text:
Major RAND study with 300 interviews: Intelligence Operations and Metrics in Iraq and Afghanistan, Nov 2008
From WikiLeaks
Unless otherwise specified, the document described here:
- Was first publicly revealed by WikiLeaks working with our source.
- Was classified, confidential, censored or otherwise withheld from the public before release.
- Is of political, diplomatic, ethical or historical significance.
Any questions about this document's veracity are noted.
The summary is approved by the editorial board.
See here for a detailed explanation of the information on this page.
If you have similar or updated material, see our submission instructions.
- Release date
- March 2, 2009
This major November, 2008 RAND Corporation study on intelligence operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, conducted 300 interviews at all levels with US, UK and Dutch intelligence officers and diplomats.
The 318 page document could be described as part of the "Pentagon Papers" for Iraq and Afghanistan. It was confidentially prepared for the Pentagon's Joint Forces Command and focuses on intelligence and counterinsurgency operations.
Marked "For Official Use Only" study was distribution restricted to a select group of Coalition war partners and Israel.
The study is a notable news and policy source, not for its arguments or conclusions, but rather for its wealth of candid and revealing interview quotes which are spread throughout the document, but especially in the 200 page appendix.
The material has been verified, and we ask readers to go through the document to extract key quotes for their communities. There is a wealth of interview quotes on almost every aspect of the wars. The authors of the quotes, ranging from the UK Ambassador and the former head of the Defense Intelligence Agency to on the ground intelligence officers, can be discovered via the footnote appendix.
Sample interview quotes:
- The intelligence on the military side was not tied in with the CIA [Central Intelligence Agency], and the CIA was not listened to. . . . I had my most depressing discussions with the intelligence people who could see what this was leading to, and could see what the pop- ulation thought better than [then-director of reconstruction and humanitarian assistance in Iraq L. Paul] Bremer could. . . . Between Bremer and [then secretary of state Donald H.] Rumsfeld, it had to be all talked up, which is the American way. . . . The discussion with Bremer was always on the optimistic side, while on the intelligence side it was much less so. And I think the same was true to an extent of [GEN John Philip Abizaid]. You don't succeed within the U.S. system unless you [display a can-do attitude].
- In the military, . . . complex, divergent thinkers, either . . . bite their tongue or they get out.. . . Very, very rarely they get to be generals.
- [A combined joint special-operations Task Force] snatched two brothers who were sons of a sheikh [with whom we have very good relations.] They did coordinate it, but did so poorly. They said, Were coming by to pick up this guy named whatever and used a name that was so common the task force couldnt know who it was. . . . Hes still in jail, and Im trying to deal with their father, and I havent been able to find [the son]. . . . These guys go in and blow down doors . . . when all they need to do is knock and theyll let them in. . . . They killed the son in a Christian family. . . . They said [that the son] was reaching for a gun. Yeah, okay, he shouldnt have done that, but these guys blew down the door, blew through the wall, and came with all their toys.
- (Afghanistan) infrastructure manning those responsible for planning infrastructure recoverywas only 650 strong out of 16,000 people at [U.S. Central Command].
- Dutch F-16s would go out and fly missions [in Afghanistan], and after the missions they would ask for the BDA [battle-damage assessments], which were classified Secret U.S. They could fly the mission and drop the ordnance, but they couldnt get the battle-damage assessment.
- The military would look and say, Its stable, so lets go someplace else. Well, maybe its stable because of the footprint we have there. . . . There is a rush to determine a snapshot of the security situation in order to reduce the footprint. . . . Were seeing an increase in violence in [this city] because they continue to decrease the number of soldiers there. . . . [When we started pulling out] the Iraqis themselves said, We are not ready yet.
- We also spent a lot of time, money, blood, and treasure on going after MVTs [medium- value targets] and HVTs . . . and I dont think it had a great deal of effect on the Taliban because they are not hierarchical. If we killed one guy, they just replaced him in about 10minutes. . . . [In that regard,] they are not that different [from] us.
- I think that not interfering would be interfering with our mission. We dealt with training the police and then sent them out to the community. If they werent paid, then they were extorting money at roadblocks. As the police are seen as coming out of our gates, eventu- ally the extortion is going to reflect on us. The average Afghan citizen is not able to discern that it is Kabul that is at fault. . . . The Taliban is capitalizing on this very fact, because it is a regression to the situation like it was back before 1994. Police extortion is one way the Taliban is winning over the population.
Further information


text:
Westlake Chemical is a premier manufacturer and worldwide supplier of petrochemicals, vinyls, polymers and building products that operates from 36 locations in North America, 11 in Europe and 6 in Asia. We produce approximately 40 billion pounds of product per year. Our offerings are the building blocks for a wide variety of consumer and industrial products, including food packaging, automotive products, coatings, pipes and residential construction materials. Since our founding in 1986, Westlake has pursued a strategy to grow the company and its shareholder value through acquisitions, expansion of existing facilities and new construction. This strategy, along with our deep industry experience and world-class operations, has allowed Westlake to optimize performance, minimize costs and continually build excellence.
Q3 2020 Earnings Presentation
Click HERE to access the Q3 2020 Earnings Presentation

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Conference Participant
Flozell Daniels
President and CEO, Foundation for Louisiana
Born and raised in New Orleans, Flozell's history of community service dates back to his childhood days of running errands for neighborhood elders and serving as Vice-President of his high school Key Club. In his current role as President and CEO of the Foundation for Louisiana (formerly the Louisiana Disaster Recovery Foundation), he is responsible for leading the Foundation in its mission to invest in people and practices that reduce vulnerability and build strong, more sustainable communities across Louisiana.
Prior to his appointment at the Foundation, Mr. Daniels served as Tulane University's Executive Director of State and Local Affairs for 9 years. Before that, he was appointed as an Urban Policy Specialist in the Office of the Mayor, Division of Federal and State Programs for the City of New Orleans. Mr. Daniels currently serves as Ex-officio of the Urban League of Greater New Orleans Board of Directors, having completed a 5-year term as Chairman in 2011. For this service, Flozell was honored with the first Distinguished Service Award for board leadership. He is also a founding member and Board Chairman of the Orleans Public Education Network, a Mayoral-appointed commissioner on the New Orleans Regional Transit Authority, a founding member of the Forum on Racial and Ethnic Equity, and has served as Co-Chair of the Reentry Program Committee for the Mayor's Working Group on Criminal Justice Reform in New Orleans. Flozell is a 2011 Fellow of the Opportunity Agenda Communications Institute, a life Fellow of the Louisiana Effective Leadership Program, an alumnus of Leadership Louisiana and a graduate of the Metropolitan Leadership Forum. A proud graduate of McDonogh #35 Senior High School, Flozell is an alumnus of Tulane University's MBA program. In the interim between high school and graduate school, Flozell earned a B.A. in Biological Sciences from the University of New Orleans and spent six years doing materials research for the USDA.
His certifications include grantsmanship, project management, federal audit compliance and professional contract management. His professional interests include community economic development, advocacy leadership development and promoting equity-based policy implementation. Mr. Daniels continues to reside in New Orleans with his family, where he is a booster of his daughter's volleyball team and is Parliamentarian of his son's Parent Teacher Student Organization. When he has time to relax, Flozell can be found exploring the amazing cultural richness of Louisiana's food and festival circuit with family and friends.


text:
A group representing small businesses in Canada is calling on municipalities to compensate those hit hard by the summer roadwork and construction season.
In a report released Wednesday, the Canadian Federation of Independent Business said it estimates that construction hurts the bottom line of a small business to the tune of about $100,000 on average, based on data from 5,500 companies.
"Business owners are often taking the brunt of construction, even if they support the project," said Aaron Aerts, CFIB's western economist. "Even those that weren't impacted could see that they are next."
Forty one per cent of businesses have been disrupted by local construction projects, the report suggested, mostly through traffic, dust, debris or noise levels, as well as customers having troubles finding parking or accessing storefronts.
Five per cent described the impact as "major."
About seven per cent considered closing or relocating because of the impact of extended construction.
With 1.3 million private employers in Canada, the CFIB suggests 65,000 businesses – or one in five – are negatively affected by construction.
Cambie Street dig took four years
The Canada Line in Vancouver, which required digging up Cambie Street in the four-year project ahead of the 2010 Winter Olympics, cost the average business in the corridor just under $112,000 in sales, the report said.
Some business owners ended up closing their doors, while owner Susan Heyes sued the rapid transit line builders for $600,000 for compensation, though she was later stripped of the award when a higher court judge.
In Victoria, the replacement of the Johnston Bridge, approved in 2012, finished in March, but it was three years behind schedule, so business owners endured prolonged road closures and traffic congestion.
A light-rail public transit project in Surrey is set to take four years to build along major streets near the Guildford Town Centre shopping mall and a Simon Fraser University campus.
In Vernon, Kalamalka Lake Road is set for upgrades until July, with businesses located near the popular Kalmalka Lake bracing for the possible impacts during their busiest months.
Call for cities to act
Business owners often have their backs against the construction fence, Aerts said, pointing to no insurance for interruption due to construction work and sometimes no proper notice from the municipality.
"When you think of a small business owner, working 70 hour weeks as is… For them to go to city hall to make a lot of noise – they will try to absorb the damage instead," Aerts said. "That's not really fair to them."
In Canada, businesses can claim compensation for losses from public construction through the "injurious affection" policy. That requires a specific timeline to submit claims as well as extensive evidence often needing legal and engineering experts.
The CFIB is recommending municipalities develop a compensation program for cases where construction has a moderate to major extended impact.
"It could be targeted to those that are hit the hardest," Aerts said. "Providing compensation to ensure they don't have to shut down could benefit government revenues."
Municipalities could also look at property tax relief, which is already underway in cities around the world, such as Seattle, which has created a US$15-million fund for businesses affected by the construction of a light-rail line.
Other key recommendations include a business liaison officer, as well as a "no surprise rule," meaning governments track their infrastructure's condition and let local businesses know of construction well in advance, through a five-year capital investment plan and relevant pre-construction consultations that benefit those businesses.
Municipalities should also improve their contracting process and include a bonus/penalty system for early or late completion of projects, the report said. This would include ensuring best practices by the contractor are also met, such as adequate signage and parking.
"For them, having something that municipalities are at least considering for them is important," Aerts said.
Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter.


text:
The integration of mobile networks and Wi-Fi promises to make hotspots more popular and easier to access, but it will also put pressure on providers to improve performance, according to hotspot aggregator Boingo Wireless.
The number of worldwide public Wi-Fi hotspots is expected to quadruple, and total 5.8 million by 2012, as operators look for ways to reduce traffic on their mobile networks, according to a recent study by Informa Telecoms and Media.
"[The hotspot sector] is strong and growing stronger," said Christian Gunning, director of corporate communications at Boingo, which offers users an unlimited Wi-Fi plan for two devices for US$9.95 per month in the U.S.
So far, the U.S. hasn't seen the massive build outs of Wi-Fi hotspots that have taken place in some parts of Europe and Asia, according to Gunning.
"One of our strategic initiatives right now is to expand coverage into categories that haven't been built out, but will be," said Gunning.
Few big national restaurant chains in the U.S. have hotspots in their restaurants. There are hundreds of thousands of locations that today lack Wi-Fi coverage, according to Gunning. Most national chains are now discussing getting connected, joining Starbucks and McDonald's in that movement. As a result, restaurants will see a big build out in the next three or four years, he said.
Wi-Fi hotspots in sports arenas, concert halls and shopping malls will also become more prevalent.
"In shopping malls it is to some degree less about consumers and their data consumption, than it is about what the mall can do with the network," said Gunning.
That could include offering local Groupon-like deals or seeing how users move around and then charging stores a premium for popular spots.
Wi-Fi hotspots are also about to become more integrated with mobile networks thanks to a specification called Hotspot 2.0, which is being developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance. It allows users to automatically move between the two network types, and be authenticated using the SIM card on their smartphone or tablet.
"What people want to do is grab their device and do what they want to do, and having to worry about which network is working and whether they can access the Internet just frustrates them," said Gunning.
The goal is to finish the specification by the end of the year and then start trials by next summer, according to Gunning.
Making it easier to connect to Wi-Fi will likely result in more users accessing hotspots and put more pressure on operators to improve their networks. Wi-Fi is able to handle the load, but there will certainly be a learning curve for some operators.
"We will have to do some brilliant RF planning to make it all work," said Gunning.
But this is the kind of validation the market has been waiting for for 10 years and operators have to be willing to make the capacity upgrades that are needed, he said.
Send news tips and comments to email@example.com


text:
Plant maintenance is a must! Confirming your ground resistance is crucial for instruments and machinery. Our Earth Ground Testers provide simple accurate measurement of earth resistance.
After a disastrous 2009, the large publicly held test companies enjoyed booming business in 2010.
Looking for more information on our people, technology and solutions?


text:
I've got several Ubuntu machines on my network at home, but the DNS is provided by a windows server (2K). When I ssh to them from another , if I ssh to them as "machine" I can't connect, but if I connect as "machine.local" I can connect.
I think similarly, I can't connect from a windows client (like putty).
What's going on here? - it's clearly an Ubuntu thing.


text:
By Frs. Rumble & Carty
Radio Replies.
3 vols. 4,374 questions and answers on every conceivable aspect of the Catholic
Faith by these intrepid preachers. Clear, succinct, uncompromising, powerful.
Best refutation of Protestantism in print. Indexed. Very famous. Impr. 3 vol,
No. 0186.
Sale Price: $49.95
How to order this Book
Catholic Apologetics - Main Section
Roman Catholic Books
A Philosophic Defense and Explanation of the Catholic Religion
By Msgr. Paul J. Glenn, Ph.D., S.T.D.
TRUE CHURCH QUIZZES by Frs. Rumble and Carty
BIBLE QUIZZES By Frs. Rumble and Carty
BIRTH PREVENTION QUIZZES By Frs. Rumble and Carty
VIRGIN AND STATUE WORSHIP BY Frs. Rumble and Carty
CONFESSION QUIZZES By Frs. Rumble and Carty
EUCHARIST QUIZZES By Frs. Rumble and Carty
HELL QUIZZES By Frs. Rumble and Carty
VIRGIN AND STATUE WORSHIP, By Frs. Rumble and Carty
THE CATHOLIC ANSWER TO THE JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES A Challenge Accepted By Louise D'Angelo
CATHOLIC APOLOGETICS TODAY By Fr. William Most
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH HAS THE ANSWER By Fr. Whitcomb
THE CATHOLIC CONTROVERSY By St. Francis de Sales
CHATS WITH CONVERTS A Complete Explanation and Proof of Catholic Belief By Fr. M.D. Forrest, M.S.C. Preface By Bishop Sheen
COLLEGE APOLOGETICS Proof of the Truth of the Catholic Faith By Fr. Anthony F. Alexander
CONFESSION OF A ROMAN CATHOLIC (Our Top #1 book, every year, for over 15 years: The Best Catholic Book of The Year) By Whitcomb
THE FAITH OF OUR FATHERS By James Cardinal Gibbons
HELL plus HOW TO AVOID HELL By Fr. F.X. Schouppe, S.J. & Thomas A. Nelson
THE INCREDIBLE CREED OF THE JEHOVAH WITNESSES By Rev. Leslie Rumble
RADIO REPLIES By Frs. Rumble & Carty
REBUILDING A LOST FAITH BY AN AMERICAN AGNOSTIC By John L. Stoddard
WHAT FAITH REALLY MEANS By Rev. Henry G. Graham, M.A.
CATHOLIC APOLOGETICS Book IV By Fr. John Laux, M.A.
CHIEF TRUTHS OF THE FAITH A Course in Religion, Book I By Fr. John Laux, M.A.
MASS AND THE SACRAMENTS A COURSE IN RELIGION BOOK II By Fr. John Laux, M.A.
CATHOLIC MORALITY A Course in Religion, Book III By Fr. John Laux, M.A.
True Church and Bible
Album "ALL MY LOVE TO YOU JESUS"
by Catholic Recording Artist Rafael Brom
DVDs Ever Made
Padre Pio and Sr. Faustina
by Award Winning Film Director J. Paddy Nolan of JPN
3 Documentary Films in one DVD
a JPN Production
Each over 2 Hours Long
Padre Pio
Sr. Faustina
and Most Complete 2 DVDs on
Padre Pio and Sr. Faustina Ever Made
Each DVD Over 2 Hours Long
BOOK OF DESTINY By Fr. H.B. Kramer
CATHOLIC PROPHECY THE COMING CHASTISEMENT By Yves Dupont
FORTY DREAMS OF ST. JOHN BOSCO By St. John Bosco
HISTORY OF ANTICHRIST By Fr. P. Huchede
LIFE OF ANNE CATHERINE EMMERICH By Rev. C. E. Schmoeger, C.SS.R.
PROPHECY FOR TODAY By Edward Connor (compiler)
THE PROPHETS AND OUR TIMES By Fr. R. Gerald Culleton
THE REIGN OF ANTICHRIST By Fr. R. Gerald Culleton
Divine Mercy and Sr. Faustina (DVD Videos and Books)
Padre Pio (Videos)
Medjugorje - The Queen of Peace (Videos, DVDs, Books and Audio Tapes)
Prophecy of The Third Secret of Fatima
The Kingdom of the Bride
Photos from movie "The Passion of the Christ" directed by Mel Gibson
HLI Pro-Life Material - Pro-life Books, Audio Tapes, CDs, DVDs and Videos
Text of The Third Secret of Fatima - Complete Report from Vatican and Pope Francis
Books and Videos on Padre Pio
Videos and Books on Sr. Faustina and Divine Mercy plus Diary of Sr. Faustina
ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLES - Family Bibles, Spanish Bibles, Church, School and Study Bible Edidions
Bishop Fulton Sheen - Audio CDs, Videos and Books
THE DOUAY-RHEIMS BIBLE - Now in Large Print!
Why Should You Read Only the Douay-Rheims Catholic Translation of the Bible?
2 Peter 3: 16. As also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things; in which are certain things hard to be understood, which the unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other scriptures, to their own destruction.
Free MP3 Music Downloads
Home Page / Statues / Crucifixes / Catholic Resources / Catholic Videos / Catholic Books / Catholic Audio CDs / Christian Music / Catholic News / Angels / Anti-Semitism / Animated 1 / Animated 2 / Animated films for Children - The New Testament / Animated - The Old Testament / Apparitions of Blessed Virgin Mary / Apologetics / Art Gallery / Audio Tapes / Documentary Film on DVD - The Beatification of Padre Pio - by Award British Film Director J. Paddy Nolan / Hilaire Belloc / Bible / Bibles / Books on Bible / Bishop Fulton Sheen / Books / Books on Divine Mercy / A Catholic Theme Park / Children and Youth - Animated / Church Documents / Church History / Creation vs Evolution / The Creature from Jekyll Island / Devil - Satan / Catholic Family Resources / Divine Mercy / Diary of Sister Faustina / Dr. Bernard Nathanson / Errors - Problems of Modern Times / Eucharist and the Mass / Family and Marriage / Fr. Aloysius Ellacuria / Freemasonry / Garabandal / Gifts / Gods of the New Age / Global Tyranny / Health / Hell, Heaven and Purgatory / Home Schooling / John Paul II Collection / Joan of Arc / Journeys of the Soul / Latest Message / Marianland / Marian / Marian Videos / Mariology / Charismatic / Marx and Satan / Medjugorje Miracles and the Message / Miracles in Catholic Church / Money System / Mother Teresa / Music / Free MP3 Music Samples / Yoga Conspiracy of the New Age Movement / One World Government / Padre Pio (Videos) / Padre Pio (Books) / Pious Publications / The Priesthood / Pro-Life Videos and DVDs / Pro-Life Books / Prophecy / Prophecy of The Third Secret of Fatima / Rafael's Art Gallery / Prof. Libor Brom / Religious Education-Adult / Religious Education-Grade School / Religious Education - High School / Rock/Pop Music, MTV, Hollywood, Satan and Antichrist / ROSARY / Saints Part 1 / Saints Part 2 / Saints Part 3 / St. Patrick Apostle of Ireland / Scott Hahn, Kimberly Hahn, Bishop Sheen AudioCDs and DVDs / Shocking Videos / Spanish Videos / Spiritual Life / Sr. Faustina / Stigmata and Stigmatists / Theology / True Church and Bible / The UN's Crusade Against God and Family / Vatican II / Videos - Main Section / J. Paddy Nolan / Wayne Weible - Medjugorje Apparitions - Medjugorje / Latest news / Sin and Repentance / Fr. Faber / Roman Catholic Documentary Films as Seen on EWTN TV Network of Mother Angelica / Mother Teresa /
Christian Music
Catholic Prophecy
Bishop Christianos
Ageda (12th Century)
In the 20th century there will be wars and fury that will last a long time; whole provinces shall be emptied of their inhabitants, and kingdoms shall be thrown into confusion. In many places the land shall be left untilled, and there shall be great slaughters of the upper class. The right hand of the world shall fear the left, and the north shall prevail over the south.


text:
This polo performs well with ClimaLite's fabric sweeping sweat away from your skin. The quick drying polo will keep you dry and comfortable from running errands to playing your favorite game. Contrast color listed refers to adidas performance heat transfer logo on right sleeve
Every order is custom printed and personalized to your needs direct from our production facility in Detroit, MI. Items are typically completed within 2-5 business days and then require additional shipping time to reach your location. Bulk orders of 12 or more items will take 10-12 business days for production.


text:
"Saved!" Is a Relentless Assault on the Christian Faith
- Annabelle Robertson Entertainment Critic
- 2004 28 May
Release Date: May 28, 2004
Rating: PG-13 (for strong thematic issues involving teens - sexual content, pregnancy, smoking and language)
Genre: Comedy/Drama
Run Time: 92 minutes
Director: Brian Dannelly
Actors: Jena Malone, Mandy Moore, Macauley Culkin, Patrick Fugit, Chad Faust, Heather Matarazzo, Eva Amurri, Martin Donovan and Mary-Louise Parker
Writer and director Brian Dannelly goes for the jugular with "Saved!" He ridicules worship, prayer, contemporary Christian music and teen rallies, portraying participants as deluded weirdos chasing a feel-good experience. He portrays prayer meetings as gossip sessions and church leaders as hypocrites. He mocks sexual virtue. Dannelly makes fun of attempts to de-secularize Christmas ("Santa = Satan"). He derides the possibility of God's mercy. He even ridicules the crucifixion, with a close-up on the gold lame-covered genitals of the teen that plays Jesus in a school production.
"Now that's what I call being hung on the cross!" a cheeky girl comments.
Actress Mandy Moore appeared on "Good Morning America" this week, where she insisted that "Saved!" shows "both the good and the bad" about Christianity while revealing what "true faith" really is. She dismissed criticism, saying, "The people who are criticizing this film haven't seen it."
Well, I've seen it, and I disagree – strongly. Rather than a humorous satire that exposes hypocrisy within a well-intentioned or otherwise godly community, "Saved!" (with a cross over the exclamation point) is a relentless assault that maligns anyone and everyone associated with the Christian faith – especially those who disagree with the gay lifestyle.
Seventeen-year-old Mary (Jena Malone) has been "born again" her whole life. "Accepting Jesus into your life is a big decision," she explains. "Especially for a three-year-old." This naïveté sets the tone for the movie, which focuses on a group of teenage Christians who live, eat, sleep and breathe everything Christian. They go to a Christian high school and participate in all sorts of exclusive, cliquish Christian groups. The leader of a worship band, Hilary Faye (Moore) is every teenager's worst nightmare. She gossips, slanders and uses her faith as self-righteous justification to manipulate everyone. Her mission in life is to "evangelize" those who don't know Jesus. Kidnapping and brainwashing are acceptable means – as are throwing Bibles.
When Mary's boyfriend, Dean (Chad Faust), tells her that he is gay, Mary is shocked. A construction worker, momentarily transformed into a vision of the crucified Christ wearing a crown of thorns, bids Mary to help Dean. Hilary Faye unknowingly gives Mary the solution – while the two practice shooting at the gun range – by informing her that God can and will restore a girl's "spiritual and emotional virginity." Believing she is doing God's will, Mary seduces Dean and becomes pregnant. But, after Dean's parents discover homosexual pornography under his bed, they send him off to Mercy House, a mysterious, cult-like place "where they deal with everything from drug addiction to de-gay-ification to unwed mothers."
Mary conceals her pregnancy with the help of a rebellious Jewish student (Eva Amurri) and Hilary Faye's unbelieving brother (Macauley Culkin), who is confined to a wheelchair. Then the pastor's hunky son (Patrick Fugit) falls for Mary, making Hilary Faye jealous. Meanwhile, Mary's mother and her pastor are committing adultery.
I enjoy jokes about the church, fellow Christians and the quirkiness that inhabits the various subcultures of evangelicalism. We're a diverse group, and we certainly have our idiosyncrasies. Moreover, we're not immune to sin or dysfunction, and humor is a great way of pointing out truth in a palatable way. But humor rings truest when it comes from someone who loves what it chides. And that's the problem with "Saved!, which clearly stems from a lot of hurt – hurt that has somehow transformed into spiteful rage.
Characters smoke, drink, have sex, swear to God and take the Lord's name in vain – while wearing large, gaudy crosses. Several curse, including the f- word. They mock homosexuals. They are racist – and ridiculous. Someone sees "a vision of Jesus" in a fish tank. Christian women paint crosses on their toenails while watching Christian television game shows. All the Christians are evil; all the non-Christians are kind, good and logical. The pastor says, regarding his marriage problems, "Divorce isn't part of God's plan." His unbelieving son retorts, "Well, maybe you need a new plan."
According to Dannelly, that "new plan" involves an entirely new set of values – and a new definition of family. Mary's enlightened voiceover at the end of the film is complimented by a photo of this "new family model," which consists of a working single mother in touch with her sexuality; her married lover; an unwed teenage mother; her heterosexual boyfriend; the baby's teenage dad – who is kind, loving and positively thrilled to be a father, even though he's only 17 and gay – and his teenage homosexual lover. And the "true faith" that Moore extols? An impersonal, inanimate God who encourages us to redefine virtue according to our sexual whims. As Mary says, "God exists. You just have to feel it."
The only thing I feel is dismay that Christ's followers are so hated and ridiculed. As Christians, we walk a fine line between presence (living out the gospel) and proclamation (sharing the message). Our proclamation must always be done in love, which we can and do forget. So, even as we duck from drive-by shootings like "Saved!," we might nevertheless use the opportunity to examine how we communicate our faith to a disbelieving, skeptical and hostile world.
• = Mild •• = Average ••• = Heavy •••• = Extreme
Adult Themes:
Drugs/Alcohol Content:
Sexual Content/Nudity:


text:
An estimated three out of four jobs globally are dependent on water, meaning that shortages and lack of access are likely to limit economic growth in the coming decades, the United Nations announced recently.About 1.5 billion people - half the world's workers - are employed in industries heavily dependent on water, most of them in farming, fisheries and forestry, the U.N. World Water Development Report 2016 said. "There is a direct effect on jobs worldwide if there are disruptions in water supply through natural causes, such as droughts, or if water doesn't get to communities because of infrastructure problems," said Richard Connor, the report's editor-in-chief.Research has shown investment in small-scale projects providing access to safe water and basic sanitation in Africa could offer a return equivalent to almost 5 percent of the continent's economic output, the report said. In the United States, every $1 million invested in the country's water supply and treatment infrastructure generates between 10 and 20 additional jobs, according to the report."Whether it's a water treatment facility or a system to bring water to fields to irrigate, you're not just funding that project," Connor told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. "You're creating a multiplier effect: jobs are being created because water becomes available."Fleur Anderson, global head of campaigns at charity Water Aid, said the high cost of water in many developing countries also affects jobs and economic choices. In Papua New Guinea, for example, poor people have to spend 54 percent of their day's earnings to buy 50 litres of water, the amount the World Health Organization says a person needs every day for domestic use and to maintain health and hygiene.This compares with as little as 0.1 percent of the income of someone earning the minimum wage in Britain. "It means countries are not getting the economic benefits of their working population because people are spending so much of their money on water," Anderson said.Water under pressureDemand for water is expected to increase by 2050 as the world's population is forecast to grow by one-third to more than 9 billion, according to the United Nations. This in turn will lead to a 70 percent increase in demand for food, putting more pressure on water through farming, which is already the biggest consumer of water.As climate change contributes to rising sea levels and extreme weather, at least one in four people will live in a country with chronic or recurring shortages of fresh water by 2050, the United Nations estimates, making it more important to focus on expanding rainwater harvesting and recycling wastewater.Connor said funding for projects was still often based on "investment in pumps and pipes" rather than a more holistic view, taking into account water's key role in building a sustainable economy as part of the new global development goals.More investment in renewable energy such as solar and wind, which use very little water, is also crucial in reducing demand for water, Connor said.© Thomson Reuters 2016(This story has not been edited by NDTV staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.)
For the latest food news, health tips and recipes, like us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter and YouTube.


text:
Advanced Search
The company's currently breaking wave of new product launches from Windows Vista to Windows Longhorn is only going to exacerbate that problem, as people who were trained on the older generation of products find themselves unfamiliar with the new code.
Skills Investment
Microsoft's got a formal name for its effort to combat the skills shortage problems: Partner Skills Plus. Announced in May 2006, the program consists of a $30 million investment to increase the number of skilled IT professionals worldwide available for partner organizations, with spending focused on curriculum development and discounts on both certification exams and training.
Microsoft began serious spending out of the Partner Skills Plus budget in November with the first phase aimed at improving skills around current generation products. The company is ramping up to launch a second phase, details of which are still mostly under wraps, in the first half of this year.
Don Nelson, worldwide general manager of partner sales and readiness, says Microsoft officials want to make it easier, faster and cheaper for partners to get certified on the company's technologies. "That's better for them, better for the customers and better for us," Nelson says. A corollary is that training helps with employee retention, Nelson says: "When owners invest in certifying their people, people tend to be more loyal to the organization."
Nelson acknowledges that certifications aren't a perfect way to measure knowledge transfer, but, he adds: "It's the best way that we have. It's a good measure of their abilities to take skills into the marketplace."
Phase I Discounts
Microsoft's Phase I program focused training around SQL Server 2005, BizTalk Server 2006, Visual Studio 2005, Live Communications Server, Windows Mobile and Microsoft Dynamics. It involved discounts of 25 percent to 30 percent off exams, depending on a partner's enrollment level in the Microsoft Partner Program. The program also included vouchers for practice tests.
Nelson says Microsoft's Phase II programs will be more creative and interesting to partners than the vouchers and discounts of Phase I. And he says Microsoft will continue fine-tuning the program and investing in it.
The first phase of Microsoft's Partner Skills Plus program of incentives to help partner organizations get their employees trained is in full swing and runs through June 30.
Offers and incentives include:
Technology Specialist and Professional Series Exam Savings:
Microsoft Dynamics Exam Savings:
Practice Tests:
Products covered: SQL Server 2005, BizTalk Server 2006, Visual Studio 2005, Live Communications Server, Windows Mobile and Microsoft Dynamics
Source: Microsoft
"It's not a quick-fix thing," Nelson says. "It's not something that if we run a program for one quarter, we'll have it solved. This is going to be a serious ongoing effort over a number of years."
Meanwhile, Microsoft partners are becoming a primary constituent of, and even a driving force behind, Microsoft's broader IT certification programs. Nelson says that about 40 percent of all certifications in the last year have been earned by Microsoft partner company employees. Nelson expects the Partner Skills Plus investment to increase the partner component of overall certifications to around 50 percent.
Scott Bekker contributed to this report.
About the Author
Anne Stuart, the former executive editor of Redmond Channel Partner, is a business technology freelance writer based in Boston, Mass.
Microsoft has improved the remediation process when users authenticating via on-premises methods are deemed to be at risk by the Microsoft Entra ID Protection service, per a Thursday announcement.
As Microsoft's new AI assistant gets into more hands this week, let's break down some of my impressions.
Microsoft on Wednesday gave notice that its Exchange Online e-mail tamper protections are planned for completion in 2024, which may entail some backend changes by IT departments.
Azure Automation provide IT with the ways to make their jobs more interesting. Got a task you're sick of doing? Automate it away!
The new update, rolling out for some, includes a preview of Microsoft's AI-powered Windows Copilot.
Subscribe on YouTube
More Summits
More Webcasts
More Tech Library


text: When I recently redid The Big List, I noticed some things. One of them was that I have never reviewed this one, nor it's Beef or Shrimp fellow Instant Lunches! Talk about an oversight on my part… I'm hoping that I'll be able to do a Meet The Manufacturer with Maruchan soon – thanks to everyone who has asked me to do one, it's just I've never been able to successfully get in touch with them. Well, here we go with a close up and personal with Maruchan's Instant Lunch: Chicken Flavor.


text:
Estudios de Economía
Estudios de Economía is published, since 1973, two times a year by the Department of Economics at the University of Chile. Its purpose is to publish empirical as well as theoretical papers in every field of Economics. All papers must go through refereeing process by two anonymous referees. As part of our editorial policy, an answer regarding the status of a paper will not exceed two months from its reception. If that were not the case, the authors are free to send their paper for consideration for publication elsewhere.
- Registros OAI: -1 Actualizado el : 31/01/2019
- Url OAI: https://revistas.uchile.cl/index.php/EDE/oai
- Primer registro OAI: 21/06/2016
- Versión OJS:
- Artículos en el buscador:
Números detectados
- Información de volúmenes no encontrada : 0 artículos


text:
Narrated by Ethan Hawke, this film was made in conjunction with the exhibition George Bellows. Bellows arrived in New York City in 1904 and depicted an America on the move. In a twenty-year career cut short by his death at age 42, he painted the rapidly growing modern city—its bustling crowds, skyscrapers, and awe-inspiring construction projects, as well as its bruising boxers, street urchins, and New Yorkers both hard at work and enjoying their leisure. He also captured the rugged beauty of New York's rivers and the grandeur of costal Maine. This documentary includes original footage shot in New York City and Maine; examples of Bellows' paintings, drawings, and prints; and archival footage and photographs. The film is made possible by the HRH Foundation.
Brought to you by NGADC


text:
Everything you need to know about insurance basics, like coverage types, limits, cost and more.
Homeowners Insurance Coverages
From your countertops to the color of your walls, your home is uniquely yours. Shouldn't your homeowners insurance be built just for you too? We think so.
American Family homeowners insurance covers more than just your floors, walls and ceilings. We believe that everything your home stands for is worth protecting. That's why we provide the customized home coverage you need to protect what matters most to you.
What Does a Standard Homeowner's Policy Cover?
Did you know you can add coverage and customize your policy for hazards that aren't insured in your base policy? Check out the details in the Added Coverage section below.
Here's a look at what's covered under a standard homeowners policy:
- Fire & Smoke
- Tornadoes
- Damage from weight of ice, snow or sleet
- Leaking roofs
- Lightning
- Theft
- Hail & windstorms
- Falling objects such as rocks or trees
- Wildfire
- Frozen interior plumbing
- Riots or vandalism
- Power surges
What's Not Covered by a Standard PolicyTypically, base policies do not cover things like flood, earthquake, and sewer backup or identity theft. But, you may be eligible to purchase additional protection for these events:
- Home Maintenance
- Wear and Tear
- Floods — American Family offers flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program. And usually it's surprisingly affordable — a drop in the bucket compared to how much flood damage could cost.
- Earthquakes
- Sewer/septic backup and sump pump backup — while it's not automatically included in a homeowners policy, sump pump and water backup coverage can easily be added for a fraction of what it would cost to repair or replace water-damaged items in your home.
What Coverages Make Up a Standard Home Insurance Policy?
Our homeowners insurance policy includes different types of coverage that offer you, your home and your belongings protection from unexpected events. Check out our Personalized Coverage Assistant for guidance on which standard and additional coverages are right for your home.
Coverage for Your Home's StructureAlso known as dwelling coverage or Coverage A.
What it does: Dwelling coverage covers damages to the structure of your home from things like fire, windstorms, hail, lightning, theft and vandalism.
Example: If your home's structure is damaged by a fire, the repair costs would be covered by the dwelling portion of your home insurance.
Coverage for Detached StructuresAlso known as other structures coverage or Coverage B.
What it does: Other structures coverage covers damage to other, detached buildings on your property such as detached garages, gazebos, sheds, swimming pools and fences. Remember, this coverage protects the structure itself — not the things you store inside. That's where personal property coverage steps in to help.
Example: If a windstorm knocks a tree onto your shed and it needs to be repaired, other structures coverage helps cover the cost.
Coverage for Personal BelongingsAlso known as personal property coverage or Coverage C.
What it does: From the belongings in your home to the tools in your shed, personal property coverage protects items inside and outside your home (up to your selected coverage limits) if they're damaged or destroyed by a covered event.
Example: That fire that damaged your home's structure? It also caused serious smoke damage to your clothes and furniture. The good news is your personal property coverage will help cover the cost to clean, repair or replace both!
Temporary Living ExpensesAlso known as loss of use coverage or Coverage D.
What it does: If your home becomes uninhabitable as a result of a covered event,this coverage helps pay for additional living expenses, like a hotel and food.
Example: After that fire, there's no way you're staying in your home until it's repaired and the smell of smoke is gone. Thankfully, your loss of use coverage will help pay for a temporary place to live.
Liability ProtectionAlso known as personal liability coverage or Coverage E.
What it does: If someone is accidentally injured on your property, our liability coverage can protect you from liability claims and lawsuits brought by others up to your policy limit.
Example: Unfortunately, your friend was over when the fire started and they were severely injured and ended up in the hospital. The liability coverage on your homeowners policy will help pay for their medical bills.
Added Coverage, Extra Peace of MindYour household is made up of many moving parts, which is why we offer optional coverages for you to build a homeowners insurance policy that fits your unique needs. Here's a small sampling of additional home insurance coverages you can add on to your policy for additional charge. For a complete list, connect with your agent and discuss the best protection options for your home.
Equipment Breakdown
If your appliances, home systems or smart home devices are damaged due to mechanical, electrical or pressure systems breakdown this coverage has your back.
Sump Pump and Water Backup Coverage
Whether your basement is where you store your treasures or a finished space for entertaining, the right protection gives you peace of mind. Water backup and sump pump failure coverage is an optional add-on that can put your mind at ease.
Matching Siding Protection
Your homeowner's policy will replace the damaged sections of siding due to a covered loss. And then if you have undamaged siding coverage, we'll reimburse you the costs for replacing the remaining undamaged siding so everything matches, up to the policy's limit.
Credit Theft Protection & Monitoring
We've partnered with CyberScout, the industry leader in identity and data defense, to bring you credit monitoring services. You'll get alerted when a new credit account is opened in your name, when an account is updated or is changed, and when a company such as a financial lender or credit card institution pulls a hard inquiry on your credit. Claim your discount for credit monitoring through CyberScout today!
Diminishing Deductible
Add this coverage and earn a $100 credit** towards your deductible right away. And for every year you're claim-free, we'll add another $100 credit to your deductible, up to the policy's limit. It's a great way to help control what you pay for your homeowners coverage.
Hidden Water Damage Coverage
Get coverage for water damage caused by a leak you can't see — within plumbing or inside household appliances. Also covers damage that results from wear and tear, deterioration, corrosion and rust.
Have Coverage Questions?
Does Home Insurance Cover Water Damage?Water damage is a common cause of home insurance claims, but many people aren't exactly sure how their home insurance protects them in the event water wreaks havoc on their home.
Yes, as long as the pipe burst was not due to neglected maintenance.
However, with additional hidden water damage coverage, you can be protected from issues that aren't covered in your base policy. Let's explore how hidden water damage coverage protects you:
- Covers costs to repair damage by hidden water issues and leaks that aren't readily visible
- Covers the cost to replace or repair damages that result from hidden water leaks
- Covers damage that a hidden leak does to your plumbing, A/C, heating, fire sprinkler systems and home appliances
- Covers damage done to walls, floors, ceilings, cabinets — and other items in your home damaged by hidden water leaks
- Covers issues that result from hidden wear and tear, corrosion, rust and deterioration
Note that this protection does not provide coverage for the appliance or item which caused the leak.
No, not unless you have selected the detached structures coverage. Connect with your agent to learn more about this coverage.
Save Money by Bundling Home & Car Insurance
Bundling takes the stress out of managing multiple plans. Customers who bundle their auto and home insurance policies save up to 23% on both policies together.*
Get a bundled insurance quote today.
Smart Ways to SaveNot only can having the right protection in place earn you a discount, but your other savvy choices can help you save on home insurance, too. From installing qualifying smart home devices to combining your home and auto coverage, take a look at some of the ways you could save.
Smart Home DiscountIf your home is equipped with a qualifying smart device, an ADT home security system, you could be in for a better rate with our proactive home protection discount.
Home Purchase Discount
If you've achieved your dream of purchasing a home within the past three years, you're eligible for this discount — regardless of your home's age.
Renovated Home Discount
Have you completely replaced the plumbing, electrical and heating systems in your home in the last 15 years? Then this discount is for you!
Got Questions? We've Got Answers.
Our resource center is filled with information to help you get confident with your coverages and support you as a homeowner.
*Customers who bundle auto and home insurance policies may save up to 23% on both policies together (as of October 2021). Discounts may vary by state, property, policy form and company underwriting the auto and/or home policy. Discounts may not apply to all coverages on an auto or property policy.
**Diminishing Deductible does not apply to all property deductibles.
Some coverages may not be available in your state. Available at renewal for existing policyholders. Please speak with your agent to learn more about your coverage options.
This coverage is not available in MN at this time.


text:
Friday, June 18, 2010
Lost it's Mojo?
17 comments:
- Buzz Kill said...
I actually liked the first episode and the quickfire and elimination challenges. Granted the first show is always tough because of the 17 cheftestants and I get dizzy from all of their 5 second interviews. They seem to be a more seasoned (read older) group and I think we'll see some good cooking. But all-in-all a descent show.
As far as mojo and ratings. I think adding Eric Ripert over Toby Young could only take the ratings up. Bravo didn't seem to do much advertising for the first show. I know it snuck up on me.
And finally, the choice of Washington. With an election coming up in November and DC not really being a foodie town, I think a lot of people are put off by it. And the stuff happening in the gulf (although unforseen) can't be helping either. People are tired of Washington and then they preview Pelosi and God knows who else. They could have gone to Boston, Atlanta, Dallas or St. Louis.
So far, I think the mojo is still there (yeah baby) but the lower ratings are not surprising. I'm looking forward to more of your write ups. Amuse Biatch seems to be out of the picture, so you're all we have. Bwahahaha
- June 18, 2010 at 1:12 PM
- the dogs' mother said...
Eldest Son found one of the top chef masters waiting at his bar the other day. The guy with the hat? He had come in for take out. Told him that was a good reflection on their food! Said he was a nice fellow and put up with all their fan guy activity, son and the manager.
Too bad they couldn't have pulled in the First Lady like the Food Network did.
- June 18, 2010 at 1:21 PM
- Big Shamu said...
I think Buzz is damning me with faint praise...
As for the city they shoot in, it doesn't matter. Did it matter for Chicago or NY? Not really, not anymore than shooting TC Masters in LA. It's just background material. A catered steam tray event is the same if shot in a museum in Chicago or a museum in DC. Top Chef's problems are much larger than the what city they shoot in.
- June 18, 2010 at 1:49 PM
- histrogeek said...
In order to really spice up the ratings, one of the contestants should stab Tom during his walk-through. Anything to shut his ass up.
- June 18, 2010 at 2:45 PM
- Big Shamu said...
While I know your tongue is firmly planted in your cheek, Histro, we don't condone violent comments, even in jest.
- June 18, 2010 at 2:55 PM
- moi said...
The show is based on a formula, formulas get old. After a while, television producers should just know when to let things die.
But maybe Buzz is on to something about the locale of the show, at least in terms of encouraging more interaction between the chefs and the city they're actually working in. Something more creative than just having the White House chef show up to guide a challenge or filming Pelosi flapping her yap. Ain't no way that women sustains herself on anything but human blood.
I also beg to differ about D.C. not being a food town; at least if we're going to include Georgetown in that. Had some of my most memorable restaurant meals there . . .
- June 18, 2010 at 3:13 PM
- Big Shamu said...
I meant to touch on that too Moi, Washington has always been a foodie town way before it was cool. You just don't have that many people from all over the world and looking for good things to eat not to develop into a fantastic food town. Adams Morgan, Georgetown, Dupont Circle and Eastern Market and I'm not even touching on the surrounding suburbs like Alexandria, Bethesda and Arlington. That's just the inner ring. Don't forget that Jean-Louis Palladin had his great restaurant at the Watergate and hired some young chefs (at the time) you may of heard of...Eric Ripert, Daniel Boulud, and Christian Delouvrier. If Alice Waters was the Mother of the Fresh, Local and Best Ingredients, Jean-Louis certainly could be nominated as the East Coast Father of the same movement.
- June 18, 2010 at 4:09 PM
I actually forgot that the show had been moved to 9PM, turned on my TV at 9:55 and ran screaming before I caught the winner! Stayed up an extra 2 hours to catch the 11PM rerun.
Maybe it was dorks like me who lowered the ratings...
- June 18, 2010 at 4:33 PM
- Big Shamu said...
Nope DebbyT, you're the viewer they crave. Appointment TV or in Top Chef world, Reservation TV. I just think a lot less people are making the reservation.
- June 18, 2010 at 4:38 PM
- Sharon Rudd said...
One way to boost ratings: Ruth Reichl (who's kind of available now that Gourmet closed) on same episode as Tony Bourdain. And the reveal of whoever's behind the Ruth Bourdain mash-up. The food and cheftestants would probably be quickly forgotten, but it would be ratings gold.
- June 18, 2010 at 6:31 PM
- Big Shamu said...
I still think Ruth would be better on Masters but either one would make me happy.
- June 18, 2010 at 8:50 PM
- Buzz Kill said...
What I meant to say was that Washington is not as well known for food as say Seattle or Boston. When I think of Washington, I think of politics, I think of crime - I think of political crime. But that's probably just me. I'm still going to watch if I can remember the time change.
- June 19, 2010 at 7:49 AM
- Jenny said...
I think Buzz might be right about people being tired of DC and politics. Do I want/care to see Pelosi? No. Moi is also correct about a formula show getting to Season 7 and beginning to show its age. Project Runway felt the same way this past season. I watched the Next Artist show last night and you could plug in Food, clothes or art and it's all the same.
- June 19, 2010 at 12:21 PM
- Big Shamu said...
Top Chef started showing it's age long before this season.
- June 19, 2010 at 12:41 PM
- Jenny said...
It's easier for me. I didn't start watching until Season 5.
- June 20, 2010 at 12:38 AM
Long-time lurker here.
The political "stars" were definitely not a draw for me, whether Pelosi or Scarborough. So maybe that played a role.
But Bourdain is back, yay!
And Buzz, DC is most definitely a foodie town. 60 minutes even had a profile of one of our biggies, Jose Andres, a couple of weeks ago.
There's also Michel Richard, Eric Ziebold, Johnny Monis, and a host of others. The ethnic food isn't as concentrated as a Chicago, New York or Boston, but there are great enclaves of ethnic eating scattered throughout the Beltway. Within DC, it's Ethiopian or soul food. I was very disappointed that Bourdain didn't discover Miz Charlotte's Crabcakes in a scary, gritty, urban section of DC.
So they better have a competition involving half-smokes, crab cakes (or soul food) or injera bread is all I gotta say.
- June 21, 2010 at 5:01 PM
- Big Shamu said...
Amen to the half-smokes and crab cakes Lou. DC is where I had my first Ethiopian food and it was delicious.
Don't be such a stranger Lou.
- June 21, 2010 at 7:15 PM


text:
|(the photos in this post appear faded and washed out, which is intentional...)
Banana Raisin Muffins
(makes 7 muffins)
50g caster sugar
2 eggs, lightly beaten (about 50g without shells)
50g vegetable oil (I used canola oil)
2 large over ripped bananas, roughly mashed (about 210g)
150g cake flour
1 ½ teaspoons baking powder
50g raisins
- Pre heat oven to 180degC.
- Soak raisins with some water or orange juice for about 10-15mins. Drain and pat dry. Lightly coat with a teaspoon of flour (extra), remove any excess flour.
- Sieve flour and baking powder, set aside.
- Roughly mash bananas with a fork.
- Place sugar, eggs in a mixing bowl. Whisk with a balloon whisk to combine.
- Add in oil, whisk to combine.
- Add in mashed banana, stir with a spatula to combine.
- Sieve over flour mixture, stir with spatula until just incorporated. DO NOT Overmix. The batter should appear lumpy.
- Spoon batter into paper muffin cups, fill to ¾ full.
- Bake at 180degC for 25mins until golden and a toothpick inserted into the centre comes out clean. Transfer to wire rack, leave to cool completely.


text:
|All About Angels - Booklet
All About Angels - Booklet
The Catholic approach to angels begins with the belief that we live in a created universe of things visible and invisible. Things visible include the material aspect of creation, namely those things that we can perceive with our senses. Things invisible include the spiritual aspect of creation which elude sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|Baptism and Confirmation - Booklet
Baptism and Confirmation - Booklet
Baptism and Confirmation were sacraments we received as children. What did they do for us? Do you know how important they are? Sometimes Catholics are criticized for baptizing infants – find out why the Church encourages this practice.
|Booklets, Pentecost, Holy Spirit
Add Booklet | $2.25
|Becoming a Real Man of God - Booklet
Becoming a Real Man of God - Booklet
Learn what it means to be a "real man" from God's perspective. This Knights of Columbus booklet is designed to help men understand their God-given role and to become virtuous soldiers of Christ. Addressing both the challenges and strengthens of masculinity, "Becoming a Real Man of God" helps develop strong, faithful men of God.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|The Early Church - Booklet
The Early Church - Booklet
Ancient Christianity is a proven draw at the box office and the bookstores. Our neighbors are curious about the early Church, and more than willing to be obsessed by it. But how should we proceed to study ancient Christianity when the media accounts themselves have been shockingly misinformed?Â
|Booklets, The Reformation
Add Booklet | $2.25
|The Eucharist - Booklet
The Eucharist - Booklet
The source and summit of the Christian life, the sacramental center for Catholics, is the holy Eucharist. Like Christ, the holy Eucharist is controversial and divisive. When Jesus initially taught crowds of people about the holy Eucharist, many of them left (see the Gospel of John 6:60). Today, the question still comes to us: "will you also go away?" (John 6:67). Is the holy Eucharist actually a sacrifice? Should we worship the Eucharist?
|Booklets, Eucharist
Add Booklet | $2.25
|The Eucharist: Sacrament and Sacrifice - Booklet
The Eucharist: Sacrament and Sacrifice - Booklet
Since the Eucharist is at the center of our faith, we should be able to explain and defend it. Discover the roots of the Eucharist in the Old Testament, the Church's teaching on the Real Presence and the power of Holy Communion in this Knights of Columbus booklet.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|The Forgiveness of Sins - Booklet
The Forgiveness of Sins - Booklet
The Forgiveness of Sins discusses the importance of accepting forgiveness from God, sharing the gift of forgiveness, and how that act must always be centered on the love of Christ. This Knights of Columbus booklet also explains the meaning and implications of sin and the incredible reality of God's love for us.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|The Gifts of the Holy Spirit - Booklet
The Gifts of the Holy Spirit - Booklet
Scriptures talks about the Gifts of the Holy Spirit, but what are they exactly? This Knights of Columbus booklet presents St. Thomas Aquinas' explanation of these incredible gifts, and will strengthen both your knowledge of the Gifts of the Holy Spirit and your desire for them.
|Booklets, Pentecost, Holy Spirit
Add Booklet | $2.25
|The Holy Spirit - Booklet
The Holy Spirit - Booklet
This booklet, on the Holy Spirit, is in two parts: first the data, then the theology that explains the data.Â
|Booklets, Pentecost, Holy Spirit
Add Booklet | $2.25
|Human Nature, Basis for Morality - Booklet
Human Nature, Basis for Morality - Booklet
"Human Nature as the Basis of Morality" discusses the foundations of morality. Learn about the natural law, human destiny and God's plan for our happiness. This Knights of Columbus booklet will help you make sense of concepts such as conscience, free will, love, emotions, and legal freedom, and how they all fit together.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|Introduction to the Sacraments - Booklet
Introduction to the Sacraments - Booklet
A sacrament is a sacred sign instituted by Christ to give grace. Each word in this concise definition is chosen with precision and bears a great deal of meaning. This lesson explains exactly what is meant by "sign," what is meant by "grace" how sacraments "give" grace, and how sacraments are not life magic. The requirements for a valid sacrament, the proper minister of the sacraments, and sacramentals will also be discussed in this booklet.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|Is There a God? - Booklet
Is There a God? - Booklet
This booklet is about knowing God, and mainly about what we can know of him by human reason. It presents, from the point of view of the Catholic Church, a reply to the question, "How can I know God exists?" Below are brief discussions of faith and reason, of proofs for the existence of God, and of practical steps that can be taken by those who desire to find God. A reading list to guide those interested in further study is included at the end of this booklet.Â
|Apologetics, Booklets
Add Booklet | $2.25
|The Life Everlasting - Booklet
The Life Everlasting - Booklet
In order to knowing the meaning of life, we must know our end. "Life Everlasting" explains the end we have in God, and the Catholic belief in eternal life through Christ. This Knights of Columbus booklet also describes the realities of heaven, hell, and purgatory and their biblical support.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|The Lord's Prayer - Booklet
The Lord's Prayer - Booklet
"The Lord's Prayer" unveils the beauty of this great prayer given to us by Jesus Himself. We pray the Our Father but how well do we recognize it as "the summary of the whole gospel," as Tertullian said? In this Knights of Columbus booklet learn how the Lord's prayer can help you develop a humble and trusting heart and become more like our Father in Heaven.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|Mary - Booklet
Mary - Booklet
"How Catholics Pray to Mary" explains why Catholics believe we not only can, but also should, pray to Jesus through the intercessory help of Mary. Whether you're looking to understand why Catholics pray to Mary, how to pray to Mary, or to be able to defend this foundational Catholic belief to others, you'll benefit from this Knights of Columbus booklet.
|Advent & Christmas
Add Booklet | $2.25
|Mary, The Mother of God - Booklet
Mary, The Mother of God - Booklet
"Mary, the Mother of God" covers the four Marian dogmas: Mary as mother of God, her Immaculate Conception, her perpetual virginity and her Assumption. Grow in both knowledge and love of your mother in Heaven in this Knights of Columbus booklet.
|Advent & Christmas
Add Booklet | $2.25
|Prayer Time: A Collection of Catholic Prayers - Booklet
Prayer Time: A Collection of Catholic Prayers - Booklet
"Prayer Time" is a collection of devotional prayers for families and individuals. It includes the foundational prayers of the Catholic faith, prayers to the Blessed Virgin Mary, prayers for Holy Communion, prayers to the angels and saints, and more. Pick up this Knights of Columbus booklet and strengthen your prayer life.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|The Resurrection of the Body - Booklet
The Resurrection of the Body - Booklet
"The Resurrection of the Body" explains the Catholic perspective of death. Christ transforms the experience of death by linking it to Himself through His Resurrection (His rising from the dead). This Knights of Columbus booklet explains the beauty and power of Christ's conquering of sin and death on our behalf and the incredible implications it has for all humanity.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|Saint Joseph: Our Father in Faith - Booklet
Saint Joseph: Our Father in Faith - Booklet
Even though the Evangelists do not record one word spoken by Joseph of Nazareth, the Holy Spirit has inspired Christians throughout the ages to love the husband of the Blessed Virgin Mary and foster father of the Son of God. Because of Saint Joseph's relationship with Jesus and Mary, he enjoys a relationship with the Church that is foundational. Pope John Paul II has noted that Saint Joseph's example "transcends all individual states of life and serves as a model for the entire Christian community, whatever the condition and duties of each of its members may be.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|Some Fundamental Principles of Catholic Morality - Booket
Some Fundamental Principles of Catholic Morality - Booket
"Some Fundamental Principles of Catholic Morality" explains the source of the morality of human actions. It also discusses the three universal moral rules that make an action good or evil. This Knights of Columbus booklet also examines the function of our conscience and the duty we have to both follow, and form, our conscience.
Add Booklet | $2.25
|What Catholics Should Know About Islam - Booklet
What Catholics Should Know About Islam - Booklet
Do you want to know more about the Islamic religion? "What Catholics Should Know About Islam" gives non-Muslims a basic overview of the origins and early history of Islam. It also discusses the similarities and differences between Christianity and Islam. This Knights of Columbus booklet examines the modern practical implications of some of the central beliefs and practices of Muslims and more.
Add Booklet | $2.25


text:
Long Live Day of the Dead!November 1st in Antidepressposts [ No Comments ]
Life is too important to take seriously
~Oscar Wilde
Remembering that you are going to die is the best way to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
~Steve Jobs
I love Day of the Dead. Not just because I love so many fabulous dead people and enjoy celebrating their lives, but because it is the only holiday that joyfully embraces the thing that gives any sense of meaning or urgency to this life. We are not around (in this form) forever so it makes sense to prioritize the people, places, thoughts, ideas, and activities we pay attention to, and find a way to liberate the rest.
Death is inevitable and important. Grief is devastating and necessary. And funerals are a fantastic ritual to expedite the process of release. That's why for each of the past two years the Day of the Dead has marked the launch of Cemetery Mary's funeral planning festivities where, with a group of talented actor/singers, we hijacked the ideas of holding a open casket funeral for the dead people, and used it as an event for the living to toss out the dead dreams, dashed hopes and disappointments that may mess with the ability to enjoy our days.
Funeral sing-alongs that offer people jazzy music plus a nice mahogany casket to symbolically release pain, woe, bitterness, suffering, anger, failure, and a full spectrum of nasty personal habits, can be very popular events. Many funeral guests said they got a glimpse at what it feels like to take life's suffering a little less seriously, which then extended outside the service.
Personally, Cemetery Mary was enthusiastically hurling excess baggage into the casket. And, of course, what happens when we dump the junk? Lots of extra space opens in our lives makes room for lovely, miraculous new growth.
But we don't need musical funeral events to take stock of what needs to be released each year. I've already started a collection of crap I don't plan to drag into the New Year. I get a little cranky about aging, middle age anarchy of the uterous (ladies, I'm talking perimenopause), and the plummeting value of my real estate and retirement fund. But then I remember that those thoughts, ideas, and distractions get in the way of my good mood so I write them down, torch them (safely), and recite my favorite mantra:
Oh well.
We are always growing and molting simultaneously. Such is life (and death).
Best to let it all go.
If you want help to expedite this process, check out the essay questions below. Then take your written answers to a nice cemetery, bless your answers, set the paper on fire and do a happy dance.
If you are anything like the crowd at our funerals, this is how it will make you feel:
Rest in peace, love, and laughter whenever possible.
Essay Questions:
- What is growing and thriving in your life?
- Does it bring you joy, meaning, or satisfaction?
- If not, why not? Is there anything you can do to change this?
- What is dead or dying in your life?
- Are you ready to let it go?
- If not, list all of the ways it/he/she still serves you.


text:
What Makes Inner City High Density Liveable? Insight from Residents in Brisbane, Australia
Australia's urban form and planning has shifted from traditional individual dwellings on spacious suburban blocks towards higher density urban consolidation. Despite relatively strong market demand for inner city high density (ICHD) living, there is ongoing need to explore and understand the aspects that make this urban form liveable and sustainable. The purpose of this research is to explore the viewpoints of current ICHD residents to better understand the liveability and sustainability matters that affect their everyday experiences and perceptions of this urban form. Qualitative interviews with 24 ICHD Brisbane (Australia) residents illustrates their perceptions and experiences of liveability and the ways in which it is broadly understood within three main domains and nine key sub-concepts, including: individual dwelling (thermal comfort, natural light and balconies, noise mitigation), building complex (shared space, good neighbour protocols, environmental sustainability) and the community (transport, amenities, sense of community). Focussing on the experience of ICHD residents, this research highlights the ways in which multiple aspects of the immediate living environment, the dwelling, building complex and the community intertwine to provide residents with a liveable space. The results show that urban features that reflect current societal pressure for greater sustainability such as lower energy use are the exact same features sought by ICHD residents in determining their liveability. By highlighting the aspects current ICHD residents value most about their dwellings, buildings and communities, these findings will help inform policy-makers, planners, developers and designers as they create urban spaces and dwellings that are more liveable and sustainable.
Full Text:PDF
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v2i1.3099
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2013 Laurie Buys, Desley Vine, Evonne Miller
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ISSN 2164-7682
Copyright © Macrothink Institute
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'macrothink.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.


text:
stating that manifest justice might result in a different outcome from the case before itSummary of this case from Mendez v. Hampton Court Nursing Ctr., LLC
December Term, 1859
I.S. Torrance, for the appellant.
E.P. Chapin, for the plaintiff.
The first objection raised on the trial amounts to this: That the evidence of the person present, who heard the declarations of Holly giving directions as to the payment of the money he was then advancing to the defendant, was mere hearsay and therefore not competent. Had the plaintiff sued Holly for this sum of money no objection to the competency of this evidence would have been thought of; and if the defendant had performed his promise by paying the sum loaned to him to the plaintiff, and Holly had afterwards sued him for its recovery, and this evidence had been offered by the defendant, it would doubtless have been received without an objection from any source. All the defendant had the right to demand in this case was evidence which, as between Holly and the plaintiff, was competent to establish the relation between them of debtor and creditor. For that purpose the evidence was clearly competent; it covered the whole ground and warranted the verdict of the jury. But it is claimed that notwithstanding this promise was established by competent evidence, it was void for the want of consideration. It is now more than a quarter of a century since it was settled by the Supreme Court of this State — in an able and pains-taking opinion by the late Chief Justice SAVAGE, in which the authorities were fully examined and carefully analysed — that a promise in all material respects like the one under consideration was valid; and the judgment of that court was unanimously affirmed by the Court for the Correction of Errors. ( Farley v. Cleaveland, 4 Cow., 432; same case in error, 9 id., 639.) In that case one Moon owed Farley and sold to Cleaveland a quantity of hay, in consideration of which Cleaveland promised to pay Moon's debt to Farley; and the decision in favor of Farley's right to recover was placed upon the ground that the hay received by Cleaveland from Moon was a valid consideration for Cleaveland's promise to pay Farley, and that the subsisting liability of Moon to pay Farley was no objection to the recovery. The fact that the money advanced by Holly to the defendant was a loan to him for a day, and that it thereby became the property of the defendant, seemed to impress the defendant's counsel with the idea that because the defendant's promise was not a trust fund placed by the plaintiff in the defendant's hands, out of which he was to realize money as from the sale of a chattel or the collection of a debt, the promise although made for the benefit of the plaintiff could not enure to his benefit. The hay which Cleaveland delivered to Moon was not to be paid to Farley, but the debt incurred by Cleaveland for the purchase of the hay, like the debt incurred by the defendant for money borrowed, was what was to be paid. That case has been often referred to by the courts of this State, and has never been doubted as sound authority for the principle upheld by it. ( Barker v. Buklin, 2 Denio, 45; Hudson Canal Company v. The Westchester Bank, 4 id., 97.) It puts to rest the objection that the defendant's promise was void for want of consideration. The report of that case shows that the promise was not only made to Moon but to the plaintiff Farley. In this case the promise was made to Holly and not expressly to the plaintiff; and this difference between the two cases presents the question, raised by the defendant's objection, as to the want of privity between the plaintiff and defendant. As early as 1806 it was announced by the Supreme Court of this State, upon what was then regarded as the settled law of England, "That where one person makes a promise to another for the benefit of a third person, that third person may maintain an action upon it." Schermerhorn v. Vanderheyden (1 John. R., 140), has often been re-asserted by our courts and never departed from. The case of Seaman v. White has occasionally been referred to (but not by the courts) not only as having some bearing upon the question now under consideration, but as involving in doubt the soundness of the proposition stated in Schermerhorn v. Vanderheyden. In that case one Hill, on the 17th of August, 1835, made his note and procured it to be indorsed by Seaman and discounted by the Phœnix Bank. Before the note matured and while it was owned by the Phœnix Bank, Hill placed in the hands of the defendant, Whitney, his draft accepted by a third party, which the defendant indorsed, and on the 7th of October, 1835, got discounted and placed the avails in the hands of an agent with which to take up Hill's note; the note became due, Whitney withdrew the avails of the draft from the hands of his agent and appropriated it to a debt due him from Hill, and Seaman paid the note indorsed by him and brought his suit against Whitney. Upon this state of facts appearing, it was held that Seaman could not recover: first, for the reason that no promise had been made by Whitney to pay, and second, if a promise could be implied from the facts that Hill's accepted draft, with which to raise the means to pay; the note, had been placed by Hill in the hands of Whitney, the promise would not be to Seaman, but to the Phœnix Bank who then owned the note; although, in the course of the opinion of the court, it was stated that, in all cases the principle of which was sought to be applied to that case, the fund had been appropriated by an express undertaking of the defendant with the creditor. But before concluding the opinion of the court in this case, the learned judge who delivered it conceded that an undertaking to pay the creditor may be implied from an arrangement to that effect between the defendant and the debtor. This question was subsequently, and in a case quite recent, again the subject of consideration by the Supreme Court, when it was held, that in declaring upon a promise, made to the debtor by a third party to pay the creditor of the debtor, founded upon a consideration advanced by the debtor, it was unnecessary to aver a promise to the creditor; for the reason that upon proof of a promise made to the debtor to pay the creditor, a promise to the creditor would be implied. And in support of this proposition, in no respect distinguishable from the one now under consideration, the case of Schermerhorn v. Vanderheyden, with many intermediate cases in our courts, were cited, in which the doctrine of that case was not only approved but affirmed. ( The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company v. The Westchester County Bank, 4 Denio, 97.) The same principle is adjudged in several cases in Massachusetts. I will refer to but few of them. ( Arnold v. Lyman, 17 Mass., 400; Hall v. Marston, id., 575; Brewer v. Dyer, 7 Cush., 337, 340.) In Hall v. Marston the court say: "It seems to have been well settled that if A promises B for a valuable consideration to pay C, the latter may maintain assumpsit for the money;" and in Brewer v. Dyer, the recovery was upheld, as the court said, "upon the principle of law long recognized and clearly established, that when one person, for a valuable consideration, engages with another, by a simple contract, to do some act for the benefit of a third, the latter, who would enjoy the benefit of the act, may maintain an action for the breach of such engagement; that it does not rest upon the ground of any actual or supposed relationship between the parties as some of the earlier cases would seem to indicate, but upon the broader and more satisfactory basis, that the law operating on the act of the parties creates the duty, establishes a privity, and implies the promise and obligation on which the action is founded." There is a more recent case decided by the same court, to which the defendant has referred and claims that it at least impairs the force of the former cases as authority. It is the case of Mellen v. Whipple (1 Gray, 317). In that case one Rollins made his note for $500, payable to Ellis and Mayo, or order, and to secure its payment mortgaged to the payees a certain lot of ground, and then sold and conveyed the mortgaged premises to the defendant, by deed in which it was stated that the "granted premises were subject to a mortgage for $500, which mortgage, with the note for which it was given, the said Whipple is to assume and cancel." The deed thus made was accepted by Whipple, the mortgage was afterwards duly assigned, and the note indorsed by Ellis and Mayo to the plaintiff's intestate. After Whipple received the deed he paid to the mortgagees and their assigns the interest upon the mortgage and note for a time, and upon refusing to continue his payments was sued by the plaintiff as administratrix of the assignee of the mortgage and note. The court held that the stipulation in the deed that Whipple should pay the mortgage and note was a matter exclusively between the two parties to the deed; that the sale by Rollins of the equity of redemption did not lessen the plaintiff's security, and that as nothing had been put into the defendant's hands for the purpose of meeting the plaintiff's claim on Rollins, there was no consideration to support an express promise, much less an implied one, that Whipple should pay Mellen the amount of the note. This is all that was decided in that case, and the substance of the reasons assigned for the decision; and whether the case was rightly disposed of or not, it has not in its facts any analogy to the case before us, nor do the reasons assigned for the decision bear in any degree upon the question we are now considering. But it is urged that because the defendant was not in any sense a trustee of the property of Holly for the benefit of the plaintiff, the law will not imply a promise. I agree that many of the cases where a promise was implied were cases of trusts, created for the benefit of the promiser. The case of Felton v. Dickinson (10 Mass., 189, 190), and others that might be cited, are of that class; but concede them all to have been cases of trusts, and it proves nothing against the application of the rule to this case. The duty of the trustee to pay the cestuis que trust, according to the terms of the trust, implies his promise to the latter to do so. In this case the defendant, upon ample consideration received from Holly, promised Holly to pay his debt to the plaintiff; the consideration received and the promise to Holly made it as plainly his duty to pay the plaintiff as if the money had been remitted to him for that purpose, and as well implied a promise to do so as if he had been made a trustee of property to be converted into cash with which to pay. The fact that a breach of the duty imposed in the one case may be visited, and justly, with more serious consequences than in the other, by no means disproves the payment to be a duty in both. The principle illustrated by the example so frequently quoted (which concisely states the case in hand) "that a promise made to one for the benefit of another, he for whose benefit it is made may bring an action for its breach," has been applied to trust cases, not because it was exclusively applicable to those cases, but because it was a principle of law, and as such applicable to those cases. It was also insisted that Holly could have discharged the defendant from his promise, though it was intended by both parties for the benefit of the plaintiff, and therefore the plaintiff was not entitled to maintain this suit for the recovery of a demand over which he had no control. It is enough that the plaintiff did not release the defendant from his promise, and whether he could or not is a question not now necessarily involved; but if it was, I think it would be found difficult to maintain the right of Holly to discharge a judgment recovered by the plaintiff upon confession or otherwise, for the breach of the defendant's promise; and if he could not, how could he discharge the suit before judgment, or the promise before suit, made as it was for the plaintiff's benefit and in accordance with legal presumption accepted by him ( Berley v. Taylor, 5 Hill, 577-584, et seq.), until his dissent was shown. The cases cited, and especially that of Farley v. Cleaveland, establish the validity of a parol promise; it stands then upon the footing of a written one. Suppose the defendant had given his note in which, for value received of Holly, he had promised to pay the plaintiff and the plaintiff had accepted the promise, retaining Holly's liability. Very clearly Holly could not have discharged that promise, be the right to release the defendant as it may. No one can doubt that he owes the sum of money demanded of him, or that in accordance with his promise it was his duty to have paid it to the plaintiff; nor can it be doubted that whatever may be the diversity of opinion elsewhere, the adjudications in this State, from a very early period, approved by experience, have established the defendant's liability; if, therefore, it could be shown that a more strict and technically accurate application of the rules applied, would lead to a different result (which I by no means concede), the effort should not be made in the face of manifest justice.
The judgment should be affirmed.
JOHNSON, Ch. J., DENIO, SELDEN, ALLEN and STRONG, Js., concurred. JOHNSON, Ch. J., and DENIO, J., were of opinion that the promise was to be regarded as made to the plaintiff through the medium of his agent, whose action he could ratify when it came to his knowledge, though taken without his being privy thereto.
The plaintiff had nothing to do with the promise on which he brought this action. It was not made to him, nor did the consideration proceed from him. If he can maintain the suit, it is because an anomaly has found its way into the law on this subject. In general, there must be privity of contract. The party who sues upon a promise must be the promise, or he must have some legal interest in the undertaking. In this case, it is plain that Holly, who loaned the money to the defendant, and to whom the promise in question was made, could at any time have claimed that it should be performed to himself personally. He had lent the money to the defendant, and at the same time directed the latter to pay the sum to the plaintiff. This direction he could countermand, and if he had done so, manifestly the defendant's promise to pay according to the direction would have ceased to exist. The plaintiff would receive a benefit by a complete execution of the arrangement, but the arrangement itself was between other parties, and was under their exclusive control. If the defendant had paid the money to Holly, his debt would have been discharged thereby. So Holly might have released the demand or assigned it to another person, or the parties might have annulled the promise now in question, and designated some other creditor of Holly as the party to whom the money should be paid. It has never been claimed, that in a case thus situated, the right of a third person to sue upon the promise rested on any sound principle of law. We are to inquire whether the rule has been so established by positive authority.
The cases which have sometimes been supposed to have a bearing on this question, are quite numerous. In some of them, the dicta of judges, delivered upon very slight consideration, have been referred to as the decisions of the courts. Thus, in Schermerhorn v. Vanderheyden (1 John., 140), the court is reported as saying, "We are of opinion, that where one person makes a promise to another, for the benefit of a third person, that third person may maintain an action on such promise." This remark was made on the authority of Dalton v. Poole ( Vent., 318, 332), decided in England nearly two hundred years ago. It was, however, but a mere remark, as the case was determined against the plaintiff on another ground. Yet this decision has often been referred to as authority for similar observations in later cases.
In another class of cases, which have been sometimes supposed to favor the doctrine, the promise was made to the person who brought the suit, while the consideration proceeded from another; the question considered being, whether the promise was void by the statute of frauds. Thus, in Gold v. Phillips (10 Johns., 412), one Wood was indebted to the plaintiffs for services as attorneys and counsel, and he conveyed a farm to the defendants, who, as part of the consideration, were to pay that debt. Accordingly, the defendants wrote to the plaintiffs, informing them that an arrangement had been made by which they were to pay the demand. The defence was, that the promise was void within the statute, because, although in writing, it did not express the consideration. But the action was sustained, on the ground that the undertaking was original and not collateral. So in the case of Farley v. Cleaveland (4 Cow., 432; 9 id., 639), the facts proved or offered to be proved were, that the plaintiff held a note against one Moon; that Moon sold hay to the defendant, who in consideration of that sale promised the plaintiff by parol to pay the note. The only question was, whether the statute of frauds applied to the case. It was held by the Supreme Court, and afterwards by the Court of Errors, that it did not. Such is also precisely the doctrine of Ellwood v. Monk (5 Wend., 235), where it was held, that a plea of the statute of frauds, to a count upon a promise of the defendant to the plaintiff, to pay the latter a debt owing to him by another person, the promise being founded on a sale of property to the defendant by the other person, was bad.
The cases mentioned, and others of a like character, were referred to by Mr. Justice JEWETT, in Barker v. Bucklin (2 Denio, 45). In that case, the learned justice considered at some length the question now before us. The authorities referred to were mainly those which I have cited, and others, upon the statute of frauds. The case decided nothing on the present subject, because it was determined against the plaintiff on a ground not involved in this discussion. The doctrine was certainly advanced which the plaintiff now contends for, but among all the decisions which were cited, I do not think there is one standing directly upon it. The case of Arnold v. Lyman (17 Mass., 400), might perhaps be regarded as an exception to this remark, if a different interpretation had not been given to that decision in the Supreme Court of the same State where it was pronounced. In the recent case of Mellen, Administratrix, v. Whipple (1 Gray, 317), that decision is understood as belonging to a class where the defendant has in his hands a trust fund, which was the foundation of the duty or promise in which the suit is brought.
The cases in which some trust was involved are also frequently referred to as authority for the doctrine now in question, but they do not sustain it. If A delivers money or property to B, which the latter accepts upon a trust for the benefit of C, the latter can enforce the trust by an appropriate action for that purpose. ( Berly v. Taylor, 5 Hill, 577.) If the trust be of money, I think the beneficiary may assent to it and bring the action for money had and received to his use. If it be of something else than money, the trustee must account for it according to the terms of the trust, and upon principles of equity. There is some authority even for saying that an express promise founded on the possession of a trust fund may be enforced by an action at law in the name of the beneficiary, although it was made to the creator of the trust. Thus, in Comyn's Digest ( Action on the case upon Assumpsit, B. 15), it is laid down that if a man promise a pig of lead to A, and his executor give lead to make a pig to B, who assumes to deliver it to A, an assumpsit lies by A against him. The case of The Delaware and Hudson Canal Company v. The Westchester County Bank (4 Denio, 97), involved a trust because the defendants had received from a third party a bill of exchange under an agreement that they would endeavor to collect it, and would pay over the proceeds when collected to the plaintiffs. A fund received under such an agreement does not belong to the person who receives it. He must account for it specifically; and perhaps there is no gross violation of principle in permitting the equitable owner of it to sue upon an express promise to pay it over. Having a specific interest in the thing, the undertaking to account for it may be regarded as in some sense made with him through the author of the trust. But further than this we cannot go without violating plain rules of law. In the case before us there was nothing in the nature of a trust or agency. The defendant borrowed the money of Holly and received it as his own. The plaintiff had no right in the fund, legal or equitable. The promise to repay the money created an obligation in favor of the lender to whom it was made and not in favor of any one else.
I have referred to the dictum in Schermerhorn v. Vanderheyden (1 Johns., 140), as favoring the doctrine contended for. It was the earliest in this State, and was founded, as already observed, on the old English case of Dutton v. Poole, in Ventris. That case has always been referred to as the ultimate authority whenever the rule in question has been mentioned, and it deserves, therefore, some further notice. The father of the plaintiff's wife being seized of certain lands, which afterwards on his death descended to the defendant, and being about to cut £ 1,000 worth of timber to raise a portion for his daughter, the defendant promised the father, in consideration of his forbearing to cut the timber, that he would pay the said daughter the £ 1,000. After verdict for the plaintiff, upon the issue of non-assumpsit, it was urged in arrest of judgment, that the father ought to have brought the action, and not the husband and wife. It was held, after much discussion, that the action would lie. The court said, "It might be another case if the money had been to have been paid to a stranger; but there is such a manner of relation between the father and the child, and it is a kind of debt to the child to be provided for, that the plaintiff is plainly concerned." We need not criticise the reason given for this decision. It is enough for the present purpose, that the case is no authority for the general doctrine, to sustain which it has been so frequently cited. It belongs to a class of cases somewhat peculiar and anomalous, in which promises have been made to a parent or person standing in a near relationship to the person for whose benefit it was made, and in which, on account of that relationship, the beneficiary has been allowed to maintain the action. Regarded as standing on any other ground, they have long since ceased to be the law in England. Thus, in Crow v. Rogers (1 Strange, 592), one Hardy was indebted to the plaintiff in the sum of £ 70, and upon a discourse between Hardy and the defendant, it was agreed that the defendant should pay that debt in consideration of a house, to be conveyed by Hardy to him. The plaintiff brought the action on that promise, and Dutton v. Poole was cited in support of it. But it was held that the action would not lie, because the plaintiff was a stranger to the transaction. Again, in Price v. Easton (4 Barn. Adolph., 433), one William Price was indebted to the plaintiff in £ 13. The declaration averred a promise of the defendant to pay the debt, in consideration that William Price would work for him, and leave the wages in his hands; and that Price did work accordingly, and earned a large sum of money, which he left in the defendant's hands. After verdict for the plaintiff, a motion was made in arrest of judgment, on the ground that the plaintiff was a stranger to the consideration. Dutton v. Poole, and other cases of that class, were cited in opposition to the motion, but the judgment was arrested. Lord DENMAN said, "I think the declaration cannot be supported, as it does not show any consideration for the promise moving from the plaintiff to the defendant." LITTLEDALE, J., said, "No privity is shown between the plaintiff and the defendant. The case is precisely like Crow v. Rogers, and must be governed by it." TAUNTON, J., said, "It is consistent with all the matter alleged in the declaration, that the plaintiff may have been entirely ignorant of the arrangement between William Price and the defendant." PATTERSON, J., observed, "It is clear that the allegations do not show a right of action in the plaintiff. There is no promise to the plaintiff alleged." The same doctrine is recognized in Lilly v. Hays (5 Ad. Ellis, 548), and such is now the settled rule in England, although at an early day there was some obscurity arising out of the case of Dutton v. Poole, and others of that peculiar class.
The question was also involved in some confusion by the earlier cases in Massachusetts. Indeed, the Supreme Court of that State seem at one time to have made a nearer approach to the doctrine on which this action must rest, than the courts of this State have ever done. (10 Mass., 287; 17 id., 400.) But in the recent case of Mellen, Administratrix, v. Whipple (1 Gray, 317), the subject was carefully reviewed and the doctrine utterly overthrown. One Rollin was indebted to the plaintiff's testator, and had secured the debt by a mortgage on his land. He then conveyed the equity of redemption to the defendant, by a deed which contained a clause declaring that the defendant was to assume and pay the mortgage. It was conceded that the acceptance of the deed with such a clause in it was equivalent to an express promise to pay the mortgage debt; and the question was, whether the mortgagee or his representative could sue on that undertaking. It was held that the suit could not be maintained; and in the course of a very careful and discriminating opinion by Judge METCALF, it was shown that the cases which had been supposed to favor the action belonged to exceptional classes, none of which embraced the pure and simple case of an attempt by one person to enforce a promise made to another, from whom the consideration wholly proceeded. I am of that opinion.
The judgment of the court below should therefore be reversed, and a new trial granted.
GROVER, J., also dissented.
Judgment affirmed.


text:
|The stupid question is the question not asked
comment on
|( #3333=superdoc: print w/replies, xml )
|Need Help??
There is a very interesting point about Perl and algorithmic efficiency. Perl makes it very natural for people to use highly optimized pattern recognition algorithms in the regular expression engine, and a good hashing algorithm.
C, while much faster, makes it far more natural to repeatedly scan lists rather than store a key in a hash and just check exists.
The result is that the same person in many circumsances will find that their Perl code not only is easier to write and read, but outperforms what they would have written in C. Sure, if they wrote their C carefully they would beat Perl every time. But natural Perl idioms tend to be better algorithmically than the natural C approaches, and algorithmic efficiency trumps raw performance.
(This does not hold true for all programmers, YMMV, etc. But it is surprising how often it is true.)
In reply to RE: RE: Sorting a list of IP addresses (aka Why I hate Big O)
by tilly