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This article is more than 1 year old
Of laptop data security
Done the basics - or sleepwalking along a precipice?
Perhaps the first thing to say is: "It's nobody's fault." We could blame the laws of physics for the current capabilities of laptops, but not those who discovered them, nor those who have successfully pushed the data storage of hard disks to terabyte capacities. Nor indeed, the people who squeezed the processing equivalent of several mainframes into the flat rectangle of electronic wizardry that we give to our mobile workers.
The downside, of course, of being able to carry the equivalent of several million copies of Encyclopedia Britannica in a briefcase, is that we can now lose, corrupt or inadvertently reveal vast quantities of information, whereas before we could only do so for relatively small quantities. It is like living in a palace after living in a shed - but of course, the shed had one door and a single room to maintain.
All the same, the risks associated with storing data on a laptop remain relatively straightforward to define. First, any piece of information will have an associated value, be it a laundry list or the recipe for Coca Cola – it only takes one slip of paper to be left on a photocopier to find out the difference. Similarly, a single spreadsheet may contain cricket scores, or indeed the pricing structures offered to different customers.
The scale of today's laptops give us increased risk – it is now far easier to store a great deal more information than before. A terabyte could easily equate to the entire repository of information for many businesses for example, and with that much space available, it is tempting to store as much as possible. This does increase the risk of having high-value information in the mix, which also raises the bar in terms of protection needed.
We can consider the threats in terms of the acronym CIA - that's:
- Confidentiality - that only those who should see the information, can see the information.
- Integrity - that the information cannot be changed without authorisation or knowledge.
- Availability - that the information is protected against loss.
For laptop users, there are some relatively straightforward mechanisms that can be implemented to reduce the risks of each.
Both confidentiality and integrity need to be dealt with in a number of ways. The first is to ensure the information itself is protected. By far the simplest mechanism is to ensure the laptop is password protected - either at login time, or for the more security conscious, in the bios.
But this does not protect against someone removing the hard drive. To protect against this, most current laptop operating systems have some kind of hard disk encryption mechanism built in – there's Bit Locker for Windows Vista, for example.
Also, the Trusted Computing Group has just announced a specification for direct hard drive and USB stick encryption, which should help things even more.
You don't have to be an expert to extract information from a laptop, if the person in front of it insists on showing it to all and sundry. On trains, in planes and in cafés, there have been countless, quite flabbergasting occurrences of business executives showing off their corporate secrets, in spreadsheets or slide decks.
It would be funny if it wasn't so frequent – perhaps it is the ultimate demonstration of the belief that security breaches only happen to other people (the best example I can remember was a loud-mouthed senior exec of an systems integrator explaining to a colleague – and indeed the rest of the carriage – how to interpret next year's competitive analysis spreadsheet).
It's not just the 'data at rest' that needs protecting, but also 'data in motion' - as we describe in another article for example, rogue Wi-Fi hotspots can be capturing information from unsuspecting users. Surprisingly perhaps, individuals do not always use the basic protections available to them - using secure channels to access their email servers, for example. For larger organisations, SSL VPN is another mechanism to protect against this threat – not only do such encrypted links give secure access to corporate systems, but this also means mobile workers will be using corporate protections when they access the Internet.
Data leakage protection (DLP) deserves a mention here, as a technology which will monitor what's being sent through a corporate firewall and block anything that looks suspect. We need to remember that security breaches can be as much down to stupidity as malice, and also that a laptop user may well be accessing the internet directly rather than via a VPN.
An information leak may be quite simply a case of attaching the wrong file to an email, or sending it to the wrong person - who hasn't inadvertently used the 'autocomplete' feature in their email client, and sent a document off to the wrong 'Sarah' or the wrong 'Graham'? As individuals we should question how much we need such features in the first place, and whether they are worth the risk.
And lets not forget the ever-so-obvious topics of anti-virus, personal firewalls and so on. Just because there isn't currently a big scandal about computer worms hacking information off hard drives and posting it on the Internet, that's probably just because the hackers haven't got around to it yet. Your McAfee or Norton may be up to date, but when did you last patch your operating system and applications?
Lastly, we have availability. This can be dressed up in all kinds of ways but in its most simple form it equates to being confident that the information we had yesterday will still be there tomorrow. The laptop's biggest strength is also its greatest weakness in this respect - that of portability. It is quite possible to lose every last bit of information one has, just by leaving it on the bus. Equally, only the most resilient of laptops can resist the effects of knocking a glass of water over the keyboard; note also that most hard drives are mechanical - marvels maybe, but prone to damage.
The answer is backup - which can be as straightforward as taking a copy of important data on a USB stick and stowing it somewhere sensible (USB sticks can be a solution as well as a problem – but see confidentiality, above). Mobile workers don't always have access to corporate systems, which means they are not always going to be supported by corporate backup mechanisms; equally, offline access can result in storing more information than strictly necessary on the local drive. Using a laptop without doing personal backups is like driving without a safety belt, in the vain hope that accidents only happen to other people.
In conclusion then, there may be corporate mechanisms in place for data security, but these do not always extend out to laptop users. There's always more that we can do, but those who do not follow the basics are sleepwalking along a precipice. ®


text: DOES SCIENTOLOGY HAVE A CONCEPT OF GOD? Most definitely. In Scientology, the concept of God is expressed as the Eighth Dynamic—the urge toward existence as infinity. This is also identified as the Supreme Being. As the Eighth Dynamic, the Scientology concept of God rests at the very apex of universal survival. As L. Ron Hubbard wrote in Science of Survival: "No culture in the history of the world, save the thoroughly depraved and expiring ones, has failed to affirm the existence of a Supreme Being. It is an empirical observation that men without a strong and lasting faith in a Supreme Being are less capable, less ethical and less valuable to themselves and society....A man without an abiding faith is, by observation alone, more of a thing than a man." Unlike religions with Judeo-Christian origins, the Church of Scientology has no set dogma concerning God that it imposes on its members. As with all its tenets, Scientology does not ask individuals to accept anything on faith alone. Rather, as one's level of spiritual awareness increases through participation in Scientology auditing and training, one attains his own certainty of every dynamic. Accordingly, only when the Seventh Dynamic (spiritual) is reached in its entirety will one discover and come to a full understanding of the Eighth Dynamic (infinity) and one's relationship to the Supreme Being. Scientology Beliefs Is Man a spirit? How does one know that they are a spirit? Does Scientology have a concept of God? Can't God be the only one to help Man? What are Scientology religious beliefs about the creation of the universe? Does Scientology believe in brotherly love? Why do Scientologists want to help people? Does Scientology recognize good and evil? Does Scientology believe Man is sinful? Will Scientology put one in control of his mind? Is Scientology about the mind? Does Scientology believe in mind over matter? Does Scientology believe one can exist outside of the body? Does Scientology believe in reincarnation or past lives? Does Scientology believe in charity and welfare? Does Scientology hold any political views? Can children participate in Scientology? How? What does Scientology say about the raising of children? Can one make up his own mind about Scientology? Does Scientology have doctrines concerning Heaven or Hell? What is Scientology's view of Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, the Buddha and other religious figures of the past? Previous How does one know that they are a spirit? Next Can't God be the only one to help Man?

subset: commoncrawl


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"Divine destiny has given the German people everything in the person of one man. Not only does he possess strong and ingenious statesmanship, not only is he ingenious as a soldier, not only is he the first worker and the first economist among his people but, and this is perhaps his greatest strength, he is an artist. He came from art, he devoted himself to art, especially the art of architecture, this powerful creator of great buildings. And now he has also become the Reich's builder."
Art was considered to be one of the most important elements to strengthening the Third Reich and purifying the nation. Political aims and artistic expression became one. The task of art in the Third Reich was to shape the population's attitudes by carrying political messages with stereotyped concepts and art forms.
True art as defined by Hitler was linked with the country life, with health, and with the Aryan race. "We shall discover and encourage the artists who are able to impress upon the State of the German people the cultural stamp of the Germanic race . . . in their origin and in the picture which they present they are the expressions of the soul and the ideals of the community." (Hitler, Party Day speech, 1935; in Adam, 1992)
Modern art had no place in the Third Reich.
Instead, the role of the artists was to either portray the German world as peaceful, or as drawn into a struggle for survival to defend it. Thus, art was to become one more weapon in the Nazi regime's arsenal. Hitler was a master manipulator, and understood the value of propaganda and artistic fervor. He also understood how to control people by threatening their job, family and existence. Artists who did not fall in with the party ideal risked their life. The artists glorified the German citizens, soldiers, and Hitler's ideals. The painters used their art to depict Hitler as the healing element that would cure the country's ills. They also painted the common "Volk" (folk) in everyday settings. The art of this racially pure country was to overcome differences in class and mold all of the people into one ideal. When not painting pastoral scenes or glorifying the war, the artists would turn their paint brushes against the Jew, depicting him as inhuman and inferior. Examples of artwork approved by the Third Reich can be found on the following Websites.
Examples of Nationalsocialist Realism from the Virtual Museum of Political Art.
Ernst Vollbehr, Reichsparteitag in Nürnberg (NSDAP party convention in Nuremberg), 1933.
Examples of Nazi art including four sculptures by Arno Breker (The Guard, The Warrior Departs, The Party and The Army, Preparedness), Adolph Wissel's Farm Family from Kahlenberg, Hubert Lanzinger's The Flag Bearer, Albert Janesh 's Water Sports, and Ernst Liebermann's By the Water.
Architecture was Hitler's favorite art form. He viewed himself as the "master builder of the Third Reich." Among the surviving examples of Nazi architecture is the Olympic stadium complex in Berlin.
The Olympic games had been scheduled before Hitler came to power in 1933. He saw this event as a unique opportunity to play host to the world and to show Germany as a force to be reckoned with. He wanted Germany to be portrayed in the best possible light and removed all antisemitic slogans that had defaced the walls of public buildings. The stadium was built as a huge assembly place for hundreds of thousands of people to celebrate Nazi rituals. The art that accompanied this colossal building was no less magnificent.
Photographs of the stadium built for the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
More information on the Olympic Stadium.
This short biography of Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, includes a page of photographs of Speer and a few of his projects.
Read an English translation of Albert Speer's The Fürhrer's Buildings.
Photographs of sculptures on the grounds of the 1936 Berlin Olympics site.
Josef Thorak was one of two official artists for the Third Reich. He was given a huge studio near Munich in 1938. It was here that he worked on his large pieces, some as tall as sixty-five feet. His horses were destined to be placed at the Nuremberg Stadium. Other sculptures include his huge Monument to Work, and The Judgment of Paris. But Hitler was a fickle fan, and his regard for Thorak faded. Breker became the more favored artist.
Biography and samples of Thorak's work.
Arno Breker learned to sculpt in the studio of his father, a stonemason and sculptor. He studied at the Dusseldorf Academy, then went to Rome, where he worked on the restoration of Michelangelo's Rondanini Pieta. It was there he met Goebbels for the first time. He was nominated as official state sculptor on Hitler's birthday in 1937. Hitler considered Breker's The Army and The Party as the most beautiful work ever made in Germany.
For a more detailed biography of Breker.
George Kolbe was fifty-six when Hitler came to power, an established artist in his own right. Although at the beginning he was attacked as sympathetic to the Jews because he had done monuments to the Jewish poet Heinrich Heine, his work was of such quality that he was forgiven this transgression. Kolbe would never become an official artist of the Third Reich; his art was too private, and not on a large enough scale to suit Hitler's taste.
Hitler understood the power of propaganda. In his book, Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote two chapters on propaganda, stating that is must be aimed at people's emotions rather than their intellect. Posters of Hitler filled Nazi Germany, depicting him as a kind, gentle leader who possessed immense strength and a passion for art and culture.
Propaganda was also used to denigrate and defame the Jews. Julius Streicher's newspaper, Der Stürmer, featured crude caricatures defaming the Jewish people. Even children's textbooks were enlisted in the Nazi campaign of hatred.
Four examples of Nazi antisemitic propaganda.
Political cartoons from Der Stürmer.
A reproduction of the antisemitic children's book, Der Giftpilz (The Poisonous Mushroom).
Political cartoons from Brennessel, a Nazi humor magazine.
German political cartoons from late 1939 on the theme that an innocent Germany has been forced into war.
Nazi political posters.
View a large collection of German propaganda posters.
Film making was also pressed into the service of the Nazi propaganda machine. Hitler's favorite director, Leni Riefenstahl, produced The Triumph of the Will glorifying the 1934 Nazi party congress at Nuremberg. No expense or effort was spared in the production of this film; holes were dug into the ground to allow for the best camera angles and Party officials were kept waiting for hours as the firming progressed. Another Riefenstahl film, Olympia, glorified the Aryan racial type in the context of the Olympics. The film reinforced the Aryan/ Olympic myth by superimposing German athletes over classical Hellenistic sculpture.
Nazi filmmakers also turned their cameras on their victims, methodically reducing the popular perception of Jews to that of vermin, fit only for extermination. The Nazi propaganda film, Der ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew), followed maps showing the migrations of Jews with scenes of teaming rats. The film's narration drives home the association:[The Jews] followed the culture-bearing and creative waves of German colonization of the East, until finally they found a gigantic new untapped reservoir of space in Poland and Eastern Europe . . . they spread from Eastern Europe like an irresistible tide, flooding the towns and nations. . . . Wherever rats appear they bring ruin, by destroying mankind's goods and foodstuffs. They are cunning, cowardly, and cruel, and are found mostly in large packs. Among the animals, they represent the rudiment of an insidious and underground destruction--just like the Jews among human beings.
Eighty-three still images from the Nazi propaganda film, Der ewige Jude.
Article on Nazi antisemitic films from the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust.
| Ghettos & Camps | Reich Art | "Degenerate" Art | Response | Teacher Resources |
A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust
Produced by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology,
College of Education, University of South Florida © 1997-2013.


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Super Bowl: Robots, bomb-sniffing dogs ready for Sunday's game
Associated Press
MIAMI Several dozen bomb-sniffing dogs, robots that defuse explosives and police bomb squads are being deployed to protect the Super Bowl.
The federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives showed reporters Tuesday how the dogs can detect even minute amounts of bomb compounds. Four dogs easily found a small amount of residue hidden in a closed car trunk.
Miami ATF chief Hugo Barrera says the dogs can smell 19,000 different bomb components. The ATF puts them through a 16-week training course before theyre ready for duty.
Some of the ATF dogs deployed for the Super Bowl are veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Dogs from the Miami-Dade Police Department and Broward Sheriffs Office also are on duty for Sundays game.


text: Cape Breton's musical legacy is steeped in local fiddling traditions the world over. Now, you have to add The Cottars to that long list of musicians performing fiddle/Celtic/Scottish music. The folk rhythms are reminiscent of Natalie MacMaster, the Rankin Family, and April Verch - all talented musicians from Canada in their own right. There is a mix of traditional songs, such as "Goodnight To You" and "Song For Stephen Foster". Other songs are composed by Fiona and Ciaran MacGillivray and Claire Pettit. Strings are joined by piano, guitar, tin whistle, bodhran, bouzouki, and harp. Folksy vocals, jazzy jigs, and heartfelt strumming represent the cultural spirit of Eastern Canada's musical traditiojns. The vocals are sung in English and incorporate American roots music as well. Some of the songs are ideal for dancing, while others are great for sitting back and listening in. In essence, Feast is definitely not hard to swallow. ~ Matthew Forss


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On reading surah Hud, verse 41, there is a black circle under the raa of "majr".
Assalamu alaikum, On reading surah Hud, verse 41, there is a black circle under the raa of "majr". I have heard it pronounced as a kasra - majree. Please can you explain the meaning of this circle and if it is pronounced as a kasra if found in other parts of the Quran ?
Wa alaikum assaalam wa rahmatullahi wa barakaatuh
The word is a special word and the only word in which Hafs reads with imaalah, which is a mix between an alif and a ya' and a mix between the fathah and kasrah. The little diamond shape under the ra' is an indication that there is a special rule here.
Please see the following link for the full details.
Wa iyyaakum.
Wa assalaaam
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Note: I miss the weekly WordPress Photo Challenges. Here's one from October 2014.
From the archives
Lots of images came to mind.
The trick was digging around in the files and finding what I was envisioning for the Weekly Photo Challenge: Descent created by Cheri Lucas Rowlands at WordPress. Her example was excellent.
Here is my gallery of descent.
Jet Blue making descent to Baltimore July 2014
How I love being the passenger with a camera in hand. My DIL was driving.
Low clouds and a truck making descent in WV enroute to Hardy VA
Down the slide at Idlewild Park -Michael, Erika and Maura
Grandson Jack coming down the Giant Slide at Idlewild Park
Mark climbing the deer stand in Centerline OHio
10-7-19 edit Looks like Ascent or ascending on the above photo Who knows what I was thinking or maybe he was climbing down?
Some random Skycoaster riders at Kennywood. Lots of screams
Anna diving into the pool at a swim meet. Descending into the water.
from a previous post – City Sidewalk -paper street steps- 2010 Garfield when I taught at Fort Pitt School


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Stand up for Tibet! G20 leaders told
Photo: Tibet Network copyright Students for a Free Tibet
Two activists from Students for a Free Tibet hung a banner and a Tibetan flag from Cannes Ville station as world leaders arrived earlier today for the start of the G20 summit. They called on them to take urgent action to address the situation in Tibet – where nine Tibetan monks and one nun have set themselves on fire this year.
The news came through last week that for the 10th time this year, a young Tibetan has set fire to themselves in protest against the Chinese occupation of Tibet and the ongoing crackdown on human rights and religious freedom since the 2008 protests.
Three years ago there were widespread protests across Tibet, reported globally as rioting, though this was limited to the capital city, Lhasa. After a couple of weeks of unprecedented global attention on both the protests and the brutal nature of the military crackdown in Tibet, the fickle eye of the media moved elsewhere. The protests and oppression, however, continued.
What happened in 2008 following the protests was the de facto imposition of martial law enforced by the paramilitary People's Armed Police. The situation has changed little since then; if anything, it has got worse.
One of the most heavily policed monasteries is Kirti of Ngaba town in the Amdo province (Chinese Qinghai province). This has been the site of some of the largest demonstrations and the most brutal crackdowns.
On 16 March this year 20-year-old monk Phuntsok Jaruntsang from Kirti monastery set himself alight. He called for the return of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Police beat him whilst he was on fire and he died at 3am the following morning. He set himself alight on the anniversary of the death of 13 monks who were shot dead in 2008 for protesting. This act triggered a series of similar acts by nine monks and one nun from Kirti and surrounding monasteries.
On 15 August, 29-year-old Tsewang Norbu from Nyitso monastery; on 26 September Lobsang Kalsang and Lobsang Konchok, both 18 years old, of Kirti monastery; on 3 October 17-year-old Kalsang Wangchuk of Kirti monastery; on 7 October 19-year-old Choephel and 18-year-old Kayang, formerly of Kirti monastery; on 15 October 19-year-old former monk Norbu Dramdrul, and on 17 October 20-year-old Tenzin Wangmo, a nun of Dechen Chokorling, set themselves alight.
On 25 October, 38-year-old Dawa Tsering, a monk of Kardze monastery, set himself alight and called for the return of HH Dalai Lama and the reunification of the Tibetan people. He was dragged from the gates of Kardze monastery by security personnel and taken away. The People's Armed Police surrounded the monastery and are still there.
Six of the self-immolators have died; the whereabouts and state of health of the others is unknown.
Campaign groups are calling for an international diplomatic intervention to apply pressure on the Chinese government to allow independent media and human rights observers into the area to investigate.
Pema Yoko, Director of Students for a Free Tibet UK, said: 'Today the world is standing up for Tibet. We are calling on global leaders to take co-ordinated action now to pressure Chinese President Hu Jintao to withdraw Chinese troops and armed police from towns and monasteries in eastern Tibet.'
Tibet campaign groups have called an international day of action today, 2 November, to demand global diplomatic intervention to bring human rights observers into Tibet.
In Britain, Tibetans and supporters will hold a vigil at the Chinese Embassy on Portland Place in London at 6pm. For events in other countries check out the Stand Up for Tibet website.
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text: Don't expect to get a lot done on your iPad 2 the first day. That's because you'll be too busy (and too excited) loading your new toy with great apps, music and movies. Yes, it will take hours.But it could take even longer if you make the mistake of thinking about your iPad as merely a big version of the iPhone. Have a plan before you start clicking and syncing your iPad with your existing iPhone apps over iTunes.[ Check out 15 great iPad apps for newbies. ]If you're an iPhone owner and this is your first iPad, you'll inevitably make this mistake. The thinking goes that you've purchased a lot of iPhone apps, so you'll want to get them on the iPad. Or maybe you think you already know what works because the two devices handle the same functions, more or less.Well, throw these thoughts out the window. Many tried-and-true iPhone apps have no place on the iPad.The Great App SyncI cluttered my first iPhone with apps during my initial excitement, only to delete them en masse later, so I planned to be a little smarter with the iPad.But then I made the mistake of syncing my existing apps with the iPad, figuring I'd save some time. This turned out to be a time killer because I had to re-check all the apps on the App Store to see if there was an iPad-optimized version. This sent me down the road of deleting and purchasing and toggling with the App Store. With the iPad, just start anew on the App Store and leave your existing apps behind. You can download some iPad apps you've purchased for the iPhone for free, others will charge for the iPad version.A handful of apps, namely banking ones, aren't optimized for the iPad but deserve a place on it\u2014after all, you don't want to get overdrawn. For the most part, though, you won't want to run a tiny iPhone app on an iPad that you just spent a few hundred dollars on.iPad Apps vs. iPhone AppsAlso, the kind of apps you'll want on your iPad will vary greatly from the ones you already have on your iPhone.Apps with true value that come from extreme portability, such as location-based search apps, or apps that provide quick information updates, such as weather apps, should stay on the iPhone\u2014and off the iPad. I realized that I would never use some of my favorite iPhone apps on the iPad: Golfshot GPS, Siri, AroundMe, Shazam, and Jibbigo. (Check out 15 best iPhone apps for newbies.)On the flip side, the iPhone's "whip-it-out" mobility is a handicap at a higher level of data consumption, while the iPad excels in this area. This means you'll want to employ a different data app strategy for the iPad.For instance, most iPhone owners can't imagine life without the Facebook app. You can read status updates instantly. But you might not want the Facebook app for the iPad: Try Flipboard, which pulls and presents information feeds from various sources in a friendly magazine format. It's a much easier way to take in Facebook information.My Flipboard has Facebook, Twitter, AllThingsD, National Geographic, San Francisco Chronicle, among others. I considered the CNN feed but felt that the CNN iPad app renders information and video better than on Flipboard, which is an exception. (Check out 15 best iPad apps for newbies.)Because I do research for stories on Safari, I also decided that I would bookmark many of the news sources and stay in Safari as much as possible. This way I won't have to bounce in and out of apps as often. For long stories I find on the Web, I'll read later over Instapaper.Maybe iOS 5, expected to be announced June 6 at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference, will bring tabs to mobile Safari. Either way, I'm guessing that the iPad (and other tablets) are reducing the need for the development of mobile Web sites and perhaps bringing back the well-designed, full Web site.With Flipboard, Instapaper and mobile Safari, I find that I don't need a lot of individual content apps on the iPad.iPad: A Content-Creation MachineWhere the iPad really diverges from the iPhone is in the area of content-generation. As a tech reporter, I use the following iPad apps for work: IA Writer, QuickOffice, Dropbox, SoundNote, WordBook XL, as well as the iPhone app AP Style Book.While some of these apps are on my iPhone, I hardly use them. I just can't imagine writing a story on the iPhone. On the iPad, I use them all the time. (Check out 5 awesome iPad productivity apps for under $5 and three must-have productivity tools.) I have an Apple Wireless Keyboard to go with the iPad, which makes typing and navigating around a document with the arrow keys just as easy as on a Mac. I also have the Apple Camera Connector to download and send photos. Now with the new iPhone hotspot feature, it's easy to file iPad-generated stories.Fact is, the iPad and iPhone complement each other because they're used in vastly different ways\u2014and this means the go-to apps must vary, too.Tom Kaneshige covers Apple and Networking for CIO.com. Follow Tom on Twitter @kaneshige. Follow everything from CIO.com on Twitter @CIOonline and on Facebook. Email Tom at email@example.com


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CRS: A Low Carbon Fuel Standard: State and Federal Legislation and Regulations, December 23, 2008
From WikiLeaks
About this CRS report
This document was obtained by Wikileaks from the United States Congressional Research Service.
The CRS is a Congressional "think tank" with a staff of around 700. Reports are commissioned by members of Congress on topics relevant to current political events. Despite CRS costs to the tax payer of over $100M a year, its electronic archives are, as a matter of policy, not made available to the public.
Individual members of Congress will release specific CRS reports if they believe it to assist them politically, but CRS archives as a whole are firewalled from public access.
This report was obtained by Wikileaks staff from CRS computers accessible only from Congressional offices.
For other CRS information see: Congressional Research Service.
For press enquiries, consult our media kit.
If you have other confidential material let us know!.
For previous editions of this report, try OpenCRS.
Wikileaks release: February 2, 2009
Publisher: United States Congressional Research Service
Title: A Low Carbon Fuel Standard: State and Federal Legislation and Regulations
CRS report number: R40078
Author(s): Brent D. Yacobucci, Specialist in Energy and Environmental Policy
Date: December 23, 2008
- Abstract
- The establishment of a low carbon fuel standard could significantly affect fuel supplies and fuel prices. However, the details of any program are key to determining those effects. The stringency, scope, time frame, and flexibility of the program would determine its ultimate effects on both fuel markets and greenhouse gas emissions. The development of California's rules could inform policymakers looking to establish a federal LCFS. However, the scope of a federal program- requiring compliance nationwide-would likely affect the fuel system in ways not comparable to California's experience. If more low-carbon fuel is needed in California, supply can be shifted from other parts of the country not under an LCFS. If more low-carbon fuel is needed nationwide, higher production and/or imports would be necessary. If the requirements of a low carbon fuel standard get ahead of the necessary supply, conventional fuel supply would need to be curtailed, or the program would need to be delayed. It is likely that the proposals with later time frames would be less disruptive to the fuel supply.
- Download


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You're not designing electronics by yourself. It can take teams of hundreds of designers, engineers, supply chain and manufacturing people to successfully bring a product to market. It's essential this happens as efficiently as possible if you're going to meet strict budgets and deadlines. So how are you supposed to design without stepping on everyone else's toes? How do you make sure that after all designers have contributed to the project, there is only one final source of data?
Inefficient Teamwork on the Same Design
Collaboration between hundreds of stakeholders is common for large projects, and seeing exactly what everyone is doing is a huge challenge. Visibility into all design work can help ensure an efficient workflow without the need for a complicated system of emails, notes, and other unnecessary back and forth communication. The delicate part is integrating a system that enables teamwork and collaboration without stifling creative design and innovation.
PCB Collaboration
Stop worrying about stepping on each other's toes
- Easily see changes to the board from several designers simultaneously, then choose to merge or discard those changes down to the finest detail.
Learn More about Collaborate, Compare and Merge
- Add comments to any schematic or PCB document in a Managed Project to enable a thorough, real-time design review process.
Learn More about Commenting
- Let the Altium Vault (Now Altium Concord Pro) handle the back end of collaboration with the mechanical design team, so you don't have to worry about anything but designing.
Learn More about Collaboration
Multiple Sources of Conflicting Design Data
Several designers working on the same project means that if there's failure to communicate, you could end up with multiple versions of the same design data. Trying to sort this out can be almost more trouble than starting over, and can leave you behind schedule and over budget. How can you make sure everything is managed and approved, so you don't have to do redundant work?
Better Design Data Management
Mantain data integrity by making sure you only have one source of design data
- Make sure every piece of data created and used in your design has an approved revision and lifecycle state.
Learn More about Revision Management
- Manage projects in a formal way to ensure everyone is working from the same source.
Learn More about Managed Projects
- Control and manage the software configuration for all designers so everyone's tools adhere to the same set of organizational standards.
Learn More about Environment Configuration Management
Communication Across Different Design Domains
PCB design is only one element of a complete electronic product lifecycle. Board designers, engineers, CAD librarians, mechanical designers, supply chain experts, manufacturing specialists, and plenty of other people all work with your design. Integrating all of these aspects into a single workflow can be a major source of inefficiency during your design.
Complete Electronics Design Workflow
Seamlessly combine every part of electronics design into a single workflow
- Native 3D PCB design lets you visualize your board just like you would in the real world, and easily integrate your mechanical design flow into a PCB design.
Learn More about Native 3D PCB Design
- Real-time supplier links bring you the most accurate pricing, quantity, and parametric information from popular vendors such as DigiKey and Mouser.
Learn More about Supplier Links
- A unified software environment integrates every part of the design process into a single package, allowing you to quickly and easily collaborate with other designers in your workflow.
Learn More about the Altium Unified Environment


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Blackout: How Argentina 'Eliminated' Africans From Its History And Conscience
Tens of millions of black Africans were forcibly removed from their homelands from the 16th century to the 19th century to toil on the plantations and farms of the New World. This so-called "Middle Passage" accounted for one of the greatest forced migrations of people in human history, as well as one of the greatest tragedies the world has ever witnessed.
Millions of these helpless Africans washed ashore in Brazil -- indeed, in the present-day, roughly one-half of the Brazilian population trace their lineage directly to Africa. African culture has imbued Brazil permanently and profoundly, in terms of music, dance, food and in many other tangible ways.
But what about Brazil's neighbor, Argentina? Hundreds of thousands of Africans were brought there as well – yet, the black presence in Argentina has virtually vanished from the country's records and consciousness.
According to historical accounts, Africans first arrived in Argentina in the late 16th century in the region now called the Rio de la Plata, which includes Buenos Aires, primarily to work in agriculture and as domestic servants. By the late 18th century and early 19th century, black Africans were numerous in parts of Argentina, accounting for up to half the population in some provinces, including Santiago del Estero, Catamarca, Salta and Córdoba.
In Buenos Aires, neighborhoods like Monserrat and San Telmo housed many black slaves, some of whom were engaged in craft-making for their masters. Indeed, blacks accounted for an estimated one-third of the city's population, according to surveys taken in the early 1800s.
Slavery was officially abolished in 1813, but the practice remained in place until about 1853. Ironically, at about this time, the black population of Argentina began to plunge.
Historians generally attribute two major factors to this sudden "mass disappearance" of black Africans from the country – the deadly war against Paraguay from 1865-1870 (in which thousands of blacks fought on the frontlines for the Argentine military) as well as various other wars; and the onset of yellow fever in Buenos Aires in 1871.
The heavy casualties suffered by black Argentines in military combat created a huge gender gap among the African population – a circumstance that appears to have led black women to mate with whites, further diluting the black population. Many other black Argentines fled to neighboring Brazil and Uruguay, which were viewed as somewhat more hospitable to them.
Others claim something more nefarious at work.
It has been alleged that the president of Argentina from 1868 to 1874, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, sought to wipe out blacks from the country in a policy of covert genocide through extremely repressive policies (including possibly the forced recruitment of Africans into the army and by forcing blacks to remain in neighborhoods where disease would decimate them in the absence of adequate health care).
Tellingly, Sarmiento wrote in his diary in 1848: "In the United States… 4 million are black, and within 20 years will be 8 [million]…. What is [to be] done with such blacks, hated by the white race? Slavery is a parasite that the vegetation of English colonization has left attached to leafy tree of freedom."
By 1895, there were reportedly so few blacks left in Argentina that the government did not even bother registering African-descended people in the national census.
The CIA World Factbook currently notes that Argentina is 97 percent white (primarily comprising people descended from Spanish and Italian immigrants), thereby making it the "whitest" nation in Latin America.
But blacks did not really vanish from Argentina – despite attempts by the government to eliminate them (partially by encouraging large-scale immigration in the late 19th and 20th century from Europe and the Near East). Rather, they remain a hidden and forgotten part of Argentine society.
Hisham Aidi, a lecturer at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs, wrote on Planete Afrique that in the 1950s, when the black American entertainer Josephine Baker arrived in Argentina, she asked the mixed-race minister of public health, Ramon Carilio: "Where are the Negroes?" In response, Carilio joked: "There are only two -- you and I."
As in virtually all Latin American societies where blacks mixed with whites and with local Indians, the question of race is extremely complex and contentious.
"People of mixed ancestry are often not considered 'black' in Argentina, historically, because having black ancestry was not considered proper," said Alejandro Frigerio, an anthropologist at the Universidad Catolica de Buenos Aires, according to Planete Afrique.
"Today the term 'negro' is used loosely on anyone with slightly darker skin, but they can be descendants of indigenous Indians [or] Middle Eastern immigrants."
AfricaVive, a black empowerment group founded in Buenos Aires in the late 1990s, claimed that there are 1 million Argentines of black African descent in the country (out of a total population of about 41 million). A report in the Washington Post even suggested that 10 percent of Buenos Aires' population may have African blood (even if they are classified as "whites" by the census).
"People for years have accepted the idea that there are no black people in Argentina," Miriam Gomes, a professor of literature at the University of Buenos Aires, who is part black herself, told the Post.
"Even the schoolbooks here accepted this as a fact. But where did that leave me?"
She also explained that almost no one in Argentina with black blood in their veins will admit to it.
"Without a doubt, racial prejudice is great in this society, and people want to believe that they are white," she said. "Here, if someone has one drop of white blood, they call themselves white."
Gomes also told the San Francisco Chronicle that after many decades of white immigration into Argentina, people with African blood have been able to blend in and conceal their origins.
"Argentina's history books have been partly responsible for misinformation regarding Africans in Argentine society," she said. "Argentines say there are no blacks here. If you're looking for traditional African people with very black skin, you won't find it. African people in Argentina are of mixed heritage."
Ironically, Argentina's most famous cultural gift to the world – the tango – came from the African influence.
"The first paintings of people dancing the tango are of people of African descent," Gomes added.
On a broader scale, the "elimination" of blacks from the country's history and consciousness reflected the long-cherished desire of successive Argentine governments to imagine the country as an "all-white" extension of Western Europe in Latin America.
"There is a silence about the participation of Afro-Argentines in the history and building of Argentina, a silence about the enslavement and poverty," said Paula Brufman, an Argentine law student and researcher, according to Planete Afrique.
"The denial and disdain for the Afro community shows the racism of an elite that sees Africans as undeveloped and uncivilized."
© Copyright IBTimes 2023. All rights reserved.
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I gave a talk last week to the Delaware ILEAD group (I'll be posting that talk next week - probably) and part of my talk was about how to be successful. I only had an hour to talk, so I couldn't expound at length on what I mean by "successful." But that's what a blog is for, right?
My thoughts on this are kind of messy, due in part to the fact that external success doesn't always lead to feeling successful. For now, the best way to explain how I think of success is to share that clip from City Slickers. Each person, each project, really needs a separate definition of success. The important part is to think long and hard about why you're doing a thing so you'll know what success looks like.
If at first you don't succeed, immediately reevaluate your operationalization of success.
— Shit Academics Say (@AcademicsSay) June 24, 2015
I think the hardest thing for most people is that they think their success has to look like other people's successes. Sometimes they will, like earning a graduate degree or finding a parking space near the door. For others, it will be highly individualized. I knew my graphic novel collection at a former workplace was successful when I saw senior faculty members, and even emeritus faculty, checking those books out. I knew that this blog was successful when I started seeing library science graduate programs in the Traffic Sources section of my blog stats.
A particularly tricky part of defining success is that people tend to get frustrated when it doesn't happen immediately. I've had twelve years since getting my MLIS to transform small career successes into bigger ones. I've had 2.5 years of being a library director with small successes leading to bigger ones. This process of watching my small successes turn into larger successes is so important to me, and so central to keeping myself motivated, that I've made it a part of my workflow. I regularly document all of my small successes and map them onto larger successes (and I have it in my Google Drive so I have immediate access to it no matter where I am).
There's also the fact that success has an internal measure. We are all so busy comparing ourselves to others. Even if those other people have very similar circumstances to ours, we can't know everything that goes into another project. Timing and people's moods and the small breeze from a butterfly's wings in Bangladesh can all make a difference. Or, in the words of one of my writing partners, "The fleeting and contingent recognition of success is not an accurate representation of the awesome [stuff] your readers are accomplishing."
Finally, and this cannot be stated enough, there's always a little bit of luck involved in success - especially the big flashy successes that get both external recognition and give you an internal sense of accomplishment. This blog, my other publications, my conference presentations, and even my job title all get high marks for recognition and accomplishment. They are also, all, a result of being in the right place at the right time.*
So, how do you define success? Have I made you think differently about it?
*Your mileage may vary, especially when one takes privilege or lack thereof into account.


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Michael Marks
Index of Writings
- A Day to Remember
- A Soldier's Christmas
- Burned in My Memory
- Christmas Wish
- Eleven Thousand Soldiers
- Reporting from the Front
- The Name on The Wall
- The Sands of Christmas
- The Things I Carry
- The Treasures We Don't Own
- When Titans Walked
The messages come from across the country and around the world from service members and their families, thanking Michael Marks for his poetry. Posted on Web sites and circulated through e-mails, Mr. Marks' poems "A Soldier's Christmas" and "The Sands of Christmas" add a patriotic touch to the holidays.
"I am a United Methodist pastor and a Vietnam veteran A-4 pilot," one e-mail says. "I found your poem at vietvet.org and appreciate it very much. I am writing to ask your permission to read it to my congregation on Christmas Eve."
Another e-mail says, "I am writing to tell you how much your poems have meant to our family, especially to my brother who is serving on a submarine. We had sent him a copy of 'A Soldier's Christmas' because we thought he would like it.... He wrote back to say that on Christmas Eve it was read on the intercom for everybody to hear. He said that it really brought a bit of home when they were so far away on Christmas."
Mr. Marks, 41, a Leesburg, Va., resident, says he has been interested in poetry since sixth grade, when he won a school poetry contest. "I guess it stuck," says the defense consultant and author of the book, The Emergency Responder's Guide to Terrorism.
Thanks to the Internet, his poems have made him something of a holiday hero. A Google search for his poems turns up 1,000 links to A Soldier's Christmas written in 2000, and 800 links for The Sands of Christmas written in 2003.
He grew up in "a very patriotic household," Mr. Marks says. His father was a Marine veteran and missile engineer. Mr. Marks recalls going out, at age 5, "in my best little suit with my grandma selling red paper poppies to fund raise for the American Legion Auxiliary."
He turned to poetry on Pearl Harbor Day -- December 7 -- in 2000 to express concern after some soldiers' absentee ballots were questioned during that year's presidential elections.
"Sitting here listening to all this, I started thinking about ways to say 'thank you' " to the troops, Mr. Marks says. That inspired A Soldier's Christmas about a dream encounter with a soldier who says, "to know you remember we fought and we bled is payment enough."
"I put it out on the Web. I didn't think it would draw the level of response it did," Mr. Marks says. "I started getting e-mails from everywhere -- Bosnia, Okinawa, everywhere you could imagine."
That reaction encouraged him to write more poems, including The Name on the Wall about the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.
"The 390th Strategic Missile Wing contacted me and asked me to write a poem for the dedication of the Titan Missile Museum... That poem, When Titans Walked was read at the dedication and hangs framed in the museum," Mr. Marks says.
His work is posted at the International War Veterans' Poetry Archives, but also is all over the Web -- with the poet's generous permission.
The Sands of Christmas was inspired when Mr. Marks compared his problems -- he is a fan of the NFL's Miami Dolphins, who had "lost by six" -- with the challenges faced by soldiers who have "no Christmas turkey, just a pack of MREs" or meals ready to eat.
His works have earned him no money, Mr. Marks said, but that doesn't matter. He gets paid in grateful e-mails, like this one:
"I am the mother of two sons in the U.S. Army -- one a combat engineer with the 10th Mountain Division in Afghanistan and the other a medic with the 172nd Infantry at Fort Wainwright, Fairbanks, Alaska. Neither will be home for Christmas this year. Thank you for expressing in such beautiful words the gratitude we should all have for our warriors of the U.S. military."
When he first posted his poetry online, Mr. Marks said, "I didn't even know if anyone would read the thing.... The return on it has been more than any dollar figure that I could ever put on it.


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Japanese Internment: Why It Was a Good Idea--And the Lessons It Offers TodayNews at Home
tags: Japanese internment
For years, it has been my position that the threat of radical Islam implies an imperative to focus security measures on Muslims. If searching for rapists, one looks only at the male population. Similarly, if searching for Islamists (adherents of radical Islam), one looks at the Muslim population.
And so, I was encouraged by a just-released Cornell University opinion survey that finds nearly half the U.S. population agreeing with this proposition. Specifically, 44 percent of Americans believe that government authorities should direct special attention toward Muslims living in America, either by registering their whereabouts, profiling them, monitoring their mosques, or infiltrating their organizations.
Also encouraging, the survey finds the more people follow TV news, the more likely they are to support these common-sense steps. Those who are best informed about current issues, in other words, are also the most sensible about adopting self-evident defensive measures.
That's the good news; the bad news is the near-universal disapproval of this realism. Leftist and Islamist organizations have so successfully intimidated public opinion that polite society shies away from endorsing a focus on Muslims.
In America, this intimidation results in large part from a revisionist interpretation of the evacuation, relocation, and internment of ethnic Japanese during World War II. Although more than 60 years past, these events matter yet deeply today, permitting the victimization lobby, in compensation for the supposed horrors of internment, to condemn in advance any use of ethnicity, nationality, race, or religion in formulating domestic security policy.
Denying that the treatment of ethnic Japanese resulted from legitimate national security concerns, this lobby has established that it resulted solely from a combination of"wartime hysteria" and"racial prejudice." As radical groups like the American Civil Liberties Union wield this interpretation, in the words of Michelle Malkin,"like a bludgeon over the War on Terror debate," they pre-empt efforts to build an effective defense against today's Islamist enemy.
Fortunately, the intrepid Ms. Malkin, a columnist and specialist on immigration issues, has re-opened the internment file. Her recently published book, bearing the provocative title In Defense of Internment: The Case for Racial Profiling in World War II and the War on Terror (Regnery), starts with the unarguable premise that in time of war,"the survival of the nation comes first." From there, she draws the corollary that"Civil liberties are not sacrosanct."
She then reviews the historical record of the early 1940s and finds that:
Within hours of the attacks on Pearl Harbor, two American citizens of Japanese ancestry, with no prior history of anti-Americanism, shockingly collaborated with a Japanese soldier against their fellow Hawaiians.
The Japanese government established"an extensive espionage network within the United States" believed to include hundreds of agents.
In contrast to loose talk about"American concentration camps," the relocation camps for Japanese were"spartan facilities that were for the most part administered humanely." As proof, she notes that over 200 individuals voluntarily chose to move into the camps.
The relocation process itself won praise from Carey McWilliams, a contemporary leftist critic (and future editor of the Nation), for taking place"without a hitch."
A federal panel that reviewed these issues in 1981-83, the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, was, Ms. Malkin explains,"Stacked with left-leaning lawyers, politicians, and civil rights activists – but not a single military officer or intelligence expert."
The apology for internment by Ronald Reagan in 1988, in addition to the nearly $1.65 billion in reparations paid to former internees was premised on faulty scholarship. In particular, it largely ignored the top-secret decoding of Japanese diplomatic traffic, codenamed the MAGIC messages, which revealed Tokyo's plans to exploit Japanese-Americans.
Ms. Malkin has done the singular service of breaking the academic single-note scholarship on a critical subject, cutting through a shabby, stultifying consensus to reveal how,"given what was known and not known at the time," President Roosevelt and his staff did the right thing.
She correctly concludes that, especially in time of war, governments should take into account nationality, ethnicity, and religious affiliation in their homeland security policies and engage in what she calls"threat profiling." These steps may entail bothersome or offensive measures but, she argues, they are preferable to"being incinerated at your office desk by a flaming hijacked plane."
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This article is reprinted with permission by Daniel Pipes. This article first appeared in the New York Sun.
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Brian Chiang - 7/1/2008
In reply to Keith:
Japanese-Americans were not interned in Hawaii because they constituted a majority of the demographic. Hawai'i's population was 40% JAPANESE-AMERICAN. This issue was discussed when the idea of Japanese internment was introduced. To take a 40% of a state's population would result in serious economic and social issues to deal with.
Its also sad that almost nobody knows of Japanese-American contributions in WWII. The US Army 442nd RCT/100th Battalion is the most DECORATED U.S. military regiment-sized unit in U.S. military history. 442nd RCT decorations consists of a approximately 18,000 awards: 21 Medals of Honor, 52 Distinguished Service Crosses (19 of which were upgraded to MOH's), 560 Silver Stars (28 Oak Leaf clusters for a SECOND award), 22 Legion of Merit awards, 15 Soldier's medals, 4,000 Bronze stars (1,200 Oak Leaf clusters for second award, one award was upgraded to Medal of Honor), and 9,486 purple hearts.
All 442nd soldiers were volunteers. Those from the mainland U.S. volunteered while interned, and soldiers from the mainland on leave visited families in their respective camps. Internment is a good idea? How hypocritical is it for a nation to intern its own citizens then ask for their military service?
Peter K. Clarke - 10/9/2007
A classic technique of a classic demagogue. He has appeared here on HNN about 50 times. When will Le Pen, Haider and David Duke join him ?
Irfan Khawaja - 8/4/2006
Although I agree with most everything people have said here, I ran into an odd item in the NY Times relevant to the issue of "When looking for a rapist, one looks only at the male population." Here is the link:
I'm not sure that link will work unless you are a registered Times reader, but it's a 1/10/05 story of a town in which all of the men are voluntarily being asked to give semen samples to identify semen found on the clothing of a murder victim (Pam Belluck, "To Try to Net Killer, Police Ask a Small Town's Men for DNA"). The first paragraph:
TRURO, Mass., Jan. 7 - In an unusual last-ditch move to find clues to the three-year-old killing of a freelance fashion writer, police investigators are trying to get DNA samples from every man in this Cape Cod hamlet, all 790 or so, or as many as will agree.
Raising concerns among civil libertarians and prompting both resistance and support from men in Truro, the state and local police began collecting the genetic samples last week, visiting delicatessens, the post office and even the town dump to politely ask men to cooperate. Legal experts said the sweeping approach had been used only in limited instances before in the United States - although it is more widely used in Europe - and in at least one of those cases it prompted a lawsuit.
This is pretty intrusive, but not in my view literally violative of the Fourth Amendment. It's about as far as profiling can go without violating it.
I can imagine a terrorism-related analogue, e.g., when there's a terrorist attack every Muslim in town is voluntarily expected to check in with the local PD. It's the voluntary equivalent of a registry. I wouldn't necessarily object to doing that (it depends), but I would definitely object to regarding voluntary non-compliance with it as the main evidence in an affidavit for probable cause.
Michael Charles Benson - 1/14/2005
I presume that Daniel Pipes, in an effort to not speak on a subject without thoroughly investigating it, has already read the substantial debunking of Malkin's book by Greg Robinson and Eric Muller available on his site (http://www.isthatlegal.org/Muller_and_Robinson_on_Malkin.html for those interested). I presume as well that since Malkin was never able to adequately respond to this criticism, Pipes must have some new argument I had never thought of. I, for one, would like to see a thorough debunking of the critical response to Malkin's book by Pipes.
Keith P Knuuti - 1/12/2005
Just to add to Adam's points, it is important to remember that in Hawaii Japanese-Americans (not Japanese) were *not* interned, even though Hawaii was actually attacked by Japanese forces. In fact, the U.S. military continued to employ large numbers of Japanese-Americans at U.S. military installations.
If Hawaii, a state that had suffered direct military attack and that had a much higher percentage of Japanese-American citizens than any other state, was never brought under the umbrella of the relocation and internment system, then one has to seriously question almost every assertion Pipes makes in regard to this issue.
Averill J Leslie - 1/12/2005
"If searching for rapists, one looks only at the male population."
I just want to complicate this statement. It is true that the large majority of sexual assaults are committed by men against women. (It is also true that the large majority of sexual assaults are committed by men who are WELL KNOWN to the women they assault--it might be interesting to consider what twists this second fact throws into Pipes' use of rape as an analogy.)
Despite this majority, however, a blanket statement such as Mr. Pipes' carries the risk of covering up the existence of other types of assault--women most certainly can be and are the assaulters in some cases. I have encountered both men and women who have been raped by a woman.
One of the major hurdles that a rape survivor faces is having her or his experience recognized and having it acknowledged as having really happened--not, in otherwords, having it be covered up or disbelieved or simply disregarded. The invisibility of assaults upon minority assault survivors (such as men, or women raped by another woman) places a double burden upon them. It is also a double stigma--rape is stigmatized to begin with, and minority-victim rape is additionaly stigmatized for not being "normal" rape. It is somewhat upsetting to think that even something like rape can have norms and must obey certain polite forms.
That's why even a statement as small as this one that opens up Mr. Pipes' article (and it is especially concerning precisely because it IS the opener, and as such gets to slip in as something quickly taken for granted rather than something possibly up for contestation) is so concerning to me: because it suggests that real people's experiences do not exist or are not significant (perhaps THIS is a better analogy between Japanese internment and the pathology of rape).
Certainly, in order to be able to deal successfully with the problem of rape, we must take account of the fact that the majority of assaults are in the direction Mr. Pipes describes, but that does not mean we can write the majority experience into the ONLY experience.
Marc "Adam Moshe" Bacharach - 1/11/2005
I agree with Derek on this issue 100%, and have just a few points to make on the article itself.
1) "If searching for rapists, one looks only at the male population. Similarly, if searching for Islamists (adherents of radical Islam), one looks at the Muslim population."
The problem with this analogy is that it does not happen. When a rapist is on the loose, "men" as a general category are not targeted, interrogated, or harassed, unless the police have something else to go on (like clothing or description) or witness suspicious behavior.
2) "Within hours of the attacks on Pearl Harbor, two American citizens of Japanese ancestry, with no prior history of anti-Americanism, shockingly collaborated with a Japanese soldier against their fellow Hawaiians."
If this is true, it means that the culprits were apprehended. Is there any reason to believe that the traditional process of investigation would have been ineffective in identifying spies? Furthermore, was there any reason to believe that this was not unique to Hawaii, since that is where the Japanese launched their attack?
3) "The Japanese government established "an extensive espionage network within the United States" believed to include hundreds of agents."
Was this not also true of Germans and Italians? Furthermore, it seems to me like temporarily suspending all Japanese Americans from work in military areas would have been a far less drastic a response.
4) "the relocation camps for Japanese were "spartan facilities that were for the most part administered humanely." As proof, she notes that over 200 individuals voluntarily chose to move into the camps."
Given that over 120,000 Japanese were interned, I have little faith on the decision of 200 people who went, particularly without any mention of their motives (perhaps the harassment of the government and their fellow citizens left them little choice).
5) "The relocation process itself won praise from Carey McWilliams, a contemporary leftist critic (and future editor of the Nation), for taking place "without a hitch."
That fact that some liberal supported it means absolutely nothing to me. Quoting conservatives to condemn Bush, or Jews to condemn Israel, or what have you have never impressed me.
6) "A federal panel that reviewed these issues in 1981-83, the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, was, Ms. Malkin explains, "Stacked with left-leaning lawyers, politicians, and civil rights activists – but not a single military officer or intelligence expert."
This may be a legitimate concern, but I do not believe that fact alone can erase their conclusions without some additional evidence other than simply calling the authors names.
Derek Charles Catsam - 1/11/2005
I'm not certain how anyone's security is protected when you take antire categories of people, all American citizens, with no documented security threat (as the American military established before, during and after internment, which was nothing more than a political palliative that had nothing to do with national security.) A policy that attacks particular classes and categories of people needs the strictest scrutiny. targeting all japanese-Americans was useless, it was ineffective, and it was racist. While a few foreign nationals in the Italian and german communities in the US also were interned, it is useful to note that almost no german-American or Italian American US citizens were interned. It was a colossally stupid, racist policy and Pipes is wrong to defend it.
Chris Bray - 1/10/2005
It would be nice to see Pipes bother to address Lt. Gen. John DeWitt's reasoning, from the official Army report on internment, and explain why this statement is not meaningful:
"In the war in which we are now engaged racial affinities are not severed by migration. The Japanese race is an enemy race and while many second and third generation Japanese born on United States soil, possessed of United States citizenship, have become 'Americanized,' the racial strains are undiluted. To conclude otherwise is to expect that children born of white parents on Japanese soil sever all racial affinity and become loyal Japanese subjects, ready to fight and, if necessary,to die for Japan in a war against the nation of their parents. . . . It, therefore, follows that along the vital Pacific Coast over 112,000 potential enemies, of Japanese extraction, are at large today. There are indications that these were organized and ready for concerted action at a favorable opportunity. The very fact that no sabotage has taken place to date is a disturbing and confirming indication that such action will be taken."
Chris Bray - 1/10/2005
Daniel Pipes argues that we should "focus security measures on" a particular population, but doesn't give the slightest hint what that means. He has claimed, elsewhere, that he opposes internment and registration for American Muslims, but it's interesting that he offers this not-for-internment clarification so that readers don't misunderstand his essay in favor of, well, internment. (In the accompanying piece here, Irfan Khawaja makes a strong argument about Pipes' logic w/r/t internment. Enough said on that point.)
So, for Daniel Pipes, a question: What "security measures," specifically, are implied by this vague "focus"? Do you support the covert surveillance of the Muslim population at large, for example?
The Daniel Pipes trick, as I've seen it, is to deny specific suggestions about what he believes -- I do not support Muslim internment -- without ever actually identifying the precise, specific measures that he favors. It would be good to see the list of "security measures" that he would support.
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What We Learned: End of the Red Wings and Sharks as we know them?
Hello, this is a feature that will run through the entire season and aims to recap the weekend's events and boils those events down to one admittedly superficial fact or stupid opinion about each team. Feel free to complain about it.
And so it was that two long-standing Western Conference powers crashed out of the 2012 Stanley Cup Playoffs, bending the knee to upstart franchises in just five games each …
You might not have liked the Sharks or Red Wings in their series against the Blues and Predators, but it was very difficult to see either one crashing out in five, wasn't it?
Now both find themselves at a bit of a crossroads. Detroit, of course, has been hearing "they're too old to keep doing this much longer" forever. But were it not for what even the staunchest of statsphobic old-timers would call a lucky, impossible-to-replicate home winning streak, it's difficult to get excited about the team's prospects going forward. No one on the Wings broke 70 points, and that's the first time since 2003-04 that such a thing has happened. They only had 17 road wins this season, and didn't win once at Joe Louis Arena in the playoffs. Causes for concern, certainly, made no less worrisome by the prospect of Nicklas Lidstrom hanging them up.
[ Related: After first-round elimination, Sharks face uncertain future ]
Make no mistake, this is an old team. Second-oldest in the league behind New Jersey, in fact. The number of players in their top-10 for scoring under the age of 30 was just three, and they weren't exactly three guys you see a guy as apparently smart as Ken Holland building a team around: Valtteri Filppula and Jiri Hudler, who played most of the year with Henrik Zetterberg, and Ian White, who took the majority of his shifts with Lidstrom. That's not to say they're not good players in their own right (well, White isn't), but they are complementary players, and guys like Zetterberg would still succeed regardless of who played with them.
They also have few particularly tantalizing prospects (the result of a decade or so of drafting pretty poorly) and Lidstrom, with his career very obviously on its last legs, simply cannot be the rough-and-ready warhorse at both ends of the ice he has been in the past, and the prospect of Niklas Kronwall playing any more minutes than he already does has to be concerning to anyone who watched this Nashville series.
[ Related: Preds make Stanley Cup statement by eliminating Red Wings ]
Now, none of this is to say that the Wings didn't carry long stretches of their playoff games, and outshoot Nashville significantly in three of the five. They did. But as the series wore on, they also often appeared baffled with how to handle the looks a line led by Martin Erat was giving them, and didn't do a very good job of silencing anyone over the course of five games.
(Coming Up: It's Claude Giroux's world, we just live in it; the end of the Pens; Marty Brodeur is old; Mike Cammalleri gets his sweater; hoping for a Nicklas Lidstrom retirement; the Islanders probably aren't Brooklyn bound; the Coyotes and Blackhawks play a lot of overtime games; Cam Ward is charitable; the Rangers can't score; Tyler Seguin is pretty good; Emerson Etem ignites; and a trade to get Roberto Luongo to Tampa Bay.)
Obviously, it's worth considering that the Red Wings have something like $16 million in salary cap money coming off the books in the offseason, and only have a few guys they'd probably look at re-signing. They also never really got drilled by Nashville until the final game of the series, when you could just tell the Preds had an extra gear the Wings didn't.
But the fact is that most players still look at Detroit as a model franchise they'd be lucky to play for; so unlike other teams, they will likely have no trouble attracting top free agents and staying at least somewhat relevant, though perhaps not at the strength they once showed.
I wouldn't be so sure about the San Jose Sharks.
This is a team whose greatness we all overestimated this past summer, simply out of habit. But throughout the season and into the playoffs, they often looked old, disinterested, out of answers and just not good enough. That was especially true against the Blues, for whom they had no plan offensively, which is a position approximately zero into which people saw them slipping backwards even three or four months ago.
More worrying, though, is that there's no help on the way.
[ Related: Kings eliminate Presidents' Trophy-winning Canucks ]
They have 14 players under contract next season with a combined cap hit of more than $55.5 million, and most of the larger contracts are for guys who are going to be north of 30 (Thornton, Marleau, Havlat, Clowe, Handzus, Boyle, Murray) — not where you want to be such a large portion of your cap money. And if you thought they might be able to bring up low-cost rookies from their system, think again. Hockey's Future ranks their prospect pool at dead last in the league; which, even if you don't put a ton of stock into that kind of thing, should be more than a little concerning. They can't be off by more than, say, three or four slots, right?
The Sharks, it seems, are another Calgary Flames in the making, having mismanaged a roster and thought far too much of their older players to the point that it led to severe roster mismanagement, and neglected their farm system in doing so. But since they began at a higher position, their fall will be less significant than the Northwest Division's discredited franchise.
There two teams are very much in decline and look unlikely to reclaim any former greatness they may have had, at least not within the next few years. But Detroit at least is in a significantly better position than the team that once antagonized it so when the postseason rolled around.
Not that either is enviable at this point.
What We Learned
Anaheim Ducks: After scoring 61-46-107 in 65 regular season WHL games, Ducks prospect Emerson Etem scored 7-6-13 in seven playoff appearances. Shockingly, he's also up for WHL player of the year. He's now with Syracuse in the AHL, and scored one goal in the two final games before the postseason, but has been held off the scoresheet in two playoff games. In summary, he is pretty good.
Boston Bruins: This is the culmination of two fantastic games from Tyler Seguin. He went the first five games of the series without a point but seemed at least dialed in on Saturday. On Sunday, he set up Andrew Ference's crucial third goal, then scored this beauty in OT to force Game 7 on Wednesday.
Buffalo Sabres: Darcy Regier on how to fix the Sabres next season: "We've got to reduce the injury numbers and I think that'll start there." Oh, Darcy. No. That's not the jumping-off point.
[ Nicholas J. Cotsonika: Giroux leads Flyers past Penguins | Three Stars ]
Calgary Flames: Flames AHL affiliate the Abbotsford Heat entered the postseason going 8-1-1 in their previous 10 games, and then walloped Milwaukee in the first game of the playoffs, 6-2 on the road. I'd say the future is bright but I mean come on. To be fair, though, Sven Baertschi isn't even on the team yet.
Carolina Hurricanes: Cam Ward recently put his mask from the past season up for auction to benefit the Special Olympics, and it fetched $6,000.
Chicago Blackhawks: Hey, another Blackhawks/Coyotes game that went to overtime. It's the first series to go to overtime five straight times since 1951. Both teams are aware that it's legal to finish a game in 60 minutes, right?
Colorado Avalanche: Avs governor Josh Kroenke says, hey who wouldn't want to see the team increase payroll this offseason and become competitive? I mean, they're not gonna actually, like, do it or anything, but yeah of course fans want that to happen.
Columbus Blue Jackets: The Blue Jackets need to add leadership in the offseason and will do so by trading their captain so there ya go.
Dallas Stars: Stars prospect Alex Chiasson is already well on his way to a successful pro career after leaving Boston University a year early. He had five points in the Texas Stars' final nine games. He's probably still a year or three away from being a full-time NHLer, though.
Detroit Red Wings: Will Nicklas Lidstrom retire this summer? Jeez I hope so. One of the things you could always say about Lidstrom is that no matter what, he just didn't make mistakes. This season, especially as it wore on and entered the playoffs, he started making some serious mistakes, the most egregious being Martin Erat leading him and two other Wings into the corner for a wide-open goal by Kevin Klein. Don't want to see him enter Chris Chelios territory. That would be truly sad for the second-best the world has ever seen.
Edmonton Oilers: Given Braden Holtby's performance in the playoffs, might that free up either he or Michal Neuvirth in the offseason? And if so, should Edmonton pursue either? I dunno, I don't think either of them have much experience as defensemen at the NHL level.
Florida Panthers: Michael Yormark would really like it if Panthers fans would stop throwing rats on the ice after goals. Yeah, good luck with that.
Los Angeles Kings: Entering last night's game, the Kings' power play was really bad. Despite having the second-most power play time in the postseason, they only had three PPGs. That has to be better going forward.
Minnesota Wild: Three terribly important members of the Wild — Niklas Backstrom, Dany Heatley, and Devin Setoguchi — all had surgery in the 10 days after the season ended. So, another chance to blame injuries for the season collapsing.
[ Related: Are early exits of traditional powers good or bad for the playoffs? ]
Montreal Canadiens: Hey after the Canadiens caught all that bad press for trying to charge Mike Cammalleri for his Habs jersey, they just sent it to him for free. Was it really so hard?
Nashville Predators: Nice of Alex Radulov to finally show up for the series, scoring the opening goal and assisting on this beautifully-crafted eventual game-winner that proved a backbreaker for the Wings.
New Jersey Devils: There can't have been too many people outside the greater Miami area that thought we'd be in this position through five games. But I guess none of us counted on Marty Brodeur being a million years old.
New York Islanders: Aww, the Islanders probably aren't moving to Brooklyn now. But the reason? "It's hard to reach for the team's fan base in Long Island and Queens." The team's what now?
New York Rangers: But I thought signing Brad Richards was going to clear up all the Rangers' scoring problems forever. They've put up 1.8 goals per game in this series. That's bad. Richards and Gaborik are tied for the team lead in points, with three. That's worse.
Ottawa Senators: Chris Neil isn't likely to face supplementary discipline for concussing Brian Boyle. Because you know hey whatever man.
Philadelphia Flyers: What a game by Claude Giroux. What a leader. What a player. This hit on Sid Crosby just six seconds in set the tone for the whole game. And oh yeah, he pretty much demanded to take the first shift.
Phoenix Coyotes: More news on the potential Coyotes sale. The Glendale city government expects a deal soon but has no timetable. They've been saying all of this for years now. How's it all worked out?
Pittsburgh Penguins: Boy if this doesn't symbolize the entire Penguins' defensive series. D does just enough to mess things up for Marc-Andre Fleury, who has no answer for even the softest shots Philly had to offer. Terribly embarrassing all around.
San Jose Sharks: This was the fastest the Sharks have ever been eliminated from the playoffs. Patrick Marleau and Joe Pavelski finished the series with a combined 0-0-0 line. Not good.
[ Related: Tyler Seguin's heroic play saves season for NHL champ Bruins ]
St. Louis Blues: The entire city of St. Louis acting like they won the Stanley Cup by winning a 2-7 series? Sure, why not?
Tampa Bay Lightning: Looks like the Bolts were planning on selling everything that wasn't nailed down to pick up Cory Schneider, and now are not going to for obvious reasons. Another player in the Jonathan Bernier sweepstakes? Can't wait.
Toronto Maple Leafs: A prominent Canadian figure skater being brought on board to help the Leafs with their skating as a means of replacing former skating coach Graeme Townshend? No, that doesn't lend itself to any jokes at all. Can't think of one. Not a single joke. Nope.
Vancouver Canucks: The Canucks decided to put together their three most, shall we say, outspoken forwards. But what to call a line consisting of Ryan Kesler, Max Lapierre, and Alex Burrows? Besides, "the one that's easiest to hate ever?"
Washington Capitals: Remember when Mike Knuble was benched (granted, because of his bad plus-minus) and everyone was all mad about it? Yeah, so does Mike Knuble. Which is why he's played his ass off ever since. Sometimes that kind of thing works, apparently.
Winnipeg Jets: Know who might end up having a rough summer? Dustin Byfuglien. He still has his trial for drunken boating from last summer coming up in July.
Gold Star Award
Maybe Claude Giroux is the second-best player on Earth now? Maybe bridging that gap with Crosby? His having 14 points in six playoff games might be a pretty good indicator. But then again…
Minus of the Weekend
Marc-Andre Fleury ended the Penguins' playoffs allowing four goals on 22 shots in Game 6, and stopped just 131 of 157 in the series. That's an .834 save percentage, the lowest by any goalie to ever make at least six appearances in a postseason. His 4.63 GAA was the highest among that same group since 1995, and sixth-worst ever. Remind me again what "elite" means, please?
Play of the Weekend
Wonderful goal by Jonathan Toews to keep his team alive.
Perfect HFBoards Trade Proposal of the Week
User "Kevin8se7en" is looking for a change.
To Vancouver:
10th Overall
Ryan Malone
To Tampa Bay:
22nd overall
Roberto Luongo
Mason Raymond
No more hitting, no more hitting.
Ryan Lambert publishes hockey awesomeness rather infrequently over at The Two-Line Pass. Check it out, why don't you? Or you can e-mail him here and follow him on Twitter if you so desire.
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text:
A cigarette is a product typically comprised of cured tobacco leaves rolled in paper into a cylinder shape.
Despite the fact that smoking is an enjoyable and relaxing pastime, cigarettes are extremely addictive, comparable to heroin though without the pronounced physical withdrawal symptoms of opiate withdrawal, due to the presence of the toxic chemical nicotine, and even occasional use carries a high risk of causing asthma, emphysema, heart attack, cancer of the lung and mouth, and severe damage to the fetus of a pregnant woman. The presence of these chemicals further exacerbates health problems. Numerous studies have shown that on average, nonsmokers live 10 years longer than smokers.
A cigarette works as follows: The tobacco is lit and the resulting smoke is inhaled by sucking it through the cigarette. This encourages the rest of the tobacco to burn. Cigarettes often have a filter on the mouth end, to provide a smoother and cleaner smoke, for increased ease of inhaling and also for improved taste.
Smoking has become one of the most derided lifestyle choices in modern times. Though it has been glamorized,[1] particularly during the Industrial Revolution and up to the 20th Century, increasing awareness against the dangers of smoking have resulted in strict regulations against marketing of cigarettes. These include, but are not limited to, bans on television advertisements, and warnings printed on cigarette packages.


text:
Starr's out tonight.
A Few days back I made reference to the different ways old newspaper comic strips are nowadays presented. I suppose you could oversimplify it and say there is the nostalgia camp and then the Comics-are-ART camp, and I'm leaving out the mass market here, that still has a place for Garfield and The Far Side. Both camps long ago decided to kick out the whole soap-opera photorealist genre from the 'canon.' Old time comics historian Bill Blackbeard dismissed the whole lot as 'dismal talking head soaps' in The Comic Strip Century that Kitchen Sink Press published. He would have liked comics to stay forever the way they were in... the early '40s(?). In the Art camp, John Carlin just ignored the whole subject in the historical survey in Masters of American Comics. I've already cut up the first of those books so that it exists in my collection in pieces, and the Masters book is starting to feel like going the same way. Having denigrated it I should give an example of the kind of nonsense in it that annoys me.
"Hogarth's sequential narratives and later studies such as The Analysis of Beauty consolidated the graphic experiments of earlier prints and established a complex language of graphic devices that artists have borrowed from ever since.
I have a book of Hogarth's complete prints; I believe i'm a perceptive reader, but I honestly don't know what Carlin is saying. If anything, Hogarth was trying to hold onto a tradition that was fast disappearing, a tradition of picture making and viewing that involved a very complicated reading of symbols. There is no modern pictorial idiom that works that way. Carlin's writing represents a kind of historiography that is of late considered bogus, this making a continuous narrative out of art so that one thing must be seen to clearly point the way to the next thing. It is considered thus because it tends to lead to false conclusions. The notion that artists stand on the shoulders of a bigger man before them so that they can see further than the bigger man is one of those metanarratives of which postmodernity chooses to be be incredulous.
These Mary Perkins books themselves have the look of having been incubated in the first camp, the nostalgia one. They are glue-bound and delighfully commonplace and unfussy in their appearance and the typesetting in the introductions is utilitarian, all just like this kind of book used to be twenty years ago. The stories, well, if you haven't encountered the strip before, see Dirk Deppey's review of Vol 1 from spetember last, or this other chap here who has fallen in love with Mary. The memory and copies of the strip have survived intact due in no small measure to guys like David Apatoff, who wrote a great piece about Starr on his blog. The last time I referred to him in this blog I may have called him a cranky old geezer, or described him as belonging to the 'flat earth school of art scholarship', head in the sand hoping that when he pulls it out modernism will have gone away. And I wrote what I wrote knowing full well that I would probably need to sing his praises a little further down the line..
My purpose here is to point to two or three aspects of the 'Photo-Realist style', as prof Mendez terms it, in his excellent work on the subject, which somebody must publish in book form! He has three pages on the strip under discussion which would make an excellent monograph just by themeselves.1,2,3, as well as pages on all the other major exponents of the style: Raymond, Drake, Kotsky etc. He has a wonderful survey of the advertising art of the period too, and shows how this connects with the style in the strips. Goddamn it, somebody publish it so I can stop trying to find my way around the peculiar design of his site.
Anyway, what I like. Days like this one from Oct 1957 (in volume 1). I was looking for a model for having figures just talking to each other, with body language carefully noted. Starr was a big influence on my thinking in that direction. Note how both characters appear in all three panels. They start facing, and end with their backs to each other.
The 'talking building' has been much scorned by the 'Vertigo generation', replacing it with the more cinematic 'voice over'. Bring it back, I say. Interestingly, there are two talking buildings in this one sunday, from the mid-seventies which can be seen entire on the Mendez site.
I love the way that, while the main characters always have a high degree of idealization in their depiction, there are so many nicely observed individuals among the secondary characters. The artist is obviously photographing his friends for reference.
After discussion with Classic Press publisher Charles Pelto I intend to write an intro for an upcoming volume of the series in which I'll talk about a lovely 1968 colour sunday tearsheet which I had professionally photographed many years ago so that I could keep it pristine forever, back before I realized that forever is bogus.
Labels: classic strips(1), hogarth