalm 128; Psalm 84:11; Hebrews 13:15-16
Encouraging Parents…Building Families
Other FREE resources from HomeWord and Jim Burns:


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Atmospheric scientist Renyi Zhang of Texas A&M University and his colleagues used satellite imagery to assess the thickness and pressure of clouds over the Pacific. Every winter such clouds form and track east across the ocean, transferring the warmth of the equator toward the poles. The clouds coalesce out of water condensing on tiny impurities in the air. Eventually, enough cloud droplets form to begin colliding with one another; they combine to form raindrops that eventually fall from the clouds.
Adding aerosols changes this process by delaying the creation of raindrops; with more impurities in the air, condensation occurs more widely, creating smaller droplets and reducing the chances of collisions that produce raindrops. "The raindrop is going to fall out of the atmosphere and that produces a downdraft that kills the thunderstorm," Zhang says. "If you reduce the size of cloud droplets you make them hard to collide. You cannot make raindrops easily."
This gives the Pacific storms more time to build strength and reach higher into the atmosphere. In fact, such storms were as much as 50 percent stronger from 1994 to 2005 than similar storms in the previous decade thanks to the impact of Asian aerosols. This increase in strength does not correlate with overall cloud coverage, as would be expected if it were simply natural variability, Zhang and his co-authors write in the paper presenting the finding, published online in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. And further testing with meteorological models showed that aerosols would be required to produce the observed storms.
Of course, intensifying Pacific storms means changes in North American weather; tiny particles of Asian pollution might impact continental weather an ocean away. "This storm track regulates the jet stream, which also controls the storms we have in North America," Zhang says. "If you change the storm track over the Pacific, it is very likely you are going to change the storms in the U.S. It's all connected."


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Contact: Lyn Perez, Reformed Theological Seminary, 407-366-9493
ATLANTA, June 19, 2012 /Christian Newswire/ -- Dr. Derek Thomas, previously a faculty member of the Jackson campus of Reformed Theological Seminary (RTS) and most recently the distinguished visiting professor for RTS, has now been appointed to become a regular faculty member at RTS/Atlanta, while continuing his role as the minister of preaching and teaching at First Presbyterian Church of Columbia, SC. Beginning July 1, 2012, Thomas will be the professor of systematic and historical theology at RTS/Atlanta.
RTS/Atlanta President John Sowell said, "Dr. Derek Thomas is exactly what a seminary student should seek in a professor. Not only is he a careful and widely published scholar, Dr. Thomas is one of today's great preachers. Moreover, he is every bit as much a "practicing pastor" as he is an academic. And, in leading Dr. Derek Thomas to join the faculty of RTS/Atlanta, our merciful God is showing His love to the church and to the many students who will learn the riches of God's grace from Dr. Thomas." President Sowell further remarked, "Those who have heard his sermons and lectures, as well as anyone who has studied Derek's books and commentaries, grasp that Dr. Thomas is a rare gift to the church. We encourage students of God's Word to take advantage of opportunities to study systematic and historical theology with this gifted man of God." After pastoring for 17 years in Belfast, Northern Ireland, Dr. Thomas returned to the USA in 1996 where, in addition to his service to the Jackson campus as the John E. Richards professor of systematic and practical theology, he served as the minister of teaching at First Presbyterian Church in Jackson until 2011. In addition to serving in the pastorate, Derek has served as editor of the Evangelical Presbyterian, a monthly denominational magazine. A graduate of RTS in 1978, he gained a Ph.D. from the University of Wales, Lampeter in Calvin's preaching on the book of Job. He has written or edited 15 books and has contributed to commentary series by Banner of Truth and Evangelical Press. In 2004, Derek Thomas became editorial director for The Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals and the editor of its ezine, Reformation 21. He is married to Rosemary, and they have two adult children and two grandchildren.
Michael Milton, chancellor of RTS, said, "The biblical model for pastoral preparation, and the training of all of God's people for kingdom service, begins with an incarnational ministry. At RTS we desire 'pastor-scholars,' with a love for Christ's church and experience in the pulpit and parish, to shape the hearts and minds of the next generation of shepherds. My friend and colleague, Dr. Derek Thomas, is just such a man. We thank FPC Columbia for 'sharing' his gifts with RTS. May the Word go forth with biblical fidelity and pastoral warmth as many new 'laborers for His harvest' are prepared at RTS Atlanta!"
Reformed Theological Seminary was founded in 1966 and is one of the largest seminaries in the country with campuses in Atlanta, Charlotte, Houston, Jackson, Memphis, Orlando and Washington D.C., in addition to a Virtual campus offering online classes.


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by David Crane
[email protected]
Speaking of high quality tactical gear, DefRev has received two 5.11 Tactical Shirts (one beige, on O.D. green) for T&E. We haven't had a chance to wear them around yet, but the quality of these shirts is quite evident, just from handling and inspecting them. These shirts appear to be really well put together.
The 5.11 Tactical Shirt is 100% cotton that looks like a safari-type shirt, or photographer's shirt. The first thing you notice on it are the…
two visible velcro-fastening chest pockets. Behind each of those pockets are much larger/roomier and less conspicuous pockets that are kind of hidden. These pockets are also velcro-fastening. Since they're located underneath the visible chest pockets, they open from the interior sides (towards the shirt buttons). It's a cool setup. Both of these "hidden" pockets are more than large enough to hold a compact firearm, like a Glock 19 (G19), or a subcompact firearm, like a Glock 26 (G26) or Glock 27 (G27), with no problem. If you wanted to, you could stick a gun in each pocket. There's even enough room to fit spare loaded magazines. The pockets appear to be well-stitched and strong enough to hold this kind of weight, although we haven't tested this, yet.
The 5.11 Tactical Shirt also features a soft white cotton mesh that we presume is designed to absorb moisture (sweat). Both shirts we received were supplied with two eppelets (that can be sewn on) and buttons. Don't think we'll be doing that, but we appreciate the option.
DefRev is looking forward to wearing these 5.11 Tactical shirts around for awhile. So, far, they seem really comfortable. I can tell you, they look really good. They look like they'll be perfect not only for outdoor activities, but also for dress casual situations. We'll keep you posted.
If you would like to acquire som 5.11 Tactical Shirts or other clothing (like the 5.11 Tactical Pant) for yourself, 5.11 Tactical can be contacted by phone at 866-451-1726. Bob Denny, 5.11 Tactical's National Sales Manager, can be contacted at 866-451-1726, or via email at [email protected].
Awhile back, DefRev published a story on the excellent 5.11 Tactical Pant. The story is titled 5.11 Tactical Pants: Cargo Pants for Tactical Professionals.. We suggest you check the article out if you're currently looking for a very high quality dress casual cargo pant that can pull double duty as tactical training or tactical operations garment.


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WASHINGTON (CNN) -- The suicide rate among U.S. Army soldiers jumped in May -- continuing a four-month upward trend and on a record pace for a second straight year, according to Army statistics released Thursday.
During a service-wide stand-down, troops were trained on identifying signs of distress.
Last month the deaths of 17 soldiers were either confirmed or suspected to be suicides, up from 13 in April and 13 in March, the new numbers revealed.
The Army said the total number of potential or confirmed suicides since January stands at 82. Last year the Army recorded 133 suicides, the most ever.
Earlier this year, Army officials saw the suicide numbers moving up, and by February said the service was on track for a record year for suicides.
Only one of the 17 in May has been confirmed as a suicide, while the others remain under investigation and are listed as "potential suicides," according to the latest statistics.
For April, the Army reported eight potential and five confirmed suicides.
The Army initially classifies a death as "potential suicide" or "confirmed suicide" and moves the numbers between categories after an investigation into the death is complete, according to Army officials.
Last month, Fort Campbell, Kentucky, home to the 101st Airborne Division, held a three-day "suicide stand-down training event" -- the second one at the base this year -- after the base recorded 11 suspected or confirmed suicides between January and May.
Units of the 101st have deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan several times since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, and have experienced a good deal of combat and the related stress that comes with those deployments.
Thousands of 101st Airborne troops are currently in Afghanistan.
In January the Army implemented a service-wide effort to combat the problem, including a stand-down for all 1.1 million soldiers in which the troops were trained on identifying signs of distress in the ranks, and were charged with getting help for their comrades.
"We have got to do better," said Army Vice Chief of Staff Gen. Peter W. Chiarelli in a statement released Thursday.
"It's clear we have not found full solutions to this yet. But we are trying every remedy and seeking help from outside agencies that are experts in suicide prevention. There isn't a reasonable suicide prevention tool out there the Army won't potentially employ," he said.
Fort Hood, Texas, the largest base in the United States, is home to the 4th Infantry Division, which also has seen multiple deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan. Base commander Lt. Gen. Rick Lynch identified one major stress problem there: Soldiers were working long hours and not spending time with their families between deployments.
Lynch made "focus on the family" a key part of Fort Hood's environment. He insists that every soldier on a day schedule leave work in time to be home for dinner by 6 p.m. On Thursday, many are told to leave by 3 p.m. so they can have the afternoon with the family. And no one at Fort Hood works weekends unless Lynch signs off on it.
The steps appear to be working. Although the base has recorded two suicides since the start of the year, that is well below many other major Army bases.
All About U.S. Army Activities • Suicide • 101st Airborne Division


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Yazsoft today released a major new update to ShareTool. Developed
for Mac OS X 10.3.9 or later, ShareTool is an award winning utility
that lets you connect to all of the Bonjour services on your home or
office network from anywhere in the world securely over a 100% SSH
encrypted connection. This includes iTunes Music Sharing, Screen
Sharing, File Sharing, printing, and much more. No configuration. No
complication. No server or technical skills required. Just a mouse
click. ShareTool also works with VPN connections. For anyone that's
been itching to get Bonjour working over VPN, ShareTool is for you!
What is ShareTool and why should you care?
Scenario: You've just purchased a brand new iMac and MacBook and are
simply loving it. You've set up your home or office network exactly the
way you want it. You have file sharing between the two machines and can
transfer your documents easily between them; you can listen to your
iMac's iTunes Library from the MacBook and view your MacBook's iPhoto
Library from your iMac. Everything on your network works exactly as you
want it to and life is beautiful.
What happens when you have to leave (i.e. work or travel) the
comfort of your new custom configured network? Wouldn't it be nice to
know that with one mouse click you will be able to access almost
everything you've just setup from anywhere in the world securely?
Before ShareTool, this was simply not possible without an extremely (if
at all possible) complicated setup even for those in the know. Not
anymore! With ShareTool, that complex procedure is reduced to a simple
mouse click and as a result, yes, you can be at two places at the same
ShareTool lets you access all of the Bonjour services on your home
network from anywhere in the world. This includes iTunes Music Sharing,
Screen Sharing, File Sharing, printing, and more.
With ShareTool, you can listen to your entire iTunes music library
at work, control the screen of any of your home computers, or grab that
important file you forgot to bring with you. And this is simply the tip
of the iceberg. With ShareTool, it's as if you've never left your own
network. It's Back to my Mac – on steroids.
Some Key New Features in ShareTool:
* Simple Setup: ShareTool automatically configures routers supporting NAT-PMP or UPnP
* Easy Access: Remote services automatically appear in Finder, iTunes, and other applications
* Compatibility: ShareTool enables remote access for any application or
service that advertises itself using Bonjour and runs over TCP/IP
* Security: All network traffic is strongly encrypted. Access to your services requires your Mac OS X username and password
* Dynamic domain name support
* On the fly compression: Transfer large files quickly
* Secure web browsing: surf the internet using your own browser securely
* and much more
What's New in version 1.3:
* New: Added Mac OS X 10.6.1 compatibility
* New: Secure Web Browsing works again under Snow Leopard
* New: ShareTool no longer gets in a bad state with high CPU usage
* Updated: Adjusted tab order when navigating using the keyboard
* Misc: Some low-level tweaks for enhanced performance
Supported Languages:
* US English, French, German, Polish, and Spanish
System Requirements:
* Requires Mac OS X 10.3.9 or later; Leopard ready
* 22 MB Hard Drive Space
* Internet connection
Pricing and Availability:
* $20: 1 User license
* $30: 2 User license (Save $10)
* $75: Lite user license (Save $25)
* Bundle promo pricing also available. Free demo is available today.