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Statement of Senator John F. Kerry, Nominee for Secretary of State
I am enormously appreciative for the very generous comments of the Chair and Ranking Member.
I will tell you that I have enjoyed Chairing this Committee and working with all of you as much as anything I have been privileged to do in my career. I think this is one of the great Committees of the Senate and it is the only major Committee I have served on every single day since I arrived here in 1985. As you know, the Committee carries special responsibilities for the security of our nation and I thank each and everyone of you for the serious consideration you have brought to challenging issues and for the incredible cooperation I have received as Chairman. If confirmed, I look forward to continuing to work closely with all of you as we tackle some very tough problems. And I particularly welcome the new members in that regard.
I am very grateful to Secretary Clinton, Senator McCain and Senator Warren for their introductions. Secretary Clinton has been superb and we all thank her for a job well done and for her tireless efforts on behalf of the nation. She has set a high mark for her stewardship of the State Department and her commitment to country. I can pledge that, with the consent of the Senate, I will do everything in my power to build on her record and the President's vision.
Senator McCain is a longtime friend. We met here in the Senate coming from very different political positions and perspectives but we found common ground. I will always be grateful for his partnership in helping to make real peace with Vietnam by establishing the most significant process in the history of our country for accounting for the missing and dead of any war, and then for lifting the embargo and ultimately normalizing relations with an old enemy. John had every reason to hate but he didn't. Instead, we were able to help heal deep wounds and end a war that divided too many for too long.
And as we talk about war and peace and foreign policy, I want us all to keep in our minds the extraordinary men and women in uniform who are on the front lines, the troops at war who help protect America. As a veteran, I will always carry the consequences of our decisions in my mind and be grateful that we have such extraordinary people to back us up.
And I thank my new colleague, Senator Warren, for her generous comments. She is a long time, fierce fighter for what is just and fair and if her testimony has an effect today and helps win votes for my confirmation, she will become the Senior Senator of our state in a record few legislative days!
It is humbling to appear before you in a new role as President Obama's nominee for Secretary of State. But my approach to this role, if confirmed, is also deeply informed by the 28 plus years that I've spent serving here on this Committee and in the Senate. That perspective will remain with me if confirmed as Secretary, and I'm already excited by the many ways in which we can work together and in which we must work together to advance America's security interests in a complicated and even dangerous world.
I would add that I'm particularly aware that in many ways the greatest challenge to America's foreign policy will be in your hands, not mine – because while it's often said that we can't be strong at home if we're not strong in the world, in these days of fiscal crisis, and as a recovering member of the Super-Committee, I am especially cognizant of the fact that we can't be strong in the world unless we are strong at home – and the first priority of business which will affect my credibility as a diplomat working to help other countries create order, is whether America at last puts its own fiscal house in order.
I can't emphasize enough how critical this imperative is. People all over the world are looking to the United States for leadership. We are known as the indispensable nation for good reason. No nation has more opportunity to advance the cause of democracy and no nation is as committed to the cause of human rights as we are. But to protect our nation and make good on all our promises, as well as to live up to our ideals and meet the crisis of this moment, it is urgent that we show people we can get our business done in an effective and timely way. It is difficult enough to solve some of the problems we face, but it becomes near impossible if we ourselves replace our credibility and leverage with gridlock and dysfunction.
More than ever, foreign policy is economic policy. The world is competing for resources and global markets. Every day that goes by where America is uncertain about engaging in that arena, unwilling to put our best foot forward and win, unwilling to demonstrate our resolve to lead, is a day in which we weaken our nation itself. My plea is that we can summon across party lines, without partisan diversions, an economic patriotism which recognizes that American strength and prospects abroad, depend on American strength and results at home. It is hard to tell the leadership of any number of countries they must get their economic issues resolved if we don't resolve our own.
It is also imperative that in implementing President Obama's vision for the world as he ends more than a decade of war, we join together to augment our message to the world. President Obama and every one of us here knows that American foreign policy is not defined by drones and deployments alone. We cannot allow the extraordinary good we do to save and change lives to be eclipsed entirely by the role we have had to play since September 11th, a role that was thrust upon us.
American foreign policy is also defined by food security and energy security, humanitarian assistance, the fight against disease and the push for development, as much as it is by any single counter terrorism initiative. It is defined by leadership on life threatening issues like climate change, or fighting to lift up millions of lives by promoting freedom and democracy from Africa to the Americas or speaking out for the prisoners of gulags in North Korea or millions of refugees and displaced persons and victims of human trafficking. It is defined by keeping faith with all that our troops have sacrificed to secure for Afghanistan. America lives up to her values when we give voice to the voiceless.
I share with the President the conviction it is equally imperative we assert a new role in a world of increasing failed and failing states. Burgeoning populations of young people, hungry for jobs, opportunity, individual rights and freedom are rebelling against years of disenfranchisement and humiliation. A fruit vendor in Tunisia who ignited the Arab awakening wanted dignity and respect. He wanted to sell his fruit without corruption and abuse. The youth of Tahrir Square who brought Egypt its revolution represented a generational thirst for opportunity and individual participatory rights of governance--not a religious movement. The developed world can do more to meet the challenge and responsibility of these aspirations. With the help of all the members of this Committee, I am determined to help President Obama meet this moment.
The world is well aware we face a number of immediate, dangerous challenges, particularly in the Middle East and South and Central Asia. Given our extraordinary interest in non-proliferation, we must resolve the questions surrounding Iran's nuclear program. The President has made it definitive--we will do what we must to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. I repeat here today: our policy is not containment. It is prevention and the clock is ticking on our efforts to secure responsible compliance. This Administration, working with Congress and an unprecedented international coalition, has put into place crippling sanctions on Iran. President Obama has stated again and again, he prefers a diplomatic resolution to this challenge, and I will work to give diplomacy every effort to succeed. But no one should mistake our resolve to reduce the nuclear threat.
Nearly 42 years ago Chairman Fulbright first gave me the opportunity to testify before this Committee during a difficult and divided time for our country. Today I can't help but recognize that the world itself then was in many ways simpler, divided as it was along bi-polar, Cold War antagonisms. Today's world is more complicated than anything we have experienced – from the emergence of China, to the Arab Awakening; inextricably linked economic, health, environmental and demographic issues, proliferation, poverty, pandemic disease, refugees, conflict ongoing in Afghanistan, entire populations and faiths struggling with the demands of modernity, and the accelerating pace of technological innovation shifting power from nation-states to individuals.
With the end of the Cold War, Henry Kissinger pointed out in his superb book on Diplomacy: "None of the most important countries which must build a new world order have had any experience with the multistate system that is emerging. Never before has a new world order had to be assembled from so many different perceptions, or on so global a scale. Nor has any previous order had to combine the attributes of the historic balance-of-power system with global democratic opinion and the exploding technology of the contemporary period." That was written in 1994. It may be more relevant today.
So this really is a time for American leadership, a time for fresh thinking, and a time to find ways to work together to maximize the impact of all America's resources, including the United States Senate.
If I am confirmed, one of the first things I intend to do is to sit down with Senator Menendez and Senator Corker and all the Members of the Committee to talk about how we can have a constructive dialogue and a collegial relationship because, even as we pride ourselves on the separation of powers and the unique oversight role the Committee plays, the challenges in the world are so enormous that we would do our country a disservice if we did not identify the ways we can help each other confront a unique set of questions globally.
If you confirm me, I would take office as Secretary proud that the Senate is in my blood – but equally proud that so too is the foreign service. My Dad's work under Presidents, both Democratic and Republican, took me and my siblings around the world for a personal journey that brought home the sacrifices and commitment the men and women of the foreign service make every day on behalf of America. I wish everyone in the country could see and understand first-hand the devotion, loyalty and amazingly hard, often dangerous work that our diplomats on the front lines do. Their's is service which earns our country an enormous return on our investment. I will be proud and honored to represent them and I will work hard to augment our public diplomacy so that the story is told at home and abroad.
Everyone on this Committee knows well the road ahead is tough. But I believe just as deeply that global leadership is a strategic imperative for America, not a favor we do for other countries. It amplifies our voice and extends our reach. It's the key to jobs, the fulcrum of our influence, and it matters – it really matters to the daily lives of Americans. It matters that we get this moment right for America and it matters that we get it right for the world.
One discussion that I particularly look forward to beginning with you, my colleagues, and with our country, is about the commitment we make in our foreign affairs budget – less than one percent of the entire budget of the government. Not just in my briefings at the State Department but in my conversations with business leaders and in my trips to crisis areas, war zones and refugee camps in some of the poorest countries on earth, I have been reminded of the importance of the work our State Department does to protect and advance America's interests and do the job of diplomacy in a dangerous world.
In this debate, and in every endeavor, I pledge to work closely with this Committee and the Congress – not just because it will be my responsibility, but because I will not be able to do this job effectively without your involvement and ideas going forward.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee. I know there's a lot of ground to cover and, as a veteran of this Committee, I know we do best when we are engaging in a dialogue. I look forward to doing that now.


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According to a study released Tuesday by Allstate Insurance Co., the Greater Toronto Area had the highest rate of car crashes per capita in Ontario in the past three years.**********
GTA communities Thornhill, Ajax, Maple, Brampton and Bolton, which made up the bottom five communities with the highest crash rates, had between 5.9 and 6.6 collision claims per 100 vehicles.
The GTA community of Brampton wasn't far behind, with a 35% increase in crash claims.
"When I have to pass by Toronto, I choose to be raped by the 407 pirates rather than play Russian roulette on the 401."*


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Today is April 27, 2009. It's almost May.
I took this photo at 6:45 AM this morning after finishing my early morning yoga class. This scene is about a block from the yoga studio and on a clear day, the Flatiron Mountains near Boulder are visible off in the distance. No such luck this morning as the low hanging clouds and snowfall obstructed the view. With no color variation from sky to ground, everything disappeared into a blanket of grey. It was beautiful, even though snow hasn't been on my wish-list lately.
In lieu of working on my garden preparation (which I've been anxious to do), I think I'll make a nice beef stew instead. Hopefully this is my last "hearty" meal of the season. After all, aren't we transitioning to spring greens and fresh asparagus (information and recipe on asparagus here)? If it's nice where you live and you're about to make yourself a grapefruit salad and some sun tea, you can save this one for next fall.
Hearty beef stew
what you need
• 1 pound natural 100% grass-fed beef, cut in 1-inch pieces
• 3 to 4 tablespoons coconut oil (or whatever oil you saute with)
• 3 cloves garlic, finely minced
• 4 medium sized carrots, chopped
• 4 stalks celery, chopped (including leaves)
• 1 small onion, diced
• 4 red potatoes
• 1 or 2 fresh tomatoes (or 1 can diced tomatoes)
• 1 32 ounce container "Imagine" GF organic beef broth or home-made broth
• 5 or 6 mushrooms, chopped
• 1 jalapeno pepper, seeded and finely chopped
• 1 can pinto beans
• herb choices: parsley, thyme, marjoram, bay leaf
what you do
1. Wash and boil red potatoes until almost done, drain and set aside (reserve one to thicken stew). You can also wash, chop and add them uncooked to the stew, but I like having a pre-cooked potato available to use as a thickener.
2. Heat oil in heavy skillet over medium/high heat. Add beef and sauté until brown on all sides. Salt and pepper to taste and put in crock pot or slow cooker. Add onions and garlic to skillet (and a touch more oil if needed), sauté and add to slow cooker.
3. Add beef broth to slow cooker.
4. Add garlic, onions, carrots, mushrooms, celery, potatoes, jalapeno, beans, tomatoes (reserve a small tomato or half the can to thicken stew).
5. Pour 1 or 2 cups of water into the skillet you used to sauté the meat, onion and garlic (the skillet is turned off but still on the burner). Whisk water and pan drippings to create a thin gravy-like mix.
6. Pour cooled pan drippings into a blender; add reserved cooked and chopped potato and the reserved chopped tomato or canned tomato. Process in blender until it's a thick, creamy consistency (this is such a good way to thicken soups and stews without using flour; use a blended potato mix instead).
7. Pour into crock pot, stir well and cook on low for several hours or all day, stirring occasionally. Taste periodically and add things (sea salt, ground pepper, herbs).
* This is usually better the next day after it has "settled" overnight in the refrigerator and the flavors have blended and infused.
nutrition profile
Research indicates that omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation. Organic, 100% grass-fed beef is higher in omega 3s than regular beef. Raw is normally better than canned, but canned tomatoes actually provide more absorbable lycopene than raw, so don't hesitate to use organic canned tomatoes in stews and soups. Canned beans retain their fiber and anti-cancer flavonoids. I did a complete nutritional breakdown of this stew and found it to be very high in vitamins A, C, K, and B-12. It's also high in iron, phosphorus, zinc and selenium. Normally, it makes for a nice transition into the heartier and more savory fall and winter foods, but even though it's almost May, I'm craving some today.
I think I'll build a fire while I cook.
Tags: beef stew


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Adrian Louis Brewer (1891–1956)
Adrian Louis Brewer, a native of Minnesota, is known in Arkansas primarily for his portraits of prominent citizens, but his artistic genius lay in pastoral landscape paintings of the Southwest and rural scenes of Arkansas, his adopted state. Brewer's work was influenced by the American Impressionists and reflected the restlessness of modern artists. David Durst, a professor of art at the University of Arkansas (UA) in Fayetteville (Washington County), credited him with contributing to the "healthy stature" of art and art activities in Arkansas and keeping "the spark of aesthetic sensibility alive during the difficult years of cultural neglect." Probably his most famous painting is the 1941 "Sentinel of Freedom," which has been reproduced millions of times and has received wide distribution in America and abroad.
Adrian Brewer, born on October 2, 1891, in St. Paul, Minnesota, was one of six sons of artist Nicholas Richard (N. R.) Brewer and Rose Koempel Brewer. He was named after the seventeenth-century Flemish artist Adriaen Brouwer. Brewer was greatly influenced by the life and art of his father, who was known in the art communities of New York, Minneapolis, Chicago, California, and the Southwest as a portrait painter. He had been represented in exhibitions of the National Academy of Design in New York since 1885.
The Brewer family moved back and forth between Minnesota and New York several times during Brewer's childhood. In 1909, he attended St. Thomas College, a preparatory school in St. Paul, now a university, but soon left because the strict Catholic curriculum did not afford him the luxury of reading and studying the books he wanted. He enrolled as an art student at the University of Minnesota (UM) in 1911.
While attending classes at UM, Brewer began art studies at the Art Institute of St. Paul under Delle E. Randall. He enrolled for a short time at the Art Students' League in New York City, where he was able to learn from well-known artists in their studios. He learned more about art from some of his father's associates than from his classes.
Though he did not earn a degree, he went back to St. Paul around 1915 and taught for two years at the art institutes in both St. Paul and Minneapolis. He then opened a commercial art studio in Minneapolis and did advertising work for a number of companies.
When the United States entered World War I in 1917, Brewer enlisted in the 444th Aero Construction Squadron. Because of his artistic talent, however, he was assigned to what one national periodical termed "the most unique advertising campaign in America," advertising for patriotism. His posters, cartoons, and paintings were distributed throughout the Pacific Coast states to enlist popular support for the war effort. His artwork for the 444th Aero Squadron publications and his portrait of Brigadier General Brice Disque led to his commission as a second lieutenant.
In 1917, he was also traveling with his father to various regions of the United States as his father's business manager and assistant while painting landscapes, which he was able to do during wartime as he had a desk job that allowed him to leave at different intervals. He won a bronze medal for his entry Mississippi in Winter in a 1917 competition at the St. Paul Institute of Art.
Brewer continued his studies with a number of prominent artists in Chicago. In 1920, Brewer, just discharged from the military, accompanied his father to Hot Springs (Garland County) to help him with commissioned portraits; the elder Brewer had, the previous year, come to Little Rock (Pulaski County) for an exhibition of his paintings sponsored by the Art Association of Little Rock. While helping his father in a portrait studio they set up in the Eastman Hotel, Brewer met Edwina Cook and spent the winter in Hot Springs courting her. He returned to Minneapolis to teach for a year as instructor of drawing and painting at the Minneapolis and St. Paul art institutes. He also became a faculty art critic for the Federal Schools Inc., writing critiques for The Federal Illustrator. He returned to Hot Springs in 1920 to marry Cook on February 15, 1921. They eventually had children.
Soon after his marriage, Brewer moved back to Minneapolis, where he took a job as sketch artist for the Thomas Cusack Company. He soon grew dissatisfied with advertising and became manager of his father's exhibitions in the South and Midwest during the next few years, while still painting landscapes. He traveled extensively through Texas, Arkansas, and New Mexico, perfecting his style and trying to support his family. Patrons in Texas and Arkansas who had been made wealthy by the oil boom provided him a living from portrait painting and also afforded him time to experiment with plein air painting—that is, painting outdoors.
After a trip to Austin, Texas, with his father in April 1928 to paint the fields of bluebonnets, Brewer received the Edgar B. Davis first prize of $2,500 for his painting In a Bluebonnet Year at an exhibition sponsored by the San Antonio Art League, which still has the bluebonnet painting in its collection. After exhibiting and selling bluebonnet paintings in Texas and New York, he decided to go in a different direction. He went to Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico, where he produced 126 western landscapes. Brewer's ability to take almost destitute settings and transform them into dreamlike, romantic places became his trademark.
During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Brewer also painted Arkansas landscapes, frequently choosing a high vantage point, such as Petit Jean Mountain (Conway County) or Mount Gaylor (Crawford and Washington counties), for panoramic vistas of lush river valleys or Ozark hills. Experience gained on his trips to Texas and New Mexico affected the Arkansas landscapes. The quasi-impressionist style remained, but in the Arkansas paintings, the light and colors changed less, and the natural detail is almost photographic; dabs of strong color indicate a more romantic approach to nature.
In 1933, Brewer established the Adrian Brewer School of Art in downtown Little Rock, with the help of Powell Scott, a painter and lithographer at the Chicago Art Institute who had met Brewer there in 1930. The school, located at 105 West 8th Street, enrolled about thirty students the first year. During lesson breaks, students were entertained by accomplished artists in other fields: John Gould Fletcher would recite poetry, or Josef Rosenberg would play the piano, or Max Mayer would lecture on architecture or play his violin. Though the school was academically successful, the economic conditions of the Depression caused it to close in 1933.
Though he had painted portraits before, in 1929, Brewer began portrait painting in earnest to support himself, painting over 300 Arkansans in his lifetime. In 1934, he painted the portrait of U.S. Senator Joseph T. Robinson that now hangs in the Arkansas State Capitol. Senator Robinson secured an invitation for Brewer to paint a portrait of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, but he surrendered his opportunity and gave the appointment to his seventy-seven-year-old father. Brewer later painted the portraits of many Arkansas notables, including politicians and university presidents.
In 1935–36, Brewer went to New York to produce portraits of society notables, including Mr. and Mrs. Allan Bond, who gave him an entire floor of the Bond Building to use as his studio for a year. In 1940, he painted a portrait of an Ozark man entitled Hillbilly; for this he received a medal and cash prize from International Business Machines (IBM). This portrait also won the John Flannagan Gold Medal from the Gallery of Science and Art at the San Francisco Golden Gate International Exposition that same year.
During World War II, Brewer's talent was again used in the war effort. In 1942, he produced a print used for the cover of an autographic roster and record. U.S. service personnel carried copies of this book as mementos of service. Brewer was also in charge of the art classes for servicemen at the United Service Organization (USO) in Little Rock. Gene Kelly, the dancer and actor, was among the members of his class. Brewer and Adele Guckert, who went on to form the Arkansas Arts Center (now the Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts), took the students on tours to paint watercolors of famous Arkansas homes and structures. His USO class was photographed by Life magazine while on one of the tours. Brewer supervised the soldiers in painting a giant mural at the USO club on Third and Main in Little Rock.
It was also during the war that Brewer embarked on a project to bring Arkansas art to the state's average citizens. He created a series of woodcuts of well-known Arkansas landmarks, produced as postcard-type prints with the help of his young twin sons, Adrian Jr. and Edwin. Brewer was determined to use only Arkansas-produced paper and frames made from local lumber. The prints were sold in retail stores and gift shops throughout the state.
After the war, Brewer moved his studio from downtown Little Rock to his home at 510 North Cedar Street. He and his sons built the studio, designed by architects Max Mayer and George Trapp, in the back of his home.
In 1953, Brewer and his son Edwin organized the Arkansas Art League, which, with the Arkansas Power and Light Company as sponsor, held the Arkansas Art League competition, Portrait of Power, in 1954. In 1955, Brewer was among just a handful of artists invited to represent Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma at the Contemporary Art Show of the Southwest, sponsored by Stephen F. Austin State College in Nacogdoches, Texas. For this exhibit, which was his last, he produced a somewhat abstract self-portrait, Mirrors.
Brewer died of lung cancer on June 23, 1956.
For additional information:
Fletcher, John L. "Adrian Brewer—The Portrait of an Artist." Arkansas Gazette, January 11, 1953.
Halinski, Jolynda Hammock. "Adrian Louis Brewer (1891–1956): Visions of an Arkansas Painter." MA thesis, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 1997.
"Portraitist Left Mark with Efforts." Arkansas Democrat, March 28, 1986.
Jolynda Hammock Halinski
Vicksburg, Mississippi
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Shop your favourite Italian Antipasti dishes. Over 200+ gourmet antipasti recipes to choose from and pair with boutique Wines from Italy, France & Spain. Welcome to Diforti the home of gourmet Italian food online We're a family business, founded on the Italian principles of flavourful cuisine and Mediterranean passion, and the only thing that excites us more than tasting exquisite Italian cuisine is sharing it with others. Through travel, talking and experimenting in our own kitchen, we discover truly unique foods to share with our customers. We don't just handpick our suppliers, we cook with them ourselves – ensuring all our products are imbued with the warmth, joy and passion of an authentic Italian kitchen.
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Suppliers of Indian and sub continent groceries and products.
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St Ives
Foodies, eat your hearts out. The Village is now home to a new fine-food purveyor – Deli Hub, an international gourmet deli.
Owner Victor Guliev has plenty of experience. "I've worked in the food industry for over 25 years," he says. "At Deli Hub we try to offer some unique gourmet food options for St Ives that weren't here before." This includes a range of high-quality meats, antipasti, delicious cheeses and more. There's also an international focus to the selection, with Victor having a Russian background.


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From London
Twitter via @michael_boylan
Through the Porthole Episode 2. Second Life Bikes from Michael Boylan on Vimeo.
Directed and Edited by Michael Boylan
Second Life Bikes(formerly known as The Bike Church) is a biking community center in Asbury Park where people connect to each other, build skills, join group bike rides, learn bike safety, and create bike art and custom designs that can support new social enterprises. Our mission is to get more people (especially youth) on bikes, more often, while encouraging people to repurpose old bikes and bike parts, rather than discard them.
Second Life Bikes | secondlifebikes.org
Asbury Anchor | asburyanchor.com
Anthony's Putsch: King of the world
via @dirtycyclist
From Tim, long time cyberamigo
i love seeing new videos by CDZA, first found them back in April this year. via the youtube monthly emails:
An awesome set of New Orleans beats by longtime reader, twitter pal y fellow super A's fan Andy K. Here we go:
Trombone shorty – SO GOOD!
Automatic mood enhancer:
"The Subdudes are an American roots rock group from New Orleans. Their music is a blending of American folk, swamp pop, New Orleans rhythm and blues, Louisiana blues, country, cajun, zydeco, funk, soul and gospel with harmonic vocals." [wiki]
and boogie woogie's finest Dr. John:
+a clip from "TREME by HBO" w/The Hot 8 Brass Band and a live performance [embedding disabled]
link → The Hot 8 Brass Band: "New Orleans After The City" | Treme Season 2
link → Hot 8 Brass Band - New Orleans (Live from Pickathon 2012)
thank you for reading,
Monday, August 5, 2013
mucha música Monday: social media playlist
3 comments:
Cool, 'Luscious Jackson ' !!!!! I had this album when it came out !ReplyDelete
Great party music ......... :)
Thanks Meli! You made my day, as I sit here at work, boppin' in my chair chowing on my leftovers! This must be heaven.ReplyDelete
Hello, Meli!ReplyDelete
Quite a long time without being hearing any piece of news from you, but I am quite happy to see and to follow your musical and bicycle adventures!
SIncerely yours,
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In explaining this game to people over Christmas, several people independently balked at the idea that the whole house must be upgraded at once.
Is there a strong reason to enforce this rule? After a few games, it seems like it'd be pretty harmless to allow renovation one room at a time. (New rooms would always be of the highest type, and cards requiring a clay or stone house would only function after complete conversion.) The scoring already supports this easily, and I think the major consequence would be increased availability of expansion-after-renovation. Because each upgrade costs a reed in addition to the materials for the rooms, and because actions are always the most precious resource, it'd still be much more efficient to upgrade all at once.
So, given that people felt strongly that a piecemeal construction should be allowed, how problematic of a house rule would this be?
As a bonus, what about allowing individual rooms to be constructed of any material at any time? (With this, unless all of your rooms are converted to clay, new clay rooms would also cost some amount of wood, and similarly going straight to stone would cost additional wood and clay.) This idea adds some complication for not much real gameplay gain, but for some reason people found the arbitrary rules of home construction more jarring to the immersive game story than, oh, say, the idea that only one person in a community can sow a field on the same day.


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iTunes 10: has Apple killed all its good UI designers?
Revamped UI is a botch job
Yup. Apple's decided it's been at least a few months since it screwed with the iTunes UI, and so it's made some changes with iTunes 10.
Some of them actually work. There's a decent 'hybrid' list view, and the main interface pane offers more clarity. However, two changes are mind-boggling:
1. iTunes previously coloured its sidebar items. This enabled you to - without thinking - associate certain items with certain colours; even if you didn't do this, each item was differentiated. Now, you have to think before you click, and the usability of this area of the app has been substantially reduced.
2. The close/minimise/zoom buttons are now aligned vertically in the full window mode. In the mini-player window, this was always the case, but in the full window mode, it's a baffling decision.
Even though Mac OS X's hardly a bastion of total consistency these days, these three important buttons usually stay put, and people's muscle memory enables quick access to them.
Now, iTunes 10 chucks Apple's Human Interface Guidelines (the ones Apple seemingly expects every developer but itself to follow) out the window, in order to save a little horizontal space. However, this again reduces usability - not only are these buttons now in the wrong place, they're also much smaller and harder to hit.
In the past, iTunes has foreshadowed subsequent updates to the look and feel of Mac OS X.
I seriously hope that isn't the case this time, because the iTunes 10 UI is a botch job - a collision of fairly good ideas (which are incremental updates) and the very worst in interface design.
To that end, I wonder where all Apple's best UI designers have gone. They're certainly not on the iTunes team.
UPDATE: In the comments on the original post, mr_phillip writes: "For what it's worth, defaults write com.apple.iTunes full-window -1 restores the default close/minimise buttons". So at least Terminal-savvy Mac users have an option to deal with the second of Apple's UI disasters.
This article was first posted at Revert To Saved.
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text:
Lucky learning to knit.
Kris wearing the shrug ("Shimmer" pattern) knitted by Abby.
Massive pile of tribbles!
Tashari wearing her dress, which later won several awards.
Alan facing off with Danger Lad!
Danger Lad! posing with Katrina.
Kris holding Danger Lad!
Stormtroopers checking out the lobby from the balcony.
Superman and Batwoman.
Kludge winding his insane film camera.
Val as WB Mason.
Abby placing Karen's parrot up for a view of the Masq.
Ninja Nerd.
Luna Lovegood in the Masquerade.
Batman Begins in the Masquerade.
Cassandra, the Last Human (from Dr Who).
Stuart wielding his sword in "The Art of Defense with the Longsword."
Fire and Ice Katwalk.
Musicians at the Masq Halftime Belly Dance. Unfortunately I could not photograph the drummers as I was at the far left and did not have a clear view of them.
Solo drum and dance.
Belly Dancing at the Masq halftime.
Belly Dancers at the Masquerade halftime show demonstrate the Pirates vs. Ninjas theme.
Steven and Stuart pinning on their Masquerade awards.
Fire and Ice Katwalk performers got two awards (one for each ear..).
Goblin Ball viewed from the tech corner.
David Silber dancing at the Goblin Ball.
Jeff all dressed up at the Goblin Ball.
At the Goblin Ball.
Persis at the Goblin Ball.
Terry at the Goblin Ball.
Neat reflections in the gel from an ellipsoidal instrument.
Laura at the Goblin Ball.
Seth taking a (unsuccessful) swing at the cooler.
Jim taking a swing at the cooler.
The "Leaks Bad" cooler.
Jim destroying the cooler.
Jim marking the cooler while Abby and Pup look on.
Now everyone knows about the new leak.


text:
Large leather organiser 2024. This is both elegant and indispensable.The interior consisting of 3 pockets for credit cards and weekly sheets in 6 languages. The organizer comes including 1 calendar week on 2 pages, telephone directory, a memo and a block note.The agenda runs from January to December. The organiser's refill is available on our website under the reference ROS1064.
Sheet Size: 22 x 17 cm
Number of rings: 6 round rings
Space between rings 15-15-65-15-15 mm
Diameter of the ring: 30 mm
Dimension closed: 18 x 24.5 cm
Size open: 24.5 x 40.5 cm


text:
Choose your path
CHICAGO (Nov. 20, 2012) – Residential properties with accessory dwelling units — such as in-law apartments or coach houses — may have higher value potential if the properties are valued for investment income using the income capitalization approach, according to an article published this week in The Appraisal Journal.
The Appraisal Journal is the quarterly technical and academic publication of the Appraisal Institute, the nation's largest professional association of real estate appraisers. The materials presented in the publication represent the opinions and views of the authors and not necessarily those of the Appraisal Institute.
"Understanding and Appraising Properties with Accessory Dwelling Units," by Martin John Brown and Taylor Watkins, examines how to value properties with permitted ADUs — a concept that has been widely misunderstood by real estate professionals despite being promoted by some cities. In the article, the authors acknowledge that, in addition to providing social and environmental benefits, ADUs have legitimate income potential, and, when income is the basis for valuation, perceptions of the value of these properties can vary.
In the study, the authors test an income-based approach to valuing properties with ADUs. For 14 properties with ADUs in Portland, Ore., an income capitalization approach produced valuations that were significantly higher than actual sale prices, by 7.2 percent or 9.8 percent on average, depending on the formula used. ADUs also contributed on average 25 percent or 34 percent of each property's appraised value, depending on the formula used.
The study shows that appraisers requiring an alternative or counterpoint to the sales comparison approach for properties featuring ADUs can gain insight through the income approach, which may help them develop more credible and consistent valuations for this emerging form of development.
However, the authors emphasize that when an institution such as Freddie Mac forbids the income approach as the primary method of valuation, the income method can still play a role in the reconciliation phase, lending weight to any final opinion of value developed via the sales comparison or cost approaches.
Read Understanding and Appraising Properties with Accessory Dwelling Units in the Fall 2012 issue of The Appraisal Journal.
Also in The Appraisal Journal's Fall 2012 issue:
"An Alternative Sales Analysis Approach for Vacant Land Valuation," by D. Richard Wincott, MAI, shows a new appraisal approach that adjusts comparable sales by mirroring the price-quality decisions of buyers.
"The Effects of Mineral Interests on Land Appraisals in Shale Gas Regions," by Joseph B. Lipscomb, Ph.D., MAI, and J.R. Kimball, MAI, discusses mineral interests and the issues that appraisers must consider in regions affected by shale gas formations, including the dominance of the mineral estate.
"Haunted Flats: Quantifying the Value of Stigmatization in an Apartment Market," by K.F. Man and Vincent Wong, looks at the ways superstition may affect how people conduct economic activities. The authors find that sale prices for residences where an unnatural death has occurred are 7.5 percent lower than other apartments' prices.
# # #
Subscribe to the Appraisal Institute's RSS feed to stay connected with the latest news from the Appraisal Institute, and follow us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube and our blog, Opinions of Value.
The Appraisal Institute is a global membership association of professional real estate appraisers, with nearly 23,000 members in nearly 60 countries throughout the world. Its mission is to advance professionalism and ethics, global standards, methodologies, and practices through the professional development of property economics worldwide. Organized in 1932, the Appraisal Institute advocates equal opportunity and nondiscrimination in the appraisal profession and conducts its activities in accordance with applicable federal, state and local laws. Members of the Appraisal Institute benefit from an array of professional education and advocacy programs, and may hold the prestigious MAI, SRPA and SRA designations. Learn more at www.appraisalinstitute.org.
Pop up content here.


text:
Oh, goody! Another Republican debate tonight! But they never ask the questions I want them to.
Let's ask the Republican candidates
As they gather tonight to debate
So together we'll find
What they've got on their mind
As they gear up for fights
When they turn on the lights
For the cameras, this evening at eight.
Let's ask the Republican candidates
And see how they answer today
If we're under attack
In Iran or Iraq
Or in China, we met
With a credible threat,
Please tell us—how loud would you pray?
Let's ask the Republican candidates
To see what their answers are worth:
When the scientists hold
It's 4 billion years old
But your church-going base
Makes a much younger case
Could you tell us—how old is the earth?
Let's ask the Republican candidates
Cos I'm sure that each one has a plan
With Americans viewed
As both stupid and rude
Please reflect on the ways
That our ignorance plays
In Ubeki-beki-beki-beki-stan-stan?
Let's ask the Republican candidates
As they each pick their path through the maze:
Take the case of Penn State
And their troubles of late
Or the pedophile search
Through the ranks of the church—
What's the best way to blame this on gays?
Let's ask the Republican candidates…


text:
This may come as a super big surprise to all the regular readers out there but I admittedly wasn't at my most open-minded in my expectations of the province's Drummond Report. Its arrival coincided with me reading the last few chapters of Andrew Ross Sorkin's Too Big To Fail. Oh good. A former bank economist tapped to tell us how to put our fiscal house back in order while we're still mired in the biggest economic slump since the Great Depression brought on by the egregious behaviour of our international banking system.
Step 1: tightly regulate your banks and never again believe that, left to its own devices, the free market is a self-correcting entity.
I'm sure that's somewhere in Mr. Drummond's 17 million page report.
What I don't understand is, if this province is in such a pickle (mmmmm…. gherkins) financially speaking, why did the government hem itself in, seeking solutions from only one narrow perspective? Why not throw the doors open to get a variety of opinions and views, not just the one fixated on the capital side of things?
On top of which, "Our mandate precludes us from recommending increases in tax rates…" Run that by me again, would you please, Mr. Drummond? Our mandate precludes us from recommending increases in tax rates…
So, the government wants to tackle their deficit/debt problem with one hand tied behind its back. Despite being told in the report that "The roots of Ontario's current fix lie in both the economy and in the province's record of failing to keep growth in government spending in line with revenue growth" [bolding ours], the province doesn't want to hear a word about one tool for growing revenue? That would be taxation.
Oh, I get it now.
Tap a guy who's sure to deliver the goods, in terms of some scary, pant load filling, Greece-we're-right-behind-you scenarios (slyly bringing up a spooky Grecian spectre while denying he's doing anything of the sort: "By current international standards, Ontario's debt is relatively small. We are a very long way from the dreadful fiscal condition of countries that have dominated the news over the past two years…Even Greece, the poster child for rampant debt, carried an Ontario-style debt load as recently as 1984"), Leopold to Dalton McGuinty's Superintendent Chalmers, remove one possible option from the recovery tool box, so that when you come in less heavy with your next budget, we all breathe a sigh of relief and collectively say, well, it could've been much worse.
Regardless to what extent the Liberal government attempts to implement Drummond's suggestions, it has already achieved its purpose. If this province is really serious about righting the fiscal ship, spending cuts are inevitable. Austerity, folks. It's all the rage. So much so that, apparently, there's absolutely no need to listen to other opinions on the subject.
Which is all a little strange because, early on in his report, Drummond summarizes how we got to this point in the game. "Ontario's revenues now do not cover its spending. In 2010–11, the latest full fiscal year, the government ran a deficit of $14.0 billion — equivalent to $1,059 for every Ontarian and 2.3 per cent of the province's gross domestic product (GDP), the largest deficit relative to GDP of any province. This is not because spending is particularly high; relative to GDP, Ontario's spending is one of the lowest among the provinces."
Ummm… ? What?
Our spending is already one of the lowest among the provinces relative to GDP and now we're being told that only by reducing spending even further will we be able to dig ourselves out of this hole we've created? Does that not seem, I don't know, a little counterintuitive? Despite the constant painting of the McGuinty government as a gang of reckless spenders, profligate in scandal, eHealth, ORNGE, etc., etc., we read that, in fact, Ontario's something of a skinflint compared to our provincial brethren.
Further on in the report, Drummond comes right out and tells us how we got to this point. "The reasons are simple. Beginning in 2003, the Canadian dollar began a strong ascent that lifted it from the persistent lows of the previous decade (around 70 US cents) to the recent highs (around parity with the U.S. dollar) during the past four years, with only a brief dip in late 2008 and early 2009. This surge in the currency made Ontario's exports more expensive for foreigners to buy and rendered the province's exporters less competitive, while also making imports cheaper."
Combined with the ongoing effects of free trade that allow companies to scurry off to lower wage jurisdictions, our higher dollar helped gut this province's manufacturing base, and those jobs left behind inevitably paid less. There was also that nasty global recession that lingers still like a cold that no amount of Echinacea can kill off. And let's not forget the purely ideological slashing of corporate tax rates that led to the logical conclusion of a company like Caterpillar closing up shop and taking its record profits to Indiana because its workers here refused to accept a cut of some 50% to their wages and benefits.
So yeah, there are plenty of reasons why Ontario faces a record deficit and debt. Government spending just doesn't seem to be high on that list. Why are we so intent on setting it up as the main culprit that needs to be brought to heel?
I'd be a little more down with the austerity agenda if there was a body of evidence to back up the notion that it's the way out of our current dire fiscal situation. But so far, I've come across precious little of that. Austerity has not yet proven a panacea for places like the U.K., Portugal or Greece. (h/t to The Inverse Square Blog for the info.) And while it may seem a little early in the process to pronounce failure, I think history remains on the countercyclical side, suggesting it's still too soon to cut-and-run from the idea of more stimulus, more deficits and debt until the economic outlook is a little less bleak.
This isn't to say we shouldn't be looking at efficiencies and alternative methods of delivering services that give a bigger bang for the taxpayers' buck. I just think we're given huge space to one point of view when clearly our economic problems are multifaceted. Cutting government spending is the easiest option on the table right now as long as it's made political palatable. That's the purpose the Drummond Report serves. We best ignore it, however, if we're searching for actual long term solutions.
— warily submitted by Cityslikr


text:
1956 Chevrolet Story
September 2, 2004 Maxbarn of Niagara Falls, Ontario picked up this booklet back when it was new. This publication covers the history of Chevy from 1911 to 1956 in great detail.
Some general information:
What is "the Old Car Manual
The idea is to scan manuals for old, vintage or antique American vehicles and their components and make them available on the web, for free.
Why are we doing this?
Why not? But really - one of the hardest parts of restoring or servicing old machines is getting decent technical information. Often, it's difficult, impossible or expensive to obtain. We think that this kind of information should be freely available, as a public resource for the preservation of our industrial history.
Who are we?
We are some Guys Who Like Old Iron. We can be contacted here.
Please consider
supporting the Old Car Manual Project by making a donation or contributing
Click here to find out more.
Click on the thumbnails below to view the
full-size images.
| Index | Links
| Album | Pictures
| Brochures | Clubs
| Support TOCMP| Contact


text:
01 Nov 2003 Medicare: It's About the Future, Stupid! by Edmund F. Haislmaier
Senate Democratic Leader Tom Daschle has identified with pinpoint accuracy the key stumbling block in the pending Medicare legislation. He repeated that Democrats want to add prescription drug coverage to Medicare, but added: "if we're going to change the character of Medicare itself, that's too high a price to pay."
If you're under age 65, the appropriate rejoinder to the Senate Minority Leader is the exact opposite. To wit: "No, Senator. If you're not going to change the character of Medicare itself, then that is too high a price to pay for adding a Medicare drug benefit."
These opposing statements encapsulate what is actually the most important issue in this year Medicare debate. While politicians from both parties are focused on winning senior votes in the next election with a Medicare drug benefit, the far more important issue is the kind of health care the rest of us will get when we retire.
Unfortunately, the final bill that Congress could vote on by the end of this week has lots of spending on drugs for today's seniors, but no meaningful Medicare reform for tomorrow's retirees. But if the rest of us are going to have a secure retirement, we need to focus on this issue, but quick, and make sure that our Congressmen and Senators know that we are paying attention.
The reason is that the basic structure of Medicare will likely have a greater impact on your retirement than the solvency of Social Security or the type of investments in your IRA or 401(k).
There are three things you need to understand about the current Medicare system and why it desperately needs to be changed.
First, contrary to popular perception, Medicare isn't an entitlement to health care for the elderly. Nothing in Medicare says that a beneficiary has a right to be seen by a doctor, or a right to receive an operation, drug or medical device. All Medicare does is entitle doctors and hospitals to get paid, at a rate that Medicare sets, if they provide services that Medicare deems "appropriate" to people covered by Medicare. In other words, Medicare is really an entitlement for the health care industry, albeit one with low prices, lots of rules, caveats and strings attached and literally over 100,000 pages of regulations. There is no guarantee any beneficiary will actually get a specific medical treatment under Medicare.
Second, Medicare already provides substandard care to the elderly, and the cost pressures that will result when the baby boomers retire and the size of the program almost doubles from 40 million to 70 million beneficiaries, virtually guarantee that the program's standard of care will get worse — much worse — if nothing is done now to change its basic character. Medicare offers an outdated structure of benefits, cost sharing, and limitations and it delivers care in an episodic, fragmented, acute-care fashion rather than in an integrated, chronic-care model. While many assume that the elderly must be getting good care since Medicare is a fee-for-service system with generous funding, the evidence indicates Medicare is looking more and more like an urban public school system — ever more tax dollars go into the program, but the results keep declining.
Third, access to health services for the elderly under Medicare is decreasing and actually getting care will become harder and harder for future retirees. According to physician surveys conducted for the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, by 1999, 24 percent of doctors were refusing to take some, or even all, new Medicare patients, and in just the past three years that figure has increase to 30 percent. Another measure: it already takes Medicare up to four or five years to approve new treatments. In the meantime, beneficiaries have to either do without or pay out of their own pockets.
And just because Medicare covers something, it doesn't follow that a Medicare beneficiary can get it. Take, for example, Vice President Cheney's widely reported Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD). Under current Medicare rules, an ICD is deemed "medically necessary" for only about 55,000 Medicare beneficiaries. But cardiologists believe a more realistic estimate of the number of beneficiaries for whom an IDC is "medically necessary" is about 270,000. Now, even if we assume that the cardiologists are over-estimating, that still leaves a discrepancy of about 200,000 patients. And remember, this is a serious question of who needs a new device to keep them from suddenly dropping dead!
The only way to keep the rest of us from enduring a retirement characterized by waiting in pain for government rationed medical care is to transform Medicare from a bureaucratically administered entitlement for doctors and hospitals into a system driven by the needs and preferences of patients. The answer is to let the rest of us, when we retire, opt to take the value of our Medicare benefits as a subsidy to buy the kind of health care coverage we want — which might even include keeping the health insurance we have now.
Senator Daschle says that such reforms would "destroy Medicare." Once again, the response is, "No. Senator. Such reforms are the only way the rest of us can be sure we'll be able count on Medicare when we need it."
Edmund F. Haislmaier serves on the board of directors of the National Center for Public Policy Research and frequently testifies before Congress on health policy issues.


text:
This crisis has "turned back the clock on years of progress" made on children's health and wellbeing, says Dutch charity KidsRights.
It's only been three months since I wrote about The Lancet, World Health Organization, and UNICEF's joint report on global child wellbeing. At the time there were two main threats to children – climate change and predatory commercial exploitation – but now, sadly, a third threat could likely be added to that list, the coronavirus pandemic.
The WHO is now saying that, should a second wave of the virus occur, it would spell disaster for millions of children worldwide. This sentiment is shared by the creators of KidsRights, a Dutch-based annual survey on children's global wellbeing. Founder Marc Dullaert told The Guardian, "This crisis turns back the clock on years of progress made on the wellbeing of children. Therefore, a strong focus for children's rights is needed more than ever."
Ongoing school closures, which have affected an estimated 1.5 billion children worldwide, will make them even more vulnerable to forced labor, underage marriage, and teenage pregnancy than they already are, and worsen the deep poverty in which many already live, due to governments' dwindling funds. KidsRights says that the UN estimates "an extra 42 to 66 million children could fall into extreme poverty as a result of the crisis this year."
This means worsening health and starvation. Children everywhere, including the United States, are missing out on meals provided by schools. As I wrote back in March, "Two-thirds of the 31 million American kids who regularly eat school lunches depend heavily on those meals to nourish their bodies."
In many places, the usual vaccination programs for childhood diseases such as polio and measles have been suspended in an effort to get all hands on deck for the coronavirus response, but the KidsRights survey says this will result in a spike in infant mortality, as many are left susceptible to other illnesses. "So far, the suspension of measles immunization campaigns in at least 23 countries affects more than 78 million children up to the age of 9."
While not mentioned in the KidsRights survey, I immediately thought of the effects of the pandemic on North American and European kids, who may not face the same extreme poverty of many developing nations, but are struggling with other kinds of discrimination and erosion of rights. I hear from my own friend circle (and read online) that they're spending endless hours on handheld devices at home, while understandably stressed parents try to do their jobs from home. It's OK to be somewhat more lax during a crisis, but so much excess screen time will still come at a real mental and emotional cost.
Then there's the lack of outdoor time and exercise. Under severe lockdown rules in places like Spain and France, children were not allowed out of the house for more than an hour a day, and not supposed to go farther than one kilometer from home. It makes sense to slow the spread of COVID-19, but other closures make less sense to me. In my town, dog parks have reopened, but playgrounds, playing fields, and beaches remain closed, despite the excruciating heat. (One exception is trails, which are open, and ironically put people into much closer contact with each other than a beach would.) Dogs are being given a place to run freely, beyond their usual walks, while children are still expected to cope with the heat and boredom in their own backyards or balconies. It seems unfair, especially if mandating personal protection equipment and adult supervision could allow for greater movement of children – and improved mental wellbeing.
This is, to me, yet another example of the discrimination that so many children face on a regular basis, even when the world is normal. KidsRights gives other examples, such as Australia dropping asylum seekers' claims when children are involved; the ongoing stigmatization of Roma children in the UK; and ongoing smear campaigns against searching for and rescuing migrant children in the Mediterranean region. And, of course, there's the ever-present discrimination against girls: "In 91 of the 182 countries surveyed, girls are discriminated against and do not enjoy the same rights as boys."
In some cases children are doing well during the lockdown, enjoying less busy schedules, more downtime for play and creativity, and face-to-face time with parents. But this report reveals that these are the lucky exceptions, that most children worldwide are facing extreme difficulty right now and need our support more than ever. In Dullaert's words, "Giving children the cold shoulder can be disastrous in the short [term], but more so in the long term, for both the current and the future generation." We cannot forget the kids in all of this mess.
This crisis has "turned back the clock on years of progress" made on children's health and wellbeing, says Dutch charity KidsRights.


text:
INTERNET 2021 conference tracks:
Hot topics in Internet
From Internet of Thinks (IoT) to Internet of People (IoP) and Internet of Everything (IoE); Improving reliability; Congestion-adaptive data collection; Accuracy in cyber-physical systems; Internet and home environments; Fog computing in industrial IoT-context; Mobile Edge Computing (MEC); Cloud-based: networking (NaaS), multimedia (MaaS), videogames (VaaS); LTE broadcasting; Identity-oriented networks; Selectivity-aware MU-MIMO for wideband WiFi; mmWave networks and technologies; Deadline-sensitive opportunistic utility-based protocols; Social sensing applications; Opportunistic smartphone sensing; Delay-tolerant IoT; IoP and Smart cities; Multi-vendor NVF (Network Virtual Functionalities) orchestration; SDN (Software Defined Network)--based resilience; Policy-based NFV management; Performance of SDN controllers; Performance optimization for NFV; SDN Access control; 5G Edge caching techniques; Performance in 5G networks; Security and privacy in data-centers; Identity and privacy management; QoS (Quality of Service) and QoE (Quality of Experience); Standardization efforts (MEC, mmWave, SDN, NFV, 5G, etc.)
New Internet Challenges
SDN, SDX, NFV; 4G/5G and advanced mobile Internet; Internet of X (everything, things, people, etc.); Internet, Virtualization and Cloud; Internet and Big Data; Sensing and sensor networks; Energy-aware networks; Content-oriented networking; Cellular cognitive networks; Future routing mechanisms
Future Internet Architecture
Architectures for the Internet of Things; Web of Things; Web of Things and Semantic; Internet of Things and Clouds internetworking; Network media, content and service orientation; Embedded Web Services (CoAP / Lightweight SOAP); Mobility and Future Internet; Pervasive Internet of Things; User-oriented, context-aware Internet of Things services; Location and discovery of things on the Internet; Crowd-sourcing and things; Trust, security and privacy in Internet of Things; Lightweight implementations of cryptographic stacks; Experiences with Open Platforms and hardware within Internet of Things; Internet of Vehicle (IOV)
Advanced Internet mechanisms
Access: call admission control vs. QoE vs. structural QoS / capability-based access control vs. role-based access control vs. attribute-based access control; Routing and pricing models: BGP, pricing peering agreements using microeconomics, topological routing vs. table-based routing vs. network coding, power-efficient routing; Optimization in P2P/CDN networks: peer placement for streaming P2P, analysis of P2P networks; Traffic engineering: estimating traffic matrices, constrained routing, exponentially bounded burstness; Behavioral traffic recognition: identifying applications from traffic behavior; Traffic analysis: methods for analysis and visualization of multidimensional measurements, characterizing protocols; Software defined radio networks: low power signal processing methods, applications of machine learning; Cognitive radio: medium access, spatiotemporality, complexity, spectrum sharing and leasing, channel selection, multi-stage pricing, cyclostationary signatures, frame synchronization; Streaming video: learning from video, techniques for in-network modulation, adaptive video streaming; Location: statistical location, partial measurements, delay estimation
Graph theory/topology/routing Internet support
Information theory: distributed network coding, Shannon's entropy, Nash equilibrium; Optimization: LP, NLP, NeuroP, quadratic, convex programming, compressed sensing; Graph theory: random graphs, spectra graph theory, percolations and phase transitions, methods from statistical physics, geometric random graphs; Algebraic techniques: tensor analysis, matrix decomposition; Processing: signal processing techniques, equalization, point-process, source coding vs. network coding, recoverability; Statistical machine learning: probabilistic graphical models, classification, clustering, regression, classification, neural networks, support vector machines, decision forests; Game Theory/Microeconomic theory: social choice theory, equilibria, arbitrage and incentive oriented distributed mechanism design, cooperative games, and games on graphs; Stochastic network calculus; Fractal behavior and stability mechanisms; Kolmogorov complexity for performance evaluation; Complexity theory
Internet security mechanisms
Cryptography: design and analysis of cryptographic algorithms, applied cryptography, cryptographic protocols and functions; Specification, validation design of security and dependability: security and trust models, semantics and computational models for security and trust, business models in security management, security policies models, security architectures, formal methods for verification and certification, multi-level security specification; Vulnerabilities, attacks and risks: methods of detection, analysis, prevention, intrusion detection, tolerance, response and prevention, attacks and prevention of on-line fraud, denial of services attacks and prevention methods; Access Control: authentication and non-repudiation, accounting and audit, anonymity and pseudonymity; identity and trust management, biometric methods; Anti-malware techniques: detection, analysis, prevention; Cyber-crime response: anti-phishing, anti-spam, anti-fraud methods
Internet trust, security, and dependability levels
Network and transport level security; Network edge security controls: firewalls, packet filters, application gateways; Wireless and mobile network security: risks of wireless insecurity, wireless vulnerabilities and intrusion detection, WLAN and WMAN MAC layer security technologies, key management mechanisms and protocols, security in ad hoc, sensor, mesh and personal communication networks; Security of Internet protocols: routing security, naming, network management, signaling security, transport layer security; Network security policies: specification, implementation, deployment and management; Security of P2P and overlay/middleware systems; Security for multiple domains, large-scale systems and critical infrastructures; Applications and high level services security: Web-based applications and services, VoIP, multimedia streaming services, VoD and IPTV, collaborative applications (conferencing), electronic commerce and eBusiness, eVoting, grid computing, security of eGovernment; Intellectual property protection: digital rights management, licensing, metering, watermarking, information hiding, implementations; Security services integration in complex architectures; Tradeoffs between security and efficiency, usability, reliability and cost.
Internet performance
Performance degradation and anomaly detection mechanisms; User-oriented performance metrics; Network and service provider-oriented performance metrics; Hybrid (chip and network) performance calculi; Intrusive and non-intrusive performance measurement mechanisms; Mechanisms for performance degradation-tolerant applications; Mechanisms for application performance and network performance; Performance enhancement mechanisms; Performance and traffic entropy algorithms; Performance prediction algorithms
Internet AQM/QoS
Buffer sizing, majorization, QoS routing, finite buffer queue vs. infinite buffer queue and performance; Control theoretic framework for modeling of TCP and AQM schemes; Discrete mathematics to model buffer occupancy at queues of a network (given workloads); Game theoretic modeling of AQMs (mathematics to model selfish traffic); Fairness models (proportional fairness, max-min fairness, low state global fairness); Optimization framework for congestion control, fairness and utility maximization; Modeling and simulation of large network scenarios using queuing theory
Internet monitoring and control
Visualization mechanisms; Sub-network/device isolation mechanisms; Control feedback mechanisms (limited feedback, delay and disruption tolerance, optimal and adaptive feedback); Optimal control; Adaptive behavior control; Network resiliency; Self-adaptable and tunable performance; Mechanisms for anticipative measurements and control
Internet and wireless
Capacity of wireless networks; Potential based routing; Algebraic techniques to mine patterns from wireless networks; QoS/QoE translation; Wireless ad hoc / mesh networks: MAC protocols, routing, congestion control, P2P CDNs on wireless meshes
Internet and data streaming/mining algorithms
Mathematics for clustering massive data streams; Randomized algorithms etc and impossibility results; Dimension reduction in metric spaces; Tensor and multidimensional algebraic techniques; Non linear dimension reduction; Optimal collector positioning; Data fusion and correlation algorithms
Internet and sensor-oriented networks/algorithms
Optimal sensor placement; Inference models for sensing; Congestion control; Resource allocation; Mathematics to model different diffusion processes and applications to routing; Algorithms for data fusion; Algorithms for computing dormant/active sending periods; Energy-driven adaptive communication protocols
Internet challenges
Future Internet architecture and design; Next generation Internet infrastructure; Internet cross-layer design and optimization; Internet security enforcement and validation; Future cross-Internet computing; Configurable Internet protocols; Internet-scale overlay content hosting; Internet citizen-centric services; End-user customizable Internet; Mobile Internet; Internet imaging; Internet coding; Internet resilience; Internet QoS/QoE; Context-aware, ambient, and adaptive Internet; Virtualization and Internet; Privacy Enhancing Technologies - PETs
Access networks
Next generation access technologies; Femtocells-based access; Broadband wireless Internet access; Optical access networks; Mobile wireless access; Dynamic and cognitive access; Hybrid optical and wireless access networks; Copper Access; Giga/Tera Access; Access Control; Neutral Access Networks; Legal aspects on network and service access
INTERNET 2021 : The Thirteenth International Conference on Evolving Internet will take place in Nice, France. It's a 5 days event starting on Jul 18, 2021 (Sunday) and will be winded up on Jul 22, 2021 (Thursday).
INTERNET 2021 falls under the following areas: INTERNET, GRAPH THEORY, SECURITY, etc. Submissions for this Conference can be made by Apr 19, 2021. Authors can expect the result of submission by May 28, 2021. Upon acceptance, authors should submit the final version of the manuscript on or before Jun 16, 2021 to the official website of the Conference.
Please check the official event website for possible changes before you make any travelling arrangements. Generally, events are strict with their deadlines. It is advisable to check the official website for all the deadlines.
Other Details of the INTERNET 2021
Credits and Sources
|[1] INTERNET 2021 : The Thirteenth International Conference on Evolving Internet


text:
US Capitol Evacuated!
Oh boy, a Capitol Police alert! Everyone evacuate the US Capitol Visitors Center ASAP and then Twitter about it!
So the zillion-dollar new CVC is being evacuated right now. We have no clue why, yet.
From: US Capitol Police
Sent: Wednesday, April 08, 2009 11:25 AM
To: All House Staff
Subject: Evacuation of the Capitol Visitors Center (CVC).
Importance: High
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1. An evacuation has been ordered for the Capitol Visitors Center (CVC).
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3. If nearby, grab Go-Kits and personal belongings on the way out.
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Bomb? Shooter? Or... god, it better not be more fucking tea. Did you know losers across the nation are mailing teabags to congressman to protest, uh, everything? Maybe someone sent in looseleaf ANTHRAX.
We'll update as we learn more.
Update: It was a fire alarm! Everyone calm down, the New American Ron Paul rEVOLution is not yet at hand.


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Minnesota Vikings Kicker Blair Walsh Wins NFC Special Teams Player of the Week Honors for the Third Time
Minnesota Vikings rookie kicker Blair Walsh was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week after kicking his team into the playoffs on a last second game-winning field goal.
Beside the 29-yard game-winning field goal as time expired in the game against the Green Bay Packers, Walsh hit field goals from 54 yards and 37 yards. His game-winner is the second of the season, with the other coming in Week 1 against the Jacksonville Jaguars at the Metrodome.
Walsh is the first rookie since Devin Hester in 2006 to win the NFC Special Teams Player of the Week award three times in one season. His other award-winning performances came in in Week 1 against the Jaguars and Week 15 agains the St. Louis Rams.
Over the course of his rookie season, Walsh was 10 for 10 on 50+ yard field goals - which is an NFL record. He led the NFL in field goals with 35 and was 4th in scoring with 141 points. One other record of note, his 92.1 field goal percentage is the best performance in NFL history for a rookie kicker.


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Love is in the air!
For those of you stopping by here today I am sharing a couple of my recent Bo Bunny projects! This card and the treat box below are for my husband for Valentine's Day! Hopefully he won't check out my blog until after he gets them! I used the Crazy Love collection. I really love the pink and chocolate brown color combo!
For this treat box I covered a box of chocolates that my MIL sent us for Christmas and I filled it with dark chocolate Ferrero Rocher! Yum-mee!!! I used the Cindy Loo Cricut Cartridge to create the swirls and the Mother's Day Bouquet Cartridge for the flowers. These have definitely become 2 of my go to cartridges for crafting these days!
To create the flowers I cut out multiple flower shapes in gradually decreasing sizes. (The largest flower is 3 inches) I then lightly misted each flower with water and crumpled it. I then used my heat gun to dry them and help them keep there newly found shape. I then layered them and added the brad and glitter to create the centers.
Ahhhh...a up close peak of the yumminess!!!Here's hoping you have a wonderful weekend and a very Happy Valentines Day! Thanks for stopping by!
8 comments
Love, Love, love these Juliana. That gives me an idea for a box I fell in love with and had to have!! lol !! Will send pictures when I get that project done !! Thank you for your inspiration !! Hugs.. KristyReplyDelete
Beautiful projects!!! I love love love the flowers on the box of chocolates. So much dimension and that cute little bird popping up. Love it!ReplyDelete
What a stunning card and box! Just beautiful!ReplyDelete
I saw that box over on the Bo Bunny blog and IMMEDIATELY knew you had made it! It's stunning! HUGS!ReplyDelete
What are the birds from love the projectsReplyDelete
Thank You so very much for your lovely comment on my blog! I appreciate you taking the time to write something positive and encouraging! Lovely cards and projects here too! Love them! Take care, Nadia!ReplyDelete
Hi Juliana, I love your card and box, adorable!! I left an award for you on my blog, www.cindyscroppingcorner.blogspot.comReplyDelete
Beautiful candy box -- love those flowers!!! Beautiful projects!ReplyDelete
Every time you smile at someone, it is an action of love, a gift to that person, a beautiful thing. ~Mother Teresa


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Learn About the Law
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Mr. David Goldsmith for plaintiffs in error.
No counsel for defendants in error.
Statement by Mr. Justice Brown: [187 U.S. 41, 42] This was a writ of error to a judgment of the circuit court of appeals for the eighth circuit affirming a judgment of the court of appeals of the Indian territory, which latter court affirmed the judgment of the United States court for the northern district of such territory, sustaining an interplea by one King to recover the value of certain property attached and sold by Robinson & Co., which had been conveyed to King as assignee by a deed of assignment made by his codefendant Belt.
The facts of the case are substantially as follows: One John C. Belt, a resident of Arkansas, who was engaged in business in the Indian territory, on December 29, 1891, made an assignment for the benefit of his creditors to King, as assignee.
On the following day 'J. M. Robinson & Co.,' plaintiffs in error, brought suit against Belt in the United States court in that territory, sued out an attachment, and levied upon the property assigned. Belt failed to plead, and judgment by default was taken against him, and the attachment sustained.
On May 31, 1892, defendant in error King filed an interplea, [187 U.S. 41, 43] setting out his deed of assignment, and claiming the property as his by virtue of such deed. After so doing he entered into a stipulation with other attaching creditors, of whom there were a large number, whereby it was agreed that this interplea should be considered as filed in every suit, and, virtually, that the result of the interpleader proceedings in the suit of J. M. Robinson & Co. should control all other suits. The property was, after its attachment, sold under order of court, pursuant to statutes governing such proceedings, and at such sale realized the sum of $7,900.
A demurrer to the interplea was filed and sustained by the court, from which order King sued out a writ of error from the United States court of appeals. He gave no supersedeas bond, however, and the fund was, by order of the court, distributed pro rata to the attaching creditors according to their priorities. The court of appeals reversed the judgment on the demurrer, and on September 19, 1895, Robinson & Co. filed their answer to the interplea, denying that King was owner by virtue of the deed of assignment, and alleged the same to be fraudulent and void; denied that King filed a complete inventory; denied that certain personal property described in the deed of assignment was the property of the wife of Belt, and admitted that the property described in the deed was seized under the attachment.
The trial on the interplea was had before a jury, and resulted in a verdict in favor of the interpleader, which found the attached property to be the property of King, as assignee. A judgment was thereupon entered in his favor, which was subsequently affirmed, first, by the court of appeals for the Indian territory, and then by the circuit court of appeals for the eighth circuit. Whereupon a writ of error was sued out by Robinson & Co. from this court.
Mr. Justice Brown delivered the opinion of the court: [187 U.S. 41, 44] This is a contest between certain attaching creditors of John C. Belt, and one King, his voluntary assignee for the benefit of creditors.
The record is in an unsatisfactory condition. It is impossible to tell whether the plaintiffs are a corporation or a partnership; and, if the latter, who constitute the firm, or against what individuals the judgment of the court was rendered. Although the only right of the plaintiffs to contest the assignment of Belt to King arises from the levy of an attachment upon the assigned property, neither the writ of attachment nor the return of the marshal of the levy thereunder appears in the record or testimony. Nor does the record contain a copy of the complaint, in which these proceedings were probably averred. The only pleadings before us are the interplea of King, filed in the action (which appears to have been brought against Belt alone), setting up the assignment, and the answer of the plaintiffs thereto, denying the ownership of King and averring the fraudulent character of the assignment. But as the interplea of King alleges that on December 31, 1891, and just after he had completed an inventory of the property so assigned, plaintiffs caused a writ of attachment to be levied upon a portion of the property, we may treat this as a sufficient admission of plaintiffs' title to justify us in passing upon the question of the validity of the assignment, upon which the case largely depends.
1. This assignment is attacked by the plaintiffs chiefly upon the ground that it contains a provision that the preferred creditors shall accept their dividends 'in full satisfaction and discharge of their respective claims, . . . and execute and deliver to said John C. Belt a legal release therefor.' This provision has been the subject of discussion in England and in most of the states, and in a large number of cases has been held to avoid the assignment, upon the ground that the debtor has no right to compel his creditors to accept his terms or lose their preference. In England a clause of a somewhat similar nature was held to be void under the statute of Elizabeth as an attempt to hinder, delay, or defeat creditors (Spencer v. Slater, L. R. 4 Q. B. Div. 13), though the applicability of that case to this particular provision admits of some doubt. [187 U.S. 41, 45] The fact that it enables the debtor to extort a settlement by playing upon the fears or apprehensions of his creditors is thought by the courts of many of the states to be sufficient to justify them in setting aside the assignment; and, where such provision has been sustained, it has usually been in deference to authority, rather than upon conviction of its propriety or wisdom. The question was discussed at considerable length by Mr. Justice Story in Halsey v. Fairbanks, 4 Mason, 206, 227, Fed. Cas. No. 5,964, and the validity of the clause sustained, largely in deference to the case of King v. Watson, 3 Price, 6, where, as he states, the very exception was taken by counsel, and the assignment held good by the court of exchequer. King v. Watson, however, has but a remote bearing, and seems to have been pro tanto overruled by the case of Spencer v. Slater, above cited. Mr. Justice Story finally remarks that if the question were entirely new, and many estates had not passed upon the faith of such assignments, the strong inclination of his mind would be against their validity. 'As it is,' said he, 'I yield with reluctance to what seems the tone of authority in favor of them.' Somewhat similar doubt is expressed by Mr. Chief Justice Taney in White v. Winn, a memorandum of which is found in 8 Gill, 499. The question was also incidentally considered by this court in Security Trust Co. v. Dodd, 173 U.S. 624, 633 , 43 S. L. ed. 835, 839, 19 Sup. Ct. Rep. 545, but the case went off upon another point.
This court has never directly passed upon the validity of this provision, but, wherever it has been called in question, it has been treated as determinable by the local law of the state from which the question arose. Thus, in Brashear v. West, 7 Pet. 608, 8 L. ed. 801, the clause was upheld solely upon the ground that the courts of Pennsylvania had sustained its validity. The assignment in that case was in trust to pay and discharge the debts due from the assignor, first, to certain preferred creditors, and afterwards to creditors generally, provided that no creditor should be entitled to receive a dividend, who should not, within ninety days, execute a full and complete release of all claims and demands upon the assignor. Mr. Chief Justice Marshall, after summarizing the arguments for and against the validity of this provision, did not commit the court to the expression of [187 U.S. 41, 46] an opinion, but held that 'the construction which the courts of that state [ Pennsylvania] have put on the Pennsylvania statute of frauds must be received in the courts of the United States,' and decided the case upon the authority of Lippincott v. Barker, 2 Binn. 174, 4 Am. Dec. 433, in which this question arose, and was decided, after an elaborate argument, in favor of the deed. He also remarked that the question had been decided the same way in Pearpoint v. Graham, 4 Wash. C. C. 232, Fed. Cas. No. 10, 877. In that case Mr. Justice Washington thought that an assignment in trust for the benefit of such creditors as should release their debts was founded upon a good and valuable consideration, and was valid, the only inquiry being whether it was bona fide. The assignment was supported in favor of such of the creditors as executed a release of their demands within sixty days after the date of the instrument, that being the time limit provided for such acceptance. Neither in Lippincott v. Barker nor in Pearpoint v. Graham were there any preferred creditors, but the assignments were in trust for all the creditors who should, within sixty days in one case, and four months in the other, execute a release of their demands. In several subsequent cases the rule laid down in Brashear v. West has been adopted, and the principle fully established that the construction and effect of a state statute regulating assignments for the benefit of creditors is one upon which the decisions of the highest courts of the state are a controlling authority in the Federal courts. They are treated as establishing a rule of property applicable within their several jurisdictions. Sumner v. Hicks, 2 Black, 532, 17 L. ed. 355; Jaffray v. McGehee, 107 U.S. 361 , 27 L. ed. 495, 2 Sup. Ct. Rep. 367; Peters v. Bain, 133 U.S. 670, 686 , 33 S. L. ed. 696, 702, 10 Sup. Ct. Rep. 354; Randolph v. Quidnick Co. 135 U.S. 457 , Sub nom. Jencks v. Quidnick Co. 34 L. ed. 200, 10 Sup. Ct. Rep. 655; Union Nat. Bank v. Bank of Kansas City, 136 U.S. 223, 235 , 34 S. L. ed. 341, 345, 10 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1013; South Branch Lumber Co. v. Ott, 142 U.S. 622, 627 , 35 S. L. ed. 1136, 1138, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 318.
The same rule has been held to be applicable to decisions of state courts construing the statute of frauds. Allen v. Massey, 17 Wall. 351, 21 L. ed. 542; Lloyd v. Fulton, 91 U.S. 479, 485 , 23 S. L. ed. 363, 365.
Whatever might be our own views with regard to the validity of a release by creditors as a condition of preference under an assignment, the question is one which, upon the authorities [187 U.S. 41, 47] above cited, must be held to be determinable by the state law as interpreted by the supreme court of such state.
While the case under consideration arose in the Indian territory, the law applicable thereto is determined by the laws of Arkansas, which were adopted and extended over the Indian territory by the act of Congress approved May 2, 1890 (26 Stat. at L. 94, 31), which declares that certain general laws of Arkansas, 'which are not locally inapplicable, or in conflict with this act, or with any law of Congress relating to the subjects specially mentioned in this section, are hereby extended over and put in force in the Indian territory,' among which laws are enumerated assignments for the benefit of creditors and the statute of frauds. In adopting this law with respect to assignments, the courts of the Indian territory are also bound to respect the decisions of the supreme court of Arkansas interpreting that law.
In more than one case we have had occasion to hold that, if a foreign statute be adopted in this country, the decisions of foreign courts in the construction of such statute should be considered as incorporated into it. Thus, in Pennock v. Dialogue, 2 Pet. 1, 7 L. ed. 327, it was said by Mr. Justice Story (p. 18, L. ed. p. 333): 'It is doubtless true, as has been suggested at the bar, that where English statutes, such, for instance, as the statute of frauds and the statute of limitations, have been adopted into our own legislation, the known and settled construction of those statutes by courts of law has been considered as silently incorporated into the acts, or has been received with all the weight of authority.' In speaking of our patent act, which was largely taken from the English statute of monopolies, he says (p. 20, L. ed. p. 334): 'The words of our statute are not identical with those of the statute of James, but it can scarcely admit of doubt that they must have been within the contemplation of those by whom it was framed, as well as the construction which had been put upon them by Lord Coke.' In Cathcart v. Robinson, 5 Pet. 264, 8 L. ed. 120, Mr. Chief Justice Marshall said (p. 280, L. ed. p. 126): 'By adopting them [British statutes], they become our own as entirely as if they had been enacted by the legislature of the state. The received construction in England at the time they are admitted to operate in [187 U.S. 41, 48] this country, indeed to the time of our separation from the British Empire, may very properly be considered as accompanying the statutes themselves, and forming an integral part of them. But however we may respect subsequent decisions,-and certainly they are entitled to great respect,-we do not admit their absolute authority.' See also Kirkpatrick v. Gibson, 2 Brock. 388, Fed. Cas. No. 7,848. The same rule has been applied in the state courts in the construction of statutes adopted from other states. Com. v. Hartnett, 3 Gray, 450; Tyler v. Tyler, 19 Ill. 151; Bloodgood v. Grasey, 31 Ala. 575; Marqueze v. Caldwell, 48 Miss. 23; State v. Robey, 8 Nev. 312; The Devonshire, 8 Sawy. 209, 13 Fed. 39.
As the Arkansas statutes concerning assignments for the benefit of creditors and the statute of frauds were extended and put in force in the Indian territory by the act of Congress above cited, it becomes material to consider the decisions of the supreme court of that state with reference to the validity of the provision of an assignment exacting a release by creditors of all their demands against the assignor as a condition of preference. The subject was first considered in Clayton v. Johnson, 36 Ark. 406, 424, 38 Am. Rep. 40, in which an assignment for the benefit of creditors without preferences was held to be valid, notwithstanding a proviso that no creditor provided for should participate in the assets 'unless he accepts the same in full of his claim.' The question is most elaborately considered in that case, and a distinction taken between a conveyance of the whole, and the conveyance of a part only, of the debtor's property upon condition of releasing the residue. The latter was thought to be fraudulent, and pernicious in its tendencies. In McReynolds v. Dedman, 47 Ark. 347, 1 S. W. 552, it was held that, although an assignor might make preferences and exact release from creditors who assented to the assignment, if he reserved to himself, to the exclusion of nonassenting creditors, the surplus that remained, the deed was fraudulent upon its face. The difficulty with that assignment was that, in case the creditors refused to execute the releases, the residue, instead of being devoted to the payment of the assignor's creditors, was to revert to the assignor himself. This case is wholly consistent with that of Clayton v. Johnson. In the [187 U.S. 41, 49] subsequent case, however, of Collier v. Davis, 47 Ark. 367, 58 Am. Rep. 758, 1 S. W. 684, Clayton v. Johnson was formally overruled, and an assignment which provided that no creditor should participate unless he should accept his share in full satisfaction of his claim, and gave no direction for the application of the surplus after satisfying assenting creditors, was held void upon its face. It may be noted that the personnel of the court had changed since Clayton v. Johnson was decided. In the subsequent case of Wolf v. Gray, 53 Ark. 75, 13 S. W. 512, decided a few weeks before the act of Congress of 1890, notwithstanding the former overruling of Clayton v. Johnson in Collier v. Davis, it is said that its authority upon the stipulation for a release was not impaired, except as modified by the cases before cited. It follows, said the court, that 'the law is established here, in accord with much authority elsewhere, that a stipulation for a release in a general assignment, which is made only as a condition of preference, does not invalidate the instrument.' The assignment in that case preferred one creditor, and provided for payment to all other creditors who should execute releases of the residue of their debts. This case was followed by King v. Hargadine-McKittrick Dry Goods Co. 60 Ark. 1, 28 S. W. 514, where the very assignment in question in this case was held to be valid, notwithstanding the provision for a release by creditors as a condition of preference. Without determining the validity of such a provision at common law, we are of opinion that the courts of the Indian territory did not err in applying the settled construction of the law of Arkansas to the assignment in this case, and in holding the provision for a release of creditors to be valid.
2. Plaintiffs also seek to impeach the assignment upon the ground that there was no evidence of its acceptance by any of the creditors, or their assent thereto; and the position is taken that, while the creditors may be presumed to accept an assignment made for their benefit, such acceptance will not be presumed where the assignment is subject to the condition that the creditors consent to a release and discharge of their claims against the estate. Error is also charged in the rendition of the judgment against persons who were not parties to [187 U.S. 41, 50] the immediate case, but who had stipulated other cases into this case for a like judgment; and also in the fact that a personal judgment rendered against the plaintiffs in error for the value of the goods in controversy was not contemplated or allowed by the statute under which the proceedings were had.
It is sufficient answer to these objections to say that neither of them appears to have been called to the attention of the courts below. They do not seem to have been raised at the time the judgment was entered. It does not appear that any assignments of error were filed in the court of appeals for the Indian territory, but the opinion states that plaintiffs relied upon four objections to the assignment, as showing upon its face that it was fraudulent in law. No objection seems to have been raised in that court to the form of the judgment. In the assignments of error in the United States court of appeals for the eighth circuit no such question is raised, and none alluded to in the opinion. Such objections could not be raised for the first time in this court. Insurance Co. v. Mordecai, 22 How. 111, 117, 16 L. ed. 329, 331; First Nat. Bank v. Kentucky, 9 Wall. 353, 19 L. ed. 701; Wheeler v. Sedgwick, 94 U.S. 1 , 24 L. ed. 31; Wilson v. McNamee, 102 U.S. 572 , 26 L. ed. 234; Edwards v. Elliott, 21 Wall. 532, 22 L. ed. 487; Clark v. Fredericks, 105 U.S. 4 , sub nom. Davis v. Fredericks, 26 L. ed. 938.
While it is the duty of this court to review the action of subordinate courts, justice to those courts requires that their alleged errors should be called directly to their attention, and that their action should not be reversed upon questions which the astuteness of counsel in this court has evolved from the record. It is not the province of this court to retry these cases de novo.
The judgment of the Court of Appeals is affirmed.
Mr. Justice Shiras and Mr. Justice White concurred in the result.
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