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BEREA, Ohio -- As a boy, Brian Hoyer spent many chilly Sundays with his dad sitting in cavernous Cleveland Stadium rooting for t
BEREA, Ohio -- As a boy, Brian Hoyer spent many chilly Sundays with his dad sitting in cavernous Cleveland Stadium rooting for tin Wolfblood 15.03.2019 04:07
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BEREA, Ohio -- As a boy, Brian Hoyer spent many chilly Sundays with his dad sitting in cavernous Cleveland Stadium rooting for their beloved Browns. Cheap Minnesota Timberwolves Jerseys . For the youngster, there was no place better -- even if their seats werent so great. "They were behind one of the posts," Hoyer said with a smile, remembering the challenge of cheering on idols like Bernie Kosar and Ozzie Newsome. "It was kind of hard to see." On Sunday, Hoyers family, countless friends and Cleveland fans will have an unobstructed view of the hometown kid, who was always the hero while wearing his No. 19 Kosar jersey in the backyard. Hoyer, who rallied the Browns to a shocking win last week at Minnesota, will make his second straight start at quarterback against the rival Cincinnati Bengals and in front of 73,000 fans. "It means a lot," he said Wednesday. "It will be awesome." With starter Brandon Weeden still sidelined with a sprained right thumb, Browns coach Rob Chudzinski will again turn to Hoyer, who threw three touchdown passes, including the game-winner with 51 seconds left, as Cleveland beat the Vikings 31-27. In just his second NFL start, Hoyer overcame three interceptions, threw for 321 yards and rallied the Browns (1-2) to their first win to close a tumultuous week that included the trade of star running back Trent Richardson. Hoyers encore wasnt guaranteed as Chudzinski said he would leave his options open. The decision became easier with Weeden still unable to throw since getting hurt two weeks ago against Baltimore. Chudzinski said Weeden is progressing and could resume throwing this week. Hoyer, who jumped from No. 3 on the depth chart, is starting for now. Chudzinski doesnt have to make any long-term plans at quarterback and intends to keep things fluid. "Well just approach it from a week-to-week basis and see where everybodys at and well make the best decision for what I determine gives us the best chance to win," he said. Hoyer earned a second shot with his performance in the ear-piercing Metrodome. The 27-year-old, who spent three seasons as Tom Bradys backup in New England, displayed Brady-like poise and confidence while leading the Browns to the comeback win. "He came in and played with great composure," Pro Bowl left tackle Joe Thomas said. "Obviously, this was his first live snaps with the No. 1s and he did a great job just seamlessly coming in and throwing the ball on time where it needed to go, saying the play in the huddle confidently, directing the offence. Those are the type of things that were impressive." Hoyer was much more critical, and he was especially disappointed by the three picks. "Bad decisions," Hoyer said. Hoyer watched the game tape by himself and with his offensive teammates. He came away somewhat satisfied. "It was OK," he said. "I was really disappointed in myself with those decisions that I made because those are kind of easy things. Usually, thats not in my game to make bad decisions, so those are things that kind of stuck with me. But now you move on because in this league if you take too much time to dwell on last week, then youre going to screw yourself up for next week." Hoyer benefited by wide receiver Josh Gordons return from a two-game suspension. Hoyer targeted Gordon 19 times and connected with him on 10 passes for 146 yards. That combo was perhaps the biggest reason Cleveland won, and Gordon said he and Hoyer are developing chemistry. "Im very confident in him," Gordon said. "Hes got a real fired-up mentality. He really wants to go out there and improve himself and work hard. He never seems to get rattled. After the interceptions, sacks, anything, just bad plays, hed come out there the next drive and act like it never happened. And thats exactly what we need." Hoyer said he received a text message from Brady following the game, but would not reveal the contents. Brady always saw potential in Hoyer and isnt surprised by his success. "We have a great relationship and a very close relationship," Brady said. "Brian, we text back and forth. Its great to see him and its hard work really pays off and guys that stay at it and are mentally tough, always trying to do the right thing." Not long after he was named starter last week, Hoyer heard from Kosar, the QB he once worshipped. "He sent me a message and a text," Hoyer said. "That was pretty cool. You look down at your phone and it says, Hey, this is Bernie Kosar. To me, when I used to wear the jersey in the backyard to now getting a message from him is pretty cool." NOTES: LB Jabaal Sheard didnt practice because of a sprained knee. If hes out, rookie Barkevious Mingo will start. ... K Billy Cundiff (quad) also sat out, and if hes not ready, P Spencer Lanning may double as kicker. Lanning was named AFC special teams player of the week after punting, kicking an extra point after Cundiff got hurt and throwing a TD pass. ... Gordon said Chudzinski reassured him the Browns have no plans to trade him. "The fact that he said there wasnt, I guess it makes me feel a little more comfortable," Gordon said. "At the same time, anything can happen." ... Thomas will play in his 100th career game Sunday. He has played in 6,054 consecutive snaps, the NFLs longest active stretch. Cheap NBA Jerseys . -- Rory McIlroy birdied his last two holes Thursday for a 7-under 63 to take the lead after one round of the Honda Classic. Cheap Swingman Timberwolves Jerseys . While coach Doc Rivers high-fived fans and pumped his fist at the crowd, Blake Griffin and Chris Paul quietly congratulated each other. http://www.cheaptimberwolvesjerseys.com/ .com) - Seattle Seahawks coach Pete Carroll knows about life in the NFL from other stints around the league.Sochi Olympic organizers say the Russian worker struck by a speeding bobsled has undergone surgery and is conscious and in stable condition. A forerunning sled crashed into the worker Thursday at the Sanki Sliding Center. The unidentified worker broke both legs and was airlifted to a nearby hospital. Sochi organnizing committee spokeswoman Alexandra Kosterina says Friday the injured worker is Russian. Cheap Timberwolves Jerseys Authentic. She says the operation went "successfully" and "hes conscious, hes stable and hes good right now." IOC spokesman Mark Adams says "we all wish him a speedy recovery." ' ' '
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subset: commoncrawl


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Microsoft showed off the Windows 8 Consumer Preview today in Barcelona on the third day of Mobile World Congress. As the PCWorld phone editor, the whole event felt incredibly familiar. XBox live support? Apps that work together? A dynamic start screen? It sounds a lot like Windows Phone.
Unfortunately, despite the fact that MWC is a phone-centric show, there wasn't a single smartphone in sight. Despite the fact that many of the Windows 8 gestures seem incredibly phone-like ("pinch to zoom," swiping to close apps, etc.) and features like the Hubs and tiles are already on Windows Phone, Microsoft did not mention anything about Windows 8 availability on phones during the press event.
While Windows 8 has a lot in common with Windows Phone, there are some features I'd love to see on Microsoft's mobile phone platform. For example, I love the People and Photo hubs' integration with Facebook, Google, LinkedIn and Flickr. I also like the way Windows 8 handles multitasking via the compared to the current Windows Phone method. Additionally, being able to use the same app store for both your tablet and your phone–and be able to share and sync between the two–would be an awesome feature.
The Windows Phone presence has been pretty quiet so far at the show. Nokia announced another addition to its Lumia family, the Lumia 610. The lower-end phone is running a modified version of Windows Phone designed for phones with limited power and capacity. Microsoft's goal is to expand Windows Phone across multiple audiences, from power users to first-time smartphone owners. The only other Windows Phone we saw was the ZTE Orbit, another entry-level phone for Europe.
The Windows Phone Mango update was announced in May, but didn't go out to Windows Phone owners until September 2011. Windows 8 is set to officially launch in Fall of this year. Will there also be a Windows Phone 8 update? I hope so.
For more blogs, stories, photos, and video from the world's largest mobile show, check out PCWorld's complete coverage of Mobile World Congress 2012.
For more blogs, stories, photos, and video about Microsoft Windows 8, check out PCWorld's complete Windows 8 coverage.


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One thing I noticed was how huge the community is now. It's something you don't really grasp when you're just working through bugzilla and IRC. A lot of that is due to hiring by the Mozilla Corporation, but we also continue to acquire good old-fashioned volunteer contributors, and also the ecosystem around Firefox and Gecko is growing, supporting other applications and other companies. It's really exciting.
I ran sessions on Text and Typography and Offline Web Applications. The former basically was my summary of the status of the new text code, to bring people up to speed. Some issues were raised that I'll have to look into, like MathML's need to specify glyph indices directly in a string. Simon Montagu asked some difficult questions about ligatures that stack vertically instead of horizontally and how we can support those. We just don't know; someone needs to find an Arabic text editor that supports vertical ligatures and tell us how it works. Another fun problem that was raised: how should selection be rendered when you select part of a string in a font like Zapfino? The "advance width + ascent + descent" rectangle actually doesn't cover much of the characters selected...
The offline applications session had more discussion. I think we've converged on a plan and now we just need someone to implement it! The guts are in the wiki page; we need a way for pages to specify which components should made available offline, and then download and cache those offline pages as the user indicates, probably just by bookmarking the site.
Overall I had a great time. The scavenger hunt was a little boring --- I guess downtown San Jose isn't the best venue. But the other events were fantastic. Hats off to the Mozilla organization for running it and funding it.


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Lidocaine and Hydrocortisone Cream Prescribing Information
Package insert / product label
Generic name: lidocaine hydrochloride and hydrocortisone acetate
Dosage form: cream
Drug class: Topical anesthetics
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Jan 15, 2023.
On This Page
Lidocaine and Hydrocortisone Cream Description
Anti-Inflammatory Anesthetic for Relief of Hemorrhoid Pain, Swelling and Inflammation.
Lidocaine is chemically designated as acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl), and has the following structure:
Hydrocortisone acetate has a chemical name pregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione, 21-(acetyloxy)-11, 17-dihydroxy-(11β)-, and has the following structural formula:
PharmaPure Rx Lidocaine HCl 3% - Hydrocortisone Acetate 0.5% CreamEach gram contains Lidocaine HCl 30 mg, Hydrocortisone Acetate 5 mg.
LIDOCAINE HCl 3%
Lidocaine and Hydrocortisone Cream - Clinical Pharmacology
Product releases lidocaine to stabilize the neuronal membrane by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for initiation and conduction of impulses, thereby effecting local anesthetic action. Hydrocortisone acetate provides relief of inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses.
Lidocaine may be absorbed following topical
administration to mucous membranes, its rate and extent of absorption
depending upon the specific site of application, duration of exposure,
concentration, and total dosage. In general, the rate of absorption of
local anesthetic agents following topical application occurs most
rapidly after intratracheal administration. Lidocaine is also
well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but little intact drug
appears in the circulation because of biotransformation of the liver.
Lidocaine is metabolized rapidly by the liver, and metabolites and unchanged drug are excreted by the kidneys. Biotransformation includes oxidative N-dealkylation, ring hydroxylation, cleavage of the amide linkage, and conjungation. N-dealkylation, a major pathway of biotransformation, yields the metabolites monoethylglycinexylidide and glycinexylidide. The pharmacological/toxicological actions of these metabolites are similar to, but less potent than, those of lidocaine. Approximately 90% of lidocaine administered is excreted in the form of various metabolites, and less than 10% is excreted unchanged. The primary metabolite in urine is a conjugate of 4-hydroxy-2, 6-dimethylaniline.
The plasma binding of lidocaine is dependent of drug concentration, and the fraction bound decreases with increasing concentration. At concentrations of 1 to 4 g of free base per mL, 60 to 80 percent of lidocaine is protein bound. Binding is also dependent on the plasma concentration of the alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein.
Lidocaine crosses the blood-brain and placental barriers, presumably by passive diffusion.
Studies of lidocaine metabolism following intravenous bolus injections have shown that the elimination half-life of this agent is typically 1.5 to 2 hours. Because of the rapid rate at which lidocaine is metabolized, any condition that affects liver function may alter lidocaine kinetics. The half-life may be prolonged two-fold or more in patients with liver dysfunction. Renal dysfunction does not affect lidocaine kinetics but may increase the accumulation of metabolites.
Factors such as acidosis and the use of CNS stimulants and depressants affect the CNS levels of lidocaine required to produce overt systemic effects. Objective adverse manifestations become increasingly apparent with increasing venous plasma levels above 6 g free base per mL. In the rhesus monkey arterial blood levels of 18-21 g/mL have been shown to be the threshold for convulsive activity.
The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors including the vehicle, the integrity of the epidermal barrier, and the use of occlusive dressings.
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin increase percutaneous absorption. Occlusive dressings substantially increase the percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids. Thus, occlusive dressings may be a valuable therapeutic adjunct for treatment of resistant dermatoses.
Once absorbed through the skin, topical corticosteroids are handled through pharmacokinetic pathways similar to systemically administered corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are bound to plasma protein in varying degrees. Corticosteroids are metabolized primarily in the liver and are then excreted by the kidneys. Some of the topical corticosteroids and their metabolites are also excreted into the bile.
Indications and Usage for Lidocaine and Hydrocortisone Cream
Product is used for the anti-inflammatory and anesthetic relief of itching, pain, soreness and discomfort due to hemorrhoids, anal fissures, pruritus ani and similar conditions of the anal area.
Product should not be used in patients with a history of sensitivity to any of its ingredients or adverse reactions to lidocaine or amide anesthetics, which usually do not cross-react with "caine" ester type anesthetics. If excessive irritation and significant worsening occur, discontinue use and seek the advice of your physician. Product and topical lidocaine should be used cautiously in those with impaired liver function, as well as the very ill or very elderly and those with significant liver disease. Product should be used with caution in patients receiving antiarrhythmic drugs of Class I since the adverse effects are additive and generally synergistic. Product is contraindicated for tuberculous or fungal lesions of skin vaccinia, varicella and acute herpes simplex. Topical corticosteroids are contraindicated in those patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any components of the preparation.
For external use only. Not for ophthalmic use. Product and used applicators could harm small children if chewed or swallowed.
Keep out of reach of children.
Topical formulations of lidocaine may be absorbed to a greater extent through mucous membranes and abraded, fissured or irritated skin than through intact skin. Product should not be ingested or applied into the mouth, inside of the nose or in the eyes. Product should not be used in the ears. Any situation where lidocaine penetrates beyond the tympanic membrane into the middle ear is contraindicted because of ototoxicty associated with lidocaine observed in animals when instilled in the middle ear. Product should not come into contact with the eye or be applied into the eye because of the risk of severe eye irritation and the loss of eye surface sensation, which reduces protective reflexes and can lead to corneal irritation and possibly abrasion. If eye contact occurs, rinse out the eye immediately with saline or water and protect the eye surface until sensation is restored.
If irritation or sensitivity occurs or infection appears, discontinue use and institute appropriate therapy. If extensive areas are treated, the possibility of systemic absorption exists. Systemic absorption of topical steroids has produced reversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, manifestation of Cushing's syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glycosuria in some patients. Conditions which augment systemic absorption include the application of the more potent steroids, use over large surface areas, prolonged use, and the addition of occlusive dressings. Therefore, patients receiving a large dose of potent topical steroids applied to a large surface area, or under an occlusive dressing, should be evaluated periodically for evidence of HPA axis suppression. If noted, an attempt should be made to withdraw the drug, to reduce the frequency of application, or to substitute a less potent steroid. Recovery of the HPA axis function is generally prompt and complete upon discontinuation of the drug. Infrequently, signs and symptoms of steroid withdrawal may occur, requiring supplemental systemic corticosteroids. Children may absorb proportionately larger amounts of topical corticosteroids and thus be more susceptible to systemic toxicity. If irritation develops, topical steroids should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. In the presence of dermatological infections, the use of an appropriate antifungal or antibacterial agent should be instituted. If a favorable response does not occur promptly, the corticosteroid should be discontinued until the infection has been adequately controlled.
Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential or the effect on fertility of topical corticosteroids.
Studies to determine mutagenicity with prednisolone and hydrocortisone have revealed negative results.
Studies of lidocaine in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic and mutagenic potential of the effect on fertility have not been conducted.
Teratogenic Effects:
Pregnancy Category C Reproduction studies have been performed for lidocaine in rats at doses up to 6.6 times the human dose and have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus caused by lidocaine. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response. General consideration should be given to this fact before administering lidocaine to women of childbearing potential, especially during early pregnancy when maximum organogenesis takes place. Corticosteroids are generally teratogenic in laboratory animals when administered systemically at relatively low dosage levels. The more potent corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic after dermal application in laboratory animals. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women on teratogenic effects from topically applied corticosteroids. Therefore, topical corticosteroids should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Drugs of this class should not be used extensively on pregnant patients, in large amounts or for prolonged periods of time.
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when this drug is administered to a nursing mother.
Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
During or immediately following application of product, there may be transient stinging or burning from open areas of skin, or transient blanching (lightening), or erythema (redness) of the skin.
Lidocaine and Hydrocortisone Cream Dosage and Administration
Apply product to the affected area(s) twice daily or as directed by a physician. Product should not be used in excess of recommendations or for prolonged used in the anal canal. If the condition does not respond to repeated courses of product or should worsen, discontinue use and seek the advise of your physician.
Products without applicators: Remove the child-resistant cap and foil seal from the tube. Apply a thin film to the affected area. Replace the cap after use.
Products with Single-Use Tubes and Applicators: Tear open one cleansing wipe packet (if the product kit contains such item), gently clean the affected area and discard the used cleansing wipe. Remove the child-resistant cap and foil seal from one tube and firmly screw one applicator onto the tube. Do not over tighten. Squeeze the tube to fill the applicator until a small amount of cream/gel comes out of and lubricates the applicator openings. Gently insert the applicator tip with attached tube into anal area. Continue squeezing the body of the tube as it is moved around the areas of discomfort, and lastly, around and in the anal opening (if directed by physician).
Do not completely insert the applicator and tube into the anus or insert deep into the rectum. Do not insert a loose applicator tip into the anus or rectum. Once application is completed, both the tube and applicator should be gently removed and discarded.
How is Lidocaine and Hydrocortisone Cream supplied
PharmaPure Rx Lidocaine HCl 3% - Hydrocortisone Acetate 0.5% Cream 1 oz (28.3g) tube - NDC 59088-819-03
PharmaPure Rx Lidocaine HCl 3% - Hydrocortisone Acetate 0.5% Cream 3 oz (85g) tube - NDC 59088-819-07
PharmaPure Rx Lidocaine HCl 3% - Hydrocortisone Acetate 0.5% Cream KIT contains 14 Single-Use 1/4 oz (7 g) Tubes and Applicators. NDC 59088-819-14.
PharmaPure Rx Lidocaine HCl 3% - Hydrocortisone Acetate 0.5% Cream KIT contains 20 Single-Use 1/4 oz (7 g) Tubes, Applicators and Cleansing Wipes. NDC 59088-819-20.
Storage and Handling
Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F) [see USP Controlled Temperature].
Protect from freezing.
lidocaine hcl and hydrocortisone acetate cream
|Labeler - PureTek Corporation (785961046)
More about hydrocortisone / lidocaine topical
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Ennio Bufi is a comic book artist from Turin and a graduate of the Bari Academy of Fine Arts. In Italy, he has been an artist of 'Geronimo Stilton' books and of 'Giorgio Perlasca, un uomo comune', a comic about the life of Italian war hero Giorgio Perlasca created with Marco Sonseri for Renoir Comics. He works with French scriptwriter Richard Marazano on the comic series 'Clandestino' for Bamboo Éditions' Grand Angle collection since 2013.
Geronimo Stilton - The First Samurai


text:
GRASS GIS contributors meetings in Solany
Jump to navigation Jump to search
An open group of people contributing or interested in contributing to GRASS GIS occasionally meet at the cottage of Martin Landa located in the north-west part of the Czech Republic in the village called Solany.
1. Meeting (December 18-20 2015)
Discussed topics
- Ludmila's diploma thesis tunnig
- GRASS Julia API
- wxGUI Attribute Manager improvements (pyGRASS + table layer item)
Participants & reports
Martin Landa
- List of SVN logs
- Various improvements and updates in WinGRASS 32bit and 64bit builds (#1213)
- Preparation of 7.0.3 release plan
- First steps for new Ubuntu builds
- Various wxGUI fixes and improvements (Quit dialog, giface and g.gui.* modules, Graphical Modeler)
- libgis: cross-platform newline characters (#2745) + i.cluster/v.out.ascii updated
- Borscht :-)
Stepan Turek
Matej Krejci
Ludmila Furtkevicova
- wxGUI Graphical Modeler bug hunting
- Python scripting library testing
- Cheese filled dumplings aka pirozky :-)
0. Meeting (summer 2014)
- Martin Landa
- Stepan Turek
- Matej Krejci


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Massachusetts Genealogy
This guide contains a sample of The Newberry's resources on this topic. To locate additional resources, please check our catalog or consult a reference librarian.
Also see the New England Genealogy pathfinder sheet for listings of important general works on the region.
General Reference
DenBoer, Gordon. Atlas of Historical County Boundaries: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Massachusetts. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994. Call # Local History Ref G1201.F7 A8 1993 Conn. (2nd floor open shelf).
Haskell, John D., Jr. Massachusetts: A Bibliography of its History. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1976. Call # Local History Ref Z1295 .C65 1976 (2nd floor open shelf).
Historical Data Relating to Counties, Cities and Towns in Massachusetts. Boston, 1920. Call # F8440.55. Founding dates and boundary changes for Massachusetts jurisdictions.
Vital Records and Local Histories
Massachusetts vital records are maintained by the town or city, not by the county. Vital records going back to the 17th century are extant for many towns. Many of these records, especially from towns in the eastern part of the state, were published in the early 20th century. Many original town records were also filmed by the Holbrook Research Institute in recent years and are available on microfiche. Look in catalog under the name of the town as a subject heading
Probate is under county jurisdiction, and so Newberry researchers should search the catalog using the name of the county as a subject heading to see if the Library holds any abstracts, indexes or transcriptions of probate records. There may be other types of genealogically useful titles listed under a county subject heading as well.
Corbin Manuscript Collection in the New England Historic Genealogical Society. Boston: NEHGS, 1982. 60 reels. Call # Microfilm 525. Walter Corbin and his wife Lottie were professional genealogists specializing in western and central Massachusetts. They made a practice of transcribing (though not necessarily in their entirety) the records -- including vital records and cemetery records -- of the towns where they conducted their research. Their papers were microfilmed and this microfilm set is the result. To use this set at the Newberry, you must request specific reels. There is a contents guide on reel 1.
Longver, Phyllis O. and Pauline J. Oesterlin. A Surname Guide to Massachusetts Town Histories. Bowie, MD: Heritage, 1993. Call # Local History Ref F63 .L66 1993 (2nd floor open shelf).
Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors and Marines of the Revolutionary War. Boston, 1896-1908. 17 vols. Call # Local History Ref E263.M4 M4 (2nd floor open shelf). Researchers should also consult the Newberry's pathfinder sheet Genealogical Research on Revolutionary War Patriots.
Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors and Marines in the Civil War. Massachusetts Adjutant General, 1931-1935. 9 vols., including index. Call # Local History Ref E513 .M37 1931 (2nd floor open shelf); also Microfiche 3412.
Newberry holdings complete 1790-1860, minimal thereafter. Published indexes 1790-1850. Special schedules for Union veterans and widows in 1890.
Special Topic: Mayflower Descents
Mayflower Families through Five Generations. Plymouth: General Society of Mayflower Descendants, 1975-. Call # Local History Ref F63 .M48 1975(2nd floor open shelf). Multi-volume set, not completed. Also check catalog for title "Mayflower Families in Progress" or for the name of the Mayflower passenger as a subject heading. Other publications related to Mayflower research are found on the 2nd floor open shelf next to the five-generation books and the Mayflower Index (below).
Mayflower Index. Revised edition. Boston: General Society of Mayflower Descendants, 1960. 2 vols. Call # Local History Ref F68 .M393 1960 (2nd floor open shelf). Use with caution. Many lines of descent contained here are no longer accepted.
The Mayflower Descendant. 1899-. Call # E697 .01. Journal of the Massachusetts Society of Mayflower Descendants.


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Mandalay : Tingaza Kyaung & Eindawya Pagoda & Royal Palace
This is a beat up old monastery and is not on the route of the big attractions since it was not swarming with tourists. It is one of those "jewels" that if you are lucky you can find in trips. Although old, the 2 monks living in it keep it on the best way their old age permits.Read More


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Headin' south to Paraguay
Where the gauchos sing and shout
Now he's stuck in Porto Bello
Since his money all ran out
So he hangs out with the sailors
Might and day they're raisin' hell
And his original destination's just another
Story that he loves to tell.
With no plans for the future
He still seems in control
From a bronco ride to a ten foot tide
He just had to learn to roll.
Roll with the punches
Play all of his hunches
Made the best of whatever came his way
What he lacked in ambition
He made up with intuition
Plowing straight ahead come what may.
Steel band in the distance
And their music floats across the bay
While American women in muumuus
Talk about all the things they did today
And their husbands quack about fishing
As they slug those rum drinks down
Discussing who caught what
and who sat on his butt
But it's the only show in town.
They're tryin' to drink all the punches
They all may lose their lunches
Tryin' to cram lost years into five or six says
Seems that blind ambition erased their intuition
Plowin' straight ahead come what may.
I don't want to live on that kind of island
No, I don't want to swim in a roped off sea.
Too much for me, too much for me
I've got to be where the wind and the water are free.
Alone on a midnight passage
I can count the falling stars
While the Southern Cross and the satellites
They remind me of where we are
Spinning around in circles
Living it day to day
And still twenty four hours, maybe sixty good years
It's still not that long a stay.
We've gotta roll with the punches
Learn to play all of our hunches
Makin' the best of whatever comes your way
Forget that blind ambition
And learn to trust your intuition
Plowin' straight ahead come what may.
And there's a cowboy in the jungle.


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[Eminem] Remix!
[50 Cent]
Yeah, I'm tryin to catch me somethin
A little jux or somethin
[Hook: 50 Cent]
Nigga that watch is nice, that's what you bought for me?
That chain is nice, that's what you bought for me?
Them earrings is nice, that's what you bought for me?
Take that shit off, move I'll break you off properly
[Verse One]
You wan' spray at me go 'head; the last nigga that tried
Got hit, keeled over, and bled 'til he died
Your lil' sister callin me stupid, reason why
Her and your momma in the living room now hogtied
I came up with two new ways to get rich, I can't wait
Got a brand new cig in that ol' 38
I be schemin to put a lil' bread on my plate
Watch and dress shirts, stomp through a hole in the cake
I stick a nigga for his shine, sell him back the next day
You thought I really want it you pussy? Bitch please
This is stashhouse, jackpot, there go them ki's
My black G-Unit hoodie just wreak with marijuana
Cocaine comin out my pores in the sauna
I'm serious man, I'm so sincere
This the flow right here that fucked up Jeffrey's career
Make money, take money, yeah nigga, YEAH
[Interlude: 50 Cent]
I get mine the fast way, the ski mask way
Make money, make money money money
Nigga if you ask me, this the only way
Take money, take money money money
[Verse Two]
Who's that peepin in my window?
WOW – the feds on me now
They know when I'm sleepin, they know when I'm wake
I know they got my phone tapped, I'm screamin fuck Jake
I'm tryin to stay out them pens, so I switched states
Bad News, VA – now that sounds great
I see niggas with that ice on, rims shined up
This town's one big pussy, waitin to get fucked
I holla at A.I. peoples to get gats
They charge me 500 apiece for two macs
Then I'm back doin me, back out on the spree
Catch me and niggas slippin out pumpin that D
Get me a little crew I'll have 'em pumpin for me
The more product I take the more paper we see
Change my name, in NY they don't know where I be


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Sunday, April 10, 2011
A Day in the Life of China
The book has a nice blend of urban, rural, factory, everyday, and scenic shots. One thing I like about it as that there are people in nearly every shot. The 老百姓 (old hundred names, common folk) of China are prominently featured.
The China of 1989 is very different from the China I was introduced to in 2006. It's pretty wild to see how fast the country developed in those seventeen years. There are so many bicycles in the book, exponentially more than you'd see on the streets of China today!
I was able to find a few of the photos from the book scanned online here. The scans are not of the greatest quality, but they'll work for this post:
April of 1989 is a very noteworthy time in contemporary Chinese history. It's just as the historic student protests began in Beijing. Being a snapshot of China just before one of the most important events in its recent history is just another reason that this book is worth checking out.
This book can be purchased for a couple bucks on Amazon used. It's been a great add to my library.
6 comments:
- Ramesh said...
It must be a very nice read, especially for those of us who have not seen the China of those years, but have seen the China of today.
Your post reminds me of the surprise I had seeing so few bicycles in China. Had heard a lot about how there were so many of them, and then when I went for the first time - where were they ??
- April 10, 2011 at 8:19 PM
- Mark said...
You're right, Ramesh. The idealized bike-lined streets of China are long gone!!
Although China's made a strong move towards relying on the personal automobile, they're nowhere in the same league as Americans, who they're often being compared to (I've made the comparison in the past).
Most Chinese people, even if they have a car in the family, will still use public transportation often. The same can't be said of Americans, particularly of people outside of major metropoli, like myself. The 电动车 (electric bike) is also a positive thing that China's embracing.
- April 10, 2011 at 8:42 PM
Ah, all this talk reminds me of your bicycle post awhile back. Winter's over, are you riding that bike to work again?
- April 11, 2011 at 9:55 AM
- Mark said...
I went to go get the bike tuned up a couple weekends ago. Rode a bit this weekend. Still haven't made the long ride into work yet this year, but it'll be coming here shortly!
I remember last year really not enjoying riding during cold mornings. Am probably going to get going in a week or two when it's not so close to freezing in the mornings.
- April 11, 2011 at 5:45 PM
- Mark said...
In case anyone missed the Kansas scenery/bike ride post I made last year, here's the link.
- April 11, 2011 at 5:47 PM
- Also sprach Analyst said...
Very interesting. 1989 was certainly a historic moment, and we can also see the dramatic transformation of China over the past 20 years or so.
Also sprach Analyst
- April 15, 2011 at 1:59 PM


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Hillcrest Crotch Rocket Irish Red Ale
Irish-style red ales range from light red-amber-copper to light brown in color. These ales have a medium hop bitterness and flavor. They often don't have hop aroma. Irish-style red ales have low to medium candy-like caramel malt sweetness and may have a balanced subtle degree of roast barley or roast malt character and complexity. Irish-style Red Ales have a medium body. The style may have low levels of fruity-ester flavor and aroma. Diacetyl should be absent or at very low levels. Chill haze is allowable at cold temperatures. Slight yeast haze is acceptable for bottle-conditioned products.


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Joint Task Force Aims to Keep Drug Money From Taliban
By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service
KABUL, Afghanistan, Aug. 20, 2012 – Corruption is not inevitable in Afghanistan, but is a more recent phenomenon caused by 30 years of war, a coalition officer said here today.
And with coalition help, the Afghan government is making progress against it, said Col. Paul Van Den Broek, a New Zealand soldier in charge of Joint Task Force Shafafiyat – a Dari and Pashto word meaning "transparency."
"Will it be fast? No. But it is happening," the colonel told reporters traveling with Army Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who met with Afghan and coalition leaders here today.
The Afghan government suggested the need for the task force, the colonel said, to reduce corruption so it does not present a "fatal threat" to the viability of the Afghan state.
That threat does exist now, the colonel added, and at its heart is the nexus of drugs and the Taliban.
The Taliban provide land for farmers to grow poppies, they provide the workers, they tax the product, and they provide protection, run the laboratories and then traffic the narcotics, he explained.
"To the Taliban, it is key money that they need to operate in the war," the colonel said. "It is a case of narcotics leaving Afghanistan in exchange for lethal aid coming in."
Van Den Broek likened the situation to insurgents in Colombia using cocaine to fund operations or the Irish Republican Army using racketeering to pay for arms and bombs.
Not all narcotics rings in Afghanistan are run by the Taliban, the colonel said, noting that other criminal networks operate in the country. But the Taliban simply cannot operate without drugs and the money they bring in, he added.
This, Van Den Broek said, is where his task force gets involved. "There has been progress made in bringing down these networks," he said.
Still, he acknowledged, the threat remains, and he quoted a Taliban shadow governor as saying "Where there is poppy, there is Taliban. Where there is no poppy, there is no Taliban."
"We are working to make sure there is no Taliban," the colonel said.
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Mark Shapiro enters his second season as General Manager of the Cleveland Indians, and 12th with the organization, in full rebuilding mode. Since winning six NL Central division titles in seven years, the Indians have said goodbye to stars Roberto Alomar, Jim Thome and Bartolo Colon and rebuilt the farm system through drafting, development and a series of opportune trades. He recently chatted with BP about the dangers of multi-year contracts, breaking prospects into the lineup, and the pressure of meeting fans' expectations.
Baseball Prospectus: Soon after you got the General Manager's job, you made some moves that seemed to counter the rebuilding process, like signing Lawton and Gutierrez to long-term deals. It's easy to look back now and see that those moves were mistakes–do you feel you've learned from some of the early mistakes you made?
Mark Shapiro: The toughest part about that time was the fact that we were not ready to abandon attempting to contend; we won our division in 2001. (The process) didn't sneak up on us–we knew we'd have some challenges. But we couldn't just say, it's over, boom. We had to do two things: attempt to contend and transition at the same time. We ended up going against external pressures anyway. If you wait until the rebuilding process is dictated to you, you'll be in trouble. Everything we did was geared toward expediting the transition process.
BP: You've made so many changes in a short period of time. How do you maintain continuity at the major league level and in the minor leagues when so many players and coaches have moved around or moved on to other teams?
MS: It's at the heart of the things that are most fulfilling to me. My job goes far beyond putting 25 people on the field. It's about developing an organization, assembling a scouting force, and implementing a player development system. Systems outlast people. If your systems are solid and they continue to improve and your philosophy is well communicated, you can develop an organizational structure even while going through flux and change. If you have a philosophy that's well communicated between the manager, the General Manager and the scouting director, that can filter down to the entire organization.
BP: The new manager of course being Eric Wedge. What led you to choose him for the job?
MS: A big part of it was his development-oriented approach, which goes to what we're trying to do as an organization. He has a real passion for his job and a commitment to detail. He's shattering the usual paradigm for managers. A lot of managers just slap on a uniform on February 15 and say 'let's go.' (Wedge) is in the office at 8:30 every morning. He's involved in every meeting, he understands the nature of building a 25-man roster, the challenges of our revenue situation, and building the minor league system. He and I are partners in building the major league team. We're trying to break down the barrier of differences between the manager and front office personnel.
BP: Along those lines, when you first applied for the General Manager's job, what did you say or do to pitch yourself as a candidate?
MS: You have to express your vision for the position. That's going to be different for every person, since everyone has a different set of skills. I wrote a long vision paper (over 100 pages) on how I envisioned the job. It was a good discipline for me. Certainly a lot has changed since the first time I wrote it.
BP: The economics of the game, for one. How have these new economics affected your job?
MS: It's much better this way. As long as you maintain payroll flexibility, you can really benefit. Year to year it enables the front office to be creative, which is ultimately what you want.
BP: As some of the core young talent matures, will you try to implement a plan similar to the one John Hart put in place, where he signed the team's young players through their arbitration years and into their first year or two of free agency?
MS: We very clearly are not going to commit to a multi-year contract strategy. Multi-year contracts don't offer us the greatest ability to sustain a championship-level club. Flexibility and developing young talent do allow us to do that. When we get to the championship level, we need to continue to develop good, young players. That in itself allows us to supplant multi-year deals and stagger the payroll.
BP: Do you feel you have the kind of financial commitment you'll need from ownership down the road?
MS: The best example of that commitment is just experiential. We outspent our revenue two years ago by $10 million to get Juan Gonzalez. When the club is on the threshold of breaking through or trying to sustain a winning team, ownership has proven it will do what it takes.
I also know they're committed because right now, we're among the top six or seven teams in baseball in scouting and player development spending. Our greatest opponent now is the Rule 5 draft and managing the 40-man roster. We're at 40 now and there's not much fat on the roster at all–there's simply no way we can protect everybody.
BP: You acquired three interesting prospects in the Bartolo Colon trade last year. At the same time, weren't you concerned about what the fans would think when you made that trade, and when you didn't re-sign Jim Thome?
MS: I don't think you enter into any situation like (the Colon deal) without realizing what it will mean. The fans may just see Lee Stevens and three minor leaguers. In the meantime, we had to be prepared for that day. We did a ton of research and analysis to find those three players. We'd done research on similar trades. We found that we got one of the best returns ever in a trade of that magnitude for that type of player.
With Thome, the decision was kind of made for us. As it is, the decision to pursue him in any way frankly doesn't fit at all with where we are now. We're in a position now that says no big-dollar contracts, certainly not until the team justifies the need for them. Now you could argue that he was a justifiable exception, with the kind of player and person he is. But the major concerns for us in this market were of one player making that much, plus looking historically at how many players perform past age 35 at the type of level he's at now–very few.
BP: How were you able to then trade for Travis Hafner?
MS: We looked at Texas' system from a statistical and scouting standpoint, and we knew they had guys like Mark Teixeira and Hank Blalock, as well as Travis Hafner, and they might be prepared to make a trade. Hafner was a guy who came up on our radar screen. He had one of the most unique combinations of plate discipline and run production in the minor leagues. He has some work to do defensively, but the worst-case scenario is being in the AL, that offers us the option of the DH position.
With Montreal's system, Texas' system–we were prepared to make deals with those teams. Last year we knew that Montreal was the one team looking at the present only, that could afford to give up high-level prospects. That's why it worked.
BP: Regarding some of your other prospects–first of all, what kind of tack do you take with an athlete who's raw in terms of baseball experience like Grady Sizemore?
MS: A lot of that is just gaining experience. He'll dictate the pace of his progress, and so far he's done a good job of it. He hasn't had a traditional development path–it isn't like with Manny Ramirez, where the hitting was way ahead of his running and defense. As quickly as Grady has success, we're going to move him. He's got a chance to be a young player, 21, at Double-A, like Johnny Peralta and Brandon Phillips were. You want as many guys as possible with high ceilings playing at the upper levels.
BP: Doesn't moving Phillips the wrong way on the defensive spectrum put him at greater risk for the types of injures second basemen often suffer? Doesn't it also lessen his defensive value and erode his skills at shortstop?
MS: The primary rationale for moving Phillips to second base was Omar Vizquel. He is a 10-and-5 player and therefore has veto rights on any trade. He wants to remain an Indian, and that has value to us as well in our transition period.
BP: Given Phillips projects as a core, young player and Vizquel has no chance of being a member of the next championship team in Cleveland, why not have Vizquel change positions instead?
MS: Your points are largely valid, but sometimes there is a human element that overrides statistical and even conventional rationale. Omar's career in Cleveland demands that he be treated with respect. He is signed through 2004 and arguably had his best year of his career last year.
We are still working with Brandon at shortstop and keep the option open that he may play that position in the future. My greatest hesitation was to move him off the middle of the diamond as some have suggested (to third base where we have a gap right now). He is a middle-of-the-diamond player with great athleticism and as long as he plays up the middle he will offer us the premium of outstanding offense compared to the league average for production at either second base or shortstop.
BP: How do you strike a balance with prospects, when you want to give them a chance, but you also don't want to rush them, or start their service time clock too soon?
MS: With most players you want to have as much preparation as possible. But there are certain players that you know have the mentality to succeed when they're being pushed and challenged at the major league level. Brandon Phillips clearly has some developmental issues left. But he has a special level of confidence in his abilities. For him to be ready, his approach has to be twofold: he has to have that confidence, but he also has to be an accurate self-evaluator. Maturity figures into that, and part of that happens over time, by going through experiences.
You have to make these decisions while avoiding momentum and emotion getting into it. What you need to do is not leave decisions blank. It's something Eric Wedge and I are doing right now. Escobar, Bradley, Bard, Phillips, Hafner–when can we commit to them, and can we forecast them onto the major league team?
BP: Since you're so committed to having youth and flexibility on the roster, the draft obviously has to play a big role. Some studies suggest it can be riskier, for instance, to draft a high school pitcher than a college player. Do you have a preference for which types of players you want to draft?
MS: One thing with the draft: There is no black and white, only a series of grays. Ever study you do is a piece of revisionist history. That said, we do have tendencies, and our tendencies have evolved. Investing huge dollars in high school right-handed pitching as a top draft pick might not be something we'd want to do.
Any time you have the ability to take a 21-year-old instead of an 18-year-old, a lot of the mystery is gone and the time frame becomes more predictable–there's that definite benefit to picking college players in high rounds. But there's also less romance. You don't get to daydream as much about what a player could be in four or five years.
Thank you for reading
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The owner of a Washington state manufacturing company has pleaded guilty to federal fraud charges, the fourth person to admit to a role in a bribery and kickback scheme involving military aircraft parts sold to The Boeing Company.
Jeffrey Lavelle, owner of J.L. Manufacturing of Everett, Washington, pleaded guilty Monday in U.S. District Court in St. Louis to mail and wire fraud. Sentencing is Oct. 27.
Former Boeing procurement officer Deon Anderson pleaded guilty earlier this month, admitting he took bribes from companies seeking to sell parts for military aircraft in exchange for providing them with confidential information such as competitor bids. Another contractor and a consulting firm owner have also pleaded guilty and are awaiting sentencing.
Filed Under: Aerospace + defense


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Editor's Note: This Sunday New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd wrote about Rory Staunton, the son of Irish immigrants and nephew of IrishCentral founder Niall O'Dowd, who died in a New York hospital after a tragic misdiagnosis.
Here is her column.
Copyright The New York Times
"The Boy Who Wanted to Fly"
Rory Staunton was always looking up.
As soon as he could walk, he wanted to fly. The exuberant freckle-faced redhead from Sunnyside, Queens, yearned to be up in the romantic night sky where, as the French pilot and poet Antoine de Saint-Exupéry wrote, the stars are laughing.
His parents told him he'd have to wait until he was 16 to take flying lessons. But it's hard to tell a determined 5-foot-9, 169-pound 12-year-old what to do.
He dreamed of being the next Captain Sullenberger, practicing on a flight simulator on his computer and studying global routes. He read and reread Sully's memoir, thrilled to learn that the flier's hair had once been red. He found a Long Island aviation school that would teach 12-year-olds.
On his 12th birthday, his parents shuddered and let Rory fly with an instructor.
How could you resist that sweet Irish face? Sure, Rory drove his parents nuts, sneaking downstairs late at night to gorge on episodes of "Family Guy," and pretending to do his homework when he was really devouring political stories in The Times.
"He wasn't the kid who looked at porn online, he looked at CNN online," said his uncle, Niall O'Dowd, my friend who publishes several Irish publications in New York.
Rory protected underdogs against schoolyard bullies. He revered Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. And at the Garden School in Jackson Heights, he led a campaign to curb the thoughtless use of the word "retarded."
"The last conversation I had with him, he got right in the face of my brother, Fergus, the government minister in Ireland with the mining portfolio, about fracking," Niall recalled. "And he wrote the Swedish ambassador to North Korea asking for an explanation about why North Korea fed their big army while their people were dying of hunger."
Rory was so roaring with life, it was impossible to believe how quickly life drained out of him. On Wednesday, March 28, he fell while playing in the school gym and scraped his elbow, opening a cut. As Dr. Jerome Groopman wrote in The New Yorker in 2008, the most aggressive superbug bacteria often lurk in gyms and on artificial turf.
The following Sunday, Rory died of septic shock from a strep infection, his parents curled around his body in the hospital bed.
Orlaith and Ciaran Staunton are Irish immigrants who embodied the American dream. Ciaran owns O'Neill's bar on Third Avenue, where Rory made his first visit at 3 days old, and the Molly Blooms pub in Queens.
Every parent's nightmare unfolded at warp speed, as the Web site Everyday Health reported and as Jim Dwyer heartbreakingly revealed in Thursday's Times. Rory might have been saved by a swift dose of antibiotics but instead perished in a perfect storm of false assumptions, overlooked data and overburdened doctors.
Despite the cut, severe leg pain, blotchy skin and other clues pointing to sepsis, Rory's pediatrician surmised that the vomiting, 102-degree fever, 140 pulse and 36 breaths a minute spelled a stomach bug and sent him to the NYU Langone Medical Center emergency room. Doctors there discharged Rory with an antinausea drug, even though his vital signs were alarming. The lab tests that were ordered came back three hours later showing abnormal production of white blood cells, a sign that infection could be raging, but that red flag was ignored.
"Nobody said anything that night," his mother told Dwyer. "None of you followed up the next day on that kid, and he's at home, dying on the couch?"
By Friday, Rory's body was covered with blue streaks, and a touch made him scream. When Ciaran reached the pediatrician, she advised going back to the E.R. Rory was put in intensive care, where doctors valiantly tried to save his life, even suggesting amputating his nose and toes. But he was turning purple and black.
"For anyone that has carried their son's or daughter's coffin, it's unnatural," Ciaran told Sean O'Rourke on Friday on RTE, the Irish radio network. "A child who loses a parent becomes an orphan. If a man and wife lose each other, they become widow or widower. It's so unnatural, there isn't even a word for families who lose a child."
Rory's idol, Sully Sullenberger, was touched and left a message on the child's tribute page. The hero of the Hudson is now an advocate for applying "lessons learned in blood" in aviation safety to patient safety.
"If something good comes from Rory's death, it will be that we realize we have a broken system," he told me. "Patient care is so fragmented. For the most part, medical professionals aren't taught these human skills that some deride as 'soft skills.' So there's insufficient sharing of information and ineffective communication.
"Some in the medical field look upon these deaths as an unavoidable consequence of giving care. But they're inexcusable and unthinkable."
Rory is up there now, with the laughing stars. But even before he got to heaven, he knew, as Saint-Exupéry wrote, that "One sees clearly only with the heart. Anything essential is invisible to the eyes."
A version of this op-ed appeared in print on July 15, 2012, on page SR11 of the New York edition with the headline: The Boy Who Wanted to Fly.


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There's a fascinating — and entertainingly pissy, if sometimes obtuse — argument going on over Metcalfe's Law (which states that the value of a communications network grows exponentially as its number of users grows). On one side are three authors of an article in IEEE Spectrum, who insist that the law was wrong and even dangerous, for it justified the first internet bubble, and they fear it is being used now to inflate a second social bubble. On the other side is Ethernet inventor Bob Metcalfe himself, arguing at VC partner Mike Hirshland's blog that his law is not only still valid but, when you tie it with Moore's Law, it leads to the Law of the Long Tail.
And I will argue with them all — not against Metcalfe's Law but against the way they value networks. The IEEE authors try to tote up the value of a network in terms of who owns it: the market capitalization of companies controlling networks. In other words, they — like telecoms of old — try to value the network at the center. But that is no longer how networks are valued at all. No, now they are valued at the edge. You and I value the networks we choose to connnect to in ways only we can measure. Metcalfe starts down the right path when, as Hirshland summarizes, he argues that with social networks "we need to consider not just the number of users but also the affinity between the members of the network." Yes, and each network connection we make carries an intangible, personal quality that has direct impact on how much we value those networks and thus how much they are worth as a whole. We tote up our own value in terms like trust, engagement, joy, relevance, excitement, reputation, need, sex, and money. Human networks must be measured on human terms.
Network providers used to try to measure the value we put on networks negatively, in terms of switching costs. That was what AOL counted on for too damned long as they thought it would cost us too much hassle to switch off our AOL email addresses. Ha! But we each value a network positively on what it brings us. That is different for each of us and each of our connections. For example, I see no value, personally, in LinkedIn; it has never done a thing for me but attract a new form of spam, inconvenience, and embarrassment when I don't link to someone. But for others I know, LinkedIn provides jobs, business, income, reputation; it is damned near invaluable. Similarly, I see little value in MySpace; for middle-aged me, it is merely a curiosity. For others, of course, it gets them songs or gets them laid. Put a price tag on that, if you dare. I see value in my Treo phone because it keeps me connected to anything, anywhere, anytime. I see great value in having a blog in the 'sphere, for it brings me learning, ego gratification (I admit it), jobs, and money (but no sex).
An important factor in this is openness. The more open the network, the more valuable it is — but the harder it is to own, and thus the harder it is to value in old terms of ownership and market cap. That's what really argues against the IEEE authors. They are trying to put a corporate value on networks. You can't. That's like trying to value air… or the internet. They defy ownership.
Can a network be too open? Of course. Email, one could argue, is too open because it permits spam. It remains valuable only if I gain control over that spam thanks to enabling tools. Usenet was too open and there was no such control, so its value sank to nil. Some wonder whether MySpace will be too open or at least too big: When everyone is your friend, you have no friends. So here we see the value of niches and of communities: the right people in the right relationships. Small is the new big.
Does this argue against Metcalfe? Does it show, as the IEEE guys want to, that the exponential growth in the value of a network does not continue and, indeed, topples? No, the problem is that all these calculations leave out the most important X factor to which Metcalfe alludes: affinity. And affinity is fed by many of those human intangibles I listed above: relevance, emotional connections, convenience, reputation, and on and on. So, I will argue, the value of a network should be calculated with a multiplier, which is the value a network's members put on it:
Network value = the sum of the value each member of the network places in it.
But, of course, that is incalculable (what, again, is the dollar value of love?).
Does this further argue against Metcalfe that small networks can have more value than big networks? No, because one should value a network as the sum of its networks. We see the internet that way. We also should see the blogosphere that way. This is why I continue to think it is absurd and wrongheaded to analyze the blogosphere on its supposed A-list. The vast majority of people who read blogs never read any of the blogs on that A-for-alleged list. They read and interact with the ones that are meaningful to them. The blogosphere is not the value of the few on top or even of the total but instead of the unlimited connections enabled within. This is also why I see such power in networked journalism: the network is additive.
This is also about the mass of niches. When television as a medium stopped having to serve everyone at once — when cable, VCRs, and now the internet allowed it to serve smaller interests, tastes, and audiences — television as a whole grew; this explosion is far from over. Fewer people watch HBO than NBC but those who do clearly value it more because they pay for it.
And this is about the value of being the right size: I value the Continental President's Club because everyone in the airport does not belong; if everyone did, its value would fall to nil. This isn't about snottiness. It is about control.
So all of this leads to my law — everybody has to have a law — which I think I first stated here and have restated ad nauseam.
Jarvis' Law: Give the people control, and we will use it. The corollary: Don't give us control, and you will lose us.
The more we control the network at the edge, the more valuable it is to us, and the more valuable it is as a whole, but the harder it is to own and control. Yet that doesn't stop you from making money. See: Google. It grew by making connections — establishing unlimited networks of information and now advertising — with content and connectivity it did not own or control. See Skype, which didn't so much grow its own value as deflate the value of its competitors down to their true worth as communications networks stripped of their monopolistic advantages. If you want to talk a bubble, there was none ever bigger than the artificial bubble of the telecommunications companies and their closed networks; open networks have certainly popped that. (See Isenberg's Law: "Just deliver the bits, stupid." See also Yochai Benkler's The Wealth of Networks.)
I think the next valuable network will rise out of helping us find the good stuff in video anywhere — not just on networks and not just on YouTube, anywhere.
But the truly valuable network, the network of networks, the unbreakable bubble of bubbles, will be the one that manages to bring people together wherever we are, not just on MySpace (read: RupertsSpace), not just in Flickr or Del.icio.us, and not even just in the blogosphere, but everywhere. The internet doesn't need more social networks. The internet is the social network. We have our identities, interests, reputations, relationships, information, and lives here, and we're adding more every day. The network enabler that manages to help us tie these together to find not just connections or email addresses or information or songs but people — friends, colleagues, teachers, students, partners, lovers — across this open world, that will be the owner of the biggest network of them all: The Google of people.
I'm no mathematician or scientist, so I have to express this in words, but here's the way I calculate the value of networks:
The Law of Open Networks: The more open a network is, the more control there is at the edges, the more the edges value the network, the more the network is worth.
The business lessons from this: Any choke point of control, via ownership, decreases the value of the network. Enablers increase the value of the network. The network will abhor and find ways around choke points. The network will value enablers and that is the point at which value may be extracted from the network. The value in networks in the open future is not in ownership and control but in enabling others to control.
: And as if all that's not enough, see also Tom Evslin and Fred Wilson on Reed's Law — which holds, in Fred's words, that "if each node of the network was itself a network (a GFN) then the value of the network scales with the exponential of the number of nodes in the network" — and my clumsy efforts to get my head around it here and here. Fred Wilson begs Metcalfe to also tackle Reed. See as well Umair Haque on Google and Reed and on Metcalfe and the edge.
: Here's Om Malik on Metcalfe.
: Proving that one Hugh cartoon is worth 1,200 of my words:


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Starvation and Behavior
The findings of the "Minnesota Starvation Experiment†conducted at the close of WWII in contemplation of the recovery of millions of Europeans who during the war had suffered from starvation. This is included here because of how it bears on dieting. Ramadan fasting must affect an individual's ability to cope with and regulate food intake, which is an added dimension to what was already an interesting experiment.
The following is an adaptation of "Handbook for Treatment of Eating Disorders" p. 145-177 by David M. Garner, Ph.D., which describes a study performed by Ancel Keyes at the University of Minnesota.
The short version: Physically AND mentally healthy MEN were given a diet of about 1/2 their normal intake for about 6 months. Almost all of the men began to show symptoms and behaviors identical to those seen in people with EDs. Then, when the starvation phase was ended, the men continued to show drastically unhealthy behaviors regarding food and overall mental health.
Starvation Symptoms
One of the most important advancements in the understanding of eating disorders is the recognition that severe and prolonged dietary restriction can lead to serious physical and psychological complications (Garner, 1997). Many of the symptoms once thought to be primary features of anorexia nervosa are actually symptoms of starvation. Given what we know about the biology of weight regulation, what is the impact of weight suppression on the individual? This is particularly relevant for those with anorexia nervosa, but is also important for people with eating disorders who have lost significant amounts of body weight. Perhaps the most powerful illustration of the effects of restrictive dieting and weight loss on behavior is an experimental study conducted almost 50 years ago and published in 1950 by Ancel Keys and his colleagues at the University of Minnesota (Keys et al., 1950). The experiment involved carefully studying 36 young, healthy, psychologically normal men while restricting their caloric intake for 6 months. More than 100 men volunteered for the study as an alternative to military service; the 36 selected had the highest levels of physical and psychological health, as well as the most commitment to the objectives of the experiment. What makes the "starvation study" (as it is commonly known) so important is that many of the experiences observed in the volunteers are the same as those experienced by patients with eating disorders. This section of this chapter is a summary of the changes observed in the Minnesota study.
During the first 3 months of the semistarvation experiment, the volunteers ate normally while their behavior, personality, and eating patterns were studied in detail. During the next 6 months, the men were restricted to approximately half of their former food intake and lost, on average, approximately 25% of their former weight. Although this was described as a study of "semistarvation," it is important to keep in mind that cutting the men's rations to half of their former intake is precisely the level of caloric deficit used to define "conservative" treatments for obesity (Stunkard, 1993). The 6 months of weight loss were followed by 3 months of rehabilitation, during which the men were gradually refed. A subgroup was followed for almost 9 months after the re-feeding began. Most of the results were reported for only 32 men, since 4 men were withdrawn either during or at the end of the semistarvation phase. Although the individual responses to weight loss varied considerably, the men experienced dramatic physical, psychological, and social changes. In most cases, these changes persisted during the rehabilitation or re-nourishment phase.
Attitudes and Behavior Related to Food and Eating
One of the most of the striking changes that occurred in the volunteers was a dramatic increase in food preoccupations. The men found concentration on their usual activities increasingly difficult, because they became plagued by incessant thoughts of food and eating. During the semistarvation phase of the experiement, food became a principal topic of conversation, reading, and daydreams. Rating scales revealed that the men experienced an increase in thinking about food, as well as corresponding declines in interest in sex and activity during semistarvation. The actual words used in the original report are particularly revealing and the following quotations followed by page numbers in parentheses are from Keys et al. (1950) with permission of the University of Minnesota Press.
As starvation progressed, the number of men who toyed with their food increased. They made what under normal conditions would be weird and distasteful concoctions, . . . Those who ate in the common dining room smuggled out bits of food and consumed them on their bunks in a long-drawn-out ritual, . . . Toward the end of starvation some of the men would dawdle for almost two hours after a meal which previously they would have consumed in a matter of minutes, . . . Cookbooks, menus, and information bulletins on food production became intensely interesting to many of the men who previously had little or no interest in dietetics or agriculture. [The volunteers] often reported that they got a vivid vicarious pleasure from watching other persons eat or from just smelling food.
In addition to cookbooks and collecting recipes, some of the men even began collecting coffeepots, hot plates, and other kitchen utensils. According to the original report, hoarding even extended to non-food-related items such as "old books, unnecessary second-hand clothes, knick knacks, and other 'junk.Ã Often after making such purchases, which could be afforded only with sacrifice, the men would be puzzled as to why they had bought such more or less useless articles". One man even began rummaging through garbage cans. This general tendency to hoard has been observed in starved anorexic patients (Crisp, Hsu, & Harding, 1980) and even in rats deprived of food (Fantino & Cabanac, 1980). Despite little interest in culinary matters prior to the experiment, almost 40% of the men mentioned cooking as part of their postexperiment plans. For some, the fascination was so great that they actually changed occupations after the experiment; three became chefs, and one went into agriculture!
The Minnesota subjects were often caught between conflicting desires to gulp their food down ravenously and consume it slowly so that the taste and odor of each morsel would be fully appreciated. Toward the end of starvation some of the men would dawdle for almost two hours over a meal which previously they would have consumed in a matter of minutes. . .they did much planning as to how they would handle their day's allotment of food. The men demanded that their food be served hot, and they made unusual concoctions by mixing foods together, as noted above. There was also a marked increase in the use of salt and spices. The consumption of coffee and tea increased so dramatically that the men had to be limited to 9 cups per day; similarly, gum chewing became excessive and had to be limited after it was discovered that one man was chewing as many as 40 packages of gum a day and "developed a sore mouth from such continuous exercise.â€
During the 12-week refeeding phase of the experiment, most of the abnormal attitudes and behaviors in regard to food persisted. A small number of men found that their difficulties in this area were quite severe during the first 6 weeks of refeeding:
Binge Eating
During the restrictive dieting phase of the experiment, all of the volunteers reported increased hunger. Some appeared able to tolerate the experience fairly well, but for others it created intense concern and led to a complete breakdown in control. Several men were unable to adhere to their diets and reported episodes of binge eating followed by self-reproach. During the eighth week of starvation, one volunteer flagrantly broke the dietary rules, eating several sundaes and malted milks; he even stole some penny candies. He promptly confessed the whole episode, [and] became self-deprecatory". While working in a grocery store, another man suffered a complete loss of will power and ate several cookies, a sack of popcorn, and two overripe bananas before he could "regain control" of himself. He immediately suffered a severe emotional upset, with nausea, and upon returning to the laboratory he vomited. . .He was self-deprecatory, expressing disgust and self-criticism.
One man was released from the experiment at the end of the semistarvation period because of suspicions that he was unable to adhere to the diet. He experienced serious difficulties when confronted with unlimited access to food "He repeatedly went through the cycle of eating tremendous quantities of food, becoming sick, and then starting all over again". During the refeeding phase of the experiment, many of the men lost control of their appetites and "ate more or less continuously.â€
Even after 12 weeks of refeeding, the men frequently complained of increased hunger immediately following a large meal.
[One of the volunteers] ate immense meals (a daily estimate of 5,000-6,000 cal.) and yet started "snacking" an hour after he finished ameal.[Another] ate as much as he could hold during the three regular meals and ate snacks in the morning, afternoon and evening. Several men had spells of nausea and vomiting. One man required aspiration and hospitalization for several days.
During the weekends in particular, some of the men found it difficult to stop eating. Their daily intake commonly ranged between 8,000 and 10,000 calories, and their eating patterns were described as follows:
Subject No. 20 stuffs himself until he is bursting at the seams, to the point of being nearly sick and still feels hungry; No. 120 reported that he had to discipline himself to keep from eating so much as to become ill; No. 1 ate until he was uncomfortably full; and subject No. 30 had so little control over the mechanics of "piling it in" that he simply had to stay away from food because he could not find a point of satiation even when he was "full to the gills.". . ."I ate practically all weekend," reported subject No. 26. . .Subject No. 26 would just as soon have eaten six meals instead of three.
After about 5 months of refeeding, the majority of the men reported some normalization of their eating patterns, but for some the extreme overconsumption persisted "No. 108 would eat and eat until he could hardly swallow any more and then he felt like eating half an hour later". More than 8 months after renourishment began, most men had returned to normal eating patterns; however, a few were still eating abnormal amounts "No. 9 ate about 25 percent more than his pre-starvation amount; once he started to reduce but got so hungry he could not stand it".
Factors distinguishing men who rapidly normalized their eating from those who continued to eat prodigious amounts were not identified. Nevertheless, the main findings here are as follows: Serious binge eating developed in a subgroup of men, and this tendency persisted in come cases for months after free access to food was reintroduced; however, the majority of men reported gradually returning to eating normal amounts of food after about 5 months of refeeding. Thus, the fact that binge eating was experimentally produced in some of these normal young men should temper speculations about primary psychological disturbances as the cause of binge eating in patients with eating disorders. These findings are supported by a large body of research indicating that habitual dieters display marked overcompensation in eating behavior that is similar to the binge eating observed in eating disorders (Polivy & Herman, 1985, 1987; Wardle & Beinart, 1981). Polivy et al., (1994) compared a group of former World War II prisoners of war and non-interned veterans and found that the former prisoners lost an average of 10.5 Kg. They also reported a significantly higher frequency of binge eating than non-interned veterans according to a self-report questionnaire sent by mail.
Emotional and Personality Changes
The experimental procedures involved selecting volunteers who were the most physically and psychologically robust. "The psychobiological 'stamina' of the subjects was unquestionably superior to that likely to be found in any random or more generally representative sample of the population.â€
Although the subjects were psychologically healthy prior to the experiment, most experienced significant emotional deterioration as a result of semistarvation. Most of the subjects experienced periods during which their emotional distress was quite severe; almost 20% experienced extreme emotional deterioration that markedly interfered with their functioning. Depression became more severe during the course of the experiment. Elation was observed occasionally, but this was inevitably followed by "low periods." Mood swings were extreme for some of the volunteers:
[One subject] experienced a number of periods in which his spirits were definitely high. . . These elated periods alternated with times in which he suffered "a deep dark depression."
Irritability and frequent outbursts of anger were common, although the men had quite tolerant dispositions prior to starvation. For most subjects, anxiety became more evident. As the experiment progressed, many of the formerly even-tempered men began biting their nails or smoking because they felt nervous. Apathy also became common, and some men who had been quite fastidious neglected various aspects of personal hygiene. During semistarvation, two subjects developed disturbances of "psychotic" proportions. During the refeeding period, emotional disturbance did not vanish immediately but persisted for several weeks, with some men actually becoming more depressed, irritable, argumentative, and negativistic than they had been during semistarvation. After two weeks of refeeding, one man reported his extreme reaction in his diary:
I have been more depressed than ever in my life. . .I thought that there was only one thing that would pull me out of the doldrums, that is release from C.P.S. [the experiment] I decided to get rid of some fingers. Ten days ago, I jacked up my car and let the car fall on these fingers. . .It was premeditated.
Several days latter, this man actually did chop off three fingers of one hand in response to the stress.
Standardized personality testing with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) revealed that semistarvation resulted in significant increases on the Depression, Hysteria, and Hpochondriasis scales. The MMPI profiles for a small minority of subjects confirmed the clinical impression of incredible deterioration as a result of semistarvation. One man who scored well within normal limits at initial testing, but after 10 weeks of semistarvation and a weight loss of only about 4.5 kg (10 pounds, or approximately 7% of his original body weight), gross personality disturbances were evident on the MMPI. Depression and general disorganization were particularly striking consequences of starvation for several of the men who became the most emotionally disturbed.
Social and Sexual Changes
The extraordinary impact of semistarvation was reflected in the social changes experienced by most of the volunteers. Although originally quite gregarious, the men became progressively more withdrawn and isolated. Humor and the sense of comradeship diminished amidst growing feelings of social inadequacy. The volunteers' social contacts with women also declined sharply during semistarvation. Those who continued to see women socially found that the relationships became strained. These changes are illustrated in the account from one man's diary:
I am one of about three or four who still go out with girls. I fell in love with a girl during the control period but I see her only occasionally now. It's almost too much trouble to see her even when she visits me in the lab. It requires effort to hold her hand. Entertainment must be tame. If we see a show, the most interesting part of it is contained in scenes where people are eating.
Sexual interests were likewise drastically reduced. Masturbation, sexual fantasies, and sexual impulses either ceased or became much less common. One subject graphically stated that he had "no more sexual feeling than a sick oyster." (Even this peculiar metaphor made reference to food.) Keys et al. observed that "many of the men welcomed the freedom from sexual tensions and frustrations normally present in young adult men" (p. 840). The fact that starvation perceptibly altered sexual urges and associated conflicts is of particular interest, since it has been hypothesized that this process is the driving force behind the dieting of many anorexia nervosa patients. According to Crisp (1980), anorexia nervosa is a adaptive disorder in the sense that it curtails sexual concerns for which the adolescent feels unprepared. During rehabilitation, sexual interest was slow to return. Even after 3 months, the men judged themselves to be far from normal in this area. However, after 8 months of renourishment, virtually all of the men had recovered their interest in sex.
Cognitive and Physical Changes
The volunteers reported impaired concentration, alertness, comprehension, and judgment during semistarvation; however, formal intellectual testing revealed no signs of diminished intellectual abilities. As the 6 months of semistarvation progressed, the volunteers exhibited many physical changes, including gastrointestinal discomfort; decreased need for sleep; dizziness; headaches; hypersensitivity to noise and light; reduced strength; poor motor control; edema (an excess of fluid causing swelling); hair loss; decreased tolerance for cold temperatures (cold hands and feet); visual disturbances (i.e., inability to focus, eye aches, "spots" in the visual fields); auditory disturbances (i.e., ringing noise in the ears); and paresthesias (i.e., abnormal tingling or prickling sensations, especially in the hands or feet).
Various changes reflected an overall slowing of the body's physiological processes. There were decreases in body temperature, heart rate, and respiration, as well as in basal metabolic rate (BMR). BMR is the amount of energy (in calories) that the body requires at rest (i.e., no physical activity) in order to carry out normal physiological processes. It accounts for about two-thirds of the body's total energy needs, with the remainder being used during physical activity. At the end of semistarvation, the men's BMRs had dropped by about 40% from normal levels. This drop, as well as other physical changes, reflects the body's extraordinary ability to adapt to low caloric intake by reducing its need for energy. More recent recent research has shown that metabolic rate is markedly reduced even among dieters who do not have a history of dramatic weight loss (Platte, Wurmser, Wade, Mecheril & Pirke, 1996). During refeeding, Keys et al. found that metabolism speeded up, with those consuming the greatest number of calories experiencing the largest rise in BMR. The group of volunteers who received a relatively small increment in calories during refeeding (400 calories more than during semistarvation) had no rise in BMR for the first 3 weeks. Consuming larger amounts of food caused a sharp increase in the energy burned through metabolic processes.
Significance of the "Starvation Studyâ€
As is readily apparent from the preceding description of the Minnesota experiment, many of the symptoms that might have been thought to be specific to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are actually the results of starvation (Pirke & Ploog, 1987). These are not limited to food and weight, but extend to virtually all areas of psychological and social functioning. Since many of the symptoms that have been postulated to cause these disorders may actually result from undernutrition, it is absolutely essential that weight be returned to "normal" levels so that psychological functioning can be accurately assessed.
The profound effects of starvation also illustrate the tremendous adaptive capacity of the human body and the intense biological pressure on the organism to maintain a relatively consistent body weight. … The Keys et al. "starvation study" illustrates how the human being becomes more oriented toward food when starved and how other pursuits important to the survival of the species (e.g., social and sexual functioning) become subordinate to the primary drive toward food.
One of the most notable implications of the Minnesota experiment is that it challenges the popular notion that body weight is easily altered if one simply exercises a bit of "willpower." It also demonstrates that the body is not simply "reprogrammed" at a lower set point once weight loss has been achieved. The volunteers' experimental diet was unsuccessful in overriding their bodies' strong propensity to defend a particular weight level. Again, it is important to emphasize that following the months of refeeding, the Minnesota volunteers did not skyrocket into obesity. On the average, they gained back their original weight plus about 10%; then, over the next 6 months, their weight gradually declined. By the end of the follow-up period, they were approaching their preexperiment weight levels.
Providing patients with eating disorders with the above account of the semistarvation study can be very useful in giving them an "explanation" for many of the emotional, cognitive and behavioral symptoms that they experience. This as well as other educational materials (Garner, 1997) is based on the assumption that eating disorder patients often suffer from misconceptions about the factors that cause and then maintain symptoms. It is further assumed that patients may be less likely to persist in self-defeating symptoms if they are made truly aware of the scientific evidence regarding factors that perpetuate eating disorders. The educational approach conveys the message that the responsibility for change rests with the patient; this is aimed at increasing motivation and reducing defensiveness. The operating assumption is that the patient is a responsible and rational partner in a collaborative relationship.


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Sunday, March 4, 2012
Pillow Talk Swap 7 ~ Reveal
21 comments:
Very cute, I like it!!ReplyDelete
If she doesn't LOVE it, please send it my way!!! It is gorgeous. I LOVE the colors, the crispness and the stitching on it.ReplyDelete
It's great Terri! Bright and fresh. Normally I'm not a mustard fan, but on this pillow, you've made me like it!ReplyDelete
Terrific color palette..what tute do you use for pillows?ReplyDelete
I didn't participate in this round but would have loved to receive this beauty Terri!ReplyDelete
I love this pillow! Great job :)ReplyDelete
It`s really beautiful - I love the colour palette you have used. Simply gorgeous.ReplyDelete
Just perfect!!ReplyDelete
Totally in love! Adorable Terri!ReplyDelete
I LOVE IT! It´s so fresh and stiching in matching colors, is just perfect!ReplyDelete
(sorry for my english, hope you understand)
Ooh, I absolutely love, great colours/fabrics and fab patternsReplyDelete
Who wouldn't love that super gorgeous, classic pillow? Your stitches are beautiful, as is all of the finishing. Great job!!ReplyDelete
Thank you everyon for the AWESOME feedback. You are all so wonderful/ReplyDelete
Terri, beautiful work, as usual!ReplyDelete
Glad you're home safe and hope the week is a good one for you!
Oh my gosh I love it. Would you consider doing a tutorial?ReplyDelete
Your pillow looks fabulous, I am amazed with your sewing abilities, just wonderful!!ReplyDelete
Would love a tutorial also! Its lovely.ReplyDelete
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