text:
The German hug has been the general image of enjoy, devotion, sympathy, or lust. Several movie writers, experts, and poets have applied the German hug to show these thoughts, as well, over decades. You too may learn how to German hug to add these thoughts into your connection with ease.
If you are however looking to get on the nervousness that German getting provides along with it self, it is okay. Just realize when your spouse isn't using the first step, you will have to make the very first move. More than likely your partner or sweetheart is just as scared to German hug you when you are scared to German hug him or her. Once you determined to produce this leap, then you should try to learn and recall the basics.
You might need to start by practicing on various things to boost your confidence level in yourself. Take to licking soft serve ice product or getting your hands 918kissme. The way your tongue techniques once you do this should be the same way that it techniques once you German hug your partner. Don't be discouraged, and bear in mind that practice makes perfect. Should you feel that you have garnered up enough confidence, then you are prepared to maneuver onto the next standard step.
All the rules that apply while typical getting connect with German kissing. Maintaining your eyes shut is really a must. If you may not achieve this, your spouse can believe that you may not want to hug or are bored. How would you feel if you had been intimately getting your spouse and you found out he or she had the eyes start? In addition to your eyes, you will need to be sure that once you get in for all your kisses, you hold your mind moved to one part, if it be remaining or right. Doing this makes certain that you may not bump noses with your partner.
German getting is fueled by attraction. Therefore, you will need to gown and scent in a way that is many appealing to your partner. Just take to to keep in mind an wardrobe that the sweetheart or partner said he or she actually liked on you. If you wear a thing that attracts your spouse, his / her mood is likely to be collection, and he or she may wish to hug you badly. Use great sensing cologne and perfume in order to increase interest actually further.
Once you feel confident in your self, established strong interest, and used, you're more than prepared for the last stage of how to master to German kiss. Just behave peaceful, and hug your spouse as you usually would. Take to slowing points down for an even more passionate, passionate feel. Once you feel like the full time is correct, all you need to complete is start the mouth area a little and stick your tongue into his / her mouth. Sense and touch your tongue upon his / her tongue, and then take your tongue out. Just experiment about a little to get what is many comfortable for equally you and your partner. What feels great for you might not feel great for the spouse; thus, you might need to produce some compromises, and that is normal.
It is critical that you maintain excellent dental hygiene – equally generally speaking social conditions, and if you are about to possess your first kiss. Nobody loves poor breath. Prevent ingredients that could trigger stinky breath like garlic or onion and carry some gum or mints to freshen your breath. Brushing your teeth and flossing regularly may help avoid "poor breath situations" generally speaking and support boost your dental health.


text:
For the New Business Models for News Project at CUNY a key model we want to build is hyperlocal.
There are, of course, many views of hyperlocal and it will involve many different kinds of players, from sole bloggers to news organizations. The way I'd like to attack this is to try to create one or two optimal models for sustaining coverage in a towns, or collection of small towns, or neighborhoods in a city – the size of critical mass of the ideal minimarket is itself a key question.
I can anticipate Bob Wyman, one of the most valuable commenters here, scolding me for limiting myself to a traditional, geographically based structure. I wouldn't argue. We will need many models that focus on coverage of shared interests as well and that will intersect with local services. But I'm starting here because the analogue is something we understand so well.
A key assumption that underpins my optimism for the future of news is that there is a new population of highly targeted (by geography or interest) businesses who never were served by news organizations that were to big, expensive, and inefficient. We will need to serve them in new ways – no longer selling scarcity in banners for eyeballs but in creating new services that help them succeed, in acting as a platform for their success. That brainstorming will be an important element of the project.
Note also that this set of models will feed into another set looking at this from the perspective of a metropolitan area, what we call the Philadelphia Project (i.e., what fills the void if and when its papers die); that will be the subject of an upcoming post. [I know, Bob, I'm still holding to old geographic models but after we plow through these, we'll start working on national and international marketplaces of content and communities and they, too, will feed into these models).
One more note: I keep calling these models but they'll really be more strategic plans. "Model" brings to mind a single spreadsheet describing a very finite business. The aim of these plans is more to show possibilities, to draw out specifics, to encourage further development and investment.
The first step in working on each of these models is to gather data. Here, I outlined a list for the discussion about paid content. Now, I'll outline a starter list of information to collect about a hyperlocal market.
Experience: We'll be grateful for every example you can give of local sites serving a small area (that is, smaller than a city) with basic metrics: size of the market, unique audience, pageviews, kind and mix of advertising and number of advertisers, revenue. We'll also want to know the competitive landscape online: Is there a local weekly? Are there multiple blogs? Bulletin boards and forums?
Content and service: What kind of content, service, and conversation work? What does a local community really need in terms of coverage? How specialized does this get (e.g., mommy blogs)? What services could be needed (e.g., enabling people to schedule meetups and events)? What does a hyperlocal craigslist look like?
Market size: Out of this, we'll want to start developing a picture of the elemental unit of hyperlocal: critical mass sufficient to build a site big enough to succeed. We'll also want to try to get to definitions of local – town, neighborhood, county, group of towns (what do people mean when they say local; what do advertisers mean?).
Present advertising market: How much do local advertisers from the minimarket spend today? What is the proportion of larger advertising in the market attributable to the audience in this market (that is, if a network of hyperlocal sites competed with, say, a newspapers, how much is the potential for each member)?
Potential advertisers: In a given sized market, we'll want to get a census of the possible advertisers: how many by category, whether they advertised before (newspapers, yellow pages, etc.), what they're doing online (web site, Google ads, etc.). The more we can learn about
Advertisers' needs: We will need to talk with local advertisers to find out what their needs are. As I said, they're not going to be met by banners and CPMs. Do they need help on the internet and even with SEO (that was one conclusion of the revenue panel at our conference on New Business Models for News in October)? What other services could a local service or larger network provide?
Network potential: I don't think a lone hyperlocal blogger in a town can reach optimum value with revenue just from that town. It will need to be part of a larger network (this is where it dovetails with the Philadelphia Project)) both to receive revenue from larger advertisers (the BestBuy gambit) and to have the ability to sell hyperlocal advertisers into a larger network (e.g., a store that draws customers from multiple towns).
Other revenue: Are local services finding any other revenue? Selling goods or services? Holding events?
Sales methods: With a finite population of advertisers, newspapers and broadcasters did very little selling (they'll argue with that); they maintained lists. In reaching and serving new advertisers, we need new methods and need to be concerned about scale and efficiency. I've talked a lot about citizen sales. We also need to hear what's working and not: telesales, direct marketing, automated online offerings, etc.
Pricing: What do we know about pricing new models to very small local advertisers?
Contributions: I'm favoring for-profit models but, of course, there are many local services supported by contributions. How much have they been able to get?
The value of volunteering: This is the hardest to calculate but is critical to the local models: People are contributing to the newssphere because they want to, because they care. With help, I'm confident they'll do more. That's part of what we're trying to discover at CUNY in our work with The Local at the New York Times: how communities can be supported to report on themselves. This could be podcasting a school-board meeting or crowdsourcing projects or looking up records. This, like new ad models, will be the subject of some speculative brainstorming. And it will be difficult to put numbers to it. But it's critical.
That all looks large and complicated, but in the end, our work on this model – this strategy – may look as simple as creating optimal scenarios for The Local or a local blog like Baristanet to succeed: maximum revenue from many sources to support maximum coverage.
[I wrote this on a plane ride and have no brain left so I apologize for typos and missing links; I'll followup with those.]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Creating custom Facebook page tabs can really give your page some extra WOW. It's not too hard, but I found there were some quirks. So here is a quick tutorial to hopefully help you make it though the process with your hair and nails in their proper place Warning, this post is VERY long...
This most consuming part is making the tab images themselves.
Here is how I do it, there may be other ways, but I know this way…
In Paint, make a large blank file and save it. I have one that I use all the time for tons of different stuff, it's my master copy and always in the same spot.
Upload to PicMonkey.com
Crop to dimensions needed…in this case 111x74
Now you can play around with this, I'll show you a very basic way to the buttons and you just have fun playing around with it.
You can do one solid color or your own picture.
To do a picture go to Overlays (the shapes). At the top you'll see 'Your Own'. I did this in order to get my blog background the background of the buttons or you can insert a picture of yourself like you'll see me do for my 'Meet Alex' tab…(it just already has to be somewhere on your computer)
I won't go in depth with that, but play around, have fun, be creative.
The other thing you can do is a solid background for this go to Effect (the beaker looking thing)
Scroll down and select 'Warhol'
Edit Color 2 to the color you want and click Apply. (If this is the color you want for the rest of your buttons go ahead and save this one as another 'master' copy so you can skip the previous couple steps.)
Now go to the 'P' on the left for adding text. Add and edit whatever text you'd like. Note: it will look blurry if you've zoomed in but will be fine when you add it to Facebook.
Lastly save to your computer (make sure not to replace any 'master' copies you have- change the name).
And that is the PicMonkey part…hope it made sense.
Onto Facebook…
Alright, so I just made a page to be the example. Here you can see there is only the photos tab currently.
I'm going to show you how to do the tabs using Woobox. I'm sure there are other ways and other apps you could use. This is just the one I used and know how to explain. So let's continue…
Search for Woobox in the search bar. Click the App one.
This is what will pull up, click 'install page tab'
Select which Facebook page you wish to add it to.
Then you'll get a page like this and this is your 'Welcome' page settings. There are lots of fun things to do here.
1) Next to this arrow there are three icons that mean pop out window, lock admin access (in case there are multiple admins, and preview mode. Preview mode allows you to keep the tab invisible so you can edit and play with it until you're ready for people to see it.
2) This is where you choose what content you want in this tab.
a. URL: have this tab pull content directly from a URL (your homepage, about me page, etc.) but stay in Facebook.
b. Redirect: Enter the URL you want to redirect to and it will leave Facebook and go to this site when someone clicks on it.
c.Image: Upload and image.
d. HTML: you can enter plain text or HTML code from somewhere. Just enter in the box below.
Down towards the bottom of the page, here's what you've got.
Fan-Gate: If I understand correctly you can choose to make certain content private unless the person viewing it is a fan of your page.
Form-Gate: same thing but they would (if you had it turned on) have to fill out a form to see the content. This would be a great way to capture emails/info in exchange for special content you want to offer.
Tab Name: Edit the name of the tab, we'll keep it Welcome for this tab, but will change it later.
Tab Icon: This is a basic image upload. Upload the image you've designed now.
Be sure to save settings after making any changes
This will pop up when you press save settings the first time. Click Grant permission…and then 'allow' on the next screen. After that you won't see this when editing an existing page.
Ok, let's add another tab. Again, this is my own little way I found to add the tab. I don't know why I didn't find any other way, but feel free to follow these instructions.
At the bottom of your page, once you've edited and saved, you'll see 'Install Another Tab'. Hover the mouse over the spot light looking icon and this will appear. I recommend going in order, click the farthest to the left (or vise versa) because you can only have so many and you'll get an error if you try to add 'HTML Page Tab 2' more than once…
Again select the page you want to add it to…
Tab Settings Page. Edit the Tab Name and Upload a tab image. Edit any other settings you'd like. For my 'About Alex' page I had it redirect to my blog page with the same name…more below. Save settings.
So far so good…
ok new tab. To get to a new tab (again a quirk I couldn't figure out an easier way.) I clicked on 'Welcome' (or any tab that doesn't redirect)–> Settings in the upper right –>
scroll to the bottom to the spot light image and hover, click the next consecutive image as mentioned above.
For this next page I decided to do a redirect. This will take anyone who clicks on the 'Blog' tab is taken straight to my Blog. You can see here, I inserted the URL I want it to take guests to…Edit anything else you'd like, upload an image and save!
Now, how about a Pinterest tab so people can follow you on Pinterest? You could do it two ways…add a tab like we've been doing and just do a URL redirect with the link to your Pinterest page (leaving Facebook). OR when you click on 'Welcome' tab you'll see there's a little Pinterest icon.
Add to your page
It takes a while to load so be patient. Enter your Pinterest user name and decide which settings you'd like. Do you want to show all your board or only select boards here?
And FanGate off or on? SAVE! don't forget to save!
Ok now we're back to the main page. Maybe you want to rearrange the order of the tabs?
Click the down arrow next to the tabs (you have to do that before you edit) Then hover over the tab you want to move. The pencil appears in the upper right. Click the pencil and you'll see the drop down menu of 'Swap Position with' and choices. Choose which where you want to move it.
And there you go…
I really hope that made sense and was able to help you out…Let me know if I need to clarify anything or if you have any questions.
Time For A Party


text: And no, that's not an exaggeration. The reviews for Veet for Men Hair Removal Gel, over at Amazon UK are both alarming and sort of encouragingly insane. They leave you with a sense that the spirit of heedless exploration and devil-may-care experimentation that built our industrial society remains fully intact, because there are still people out there who are willing to go where no man has gone before. (Or that there are some jokers who see Amazon reviews as a great place to post new comedy bits. Let's hope it's the latter.) [Thanks to Uriel Walker!]


text:
Living with a chronic illness, such as diabetes or Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), can change your life in many ways. Not only are you trying to manage your health, you may find it harder to manage home, work or school responsibilities. Your illness might affect your physical abilities and independence. Physical and emotional stress can magnify your symptoms and may lead to depression.
Although it is normal to feel some stress and sadness when managing a chronic illness, you should contact a doctor or health care professional if these feelings linger or increase. There is help for managing stress and treating depression, and treatment can be covered under your health plan benefits.
Most of the common symptoms of stress and depression are the same:
- Aches and pains, headaches, cramps or digestive problems that do not ease with the appropriate treatment
- Being tired all the time
- Difficulty concentrating, remembering or making decisions
- Difficulty sleeping
- Feelings of hopelessness, guilt, worthlessness or helplessness
- Muscle tension
- Loss of appetite or overeating
- Loss of interest in hobbies and activities that you once enjoyed
- Ongoing sad, anxious or empty feelings
- Restlessness or irritability
- Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts
Having good coping strategies and finding support are key interventions. If you or a family member have any of the signs and symptoms listed above, talk to your doctor or another health care professional immediately. It is important to deal with the stress, and treat both the chronic illness and depression at the same time.
This article is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read in this article.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor, go to the emergency department, or call 911 immediately.


text:
The Medicare Coverage Database (MCD) contains all National Coverage Determinations
(NCDs) and Local Coverage Determinations (LCDs), local articles, and proposed
NCD decisions. The database also includes several other types of National Coverage
policy related documents, including National Coverage Analyses (NCAs), Coding Analyses
for Labs (CALs), Medicare Evidence Development & Coverage Advisory Committee
(MEDCAC) proceedings, and Medicare coverage guidance documents.
The MCD offers multiple ways to locate and view data:
The MCD is intended for use by Medicare contractors, providers, and other healthcare
industry professionals. People with Medicare, family members, and caregivers should
Medicare.gov opens in new window
, the official U.S. Government site for people with Medicare, for the latest information
on Medicare enrollment, benefits, and other helpful tools.
Section 522 of the Benefits Improvement and Protection Act (BIPA) defines an LCD as a decision by a fiscal intermediary (FI) or carrier whether to cover a particular service on an intermediary-wide or carrier-wide basis in accordance with Section 1862(a)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act (e.g., a determination as to whether the service or item is reasonable and necessary).
FIs, Carriers, and Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs) are Medicare contractors that develop and/or adopt LCDs. Medicare contractors develop LCDs when there is no National Coverage Determination (NCD) or when there is a need to further define an NCD. The guidelines for LCD development are provided in Chapter 13 of the Medicare Program Integrity Manual.
A local policy may consist of two separate, though closely related documents: the LCD and an associated article. The LCD only contains reasonable and necessary language. Any non-reasonable and necessary language a Medicare contractor wishes to communicate to providers may be done through the article. At the end of an LCD that has an associated article, there is a link to the related article and vice versa.
An asterisk (*) indicates a required
OR BY DOCUMENT TYPE (Currently in Effect Only):
*Select Geographic Area/Region:
View county listings for split states opens in new window
View region descriptions opens in new window
*Keyword(s) (Title Only):
more search power? Try Advanced Search
Local Coverage Documents (LCDs) that have been retired for more than 2 years (i.e., an
ending date or revision ending date older than 2 years) are stored in the MCD Archive
Database. Also, stored in the MCD Archive Database are Draft LCDs that have
been released to Final LCDs at least 6 months prior. Please visit the
MCD Archive Site
to view them.
The MCD includes a comment tool that the public can use to submit comments on National
Coverage documents open for public comment.


text:
It's just 13 generations between me and a Catholic martyr.
My ancestor, Elizabeth Bowling, was married to immigrant Thomas Speak(e), sometime before November of 1663, probably in St. Mary's County, Maryland. In the fall of 2013, the Speak Family Association undertook a trip back to the homeland of both Speak and Bowling families, both from Lancashire, England, about 30 miles distant from each other. In preparation for the trip, I compiled information about the Bowling family from various sources. Aside from the DNA portion, little of this is my original research. I am grateful to all of the original contributors for their diligence and hard work, much of it done in the churches in England.
According to cousin Harold Speake, now deceased, Thomas Speak(e), who may have been an indentured servant, arrived from England sometime before 1662. We know that in 1662, he was arrested for debt, so he had been here long enough to acquire that debt.
We know that Maryland was organized as a haven for Catholics, persecuted in England, and the Speake family was indeed Catholic. They were in England, their family records being found in the original Catholic, now Protestant, church in Gisburn, and they were in the colonies as well. Bowling Speake, born in 1674, the son of Thomas Speake and Elizabeth Bowling was prosecuted and proudly pled guilty in June of 1752 for publicly drinking to the health of the "Pretender," the Catholic and deposed King James. In other words, Bowling was Catholic and proudly and publicly so, regardless of the consequences.
The Bowling family was also Catholic in England as well as in Maryland. They lived near and in the village of Chorley and the area of Charnock Richard, some 30 miles from Gisburn, in Lancashire. The Bowling family members found themselves on the list of recusants, in other words, devout, religious warriors or stubborn, unrepentant Catholics, depending on your perspective.
On the map below, A is Chorley and B is Gisburn, both in Lancashire.
No record of the marriage of Elizabeth Bowling and Thomas Speake has been found in the UK churches, so it's presumed that they married after both families settled in St. Mary's County, Maryland. They probably both lived at or near Boarman's Manor, given that Elizabeth's brother James is recorded as living there. There was only one Catholic church in that area at that time, and both families likely attended. We were told during our visit in 2011 that the early church services were held in people's homes. If your religion was enough to lose your land and your life for, holding and attending services was something that would have been a very important part of everyday life. And of course, they would have sought other Catholics to marry.
In his article, "The Bowlings of Boarman's Manor," Jeffrey Wills, Bowling family historian, tells us that the records of early Maryland give evidence of the Bowling family starting with James Bowling (1636-1693) who arrived in the province sometime before 1658. The Bowlings became associated with other Catholics who eventually settled on Boarman's Manor in what is now Charles County, Maryland. James had no children from his two marriages, but his will makes clear that there were descendants from his siblings, John (died 1684), Thomas (died 1700) and Elizabeth who married Thomas Speake.
Jeffrey states that the family in Maryland was Catholic and possibly shoemakers by trade. Court records exist that establish relationships with a couple of people, neither of whom have been identified, but the most important clue to the Bowling origin comes from a 1734 deposition, where it is stated that John Bowling, brother to James, "came from Lancashire and left a brother there by the name of Roger Bowling" (Charles Co. Court Rec. R2, 528). Now we have the names of three brothers: John, James and Roger Bowling.
The Bowlings In Lancashire
In Lancashire, practically the only family of the Bowling name is one centered in Charnock Richard in the parish of Standish. T. C. Porteus, in his 1927 history of the parish, describes the township of Charnock Richard as "a nursery of recusants," meaning a hotbed of Catholic nonconformity to the new Elizabethan church. Among the recusants listed there in 1628 are a John Bowling and wife. The township of Chorley is adjacent and there is a village of Chesham is about 15 miles southeast, shown on the Lancashire map below, both names that the Bowling family of Maryland used for their land holdings.
One problem with the Bowling family, and most English families of this timeframe, is that they reused every first name in every generation. That means if your father's name was John, then one son would be named John, and one grandchild in every child's family would be named John. If the original John had 10 living children, that means he had 1 son John and 10 grandsons John and in the next generation, using the same math, there would be 100 Johns in just the original John's line. And every family had someone named John. If you were lucky, your ancestor was named something like Balthasar, not John. But in both the Speake and Bowling families, there were lots of Johns, James and Williams, etc.
Originally, the Bowling family that James and Elizabeth belonged to were identified as the children of Roger Bowling of Charnock Richard, a shoemaker who wrote a will 17 Sept. 1673, proved on 10 Nov. 1673. He refers to his children: John Bowling, Thomas Bowling, James Bowling, Ann Bowling, Jenet Bowling, eldest daughter Elizabeth (wife of John Catliffe). He also mentioned a grandson Roger Bowling, son of John.
However, the information about Elizabeth Bowling being married to John Catliffe, given that "our" Elizabeth married Thomas Speake, had to be reconciled. Some have suggested that John Speake, the innkeeper, might have been Thomas Speake's child by a first, unknown, wife, with Elizabeth perhaps marrying Thomas as a widow in 1773, having Bowling in 1774. There is no evidence to support this speculation.
The Bowlings in England are not easy to unravel.
The baptisms of about fifty Bowlings are attested from the 1550 to 1650, and Roger is a name found in several generations, so locating the specific line is not straightforward. The fact that there is no baptismal record for the children mentioned in Roger's will of 1673 suggests that there could be many more Bowlings than attested in the Anglican church records. Of course, Catholics attempted to prevent their children from being baptized in the Anglican church – and apparently often succeeded, much to the chagrin of genealogists today.
Jeffrey suggested that Elizabeth Bowling Speak's line was as follows:
- Elizabeth, daughter of
- Roger "the shoemaker" Bowling, born 1619 who married Elizabeth, son of
- Hugh Bowling, born 1591 who married Ellen Finch, son of
- Raffe Bollling
Shirley Bowling Platt along with Jean Purdy, in England, have put together a summary of information as well. Shirley was kind enough to send me her detailed work, for which I am exceedingly grateful, and I have extracted from it below.
Jean and Shirley found additional information that proves that our Elizabeth Bowling was not the Elizabeth Bowling who married John Catliffe, so our Elizabeth was not Roger the shoemaker's daughter.
Jean says, "Burt saw Roger's original will which is now too fragile to see. He thought her husband's name was Ratcliffe. I have never found any Catliffes, but Radcliffes or Ratcliffes abound. The family originated in Radcliffe Towers, the ruins of which are about 200 yards from where I live. The chapel there was used by Catholics throughout the penal years. Steuart Bowling drew my attention to a marriage in 1672 on IGI of a John Radcliffe to Elizabeth? at Saddleworth Yorkshire. The place is misleading as it is actually on the Lancashire side of the Pennines, just above Oldham and is now part of the Greater Manchester connurbation. I have been to the church and Elizabeth Bowling of Charnock Richard married John Radcliffe (son of Alexander) at Saddleworth church in 1671. Sadly she is also buried there in 1676 and John married again in 1680."
Therefore, we confirm that our Elizabeth is not the daughter of Roger Bowling.
Shirley and Jean attribute our Elizabeth Bowling to Hugh Bowling and Ellen Fynch/Finch, so eliminating Roger the shoemaker and attributing Elizabeth to Hugh directly and not as a grandchild. A daughter Elizabeth was born to Hugh and Ellen in Charnock Richard in June of 1635 and died in March of 1637/38. A second daughter Elizabeth was born to this couple on 25 Oct 1641, also in Charnock Richard, Lancashire. She was christened on 25 Oct 1641 in Standish. This is believed to be our Elizabeth who died before 1692 in St. Mary's County, MD.
The rest of the children's names proven through James Bowling's will are found in this family as well, at least the ones we know, so this certainly seems to be the right family.
Shirley and Jean's proposed ancestry for Elizabeth, listing oldest generation first, was as follows:
- Robert Bowling born 1520 in Chorley married Agnes, last name unknown, who died on April 26, 1566 in Chorley
- Hugh Bowling born 1540 and died July 17, 1598, married Constance Bibbie on 12 May 1560 in St. Wilfred's, Standish, Lancashire. Constance was born about 1540 and was buried on 18 Dec 1601 in St. Wilfrid's Church, Standish. This is the oldest Bowling burial record.
Perhaps she is buried here in the area where some stones have been cleared.
Or maybe here, near the church entrance, nourishing the newly planted trees.
Her funeral would have been preached in this stunningly beautiful church. This nave has heard many Bowling funerals over the centuries.
This exquisite carved cross has overseen many joyful and sorrowful events in the Bowling family – many baptisms, weddings and funerals. All of life's events took place under the vigilance of this cross – first as Catholic and then as Anglican.
Most of the Bowlings, including Constance and her husband, Hugh, up until the early 1700s, were on Papists lists and/or fined for recusancy. Hugh Bowling and Constance Bibby were convicted of recusancy, which probably led to them losing their lands in 1591.
A record from Steuart Bowling (apparently translated from Latin):
Hugh Bowling of Charnock Richard, husbandman (small farmer); Constance Bowling of Charnock Richard, Roger Bowling of Charnock Richard, and Elizabeth of Charnock Richard, Cecily Bowling of Preston and John Pilkington of Coppull, husbandman, land in Coppull." Choppull is adjacent to both Chorley and Charnock Richard.
- Raffe Bowling born 1563 in Chorley, Lancashire. He was christened on 4 Dec 1563 in Standish, Lancashire, probably in this same baptismal font, and died in 1600.
Raffe (Ralph) Bowling was in Leeds, Yorkshire as late as April 16, 1590 (christening record of his son, Rauffe)–but was in Chorley as early as 6 Aug 1591 (christening of his son Hughe). Raffe married Margaret Marston in 1588 in St. Peter's, Leeds, Yorkshire. There is a question if Margaret Marston was the second wife of Raffe…since some of children were born before this marriage in 1588.
Jean Purdy states that there is no proof whatsoever that our Hugh's father Ralph (Raafe) was the one marrying in Leeds. She searched all the records of people given leave to reside in Charnock Richard. This was necessary under the Poor Laws—-there was a John Bowling in the late 1600s—but no Ralph or Rafe.
- Hugh was born in 1591 in Charnock Richard, Lancashire. He was christened on 6 Aug 1591 in Chorley, most likely in the old bapistry, shown below, now retired, in St. Laurence in Chorley.
Hugh died on 7 Sep. 1651 in Charnock Richard and was buried on 7 Sep 1651 in Parish Church, Standish, Lancashire. Perhaps his coffin was carried in through this gate in the church wall.
Both Hugh and his wife Ellen's funerals were most likely preached in this church, before their coffin was carried outside to be buried in the church yard.
Hugh's grave is now unmarked someplace in the cemetery below.
The cemetery surrounds the church, some areas having been cleared of stones for maintenance. Some graves reused. The oldest stones, of course, would have been located closest to the church and now are, sadly, long gone.
The cemetery extends right up to the church walls, shown below.
Burial space was and remains an issue for all of these old churches. In some cases, extra land was annexed for the "burying ground," but that wasn't always possible. They had to make do with what they had and they did, using every possible inch and then reusing older graves whose families were no longer there or whose markers were not legible. Of course, there are also burials inside the church, in the floor and in crypts. Those burial locations were reserved for the wealthy or the notorious. Our family fell in neither category.
The death bed testament of Hugh Bowling gives his residence as "Bowleings Farm." Later land records suggest this was at Four Lane Ends—where the lane in Charnock Richard crosses the road to Preston and Lancaster. There was another farm "Bowlings in the Fields," which Jean believes belonged to the other branch of the family (that of Roger the Shoemaker). It was later acquired by Henry the Blacksmith's Great Grandson, another Hugh Bowling, in the late 1700s. Jean was unable to pinpoint where that was—but the name suggests it was out of the village. Charnock Richard is about half way between Standish and Chorley.
Hugh married Ellen Fynch, daughter of Roger Fynch and Isabella or Elizabeth Brears on 9 Apr 1616 in St. Laurence Church, Chorley, Lancashire, probably entering through the front door shown below.
The Fynch Family
Ellyn Fynch was born in Jan 1597/1598 in Charnock Richard. She died on 13 Jun 1659 in Charnock Richard and was buried on 13 Jun 1659 in Standish Parish Churchyard, Lancashire, below.
It is believed that Roger Fynch (born 1573) is the son of John Finch (born circa 1548-84). He is believed to be the martyr, John Finch (Fynch), yeoman farmer of Eccleston, who was arrested at Christmas 1581, tried in Lancaster on April 18, 1584 on the charge of harboring Catholic Priests and subsequently found guilty and executed.
St. Mary's the Virgin Church in Eccleston, below, dates to the 1300s, so it is likely the home church of John Fynch. The name of Eccleston itself came from the Celtic word "eglēs" meaning a church, and the Old English word "tūn" meaning a farmstead or settlement – i.e. a settlement by a Romano-British church. It's quite ancient, having been mentioned in the Doomsday Book in 1086.
John Fynch's devotion to the Catholic religion in the face of adversity is very likely representative of the devotion felt by the entire Catholic conclave in Lancashire.
John Fynch was a yeoman of Eccleston, Lancashire, from a Catholic family, but brought up an Anglican. When he was twenty years old he went to London where he spent nearly a year with some cousins at Inner Temple. While there he was struck by the contrast between Protestantism and Catholicism in practice, and determined to lead a Catholic life.
Failing to find advancement in London he returned to Lancashire where he was reconciled to the Catholic Church. He then married and settled down, his house becoming a center of missionary work, he himself harboring priests and aiding them in every way, besides acting as catechist. He drew on himself the hostility of the authorities, and at Christmas, 1581, he was entrapped into bringing a priest, George Ostliffe, to a place where both were apprehended. It was given out that Finch, having betrayed the priest and other Catholics, had taken refuge with the Earl of Derby, but in fact, he was kept in the earl's house as a prisoner. For three years he was held prisoner in various locations and prisons, alternatively tortured and bribed to obtain information on other Catholics.
He was eventually removed to the Fleet Prison, Manchester, and afterwards to the House of Correction. When he refused to go to the Protestant church he was dragged there by the feet. Following that, he was returned to Lancashire where on April 19, 1584, he was tried with three priests, convicted and executed with Priest James Bell, on April 20, 1584 at Lancaster for secreting a Catholic priest for Christmas services and denying that the Queen was head of the Church.
John Fynch was Beatified in 1929 as one of the Lancashire Martyrs. Beatification in the Catholic Church is to be one of the blessed and thus worthy of public religious veneration in a particular region or religious congregation. The Catholic Church canonizes or beatifies only those whose lives have been marked by the exercise of heroic virtue, and only after this has been proved by common repute for sanctity and by conclusive arguments.
One of the church windows in St. Mary's Catholic Church in Chorley honors John Fynch of Eccleston who is pictured with a haystack, because they say, on the church website, that he was of "farming stock." They also mention that John Finch's relatives still live in the Mawdesley area. The map below shows that these locations are in relatively close proximity, 3 or 4 miles, to each other and also to Charnock Richard.
It seems that Bowling Speake came by his proud, defiant recussancy honestly. John Fynch, his great-great-great-great-grandfather, would have been proud of him, some 171 years after John's own act of defiance and 168 years after his barbaric death, being drawn and quartered. I'm sure that Bowling knew that his great-great grandfather was a Catholic martyr. That isn't a story that is lost in a Catholic family. I'm sure it was both a source of great pride and great sorrow.
I have to wonder where John Finch/Fynch was buried, if the family was allowed to gather what remains of him they could find and if they were allowed to bury anything. He surely would not have been buried in the churchyard which was Anglican at that time. So where was he buried, and the priest also killed with him?
In the book, "The Antiquities of Canterbury In two Parts" by Nicolas Battely it states that John Finch, William Selling and Thomas Goldston were "buried in the Martyrdom." This is in the History of Christ-Church in Canterbury section, page 35. Elsewhere in the book, it says "John Finch – of this prior's acts or what he did living, I have seen no monument, but that of him dead, you may find in the Martyrdom, where he lies interred under this broken Epitaph, which is in the Appendix Numb LV." Other places in the book refer to the Martyrdom as an actual location and in one place it is called "The Altar of the Martyrdom of St. Thomas" in the cathedral.
To say I was excited by this was an understatement. It was about 3 AM – I was hyperventilating. Was it even possible that I had stumbled upon the final resting place of our John Finch? And if so, why didn't they tell us this when we visited St. Mary's church in Chorley? They had other information about the family- why not this? Something seemed wrong.
I found the book online, scanned by Google, but as luck would have it, the ONE page I needed, page 62 in the final appendix, had been missed during the scanning. I had to give up and go to bed, but not before sending a message to a cousin asking him to see if he could find the elusive page 62.
I had even found a picture of the altar near where John Finch is buried in Canterbury. The next day, cousin Jerry found page 62, I typed the Latin of John Finch's epitaph into a Latin translator, and here's the English equivalent, more or less:
"Here lies John Fynch of Winchelsey once prior to this ecclefise who takes on 9 January eificia conftrueta closing many other goods whose soul."
I wondered where Winchelsey was, and set about to find out. I discovered that it is no place close to Lancashire, on the Southeast coast of England, and the John Fynch from Winchelsey was a politician that lived in the 1600s. Crumb. Crumb. Crumb. Not our John at all. Our John Fynch/Finch is still MIA. I hate wild goose chases and I felt terrible about involving my cousin in this one – getting everyone's hopes up. But I'm very glad we persevered for page 62!
Elizabeth Bowling in America
Jean Purdy feels that Elizabeth Bowling accompanied her brothers, James, Thomas and John from England to Maryland, departing for America with her brothers Thomas and John after their mother died in 1659. James Bowling was already in Maryland by that time.
What we do know is that Elizabeth Bowling Speake was subpoenaed to court on November 3, 1663 to testify. She had son John Speak, the Innkeeper, whose birth was determined from 2 depositions given by John as an adult to have occurred in 1665. This implies her marriage about 1663, and possibly somewhat earlier, to Thomas Speake. She had son Bowling in 1674 according to numerous depositions given by Bowling throughout his lifetime. It's rather unusual that they didn't have any more children. Perhaps they had children that did not live to adulthood.
Thomas died in August of 1681, still a relatively young man of 48, his will leaving everything to his eldest son, John. He appoints his brother-in-law, James Bowling, his executor and wills "that my Loving brother in Law James Bowling hath the Disposall of my children to be brought up in the Roman Catholick faith." Elizabeth was apparently gone too, less than age 50, by the time her brother James made his will in 1692. James was childless and left his estate to his siblings and the children of his siblings, including John and Bowling Speake.
It must have been difficult on John and Bowling Speak to lose their father in 1681, their mother sometime in the next decade, before 1692, and their uncle in 1692 who was or probably had been raising them. John would have been about 27 in 1692 and Bowling about 18. That's a lot of loss and a rough beginning for 2 young men.
Beginning with John Finch, the Martyr, to me, we find the following:
- John Finch of Eccleston, the Martyr was born 1748, died April 20, 1584
- Roger Fynch born 1573-1642, Eccleston married Isabella or Elizabeth Brears (1569-1631) in Charnock circa 1595.
- Hugh Bowling was born in 1591 in Charnock Richard, Lancashire. He was christened on 6 Aug 1591 in Chorley. Hugh died on 7 Sep 1651 in Charnock Richard and was buried on 7 Sep 1651 in Parish Church, Standish, Lancashire. Hugh married Ellen Fynch, daughter of Roger Fynch and Isabella or Elizabeth Brears on 9 Apr 1616 in St. Laurence Church, Chorley, Lancashire.
- Thomas Speake (c 1634-1681) married Elizabeth Bowling (1642 – before 1692)
- Bowling Speake (1674-1755) married Mary Benson
- Thomas Speake (1698-1755) married Jane, last name unknown
- Charles Beckworth (or Beckwith) Speake (1741-1794) married Anne, last name unknown (1744-1789)
- Nicholas Speak (1782-1852) married Sarah Faires (1786-1852)
- Charles Speak (1804-1840/1850) married Ann McKee (1801/1805-1840/1850)
- Elizabeth Speak (1832-1903) married Samuel Claxton (Clarkson) (1827-1876)
- Margaret Claxton (1851-1920) married Joseph Bolton (1853-1920)
- Ollie Florence Bolton (1874-1955) married and divorced William George Estes (1873-1971)
- William Sterling Estes (my Dad) (1903-1963)
So there you go, just 13 generations between me and a Catholic martyr. Well, possibly, assuming all of that is correct.
What can we do, if anything, to solidify this connection? Can DNA help?
Can DNA Help?
How would we go about determining if there is a Finch connection in our Speak line? Actually, it's in the Bowling line that feeds into the Speak line with the marriage of Elizabeth Bowling to Thomas Speake in Maryland in the 1660s. What this means is that if there is a Finch connection, every descendant of both the Bowling family in American through the Maryland group, and the Speaks family in America though Thomas and Elizabeth are descendants of the Finch family.
The first thing to do is to be sure that every Speak(e)(s) descendant who has taken an autosomal test is in the Speak project so that I, as the administrator, can see if they match any individuals with the ancestral or current surname of Finch.
Currently, we have 18 individuals in the Speak project who meet the criteria and have already taken the autosomal DNA test. When I began this comparison a few weeks ago, we had 12 Speak individuals, but I checked the matches of all 12 individuals and found another dozen or so autosomal matches to people with Speak lineage. I invited those people to join the Speak DNA project, even though they are not descended from the direct paternal line. In order to keep this straight, I have an autosomal grouping category in both the Y and mtDNA portions of the project since I'm actually using it for autosomal matching as well.
Next, I searched for Finch and Fynch matches for each of the project participants. It's surprising how many I found. Among 12 participants, there were 42 Finch matches. Of those, four ancestral groups were repeated more than once. Looking at these groups, it's possible that they could share a common ancestor between them. That is encouraging.
I checked the Finch DNA project to see if I can tell anything about the Finch groups I found with repeated autosomal matches to Speak descendants.
- John Finch born 1625 England – his son Guy Finch b Aug 18 1655 in Berkeley Gloucestershire, England d 1688 Calvert Co., MD, married Rebecca, daughter Mary Finch married Charles Beaven.
- Also in Calvert Co., MD, Elizabeth Finch born 1687 Woodbridge, Calvert Co., MD died in 1729 Charles Co MD married William Elder.
- Margaret Finch b c 1590 in Stanley, Gloucestershire, England married John Flood and died in Charles City, VA (also shown as Surry Co., VA)
- Stamford CT Finch group
- One lone person who says "Finch- Lancashire," but doesn't answer the e-mails
The Calvert County, MD group could well be Catholic as well.
The Finch DNA project and site tells us that the CT group is from Yorkshire. Unfortunately, the Calvert County group seems to be unrepresented in Y DNA testing. There are also no families from Charles City, VA or Surry Co., VA.
Even more encouraging is that one individual listed their Finch ancestor as being from Lancashire. Unfortunately, I e-mailed them and they have not yet replied.
Shortly, I'll check the list of Speak participants for Bowling matches as well to see who we match in that line that I could invite to join the project to see if the Bowlings are descended from the Finch family utilizing the same methodology.
From this point forward, we need to do the Finch genealogy work on one hand, relative to the matches, and on the other, we need to work on triangulation to see if we can attribute a DNA match to two people who share the same common ancestral line. That would confirm, along with a match to us, that we do share that common ancestor with them.
However, our common Finch ancestor is many, many generations removed. Little of John Finch's DNA may be remnant in his descendants – but that doesn't mean we shouldn't try to find it. You can't fail if you don't try, but you also can't succeed!
This job will take a little bit of genealogy sleuthing, some genetic analysis, a dash of synchronicity and a huge dose of good luck.
Wish me luck!! I'll get back with you on this one. I'm busy hunting for my magic DNA wand right now. A little bit of magic dust wouldn't hurt either!
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X-Men: Days of Future Past is getting its viral video on with this video detailing how a young Magneto was tried and convicted (and also possibly framed) for the murder of President Kennedy. Huh.
Meet Microsoft's New Surface Laptops
It's a pretty smart idea, given that last Friday was the 50th anniversary of his assassination, although it's more than a little disconcerting, too. I think it's hearing the names "Magneto" and "Lee Harvey Oswald" in the same sentence together.


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Gore and period costumes are splattered across the screen in this cheeky nod to classic Hammer horror films starring genre stalwart Tom Savini (Dawn of the Dead) as the vicious and pitiless Prester John. The creepy action begins when Stefan (Troy Holland), a medical student, is sent to the remote village of Heidelberg to investigate a mysterious epidemic that's causing people's heads to explode without warning.
Directed by: Scott Bunt
Written by: Scott Bunt
Starring: Tom Savini, Ingrid Pitt, Troy Holland, Bill Timoney, Edward X. Young
Historically tales of villains in the form of demons plague religious thought and practice as people of good faith try to live a life without sin so that they will one day be rewarded for the good deeds. Unfortunately, bad overcomes evil in most cases, which questions our own beliefs and makes us reevaluate our purpose in keeping our faith in a higher power. In Scott Bunt's "Sea of Dust," a young medical student must with an evil spirit that is overtaking a German village causing them to turn against each other, and self destruct in an explosive fashion.
Stefan Cristoph(Troy Holland) begins his tale making his ritualistic stop at the love of his life's home to once of again ask for her hand in marriage. When Stefan makes it to his love Elizabeth's(Sarah Dauber) home, he is unwelcomingly scolded by the butler, Chalmers(Pete Barker). Chalmers tells him to leave on Lord Dunsten's(John Correll) orders, but Anna(Ingrid Pitt) intervenes welcoming him to speak to Elizabeth. When Elizabeth still refuses Stefan's hand in marriage, Stefan confronts her father, and his instant decline is mysterious to Stefan's intentions.
As he leaves Dunsten residence he comes upon a body laying on the ground face first, she turns over as Stefan examines her and tells her she needs to go to Dr. Maitland's to have her examined. Woman, Carla(Darby Lynn Totten), is dazed as she keeps repeating a chant about a certain "Prester John." Stefan arrives at Dr. Maitland's, and immediately the doctor is disgruntled that the medical student Stefan was sent instead of his teacher, Professor Sorell(Bill Timoney). The doctor then shows Stefan a corpse found in the village, in which the head is missing, in which the doctor declares that head had exploded after finding other bodies of the same nature. The doctor then tells Stefan that the headless body is the victim of the diabolic overtaking by Prester John, a malicious spirit made up from of dead bodies from the "sea of dust."
When Stefan is attacked by Carla in the middle of the night, he knows that these mysterious happenings are beyond his own medical knowledge, and leaves with Dr. Maitland to go back for Professor Sorell. They keep Carla tied up, and attempt to take her back to her father. On their venture back, Stefan is transported to Prester John's(Tom Savini) magical kingdom where they meet and he learns of Prester's tale and his intentions to overtake the whole village with his own ideals. Stefan is transported back to reality, and know mentally overtaken by Prester John's hypnotic state. Being under Prester's spell, he must rise against the malicious Prester while trying to save the fate of all the villagers with the help of Professor Sorell.
"Sea of Dust" is filled with plenty of blood and gore, as heads explode in their last stage of being under the compromising spell of Prester. Prester John is played by horror legend Tom Savini, and his eerie costume is accentuated with blackout contacts as he bewitches the villagers with his murderous ideals. The historical costumes fit the time period in which the film was based, which is hinted at but never truly declared. There was one scene in which Stefan was underwater, which was cheesy in that he wasn't even wet and floating amongst CGI generated aqua blue coloring and white circles.
Scott Bunt's "Sea of Dust" is a gory tale of what happens when a demonic spirit overtakes a village, causing chaos and multitudes of merciless killing amongst a German village. This bloody story of questioning of personal faith versus real life destruction by a deadly warlock is full of surprises, and has a conclusion.
Sea of Dust (2008)


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Guarantee Electrical, St. Louis, completed electrical work on kitchen remodels at four elementary schools in the St. Louis-based Ladue School District. Guarantee also provided electrical construction for the addition of a library and new classrooms at Conway, Reed, Old Bonhomme and Spoede elementary schools.
The new construction includes a 7,000-square-foot addition at Spoede to replace the school's current library; a 7,000-square-foot addition at Conway; an 11,000-square-foot addition at Old Bonhomme; and a new elevator at Reed. The existing library at Spoede is being renovated into four classrooms.
The project includes high-end lighting fixtures and electrical rollup shades for the new classrooms and library to reduce glare and provide more uniform lighting. Guarantee is replacing electrical wiring, circuitry and systems; adding new light fixtures; revising existing circuitry; and installing new electrical feeds for the planned additions and renovations. Guarantee also is installing voice/data and low-voltage systems on the project.


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More than 6 million people have signed up for Obamacare, as a crush of people raced to get health insurance before the March 31 deadline.
President Obama announced the milestone Thursday in a call with enrollment counselors and outreach volunteers, who are undertaking an intense marketing drive in the final days of open enrollment. There were more than 1.5 million visits to HealthCare.gov and more than 430,000 calls to the call centers on Wednesday.
Those who've started the application by next Monday but are unable to finish because of technical issues will receive more time to complete the process, officials have said.
Reaching 6 million is a symbolic victory for the Obama administration following the botched launch in October.
Share your story: Have you begun using your Obamacare benefits?
It is short of the initial goal of 7 million, which was based on a projection by the Congressional Budget Office and adopted by the administration. But it shows considerable gains from the first month when just 106,000 people had signed up.
Last month, the CBO revised its projection down to 6 million because of the rocky initial rollout.
Related: Obamacare's amazing comeback
But just how many people fully enroll in the program this year remains to be seen. The latest figures reflect those picking plans, not paying their premiums. Only those who pay their first month's premium are considered enrolled, while those who don't pay have their policy selections canceled.
Insurers have said that the share of people sending in payments is in the 80% range.
Also, the total number of enrollees nationwide is not that important a number, experts have said. What's more critical is whether enrollment meets each insurer's expectations since that's what will determine premiums for next year. Insurers are looking at both how many people pick their policies and how many claims they file.
Many experts are watching the share of young adults picking plans since they are considered healthier and less costly than older enrollees. Some 25% of those signing up are between ages 18 to 34, as of the end of February, the latest figures available. The White House and independent experts had forecast about 40% would be young adults.


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Attendees in line - Registration opening
National Harbor, MD - AAS 2018 - Attendees in line during the Registration opening at the American Astronomical Society's (AAS) 231th annual meeting at the Gaylord National hotel here today, Monday January 8, 2018. The American Astronomical Society (AAS), established in 1899 and based in Washington, DC, is the major organization of professional astronomers in North America. The annual meeting is the premier astronomical event with more than 2,300 astronomers, educators, industry representatives, and journalists in attendance and at least 1,600 oral and poster presentations scheduled. Photo by © CorporateEventImages/Todd Buchanan 2018
Attendees in line Registration opening AAS 231


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WEDNESDAY, May 28, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Cynical, distrustful people may be more prone to dementia, a new Finnish study contends.
Those traits have been linked with other health problems, such as heart disease, the researchers noted.
"Our personality may have an impact on our brain health," said study author Anna-Maija Tolppanen, from the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio.
Tolppanen cautioned that this study finding only shows an association between cynicism and dementia, not necessarily a cause-and-effect link.
"This is the first study showing the link, so it is not possible to say yet whether this is causal or if the association is explained by something else," she said.
One explanation could be that people who are more wary of others may be less socially active, which in turn may increase their dementia risk, she said.
There are many ways personality may affect brain health, Tolppanen said. People with different personality traits may be more or less likely to engage in activities that are beneficial for mental health, such as a healthy diet, mental or social activities, and exercise. Another suggestion is that personality may cause physical changes in the brain, she said.
"These findings suggest that in addition to established lifestyle-related risk factors, such as exercise or diet, our attitude or personality may be a modifiable risk factor," Tolppanen said.
The report was published online May 28 in Neurology.
Dr. Sam Gandy, director of the Center for Cognitive Health at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, said the new study "addresses the issue of whether dementia underlies the development of an outlook characterized by negative, cynical, sometimes paranoid mistrust that can develop in the elderly."
Doctors, however, should be wary in their interpretation of these attitudes, he said. They "should not jump immediately to the diagnosis of dementia," he said.
Heather Snyder, director of medical and scientific operations at the Alzheimer's Association, said this is a very preliminary study that needs to be replicated in a larger group over a longer time.
Snyder noted that other studies have looked at the connection between personality traits, such as depression and anxiety, and dementia. "But we don't have a clear picture of what or any linkage there may be at this point," she said. "We can't really draw a significant conclusion from this paper."
"People should live their lives doing things they enjoy and staying active and engaged in life, and that will be better for their health overall," Snyder added.
For the study, Tolppanen's team tested 1,449 people for dementia and had them fill in a questionnaire to measure their level of cynicism. The average age of the participants was 71.
In the questionnaire, people were asked how much they agreed with statements such as: "I think most people would lie to get ahead," "It is safer to trust nobody," and "Most people will use somewhat unfair reasons to gain profit or an advantage rather than lose it."
Based on their scores, people were grouped in low, moderate and high levels of cynical distrust.
At the start of the study and an average of eight years later, 622 people completed both tests for dementia.
The researchers took into account other factors that could affect the risk for dementia, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol and smoking.
Tolppanen's group found that people with high levels of cynical distrust were three times more likely to develop dementia than people with low levels of cynicism.
Among the 164 people with high levels of cynicism, 14 developed dementia, compared with nine of the 212 people with low levels of cynicism. Of the 246 people with moderate levels of cynicism, 13 were diagnosed with dementia during the study.
The researchers also looked at whether people with high levels of cynicism were more likely to die than people with low levels of cynicism.
High cynicism was associated with earlier death, but after taking into account factors such as socioeconomic status, behaviors such as smoking and other health conditions, the link between cynicism and death disappeared, the researchers found.
More information
Visit the Alzheimer's Association for more on dementia.
This article: Copyright © 2014 HealthDay. All rights reserved.


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Great hair drying location for Carole from our penthouse suite at the Royal Caribbean in Cancun.
Panorama of courtyard stitched from 6 photos of Royal Hacienda courtyard from our patio.
Wayne and Sande Anderson, Larry and Carole Boshell, Marie and Daryl Forrest and waiter.
Wayne Anderson, Marie Forrest and Carole Boshell
Woa, Wayne, that ain't Sande (it's Marie Forrest).
Sunrise, OK, moon view, early morning from courtyard of Royal Hacienda resort.
I found the water birds in a lagoon just south of Royal Hacienda. Shot without my best camera and lenses. i believe this to be a Snowy Egret.
Daryl and Marie Forrest from Vermont. Introduced to us by Wayne and Sande.
Daryl admiring his view!
Daryl and Marie ignoring the view!
A fountain in our view while we ate dinner at an outdoor cafe. Lots of birds. Me and my Camera (Canon 20D and old Canon 100-300 lens-non IS.


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Lately I've been lucky enough to get the opportunity to do a few cool things unrelated to Sart Inc. Yesterday was a big day for myself and a few friends and I wanted to take this time to thank some people who were nice enough to send encouraging words my way. I'm always blown away by the sheer generosity of folks I've met, in person and otherwise, thanks to something as trivial as a blog. I am more grateful than I could ever express with a keyboard. My sincerest "Thank You's" to:
-Cory at Valet
-Jason at Selectism
-Jesse at Put This On
-Darian and Luis
...and everyone else who sent the kindest of words my way yesterday. It means more than you know.
Tuesday, June 22, 2010
9 comments:
Your welcome L -you inspire on the daily. Congratulations on ROTM, you and the fellas will have continued success with this capsule, and many more to follow.ReplyDelete
{Your older, wiser, brother-from-another-mother}
I already placed an order for the double-monks. Thanks for your blog and now the store!ReplyDelete
Your the man! Wish you much success. Keep on!ReplyDelete
Best of luck!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJune 22, 2010 at 4:02 PM
Worst name for an online store...everReplyDelete
- Danny QJune 22, 2010 at 4:03 PM
It is much deserved, good luck!ReplyDelete
Anon @4:02- I'm pretty sure that distinction goes to Fudge Packers Incorporated.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJune 22, 2010 at 6:12 PM
You deserve it man. Best of luck to you. Really appreciate this blog.ReplyDelete
You do great work here, LAS - best of luck on the new venture.ReplyDelete
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Wednesday, June 8, 2011
Aged Metal Letters Tutorial
37 comments:
I love these so much. I am so drawn to the texture of them. I would love to do a monogram for my son's room. So cute.ReplyDelete
Thanks your effort!
This is wonderful. They really do look like they are metal~and old.ReplyDelete
Thanks for posting this~Eileen
Great faux finish! Thanks for sharing!! :)ReplyDelete
Wow, those turned out great!!ReplyDelete
Wow, your letters look fabulous! I have been looking for old weathered letters for my living room. Now, I think I will have to try to make my own! Thanks for sharing :) Does the ralph lauren metallic paint come in different colors?ReplyDelete
the letters look fantastic. great job!!!ReplyDelete
@Amanda...RL does make different colors and I believe Benjamin Moore may carry a metallic line also.ReplyDelete
These look amazing. I have had a great big "B" in my bedroom for oh...about 8 months now! I hope I can make it turn out as beautifully as yours did! (someday...)ReplyDelete
They look fabulous! Love how you picked different sized letters!ReplyDelete
Pinned it! :)ReplyDelete
Yes, I adore these, it's official! The finish is so, so fabulous. Pinning this for the future! Thanks so much for sharing.ReplyDelete
Swing by my blog to see how to make healthy ice cream....no ice cream maker required! ;)
-MJ @ MD School Mrs.
i love the finish! So beautiful! I am wanting to do some "faux metal" myself, so I loved seeing this!ReplyDelete
by the way, my littlest guy was born March 28, and he thought watching me paint the living room ceiling was FASCINATING last night. :)ReplyDelete
Wow, these are incredible! Love them and will look to do some like them in my house. :) Thanks for sharing!ReplyDelete
These look great! I'm a new follower, and also included a link to your project in my weekly link dump, located here:ReplyDelete
Fabulous! saw u over On Knock Off DecorReplyDelete
Wow they came out great - you would never know they were paper ones from JoAnn's. I laughed when you wrote - Gotta check your OCD at the door. Pretty funny. I think they came out perfect.ReplyDelete
My best - Diane
Oh! Lovely! You did a fantastic job! They look amazing, Becky! Great technique!ReplyDelete
These are amazing! What color RL metallic paint did you use? Also, for the black base coat, did you use flat or a glossy sheen? Thanks for the inspiration!ReplyDelete
I love it....great jobReplyDelete
love the letters, i would love to feature them, if this would be ok with you please let me know,ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJuly 23, 2012 at 7:27 PM
Love it! I love the mix in sizes and the finish is awesome.ReplyDelete
I want to create mine with more of a bronze metal look but I'm not sure what kind of color I would use to make it look "worn and weathered".ReplyDelete
- AnonymousAugust 26, 2013 at 4:05 PM
This looks great! Thanks for the tutorial. I ordered a giant (more than 3ft) letter P from Restoration in May and am still awaiting it's delivery. Backorder has been delayed twice. Maybe I should try this method and make my own.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousSeptember 27, 2013 at 4:06 AM
wow wonderful Metal LettersReplyDelete
What was the white paint used for & where?ReplyDelete
NIce! The letters that you purchased - are they wood or cardboard?ReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
k snap niet waar je die witte verf voor gebruikt! Ik hoor het graag van je,kan ik beginnen haha....ReplyDelete
Achei fantástico esse trabalho, infelizmente estou no Brasil e não tenho como comprar o material (Letras e tintas) Um Grande Abraço!ReplyDelete
What did you use the white paint for?ReplyDelete
What did you use the white paint for?ReplyDelete
Hi there! I just wanted to let you know that I featured this project on my website as one of my Top 10 Favorite Back To School Crafts! You can check it out atReplyDelete
I love it! Thanks for sharing this great idea! You're amazing!
Great idea. Love it. But honestly? Why does no one check their spelling and grammar before posting articles? Please ask someone to proof read to check for mistakes before posting.ReplyDelete
We are leading Metal Letters Manufacturers in Chennai and Name Board Manufacturers in Chennai offering the high quality display boards to our clients.Metal Letters Manufacturers in ChennaiReplyDelete
Great idea. Love it. We're glad you found this info useful. Your all metal letters with succulents are very nice and fantastic. Nice and informative article. Thanks for sharing the information with us. Learned a lot of things.ReplyDelete
metal letters for wall Oklahoma City
Wow. Looks so classy. I recently also made one for my guest house from a Sign Board Manufacturers in Chennai , the quality and finish came out well. Now from this post, it gives me an idea of also how to creatively use it in interiors as well. Thank youReplyDelete


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The Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) implementation found in motherboards from server manufacturer Supermicro suffers from serious vulnerabilities that could allow attackers to remotely compromise the management controllers in servers that use them.
The IPMI specification was developed by Intel and allows system administrators to manage and monitor computer systems remotely in the absence of physical access to them. IPMI supports multiple-communication protocols and operates independently of the operating system running on the computer. Its central part is a microcontroller called the Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) that is usually embedded into the motherboard and is directly connected to its southbridge and a variety of sensors.
BMCs are essentially computers that run inside other computers, most commonly servers. They are usually based on ARM chips and run Linux-based firmware that implements the IPMI functions including monitoring, rebooting and reinstalling the host server's OS.
IPMI implementations vary from vendor to vendor, but most expose a web-based management interface, a command-line interface via Telnet or Secure Shell, and the IPMI network protocol on port 623 UDP or TCP.
How it can go wrong
If an attacker gains administrative access to the BMC, they can reboot the host server's operating system into a root shell and introduce a backdoor or copy data from the hard drive. Gaining access to the host operating system while it's running without rebooting it might also be possible, according to a July analysis of IPMI security risks by security researchers from Rapid7.
On Aug. 22, Rapid7 researchers found several security issues in the IPMI firmware version SMT_X9_226 from Supermicro and reported them to the vendor.
Those issues included the use of hard-coded encryption keys for SSL and SSH connections that could allow an attacker to perform a man-in-the-middle attack and decrypt communication to the firmware; the use of hard-coded credentials with static passwords, including one that cannot be changed by the user; buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the login.cgi, lose_window.cgi and logout.cgi applications that can result in remote code execution as the root user account; and a directory traversal flaw in the url_redirect.cgi application that allows attackers with access to a nonprivileged account to read any file of the system, including the one that contains plain-text credentials for all users.
The researchers also found that more than 65 other CGI applications included in the firmware made unsafe function calls that could potentially be exploited. Accessing those CGI applications required authentication, which limited their exposure to attacks, but an attacker logged in as a low-privileged user could still exploit their flaws to gain root access to the BMC.
Supermicro released a new firmware version called SMT_X9_315 that fixes some of the vulnerabilities reported by Rapid7, particularly the remote code execution ones. However, it appears that some other issues remain unpatched, the Rapid7 researchers said Wednesday in a blog post.
"Firmware version SMT_X9_315 has reorganized the web root, adding quite a few new CGI applications, removing many more, and generally purging the use of insecure functions like strcpy()," the researchers said. In addition, accessing most CGI applications now requires authentication, with the exception of vmstatus.cgi and login.cgi, they said.
However, the Rapid7 researchers identified new issues that could allow remote root access without authentication though many of the CGI applications and those issues have now also been reported to Supermicro.
"A cursory review of the new firmware shows significant improvements, but far more work is needed to provide a secure management console," the researchers said. "In the meantime, please treat the Supermicro IPMI web management interface the same way you would an unprotected root shell on the server it is attached to; disconnected from untrusted networks with access limited through another form of authentication (VPN, etc)."
According to the Rapid7 researchers, there are over 35,000 Supermicro IPMIs exposed to the Internet.


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Thompson Okanagan
A day in British Columbia's Thompson Okanagan region could begin in Canada's only true desert, include visiting a waterfall higher than Niagara (463-foot Helmcken Falls) or hiking in the planet's only inland temperate rain forest, and end with moonlit views of Mount Robson, the highest peak in the Canadian Rockies.
Visitors can also set a more leisurely pace, meandering along one of the Okanagan Valley's many wine trails. The 124-square-mile Thompson Okanagan region has more than 200 wineries. Nearly 30 are clustered near Kelowna on Okanagan Lake, a summer playground for boaters, boarders, and anglers and year-round "home" of the area's legendary lake monster, Ogopogo.
When to Go: The Okanagan Wine Festivals take place in spring, fall, and winter and feature vineyard tours, meals among the vines, and seminars with wine industry pros.
How to Get Around: Major centers are Kelowna, Penticton, Vernon, and Osoyoos; you'll need a car if you want to visit more than one. Each city has a small downtown core that's easily explored on foot, by bike, or via BC Transit bus. Okanagan Wine Country Tours arranges single- and multiday winery visits, or you can cruise the region in the backseat of a 1956 Cadillac with Vintage Wine Tours.
Where to Stay: Sparkling Hill Resort owner Gernot Langes-Swarovski, of Swarovski crystal fame, used two million of the glimmering stones to create this sparkling resort. Its architecture glitters with crystals everywhere—hanging from the ceiling and embedded in the walls. The luxury resort's 149 ultrasleek guest rooms, designed to optimize the surrounding lake and mountain panoramas, feature sliding floor-to-ceiling window walls, crystal glass fireplaces, and walk-through showers with outdoor views.
Where to Eat or Drink: Perched on a hill in West Kelowna, Mission Hill Family Estate offers a tasting bar for sampling its award-winning wines and cellar tours with a sommelier. "[In the Okanagan], grape quality is ultimately enhanced by the vines' struggle to give forth ripe fruit in a shorter growing season," says Ingo Grady, the estate's director of wine education. "To some, it might seem miraculous that grapes can thrive here, but they do." Order the braised venison and figs at their alfresco restaurant, Terrace, and let the sommelier pair it with the perfect glass of wine.
What to Buy: In Osoyoos, shop for authentic First Nations art, including hand-carved masks and painted drums, at Coyote's Gifts in the Nk'Mip Desert Cultural Center, a First Nations museum with access to 50 acres of sage grassland trails.
What to Read Before You Go: Menus for an Orchard Table: Celebrating the Food and Wine of the Okanagan (Whitecap Books, 2007) has a collection of seasonal recipes prepared at the former Joie Farm Cooking School's (now JoieFarm Winery) acclaimed orchard dinners, plus essays about the Okanagan Valley's wine country cuisine.
- Nat Geo Expeditions
Helpful Links: Thompson Okanagan Travel Experiences Guide, Super Natural British Columbia
Fun Fact: Downtown Vernon has one of the largest collections of outdoor art in Canada. The project, Vernon Murals, features 27 massive murals as large as five stories high and a block long that depict the city's history, culture, scenery, and folklore.


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If you have lost or are missing teeth, you may wish to consider dental implants from Benchmark Dental, PC. At our office, we offer implant dentistry services designed to restore your teeth and maintain the structural integrity of your mouth.
Whether your missing tooth is the result of periodontitis, tooth decay, or an injury, Benchmark Dental, PC wants to help restore your smile with a beautiful new dental implant that looks and functions just like a real tooth. Significantly stronger than bridges or dentures, dental implants offer a single and permanent solution to lost teeth. And when you come to Benchmark Dental, PC, you'll be treated with the nurturing care and professionalism that embodies our practice.
Have questions? Just call today to schedule a consultation. We'll walk you through the implant process and address any questions or concerns you might have. A new and improved smile could be yours thanks to our dental implants, so contact us right away.


text: Back Spirulina Other name(s): Spirulina fusiformis, Spirulina maxima, Spirulina platensis General description Spirulina is a primitive single-celled algae that grows in the ocean and includes many species. Commonly used species include Spirulina maxima and Spirulina platensis. Spirulina is cultivated as feedstock in Africa and Mexico. Known ingredients of spirulina include: Arachidonic acid Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) Iron Linoleic acid Phycocyanin Protein Vitamin B12 Medically valid uses There are no clearly demonstrated medical uses for spirulina in humans. Spirulina is a source of protein, iron, carotenoids, and some vitamins. The protein in spirulina is comparable to other plant proteins and, like other plant proteins, is incomplete, meaning it does not contain all nine essential amino acids. Spirulina has been used as a feed extender for livestock. It can provide a percentage of the total protein intake (usually up to 25 percent) but must be supplemented with amino acids that are lacking in spirulina protein (generally lysine, methionine, and histidine). Digestibility of spirulina protein is less than that of other typical livestock foods. Spirulina can also be used as a source of protein and some vitamins for humans if a tested source is consumed. Spirulina can be contaminated with microbes, heavy metals (including mercury, cadmium, lead, or arsenic), and radioactive divalent and trivalent metal ions. As Spirulina is an incomplete protein, it should not be used as a main source of protein. Unsubstantiated claims Please note that this section reports on claims that have NOT yet been substantiated through scientific studies. Most studies of spirulina have been conducted on animals, principally mice, but not on humans. The claims made are thus only supported by animal studies. These claims state that spirulina may act as a hepatoprotectant (protect the liver from damage from certain toxins), may reduce allergic reactions by stabilizing mast cells (activated mast cells are a source of histamine, the agent that causes allergic symptoms), and may strengthen the immune system. One study using human subjects suggests spirulina may help treat oral cancerous lesions. Dosing format Follow packaging instructions for correct dose. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding should consult a physician before taking any dietary supplements. Side effects, toxicity, and interactions Spirulina is a controversial source of vitamin A, because spirulina has been shown to interfere with the body's storage and use of both vitamin A and E. Spirulina is not a reliable source of vitamin B12. People taking warfarin (Coumadin) should talk to their doctor before taking spirulina supplements since they could interfere with the effectiveness of this blood thinner. Additional information Click here for a list of reputable websites with general information on nutrition.


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MARSEILLE, France (JTA) — Standing with dozens of hungry people in a breadline, Collette Quidron counts her blessings.
"I enjoy coming here," says Quidron, a Holocaust survivor with diabetes. "I know everybody and there's always someone to talk to. If you're Jewish and need tzedakah, Marseille is as good as it gets."
The breadline, started 18 years ago behind the city's main synagogue, serves about 1,000 poor Jews each week thanks to an annual budget of about $630,000.
It is but one arm of an extensive Jewish charity network that has risen in Marseille, home to 80,000 Jews and one of France's poorest cities. About $1 million flows annually through the network, which comprises some 25 organizations.
Despite the relative poverty of Marseilles, the community has a robust commitment to charity, contributing slightly higher than its percentage of the country's total Jewish population of approximately 500,000 to France's main Jewish fundraising appeal.
"Tzedakah is very strong here because ours is a Sephardic community of recent immigrants from North Africa, who have a very strong tradition of taking care of their own," said Elie Adevah, president of Baskets for Shabbat, the organization that runs the breadline.
And care they need. More than 25 percent of Marseille's residents live below the poverty line, compared to 16 percent in France overall. The unemployment rate is 30 percent higher than the national average. More than 2,000 Jewish families receive support from the French Jewish Federation, nearly double the number the organization helps in Lyon and Toulouse, which combined have approximately the same Jewish population.
At a time when Europe's leaders are undertaking austerity measures and fending off social unrest brought on by persistent unemployment and mounting fiscal challenges, the economic plight of Marseilles makes scant distinction between Jews and the general population.
"It affects Jews just as it affects everyone else here," said Elie Berrebi, director of the Marseille Consistoire, the local branch of the national organization that administers Jewish religious services in France.
Baskets for Shabbat, which grew out of the Consistoire, conducts a telethon each fall that raises $50,000 for the organization. The rest of its budget comes from the Consistoire and the municipality.
Several weeks after the telethon, Marseille Jews again are asked to open their wallets for the National Appeal for Tzedakah, which starts each November and this year marked its 20th anniversary. The appeal collects about $3.5 million annually for the French Jewish Federation, a national organization that provides social support and education services.
Marseille Jews contribute about $450,000 to the appeal, or about 15 percent of the total. The federation, in turn, funds Jewish charity in Marseille — about $366,000 annually, helping 1,750 of the city's seniors and 2,050 local families, and delivering kosher food to dozens of families with disabled members.
Beyond the federation, the needy families of Marseille have a multitude of places to seek help. CASIM, the city's oldest Jewish charity, runs a supermarket where basic supplies can be had at about one-tenth their actual cost.
"At CASIM's social supermarket, people at least pay something for food, just like you and me," said Gerard Uzan, the director of CASIM, which was established in 1906. "Even token payment builds a sense of self-worth."
CASIM also runs a charity center called Social Boutique, where low-income families not only can purchase food at reduced prices but also make use of a library and cooking classes, even a free beauty salon. CASIM has an annual budget of $230,000.
The extent of local charity helps people like Esther S., 57, to save about $250 a month.
"I used to clean houses, but over the past two years I haven't been able to find work," said Esther, a Morocco native. "I live on about 630 euros [$800] a month, and if not for tzedakah, I wouldn't have been able to pay rent."
Uzan laments that the breadline is an undignified relic of 19th century soup kitchens and would like to see the various charity projects united under a single umbrella. But others say the complaints are unwarranted.
"The fact that people benefit from various projects shows there's a need," said Jean-Jaques Zenou, the president of Marseille's Jewish radio station. "So what's wrong with forming more solutions?"


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Printable blue mexican fiesta invitation invitation. Text can be changed to suit any event. Print as many as you need at home, photo lab, office supplies store, or send by email and social networks to your friends and family.
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For the first time in five years, the big risk for the global economy is not a collapse of the financial system, according to a report by the Eurasia Group released Monday.
Eurasia, which advises businesses on political and economic concerns, released its annual list of potential risks to global economic stability in 2014 -- and impending financial doom is not among them.
"That's over," the Eurasia analysts wrote in the report. "In 2014, big-picture economics are stable if not yet comforting."
Europe has emerged from recession and Japan's economy is shaking off decades of stagnation. The recovery in the United States is expected to accelerate this year even as the Federal Reserve gradually reduces its stimulus policies. China's new government is implementing reforms to make the world's second-largest economy more stable.
The relatively calm outlook comes after a period of heightened financial risks. Investors and economists have been on alert for another meltdown since 2008. But none of the dire predictions came to pass. The euro is still around. China has not crash landed. And the U.S. didn't fall off the fiscal cliff.
Despite all the partisan rancor in Washington, talk that political dysfunction would derail the economy was overblown, according to Eurasia.
Related: World markets: What's hot in 2014
"This year will be much less politically volatile, with further upside market implications," Eurasia analysts said.
So what should you be worried about? The main risks in 2014 are all geopolitical, according to Eurasia.
The report describes a shifting balance of power in which the U.S. is losing its influence abroad. Ian Bremmer, the political scientist that founded Eurasia Group, describes a clear lack of global leadership in his 2012 book "Every Nation for Itself: Winners and Losers in a G-Zero World."
The number one risk this year stems from U.S. foreign policy, specifically how Washington manages its relationship with key allies.
"U.S. allies perceive a poorly defined and vastly reduced U.S. role in the world," the Eurasia analysts wrote. "They question old assumptions about U.S. commitments and worry about Washington's reluctance to deploy military, economic, and diplomatic capital."
Eurasia is also concerned about the risk of unrest in emerging economies that will hold elections this year, including Brazil, Colombia, India, Indonesia and South Africa.
Related: World's best economies
There are also worried that China's new leaders will stumble as they overhaul the nation's economy. Iran is still a threat, despite signs of progress in talks with the West over the nation's nuclear program.
The Middle East will remain in turmoil this year, according to Eurasia. While the civil war in Syria is less of a risk to the broader region, the group predicts a resurgent threat posed by "Al Qaeda 2.0."
Other hotspots include Russia and Turkey, where political and economic forces are colliding.
Beyond geopolitics, the boom in unconventional energy could pose risks for "Petrostates," such as Saudi Arabia, as abundant supplies weigh on oil prices.
Eurasia also expects governments to surpass companies this year in the business of gathering "strategic data."
Of course, snooping by the U.S. government was the biggest stories of 2013 due to the revelation that the NSA had a massive surveillance program in place known as PRISM.
But Eurasia thinks that officials around the world will be collecting and aggregating more data on consumers' online behavior "both for purposes of domestic and international security as well as to support strategic economic priorities."


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A page within Chancellor
It's a pleasure to welcome you to the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. We are a vibrant learning community rich with multi-talented students, faculty, and staff. Our warm and friendly campus is situated between towering bluffs and the mighty Mississippi River. The natural beauty of the 7 Rivers Region on the Upper Mississippi makes this one of the most scenic areas in the country. We take great pride in the fact that Kiplinger's and U.S. News & World Report rank UWL as one of the finest public comprehensive universities in the country.
We are nationally recognized for our programs in allied health and the sciences, and we also have an accredited College of Business Administration, numerous programs in high tech areas, a renowned program in river studies, international connections, and a broad array of academic opportunities in the letters and humanities. In addition we have a lively arts community and one of the finest NCAA Division III programs in the country. All of this makes UWL a wonderful place to explore your passions and pursue your dreams.
We hope you'll enjoy your electronic view of UWL. But please be sure to come visit us—when you do, we hope you'll agree that there's no place quite like UWL!
Best wishes,
Joe Gow
Email the Chancellor


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Speedplay's new Walkable™ Cleat technology for Ultra Light Action pedals sets a new standard for user-friendly, off-the-bike functionality. Speedplay's Ultra Light Action Walkable™ Cleats are the first truly walkable™ cleats for road pedals. The integrated, rubberized covers stay on the cleats while you are riding. When walking, the covers improve traction and protect the cleats from wear. Additionally, the thin, contoured cleat profile allows for a more natural gait and makes walking in road shoes much less awkward.
Included with the cleat sets are handy plugs called Cleat Buddies for use when walking in dirty conditions. Cleat Buddies prevent debris contamination by fitting into the cleat's center cavity. When you are ready to ride, Cleat Buddies can be easily removed for riding and conveniently snap together to fit in a pocket or bag.
Grippy, rubberized tread covers the cleat for improved traction
Durable cover material is resistant to wear and will not scuff floors
Thin, contoured cleat profile makes walking easier and more fluid
Fits all standard 3-Hole and 4-Hole shoes
Replacement Ultra Light Action Walkable™ Cleat Covers and Cleat Buddies are available separately.
Cleat Weight, with Cover
3-hole: 138g per pair
4-hole: 100g per pair
Part Numbers
|Store SKU