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Monday, February 06, 2012
Is the original New Testament lost?
64 comments
Strong wishful thinking: that the early fragment of Mark contains either the first or the last verses...ReplyDelete
Maybe with a signature and date.ReplyDelete
I don't think he's claiming an autograph, just a first century copy (!). There are also fragments of Paul too.ReplyDelete
I think Tommy has the idea: 'strong wishful thinking'.ReplyDelete
- Darrell2/06/2012 4:01 pm
Wow, 1st century Mark fragment? This is the first I have heard of it...sets aside P52 for earliest NT fragment! Needless to say, the suspense will be great until this is published.ReplyDelete
Wallace says it's "just a fragment" of Mark. I hope we have more letters than what 7Q5 had and that these letters are diagnostic of dating (a problem with P52).ReplyDelete
From the visible traces I am thinking:ReplyDelete
The lettering appears to me most likely between AD 83 and 84. And this sort of papyrus is definitely from the western bank of the Nile.
The other side could possibly be:ReplyDelete
I think we can tell from this that it lacks the long ending, but has the pericope adulterae.ReplyDelete
It's nice to have the top margin on both sides. That means we can work out number of letters per page. There are some very interesting Ur-Markus variants on this page.ReplyDelete
- Darrell2/06/2012 8:06 pm
Terrific humor here today...Dr. Head are you sure about the west bank of the nile? Sure looks like papyrus cut from the Nile delta to me.ReplyDelete
The fact that it has been so amazingly preserved suggests that it may have been somewhere away either from the bank of the Nile or from the Delta.ReplyDelete
It will be interesting to have Roger Bagnall's opinion on the dating, once he decides to weigh in. His discussion of dating in Early Christian Books in Egypt urges great caution, and calls for the sort of careful scholarship we can expect from P.M. Head! Whatever the date, these are exciting finds!ReplyDelete
I must say that I don't quite share Darrell's suspense or Peter R's excitement. Scepticism is more my feeling. Time will no doubt tell, but a firm date for an allegedly small fragment, announced in the middle of a debate is not a good start.ReplyDelete
Imagine if Bart had argued like this: I have a first century fragment showing that [fill in gap for something about Christianity disproved] but I'm not yet at liberty to disclose more details, but, believe me, this really does support my argument. I think that appeals to hidden evidence or future evidence are bad form in debate.
Let's just hope Brill doesn't end up being embarrassed...ReplyDelete
- Darrell2/06/2012 11:05 pm
"I must say that I don't quite share Darrell's suspense or Peter R's excitement."ReplyDelete
You are no doubt correct to remain skeptical, but new significant finds in NTTC do not come along every day...or month, or year. So when someone like Wallace announces (even in a debate) that in effect P52 is about to be replaced as the oldest witness to the NT, its hard not to be interested (excitedly).
Well, new significant finds in NTTC do not, of course, come around every day, but much more common are those sensational, first-century claims that haven't panned out, for example, O'Callaghan's identification of 7Q5 as Mark, Thiede's redating of P64, and Kim's redating of P46.ReplyDelete
That's why it is prudent to wait for the publication before getting one's hope up (and dashed).
That is how such rare finds are announced in a blog post that is not even about the find, but about a different subject.ReplyDelete
I'm no expert , but surely a manuscript is made available before a book on the subject, and not the other way around.
I think we need a P (Papyrus) number for the manuscript which Peter Head announced for us at '5:24 p.m.' on 6 Feb. I suggest that since the manuscript is so important it should not be given a high number, but something at the beginning of an alphabet. I suggest that we call it P-Aleph.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous2/07/2012 12:15 am
Darrell said in part "So when someone like Wallace announces (even in a debate) that in effect P52 is about to be replaced as the oldest witness to the NT, its hard not to be interested (excitedly)"ReplyDelete
I suspect the first announcement of this frg. was not made by Daniel Wallace the other night, but was made by Scott Carroll on 1 Decemeber last year. Check his Facebook posting of that date where he states "For over 100 years the earliest-known text of the NT has been the so-called John Rylands papyrus. That is about to change with a sensational discover I made yesterday. Stay tuned for the update". So far no update
Matthew Hamilton
Has it never occurred to anyone that the relationship of NT papyri, even early ones, to the Byzantine mss. tradition is not a singularity? Sometimes early papyri provide an important witness to the text, but sometimes they are less reliable than the Byz. tradition. I think some comparative evidence is needed to sustain some of the more hyperbolic claims on both sides. (18 first century papyri?)ReplyDelete
Matthew: do you think that what Scott Carroll announced can be the same thing? Wallace appeared to say that the discoverer had no religious affiliation but Carroll appears to be an evangelical.ReplyDelete
Lots of misinformation here, folks. First, this fragment is certainly not the autograph of Mark. Second, I spoke only of the paleographer, not the discoverer. I am neither. Third, it's a fragment, not the whole of Mark. Fourth, there are not now 18 MSS from the first century; there is at most one. 18 MSS that are either definitely or possibly from the second century is what I said. Rumors certainly do fly, even on an evangelical website! Im just the messenger, and I mentioned it at the debate because I just learned about it.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous2/07/2012 2:27 am
"Matthew: do you think that what Scott Carroll announced can be the same thing? Wallace appeared to say that the discoverer had no religious affiliation but Carroll appears to be an evangelical"ReplyDelete
I was under the impression that the palaeographer had no religious affiliation whereas Scott Carroll is the discoverer.
Perhaps (and this is only speculation), (1) Scott Carroll discovered the frg. (2) dated it to pre P52 (he doesn't actually give a date in Facebook), and (3) had it professional dated by somebody who is not an Evangelical in anticipation of the usual charges of bias - plenty of which are to be observed in recent blog comments.
Matthew Hamilton
Thanks for the correction, Dan. I should have said "paleographer".ReplyDelete
Thanks for your comments, Matthew. I look forward to seeing if your speculation is right!
Well, first, it's good to see that Dr. Wallace seems to be none the worse for his surgery.ReplyDelete
I want to chime in about something he said at the Credo House/P&P blog:
After Dr. Wallace announces the existence of a first-century fragment from Mark, he said that Dr. Ehrman questioned the validity of the claim, and then Dr. Ehrman "said that even so, we don't have thousands of manuscripts from the first century! That kind of skepticism is incomprehensible to me."
Whaa? It's not "skepticism" to affirm that we don't have thousands of MSS from the first century. I don't see what is supposed to be so skeptical about that.
Yours in Christ,
James Snapp, Jr.
And another thing.ReplyDelete
There is much to protest in Dr. Wallace's blog-post. He has a friendly and aggressively protected forum there. But in a fair dialogue (something I never expect to see at Parchment & Pen, unless it's for sale), several of his statements could and would be drawn into question. I haven't attended the debates he has had with Dr. Ehrman, but if Dr. Wallace walks into the cross-hairs in debates the way he does in written essays, I sure hope that readers understand that it's possible that his text-critical scholarship and debating skills might not be the best that American Christians have to offer.
And another another thing: this is hindsight, but, when Dr. Ehrman mentioned that a Greek NT came out in 2005 that claimed to have the original wording but differs from other texts in over 6,000 places -- what a platform! If that happens again, one should point out, "Over 6,000? That seems awfully low considering what we've heard and read. Not 200,000? Not 400,000? Two vastly different theories of the transmission-history of the text, and the text is identical except for 6,000-7,000 places??" And so forth.
Yours in Christ,
James Snapp, Jr.
I would suggest that the 2005 edition in question does not "claim to have the original wording" either in all particulars (else why include marginal alternative readings?) nor as regards the overall text itself (assuming that one does not share a certain theoretical perspective with the editors).ReplyDelete
I would expect that most readers would consider said edition as providing a reasonable approximation to the overall Byzantine Textform, unencumbered by dogmatic assertion.
And if merely orthographic differences were also included in the tabulation, I expect that the 6000 variants could be increased by over 33%.
- Jeff Cate2/07/2012 6:33 am
It'll be fascinating to see what's on the verso of this new Mark fragment. First century would be very, very early for a codex. Instead, the verso could be blank (like p22)... or have LXX text (like p12 or p18)... or have secular text (like p13)... or have disparate text of Mark, but upside-down (ala p43)... all of which can be tell-tale signs of a scroll.ReplyDelete
Thanks for putting the record straight. I still think there was more speculation and ironic disinformation than actual misinformation.
I will hazard the guess that Dirk Obbink is our doctrinally unaffiliated scholar involved in the dating of this papyri, given his affiliation with the Green Initiative. Whoever dated it, we can be almost certain that this dating as originally released was not based upon a thorough comparison with a large number of early dated samples, because such work would take weeks or months and not one to two days. (Two days is the amount of time before the CNN report when this papyrus was publicized.) What we have here is a gut feeling based upon someone's previous experience with papyri.ReplyDelete
I have dated Coptic papyri based on gut instinct before, and come to regret it based on further research. Here is where we must be balanced in our hope for a uniquely early papyrus and in our skepticism, not only of this dating but of the other dates which we already have. We should also have some grace for those involved in case their opinions evolve. Scholarly skepticism concerning paleography is becoming more apparent (IMO) with each passing SBL meeting.
Roger Bagnall would not date this papyrus paleographically, if I understand his position. He does not like to do that. From a statistical perspective, I think that he would be very skeptical that scholars would recover much from the first three centuries (especially the first two). I may post on this a bit later.
Is there a possibility that the Mark fragment is in a scroll format, thus offering a codicological argument for an early date?
blogger did not like my html encoding. Dirk Obbink's wikipedia page is here:ReplyDelete
I would have to register a protest if anyone were to imply that a palaeographer's opinion might bear more weight if they were non-confessional. Surely competence should be the consideration.ReplyDelete
PMH's reconstruction: ARX]H [TOU IU XUReplyDelete
Wow ... apparently this scribe omitted ΤΟΥ ΕΥΑΓΓΕΛΙΟΥ because of the similar genitive endings, who knows what else he omitted. ;-)
Compared to previous little "fights", I think Peter H conducted himself very well in this one... :)ReplyDelete
I too am shocked and disgusted that Christian scholars should put any weight on the fact that a scholar is non-confessional. The very statement accepts the presumption of bias and inaccuracy among Christian scholars.ReplyDelete
G.W. Schwendner wrote:ReplyDelete
Has it never occurred to anyone that the relationship of NT papyri, even early ones, to the Byzantine mss. tradition is not a singularity? Sometimes early papyri provide an important witness to the text, but sometimes they are less reliable than the Byz. tradition. I think some comparative evidence is needed to sustain some of the more hyperbolic claims on both sides.
Are you speaking of evidence that medieval copies of Classical texts (e.g. Homer) are often more reliable than the papyri? If so, the comparison of Homeric and NT materials would indeed be most interesting. I do not know of any works which do this with a focus on evaluating the merits of earlier and later witnesses. Are there any?
My last comment was actually serious.ReplyDelete
In private dialogue, Matthew Hamilton has correctly indicated that my statement above reflects only the dating of the Romans fragment (dated to the 2nd century) and not of the Mark fragment which has been dated to the 1st century.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous2/07/2012 10:43 am
Unfortunately while everybody is focused on the paleography of the fragment, the problems of precise and narrow dating by palaeography (eg: P52), and previous palaeographical misdatings (eg: P46 by Kim, P64/67 by Thiede), do we know that it is only on palaeography that the fragment was dated?ReplyDelete
Daniel Wallace makes mention of a (for now) anonymous palaeographer but nobody is considering that if other NT papyri in the Green Collection were recovered from cartonnage, then perhaps also the fragment of Mark.
Unlike papyri like P52, a papyrus fragment found in cartonnage has at least 2 elements of context:
Firstly the other papyri in the cartonnage may indicate a date range - if they all appear to be 2nd century then a 1st century date for a NT frg. would be odd, and conversely, if they all appear to be 1st century then a 2nd century date for a NT frg. would be odd. But if they come from a wide range then the context is much weaker
Secondly, if the cartonnage is dated by style or other features to the late 1st century then any of the papyri that make up the cartonnage MUST predate the late 1st century.
Unfortunately Daniel Wallace's information does not make it clear if the fragment of Mark was from cartonnage like the fragment of Romans, or if it was a loose fragment.
Matthew Hamilton
- Anonymous2/07/2012 11:13 am
Peter Head said "I too am shocked and disgusted that Christian scholars should put any weight on the fact that a scholar is non-confessional. The very statement accepts the presumption of bias and inaccuracy among Christian scholars."ReplyDelete
This issue makes one think of this qoute "He (a confessional and non-confessional scholar?) must be guided by a pure disinterested concern for knowledge, which accepts every really compelling result... He must be able to keep his own viewpoint, however precious, quite separate from the object of his research and hold it in suspense. Then he will indeed know only what really was" William Wrede, The Task and Method of 'New Testament Theology' (TMNTT; 1973, p 70).
Is there any info on this mysterious Mk fragment out there besides Dan's comment in passing?ReplyDelete
Matthew you talk sense as usual. When it finally comes to a consensus on the dating of this tiny fragment it will be the dating of the documentary texts in the same setting which will prove decisive.ReplyDelete
Only a few comments to go before we reach fifty (always a cause for celebration on the ETC blog).ReplyDelete
Unless Tommy wrote the original post.ReplyDelete
Yes, Peter, I noticed that too. Wallace was lucky that Ehrman didn't respond with, "Well, I'm non-confessional too and ..."ReplyDelete
- Anonymous2/07/2012 1:26 pm
I was quite surprised to see the quote from Wrede posted above. This is surely the opinion of a bygone age which has now been widely rejected. Throughout my studies it was drilled into me that we all have presuppositions. If memory serves me well the classic essay is 'Is exegesis without presuppositions possible?' by Rudolf Bultmann. Also there is an essay about presuppositions by Graham Stanton in a volume of essays called 'New Testament Interpretation' edited by Howard Marshall, which I recall as being is pretty good.ReplyDelete
Pete C
I agree. The Wrede quotation is naive.ReplyDelete
I suppose Wallace's point in the context of the debate was to point out that the paleographer in question had no axe to grind, the kind of point that does resonate with an audience for a debate that is cast in either / or terms. For what it's worth, it's why I find that kind of either / or way of framing what are actually nuanced subjects less than ideal.ReplyDelete
(I didn't really have anything to say. I just wanted to be comment number 50. :) )
Good one Mark.ReplyDelete
Mark reached the mark commenting on Mark. That is re-markable.ReplyDelete
- Darrell2/07/2012 3:21 pm
Is this a blog record for the number of comments?ReplyDelete
@ PJ WIlliams,ReplyDelete
There is no such study, although occasional NT scholars have taken note of the issue: e.g. An introduction to New Testament textual criticism
By Léon Vaganay, Christian-Bernard Amphoux, Jenny Heimerdinger p. 73, referring to P.Petrie I 5-8. This is a third BC papyrus from cartonnage (Gurob), dated paleographically and by the docs. found with it to the first quarter or first half of the century, a generation after Plato's death (347). It's reading, however, were worse than those of the paradosis. From the patristic tradition, some of the Tura papyri are copies of a dictated text, taken down in shorthand and then expanded, of Didymus the Blind's comments on the Pslams and Ecclesiastes. The copy we have come from the time of Justinian, two hundred years and a bit after Didymus death (398). That is, it is likely that our papyrus is separated from the shorthand original by only a single copy, and yet, it is replete with confusions, mistakes, and blunders of all sorts.
Bagnall was writing based on the data available to him, and would certainly reassess his conclusions based on new evidence (as documentary papyrologists must constantly do). Being a papyrologist means living in expectation of some new find that will overturn what we thought we knew.
Dirk is not a paleographer per se, but from his position as editor of the P.Oxy series sees more Roman literary hands than anyone now living, so his opinion, however cursory, would carry great weight.
@ confessional : non-confessional dating: it is not a question of "bias and inaccuracy" but a more fundamental urge toward sensationalism. Papyrologists are trained to eschew this urge because it compels one to make ordinary things more important than they are, and therefore we are suspicious of sensational claims prima facie. (and, honestly, when was the last time a NT scholar argued that a papyrus was later than the communes opinio?
Ehrman has exacerbated this urge by baiting believers with his wrongheaded taunts (how can our copies be reliable when they are more than two centuries removed from the ipsissima verba, so to speak). One really needs to take the mode of discourse here: debate, not constructive scholarly discourse. Debate is the enemy of the truth, compelling its participants to "score points". As for the urge to sensationalize findings, examples abound, such as the claim a newly excavated codex made of wood tablets was a lost work of Aristotle, when it turned out to be the most commonly read work of Isocrates instead.
This seems to be very exciting news!ReplyDelete
@ Peter, yes you are correct that the assertion that a confessional scholar cannot do the type of research that a non-confessional scholar can only plays into bad pre-existent biases against confessional scholars. However, I really don't think Wallace's mentioning the Paleographer's confessional stance was for that purpose. In fact, he states that the individual did not have an ax to grind in the debate, and therefore, amid a debate full of skepticism, it seems like Wallace was trying to avoid a simple dismissal of his announcement on the basis of confession, which could have easily and unsurprisingly been Ehrman's rebuttal. The debate context seems to inform that type of statement, as any conversation with Wallace would clearly indicate that he in no way "put[s] any weight on the fact that a scholar is non-confessional."
I, for one, will be very interested to see the data that comes out about the dating of this fragment, especially if as Matthew has pointed out, it does come from the Green Collection and more particularly from cartonnages. I also wonder if there are other items that they have yet to investigate that may lead to more findings.
- Anonymous2/07/2012 9:51 pm
It's interesting that Wallace's blog-post now describes the paleographer as 'a world-class paleographer, whose qualifications are unimpeachable'. There isn't anything about the scholar being 'non-confessional'. So if it's Obbink, maybe he's not 'non-confessional' after all, or perhaps it's someone else. It's seems clear, though, that Wallace means a real expert, and not someone who has a 'side area' in dating documents.ReplyDelete
In view of this really really exciting discussion about dating newly-found papyri, can we have a separate discussion on the current state of affairs along this line, especially from the perspective of the members and contributors in this blog, whether they are pre-committed to a particular confession or not? (Or whether it really matters if you are pre-committed to some form of ideology!).ReplyDelete
To this day, I've never met anyone who wasn't in some form and intensity committed to some sort of ideology. But hey, I'm only 25! (I think)ReplyDelete
- Daniel Buck2/08/2012 3:59 pm
@Peter, you are way off. As I reconstruct it, this is clearly a Byz mss, differing from the Majority only by the accidental omission (the most common scribal error) of EUANGGELIOU, no doubt another clear case of h.t.
Someone should tell Brent Nongbri about this.ReplyDelete
361 days to go!
Yours in Christ,
James Snapp, Jr.
Dr. Wallace wrote a short summary and update here: http://www.dts.edu/read/wallace-new-testament-manscript-first-century/ReplyDelete
The debate where Dr. Wallace announces new manuscript discoveries, including a possible 1st Century Mark, is now online.ReplyDelete
Dr. Wallace's announcement of new discoveries is at 1:13:40 and Dr. Ehrman and Dr. Wallace discuss it briefly at 1:48:10.ReplyDelete
Daniel Wallace,
"MSS that are either definitely or possibly from the second century is what I said."
It is not scholarship writing to make a positive affirmation of antiquity based on unlikely possibilities.
The great bulk of the "43%" text is from four mss that are mostly considered 3rd century, as on Peter Head's site.
Sure they are "possibly" 2nd century, "possibly" 1st or 4th century too, maybe some are "possibly" 5th century. The word "possibly" should not be abused to make political claims.
Steven Avery
Queens, NY


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* home/end - seek to the beginning/last seconds of the video
* spacebar - play/pause when the seek bar is selected
Here's a video you can use to try the shortcuts (make sure that the seek bar has focus by clicking on the small play button):
{ via The Next Web. Thanks, Kevin. }
12 comments:
not working...ReplyDelete
- AnonymousOctober 26, 2010 at 6:27 PM
I use the arrow keys to move forward and backwards on a video, but when I tried using the numbers on the number keypad nothing happens. So I tried turning off Nun Lock, but when I press 1, it forwards the video to the end; however, if I press the numbers at the top of the keyboard, it works as mentioned in the tip.ReplyDelete
Not working for me either. :)ReplyDelete
Don't use the numeric pad and make sure that the seek bar has focus (click on the small play button, change the volume etc.)ReplyDelete
Works perfectly, thanks for the tip!ReplyDelete
Hey, thanks for blogging about my "discovery"!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousOctober 27, 2010 at 8:43 AM
@Alex: Yeah I think I'm going use the numbers at the top of the keyboard instead of the numeric pad.ReplyDelete
Excellent! this is really handy.ReplyDelete
The space bar only works when the video has focus, not the seek bar. The rest of shortcuts seem to work. (Chrome 7 and 8, on Windows Vista and 7.)ReplyDelete
you can also use up and down arrows to control volumeReplyDelete
- AnonymousDecember 23, 2011 at 5:48 PM
some keypads have the arrows underneath the numbers. up arrow is 8, down arrow is 2, left arrow is 4, right arrow is 6.ReplyDelete
left/right arrows jumps for %5 of video time not for 5 seconds.ReplyDelete


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Tetraponera clypeata
Worker with brood inside a hollow Acacia thorn.
St. Lucia, KZN, South Africa
Foundress queen inside an Acacia thorn.
St. Lucia, KZN, South Africa
Tetraponera clypeata nest inside the hollow thorn of an Acacia tree. The elongate form of these ants allows them to maneuver in such cramped quarters.
St. Lucia, KZN, South Africa
St. Lucia, KZN, South Africa
This African Acacia tree houses Tetraponera clypeata colonies inside hollow thorns.
St. Lucia, KZN, South Africa
Tetraponera laeviceps
Arboreal Tetraponera nest in hollow spaces of twigs and branches. The ants' slender bodies allow them to maneuver in narrow spaces.
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia
Tetraponera merita
Tetraponera mocquerysi
Portrait of Tetraponera mocquerysi, one of the more common members of its genus across equatorial Africa.
Kibale forest, Uganda
Young queens of the twig ant Tetraponera mocquerysi actively forage for food early in the life cycle of the colony. Once workers are produced, queens can stay safely in the nest.
Kibale forest, Uganda
Foraging worker.
Kibale forest, Uganda
Tetraponera natalensis
A queen twig ant.
St. Lucia, KZN, South Africa


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LEWIS, WILLIAM, printer and journalist; b. in Kent, England; m. Elizabeth –, who died June 1782; fl.1777–87.
Except that he had emigrated to New York province by 1777, little definite is known of William Lewis' early life. Possibly he served his apprenticeship in the colony under James Robertson, a prominent royalist newspaperman. Lewis fell afoul of the Americans for his pro-British printing activities at Albany, where Robertson owned the Albany Gazette, and in 1777 he was arrested by the New York committee of public safety. He was released in Kingston, N.Y., that October to "remain in the Service of Mr [John] Holt Printer." Some time after that he must have eluded his overseers and made his way to New York City, for on Friday, 3 Sept. 1779, he and Samuel Horner began publication of the New-York Mercury; or, General Advertiser, thereby filling the only gap in the week when a British paper was not printed. In 1783 John Ryan* joined Lewis as a partner and together they continued publishing the Mercury until 15 August, by which time the American revolution was over and the evacuation of New York all but complete.
Arriving in Nova Scotia as a captain in a loyalist company, Lewis was granted a lot on Prince William Street in Parrtown (Saint John, N.B.). Since he began publishing almost immediately, Lewis unquestionably had taken the Mercury press with him. On 12 Dec. 1783, with Ryan still a partner, he issued a four-page journal, the Royal St. John's Gazette, and Nova-Scotia Intelligencer, the first paper to be published in what is now New Brunswick. Lewis and Ryan advertised themselves as "Printers to His Majesty's Loyal Settlement of St. John's River, Nova Scotia, at the Printing and Post Office . . . King St., where all manner of Printing Work is performed with Accuracy and Despatch." Official printing was the essential source of income for the Gazette, but they published non-government matter as well, including almanacs and books.
The Gazette's news section contained international, regional, and local items, and there were attempts at literature and humour. The doggerel of Charles Loosley either amused or annoyed readers in Saint John by unmasking "The clamorous faction and the party wars,/The noisy tavern, and the scenes of riot." Conditions there were chaotic during the first few years, and Lewis, who thrived on the inflammatory rhetoric of the American revolution, lost no opportunity to expose the misfortunes and sufferings of the loyalists between 1783 and 1785. He lashed out at the incompetence and unfairness of the officials and demanded a "second Spanish Inquisition" for the land agents who "The choicest tracts for some reserv'd,/Whilst their betters must be starv'd." The creation of the separate colony of New Brunswick in 1784 solved few problems and in July the Gazette offered by subscription "An accurate history of the settlement of His Majesty's exiled loyalists," a book, no doubt to be written by Lewis, which promised to reveal the "unparalled neglect, or willful fraud" perpetrated on "distressed soldiers and poor refugees." "Rank or station" would provide no shield from the attack. The book never did appear.
Even though the government was displeased with Lewis and Ryan, it was compelled to use their services because they were the only printers in the province. The contract for printing the charter of the city of Saint John in 1785, for example, went to the Gazette, but by then the authorities had had enough. Christopher Sower, a former competitor of Lewis in New York, was appointed king's printer on 8 April 1785, and he arrived from London with his press in time for New Brunswick's first elections that November. Lewis and Ryan, forced to change the name of their paper to the Saint John Gazette and Weekly Advertiser when Sower claimed the title the Royal Gazette and the New Brunswick Advertiser for himself, flayed the officials who had given preferential treatment to one who had not suffered through the colony's first two years. The elections provided the opportunity for attacks on the establishment, and Lewis and Ryan, now freemen of the new city, were especially active in securing the defeat of the government candidates. Governor Thomas Carleton*, who would not tolerate such opposition, used the excuse of an election riot to arrest a number of the government's leading critics, including Lewis and Ryan. He also had the elections of unacceptable candidates overturned.
Bound over to the Supreme Court in May 1786, and charged with "criminal libel," Lewis and Ryan pleaded guilty, throwing themselves at the mercy of the court. Each was fined £20 and required to deposit £50 security as a guarantee of good behaviour for six months. Authoritarianism, not freedom of the press, held sway then and for another half century.
On 21 March 1786 Lewis had dissolved his partnership with Ryan, who retained the business and eventually replaced Sower as king's printer. Lewis had been unable to accept the conventions of a non-revolutionary society. He apparently departed from Saint John in 1786 or 1787, leaving no record of his destination.
N.B. Museum (Saint John), W. F. Ganong coll., papers relating to the Saint John election, 1785–86. N.Y. Hist. Soc., Minutes of the committee and of the first commission for detecting and defeating conspiracies in the state of New York, December 11, 1776–September 23, 1778 . . . (2v., New York, 1924–25). Rivington's New York newspaper; excerpts from a loyalist press, 1773–1783, comp. Kenneth Scott (New York, 1973). Royal Gazette and the New Brunswick Advertiser (Saint John, N.B.), 21 March 1786, 2 May 1787. Royal St. John's Gazette, and Nova-Scotia Intelligencer (Saint John, N.B.), 29 Jan., 9 Sept. 1784. J. R. Harper, Historical directory of New Brunswick newspapers (Fredericton, 1961). W. H. Kesterton, A history of journalism in Canada (Toronto, 1967). Sidney Kobre, The development of the colonial newspaper (Pittsburgh, Pa., 1944; repr. Gloucester, Mass., 1960). J. W. Lawrence, The judges of New Brunswick and their times, ed. A. A. Stockton [and W. O. Raymond] ([Saint John, N.B., 1907]). MacNutt, New Brunswick. E. C. Wright, The loyalists of New Brunswick (Fredericton, 1955). J. R. Harper, "Christopher Sower, king's printer and loyalist," N.B. Hist. Soc., Coll., no. 14 (1955), 67–109. D. R. Jack, "Early journalism in New Brunswick," Acadiensis (Saint John, N. B.), VIII (1908), 250–65. W. O. Raymond, "Elias Hardy, councillor-at-law," N.B. Hist. Soc., Coll., IV (1919–28), no.10, 57–66.
© 1979–2023 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Cite This Article
C. M. Wallace, "LEWIS, WILLIAM," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 4, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 25, 2023, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/lewis_william_4E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
|Author of Article:
|C. M. Wallace
|Title of Article:
|Publication Name:
|Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 4
|University of Toronto/Université Laval
|Year of publication:
|Year of revision:
|Access Date:
|September 25, 2023


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The Filtration Society is organizing two one-day meetings to be held in October and November.
"Preserving Profits through Automation" takes place October 4, highlighting the benefits of automation in filtration and separation. On November 22, the topic will be "Media for Gas and Liquid Filtration Applications," and will present the latest developments in filter media.
The meetings are part of a regular series of successful technical conferences that attract international audiences. Both will be held at the Heath Conference Centre in Runcorn, UK. A number of commercial companies, including Whitehouse Scientific, will be supporting the events. There will be a focused exhibition at the Innovative Media meeting in November.
For more details or to register, please visit the Filtration Society website at www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/cg/research/filtration/.


text: Mandela Day - In Our Hands Mandela Day - In Our Hands This series was photographed on assignment for the Mandela Day campaign. The overarching objective of Mandela Day is to inspire individuals to take action to help change the world for the better, and in doing so build a global movement for good. It seeks to empower communities and individuals everywhere. Take Action; Inspire Change; Make Every Day a Mandela Day. After Nelson Mandela's passing his work lives on throug his foundations, 46664 and Mandela day. These pictures are of those who have pledged to continue his legacy, as his ambassadors. His work is in their hands now. After the run of the original Mandela Day campaign I was approached by filmmakers Elliot Kotek, and Frank Kelly to make a short film in tribute to Nelson Mandela using these images. With Elliot's poetry about the experiences on and off screen these hands have had and Frank's skillfull editing, they created "Raise My Hands", also included here. It went on to screen at 15 film festivals around the world. Thank you to Elliot, Frank and everyone else involved in the project who gave these images a second chapter and made a beautiful little film.


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lentil vegetable soup
This soup is a delicious change after the rich holiday fare of the past month. My favorite salad to serve with this savory soup is mixed greens with strawberries, apples, pecans and a poppy seed dressing.
Serves 8 to 10
1 pound French green lentils
4 cups chopped yellow onions (3 large onions)
4 cups chopped leeks, white part only (2 leeks)
1 tablespoon minced garlic (3 cloves)
1/4 cup good olive oil, plus additional for drizzling on top
1 tablespoon kosher salt
1 1/2 teaspoons freshly ground black pepper
1 tablespoon minced fresh thyme leaves or 1 teaspoon dried
1 teaspoon ground cumin
3 cups medium-diced celery (8 stalks)
3 cups medium-diced carrots (4 to 6 carrots)
3 quarts chicken stock
1/4 cup tomato paste
2 tablespoons red wine or red wine vinegar
Freshly grated Parmesan cheese
In a large bowl, cover the lentils with boiling water and allow to sit for 15 minutes. Drain.
In a large stockpot on medium heat, saute the onions, leeks, and garlic with the olive oil, salt, pepper, thyme, and cumin for 20 minutes, until the vegetables are translucent and very tender. Add the celery and carrots and saute for 10 more minutes. Add the chicken stock, tomato paste, and lentils. Cover and bring to a boil. Reduce the heat and simmer uncovered for 1 hour, until the lentils are cooked through. Check the seasonings. Add the red wine and serve hot, drizzled with olive oil and sprinkled with grated Parmesan.
Sometimes I will add diced bacon (turkey or pork).


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Home health care services are optimal for taking care of the senior citizens who are sick or injured. From megacities it has been proven that senior citizens are healed better and homely environment that's why home health care services are optimal for them as they get the medical care they require along with the home environment. Leaving your pants in the hands of unknown persons can be worrying that's why you must hire a reliable home healthcare service company. Apart from the medical care senior citizens require someone to treat them well that's why always hire a company who provides experienced nurses and medical staff. In many cases a patient requires a regular medication that's why it is better to have someone who can take care of these.
Senior citizens may require 24 x 7 cares that's why hiring a nurse from a woman service company can be beneficial as they would take care of your loved ones even when you are not at home. Senior citizens feel better under the observation of a home healthcare service person as they have company so they do not feel alone and unsecure. Elders do not feel comfortable in the restricted surrounding of a hospital that's why home care services are preferred for them but they cannot be an alternative for the medical care received in hospital. You can take services of a home health aide Richmond if you are unable to take care of your parents due to office work.Elders do feel comfortable under the supervision are famous not only treats them medically but also of accompanies them. In cases where the patient is suffering from a mental disease he should be treated by a skilled and experienced nurse who is trained to take care of these types of patients. Apart from medical prescriptions and care senior citizens also require adequate nutrition decided by a nutritionist that can be given to them by a nurse. The person who takes care of senior citizen helps them in various day to day tasks like shopping, cleaning and etc. Apart from these services they provide aide services, these services are aimed to speed up the recovery of patient. These caregivers help patients in performing various tasks like exercising and they also maintain medical records of the patient so that they can be consulted in case of emergency. These caregivers or nurses have to report a senior who monitors the health condition of the patient to make sure that a patient is having a speedy recovery.
If you need help in taking care of your parents you can take services of ahome health aide Richmond company as they provide home healthcare services for senior citizens and patients.
Reading the reviews provided by the author is one of the best ways to gain necessary information on Homehealth services richmond.


text:
What is Walker Stalker Con?
Walker Stalker Convention started with two friends taking a trip to Senoia, Georgia to watch The Walking Dead film their upcoming season. Their incredible day led to a podcast, and that podcast led to a series of fan meetups. Those fan meetups eventually became Walker Stalker Con.
Today, Walker Stalker Con welcomes more than 300,000 members of the #TWDFamily to 16 venues around the world to meet actors and artists from their favorite show. Our goal? To share a little bit of the magic we felt in Senoia with you.
Who is the event organizer?
Walker Stalker Con is put on by Fan Fest, a team of fans from across the country. Fan Fest also puts on Heroes and Villains Fan Fests in seven cities across the globe.
When is Walker Stalker Con San Jose?
We'll be bringing apocalyptic goodness to the San Jose Convention Center on December 1 & 2, 2018!
We can't wait to celebrate year THREE with you!
Where is the event held?
In 2018, we will return to the San Jose Convention Center. For directions, details about parking, and more visit our Venue Page!
What are the event hours?
Saturday: 10:30 AM – 6:00 PM
VIP Entry: 9:00 AM
Sunday: 10:30AM – 5:00 PM
VIP Entry: 9:00 AM
Is there an official hotel for the event?
Hotel details will be released in early 2018!
What is your Anti-Harassment Policy?
We have a zero-tolerance policy for harassment of any kind, including but not limited to: stalking, intimidation, offensive verbal comments, physical assault, battery, harassing or unwanted photography or recording, continuous disruption of panels or other events, bathroom policing, inappropriate physical contact, and unwelcome physical attention.
We reserve the right to remove any person from the event at any time. If someone's behavior makes you uncomfortable, please locate a staff member or visit our customer service desk to report an incident.
What is your Cosplay Policy?
Prop weaponry is allowed on the condition that it is comprised of light materials such as plastic, resin, foam, rubber or cardboard.
No fake guns of any kind or design will be allowed inside the venue. Crossbows and prop projectile weapons must be unstrung.
A member of our security team may Peace Bond your prop. We utilize zip ties to mark items as 'safe' and inspected. Once we have tagged your item, you are not permitted to remove it. We do our best to ensure that the trail tape can be easily hidden for photos.
Please use your common sense – if your prop can be mistaken for a real weapon, do not bring it.
Additionally, whether you are a member of the general public or a member of the cosplay community, please remember that "Cosplay Is Not Consent," and familiarize yourself with our Anti-Harassment Policy.
What is your Weapons Policy?
Management shall have sole discretion in any matter that they believe may affect public safety or be important to protect the integrity of the event.
Walker Stalker Con has a zero-tolerance policy for real weaponry. Real weapons of any kind are expressly forbidden on the premises, including:
- Firearms, airsoft guns, BB guns, cap guns, paintball guns and pellet guns). This also applies to attendees who may have a permit or license to carry said weapon.
- Metal-bladed weapons including katanas, axes, daggers, hatches, knives, swords, and switchblades)
- Explosives (including firecrackers and fireworks)
- Chemical weapons (including mace and pepper spray)
- Blunt weapons (including brass knuckles, hockey sticks, clubs, baseball bats)
- Hard prop weapons (including props made of metal, fiberglass, and glass)
Any person found to be carrying a weapon of any kind will have their ticket for the event revoked and to be removed from the event space.
What is your Bag / Backpack Policy?
Bags of all sizes will be allowed inside the venue but will be subject to search. A larger bag or backpack may slow your entry into our event, while we ensure the safety of those around you. We ask for your patience entering the hall.
What is Will Call?
Will Call, or the Box Office, is where all guests (including VIPs of all levels and Groupon customers) pick up their badges or wristbands for admission to the event. You will need to bring your confirmation email, either printed or on your phone. For information including Will Call hours and locations, visit our schedule page.
Can I pick up tickets for my friends or family members?
Yes, just bring an order confirmation for all the tickets you plan to pick up (multiple tickets may be included in a single order confirmation if purchased together). No ID required.
Do you offer children's tickets in the US?
In the US, children 10 and under are free with a paid adult ticket (maximum two children per adult ticket).
If your child has a VIP pass (Regular, Gold, or Platinum) and you want to enter early with them and stay with them in Autograph lines, seating for panels, etc., you will need to have the same VIP level as your child.
If you have a Platinum ticket and want your child to be able to skip lines with you, sit in the front rows at panels and eat lunch in the green room, they will also need a Platinum VIP ticket.
Do you offer a military discount?
We are proud to partner with VetTix to offer free General Admission Day Passes to all branches of currently-serving Military and Veterans, including immediate family of troops KIA. Visit VetTix.org to register today!
Don't want to register for Vet Tix? Simply bring a valid Military ID to Will Call to receive a free General Admission Day Pass.
NOTE: Don't miss out on important information pre-show! Make sure you sign up for our event emails HERE!
Is it possible to change or cancel my ticket?
All tickets are nonrefundable and nontransferable. Tickets cannot be applied towards future Walker Stalker Conventions.
Will my badge or wristband be mailed to me?
Your ticket will NOT be mailed to you. A purchase confirmation will be emailed to you; please bring it to Will Call at the event.
Can you scan my order confirmation from my phone?
Yes! However, a printed order confirmation can mean shorter wait times.
What is included in General Admission?
General Admission includes admission to our event, general Q&A panels, and the opportunity to visit vendors and artists. They do not include autographs or photo ops with the guests. Autographs and photo ops with guests CAN be purchased separately by attendees of any badge level.
Do you have accommodations for disabilities?
Absolutely! Please visit our Disability & FAQ HERE to learn more.
Do Regular VIPs include Photo Ops or Autographs?
No, Regular VIPs are like a fast pass and are limited in the number available. Photo Ops and autographs may be purchased separately.
I purchased a Gold or Platinum ticket. When will I receive my exclusive Autograph and Photo Op codes?
Codes will be created and sent out via email one week before Photo Ops and Pre-Sale Autographs go on sale.
Do Platinum and Gold VIPs include Photo Ops or Autographs?
Platinum and Gold VIPs do not include Photo Ops or Autographs. Instead, our premier ticket packages now include exclusive codes that allow you to purchase Autographs and Photo Ops outside of our standard pre-sale availability, even if that item had previously sold out.
How can I upgrade my current ticket?
To upgrade your tickets to a higher level, simply purchase your new preferred level when it becomes available on our website, and email us at [email protected] within 30 days. We will then refund the lesser-valued pass. Remember, both tickets MUST have been purchased from us, NOT third parties (Groupon, Living Social, etc.) or other attendees.
When and how are Autographs sold?
Generally, Autographs are purchased in person at each guest's booth. Autographs are cash only, with prices set by each guest's agent the weekend of our convention.
A selection of 8X10 photographs will be provided. Alternatively, you may bring an object for the actor to sign at their discretion.
Prices charged are per signature and range between 20-90 dollars.
For a limited number of high-demand actors, lines may be cut off based on how many people the actor can sign for in a single day, and their Autographs may be sold in advance of the event and a pre-purchased ticket will be required to enter the line.
Are there scheduled times for Autographs?
Our guests sign any time they aren't in Photo Ops, panels, or enjoying lunch. Each guest will have a detailed schedule posted at their table as well. Due to longer lines, we recommend visiting more in-demand actors earlier in the day.
What is a Photo Op?
Photo ops are professionally taken photos and include an 8×10 print out of your photo. You can purchase additional print outs or digital downloads from our photo op provider.
Photo ops are taken at scheduled times and are subject to change. Please visit Celeb Photo Op's website and review their FAQs. Questions regarding photo ops should be directed to
Can I take Selfies or Table Photos with the celebrities?
Some guests offer Selfies for purchase at their tables. The policy and price is set by each agent the weekend of the convention.
Can I bring a replica of Negan's Bat or Michonne's Katana to be signed or for cosplay?
All weapons or replicas must be made of plastic, resin, or foam. No real wood or metal bats or katanas will be allowed inside the venue. Please see our Code of Conduct section for more details.
What are Pre-Sale Autographs?
For a limited number of high-demand actors, lines may be cut off based on how many people the actor can sign for in a single day. Additionally, a high-demand actor's Autographs may be sold in advance of the event, and a Pre-Sale Autograph Ticket will be required to enter the line.
Can I give letters or gifts to the celebrities?
You may bring a small present or letter to a guest's autograph booth. Gifts will NOT be accepted in the photo ops area due to limited space.
How many people can be in each Photo Op?
One Photo Op can have up to 2 adult attendees and 3 children attendees (16 and under) in it.


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Protein linked to mental retardation may be controlling factor in drug's effect in the brain
Scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute have identified a protein that may act as the trigger controlling the addictive impact of cocaine in the brain. The findings may one day lead to new therapies to treat addiction.
The study was published on August 15, 2010, in the prestigious journal Nature Neuroscience.
The results from the new study strongly suggest that a protein known as methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) interacts with a type of genetic material known as microRNA to control an individual's motivation to consume cocaine.
"The study shows that MeCP2 blunts the amount by which microRNA-212 is increased in response to cocaine," said Paul Kenny, an associate professor in the Department of Molecular Therapeutics at Scripps Florida who led the study. "We have previously shown that miR-212 is very protective against cocaine addiction. Therefore, the conclusion is that MeCP2 may regulate vulnerability to addiction in some people through its inhibitory influence on miR-212. Without this influence, the expression of miiR-212 would be far greater in response to cocaine use, and the risk of addiction would likely be far lower."
This is the first time that MeCP2 has been shown to play a role in regulating cocaine addiction. Previously, the protein was most linked to Rett syndrome, a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder and one of the most common causes of mental retardation in females.
Interactions Shape Vulnerability
These new findings come on the heels of another cocaine addiction study by Kenny and his Scripps Florida colleagues published in the journal Nature in early July. That study showed for the first time that miR-212 — a type of small non-protein coding RNA that can regulate the expression levels of hundreds or even thousands of genes —influenced response to the drug in rats. Animals with increased miR-212 expression were less motivated to consume cocaine, pointing to the protective effects of miR-212 against cocaine addiction.
"The new findings are a significant advance from this previous study," Kenny said, "because they clearly demonstrate why microRNA-212 is not always fully protective – because MeCP2 regulates by how much miR-212 levels will increase in response to cocaine. This suggests that our initial findings may be central to explaining the complex process of addiction, and understanding how miR-212 signaling is regulated will be important. This study adds another level of detail to the blueprint."
A major goal of drug abuse research is to understand why certain individuals make the switch from casual to compulsive drug use and develop into addicts. Periods of easy access to the drug, along with repeated overconsumption, can quickly trigger the emergence of addiction-like abnormalities in animal models.
In the new study, the scientists first looked at the expression of MeCP2 in the brain after exposure to cocaine. They found that expression was increased in those animals given extended access to the drug.
"At that point," Kenny said, "we wanted to know if this increase was behaviorally significant – did it influence the motivation to take the drug?"
Using a virus to disrupt expression of MeCP2, the scientists found that rats consumed less and less cocaine. Intriguingly, levels of miR-212 were also far higher in those animals. Because increases in miR-212 suppress attraction to cocaine, the disruption of MeCP2, in essence, put miR-212 in charge and reduced vulnerability to the drug.
"We concluded that MeCP2 may play an important role in addiction by regulating the magnitude by which miR-212 expression is increased in response to cocaine," said Kenny. "In other words, MeCP2 seems to control just how much you can protect yourself against the addictive properties of cocaine."
Intriguingly, that was not the end of the story. In addition to MeCP2 blunting miR-212 expression, the scientists also found that the opposite was also true – that miR-212 could in turn decrease levels of MeCP2. This suggests that both are locked together in a regulatory loop. Importantly, the two had opposite effects on the expression of a particular growth factor in the brain – called BDNF – that regulates just how rewarding cocaine is.
While the new study fills in an important piece of the puzzle, the Kenny lab is hard at work to further increase our understanding of addiction.
"We still don't know what exactly influences the activity levels of MeCP2 on miR-212 expression," Kenny said. "Now we plan to explore what drives it – whether it's environmentally driven, and if genetic and epigenetic influences are important."


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Greencore to appoint US chief executive by year end
Greencore, the Dublin-based food group and the world's largest sandwich maker, is searching for a new chief executive for its US operations as speculation persists about potential takeover interest in the company.
Sources said Greencore will announce the appointment before the end of the year.
News of the latest shake-up comes amid rumours the group has veered into the crosshairs of a private equity suitor.
It is understood Greencore has not fielded any takeover discussions or interest from third parties since late 2011, when the New York buyout firm Clayton Dubilier & Rice came knocking.
But speculation that private equity firms continue to circle flared up again last week across trading desks in London and Dublin, despite the share price rebound since a shock profit warning in March wiped a third off the group's value.
At that time, Greencore's chief executive Patrick Coveney announced he would spend half his time across the Atlantic as he sought to restore investor confidence and bolster business by adopting a more hands-on approach to the problem-plagued US division.
Chuck Metzger, chief operating officer of the unit, now holds responsibility for its day-to-day management.
It is not clear whether Mr Metzger is also in the running for the CEO appointment.
According to sources, Mr Coveney's deeper involvement in the US arm was intended as a temporary measure and a replacement CEO to the US arm is expected to be unveiled within the next six months.
The looming top-tier changes come as investor sentiment in the stock continues to rally after the half-year results in May recorded a 22.6pc jump in revenue to £1.24bn (€1.41bn) – beating market forecasts. While the group chalked up an operating loss of £4.4m (€5.01m), the shares have climbed steadily over the past month, reversing the downward spiral.
The sharp improvement has prompted some to question why a suitor would table an offer now when the chance to swoop on the group at its weakest has passed.
Yet Greencore continues to draw a heavy contingent of short-sellers, who typically borrow stock in a company on the expectation it will fall in value.
In March the short interest climbed to almost 16pc. It has since retreated to 12pc but the group remains one of the most heavily shorted stocks on the FTSE 250 index.
Few in the market doubt private equity companies were crunching the numbers on Greencore earlier this year. Investor sources argue an opportunist may see value in breaking up the company, hiving off its profitable UK arm from the troubled US division.
Low cash generation also continues to weigh on Greencore's value although many analysts predict this will grow over the next few years as the Peacock acquisition fuels profits.
The group snapped up the food manufacturing business, which caters to branded consumer behemoths like Tyson Foods, Kraft Heinz, Dole and Kellogg's, for $747.5m (€635m) at the end of 2016, and investors backed the move with a £439.4m (€500.5m) rights issue. But the group has suffered a string of setbacks in its legacy business in the US as new retail ventures failed to gain much traction and factories were left under-utilised.
Greencore has picked up positive momentum recently and has recalibrated its US strategy. Yet Brexit poses considerable cost challenges while a potential supermarket consolidation in the UK threatens to undermine margins.
Article Source: http://tinyurl.com/kbwqb42


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"Our save the dates look so good! I absolutely love them and they arrived so quickly!"
"This car had the perfect layout and amount of pictures to show off on our amazing engagement photos!! Pthese Save the Dates came out better than I had imagined!!"
"The Save the Dates looked great - very high quality. We upgraded to the silver envelopes. We got so many compliments on these."
"Got these for my son's wedding announcement, and they're just gorgeous. The hard copy puts the image online to shame. Beautiful quality. Only wish I could order in smaller batches. I needed about ten more..."
"Beautiful save the dates"


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How much does it cost to hire a house sitter?
Thumbtack Editors
House-sitting can be a lifesaver when you're leaving town for any length of time. Whether you work remotely, you're taking a much-needed vacation, or you just want to road-trip for a few days, it's wise to have a pro keep an eye on your house and pets while you're gone. Your home is more likely to stay safe and you won't have to wrangle the kitty into a kennel to travel with you. The national average pet-sitting price ranges between $20 and $30. Pet-sitting and house-sitting costs will vary based on where you live in the country and regional labor rates. Another factor in cost is how long you want the house-sitter to stay. Some people prefer to have the house-sitter stay the night at their house, perhaps to care for an elderly pet or simply to keep a watchful eye on the home at all times. Overnight stays will cost more, ranging anywhere from $50 to $100, depending on services provided. For day visits, house-sitting and pet-sitting prices will increase incrementally the longer the visit and the more service you want performed. For example, a quick 10-minute visit to feed and walk the pet and bring in the mail could be $12.50, a 25-minute visit could be $18, a 40-minute visit $25, and a 50-minute visit $32. For more, check out our tips for smart hiring on Thumbtack.


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Scripto introduces a new line of C-thru, texture grip lighters for the sports enthusiast. The new sports-themed lighters feature a clear-wrap design, combined with a raised texture, creating the ultimate 3-D effect and feel. The five-piece collection features football, baseball, basketball, golf and soccer designs. This unique line is offered with a choice of sports themed counter display or Display-A Tray. The lighters carry a $1.09 SRP and feature Scripto's child resistant spark wheel.
For more information from Scripto Tokai Corp., 800-241-8552
[email protected]


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Julia Zini loves to give and receive flowers for any occasion, but for the first time she's reconsidering whether to buy a traditional bouquet of roses synonymous with Valentine's Day.
The Regina schoolteacher says she only recently learned that the favoured blossom has to be imported this time of year, a cost to the environment that has the increasingly eco-conscious Zini considering alternatives.
"I don't think I'll necessarily avoid them, but I will look at other, local options first," says Zini, who expects she and her husband will celebrate with a nice dinner instead.
Romantic sentiments are increasingly tinged with a bit of environmental worry at this time of year, say many in the floral industry shifting their practices to more sustainable offerings such as locally grown flowers.
Vancouver shop owner Rosemin Jutha says she buys 90 per cent of her flowers from United Flower Growers, an auction for local growers that benefit from B.C.'s milder climate.
Her store — Queen Bee Flower Shop, located in the upscale South Granville neighbourhood — limits water use, reuses containers and materials where possible and uses biodegradable packaging and wrapping paper made from recycled materials.
"There's a lot of wastage in the industry the way things are packaged," acknowledges Jutha, noting that includes non-recyclable and single-use materials such as cellophane and foam — which she still uses.
"I have a recycling water pick program so that when we do an arrangement, we ask (the customers) to bring them back or take it back to another florist," she says, referring to the small water-filled containers that keep a stem's cut end hydrated.
"And we ask: Do you want to use brown paper?"
The best thing a flower-lover can do is buy locally to reduce the travel-related carbon footprint, she says. A side benefit is that usually means the flower are "really fresh" and last longer, especially if it's a hardier variety.
Still, that can be a hard sell on Valentine's Day when buyers typically seek delicate and exotic arrangements designed to impress, she admits.
During the lead-up to the 14th, only half of her stock is locally grown to accommodate more traditional demands: "They all want their roses."
Terrapass, a climate change group that provides public education and helps businesses analyze their carbon footprint, says roses are especially problematic because they are a warm-weather flower that is typically flown in from the southern hemisphere and then transported to local markets in refrigerated trucks.
More than 100 million roses make the journey to the United States, it says, producing 9,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
A flower's end-of-life can be problematic, too.
Emily Alfred of the Toronto Environmental Alliance reminds recipients to put their spent bouquets in the green bin for compost, not the trash.
Like all organic material, flowers that go to landfill end up decomposing and releasing methane, a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and contributes to smog and global climate change.
Corporate events and weddings are where floral waste can really add up, says Kalynn Crump of ReBloom, which collects event flowers that would otherwise be thrown out and donates them to nursing homes, hospices, shelters and other organizations.
Crump says she started her company in Calgary in 2014 after working in public relations and seeing gorgeous blooms tossed as soon as a party ended — sometimes thousands of dollars worth of flowers that had only been enjoyed for a few hours.
"The florist would come in and just grab the vase, throw the flowers down on the table, and that was it, they wanted their vase back because they were rented," says Crump, whose coast-to-coast clients include businesses and wedding couples, but also event venues that are gradually realizing their own role in curbing waste.
Crump recalls coming across a dumpster full of beautiful white hydrangeas behind a posh downtown Toronto hotel, the aftermath of a big wedding where she guesses staff were forced to quickly clear a ballroom to make way for the next big event.
She showed them the photo and that hotel is now a client, she says, noting a "significant change" in attitude among businesses and hotel chains over the past two years. She says ReBloom diverted 43 tons of floral waste from landfills since 2014 and wants to divert 20 more tons this year.
Zini used ReBloom to donate flowers from her 2018 wedding in Toronto to a local women's shelter and seniors' home. She estimates spending about $3,000 on the flowers and an additional $800 to turn them into smaller bouquets and arrangements.
"Ideally, (a wedding) happens once and there are things that you want to be special because they happen once," she acknowledges.
"But that being said, the waste (includes) wasted food, dresses that are never worn again, flowers in the garbage. I wanted that special day, but I wanted to reduce the waste as much as I could."
That's a sentiment the similarly themed Violet Heart Project in Toronto — a not-for-profit that also repurposes event flowers — hopes will one day be inextricably linked with the floral industry.
"This just needs to be the normal thing that everybody does," says Julie Danaylov, one of the founding board members.
Cassandra Szklarski, The Canadian Press
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The National Park Service cares for special places saved by the American people so that all may experience our heritage.
National Park Service
U.S. Department of the Interior
Bryce Canyon
National Park
PO Box 640201
Bryce, Utah 84764
435 834-5322 phone
435 834-4704 fax
Bryce Canyon National Park News Release
December 14, 2010
For Immediate Release
Dan Ng 435-834-4740
Bryce Canyon National Park Presents an
"Eclipse Extravaganza"
Bryce Canyon National Park Superintendent Jeff Bradybaugh invites you to join Bryce Canyon's "Dark
Rangers" on Tuesday, December 21, 2010, for an evening of programs and activities highlighting two
significant astronomical events—both occurring simultaneously: Winter Solstice, and a total lunar
eclipse! Says Bradybaugh, "Whether or not you've been to an astronomy show at Bryce Canyon before,
it's worth braving the cold for this one, because we won't have a total lunar eclipse on the winter
solstice for another 391 years!" Though total lunar eclipses can be seen about every 5 years in North
America, the next one to happen on the winter solstice, which is the shortest day of the year and when
Earth is closest to our Sun, won't be until December 21, 2401!
Dark Ranger Joel Allen adds, "Full moons are so bright that usually they're the enemy of stargazing.
However, as the moon eclipses, you'll get the best of both worlds—the romance of a full moon, and the
starry splendor of an ultra-dark sky."
The evening events begin at 5:30 p.m. with a full moon hike among the
hoodoos led by Dark Ranger Kevin Poe. Attendance is capped at 30
participants, ages 6 and up. The hike is moderately-strenuous and will
last about two hours. Stop by the Bryce Canyon Visitor Center (open
daily, 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.) or call (435-834-4747) to reserve a spot on
this hike. Hiking boots are required for all participants on moonlight
hikes. Because hiking trails have patches of snow and ice, traction
devices are highly recommended. Visitors may purchase traction devices
at the Bryce Canyon Visitor Center for $25, if they so desire. Hiking boot with traction device.
Dark Ranger leading a full moon hike at Bryce Canyon National Park.
The National Park Service cares for special places saved by the American people so that all may experience our heritage.
The second event will be a pre-eclipse moon
viewing through large telescopes on the Bryce
Canyon Visitor Center patio. This will take place
from 10:00 p.m. to 10:30 p.m. Be sure to dress
warmly as nighttime temperatures will dip well
below freezing.
Beginning at 10:30 p.m. in the visitor center
auditorium, Dark Rangers Joel Allen and Kevin Poe
will present a one-hour multimedia program called,
"All I Want for Solstice is Our Moon to Come
Back!" In addition to explaining how eclipses work,
this presentation highlights the science and
mythology of how our Moon came to be, life's
dependence on our Moon, and human exploration of
our lunar neighbor.
The grand finale of the evening will take place from
11:30 p.m. to 12:40 a.m. Visitors will be invited
back to the large telescopes outside to view our
"disappearing" Moon as it is slowly eclipsed by
Earth's shadow.
Head Dark Ranger Kevin Poe offers this suggestion: "Still looking for the perfect gift for that person
who has everything? Why not bring them to our Eclipse Extravaganza here at Bryce Canyon, the Last
Grand Sanctuary of Natural Darkness!"
As Poe explains, "This will not be the only astronomy presentation Bryce Canyon offers during this
holiday season – but it will be the best one!" The other three astronomy presentations will be Friday,
December 24, Tuesday, December 28, and Friday, December 31. All three will be held at the Bryce
Canyon Visitor Center and all three will start at 7:00pm., followed by stargazing – weather permitting.
All events are free of charge, though the park entrance fee is $25.00 – good for up to a seven-day visit at
Bryce Canyon National Park. National passes like the Interagency Annual Pass, Senior Pass, and Access
Pass waive the entrance fee.
Be sure to dress warmly—with lots of layers—for these events. Free hot apple cider and cocoa will be
provided for attendees of these events.
We hope to see you there!
Multi-exposure sequence of eclipse
stages – photo courtesy of NASA
For Bryce Canyon Hotels, Motels, Lodging and Activities
Best Western Bryce Canyon Grand
30 North 100 East
Bryce Canyon City, UT 84764


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Hi Sweet Friends,
I hope you are having a wonderful Memorial Day Weekend.
5. Please visit a few other links and leave a sweet comment.
Thanks so much for hosting and thanks so much for stopping by and leaving such sweet comments!!
Wishing you a wonderful holiday weekend!!
I really enjoy this party, Cindy! Thank you again for hosting. Hope you had a terrific weekend! :)ReplyDelete
Oh, Cindy, thank you so much for featuring my salt and pepper shakers. I'm so thrilled. I'm still taking a little break and dealing with my little Mother Her mind is so much better but the legs are not very good. Thank you for your prayers.
I love your party.
Be a sweetie,
Shelia ;)
Hey Cindy, thanks so very much for the feature!! Hope you're having a great weekend!ReplyDelete
I love the featured blogs...they were some of my favorites! Sweet hugs!ReplyDelete
Cindy, thanks for hosting. Hope you have a nice Memorial Day.ReplyDelete
Thanks so much for hosting, Cindy! Have a wonderful weekend!ReplyDelete
Hope you are having a wonderful weekend. Love the suitcase not just for clothes.ReplyDelete
Great features. Thanks for hosting every Monday!ReplyDelete
Thanks so much for hosting the party. I hope you've had a great weekend.ReplyDelete
Hi Cindy! Yes, you did want I needed you to. Thankyou! GinaReplyDelete
Thanks for another great party Cindy! Hope you're having a wonderful Memorial Day...
Thanks for hosting Cindy. Hope you are having a wonderful holiday weekend.
Thanks for hosting Cindy! Hope your having a great holiday!ReplyDelete
Thanks for hosting Cindy! Have a great Memorial day!
I joined in the partay this week....hope you have a great week!ReplyDelete
how in the world have i missed this party?
i love the features here.
You always have a fun looking party, Cindy. Hugs, CindyReplyDelete
Thanks so much for hosting. I'm new to your party and glad to be here.
Have a great weeks.
Peggy~PJH Designs
Looks like a great party, I see lots of talented bloggers joining the fun. Thanks for hosting. KathyReplyDelete


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Camera Crews and Corn Nuts
Here's a little tip for any viewers out there that might someday have an opportunity to screen test for the Food Network: Pick a demo recipe that includes corn nuts as one of the ingredients. Today, we were all huddled in Studio B for talent tests, freezing and hungry, and running behind schedule.
As luck would have it, our test subject whipped up a delicious salad topped with those crunchy golden nuggets of corn goodness. And I discovered that no one can resist corn nuts! The extra tub of corn nuts that we wouldn't need for the shoot was gone within minutes, as everyone tried their best to crunch quietly in the background. Ah, corn nuts, the ultimate in studio mood elevators.


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American-European Health Economics Study Group - V Edition.
Department of Economics, Campus Ciutadella UPF University,
CRES, Barcelona, Spain.
Building Roger Lluire Room 40.063
June 30th and July 1st, 2022.
Theme: Health Economics and Policy.
Programme: https://cutt.ly/iJHUdsa
This study group provides a forum of two days for bringing together graduates and researchers who wish to discuss work in progress and explore opportunities for new research related health economics.
Participants are expected to attend the entire meeting and take an active part as either author or discussant.
Local organizers: Amitabh Chandra (Harvard), Guillem López Casasnovas (UPF, CRES), Francesco Moscone (Brunel, Ca' Foscari), and Catia Nicodemo (Verona, Oxford)
Keynote speakers: Wiji Arulampalam (Warwick), David Bradford (Georgia), Matilde Machado (U. Carlos III).
Scientific Committee: R. Conti (Harvard), M. Darden (Hopkins), O. Giuntella (Pittsburgh), M. Vera-Hernandez (UCL), S. Jimenez (UPF), M. Limdenboom (Amsterdam), J. Mullahy (Wisconsin), G. Pasini (Venice), H. Pifarré i Arolas (CRES), L. Siciliani (York) J. Skinner (Dartmouth), D. Slusky (Kansas), A. Stern (Harvard), G. Turati (Cattolica), J. Winter (Munich).
For further information please contact [log in para visualizar]


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George Edward Pickett
Our editors will review what you've submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
George Edward Pickett, (born Jan. 16?, 1825, Richmond, Va., U.S.—died July 30, 1875, Norfolk, Va.), Confederate army officer during the American Civil War, known for Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg.
Sources differ on Pickett's birth date, though a baptismal record indicates that he was born on Jan. 16, 1825. After graduating last in his class from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. (1846), Pickett served with distinction in the Mexican-American War (1846–47). He resigned his commission in June 1861 and entered the Confederate army, in which he was made brigadier general in February 1862. Pickett rose to major general in October and was given command of a Virginia division. At the Battle of Fredericksburg he commanded the centre of Gen. Robert E. Lee's line but saw little action.
At Gettysburg (July 3, 1863) three brigades of Pickett's division (4,300 men) constituted somewhat less than half the force in the climactic attack known as Pickett's Charge. The attack was actually under the command of Gen. James Longstreet. Its bloodily disastrous repulse is often considered the turning point of the war. Although Pickett was much criticized and charged by some with cowardice, Lee retained him in divisional command throughout the Virginia Campaign of 1864. Eight days before the surrender at Appomattox (April 9, 1865), Pickett's division was almost destroyed at Five Forks while he was attending a shad bake. After the war he worked in an insurance business in Norfolk, Va.


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Since I've been skiing a little bit recently (for the first time in years), I decided to check out what was happening online in the skiing world. Specifically I wondered if there were any ski blogs out there and if the many ski magazines offer online archives of their content.
Just like every other topic under the sun, skiing is well covered in blog land; no chance for fresh tracks here. A couple of quick searches uncovered blogs about backcountry skiing, New England skiing, ski adventures from around the country, skiing products and fashion, Colorado skiing, an attempt to ski 120 days of powder, Euro-centric skiing, and even a skiing videoblog.
Most of the skiing blogs I found focus on their respective author's adventures on the slopes. If someone wanted to start a skiing meta-blog (blogging not just skiing adventures but other skiing-related topics and pointing to other people's adventures), would there be enough good information out there to point to? The magazine racks of ski country convenience stores are filled with all kinds of periodicals about skiing...how much of that content is online? From what I can tell, the skiing magazines do offer content on their sites, but not necessarily from the pages of their print magazines. Both SKI Magazine and Skiing Magazine have archived print articles on their sites, but only from June 2005 and earlier. Both have other resources like forums, skiing news, resort details, videos, and online-only features. Neither site is organized particularly well for quick information perusal and retrieval. Skipressworld offers PDF versions of their entire print magazine online, including the current issue. Powder magazine has some online archives as well as online-only features like videos and message boards.
And so on...Google News is currently featuring over 10,000 articles about skiing (although much of that is due to the impending Winter Olympics), Flickr has thousands of skiing photos, and nearly all the ski areas an resorts have web sites on which you can check the current conditions, the lines at the chairlift via webcams, and trail maps. Killington is even doing podcasts.
So there's lots of skiing info out there. I know there must be a few skiers among the kottke.org readership...what are your favorite skiing sites and resources online?


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Q: My husband and I have been together for about four years and have been married for a little over a year. He's 31; I'm 27. We started out as friends and soon began a long-distance relationship, until I got pregnant. We have a great friendship, and honestly I wouldn't want to be with anyone else. Here's our problem: I have the sex drive of a 16-year-old boy, whereas he's practically asexual. The fact that we even got pregnant is quite shocking.
Early on, it didn't bother me much — infrequent sex is common in long-distance relationships — but now that we're married, he would still rather jack off to porn. I'm not hideous. I'm in great shape, my "amazing ass" gets hit on all the time, and I'm an open-minded, porn-loving girl — but my husband isn't interested. Lame! The sex he does give me is quasi-forced, strictly missionary and at most three times a year. But the solo sex he has in front of the computer while I'm at work happens three times a week at least. Lamer!
The topic has been discussed often. Especially after I go out with friends and come home at an indecent hour, upon which I must explain that I spent the night being chatted up by blokes who noticed my "amazing ass." He's admitted that his sex drive has been a problem in his previous relationships. I guess I'm just getting to the point where one of these days, I'm going to fuck a minor-league soccer team. Any thoughts? —Sexless And Desperate
A: Your husband — who is beating off three times a week in front of the computer — is interested in sex, SAD. He's just not interested in sex with you or anyone else he's ever been with. But ultimately, the issue here isn't sex. It's about neglect and selfishness and false advertising. (When we marry, we're signing up to fuck someone at least semi-regularly for decades. Not interested in fucking? Don't marry.) Since he's unlikely to change his ways — his stunted, sexually selfish ways — you have just two options: an open relationship or a new relationship.
Considering your compatibility and the fact that you have a child, I'd encourage you to stay together. So an open relationship it is — and he shouldn't have a problem with that. If sex doesn't matter to him, if he's indifferent to sex or you, then it shouldn't matter to him if you occasionally do this supremely unimportant thing with other people and/or minor-league soccer teams. So long as you're a good and loving partner and co-parent, and so long as your family is your first priority, you should be free to seek safe, sane and nondisruptive sex elsewhere. Added perk for him: no more quasi-forced sex with you.
And who knows? Maybe knowing that you're having sex with other dudes — or just knowing that you can have sex with other dudes — will cause your husband to develop a bad case of sperm-competition syndrome (Google it), and the husband will be inspired, fucking you three times a week instead of his fist.
Q: I'm 21, a female and pretty experienced. The guy I'm dating now is 23 and a virgin. I'd really like to avoid some of the awkwardness that I'm sure is going to arise, seeing as I'm his first. (And has arisen — the first time we attempted to do the deed, he was so nervous he couldn't stay hard; he also thought he was "in" when, in reality, he was humping my leg.) I'm at a loss. Obviously this is going to take a lot of communication in the moment; aside from that, do you have any advice for how to make this less awkward for both of us? —First Isn't Really Sexy Time
A: Mess arounda few times — at least a half a dozen times — with vaginal penetration off the menu, ratcheting down the performance anxiety for your boy. Once he's seen that, yes, his dick does work — yes we can get hard, yes we can stay hard, yes we can blow a load with a woman in the room — then you can move on to vaginal intercourse. And take control, FIRST: Tell him — as sexily as possible — what you're going to be doing before you get started, tell him what you're doing while you're doing it, and then you can tell him when he's "in" instead of letting him guess.
And, finally, a little required reading for the virgins out there and the people who're about to fuck some sense into them: The Virgin Project. Illustrators K. D. Boze and Stasia Kato interviewed all sorts of people — gay, straight, bi, young, old, ancient — about their loss-of-virginity experiences. The illustrated stories in The Virgin Project are moving, hilarious and heartbreaking in turn — sometimes all three at once — and knowing that everyone's first time is awkward, and that some folks' first times are unpleasant, and that most of us survive them, might be good for your virgin, FIRST. It couldn't hurt you to be reminded of those things, either.
Q: I appreciated your responses to Missing Kisses and Loses Interest Quickly, and I would like to share what worked for me some years ago when I wanted to taste my own come but was hesitant — and I've got two follow-up questions for you.
My girlfriend (now wife), like LIQ's wife, was frustrated that my come-eating ambitions would disappear after climax. So we figured out a way for me to eat it before I climaxed: I masturbate into a ziplock bag and put it in the freezer. Then during our lovemaking session we retrieve the baggie — she feeds it to me in frozen chunks, or she lays the frozen pieces on her body and I lick it up as it melts, preclimax of course. Because of these baby steps, now on special occasions I even eat it "fresh" after I've come in her.
Two questions: Could home-frozen sperm — stored for 24 hours or so in a regular household freezer — impregnate my wife? And if so, is there a risk of birth defects or miscarriage? Also, we are interested in using my ejaculate as an ingredient in cooking — are you aware of any legit recipes that use human semen? —Coming Around To Cream Pies
A: Frozen spermcicles gross me out, CATCP, and I arrive at this debate with a real affection for the stuff. So I can't imagine your idea will catch on, even among guys like you and LIQ. Another reader had a better idea: a little tantric woo-woo. "Through specific breathing patterns and concentration, you can make yourself come without ejaculating; or, you can ejaculate a little and still be hard," writes Mr. F. "I can bring myself to a 'mini-orgasm' where I just slightly come on my girlfriend's tits, go right back to riding her again, and tease her by licking a bit off. She loves it."
As for your questions ...
"Sperm frozen in a household freezer would probably be useless for insemination," says David E. Battaglia, an associate professor at Oregon Health & Science University and a fertility consultant. "The issue isn't genetic damage (there probably wouldn't be any). The issue is sperm survival. Sperm has to be frozen in special solutions in order to survive, and we freeze it in liquid-nitrogen temperatures."
And while I've never cooked with sperm — if it's not in Mark Bittman's How to Cook Everything, it was either meant to be eaten raw or not at all — there's a cookbook out there for you: Natural Harvest: A Collection of Semen-Based Recipes.Download the Savage Lovecast (my weekly podcast) every Tuesday at thestranger.com/savage. Send letters to [email protected]