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United Studios of Self Defense teaches Shaolin Kenpo, a mixture of Karate, Kung Fu, and JuJitsu, as well as elements taken from other forms. It is easily understood, and beginners will learn effective self defense they can execute from the start of their training.
The United Studios of Self Defense system is especially effective for in-close self defense,
which is a very common real life situation.
To better understand the principles of Shaolin Kenpo, please review The 10 Laws Of The Fist article below.
The following article by our founder and headmaster describes the principles of Kenpo.
By CHARLES MATTERA – 10th degree black belt
and the headmaster of the United Studios of Self-Defense Inc.
The first law of Kenpo states that when your opponent charges straight in and attacks, you should use your feet to move your body along a circular path. You should also consider moving your arms in a circular pattern to deflect the oncoming force. When your opponent attacks you in a circular fashion, however, you should respond with a fast linear attack —along a straight line from y o u r weapon to his target. Just as the circle can overcome the line, the line can overcome the circle.
This principle has several meanings. First, it indicates that Kenpo is primarily a striking art. Seventy percent hands and 30 percent feet is the classical breakdown, but you can change the proportion according to the circumstances or your body build. The second meaning is that if a confrontation is inevitable—a thug is climbing through your bathroom window at 2 o'clock in the morning and he starts swinging a baseball bat—you should not wait for the aggressor to attack first. You need to hit him first with a foot, a fist, an elbow or a knee. You also need to hit hard and hit continuously until he is subdued.
The Kenpo curriculum also includes numerous grappling and throwing techniques, but research has shown they are used in less than 25 percent of the encounters practitioners have found themselves in, and they are ineffective against multiple attackers. Because grappling uses four times as much strength and energy as striking does, it has been deemed a last resort suitable for use only if your opponent penetrates your first and second lines of defense: your feet and fists, respectively.
Kenpo is different from many karate styles in that it teaches you to strike first and strike often in rapid succession— high, low, straight in and along a circular path. While unleashing such rapid fire strikes, it becomes difficult to kiai (shout) in conjunction with each one.
Therefore, you should forget about issuing a kiai with each blow; in fact, doing so means you are expending excess energy. Your first and second strikes should be designed to stun, distract and slow your opponent. Your third and, if necessary, fourth strikes are the power blows. Remember the Kenpo maxim: First set your opponent up, then take him out.
If you had to punch a hole through a wall, would you rather hit a half-inch of sheet rock or a 2×4 stud? The answer is obvious, and it's also why Kenpo advocates striking "soft" targets. No one ever broke his knuckle punching an attacker's temple, no one ever fractured his instep kicking an attacker's groin and no one ever injured his knifehand striking an attacker's throat. In Japan the makiwara board is used to toughen the hands, and in Thailand muay Thai fighters harden their shins by kicking banana trees. Kenpo is different in that it teaches the path of least resistance and least pain. Precisely targeting the temple, face, nose, neck, solar plexus, stomach, groin and floating ribs is superior to simply pummeling away on random parts of the aggressor's body.
Kenpo's mandate to kick low is based on logic. A roundhouse kick and spinning reverse crescent kick to the head may be flashy and impressive, but such maneuvers take longer to execute because your leg has to travel farther. They also expose your groin to your opponent's kick. Because kicking high requires superior balance and focus, you should practice your leg techniques high. But deliver them low for self-defense. Furthermore, kicking low to the legs—executing a "pillar attack"—can break your opponent's balance and his leg.
Kenpo emphasizes economy of movement and economy of time. Hence, its no-block principle teaches that to avoid being struck by a punch or kick, you should move your body out of harm's way. The most advanced defense taught in the martial arts, it was perhaps best expressed by the old Shaolin priest in the Kung Fu television series: "Avoid rather than check; check rather than block; block rather than strike; strike rather than hurt; hurt rather than maim; maim rather than kill—for all life is precious."
Strategically, a block is a wasted move because it does not stop your opponent from attacking again with his free limb. It is much better to move yourself out of the way of his punch or kick and simultaneously counterattack. This way of fighting is reserved for brown belts and above, however, because it requires a higher level of skill to employ correctly and a significant amount of sparring experience to avoid the tendency to allow your feet to stick to the ground during the crisis your brain senses. The no-block principle does not mean blocking plays no part in fighting. If you were standing in a corner with no way out and an assailant charged with a club, you would have to block his attack. That's why Kenpo teaches eight distinct blocking systems, along with dozens of traps, yet they all lead to the same maxim: The best block of all is no block at all.
Yielding and redirecting are best exemplified by the symbol of yin and yang (soft and hard). When your opponent attacks hard, you should counterattack soft. If he is weaker than you or attacks soft, you should counterattack hard to end the encounter quickly and directly.
Aikido includes many techniques that rely on the same principle of yielding and redirecting.
In most karate systems, however, blocking is extremely hard and may injure not only the attacker but also the blocker. For the most part, Kenpo does not adhere to this concept of "a block is a strike." Instead, it teaches you to block soft and strike hard.
Redirecting is also of paramount importance.
Many arts teach their practitioners to use a downward block to stop a front kick, resulting in the dents' hammerfist being slammed into the attacker's instep, but such an impact can break the blocking hand or arm. Kenpo teaches that it is preferable to parry your opponent's leg to the side and spin him off-balance before you counterattack hard. Such a redirecting movement will usually disrupt his balance and leave him vulnerable.
Mobility may be the easiest Kenpo principle to understand. It holds that a moving target is harder to hit than a stationary one. As basic as that sounds, many martial artists fail to implement it.
Kenpo teaches that there are three types of fighters: the statue, who has little mobility and will not retreat; the runner, who has to be chased around the ring; and the steamroller, who just keeps coming at you.
If you are any one of these, be careful because you are predictable and can thus be defeated. To transcend mediocrity, you must mix things up and no matter what, keep moving. If your stance is upright and your movement is good, you will be able to put yourself in a superior position relative to your opponent.
The law of flexibility is the law of survival. Kenpo is unique in that it adapts to your build, personality and spirit. If you stand 4 feet 10 inches tall, it makes little sense for you to focus on kicking when your greatest strengths may be mobility and quickness. If you are a 110-pound woman, it makes little sense for you to grapple with a 230- pound assailant.
The old Kenpo masters showed their wisdom when they proclaimed that in a fight for your life, you should use what you know best and forget about the sanctity of the style. Every practitioner has different attributes that can make him or her effective.
A tall person with long legs may have an advantage with kicking; a short person may have an advantage with his hands; and a heavy person may have an advantage in grappling. The law of flexibility allows them all to develop their own repertoire of techniques from within Kenpo.
The final principle of Kenpo is composed of two essential components: the internal and external. A rabid dog may pose a formidable threat, but it possesses only the external component of the warrior spirit. Inside, the animal is not thinking. To have a complete warrior spirit, you must be ferocious on the outside but calm and tranquil on the inside.
Samurai warriors used to say that any day is a good day to die. That did not mean they sought death. On the contrary, they wanted to preserve life— especially their own. But they knew that if they went into battle with fear in their heart, they could die or sustain a serious injury.
They knew that only by embracing and accepting death could they focus everything on the physical task at hand: defeating the enemy.
Your kiai, facial expressions, stance and on-guard position must all work in unison. Following the principle of yin and yang, you should be hard on the outside and soft on the inside. When used in this way, warrior spirit can be more important than physical skill.
Perhaps the best way to put the 10 laws of Kenpo into practice is to think of them as keys that can unlock the doors of higher learning. Remember that they are not written in stone, as there are exceptions to every rule.


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Attic and Dormer remodeling is a great way to utilize wasted space in the attic or dormer areas of your Auburn Hills home, not typically used by homeowners. Whether you're finishing or remodeling your attic or dormer, it is a great way to increase the value of your home. The unused attic space can be used for an additional bathroom, recreation area, home office space or your own specific desired type of living space. Auburn Hills Remodeling Company, 1Remodeling, specializes in dormer and attic remodeling and finishing, which increases the value and function of your home.
Many Auburn Hills homeowners are finding that there are numerous benefits to remodeling their attics or dormers and making use of the space that is provided. This has brought on a rash of new home improvement projects where people are using the wasted space in the attics and dormers to a new and valuable living space.
Our Auburn Hills remodeling contractors are able to seamlessly work with any small or large attic or dormer remodeling project, providing our clients with optimum results and teamwork throughout the design and remodel process.
To request a free in-home remodeling consultation and estimate, CLICK HERE. For general questions contact us here or call 888.363.0238.
© Copyright 2018 1Remodeling | All Rights Reserved
Home | About Us | Services | Design | Remodeling | Contact Us | Kitchen Remodeling | Bathroom Remodeling | Basement Remodeling | Home Remodeling | Barrier Free | Attic & Dormer Remodeling | Media Rooms | Auburn Hills Remodeling Blog | Site Map | Auburn Hills Michigan

subset: commoncrawl


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Price: $1.43. This price includes the fee so you should send it as "goods & services"/"with buyer protection"!
Please specify the email you want your bundle sent to in the Paypal payment notes, or the bundle will sent to to your Paypal email.
If you have any questions about this group buy, feel free to message me here or via Steam.
Please note that your bundle will be emailed directly to you using IndieGala's gift bundle feature.
Having some trouble with my Paypal account, but the payment should be done now.


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86 Cabby
Use this area for the commercial sales of whole VW/Cabriolet cars. Registration is required to post in this area.
Moderators: kamzcab86, CalAltaDubber
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86 Cabby
http://www.crankyape.com/default.asp?pg ... mber=49957 I found this cabby on a site I visit regularly (longingly wishing I had picked up the BMW M5 I checked out 2 years ago). I have purchased from this company (a camper) and the experience was good.
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The display and use of drug information on this site is subject to express terms of use. By continuing to view the drug information, you agree to abide by such terms of use.
GENERIC NAME: HEXACHLOROPHENE CLEANSER - TOPICAL (HEX-a-KLOR-oh-feen)
BRAND NAME(S): Phisohex, Septisol
Medication Uses | How To Use | Side Effects | Precautions | Drug Interactions | Overdose | Notes | Missed Dose | Storage
USES: This medication is a skin cleanser that kills certain types of bacteria (e.g., staph). It is used to help prevent passing germs to others.
HOW TO USE: Wet hands with water and apply a small amount (about 1 teaspoon or 5 milliliters) on the palm of the hand. Work into a lather with water and wash the affected area with the lather as directed by your doctor. Immediately rinse the area well after washing, especially if washing genital or anal areas.This medication should be used on normal skin only. Do not use on red/broken/cut/irritated/scraped/burned skin. Be careful to avoid your eyes. If contact occurs, flush the eyes well with cool water. Do not use on mucous membranes (inside nose/mouth/vagina/anus/rectum). This cleanser should not be used regularly to wash the entire body, especially in infants and children.Do not leave the medication on the skin. Do not cover the area with plastic or waterproof bandages.For best results, use as directed. Do not use large amounts, use more often, or keep using it for a longer time than directed. Overuse of this product can allow the medication to be absorbed into the body, possibly causing serious side effects.
SIDE EFFECTS: Skin reactions including redness, dryness, and scaling may occur. Long/hard rubbing or exposure to heat or cold may worsen these effects. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur: mental/mood changes (e.g., agitation, extreme sleepiness), skin infection (e.g., warm/red/itchy skin, swelling, pus), stiff muscles, muscle spasms, difficulty moving/walking, seizures.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.In the US -Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before using hexachlorophene, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other halogenated phenols (e.g., chlorocresol, trichlorophenol); or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients (such as lanolin), which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: skin infections/problems (e.g., eczema, psoriasis, dryness, scaling).This medication may make you more sensitive to the sun. Avoid prolonged sun exposure, tanning booths, and sunlamps. Use a sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors.Caution is advised when using this drug in infants and children because they may be more sensitive to the effects of the drug, especially seizures. It should not be used regularly for bathing infants.During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.It is not known whether this drug passes into breast milk and could have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Therefore, breast-feeding is not recommended while using this drug. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: skin products that contain alcohol.This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.
OVERDOSE: This medicine may be harmful if swallowed. If swallowing or overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose/swallowing may include: loss of appetite, vomiting, stomach cramps, diarrhea, and seizures.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.This product may stain porous surfaces and discolor/harm metal surfaces (e.g., stainless steel).
MISSED DOSE: If you miss an application, use it as soon as you remember. Do not use more of this product to catch up.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C) away from light. Keep all medicines away from children and pets. Hexachlorophene is very harmful if swallowed, especially to infants and children. Store in original container to prevent accidental swallowing. Do not pour into other containers (e.g., measuring cups, medicine bottles) that may be mistaken for food or other medication.Hexachlorophene may turn brown when exposed to light for a long time. This does not affect how well it will work. Shake the container well to improve the color.Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.
Information last revised March 2013. Copyright(c) 2013 First Databank, Inc.
SLIDESHOWSee Slideshow
Treatment & Diagnosis
Medications & Supplements
Prevention & Wellness
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.
CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.


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This page contains tools, documents and packages related to the Environmental Footprint scheme.
Environmental Footprint reference packages
The following tables provide the Environmental Footprint reference packages (ILCD-formatted zip packages with reference flow lists, LCIA methods and other related XML Files). The reference packages' content is also available as excel table, and change logs in comparison with previous releases are available.
EF reference package 3.1 (transition phase)
Reference package 3.1: zipped version of the EF reference package DEVELOPED FOR THE EF TRANSITION PHASE, including all the reference files, plus additional documentation, in ILCD structure, to be used as baseline for EF compliant data development.
|EF reference package 3.1
EF reference package spreadsheet: Excel file reporting the most relevant information contained in the zipped files, for Flows, Methods, Characterisation Factors, Unit Groups and Flow Properties.
|EF 3.1 (xlsx spreadsheet)
Change Log: Excel file reporting the difference occurring between the EF 3.0 package and the EF 3.1 Release.
|Change log (xlsx spreadsheet)
Environmental Footprint additional info
For additional info related to EF (supporting information on CF and LCIA methods, normalization and weighting factors, PEF/OEF methods and related annexes, etc.) refer to the EF main page on the EPLCA website.
Guide for EF compliant data sets (NEW VERSION RELEASED - JULY 2020) provides additional guidance, in addition to the ILCD entry-level requirements, in order to develop process data sets, compliant with the Environmental Footprint (EF) requirements. The previous versions of the guide are available here: March 2019 - August 2019.
Here available the templates to document overall changes and core changes in EF Datasets (currently under review at the EF TAB data working group level). Here available the review report template.
Suggestions for the update of the Environmental Footprint Life Cycle Impact Assessment concerning impacts due to resource use, water use, land use, and particulate matter have been discussed in a JRC technical report (available here) and its annexes (available here).


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NAKIVO recognizes that respecting user privacy is of utmost importance. NAKIVO is committed to protecting your privacy and providing you with a positive experience on our website, nakivo.com (the "Site") and in using our Products and services.
This Privacy Policy applies to the NAKIVO website and Products that link to or reference this Privacy Policy and describes the type of information that NAKIVO may collect or that you may provide when you use the NAKIVO website, purchase, download, install, access, or use NAKIVO software products described at the Site ("Products") and provides you information about NAKIVO's privacy and data collection practices.
Please read this policy carefully to understand our policies and practices regarding your information and how we will treat it. If you do not agree with our policies and practices, do not download or use the Product. By downloading, registering with, or using the Product, you agree to this privacy policy.
This policy may change from time to time and such changes are accessible at: https://www.nakivo.com/support/privacy-policy/. Your continued use of the Site and/or the Product after we make changes is deemed to be acceptance of those changes, so please check the policy periodically for updates.
If you have questions or concerns regarding this statement, you should first contact our site coordinator at firstname.lastname@example.com or by postal mail to:
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Sparks, NV USA
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In general, you can visit the Site without telling us who you are or providing any information about yourself. In some areas of the Site, we ask you to provide information that will enable us to process an order, offer services that require registration, assist you with technical support issues or follow up with you. Generally, NAKIVO may request Personal Information when you:
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In these instances, NAKIVO may ask for your name, address, e-mail address, phone number and other appropriate information needed to provide you with these services. In all instances, if you receive a newsletter or other communication from us, you will always be able to "unsubscribe" to these communications at any time.When you download, install, access, or use the Product you may be asked to provide the following identifying Personal Information: account user ID, password and your e-mail. The Product will also automatically collect and send NAKIVO your basic infrastructure data such as the operating system the Product runs on, hypervisors, repositories, VMs in the Product inventory, information on the Product license, Product logs, and other Product-related information.
If you do not want us to collect this information, do not download the Product, or delete it from your device.
If you choose to provide NAKIVO with a third party's Personal information, you represent that you have the third party's permission to do so.
By using NAKIVO's Site and Products or providing any Personal Information to us, you consent to the transfer, processing, and storage of such information, including outside of your country of residence.
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What Others May Do With Your Personal information
NAKIVO does not share, rent, or sell any Personal Information (such as your name or email address) to any outside organization for use in its marketing or solicitations. From time to time NAKIVO may use agents or contractors who will have access to your Personal Information to perform services for NAKIVO (such as database maintenance), however, they are required by us to keep the information confidential and may not use it for any purpose other than to carry out the services for NAKIVO. In addition, NAKIVO may also share aggregate information about its customers to advertisers, business partners, and other third parties. For example, we might share that our users are x percent PC users and y percent Macintosh users. None of this information, however, will contain personal, identifying information about our users. NAKIVO may also disclose information that it collects to comply with any court order, law, or legal process, including to respond to any government or regulatory request, to enforce its rights arising from any contracts entered into between NAKIVO and customers, such as the EULA, and if disclosure is necessary or appropriate to protect the rights, property, or safety of NAKIVO, its customers or others. This includes exchanging information with other companies and organizations for the purposes of fraud protection.
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We intend to protect the Personal Information entrusted to us and treat it securely in accordance with this Privacy Policy. NAKIVO implements physical, administrative, and technical safeguards designed to protect your Personal Information from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. We also contractually require that our partners protect such information from unauthorized access, use, and disclosure. We hold and process only the data absolutely necessary for the completion of our duties (data minimization), as well as limiting access to Personal Information to those needing it to act out the processing.
Your Choices
You can request confirmation as to whether or not Personal Information concerning you is being processed, where and for what purpose. Further, we shall provide a copy of the personal data, free of charge, in an electronic format. If you need additional assistance, or help with accessing, correcting, suppressing, or deleting your Personal Information, please feel free to contact us directly.
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Breach Notification
In the event of a breach, we will notify affected users within 72 hours of first having become aware of the breach.
Data Retention
We only retain the Personal Information collected from a user for as long as the user's account is active or otherwise for a limited period of time as long as we need it to fulfill the purposes for which we have initially collected it, unless otherwise required by applicable law.
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When purchasing products through ourSite, the order form will also ask you to provide a daytime telephone number. However, the telephone number is only used to quickly resolve questions relative to an order, such as to clarify customer email addresses that are inactive or entered incorrectly.
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NAKIVO may from time to time revise its privacy policy. You should therefore periodically visit this page, so you are aware of any such revisions. We will not, however, use your existing information in a manner not previously disclosed. You will be advised and have the opportunity to opt out of any new use of your information.
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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
In September 2010, Mary Forsterwas diagnosed with stage 4 follicular lymphoma. Since then, Forster has been receiving various tests and treatments. Because she has no medical insurance, her family and friends are holding a benefit to help alleviate the increasing costs.
Forster is a mother of three children, two of whom are going into their senior year of high school. She currently works part time at Mike's Deli in the Town of Niagara. She attended LaSalle Senior High and Trott Vocational High and has been a resident of Town of Niagara and Niagara Falls throughout her life.
The benefit will be held from 2 until 8 p.m. on Saturday, Aug. 4, at Niagara Active Hose, 6010 Lockport Road, Town of Niagara.
The entry ticket will include food, pop, entertainment, door prizes, a basket auction and a 50/50 split.
For more information, contact Amanda Forster, her oldest daughter, at 716-998-8088, or [email protected].


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Kindly remembering your pet's legacy…
We believe the love you shared makes a Pet Memorial special. This love becomes infused into the personalized cremation urn, pet grave marker or keepsake you've selected. The memorial piece you've chosen becomes a testament to your family's love and devotion to your cherished pet.
We invite you to browse our online selection of pet urns & memorial products to explore the physical memorials for your cherished pet companion.
Let your heart lead you to a good-bye that gives you the peace you deserve.
Online Pet Memorials
Pet Tales™, our online pet memorial, gives grieving families the unique opportunity to pay tribute to their pet. Our proprietary online system provides unique ways to pay tribute:
- On-line Tribute
- The Lighting of Memorial Candles
- Music
- A Gallery of Treasured Photographic Memories
- Personal Messages of Condolence
- Sharing via Social Media
If a Pet Tales™ online tribute dedicated to the memory of your pet sounds like a wonderful way to pay tribute to their loyal devotion, then please visit Pet Tales on this website.
We can help you to host a pet memorial service or pet funeral that's a fitting expression of the love you shared with your pet. Our experienced staff can assist you in making all the arrangements, please call us today.
To assist you, we have prepared an informative guide which you may downloadA Guide to Planning Ahead
Guiding you through the loss of your pet… because your pet is part of the family.
- Home
- Pet Services
- Why Choose Us
- How to Request our Service
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- Locations
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- Pet Parent Gateway
- Contact
- Franchise Opportunities


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More Categories in Grocery
- Fresh Food
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Submitted by DougGuerra on
In this installment, Alexander Long reads "To John Clare" by John Clare. Long's first two books are Vigil (New Issues Poetry & Prose, 2006) and Light Here, Light There (C & R Press, 2009). With Christopher Buckley, he is co-editor of A Condition of the Spirit: The Life & Work of Larry Levis (Eastern Washington University Press, 2004). His work has appeared or is forthcoming in AGNI, The American Poetry Review, American Writers, Blackbird, Callaloo, and The Southern Review, among others. An assistant professor of English at John Jay College, Long also plays bass and writes songs with the band Redhead Betty Takeout.
John Clare, "To John Clare"
Well, honest John, how fare you now at home?
The spring is come, and birds are building nests;
The old cock-robin to the sty is come,
With olive feathers and its ruddy breast;
And the old cock, with wattles and red comb,
Struts with the hens, and seems to like some best,
Then crows, and looks about for little crumbs,
Swept out by little folks an hour ago;
The pigs sleep in the sty; the bookman comes-
The little boys lets home-closing nesting go,
And pockets tops and taws, where daisies bloom,
To look at the new number just laid down,
With lots of pictures, and good stories too,
And Jack the Giant-killer's high renown.


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Attendees - Evening Poster Session
San Diego, CA - AAS 2016 - Attendees during the Evening Poster Session at the American Astronomical Society's 228th meeting at the Hilton San Diego Bayfront hotel in June 2016, Tuesday June 14, 2016. The AAS, established in 1899 and based in Washington, DC, is the major organization of professional astronomers in North America. More than 650 astronomers, educators, industry representatives, and journalists are spending the week in San Diego to discuss the latest findings from across the universe. Photo by Michael Owen Baker, © 2016 American Astronomical Society.
Attendees Evening Poster Session AAS 2016
From Tuesday Poster Session


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By Chelsey P. – Sonic Electronix Writer
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[Warning: This story contains major spoilers from Monday's season finale of The Blacklist. Read at your own risk!] Red Reddington's past misdeeds have come back to haunt him, but it wasn't the notorious criminal who paid the ultimate price in the season finale of The Blacklist. With a ragtag cadre of criminals loose in New York City after the prison plane crash-landed, the FBI has no other choice but to let Red (James Spader) escape so he can help track down the mysterious Berlin, the person who has been trying to destroy Red's life piece by piece. But Berlin isn't just going after Red; he also wants to make the entire task force pay. Red's warning comes too late for...
[Warning: This story contains major spoilers from Monday's season finale of The Blacklist. Read at your own risk!]
Red Reddington's past misdeeds have come back to haunt him, but it wasn't the notorious criminal who paid the ultimate price in the season finale of The Blacklist.
With a ragtag cadre of criminals loose in New York City after the prison plane crash-landed, the FBI has no other choice but to let Red (James Spader) escape so he can help track down the mysterious Berlin, the person who has been trying to destroy Red's life piece by piece. But Berlin isn't just going after Red; he also wants to make the entire task force pay. Red's warning comes too late for Meera (Parminder Nagra), whose throat is slit by the same man who puts Cooper (Harry Lennix) in a coma.
Apparently, back in 2010, Red took everything away from a man who claims he's Berlin (Andrew Howard). But Red knows that he's been targeted by his Berlin for much longer than four years. So who is the real Berlin? By process of elimination, the culprit has to be the only remaining person left from the plane, a supposed "guard" whose arm was chopped off in the criminals' bid to escape. The real Berlin, played by Prison Break's Peter Stormare, seeks revenge on Red for allegedly chopping up his daughter into a tiny pieces and then sending them to Berlin while he was in prison.
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The finale also provided a few answers about Liz (Megan Boone) ending up in the care of her adoptive father Sam (William Sadler), who Red admits that he killed to keep Liz from learning the true identity of her father. Her imposter husband Tom (Ryan Eggold) reveals that her father is actually still alive before he himself is shot by Liz. It's possible that he's dead, but the police never find his body. The truth is that whoever left Liz in Sam's care after her father perished in that fire had to go on the run because he was in danger. Could Red, who swears to Liz that her father is indeed dead, be the man who left Liz with Sam? Red's back was covered in burn scars, after all! TVGuide.com turned to Blacklist creator Jon Bokenkamp to get the scoop on Season 2:
What came with the decision to kill off Meera?
Jon Bokenkamp: It was a super hard decision. I love all of our cast. It was a bit of a game of roulette in the writers' room in terms of how that was going to fall. In one moment it was more than just Meera. We actually had three people on the block at one point. But an audience gets to know the characters on the show, and we didn't want to start over completely fresh like it was a completely different show, so Cooper gets to move his thumb at the end and hopefully survive. Parminder's been amazing. She's an old pro. She's done television for many years. She's been great on the show, so it's going to be really hard to lose her. Hopefully that will open us up to new possibilities.
I was going to ask how her death changes the dynamic of the group, but there is no group now that the task force was decommissioned. What does that mean for them moving forward?
Bokenkamp: It's going to have to be some sort of shift in the paradigm. The heart of the show is the template that we do week to week and I'd be lying if we didn't hope to get back to that in some way. It's like when Red came in during the second episode and introduced Dembe (Hisham Tawfiq) and Luli (Deborah S. Craig) and that changed the dynamic of what the group was. The task force had to put up with these two criminals. It's that kind of shift. We'll see if that means the show moves physically to somewhere else or if that means we have a new complexion to what the group is. It will definitely have a ripple effect in how we move forward.
Should we assume that Cooper will likely survive?
Bokenkamp: The movement and flicker of life that Ressler (Diego Klattenhoff) saw in that last montage is certainly hope. It's a show that surprises me about how dark it is. But I think that was a hopeful sign for Cooper. Him surviving in any capacity would have a real emotional impact, especially on Ressler, who we leave sitting there alone in the room. He's one of the only people who has survived this. I'd say there's hope, but God knows what might happen over the next few months as we try to figure this out.
We learned that a lot of the Blacklisters ended up being connected. Will you go back to more standalone episodes in Season 2 or does the introduction of Berlin provide an opportunity to go more serialized?
Bokenkamp: I don't think we'll be more serialized. At times, we maybe got a little more serialized than we would've liked. We will always have a Blacklister-of-the-week. The serialized story that we will continue to tell won't be the story of a woman who is living with a husband who is a complete imposter. That story of Tom and Liz and their marriage is over. The framework of the show, to an extent, has shifted. The cases were connected, but not all of them. Red was using the cases to smoke out Berlin, but in the same way that he's using them to identify Berlin, he may have other agendas. I don't want to give the impression that they're all connected just to that.
NBC's Fall 2014 Schedule: The Blacklist is on the move, no Parks and Recreation
So will Berlin be the big bad of Season 2? And does that mean Peter Stormare will return in a bigger capacity?
Bokenkamp: Yeah, we hope so. The Berlin-Red story is one that I think is interesting simply because Red is still operating in the dark to an extent, in terms of what he's done to this man and why he's after him. The questions that he asked the character played by Andrew Howard in the end all still remain. He doesn't know exactly what he's done to this man. We see him looking at the photo of the woman at the end of the episode, so I think he has suspicions of who Berlin is, but there are a lot of questions out there. It's going to be fun to get to know Peter Stormare's character and understand their relationship and how they're connected.
Is it safe to assume that Red is the man that killed Berlin's daughter?
Bokenkamp: I don't know that we should assume that. That's what Berlin assumes. That's likely the case, but one of the things that we like doing with our storytelling is giving an answer, but still having another way to approach that answer. There's a story that Berlin believes and one that Red believes, but it may be more complex than that.
Liz has decided to leave with Red. What's her motivation: Because she seeks answers or because there is nothing left for her there?
Bokenkamp: I think it's a little of both. She's in a place where her world has imploded. The world that she knew in the pilot with a husband, a cute apartment, a dog and the first day on the job is gone. She has many questions. She trusts Red to the extent that he's trying to help her, whether he has his own agenda or what his ultimate goal is. She knows there are truths that he has, which was proven by the story of Tom. If he was right about Tom, what else does he know about who she is versus what she believes herself to be? She was given the name Elizabeth by her adoptive father. She became Elizabeth Keen when she married Tom. She's not really Elizabeth or Keen, so her identity and what she wants to become is going to be one of the most exciting things about Season 2.
Tom said that Liz's father is still alive, but Red insists he's dead. Is Red part of a cover up or does Red really think he's dead?
Bokenkamp: What I do not believe is that Red is lying to Liz. The things he's told her about her father he believes to be true and thus are true, but that doesn't necessarily mean those in the writers' room believe them to be true. It's safe to believe that what he told her on the steps was the truth so far as he knows.
Fall TV Scorecard: Find out what's renewed and what's canceled
Tom appeared to be dead, but then the police didn't find his body. Will he be back next season?
Bokenkamp: I hope so. Honestly, that's one thing that I'm not entirely sure how he will or may or could even weave into her life because it does feel like such a conclusion that this man entered her life, had a role to play and he's now gone. That said, I loved the character and I love Ryan. There's something really compelling about the stories that we've been able to tell with him. I'm hoping we can surprise ourselves with that.
Red is covered in burn scars, so clearly he was in that same fire that apparently claimed the life of Liz's father. Could he be related to her in some other way?
Bokenkamp: It's safe to say that he is connected to her past in some deeply emotional way. Either that, or maybe he was a firefighter in another life. [Laughs] They both have an understanding of [the mythology between them], but don't really have the whole picture. Like Red says at the end of the finale, "You can choose this and confront it or you can hide from it." She's part of the story now and she really doesn't have much of a choice other than to go forward.
What's the best theory you've heard about how Red is connected to Liz?
Bokenkamp: We've heard everything from she's a cyborg to Berlin is her father to Tom is Red's father. It's pretty wild when you go fishing in the comments' section of various websites. It can make for a good night.
Do you know the ultimate answer to that or has it changed as the show has evolved?
Bokenkamp: I definitely have one particular thing in mind and I've shared that with James and [executive producers] John Eisendrath and John Fox. We have a solid landscape that we're working in. That said, James has said before: When you're hoping for something to be on air for years, you really have to be open to change and open to listening to the story. I would be lying if I said we have absolutely everything figured out because that's part of the joy of it.
What did you think of The Blacklist finale? Were you surprised Meera died? How do you think Red is connected to Liz? Hit the comments!
The Blacklist returns to NBC this fall.


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"Whom He Also Named Apostles": A Textual and Narrative-Critical Solution to Mark 3.14
*Editor's note: Chris Skinner earned his Th.M. from Dallas Theological Seminary. He was one of my interns there, and a great student of the scriptures. He is currently working on his Ph.D. in New Testament at Catholic University in Washington, D.C. and is Associate Pastor of Perry Hall Baptist Church in Baltimore, Maryland. Chris would like any feedback on this essay that you would like to offer, in particular any areas where you think the argument could be strengthened.
Daniel B. Wallace, 22 January 2003
I. Introduction
The textual reading of Mark 3:14 in Nestle-Aland's 27th edition of the Greek NT contains the phrase οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν placed in square brackets to indicate the "balance of probabilities" posited by the editorial committee.1 While many modern English translations are split over the insertion of this phrase, the majority of modern commentators on the Second Gospel have been decidedly in favor of its omission.2 Such a wide disparity among committees and commentators intimately acquainted with the nuances of NT textual criticism reflects the difficulties raised by the evidence for this verse and its various readings. There are a number of factors involved in evaluating this textual problem and the present study does not purport to offer the final word on the discussion. However, there does appear to be an acceptable solution to this problem that incorporates both textual and narrative-critical issues. This "two-pronged" approach to solving the textual problem in 3:14 is the focus of this short study.
II. External Evidence
The witnesses attesting to the bracketed textual reading in Mark 3:14 are B C* Θ f13 28 pc syhmg co. Some of the earliest and highest quality manuscripts are contained in this list. On the contrary, neither of the variant readings enjoys such widespread or such early manuscript support. The phrase is completely omitted by A C2 (D) L f1 33 latt sy sams and is placed after ἵνα ὧσιν μετ' αὐτοῦ in W (Δ). Standing alone, the external evidence for the textual reading is practically insurmountable—a point almost conceded by the UBS committee.3 Not only is the NA27 reading attested to by a combination of some of the earliest and best witnesses, but the occurrence of the disputed phrase in W (late 4th/early 5th century) further bolsters a claim to the authenticity of the phrase on the grounds of early attestation. Thus, the external evidence points strongly in the direction of the bracketed textual reading. However, reliance upon external evidence alone does not represent the most balanced approach to an evaluation of this or any other textual issue.4 Therefore an examination of internal criteria is necessary to tip the scales in favor of one reading or another.
III. Internal Evidence
The primary contention of those who dispute the authenticity of the NA27 reading is that the phrase containing ἀποστόλους—a prominent term in only Luke-Acts and Paul—may have been introduced into the Markan narrative by way of Lucan influence (cf. Luke 6:13).5 That Mark consistently refers to the disciples as οἱ μαθηταί and as οἱ δώδεκα, rather than οἱ ἀπόστολοι is held to be implicit support for this assertion.6 Thus, as the argument goes, the transcriptional probability favors the reading that omits the term and that variant must then be regarded as the earlier reading. Taken at face value, this point appears to provide internal evidence with the strength to rival that of the external attestation, and creates a conflict between the two sets of evidence that begs for resolution. At this point, one must either proceed with the external evidence as the starting point, or acquiesce to the argument for interpolation.
Since the external evidence is weighty, it would be risky to disregard it at the outset. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with the claim of interpolation on internal grounds by (1) accounting for the term ἀπόστολος in the Markan narrative; and (2) explaining the nature of the omission in the other manuscripts. This will either bolster the argument for interpolation or effectively overturn the idea that the omission of the phrase reflects the earlier reading.
First, the argument for Lucan interpolation is significantly weakened in light of the fact that the disciples are explicitly referred to as οἱ ἀπόστολοι in Mark 6:30.7 This is the only other occurrence of ἀπόστολος in Mark and while its presence in the narrative is problematic for an overall discussion of the disciples in Mark's Gospel, this undisputed reading in 6:30 sets a clear precedent for Markan usage of the term.8 Therefore, it is incorrect to flatly claim that Mark has no conception of "apostle"—however it is to be understood and however meager the evidence for it might be.9 The recognition of this fact casts serious doubt upon the assertion that the term must have been introduced under Lucan influence in 3:14. In fact, it seems possible that the disputed phrase was first used by Mark and then brought over into Luke during the composition of the Lucan narrative. Therefore, there is no reason to strictly assume the introduction of the term into the text by way of Lucan influence in light of the indisputable proof of its use in Mark 6:30.
Second, in evaluating the internal evidence, there is more here than meets the eye. The phrase καὶ ἐποίησεν δώδεκα is found in 3:14 and 3:16.10 It is notable that the majority of witnesses omitting the disputed phrase in v. 14 also omit the second occurrence of καὶ ἐποίησεν δώδεκα in v. 16.11 Second, the term ἀποστέλλῃ also appears in the final phrase of 3:14. The appearance of this repeated phrase (καὶ ἐποίησεν [τοὺς] δώδεκα) along with these two cognate terms (ἀποστόλους /ἀποστέλλῃ) all in such close proximity to one another would likely have been problematic for a copyist. There is the possibility then that parablepsis occurred resulting in scribal omission of both phrases in the weaker manuscripts.12 This would account for the rise of the omission and accords well with the weightiness of the external attestation for the NA27 reading.
Another point in support of the textual reading is the well-documented tendency of both Sinaiticus and Vaticanus to abbreviate rather than conflate. This is not infallible but is certainly an established rule of thumb to remember when approaching these two great uncials. In light of this tendency in both manuscripts, and in light of their agreement in attesting to the inclusion of the disputed phrase, the claim to an original shorter reading becomes even more difficult to maintain. Therefore, the bracketed textual reading stands out.
There is then, overwhelming external evidence in favor of the bracketed textual reading as well as a plausible answer on internal grounds for the rise of the variant which omits the disputed phrase. Before offering a final conclusion, there is one more internal issue that needs to be addressed. The intrinsic probability also strongly favors the NA27 reading but this can only be introduced in the context of an exegetical and narrative-critical discussion of the passage in question. It is to this area that we now turn.
IV. Exegetical Evidence
Discipleship is one of the more prominent themes in the Second Gospel and "the twelve" are often the vehicle for communicating the evangelist's theology of the role and function of discipleship. At the narrative level, 3:13-19 is—along with 6:6b-30—a critical text for understanding the nature of discipleship within Mark. These texts constitute a set of bookends that picture the appointment of the twelve (3:13-19) and the consummation of their ministry (6:6b-30) in the overall context of the Gospel. Also, in these passages there exists both a disputed (3:14) and an undisputed example (6:30) of the term ἀπόστολος—the only two such occurrences in the Gospel of Mark. It is necessary then, to demonstrate the relation of these texts in order to show the linking of concepts and the exegetically significant use of the term ἀπόστολοςin both texts. This helps to further establish the authenticity of the textual reading on internal grounds.
According to 3:14, there was a dual purpose in Jesus' appointment of the twelve. Jesus appointed them ἵνα ωσιν μετ' αὐτοῦ but also ἵνα ἀποστέλλῃ αὐτοὺς κηρύσσειν καὶ ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν ἐκβάλλειν τὰ δαιμόνια.13 The twelve are thus observers of Jesus' ministry from 3:20-6:6a and are participants in that ministry from 6:6b-30.14 After 6:30, the twelve are never again explicitly associated with the message of Jesus in the course of the gospel. This serves as a tacit reminder to the astute reader of the ongoing incomprehension of the twelve.
Between these two units there is the hope, the glorious success and ultimately, the failure of the disciples in the ministry to which they have been entrusted. Mark 3:13-19 represents the promise and the potential of the twelve, as they are hand picked by Jesus according to his two specific purposes. Mark 6:6b-30 represents the carrying out of that ministry by the disciples—"sandwiched" with the Baptist's death—which culminates in a demonstration of the spiritual dullness of the twelve. This key Markan theme of failure rears its head once again in 6:30, in the disciples' response after their ministry success: "the apostles came to Jesus and reported to him all that they had done and all that they had taught."15 After having been μετ' αὐτοῦ and after ministering by his authority, they have experienced great success, but have failed because they have taken credit for accomplishments that were brought about by an authority that was merely on loan from Jesus.
With the relation of these texts in exegetical and theological perspective, there are at least three clear internal links connecting these two pericopae. First, both sections begin with summary statements (3:7-12 and 6:6b) that are followed by material relating directly to the mission of the disciples (3:13-19 and 6:7-12, 30).16 Second, the term προσκαλέω is used in 3:13 and in 6:7 to indicate the summoning of the disciples by Jesus—each time at the outset of the pericope. In the former passage Jesus summons them for the first time, appointing them for special ministerial purposes. In the latter passage, he summons them that they might finally carry out the ministry to which they had previously been appointed. These two links are important for developing an appreciation for the relation between these pericopae, but it is ultimately the lexical linking of the noun ἀπόστολος and its verbal cognate in both texts that helps to bolster the above text-critical conclusions.
Assuming the authenticity of the bracketed textual reading, there is a lexical link created by two corresponding halves of an inverted symmetrical structure that binds the pericopae:
[A] οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν (TITLE – the twelve are named apostles; 3:14)
[B] ἵνα ἀποστέλλῃ αὐτοὺς κηρύσσειν (ACTIVITY – with the purpose of being sent; 3:14)
[B] καὶ ἤρξατο αὐτοὺς ἀποστέλλειν (ACTIVITY – the twelve are sent; 6:7)
[A] καὶ συνάγονται οἱ ἀπόστολοι (TITLE – the apostles return; 6:30)
There is here a quasi-chiastic pattern where four cognate terms are used in reference to the twelve and their ministry activity. This pattern begins with a titular form followed directly by a verbal form (both in 3:14). This verse serves as an introduction to the twelve as "apostles" who will eventually be "sent" to minister. The corresponding passage reverses the previous pattern with a verbal form (6:7) followed by the titular form (6:30). This text pictures the "apostles" returning from the ministry after having been "sent." The inclusion created by this pattern serves to further highlight the thematic symmetry already at work in the two passages and depicts both the beginning and the end of the disciples' ministerial career within the Second Gospel. Not only does this pattern reveal the narrative artistry of the evangelist, but more importantly, it provides internal support for the intrinsic probability of the reading bracketed in NA27.
V. Conclusion
It is clear from the history of the discussion on this textual issue that one set of data is not enough to solve the problem. It has been established here that: (1) there is strong external evidence in favor of the NA27 reading; (2) there are several plausible explanations of the internal evidence and a more than reasonable solution for the rise of the variant on internal grounds; and (3) exegetically, there are several critical links between the text containing the disputed use of the term ἀπόστολος (3:13-19), and the text containing the undisputed use of the term (6:6b-30)—a fact which lends support to the intrinsic probability that the bracketed textual reading is authentic. The most notable feature is the inverted structure that connects the two pericopae, creates thematic inclusion and pictures both the beginning and end of the ministerial career of the twelve within Mark.
The combination of this evidence goes a long way toward resolving this difficult textual problem. When everything is considered, the preponderance of the evidence in this case suggests that the textual reading οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν is the earlier reading and is probably authentic.
1 Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, 2d. ed. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1994), 69.
2 Translations that omit the phrase include KJV, ASV, RSV, NKJV, JB and NASB. Conversely, the NRSV, NAB, TEV, CEV, NIV, NLT, ESV and NET Bible all retain the phrase. Among the vast majority of commentators who reject the phrase are: C. E. B. Cranfield, The Gospel according to Saint Mark (CGTC; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959), 127; R. T. France, The Gospel of Mark (NIGTC; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002), 247; Joachim Gnilka, Das Evangelium nach Markus, 5th ed., (EKKNT II; Zurich/Neukirchen/Vluyn: Beniger/Neukirchener, 1998), 139 n:18; Morna D. Hooker, The Gospel according to Saint Mark (BNTC 2; Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1991), 111; M.-J. Lagrange, Evangile selon Saint Marc (Etudes Bibliques; Paris: Gabalda, 1920); 58; William L. Lane, The Gospel of Mark (NICNT; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974), 131 n. 41; Simon Legasse, L'Evangile de Marc (Lectio Divina Commentaires 5; Paris: Les Editions Du Cerf, 1997); 1:229; Ernst Lohmeyer, Das Evangelium des Markus, 17th ed., (Meyers Kommentar; Gttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1967), 74; Joel Marcus, Mark 1-8 (AB 27; New York: Doubleday, 2000), 263; Francis J. Moloney, The Gospel of Mark: A Commentary (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2002), 77, 120-21; D. E. Nineham, The Gospel of St. Mark (Pelican Gospel Commentaries; New York: Seabury, 1963), 116; Rudolf Pesch, Das Markusevangelium (HTKNT: Freibourg, Basel and Wien: Herder, 1976, 1977), 1:203 note a; Vincent Taylor, The Gospel according to St. Mark, 2d. ed. (London: Macmillan, 1966), 230. Cf. also John P. Meier, "The Circle of the Twelve: Did it Exist During Jesus Public Ministry?" JBL 116 (1997): 638, 639 n. 11. Dissenting from the majority are James R. Edwards, The Gospel according to Mark (PNTC; Grand Rapids: 2002), 111-12, 113 n. 6; Robert A. Guelich, Mark 1-8:26 (WBC 34a; Dallas: Word, 1989), 154, note a; Robert H. Gundry, Mark: A Commentary on His Apology for the Cross (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993), 164; Dieter Lührmann, Das Markusevangelium (HNT 3; Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, 1987), 71; and Ben Witherington III, The Gospel of Mark: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000), 146.
3 "Although the words οὓς... ὠνόμασεν may be regarded as an interpolation from Luke (6:13), the Committee was of the opinion that the external evidence is too strong in their favor to warrant their ejection from the text" (Metzger, Textual Commentary, 69).
4 Much current text-critical methodology leads exegetes to consistently side with readings where there is agreement between א and B, apart from a consideration of other factors. While the agreement between these two great uncials is weighty, there are clear examples of passages where together, they do not preserve the best or earliest reading. A prime example of this is Rom 8:35 where both uncials read θεοῦ. Though the two agree, that reading is almost universally regarded as a scribal change from χριστοῦ in order to create agreement with Rom 8:39 (cf. Metzger, Textual Commentary, 458). Thus, the weight of these two uncials should always be tempered with a consideration of other factors, both external and internal. Other notable examples where agreement between these two uncials likely reflects a later development are Matt 27:16-17; Mark 1:27; 12:23; 14:68; Luke 18:24; and Phil 1:14.
5 Metzger, Textual Commentary, 69. See also Gnilka, Markus, 139; Hooker, Saint Mark, 111; Marcus, Mark 1-8, 263; Moloney, Mark, 77 n:11; Taylor, St. Mark, 230; and Meier, "The Circle of the Twelve," 639 n:11.
6 Mark uses the term μαθητής 52 times when referring to all or part of Jesus' inner circle of disciples. See 2:15, 15, 23; 3:7, 9, 20; 4:34, 35, 38, 40; 5:31, 40; 6:1, 35, 41, 43, 48; 7:2, 5, 17; 8:1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14, 27, 33, 34; 9:14, 18, 28, 31; 10:10, 13, 23, 24, 26, 32, 46; 11:1, 14; 12:43; 13:1; 14:12, 14, 16, 22, 32, 37; 16:7. The term δώδεκα ?is used twelve times in referring to Jesus' disciples. See 3:14, 16; 4:10; 6:7, 43; 9:35; 10:32; 11:11; 14:10, 17, 20, 43.
7 To be sure, the use of the term is problematic for an overall discussion of discipleship in Markan theology. Discipleship is one of the major themes in Mark—as attested to by the sheer volume of material written on the subject—and any discussion of this topic must include the use of the term in 6:30 (even though it is not found anywhere else in Mark except in the present text under discussion).
8 Some commentators attempt to get around this by suggesting that the occurrence of the titular form in 6:30 is used solely for the purpose of creating inclusion with the verbal form in 6:7 (cf. e.g., Moloney, Mark, 119).
9 Contra Gnilka, Markus, 139 n:18.
10 The second occurrence of the phrase in v. 16 is καὶ ἐποίησεν τοὺς δώδεκα.
11 See especially A C2 D L f1 33 .
12 Regarding this internal evidence, a text-critical note in the first beta version of the NET Bible reads: "It is possible, given this close range of two verses, that a scribe's eye could skip down to 'he appointed twelve' in v. 16 and cause him to miss the words 'whom he named apostles' in v. 14. Another factor which might increase this likelihood is the presence of ἀποστόλους here and ἀποστελλῆ [sic] in the next verse. The text would still read sensibly if a ms omitted both 'whom he named apostles' in v. 14 and 'he appointed twelve' in v. 16. Thus, the possibility of parablepsis arising from homoioarcton is likely" (The NET Bible, Biblical Studies Press, 2001, 1797-98). While this is certainly an attractive argument in favor of the position taken here, the manuscript evidence does not support the claim of homoioarcton. In support of this claim, we would expect at least one manuscript to completely omit all of v. 15, but there is apparently no manuscript that does so. [Editor's note: the tc note in the NET Bible has been corrected here; indeed, the entire note has been reworked in light of Chris Skinner's essay.]
13 There are two things being appointed here, each designated by a ἵνα clause. The first thing to which the disciples are appointed is that they might be "with him." It is here that they receive the authority to minister. The second thing to which they have been appointed is that they might minister by his authority. Therefore, the second and third activities pictured here and connected by kai both fall under the general category introduced by the second ἵνα clause.
14 A growing number of recent commentators regard Mark 6:6b-30 as an intercalation or "Markan sandwich" passage. Cf. for instance, J. R. Donahue, Are You the Christ? The Trial Narrative in the Gospel of Mark (SBLDS 10: Missoula: Society of Biblical Literature, 1973), 54; James R. Edwards, "Markan Sandwiches: The Significance of Interpolations in Markan Narratives," NovT 31 (1989): 198, 205-06; H. C. Kee, Community of the New Age: Studies in Mark's Gospel (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1977), 54; Frank Kermode, The Genesis of Secrecy: On the Interpretation of Narrative (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), 128-31; Robert M. Fowler, Loaves and Fishes: The Function of the Feeding Stories in the Gospel of Mark (SBLDS 54; Chico: Scholars, 1981), 114-32; Francis J. Moloney, "Mark 6:6b-30: Mission, the Baptist, and Failure" CBQ (2001): 647-50; Tom Shepherd, "The Narrative Function of Markan Intercalation," NTS 41 (1995): 522-23, 527, 530, 534. Whether 6:6b-30 be regarded as an intercalation or not, the exegete must ultimately reckon with the fact the ministry of the disciples in 6:7-13 remains unresolved until 6:30.
15 There are three elements of this passage that support this picture of self-exaltation among the twelve. First, the verb ἀπαγέλλω is a strong verb typically used in contexts of public revelation. Second, while personal pronouns that would bolster this reading are conspicuously absent from the text, there is a double use of the relative pronoun ὅσα. Mark uses the relative pronoun at least four other times in the Gospel to make a clarifying point (2:26; 6:16; 13:20; 15:12). Therefore, there is good precedent for an understanding of its double use in this verse as making a clarifying point about the self-exaltation of the twelve. Third, the incomprehension of the twelve in the overall context of the Gospel easily lends itself to such a reading (not to mention, this "failure" occurs against the contrastive backdrop of the faithfulness of John the Baptist unto death). For a helpful exposition of several aspects of this reading, cf. Moloney, "Mark 6:6b-30: Mission, the Baptist, and Failure," 660-61.
16 This pattern is widely recognized in the recent English commentary tradition. Cf. Edwards, Mark, 176; France, Mark, 245-46; Hooker, Saint Mark, 154; Marcus, Mark 1-8, 381; Moloney, Mark, 116.
Related Topics: Textual Criticism


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By BRUCE SHIPKOWSKI and GEOFF MULVIHILL
Associated Press
EWING, N.J. (AP) — A day after a gas leak and subsequent explosion devastated a suburban town house development, killing one woman and injuring seven workers, investigators shifted their focus Wednesday to pinpointing the cause, identifying the victim and securing the area so displaced residents could return.
At least 55 units in the complex in a Trenton suburb were damaged in the Tuesday afternoon blast, police said, including about 10 that were destroyed. One neighbor said it was like a bomb had gone off.
Late in the day, after authorities thought the blast had not caused any fatalities, the body of a woman was discovered on a car near the site of the explosion. Officials are awaiting an autopsy for a positive ID and cause of death, said Lt. Ron Lunetta. No one else was believed to be missing, he said.
It was not clear if the woman who was killed was inside or outside a residence when the explosion occurred.
Ewing police stayed at the site overnight to secure the area, but darkness and the large amount of debris hampered their ability to investigate.
Authorities said a majority of the displaced residents would not be able to go home until Wednesday morning at the earliest. Some were being sheltered at a fire house, while others were staying with family and friends.
Officials planned a news conference for Wednesday morning at Ewing Town Hall to provide updates.
The events leading to the explosion began with a contractor working to replace electric service to the house that later blew up, officials from the utility PSE&G said. Around noon, the utility got a call that the contractor had damaged a gas line.
Crews were repairing the line about an hour later when, PSE&G spokeswoman Lindsey Puliti said, "there was an ignition."
The force from the explosion buckled windows in an apartment complex nearby, said resident Marsha Brown, and pictures fell from her walls.
"It felt like a bomb," she said.
She ran to the town house complex, saw a home engulfed in flames and two utility workers on the lawn with injuries that apparently included broken bones. She said she saw another worker on a sidewalk crying, being held by a woman.
At least one home was reduced to a blackened pile of rubble, and others had damage, including windows that were blown out. Debris was widely scattered, with insulation hanging in some tree branches.
"My body was shaking. I like to say I am calm, but I was shaking," said Brown, who had a day off from her job as an infant hearing screener at a hospital. "You could feel the flames, everything."
A resident of the complex, Bryan Gentry, drove home minutes after he heard an explosion and as he got closer, saw a black smoke cloud. The fire was intensely hot, he said, and he saw one person walking away from the fire who appeared to be stunned.
"It was just unreal," he said.
The seven people injured were all utility workers, authorities said. Just three of those victims, all close to the blast, had to be hospitalized and none of those injuries was considered life-threatening, said Dr. Louis D'Amelio, trauma chief at Capital Regional Medical Center in Trenton. They included concussions, broken bones and minor shrapnel wounds, he said.
Normally during that time of day, most people in the neighborhood are at work and their children are at school, Gentry said.
Though the damage to the pipeline caused a gas leak that could lead to an explosion, the pipeline itself did not explode, a spokesman for the utility said.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Shot for a Tulip? Say NO to Cayuga Heights NY's deer-killing plan
Shot for a Tulip? Say NO to Cayuga Heights NY's deer-killing plan
Why this petition matters
UPDATE: The Cayuga Heights trustees unanimously approved their deer killing plan in a sneak vote on April 4, 2011, despite overwhelmingly evidence presented by national experts in the fields of Lyme disease, forest ecology and veterinary science refuting the basis of their proposal. A court injunction delayed the killing for a year. However, the legal challenge was ultimately unsuccessful. So now the Cayuga Heights government plans to begin killing deer in December of 2012. There is still time to stop this tragedy from happening, which is why we need you to sign and propagate this petition as widely as possible. Thank you for your help!
On January 9, 2012, they changed the firearms law so that shooting could be carried out by contractors in the village's residential neighborhoods, in proximity to family homes.
On January 6, a temporary injunction was granted by the NY State Court of Appeals to stop the program from moving forward until the appeal is ruled upon. So, right now, this injunction is all that stands in the way of the mass-slaughter.
Your help is needed now, more than ever!
Please consider contributing to the Deer Legal Fund, PO Box 404, Ithaca, NY 14851. Please also continue to urge others to sign this petition, before it's too late.
Get the latest news and updates at cayugadeer.org
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cayuga Heights -- a village embedded within the larger community of Ithaca, New York -- has been said to have the most Ph.D's per capita of any municipality in America. Yet the Village Board has just approved a dangerous, immoral, and frankly bizarre plan that calls for every single deer in the village to be either violated or killed. It seems these human-habituated animals' appetite for tulips, heirloom tomatoes, and ornamental shrubbery has, in the minds of the mayor and trustees, created a situation so dire and unacceptable, that action of the most extreme sort is not only justified, but urgently required.
The first phase of their plan involves capturing 20 female deer, surgically sterilizing them, then puncturing their ears with numbered tags and encumbering their necks with radio collars. These are the "lucky" individuals. The intended fate of every other deer in Cayuga Heights, including pregnant does and fawns, is to be shot dead at bait sites at undisclosed locations and times. This annually performed massacre will be carried out by out-of-town contractors who earn their living exterminating wildlife.
The ethical grotesquery of this plan appears to be lost on those who conceived it, who seem to be oblivious to the mental and emotional torture that will be experienced by the few deer chosen to survive, not to mention the many people who care about these gentle animals. Year after year, deer in and around Cayuga Heights will be lured by piles of corn into the kill zone, and those marked for survival will watch as their herd mates are brutally killed right in front of them. Were such a sadistic policy to be carried out against dogs or cats, or horses, an outraged crowd would spontaneously rise up to stop it. But the deer, ironically, because they live free of direct human control and are no individual's private property, are somehow seen as unworthy of moral consideration.
After just one meeting where the public had an opportunity to offer public feedback on the proposal, the village trustees voted to BAN ALL PUBLIC COMMENT about their controversial deer-killing plan during the 60 day period in which they would be discussing and voting on it. Since those of us who were attempting to be a voice for the voiceless were silenced ourselves, we asked people around the world to contact these legislators and demand that they let voices on all sides of the issue be heard, and that they adopt proven, non-violent alternatives to the outrageous killing plan being proposed. Thanks to the hundreds of people who immediately signed this petition, triggering emails to be sent to the respective decision-makers, the trustees at their next meeting decided to reverse their ban on public comments about deer. However, they still went ahead and approved their irrational, immoral, and unnecessary deer-killing program. At their January 9, 2012 meeting, despite a packed room of people opposing the shooting plan, the trustees voted unanimously to change Village laws and allow shooting in neighborhood yards, near family homes. This was the last obstacle in the way of their sentencing the deer of Cayuga Heights to an Orwellian fate. Thankfully, a legal challenge that is in the works resulted in an injunction that will prohibit the program from moving forward until the case is ruled upon by NY State's Court of Appeals.
Do we really want to live in a society where bureaucrats meet behind closed doors to arbitrarily decide how many of each species are allowed to live, then send technicians out to mark the few chosen to survive as ornamental reminders of a bygone era, doomed to move among us as freaks festooned with the trappings of their utter domination by humans? Do we want to cover the eyes and ears of our children as unsuspecting animals are methodically executed in our neighbors' backyards?
There are many people in and around Cayuga Heights who, through wise plant choices, and skillful use of fencing and deer repellents, enjoy beautiful gardens without causing harm to anyone. Mass killing and extreme control of the area's indigenous wildlife is neither necessary, nor ethical, nor safe. And if it is scientific at all, it represents science at its most twisted.
Everything about this plan is emblematic of the mindset that is destroying our planet. Because the trustees of Cayuga Heights have rejected proven and practical non-violent approaches to reducing deer-human conflict, because they refuse against all reason to allow residents to erect fences high enough to safeguard their plantings, because they have attempted to silence public comment on their controversial proposal -- should the rest of us just sit back and do nothing? Should we accept armed men firing deadly weapons in residential neighborhoods, to protect tulips? Or is it possible, with all the brilliant, creative and compassionate people living in Cayuga Heights and the surrounding Ithaca community, that a more sensible approach can be found?
Help us be heard! The letter below will go to those most responsible for driving this program, including the Cayuga Heights Mayor and all the village trustees. It will also be sent to the Cornell faculty member who designed the program and the state game agency representative who is enabling it.
THANK YOU for helping us be a voice for the voiceless wildlife living in Cayuga Heights.
Learn more at CayugaDeer.org
Follow our efforts on Facebook and Twitter.
Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com


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The National Ground Intelligence Center report states that Al-Qaeda in Iraq produced the sarin gas and then shipped it to the al-Nusra Front for use in Syria by Alalam
A leaked US military document reveals that Al-Qaeda possessed and produced "kitchen-grade" sarin gas for chemical attacks against the Syrian people, further adding to the evidence that the Al-Qaeda militants launched the Aug. 21 chemical attack in Damascus as a false flag in order to frame Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad.
In May, Turkish anti-terror police confiscated a two-kilogram cylinder of sarin gas from members of the Jabhat al-Nusra Front based in Southern Turkey near the Syrian border, according to a classified report obtained by WND.
The National Ground Intelligence Center report states that Al-Qaeda in Iraq produced the sarin gas and then shipped it to the al-Nusra Front for use in Syria, a report in the InfoWars said.
Two months prior to the confiscation, 26 people and Syrian government forces died from exposure to sarin gas delivered in a rocket attack on Aleppo, a city in the northwestern region of Syria near the Turkish border.
"The rocket came from a place controlled by the terrorists and which is located close to the Turkish territory," according to a Syrian government statement in response to the attack. "One can assume that the weapon came from Turkey."
The document also describes the sarin seized in Turkey as not being military grade but rather a "kitchen variety," which corresponds to the sarin gas used in the Aug. 21 chemical attack near Damascus, according to Dr. Yossef Bodansky, a top terrorism expert.
Bodansky said that unlike military grade sarin, the sarin used in the Damascus attack did not accumulate around the victims' hair and clothing.
If it did, said Bodansky, the sarin molecules would have detached from the victims and "killed or injured the first responders who touched the victims' bodies without protective clothes … and masks."
Yet there were no reported casualties among the first respondents to the attack, none of whom were wearing adequate protective gear.
High-level US intelligence officials reinforce Bodansky's conclusion, stating that they are not convinced that the Aug. 21 chemical attack was carried out per Assad's orders or that it was even carried out by syrian government.
They are not even sure that Assad even knew about the attack beforehand.
Intercepted Syrian military communications reveal that after the Aug. 21 attack, the Syrian general staff were in a complete panic thinking that their 155th Brigade launched an unauthorized chemical attack in defiance of prior orders not to do so.
This led to Syrian intelligence interrogating the major in charge of the brigade for three days, who adamantly denied firing any missiles and encouraged the general staff to count his weapons inventory.
All of the brigade's missiles were accounted for.
Pierre Piccinin da Prata, a Belgium writer who was kidnapped by the al-Nursa Front, said that during his captivity he overheard his rebel captors admit that they carried out the Aug. 21 chemical attack as a false flag in order to lure the United States into the conflict to help Al-Qaeda topple Assad.
While the Obama administration continues to push our military into entering Syria as "al-Qaeda's air force," fighting alongside extremists recruited and armed by the CIA, the evidence strongly points to the al-Nusra Front, designated by the US as a terrorist organization, as responsible for the Aug. 21 chemical attack.


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L'Aérobus stops at the Montréal Central Bus Station located at 505 de Maisonneuve Blvd. E. The Sheraton Montreal Hotel is located approximately 3.2 km from the Central Bus Station. A free minibus service is also available from the Montréal Central Bus Station to several major downtown hotels (reservation and information: 514-631-1856). Departures are 24 hours a day. For the detailed schedule, click here.
Travel time: Plan approximately 45 minutes.
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